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.•^•"fm 3u^
t'-'l
THE
FOSSIL INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA,
WBit^ Jloteis on ^omc Curopean ^ptcit^.
BY
SAMUEL H. SCUDDER.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
Vol. n.
THE TERTIARY INSECTS.
VJTII TWENTY-KIGHT PLATES.
NEW YORK:
MACMILLAN AND COMPANY.
1890.
T
I
• ••• • •
• • • • < •• • • « • • •
- \
> • • • • • •
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
REPORT
OK THK
UNllTill) STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
OF
THE TERRITORIES.
UNITED STATES G EO LOG IST-INC U AKGE.
VOLUME XIII.
I
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1890.
■^'=570
"PP^PM
itm
i
UNITHI) 8TATK8 (iKOIAMlICAL 8URVKY OF THE TKItUITOUIES.
T H K
TEKTIARY INSECTS
or
NORTH AMERICA.
BX
SAMUEL H. SCUDDER.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890.
NOTE.
Depaktmknt of thk Intkrior,
Unitki» Stati-.h (jIkolooical Sitrvey,
]Vmhhiylo)f, D. C, May 16, 1890. On the 27th of September, 1 882, at the request of Dr. F. V. Hayden, the completion of the jjulilications of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, formerly under his charge, was committed to the charge of the Director of the Geological Survey by the following order from the honorable t'.'e Secretary of the Interior :
Department of the Interior,
Washington, September 27, 1882. Maj. J. W. Powell,
Director U S. Geological Survey : Sir: Tiie letter of Prof F. V. Lay den, dated Juno 27, bearing your indorsement of July 20, relating to the UKpublished rejjorts of the survey formerly under his charge, is herewith returned.
You will please tak(i charge of the publications referred to in the same, in accordance with the suggestions made by Professor Hayden.
It is the desire of this office that these volumes shall be completed and published as early as practicable. Very respectfully,
H. M. Teller,
Secretary.
Of the publications thus placed in charge of the Director of the United States Geological Survey the accompanying volume is the third to be issued, the preceding being "The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the West," by Edward D. Cope, and " Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories," by Leo Jesquereux.
J. W. Powell, 6 Director.
CONTENTS.
PaRfc
Letter of trnnamittal U
lutroi iction • 13
Localities where Tertiary iunects have been fouad in America 17
Myriapoda 43
Arachnides 45
Acarina 46
Araneidea 48
Neiiroptera 91
Tliymmura 94
Terrilltina 103
Paocinn 117
Eplieineridm 118
Odonata 124
P..iQipenuiu 146
Trichoptera 170
Orthoptera 201
Forficnlariw 202
BlattariiB 215
Pbasmida 219
Acridii 220
Locustariie 227
Gryllides 2M
Heiniptera «i'C
Coocidm 241
Aphideii 242
PsylUdiB 275
Fnlgorina 278
Jassides 302
Cercopidn) 315
CorixidiB 343
Notoiiectidin 346
(valgnlidiB 347
VeliidiB 348
Hydrobatidm 350
Reduviidin.. 354
TingididiB 357
Acanthiidio 360
CapsidiD 361
Fliysapodes 371
Lygaeidiu 374
CoreidtD 411
fentatomidm : 435
7
8
CONTENTS.
Page.
Coleoptora 465
Authri^idio ..■ 46r>
ScolytidiB 46y
Curoulionido) 471
Otiorhynchidic 475
Rhynchitidie 481
Bbipiphoridae 482
Tent.'jrionidiB 483
Bruchidie 484
OhrysoinelidoB 4S5
Scarabieidie 487
Ptinidie 491
BnprestidtD 493
ElateridiB 496
ByrrhidsB 499
NitidnlidiB 499
Cryptopbagidte 501
Cucujidffi 501
Erotylidaj 502
StaphylinidiB 503
Hydropbilidie 510
DytiBcidH! 517
CarabidiB 517
Diptera 539
Lonob«BidiB 539
OrtalidiB 540
Scioniyzidip 542
Helomy zidip 547
Antbomyidic 548
MiiBcidiic 551
TaobinidH! 554
PlalypezidiB 555
Conopic'itB 555
SyrphidiB 557
Dolicbnpodidie 662
CyrtidiB 563
Asilidro 663
Straliomyidie 666
Tipulidii'. 568
CbirouomidiE 578
C'ulicidjB 582
BibionidiB 583
Mycetophilidis 586
CecidomyidiB 600
Lepidoptera 602
TineidiB 602
Hymenoptera 604
Tentbredinida* , 604
•^''alcididiB 604
BraconidiB , 605
Icbneiimonidti' 608
MyrmisidiB 615
FormicidiB 616
Spbegidw 620
Syatematic list of speoibs witb tbeir diHtribiitiun, and onmparis..n wiib otber Hpecios, liviug and
fossil 6il
Plates 665
Index 783
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Map of Tertiary lake basin at Florissant, Colorado l^ntispieoe
Plate I. Insects from bone caves itnd interglacial clays " i\m
H, III. Insects from the Tertiary deposits of British Colnmbia 669-678
IV. Insects from miscel.laneous Tertiary deposits, including one species from the Lar- amie formation __„
V-X. Insects from the Tertiary deposits of Green River, Wyoming 675-686
XI. Araclmida from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant, Colorado 687
XII-XV. Nenroptera from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 6«)-«96
XVI, X v^Il. Orthoptera froui the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 697-700
XVni-XXVIII. Hemiptera from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 701-728
Figs. 1-3. Planocephalas aselloides ™,
"""■••"••••"' • Ho
9
ERRATA.
i^age 28, line eighteen, /or speeiirens rmd species, i age 71, under Araiica coliinibiie. fur PI. u read PI 2
preruTLallrZrr"'"''^ '"'""'•""*^'^- "--'»'"« ^'-«""-"" '•«•«.»« on page .03, i..ne.nately
Page 203, line three, /or cricket read crickets cfar '"'' '*"'" ^''»'"'— ". "-n .he two paragraphs on page 202. i„.„.e.,iately preceding Forfi
/or 15. Anconotus read 15. Auconatus "•"•anoon, /or IJ. Amalanohuiu read 13 Anialaiicon;
KiS;'„rvt n;:rirs:;ath;":'rc "-^ •*"""' -'"'' ■ ^"-^ '-"■« --'^ *-- ♦<- - '<>■■« «« ^oad.
Pafte 248, in three headings, /or Oeranohon read Ge.ancon Page 249, m heading, for Genmchon read Gerancon Pag9 A.6, hue twenty, before parts i«»er« except at base
Page 3b2, line 20. for referred read referable
10
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
U. S. Geological Survey,
Division of Fossil Insects, Cambridge, March 14, 1890.
Sir: It is a source of great regret to me that the volume herewith trans- mitted could not have been published during Dr. Hayden's life. It con- tains the first fruits of an undertaking inspired by him and encouraged by his aid. The extent of the task he intrusted to me more than a dozen years ago has been, with the interference of other duties, the occasion of the delay in its execution. The material has grown beyond all expectation, far beyond anything that could have been anticipated.
As originally planned, when the Florissant beds were first carefully exploited, the fossil insects other than those from Florissant were first to be disposed of, and the latter were then to be taken up by orders. The plates were accordingly executed (before the completion of the text) with that plan in view, and the first ten plates heroivith transmitted contain very nearly all the extra-Florissant insects known ten years ago. Since then their number has perhaps doubled. The succeeding plates contain the lower orders of Florissant arthropods, ending with the Hemiptera.
The text has been made to conform in large measure to the same plan,
except that the insects of difierent localities and of different horizons have
been arranged in one systematic series. Descriptions of a considerable
number of species have been introduced for completeness' sake which are
not figured, but of every one of these drawings ha-e been finished and will
be given in some future publication. The early portion of the text was
written many years ago — the Arachnida aud Termitina in 1881, most of
the Odonata in 1882, the Ephemeridae and Planipennia in 1883, and the
Trichoptera and Orthoptera in 1884; and, as the general remarks prefixed
to each group were written on the completion of the study of that group,
and would now have to be modified in some slight particulars, I have
thought best to let these remarks remain as written, and to append at the
11
12
LETTER OF TKAN8M1TTAL.
end of each general paragraph the date of writing. To rewrite the whole would unnecessarily delay the appearance of the work, and the dates will explain otherwise unaccountable, though generally ver}' slight, omissions of later material.
The new portions of the Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hynienoptera were mostly written a year ago, and during the past year the Hemiptera, much the most extensive group in the volume, have been elaborated. In the four later orders the general remarks ar.r'. summaries attached to the genera, families, etc., of the earlier groups are omitted, because these orders will form the subject of future separate consideration, and the basis for generaliza- tion will then be greatly increased; the representiition of these orders in the present volume is very meager, including next to no species froui Florissant.
The publication of this volume will give the first opportunity for any good comparisons between the long known Tertiary insects of Europe and those of any other country; so far as the lower orders of insects are con- cerned— the only ones here at all fully elaborated — they show that the ma- terial already gathered within the last two decades in America is at least as rich as that of the well gleaned fields of Europe. The present volume con- tains (descriptions of 1 specios of Myriapoda, 34 of Arachnida, 66 of Neu- roptera, 30 of Orthojjtera, 266 of Hemiptera, 112 of Coleoptera, 79 of Dip- tera, 1 of Lepi(loj)tura, and 23 of Hymenoptera, in all 612 species. For the lower orders, that is, those here fully treated, these numbers are already slightly in excess of those obtained from the European Tertiaries, if the rich amber fauna of the Baltic is excluded; for the corresponding numbers for the European species from the rocks would be approximately as follows : Myriapoda, 1 ; Arachnida, 24 (recently, however, nearly doubled); Neu- roptera, 69; Orthoptera, 36; and Hemiptera, 218; a total of 338 species against 397 for the. American rocks. There is no doubt that this excess would be found even greater in the higher orders by the material already many year^ in hand ; and the extent of the insect-bearing rocks of the West, which as yet have been touched only here and there, is so immeas- urably greater than that of similar European strata that only the lack of students in this field of American paleontology can prevent our deposits from assuming a commanding position in the world. Very respectfully, yours,
Samuel H. Scuddeb.
Hon. J. W. Powell,
Director U. S. Geohgical Survey, Washington, D. G.
THE TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
By Samuel H. Scuddes.
INTRODUCTION.
'"hat creatures so minute and fragile as insects, creatures which can so feebly withstand the changing seasons as to Hv^e, so to specie, but a moment, are to be found fossil, engraved, as it were, upon the rocks or embedded in their hard mass, will never cease to be a surprise to those unfamiliar with the fact. "So fragile," says Quinet', " so easy to crush, you would readily believe the insect one of the latest beings produced by nature, one of those which has least resisted tlie action of time ; that its type, its genera, its forms, must have been ground to powder a thousand times, annihilated by the revolutions of the globe, and perpetually thrown into the crucible. For where is its defense ! Of what value its antennae, its shield, its wings of gauze, against the commotions and the tempests which change the surface of the earth ? When the mountains themselves are overthrown and the seas uplifted, when the giants of structure, the mighty quadrupeds, change form and habit under the pressure of circumstances, will the insect withstand them I Is it it which will display most character in nature? Yes' The universe flings itself against a gnat. Where will it find refuge ? In its very diminutive- ness, its nothingness."
The pages and plates of the present volume bear testimony to the fact that our tertiary strata have preserved remnants of an ancient host, so varied in structure, so closely also resembling their brethren of to-day, that nearly or quite every prevalent family-group in the entire range of the insect-world has already been deircnstrated to have then existed. While often fragmentary and crushed, sometimes beyond recognition, a not in- significant number are sufficiently preserved for us to repopulate the past ;
' £. (iuinet : La Creation, vol. 1, p. 197.
13
14
INTRODUCTION.
Hometimes, too, are they preserved in such a wonderful manner that in tiny creatures with a spread of wings scarcely more than a couple of millimeters one may count under the microscope the hairs fringing the wings.
In attempting thus to restore the past world of our insects, two or three general features have been forced upon my attention, which may well be mentioned here. One of them is the remarkable fact that in hardly a single instance has the same species been found at. two distinct localities. These localities, it is true, are in some instances separated by hundreds or even thousands of miles, and analogy with the present distribution of insects would lead us to expect more or less profound changes in passing from one to another. But at other times the distance is not great, or at any rate not great enough to make this a satisfactory reason. It is more proba- ble that the bedsin which they occur are not altogether synchronous ; and we are led to believe that in the separation of liorizons insects will give more precise and definite distinctions t\> -n may be gained by the study of the plant remains of the same beds. The data at our disposal are not yet suffi- ciently varied to enable us to speak with any confidence, but when tiie other groups of Florissant insects, not considered in the present volume, are worked out, and Mie new material that is a* hand from the other princi- pal localities has been fairly studied, it may be found that we are armed with a new weapon of attack in solving the immediate succession of the Tertiary series of tlie West in their finer subdivisions.
Another point to which attention maybe drawn is the very considerable number and quite extraordinary proportion of species which so far are repre- sented by a sinu;le specimen. Leaving out of consideration certain marvel- ously prevalent forms in the beds of Florissant, such as certain Formicidse, Alydina, etc., one working these beds, from which many thousands of insects have already been taken, may confidently expect that evjry third or fourth specimen will prove something new. A quite similar statement can be made of all, or all but one, of the other localities where insects have been found in our Tertiary deposits : it surely indicates that with all the rich results of the explorations so far undertaken we are only upon the threshold of our possible knowledge. We find a richness of fauna far exceeding any- thing before supposed possible.
The interest of the Tertiary fauna is further enhanced by the discovery that no inconsiderable proportion of the species in this fauna must be re-
INTRODUCTION.
16
ferred to genera not now extant. Granted that our knowledge of the sub- tropical forms of this continent (with which as a whole at least our Floris- sant fauna seems to be akin) is much too meager to be of great service ; granted also that in many cases we are forced to establish new genera U|)on what would be regarded among recent animals as too slender grounds : it is nevertheless true that an unexpectedly large number of ^forms can not be forced into modern genera already established ; in many cases, throughout whole groups, kindred differences from modern types are found which in- dicate considerable changes of structure in the intervening epochs along parallel lines. In illustration of this we wotild call special attention to the differences observed "'n the genera of plant-lice, and, in several places among other Hemiptera as well as among the Coleoptera, to the decided dif- ferences in the relative length of various members of the body. My own belief, which springs from the comparisons instituted in the study of this fauna, is that a much larger proportion of genera should really have been founded, and that, for every type which may turn up in Central American explorations of the near future identical with those now established upon the fossils alone, it will be necessary to separate from the familiar surround- ings in which I have placed it some other of the insects from the same beds.
It should be stated that the larger part of the plates in this volume were engraved before the insects were studied, except in a cursory manner to separate the species; the insects are therefore not always properly grouped, and the legends upon the plates are in part inaccurate.
In the enumeration of the specimens at the end of the specific descrip- tions the numbers of the obverse and reverse of the same specimen are always connected by " and " without any intervening comma, and this typographical method is employed only for expressing this relation.
In the study of these extinct insects much assistance ims been received from friends, to whom my cordial thanks are due; for valuable suggestions from the late Dr. J. L. LeConte, from Baron R. von Osten Sacken, Edward Burgess, Esq., and Drs. G. H. Horn and H. A. Hagen; for the open collec- tions of the late G. D. Smith, Esq., and of Messrs. E. P. Austin and Samuel Henshaw; and for important aid in obtaining typical series of modern insects in various groups by Messrs. E. P. Austin, P. R. Uhler, E. P. Van Duzee, Edward Burgess, Dr. A. Forel, and most especially Mr. Samuel Kenshaw.
LOCALITIES WHERK TERTFARY INSECTS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN AMERICA.
Florissant, Colomih. — Tho I'ertiivry lako biisin at Florissant,' already famous for its prolific, beds of plants and insects, is situated in a narrow valley high up in the mountains at the southern extremity of the Front Kange of Colorado, at no great distam^e from Pike's I'eak.
The basin is shown on Sheet l;{ of the geological atlas of Colorado, published by Dr. Hayden's survey, and its outlines are marked with con- siderable accuracy, although upon a comparatively small s(!ale. The ancient lake lies in tho valley of the present South Fork of Twin Creek, and of tho upper half of the main stream of the same after the South Fork has joined it. Following tho old stage road from South Park to Colorado Springs, and leaving it just above tlie railway station at Florissant, and then taking the road which leads over the divide toward Canon City, we pass between the Platte liiver and the Arkansas divide, through the e.itire length of tho basin. This road crosses the South Platte a short distance, say a kilometer and ii half, below the mouth of Twin Creek, climbs a long gradual slope on the oast bank of the river to an open grassy glade about 'l,Um meters above the sea, and then descends a little more than three kilo- meters fronj the river to join the valley of Twin Creek. One scarcely begins the descent before his attention is attracted by the outcroi)ping of drab-colored shales, which continue until almost the very summit of tho dii«::j^ is reached and the descent toward the Arkansas begun, a traveling distance of not far from 13 kdometers. The shales may indeed be seen for several kilometers on the farther side of this divide, but no organic remains have yet been found in them.
By climbing a neighboring peak, thrice baptized as Crystal Mountain, Topaz Butte, and Cheops Pyramid, and known to the old miners as Slim Jim, we obtained an admirable bird's-eye view of the ancient lake and the
'This account of Florissant is taken almost bodily from a paper byTrofTArtliur Lakes an.l myself (E'lU. U. S. Geol. .Siirv. Terr., vol. 6, ltj81, pp. 279, seq.).
VOL XIII )i *'
18
TKIMIAKY INaKCTrt OK NOUTII AMKItlCA.
HmToiiiKliiijf ri'frion. To tlio southenHt \h Piko*8 Peak ; to the went Soutli Park and the canon of tlio South IMatt(, hIiowii by a dcproHHion ; to the uxtionio Houfh the {,nan(l cafion of the AikauHaH; wliilo to the north a few .sharp, ra<rge(l, {frunito pnakw snrniount the low wooded IiiIIh and rftvincH characteristic of the nearer region. Among these IuIIh and ravines, and only n little broader than the rest of the latter, lies, to the south, the ancient Florissant Lake basin, marked by an irregular L-shaped grassy meadow, the HoufluM n half broader and more rolling than the northwestern, the latter more broken and with deeper inlets.
Recalling its ancient condition it will appear that this elevated lake must have been a beautiful, though .shallow,' sheet of water. Topaz Hutte, and a nameless lower elevation lying eight kilometers to its southwest, which we may call Castello's Mountain, guarded the head of the lake upon one side and the other, rising IWO or 400 meters above its level. It was hemmed in on all sides by nearer granitic hills, whose wooded slopes came to the water's edge ; sometimes, especially on the northern and eastern sides, rising abruptly, at others gradually sloping, so that reeds and flags grew in the shallow waters by the shore. The waters of the lake penetrated in deep inlets between the hills, giving it a varied ai\d tortuous outline; although only about IG^ kilometers long and very narrow, its margin must have measured over 70 kilometers in extent. Still greater variety was gained by steep promontories, 20 meters or more in height, which pro- jected abruptly into the lake from either side, nearly dividing it into a chain of three or four unequal and very irregular open ponds, running in a northwest-southeast direction, and a larger and less indented sheet, as large as the others combined, connected with the southwesternmost of the three by a narrow channel, and dotted with numerous long and narrow wooded islets just rising above the surface.
The ancient outlet of the whole system was probably at the southern ::tremity ; at least the marks of the lake deposits reach within a few meters of the ridge which now separates the waters of the Platte and Arkansas; the nature of the basin itself, and the much more rapid descent of the present surface on the southern side of this divide lead to this conclusion. At the last elevation of the Rocky ]\Iountain chain the drainage flow of this imme- diate region was reversed ; the elevation coming from a southerly or south-
> The Hhti11o«rno88 of the lake is iudicatod by tlie character of the flgh, the auii cracking of some of tho shales and the errct Ncqiioia stiimiis.
TUE I-'LOUISSANT LAKli BABIN.
19
eaHterly direction (porliiipH from I'ikc'H I'uiik), tho lake, or series of IiikoH, WH8 (IniiiKMl dry by einptyiii;^' uf tlic iiortlnvewtern extremity. Tlie dniinajro of the valley now flowed into ii brook which followod the deeper part of its former floor, and the waters of tlu* rejfion have since emptied into tho Platt(i and not the Arkansas, passin<«' in their course between Topaz Uutte and Cnstello'w Monntain.
The promontorieH projecting into tho lake on either side are formed of trach)te or other volcanic lavas, apparently occinTing in fissiu'es directly athwart tho general conrso of tho northwestern or upper series of lakes, and masses of tho same occur at many different poinds along tho ancient shore, such as tho western corner where tho watei-s of tlio lake were finally discharged; in tho neighborhood of tho village; along tho eastern wall of the lowermost of tho chain of upper lakes, near where tlrj present road divides; and at points along both eastern and western walls of the lower southern lake. In general tho trachytic flows seom to bo confined to tho edges of the lacustrine basin, but some, if not all, of tho mesas or ancient islands of the southern lake have trachytic flows over them; and toward the southern extremity of tho lake what was once a larger island now forms ■I rounded hill with steep northern walls, crowned by heavy beds of dark trachyte, and its slopes covered with quantities of vesicular scoria?. The rough and craggy knoll immediately overlooking tho present village of Florissant, the reputed scene of Indian combats,' is witness of hotter times than those; vertical cylindrical holes, with smooth walls, in which a man could hide from sight, funnels scored by heat, mark, perhaps, the presence of former geysers; the basaltic rocks themselves are deeply fissured by the breaking up of tho planes of divisions between the columns, affording the best protection to the Ute and Arapahoe warriors. But tho very shales of the lake itself, in which the myriad plants and insects are entombed, are wholly composed of volcanic sand and ash; 15 meters or more thick they lie, in alternating layers of coarser and finer material. About half of this, now lying beneath the general surface of the ground, consists of heavily- bedded drab shales, wit!', a conchoidal fracture, and is totally destitute of fossils. The upper half has been eroded and carried away, leaving, how- ever, the fragmentary remains of this great ash deposit clinging to the bor- ders of the basin and surrounding the islands ; a more convenient arrange-
' Their rude fortiflcations still crown tho summit.
20
TEKTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
ment for the present explorer could not have been devised. That the aource of the volcanic ashes must have been close at hand seems abundantly proved by the difference in the deposits at the extreme ends of the lake as will be ohown in the sections to be given. Not only does the thickness of the beds differ at the two points, but it is difficult to bring them into any- thing beyond the mi»si general concordance.
There are still other prools of disturbance. Ai'ound one of the granitic islands in the southern lake basin the shales mentioned were capped by from one and a half to two and a half meters of sedimentary material, reaching nearly to the crownof the hill, the lowest bed of which, a little more than three decimeters thick, formed a regular horizontal stratum of small vol- canic pebbles and sand (A and B of Ur. Wadswonh's note, further on), while the part above is much coarser, resembling a breccia, and is very un- evenly bedded, pitching at evory possible angle, seamed, jointed, and weather-worn, curved and twisted, and inclosing pockets of f^ne laminated shales, also of volcanic ash, in which a few fossils are found (C of Dr. Wads- worth's note). These beds cap the scries of i-egular and evenly stratified shales (D of the same note), and are perhaps synchronous with the disturb- anca which tilted and emptied the basin. The uppermost evenly bedded hales then formed the hard floor of the lake, and these contorted beds the softer, bat hardening, and therefore more or less tenacious, deposits on that floor.
The excavation of the filled-up basin we must presume to be due to the ordinary agencies of atmospheric erosion. The islands in the lower laka take now as then the form of the granitic nucleus; nearly all are long and narrow, but their trend is in every direction both across and along the val- ley in which they rost. Gi-eat masses of the shales still adhere equally on overy side to tlie rocks against which they were deposited, proving that time aione and no rude agency has degraded the ancient floor of the lake.
The shales in the southern basin Up to the north or northwest at an angle ot about two degrees, and according to the contoiirs of the Hayden Survey, the southern end of the ancient lake is now elevated nciirly two hundred and fifty meters iibovtj the extreme nortnwestern pomt. The greater part of this present slope of the lake border will bo found in the southern li If, where it can not fail to at onc<^ strike the observant eye, the southerinnost margin close to the summi* of the divide being nearly two hundred meters higher than the margin next the hill by the forks of the road.
TUE FLORISSANT LAKK HASIN. 21
Our examination of the deposits of this lacustrine basin was principally made in a small hill, from which perhaps the largest number of fossils have been taken, lying just south of the house of Mr. Adam Hill, now owned by Mr. Thompson, and upon his ranch. Like the other ancient isbts of this upland lake, it row forms a mesa or flat-topped hill about ten or a dozen meters high, perhaps a hundred meten* long and twenty -five broad. Ground its eastern base are some of the famous petrified trees— huge, Jipright trunks, standing as they grew, which are reported to have been five or six meters high at the advent of the present residents of the region. Piecemeal they have been destroyed by vandal tourists, until now not one of them rises more than a meter above the surface of the ground, aid many of them are entirely leveled; but their huge size is attested by the relics, the hvrgest of which can be seen to have been three or four meters in diameter. These gigantic trees appear to be Sequoias, as far as can be told from thin sections of the wood submitted to Dr. George L. Goodale. As is well known, re- mains of more than one species of Sequoia have been found in the shales at their base.
At the opposite sloping end of this mesa a trench was dug from top to bottom to determine the character of the different layers, and the section exposed was carefully measured and studied. In the work of digging this trench we received the very ready and welcome assistance of oiu com- panion, Mr. F. C. Bowditch, and of Mr. Hill.
From what information we could gain about the wells in this neigh- borhood and from a shaft sunk obliquely in the side of a hill near the northwestei n extremity, it would appear that the present bed of the ancient Florissant lake is entirely similar in composition for at least ten meters below the sinface, consisting of heavily bedded non-fossil iferous shales, having a conchoidal fracture. Above these basal deposits, on the slope of the hill, we found the following series, from above downward, commencing with the evenb- oedded strata :
SECTION IN SOUTHERN LAKE.
(i?« S. n. Scndder and A. /.ake».)
Cfintiiret"! It.
1. Finely lamhmted, evenly bedded, light-grsy shale ; planto and insects scarce and poorly
preserved 3 j
2. Light-brown, soft and pliable, fine 'trained sandstone ; uufossiliferous a
3. Coarser, ferriiginons sundstope; nufossiliferons 3,8
4. Resembling No. 1 ; loaves and Insect remains 21
6. Hard, compaci., grayish-black shale, breaking with a conchoidal fracture, seamed in the
middle with a narrow strip of drab shale ; fragments of plants aS
22
TERTIARY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
6. Ferrii^inous shale; unfossiliferoug 1.5
7. Reaeiubtiug No. 5, but buviug uo coachoidal fracture; stems of plants, insects, and a small
bivalve niollusk 9
8. Very Bne gray oohreous shale; non-fosailiferous O..")
9. Drab shales, iuterlaminated with fiuely divided paper ahales of light-gray color; stems of
plantH, reeds, and insects 46
10. Cruuibliug uchroiius shale; leaves abundant, insects rare 7.5
11. Drab shales; uo fossils ^ 7.5
12. Coarse, ferruginous sandstone; uo fossils 3.8
13. Very hard drab shales, having a conchoidal fracture and tilled with nodules ; unfossilif-
erous 63
14. Finely laminated yellowish or drab shales; leaves and fragments of plants, with a few
insects , 30
15. Altuniatiug layers of darker and lightergray and brown ferruginous sandstone; nofossils.. 10
16. Drab shales; leaves, seeds, and other parts of plants, .rith iusects, all iu abundance .... 61
17. Ferruginous, porou.i, sandy shales; no fossils 5.7
18. Dark gray and yellow shales ; leaves and otber parts of plauts 9
19. luterstratided shales, resembling 17 and Id; leaves and other parts of plants, with insects.. 17.8 20 Thickly bedded chocolate-colored shales ; no fossils 41
21. Porous yellow shale, iuterstralilied with seams of very thin dra'j'colored shales; plants .. 7.5
22. Heavily bedded chocolate-colored sb.tles; uo fossils 30
23. Thinly bedded drab shales; perfect leaves, with perfect and imperfect fragments of plants,
and a few broken insects 20
24. Thinly bedded light drab shales, weathering very light : without fossils 20
25. Thick bedded drab shales, breaking with a canchoidal fracture; also destitute of fossils.. 18
26. Coarse arenaceous shale ; unfossiliferous 9
27. Qray saudstoue, containing decomposing fragments of some white mineral, perhaps calcite ;
no fossils 178
28. Coarse, ferruginous, friable sandstone, with concretions of a softer material ; fragments of
stems perhaps.. 60
29. Thinly bedded drab shales, having a conchoidal fracture, somewhat liguitic, with frag-
ments of rojts, eic ' 25
30. Dark-chocolate shales, containing yellowish concretions; filled with stems and roots of
plants 25
Total thickness of evenly bedded shales (" D," of Dr. Wadsworth's note) above floor deposits ^ Meters)..
6.668
The bed which has been most worked for insects and leaves, nnd in wliich thev are unquestionably the most abundant and best preserved, is the thick bed, No. 16, lyiiij^ half-way up the hill, and composed of rapidly alternating beds of variously colored drab shales. Below this, insects were plentiful only in No. 19, and above it in Nos. 7 and 9 ; in other beds they occurred only rarely or in fragments. Plauts were always abundant where insects were found, but also occurred in many strata where insects were either not discovered, such as Nos. 18 and 21 in the lower half and No. 6 in the upper half, or were rare, as in Nos. 10 and 14 above the middle and No. 23 below; the coarser lignites occurred only near the base.
The thickest unfossiliferous beds, Nos. 20 and 27, were almost uniform in character tliroughout, and did not readily split into laminae, indicating an enormous shower of ashes or a mud flow at the time of their deposition; their character was similar to that of the floor-beds of the basin.
THE FLOK18SANT LAKE BASIN.
23
These beds of shale vary in color from yellow to dark brown. Above them all lay, as already stated, from fifteen to twenty -live decimeters of coarser, more granulated sediments, all but the lower bed broken up and greatly contorted. These reached almost to the summit of the mesa, which was strewn with granitic gravel and a few pebbles of lava.
Specimens of these upper irregular beds, and also of the underlying shales, were submitted to Dr. M. E. Wadsworth, of Cambridge, Massachu- setts, now of Houghton, Michigan, who caused thin sections to be made from them and has fumished the following account of their microscopical structure :
TUFA FROM FLORISSANT.
The method aad scheme of classificatiou employed here is that briefly sketclied in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (vol. 5, pp. 275-287). By this system only do we think that the inclosed fragments could be named, for they contain so few crystals that in most cases the base is the principal thing upon which the decision must rest.
A.— The finer deposit just above the 8uax£s.
A medium-grained gray tufa, containing crystals and fragments of feldspar, augite, etc., cemented by a tine earthy groundfuass.
In the thin section it is seen to be an epitome of the volcanic rocks of the Cordil- leras. The groundmass holds fragments of basalt, andesite, trachyte, and rbyolite, with detached minerals derived from them.
The basaltic fragments have in part a dense globulitic base porphyritically hold- ing ledge formed plagioclase crystals and a few augite granules. Some of the basalt ie quite coarsely crystallized, approaching the doleritic type. Olivine was observed in some of the fragments, but it is largely altered to a reddish-brown serpentine. Mag- netite is abundant. In many of the fragments the groundmass has decomposed to a reddish-brown mass, which is untrauspareut and holds clear crystals of plagioclase. The basaltic fragments have suffered more from alteration and decoinpo8ition than any others in the tnfa.
Of andesite, both varieties pointed out by us (low. cit., p. 280) occur in this tufa. The first, which is nearest the basalt in composition, has a brown jlass as its base, filled with mierolites. This base holds minute rtctangnlar and oblong crystals of feldspar. Large mierolites of augite and grains of magnetite were seen. Fragments of this are common, and are clear and unaltered. The second variety of andesite was seen to have a dense gray micro-felsitic base, holding ledge-formed feldspars and magnetite grains. Some contained the reddish-brown fibers of the destroyed hornblende. Frag- ments of this variety of andesite are quite abundant.
The trachyte has a light gray,felty, and glassy base, some fragmenis showing be- sides this only faint traces of polarization caused by incipient feldspars. Other frag- ments show minute, well-formed crystals that appear to be sanidin. Grains of mag- netite occur scattered through the biwe. This is also quite abundant, and it, au 7,'8ll as the basalt and andesite, surpasses the rhyolite in amount.
The rhyolite occurs in the form of a more or less clear glass, often cellular. The cells are often drawn out in the direction of the original flow, lurminga libroiis struct
■i
24
TEKTIAltf INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
lire, whicli when of a grayish or reddish brown color resembles woody fiber. Some of the fragments contain ellipitical cells, and a few shards of water-clear glasi free from inclusions were seen.
Many crystals, entire or broken, are scattered throughout the groundmass of the tufa. These crystals belong to plagioclase, sanidin, olivine, magnetite, angite, and quartz. But lilfj quartz was observed ; one crystal contained trichites and vapor cavities. The trichites are the same as those commonly seen in the quartz of granite, but this appears to have been derived from the lava. The ieldspar contains inclu- sions of base, glass, and microlites, and through these tlie rock from which the feld- spar was derived can often bo told. The augites have the characters of andesitic nugite. A little palagonite and one crystal of microline were seen.
The groundmass of the tufa is composed of comminuted and decomposed material derived from the lavas before described. I'l the groundmass trachytic and rhyolitic material appears to predominate.
This specimen was chosen for description, as it best represented the general char- acters of the tufas.
B. — Thk coakser deposit just above the shales.
This is Miore coarsely fragmental than any of the others, and is composed of a yel- lowish brown earthy groundmasi, holding fragments of quartz, fe' Ispar, basalt, etc. Some of the f agmcnts r»ppear to belong to the older rocks, but none of them were seen in the section. Under the microscope the tufa is similar to the first one described, but its fragments are larger and sometimes better marked. Somo kaolinized feldspars and a little biotite were seen. The hornblende in the aude-site is in the usual broken forms, with blackened edges.
C. — A SIMXIMKN FROM FIS'ER PORTION OK THE UPPER CON'TORTED REDS.
A yellowish earthy groundmass holding crystals and fragments of angite and feld- spar. On one side is a layer of fiiu detritus, composed of the same material as the groundmass of the more coarsely fragmental portion. Its microscopic characters are similar to those of A, except that its materials are more decomposed and sanidin is more abundant. One kaolinizsd feldspar was observed.
D.— TllIIEE SPECIMENS OF TIIK 1XSKCT-8HALE8.
Tliese are brownish and ,?rayi8h brown shales, being simply the finer material of the tufas laid down in laminaj of varying thickness and coarseness. One is very thinly bedded.
This volcanic material has evidently been worked over by water, but the conditions can of course best be told in the field. So far, however, as we can Judge by micro- scopic examination, when the water commenced its work the material was in loose unconsolidated deposits. That it was thrown out as an ash, or rather deposited as a moya near its present location, is the most probable supposition. It seems then to have been taken up by the waves and spread out as it is now found. The reason for this opinion is that the fragments are not worn, as they would naturally be if they had been derived directly from solid rock by water action, and the decomposition is not so great as we should expect. The deposition appears to have been gentle but compara- tively apid, for there is no sign of violence or even of such decomposition as we should expect in slow deposition ; sind showers of ashes falling on still water or a lake acting ou an unconsolidated tufa bank answer best the conditions called for here. It is
THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN. 25
probable from the kaolinized feldspars ami tbe macroscopic fraginente of apparently older rocks that tbe latter are present in tbe tufa to some extent. This can best be explained by the supposition that it was deposited as a moya or inudflow within reach of tbe waters that have worked it ever and deposited it in its present position. As we said before, tbe field evidence must be relied upon mainly in deciding such qnestions
as these.
M. E. Wadsworth. Oambridgb, Massachusetts, April 15, 1880.
Another section, less carefully measured and noted with less detail than the other, was taken at the extremity of one of the promontories jutting in a southwesterly direction into tiie middle of the upper chain of lakes, about three kilometers west -^^ ^'^'i present post-office. The top of the hill was covered with granitic gravti and loose bowlders of dark scoriaceous trachyte; below this we found, passing, as before, from above downward, tiie following succession:
SECTION IN THE NORTHWESTERN LAKE.
(By S. 11. Scuddir and A. Lakes.)
Decimeters (estimated).
1. Finely laminated yellow-drab 8liale§; no fossils 12
3. Coarse decomposing yellowish shales; no fossils 13
3. Fine compact drab shales; perfect remains of plants and insects 15
4. A'.-enaceons shales; very lignitic 6
5. Heavily. beddid, coarse-grained, orambling sandstone, of a grayish-yellow and whitish color, be-
coming fen'uginons in places; partially lignitic 60
6. Chocolate and drab colored shales having a conchoidal fractore, passing-below into whitish paper-
like shales inclosed between coarse arenaceous laminno ; plants and insects 45
Total thickness of shales above flooY deposits. (&.etors, estimated) 15
These measurements, being estimated, are undoubtedly too great. The composition of this bluff is coarser in character than that of the section in the southern extension of the lake. The lignitic beds, which have been used for quarrying purposes, contain numerous fragments of reeds and roots not well preserved. The lower portions of the section coridspc id better with the other than do the upper beds, where it is difficult to trace any correspondence ; No. 3 of the northwestern seems, however, to corre- spond to No. 16 of the southern series. The whitish paper shales lying at the base of this appear to be entirely absent from the southern section, and the distorted beds which crown the mesa are not apparent in the bluff, or, if present, are wholly regular. A more careful and detailed section of the bluff (for which we had not time), and particularly the tracing of the beds along the wall of the lake, would probably bring to light better correspond- ences.
26
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Judging from the present physical condition of the basin, its age is marked as later than the movements whicn closed the Cretaceous epoch and earlier than the last upheaval in the Tertiary, which seems to have taken place during or after Miocene times, but there are no physical data yet at hand to warrant definite conclusions on this head.
The insects preserved in the Florissant basin are wonderfully numer- ous, this one locality having yielded in a single summer more than double the number of specimens which the famous localities at Oeningen, in Bava- ria, furnished Heer in thirty years. Having visited both places I can tes- tify to the greater prolificness of the Florissant beds. As a rule the Oen- ingen specimens are better preserved, but in the sain amount of shale we still find at Florissant a much larger number of satisfactory specimens than ut Oeningen, and the quarries are fifty times as extensive and far more easily worked.
The examination of the immense series of specimens found at Floris- sant has not yet critically covered the whole field. It may, nevertheless, be interesting to make the single comparison with the Oeningen insect fauna which the number of individuals will furnish. This is indicated by the following table :
Percentage of representation by —
Hymenoptera Lepidoptera .
Diptera
Coleoptera . . Hemiptera - . Nenroptera . . Orthoptera . . Arachnida...
At Flo- rissant.
40
0.04 30 13 U
5
0.2.5
o.as
At Oen- ingen.
14
0.1
7
48 12 17
3
0.5
99.54
I
101.6
It will be seen that in all the orders that are well represented the pro- portion of specimens of each is very difierent, with the sole exception of the Hemiptera, while the same groups (Orthoptera, Ara«.nnida, and Lepi- doptera) are feebly represented in both. The greatest difference occurs in the Diptera, which are less than 7 per cent, of the whole at Oeningen and about 30 per cent, at Florissant; in the Hymeroptera, which have less than 14 per cent, at Oeningen and 40 per cent, at P'lorissant, due largely to the
THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN.
27
prodigious number of ants; while the case is reversed in Coleoptera, which form nearly one-half the specimens found at Oeningen and only 13 per cent, at Florissant. We possess no count of the specimens found at Rado- boj, in Croatia, which is regrettable, since the fauna of Florissant appears to agree much better with it than with any other in one or two points, such as the comparatively minor part played by the Coleoptera and the great number of ants; these latter number fifty-seven species in Radoboj, and five hundred specimens have been found of one of them. Still the comparison can not be carried very closely into other departments; for instance, only one rhynchophorous coleopteron has been reported from Radoboj, while they are very numerous and rich in species at Florissant, and local causes must have had much to do with the fauna of each of these localities. It is hardly worth while to institute any inquiries into the proportion of tl>e groups represented at Florissant and in amber, fiince the nature of the entombment is entirely different.
Since so far as the Florissant insects are concerned only the lower orders are reported upon in the present volume, it may be worth while to present a rapid sketch of the higher orders, to complete in however imper- fect a way the partial view of the Florissant insect fauna which the volume affords.
About three-fifths of the Coleoptera belong to the normal series and two-fifths to the rhynchophorous division. There are eighty to ninety spec- imens of Carabidae, including, perhaps, twenty-five species; many of them are very fine and perfect, especially in the sculpturing of the elytra. Water- beetles are not so numerous as would be anticipated; indeed, there are very few specimens, with perhaps half a dozen species; there are no large species such as occur abundantly at Oeningen; the largest of our species, perhaps an Hydrophilus, not exceeding twelve millimeters in length. The Staphy- linidsB are rather more numeious than the ground-beetles, with over thirty species, some of them tolerably large. There are half a dozen species of Nitidulidae. Some sixty or more Scarabjeida? show considerable variety, there being nearly thirty species among them. Nearly as many Buprestidae have quite as great variety of form; a consi'^erable number of them are large and nearly all fairly preserved, some remarkably perfect; one species, Chry- sobothris Laydeni, has been described. Elateridae are more abundant, num- bering more than one hundred species, many of them in beautiful condi-
28
TBttTIABir INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
tion ; they are abundant in species, over for having* been separated, and are mostly of a mediuni, none of a larjje, size. Considerably over one hundred specimens are to be referred to the Meloida;, Mordellid.T, and Mala- codermata, but the specimens do not appear to be very well preserved, although about forty species may be distinguished. The Cerambycidte are very bea tlful, furnishing thirty or more specimens, representing more than half SIS mnny species; one fine species of a new extinct genus, Parolamia rudis, has already been described, and there are others equally fine. There are a dozen or more species of Bruchidfp, one of which, Spermophagus vivi- ficatus, has been published. Chrysomelidae are not uncommon ; thus far I have recognized about two dozen species among the sixty or eighty speci- mens; one, Oryctoscirtetes protogseus, belonging to a new genus, has already been published. Nearly twenty species of Tenebrionidaj have been separated, rarely represented by more than a single specimen each, and there are also a few (from two to ten species each) of Silphidic, Histerida;, DermestidsB, Ptinida^, and Coccinellida-, and a single species each of Clerid.T and Telephorida;, the latter already described under the name of Chauliog- nathus pristiruis. Two specimens of Rhynchophora, Anthonomus defossus and Eurhiruis occultus, have been described ; I have already mentioned the predominance of this type in opposition to the European Tertiaries; the species are very numerous, nearly one hundred and twenty having been separated, with over five hundred specimens, and among them are a goodly number of large and fine species; but some of the minutest are most admi- rably preserved ; especially is this true of the sculpturing of the thorax and elytra; no attempt, however, has yet been made to do more than rudely separate the species, so that no details can now be given.
Nearly a third of all the specimens I have seen from Florissant belong to the Diptera. Culicidae and Chironomidae are abundant, but not gener- ally very perfect. Tipulidae are abundant and admirably preserved; of the larger forms alone there appear to be several hundred specimens, and appaiently a considerable number of species ; the smaller Tipulidae, including the Limnobina, ai*e also abundant and well preserved. Many beautiful Mycetophilidse occur, probably twenty or thirty species. Bibi- onidse are the prevailing type among the Diptera; there must be a thousand specimens belonging to this family, and on a cursory view there appears to be no great variety ; probably both here and in the ants, as in some gen-
THE FLORISSANT LAKK IJASIN.
29
cm of plants, it will appear that there are vast numbers of u single species ; a great many specimens are represented by bodies only, or these accom- panied by insignificant fragments of wings, but even putting all these aside there remain a goodly number with tolerably perfect wings, and some in which almost every part of the body is preserved ; taken as a whole, how- ever, they are perhaps less perfect than specimens of almost any other fam- ily. There are a dozen or more Stratiomyidte, of two or three species, and sevcal species of Midasidsc or Hirmoneuridae, one admirable specimen of the latter family having been described as belonging to a new genus under the name of Palembolus florigerus. There are nearly half a hundred Asi- lidae and Therevidjt, many of tiiem exquisitely preserved, some of great size, and among them a fair variety of forms. Bombylidsc are somewhat less abundant, but show some superb specimens of great size and in won- derful preservation ; there are certainly six or eight species. Syrphidse are more abundant than the last, nearly fifty specimens having been found in which the patterns of the abdominal colors are generally well marked, and among v/hich we find a considerable variety; they have been studied by one very familiar with that group. Dr. S. W. Williston, and the results of his examinations are given in his Synopsis of the North American Syrphidse (pp. 281-283), published by the U. S. National Museum. There is a vast host of Muscidie and allied groupts, of which no account has yet bt;en taken, and with which no doubt many other forms are still commingled, but three or four species of very pretty Ortalidaj may be mentioned with ten or a dozen specimens, and there are a large number of Empidse.
A few Lepidoptera occur. The butterflies, seven in number, have been described in the Eighth Annual Report of the present Geological Survey. They all represent distinct and extinct genera. Six of the seven belong to the Nymphalidai, the seventh to the Pierinaj. Of the Nymphalidaj all but one are Vanessidi. The exception is of special interest, since it belongs to the Libytheinse, the family of living butterflies the most meager in numbers, though found in every quarter of the globe. To be able to add that still an eighth butterfly, found since the others were described, belongs to a second extinct genus of Libytheinse (which I have called Barbarothea) is certainly marvelous. Besides these I have set aside about a dozen speci- mens of perhaps eight species of moths, but they are obscure, mostly of small size, perhaps Pyralidae or Tortricidae, and, excepting one described in
30
TKUTIAKY INSECTS OF NOUTU AMERICA.
this work, have not been critically studied. A single caterpillar has been found, and the structure ot' its skin has been studied by Dr. C. S. Minot,' but without any very satisfactory results.
No Hynienoptera have yet been described. About a do^en specimens are referred to Apidic and Andrenidic ; several species are represented, but most of them are badly preserved ; the lai-j^est appears to be a Bombus. Of Vespidai and other large wasp-like Hymonoptera about seventy or eighty specimens have been found, referable to about thirty species, one of which is a large Scolia or allied genus; several are Sphegido;, including an Ammophila; one, which seems to be a Polistes, shows traces of a blue- green metallic tint; another, api)arently one of the Pompilida3, represents a species with a large subapical fuliginous spot on the wing; another, perhaps of the same family, has a circular clear spot in the center of the wing, sur- rounded with fuliginous. The ants are the most numerous oi' all insects at Florissant, comprising, perhaps, a fourth of all the specimens; they form more than three-fourths, perhaps four-fifths, of all the Hynienoptera ; I have already about four thousand specimens of perhaps fifty species (very likely many more); they are mostly Formicida), but there are not a few Myrmicidic and some I'oneridje. I have noticed no Mutillida;. Ichneu- monida3 are very numerous ; of minuter forms, having an expanse of wing of less than a centimeter, there are nearly two hundred specimens, unusually well preserved ; judging from a cursory examination they are exceedingly numerous in species, perhaps nighty all told, and many genera are repre- sented; the larger forms, whose wings expand more than a centimeter, are even more numerous both in species and individuals, and most of them are very fine, including a great variety, among which are especially noticeable a good assortment of species of Pimpla and allied genera ; I have looked in vain for Pelecinus, or any long-tailed Rhyssse or Thalessae. The Bra- conidaj, Chalcididtn, Cy/iipidaj, and Chrysidse, exceeding!}' few fossil spe- cies of which have e' er been described, are very abundant, but have not been fairly separated from each other and from other small species; together they number ne'uiy two hundred and fifty specimens and probably fifty species; among others there is a Chrysis, showing metallic green reflections on the abdomen, and also more than naif a dozen species of Chalcididse, with expanded femora, represented by over twenty specimens.
> Arcb. f. mikr. Anat., vol. 28, pp. 46-47, 1886.
TIJE FLOUIHSANT LAKE BASIN.
81
Finally, there are about sixty Tenthredinida! of fourteen or fifteen species and several getiera, bcHides a single species of Uroceridai.
Animal remains besides those of insects are rare at Florissant. The most abundant is a species of thin-shelled Planorbis, which is not uncom- mon, and always occurs in a more or less crushed condition; it is the only moUusk yet found there (excepting a Physa or allied form and a single small specimen of a bivalve*, referred to above in the section from the south- ern lake), and according to Dr. C. A. White is probably undescribed, al- though very'siinilar to a species found in the Green River shales, differing from it principally in its smaller size.
Fishes rank next in numbers. Eight species have been found, belong- ing to four genera. Of Amiidae we have Araia scutata and A. dictyocephala ; of Cyprinodonts, Trichophanes foliarum and T. copei; of Catostomidw, Amyzon pandatum, A. commune, and A. fusiforme; and of Siluridee, Rhin- eastes pectinatus. All the species have been described by Cope, excepting T. copei, which was published by Osborn, Scott, and Speir.
Several bird's feathers have been found in these beds, and a single tol- erably perfect passerine bird, with bones and feathers, has been described by Mr. J. A. Allen under the name of Palreospiza bella, and admirably illus'.rated by Blake. No other figure of a Florissant animal has yet been published. Besides these, Cope has described a plover, Charodinus shep- pardianus, and writes that a finch is also found in these beds.
The plants, though less abundant than the insects, are exceedingly numerous, several thousand specimens having been studied by the late Mr. Leo Lesquereux. About one hundred and sixty species have been described or indicated, of which the apetalous plants show the larger number, sixty- eight species; the next most abundant group is the polypetalous division, forty species, the gamopetalous having twenty -five, the Coniferse eight, and the lower plants nineteen species.
Among the exogenous plants the following polypetalous families are rep- resented : the Malvaceae by a rare species of Sterculia, besides some flowers with long stamens, which are referred, doubtfully, to the genus Bombax. Of Tiliacea;, a species of Tilia has been found. Of Rutacere, one species of Ailanthus and one of Xanthoxylon. No less than ten species of Rhus rep- resent the Anacardiacese, and two species each of Paliurus and Rhamnus the Rhamnacese. The Celastrace% show three species of Celastrus and one
32
TKKTIAKY lNHB(rrH OK NORTH AMKttlCA.
of Culiistritc'H, known only l)y ti few lotiveH. The Hupindacuii! uro very nuniorons in individniilH; a HpecicH of Acer iu ropreHentod by leavcH, fiowors, and fruits, but not y<»t des'iribod ; I(3avoH of a Staphylea occur witii five Hpecios of SapinduH and one of Dodonii'a. '('lie flora has a hu'ge nund)or of LcguininoHU', eleven HpecioH occurring, of oiglit genera, CytiauH, Dal- bergin, Cercis, I'odogoniuni, CaHsia, LeguniinoHito^' Acacia and MinionitOH ; Lesquereux formerly referred some of them to Hobinia and Coluten. The Rosacea' show an Amygdalus, leaves of Rosa, and a species of Spiraea, with very finely preserved leaves of an Amelanchier, scarcely distinguish- able from some of the varieties of the living species. Numerous leaves of Weiiimannia of three species represent the 8axifraga(!oie, and, finally, a species of Aralia and another of lledera, the Araliacoic.
Among the gamopetalous plants the Kricacea) are represented by what is probably Vaccinium reticulatum Al. Br., together with a species of An- dromeda; no less than six species of Ilex represent the Acpiifoliaceje; two of Diospyros, and one each of Bumelia and Macreightia, the Sapotacea"!; a species of Myrsine, so common in the European Tertiaries, but in our coun- try represented only by this single leaf, the Myrsineae. Convolvulaceaj show two species of Porana, and the Apocynacea; a single species of Apo- cynophyllum.' Oleaceic have a flowering branch of Olea and eight species of PVaxinus, one regarded as identical with a European Tertiary plant.
The apetalous angiosperms show a great variety of foi-ms at Florissant, and among them many are referred to species from foreign Tertiaries. A species of Banksia and seven of Lomatia represent the Proteacea;; a species of Pimelia the Thymelaceae ; one of Santalum the Santalacejc. Urticaceaj are the most numerous of all plants; four species of Ulmus occur, one found also in the fjuropean Tertiaries; another formerly thought to be iden- ticsil with a second European species but now re^*; rded as distinct, and two others, one of them found also in western Col >r.iio; of Celtis there is one species, whose leaves have a close affinity to the existing C. occidentalis and its Texan variety ; two species of Ficus ai identical with European species ; but the mass of specimens — nearly or quite one-half of all that have been brought from this locality — represent species of Planera; two species only occur, one identical with a European form; the other known only from Flo- rissant and the White River, and in the former very variable; Lesquereux
' In tbo text of bis laat report Lesquereux refers this to Alkali, Wyoming, but in bis tabi') to FloriH- saut.
TUE FLOKI88ANT LAKE BASIN.
88
has seen nt leant two thouHuiul «pociiiu)ii8. TIio JuglaiulneeiP are ropre- HOiited by Mingle HpecinioiiH of I'tcrocurya anicricana and Juji^laiis tliurnialiH, besides two otiier Hpecioh ot'JuglanH, one of thoni Enrojjoan, tin'iH) of (Jarya, all European, and oni) Kngeliiardtia, also Kin'opean. Tiiu ('iipiilifera-rtliow one Hpeciort eacb of Ostrya and Castanoa, three of Carpiiius, one of them European, and seven of Quercus, of which five are Eur.ipoau species. 'Pho Myricacese are the next most abundant type after I'lanera, l)eing i-epresented by no I(;ss than fifteen species of Myrica, of wiiich six are European. Of Betulacea' two species of Hotida occur and two of Alnus, one of the latter European. i?ilicacea' are tolerably abundant; there are four species of Populus, all now regarded as European, though Les(piereu.\ first looked on them as new ; and two peculiar species of Sali.x, besides four identical with European species. Finally, there yre one or two undetermined plants in this group represented by parts of flowers or seeds.
Among the Conifene there is considerable variety, eight species ocjcur- ring, of si.K genera, most of them represented in the European flora. There are, first, two ipecies of Pinus, one P^uropean; a species of VViddringtonia; well preserved branches of a European Taxodium ; abundant remains of a European Glyptostrobus ; a couple of leaves of a European Podocarpus; as well fts two species of Sequoia, one European, the other indigenous. The presence of the last-aamed genus is also well attested "by their cones and by the remains of gigantic silicified trunks in an erect position.
Finally, in the lower orders of plants the following have been found : Of the Palniai, a large specimen of a Sabal and a fruit referred to Palmo- carpon ; of the Aracea;, a species of Acorus, first described from Spitzen- berg ; of the Typhacea;, finely preserved leaves of a Typha ; of the Naiad- aceaj, two species of Potamogeton and one of Najadopsis; of the Lemna- cese, a species of Lemna; of the Graminea;, fragments of leaves of Phrag- mites ; of Filices, numerous specimens of five genera, Spheno|)teris, Adian- tites, Lastra;a, Pteris, and Dipla/.ium, the last a European species; of Rliiz- ocarpa', many specimens of two species of Salvinia ; of Musci, one species each of Fontinalis and Hypnum, and of Characea;, two specimens of a Chara.
According to Mr. Lesquereaux, such aii assemblage of plants indicates a climate like that of the northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico at our epoch. "The preponderance of conifers, of shrubs, ... of trees of small
VOL XIII 3
34
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
size, . . , gives to the flora a general aspect wliicli reciills that of t'l.i vegetation of upl.inds or valleys of mountains." Palms are almost (Mitirely absent, only a single specimen of one species of Sabal having occurred, with a fruit of Palniocarpon. "The leaves of some sjjecies are extremely numer- ous, none of them crumpled, folded, or rolled, as if driven by currents, but flat, as if they had been embedded in the nuuldy surface of the bottom when falling from the trees or shrubs along the borders of a lake."
It is remarkable for the almost complete absence of hard fruits, and this, with the piusence of flowers, of unripe carpels of elm and niaple, and of well-proserved branches of Taxodium, which in the living species "are mostly detached and thrown upon the ground in winter time or early spring," led Mr Lesquereaux to believe that the deposition of the vegeta- ble materials took place in the spring time, and that the lake gradually dried during summer.
To this we may add that the occurrence of Acorns, of Typha, and espe- cially of Potamogeton, leads to the conclusion that the water of the lake was fresh, and not saline or brackish, equally proved by the fish, according to Cope, and by the presence of larvjc of Odonata and other insects whose earlier stages are passed only in fresh water.
Neither the gioups of fishes which have been found, nor the water-plants, nor the water-insecto, nor the niollusks exclude Mr. ].iesquereux's sugges- tion of the annual drying of the body of the lake : moreover, certain thin layers are found overlying coarser deposits, whith are sun-cracked through and through. But, on the other hand, the thickness of the paper shales, upon which most of the fossil remains are found, and which are compo.sed of uniform layers of triturated flakes of volcanic products, being necessarily the result of the long-continued action of water, excludes this idea. The structure of the rocks rather indicates a quiet deposition of the materials in an unruffled lake through long periods, interrupted at intervals by the influx of new lava-flows oi the burying of the bottom sediments beneath heavy showers of volcanic ashes.
The testimony of the few fishes to the climate of the time is not unlike that of the plants, suggesting a climate. Pi of. tl D. Cope informs me, like that at present found in latitude 3f)° in the United States; while the insects, from which, when they are completely studied, we may certainly draw more definite conclusions, api)ear from their general ensemble to prove the same
UMGMttiilMtaalM
THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN.
35
or a somewhat wanner climate. If wo inquire what testimony the ' >wor orders of Floriasant insects boar to the cHniato of tliat district in Tertiary times, there is only one answer to be giv^n: the present distribution of their allies certainly points to a considerably warmer climate than now — a climate which may, perhaps, best be compared to the middle zone of our Southern States. The known living species of the genera to which they l)olong are in general credited to regions like Georgia in tliis country and the two shores of the Mediterranean in Europe, or even more southern districts. Further remarks on this point will be found in the body of the volume.
As noted above, the superabundance of specimens of single species of plants (Planera and Myrica) is repented in the insects, where certain spe- cies of Formicidfc among Hymenoj)tera, of IJibionida' among Dipt?ra, of Cercopida and of Alydina among Hemiptera, are to be counted by fifties and hundreds.
I'he only other general feature which may already be noted among the insects is an unexpected paucity of aquatic larvjc or the imagos of water-insects. Hardly a dozen neuropterous larvje have come to hand, very few aquatic Hemiptera in any stage, and of Hydrophilidai and otlior water beetles no great number. The paucity of neuropterous larvje is the more remurkuble from the abundance of Phryganidu-, wliile not a single larva-case has been fou.id.
As to the age of these deposits, the opinions of Lescpiereux, based on t,he study of Tertiary plants, and of Cope, drawn from his knowledge of Tertiary fishes, are far more harmonious than one would expect from their known divergence of view concerning the testimony of the fossils to the age of other Tertiary beds in the West. Such disparity of ideas did hold at first, Mr. Lesquereux maintaining in his earlier notices of tiio flora the probability of its later Miocene age ; in the Tertiary Flora he placed it in the "Upper Green River" division of his "fourtii group," together with the flora of Elko, Nevada, the Green River beds being jjlaced dirctly beneath them. In Hay den's report for 1876 he refers the Florissant deposits lo the upper Miocene. In his review of Saporta's Uonde des Plantes,' while still considering this flora as Miocene, he points out certain Inqjortant relations which it bears to the flora of Aix, in Prov(»rc(S '.hen considered as Eocene.
' Ainer. .Tour. 8oi., ser. a, vol. 17, 187U, j). a79.
ii
36
TEIITIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Hut later, after a more careful revision, drawn from more extended sources, he writes that while, by the presence of many genera, " there is an evident relation of the Florissant flora with that of the European Miocene, yet by the affinities and even identity of some of the species with those of the flora of the gypsum of Aix, whicli, according to Saporta, includes typos related to those of the whole extent of the Tertiaries from the upper Cretaceous to the Oligocene and abo ve, I should rather refer this group to the lower Mio- cene or Oligocene."
Both Lesquereux and Cope agree in placing the Florissant beds at the same horizon as those of Elko, Nevada, and also those directly above the Fish-cut beds at Green River, Wyoming. Lesquereux lias identical si)ecies also from Wliita Ri/er, Colorado, among specimens communicated by Mr. Denton. Cope calls the Florissant and Elko dejjosits the Amyzon beds, fi from the prevalence of that type of fish, aiul refers them to the "later Eocene or early Miocene." IMr. Clarence King places the Green River deposits in the middle Eocene, but considers the Elko deposits of the same age. We maj- therefore provisionally conclude, from the evidence afibrded by the plants and vertebrates, tha*- the Florissant beds belong in or near the Oli- gocene.
At present no geological conclusions can be drawn from what is known of the insects. So far as specific and generic determinations has proceeded, scarcely anything identical has been found in the Green River and Floris- sant beds, but some remarkable affinities have been noticed. To attempt, however, to draw any conclusion as to the age of either of these deposits, and especially of that of Florissant, before a closer examination is made would be folly. Almost the entire series of fossil insects from the beds of Aix, Oeningen, and Radoboj requires a cai-eful generic revision, and until thici is done it will be difficult to make much use of the information given us in the works of European authors. This should not be considered as reflecting upon the character of these works, for it must be remembered that they were nearly all .completed thirty years ago and could not be expected to meet present demands. It is, indeed, probable that the richer American fields, the exploitation of which has only just begun, may yet be found the best basis for the study of the relationship of the Tertiary insect faunas of Europe.
White i?/j;('i.— Fossil insects were first discovered on the lower White River in western Colorado and eastern Utah by Mr. William Denton during
■.-■■I r ■■iff
i
OTHER TERTIARY INSEOT LOCALITIES.
37
\ r
his passage down the river on horseback in 1865, and his brief and cursory account of the geological structure of the region is, I believe, the first and only one until the parties of the Hayden Survey entered the region ten or more years later. Brief reports of the geological and topographical character of the country were made by Drs. C. A. White and F. M. Endlich, and Messrs. G. B. Chittenden and G. R. Bechier. None of these, however, obtained ay insects, excepting Dr. White, who in a single locality found a few poor specimens. On a visit to the place in the summer of 1889, how- ever, I was able to rediscover the beds in which the)' were found by Mr. Denton east of the Colorado-Utah line, and to greatly oxtend the stations at which they could be found. In the two localities on the lower W hite River where Denton found fossil insects, "Chagrin Valley" and "Fossil Canon," as he called them, the general topographical features were the same, bluffs or b'ittes of a thousand or more feet in thickness being composed of evenly bedded stratified deposits. "Chagrin Valley" must be identified with the valley of Douglas Creek, though it was not here but five or six miles lower down the White River that Denton really obtained his fossils, at a point where, to one traveling westward. Green River beds first appear in mass and are readily accessible, probably in the immediate vicinity of Canon Butte, where the old Indian trail on the south side of the river cuts off a sharp bend and passes directly over many favorable outcrops. It was in fact at pre- cisely this place that I obtained from the rocks collections agree* ng most closely in general appearance and character with those secured by Denton This locality is in Colorado a few miles east of the Utah boundary. His other locality is represented by him to be fifty or sixty miles fiirther down the river, but still at some distance from its mouth. The distance is no doubt exaggerated, and the locality on the north side of the river, certairdy in Utah, not improbably near the mouth of Red Bluff Wash. I made no search for this place.
It may in brief be said that the Green River beds in the bluffs on each side of the White River Canon near the boundary line between Utah and Colorado, but especially on the northern side, are filled for over a thousand feet with insect remains; the highest and the lowest beds respectively yielded me the best results, but hardly a level could be found where patient search did not reveal some relics, though perhaps of no value; tlie more prolific beds were oftentimes simply crammed with remains, frequently in
38
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
an exquisite state of preservation. Vegetable remains, excepting of a very fragmentary nature, were rare, and most of tb j insects, like tbose obtained by Denton, of a small size; excepting, indeed, dipterous larva-, whicb were found in quite incredible numbers, square rods of stone near the higher levels being absolutely covered with them in multitudes of places.
The insec^'5 obt;^ined by Mr. Denton and Dr. White at these localities are all included in the present volume, but no reference is made to those found by myself in 1889. The age of the deposit can hardly be said to be as yet determined, but the leaves found by Mr. Denton (presumably at "Fossil Canon") were regarded by Mr. Lesquereux as more certainly synchronous with those of Florissant than with those of the Green I!iver beds, and in any event all three are of very nearly the same age.
Gree/ti Eivet\ Wyoming. — All the insects described in this volume from Green River were obtained at a single spot, next what is known as the Fish- Cut, where the railway cuts tlirough the rocks, about three or four kilome- ters west of the crossing of Green River. Even here they have been found only within the compass of one or two square meters of ground, and by repeated visits this " pocket" has now been entirely chipped away. There is no doubt that other equally prolific pockets will be found in the same immediate vicinity, especially in the more favorable exposures east of the river, as one such was found during the summer of 1889. It is by no means improbable that the beds at this locality and those at White River may prove to belong to the floor of one and the same Tertiary lake to which King gave the name of Gosinte Lake. About one hundred and fifty different insects have been found here, besides many others not yet descrbed. They are most commonly Coleoptera, this order being represented by fully one-third of the species Hemiptera and Diptera come next with almost equal representation, or about twenty-three per cent each. Next come the TIjnnnoptera with eight per cent. The other orders are aboxit equally and meagerly represented, the Lepidoptera not at all.
Fossil, Wyomiiif). — A few species of insects have been found in the bluffs facing the town of Fossil at the head of Twin Creek, a tributary of Bear River, blnfTs which are famous for the immense number of fossil fish they have furnished. As a rule the insects are scarce, and, like the fish, belong to a very limited number of species, in this case mostly Coleoptera and Diptera. In the |)resent work only two or three are mentioned.
OTHER TERlx-a.xvx INSECT LOCALITIES.
39
Horse Creek, Wyominy. — At a point three miles south of this creek, which empties into the Green River from the west near its source, and about two miles west of Green River, a thin, hard layer of white limestone was found by Dr. A. C. Peale covered with petrified larval cases of caddis- flies, which are described below under the name of Indusia calculosa.
Quesnel, British Columbia. — The discovery of the different localities for fossil insects in British Columbia by the Geological Survey of Canada has been due entirely to the investigations of Dr. George M. Daw. on. On the left bank of the Fraser River, at the town of Quesnel, he discovered a series of clays, sands, and gravels, their upturned edges covered by the valley deposits, in one of which series (a stratum of fire-clay eight or nine inches thick) insects and plants were found, the beds being exposed on the river bank at a low stage of the water. Nearly twenty species of plants were met with, mostly of apetalous families in the neighborhood of the Cupuli- ferse, such as the beech, walnut, oak, birch, and poplar, and a considerable number of insects. Such of these as are included in the present report con- sist of twenty-five species, nearly all Hymenoptera and Diptera, and espe- cially the latter, and, what is very unusual, only a single beetle. Sir Will- iam Dawson, who determined the plants, regarded them as to a great extent identical with those from the Miocene of Alaska, but adds: " Whether the age of these beds is Miocene or somewhat older may, how- ever, admit of doubt." Apart from an uncharacteristic egg-cocoon of a spider, none of the insect remains can be regarded as identical with any found elsewhere.
Nicola, North Similkameen, and Nine Mile Creek, British Columbia. — The other localities at which remains of insects have been found, though in smaller numbers, lie at no gi-eat distance apart to the south of Quesnel and south of the Canadian Pacific Railway, near our own border. One of these localities is upon the Nicola River, two miles above its junction with the Coldwater, at the base of a series of beds containing coal. Another is on the North Fork of the Similkameen River, three miles from its mouth; the beds here, on the bank of the river, "include a layer of lignite about a foot thick, which rests in black, rather earthy, carbonaceous clays, and is overlain by fifteen feet or more of very thinly bedded almost paper-like yel- low gray siliceous shales," which contain plants and insects. The third is on Nine Mile Creek, flowing into Whipsaw Creek, a tributary of the Similka-
40
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
meen, where a small section of hard laminated clays occurs with layers of softer arenaceous clay. Seven species were obtained from the first-named locality, five from the second, and four from the third. The Nicola locality' is remarkable for yielding only Coleoptera; from Nine Mile Creek come three species of Coleoptera and one of Hemiptera; while the Similkameen locality, like Quesnel, affords us Hymenoptera, Dipter , and Hemiptera — three species of the last — but nt) Coleoptera. 'J'here can be no doubt, Dr. Dawsoii informs me, "that the specimens from the North Similkameen and Nine Mile Creek represent deposits in different portions of a single lake. A silicifying spring, probably thernifa, must, however, have entered the lake near the first-named place, as evidenced by the character of some of the beds, in which fragments of plants, with a few fresh-water shells, have been preserved." The insects of each locality are specifically distinct from those of any of the others As to their age, Dr. Dawson, the only geologist who has studied them, remarks that we shall "probably err little in continuing to call the Tertiary deposits of the interior as a whole Miocene, and in correlating them with the beds attributed to tho same period to the south- ward in the basin lymg east of the Sierra Nevada."
Scarhoro, Ontario. — In the vicinity of Toronto, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, Mr. George J. Ilinde has discovered vegetable and animal remains in thin seams in clay beds which he regards as interglacial, lying as they do upon a moral'ial till of a special character and overlain by till of another and quite distinct kind. Ilis account of the locality and the reasons for his conclusioiis \r- e been given by him in full.' Among the material found by him wa.^. .i considerable number of the elytra and other parts of beetles, an assemblage indeed larger than has ever before been found in such a deposit in any part of the world, and they are mostly in excellent condi- tion. Twenty-nine species have been obtained, some of them in consider- able numbers. Five families and fifteen genera are represented ; they are largely Carabidaj, there being six or seven species each of Platynus and Pterostichus and species also of Patrobus, Bembidium, Loricera, and Elaph- rus. The next family in importance is the Staphylinida;, of which there aro five genera, Geodromicus, Arpedium, Bledius, Oxyporus, and Lathro- bium, each with a single species. The Hydrophilidjc are represented by Hydrochus and Helophorus, each with one species ; and the Chrysomelidse
' CauotUau Jour. Sci., new hpi'Ios, vol. I'', 1887, pp. 36H-413.
OTHER TERTIARY INSECT LOCALITIES.
41
by two species of Donacia. Finally, a species of Scolytida; must have made certain borings under the bark of juniper.
Most of these are described and figured in the present volume. Looking at them as a whole and noting the distribution of the species to which they seem to be most nearly related, they are plainly indigenous to the soil, but would perhaps be thought to have come from a somewhat more northern locality than that in which they were found ; not one of them can be referred to existing species, but the nearest allies of not a few of them are to be sought in the Lake Superior and Hudson Bay region, while the larger part are inhabitants of Canada and the northern United States, or the general district in which the deposit occurs. In no single instance were any special affinities found with any characteristically southern forms, though several are most nearly allied to species found there as well as in the north. A few seem to be most nearly related to Pacific forms, such as the Elaphrus and one each of the ' Pdcies of Platynus and Pterostichus. On the whole, the fiiuna has a boreal aspect, though by no means so decidedly boreal as one would anticipate under the circunjsttmces.
Port Kennedy, Pennsyhmma.— The only locality remaining to be noticed is Port Kennedy, in southeastern Pennsylvania, where the clays in the bone caves have furnished about a dozen species of Colooptera, described by Dr. G. H. Horn, in 1876, but now first figured. His descriptions are reprinted in the present work, with the results of my own study of the same material.
DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
MYKIA.PODA. Liim6.
Myriapoda from the Tertiary rocks are almost unknown, a single species a little larger than ours having been figured by Bertkau from Rott under the name of lulus an tiquus Hey den. Other specif^s have been indicated. Serres, for instance, speaks of one found near Montpellier, allied to the living I. sabulosus, and this mention has been quoted by Meyer, Keferstein, and Geinitz. Hope also catalogues one from Aix, and Cotta mentions one, per- haps I. terrestris, from Tharand, Saxony, which is probably a recent inclosure, and is quoted by BruUd and Berendt. Besides these diplopods Hope catalogues a Scolopendra from Aix, and Keferstein, on the authority of Aldrovandi, mentions a Scolopendra from Glarus, in Switzerland.
The Baltic amber, however, contains a considerable number of species, twenty diplopods having been recorded and most of them described, belong- ing to the genera Craspedosoma (seven speciies), IVdyxenus (five species), lulus (four species), and Euzonus, Lophonotus, Blaniulus, and Polydesmus (one species each). The chilojwds have a less number of species, fifteen, representing the genera Lithobius (eight species), Geophilus (tlu-ee species), and Cermatia and Scolopendra (two species each). All these genera excepting Euzonus are represented among living forms.
The single species found in America belongs to the diplopods. (No- vember, 1881.)
Order DIPLOF»033^ Gervais.
Family IUL.IDJEL Leach.
As in the case of the Rott species described by Bertkau, the form described below is only referred to the genus lulus in a broad sense, its preservation being very defective. It is smaller than the European species.
43
44
TERTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
lULUS Linnd.
lULUS TELLirSTER.
PI. 0, Pig. 15.
lulu, Mlutler Sc.Kl.ler, Bull. U. S. Geol. Siirv. Terr., vol. 4, 1878, p. 776.
The Single specimen is so fni-nientaiy that it can only be referred to lulus m a broad generic sense. The piece is composed of ten or twelve segments, probably from near the middle of the body, lying in a strai.rht hue and crushed, with no trace of any appendages. Tl.e'segments appear to be composed of a short anterior and a larger posterior division, ea.h independently and very slightly arched; the posterior division is nbont twice as long as the anterior, and each is transversely, regularly, and very finely striate, parallel to the anterior and posterior margins of the segments I he foramina can be detected on some of the segments, and by their aid the width of the body can be more accurately determined.
As crushed, the body is 2.3-"' broad, but its probable true width is 1.5""", while the segments are each about O.S""™ long; the fragment pre- served measures 8.5 ™™ long.
Green River, Wyoming, one specimen, No. 154, F. C. A. Richardson.
The object represented on PI. 12, Fig. 1, was at one time thought to be a myriapod and accordingly figured, but examination proved it to be the broken section of the cone of Sequoia, not uncommonly found at Florissant
ARACHNIDES Latreille.
Up to the present writing a little more than two imiulrcd and fifty species of Arachnides have been described as found in Tertiary dopt.sits. Of these about one hundred and ninety are true spiders, while the remainder are mostly Acarina (thirty-seven species), Opiliones (eleven species), (uCher- netidsB (nine species). All but a single species, Aranea cohunbia^, described below, are from European beds, and nine-tenths of them are preserved to us in the Eocene amber. Were this means of restoring the ancient Tertiary fauna unknown to us, our information at the .present day -vould be based upon twenty-four species, although in addition to these half a dozen more are indicated by simple reference to genera or tamilies. This number is already exceeded by those described below from a single locality, Florissant alone having yielded more than thirty species. Whether we examine the Ameri- can or European species preserved in stratified deposits we find an almost total absence of any but true spiders or Araneides; in each (including the one herewith figured) a single species of Acarina has been described, though a number of others are credited without description to European strata. In Prussian amber, on the contrary, though Araneides are vastly in the majority, the other groups of Arachnides form 27 per cent of the entire number of species, distributed mainly in the three groups mentioned above. This greater proportion of true Araneides in Tertiary deposits, a pro- poition exaggerated at the present day, can scarcely be well compared to what we find in the older deposits, from the extreme paucity of their remains in the latter. Brodie has found only a single species (whicli he considers a true araneid) in the secondary strata of England, and the European Jura has furnished merely half a dozen arachnids (nominal species, perhaps reducible to four), of which only a ^-ingle one is referable to the Araneides, Hasseltides, considered one of the Agalenides by Weyenbergh. In the paleozoic formations, again, a dozen species are known, all but three of which have been considered scorpions, Phrynida; or Chernetida;, or else placed in their vicinity, while one of the other three has not been placed
46
46
TKRTIAKY INHKC-TS OF NOKTII AMKIUCA.
by itH (loHcrihcr uinoiijrt,|i« truo.tpiflui'H, hut naiiKJtl Artlirolycomi only f'ntin itH Hoiiiitvvliiit iniirkud iiniuoid fmitiires. TIk* roinuiiiiii^ t\v« uro nm- Hidorod by thoir dosinibcirs us triio ariuioidim and Heoin to be tho only trny procurHors of this frronp known to U8 fVonj tho pul(M>zoic rocks; tho propor- tion therefore of tho Anuieides to other Aruchnides is reversed between Paleozoic and (-enozoic times.
In the present vohinie we are able to more than double the number of Ar.ichnides- (apart from t\w ainl)er indosiints) whieh are hitherto known from Tertiary strata, and, as we shall see further on, find some interesini^ points of comparison between the European and Amuricun spider fauna of Tortiary times. (February, 1881.)
Since the above was written the number of known Paleozoic Arach- nides has greatly increased and a large proportion of them have been placed in a distinct order, Anthraconiarti Karsch, with, eight or ten genera. (Octo- ber, 18Sf>.)
In the classification of the remains of these animals, from the almost complete absence of such characteristic parts as the details of tlus structure of the ocelli and palpi, it has been i.ipossible to do much more than to indi- cate the probable affinities of the species to living types by menus of the general resembl vices which the for»u of the cephalothorax and abdomen and the relative length of the legs furnish. In a few instances these can hardly fail to furnish us with sufficiently clear evidence, while in others the reference is plainly open to .» greater or less d-igree of doubt, which it is hoped future material will eventually extinguish.
Order ^CARIN.A Nitzsoh.
Acarina are by no means rare in Tertiary deposits, the group being better represented than any other Arachnides excepting the true spiders, and it is quite in keeping with this fact that the only arachnid yet discov- ered in the American strata not belonging to the Araneides should fall in this group. Yet the group is unrepresented even in Mesozoic strata, while the scorpions and their allies, nearly unknown in Tertiary beds, are pro- })ortionally abundant in earlier times. The amber of the Baltic is partic- ularly rich in Acarina, thirty-five species being recorded therefrom, while apart from the Araneides this group is almost if not quite the only one rep- resented in the stratified deposits of Europe; feebly represented, indeed.
sasK
ARACHNIDK8-ACAR1NA.
47
for we have only one specieH (refenod to Lirnnoihiinfrt) .leHciilied hy I ley- den fron« Uott; iinotlKU- from the mime locality ImHed njxm lenf-<?allH and called IMiytoptUH anticiuuH, and a third indicated merely (AcaruH) by Hoer, aH fimnd at Oeninjjen. (November, 1H81.)
Gourret IniH latterly deHcribod amonj? the arachnids of Tertiary Aix a couple of genera of Acarina with one species each which lie regards as belonging to the Trombididie. (Oct<»ber, 18H!».)
IXODES Latreille.
No fossil species liave before been referred to this genus or anywhere near it. The nearest is Acarus, which is only distantly related, belonging indeed to a distinct subfamily. The species of Ixodes, like other ticks, bury themselves in the flesh of animals to juck their blood. (November, 1881.)
Ixodes tertiarius. PI. 6, Fig. 12.
Ixodti tertiaritu Soudder, aittel, Handb. d. Pal«ont., I, ii, 733, Pig. 906 (1885).
Although there are few definite salient points in the structure of the single specimen known, its general appearance and its size make it tolerably evident that it belongs to the Ixodidae or Ricini and probably to Ixodes proper. The body is of a very regular obovate form, twice as lo.ig as broad, with a slight indication of a frontal shield of a triangular shape (not represented in the plate and perhaps illusory), formed by two sulcations meeting at right angles and terminating just within the front pair of legs on either side. The rostrum is not preserved, but the right palpus (poorly given on the plate) is slender and 0.2""° long, or rather projects beyond the body to that amount. Nearly all the legs are present, but, the hinder legs of the left side have been crowded out of place and appear on the right side below those which properly belong there, and which apparently are the upper four there seen. The legs are apparently complete, except the terminal appendages, as they all taper rather rapidly at the end, after the manner of ticks; they are stout, short, and of similar length, extending beyond the body by about the width of the latter.
Length of body, .3.5"""; breadth of same, 1.7.5""".
Fish-Cut, Green River, Wyoming. Dr. A. S. Packard, No. 258.
48
TERTIARY INSE0T8 OF NORTH AMERICA.
Order J^KA.NEir>ES Latreille. As stated .above, by far the hirj^er part ot the fossil Arachnides known are true spiders, about one lumdred and ninety species liaving been described from the Tertiary deposits of pAirope, and more than thirty Ixiny added to the total list in this volume. These last are distributed anutni' the larger grou])s as follows: Saltigrada3 (all Attides), three; Citigradio, none; Laterigradie (all true Thoniisides), three; Territelari;e, none; Tubi- telariic (.Agalenldes, one; Drassides, five; Dysderides, two):zeight; Retite- larisc (all Theridides), four; Orbitelariiu (all Ejjeirides), fourteen zr thirty- two. By this it appears that nearly half are Epeirides, and that after these* the Drassides ;u'e best represented. A comparison of this result with the fossil spiders of Europe is shown by the following table, in which the per- centages of the groups represented are compa'.od in each country with the total representation in each:
Percentages of groups of Ttrtiary spiders in Earope and in Jmerica.
|
SuborderH. |
Purcuiituge. |
|
Europe. 1 America. ! |
|
|
Siiltiif radiu ... .................. .... |
8 U l(i 0 3(i 34 31) 13 8 44 |
|
Laterigrudti^ |
|
|
'i iibiteluriic ...... ...... ...... |
|
|
Retitelariu) ., -..-.. |
|
|
t»7 , l»rt 1 |
This sliows that America is far the richer in Orbitelarijv, and Europe much better represented in Ketitelariix;:, less but still considerably better in Laterigradjv .and Tubitelaria\ while the Saltigrada^ have an almost ecjuiv- alent representation in the two countries.
If, however, we eliminate from the inquiry the species entombed in amber, and compare only tho: j recovered from the rocks in which they have been preserved, we shall reach perhaps a more just comparison, although the data will be far more meager, America with its thirty-two species being actually better represented than Europe with its twenty-two species, all belonging to the same five larger groups which are represented in America.
ABACHNIDES— ARANEIDB8. 49
Peroentaget ofqroup* of Tertiary apideri in Europe and America, exolndlng those found in amher.
Soltorders.
Saltigrodfe . LatfrigradiB Tiibilelnria! RetitelariiB . Orbitelariu).
|
Perce 11 tano. |
|
|
Europe. |
Ainorioa. |
|
0.5 20 23 41 14 |
9 9 24 13 44 |
|
98. .S |
08 |
The excess of proportion in America of Orbitelarise ia here nearly as great as is shown in the former table, but is not so great as the now height- ened proportion in Europe of Retitelariae, while the Tubitelariae are now the ones in which the proportion is similar in each, the Laterigradaj the only one where the proportion remains nearly the same as before, and the Saltigrada3 are nearly lost sight of in Europe, a single species being known.
If now we carry the analysis a little further we shall find more inter- esting relations, as will appear from the following table, in which all the groups represented in Europe are introduced, and both the total fauna and the species from the strata tabulated :
Number ofspeoiee of Tertiary npidere found in Europe and in America, byfamiliei.
|
Suborders. |
Families, |
In Europe, inclmliii); those ill amber. |
In Europe, exclndinK thoHe ill amber. |
III Ainorioa. |
|
Attides |
14 3 3 4 •Jl (i 1 14 3ri 12 3 3 1 54 16 |
I 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 |
3 0 0 0 3 0 0 J 5 3 0 0 0 4 14 |
|
|
rtttlcrj'Adm |
Kr6Hoidffi .... ...■ .--. |
|||
|
LycosoidsB .... .... .... |
||||
|
TArritelariiB .... . ...... |
||||
|
Uticortaiu ThevBphosoidm |
||||
|
Rflt itAlariiE) - . . |
DrnHsideB |
|||
|
Herailioidffi ... .... .... |
||||
|
SoytodoidfiD |
||||
|
Tberididos |
||||
|
EpeirideB |
||||
VOL XIII-
50
TERTIARY INbECIS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Here it appears at a glance that exactly the same groups are represented in the stratified deposits of Europe and America in every instance, except- ing the Dysderides, which is unrepresented in Europe and has a single meniber in America. It also appears that only those groups which- are represented abundantly in amber (and all of them) are also represented to some extent in the American fauna and (excepting, as before, the Dysder- ides) in the European rocks. Exception should perhaps be made for the European amber genus Archa;a, the position of which in the Laterigradse is uncertain, and of which Thorell says: "This genus may perhaps for the present best be taken as the type of a separate family" of Laterigradse (European spiders, p. 232). Six species are known, and they are classed above as uncertain. The relation brought out in this table is certainly striking, but it should be noticed at the same time that the Drassides and Theridides, and especially the latter, are enormously rejjresented in the Bal- tic amber, and in comparison with them (though not by any means to the same extent, in comparison with the other groups) feebly represented in the stratifier" deposits of Europe and America.
We may venture one further investigation, althougli little weight can be given to it from the meagerness of the data, viz, a comparison of the per- centage of representation of the different larger gi'oups in the different horizons of Tertiary times in Europe with that of Florissant, where all the American species so far known have been found.
Percentage of groups of Tertiary spiders of Florissant, Colorado, compared with those of Europe.
Suborders.
SaltigradiB . Laterigrado) TubitelsriiB Retitelario) . Orbitelarin.
Plorifiaant.
Amber and
Aix; Ligu-
rian (Oligo-
oeno).
9
9
24
12
44
98
9 10 37
28 8
Rott; Aquitauian
(Lower Miocene).
0 13 25 37 25
100
OeningeD ; Tortonian
(Upper Miocene).
0 30 30 30 10
100
As this table shows so great a difference between the percentage of representation in the Oligocene and Lower Miocene of Europe that it can scarcely prove very instructive, it still seems to indicate a greater difference between the Florissant deposits and those of Oeningen than between the
AEACHNIDES— AiJANEIDBS.
51
former and either cf the others ; and although the proportionate numbers of Tubitelariae and Orbitehiriae of Florissant and especially of the former group are more nearly like those of Rott, the representation of the groups in general allies Florissant on the whole with the Oligocene rather than with the Lower Miocene of Europe.
Of extinct genera there have certainly been proposed a very large num- 1 n- for the European Araneidae, more than half the genera to which the species have been referred having been described as new and peculiar to Tertiary times; these genera include about two-fifths of the species. Among the genera are some remarkable forms, such as Ai'chsea and Mizalia, each of which is considered by Thorell andotnersas representing a distinct family.' Two only of the thirteen genera to which the American species are referred are described as new, and to them are referred seven of the thirty-two spec'es. Other genera, not before recognized in a fossil state, but here i-ecorded from American strata, are Titanoeca, Tetragnatha, and Nephila. To enter into details, seventy-one genera of Araneidaj have been described from the Tertiaries, sixty-six from Europe, f.nd thirteen (below) from America, eight being common to both. Of these seventy-one genera thirty- seven are accounted axtinct, thirty-five from Europe, and two from America, none of these being found in both countries. The European genera are, as may be suppo.sed, largely composed of amber species, no less than fifty- two, including thirty-two c tinct genera, being confined to amber deposits, besides others which they possess in common with the stratified beds.
If it be asked what indication . the fossil spiders of Florissant give as to the climate of that district in I'ertiary times, there is but one answer which can be given: that the present distribution of their al s certainly points to a considerably warmer climate than now, a climate which may perhaps best be compared to the middle zone of our Southern States. The known living species of the genera to which they belong are in general credited to regions like Georgia in this country and the two shores of the Mediterranean in Europe ; but our own species are so little known that nothing can be said very definitely upon their immediate relationship with exotic or indigenous forms. The presence of species of Theridium, Linyphia, Tethneus, and Epeira, including two-fifths of the species, has no special significance, but Thomisus, Segestria, Clubiona, Anyphtena, and Titanoeca, and especially
I A good critical reviovr of the described fossil species of Araneides will \m found ia Tliorell's Euro- pean Spident, p'p. 'JiKi-^3.
52
TERTIARY IN8KCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Parattus, Tetragnatha, and Nephila certainly present an ensemble the indi- cations of H ■ A can not be overlooked. (November, 1881.)
Since the above was written a notable addition to our knowledge of the Arachnides of Tertiary Europe has been made by Gourret in a paper on those of Aix, in which among others eighteen species of Araneides are described, including Eresoidas (t.vo species), Lycosoida3 (two species), Theraphosoidse (one species), Dysderidos (one species), Hersilioidse (two species), Urocteoidai (two species), Enyoida3 (one species), none of which families had before been found in European rocks, and the last two not even in amber. (O r»ber, 1889.)
In the measurements of legs in the Araneides the length of the femur is the distance of the apex of the femur beyond the margin of the cephalo- tliorax, no account being taken of the coxa, unless it is specially mentioned; so too the first joint of the tarsus, which according to arachnologists is con- solidated with the tibia, is here regarded (in the measurements) as a f .^rtof the tibia, and the second and third joints of the tarsi are alone measured as tarsi, except when, as in Tethneus hentzii and Tlioraisus defossus, separate account is taken of them.
Suborder SALTIGRAD^ Latreille.
As in the north temperate zone to-day, so in Tertiary times, the two families of Saltigradai, Attides and Eresoida^, are very unequally represented in species, only two fossil species of the latter family being known against seventeen of the former. The two Eresoidae are amber species; of the Attides, thirteen are known from amber, one from Aix in Provence, and three from Florissant, Colorado, described below. (November, 1881.)
Since this was written Gourret has described one species of each of these tv'O families from Aix.
Family ATTIDES Koch.
The fossil species of this family of jumping spiders hitherto recorded are all confined to the Prussian amber excepting one, a sjiecies referred to a new genus, Attoides, described by Brongniart from Aix. Tiie amber species are referred to four genera, ICuophrys (one), Gorgopis (live), Pro- petes (five), and Steneattus (one), besides an undescribed species referred by Menge to Salticus. The species of Gorgopis were formerly referred to Phidippus, a genus richly represented to-day in North America, and it
AKACHNIDES-ARANEIDE8-SALTIGUADJ5.
53
18 therefore interesting^ to notice that t'le three species described below and referred to a new and aberrant genus of the family, Parattiis, are more nearly related to Gorgopis than apparently to any other known, and that the amber genus contains nearly one-half of the species of this fatnily pre- served in Europe from Oligocene times. The species of this family are spread all over the world, both in tropical and temperate regions, but seem to be comparatively rare in Africa south of the desert. (November, 1881.) Gourret has added another species from Aix, referred to an extinct
genua, Attopsia.
PARATTUS, gen. nov. (;ra>o?, aTtoo).
The three species here referred to the Attoidae seem to belong to a dis- tinct genus allied to Gorgopis of the Prussian amber, in that the posterior eyes are placed far behind the others, but differing markedly from that, as from all members of the family, so far aa I know, in two points: (I) The exterior eyes of the first row are placed a little in advance of the median pair of the same row, and (2), more particularly, they are as large as or scarcely smaller than these median eyes. The anterior row, therefore, is formed of four very large, nearly equal and nearly equidistant eyes, arranged in a gentle curve opening forward; the eyes of the second row, so far as known, are minute and situated within and behind and in close proximity to the median eyes of the anterior row, while those of the third row, so far aa known, are of medium size, placed at a greater or less dis- tance apart in the middle of the cephalothorax, as in the American genua Phidippua and the amber Gorgopis. The American genus Phidippus is confined to the warmer parts of the continent and to a large extent to the tropics, so that the presence of this somewhat allied genus indicates, so far as such analogy indicates anything, a warmer climate in early times for Florissant.
TahU of the ipemea of Parattut.
Cephalothorax and abdoiiiPii well rounded, with convex sides ...1. P. reiurreotiiH.
Cenhalothorax quadrate, with nearly 8tri>ight sides.
Small species ; cephalothorax less than twice as long as broad ; abdomen quadrate.. 2. P.evocatut.
Large species ; cephalothcrax more than twice as long as broad ; abdomen round .. .3. P. laittatM.
1. PaKATTUS RESURBECTU8. PI. 11, Fig. 26 ( 9 ?).
Cephalothorax broad oval, subquadrate, the aides gently convex, the two ends broadly rounded; front regularly semicircular; the two middle eyes of the anterior row very large, circular, situated just behind the front edge; the lateral eyes of the same row nearly or quite as large, circular,
54
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERIOA.
forming with these a very slightly curved row, opening forwards, of equi- distant eyes. Eyes of second row from one-eighth to one-tenth the size of those of the first row, situated behind and within the middle anterior pair, so that lines drawn through the middle of the large and small ones would meet in a right angle behind the small ones and leave them distant from each other by about their own diameter; the outer edge of either of the small ones is behind the inner edge of one of the large ones ; the eyes of the third row are not discernible on either of the specimens, and on one the lateral eyes, on the other the eyes of the second row, can not be seen.
Palpi of the male with the tip very large, conchiform, as if made of three whorls, the middle twice as large as the other two together and sub- globose, the terminal small and globular. Only one palpus is exposed, but the other may partially be seen through the cephalothorax. Abdomen short ovate, somewhat larger than the cephalothorax, being somewhat longer and slightly broader, subacuminate at tip, with a pair of short styles darkest in a broad mediodorsal band. Legs moderately long and slender, subequal, not greatly tapering, furnished throughout and rather abundantly with generally alternate, divergent, long, and tapering spines, fully as long as tilt width of the joint from which they rise.
Length of body, 4.85""'; cephalothorax, 2"'" ; abdomen, 2.85"""; width of cephalothorax, L6"""; abdomen, L?"™; longer axis of middle section of palpal swelling, 0.8"'"; length of whole sweUing, 1.45"""; length of first pair of legs, 5.5°""; second pair, 5.5'"™; third pair, 4""' (?) ; fourth pair, 4.75°'"'. Excepting in the palp the measurements are those of the female.
One of the specimens is a niale; the other, the palpi of which are not preserved, is judged to be a female merely from its variation from the other in its larger abdomen. The species is readily distinguished from th > others by the rounded outline of the cephalothorax both on the sides and on the strongly convex front.
Florissant. One S, No. 1081; one $, Nos. 8282 and 8459.
2. Parattus evocatus.
Cephalothorax subquadrate, somewhat less than twice as long as broad, slightly broadest posteriorly, with straight, scarcely divergent sides; anterior and posterior margins broadly convex, the lateral angles well rounded off; eyes of anterior row large, round, equal, equidistant, the middle ones at less than their own diameter from the front edge and from
ARAGHNIDES— ARANEIDES— SALTlGUADiE.
55
each other, the whole arranged in a slightly curving row opening forward; eyes of second row indistinguishable; those of third row rounded oval, obliquely placed, situated each in the center of either lateral half of the cephalothorax. Abdomen slightly longer than the cephalothorax, of the same width, with nearly straight sides, rounded off anteriorly and tapering to a subangulate apex on the posterior third or fourth. The cephalothorax 18 blackish in the middle posteriorly, and all the abdomen but the terminal tapering part is nearly black. Legs very poorly and imperfectly preserved, but evidently tolerably stout and furnished w'*h abundant, divergent, taper- ing, slender spines.
Lengthof body, 6.65"""; cephalothorax, 3"" ; abdomen, 3.65""'; breadth ofcephalothorax anteriorly, 1.8™™; posteriorly, 2""'; abdomen, LS""; length of first pair of legs, 7.5""".
The specimen is presumed to be a female from some faint traces of a slender palpus. The squareness of the form distinguishes this from the pre- ceding species; from P. latitatus it differs by its smaller size and propor- tionally shorter cephalothorax as well as by the more rounded front of the latter.
Florissant. One ?, No. 12005.
3. Parattus latitatus.
Cephalothorax quadrate, nearly three times as long as broad, equal, with straight and parallel sides, the extreme anterior and posterior angles rounded off; front nearly straiglit between the rounded angles. Eyes of ante- rior row large, equal, circular, subequidistant, the middle pair situated their own diameter behind the front, the lateral ones at the front, forming thus a curving series opening forward; eyes of second row not discernible in the single specimen; those of third row also doubtful, but apparently repre- sented by a pair of spots considerably smaller than the anterior eyes, slightly nearer together than the middle pair and situated a little in front of the middle. Across the middle of the cephalothorax, or rather a little behind it, is a straight, raised, black line, in front of which the cephalotho- rax is black in a very large round patch. Abdomen almost globular, shorter than the cephalothorax but much broader, covered profusely with dusky and blackish hairs. Legs moderately slender and long, armed sparsely with very long and slender tapering spines longer than the breadth of the femora.
56
TKRTIAKY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Leiifrth of body, Idb"""; cephalothorax, 4.2"""; abdomen, 3.5"""*; breadth of cephalothomx, l.T""'; abdomen, 3.2"'"'.
The legs are imperfect in tlie single specimen known, and as no palpi are preserved the sex is uncertain. The species differs from both the pre- ceding in its much larger size; from P resurrectus also in its very quadrate cephalothorax, and from P. evocatus in its globular abdomen.
Florissant, No. 9823.
Suborder LATERIGRAD^E Thorell.
The two families of crevice-inhabiting crab-spiders which have been found fossil in Tertiary deposits, Thoniisides and Philodrominae, are both (the former particularly) common at the present day in Europe and North America. The fossil species belong mostly to the former, only four species of PiiilodrominsE having been recorded, all from amber, while tw, nty-one Thomisides are known, not including those described below, all of which also fall here. In this statement the strange amber genus Archaja is not included, since, though placed by both Menge and Thorell in this group, it differs strikingly from the other members and should form a family group apart from them, having no known affinities with any of the species from the stratified deposits of Europe or America. (November, 1881.)
Two additional species of Thomisides have lately been described from Aix by Gourret. (October, 1889.)
Family THOMISIDES Sundevall.
All but four of the fossil Thomisides described up to the present time come from amber and represent the genera Athera (one species), Clythia (five species), Ocypete (four species), Opisthophylax (one species), Syphax (five species), and Thomisus (one species). Thomisus is also represented, with Xysticus, by two species each in the stratified deposits of Oeningen and Rott, the latter locality furnishing one Xysticus, the former the remain- ing species. The species described below appear pretty certainly to fall in the Thomisides proper and probably also in the vicinity of Thomisus or Xysticus. The family is widely distributed in all parts of the world. (November, 1881.)
The two species recently described by Gourret from Aix are regarded as types of extinct genera which he terms Amphithomisutf and Pseudotho- misus. (October, 1889.)
n
ABAOHNIDES— AHANEIDES— LATERIGRADJB.
67
THOMISUS Walckenaer.
Three species of Thoinisides occur in the Tertiaries of Colorado, and apparently all of them (one is mutilated) belong to the true Thomisinae, in which the hinder two pairs of legs are much weaker than the others. As the cephalothorax is in all cases poorly prederved or lost, it is Impossible to speak at all definitely of their generic relations, and therefore I have placed all of them in the typical genus Thomisus, from which the family derives its name, and which, or Xysticus, il ^ near ally, they closely resemble in general appearance. In all the abdomen is nearly round. It is interesting to find, as observed above, that the species of this family from the stratified deposits of the European Tertiaries have also been placed in Thomisus and Xysticus, though none of them appear to be very closely allied to our species.
This genus is widely spread, but nearly all the species belong to the warm temperate regions of Europe and North America. (November, 1881.)
Table of the tpeeies of Thomiiut.
TibiiB of hinder pairs of legs broader at tip tlian at base, and much broader than the tarsi ... 1. T. retutu$. TibiHi of hinder pairs of legs of equal width throughout.
Small species; femora of Urstpairof legs half as long again as those of second pair; tarsi as broad
asthetibite •i.T.dUjunetut.
Large species; femora of first and second pairs of legs of about equal length; last tarsal Joint slenderer than the tibiw . 3. T. d^o»»tM.
1. Thomisus resutus. PI. 11, Fig. 13.
Abdomen plump, short ovate, about a fourth longer again than broad, the base broad, the sides well rounded, the hinder extremity full, with the extreme apex squarely truncate. Only a fragment of the cephalothorax remains, showing the broad attachment of the abdomen. The two hinder pairs of legs only are preserved, showing limbs of considerable length, bent forward, the femora nearly as long as the abdomen, longer than the tibios and flattened, largest in the middle; the tibiae are straight, completely con- solidated with the first tarsal joint as in spiders generally, also flattened, slender at base and gradually though slightly increasing in size apically, a peculiarity which is not shown in the plate; the tarsi are much slenderer, not flattened, and longer than the tibiae, tlie first joint alone being nearly as
I
58
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
long as they; the whole leg is devoid of armature or clothing and none is perceptible on the abdomen.
Length of abdomen, 'A'"'"; breadth, 2.5"""; length of third pair of legs, r».3"""; itsfenjora, 1.85"""; tibiit, 1.(15"'"'; tarsi, 1.8"'"'; first joint of same, 1.2™"'; second joint, O.G"""; fourth pair of legs, 7.45"'"'; its femora, 2.75"""'; width of same, 0.5""' ; its tibia;, 1.5'""' ; widtli of same at base, 0.25""" ; at tip, 0.4™"; its tarsi, 3.2'"" ; width of same, 0.1""" ; length of first joint, 2'""'; second joint, 1.2"'°'.
A single specimen is preserved, in which all anterior to the two hinder pairs of legs is lost. The species is readily distinguished from either of those here described by the unequal width of the tibije, as well as for tlie disparity in width between the tibiaj and tarsi. As the front legs are want- ing, this may not so properly be referable as the others to the Thomisides rather than the Philodrominse.
Florissant. Nos. 5502 and 7521.
2. ThOMISUS DI8JUNCTU8. PI, 11, Fig. 9.
Cephalothorax obscure in both specimens, and apparently preceded by a slender beal<, more than half as long as the abdomen and divided into two lateral halves closely united ; they seem to be a pair of elongated cheliceres, but are poorly preserved in both cases. Abdomen rounded, short oval, about a fourth longer than broad, with both ends equally rounded. Legs long and slender, the two front pairs longer than the hinder two, the first also considerably longer than the second ; the femora are long and slender (the front pair about as long as the abdomen), flattened and tapering at either end; the tibiaj and first tarsal joint are completely consolidated into a single piece, so that the line of demarkation can not be seen, and are very slender, equal, as long as the femora; the other tarsal joints are together less than half as long as the previous member and scarcely slenderer than it, terminating in a slightly curved delicately pointed claw as long as the width of the tarsus.
Length of abdomen, 1.75™"' ; breadth, 1.45™°; length of first pair of legs, 4.2™™; its femur, 1.8™™; tibia, 1.7™™; tarsus, 0.7™™; second pair, 2.85™™; femur, 1.2™™ ; tibia, 1.15™™; tarsus, 0.5™™; tibia of third pair, 1.05™™; tarsus, 0.4™™ ; fourth pair, 2.2™™ ; femur, 1™™ ; tibia, 0.8™™; tarsus,0.4™™.
ARACHNIDEa-AKANKIDKa— LATBItKiUADyF:.
59
The sex of both speciniena Ih uncertain. Tlie Bi)ecie8 ia readily dis- tinguished from the others by its small size, slender aii<l long legs, and the complete consolidation of the tibia and first tarsal joint.
Florissant. Nos. 9677, 10377.
3. T^OM18U8 DEF088U8. PI. 11, Fig. 23, g .
Cephalothorax bent at a strong angle with the abdonien and perhaps distorted in the single specimen known, but as preserved it is of an oval shape, slenderer than the abdomen, but not much smaller, half as long again as broad, similarly and fully rounded at either end, the sides not strongly convex ; it appears to have a median transverse constriction and incision. Nothing can be made out of the eyes, but a single large, black, Hubcircular, palpal swelling (^represented of the same tint with the rest and merged with the cephalothorax on the plate) lies bordering the middle of the front, a little broader than long. Abdomen very bread ovate, not more than a third to a fourth longer than broad, the base slightly broadest and broadly rounded, the apex similarly rounded and the sides between the well-rounded corners nearly straight; a faint separation into three or four segments can also be seen, and the surface is sparsely covered with minute short black hairs. Front pairs of legs much larger than the hinder, show- ing that the species is one of the true Thomisinte, the femora large, swollen in the middle and depressed, the front pairs much longer than, the hinder pairs nearly as long as, the abdomen; the tibiiE proper are very distinctly separated from the first joint of tarsi (in the other species it is reckoned with them in the measurements), excepting on the hindmost legs having a distinct oval form of their own, about half as long again as broad; the first joint of the tarsi is only a little shorter than the femora (on these same legs) and with the tibia longer than the femora ; it is armed sparingly with long and slender recumbent spines; the second and third joints of the tarsi are sub- equal, together shorter than the first joint, and besides their sparse clothing of short fine black hairs the tip is armed with a single short blunt claw.
Length of cephalothorax, S-S"" ; breadth, 2.1""° ; length of abdomen, 4.2"""; breadth, 2.7""" ; lengthof first pair of legs (as pi oserved), 7.75"'"' ; its femora, 3.5'""' ; tibia (proper), 1.1"'"'; (true) first joint of tarsi, 2.4"'"'; second joint (as preserved), l"""" ; femora of second pair of legs, S"" ; third pair of
60
TBRTIAUY INSECTS OP NOUTIl AMERICA.
legs, T.IS"" ; its femora, 2.()'""' ; its tibia (proper), 0.8""" ; (triio) first joint of tarsi, 2'"'"; hocoihI joint, 1"""; third j»)int, 0.7")"""; femora of fourtii pair of legs, ;r'"" ; its tibia (proper), 1°""'; (combined tibia and first joint of tarsi (as preserved), ,'} a""".
Tliis species is very readil)' separated from the others by its size, and iindoubteiUy biiloiigs to a genus distinct from them; the specialization of the tibia proper is suifieient indication of this.
Florissant. One <?, No. 4742.
Suborder TUBITELARI^ Thorell.
This group of spiders, given to the construction of silken tubes above ground, is considered by Thorell as the most lowly organized of the Ara- neides, and it is interesting to find that it is far better represented in the Tertiary deposits than any other, comprising more than one-third of the species now known and 3(j per cent, of the fossil species of Euroj)e. It is equally remaikable for its diversity of form, all the families which are rich in genera in Europe at the present time being well represented in the Ter- tiaries of that country, and particularly in amber, both in genera and spe- cies; especially, as we shall see below, is this true of the Drassides, a group which is only surpassed in the nuud)er of its fossil species and the variety of its genera by the Tiieridides. It is, however, neither of these families, but the Epeirities, which predominates in the American Tertiaries, though next to these the Tubitelarise stand pre-eminent, and pail . ilarly the family of Drassides, already mentioned. The same three families, viz, Dysderides, Drassides, and Agelenides, which are best represented in the European Tertiaries and are most abundant in species at the present day, are also present in the American strata, the first by a single species, the second by five, and the last by two, in all one-fourth of the American Araneides. (November, 1881.)
Family DYSDERIDES Koch.
Three genera of this family, Dysdera (four species), Segestria (eight species), and Therea (two species), have been found in Prussian amber, and comprise all the fossil species known up to the present time. To this list we can add from America one species, belonging to the genus most richly represented in amber. So far as known the living species of this
ARACIINIDBS— AUANKIDB8— TUBITELARLIi!.
61
family, whicli are not mimoroiw, are almost excluHivoly confined to tint Enropean fauna (especially the Mediterranean district) and to South Amer- ica. (November, 1881.)
Gourret has recently described a species of this family from Aix, the first known from the European rocka; it i« referred to an extinct jfeinis, I'rodysdera. (October, 1889.)
SEOESTRIA Latreille.
A sMigle species is referable to this "jenus, and with little doubt, as it bears a strikin-,' resemblance to the living S. senoculata (Linn.) of Europe. Eight species of the genus have been found in the European Tertiaries, all from the ambtr of the Unltic, and two others are reported as known to Menge from the same source. All the described amber species are smaller than the American species, and liavo longer legs and more elongated cepha- lothorax, being evidently more nearly related to one another than to the American form. The living species of the genus are found in southern Europe, northern Africa, and C'-ili, with a single one in New Zealand. A warm temperate climate is therefore indicated. (November, 1881.)
SeGESTRIA 8ECE88A.
PL 11, Fig. 28 ( 9 ).
Female.— Ge\)ha.\ot\\orax short, rounded ovate, about one-fourth longer than broad, with no distinction of cephalic and thoracic areas, the front broadly rounded, obscure, with no trace of eyes. Mandibles very stout, tapering, rounded at the tip, half as long again as broad, half as long as the cephalothorax, and together as broad at base as the front of the cephalothorax. Palpi slender, longer than the cephalothorax. Abdomen rather long ovate, about twice as long as the cephalothorax, and a little broader, broadest in the middle, tapering only a little toward the base, considerably toward the acuminate tip. Whole body of an almost uni- formly dark color. Legs subequal, moderately long, and pretty slender, tapering a little only, the tibiai and tarsi furnished above with lateral rows of very long tapering spines which do aot diverge, but lie along the sides base to tip.
Length of body, 9.5°""; cephalothorax, 2.75"™; abdomen, 5.25'»"'; breadth of cephalothorax, 2.25"""; abdomen, 2.65""; length of cheliceres,
62
TEUTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
,1
1.5""°; extent of palpi beyond corselet, 3.5""°; length of first pair of legs, lO'"™; itsfeuumi, a-""'; tibi:B, 1.5"""; tarsi, 5.5°'"'; second pair, 9.5"'"'; femora and tibiib, S-TS"'""; tarsi, 5.75"'°'; third pair, 0.6"°'; femora and tibire, 2.6'°"; tarsi, 4""»; fourth pair, 10.2°"°; femora, 2.4"'°'; tibi*, 2'""'; tarsi, 5.8""'.
Florissant. Two 2 , Nos. 205, and 1.806 and 1.818 of the Princeton col lections.
Family DRA-SSiDES Sundevall.
This family in i-ichly represented in Tertiary species ; indeed, except- ing Therididns, more richly than any other family of Araneides, being repre- seuLdd i.i Europe by tin. genera Anatone (three species), Clubiona (eight species), Maoaria (five species), Melanophora (five species), Pythonissa (ten species), and Sosybius (two species), as well as by one species each of Anypluena, Drassus, Erithus, Heteromma, and Idmonia. Every one of these are amber species, excepting one Clubiona and one Macaria from Oeningen. Oui- own fauna has besides this yielded four species of Clubiona and one of Anypiiivna, both genera represented in amber, and one also at Oeningen. The present distribution of the species of this family is over the whole world, but the borders of the Mediterranean, eastern Europe, and western South Americ appear to' be far the most richly represented. Some of the genera are confined to one or the other of these regions and nearly all to warm tem^ierate regions. (November, 1881.)
CLUBIONA Latreille.
A number of species appear to fall here, although it is difficult to tell whether they should n'^t rather be referred to the lycosoid genus Dolo- medes or its vicinity, so uncertain are the clews we have to their real poai- tiou; until more satisfactory [•■|)ecimens can be obtained they may be placed here, the more so as the species all bear some resemblance to the amber spiders referred to the same genu.;!. C. eversa to C. tomentosa, C. arcana to C. sericea and C. lanata, C. hitebrosa to C. attenuata, and C. ostentata to C. microphthalma. The Oeningen species seems to be very dilTerent, with its rounded abdomen. Very few genera of spiders are so richly endowed with fossil species as this, Theridium indeed being the only one which surpasses it, and next to it comes Pythonissa, a genus of the same iamily as this. The genus is w'dely spread in modern times. A few species are common throughout the greater part of Europe, others are confined to the Mediter-
ARACHNIDES— AKANEIDES— TUBITELAKI^. 63
ranean region, a very few are found in the East Indies, and a VQry large number are reported from Chili; the genus is therefore mostly confined to warm temperate regions. (November, 1881.)
Table of the sptciea of Clubiona.
Cuphalothorax oblong oval, nearly or more than one-half longer than broad.
Last palpal joint of male large ; abdomou about equally rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, half
as long again as the oephalothorax !• C. e»«rM.
Last palpal joint of nrale small; abdomen tapering posteriorly and but little longer llian theeepl i-
lothorax =»• (^- '«'«*'•
Cephalothorax roundish oval, only one- fourth orone-third longer than broad.
More than five millimeters long; abdomen much larger and longer than eephalothorax .'i. C. an n<i.
Less than live millimeters long; abdomen scarcely larger and but little longer thau cephalrf'i '
rax 4. C. oBtentiUa.
1. Clubiona evehsa. PI. 11, Fig. 22 ( 3 ).
31ailc. — Cephalothorax obovate, equally rounded at the two ends, more than half as long again as broad ; the cephalic and thoracic portions not separable ; front bluntly rounded, the eyes too poorly preserved to allow any statement concei'ning them. Palpi nearly as long as the cephalothorax, the last joint very large, ovate, subacuminate at tip, the longer diameter almost equaling the breadth of the cephalothorax. Abdomen ovate, half as long again and nearly half as broad again as the corselet, almost equally rounded at the two ends, but largest near the base and tapering slightly more behind than in front. Whole body of a nearly uniform brown, but in one specimen the swollen palpal joint blackish. Legs moderately long, not verj'^ unequal, tapering, abundantly furnished with dark divergent spines, about as long as the width of the tibiae.
Length of body, 5.2'"'"; cephalothorax, 2.1°"°; abdomen, 3.1""; width of cephalothorax, 1.G5"""; abdomen, 2""" ; extension of palpi beyond corselet, 1.7""'"; longer diameter of last joint of same, 0.7"*™; length of first pair of legs, 6.15"""; its femora, 2.25""; tibiie, 2""; tarsi, 2.5"'"; second pair, 6.75™'"; its femora, 2.3"'"; tibial, 2.2""; tarsi, 2.25""; third pair, 5.1""; its femora, 1.6™"; tibiic, 1.5"'"; tarsi, 2""; fourth pair, 6.6""; its femora, 2.1""; tibiaj, 2.2"" ; tarsi, 2.3"".
This species is not very far removed from the amber species, C. tomen- tosa, but is slightly larger than it and has a less tapering cephalothorax.
Florissant. Two c?, Nos. 5944, 8551.
64
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
2. Clubiona arcana. PI. 11, Fig. 4 ( ^ ).
Male. — Cephalothorax roundish oval, about one-third longer than broad, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended, the front in the single individual obscure with no trace of eyes. Cheliceres apparently pretty large, the palpi very long, longer than the prothorax, the last joint large and swollen, ovate, more than half as long again as broad, and black. Abdomen a little paler than the brownish cephalothorax, long ovate, considerably longer and somewhat broader than tiie cephalothorax. Legs not very long, tapering considerably, amply provided with more or less divergent slender spines as long as or slightly longer than the femora.
Female. — Cephalothorax ovate, about one-third longer than broad, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended. Palpi nearly or quite as long as the cephalothorax. Abdomen sometimes lighter than the cepha- lothorax, long ovate, considerably longer and sometimes a little broader than it. Legs as in the male, the spines perhaps a little shorter, and on the tarsi arranged to a certain extent in rows, not noticeable on the male.
Length of body, i 5.25°"", ? 6.65°"°; of cephalothorax, <? l.TS"", ? 2.15""" ; of abdomen, S 3.5°'°', $ 4.5°'°' ; breadth of cephalothorax, i l.S"", 9 1.4"'"'; of abdomen, <? 1.4'""', ? l.TS"™ ; extent of palpi beyond cephalotho- rax, ^ 2"'"', ? 2™"'; longer diameter of last palpal joint, <? 1.15°'°', shorter diameter, <? CS™™ ; length of first pair of legs, S 7.5°'°', $ 6.75"°* ; its femora, S 2.05""', ? 2.4°'°' ; tibiffi, <? 2.9""", ? 2.35"'"' : tarsi, <? 2.55"™, ? 2""' ; second pair, ,? 6.45""', ? 6""" ; its femora, <? LS""-, 2 2.2°'"' ; tibiae, <? 2.5"°', ? 1.65""; tarsi, S 2.35"", ? 2.15'"" ; third pair, <? 5.35"", ? 5.5""; its femora, $ 1.35"", 2 1.8""; tibiaj, S 2"", ? 1.85™"; tarsi, <? 2"", ? 1.85""; fourth pair, $ Lib"""", ? 8.3""; its femora, S 2.15"™, ? 3"™ ; tibiae, X 2.6"", ?2.56""; tarsi, ^ 3"", ? 2.75"".
This species agrees very well in size with C. eversa (only males of course compared), or is slightly smaller, and the legs if anything a little longer; the cephalothorax is rounder and the palpal swelling much more elongated. It is somewhat like both C. sericea and C. lanata of the Prussian amber, but is somewhat smaller and has longer legs than they.
Florissant. One S, No. 2831 ; three ? , Nos. 3253, 7087, 8082, besides a ? from the Princeton collection, Nos. 1.807 and 1.819.
^
f
AUAOUNlDEiS— ABANElDiiS— TUlilTELARIiE.
65
3. ClUBIONA LATEBR08A.
^
PI. 11, Fig. 1S(<?).
Male. — Cephalotliorax oval, largest beliind the middle, tapering consid- erably at either end, with no distinction in outline between the cephalic and thoracic portions; front obscure with no eyes preserved. Cheliceres pretty large. Palpi very long, almost as long as the cephalothorax, terminal joint moderately stout, obpyriforni. Abdomen paler than the cephalothorax, nmch larger than it by reason of its greater breadth, but only about otie- fourth longer, largest near the base, tapering apically to a blunt tip, its basal two-thirds covered sparsely with long, stout, dark-tipped, faintly clubbed hairs. Legs long and slender, subequal, the femora and tibife fur- nished not very abundantly with moderately long, delicately tapering, very finely pointed, slightly divergent spines.
Lengtli of body, 9.1""" ; cephalothorax, 4™"' ; abdomen, .5.1""" ; breadth of cephalotho'-nx, l.e""* ; abdomen, 2.6""' ; extension of palpi beyond front of cephalothorax, 3™°" ; length of first pair of legs, 8.75""" ; second pair, 11"""; third pair, 9""" ; fourth pair, J/..5"'"'.
This species differs from all the others here described in its tapering abdomen and its proportionally considerably longer legs; the palpal swell- ing is also slenderer than usual. In its tapering abdomen as well as in other features it comes pretty near the amber species, C. attenuata, being also of the same size ; it differs from it in its longer legs.
Florissant. One S, No. 6492.
4. Clubiona ostentata.
ri. 11, Fig. 24(3).
Mak. — Cephalotliorax broad oval, about one-half longer than broad, wel' rounded, with no distinction between ceplialic and thoracic portions; from well rounded, but too poorly preserved to show any eyes. Cheliceres large. Palpi very long, fully as long as the cephalothorax. The apical joint very stout, obpyriform, being largest at some distance beyond the middle, beyond rapidly tapering to an obtuse angle; it is blackish and bears within its apical two-tliirds a stout ribbon bent in the middle at l(\ss than a right angle, the bend broadly curved, and the apical half tapering to a point which extends just beyond tlu; margin of the swelling. Abdomon only a little Vol XIII 5
Itfs
66
TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
larger than the cephalothorax, ovate, largest in the middle, tapering almost equally in either direction, the apex slightly angled, the surface very sparsely clothed with long, extremely delicate, tapering hairs. Legs moderately long, delicately tapering, sparsely furnished with scarcely divergent spines about as long as thi^ diameter of the joint on which tlio}' are seated
Female.—The single specimen is rather poorly preserved, hardly admit- ting of description. It is stouter than the male. The cephalothorax appears to be roundish quadrate, broadest behind, scarcely longer than broad, the hind margin very broadly, the front somewhat narrowly, convex. The abdomen is somewhat larger than the cephalothorax, but only a little longer, broadest anteriorly, pretty well rounded behind. Legs much as in the male, but with slight traces of spinos.
Length of body, .? 5.4""°, $ 4.75""" ; cephalothorax, S 2.65'°"', ? 2.25""' ; abdomen, i 2.75""", -i 2.5""" ; breadth of cephalothorax, c^ l.lb""°, ? 2.15""'; abdomen, <? 1.6"% 2 2'"'"; extent of palpi beyond cephalothorax, ,? 1.35"'"'; length of palpal swelling, c? 0.75'""' ; length t)f first pair of legs, ^ 7"""', ? 6.2""'; femora, S 2'""", ? 1.5'"'"; tibia-, ? 2.25'"", 9 2.6""; tarsi, c? 2.75™", 9 2.1""; second pair of legs, <? 6.65™", 9 6.1""; femora, S 2™", 9 1.6'""; tibije, <? 2.25™", 9 2.25'"™; tarsi, ,? 2.4"", 9 2.25™"; third pair of legs, <( 5.15"™; femora, ,? 1.25"" ; tibi«, ,t 1.9"™ ; tarsi, r? 2"" ; fourth pair of legs, <? 6.9"™, 5 4.6"™ ; femora, c? 2"", 9 0.85™" (!) ; tibia^ ,7 2™™, 9 1.75"™ (!) ; tarsi, ^
Q Qmin Q Omm
This species Is considerably smaller than any of the others, and is fui'ther distinguished from them by the near equality in size of the cephalo- thorax and abdomen It resembles a little C. microphthalma of the Baltic amber, and is of the same size as it, but the cephalic portion of the cephalo- thorax is not distinguished by a constriction as there, and our species has somewhat stouter legs.
Florissant. Two .1, Nos. 199, 5507 and 5910 ; one 9, No. 9624.
ANYPH^NA Sundevall.
To this genus I refer a single species, manifestly belonghig in this vicinity, and approaching it, so far as may be judged by the general appear- ance of the specimen, as closely as any other form. Traces of the eyes can be seen in this specimen, and if correctly interpreted their arrangement is not exactly that of \nypha;na, although it is not very different from that
I I
I ,
'
AltACHNIDES— ARANEIDES— TUBITELARI^:.
67
of this and allied genera of Drassidae. For the present, at least, it may- remain here.
A single species of Anypha;na has before been recorded in a fossil state, A. fuscata, found in amber, but it differs very much from our species, and the arrangement of the eyes in particular is altogether different. All the species of the genus now living have been found in southern Europe and Algeria excepting one, which is reported from the Pacific Islands ; and our species thus indicates a warmer climate than the locality at present enjoys.
Anypii^ena IN'IEKITA. PI. 11, Fig. 5.
Cephalothorax subcircular, the cephalic and thoracic portions wholly blended, the anterior and posterior margins a little flattened, so as to be nearly straight, fully as broad as long, furnished with short, tapering hairs. Eyes apparently formed of two approximated pairs of small ocelli close together in a slightly curved line opening forward next the middle of the front mar- gin; two slightly larger directly behind each of these pairs, and slightly more distant from each other than either is from the pair in front, and two nmch larger lateral ocelli situated next the front base ot the front pair of legs close to the margin, and forming with the posterior middle eyes a very slightly curved series of nearly equidistant ocelli opening forward. The pair of approximated eyes and the one in their rear are faint and more or less conjectural. If this position of the eyes is correct the spider should not be placed in AnyphjBna, but would certainly appear to fall near it and Clubiona. Cheliceres very stout, projecting in front of the cephalothorax by half the length of the latter, and together considerably more than half as .broad as it, well rounded apically Palpi of female rather longer than the cephalothorax, moderately stout. Abdomen apparently pedunculate, the peduncle long and slender, the abdomen plump oval, well and very, regu- larly rounded in front, and but for the rapid tapering of the extreme apex rather more broadly rounded behind. Legs short, subequal, moderately stout, especially the femora, tapering throughout, well armed with pretty large tapering spines of equal length on the whole leg, and about as long as the width of the tibite, somewhat divergent and irregularly disposed on the femora, 1)eyond arranged apparently in two or three rows and scarcely at all divergent.
68
TERTIARY INSBOTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
i
i
I
Length of body (as preserved), 11.5°""; of cephalothorax, 2.75"""; of abdomen (without pedicel), 6"""; of pedicel, l""; breadth oi cephalothorax, 3.1"""; of abdomen, 4.1"'"'; length of cheliceres, l.fi"'"'; of palpi beyond corselet, 3.3'"'"; of first pair of legs, 8'""'; its femora, 2.5"""; tibise, 2.6'"™ tarsi, 2.9'"'"; of second pair of legs, 9.2'"'"; its femora, 2.6"""; tibia;, 3.25""' tarsi, 3.35'"'"; of third pair of legs, 7,5'"'"; its femora, 2.3"""; tibise, 2.5""" tarsi, 2.7"'"'; of fourth pair of legs, 10.75"""; its femora, 2.9'"'"; tibije, 3.2'""' tarsi, 4.15'"'".
Florissant One i (and reverse), Nos. 8269 and 8281.
Family AGALENIDES Koch.
This family of Tubitelariiii is also fairly represented in Tertiary times, three species each having been found in amber, of the genera Amaurobius and Tegenaria, and one each of Agalena and Argyroneta, besides which Oeningen furnishes an Argyronetr and Rott an Argyroneta and a Histo- pona. To this list we can add from this country two species of Titanteca, more nearly allied apparently to the amber species of Amaurobius than to any other fossils. Far the largest part of the species of this family are known from Europe, but a few from America. (November, 1881.)
Gourret has recently described a Tegenaria from Aix.
I
I
m
TITANCECA Thorell.
Two species are placed in this genus from their close general resem- blance to the type of the same, Hahn's Theridium quadriguttatum of Europe. The genus has never before been found fossil, but is not far removed from Amaurobius, of which three species are known in the Euro- pean Tertiaries. The living species of the genus are confined, so far as I discover, to the Mediterranean district and central Europe, as are most of the species of Amaurobius, but a few of the latter are reported from the warmer parts of America. As in so many other cases, therefore, the pres- ence of these species indicates a warm temperate climate. (November, 1881.)
Tabh of the speoiea of Tltanaiea.
«r
Cephalotliorax small and oval, about, half as long as tho abtlouion 1. T. tiipeiiim,
Cephalothorax largo ami tilongate, about three-fourths the length of the abdomen 2. T. hesierHa,
ARACHNIDBS— ARANEIDES— TUBITELARIJB.
69
I
r
1. TiTANffiCA INGENUA. PI. 11, Figs. 29, 32 ( 9 ).
Cephalothorax oval, about half as long again as broad, largest a little behind the middle, the front not produced but regularly rounded, the lateral curve being slightly convex throughout its course, and thus showing no line of separation between the cephalic and thoracic portions. Arrange- ment of eyes not determinable. Cheliceres stout. Palpi moderately stout, equal, about as long as the cephalothorax, the terminal joint roundly pointed at tip. Abdomen plump, subrotund, at least four or five times larger than the cephalothorax, being more than twice as broad and fully twice as long as it, slightly more tapering at the base than at the apex, only half as long again as broad, and of a uniform tint, or possibly a little duskier along the medio-dorsal portion. Legs moderately slender, short, subequal, abun- dantly furnished with hairs, which seem (conspicuously in one specimen, No. 13520, less distinctly in others) to be more abundant laterally than upon the iipper surface, and armed with many very long and slender only slightly diverging spines on all the legs, and especially on the femora and tibiae of the two hinder pairs. All the specimens appear to be females.
Length of body, 9.6"""; of cephalothorax, 3.1™"; abdomen, G.S"""' ; l)readth of cephalothorax, 2.4"""; abdomen, 5.9"'""; length of first pair of legs, S"""; second pair, T.G"""'; third pair, 7™""; fourth pair, 8.75™".
The shape of the cephalothorax and abdomen sufficiently separate this species from the following, with which otherwise it agrees closely in general appearance.
Florissant. Four ?, Nos. 9792, 11203, 13.520, 14031.
2. TlTAN(ECA HESTERNA.
Cephalothorax obpyriform, the cephalic portion a little produced and tapering anteriorly less than the fully rounded thoracic part, and somewhat truncate anteriorly, the front scarcely convex, the posterior border well rounded; the widest portion of the cephalothorax is in the middle of the thoracic part or of the hinder two-thirds of the whole, and it is nearly half as long again as broad. Arrangement of eyes not detei-minable. Cheli- ceres stout. Palpi moderately stout, equal, a little shorter than the cepha- lothorax, the apical joint roundly pointed at tip. Abdomen ovate, about
\K
111
70
TERTIARY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMKRICA.
half as broad again hh the cephalothorax, nearly twice as long as broad, but only half as long again as the cephalothorax, tapering apically as much as if not more than basally. Legs moderately slender, short, subequal, abundantly furnished with hairs and with spines, even to the tips of the tarsi, especially on the two hinder pairs of legs, much as in T. ingenua and with the same thinness of covering above as there, one specimen especially (12977) showing it in the same marked degree as one of the preceding species. As there also, all the specimens appear to be females.
Length of body, 7.1"'"'; cephalothorax, 2.3""'; cheliceres, 1.5™"'; abdo- men, S™"*; breadth of cephalothorax anteriorly, 1.4""'; greatest breadth, 2.1""; breadth of abdomen, 2.75""; length of first pair of legs, 7""'; sec- ond pair, 7.3™"' ; third pair, 5.5"" ; fourth pair, 8""'.
The slenderer form of the whole body and the less disparity in size between the cephalothorax and abdomen mark this species as distinct from the preceding.
Florissant. Four 2, Nos. 5656, 12006, 12977, and Princeton collec- tion, No. 1.809.
Suborder RETITELARIiE ThoreU.
Next to the last equivalent group, these spiders, whicli ma.'?:e a loose web or snare apparently constructed without any regular plan, are the most numerous in Tertiary deposits, forming in Europe, as we have seen, 29 per cent of the total fauna. This, as before, is dependent in large measure upon their representation in amber, which contains forty-eight of the fifty-five described species. The number known from the European strata is, however, greater than in any other of the larger groups, while the American species of the same here brought to light are for once con- siderably less numerous than the European. All the species belong to the Theridides, which i;s also far the richest in forms at the present day. (November, 1881.)
Family THERIDIDES Koch.
There is no single family of spiders so abundantly represented in Ter- tiary deposits as the Theridides. No less than fifty-four species, or more than one-fourth the whole number of fossil Araneides of Europe, belong to this group and represent fourteen genera. Theridium is richest, with six- teen species ; then follow Thyelia with eleven ; Zilla, Micrjphantes, and
I
4
f
ARA0HNIDE8— ARANEIDB8— RETITELARL^!!.
71
I
I
Ero with rive each ; Linyphia with three, Corynites and Erigoiie with two, and Anandrus,' Clya, Dielacata, Euryopus, Flegia, and Schellenbergia with one each. Flegia, Corynitis, Anandrus, Thyelia, Clya, Dielacata, and Schel- lenbergia are all peculiar to the Tertiaries, Schellenbergia to Oeningen, the others to amber. Nearly all the species are from amber, but beside the Schellenbergia from Oeningen there is a species of Erigono and two of Linyphia from llott, and two species of Theridium from Oeningen as well as another from Aix. .
America, however, does not bear her proportionate share in this repre- sentation, being poorer even than the stratified deposits of Europe, whereas in every other group it is either better represented or falls short by only a single species. There is a single species of Linyphia, two of Theridium, and some egg-cocoons referred for convenience to the comprehensive genus Aranea. That two of the three species known in the perfect state should belong to tlui genus most highly favored in the European Tertiaries is a point worth noting.
The family is best represented in Europe (especially in the Mediterra- nean district) and warm temperate America, but a few have been found in the East Indies. (November, 1881.)
Gourret, in his i-ecent investigation of the spiders of Aix, found but a single species of this family among the eighteen Araneides described by him. He referred it to Ariamnes.
ARANEA Linn^.
Under this broad generic name are placed notices of some egg-cocoons which are like those made by species of this group and which have been found at no less than three distinct localities. I am not aware that any such remains have before been noticed.
k AkANEA C0LUMBI.ffi. PI. jk, Figs. 1, 2. Aranea coUtmbi(v Scudrter, Kep. Progr. Geol. Snrv. Can., 1876~'7r, 463-464 (l«78).
Among the stones obtained hy Mr. Dawson in British Columbia are several containing the flattened remains of the egg-cocoons of Araneides. There are no less than eiglit of them, of different shapes and sizes, occurring
' Anandros is credited with one species, but it la not described (Menge, Lelionsieiohen, etc., p. 7).
f
I!-!' i I fit ■■
72
TKRTIAUY INSKOTS OF NOItTH AMKRIOA.
by paii'H, none of them rovcrHes of others. Tliey occur on Ht<»iie8 num- bered 38 to 41. As the form of the egg-cocoons in Ariineides is so various, and tlic number of specimens found indicates a probability of obtaining at Home time the probable constructor of the webs, I have only applied an ancient, broad generic name to these products of the insect, for the sake of indicating the nature of all the fossil remains from Quesnel. It is probable that the spider will be found most nearly allied to Theridium, species of whidh construct peduncudate egg-cocoons not very different from these. The cocoons, vaiy slightly in size, and more in shape, owing no doubt to their varying position when crushed; probably they were globular, or pos- sibly slightly oval in shape; averaging about five millimeters in the longer and foai millimeters in the shorter diameter; of a firm structure; testaceous in color, and hung by a slender thread, less, or much less than quarter the length of the egg-cocoon (averaging, perhaps, one millimeter in length), to a thickened mass of web, attached to some object or to the insect's web.
That they have been preserved by pairs upon the stones i no signifi- cance, and, indeed, may be due simply to the way the stones were broken; for they lie at varying distances apart, with no sign of connection, and placed with no definite relations to each other. Two of them show no sign of the pedicel, but this is certainly due to poor preservation; and a single one, the least circular (40a) not only has no pedicel, but appears to be formed of a lighter, flimsier tissue, and may belong to a different species. The following are the longer and shorter diameter, and length of pedicel, of each specimen :
|
Nuinbor of Npeviineii. |
Long diameter. |
Short diameter. |
Leugth of pedicel. |
|
No. 386 |
.Vm. 5.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 ■5.5 5. 2 .5.0 4.5 |
ifm. 3.5 4.0 3.6 3.5 2.5 3.7 3 9 4.2 |
Mm. 1.5 0.8 1.2 |
|
No. 38c |
|||
|
No. 39o |
|||
|
No. :vjb |
|||
|
N0.4O0 No. 40* |
|||
|
1.0 (•) (•) |
|||
|
No. 41o No.41i |
* Base only of pedicel preserved.
The egg-cocoon of a spider (No. 4201), of exactly the same size, shape, and general iippearance as those described above, excepting that from
AUACnNIDHS— AUANI'UDKH— KKTITKIiAKMC.
78
I
a break in the Htoiic thoro i« no trace of a pedicel, wan found by me in the shales at Green River, Wyoming.
A Hingle specimen (No. H93r)), of an egg-cocoon was also found at Florissant, Colorado, having the same general appearance, but with no trace of a pedicel and slightly larger than any of the others, being (J""" long and 4"'"' broad. It is of course impossible to say that it is the same species.
Still another (No. 1.173) was brought by the Princeton expedition from Florissant, differing in the opposite direction, being considerably smaller and so preserved as to appear broader than long. It is provided with a pedicel 1.4""" long, but is itself ordy 2""" long and 2.6""" broad.
C^uesnel, Green River, F'lorissant.
TIIERIDIUM Walckenaer,
No less than sixteen fossil species of this genus have been described, thirteen from amber, one from the beds of Aix, at about the same horizon, and two frotn Oeningen. Those from Oeningen and Aix are very different from the two here described, and those figured from amber are scarcely nearer, though T. opertaneum bears some resemblance to T. granulatum, and T. sec.lusum to T. hirtum. The vast majority of the numerous known living .species of this genus are from Europe, but not a few occur in our country, especially in the Southern States, and one or two are reported from other parts of the world. It is therefore almo.st exclusively a north temperate genus, but is by no means confined to the warnier parts, and its occurrence at Florissant has no special significance as to the climate of the times. (November, 1881.)
Table of the speciea of Theridium.
Large specios; the cephalothorax much longer than broad ( 9 ) 1. T. opertaneum.
.Small .species; the cephalothorax nearly circular (,i) 2. T. leclusum,
1. Theridium opertaneum.
PL 11, Fig. 3(9).
Female. — Cephalothorax elongated, comparatively slender, nearly etpial, about twice as long as broad. Legs slender, imperfectly preserved, not very long, sparsely furnished with rather short delicate spines, not longer than the width of the legs. Abdomen very large, nearly globular, nearly three times as broad as the cephalothorax, of a greenish tinge, though the wliole body is brown.
m
74
TKUTrAltY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
h<
|,
Isll'i
s
lienfrthot'bodj , 11"""; of ceplialofhornx, f*""™ ; breadth of «aine, 2.2"*"' ; of iihdomuii, 6.4'""'; length of tirat pair of femora, 6""" ; hocoiuI pair, n""" ; Hecond tibiw, 4"""; third femora, 2"""; third tibi«3, 2.4'"'"; fourth femoni, 3.2f)""".
Besides its very much greater size, this species differs greatly from tlie other in the form of the cophalothorax.
Florissant. One ?, No. 13521, preserved on a dorsal view.
2. THERlDIirM SECLIT8UM. PI. II, Fig. 20 (^).
Male. — Cephalothorax stout, square oval, a little longer only than broad, the front broadly and ref^-'larly rounded. Cheliceres rather stout, as long as half the width of the corselet, tn.p'^ring a little, rounded at the apex, the outer edge straight, the inner rounded. I.r.«t joint of palpi nearly as large as the cheliceres, oval, on a stalk as long as the (lephalothorax. These two parts are incorrectly represented on the plate, where the palpi and cheli- ceres appear as ojie groat piece. Abdomen rather small, oval, narrower than the cephalothorax, but of about the same length. Legs long and slender, the first pair particularly long, and the second pair considerably longer than the fourth, which is unusually slender ; all the legs are furnished witli numerous spines, apparently arranged in three rows and clustered much more numerously at the distal end of the femora and tibitc than elsewhere ; the spines are moderately slender and about as long as the width of the joints, separated from one another by about their own length, sometimes a little less.
Length of body, 4.5""" ; of abdomen, 2.25°"" ; width of cephalothorax, 1.65"""; of abdomen, 1.2""'; length of cheliceres, 0.75"'"'; of first pair of legs, 15"""; its femora, 4.5™"'; tibia?, 4.5""'"; tarsi, 6™™; second pair of legs, 12"'"" ; femora, 3.75'"'" ; tibijB, 3.75""" ; tarsi, ^S""" ; third pair of legs, 5.25'°'" ; femora, 1.4"""; tibi.ne, l.l'"" ; tarsi, 2.75""' ; fourth pair of legs, 9'""'; femora, 3.5""" (?) ; tibiaj, 1.5""" (f) ; tarsi, 4'"".
The species is very much smaller than T. opertaneum, besides having a very different corselet.
Florissant. Nos. 2286, 7816, 9026. All the specimens appear to be males.
ARAtJHNIUKS— MJANKIDF.H— HKTITKIiAUI 1-:,
76
LlNYI'lllA i.atreillu.
Two spocios of this goiius liavo boon describod from Rott, and one (formerly coii.sidercd two) Hpocios from amber. Tht? single Mpucics wo win hero add to tho number in tolerably nearly allied to tbe amber HpecieH, an well an to li. rottensis of the RheiUHh brown eoal, though it iw much larger than the latter. The living Hj)eeieH are found abundantly in aU parts of Europe, excepting ijossibly the most southern, and several specries jiro recorded from Georgia and from Chili. Its presence at Florissant would rather indicate a mean temperate climate. The species are lively and savage in character, constructing a rather complicated sheet of web, under the middle of which they lie in wait in an inverted position for their |)rey. (Novend)er, 1881.)
LlNYPHlA KETEN8A.
ri. 11, Figs. 25, 27 ( i ).
A single male and its reverse represent this species; tho reverse was broken, and tho pjsterior portion figured before its anterior half was found; hence the specimen is numbered three times; it is tolerably well preserved, especially the legs, The better preserved half shows a nearly uniform dusky figure upon the stone, but on the reverse tho abdomen is nuich darker, almost black, and tho i)alpi also are darker than the cephalothorax. The latter is regularly oval, the anterior extremity the more pointed; upon this some ocelli may be seen, of which there are apparently two approxi- mate but independent ones next the middle, and on one side a pair of con- fluent eyes of the same size, all next the anterior edge. The last palpal joint is large, subcircular, or so nevvhat pyriform, furnished interiorly with a stout, strongly bent ribbon, and is perched on a stalk long enough to carry it by its own width beyond the maigin of tlio corselet. Abdomen regularly obovate, a trifle broader in front than behind, somewhat longer than the corselet, and roundly pointed behind. Legs very long and slender, except- ing the third pair, which are short, all the femora rather sparsely furniched with very delicate spines.
Length of body, 7.1'""'; of abdomen, 4'""; breadth of cephalothorax, 2"""; of abdomen, 2.1 rr"; diameter of palpal swelHng, l'""" ; length of first pairof legs, 19"""; second pair, 15.5""" ; third pair, 6.!)""" ; fourth pair, U"'"; first pair femora, 6"""; tibite, 7°"™; tarsi, 6'"="; second pair femora, 5""";
m
7H
TRRTlAKi' INSKCTS OF NOUTH AMKUICA.
tibi;e, S.r)"""; tarsi, 5'"""; third pair of femora, 2.5'""; tibia', 2.4"""; tarsi, 2""" ; fourtli pair of femora, 4.5"'"' ; tibia', 4.5""" ; tarsi, 5'""'.
Tliis species differs fro ax L. cheiracantha in its considerably larger size, the absence of distant spines upon the legs, and its much more slender cepha- lothorax and long-er lesrs.
Florissant. One ,^, Nos. 12976 and 13212 and 14032.
Suborder ORBITELARIvE Thorell.
The symmetrical-web constructing spiders, though not rare in Tertiary deposits, are not so conmion as their abundance in recent times would lead one to anticipate, for, :t8 we have seen, only S per cent of the Kuropean fossil spiders belong to this group, and all or nearly all of them are Epei- rides. In this number are not included two or three species described by older authors under the name of Aranea, the precise location of which is and must probably always remain uncertain. Thirteen species are credited to amber, two to Rott, and one to Oeningen. In our own country the case is very different, for nearly one-half of our species (44 per cent) are to be referred to this group, and all also are ICpeirides. It is the one considerable point in which the American fauna may be contrasted with the European. In Rott alone of all the European localities (where the Orbitelaria' form one- fourth of the known fauna) do we have any approacli to the proportionate nunjbe- of this great grouj). (November, 1S81.)
Family EPEIRIDES Sundevall.
The genera of l']i)eirides represented in the European Tertiaries are Epeira (live species), of which two come from Rott and one from Oeningen, Gra^a (four species), Antopia (three species), Onca (two species), and Epeiridion and Siga (one species each). 'J'he American fauna is nearly as rich, vicher for once thsui the amber, whence come all the European species except those specified above, embracing seven or more species of Epeira, four of an extinct genus, Tethneus, and one each of Tetragnathaand Nephila, genera hefore unknown in the fossil state. Not only, then, is the American fauna peculiar for its richness in species of this family, but no other sho^vs so many novel forms for the 'I'ertiary epoch. One of these latter genera pre- dominates in America and the other is a tropical «4cnu8, which lends addi-
' The terminal jiart of the right tarni aH given in Pig. !i7 dots not belong t« the tarsi.
ARACIINIDKS— AUANKIDKS— ORBITKLABLK.
77
tional interest to their discovery. 'I'lie species are spread all over the gloho ill both temponue and torrid rofjions. (November, 1881.)
At Aix, (Jourret found but a singl ) member of this fanuly, which ho referred to a distinct }^euus called CercidioUa.
'rF/rilA(iNAlMiA Latreille.
Tliis genus lias never liefore been recojifnized in a fossil state. Although represented in every continent, it is only in America and particuhnly in the warmer parts of North America that it is at all abundant: here some species range north t(» New E.i-^land, but it is essentially a geir.n^ of the Southern States; these spiuers frequent the borders of ponds and hence it is not strange that we should find them in the lake deposits of Florissant, although their presence there certainly indicates a warmer climate than the present. The species here described does not appear to have special affinities with the American species with which I have been able to comi)aro it, being stouter bodied than the}-. (November, 1881.)
TeTKAGNATHA TKUTIAUIA.
ri. 11, Fig. n{S).
Tetraijnatha tertiaria ScmUer, 'MH.',, MiiuiU>. <1. Puloout., i, ii. 711, Fig. 927 (18«5).
A single male and its reverse "earesent the under surface of this spe- cies; as preserved, it is of a pale rusty color, the cephalothoracic append- ages much darker than the abdomen, which is as pale as the legs, or than the cephalothorax, which is nearly as pale. The cephalothorax is circular or scarcely longitudinally oval, the exposed ventral portion between the bases of the mandibles and legs shit^ld-shaped or heart-shaped. The nuvn- dibles are very large, longer than tlie cephalothorax, broader on the apical than on the basal half and thus formed of two parts, a basal, straight, equal piece, as bro;id as the third or fourth legs and about double the length of the coxa\ and an apical ovate portion, not unlike the apical joint of the palpi, somewhat longer than the basal portion and fully half as broad again as the front legs. Beyond these, and separated from them by a little space, and therefore suujiorted by a long pedicel, which however is not preserved, are the apical palpal joints, a little smaller tlian the apical j)ortion of the mandildes and of about the sii-ue shape, in the int(U-ior of which a strongly curved corneous threa«l can be made out, f(»rming more than a complete
T8 TERTIAHV INSECTS OP NOlt'ill AMERICA.
circle. Tho legs, of which onl}' the third and fourtli pairs are perfect, are very long, exce[)ting the third jKiir; the femora and perhaps the tibije have a superior series of alternately diverging, slender, very distant spines, farther from one! another than their own lengths. The abdomen is long obovate, sill (cylindrical, a little the largest at the base, as long ..s the cephalothorax iind cheliceres together.
Lengtii of body, 10"""; of abdomen, o"'"'; breadth of cephalothorax, 2.5"""; of abdoni«;n, 2.3"'"'; length of mandibles, 3.2"""; breadth of the basal portion, 0.7"'"'; of the apical portion, 1.3"'"'; greatest diameter of last palpal joint, 1.26"""; least diameter of same, 1.15""": lengtii of femora of first pair of legs, 8.75'"'"; of second, 7"""; of third, 3.5"'"': '^f fourth, 7"""; length of third pair of legs, 0.5"""; of fourth pair, 18.5'"'".
Florissant. One ,t, Nos. 5000 and 58!)H.
TETHNEUS, gen. nov. iSytfaHa,).
Under this name are iiere grouped several evidently nearly allied spe- cies of spiders, which closely resemble in general aspect those placed und^r Epeira, but which differ also from them in certain features, and in these same characteristics appear to differ also from all other Epeirides, to which family they evidently belong. The}' are compact in form, with short and stout legs of not ver}- unetpial length, and in particuj.ir the fiist two pairs of legs are unusually heavy. The second and foui-th pairs of legs are of nearly equal length, or the second pair may be slightly longer; the feniora of the first and second pairs of leg.-i are at base as broad as or even broader than half the width of tiie cephalothorax, and the longest legs are lass, gen- erally consideridjly less, than twice as long as the body. The species are of medium size.
TdbU of the K/jecies of Te'hiieus.
Ceiihalic and thoracic portions oi the coraelot soparatod by a distinct rectangular incision.
Last palpal joint of male globose 1. T.giiyoti.
Last palpal joint of male elongated 4. 7'. provectiis.
No lino of demarkation between the two parts of tlio corselet.
Smaller species, cephalothorax regularly obovate 2. 7'. ohduralus.
Larger species, cephalothorax ovate, nearly pyriforni :i. T. henizii.
1. Tethnkus guyoti. PI. 11, Figs. 8(3), 10 (S).
< '' ! ualothorax roundly obovate, not much longer tlian broad, broadest beh'ni' the middle, the cephalic separated from the; tiioracic portion by a deep incision, reaching nearly to the middle of the whole section ; and behind
1
AKACHNIDES— ARANEIDES— OUBITELAKI^.
79
it is a distinct, short, median furrow. The front is well rounded; nothing can be said of the eyes; the last palpal joint of the male is very large and globose, the basal joints evidently short. Abdomen a little larger than the cephalothorax and of the same general form, but more rogidarly obovate. Legs, especially in the male, rather short, the femora being also very stout ; tibia3 and tarsi (but not the fomoia) furnished with a superior row of irreg- ularly alternating, somewhat divergent, long and slender spines on either side.
Length of body, S 7.75, ? 8.5"""; of cephalothorax, ,( 3.5, ? 4.25™"; width of same, rT 3.8, 2 3.25"""; length of abdomen, ,( 4.25, ? 4.25"""; width of same, S 4, 9 3.5"""; diameter of last palpal joint, ,? 1.4'""'; length of first pair of legs, S 12.75-12, ? 13.5°""; its tibia, S 4.2-4'"'"; tarsi, S 5.1-4.5'"™; width of femora, S 1.2-1, ? 0.8™"; second pair, ,? 11.75-10.5, 9 14.25"""; its tibia, S 4-3.25™"'; tarsi, c? 3.75-3.75™™; third pair, S 7.75-G.5, ? 8.5™™; its tibia, c? 2.5-2, $ 2.5"'™; tarsi, S 2.5-2.25, J 3.5™"'; fourth pair, r 9.25-8, ? 12.75™™; its tibia, S 3.25-2.5, ? 4™™; tars-" ,? 3-2.5, ? 4.25™™.
The second measurements of the legs of the male are of a smaller indi- vidual. It will be seen that the second pair of legs are proportionately longer in the female than in the male, where they are shorter than in the first pair.
The species is represented by four individuals, one of them in dupli- cate. All but one are males and, excepting one male, all are tolerably pre- served.
Named for the late Prof Arnold Guyot, to whose kindness I am indebted for the opportunity of studying the Princeton collection of Floris- sant i isects.
Florissant. ?, No. 320; <?, Nos. 8265, 8311, and from the Princetoa collection, one ,?, Nos. 1 .808 and 1.854.
2. Tethneus obduratus. PI. 11, Fig. 31 ( 9 ).
This species is represented by a single rather poor specimen, pretty certainly affiliated with the others of this genus, but smaller than any of them. The cephalothorax is of a very regular obovate form, nearl}' half as long again as broad, with a small, cii-cular, dark, oentrnl spot ; no line of demarkation of the cephalic and thoiacic portions can ha seen ; the front is
80
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
strongly convex, but no certaia trace of the eyes can be made out. The palpi (female) are stout and large, tapering apically, but bluntly pointed. The legs are very stout, but unfortunately hardly an}- of them perfect.
Length of cephalothorax, S.O""" ; breadth, 2.7'""' ; projection of palpi beyond front, 2"""; their breadth, 0.4"""; breadth of fore femora, l-"" ; length of femora of first pair of legs, 2"™ ; tibia;, 3'""' ; femora of second i)air of legs, 2.5"'"'; tibifle, 3'""'; tarsi, 3""" ; femora of third pair, LS""; tibite, 2°'" ; tarsi, 2.5'""' ; femora of fourth pair, 2.25™"'.
Florissant. One ?, No. 7177.
3. Tethneus hentzii. PI. 11, Fip. 14(3).
Tethnmui hetiMi Scudder, Zittel, Ilamll). d. l'al:..()iit., I, ii, 744, flg. 928 (ISaS).
This species is represented by seven individuals, one of them in dupli- cate and all of them males. About half of them are well preserved. The cephalothorax is short ovate, almost pyriform, broadest behind and strongly convex in front, with no demarkation between the cephalic and thoracic portions of the corselet ; although there are traces of the eyes, their position and relations can not be satisfactorily determined. Palpi short, the terminal joint barel}' separated entirely from the front, very large and globose, a little longer than broad by reason of a broad bulbous protrusion of the anterior extremity, which, however, is not clearly apparent in all the speci- mens by their mode of preservation ; in one specimen the upper anterior extremity, and that only, is covered with rather long and close bristly hairs, forming an open tuft. Abdomen nearly circular, a little longer than broad, only a little larger than the cephaiothorax and of a lighter color than it, with a darker, broad, median patch not so deep in tint as the cephalothorax. Legs short, stout, tapering, spinous, and hairy throughout, of not greatly unequal length, the femora very stout and tapering more rapidly near the tip than elsewhere.
Length of body, (5 5"'"' ; width of same, 3"'" ; length of cephalothorax, 3.5"""; of al)domen, 3.26"'"': longer diameter of last joint of pal;)i, 1.4"""; length of first pjiir of logs, 13.75"'"'; its coxa, 1.4'"'": femur, S.l"'"'; tibia, jmm . r^,.^^ tarsal joint, consolidated w'th the tibia, 2.75""" ; the tarsus proper, 5n,m. lenjrthof second pair of legs, 11.5"""; its coxa, 1.5"""; fem;:r, 2.7"""; tibin, 1"""; first tansal joint, 2.3'"'"; tarsus oropor, !"""; length of third pair
■'
*
ARACHNIDES— AKANKIDES-ORBITELARLE.
81
'
■'
of legs, 7.25°"" ; its coxa, CTS""™ ; femur, 2""' ; tibia, O.S™"' ; first tarsal joint, 13°""; tarsus proper, 2.4™"' ; length of fourth pair of legs, ;>.25""" ; its coxa, 0.75"""; fenuir, 2.75""" ; tibia, 1™"'; first tarsal joint, 1.75"'"' ; tarsus proper,
Qmni
Named for the American arachnologist, the late Prof N. M. Hentz.
This species differs from T. guyoti in wanting a-. y distinct demarkation of the thoracic and cephalic portions of the corselet, in the spiny character (.- the femora, and in the longer and more tapering legs. It is also smaller,
Florissant. Seven S, Nos. 122G, 1447, 3860, GGOO, 8533 and 8635, 8689, 14982.
4. Tethnkus provectus.
PL 11, Fig. 21 ( 5 ).
Four specimens, one of them in duplicate and all of them tolerably preserved, represent both sexes of this species. Cephalothorax of female (that of the male too vague for determination of form) rounded subquadrate, broadest and subangulated behind the middle, the rapidly narrowing front almost straight anteriorly, and scarcely more than one-fourth the width of the posterior portion ; cephalic separated from the thoracic portion of the corselet by a rectangular incision and by the slightly concave curve of the sides of the anterior half; the cephaiic is also distinctly darker than the thoracic region. Nothing can be said of the eyes. Tiie last [)alpal joint of the male is large, rounded quadrate, about twi(!e as* long as broad ; tlie palpi of the female are as stout as the base of the front tarsi, hairy, tapering only on the apical half of the terminal joint, rather bluntly pointed, expending nearly as far beyond the front as the whole length of the cephalothorax. Abdomen as dark as the cephalic portion of the corselet, in the female plump, rounded, slightly ovate, considerably larger than the.cephaiothorax, the apex almost angulated ; in the male rounded subfusiform, much longer than the cephalothorax, but not greatly broader. Legs very hairy but without conspicuous spines, the femora very stout, and at the tip rapidly tapering, the rest of the legs diminishing in size less noticeably than in the preceding species.
Length of body. 6.5'"'" ; of cephalothorax, S'""" ; of abdomen, 3.5™"" ; breadth of cephalothorax, 2.8"'= ; of abdomen, 3.1""" r extension of palpi
VOL XIII- 6
82 TBRTIAUY INSEOTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
beyond front, 2.2™"'; length of firat pair of legs, 9.25""; its tibia, 3.25°"°; tarsi, 2.4""" ; .second pair of legs, 8""" ; its tibia, 2.75"" ; tarsi, 2.4"" ; third pair of legs, 5.5"" ; fourth pair of legs, 7"" ; its tibia, 2.3"™ ; tarsi, 2.3"". The nieiisnrements are all taken from the female.
This species is of about the same size as the last, but differs from it in its slenderer form, the shape of the cephalothorux, slightly slenderer and less tapering legs, as well as in the clothing of the same.
Florissant. One S, three i, Nos. 8141, 13519 and 13522, 13524 (?), 14991 {S).
EPEIKA Walckenaer.
Only a very few species have been described in a fossil state under this generic name. Heyden figured a Gea krantzii from the Miocene beds of Rott on the Rhine which Thorell considers an Epeira and which is about the size of E. delita, but wliicli does not resemble any of our sptcies, Heer figures an Epeira molassica fi-om Ooniiigen, considerably larger than any of the Florissant Epeirae, but perhaps more nearly resembling E. delita than any of the others. iVfonge names but does not describe an E. eogena from amV)er, three millimeri^rH long, or of about the size of our smallest spe- cies; and tinallv Bertkau lias more reeentU described and figured a second species from Rott, under the name of E. troschelii, which bears no small rosemblamce Iw «>ar E. meekii, mth wfarich also it ajjrees v«»ry well in size.
Seven sp«!ciea are h«re descrSbed and othters in(firrtt»«d, fin's genus being the only one represente<l <n bonfti conxnentH in Tertiary times which is richei' in speei«H in Amerittu. The genus is found in all parts of the world, ind 'ta orcuiTe?M?e in sncli numbei-s in ttie Florissant be<ls is a point of no sijrniticande li*^<>nd the cora))ari8on just made with the European Tertiariea. tfcKjtol»er, 1K8L-.
Table iif the ipeeiei of Epeira.
Cephalic diatHatf|MSHMfMI ftniniite tliorwiic part of the oephalotliorax.
Laqpi^pMnB: tant^^f i»fhal«tMirax exciwMl in the male 1. A\ meekii.
SauMfmfmmm. fawturf < inipliii lannorax rc;;aiiBriy convnx iu the male ...2. E. absoondila.
CmhaiteaMl ^hmmib paMtaasatHhe cophaiothorax completely blended,
Alitlonma dnttuMltr •**■*<* - 3. £. deliUi.
Friint nr abdomen quatbrnte, sk broad aa iu the middle 4. E. cinrfacla.
Abdoiiitt; learly jrlobnlar
Liirpf Bpecii'H: abdomen tmaller than cephalotbor.ix ". E. vucanalii.
Smaller species ; abdomen itatter than cephalothorax 6. E. emertoni.
ARACHNIDBS— ARANEIDES— OBBlTELABIJi:.
83
1. Epeira meekii.
PI. 11, Figs. 2 ( 9 ), 17 ( i ).
Cephalothorax of the male large, the thoracic portion nearly circular, scarcely longer than broad, imd distinctly separated from the cephalic por- tion, which is subquadrate, expanding anteriorly, the sides scarcely curved, at the extreme front parallel, the front deeply and angularly incised, the whole about half as large as the thoracic portion. Cephalothorax of female moderately large, compact, the thoracic portion as in the male, but only a little largei- than the square thoracic portion, the latter being equally broad in front and behind, with scarcely convex sides and a slightly excised front, and sparsely furnished, especially ahtng the front, with stiff bristles resem- bling those of the palpi. Tiie cephalotliorax is marked by a rather broad, dark, median band and two fainter, dark, (ixtrenie lateral bands. Abdomen globular, scarcely longer than l)road, a little shorter (<?) or a little longer ($) than the cephalothorax, the median portion very broadly marked with brown, deepening toward the middle. Some of the eyes can be seen at the edge of the front in the female, showing simply that they are of the usual size a,nd the two outer separated by their o\\ n diameter. The ))alpi of the female are tolerably stout, stouter than the tar.si, as long as the cephiilitfho rax, abruptly terminated, and fuinished somewhat abinidantly witii bristles, considerably longer than the width of the palpi; those of tlio mule have the apical portion large, heniispheri(ta!, and hairy, cimvexity forward, together nearly as large as the cephalic pirtion of the cepi alothorax, and separated from that by a [)eduncle as long as it; from the iimer edge of one projects a gently subfusifomi, slender, arcuate ril)bon, as long as the width of the terminal joint and direrted forward, with the < onvexity inwjird. The tibite are armed above on either side with a row of distant bristles, scarcsely longer than the width o£ the tibia and farther apart than their length; in the fei,, lie a few scattered l)ristles also occur on the ftmiora. especially on the front pair. The fourth pair of legs is sliorter than the second in the male, equal to or scarcely hmger than the second in tlie female; the third pair of 1 gs is not perfectly preserved in either of the male specimens, but in the female is half the length of the first.
Length of body, ,? 7""", 2 8"""; of ceplialothorax, S 2.8'"'", 9 3.5""': of aMomen, c? 4.2""", ^ 4.5™"' ; width of same. 7 3"*", 9 4.2"'"' ; length of first
84
TKKTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
'"'"' ^ r).76"'"
pair of legs, S 1(>.5""", 'i U™"'; tibiar, <? 5""", ? 4'"'"; tarsi. ,f b second pair of legs, .? 15""", ? 12.7.5""" ; tibioc, <? 3.2;')"'", ? 2.,5""" ; tarsi, c? G"™, ? 5.5"^"'; third pair of legs, 9 7"'"'; tibiae, ? 1.75"'"'; tarsi, ? S™""; fourtli pair of legs, (? 12"™, 2 IS™"; tibiae ^ 3 5"'™, ? 3.5"'"'; tarsi, c? 4.4""", ? 5"'"'; length of palpi, c? 1.75'""', ? 2.1'"'".
This specos is readily distinguished from the others of the genus here descril)ed by its considerably larger size. It is named after the late Mr. F. H. Meek, nnicli of whose paleontolog^cal \vork was done in conjunction with Dr. Hayden. It resembles in general appearance as well as in size the less well preserved E. troschelii Bertkau from Rott on the Rhine, but has proportionally longer legs and especially much longer hind legs ; the disproportion of size between the cephalothorax and abdomen is also greater.
Floris.sant. Three specimens; two /, Nos. 9211, 8221, one $, No. 3204.
2. Kpeira auscondita. I'l. 11, Fig. ; (c?).
3Ial('. — Cephalothorax subrotund, the cophiilic portion hemispherical, almost black, about half the size of the thoracic i)art and separated from it ill (he lateral outline by a distinct incision; front broadly and regularly rounded ; thoracic ])ortion with well i-ounded sides, the middle half very niMch darker tliaii the rest, forming a broad, mwlian, dark brown band. Abdomen sul)rotund, longer than broad, scai-cely com))ress('d, of the same size as the ccphalothoi-ax, with faint indications of a broad median l>and, deejiest in tint at the extremities of the segments. The eyes can not be seen. The palj)i are sessile, the terminal joint appearing just beyond the front, lai-ge and globose, perhaj)s a Kttle broader posteriorly than anteriorly. The legs are stout, especially the femora, not very long, the tibijc furnished with distant, widely divergent, delicaie bristles, considerablv longer than rt*f' width of the tibia, situated on eitiier side. They are not completely pre- served, but have been worked out of the stone since the plate was engraved, so that thoy 'ire more perfect than would thei-e appear. The fourth pair, though not com|)letel}- preserved, is apparently longer than the second, as the basal jttints ai»> longer.
Length of body, 4.25'""'; of cephaiothorax, 2"""; of abdomen, 2,25'""'; width of same, 1.8"'"' ; length of first pair of legs, 11.25"'"' ; tibia% 3™"' ; tarsi, 46""" ; second pair of legs, 9.75'"'" : tibia>, 2..")""" ; tarsi, 3.4"'"' ; third pair of
\
AUACIINIDES-AUANEIDES— OKHlTKI.AKLt:.
85
legs (broken), 5.6'""' ; fourth pair of legH (broken), S""" ; of i)iirt previous to tibia, a.2""" ; diameter of palpi, 0.45""".
This species differs from E. meekii in size, in the shape of the cephalo- thorax, the stouter femora, and more sparsely armed tibise.
Florissant. One (?, No. 75»3.
3. Epeiha dkmta. PI. 11, Fig. 6 {SI).
Cephalothorax rounded obovate, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended, the sides uniforndy rounded, the front very convex, with no eyes that can be seen; neither are the palpi preserved, the part figured between the front legs having no relation U> the spider ; it is judged to be a male from the small size of the abdomen which is ovate, no larger than the cephalothorax, largest in front of tlie middle, but here sliglitly narrower than the cephalothorax, tapering slightly behind, and well rounded at the extremity. The legs have verv stout femora, those of the front pair taper- ing in the middle, and both femi/t a and tibia' and e\en the basal part of the tarsi, but especially the tibiae, armed with very long, very distant, deHcate, divergent spinules considerably longer than, sometimes almost twice as long as, the width of the tibiae ; the basal joint of the tibia; tapers perceptibly. The second pair of legs is represented too long in the plate, though it is unusually long, not greatly falling behind tlie tirjst pair and exceeding the fourth in length nearly as much as that exceeds the third pair.
Length of body, 4.75'"'" ; of cephalothorax, 2.25'"'" ; widtli of .same, 2'"'"; length of abdomwi. 2.5'"'"; of first pair of legs, 11.5°""; tibia>, 3.5"""; tarsi, S""™ ; second pair of legs, d.S""" ; tibia;, 3.25°"" ; tarsi, 4.2'""' ; third pair of legs, 7.5'"'" ; tibiae, 2""' : tar.si, 2..5""" : fourth pair of leg.s, 9""" ; tibial, 2.25""'"; tarsi, 3.75'"'".
I'liis s;)ecies agrees well with E. abscondita in size, but is leadily dis- tinguished both from it and from E. meekii in the uniform character of the cephalothorax and the relative length of the legs.
Florissant. One <?, No. 13523.
4. EpEIRA CINEFACTA.
PI. 11, Fig. 16 ( ,J ).
Jlfa^e.— Cephalothorax globose, blackish, the dividing line between it and the abdomen concealed by the overhanging quadrate front of the
86
TEItTIARY INHKCTS OF NORTH AMEKIOA.
abdomen, and the ceplialic and tlioracic portions completely blended ; possi- bly it is slightly longer than broad. The e3'es can not be made out; the terminal joint of the palpi (as preserved, sessile) is moderately large, globular or slightly ovate, black, but none of the internal structure can be made out. Abdomen subquadrate, tapering very slightly from in front backward, the front straight with well rounded lateral angles, the posterior extremity well rounded, the whole nearly twice as long as broad, the sides nearly straight. Legs closely resembling those of E. delita, the second pair l»eing unusually long, but oven more than in that species exceeding proportionally the extent of the fourth pair ; the femora are only moderately stout, and, like the tibia', though to a less extent, are furnished with delicate spirndes, less divergent but more abundant than usual, exceeding in length the width of the tibia?.
Length of body, ii""" ; width of cephalothorax, 1""" ; length of abdomen, 2.25"'"; its width anteriorly, 1.65"""; posteriorly, L2""" ; diameter of Last palpal joint, 0.35™" ; length of first pair of legs, !)""» ; tibije, 2.9"'"' ; tarsi, 4"""; .second pair of leg.s, 8""" ; tibijB, 2.1""" ; tansi, 3.5""" : third pair of legs, 4.Ho"'""; tibise, 1.3"'"'; tarsi, 2.1""" ; fourth pair of legs, 6..5"""; tibite, 2"'"' ; tarsi, 2.5'"™.
This species differs from all others of the genus here described in the shape of the abdomen, which is elongate, and the sides oi' which are not rounded l)ut subparallel. In the chai'acteristi(!s of the legs, however, it re- sembles the preceding. A single male, represented by both obverse and reverse, is better preserved than the figure in the plate would indicate, as the form of the whole abdomen can be seen as wcdl as of the last palpal joint. The figiu'e morevcr indicates the shape of the body altogether wrongly, as the cephalothorax should be smaller and the abdomen should taper con- siderably behind, as the measurements show.
Flori.ssant. One ?, No. H576 and HSOC.
5. El'KIRA Vll.CANALIS.
Mah'. — Cephalothorax nearly globular, scarcely longer than broad, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended, but marked by a large semicircular depression anteriorly, occupving a little more than the front, i.e., encroaching upon the lateral margin, and of a darker brown than the thoracic portion. Front somewhat convex, with insufficient trace of eyes. Cheliceres stout, as long as the cephalic portion of the corselet, tapering, bluntly rounded at the tip. Last joint of palpi very large, nearly as large
AHAOIINIDKS— AHANKIFJKS— ORUrTKLAUIiK.
87
itH the cephalic part of the corselet, blackish, glctbular, itw jirnxinial end us preserved lying just beyond the tip of the cheliceres, the stalk not pre- served. Abdomen lighter colored than the cephalothornx, snialhu' than it, sul^lobular, a little flatten, .i at base, with a pair of subdorsal series of black points in a slightly curving row, its convexity outward ; the anal jilate darker, circular, not half so large as the apical joint of palpi. liCgs long, of very unequal length, the femur much stouter than the tapering parts beyond, furnislit-d rather abundantly with diverging spines nearly to the tip,
LengtlK.f body, 3.5"'"'; of cephahnhorax, 1.7"""' . of abdomen, 1..V""; of cephalic portion of corselet, 0.6"'°'; of cheliceres, 0.65"'"'; breadth of cephalothorax, 16"'"'; of abdomen, 1.6"""; diameter of palpal swelling, 0.65""" ; length of first pair of legs, 7.25""" ; femora, 2™"' ; tibii«, 2"'"' ; tarsi, 3.25""'; second pair of legs, 6"""; femora, 1.4"""; tibia;, 2™"'; tarsi, 2.6""; third pair of legs, 2.9"": tarsi, 1.4""; fourth pair of legs, 4.7'"™; femora, 1.65""; tibial, 1.25""; tarsi, 1.8""".
This species resembles E. emertoni in general aspect, but i« much larger than it, and differs from it in several important points, such as the rotundity and especially the much greater size of the cephalothorax as compared with the abdomen, and the greater stoutness of the femora.
Florissant. One g, No. 5784.
6. Epeiba emertoni. PI. 11, Figs. 15 ( 3 ), 10 ( 9 ).
Male. — Cephalothorax dark brown, snbglobose, a little longer than broad, the cephalic only distinguished from the thoracic portion by a slight bend in the curved outline ; front well rounded with no sign of eyes ; last joint of palpi blacki.sh, very large, globular, more than half as large as the cephalic portion of the cephalothorax, nearly twice as broad as the length of the basal joints, containing a falcate ribbon of slender and uniform width, nearly as long as the diameter of the joint, bent at its distal edge, bluntly pointed at the tip, which is situated near the middle. Abdomen light brown, globular, slightly larger than the cephalothorax. Legs moderately long, rather sparsely haired, the femora tolerably stout and furnished with dis- tant, slender, divergent spinules, hardly so long as the width of the joint, and which also appear in one or two places only on the tibiae.
Female. — Cephalothorax black, globular, with no sign of distinction hetween the cephalic and thoracic portions ; neither eyes nor palpi are pre-
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TKUTJAKY LNSKCTS OF NOllTH AMKUICA.
served. Abdomen dark })rown, especially in a very broad median band occupying fully half the width of tlie dorsal aspect, short ovate, nearly half as broad af^ain as the cephalothorax, and oidy about one-third as long again as bro«d. Legs apparently rather short (they are not well preserved and mostly bent beneath the body), sparsely haired, witli slight trace of spinules.
Length of bod>-, / 2.25""", 2 3.75""' ; of cephalothorax, .? 1"'"', $ L35"'"'; width of same, <f U.ii"'"', , l.a"'"' ; length of abdomen, c( 1.25""", ? 2.4"""; width of same, ,f 1"'", 9 1.8"""; diameter of last palpal joint, ,? 0.35"""; length of first pair of legs, ,? 4.65""", ? 3.25""" (plus tarsi); tibia;, ,( 1.5""", ? 1"""; tarsi, (? 1.75'""'; of second pair of legs, ,^ 4.2"'"', ? 2 6'"'" (plus tarsi); tibije, c? 1.3""", 2 0.8"'"'; tarsi, S 1.75'""'; of tliird pair of legs, <r 2""" ; of fourth pair ot legs, cf 3.25'""'.
It is ])Ossible of course that this ,? aiul ? do not belong together, in which case the male as tiie most perfectly preserved should be considered the type of the species. It is smaller than any other of the species referred hero to Epeira, excepting perhaps the one to which no name is given, and it differs from all in the globular or nearly globular form of the cephalo- thorax as well as in other characteristics, as will appear on comparing the descriptions. The species is named for Mr. J. H. Emerton, whose papers on North American ArachnidiB have been of much assistance to the writer.
Florissant. One <?, one ?, Nos. 8777, 5117.
A single specimen, apparently a female, which is also provisionally leferred to this species, is considerably smaller than the other female and has more densely hairy legs (almost the only parts preserved), the lengths of which are as folhnvs : first i)aii', 3.5"'"' ; second pair, 3.25'""' ; third pair, 1.7""" ; fourth pair, 3.25""'.
Florissant. One 9- , No. 10998.
Epeika sp. PI. 11, Fig. 1.
A single specimen, figured in PI. 11, Fig. 1, is the only representative of a species apparently of Epeira, certainly distinct from the others, but too poorly preserved to indicate more. The outlines of the body are almost altogether obliterated, and it can only be said that it is one of the smallest species, being larger only than the smallest specimen referred to E. emer- toni, but clearly distinct from that in the much greater stoutness of the femora, which are indeed unusually robust, and the length of the third pair
ARAOHNIDKS— AKA>K1DES— ORHITELAULE.
81)
of legs, whicli appear nearly to equal tlie fourth. It is impossible to say to
what sex it belongs.
Length of Mrst pair of legs, 5.5""" ; of third pair, 7"'"' ; tibia, 2"'"'; tarsi,
2.5°"" ; of femora and tibia of fourth pair, 4""" ; width of its femora, O.?™"" ;
length of its tibia, 2'""'.
Florissant. No. 9285.
Epeira sp.
Several specimens represent legs of the same or allied species of spidur of about the size of Epeira riparia Hentz ; the femora and tibiae and tlie sides of the tarsi are abundantly supplied with longitudinal rows of fine, long, black spines, the claw double. Another preserves the spines alone of the same sort of leg.
Length of femora, T""' ; of tibiae, 7.75""" ; of tarsi, 3.25"'™ ; of claw, O.S"" ; of spines, 0.75"'".
Green River, Wyoming. Nos. 3, 4*, 36, 4199, 4200.
Epeira sp.
Still another, from the same locality as the last, shows the hairy, sub- fusilorm, ovate body of a spider apparently a little smaller than the above. Length of abdomen, 4.5"'"' ; breadth of same, LS""". Green River, Wyoming. No. 63.
Nephila Leach.
This interesting tropical genus has never before been found fossil, and although the species here described differs considerably from any with which I have been able to compare it, it is interesting to see some special points of comparison with a common species of our Southern States, as will be noticed further on. Its presence at Florissant decidedly indicates a warmer climate than the present, though not necessarily one much warmer
Nephila pennatipes.
PI, 11, Fig. 12.
Nephila pennatipes Scndder, Zittel, Handb. U. PHlieont., I, ii, 744, Fig. 926 (1885).
Cephalic portion of corselet square, with rounded angles, the front margin slightly excised in the middle ; two eyes only can be made out, situated posterior to the front margin by nearly their own diameter, of moderate size, less than one-fourth tl e >vidth of the terminal joint of the palpus, and placed rather nearer the middle line than the outer edge of the body. Palpi stout, not very long, bluntly rounded at tip* and exte.iding in
I
90
TKKTIAKY INSKCTS OF NOKTU AMBRICA.
front of the body by a little more than half the width of the front of the corselet. (Th^se organs are incorrectly given in the plate, which was drawn before the specimen had been properly prei)ared.)
The first pair of legs are the longest, the third the shortest, and the second and fonrth of eqnal length, moderately slender, tlie first and fonrth, and to a less degree the second, fumished at tlie extremity of the tibia? with a brush of coarse divergent hairs, giving this portion of the leg the appear- ance of being about half as broad again as it should be; all the joints of the legs can not be made out, but, to judge by analogy, the brush would appear to occupy about half (the distal Iialf) of the tibia; there appears to be no such brush on tlie third pair of legs, nor any marked increase of liairi- ness or stoutness of tlie hairs at the cijjs of the femora. The legs have also been worked out of the stone since the plate was drawn, so that they are nearly complete, 'vitli the exception of tlie appendages. With this omis- sion the tarsi compose scarcely less than two-fifths of the whole leo-.
The thoracic portion of the cephalothorax is subglobular, a little broader than the corselet and just equaling the width of the abdomen at its greatest at the end of the basal third ; the abdomen is oblong ovate, a1)0ut two and a half times longer than broad, with well rounded apex.
Length of body, 14"'"'; of abdomen, 8.5"'"'; width, 3.7"""; length of palpi beyond the front of body, 2"""; length of first pair of legs, 26"'"'; first tarsal joint, 8.2.V'"" : second joint, 2.25"""; of hair-tuft, 3.5-3.75"'"'; second pair of legs, 23""": first tarsal joint, 7,25"""'; second joint, 2.25'""'; of hair- tuft, 2..")"'"'; third pair of legs, 13.5"""; first tarsal joint, 4.5"""'; second joint, 1.5"'"'; fourth pair of legs, 23'""': first tarsal joint, 7'""'; second joint, 2"'"'; of hair-tuft, 4.5"""'; diameter of eves, (XTi"'".
The general resemblance of this spider to Nephila plumipes Koch of our southern Atlantic sea-board, familiar to us by the researches of Wilder, will strike every Ameri(!an naturalist jit a glance. It is, however, a much smaller species, if the fossil be fully grown, and differs from it in some striking point;!, vciy prol)al)ly of generic importance. The e^es differ con siderably, although the position of only two of those of the fossil species is known; the corselet is squarer in the fossil, and per contra the abdomen is oval and not quadrate; while the tarsi are unusually long in proportion to the whole leg; the tufts of hairs occur only on the extremity of the tibite. Nephila is essentially a tropical genus.
Florissant One ? , No. 11651.
T
i
NKDKOI'THUA.
91
^
T
ISTEUROPTEEA Linne.
Using this term in its lar^re sense, as. for convenience, we have done here, there is no group of fossil insects more interesting. In no otiier, unless it be the cockroaches among Orthoptera, do we find a considerable represeatation in all the rocks which have yielded fossil remains Still the time has, perhaps, not yet come for a careful historical survey of the group, since we are annually receiving large additions to our knowledge of the extinct types, and a consIdera))le number of those known have been insufK- ciently studied. Such a study, too, belongs essentially to the student of the older types, and would be less appropriate here, for it may certainly be stated with confidence that the types of existing Neuroptora were thor- oughly establisiied at the beginning of the Tertiaries. \Vith a single excep- tion, Ballostonia, no large group existed then and has since ex[)ired, nor is there a single existing type of any prominence which has not been found in the Tertiaries, unless we look upon the aberrant and until lately hardly known Scolopendrella as belonging here. Yet a large proportion of the genera of Tertiary Neuroptera are extinct ; that is, differentiation has gone on with the lapse of time, until the original characteristic features of an early group have been lost and new ones taken their place, and no species referred to in the following ])ages exists at the present time. 'J'he differ- ences between the Tertiary and existing forms are never very great, usually rather small, but they are constant and everywhere found.
The number of known Tertiary Neuroptera is considerable. For the sake of graphic comparison T have presented the facts as far as possible in the following table, where, in the European cohunns, the numbers at the right are the real total, the others representing those known from the rocks alone (excluding the amber) for the sake of comparing more fairly the yield of the European and American rocks. The numbers on the American side rej)resent with a singh; excejjtion (Phryganea hyporl)orea from Greenland) the result of nn- own studies only, and therefore the numerical estimate is presumably more correct than in the European; in the latter I have endeavored to give a fi^ir statement of the numbers, including a considera- ble proportion of mere indications, the value of which had to be weighed, Hometimes in a somewhat summary manner.
I
92
TEKTIAKY INHIiCTS OF NOltTH AMERICA.
Tabular liaUment of the known njwHef of Terliary yettroptera.
Grand total, 237.
|
Auii'i'i- caii. |
Kiiropeaii. Kxci. Iiiul, amber, i amber. i .... . i - |
Ameri- can. |
European. |
||
|
Exol. amber. |
Inol. amber. |
||||
|
nalloHtoma |
1 1 0 |
||||
|
Lepisniati(lic(Ciniira) |
0 0 |
18 10 |
|||
|
Poduridii' (Collciubola) |
|||||
|
Thysiiimra |
"2 6 0 1 0 c |
0 10 0 0 1 1 |
28 |
||
|
Termitina |
16 |
||||
|
Embidina |
1 |
||||
|
Psocina - - - |
13 |
||||
|
Perlina |
11 |
||||
|
Kpbetuorina |
7 |
||||
|
Agrionidip |
8 0 8 0 2 9 0 1 1 |
i» 1 10 3 4 7 2 15 *IT |
10 2 IS 5 5 10 2 15 lY |
||
|
CalontDrvBidn? |
|||||
|
Agrionina |
|||||
|
(Joniphidu) |
|||||
|
^scbnidiE ^li^schnina |
|||||
|
Cor(fiilidu' |
|||||
|
LibelluMdai |
|||||
|
Libelhilina |
|||||
|
Odonata |
11 |
31 |
39 |
||
|
Sialida* |
0 4 4 8 4 6 0 (1 2 |
1 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 |
a 1 3 H 0 8 2 1 1 4 |
||
|
Rapbidiiil.R |
|||||
|
Sialiua |
|||||
|
Hemerobidii! |
|||||
|
ChryHopidn! |
|||||
|
Hepierobina |
|||||
|
Ascalapbiua |
|||||
|
Myrmeleontina |
|||||
|
Couiopter ygida' |
|||||
|
Pauorpida; |
|||||
|
Planipennia |
12 |
6 |
1Q |
||
|
Hydroptilida; |
0 0 17 2 0 t2 ■ 4 ! |
0 0 0 0 0 t2 t5 |
2 2 16 5 4 3 S |
||
|
Rbyacophilidn; |
i |
||||
|
Hydropsychidas |
|||||
|
Leptocerida) |
|||||
|
Sericostomida! |
|||||
|
Limnophilidu; |
|||||
|
PhryganidiB Trichoptera |
1 25 |
7 |
40 |
||
|
j |
|||||
|
Total |
63 |
59 |
174 |
||
|
1 |
1
* This number is largely made up of larTiE. which may be the tame aa some of the iroagot. t Inclncline larral caaea.
NEUROrXERA.
93
1
This table brings to light some curious discordances when the species from the American and European rocks are compared. This indeed is marked in every instance where the numbers are considerable on either side, excepting in the Termitina, where we have six American to ten European species. Europe shows a decided superiority in the Odonata, where thirty- four species are offset l)y only eleven species in America ; and it is not a little curious (though not unexpected, considering the nature of the deposit) that it is here only that the amber fauna adds scarcely at all to the European preponderance. The American Thysanura find no counterpart in the European rocks, though the amber fauna counts no less than twenty- eight species, while the American representatives of the Ephemerina (six species), the Plani])eimia (twelve species), and the Trichoptera (twenty-five species) far outweigh the European examples, Ephemerina (one species), Planipennia (six species), Trichoptera (seven species). Tliis American preponderance is in every instance counterbalanced when the total Tertiary yield of Europe is brought to view, the Ephemerina showing seven species, the Planipennia nineteen species, and the Trichoptera forty species.
If the smaller groups are considered, there are some closer correspond- ences, as when we find eight species of American Agrionina to ten in the Euro- pean rocks, two American to one European HemerobidiE and Panorpida;, two American to two European Limno}diilida!, and four American to five Euro- pean Phryganida3. The discrepancies, however, are not less marked, for we find of groups unrepresented in European rocks four species each of KaphidiidjE and Chrysopidix;, seventeen of Hydropsychida% and two of Leptoceridai in American strata, which in the first two instances are hardly or not at all represented in amber. On the other hand, the European rocks show species of Calopterygida; (one), Gomphida) (three), Cordulidai (two), Sialidai (one), Ascalaphina (two), and Myrmeleontidaj (one), where the American rocks are wholly destitute. On the whole, the European rocks, as compared with the Amer'cai., are rich in Odonata and poor in p]phemerina, Planipennia, and Trie ioptera. While, if the entire Tertiary yield of Europe is considered, Ameriv^a nowhere shows a considerable pre- ponderance of forms excepting in the sn.all planipennian groups of RaphL- diida^ and Chrysopida;, while Europe has a very striking preponderance in Thysanura, Psocina, Perlina, iEschnina, Libellulina, and Hemerobidas, having in none of these cases less than four times as many-species as America. (February, 1884.)
I
94
riSKTlARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEUIOA.
Oi-der THYSANURA. Latreille.
All we have hitherto known of fossil Thysainim luis been derived from inclusions in aniher,* of v/hich about eig'hteen species of six or seven genera of Lepisinatidn- and ton species of four genera of Podnridit' are known ; aniong them are some \'ery remarkable forms. Florissant has yielded two species of this gniiip, the first that luue been found in rock deposits, and one of them in considerable numbers, representing a species of exceptional interest.
Suborder BALLOSTOMA Scudder.
For characters see under the single species, at the end.
PLANOOKPIIAl.US Scudder.
PL.ANOCKFHAMJfi ASELLOIDES.
(Seo tigiireH in text below.)
Planocephaliis melloides Sondd., Mem. Nut. Acad. Sciences, III, ei'i-OO Figs. (1885); in Zittel, Handb. Paliwout., I, ii, 77:i, Fig. 972 (1885); Bertk., Sitznngsb. niederrh. (jiesellscb. Natnr. u. Heilk., 18«5, 298 ( 1885).
Among the remains of animals in mj'^ hands found in the ancient lake basin of Florissant are about forty specimens of an onisciform arthropod, about a centimeter in length, whose affinities have proved very perplexing. This does not result from poorness of preservation, for among the numerous specimens apparently all the prominent extern:.i features are found com- pletely preserved, and even the course of some of the internal organs may occasionally be traced ; but it presents such anomalies of structure that we are at a loss where to look for its nearest kin.
It appears to be an aquacic animal. Its body consists of three large subequal thoracic joints, and an abdomen about half as hirge again as any one of them, with occasional indications of a feeble division into four seg- ments. These are the only jointed divisions that can be found in the body, there being no distinct head. The thoracic segments are so considered because each bears a pair of legs, whicli occur nowhere else. Their dorsal plates avo large, flat longitudinally, and arched transversely, smooth, and deeply and narrowly notched in the middle of the front margin. The first plate, in which the median notch is more conspicuous and open than in the
' Since this was written Brongniart has described a species from the Carbonifernns deposits of ( 'onnuentry, France.
NEUEOPTEBA— THY8ANUKA— BALL08T0MA.
96
others, also narrows and becomes more arched in front, so as to form a sort of hood. The legs are very broad and compressed, and adapted to swnn- ming, which was apparently their use, as there would be no need of such compression to crawl into chinks when the body is so much arched. They consist of a femur, tibia, and two tarsal joints, terminated b)- a single curved claw. The femur is very large, subovate, inserted (presumably by a coxa) in large cavities, those of opposite sides separated by their own width, and situated a little behind the middle of each segment. The tibia is also very large and subovate, but more elongated and squarer at the ends, being about twice as long as l»road, and fringed on the anterior edge b}- a row of delicate hairs as long as the width of the joint. Of the two tarsal joints, the
Fit;. 3.
Fig. 1, ilnrsal view j Fig. 2. lateral view ; Fig. .'1. trnnsvorne spctinnal viow of Pluiio ceplialim asellniclea from tiie 01ij;ucenBof Fluri.ixaiit, Colorailn, restnrncl, and niaenlflod about six diametera.
Fig. 1.
basal is a little the larger, being both longer and stouter. Each is armed at the tip internally with a tolerably stout sjjine of moderate length, and together they are a little longer than the tibia, much slenderer, and quad- rate in form. The terminal claw is about half as long as the terminal joint. The hind legs are somewhat stouter and the micMle pair a little shorter than the others ; but otherwise they closely resemble each other.
The different segments of the thorax, as stated, are protected above by the development of distinct chitinous plates, the lower edges of which are clearly marked, and extend downward to the concealment, on a side view, of the lower part of the body. The abdomen, however, seems to have no such specialization of the integument of the upper surface. It is stout, apparently well rounded transversely, and tapers to a produced but blunt tip, which is armed with a pair of slightly recurved stout claws, two oi-
96
TKKTIARY INSKOTH OF NOKTH AMERICA.
tlireo times u« loiij^ as the le{j;-clii\VH, arnuif^ed as if to drajr tlio lindy bacik- ward. Tlie abdomen is faintly divided into four segments, often entirely obscured. Of these the terminal Jisnally appears shorter than the others, whieh iu-e subequal.
These divisions of the body are all that appear to have belonged to the animal; ami it is the most remarkable fact in its organization that it cer- tainly had no distinct chitinous head. This is the more siirprising from the clearness with which the thoracic segments are marked. All that one can find preserved is what appears to be a ring of buccal plates terminating anteriorly the alimentary canal, and which was evidently capable of being thrust forward a long distance beyond the body. If it were not for the unusual preservation of the alimentary canal we should be forced to con- sider the head as lost from all the specimens, notwithstanding the nearly perfect preservation of the other parts ; but in several specimens the ali- mentary tulte can be traced with ease half tlhough the body, terminating in front in these more or less clearly j)reserved chitinous i)lates, arranged to forma circle a little .suuiUer than the coxal cavities. What is most remark- able is the extension of this alimentary tube and accompanying buccal plates like a pi-oboscis far beyou'' the limits of the body; sometimes forward (apparently through the anterior notch) to a distance in front of the first segment equal to half the length of the latter; more often directed down- ward as well as outward, perhaps between the front legs, and occasionally extending beyond the body to nearly or quite the entire leiujth of the same. It seems to leave its direct course within the body at about the middle of the first thoracic segment, directly in front of which position the buccal plates appear in one or two specimens, apparently in the position of repose. The various positions in which these buccal plates are found outside the body, both wluui their connection with the tube is traceable and when it is obscure or fails, shows how perfectly nu)vable a proboscis the creature pos- sessed. The external parts of the head, then, may be said to have been probably composed entirely of ii flexible, extensible mend)rane capable of protrusion as a fleshy proboscis, separated by no line of demarkation from the first thoracic segment, and bearing as appendages only a series of buccal plates for mouth-parts, and beyond this nothing — neither cranium, eyes, antennaj, nor palpi. In the absence of eyes, one would naturally look for the development of tactile organs of some sort; but nothing of the kind is
'
\
i
NKUHOI'TKUA-TIIYSAXlTRA-BATiLOaTOMA.
97
'
\
discovoruble on the most Ciirtifiil sptn-ijil HOiirch, unless Huch an office may be pert'ornied l)y lonif (hiliciito hairs which seem, in some few instances, to be scattered distiintly over the projected nioutii-tube.
A special study of the buccal plates in the twenty-four or twenty-five specimens whi<;h best show thcni {^ives no very satisfactory explanation of their form and relations. They have bcfsn said to form a rin<j, because in a considerable ninnber they are so arraufjed ; but it may be doul)ted whether this appearance is iu)t ilue to the Hakinj^- of the chitinous parts. Like the lips of the notches of tiie (horacic .se(,niients, the buccal apparatus was evi- dently m(.i<i dense and thicker than other tegumentary parts, for these are darker colored tiian the other parts and ofteTi carbonaceous. In this con- dition the central portions seem liable to flake away and leave the thinner edges with ragged fragments of the carbonaceous inner jjortions attacduul, thus frequently forming a, sort of irregular ring of dark chitine. On the other hand, it is just as counnon for fragments to become chipptnl out from the edges, or for roumled bits to fall out here and there, producing thereby an ahnost endless variety of present appearances. Among these it is diffi- cult to trace the clew to the original arrangement and form of the plates. One might anticii)ate that these would have occurred around the central orifice of a proboscis ; and if anything of this sort was present it would ap})ear the most ])robable (though e.\trem(dy doubtful) that there were four subtriangular plates of pretty large size, the lateral the larger, nearly meet- ing by their tips at the center. From specimens, however, which are least broken, it would seem quite as prol)able that the apparatus consisted of two attingent or overlapping circular plates, placed transversely, densest c(in- trally, which by their consolidation form an oval rounded mass. How such a pair of plates, or compound plates, could have subf,erved any pur- pose in the procuring of food I can not understand, but that such is their not nnfrequent appearance, especially when seen through and protected by the thoracic shield of the first segnu'ut, is nevertheless the fact. It is to be hoped that other specimens may set this matter at rest. Those at hand allow no more definite statement than has been made. About three-fourths of the specimens of this species show the buccal plates more or less distinctly. In all but three they lie outside the body, usually at a distance from it of about half the length of the first thoracic segment. In a fourth specimen they lie half protruding at the front edge of the body.
VOL XIII-
98
TEHTIAUY INSKOTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
TlioHo buccal pliitos, as alroiidy stiitod, are the only hard partH of the head, and the only appondajft*^. ludi'od, ihe only claim this portion of the body has to bo callud the head at all is that it is certaiidy the anterior ex- tremity of the di^^estive canal. On account of this peculiarity (»f the <tr<fani- zation of the head, the creature, which is certainly widely differi'ut from anythiiij? known, may be called I'lanocephalus {TrXayda,), KKpnXt)), and on account of its onisciform body, I'lanocephalus aselloides.
The hrst impression the sij^ht of tliis strunj^e headless creature conveys is tiiatof an isopod crustacean. Hut the limited inimber of legs at one puts its reference to the Crustacea out of question, since no abdominal legs at all are present. Even in the parasitic Crustacea, where some of the legs are aborted, the same is the case with the segments themselves and with the joints of the legs wliich remain. The clear distinction which obtains between the thoracic and abdominal region.s, and the limitation of the jointed legs to a single pair on eacii thoracic segment seems to lead (me strongly to the conviction that these important elements of its construction place it among insects. The structure of the legs and the small tapering abdomen furnished with small anal appendages tend to the same conclusion.
Wliere among insects it should be placed is more questionable. Think- ing it possibly a larval form, careful .seai-ch has been made among all the groups into which it could by any po.ssibility be presumed to fall, viz, among the Neuroptera and Coleoptera, but nothing in the slightest degree seeming to be related to it could be found, and its conspicuous size rendered it the less probable that a kindred form would be overlooked On account, how- ever, of its apterous character, and the discovery in recent years of certain curious types of animals (all of them, however, very minute), whose affini- ties have provoked more than usual discussion, my attention was early drawn toward certain resemblances which Planocephalus bears to the Pau- ropida among Myriapods and to the Thysanura, and here, if anywhere, its affinities seem likel}- to be found.
Its passing resemblance to the obtec^ted forms of Pauropoda which Ryder has ))ublished under the name of Eurypauropodida; is certainly very considerable, especially when it is remembered that the yoiuig of Pauropoda bear only three pairs of legs. The position of the more mobile part of the head of Eurypauropus beneath the cephalic shield is the same that the head of Planocephalus bears to the first thoracic shield ; and the mouth parts in
i
NKUUOl'TKRA— TIIY8ANURA— HALIiOSTOMA.
99
botha.a confined to a HOinowhat Himilar circular aroa; there are no eyes in either, and tho lo<rH terniinKto in .i Hiiif^Uj curved chiw.
On the other hand, not only are antennii". of a highly organized character developed in I'auropoda, hut the upper portion of the head carries a cephalic shield as large and conspicuous as the others; two pairs of l(!gs are de- veloped in the adult on every or nearly every segment of the body, and always on the abdominal to the same extent as on the thoracic segments, no ab(h)men being distinct from a thorax as in IManocephalus, but all the joints of tlie body entirely similar ; the k-ga of the I'auropoda are formed on the myriapodal type, consisting of cylindrical undifferentiated joints, while those of Planocephalus are hexapodal in character, having a clearly defined femur and tibia, and a two-jointed tarsus conspicuously smaller and shorter than the preceding joints, of different form and j)pically spined.
The closer, therefore, we compare these two types the less important seem the points of resemblance and the more important the points of diverg- ence between them ; for in the clear distinction of the thorax and abdomen, the absence of abdominal legs, and the structure of the legs themselves — fundamental features of its organization— .?lanocej)halus clearly belongs to the true hexapod type of insects.
Its prol)able reference to the Thysanura may be defended on both negative and positive grounds. There is no other group of hexapods to which it could be considered as more likely to belong, and there are some special thysanuran features in its structure, anomalous as it is. Since Packard has shown the reasonableness of placing the Symphyla (=:Scolo- peadrella) of Ryder in the Thysanura, with the Collembola and Cinura as coordinate groups, the range o;- the Thysanura has been extended, and as a group of equivalent taxonomic value to the larger divisions of winged insects it has seemed itself to gain a better ratio vivendi. It is not necessary, therefore, in considering the relations of Planocephalus to Thysanura as a v'hole, to limit ourselves to points of comparison which it may have to one or another of its subordinate groups, but consider any points of resemblance we may find to any of these groups indifferently. The thoracic segments remind us not a little of some Cinura, while the abdomen as a whole recalls many of the Collembola, its approximated pair of specialized anal append- ages being also like the variously developed organs of all Thysanura, and unlike anything we can recall in any myriapod. The legs, in the develop-
ms
■■
100
TEllTIAUY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMERICA.
mont of tlio basiil joints and in the smaller double-jointed tarsus, ure closely related to thosij of .some Cinura — builtr indeed upon the same general pattern, excepting that in Plauocephalus they are specisHy developed for swiunning. In the ciaw of our fossil genus we have sonjething decidedly thysanuriform. Wo Ii!:\(; heretofore spoken of the two tarsal joints as each a.rnied apically with an interior spine, but that of the final joint arises from the base of tiie curving claw, and takes on more or less its direction, though only half as' long as it, cau^^ing ii to resemble very closely the smallei dig't of the daw of both C*ollenibola and Cinura, which is always inferior to the larirer. and not infrecpieiitly, as in Jicpidocyrtus, etc., straight instead of curved
Of course, the rudimentary character of the h6ad and the entire obliter- ation of the cephalic plates rend(!r our fossil very distinct from any known type of Thysanura. Hut these features separate if (juita as widely from an}- other group that may ha suggested for it, and, taking into account the con- siderable development of the tl;ora''ic portions, we nuist look upon Plauo- cephalus as in some sense a lowly form, descended from a tvpe in which the head was developed at least to some extent, and this renders it moie probable that we have h.ere found its proj)er place. Moreover when we ex- amine the mouth-pai'ts of Fodnra, we find them partially withdrawn within the head, reduced in external presentation to a small circle at the end of a conical protrusion of 'A\o, under suie of the head. 1'ake away the cephalic plates, withdraw the mouth-parts to the same protection of the first thoracic segment which they now enjoy under the cephalic dome, imagine fur- ther that the mouth-parts could be protruded to their original position when covered by a cephalic shield, and we have about the same condition of things we find in Plauocephalus; indeed the extensibility of the mouth- parts be}'ond the thoracic shield seems (piite what one mighi expect after the loss of the hard parts of the head ; and the mouth-parts of Planocepha- lus bear much the same relative position to the first thoracic shield which cnose of Podnra bear to the cephalic shield.
Assuming, then, that Plauocephalus is a true hexa[)od, its general rela- tions are certaiidy with the Thysanura rather than with any other group; while tiie character of the legs, the half developed double claw, and the anal a[)pendage8 specialized to peculiar use are chu.'acters which are posi- tively thysamu-an. Add to this that wv find in Poduia something in u remote degree analogous to the cxtraoi'diuary mouth-parts of Plauocephalus,
•'
■■
NKUROPTKHA— THYSANUHA— I'.Ai-LOSTOMA.
101
t
which \VG -81(0111(1 in vain seek elsewhoro, and tho jji-ohability that wo. liiul here ita nearest allies is rendered very strong;-, and the more so tVom the diversity of form and type in this j^roup since the addition to it of Scolo- pendrella. The discovery of a collophore or something homologous to it would, we conceive, be decisive on tiie point; but the lateral preservation of nearly all the specimens v»f this fossil, and the obscurity of the base of the abdomen in nearly ail, not only forbid its determination in those yet found, but reiuler it dou*)tful if it will ever be discover d.
Tlie portition of this group among the Thysanura nuistbe an independ- ent one between the Cinura and tho Sympiiyla and of an equivalent value to them. For such a grou}) the name of Ballostoma is proposed, in reference to the remarkable jjower possessed of thrusting forward the gullet and mouth- parts. It would be characterized by tho peculiarity named, by the lack of any chitinous frame-work of the head, the ecpial deveiopnumt of three thoracic segments developed dorsally as shields, and all separated from a cylindrical abdomen, which is armed at tip with a pair of hooks for crawl- ing ; legs largely developed and with expanded and flattened f((mora and tibia;, the tarsi two-jointed. The principal points toward which attention should be directed for the more perfect elucidation of its structure are the buccal plates and a possible collophore.
Bertkau compares Planocephalus with an insect from the ])rown coal of Rott, Rhenish Prussia, described by Heyden as a mite under the nam** Lnnnochares antiquus. This Bertkau regards as a larval Galgulid, one of the Hemiptera, and he believes Planocephalus something similar ; but lie does not seem to me to justify this latter view, and the abundance of Pla- nocephalus with the absencu of mature Galgulidic at Florissant seem an cbstacle not easily thrown aside.
Ordinary length when extended, 7-8""" ; breadth, 2.5-3"'"' ; diameter, of month-parts, 0.5""".
Florissant. Sixty -six specimens, of which the best are Nos. .'502, 574, 3508, 5229, G933, 7907, 9782, 9896, 10551, 12807.
102
xERTIARY INSECTS OP FORTH AMERICA.
111.
Suborder CINURA Packard.
Family LEPISMATID^E Burmeistei'.
This group ' as heretofore been found fossil only in amber, where eighteen spec-^s of six or seven genera are known ; but a single species has been found in the shales of Florissant, Colorado.
LEPISMA Linnd *
The species provisionally placed here seems to differ decidedly f om known types in the structural character ^ of the legs, but the single speci- men preserved being very imperfect, it is not at present generically distin- guished. In the equality of the caudal setae it is nearest Lepisma, but the legs are very different. The femora resemble closely the broad coxae of some species of Lepisma, and would have been taken as coxae but for the slender, elongated joint which follows ; one of the legs, too, more perfectly preserved than the others, shows the short tarsus following the tibiae, and leases no room for doubt that the broadly expanded ovate disks on either aide of the body represent the femora, to which succeed a slender, rod-like tibia of equal length and of uniform slenderness. The abdomen consists of ten joints, tapering very gently, but at the extremity more rapidly.
Two amber species were referred to this genus by Koch and Berendt, one of which was thought to be almost identical with Lepisma saccharina, but Menge pointed out that, notwithstanding the resemblance between the two, they differ at almost every point. The group is cosmopolitan.
Lepisma platymera. PI. 12, Fig. 18.
A single specimen in -.tfhich the head, if preserved, is separated from the bod}', and the greater part of the thorax is lost, but the whole of the abdomen with the caudal setaj, some of the lateral bristles, and most of the legs are fairly preserved ; the latter do not appear in the figure. The abdomen is slender and only slightly tapering, excepting on the last three segments, which n&rrow more rapidly, so that the tip of the f.bdomen is about half as broad as its base. The legs are very remarkable for the size and great expansion of the femora and the contrasted linear tibiae; the
NEUROPTERA— TERM ITIN A.
103
femora ai'e ovate flattened disks, distally subacuminate, more than twice as long as broad, as long as (fore and middle femora), or even longer than (hind femora), the width of the base of the abdomen ; the tibia? are as long as the femora and scarcely stouter than the caudal seta;, while the tarsi are scarcely if any slenderer than the tibiaj and less than half their length ; a few lateral bristles nearly as long as the width of the abdomen can be seen, indicating that one such projected from either side of each abdominal seg- ment, that borne by the last segment being somewhat longer than the others. The caudal seta; are of nearly equal length, the central slightly longer than tiie lateral which divaricate gently, and are nearly if not quite as long as the body. Nothing can be made of the detaclied head extremity more than its slenderness, it being about half the width of the base of the abdomen. Probably the body was fusiforni in outline, slender, tapering from the middle of the thorax more rapidly forward tlian backward. The last abdominal segment is somewhat abruptly truncate.
Length of abdomen, 5.5°"° ; breadth at base, 2"™ ; at tip, 0.8'"°' ; proba- ble length of fore and middle femora, 2""" ; their breadth, O.S"""' ; probable length of hind femora, 3"'"; their breadth, 0.9"'"'; length of tibise, 1.75'"°'; of tarsi, 0.75°'°' (perhaps incomplete) ; length of outer caudal sets^, S'"™ ; of middle caudal seta, 8.5°"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1 693.
Family TERMITINA Stephens.
It has generally been supposed that the white ants were present and tolerably well represented in paleozoic rocks, but most of the species which have been referred to this family have been shown by recent researches to belong to the Protophasmida, and the others to various neuropteroid Pala;- odictyoptera. At least half a docen species are known from the mesozoic rocks, however, most of them coming from the Lias of England, Germany, and Switzerland, the most common type being the extinct genus Clathro- termes Heer, peculiar for its iUnnerous, transverse, gently oblique cross- veins in the costal field and for the dark, quadrate spots wiiich usually ac- company these and other cross-veins. If we are to follow PI Geinitz, the species must have been exceedingly variable. Two white ants also occur in the oolite of Bavaria, which Hagen refers to Termes proper. (1885.)
104
TERTIAllY INSECTS OF NORTH AMliIKlCA.
The family of 'renuitina is represented in the Tertiaries of ?]ur()pe by twenty -nine nominal species. Hagen, however, asserts that several of those pnrportinji' to come from amber are in reality copal species, and this, with synonyms and sj)ecies morely nominal, reduces the actual luimber to sev- enteen. It is doubtful if one of these, T. peccauie Massal, is a Termes at all, and if it is, its position can not be furiher defined The number may therefore be considered sixteen; besides this, a species has been indicated without name from the En":lish Tei'tiaries.
Of these sixteen, six come from amber, belonging' to three genera (Calotermes two species, 'lerniopsis three, and 'I'ermes one); six from Kadoboj, also of three genera (Hodotermes two species, Termes two, and Eutermes two); and three from Oeningen, of two genera (Hodotermes two species, Termes one — the same as found at Radoboj). Besides these there is a Calotermes from Rott, and a Hodotermes from Schossnitz
The section comprising the genera having a branched scapular vein is therefore represented by eleven species (Calotermes three, Termopsis three — from amber only, Hodotermes live), while the section with simple scapular has only five species (Termes three, Eutermes two). The nominal and doubtful si)ecies (and, it might be added, most of the synonyms) fall into the latter section, and should doubtless increase it somewhat. As it stands the first section has two-thirds of the fossil species.
Thirteen of these sixteen species are entered in Hagen's Monographie der Termiten; the others have siiice been published; and it is noteworthy that of the eighty-four uioderu species contained in this monograph fifty- five, or nearly two-thirds, belong to the second section; in other words, only 31 per cent of the Tertiary, but 65 per cent of the recent species, be- long to the second section.
I'he additions to the Tertiary Termite-fauna here made are in entire keeping with these st;itistics; six species are described, of which four be- long to the first, and two to the second, section, raising the number of Ter- tiary species to twenty-two, or about one-fourth the number of recent species.
Of these six species, three belong to a new extinct genus, apparently peculiar to America, but possibly including some of the species from the European Tertiaries; another is referred doubtfully, from want of suificient data, to Hodotermes, which has yielded species from Radoboj, Oeningen,
NEUKOl'TKltA— TEKMITINA.
105
and Schossnitz, as well as among modern types; while the other two prob- ably fall into Eutermes, and are allied to, but considerably smaller than, the species from Radoboj placed with many modern types in the same genus. They are perhaps more nearly allied to, as they certainly agree better in size with, the two species of'Termes found living in the neighbor- ing valley of the Fontaine qiii Bouille. Calotermes, which has furnished species from amber and the Rhenish basin, Termopsis, which has more fos- sil (amber) species than recent, and Termes proper, whicli 's represented at Oeningen and Radoboj and in amber and the Rhenish basin, all seem to be wanting in the American Tertiaries. The composition of the white-ant fauna of the ancient F'lorissant, to which locality the known American fossils are confined, differs considerably from that of the localities known in the Kn- ropean Tertiaries, but resembles that of Radoboj more closely than it does any other, as will appear from the following table of representation:
FirBi division.
|
Florissant. |
Radoboj. |
|
Pivrotermes insignia. |
|
|
PaiotcTines liagonii. |
|
|
Paroternips fodinie. |
|
|
Horiotf rmes f coloradensis. |
Hodotcrmi'N liaidinKeri. |
|
I (odoteriiiOH iiroceiiiH. |
Second diinaion.
|
Eutermes fnssariim. Euternies lueadii. . |
Termes juistinuH. Enteniies obscuriis. Euterinus croaticus. |
Out of one hundred and fifty-three specimens of amber white ants ex- amined by Hagen only a single larva, and no soldier, was found ; all other fossil individuals have also been winged specimens; but it is worthy of special /eniark that in the collection of twenty-six individuals from Floris- sant one is a larva. The scarcity of such forms, whether in amber or lacustrine deposits, is easily explained by the habit of life of these creatures.
The very presence of so considerable a number of Termitina (twenty- six specimens, six species') in the Florissant beds is indicative of a much
' According to ?Iagen (Linn. Eut., vol. la, p. 244) no locality in the world has yielded more than nine species of livinj; types; they so rarely niimlior more .than four, that he ha<l formerly indicated this as the limit, so far as knowu.
i i
106 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
warmer climate formerly than the locality now enjoys. Only three species of white ants, and of these only one belonging to the section with branched scapular vein, have been recorded from the United States north of the Gulf margin, excepting on the Pacific coast, where one or two more extend as far north as San Francisco. Yet seventeen species in ivil are recorded from North America by Hagen in 1861, and some have since been added to the list; while his South American list (nearly all from Brazil) includes thirty- one species, of which five are repeated from the North American list. Flor- issant is situated in 39° north latitude, and Hagen says that the fiimily only rai'ely {wenig), and that only in the northern hemisphere, extends be- yond the fortieth degree of latitude. One species occurs as far north as Manitoba. (September, 1881.)
Table of the genera of Termitina. Scapular vein branched.
Submarp^inal vein present 1. ParoUrmes.
Snbmarginal vein absent 3. Hodotirmei.
Scapular vein nobranched 3. Entermea.
1. PAROTERMES Scudder.
m
Parotermea Scndd., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XIX, 135 (1883).
Head rather large, short-oval in form, almost as broad anteriorly as po.steriorly, well rounded behind ; eyes small, ocelli wanting ; antenna; longer than the head, but shorter than the head and prothorax, slender, per- haps slightly broader in the middle than at either end, composed of about twenty equal joints, shorter than broad. Prothorax from a half to a third as long as the head, narrower than or only as broad as it, broader in front than behind, subquadrate, with the hinder angles rounded off. Wings .slender and straight, subequal, less than half as long again a? the body, four times as long as broad ; basal scale obscure in most specimens examined, moderately large, as long as the prothorax, its costal margin convex ; costal margin of wing straight nearly to the tip, which tapers to a well-rounded point ; marginal and mediastinal veins both present, the latter distinct and reaching nearly to the middle (sometimes only to the end of the basal third) of the costal border ; scapular vein running parallel to the costal margin to the tip of the wing and emitting from five to seven very oblique gently curving superior branches at pretty regular intervals, the second arising before the middle of the vein;, it also emits a couple of inferior branches
I
<w»
NKUKOl'TKUA— TKKMITINA.
107
I
from opposite the base of two of the later branches wliich strike the apex of the wing, diverging from the main vein no more than the superior branches. Externomedian vein also running parallel to the costal margin throughout the gr uiter part of the wing, and not so far removed from the scapular as the latter is from the costal margin ; it has four or five simple or forked branches, mostly arising in the basal third of the wing, arul with these b:j,nches takes a remarkably longitudinal course obliquely toward the hind margin and parallel to the inferior apical branches of the scapular vein ; it therefore occupies the greater part of the wing. The internomedian vein is reduced to a very contracted area, consisting apparently of only a single forked vein or two in the narrowing basal part of the wing. The feeble char- acter of the externomedian and internomedian veins, as well as of the inferior branches of the scapular vein, prevents their preservation on most of the fossils, an 't is only in a few specimens that the whole or nearly the whole can be made out. There is apparently no net-work or reticulation anywhere on the membrane of the wing. The abdomen is large and ovate, generally broader than the rest of the body.
This genus, which is most nearly allied to Termopsis and Calotermes, differs from each of them in points wherein they differ from each other, and has some peculiarities of its own. It diflers from Calotermes in its shorter wings (relative to the length of the body), which lack any fine reticulation, and in its want of ocelli. From Termopsis it differs in its slenderer but yet shorter wings, without reticulation, its uniform scapular vein running par- allel to the costa throughout and provided with fewer and straight branches. From both it differs in the presence of distinct inferior branches to the scapular vein, but especially in the slight development of the internomedian vein, the excessive area of the externomedian vein, and the course of the lat- ter, which is approximated much more closely than usual to the scapular vein and emits branches having an unusually longitudinal course. These last peculiarities also separate this genus still more widely from Hodoteiines, with which it agrees pretty closely in many points, and in which Hagen places most of the larger Termitina described by Heer from the European Tertiaries, although they do not appear to agree with the characteristics of the genus as given by him, and certainly approach in some of their features the peculiarities of the present genus. It is, however, impossible from Heer's figures alone to judge whether they are really more closely allied
^
108
TERTIARY INSECTS OE NORTH AMERICA.
i
to Hodotermes or ParotenueH; a nearor oxatiiinatioii of the types them- selves would perliaps (Uicide; but at present Parotermes must be con- sidered peculiai" to the An'erican Tertlaries.
The species are all o pretty largo size. Tlu^y may be separated an follows :
0
Tabic of the upveiin of I'lirnlirmit.
Aliiluiiiuii coiiHidernbly lirnaiter than tlin tliorux.
Wings iiiodHccd lit tho apex; Ntil)iui»r)?iiwil visiii hIidiI ; ^)l■llIl«llo^' of tlio cxterMoiiiediaii vein and
inroni)i'l(iinicli«» olHcapular morn oldiqiio than tlioHn|ii'ri<ir Hoapn la r liranchiw 1. /'. iiimgnh.
WinjfH roniwlcd at llio aprx ; Hnliinardinal vt^n U)nt;; liianchiw nf \\\v Hiiliniodian vein and iiilci-
ior branches of tli« Hcannlar as lon^ilndinal as thoHiiperinr Nvapnhir l)i'aiichaH 2. /'. haiieiiii.
Abdomen no broader than thorax li. I', fodiiiw.
1. PaKOTERMES INSIONI8. PI. 12, Figs. 13, 14.
Parotermes insignia Sciidd., Proc, Anier. Acad. Arte and Sci., XIX, 137-139 (1843); in Zittel, Handb.
Pala'ont., I, ii, 773, V)'^ 974 (1885).
Head broad oval, of pretty regular sJiajje, but broadest in the middle of the hinder half, the front and liind border broadly rounded ; there is a slight median longitudinal suture in the posterior half of the head. Eyes one-fifth the diameter of th head, situated witli the *"ront margin slightly more distant from the front than from the hind border of the head and the outer margin just within or at the lateral margin of the head ; they do not appear to project strongl}' above the surface. A;itetmie scarcely so long as the head and prothorax together, composed of about twent}' to twenty-two joints, the basal joints twice as broad as the stenni, the others broader than long and equal throughout, not enlarged toward the middle of the anternia?. Pronotum nearly twice as broad as long, as broad as the head, the front margin nearly straight with slightly rounded corners, the hind border and sides forming one nearly uniform, broad, semicircular curve ; its: surface ap- pears to be flat, or at least there is no median impressed line. Mesonotum a fourth broader than long, with a distinct median impressed line, at least in the front half, subquadrate in shape, broadest in the middle of the front half, and tapering slightly and regularly behind, the front margin broadly rounded to the shoulder of the wing. Metanotuni about as long as the mesonotum and of a similar shape, but tapering more rapidly behind, and likewise with a median impressed line more distinct anteriorly. Abdomen obovate, broad, and about equally rounded at either end, ia the middle nearly half as broad
f
NEUROPTKliA— TliliMlTINA.
109
f
again as any other part of the l)0(ly, in length just about equaling the en- tire thorax. Abdoininiil -pporKliiges obscurely seen in a single individual, where they are tolerably stout, tapering slightly, very bluntly terminated, and about as long as the last abdominal segment. Legs ver}' short, the tibiae being shorter than the width of the thorax, and armc^d at tip with a pair of short straight spurs : tarsi not more than half as long as the tibia?, but the separate joints are not determinable on any of the specimens.
Wings four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair reaching the ond of the abdomen, long ;. .rl very regularly obovate, the only differ- ence in the form of the two extremities being in the gentler tapering of the base aTid the straighter course of the costal margin next the base. The basal scale is triangular, about as long as the mesonotum, its costal and outer margins each a very little convex. The si^apular vein, its superior l)raiu',hes, and the mediastinal are stout, while the other veins are very feeble and only appear under favorable preservation. The submarginal vein* is crowded against the margin, but does not run fairly into it before the end of the basal fifth of the wing. The nu'diastinal vein terminates a shorf distance before the middle of the wing. Tlie scapular vein runs at only a short distance from and parallel to the margin, and (Miiits from five to eight superior branches running in an extremely longituditial course to the costa; usually the first branch is thrown off almost as fiir out as the middle of the second quarter of the wing, but where the liranches are nunKMOu.s three branches are thrown off before the middle of the wing; in addition to the superior veins two inferior veins are emitted in the apical third of the wing, and strike the lower margin of the wing just below the apex. The exte: nomedian vein runs subparallel to, but a little divergent from, the scapular, and nearly as far from it as it is from the costal margin, emitting four inferior simple or forked branches which cover the greater part of the hind border with their nervules ; from near the middle of the wing a superior branch is also emitted, whicli is soon lost. The interno- median vein is forked, and strikes the margin near the middle of the basal half.
Although in the number of branches to the scapular vein the speci- men showing the wings most clearly (No. 7752) differs considerably from
' What I lieri> call the submarginal vein is tho short airnplo vuin, sometimes present in, at other times absent from, Termitina, which precedes the mediastinal vein. Hagen calls it the first branch of bis sabcoBta.
no
TKUriAIlY INSECTS OF NORTH AMElllCA.
the others, the vein coimiioncing to brancli at a coiiHidenibly earlier point, all the spociinuiis iX'^ww ho well in every other partiiMilur that these wonld appear to be ir'lividual variations. It is the larj^cst specieH of the genus. Length of body, 11.5"""; breadth of tiiorax, 2.5"""; of abdomen, ;{.3"'"'; length of antennas 4.25"""; of front wing, i;?.3"""; breadth of same, 3.35"'™ ; length of middle tibia, 2"'"'; of tarsi, 1.25"'™; of abdominal appendages, 0 ()5""".
B'lorissant. Four specimens, Nos. 400, 7752, 9041, 14400.
2. Pakotuhmes uaqenii. PI. 12, Fig. 2.
I'arolermei hageuii 8cudd., I'rou. Amor. Acad. Arta and 8ci., XIX, 13U-140 (ld83).
Head roundish obovate, very regularly rounded, scarcely half as long again as broad, broadest at the eyes, which are scarcely behind the middle, and are deeply set, their outer border projecting but little beyond the con- tour of the head. Antennic nearly as long as head and pronotum taken together, composed of about twenty-six joints, subequal beyond the base, a little tapering at the tip. Pronotum more than twice as broad as long, fully as broad as the head, the front margin slightly concave, the hind border and sides forming a regular broad curve. Mesonotum and metano- tum shaped exactly as in P. insignis, and with a similar imj)ressed line. Abdomen obovate, but with more parallel sides than in P. insignis, being only a little broader than the thorax, and nearly as long as the rest of the body, including the head. Abdominal appendages tolerably slender, e(jnal, bluntly pointed, composed of five or six joints, the last of which appears to be two or three times as long as the others, which are equal ; the whole is about half as long as the pronotum. Legs short, but longer than in P. insignis, the tibiix; being about as long as the width of the thorax, but they are imperfectly preserved on all the specimens.
Wings a little more than four times longer than broad, the middle of the front pair scarcely reaching the extremity of the abdomen, broadest in the middle, tapering almost as much apically as basally, the tip roundly pointed, the costal margin pretty straight until shortly before the tip, the lower margin broadly curved. The basal scale is of the same shape and size as in P. insignis, but with a stronger costal curve. The scapular vein and its superior branches ax'e stout, its inferior branches and the veins below
NEUHOPTKKA— TEBMITINA.
Ill
foeble, HO m only to appear under favorable circumstances, heinjf visible in only half c ' the specimens before me. The Hubmarjfinal vein of the front will','' terminates at about tiie middle of the basal half of the wing, and about opposite the oriyin of the first superior scapular branch. Tin; mediastinal vein extends about to the middle of the wing both in the front and hind wings. The scapular vein is related to the margin ex-ctly as in P. insignis, and has five or six superior branches on the hind wing, six or seven on the front wing; on the front wing they originate at subecpuil dis- tances apart, commencing usually at about the middle of the basal half of the wing, but when there are but six branches (which appears to bo less conunonly the case) the first originates at a greater distance from the base; on the hind wing tiiere is greater irregularity ; in one specimen, that fig- ured (No. S616), there are five branches on the left hind winif, the first ori<'- inating beyond the middle of the wing, while on the right wing there is an additional vein, originating far before the second, at the middle of the basal half of the wing; in another specimen with only five veins (No. 8250) the basal branch originates somewhat beyond the middle of the basal half of the wing, and the others follow at subequal intervals ; besides these superior there iire two inferior nervules arising, the first at the end of the middle third of the wing, opposite a superior branch, and the second opposite the succeeding branch; sometimes a third vein appears beyond these; after parting from the scapular vein these take a longitudinal course and termi- nate at the tip of the wing. The externomedian vein runs subparallel to the scapular, diverging slightly from it and being as far from it as it is from the costal margin ; it emits two or three inferior branches, the last scarcely beyond the middle of the wing, the basal ones of which appear to be forked, but all having an unusually longitudinal course, being only slightly deflected towards the lower margin. Nothing can be said of the interno- median vein.
This species differs from P. insignis by its more laterally disposed eyes, rounder head, differently sha})ed wings, more longitudinally disposed branches of the externomedian vein, and longer and narrower abdomen.
Length of body, 10.5-12, av. 11"'" ; breadth of thorax, 2.1"""; of abdo- men, 2.6'"'"; length of antennte, 4""»; of front wing, 13.5-15.5, av. W"""; breadth o^ same, 3.35'"'" ; length of middle tibia, 1.65'"'" ; of abdominal appendages, 0.65°"°.
I I
112 TKirriAUY iNHKcrrs or Nourri amkimoa.
NniiK'd lor Dr. 11. A. IIti<re)i, tlio diHtiiij^iiislioil iU()iit)^ni[>lior of tlio
Tennitiiiii. lis iii!>' and ioHsil.
Klonssiiiit Seven ripecimoriH, Noh. 4f)29, 4052, 5224, ()()30, H2r)0, 8<)1»), 141fi7.
3. pAK(»TKKMr,s FOniNiE.
I'l. \'2, FiftN. ;», 22.
Variilirmi « fitdina- Hoiidil., I'roc. Aiiht. AcikI. ArtHiinil Sci., XIX, 141 (1S83).
Hciid ol)Ioii<>- (>l)()Viit(', lialt'iis loiif^- Mju^aiii uh brond, tin* cvch Ifirj^c, cir- ctdiir, iilxmt oik' lit'tli tins diiiuioter of \\w liwid, Hliglitly projcctiiif.;" beyond the sides, tlic anterior edfje noai* the middle of" the lu^ad. I*ronotuni truns- vei'sely lunat<', as liroad as the head, less than twice aw lonji^ as broad, tlm front marffin ref^idarly and considerably concave, tlie hind niarfj-ins and sides fonninjj' one uniftn-ni stroiif^ly convex curve, the anterior lateral anj^les rounded off. »\Iesonoturn and nietanotuni obscurely j)reserved, but appar- ently formed nnicli as iir the other species, the mesonotntn beinj^ of about tii(!same width as the pronotum. Abdomen rather lon<j^ and comparatively slender, scarcely if at all exceiMlinjr in width the parts in front, the sides being unusually parallel, the tip well rounded, the whole as long as the rest of the body. Abdominal a[)penda}>'es very small, stout, being only u little more than twice as long as broad, largest in the middle, iind taj)ering either way, the tip blunt, the whole not longer than the diameter of the eye. Legs pcMU-ly and partially pn^served in a single specimen, showing them to be mn<di as in I*, hagenii, the hind tibia laMn"' onlv a little shorter than the width of the mesothorax.
Wings four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair reach- ing the tip of the abdomen ; the exact form can not be made out, but the costal nni- •in is straight until very near the tip, and the hind border appears to be UM .a and to make the wing slightly broadest just beyond the mid- dle. Tht sulmarginal vein is unusually long, running into the costa only a little before the middle of the wing. The mediastinal terminates not far beyond the middle 'V\n'. scapular vein has five or six branches in the front wing, generally live in the hind wing, the first a[)pearing always to origi- nate at the end of the basal third of the wing. The inferior nervules of this vein and the course of the branches of the veins below can not be determined in any of the specimens, but there are faint indications of their
NEIJROPTERA-TKRMITINA.
118
proHoiico, and nothing in thorn appears to diHtinfjruish thin HpecieB by any marked i)ecunaritit'8 from the others of tlie genus.
This speeies differs from the others here describ'.'d in its considerably smaller size, slender abdomen, and much smaller abdomirud appendages.
Length of body, 9"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 2"'"' ; length of front wing, 13°""; breadth of same, 3.25"""; hmgth of himl tibia, 'J"'"*; of abdominal appendages, 0.25'""'.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 1247, 1253, 7608, 11190 and 14391.
2. HODOTERMES Hagen
Hagen refers to this genus two fossil species from Oeningen and two from Kadoboj. Assmann also describes a species from Schossnitz, and one of the Florissant white ants is referred hero doubtfully. Tha fossil there- fore nearly ecjual in number the living species, which are all inhabitants of the Old World, the most northern 8i)ecies being found in Egypt.
HoDOTERMES ? C0L0RADENSI8.
PI. 12, Fig. 6.
mdolermeal coloradeniu Scudd., Proc, Ainor, Acad. Arts and Soi., XIX, 142-143 (1883).
Metanotuni considerably narrower than the mesonotum, as long as broad, tapering posteriorly, the front border straight, the hind border rounded. Abdomen ovate, stout, less than twice as long as broad, the sides full, as broad as the mesothorax, posterior extremity rounded. Abdominal appendages long and slender, half as long as the metanotum, composed of at least six or seven joints, slightly tapering, terminating very bluntly.
Wings very long, the middle of the front pair lying far beyond the tip of the abdomen. Submarginal vein absent from all the wings. Mediasti- nal vein terminating at the middle of the front border. Scapular vein parallel to the front margin, with at least four branches in both wings, and in the front pair pretty certainly five branches, and perhaps six ; the first branch originates in the front wing at the end of the basal fourth of the wing, in the hind wing a little farther out.
This species is readily distinguished from all the other fossil Termitina of North America by its very great size, the length of the wings being double tjjat of any other. Although the specimen is very imperfect, the
VOL XIll 8
:
m
I*
114
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
tip and lower half of tlio wings being absent, as woll as the head, prothorax, and legs, it dilFcrs so ninch from the species of Paroternies, in the absence of the snbmarginal vein and the great length of the abdominal appendages, th;it it probably can not be associated with them generiealh'. In size and general ap|)t;arance it agrees so fairly with the Toniary species described by Ueer, referred to IIodot«rmes by Ilagen, that 1 place the species provision- ally in the same genus, from which (as from all other genera so far as 1 know in which the strncture of the wings wonld allow it to be placed), it ditfers by the great length of its anal a;)pendages.
Length of body as preserved, 9""" (probably it reached about 12) ; of a'Hlomen, G""" ; breadth of same, 4.5""" ; length of fore wing, 23""" or more ; of abdominal appendages, 1.25"""; breadth of same, 0.3""".
Florissant. One specimen, No GOIO.
3. EUTERMES Ileer.
The remaining species fall into the division of Termitina in which the scapular vein is unbranched, and it is uncertain whether they should fall in Ternjcs proj)er or in Eutermes, the veins below the scapular being in all cases poorly preserved or wholly obliterated. The limited mimber of an- tennal joints in such as have those preserved sulHcieutly for examination, and the occasional indication of a broad subscapular field in others, lead rather to the })resumj)tion that they should be placed in Eutermes. Two species have been found at Florissant. The genu.s has been well kimwn in a fossil state, four species having been described from Radoboj in Croatia and five f "om Prussian amber. Indeed, the genus was first founded U])on fossil speces, but it was soon seen that many living f(»rms beKnnged to the same grouj,. The existing s{)ecies, some thirty in number, belong almost e.xclusively to the tropics, and especiary to those of the southern hemi- sphere.
The two species of Eutermes which have been found at Florissant may be separated by the following features :
Table of the npfciet of Kuter'nen.
Ht>nil liriimlvr behiiul tlinii I Tront, Huuruely ImlT na Iuiik »){<•■■> ■"* brond ; i)n>n(>tiiin Beinioirotiliir, the pimtiM'ior curve iiuil'oriii I. K, fottarun.
lioail nut liroiMlcr lit'liiiiil tliitn iii front, fnlly linlf as Uing agitin iih Iroail ; iironotiini very Hliiiit, th« hind unkrgiu nuiru ur lens t^n^oat(^ 'i. K. meadii.
■
NKUKOPTEKA— TBUMXTI NA.
115
1. EUTGRMES FOSSAKUM.
PI. 12, Fig. 20. Sutermet /oiiarum Soiidd., Proo. Amer. Acad. Arts and 8oi., XIX, I4H-U4 (188.1).
Head very rejjulurly obovato, a littio broader behind vhaii in front, nearly half as lon<,r a«,'ain as broad, its posterior border well ronnded. Eyos rather ^niall, situated in the middle laterally, projecting but littio. Anten- n.« scarcely if any longer than the head, rather stout, enlarging away from the base, composed apparently of less than fifteen joints. Pronotuni as broad as the head and twice as broad as long, .enacircular, the front border scarcely coycavo, the front margins slightly rounded. Mesonotum and metanotuin as broad as pronotum, quadrate, equal, about ha'f as broad again as long. Abchnnen somewhat longer than the rest of thu body and slightly broader than the thorax, with gently rounded sides and well- rounded tip; no abdominal appendages are discoverable on any of the specimens. Legs poorly preserved on all specimeno ; apparently they are «»f medium length.
Wings rather more than four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair not reaching the tip of the abdomen, very uniform ami regular, of nearly equal bre ulth throughout the middle two-thirds, the costal nnu- gin straight until just before the tip. Scapular vein parallel to the margin, the subcostal area infumated ; veins below the scapular not determinable. The basal scale appears to be small, broad, triangular, its costal bordik- swollen.
Length of body, ii.5-7Iy, av. 7,1.5"""; of abdomen, .'J..5-4..5, av. 4.1.')'""'; breadth of pronotum, 1.2"""; of abdomen, 1.5"""; length of antennjw, 1.2'"'"; of front wing, 7.75-9.25, av. 8.25"'"' ; breadth of same, 2""".
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 2329, G049, 7393, 11752, 14980; three of them in pretty good condition.
2. EUTEKMES MEAUII. ri. 12, Figs. 12, 17.
Kiitirmei mradii Soudd., Proo. Amer. Aoad. Arts uud Sol., xrx, l'»4-14.'> ;188;n.
lldad very regularly obovat*), broadest just behind the middle, where the small eyes, scarcely i>rojucting, are situated, not bvoader behind than in front, the hind margin strongly rounded, the whole fully half as long
J
116
TERTIAKV: INSECTS OF NOBTH AMERICA.
ml
again as broad. Antennaj nowhere well preserved, but apparently longer and with more numerous joints than in E. fossarum. Pronotum as broad as the head (?) and very short, probably more than twice as broad as long, the hind margin not forming with the sides a continuous curve, but in its middle half only slightly convex. Mesonotum and metanotum quadrate, broader than the head, the mesonotum somewhat the larger, at least half as broad again as long. Abdomen rather stout, longer than the rest of the body, the sides nearly parallel, the tip broadly rounded, and, as far as can be made out, unprovided with terminal appendages. Legs moderately long and stout, the tibiai armed with a pair of spines at apex, the front tibiae about as long as the pronotum.
Wings long, slender, and uniform, four times or slightly less than four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair reaching the tip of the abdomen, broadest at or slightly beyond the middle, the lower border slightly arcuate throughout. Costal margin straight in the basal three- fourths of the wing. Scapular vein parallel to the margin, the subcostal area scarcely infumated. Veins below the scapular not determinable. Basal scale small, triangular, equilateral, the sides straight excepting the costal, which is very slightly convex and prominent.
This species differs from the preceding by its slightly smaller size, squarer pronotum, and differently shaped head.
Length of body, 5.25-7, av. 6.3""" ; of abdomen, 2.8-3.5, av. 3.2°"° ; breadth of abdomen, 1.5°'"'; length of wing, 7.5-8""; breadth of same, 2"°'.
Named for Mr. T. L. Mead, whose collection of Florissant insects he has permitted me to study.
Florissant. Four specimens, No. 19 (Coll. T. L. Mead), and Nos. 31, 1203, 8062.
A single specimen of a wingless white ant has been found, apparently belonging to this species or to E. fossarum. It measures 3.75"™ in length, and is of the ordinary form of the worker, with rounded head and con- stricted prothorax, bearing a general resemblance to the only other known fossil termite larva, figured in Berendt's work, but has the head more pro- duced anteriorly and the abdomen less distended.
Florissant One specimen, No. 6100.
L
NEUROPTERA— PSOCINA.
117
"^
Family PSOCINA Burmeister.
Until now this group has been found fossil only in amber, but here in considerable abundance, since several of the species are represented by twenty, thirty, or even sixty individuals; and fifteen species are recognized, about one ninth the number of living species known, but nearly one-half as many as the species now living in Germany, according to the latest mono- graph by Kolbe. These fossil species are divided among ten genera as fol- lows: Troctes, one; Sphaeropsocus, one; Empheria, two; Archipsocus, two; .Amphientomum, one ; Epipsocus, one ; Caecilius, three ; Philotarsus, two ; Psocus, one ; Elipsocus, one. The genera Sphaeropsocus, Empheria, and Archipsocus are peculiar to amber ; the first mentioned, a most remarkable form, has the front wings developed into the semblance of elytra. It is worthy of note that, while in the existing fauna of Europe the groups to which Psocus and Elipsocus belong embrace about half the species, they include only one-seventh the amber fauna. Hagen and Kolbe are at viariance on the interj)retation of these facts. The single imperfect specimen 80 far found in American deposits — the only one indeed in any rock forma- tion— proves to belong to a distinct generic type, remarkable for the wide separation of the ocelli.
PAROPSOCUS gen. nov. (Treipo?, Psocus).
The single insect on which this new generic group is based is very fragmentary, but seems to differ so clearly from other types of Psocina, whether living or fossil, that it can only be recognized as distinct. The head is broad, not including the eyes as broad as long, the nasus prominent, ver} jroadly convex, almost truncate ; the eyes art very large, very promi- nent, globose, subpedicellate, being strongly constricted at oase, widening the head one-half; ocelli large, exceptionally distant, the outer paired ocelli infringing on the margin of the eyes. Anteimaj with the first, second, and third joints successively narrower by one-fourth, the first and second broader than long, not large, the third joint four or five times as long as broad, cylindrical, the remaining joints on the proximal third of the nntennse two or three times as long as broad, smallest at base, apically rounded. Prothorax nan-ow, pedunculate, free, with its angulate apex overlapping tlie mesonotum, longer than broad. Mesothorax much broader than the total
118
TEUTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEkTCA.
width of the head. Fore tibiic slender, longer than and not half so stout as the fore femora. Abdomen very short and stout, tapering very rapidly behind.
Perhaps this genus is as nearly related to Auiphientomum as to any other. A single species is at hand.
U! i
II
I,
I .: I
PaROPSOCUS DISJUNCTU8. PI. 5, Fig. 51.
The single specimen unfortunately shows only an insignificant fraction of neuration, and therein no distinctive parts, but only those which are common to all genera of Psocida). So fiir as can be seen, the head, thorax, antenna;, and 'egs are absolutely naked. The plate wrongly shows the left antenna as the tarsus of the fore leg. The third joint of the antennae is shorter than the width of the head between the eyes.
Length of body l.G'"'" ; breadth of head, 0.4r)""°; of thorax, O.TS""' ; length of third antennal joint, 0.3""".
Fossil Caflon, White River, Utah. One specimen, No. 33", W. Denton.
Family EPHEMERIDyE Stephens.
Our previous knowledge of Tertiary Ephemerida' is based entirely upon imagos and almost entirely confined to the statements made by Pictet and Hagen nearly thirty years ago in their account of amber Neuroptera. Four species of Baetis and one each of Potamanthus and Palingenia were there described, and two years earlier mention is made by Hagen, by name merely, of a second species of Palingenia, but in the subsequent work it is referred to Baetis. Here also Pictet's Palingenia is considered as more closely related to Baetis anomala, for which in his monograph of the Ephemeridaj Eaton establishes the genus Cronicus. Eaton also refers the Potamanthus to Leptoj)hleb"a. Wo have therefore from the amber three species of Baetis, one or probably two of Cronicus, and one of Leptophlebia. Besides these, Sendel figures a species which he classes "inter ephemeras minores," and Burmeister says he has seen "zwei individuen der gattung Ephemera" in the Berlin Museum.
From the Tertiary rocks we have only a reference by Schlotheim to an insect from Oeningen, which he says may be an Ephemera or a Phry-
Vii.
NEUROPTERA— EPHEMERID^.
119
ganea, Heer'a undescribed Ephemera oeningensis, and a referenca to an Australian species by Wilkinson.
It is not worth while to enter here upon any discussion of the pre-Ter- tiary Ephemeridaj, but one of the most interesting of modern discoveries is FriC's ffijrantic Palinijenia feistmanteli from the coal.
The American remains referred here are rather unsatisfactory, con- Eisting of a single imago and five different species of larviu and pupse. The earlier stages have not before been noticed in a fossil state. The least sat- isfaccory is the imago, which is so rudely preserved that only its three caudal setaj of equal length give any clue to its relationship. The larvaj and pupa? agree closely in "tructural features, and, excepting E. inter- empta, seem to belong to oiio gonus. Tlie stoutness of the tibiaj, which are of nearly equal breadth with the femora, and particularly the sue of the fore tibia? where preserved, indicrie pretty clearly that they were burrowuig in habit and belong in the neighborhood of Ephemera and Palingenia; their legs, however, though longitudinally hairy, are not laterally fringed, as ap- pears to be the case with such larv.ne so far as they are known ; and the respiratory organs of the abdomen are too poorly preserved to offer any as- sistance ; the logs, however, are evidently flattened, and hence I have placed them in Ephemera rather than in Palingenia. They seem, however, to in- dicate the existence here of a distinct type, for they differ from such larvne as are known in the form of the body, which is unusually stoat at the thorax and particularly in the mesothorax, tapering anteriorly to such a degree that the head is very small, and it is also not produced anteriorly, or to a slight degree only ; the abdomen tapers also either throughout its length or from the middle posteriorly; the respiratory organs, if of the f<^)rm and position in which they are found in Ephemera and Palingenia, would cer- tainly be clearly seen, whereas no sign of them appears upon the upper surface of the abdomen; there are, however, certain indications laterally which may be referred to them, and if so this would be an additional dis- tinction. The unfringed legs, in which femur, tibia, and tarsus are of' nearly uniform diameter, indicate a further difference from known types. So little, however, is known of the early stages of this group that it will be impossible to indicate the nearer affinities of these fossil larvae until further information of living forms is obtained. (September, 1883.)
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120
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
EPHEMERA Linnd.
The species known only in the immature stages may be distinguished as follows:
Table of the upeciei of Ephemera.
Oiitur caadal setie fringod on both sideH. Middle Heta as long as the outer selie.
Svtte Tory much more widely fringed in the middle than toward either end ; dorsal ulidoniinal
markings consisting of light blotches on a dark ground 1. E. tabifica.
SetiB on.y a little more widely fringed in the middle than toward the base or tip; dorsal abdom- inal markings consisting of ligbt lines on a dark gronnd 3, E. macitenta.
Outer caudal aetie fringed on the inner side only, and very much more broadly in the middle than
near the base or tip. Middle seta shorter than the outer setffl 2, E. immobilis.
Setin of equal length and naked, or not noticeably fringed.
Large species. Head less than half the width of thorax; dorsa' abdominal markings of light
lines 4. E. pumUvaa.
Small species. Head considerably mora than half as wide as the thorax ; no dorsal abdominal marking.... 5. A', interempta,
1. Ephemera tabifica.
Pupa. — This species differs somewhat in form from the other larger types, the abdo'nen being very nearly of equal size throughout and the thorax nearly twice as broad as it, while anteriorly the whole body tapers regularly, as in the succeeding species. The head is rounded quadrate, about half the width of the thorax. The legs are slenderer than in the succeeding species and short, the front pair no longer than the width of the th(*rax, the hind pair longer, being as long as the head and thorax together. The wing pads are blackish, about three times as long as broad, reniform in shape, the inner margin bent in the middle, and the basal halves of the inner margin of the two wings meeting to form an angle slightly less than a right angle, the apical half tapering to a rounded apex. The abdomen is long and slender, the apical joint more than half as broad as the basal, the dorsal surface blotched with large quadrate patches of lighter color than the ground, sometimes central, sometimes anterior and transverse, divided by a median line. The three caudal sette .are slender, less than half as long as the abdomen, equal, very broadly fringed on either side in the middle.
Length of body exclusive of Si tse, 25""; breadth of thorav, 4.5""; of middle of abdomen, 2.6""; length of wing pads, 4.5""; of front legs, 4"" ; of hind legs, 8"" ; of setae, 7"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 13238.
i
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T
f
NEUROPTER A— E PHEME RID^.
2. Ephemera immobil.s.
121
PI. 12, Fig. 5.
Larva. — This is the largest of the ephemerid larvae, and is represented by a single specimen and its reverse. The body is stout, largest at the meso- thorax and metathorax, tapering rapidly and somewhat rounded in front, tapering gently behind, the hinder half of the abdomen more rapidly than the basal half The head is smdl, about as broad as the terminal segment of the body, transversely rounded oval, less than half as broad as the thorax, and symmetrical, being rounded in front as behind ; the mandibles, not rep- resented on the plate, are not so long as the head, moderately stout, nearly straight and tapering. The front legs are nearly as long as the thorax, the femora and tibia}, which are of equal width, nearly or quite as broad as the length of the prothorax ; the tibia is a little longer than the femur and about half as long again as the tarsus, which is also somewhat slenderer. The other legs are longer and a little stouter, but retain the same relations, excepting that the tarsus is much longer, half as long again as the tibia and toward the tip tapering. The thoracic branchiae form a pair of trian- gular equilateral pads, their inner margins straight and attingent at the mediodorsal line, their outer margins jonvex. The dorsal surface of the. abdomen is ornamented by a pair of approximated subdorsal, longitudinal, curved, white streaks, convexities outward, reaching the posterior but not the anterior border of each segment. The caudal setse are of unequal length, the outer more than one-third, the middle one nearly one-fourth, the length of the body. They are fringed, the outer ones on the inner surface only, the middle one on both sides by a delicate fringe of hairs, which increases in breadth from either end toward the middle, where the fringe is from a third to a fourth the width of the last abdominal seffment.
Length of body, 21"'° ; breadth of thorax, 5""" ; of head, 2.4""° ; length of fore tibia, 2.25""" ; breadth, 0.6""" ; length of hind tibia, 2.7.5"'" ; breadth, O.S"""" ; length of outer caudal setae, 8"'" ; of middle seta, .f)""".
The species differs from the other larvae here described by its greater size and the peculiar fringing of the caudal seta;. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8824 and :828.
122
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
i
I"
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-. !
3. Ephemera macilemta.
PI. 12, Figs. 4, 10.
Larva —The body is stout but not so stout as in the last species, which is only slightly larger than this ; it tapers also in a similar manner but is not 80 rounded anteri rly. The head and mandibles are of similar form and size, but the head is not so distinctly separated from the thorax as in that species, being continuous with the general outline of the body. The legs are considerably shorter than in the preceding species, but while agreeing with them in general structure the femora are stouter in relation to the tibia;. The abdomen is similarly marked, but the stripes are shorter, reach- ing neither the anterior nor the posterior margins of the segments. The caudal seta; are of equal length, nearly half as long as the body, and fringed on either side with short cilije, scarcely longer than the breadth of the seta.
Length of body, 1.75"""; breadth of thorax, 3.6"™; of head, 1.85-"; length of fore tibia, l.O™""; breadth, 0.35"'"' ; length of hind tibia, 2°"»; breadth, O-SS™"" ; length of caudal setae, 7.5"""'.
Tiie brevity of the legs and the uniform brief ciliation of the caudal setfB distinguish this species from either of the other larva; here described.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 232, 1137, 7280, 10423, 13526.
4. Ephemera pumicosa.
PI. 12, Figs. 7 (pupa), 15, 16 (larva).
Larva. — This species is both smaller and slenderer than any of the larva? described above. It tapers in the same manner as the others, except in being more rapidly expanded at the thorax and in having the abdomen of more uniform width, a peculiarity seen also in the nymph referred to the same species As in the other species, the head is of the same width as the ex- tremity of the abdomen. The legs are poorly preserved in all the speci- mens, but seem to agree entirely with their appearance in the nymph. The abdomen is marked as in E. immobilis, but if anything with longer and straighter stripes. All the caudal seta; are of similar length, slender, but rather short, being only about one-third the length of the body ; they are furthermore distinguished from those of the other species by being naked, as far as can be seen, though one specimen seems to show an apical bristle on either side at the end of each joint of the middle seta.
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NEUROPTERA— EPHEMERII)^.
123
i
Length of body, 17"""; breadth of thorax, 4'""'; of bend, 1""; length of caudal 8eta>, 6™"'.
Pupa. — The form is altogether that of the larva, but the legs are better preserved, showing them to be as long in this species as m E. immobilifi, but to differ in their almost uniform slenderness throughout, the tarsi being scarcely narrower than the femora. The wing pads are distinctly marked in dark brown and are reniform in shape, of nearly uniform width and nearly three times as long as broad, the basal half of their inner edges meeting at less than a right angle, and the distal halves parallel and ap- proximate along the mediodorsal line, the outer edges gently concave and the tips well rounded. The stone is broken at the tip of the body in the only specimen, so that the caudal seta? are not preserved.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 233, 1070, 1516, 10385 (larvae), 10660 (pupa).
5. Ephemera interempta.
This smallest of the ephemerids from Florissant, represented by a nearly complete pupa and the terminal segments of what may be either larva or pupa, and which appears to belong here, differs considerably in structural features from the others. The former only will be described.
Pupa. — The body is tolerably stout, largest at the thorax where it tapers forward toward the head, which is fully three-quarters its width. Posteriorly the abdomen remains in its basal half very nearly as broad as the widest part of the thorax, and only tapers rapidly a little before the tip, which is more rounded than usual and scarcely one-third as broad as the thorax The her.d is rounded, a little broader than long ; the legs only moderately stout, all the femora subequal and about as long as the head. The wing pads are subtriangular, tapering pretty uniforndy to a rather broadly rounded tip about half as broad as the base, the inner margin bent close to the base, and the basal portions of the two pads forming an angle much broader than a right angle ; they differ therefore altogether in form from the two species of which nymphs are known. The abdominal joints are more than twice as broad as long and wholly devoid of the markings which distinguish all the other species. The caudal setae are about one- third as long as the abdomen, and unfringed. Only the base of the median seta is preserved in the type, but in the other specimen referred here it is as long as the lateral.
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124
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Length of body, 9 5"""; width of heiid, LS'"™; of thorax, 2"""; length of femora, 1.2'"'"; of wing pad, 2"""; of HOtai, 2.5""".
Florissunt. Two HpecinieiiH, Noh. 1..')82, obtained by tlic Princeton ex- pedition, and 10706.
Kpfiemera EX8t;CCA. PI. 12, Fig. 9.
A single specimen, very badly preserved, but showing unmistakably the caudal seta?. The whole is preserved as I have seen no other specimen from Florissant, as if drawn on the stone with a pale blue pencil. The body is tolerably stout for an Ephemera, the abdomen tapering a little. The expanded wings are only partially preserved, but are apparently nearly as long as the body. The three caudal sehv. are very slender and of exactly the same length, a little shorter than the '>ody. No ciliation can be detected on them.
Lengthof body, 9"""; breadth of thorax, 2"""; expanse of wings, 16"""; length of caudal setai, 7 "■".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5587.
Family ODONATA Fabrieius.
More than thirty years ago in his work in conjunction with de Selys on the European Odonata, Dr. Hagen contributed a chapter on the fossil species of Europe, in which about half of the species enumerated (thirty- nine in number) belonged to the Secondary and half to the Tertiary period. Since then no one has done more than Dr. Hagen to add to our knowledge, especially of the Secondar}^ species. The time has hardly come, and the species known are as yet perhaps not sufficiently numerous, to enter on any study of the relation of the secondary and Tertiary types ; btit it may be stated in a general way tb^^.i,, omitting all mention of larval remains, we now know nearly double the number then recorded, and the Tertiary species are considerably in exc ^s. Of these the larger part belong to the Agrionina. (January, 1882.)
To enter into a few details, the strongly limited gro'p of dragon-flies makes its appearance in the Lias in considerable variety and apparently as highly specialized as to-day, for no less than four tribes are present, the true Agrionidae and the Cordulidaj alone being absent. Aeschnina are the
I
NEUltOPTBUA— ODONATA.
125
most abundant, the AeHcluiidre being represented by a species of Aeschnn at Schambel«n and the Goniphidic by one species each of Petahira and Goniphoides from England. Calopterygidic come next, with one species eacli of Tarsophlebia and Heterophlebiu, both extinct genera, also from England, and finally a species of Libellula from England. The same relation holds in passing upward into the oolite, where the Agrionina are added. Here we have thii-ty-two species, of which half are Agrionina: four Agrionida;, and twelve Calopterygida; of five genera, mostly extinct, namely, Isophlebia, two; Heterophlebia, two; Stenoi)hlebia, three; Tarsophlebia, one, and Euphsea, four; three are Aeschnidaj of the genera Anax and Aeschna ; eight Gomphidjc of some undetermined genera, besides Petalura and Petalia; and finally five Libellulidoe of about as many genera, yet undescribed. A species of Gomphida; has also been found in the Wealden of England. The lithographic slates of Bavaria afford numerous, some- times wonderfully preserved, dragon-flies, called by the workmen Stangen- reiter or Schladen-Vogel, which have boon carefully studied by Hagen. They lie on the stone with expanded wings and are generally Ifrgor than modern types ; sometimes the most delicate veins are perfectly preserved. Most of them are referred to extinct genera.
Considering the comparative abundance of this group in the Second- ary rocks one would expect to find a better representation in the Terti- aries than is the case, for, even counting all the species founded upon the immature stages as distinct from any of those established upon wings, the Tertiary species are less than twice as numerous as those from the Second- ary rocks. The subfamilies are about equally represented, though the Agrionina are a little in excess, and the species are very unequally distrib- uted among the tribes. Thus there are twenty-two species of Agrionidaj of the following genera : Agrion, seven ; Lestes, five ; Argya, one ; Platycne- mis, two; Sterope, one ; Dysagrion, three ; Podagrion, one ; and Lithagrion, two, the last four genera being extinct ; while there is but a single species of Calopterygidsc known by a pupal form, from amber, a curious reversal of the proportion in Mesozoic rocks. The ^schnina are more equally balanced between the tribes, the Gomphidte being reprasented by six species, of the genera Gomphus, Gomphoides, Ictinus, and Petalura, and the AeschnidjB by nine ; of the genera Aeschna (eight) and Anax (one). The Libellulina, however, have again only a single species of Cordulidaj,
126
THItTIAUV INSKCTS OF NORTH AMKUICA.
' 1
but sixteen Hpocios of Lihellulidii', all except one, a CelitlieniiH, referred to Lil)ellula in a liroad HeiiHe. Nearly every loeality wlioro Tertiary injects are found, even includin<^ amber, liax supplied its (piota cf tiiiH family, and 8ome localities, such as Oeninj^eii, have furnished the larvae and pupa; in great numbers. (1885.)
The Odonata furnish the first opportunity that my studies have afforded of a comparison between the insect fauiuis of Florissant and the Green River shales. The B^lorissant beds have furnished six species in the perfect state besides two larvie ; the Green Uiver shales four species in the perfect state besides fra<:ruients of another, concerning which nothing more can be said than that it proi)ably belongs to the Libellulina. Two of the Floris- sant forms belong to Aeschna, besides one of the larvtu. All the remainder, four Green River species, and four from Florissant, besides a larva, belong to the Agri(niina. The Green River shales are represented by one species of Podagrion and three species of Dysagrion, an extinct genus of the legion Podagrion allied to the genera Podagrion and Philogenia; the Flor- issant beds by two species of Agrion and two of Lithagrion, an extinct genus with the same alliances as Dysagrion ; the species of Agrion are not sufficiently perfect to decide into what subgenus they will fall, but they are certainly closely related and appear to be most nearly allied to Aniphi- agrion or else to Pyrrhosoma or Erythronnna. All the Green River species belong then to the legion Podagrion, while the Florissant species are divided between the legions Podagrion and Agrion. The resemblance of the faunas of the two localities is very apparent, though the species and leven the genera Tire wholly distinct. The facies of both faunas is decid- edly subtropical (October, 1882.)
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Tribe AGRIONINA Hagen.
This group is the richest of Odonata in the Tertianu-s, both in Europe and America, but curiously the legions into whicl it is divided by de Selys are very differently represented in the two coun*^i'ies. To establish better terms of comparison I have given some attention to the descriptions and figures of the mature European forms, and their study brings out some interesting points.
In Europe the legion Lestes is far the best represented ; into this fall Lestes coloratus Hagen from Radoboj, first figured by Charpentier, Agrion
NECKOrTEUA— ODONATA— AOllIONINA.
127
Hgoii, A. leucosia, and A. peiHlnoo,' all of lleer nnd from Oeninijen, and probably A. iri» Hoer of Ooniiigou; a closer dotonuinatioii 1h porluips im[)0«- Hiltlo. Into it alHo fall I^uHtoH vicitia Ilagoii from SiebloH, which appears to bo a Lc'rttoH in the narrowest Hcnse, and Agrion (Steropo) parthenope I leer from Oeningen, which i« either a Sympyoni or oxceeHingly close to it. The logion next best represented is Platycnemis, si'ico to the subgenus Plutycneniis Agrion anticpiuni llagen from amber >'.iid Agrion icarus Ilagen from Kott pretty certainly belong. Finally, to the legion Agrion belongs Agrion aglaope Ileer from Oeningen.
In Amori, a, on the other hand, the bnlk of the species fall in the legion Podagrion, viz, Dysagrion fredericii, I), lakesii, and D. packardii of Green River, Podagrion abortivnm from the same, and Lithagrion hyalinmn and L. umbratnm from Florissant. "^J^in other two species fall in the legion Agrion, viz, Agrion mascescens nnd A. oxsularis.
The following table will show the distribution of recent and fossil spe- cies in Europe and North America :
|
Recent. |
FoMil. |
|||||||||
|
Legion. |
Europe. |
North Amer- ica north of Mexico. |
North Amer- ica and West Indies, |
Kiirope. |
North America. |
|||||
|
Psendostigma |
No. |
Per cent. |
No. 5 11 |
Percent. <J 31 |
No. « 14 1 |
Percent. 7 17 1 |
Ao. |
Per vent. |
No. |
Percent. |
|
Legtes |
7 |
18 |
7 |
70 |
" |
|||||
|
6 |
75 |
|||||||||
|
Platycuemis |
11 ao |
Si) 53 |
1 |
• 20 10 |
||||||
|
Agrion |
37 |
70 |
60 3 |
71 4 |
3 |
25 |
||||
|
Protonetira |
||||||||||
|
'fotii! |
us i -- |
53 |
84 |
10 |
8 |
|||||
Concerning the present distribution of those " legions," it may be said that Pseudostigma belongs to tropical America, Podagrion and Protoneura to the tropics and South Africa, Platycnemis to the Old World, and that Lestes and Agrion are cosmopolitan. The cosmopolitan groups and the one confined to the Old World are those, and the only ones, represented in the European Tertiaries ; while one of the cosmopolitan genera well repre-
' Uagen considered these as most nearly allied to the species for whicli Selys has since i-stali- liHhvd the genns Chlorolestes in the legion Podagrion, but to judge Trom the origin of the median aud hubuodal sectors they certainly belong in Lestes.
ri^
128 TERTiAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
sented in the United States to-day has not yet been found in its Tertiary deposits, and three-quarters of the fossil species belong to a legion essen- tially tropical and two-thirds of whoso living representatives occur in America. ; to offset this, the two other legions which are peculiarly tropical (and one of them exclusively American) are wholly unrepresented in the American Tertiaries. From what we then know at the present time the relationship of the agrionid fauna of the Euro])ean and American Tertiaries was not nearly so close ; the living faunas of the two countries. (Sep- tember, 1883.)
Legion PODAGRION de Selys.
To this legion belong most of tha fossil Agrionina of North America. The species here described are the lirst that have been found fossil. The recent forms of this legion — not a very prolific rne — occur mainly in trop- ical America, though nearly half the genera and about one-third of the species belong to the East Indies and South Africa. The forms here brought to notice are mostly referable to now genera which find their place in near vicinity to the South American types. One species appears to belong to the South American genus Podagrion. The relationship of these fossils may bo looked upon as well defined. Their nearest living relatives are inhabitants of Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia.
The genera here represented may be separated in the following man- ner:
Table of the genera of Podagrion.
Ptero tiguiu not nuiro than twice im long as liioiid, Burnionntiug less than two cclluloa ; sopplementary HtJcturHrew; few puntugonal ot'lliilen 2. I'oitagrioH.
Ptorostignm more tliiin twicu as long iir. broad, snruioiiutiug several culliiles; supplementary seu.ors uuniuroiiii; many pontagouul coIlnleH. Nodul Hootor nrixing from the priuripul at Hvarculy ouo-flflh the distance from the uodns to the ptorostigma; postcoittul urea uxolusivoly or ahuost e:<clnsively llllcd with pcntagonul culls;
sevora! Niipplomviitary sectont butwuen the niodinu and Miibiiodul sectors 1. Oytiagi ion.
Nodal sector uriHing from the principal at about oiiu-third the distance from the nudas to the pter- ostigma; poHicoittal area with tetr»gi>ual and very few or no pentagonal oelN; no perfect sup- plementary sector between iho modian uik' subnodal sectors 3. Liihagrion.
1. DYSAGlilON Scudder.
Dyiagrioit Soiidd., Bui!. U. 8. Oeol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, KM (1878).
This new typo of Agrionina belongs to the legion Podagrion as defined by Selys-Longchamps, having a normal ptorostigma, much longer than broad, the median sector arising from the principal vein near the nodus, the subhodal a little further out, and many interposed supplementary sectors.
)
NEUKOPTEUA— ODON AT A— AGRIONINA.
129
I
t
It (iiffers aoiuewhat remarkably, however, from any of fhe genera givr -^ in that author's Synojisis des Afrrionines (lHfi2) in several points, as will be seen on reviewing the following characteristl . s.
The median sector arises from the principal voin more than one-third the distance from the nodus to the arculus; the subnodal arises from an extension of the nc .his, wliich in passing below the principal is directed somewhat inward instead of outward, a somewhat extraordinary feature ; the nodal arises from the principal only as far beyond the nodus as the me- dian originates before it, or scarcely more than one-fifth way to the ptero- stigir.a. The reticulation of the upper half of the wing is mostly tetragonal, and in the discoidal area very open, while in the lower half of the wing it is mostly pentagonal, and dense apically ; tliis results in part from the great number of interposed supplementary sectors, of which there are several between the ultranodal and nodal sectors, and several between each of the following sectors as far as the upper sector of the triangle ; the uppe: of these curve somewhat downward as they approach the apical border. The postcostiil area has at first two rows of cellules; but it expands rapidly below the nodus, and then has three and afterwards even four rows. The nodus is situated at an unusual distance outward, indeed not very far before the middle of the wing (rather more than one-third the distance from the base), and at u third of the distance from the arculus to the pterostigma. The petiole terminates at some distance before the arculus and is very slen- der. The wing is rather full in the middle, and the apical half of the pos- terior border is very full, the apex falling considerably above the middle of the wing.
These characters show the nearest alliance to Philogenia, but the genus diiTers strikingl)' from tiuvt in the position of the nodus, its retreat below the principal sector, the character of the postcostal area, and in the great number of the supplementary sectors, as well as in less important charac- ters, such as the density of the reticulation. It seems iiideed to be a very aberritnt member of the legion. As the members of this grcttp are all tropical, and those to which this is most nearly allied (as indeed two-thirds of the species) are froiii the New World, this is an additional instance of neotropical alliances in the insect-fauna of our Tertiaries.
It is upon the wing that I would establish this genus. Yet fragments of other parta of the body occur with the wings, showing that the legs were VOL nil 9
180
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
probably lonpf and slender, furnished with spine-like hairs as long as the breadth of the femora. The abdomen was moderately slender, rather longer than the wings ; its ninth and tenth segments a little enlarged in the ?, the tenth half (?), or three-quarters {i), as long as the ninth, and the eighth half as long again ($), or twice as long ((?), as the ninth, and a liiile more than half as long as the seventh. The anal appendages were as long as the tenth segment, rounded triangidar ($) or quadrate (,?).
The species of Dysagrion found at Green River may be separated by the characters drawn from the neuration of the wing in the following table :
Table of the species of Dysagrion.
Pterostigma at least fonr times as long an broad ; qnadrilateral longer than broad ; middle n{ the area occupied by sapplenientary veins between the prinoipt^^l and siibnodal sectors filluu with quad- rilateral cells. Pterostigma surmounting four cells ; q ladrilnteral nearly as broad at base as at apex.
v. frederioii. Pterostigma surmounting three cells ; quadrllatbral nearly twice as broad at apex as at base.
'i. D. laleetii.
Pterostigma only three times a j long as broad ; qnadrilateral slightly broader than long ; middle of the
area batween the principal and snbnodal sectors filled with penttt^oual cells.. .3. D. packardii.
1. Dysagrion fredericii.
PL 6, Figs. 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 17.
Dysagrion .edericii Scndd., Bull. U. S.^Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 534-5,37, 775 (1878).
Several specimens of various parts of the body with wings were found by Mr. F. C. Bowditch and myself in the Green River shales, in a railway cutting by the river bank beyond Green River station. The most important are a nearly perfect wing and its reverse, which preserve all the important points of the neuration. A single antecubital appears to be present, nearer the nodus than the arculus; the principal sector, like the short sector (sec- tor brevis), l)ends slightly upward just as it reaches the arculus; the cel- lules in the discoidal area are half as broad again as long, yet the breadth of the wing is such that the broadest part of the postcostal space, between the nodus and the middle of the wing, is more than half as broad as the rest of the wing at that point. The quadrilateral is subquadrate, about half as long again as broad, its upper and lower margins subparallel and its lower outer angle about sixty degrees; pterostigma four times as long as broad, a little dilated, oblique both within and without, but especially pointed above on the outer side, touching the costal margin throughout. The wing is wholly hyaline, excepting the infumated pteroatigma, which is bordered by
NEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA.
131
thickened black veins, and surmounts four cellules at its lower margin ; the veins of the wing generally are testaceous; there are twenty postcubitals. Length of the wing, SS"""; length of part beyond peduncle, 34""; breadth, 9"""; distance from nodus to tip of wing, 23"""; from arculus to nodus, 8"'"'; from nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 17™"; length of pterostigma, 3.5™".
Another wing from the same beds with its reverse (Nos. 4165, 4166) is very fragi...3ntary, showing little besides the border of the apical half of the wing with the pterostigma, and most of the postcubital nervules. I have here considered it the hind wing of the same species, from its 8iu)ilar size, the exact resemblance of the pterostigma, which also surmounts four cel- lules, and the indication of a similar profusion of intercalated supplementary nervules. It seems, however, not improbable that it may prove to be a second species of the same genus, from the great difference in form. The two borders of the outer half of the wing are nearly parallel, and the apex falls a little below the nn'ddle. This difference, however, really concerns only the posterior curve of the wing below the apex. The nodus is not preserved. Greatest breadth, 7.5"".
Considering the fragments of heads, etc., referred to under the genus as belonging to this species, we have to add Nos. 4179, 4180, and 4182 (besides No. 62 of Mr. Richardson's collection) as representing heads; Nos. 418 J, 4184, the united head, thorax, and base of wings; and Nos. 4170, 4173, 4174, 4177, 4178, as parts of the abdomen. The fibdomen shows a slendei, dorsal, pale stripe, distinct and moderately broad on the sixth to the eighth segments, scarcely reaching either border, and posteriorly ex- panding into a small, round spot ; and a ftiint dorsal line on the fourth and fifth segments, interrupted just before the tip. The appendages are simple. Length of head (according to the mode of preservation), 4.0-4.5""; breadth of same, 5.5""; length of thorax, 5™"; of [)edicel of wing, 5™"; of abdomen (probably 1™" should be added for a break at the base), 39""; length of segments 8 to 10, 6"™; breadth of ninth segment, 2.75"™; of fifth segnjent, 2.1"™; estimated length of whole body, 55"".
Named for my friend and fellow collector of Green River fossils, Mr. Frederick C. Bowditch, of Boston.
Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 4165 and 4166, 4167 and 4168, 15244, besides the parts of the body mentioned.
I
132
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
2. Dysagrion LAKBeil.
A nearly perfect wing and its reverse represent another species of this genuS; which is more nearly allied to D. packardii than to D. fredericii, differing from the former principally in the form of the quadrilateral and the shape of the pterostigma, whicli, although as long as there, surmounts only three cellules. There are two antecubitals, one at, the other a little before, the arculus ; the base of the principal and short sectors is straight, the cellules in the discoidal area are much as in D. fredericii, the quadri- lateral is twice as long as its mean breadth, its basal margin half as long as its apical, and the vein forming the lower margin bent at a similar angle with the inferior vein of the triangle as in D. fredericii ; the nodus is placed at one-third the distance from the arculus to the pterostigma. The wing is hyaline, excepting the fuliginous pterostigma, which ia four times as long as broad, surmounts three cellules, and is bordered by thickened black veins; its outer margin is much more oblique than its inner ; there are nineteen postcubitals.
Probable length of wing, 35""; length of part beyond peduncle, 33™" ; breadth, 8"™ ; distance from arculus to nodus, 8"" ; from nodus to tip of wing, 22.,5""; from nodus to inner corner of pterostigma, 15.5""; length of pterostigma, 3.75"".
Named for Prof. Arthur Lakes, of Colorado, my companion in explor- ing the fossil insect beds of the West.
Green River. One specimen, Dr. A. S. Packard, Nos. 259 and 260.
3. Dysagrion packardii. PI. 6, Figs. 1, 3, 11.
Dytagrion packardii Scndd., Zittel, Handb. d. Palieont., I, ii, 776, Fig. 979 (1885).
Another species of this genus is represented by a nearly complete front ving, a fragment of a wing and its reverse, and by a tolerably per- fect body presumably belonging to it. The wing agrees with that of D. fredericii in form and size, but differs in the following particulars: No ante- cubitals exist, except in the neighborhood of the arculus, one being present nearly half-way from it to the base and another may exist in the broken part of the wing just beyond the arculus ; the base of the principal and short sectors is straight ; the cellules in the discoidal area are, if anything,
KEUROPTEEA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA.
J 33
slenderer than in that species ; the quadrilateral ir of about equal lengtn and breadth, its basal only a little more than half the length of its apical margin and the vein forming its lower margin bent at a much greater angle with the inferior vein of the triangle than in the preceding species ; the nodus is placed slightly beyond one third the distance from the arculus to the pterostigma, while in the preceding species it is placed, if anything, at loss than one-third that distance; the wing is hyaline, excepting the dusky pterostigma, which is about three times as long as broad, surmounts four cellules, and is bordered by thickened black veins ; there are nineteen postcubitals.
The body is slender, the legs slender, but not very long, armed with long hairs, and the abdomen, which is considerably longer than the front wing, is viewed partly from the side and partly from above ; the superior male appendages are shorter than the tenth segment, quadrate, apparently of equal length and breadth, with a slightly projecting tooth at the inner tip directed inwards.
Length of entire body, 49°"°; head, 3""°; thorax, 8.5°"°; fore femora, 4.25°"°; middle femora, S"" ; hind femora, fi""; abdomen, SG""; second joint, 3.5""" ; third, S"" ; fourth to sixth, each G"" ; seventh, 4.5"°' ; eighth, 2.5'^'»; ninth, l.S""; tenth, l.l""; appendages, 0.6"""; breadth of head, 4.5°°" ; second to fifth abdominal segments (side view). 2.76°'°' ; sixth and seventh abdominal segments (top view), l.TS™" ; eighth, 3°*°" ; ninth, 2°"' ; tenth, 1.75°'°'; appendages, C.G""; length of wing, 36.5°'°'; of part beyond peduncle, 34.5"°' ; breadth, 8.6 ; distance from arculus to nodus, O™™ ; from nodus to tip of wing, 22.75°'°' ; from nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 16.75°'°' ; length of pterostigma, 3°'°'.
Named for the world-known American entomologist. Dr. A. S. Pack- ard, of Brown University.
Green River. Three specimens. Dr. A. S. Packard, Nos. 146, 147, 252 and 253.
2. PODAGRION de Selys.
Tropical South America claims the half dozen known living species of this genus, most of which have been found in Colombia and Venezuela. The single species we refer here is somewhat imperfect but apparently be- longs here, and can certainly not be far removed from it, for it agrees with it in the character of the pterostigma and the supplementary sectors. Ex- cept this no fossil species have been found.
134
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
PODAGHION ABOETIVUM.
PI. 6, Figs. 7, 8. Podagrion ahortivum Sondd., Bull. L 8. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 775-776 (1878),
The specimen represents the apical part of a wing with fragments of the middle portion. The pterostigma is a little more than twl",e as long as broad, and, although less oblique on the inner than on the outer side, yet lies at an angle of forty-five degrees with the costal edge, and is therefore more oblique than usual in Podagrion ; its outer side is arcuate as well as very oblique, but in its entire extent the pterostigma scarcely surmounts two cellules ; the outer side is much thicker than the inner, and thickens below as it passes gradually into the lower border, which, like the costal, is much thickened, and appears the more so from being independent of, although in conjunction with, the nxedian nervure. Beyond the pterostigma the ultra- nodal approaches the principal nervure very closely, so that they are only half as far apart at the margin as below the pterostigma ; there are two sup- plementary sectors, one between the ultranodal and the nodal, arising below the outer half of the pterostigma, the other between the nodal and subnodal, arising slightly farther back ; both of these supplementary sectors are straight, but the nodal is slightly undulated after the origin of the supple- mentary sectors ; all the other veins, excepting the extreme tip of the prin- cipal, are straight, anc' the reticulation tetragonal. The wing appears to be hyaline throughout, the pterostigma very slightly infumated, the ncrvures fusco-castaneous, taos.'" ibout the pterostigma deepening nearly to black. Apically the wing is well rounded, its apex falling in the middle and not at all produced. A species is indicated of about the size of P. macropus Sel.
Length of pterostigma along costal edge, 1.5"""; of same from inner lower angle to outer upper angle, 2.1""'; breadth of pterostigma, 0.65 ""; of wing in nf.iddlo of apical half, 5.5'°"'.
Green River. One specimen. No. 4169.
3. LITHAGRION gen. nov. {XWo?, Agrion).
Subnodal sector originating from the nodus, the median a little more than one cellule previous to it, the nodal at a little less than one-third the distance from the nodus to the pterostigma ; the latter is stout, dilated, sur- mounts about five cellules, its inner border a little jblique, its outer slightly
NEUROPTBRA-ODONATA— AGRIONINA.
135
oblique in the same sense. Reticulation dense, mostly tetragonal except- ing in the region of the supplementary sectors of which there are two be- tween each pair of sectors from the ultranodal to the short sector, excepting in the interspace betv/een the subnodal and the median ; none excepting the upper ones are curved, and there is also a single very brief one between the short sector and the superior sector of the triangle Postcostal space simple or nearly so, the inferior sector forming it extending beyond the mid- dle of the wing but not reaching the border. Wings enlarging considerably towards the middle, strongly petiolate nearly to the base of the quadrilateral; this is several times longer than broad, enlarging 8''']fhtly away from the base, the lower side from a fourth to a third longer t.ian the upper. Nodus situated about one-third the distance from the base to the pterostigma.
This genus is closely allied to PJiilogenia and Podagrion, the subnodal and median sectors having a similar origin, but it is clearly distinct from either; *t diflfers from the former in the structure of the pterostigma, which nowhere departs from the costal margin, in the straightness of the supple- mentary sectors, the obliquity of the apex of the quadrilateral, the greater distance of the nodus from the lase of the wing and the less petiolated and more broadly expanded form of the wing. -In the number and position of the supplementary sectors, however, it closely resembles it. From Pod- agrion it differs in the earlier departure of the nodal from the principal vein, the larger number of cellules below the pterostigma, the much greater number of supplementary sectors, and the more broadly expanded wing ; it resembles it rather than Philogenia in the structure of the pterostigma, the petiolation of the wing, and the position of the nodus. It diflFers even more from Dysagrion, Which I have plat-ed in the same group, than from either of these two recent genera! Two species have been discovered, both from Florissant.
Table of the ipeeie$ of Lithagnoti.
Wings oloar^ postcubitals few 1 L. hyaliiium.
Wings clouded except at base and apex; postcabitals nnmerouB 2.L. umbratum.
1. LiTHAORION HYALINUM. PI. 13, Fig. 4.
A pair of wings, barely overlapping at the postcostal margin and with the tips broken beyond the middle of the pterostigma, but otherwise in admirable proservation, represent t'.is species; they appear to be upper wings.
136
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
The wings are hyaline and are petiolated up to the base of the quad- rilateral or aoine distance beyond the first postcostal nervule. intranodal sector originatin<jf from a cross vein midway between thj nodus and the pterostigma, its course regular and not zigzag througliout its extent ; inferior sector of the triangle straight to near its tip, where it bends a little upward, running parallel to the margin and terminating in a cross vein, a little irregular near the tip. Pterostigma dark chocolate brown, the bordering veins thickened and black ; being broken its form can not be positively stated, but it appears to be nearly four times as long as its median width and considerably expanded on the under surface, probably surmounting four or five cellules ; quadrilateral more than four times its breadth at base, its lower side half as long again as the upper, the outer side very oblique. Nodus rather more than one-third the distance from the base to the ptero- stigma ; sixteen postcubitals. Wings rather slenderer than in L. umbratum.
Probu,ble length of wing, 33""" ; breadth, 6.6°"" ; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 17"'"; from nodus to base. ILS"""; breadth of wing in middle of petiolated portion, 1.3""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 8619.
1
2. LiTHAGRION UMBRATUM. PI. 13, Figs. 12, 14.
Two specimens, one a complete wing, the oth'oi lacking only the extreme base and an insignificant fraction of the apical margin, represent this species. Both appear to be upper wings.
The wings are hyaline at base and tip, faintly or distinctly clouded on the disk, the clouded portion having distinct lines of separation from the hyaline area ; the inner line is straight and transverse, crossing the wing from the second postcubital veinlet ; the outer line is bent or curved some- what, subparallel to the apical margin, and runs from the middle of the pterostigma to a little beyond the apex of the short sector, bending on the nodal sector. The wings are petiolated very nearly up to the first postcostal nervule, which is placed shortly before the base of the quadrilateral. Ultra- nodal sector originating from a cross vein a little distance beyond the nodal and shortly before a point midway between the nodus and pterostigma ; its course is more or less zigzag at its origin and again in the middle, but is mostly simple; inferior sector of the triangle straight in its basal half,
«■■
NBUROPTERA— ODONATA-AGBlONIrlA.
187
beyond more or less irregular, increasingly so towards its apex, where it bends upward so as more gradually to approach the border, and finally ends close to t)ie superior sector of the triangle in a cross vein ; many of the cellules in the apical half of the postcostivl space are broken by cross veins forming a broken supplementary sector here, and the same thing occurs feebly in the interspace above. Pterostigma scarcely more infumated than the disk of the wing, expanding slightly in the middle, about four times as long as broad, surmounting five to six cellules. Quadrilateral very slender, five or six times as long a° its basal breadth, its lower about one-fourth longer than its upper side, its outer side oblique. Nodus rather more than one-third way from the base to the pterostigma ; twenty-seven postcubitals. Wings rather stouter than in L. hyalinum.
Length of wing, 34.5""" ; breadth in middle, 8.5""" ; in middle of petiole, 1.5"™; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 18™""; from nodus to base, lO.S""".
Florissant Two specimens, Nos. 6927, 8163.
^v
Legion AGRION de Selys.
All the fossil species of this group, both in Europe and America, have been referred to the genus Agrion, which is by far the richest of its mem- bers at the present day.
AGRION Fabricius.
This genus, in recent times one of the largest and most cosmopolitan of the legion to which it belongs, is represented in the rocks by a single species in Europe, A. aglaope Heer from Oeningen, and the two species from America here described. Besides these a single immature species has been found in Europe (Oeningen) and another in America (Florissant), which are placed in this group as typical of the Agrionina.
The genus is, as stated, cosmopolitan, but its richest representation is in the tropics, and in the northern hemisphere at least it is more richly de- veloped in the New World. The two species here described from wings are not sufficiently perfect to decide into what subgenus they will fall, but they are certainly closely related to each other and appear to be most nearly allied to Amphiagrion or else to Pyrrhosoma or Erythromma.
im
"
138
TERTIARY IN8KCT8 OP NORTH AMERICA.
.:ii
The American fossil species of Agrion which are represented by their wings may be separated as follows :
Table of the tpeviei of Agrion.
Four aiitenodat oelliiles below the Hhurt sector ; aiiteiiodal portion of tbe ooata scarcely arched.
^ \. A. mai<yiicen».
Three autenodal celloles below the short sector; auteuodal portiou of the costa noticeably arched.
i. A. exaularii.
1. AgHION MA8CE8CEN8. PI. 13, Pigs. 8, 9.
This species is represented by a pretty well preserved specimen and its reverse showing most of the body, a part of the legs and the wings, but the latter confused by the overlying of those of one side upon those of t'^o other. The head is preserved only enough to show its form, which has nothing peculiar, and the same may be said of the thorax. Seven joints of the slender abdomen are preserved, the secor.d of which indicates that the specimen is a male. The head and thorax with the legs are black, but the abdomen is colorless; the legs are doubled up, the femora about as long as the breadth of the head, and the tibial spines, of which there are seven or eight in a row, are a little shorter than the interspaces between adjacent ones The wings are scarcely depressed at the nodus, the antenodal por- tion of the costal margin almost straight, hyaline with black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, alike on both wings, the only difference being in a slightly greater obliquity of the outer and inner margins (and especially of the outer) and the slightly shorter lower margin in the front wing ; very pale fuliginous, fading out towards the margins, margined vrith heavy blackish veins, surmounting a single cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates far before the basal postcostal nervute, which is situated slightly nearer the second than the first antecubital nervule. The arculus is directly beneath the second antecubital nervule. There are apparently eleven postcubitals on the fore wing and there are ten on the hind wing. Quadrilatera' "-f the fore wings with the inner and upper side of similar length and half as long as the lower side ; on the hind wings the inner side is considerably shorter than the upper, and the latter nearly three-fifths the length of the lower ; four antenodal cellules below the short sector ; the petiolatior begins unusually near the base of the wing or considerably before the first antecubital nervure. The nodal orig-
NEUBOPTEIIA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA.
13d
inates rather less than half-way from the nodus to the pterostignia ; the sub- nodal terminates quite beyond the extreme tip of the pterostigma, the median below its tip, the short sector, which ends in a zigzag course, before the pterostigma and below the origin of the ultranodal ; the superior sect( r of the triangle, which is straight to the tip, midway between the origin o^ the nodal and the pterostigma ; and the inferior sector of the triangle, which becomes zigzag a little beyond the nodus, terminates a little before the last.
Length of wings, 21.3°""; breadth, 4.6'""; distance from nodus to base, 7.25™™; toarculus, 3.4™™; to center of pterostignia, 12.5'""; breadth of head, 3.5"™; diameter of eyes, 1.25™"; length of thorax, 6"'™; of femora, 3™™; of tibial spines, 0.25"™; of abdomen (seven joints), 24.5"™; of first joint, 0.6™"'; second, 1.8™™; third, 4.4"" ; fourth, 6™"; fifth, 4.6"™; sixth, 4.6™"; seventh, 3.4™"; width of last, 1.2"'".
While the venation of the wing proves that this in«ect belongs in the legion Agrion, the unusually short petiolatiun of the wirg shows that it can not be referred to Telebasis, and the short spines of the tibiiu that it can not be an Argia. To which of the numerous subgenera of Agrion it should be referred can not be determined at present, but from the apparent want of postocular spots and the early origin of the inferior sector of the triangle it would appear to be most nearly allied to Am|)hiagrion or else to Pyrrho- soma or Erythromma. If to the former its affinities are with tropical American forms ; if to the latter with temperate forms of either hemisphere.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6824, 7158.
• 2. Agrion exsulabis. PI. 13, Fig. 6.
A single nearly perfect wing differs so sHghily from A. mascescens that it would appear to belong to the same restricted genus, although from our ignorance of the length of its tibial spines it might be considered an Argia. The wing, which is apparently an upper one, is a little depressed at the nodus, the antenodal portion of the costal margin being somewhat arched, hyaline with black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, the outer and inner margins considerably oblique, the outer perhaps the more so, fuliginous, margined, especially within, with heavy black veins, surmounting rather more than one cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates before the basal postcostal nerv-
140
TERTIARY INSKOTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
I
ule or juHt beneath the tit'Ht nntecubital ; the petiolutiuii therefore begiiiH >it thia point; the bumil |)OHM-oHtal Hoh midway between the two antecubitaJH; the arcuhtH in directly beneath tlie ueeond antecubital nervnle ; there are eleven poHtcubitalH ; (|uadrilateral with itn inner Hide Hcarcely shorter than its upper, the latter halt' ax lon^ as the lower side; three antenodal celluleo below the short sector. The ultranodal originates oidy two cellules before the pterostignia ; the nodal at scarcely less than half-way from the nodus to the pterostignia ; the subnodal terminates just below the tip of the ptero- stignui, the median below its middle ; the short sector, which has a zigza^ course in the outer fourth of the wing, terminates apparently below the base of the pterostigma or scarcely short of it.
Length of wing, 21.(55""° (the extreme l)a8e is not represented in the plate, although part of it is preserved) ; breadth, 4.35°"" ; distance from nodus to base, 7.65""" ; to arculus, 3.5""' ; to center of pterostigma, 12,5"'"'.
This species differs from the preceding principally in the longer petio- lation of the wing, the arching of the base of the costa, the number of ante- nodal cellules beyond the quadrilateral, and the more apical termination of the upper aectors.
Florissant. Ono specimen, No. 8146.
:i:
il
Agrion telluris.
PI. 13, Fig. 10.
Two nymphs, evidently belonging to the same species, have been found, and, considering the impossibility of determining to which, if any, of the species of Agrionina found in the perfect state they belong, they are treated as distinct, following the precedent set by Heer, and followed by others. The head is full, well rounded in front, squarely truncate and a little angu- lated behind, about half as broad again as long, scarcely broader than the thorax ; the antennae, or such parts as are preserved, are very slender, a little shorter than the head, the basal joint twice as stout, about twice as long as broad. The legs are very long and slender, especially the hinder pair, which would reach to the base of the antepenultimate abdominal joint ; the femora are narrowly and equidistantly four times barred with dark bands, the extreme bands at base and apex ; the tibiae are less than half as broad as the femora and have a broader median dusky band. The dark wing pads ave long and slender, twice as long as the width of the abdomen, and less
NEUROPTERA-ODONATA— /KSOIININA.
141
than half aH broad, nearly reaching the extremity of the third abdominal HegnuMit. The abdomen is o(|iial, scarcely tapering apically, the joints twice as broad as long, entire, not excepting the last. The caudal flaps or tracheal pads are considerably more than half as long as the abdomen, the middle one, showing on the left in Fig. 10, long, slender, fusiform, pointed apically, largest a little beyond the middle ; the lateral pair are much larger and asymmetrical, the inner flange, or the portion of the tracheal pad lying within the niedian rod, being subequal, but broiidest just before the tip, as broad throughout as the broadest part of one flange of the median flap ; the outer flange gradually expanding with a slight convexity from the base to a little beyond the middle, where it is twice as broad as the opposite flange, and then tapering rapidly, regularly, and with a scarcely perceptible con- cavity, to the tip of the median rod ; the edges of the pads are delicately denticulate, distantly on the expanding basal portions, more densely on the apical tapering parts and especially on the outer edges of the lateral pads, the denticulations, like the mcilian ribs, being black.
Length of body (excln ling terminal flaps), 21"""; of front femora, 3.25"'"' ; middle femora, 3.25""" ; hind femora, fV"" ; hind tibia;, 6.25™™ ; hind tarsi, 2 25"""; wing pads, 6.5"""; breadth of head, 3.5"™ ; thorax, 3™™ ; base of abdomen, 2.65™™ ; tip of same, 2.1'"™ ; length of terminal flaps, 7.5"" ; breadth of lateral flaps, 2™".
In the present state of our knowledge of the larva; of Agrionida; it is impossible to indicate with any certainty the position of this nymph. The absence of any sign of the mask, too, will remain a difficulty when we are more familiar with the living forms, but the small size of the head and the shape of the antenna; and caudal flaps will afford good points for comparison.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 13525, 14174.
Tribe ^ESCHNINA Hagen.
This gi'oup of larger Odonata seems to have been less richly endowed with species and genera than the other families both in past times and at present. The most recent study of the group by de Selys, which has just appeared, divides the ^Eschnida; proper into five genera and twenty-three subgenera, of which ^schna, with more than half the subgenera, embraces more than half the one hundred and fifty known recent species and is cos- mopolitan. It also embraces all the known fossils from the Tertiaries,
M
142
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
f^"
excepting one from Radoboj, an Anax, first described as ^schna metis by Heer. Four fossil species are known from the Old World and two are here described from the New. Of the Old World types one is merely mentioned by Hagen as found in amber and is represented only by the tip of a wing. A second, from Bornemouth in England, has been figured by Goss without a name. It appears to belong to the subgenus Basiseschna, but, as it is cer- tainly incorrectly drawn in some particulars, it may be in those, such as the simplicity of the subnodal sector, upon which this suggestion is based. Tlie other two, VEschna polydore and M. tyche from Oeningen, were described nearly thirty -five years ago by Heer, and are certainly very closely allied, though distinct, as Heer pointed out. They seem to belong pretty cer- tainly to JEschna s. s., and are apparently not for removed from the European M. mixta Latr., as I judge from direct comparison-.; with the entire series referred by de Selys to ^schna s. s., whi'sh I h'tve had the opportunity of studying in the Cambridge Museum through the favor of Dr. Hagen. Heer also directly compares the former to that species, as I subsequently noted. Our independenily formed opinions have therefore completely coin- cided. These two species are also very nearly allied to one of the Ameri- can forms, which, however, more closely resembles a common American species, M. constricta Say. The otlier American fossil belongs to BasijE- schna. The resemblance of the Tertiary aeschnid fauna of Europe and America appears therefore to have been tolerably close. (September, I'^SS.)
^SCHNA Fabricius.
ri?
All the fossil ^schnina known, excepting one (an Anax), belong to jEschiia, two European und one American to ^Eschna proper, and one from each country to BasiiBschna. '
The specie? of ^Eschna from Floi'issant known by their v/ings may be separated thus :
Table of the subgenera of .J>:(ichna.
Subnodal Ncctiir Torked, its upper Turk geparateil from the uoinl by a single row of cells; pterostignia hardly more than three tiniOH as king as broad and only one-fourth as long as the space between it and the uodua 1. yHnchna $. s.
Subnodal sector simple, separated from the nodal by three rows of cells; pterostignia four or ttve times us long as broad, more than one-third as lung as the space between it and the nodus.
2. Hneifiichna,
1 Vide supra.
IIPIPIPI'
m^mmWfr
NBUROPTERA— ODONATA— ^SCHNINA.
143
1. Subgenus -iIEschna Selys.
This group of the genus ^achna is a cosmopolitan one, and includes a larger proportion of the species than any other. To it belong two European and one American fossil species, all closely allied, but the European more nearly related to an existing European species, JE. mixta, the American to an existing American species, JE. constricta, than to any others.
.^SCHNA (^SCftNA) 80LIDA.
PI. 13, Pig. 1.
A remarkabl)' well preserved front wing, the extreme base only lost Wing of rather small size and rather slender, the middle line of the basal half bent at a slight angle with that of the apical half; tip of the wing uni- formly rounded ; nodulus above the principal sector strongly and rather regularly curved, much nearer the pterostigma than the base ; nodal sector curved rather gently upward in the middle portion of its course but termi- nating some distance below the apex of the wing ; subnodal sector forked widely a little before the pterostigma, the upper fork turning abruptly upward at its origin; the intercalated sector between the subnodal and median forked below the base of the pterostigma, its upper fork also curved upward and separated at tip from the lower fork of the subnrdal by only a single row of cells, as usual ; median and short sectors separated in the apical half (or less) by a double row of cells in the discoidal rield below the triangle, first two, then three, and afterwards four or five rows of cells irreg- ularly disposed. Pterostigma scarcely four times as long as broad, the inner and outer margins very oblique and parallel ; color blackish castane- ous, the bordering veins black. Antecubitals more than twenty-two (prob- ably about twenty-five), postcubitals fifteen.
Length of wing more than 4 1""° (probably 44"""); breadth, 10.5"""; dis tance from nodulus to base of pterostigma, IS'"" ; length of pterostigma, 4""".
This species plainly belongs to the siibgenus J^schna. By favor of Dr. Hagen I have compared it directly with all tiie species referred by Selys to that group, excepting a couple of rare forms, and unquestionably it is most closely allied to JE. constricta, thougli closely resembling JE. marchali. Indeed, the resemblance to JE. constricta is closer than I have yet found between any well preserved Florissant insect and any living
1
144
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
II
type ; it agrees better with it than JE. constricta does with any other living form. The nodal sector of M. solida is not so strongly curved as in JE. constricta, ^.vA the pterostigma of the fossil is slightly longer ; these are the most important distinctions that were noted. Florissant. One specimen, No. 8347.
2. Subgenus Basi^schna Selys.
As was stated in the general remarks under -^schnina, Goss's unnamed ^schnid from Bornemoutli, England, probably belongs to this group ; an interesting fact since, so far as I know, it is exclusively an American group, and one of our own fossils falls therein. It is the only subgenus of .lEschna besides ^schna proper which is known in a fossil state.
jEschna (Basi-eschna) separata. PI. 13, Fig. 15.
A complete front wing and its reverse broken near the course of the median secto. and the part below crowded up against the upper portion, so as to confuse the parts next the line ^f fracture.
The wing is of rather small size, rather slender and straight ; the tip is slightly angulated rather below the middle of the wing ; nodulus placed at almost two-thirds the distance from the base to the pterostigma, scarcely directed backward above the subcostal, below that straight, directed some- what forward and reaching the subnodal ; nodal sector curved rather strongly and somewhat rapidly upward in the middle part of its course, terminating a little distance below the tip of the wing; subnodal sector simple and beyond the base of the pterostigma siibparallel to the nodal ; the intercalated sector between the subnodal and the median simple, but curved in the course of what would be the superior foi-k if it were branched, and even more strongly curved than in iEschna solida ; median and short sectors separated apically by a double row of cells, but to how far from the margin can not be seen ; in the discoidal field below the tri- angle there are at first two, then three, and afterwords four or five rows of cells, the last arranged in somewhat obscure oblique series. Pterostigma five times as long as broad, both outer and inner margin very oblique, but the outer much more so than the inner ; the color uniform pale clay brown, but the thickened bordering veins black. Antecubitals twenty-three, post- cubitals thirteen.
'
'
':.
NEUKOPTERA— ODONATA— LIBELLULINA.
145
^
Length of wing, 44™"'; breadth, 10.2"""; distance from base to noduhis, 21.5°™; from noduUxs to base of pterostigma, 13.2°"'; length of ptero- stigma, ")"'"■.
This species differs from JR. solida in its more pointed tip, straighter form, simple subnodal sector, which is separated from the nodal by three rows instead of one row of cells, and by the greater approximation of the nodulus to the pterostigma as well as by the greater length of tlie latter.
It is very closely related to iEschna janata Say, which Selys makes the type of his Iksiaiscfnia. The nodal sector has precisely the same curve just before the pterostigma, and it differs mainly in the more arcuate tip of the principal nervule intercalated between the subnodal and median sectors.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8164 and 11693.
-^SCHNA LARVATA. PI. 13, Fig. 11.
A single specimen of a larva has been found belonging to this genua and not improbably belonging to one of the species descriljod; but as this can not from the nature of the case be determined it will he best to give it a distinct niinio for ready reference. The front half of the body is rather obscure, but the outline show ; the form with sufficient distinctness. The body is largest in the middle of the abdomen, scarcely decreasing in size anteriorly, l>ut posteriorly narrowinjr .somewhat rapidly beyond the fourth abdominal segment; the outer edges of the posterior borders of the seg- ments are not produced ; the three anal valves are disli tly seen, are very slender and finely pointed ; one of the legs is preserved, showing that it is slender and of the usual form.
Length of l)ody, 34.5°°; breadth in middle of abdomen, 7.5°°; at base of al)domen, 6"'°; at base of anal valves, 2.5°'"; length of latter, 3 25'"° ; of femur of hind (!) leg, 6°"' ; of tibia, 4.5™"' ; of tarsi, 4.25'"'".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1816.
Tribe LIBELLULINA Hagen.
A small number of species of this tribe occur in the P^uropean Ter- tiaries.
VOL XIII 10
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'I
146
TEBTIAKY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMERICA.
LlBELLlILA Sp.
PL «, Figs. 4, 16.
(LibelluHna) Soudd., Ball., U. S. Oeol. Googr. Surv. Terr., IV, 775 (1878).
Fragments of an abdomen in obverse and reverse are probably to be referred to Libbiuila only in the broadest possible sense, but they are insuffi- cient to give further determination. They evidently represent four or five of the terminal segments of the bodj'', there being first three segments of equal breadth and a similar length, a little longer than broad, with a slight median carina ; and then three others without a median carina and wilh continually decreasing 1 ^^th, the first of them (probably the eighth seg- ment) half as long as the preceding, but of the same width ; the next half as long as the one which precedes it, but narrower, and the last still narrower Cbut imperfect).
Length of the fragment, 20°""; of its third (seventh? abdominal) seg- ment, 4.5°"" ; breadth of same, 3.5.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4175 and 4176.
It
Suborder PLANIPENNIA Burmeister.
The collections obtained at Florissant embrace eight genera and thir- teen species of planipennian Neuroptera. All of the species and four of the genera are new, and belong to four families. The Raphidiida; are the most numerous, embracing Raphidia, with a single species, and Inocellia with four ; the species referred to Raphidia hardly belongs to it in a strict sense, since the costal vein is excessively short, there are no costal veinlets, and the sectors do not originate obliquely from the radius, but more indirectly by transverse veins ; all the species of Inocellia, which fixU into two sections, . difi'er from living types and also from the species found in Oligocene amber of the baltic in having no transverse series of regular discoidal areoles be- low the pterostigma. A single species of Osmylus represents the Heme- robidap, and diff'ers from living forms, as does also the aml)er species, in the simple character of the costal nervules, the much smaller number of sectors, and the linuted supply of cross-veins in the basal half of the wing, giving this region a very different appearance from its rather close reticnlation in modern types. It may here be noticed that as a very general rule the neu- ration of the wing is much closer in modern Planipennia than in their Ter- tiary representatives.
NEUROPTERA— PLANJPENNIA.
147
lb
I
There are four species of Clirysoi/ida^ referable to two genera, each of them extinct; Chrysopidit have not before been recognized in Tertiary strata, the single species poorly figured by Andni, and never carefully studied, being much more probably ono of the liemerobidju. Those two genera, called Pahvochrysa and Tribochrysa, are allied to the living Nothochrysa, but differ from modem types in the zigzag course of the upper cubital vein, and in its direction, which is through the middle of the wing, as well as by the smaller number of sectors and the entire absence of any transverse series of gradate veinlets ; PaljEOchrysa is represented by a single sjiecies, Tribochrysa by three, and the genera differ from each other in the course of the upper cubital vein, which in Palajochrysa is direct and bordered by comparatively uniform cells, while in Tribochrysa it is doubly bent in tho middle, and is therefore bordered by very unequal cells. Two species of Panorpida? have been found, one of which is referable to a new genus, Hol- corpa, which differs from Pauorpa in tho entire absence of cross-veins, and is remarkable for the spots 6n the wings. All these have been discovered at Florissant only. No planipennian Neuroptera have been found in the Green River shales, but the Tertiary beds of British Columl^ia have fur- nished a single species of TIemerobidj«, belonging to an extinct genus allied to Micromus, and which I have called Bothromicromus ; and we have re- mains of one of the Sialidai from ii>eds of Laramie age in Colorado, which is introduced here.
The number of species of Tertiary Planipennia is nearly doubled by the discoveries already made in the American Tertiaries, but the families, and es- pecially the genera, are very differently represented on the two continents ; thus the Raphidiidai have in Europe only one species of Inocellia, while, on the other hand, the Hemerobida; show one or more species each of Nymphes, Sisyra, Hemerobius, and Osmylus. The Chrypopida?, as stated, are unrepresented, although two species are known from the Jura. The Panorpida^ have one species of Panorpa and three of Bittacus. while there are also two species of Ascalaphus and one each of Myrmeleon, Chau- liodes, and Coniopteryx, belonging to families not found fossil in this coun- try. (September, 1883.)
I
148
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
II
Family SIALINA Leach.
This family ia composed of two grou]»s, each represented in our rocks. As they differ somewhat remarkably ia history and distribution, such gen- eral remarks as can be made will appear in contrasting the statements which follow under each.
Subfamily SIALID^E Stephens.
The Sialida^ are evidently an expiring type. A considerable number of Paleozoic forms have been referred, with more or less reason, to it or it.s vicinity, and certainly the resemblance of its modern genera to the bulk of the ancient neuropteroid types is greater than can be affirmed of any other modern group. Yet even in the Mesozoic period we know of coniparati\'eh' few examples ; Hagen refers an undescribed species from the Jura to Cory- dalus; Westwood figures a Sialium from the Purbecks, and the species given here, belonging to the disputed Laramie beds, is known only by its egg- masses ; I have also shown that the larval Mormolucoides articulatus Hitchc. from the Connecticut River sandstones is to be regarded as a sialid. In Tertiary times, where the number of insects known is vastly increased, we find no greater representation. One species only, Chauliodes prisca, from the amber, is well known ; Gravenhorst and Burmeister speak of a Seniblis from amber, which may be the same as Ilagen's, above mentioned ; and an insect's leg from Rott has been doubtfully referred here. No species of this group has been found in the American Tertiaries. So too we find the exist- ing species very meager as compared with other families of Neuroptera ; but that some existed in American Tertiaries can not be doubted by any who will compare our huge living Cor3'dalus with the still more gigantic Corydalites from the Laramie beds. (September, 1883.)
CORYDALITES Sctulder.
Corydalites Scmlilor, Bull. IT. S. Geol. Gcogr. Snrv. Torr., IV, 5:J7 (1878).
The egg-masses thus named were described by me in 1878, but it was not until the publication of a figure of one of them in Zittel's Handbuch der Pahvontologie, in 1885, that their existence in beds of quite similar age in Eui-opo was recognized. On this point I may quote from a letter written me by the Marquis de Saporta in May, 1 886 :
NEIJROPTEUA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IALINA.
149
II lu'a Hufil de Jeter leu yeux Hur votre figure 981 puur reconnaitro l'identit6 par- fuite de votre Gorydalites fecundiim avec des corps fossiles, ayant m^tne aspect et rn^me composition qai out ut6 recueillisen assez bon uombre et par/aitement coaaturv^a dans uotre terrains tl liguites de Fnveau pres d'Aix, et justeuient ces lignites sont mainte- nant rapportes universelleraent au Garumnieu inf^rienr, et m€-me plus bas an Cam- panien, c'est ti dire, H I'horizon de la craie supdrieure. II est done tr^s int^ressant de constater la presence do ces uids on reunions d'oeufs de Oorydalis, au m^me niveau, en Europe comme en Anitiriqne et probablemeut dans les inf'ines conditions de d4pdt. Les Gorydalites fecunduin ont vtd recueillis lY Trets pres de Fnveau dans les lits char- bonueux exploit^s, oil ils se trouvent associ^s il des feuilles de Nelumbium. II est ra^me visible que ces Nelumbium ont v6cu sur place et les Gorydalites out du vivre cdte & cdte et placer lenrs ueufs dans des monies lieux,
Gorydalites fecundum.
PI. 4, Figs. 5-7, 13-16, 18-21, 23.
Corydalites femmdum Soudd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 537-540 (1878) ; in Zittel, Handb. PaliBont., I, II, 776, Figs. 981b, b (1885); White, Rep. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., XI, 173-174
(1879).
Under this name I have classed an insect which laid some remarkable egg-masses, obtained in numbers by Dr. C. A. White, at Crow Creek, fifteen miles northeast of Greeley, Colorado, in lignitic beds of the Laramie group. These egg-masses are five centimeters in length by nearly two in breadth and one in height, nearly equal throughout, rounded and slightl}' pointed at the tips, and of a dirty yellowish brown. They are estimated to contain each about two thousand eggs definitely arranged, and coated with a cov- ering of what was presumably albuminous matter, which also surrounds each egg. The close general resemblance of these eggs and of their clus- tering to that of the eggs referred by Mr. O. V. Riley to the neuropterous genus Corydalus^ leave little doubt concerning their probable affinities. Mr. Riley's description is as follows :
The egg-mass of Gorydalus coruntus is cither broadly oval, circular, or (more excep- tionally) even pyriform in circumference, flat on the attached side, and plano-convex [broadly convex is doubtless meant] on the exposed side. It averages 21'""> in length, and is covered with a white or cream colored albamiiious secretion, which is goner- ally splashed around the mass on the leaf or other object of attachment. It contains from two to three thousand eggs, each of which (PI. 4, Figs. 17, 22) is 1.3"'™ long aud aL;out one third as wide [he figures them of a slenderer form], ellipsoidal, translucent, sordid white, with a delicate shell, and surrounded aud separated from the adjoining eggs by a thin layer of the same white albuminous material which covers the whole. The outer layer forms a compact arch, with the anterior ends pointing inwards, and
' It has been suggested tliat these may belong rather to Cliautiodes, a closely allied genus of Neuroptera; but Mr. Riley declares that they are identical with those found in the bodyof Corydalus,
i
150
TRUTIARY INSKOTS OP NORTH AMKUICA.
the posterior unda showing lii<e fuint dots tbroiigb the white coveriug. Those of the marginal row lie flat on the attached surface ; the others gradually diverge outwardly, 80 that the central ones are at right angles with said object. Beneath this vaulted layer the rest lie on a plane with the leaf, those touching it in concentric rows, the rest packed in irregularly.'
In the fossil oothoca tliG mass is much larger and more elongated, and possesses l)esides one characteristic in which it differs strikingly from that of Corydalns (and on which account particularly 1 have used a new generic appellation), viz, the division of its mass into two longitudinal and equal halves by an albuminous wall, or rather by double albuminous walls, which may be parted above, leaving as the only connection between the two halves their common albuminous floor. There are indeed a few specimens which .show no sign of this division, but a median furrow, or a deeper and more con ilete separation of the two halves, is so prevalent that this seems to bo the only explanation to bo offered for its appearance. Their absence in the few specimens is probablj' duo to defect of preserva- tion. The common albuminous floor and the upper and outer albuminous coating are of remarkable thickness, varying from one to three milli- meters ; but the coating attenuates to a mere lamella as it passes down the median furrow, so that when the mass remained quiet in the position in which it was laid, the lateral halves pressing closely against each other, the combined thickness of the two albuminous walls would together no more than equal the ordinary thickness of tlie albuminous partition l)etween any two contiguous eggs. That such a partition existed even in those which do not now show it seems probable from the regularity of tlie furrow in every instance of its occurrence and by its prevalence ; some specimens merely show a sharp groove along the middle, the halves remaining in complete juxtaposition;^ others again are so completely separated as to be curled over and meet beneath (Figs. 19, 23).
This, together with the fiict that the egg-mass is otherwise extremely reguhar (showing only so little plasticity as to allow one broad side to be straight, while the opposite is a little convex) and never exhibits tlie slightest tendency to coil longitudinally, leads me to believe that the egg-masses were laid in the water of shallow basins, upon the muddy floors, which
' Proo. Am. Assoc. Ad. Soi., vol. i25, pp. 277-278.
'TheRO speciinous are some from which weatherin); has remoTed their outer albuiiiinouH cantin<;; perhaps, if this had remained, the farrow would have been concealed by the complete union of the attingent albuminous walls.
mi
NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA-SIALINA.
151
u.
could be reached by the abdomen of the insect while resting upon a stone or overhanging twig. In this medium the albuminous secretion would ex- pand to the utmost ; if the bunch of eggs remained undisturbed, it would present us with the more regular hirudiniform masses that have been found ; if rolled about by the disturbance of the waters, the two halves would curl toward each other more or less closely, forming a subcylindrical mass, and inclose between their approaching walls more or less of the mud in which they are rolled. This is exactly the appearance of most of them now, inclosing the same substances as that within which they and the accompany- ing Bulimi and other fresh-water mollusks lie embedded.'
These masses differ from those of Corydalus in the extraordinary amount of albuminous matter which surrounds both the entire mass (Fig. 16) and each individual egg (Fig. 7). This is perhaps to be explained by the medium in which they appear to have been laid, and will in part account for the vast size of the ootheca, which are much larger than any mass of insect eggs which I can find noticed. The size of the mass, however, is also due to the greater magnitude of the eggs themselves, which are twice as long as and proportionally larger than those of Corydalus (Figs. 17, 21), and lead to the conviction that we are to look in the rocks of the Laramie Group for an insect of great magnitude, closely allied to our Corydalus, itself the largest of all known Sialina. It can hardly be doubted that it must have been at least double the size of the living type. The number of eggs laid is about or nearly the same as in Corydalus, presuming, in either case, all to be laid at once.
Compared with the eggs, the albuminous substance surrounding them 13 much softer, more or less friable, and easily removed, being every where composed of fibers running in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the egg. The weathering of the specimens has been snoh that in sev- eral instances the whole albuminous cap has been removed, and in others a large part also of the interovular partitions, leaving the eggs standing erect, each separated from its neighbors by from one-third to one-half its own thickness. In many cases the eggs can be pulled from their cells ; and, al- though frequently flattened, they may be studied almost as well as if living.
The eggs (Fig. 21) have an average length of 2.6™"' and a central
'The deposit in which they occur is a fresh- water one; but Mr. Lcsqnerenx informs me that brackieh- water forms are foond both above and below them. For details concerning the age of the deposit and the fossils associated with Corydalites, see the article by Dr. C. A. White, quoted above.
152
TfcJKTIAUY INSK(!T8 OF NORTH AMEllICA.
! !
1 i
V
iilf!
width of 0.6""" ; thoy uro noarl}- cNlliulrlcal, but fiiiiitly arcuato, slightly at- tomiated at the anterior cxtroniity, and slightly tumid on tho posterior half, at the tip of which they taper rapidly, rounding off to a rather broadly con- vex extremity, which is flattened or often sunken in a circular central space 0.1"'"' in diameter (Fig. 7), outside of which the surface is rather profusely filled with very shallow, obscure, circular pits, averaging 0.01'"'" in diameter. The anterior extremity (Figs. 5, fi) terminates in a slightly elevated, thin, subtuberculate rim, inclosing a terminal portion, whose surface gradually rises centrally to form a truncated cone, and is pitted with saucer-liko deptes- sions, gradually diminishing in size up the sides of the central extension ; tho latter is about as long as the breadth of its tip ; its extremity (Fig. 18), O.O-l-O.OoS"""" in diameter, is more or less sunken, with a central circular pit (the micropyle) 0.01"°"' in diameter ; while tlio rounded margin of the ex- tension is made more or less irregular by the saucer-like depressions which surmount it, but have now become of extreme miimteness.
This structure of the anterior extremity of tho egg agrees with what was previously known of tho egg of Sialis, but no mention of the elevated point was made in Mr. Riley's description of the egg of Corydalus. It oc- curs there, however, as I find by examination of eggs he has kindly sent me. These eggs of Corydalus (Figs. 17, 22) also show the sunken space at the pos- terior end, and the sides of the egg are marked nearly as in the fossil, the surface of the latter being broken up by scarcely elevated, slight ridges into oljscure, transverse, hexagonal cells, one-tenth of a millimeter long (across the egg) and one-fifth as broad, those of adjoining rows interdigitating.
In the disposition of the eggs also these masses differ from those ot Corydalus, for they are arranged in a radiating manner around the longi- tudinal axis of the ootheca. All of them partsike of this aiTangement even when, as rarely hapjjens, there are two layers in place of one over parts of the mass ; in no case are any of the eggs packed in irregularly, as is the case with a portion of those of Corydalus, according to Riley. As in Corydalus, however, the posterior ends are those which are directed toward the upper albuminous coating, which in many cases shows very slight subhexagonal or circular depressions or elevations corresponding to the position of the extremity of the egg beneath, just as in Corydalus the posterior ends of the eggs show "like faint dots through the white cover- ing." The outer albuminous coating appears in tlie fossil to be made up of
ft.
1
NKlJUOl'TKUA-I'LANIl'KNNIA— HIAIJNA.
153
1
as nuuiy piirt« a« there are oggH, tlio iiitorovulai- librmis material oxtciuling to tlio suifaco of tlio ootliuca, forming walls to (loop cells which contain eggs, and which are corked up, as it were, l>y plugs of albuminous material. These plugs seem to he very similar to the cell-walls, having boon com- posed aj)parently of viscous threads, also rumn'ng in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the eg^i;; but in some cases the cell-walls beyond the eggs have become blackened, while the plugs retain their normal color and separate readily from them.
When the egg-nmss was undisturbed, the outermost eggs lay horizon- tally, and those next the median furrow vertically (Fig. IFi); the division walls of the cells were therefore thinnest below, and it appears probable that the young made their escape at the bottom of the median furrow, where the outer coating is also thinnest, though not so presented in the schematic figure. Where double layers occur, the eggs of the upper seem to bo in a direct line with those of the lower layer, egg for egg, as if a cell of double length weri. stocked with two eggs, separated by an albuminous partition, and in this case the albuminous floor and covering are thinn?r than usual, so that the egg-mass is not greatly enlarged nor distorted. When two layers were thus formed, the young larva- of the upper layer must have escaped through the emptied cells of the lower.
It only remains to add that with a single exception these masses differ comparatively little in size, most of them being nearly or quite five centi- meters long, although some scarcely exceed four centimeters. The single exception is of a mass only a little more than fifteen millimeters long, six millimeters broad, and three millimeters high. It shows no furrow, but may represent only one lateral half of an egg-mass, as the walls of one side are steeper than those of the other and look like the sides of a median furrow. This mass is so small that only by presuming one-half to be gone and the albuminous covering to be thinner than usual can it be regarded as belonging to the same species with the others, although evidently of a similar nature. In case it belongs to the same species, it may be looked upon as probable that a female usually deposited all her eggs in a single bunch, but that in this case some accident preventing it, the remnant was subsequently laid in n mass of much smaller dimensions, one-half of which is preserved. This is the view I am disposed to adopt.
Crow Creek, near Greeley, Colorado (Laramie group). Dr. C. A. White. Many specimens.
>
154
TERTrAUY IN9RCT8 OF NORTH AMRIUCA.
\
u
f
i 111
i ii
f
HublUiaily ItAPI III>lin/F< Stopliens. ' Hitherto only ono HpecioH of thin group Ims been t'oiind in Tertiary beds, and its imrlior existence is unknown ; this single instiinro is Inocellia erigena from amber. Now, however, we find them in the rocks themselves, as five species from Florissant are before us, one belonging probably to Raphidia, the others to Inocellia. This is perhaps one of the most striking of the facts yet discovered in the American Tertiaries; for the known species of this family not only are exclusively north temperate', but almost exclusively gerontogeic, the only form known from this country oast of the Sierra Nevadas being a (probably introduced) European species ; several, however, are known from the west coast, whose insect fauna is well known to have very strong European, or at least gerontogeic, affinities. A point of additional interest is the fact that so many species of Inocellia are found and only one of Raphidia (and that doubtful), when Raphidia is very rich and Inocellia very poor in species at the present time. As already stated, the amber species is also an Inocellia. (September, 1883.)
Table of the genera of Eaphidiida:
PteroBtigma orossod by veinletg and therefore composed uf more than one cell; wings tbree times as
long as liroa<l 1. Raphidia,
Pterostigma composed of a single cell; wings more than three times as long as l)roa<l 2 Inocellia,
1. RAPHIDIA Linnd.
The single spocies referred here differs considerably from modern forms in the brevity of tlie costal vein, the absence of costal trai ; erse veinlets, and other features of the neuration which render its reference to Raphidia doubtful. It can not be referred to Inocellia on account cf the structure of the pterostigma, and it should perhaps be considered as belonging to a dis- tinct genus. If a true Raphidia it is the first one that has been found fossil.
Raphidia (?) tkanquilla.
PI. 14, Fig. 2(S).
A single specimen in which the head is wanting and the four wings are overlapping ; the neuration is almost exactly similar in all the wings, and they are of equal size, but for the sake of clearness only one of them, an upper Aving, has been drawn for the plate.
> It was by error that I allnded to these genera as indicative of a warmer climate for ancient t'loris- sant in the Annual Report of the V. S, Geological and Oeograpliicnl Survey for 1S7H, p. 399.
I
NKIIROPTKRA— I'LANM'KNNIA-SIAIilNA.
155
Tlio winj^H Hio coiiHidombly longcM- tlmn the uIkIoiuoh, oviil, romuletl at the tip, with a ffently coiivox inner nmigin and a nearly Htraijjfht coHtal margin. Tlio neuration is distinct and black and in thu front wingH aH fol- lows : The pteroHtignia is small, Hemi-oval, fidiginous, deepening centrally, Hitiiated in the middle of tlut apical half of the wing at the costal margin, cut oblicjuely by a curving traiiHverso voinlet at itH outer extremity. The coHtal margin is scarcely expanded at the base, and the costal vein is ex- ceedingly short, terminating in the margin before the end of the basal third of the wing; this feature, with others in the neuration ami the total absence (as far as can be seen) of costal transverse ycinlets, renders it doubtful whether it belongs to Raphidia in a strict sense The subcostal vein therefore forms a eonsiderable part of the costal border and is widely sep- arated from the radius and connected with it by a single transverse veinlet in the middle of the wing. The sectors do not arise obliquely from the radius, but are connected with it by straight transverse cross- veins, making two long and large pentagonal cells in the middle of the wing beneath the radius, equally broad at both ends There are three long discoidal areolets, the uppermost narrow, the middle one shorter than the others, the outer limits of all of them nearer to the apical margin than to the iimer limits, making the marginal areoles shorter than the discoidal ; all the areolets of the central portions of the wing are large, being few in number, and they approach rather near the margin, with which they are connected by few, seldom and then simply furcate, marginal veinlets
Lengthof thorax, 1.85""°; of abdomen, 5.2"""; of wing, 7.75"""; breadth of latter, 2.55""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 4383 (,?).
2. INOCELLIA Schneider.
The occurrence of a species of this genus in amber and its present existence only in the north temperate region of the Old World and of our extreme western coast, where the affinities of the fauna are decidedly Euro- pean, render the discovery of four species in our Colorado Tertiaries one of special interest. It is curious, however, that they differ not only from the modern forms, but also from the amber species, I. erigena Menge, in lacking the regular arrangement of the cells below the pterostigma to form a trans- verse uniform series of discoidal areoles.
1^
156 TERTIAKi iNSECTg OP NORTD AMERICA.
The species may be sei)arated thus :
Table of the epeciet of InoceUia,
Central sector '^f the fronc wiug (or the sector wlr^cli traverses tlie middle of the wing above tbe cu- bital veiis) arisiuK from a broken series of trausverso vei', '< connecting tbe radius and
anal vein 1. /. veterana.
Central sector of the front wiug arising hi the angle of, and bisecting, the basal cell formed by the Junction of the radius aud it? basal brunch. Longitudinal row of cdlls below thp radius of inul or subeqiial length.
Front wing alnnt two and a h'ilf times longer than broad ; cells just above tbe cubital cells no longer than they and shorter than those in the row just beneath tne radius; pro- thorax strongly tapering.. 2. /. somnolenla.
Front wiug more tba.^ three times as long as broad ; cells just above the cubital cells much longer than they and as long as those in the row just beneath the radius; prothorax eiiual.
'^. I. Iiimulata. Loc, itudini'l ro<T of cells next below the radius of very unequal length 4. /. evenla.
1. Inocellia VKTERANA. PL 14, Fig. 1.
A single specimen has been found, in which the two front wings are preserved with an obscure body, lacking the head. This front wing is con- siderably longer than thorax and abdomen together, nearly four times as long as broad, the apical margin well rounded, not at all produced. The venation is distinct, dark castaneous ; the pterostigma is of considerable size, faint castaneous, about ionr times as long as broad, ecpial, terminated interiorly by a transverse, exteriorly Ijy a very oblique nervule. The cos- tal margin is straight from the base to the pterostigma with no expansion wliatever; the figure of the right wing on the plate is incorrect in this par- ticular, a faint expanded vein being represented where none exists. The subcostal vein runs ))arallel with the costal vein in the basal half of the wing, and is connected witl. it by four or five transverse or oblique veinlets, then suddenly turns upward and joins it nt some distance before the ptero- stigma. The radius runs parallel to the costal vein throughout, and is con- nected with the subcostal by two or three transverse veinlets. The sectors, or longitudinal veins of the central portion of the wing, do not arise at intervals obliquely from the radius as they do in the other species, as well as in the amber I eogena and in modern types, but together form a broken transverse veinlet, curving around from beyond the m'ddle of the basal half of the radius to the anal vein and at intervals from the upper sector. It seems, therefore, to form r, somewhat distinct group of Inocellia. There are two sectors springing from the first sector, one in the middle, the other
NEUROPTEBA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA.
157
ill the middle of the outer half, of the ving ; beyond the origin of the first sector, or the broken set of transverse veinlets of which its base forms the origin, thero are four or five very long subhexagonal cells just below the radius, the third from the l)ase reaching the middle of the pteroatigma. The number of sectors is so large that, omitting the marginal cells, there are six radiating series of cells between the radius and the anal vein. The cells of the marginal series are of very varying size and shape, but the vein- which form them are very rarely forked.
Length of thorax and abdomen, 7.5""" ; of wing, 9""" ; In-eadth it" same, 25"""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1.385, obtained by the Princeton Expe- dition.
2. Inocellia somnolenta.
PI. 14, Fig. 12 ( 9 ).
One specimen belonging here, with its reverse, consists of a 'lead and thorax with fragments of legs and wings, among the latter one nearly per- fect front wing overlying part of a hind wing. Tlie head is slender and very long oval in shape ; the thorax stout with a greatly and regularly tapering prothorax forming anteriorly a very slender neck. Front wing well rounded, rather broad for its length, though its exact breadth can not be told from the broken edges. The neuration is distinct and black, the pterostigma faint, fuliginous, long, and equal, about four times as long as broad, squarely margined basally, obliquely margined distally. The costal margin is nearly straight, gently and slightly expanded, the subcostal vein terminating upon it before it reaches tlie pterostigma by nearly the length of the latter. Beyond the basal cell, which is bisected by the last sector, and correspor.ds to the cell situated within the broken series of transverse vcinlets in I. veterana, there are immediately below the radius three very long subpentagonal cells, the second reaching beyond the middle of the pterostigma. Omitting the cells which border the margin, there are five radiating series of cells between the pterostigma and the anal vein ; the cells are fairly large, varying much in shape but rarely more than twice as long as broad, the terminal veinlets next the margin frequently and widely forked.
158
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOKTU AMEKICJA.
■1)
Length of head, 2'"'" ; breadth of same, 0.8'""' ; length of thorax, 4.5'"'°; breadth of same, 2.4"""; breadth of neck, 0.3°""; probable length of pro- thorax, 2"""; its breadth at base, 1.75""°; length of fore wing, 7°"" ; its prob- able breadth, 2.5"""'.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 9373 and 10389.
Another specimen shows the apical half of two overlapping fore wings, which differ so little from the preceding that I place it here at least provis- ionally ; it differs principally in the point of immediate origin of one of the veins terminating in the apex, which in the specimen first described origi- nates in the distal, in this specimen in the proximal of the two cells imme- diately below the pterostigma.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 2603.
3. Inouellia tumulata.
n I
PI. 14, Fig. 15 ( 3 ).
The species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse in which the entire body and nearly the whole of the four wings are pre- served. The head is obscure and ill-defined in part, with no appendages ))reserved, obpyriform in shape, being broadest in the middle of the anterior half or about three-fourths the length, the front broadly rounded, behind tapering rapidly, so that the base is narrower than the narrow neck formed of the prothoracic segment. This is nearly four times longer than broad, less than half as broad as the head and apparently equal, though the imperfection of the part renders this doubtful. The meso- and meta- thoracic mass is robust, nearly twice as broad as the Jiead, while the abdo- men is only a little broader than the head, equal, and somewhat longer than the rest of the body. The legs, excepting the fragment of a hind femur, are not preserved.
The wings, and especially the front pair, which is considerably longer than the hind pair, are longer than the thorax and abdomen together and more than three times as long as broad. One front wing is almost entirely preserved and separate from the others, so as to be easily studied; the other front wing, of which only a fragment can be seen, overlies the over- Inpping and reversed hind wings; they do not so closely overlap as to I'onfuso the neuration greatly, and hence nearly the whole can be deter-
-•?,
NEUKOPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA.
169
mined, or as far as it is preserved. The front wing is long and rather slender, slightly enlarging apically, so as to be broadest at the inner half of the pterostigma, the apex well rounded, the costal margin straight, at base broken so that one may net say whether the wings were here expanded or not. The veins of the front wing are black, of the hind wings blackish brown. The pterostigma of the front wings is of moderate size, very dark fuliginous, its proximal margin transverse, its distal very oblique ; except- ing its tapering apical portion, it is nearly equal in breadth or slightly enlarg- ing in the middle and about twice as long as broad ; the figure is here not quite correct. The subcostal vein is straight and strikes the costa at a little more than the pterostigma's distance before the latter; the space between it and the costa is broken by oblique cross- veins, of which only one remains near the middle of the wing. The radius runs close to the subcostal vein, and is connected with it by a single transverse vein at the middle of the wing. Beyond the basal cell, which is bisected obliquely by the last sector, there are, just below the radius, three moderately long pen- tagonal cells, the second reaching nearly to the middle of the pterostigma. Omitting the marginal cells, there are six radiating series of cells between the pterostigma and the anal vein ; the cubital cells are large and broad, being not more than twice as broad as long, while all the other large cells of the wing are exceedingly long and slender, often several times longer than broad, scarcely, if at all, broader in the middle than at the ends, the transverse veins being comparatively few; the terminal veinlets of the apical half of the lower border are simply and widely forked.
In the hill ' wings, the lower half only of which is preserved, all the terminal veinlets appear to be forked, and excepting at the upper part of til' apex, the sectors, which are broadly sinuous, appear to be very rarely CO. lected by transverse veinlets even near the border; at least almost none can 0 detected.
L,ength of Imdy, ll.S"""; of Lead, 1.8""'; breadth of .same, 1"""; length of prothorax, l.G""": breadth of same, 0.35'""'; breadth of thorax, 1.7"""; length of abdomen, 5.75°"" ; lireadth of same, 0.85"""' ; length of fore wing, 9"""'; its breadth, 2.7"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 956 and 4330 (<?).
160
TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NOllTll AMliUKJA.
4. Inocellia kventa.
One specimen of this species is preserved in whicli all four wings closely overlapping one another are attached to a partly preserved body sufficiently preserved to judge by the extremity of the abdomen that it was pi'obably a male, and by its long slender and equal prothorax that it did not differ in this respect from I. tumulata. Tlie base of the wings is too obscure for determination, but the course of the veins renders it probable that the central sector, of the hind wings at least, arises in the angle of the basal cell formed by the junction of the radius and its 1)asal branch ; and in the table it has accordingly been placed in that division of the genus. The general features of the neuration show at all events that it is more closely allied to I. tumulata than to any of the others.
In another specimen the wings are of equal length, the front pair very long and slender, being nearly four times as long as broad, the greatest breadth in the middle of the apical hajf, although the greater part of the apical half is subequal, the apex well rounded, but slightly produced, the costal margin straight beyond the (obscure ^ l)ase. The veins of both wings are black. The pterostigma, apparently alike in both wings, is blackish fuliginous, of moderate size, its proximal margin transverse, its distal very oblique, forming a nearly continuous curve with its slightly convex lower mai'gin, the whole a little more than twice as long as broad. The subcostal vein is gently curved and strikes the costa at the pterostigma's distance before the latter; the space between it and the costa is pretty broad and filled by nu- merous straight oblique veins. Below the radius the coll, whose distal extrem- ity lies just beneath the termination of the costo-subcostal interspace, is excep- tionall}^ long, being nearly double the length of the cell beyond it, and the cells which lie beneath its distal extremity are bordered externally by a com- mon line which lies beneath the proximal end of the pterostigma ; the lower of these two cells being tlie longer, there is formed an oblique series of large conspicuous areoles like those of modern species but more distant from the apex of the wing. The hind wing differs from the front wing principally in Ibrm, the a])ical lialf being less equal, and in the shortness of the loi.g sub- radial ceP of the front wings, which is no longer tlian the next outside of it; the series of cross-veins originating above at the middle of the pterostigma is more broken, but falls wholly without the {>roximal eml of the ptero- stigma, so that the three areoles form a vertical instead of an oblicpie series;
NEUUOPTKKA— PLANIPENNIA— HKMKROBINA.
161
the cubital cells can not be determined in the front wing, but are apparently, as here, pretty large and broad and rarely if" ever twice as long as broad, while nearly all the other large cells (especially in the front wings) are very long and slender as in I. tumulata, tiie transverse veins being few. The mai'ginal veinlets of both wings are simply and widely forked o;i the lower, and sometimes on the apical, border.
Length of wings, 10.5'""'; breadth, 2.7"""'.
This species is evidently more nearly allied to I. tumulata than to any of the otiiers, and differs from it, not only in the points brought out in the description, but also in the closer venation of the margin of the wing.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 8319, 9391.
Family HEMEROBINA Hagen.
The two subfamilies Hemerobidae and Clirysopidae which form this group are oppositely represented in the Tertiaries of the Old and New Worlds. The former are well represented in Europe and poorly represented in this country ; tlie latter are well furnished with species in this country and are unrepresented in Europe. The figures stand as foUows: Hemero- bidse, four genera, six species, Europe, vs two genera, two species, America; Chrysopidaj, none, Europe, vs. two genera, four species, America. Comjjare this with their present distribution as indicated by Hagen in his Synopsis synonymica (18G(j) : Hemerobidtu, ten genera, forty s))ecies, Europe, vs. eight genera, thirty-one species, America ; Oin-ysopida;, two genera, forty- one species, Europe, vs. one genus, thirty-one species, America. Here the relation between America and Europe is almost precisely tlie same in the two countries, a relation whicli finds no sort of explanation in the distribu- tion of the two groups in the Tertiaries. (September, 1S83.)
SublJimily HEMEHOBID.(E Stephens.
Considering the abundance of American Tertiary Neuroptera and the considerable number of Ilemerobidai (four genera, six or more species) found in tlie Tertiary beds of Europe — mostly in amber — it is somewhat surprising to find only a couple of species in our American Tertiaries. One of these, Osmylus, from Florissant, is also represented in amber and the two species agree together in certain features which distinguish them from vol, xiii 11
i'
m
162
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEKICA.
modern forms Tlie other, an extinct genus, Bothromicromus, from British Columbia, is very different from any the European Tertiai'ies possess.
OSMYLUS Latreille.
The species we have placed here agrees somewliat closely with -the species from amber, Osin. pictus, refen'ed by HagQn to this genus, but differs from it in its lack of any diverse coloring in the wings, as well as in some minor points of the neuration, as in the distance of the outer series of gra- date veinlets from the outer border of the wing, their regular connection with one of the basal branches of the radius, the regularity of the inner series of gradate veinletf, as well as the structure of the cubital region. The two Tertiary species, however, agree together, and disagree with living types in the simple character of the costal nervules, the much smaller num- ber of sectors, and the character of the basal half of the wing, where the sectorial interspaces are regular and broken by few and irregularly scattered cross-veins, instead of being so nui 3rously supplied as to break up the field into an almost uniform and miinite reticulation. The two fossil species would therefore appear to form a section apai-t. (September, 1883.)
OSMYLUS REQUIETUS. PI. 14, Figs. 3, 8.
Three specimens, two of them with their counterparts, have been found, in which the wings are particularly well preserved, and in which something also can be made out of the body and the antennje. The body is of the usual form, the slender antennic just about the length of the body, composed of multitudinous cylindrical, smooth joints, a little longer than broad and perfectly equal.
The wings are very large, the extremity of the abdomen reaching only as far as their middle when closed, and nearly three times as long as broad, ' broadest a little beyond the middle. They have the shape of those of Chrysopa, the costal margin being suddenly curved downward just before the tip to meet the upturned curve of the inner margin, which is bent be- yond the middle of the wing and meets the costal margin below the middle of the tip of the wing, the latter barely angulated; besides, however, the costal margin is a little expanded near the base ; the costal area, broad at the base and made a little more so by the slight deflection of the subcostal
•
f
NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— HEMEROBINA.
163
^!»
i
k
vein near the base and opposite the expansion of the costal margin, narrows very gradually towards the apex, and by the deflection of the subcostal vein next the tip is carried to the very angulation at the apex, filled throughout with very numerous, oblique, straight, and simple cross-veins. The radius runs in exceedingly close proximity to the subcosta until the margin begins to curve decidedly downward, when it unites with it. I have not been able to detect certainly any basal or other cross-vein between the two, though there are in some specimens ^ight indications of what may be one near the origin of the main sector ; they certainly do not occur elsewhere. The main sector originates from the radius near the base of the wing, runs near to and parallel with it to the apex, and is connected with it by many (eight or nine) cross-veins ; from it arise eight or nine parallel, oblique, and nearly straight sectors, making in all about a dozen series of equal oblique interspaces in the wing, broken in the apical half of the wing by a couple of series of gradate veinlets, the outer not very fsir removed from the posterior margin and subparallel to it, finally merging in one of the basal branches of the radius, and from which spring the marginal veinlets which are usually deli- cately forked at the very border ; the inner row is parallel to the outer and about as far from it as it is from tiie margin. Within this the interspaces are broken by a dozen or more irregularly scattered rather distant cross- veins, much as in Osra. pictus of the Prussian amber, but very dilferent in- deed from the living types of the genus, as already stated under the genus. The margins of the wings are sparsely furnished with delicate hairs, and similar hairs may be seen on some of the veins, especially near the margins, but at great distances, or farther apart than the length of the hairs. The hind wing does not differ essentially from tiie front wing, excepting in the width of the costal area.
Length of body, 9.75"""; of antennae, 10"""; of front wing, 1 5.3.5 """; breadth of same, 5.35""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 8839, 13012 and 13537, 13538 and 14168.
BOTHROMICROMUS Scudder.
liolhromicromus Scudd., Rep. Geol. Surv. Can., 1876-'77, iCfi (1873).
This genus agrees with Micromus in lacking the recurrent vein above the costal vein next the base of the front wing, and differs from it in the very wide expansion of the costal area at this point and in the possession of
164
TKUTIAHY INSI'^CTS OV NORTH AMEUIOA.
^!
. i,- ./ ,
• 'I
I r
,a;V
it-
numerous sectors. In these respects it agrees with Dropaiiepteryx, but the wing is not falcate, and notwithstanding the wide expanse of the costal area the recurrent nervnle is wiinting, all the velnlets of this area arising next the base, as elsewhere, from the snbcosta. The wing is shaped much as in Megalomus, to which, indeed, it is closely allied, being broad at the base, very gradually increasing in width apically, the extremity rounded, with no abrupt emargination or falcation, but with the inner angle strongly ex- cised. At the base the costal area is nearl}' as broad as the renuiinder of the wing; the costal veinlets are all furcate and apparently connected, much as in Drepanepterj'x, by a single line of inosculating veinlets, dividing the area in two nearly equal longitudinal halves. The costa and subcosta run side by side in the closest proximity, but afe ap|)arently separated to the apex. Sectors extremely numerous, with a single complete series of gradate vein- lets in the middle of the wing, and another, apparently crossing only the lower half of the wing, more than half-way between this and the outer margin ; veins and margins very shortly ciliated.
The genus also seems peculiar in the structure of the maxillary palpi, the basal joint f)f which is half as broad again as long ; the second and third joints subequal, moniliform ; the fourth apparently only half ••s broad as the previous, but of equal length, and the terminal again sleuvlerer, but twice as long, being conical, j)ointed, and unarmed, while the others are furnished on the apical half with scattered set*. Antennae submoniliform, the joints near the ba.se of equal length and breadth, the basal joint double the width of the others ; no hairs can be seen upon the antennal joints.
k
BOTHEOMICROMUS LACHLANI.
PI. 2, Figs. 7-10.
Bothromicromm lachlani Scuild., R«p. Geol. Surv. Can., 187C-'77, 402-463 (1878).
One front wing and a part of the head with its appendages are pre- served on No. 36, with a pale, brov. .lish tint to the wing, while the reverse, on No. 37, is wholly ccdorlo.ss. The only parts of the head preserved are one eyo and a portion of the other, indicated by a broad, black, annular ring; also a few of the basal joints of the antenna', and both maxillary palpi, crossing each other and detached from the head. The wing is strongly expanded at the extreme costal base ; beyond this the costal border is straight, with a scarcely percoj)th 1e emargination nearly to the tip. The
NKUIiOPTKKA-l'LANlPKNNIA— IlKMKUOHINA.
165
'
'P
inner marjrin is almost equally straight, but faintly convex. The extreme tip of the wing falls in the middle of the upper half; below it the wing is strongly excised, but well rounded at the tip and lower outer angle. The shai)e of the wing, therefore, resenibles closely that of Micromus hirtus of Europe. The cubitals ai-e, if anything, more numerous than the veinlets of the costal area, and beyond tlie origin of the anterior cubital vein ten ori<n- nate from the subcosta itself in the basal half of the wing. The first and second of these fork and subdivide several times before reaching the mar- gin, or even long before reaching the first series of gradate veinlets, while the third to the ninth are simple, either quite or almost as far as the very margin. Tlie tenth again forks close to its origin, and the outer sectors originate from its upper branch, which is connected with the costa by infre- quent cross-nervules. The wing is of a pale woodbrown color, the veins margined with a line of dull, pale yellow, and the darker brown of the inter- spaces broken frequently by a slightly paler tint, so as to give the wing a minutely blotched appearance, oidy visible under the lens. The two series of gradate veinlets are again accompanied by a slightly darker tint, giving the wing the appearance of being crossed by two oblique, dusky lines. All the margins are minutely and sparingly ciliated, and similar black, rather distant hairs are scattered indiscriminately over the wing, both upon the membrane and veins, but showing a certain tendency to follow the course of the latter. At the extreme lower base of the wing they are seen to have their origin from minute papillae, less than one hundredth of a millimeter in diameter, and averaging a twentieth of a millimeter apart
Length of wing, 9.5""" ; greatest breadth, 4.25""" ; breadtli at base, 3"""; diameter of eye, 0.45""' ; length of joints of antennu; near base, COO"-™ ; of middle joints of maxillary palpi, 0.075"'"'; length of maxillary palpi, 0.4"".
Named for R. McLachlan, Esq , the distinguished English neuropter- ologist.
Quesnel, British Columbia. Collected by Dr. Gr. M. Dawson, Nos. 36 and 37 of the collection.
Subfamily CHRYSOPID^E Brauer. Although species referred to Chrysopa are mentioned by Andrii from the rocks of Thalheim, and by Berendt in amber, the figure gi^en by the former and the study by Hagen of the material in the hands of the latter
immmh
166
TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NOKTU AMEUIOA.
m
render it more than probuble tliiit no ChrysopitUv; are yet known from the Kui<)j)ean Tertiaries. It is therefore all the more interesting that we find at Florissant four species of this {froup referable to two genera hitherto un- known. (October, 1883.)
The genera may be separated by the following table :
Table of the gentra of Chryiopidif.
Upper oiibitiil vein of front wing ilirect, bordered by ooiii])arativuly uniform cells 1. Palaockryta.
lIppiTcnliitrtl vein of front wing doubly bent in the middle, bordered by very unequal cells.
i2. THboehry$a.
1. PAL/EOCHKYSA gen. nov. (TraAau'?, XP"<^<^^)-
The only materials for establishing this genus are the wings, the structure of which does not accord with any known living or extinct type. The 8ha])e of the wings is much as in Chrysopa, and they are apically rounded ; the costal area of the front wings, narrow at b«se, rapidly ex- pands and then diminishes, being broadest within the basal f "vth of the wing. IJy the apical union of the costal and subcostal vei. . the area terminates some distance before the apex of the wings, as in Ilypochrysa. The cubital area is unusually broad, the anterior cubital vein running through the very middle of the wing, and the posterior cubital rather nearer the margin than to the anterior cubital, both continuing to the apex of the wing ; in consequence of this and of the presence of only a single sector of the radius there are no transverse series of gradate veinlets whatever, but the secondary sectors are to be looked on as cross- veinlets uniting the prin- cipal longitudinal veins ; one of the basal cubital cellules of the anterior wings is divided nearly equally, as in Nothochrysa.
It is difficult, i)erhaps, to say to which one of the modern genera it is most nearly allied, but it appears to resemble Hypochrysa as closely as any, though it agrees nuich more with the fossil genus Tribochrysa described beyond, where the distinctions between the two are pointed out.
Pal.i;ochkysa stricta.
PI. 14, Figs. 13, 14.
Little besides the wings can be made out in the single specimen with its counterpart which represents this species. The front wings are a little more than two and a half times lunger than broad ; the costal margin, ex- panded a little near the base, is beyond that straight until it slopes down-
'
NEUKOPTKBA— PLANU'ENNIA— UEMKUOIUNA.
1G7
,.
ward to form the well-rounded tip; the lower mar<,'iii is roundod and full, especially away froui the base, making the wing broadest beyond the middle. The hind wings are slenderer or about three and a half times longer than broad, broadest in the middle, the lower margin being uni- formly roundud, while the costal margin, not expanded at the base, is straight throughout to the apical fourth, where the wing tapers considerably on both sides, being subacuminate, though the extreme apex is well rounded. The neuration, at least below the radius, is essentially the same in both wings, but next the costal margin differs considerably. In the front wings the subcostal vein terminates on the costa a little beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, and is connected with the distant arching costa by seventeen or eighteen cross-veins, the proximal ones of which are trans- verse, the distal somewhat oblique ; the radius runs close and parallel to the subcosta throughout the course of the latter, and thereafter at a similar distance from and parallel to the curve of the margin, as far as the very apex of the wing, connected nowhere to the veins above by cross-veins. In the hind wings the radius and subcosta are s(» closely united as to be nearly connected, and are so represented on the plate, and terminate together, ap- parently a little beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing; as in the front wings, the subcosta is connected by cross-veins to the proximate, straight costa. There is a single sector which springs from the radius a little before the middle of the basal half of the wing in the front wings (nearer the base in the hind wings) and runs nndway between the radius and the upper cubital in a regular zigzag ; the cells, tliirteen or fourteen in number, formed by the cross-veins between the sector and the radius, as well as all those below, are broader than long and tolerably regular. The upper cubital vein courses regularly through the middle of the wing, find in its basal half, at least in the front wing, is nearly straight, while apically it is noticeably zigzag, terminating in the sector of the radius just before the tip of the wing. The lower cubital vein runs in a uniform course rather nearer the margin than the upper cubital vein, subparallel to the former, and is irregularly straight or zigzag, and also joins the sector of the radius or terminates against an apical cell at the tip of the wing ; between the two cubital veins one of the basal cells is divided longitudinally into two nearly equal cells, as in the genus Nothochrysa (but which is not represented on the plate as it should be), where the oblique vein appears on the upper wing ;
1B8
TKItTIAlJY INSKCTH OF NORTH AMKIUCA.
■.! I
it.
tlm inar^iiial iicrviilcH an* soinotimos siiuplo and strnifjlit, somotimt's broadly forkod, and dilVor on opposito winjfs. Tlio voin bolovv tlio lower cnliital, called postcostal hy M<'Ija('li!an, terniinatos abruptly «»n tlio liindur margin, opposite till) ori<ifin of tlio sector of tlio radius,
Lunf,'tli of tbro \vin<,'s, 15.7")""": l)r«'adth, .">.4"'"'; Iun;,'tli ot" bind win<jf«, IS""'; breadth, 4.2"'"'.
The four winjjfs of this spociiuen are so overlaid by one another as to make a n.edley n( veins wliich are very ditlicult to dis('ntau<;le and inter- pret. It was kindly pIioto;,rraphed for nm l)y Mr. Sanniel \Vells, of IJoston; the lines of each wiMj,^ on tin; photoi^raph were then traced separately, and from those tracinj^s the drawinj^s on the plate wore nmde; these I believe to be true representations of the winj^s with the exception of the double cubital cell of both wings and the cross-veins of the costal area of the hind wing, which are not sliown ; the lowc" half of each wing, however, is more liable to misinterpretation than the upper.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 17!(8 and IMu.
2. TRIBOCHRYSA gen. nov. (rp//?a5, xpvad?).
This genus, clearly allied to Paheochrysa, and with it apparently a forerumier of liypochrysa, is re])resented by several species in the Amer- ican Tertiaries, which are nncommoidy well i)reserved, though the wings ai'e the only jjart.s which are present on all the 8i)ecimens ; and it is there- fore mainly u])on tiiese that the genus is founded Tlie head is nearly twice as l)road as long, the front jn-otuberant, rounded, and entire, the basal joint of the antenmu .stout, bulbous, .scarcely longer than broad, twice the diameter of the stalk, the latter nearly as long as or even longer than the body, .slender, delicately tapering, composed of simple, cylindrical, ap))ar- ently naked joints twice as long as broad. The thorax is stout, the jjrotho- rax broader than long, tapering anteriorly, otherwise subcjuadrate. The legs are slender. The wings extend far beyond the body, and are of the same form as in Chrysopa, the tip rounded or faintly subacuminate; in neuration they resemble closely tho.se of Paheochrysa, but differ from it in one striking feature, and in this approach more modern types like Notho- chrysa. In Paheochrysa the upper cubital vein runs in a slightly zigzag course through the middle of the wing in a regular, gentle curve nearly etiuidistant from the costal and inner margin, and terminjites at the apex of the wings, no transverse series of gradate veinlets lying between it and the
NEUI{()PTi:i{A— PLANH'KNNIA— irKMKItOhlNA.
160
t
primary Hector. In NTotlioclirysa it niiis itj n poi-fuctly Htnii^fht coiiMe a little below the iniddio of the wiii},', but hi<,'li»*i- tluin in (Jlirysopii, directed towiird but not distinctly reucliin«,' the middle of ti»e outer half of tiie lower inarj,Mn (if the win;;-, and supporting the lower proximal end of one trans- verso series of jrradate veinlets between it and the primi.ry sector. In Tri- l)ochrysa it runs in a decidedly zif,'zag cour.se, in tlie same j,'eneral direction as in Notiiochrysa in its pro.\imal half, and tlien shifts smhlenly to aliiyher level and follows thereafter a zi{,'zaj,' direction nearly parallel to the costa, through the very middle of the wing, joining, that is, the transverse series of gradate veiidets and making them a part of it.self. Tribochrysa further diHPersfroin Notiiochrysa and agrees with Pahcochrysa in the slender number "f .secondary sectors or obliipio cro.ss-veins, so that the colls are larger and less elongated than in Notiiochrysa and Uhrysopa, standing thus at a wider distance from llemerobius. The result of this movement of the first cubital vein is usually a striking ine(iuality of the colls on either side of it, in con- trast to their uniformity in Paheochrysa. There is here, therefore, as in Pala30(du-ysa, no transverse series of gradate veinlets in the proper sense, as both series are directly united with the two cubital vein.s. A somewhat similar arrangement may be seen in Notiiochrysa fulvicep.s, although that species differs from these more widely than most of its allies in the multi- plicity of its sficondary sectors. The same double cubitiil cell occurs below the second subradial cell as is found in Notiiochrysa and I'aheochrysa
The species placed here seem to fall into two groups, one of the species differing from the others in being of a considerably liirger size, having its first cubital vein originate directly from the radius, the proximal cells which lie above it less elongated than in the other species, and the upper (double) cubital cell quadrangular.
Table of the species of Tribnohryiia-
Largo species. FirHt cubital vein arJHiiig .llrectly from the radius; first transverso vein ooiinectlng radius and first cubital vein lying in direct coutinnatiou of the cross- vein closing the proximal end of the double eubital cell, making the nppcr, as well as the lower, cell qnadrangnlar.
1. T. vetmcula.
Smaller species. First cubiful vein urisiug from a basal cross-vein uniting the radius and second
cnbital vein ; first transverse vein connecting radius and first cnbitiil vein striking the upper
margin of the double cnbital cell, making the upper cell pentagonal, while the lower remains
quadrangular.
Elongated proximal cells between the main sector of the radius and the first cubital vein, four in
number, followed by half a dozen cells of subequal diameters <i. T. iiieqitalis.
Elongated proxiraals cells, as above, three in number, followed by five oelU uf subequal d:ametBrs.
3. T.firmata.
T
170
TEilTlARV INSECTS OF ^'OKTll AMERICA.
Si 1
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lir
1. 'J'RlBOeilRYSA VETUSCULA. PI. 14, Fig. 1).
The stone on which the single specimen referred here occurs has unfortunately been broken across the wings, and the apical half is lost; otherwise the specimen would be nearly perfect, the head, thorax, eyes, a.id antennae being well preserved. The antennjv are unusually short, being a little shorter than the body and more ta})ering than usual in this family. The head is well rounded, the eyes neither very large nor promi- nent, the prothorax ta})ering a little anteriorly, the sides a little arcuate, the front slightly concave.
Only the basal half of the wings being preserved, little can be said of them, but the costal margin and area are nuich as in T. firmata, and the neuration is so peculiar as to separate the species readily from the others ; there are about a dozen transverse veins in the costal area ; the transverse veins uniting the radius and its sector are rather more numerous than in the other Sj/ecies of the genus ; the cross-vein uniting at base the sector and the tirst cubital vein strikes the latter so as to form a continuation of the vein closing basally the double cubital cell ; the upjjer of these two cells is scarcely smaller than tlie lower; the upper cubital vein arises directlv from the radius without the support of a basal cross- vein ; and the proximal cells between the sector of the radius and the upper cubital vein are, excepting the first (which is of irregular shape), not so disproportion- ately large as in the other species, being less than half as bi-oad again as long, about as long as the subradial cells, and only a little oblique, differ- ing in all these respects from both the other species,
Length of body (estimated), 12"""; of head and thorax, 4.5"""'; antenuie, 11"""; length of wings as preserved, 9.5"""; probable full length, 14""" • presumed breadth, 4.5"'"'.
I lorissant. One specimen, No. 11204.
t
2. TKIBOOHKYisA INEQUALI8. Tribochryta ineqiialla 8ci,d(l., Zittel, Haudb. d. Palujont., 1, ii, 777, Kig. 9Si (1S85).
The single specimen referred here has all the wings superimposed on one another, but in addition a portion of the sleniler antenniB and the large globular eyes can be seen, with faint traces of the he;id, thorax, and abdomen.
NEUUOPTEKA— PLAXIFEXNIA— HEMEROBINA.
171
Almost the entire neiiration of the upper wing can be made out as well as the lower half of that of the under wing ; tlie front wing is three times as long aa broad, the costal margin un fornih' arched, the basal expansion forming only a regular part of the curve ; the lower margin is similarly curved but not very full, the wing being broadest nearly as far out as the middle of the outer half; the costal area is not very broad nor unequal; the subcostal vein terminates at the end of the middle third of the wing, and is coimected with the costa by twelve or thirteen cross-veins, mostly sliglitly oblique. There are ten subradial cells. The upper cubital vein, which springs from a short cross-vein uniting the radius and lower cubital vein, in the middle of its course and somewhat beyond the middle of the wing shifts suddenly to a higher level and follows tiiereafter a direction nearly parallel to the costal, instead of, as before, the inner margin; in the first half of its course it runs below the middle of the wing, in the latter half above it; consequently tlie four cells which lie between its proximal half and the sub- costa are very much eloagated snbrhombt)idal in form, the tirst subtriangular, while beyond the shift they are somewhat regularly hexagonal; on the otiier hand the cubital cells, scarcely longer tluui broad at first, become in the outer part of the wing twice as broad as long and also very t)bli([U('. Ti>e basal cubital cell is divided longitudinally inlvs t'vo unequal parallel cells, the up})er the njirrower ; the cross-veins next tlie lower margin are simple in the basal half of the wiiig, sinqdy or doubly forked on the distal half. The postcostal terminates abruptly on the hind margin, sliglitly far- ther out than the origin of the sector of the radius, and is connected near the apex by a cross- vein which is the continuation of that closing basally tiio double cubital cell. The neuration of the hind wing, only the lower half of which is preserved, does not differ trom that of the front wing in the slightest esserttial parti<nilar.
This species differs from T. firmata, to which it is closely allied, by its larger size, the greater mnnber of cells below the sector (as indicated in the table of the species), and its broader costal area.
Length of body, U"""; of front wing, 14.75""" ; breadth of same, 4.8""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 71)82.
. i ;]
\' i
\\
'f.
172
TEKTIAUY INSECTS OF NOBTII AMEKIOA.
3. Tribochrysa firmata.
PI. 14, Figs. 6, 7, 10, 11.
Two sjjeciinens are ut luind, each in a pretty gootl state of preservation, showing heud and antenna', the body and wings, the hitter generally some- what contused by overlapping or folding. Theluad is rather small as com- pared with the thorax, and well rounded, with moderately prominent eyes, and anteniijc a fourth longer than the body ; the prothorax is also rather slender, tapering considerably, and about as long as its posterior breadth. The thorax is stout and the abdomen half as long again as the head and thorax. The wings are about tln-ee times as long as broad, broadest in the middle of the distal half, the costal margin pretty straight in the middle, rather rapidl}' slo])ing basally, and very rapidly curving almost bending downwai'd apicall}', the apical margin rounded, subacuminate, the apex rather below the middle ; the mner margin is regularly and gently curved. The subcostal vein joins the costal (not shown on plate) a little beyond th ' middle of the distal half of the wii.g, and the costal area thus formed is occu- ])ied by about a dozen or more straight cross-veins ; there are onl\' eight or nine subradial cells, and tlm cells in the series below this, while agreeing in general character with those of T. inequalis, are less numerous ♦^lian there, there being only three elongated cells directly beneath the .-jector of the radius and only five equiaxial cells in the same series beyond them.
The two specimens show very little difference excepting in size, though on that account they were at first presumed to be distinct.
Length of body, 8.r)-7.75'.'"" ; of antenna.', 9..'i-10.5'"'" (in the larger specimen no doubt imperfect); breadth of head, 1-0.8;")'"'" ; of thorax, 1.6- l.,"")"""; length of fore wing, 11.2o-9.7o"""; breadth of same, ;5.85-3.2.''y'' ^
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 670, 8792.
Family PANORPID^C Stephens.
If the Liassic genus Orthophlebia is to be referred to this family, this group ) Ms't have been as abundant in Mesozoic times as now. Only a few Ter'i'- ^ecies are, however, known, and those hitherto described have ,,,, j . :». " wings like their ancestors of the secondary epoch. Three species of bi..:. .as and one of Panorpa have been described from the European
I
.
NEUKOrTEUA— PLANll'KNNlA— rANOltPlD.K.
173
beds, all but one (a Bittaciis) from amber, tliis Bittacus, tlie only relic from Tertiary rocks in Europe, coming from Radoboj.
The additions we have here to offer are of some interest. Two species have been found, both of which have heavily spotted wings, more heavily sjiotted than most living types; one of these, a small species, is referred to Panorpa, though doubtfully, as it differs so much from known types; the other unquestionably belongs to a distinct genus having no special alliances with any known forms. Both come from Florissant. The markings of one form dark, transverse bands on clear ground, of the other large, roundish, pale blotches on a dusky ground. (October, 1883.J
The Florissant genera may be thus distinguished :
Table of the genera of Paiiorpida:
Raniiiles of upper branch uf radins inTerior ; markings conHisting of large pale spots on a dnrk groiiixl 1. Holcorpa.
Raninles of npper branch of radius superior or apical ; markings consisting of diirk transverse bands on a clear ground 2. Panorpa.
1. HOLCORPA Scudder.
Holcorpa Sendd., Bull. U S. Geol. Gcogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, .'•.40-.542 (1878).
This name' is proposed for a genus of Panorpida>, unquestionably allied to Panorpa, but differing remarkably from it in the total absence of cross-nervules in the wings, excepting, perhaps, at the base. The antenna? are probably not very long (they are not completely preserved in the single specimen studied), taper verj- gradually in size, are composed of joints only a little longer than broad, not in the le.ist degree moniliforu), and furnished with recumbent hairs. The wings are not so elongated nor so slender as in Panorpa, verj regularly rounded, both pairs similarly formed, the hinder pair shorter than the front pair, as in Panorpa. The costa is thickened, the subcosta extends beyond the middle of the wing, l)ut does not reacli the pterostigma; the radius emits a superior fork near the base of the wing, which strikes the pterostigma, or, rather, which, by l)eiuling downward and then upward, forms th<i pterostigma in the middle of the apical third of the wing; the radius again forks in a similar maimer still far before the middle of the wing, the upper branch emitting three parallel, equidistant, inferior branchlets, the uppermost close to the margin next the pterostigma, the lowest striking the apex of the wing ; the lower radial branch forks
' Tho name I have given should perhaps be vritten Ilolchorpa; but I have disregarded the aspi- rate, aa LinotS did In cojistrucling Panorpa.
n>l
174
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOliTlI AMERICA.
ii!
5
m
below the midillo branchlet of the upper riidial braucli. All these veins, exceptijig tiie pterostigma*.ic termination of the uppermost branch of the radial, are struight. The cubitus is also straight until it forks a little before the middle of the wing ; its upper branch is a little curved, and divides just below the forking of the lowest radial branch ; its lower branch forks almost iyunediiitely, emitting at once three veinlets, the middle one of which is nearly continuous with the main stem, the others curving in opposite senses on eiliior side of it. Below this the veins are not so readily determinable, and their description is omitted until further specimens are obtained ; the only \ ariation in the neuration of the two wings consists in the middle fork of the lower branch of the cubitus, which, in the hind wing, is not con- tinuous with tlie main stem, but originates a very little beyond the others from the lower fork. The legs are spinous throughout; the tibije are also armed at the tip with very long, stniight, pai-allel spurs, and the tarsal joints with short spurs. The abdomen is greatly elongated, the first four joints subequal and nearly as broad as the slender thorax, but as a whole tapering slightly, and not greatly surpassed by the wings, the following joints greatly attenuated, the ninth, or terminal joint, composing the for- ceps, unfortunately lost.
A fossil species referred to Panorpa, and figured by Brodie' from the Purbeck beds of England (Pauorpa gracilis Gieb.), is very small, and pos- sibly Tiay be more nearly related to Holcorpa than to Pauorpa, for while the general arrangement of the veins, with the notable exception of the cubital, is siaiilar to wliat is found in Holcorpa and very different from their disposition in Pnnorpa, no cross- veins whatever can be traced. The figure, however, is too small, coarsely executed, and is described by Gie- beP as supplied abuiulantly with cross-veins ! It certainly is not in my copy of Brodie's work.
HoLnORPA MACUL0.SA.
PI. 14, Figs. 4, 6.
Holoorpa naculosa Scudd., Bull. IT. S. Geol. Siirv. Terr,, IV, 542 (1878) ; in Zittel, Haiidb. d. PaliBont.,
I, ii, 7?8, Fig. 9Hi()8ti5).
A single specimen with beautifully preserved wings and fragments of the re.st of the body. The antennaj (which are not fully preserved) Jip])ear to have been more tiian lialf as long as the wings, the middle joints 0.17'""'
Fo8». Ins. Sec. IiOckH Engl., pi. 5, ilg. IS.
»Iu». der Vorw.,2r)8.
5«r
NEUKOPTERA— PLANIPJJNNIA— PANOlilMDyE.
175
.1
long and 0.14""" broarl. The wings nre less than three tiraes as long as broad, and very rogiilarly rounded ; the costal vein (especially on the front wing) is thickened and covered with cKisely clustered, minute, spinous hairs, and similar black hairs follow in a single row the base of the radial and cubital veins. The wings are very dark, with invge wliite or pale spots, of which three are most conspicuous, occurring simihn-ly on all the wing* One, of a subquadrate or subovate form, broader than long, lies scarcely beyond the middle of the wing, e.xtending from the costa to the upper branch of the cubital vein ; another, nearly as large and siinihir in form, is subapi- cal, extending from just l)eyond the last fork of the upper braiu-h of the radial vein to or just beyond the upper fork of the lowest branch of the same; a third, smaller, transversely oval spot, lies next the inner border, below and a little outside the first mentioned, being situated just beneath the ibrking of the upper branch of the cubital vein ; there is also more or less pale cloudiness about the basal half of tiie wing, and white flecks may be seen at various points near the tip, especially below the subapical spot. Tlie,abdomen resembles somewhat that of the remarkable Panorpa nemato- gaster M'Lachl. from Java, where it is greatly elongated, and possesses a curious appendage to the third joint. In the fossil species, the first three joints, taken together, taper gradually and slightly, and the third may have had a peculiar appendage at its tip, ;i ^ the edge is not entire, but appears deeply excavated in the middle, possibly due, however, to its imperfect preservation ; the basal half of the fourth joint ])artakes of the tapering of the abdomen, but its apical half is swollen and its hind margin broadly rounded; the fifth and sixth joints are a little longer and much slenderer than the preceding, subecpial and cylindrical ; the fifth depressed on either side at the base by a pair of fovea? ; the seventh again nuich smaller, linear or not half tho width of the sixth, increasing slightly in size apically ; the eighth as large at base as the seventh at tip, enlarging slightly apically, and all the joints together half as long again as the wings. Most unfortunately, the apical joint is lost. The specimen is evidently a male.
Length of insect (exchidin>j claw of abdomen), 30"' ■■ ; of abdomen (ex- eluding claw), 2a'""': of front wing, 18'"'"; breadth of .san'C, 5 .")"""; length of hind wing, 10.5"""; breadth of .same, 5"""; length of (fore or middle) tibial spurs; !■""'; of one of the (hind!) tarsal joints, 1.2"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 63.
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176
TERTIARY INSECJTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
2. PANORPA LiniK^.
A aiiiglo species of tliis jjcnus liiis been discovered in tlio Tertiuries of E»io|)e (aiiibei) and wo add aiiotlier fron> the Florissant beds. The former has tiie winys of a uniform ash-gray. Tiie wings of tlie hitter are heavily l^ai.ded, very nuich more heavily tJian in most modern typos. The living representatives of this genus beh»ng to the northern hemisphere, and in our own country range from Canada t() i\Ie.\ico, so that the presence of the genus at Florissant has no particular meaning.
Panoupa rigida.
The single specimen belonging liere shows the tapering, attenuated abdomen of a female with the larger part of most of the wings, of which onh' the front pair an^ preserved in any recognizable manner. Th jse show the neiuatioii tolerably well, and it agrees bf^tter with the living Panorpa than with tlie ('i)nt(!nn)oraneous Iloh^orpa; but the subcosta is unnsu.ally short, reaching j U.St to the mi(hlle of the wing, and the cross- veins are»few in number. The wing is trav*«'sed b\- rather narrow transverse belts of a dark color, on a eietir ground, piaired at f^iuidistant intervals, besides hav- ing the entii-e apex of the wing dark ; tin— li^dts are straight with straight edges; on«^ traverses the middle of the wing, t»ne lies out.^ide of it midway iiiiveen it and ti*' apical ]iaT':i. aiwi a tliiand xs 'ir fV' n it to« ird the base
of the wing; tht- clear aren l(«"w i thes^ tx^ltr- is twice as broad as the
belts thems^'lves Tlie oiist.;i is sT,;ir. "le legs are verj' long and very •leHtler, the tibi. m-r s[)arwly Sj^uied.
Lengtii of wAuj** (estimated), 11"""; brvjidth of same, 3.5"""; length of dUHiien (eNttnuMHJX ;.■""; (iiiud?) tili^, (probably) 5""".
Florissant. 4lBe gpeciuit-n, N*». ^13.
1
y TRICHOPTERA Kirby.
rf naaiMtii^' caddis-flies m the Tertiary rocks of Europe h wi* alfttle siirprisiwir. Only three s|>ecie8 have been figured and a fourth jc^Mitmed, all apparenrlr represented by single specimens (from Aix, Pwrwhlug, M*»nibach, and the Isle of Wijjh.t). Another species has been described from Greenland by Heer and fiom Chagrin Valley, Colorado, by H»ym.)lf. That they were abundant is proven by the description of numer-
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NBUROPTEBA— TEICeOPTERA.
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OU8 larval cases from different regions of Europe, but especially from Au- vergne in France; it is also proven by their abundance where we should at first little look for them, in the Prussian amber, where, according to Hagen, they are more numerous than any other group of insects, excepting Diptera, and comprise more than half the Neuroptera and Pseudoneuroptera combined. Twenty-five species have been described (by Hagen and Pic- tet) and several others mentioned (by them and by Kolenati) from amber, a large proportion belonging to the Hydropsychidse and especially to Polycentropus, of which eleven species are described.
Trichoptera are, however, by no means rare at Florissant, and, as stated above, a single species has been described from western Colorado. Indeed, the Neuroptera from the prolific lake bed of Florissant are made up in large part of ^IMchoptera, of which many hundred specimens have been obtained. The larger part of them, indeed, are indeterminable, but there are about one hundred specimens which show the neuration of the wings or other characteristic part with some distincitness ; and while all the remains of perfect insects from the Eui'opean rocks are referred to the single sub- family of Phryganidae, at Florissant Limnojjhilidae, Leptoceridaj, and espe- cially Hydropsychidse, are also represented. The spscies of this last men- tioned group are also murh more prolific in individuals, and the prepon'lHl'- ance in species wcild be even more marked were we able to include here all the species really found, since most of those which are too imperfect to be brought forward <videiitly belong to this group. All these groups, and indeed all the subfamilies of Trichoptera, are represented in the Prur.sian amber. Hydropsychidse are by far the most niiiiorous, as in ' rr own Tertiaries. Th«n follow in tht? order of abundance LeptoceridjB, Sericos- tomida;, Phryganidae, I&yacophilidse and Hydroptilida;, and Lininophilidae, the last having but one representative.
Wliile, as we have said, the bulk of the specimens of Neuroptera found a( Florissant belong to the caddis-flies, tae specific variety of such as will bear, description is not quite so great, a»* 40 per f^nt of all belong here; but in reljifion to any one other large group the number of species greatly i)reponderate.s, as the group next in nine in point of species is the Odonata, which has less than 20 per cent, it is not a little curious to compare this statement witli Pictet's cwjceming the amber (^addis-flies : "Of about one hundred and twenty Neuroptera examined by me sixty- TOL xiii 12
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178
TBKTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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five were Phryganirl.-e, and of fifty species described by me twenty-two [44 per cent] belong to this fiunily " Of these sixty-five, moreover, forty were referred to the Hydropsychidre. Hagen, with about seven times as niany specimens before him, comes to nearly the same conclusion, for he says that nearly GO per cent of the specimens of Neuroptera are caddis-flies, and thirty -nine of the eighty-seven species of Neuroptera given in his table, or 45 per cent, are referred to the Trichoptera.
In this enumeration no account has been taken of the occurrence of larval cases of caddis-flies in Tertiary deposits, to which reference was made above. Auvergne has been famous for these which form the so-called indusial limestone deposits, so abundant are they. They were described b} liosc as long ago as the year XIII (1805) and recently have been dis- tinguished by Oustalet under two distinct names. Ilepp also described Phryganea blumii from cases found at Leistadt and Ileer P. antitpui from Oeningen. A single one has even been found in amber, with its entombed larva, and Fritsch describes one from the Cretaceous of Bohemia. In this country Dr. Peale discovered similar remains, which I have described as Indusia calculosa. The two fragments of rocks brought home from the lo- cality in Wyoming formed doubtless the floor of a former body of water and are thickly crowded witli cases lying in every direction. It is very probable that at least those d<'.s(;ribed her" a;id by Hoh(! and Oustalet be- long ii) the Linniophilida'. That in the abundant fauna found in the lake bftsin of Florissant, including, as we see, a large nund)er of caddis-flies, nol a single larval case should have yet been found seems a little remarkable, and the more so since not a few belong to groups, the lai'va? of which are known to prefer standing to running water. It is hardly to be believed that the streams in the neighborhood of this ancient lake abounded in the larva' of caddis-flies, w]\\\(' tiic waters of the lake itself were de.stitute of theu). Il should be reniuinbered, however (I), that the species which con strurt cases of conspicuous size out of hard materials mostly belong to the Limn«>philida3, of which Florissant furnishes but one species ; (2), that the larva; of the prevailing grouj>, Hydropsycliida% lore commonly inhabit running water, and that their cases are made of grains of stone aflixed to larger stones; (3), that the bottom of the lake in which the insect deposits occur Tiovvhere has shown, as far as I have seen, any sign of stones large enoup-h to have served as a basis for the attachment of the smaller grains
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NEDROPTERA— TUICHOPTERA— HYDROPSYCHID^E.
179
I
which alone are found, and that therefore tlie hirvre of Hydropsychidfe must have frequented peiforce the neighboring streams, where such larger stone surfaces could have been found. If cases should be found tliey will be likely to be those of the larger Phryganida; (next most almndant after the Hydropsychidfie), composed of vegetable fragments. Three species and seven specimens only of this group have been found. (February, 1884.)
Subfamily HYnROPSYCHir).E Curtis.
Although no members of this group have been found in the stratified deposits of the Old World, about half of the numerous species described from the Baltic amber belong to it, including several genera. It is interest- ing, therefore, to find that about three-fourths of the Florissant caddis-flies described in this work belong here, and in the material too poorly preserved to bring before the public the greater part also belong here. Here, too, the species seem to be far the most abundant in. individuals. Among those de- scribed below are not a few very *<A)ftrrant forms, which I have been at a loss to determine, as certain of them seem on some accounts to be more nearly related to the Leptoceridw. At the present day the subfamily appears also to be the most numerous in .species in the northern hemisphere, and they are found all over the world. The larvai more conunonly frequent rnniiino- than standing water, make fixed cases, and are believed to be to a large extent carnivorous.
Table of the genera of nydrot)a!iehid(e.
(Only the extinct, newly described genera, in which the lif Mi apical cell and sometimes some of the other apical cells of the forf wings are wantiux, are hero tabulated.) First apical cell present.
.Second apical cell present.
Median cellule one-third or scarcely more thjin one-third as long a« the wing . .3. Derobrocliiin. Median cellule one-half ao long »s the wing 4. Litohrochus
Second apical cell absent '..'.'.'.'.i' Lcptohrochus.
First apical cell absent.
Discoidal cell open g. Memhrochm.
Discoidal ceU closed 7. PaladueUa.
1. HYDROPSYOHE Pictet.
The two species placed here by us from the American Tertiaries are referred to the genus in its ancient wide sense as representative of the group to which it belongs. No fossils have previously been referred to it
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180
TEETIAKY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEKIOA.
Hydropsvcue? operta.
PI. 5, Fi{,'8. 52. 53. Phryganea operta Scnilit., Bnll. II. S. Oeol. fJcogr. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 762 (1877).
A single well preserved specimen with its reverse; the wings are doubled beneath tlie body, and unfortunately are overlaid l)y the larva akin of" a dipterous insect, obliterating all the important parts of the neuration. On this account it is iinj)ossible to determine it with any certainty, but it can not be referred to the Phryganidie proper, from its slender antenna- and long and slender legs. Renewed study of the specimen since the above was published in the Bulletin leads me to believe that it is one of the Hydropsy- chidiE and probably not far removed from Polycentropus, but the vena- tion is too obscure to enable one to speak confidently. The first fork, how- ever, a])pears to be brief and upcurved, exactly as in Polycentropus and not as given in the plate. The head is detached from the body, and faint traces of the anteuuic are preserved, but detached ; apparently there are two pairs of spurs to what appear to be the middle tibiaj, and the spines of the under edge of the same tibia3 are numerous. The abdomen is very well preserved on a side view.
Length of body, 8'"'" ; (portion of) antenna^ 7°"" ; tarsi, 3.5""° ; wings, 10""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. W. Denton.
HyDROPSYCHE MARCEN8.
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PI. 15, Fig. 7.
Only two specimens of this species are known ; it seems to have a some- what peculiar neuration, but its imperfection induces me to place it in the geinis Hydropsyche in a general sense. The front wings are very long and slender, largest beyond the middle of the apical half, the apical margin I'ounded but with a slight acumination. The neuration is incorrectly given in the plate. No cross-veins can be accurately determined, but it seems apparent that the discoidal cell must be of unusual size, and even larger than the median cellule, which, on the other hand, must be rather smaller than usual. The legs and antennae are long and slender.
Length of body, S"*™ ; of front wings, 9-9.5"'™ ; of hind legs, 6°"^.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1618, 11205.
NKUKOl'TKBA— T1U011()1»TKKA— UYDUOl'HYCJillD.K. .
181
2. POLYCKNTROPns Chirtis.
This is an important gr< ip of caddis-Hies to the paleontolojjist, since nearly one-half of the many phryganids described from the Prussian umber belong to it, and it is interesting to find that we have at least one specie.-, ia our own rocks. The present distribution of the species is mainly in Europe and North Auierioji, where they are numerous, with a few recorded from Ceylon. The larva;, according to McLachlau, inhabit shall< <w, rapid streams, and form, Pictet says, no firm cases until about to change to pupa;. In speaking of the abundance of this group in the amber fauna McLachlan says: "Insects referred to Polyceritropus in its broad sense seem to have been very common in the Tertiary period when amber was formed ; their habit of concealing themselves in the crevices of the bark of trees probably caused their entanglement in the resin and subsequent fossilizatlon.'"
P0LYC15NTROPU8 EXE8U8.
A delicate winged, sparsely clothed species with exceedingly delicate antennae. The body is moderat(dy slight, the head small; basal joint of antenna} very stout, subglobular, the remainder thread-like, reaching back beyond the closed wings, the joints three to four times longer than broad and narrowly ringed with black at the incisures. Legs po'u-ly preserved in most of the specimens, but only moderately slender, the tuvsi rather densely spinous. Wings moderately slender, broadest at the anastomosis, the apex rather broadly rounded, tolerably clear, but with heavily infuscated veins ; the discoidal is much longer than the median cellule, and the second apical cell is longer than the third and fourth, and of about equal length with the fifth ; the anastomosis above the fifth fork lies in a curve subparallel to the apical margin.
Length of body, 7.5°"" ; of front wing, S""' ; width of same, 2.6""" ; length ofpntennsB, 11°"°; of hind tibia?., 4°'°'; of hind tarsi, S.S""".
Florissant. Nine s;)ecimen8, Nos. 67, 571, 3143, 7428, 7873, 9549, 10501, 12441, 13529.
■ Trichoptera £urop. fauna, 398.
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182 • TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
POLYCENTROPUS (?) EVIRATUS. PI. 13, Fig. 7.
A single specimen with its reverse is placed here provisionally simply from its general resemblance to species of this group. A crushed body, heavily scaled wings, an antenna, and a fragment of a leg are all that remain. The body is stout and apparently clothed densely. The antenna is rather slender, tapering, about as half as long as the wings, and com- posed of joints: of equal length and breadth. The wings are folded some- what, so that their form can not fully be seen, but they ar^j apparently not slender and are very densely scaled, concealing all neuration ; the costal margin is very gently and slightly convex, curving downward to the apex only at the very tip, the apex far above the middle of the wing, and the apical margin oblique, straight, not retreating rapidly.
Length of body, 11"""; of front wing, 10.5"""; of antennae, 5°"".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 12239 and 12240.
3. DEROBROCHUS gen. nov. {d^po?, /3p6xo?). A large proportion, both of the specimens and species, of Florissant caddis-flies seems to belong to this new type of Hydropsychidie, which is allied to Polycentro))us in many of its features, but is remarkable for the length of the cells and for the apparent want of any fifth apical cell. The median cellule, which is generally longer than the discoidal, is often one- tliird, or even more tiian one-third, the length of the wing, and the lower brunch of the upper eub'tus runs straight or nearly straight to the margin, bending sometimes near the cross-veia which, near the margin, connects it V ith the vein below. The uppermost apical cell, as in Polycentropus, is small, and in general the affinity of this genus to that is marked ; but the absence of the fifth apical cell is believed to be sufficient ground for generic distinction, as that cell is generally found throughout the family. The cross-vein uiiiting the upper and lower cubitak is variously situated.
Table of the species of Derobrochua,
Base of first apical eel", of front wing not, or sciiroely, fartboi' from the root of the winy than the base of somo of the other apical forks. First upicul coll almost at? long as the second ; this not greatly longer 1 ban the third .. 1. D. abgttaotua. First apical cell much shorter than the second ; this nearly twice as long as the third.
First apical cell longer than the fourth U. 1). canulentus.
First apical cell shorter than the fourth.
First apical cell curving upward 4. D. eoiiniioraliia
First apical cell with no upward curve 6. D. friyeacam.
11* Ji
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NEUROPTBBA— TEICHOPTEKA— HfDROPSYOHlD^.
183
r
Ba8e of first apical cell considerably, or very much, farther from the root of the wing than the base of any other apical fork. Third and fourth apical cells about equally distant from base.
Second apical cell less tba-.i one-third as long again as the third 3. D. (siernus.
Second apica) cell half a<i lougugain us the third 5. D. marcidim.
Fourth apical cell reachi ng much nearer the base than the third 7. J>. craterte.
1. DeKOBROCHUS A1J8TR actus.
A single specimen, preserved on a side view, so as to show the upper lialf of the under surfaoe of the right front wing, and in addition the uivper surface of the whole of the left front wing, overlying the hind wing and confusing the neuration. Little besides the wings can be seen, but the stout cylindrical basal joint of the antennaj appears, followed by a few sim- ilar but much slenderer joints. The front wing is slender, subacuminate at tip, the costal margin falling toward the tip at about the same angle as the apical margin retreats from it, the apex itself rounded off, and rather above the middle line of the wing. The first apical cell is remarkably long, the fork originating at the end of the middle third of the wing, and of the same length as the third apical cell ; the second apical cell is only a little longer. The wing is apparently clear, with the veins narrowly marked with fuscous and faintly irrorate with fuscous at their tips.
Length of body, 9°""; of front wing, 11°"°; width of same, 3.3°"°.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 9377.
2. Derobeochus c^nulentus.
This species is represented again by a single specimen, showing a dor- sal view of a vague body with outstretched front wings, one of which is nearly complete and tolerably well preserved, showing a portion at least of the neuration with clearness. The wing is not so acuminate as in the pre- ceding species and the apex is in the middle of the wing. The first apical cell thouga long is shorter than in D. abstractus, but extends farther toward the base tl:an eitlier the third or fourth cell, these last being much shorter than in the pr'jceding species. The discoidal cell is apparently fully as long as the median cellule, but its limits are not clearly marked; the latter is as long as the fourth fork and very slendei*. The wing appears to be clear with infuscated veins, and the whole costal margin broadly but faintly infuscated.
Length of wing, 8..5"°' ; breadth o'" same, 2.6™"' ; length of median cel- lule, 2"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14444.
184
TBRTIABY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
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3. Debobbochus ^tebnus.
This species is again represented by a single specimen bnt in a better state of preservation than the preceding forms. It presents a side view with the upper front wing well preserved, and the lower, though visible by drooping, obscure. The legs are tolerably well preserved but confused ; they are sparsely clothed with hairs and the tibial spurs can not properly be distinguished. The front wing is slender, broadest only a little way beyond the middle, the apex well rounded, and the apical margin very oblique but full. The discoidal and median cells are about equally long and slender and nearly as long as the second apical cell, which is fully one-third the length of the entire w ing. The third and fourth apical cells are of about equal length and nearly twice as long as the first. The anastomosis is very simple, the cross-veins closing the discoidal cell and uniting the sector and cubitus falling together just beyond the origin of the second apical foi"k. The wing as preserved is clear in the apical fourth but elsewhere irror^te with fuscous, the veins everywhere infuscated.
Length of front wing, 9.75""°; breadth, ^l"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 5308.
4. DeROBEOCHUS C0MM0EATU8.
A species closely allied to the last described, and mainly distinguisha- ble from it by its shorter and much slenderer wings. A number of speci- mens appear to belong here, but none of them are very well preserved. The body is slender, the legs long and slender, but with i-ather stout femoi'a, the front legs short and slight. There is a single pair of spurs on the front legs, and two pairs on the hind legs. The front wings are pretty uniformly fuliginous with fuscescent veins ; it is very slender, broadest close to the apex, the tip rounded and placed considerably above the middle, the apical margin much less oblique than in D. aeternus. The neuration is identical with Ihat species.
Length of body, 8.5""" ; of front wing, 9°"" ; breadth of same, 2.75""" ; length of fore femora, l.e'"" ; of fore tibia, l.l""' ; of middle femora, 3.25"'"' ; of hind tibia, 2.6"'"'.
Florissant. Ten specimens, Nos. 2661, 3237, 3343, 3350, 6848, 13539, 13542 and 14170, 14029, 14171, 14312.
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NBUKOPTEBA— TBICHOPTERA— HYDROPSYOHID^
5. Debobbochus mabcidus.
185
PI. 15, Fig. 2.
A slender winged, griseous species, not far removed from D. commo- ratus. The body, however, is tolerably stout, densely clothed, the head small, with very slender pale antenna?, the basal joint stout and globular, the other joints slender, about twice as long as broad, and narrowly ringed apically with fuscous. The legs are very long and delicate, the middle and hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Front wingA griseous, rather heavily clothed with hairs, especially along the veins, which are thereby duskier ; they are slender, well rounded at the apex, and not acuminate, as would appear from the figure, where the wing is partially folded ; the neuration is imperfectly shown in the plate. The first apical cell is very small, the third a little longe. than the fourth and much shorter than the second, which is very long, nearly reaching the middle of the wing ; the length of the dis- coidal and median cells can not be accurately determined.
Length of body, 6.76°"» ; of fore femora, 1.4°"" ; mid femora, 2.2""" ; mid tibiae, 2°"; hind femora, 3"""; hind tibiae, 2.75""; front wings, T-S""; width of same, 2.75""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 9416 and 9621, 10106, 12010.
6. Debobbochus fbioescens. PL 15, Figs. 6, 16.
Derobroohu$ frigeioent Soadd., Zittel, Haadb. d. Palseont., I, ii, 779, Pig. 986 (1885).
A somewhat stout bodied but small species, the sn^allest of the genus, not very heavily clothed with scales. The head is moderately large and the antennae very slender, with a large globose basal joint. The legs are only preserved in a fragmentary way in all the specimens. The front wings are tolerably broad, broadest only a little beyond the middle, the apex scarcely subacurainate but well rounded, the apical margin obhque but full , the first apical fork is unusually straight with no upward curve, and the cell not much shorter than the third apical cell ; the second apical cell is about twice as long as the third, anu the fourth falls about midway between them in length ; the discoidal cell and the median are of about equal length with the second apical cell, and are very slender, particularly the median. These features are not all produced in the plate.
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186
TERTIARY INSBOTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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Length of body, 6.5""» ; of f-ont wing, 7""" ; width of same, 2.85"'"'. Fbrissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1027, 1718, 2677, 4633, 5433, 10900, 10953.
7. Debobbochus ceateb^. PI. 13, Fig. 13; PI. 15, Fig. 4.
A moderate-sized species, with dusky wings, the veins infuscated. The body is moderately stout, but no parts are fairly preserved but the front wings. These are moderately slender, the tip rounded, the apical margin oblique and only a little full, the broadest part of the wing near the middle of the outer half; the first apical cell (not shown in the figures) is very small, considerably smaller than the third, which last is only a little more than half as long as the second, which is slightly longer than its stalk ; discoidal and median cells very long and Jender and of about equal size.
Lengrh of body, 7-8.5°'"' ; of front wings, 8""" ; breadth of same, 2.6"'"'; length of hind wings, e™".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2514,5059, 14235; and from the Princeton Collection No. 1.947.
4. LITOBROCHUS gen. nov. (\it6?, fipoxo?).
This name is proposed to include a single species of Florissant Hydro- psychidaj, allied to Polycentropus and Derobrochus, and especially the lat- ter, but differing from them in some points in the neuration of the wing. Like Derobrochus, there is no fifth apical cell in the front wing, thus clearly separating it from Polycentropus. It differs from Derobrochus in the still more intensified elongation of the interior cells, and in the minuteness of the first apical cell, which is relatively not half so large as in any species of Derobrochus. The anastomosis is also very widely separated, the median cell extending far toward the margin and being half as long as the wing itself
LiTOBEOCHUS EXTEBNATUS. PI. 15, Fig. 10.
A single specimen shows the body, fore legs, and front wings. It is a tolerably large species with moderately slender body. The front legs are small and the tibia bears a single pair of spurs. The front wings are slender, broadest before the middle of the outer half, the apex produced and nearly
NEUROPTEEA— TKICHOPTERA— HYDROPSYCHlDvE.
187
in the middle of the wing, the costal margin falling obliquely to the tip over a considerable area, and the apical margin equally oblique below the apex ; iho contrast in the length of the first and second apical cells is very marked ; the cross-vein uniting the sector and cubitus falls at the origin of the second apical cell, and the median and discoidal cells originate side by side ; none of the cross-veins are shown in the plate. The wing is clear, excepting for a slight infuscation along the costal edge and the infuscation of the veins.
Length of body, 10""°; of front wings, 10""" ; breadth of same, a.SS"" ; length of fore femora, l.?"'"; tibiae, 1.7""".
!• lorissant. One specimen, No. 14210.
5. LEPTOBROCHUS gen. nov. (AeTrrd?, fip6xo?).
This genus, which includes only one species, is remarkable for lacking not only the fifth, but the second, apical cell. In other respects it does not differ from Derobrochus, except in having, as in Litobrochus, an extremely long median cell, due, however, not to the extension of the cell toward the margin, but to its basal extension by the earlier origin of the middle branch of the upper cubital vein.
Leptobrochus luteus. PI. 15, Pigs. 1, 3.
This abundant species is rarely well preserved. It has a slender body, long and narrow wings, very slender legs, and antennai longer, so far as known, than any other of our fossil species, being nmch more than twice the length of the body (including the closed wings) ; the joints are about four times longer than broad, very slender, and the incisures marked with fuscous ; the first joint is stout and obovate. The front wings are very long and slender, the apex produced, subacuminate and scarcely above the middle ; the first apical cell is tolerably small, and the discoidal cell appar- ently open ; the median cell, however, is closed, and the cell itself exceed- ingly long, the closure being a little before the origin of the third apical cell, which is not quite so long as the breadth of the wing and shorter than the fourth apical cell ; these features of the neuration do not appear in the figures on the plate.
188
TEUTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERKJA,
m\
Length of body, 9°"" ; of front wing, 9°"" ; breadth of same, 2.2"'" ; length of antenniv, 21""".
Florissant. Sixteen specimens, Nos. 1655, 3638, 3702, 6039, 7030, 7149, 7990, 8013 and 10341, 8065, 8325, 8392, 8857, 9578, 10016, 10239, 12014.
6. MESOBROCHUS gen. nov. (ju^ao?, /3p6xo?).
This is a roculiar group, not only for the limited number of apical cells, the first as well as the fifth being absent, but also for the great and nearly equal length of all the other apical cells and the distance of the anastomosis from the apical margin ; indeed, nearly or quite a third of the wing at tlie apex is filled onlywith longitudinal and parallel veins, as in some T.epto- ceridae. The median cell, on the contrary, is not very long, as it is in nearly all the other genera we have here considered; the discoidal cell appears to be open, an anomalous peculiarity for one of the Hydropsychida\
Table of the »pecie» of Mesohrochut.
Fore wings nearly /oar times as long as broad 1. M. letliaiua.
Foro wiags scarcely more than three times as long as broad 2. M. imbecillus.
1. Mesobrochus LETH^US. PI. 15, Fig. 11,
A small slender species. Body slender, moderately clothed with scales. Antennfe with basal joint very large, as long as the hea<l, the rest slender and cylindrical, tapering sensibly to the tip, as long as the body (without the wings). Legs very slender. Wings very long and slender, the rounded apex in the middle line and the margins curving equally to it above and below ; second apical cell nearly half as long as the wing, third and fourth sto])ping abruptly at the anastomosis, which falls just beneath the tip of the subcostal nervure ; the discoidal cell is open and the median not very long, reaching as far toward the base as to bring the base of the second apical cell over its center ; the neuration as given in the plate is wrong.
Length of body, e™"" ; of front wing, 7""""; width of same, 1.85"""; length of antennae, G"""".
Florissant. Fourteen specimens, Nos. 544, 1665, 2268, 2520, 2566, 4584, 6884, 7792, 7898, 10720, 10899, 11132, 12015 and 12789, 33540.
NEUROPTERA— TRICHOPTERA— IIYDROPSYCHID.E.
189
2. Mesobrochus imbb:cillu8. PI. 15, Fig. 13.
Closely allied to the preceding, but ji smaller and comparatively stouter form. The basal joint of the antenna; is cylindrical, and though very large not HO stout as in tiuit species, but the stalk is as there Tlie legs are a little shorter and less slender. Wings shaped as in M. letha^us, but compara- tively a little shorter; the neuration appears to be identiciil with that of the other species (it is wronglv ^iven on the plate), excepting that the anasto- mosis is even farther tov . the base of the wing.
Length of body, 5.5""" ; of front wing, 6.25""" ; width of same, 2'""'.
Florissant. Sixteen specimens, Nos. 1306 and 442;{, 2177, 2364, 2984, 4908, 5462, 6861, 7042, 7568, 7883, 10225, 10407, 10430, 11005, 12234, 13138.
7. PALADICELLA gen. nov. (^TraXmo?^ a-, (ii)CE\\a).
Still another anomalous genus is found among the Florissant Hv- dropsychida;, in some "espects allied to Mesobrochus, since the first and fifth apical cells are vviinting and the other apical cells are nearly eciual and long. The other features, however, are very different, partly perhaps from the much greater comparative brevity and breadth of the wing. The third and fourth apical cells are so closely approximated as nearly to touch throughout their length, even to the very margin of the wing. The discoidal cell is closed and relatively much shorter than it would be in Mesobrochus were it closed at the same time ; that is to say, the branch of the sector usually furnishing the first apical sector has a much later origin in Paladicella than in Mesobrochus. The name given is not meant to have any reference to the recent genus Adicella.
Paladicella eruptionis. PI. 15, Fig. 14.
This species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse, toler- ably well preserved on a dorsal view with partially expanded wings. The body is moderately slender and not heavily clothed, the head r.ither small, front legs not very large. The wings are not slender, broadest before the apical third, with rounded contours, the well rounded apex above tha mid- dle, the apical margin more oblique than the costal as it falls to the apex.
190
TERTIARY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMERIOA.
The wing ia tolerably dear, slightly infuscated next the costa with ftjHcous veins. The neiinitiou along the middle of the outer half of the wing is not correctly given in the plate ; the vein above the lowest forked vein (con- taining the foiu-th apical cell) is also equally but not so widely forked, and it does not connect (excepting by a cross-^ein) with the vein above, but much farther toward the base with the vein below, its fork containing the third apical cell.
Length of body, 9'"'" ; of front wing, 10.5""" ; breadth of same, 4""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8422 and 13004.
8, TINODES Curtis.
The single species referred here provisionally ia shown by its neuration to belong elsewhere, and is merely placed here for convenience and for want of a better place. Moreover two species have been found in amber.
iSi
, 1
TiNOUES (?) PALUDIGENA.
PI. 15, Fig. 9.
An interesting little species, apparently belonging near this genus, but in which the neuration is even simpler, though being in large part obscure, the species is placed here provisionally. The body is moderately slender, the legs rather short. The front wings are not very slender, broadest in the middle of the apical half, beyond which the wing tapers rapidly and almost equally above and below to a rounded apex. Only the firs*^^ and third apical cells are present and both very large and with a long stalk, the veins originating far toward the base. This alone shows it can not be a Tinodes, but the anastomosis can not be made out. The hind wing is con- siderably shorter than the front wing, broadest near the base, has a pretty strongly curved costal margin terminating abruptly in a pointed apex, from which the oblique apical margin retreating rapidly blends by one curv . in the inner margin ; the second and third apical cells only are present, of about equal and considerable length, the latter nearly reaching the middle of the wing; an interesting feature of this wing is a large spreading tn.ft of dark hairs longer than the width of the thorax, springing from near the base of the costal area.
i
NEUROPTERA-TRIOHOPTRRA— LEPTOCERID.K.
191
Length of body, r)-6.25"""; of front wing, 5.5"""; of hind wing, 4"""; breadth of front wing, 1.5""°; of hitnl wing, 1.2"""; length of tuft of hairs,
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2142, 61)G4, 10702, 13137.
Subifeimily LEPTOCERID/l': Stophonw.
No fossil species of this subfamily have been described, biit Hagen mentions several species which he refers to Mystacides and Odontocerum. Two Florissant species are found, which are believed to be most nearly al- lied to Setodes. The larvse of this group are found more often in running than in standing water, but frequent both ; the case is usually a free sand tube ; the members of the subfamily are distributed all over the world.
SETODES Rambur.
This genus, as existing at present, is found well represented in regions as wide apart and as different as North America, Europe, and the East Indies. None have before been reported fossil, and the two species we have referred here are so placed more from their general aspect than for any other more solid reason. The form and pointedness of the wings and the general structure of the antennae and legs look evidently in this direction. The larvaj of this group inhabit both standing and running waters.
Table of the upeciea of Setodet.
Winjrs at rest eicteiidiii); far boyontl tho abdomen 1. S. portionalin.
Wiiigs at rest not reaohin^ the tip of the abdomen 2. S. abbreviata.
1. Setodes PORTIONALIS. PI. 15, Fig. 15,
A single specimen is placed here, the pointed form of the wings, the size, and the whole aspect indicating this group of caddis-flies ; the wings, however, are so thickly clothed with scales that no neuration can be dis- tinguished, '^i he body is tolerably slender, the antennae and legs exceedingly long ; only a portion of one antenna, as long as the body, is preserved, but this shows no indication whatever of diminution in size ; it is rather stout, as stout, indeed, as the tarsi, and the joints four or five times as long as broad, cylindrical, pale brown, with dark brown incisures ; the length of the basal joints is not determinable. The legs extend a long way beyond the tip of
r
192
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
tlie clo«ed wings und are very slender ; the front pair, however, are m < shorter than the others. The front wings are very slender, densely pubes- cent, wlum dosed extending some way beyond the tip of the body, the portion so extended tapering to a slender but rounded tip which is near the upper margin of the wing, the costal border being almost uniformly and gently convex, and not falling rapidly next the tip, while the apical margin below the tip is exceedingly oblique until the tip of the body is reached.
Length of l)ody, fi""' ; of front wing, fi""" ; breadth of same, 1""° ; length of antennal joints, 0.5""" ; of mid tibia' and tarsi together, 4.5°"" ; reach of hind legs beyond body, 3..5'"'".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 11764.
2. Setodes abbreviata.
A single specimen only has been found, closely allied to the preceding but with remarkably abbreviated wings. The body is moderately slender, densely pubescent, the antennte black, of the length of the body, of the same stoutness as in the preceding, but with joints scarcely no long and densely and very finely covered with hairs. Legs not perfectly preserved but a little stouter than in S. portionalis. Wings very much shorter than the body, very slender lanceolate, the apical portion narrowing, more rapidly below than above, to a sharply pointed tip, black, densely clothed with long hair- like scales.
Length of body, 6.5°""; of front wing, 3.5""; breadth of wing, 0.65°'".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5218.
t
Subfamily LIMNOPHILID^E McLaohlan.
A single member of this group has been found fossil in Prussian amber, a species of Halessus. Besides this, however, several larval cases have been described, some at least of which appear to belong here, as it contains at the present day all the larger caddis-flies which ornament their larval cases with shells and other odd substances. To this list we can now add from America one of each kind, a winged insect and a larval case constructed of grains of stone. The group as it exists to-day is mainly confined to the northern hemisphere, north of the tropics, but it reappears to some extent in corre- sponding portions of the southern hemisphere, at least in America
r
i
NEUUOI'TEUA-TIIIOHOPTEUA— LlMNOrillLlD.E.
LIMNOPIIILUS IJurmeister.
193
This genus has never lieen reported fossil, nnfl in placing in it the species below the intention is only to indicate its affinities. The gemis is boreal and wide spread, and the larviu are generally found in standing water
LlMNOPHILirS 80PORATII8. PI. 15, Fig. 5.
A couple of specimens are referred here, in only one of which is the neuration sufficiently distinct to be deternnned with any probability, and in this it is somewhat obscure and is not fully shown in the plate ; nearly all the veins and cross-veins in the outfc»' half of the wing can, liowcer, be traced with more or loss (Mstinctnoss, though the cross-veins are certainly obscure; the neuration, as thus limited, is wholly that of Limnophilus. The front wings are moderately long and narrow, tlio costal margin rather strongly arched in the apical half, curving downward to the bluntly acunn'- nate apex, the apical margin sharply and very obliquely truncate Dis- coidal cellules short, much shorter than its foot-stalk ; anastomosis of the lower half of the wing continuous.
Length of front wing, 121)""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1441, 13007.
INDUSIA Bosc.
In certain parts of Auvergne, France, rocks are found whioh for a thick- ness of sometimes two meteru or more are wholly made up of the remains of the cases of caddis-flies. These have been frequently mentioned by writers and were first described and figured by Hose early in the century under the name of Indusia tubulosa. Oustalet in his recent treatise on the fossil in- sects of Auvergne,* describes two forms, one from Clermond and the otlier from St. Gorand, which he distinguishes under the names Phryganea cor- entina and P. gerandina, principally from their difference in size and strength, and a distinction in the minute shells — species of Paludina — of which the cases are composed.
These cases, like the somewhat similar ones composed of grains of stone which are described below, are all apparently made by species of Limno-
VOL XIII-
' fllbl. ficole Httut. Etudes; Sci. Nat., vol. 4, pp. 101-102. -13
194
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NOUTU AMERICA.
M
pliiHdrt",' tlio larvfc of which group aro voinarkablo for tho variety of objects thoy use for tho constriictioji of their cases, it wouhl seem desiruhlo j>,t present, whihi phicing Iiulusia in tliis group, to inchtde in it all larval case;", of extuict Trichoptera until they can ho more definitely placed or distinguished.
I'hose, however, are not the only instances of larval cases of Trichop- tera found fossil. Ilepp, ;n 1844," describes some from the rocks at lioisladt, near Diirkheim, und(>rthe name of Phryganea blumii, and lleer a few years later' in his classic work describes and figures a similar instance from Ooiiingen, under the name of I'hryganea autiijua, in which the case was in part madr r.p of bits of sticks. Ibit the uu>st surprising discovery of this sort is that of supposed larval cases of I'ln yganida' in amber.' According to Dr. Ila^jfeu, Pictet thought then> larval cases of a tineid, but Zeller believed thoy were trichopterous, tho larva* still remaining inclo.sed and appearing to belong near Mystacidos. As pltryganid larvio aro acpiatic almost without exception, tluur discovery in and)er is certainly surprising. A tube-liko larval case, presumably triclu.])terous, has also been described unde • tho name of IMiryganiva micacea and figured by Fritsch* fron» the Cretaceous clay-schists of Kounic, Viohemia ; and Marion" describes larval cases on tho leaf of ;i fossil, Nymph;ea, in Provence, very like those attached to similar leuvoa to-day.
Inihtsia calculosa. PI. 1, I'ifj. 4.
rniiimia rncciihm Soiiil.l., Hill!. IT. S. Gool. (icoKr. Sniv. Terr., IV. ri.«'.>-r)4:! (1H78); Ann. Ron. U.S. (J.'ol. (Jt'.)Kr Siirv. TiTr., XI, (i:iH-C.:«t (lf79) ; in ."it«i>l, Uaiulli. d. I'lilii-ont., I, li, 778, Kig. 9K-.(lfff.).
Dr. A. {\ Pealo, in his explorations muler the t^urvfy, discovered in (I.'p(>sits, which lie consid >rs as probably belonging to the upper (Ireen Uiver group, or possibly to the lower [lart of the Urilger group, beds of limestone, tiie upper floor of whicii is com})letely <H)vered with petrified cases of caddis-flies, all i)eh.nging to a single species, which may bear tho namo we have applied to it above. 'J'hoy vary from 14 to 1!)""" in length, from 4 to .'">""" in diaiiiotor at their open anterior extremity, and from iJ to
' .S<'i< on tliimioiiit, Mul.nclilun, I'mn. Knt. Sor, l.onil., 'SHiJ, 1H-U>.
■< TiiIiitnI.. rolllrliiii, V()l. ',',i)p. li>-9:».
■'Iti-ii'iuU, IliMimt. lirfiiuU. nrKiiii. Riwtto Viirw., vol. 9, pt. 1, J>. I'il.
♦Ari'.liiv. nutiirw. Litnili<»'lnr<ilif. Htlliin., vol 1, p. (U>; VoHUitr, vol. l;l, ji. aOO,
■Saporta, Organ, probl. auo. nwta, 'ii-M, PI. :), Kig, i).
r
mimm^
\
NKlJJ'.Ol'TKUA-THlOliOrTLltA— PIUIYUANID.K.
11)5
f'
3.2""" nt tlioir postorior imkI, tho tliickiiosh of tlio wiills l>oiii<r a!)out 0 75"'™. As will be soon by those inoiisuroinonfs, tho oiisos iire ii little liii.>(^r jit thoir mouth, but othorwiso thoy are cvliii(h-icul, taper with porfoot ro<,ni!anty, and are straight, not slifrhtiy curved, as in nuiny phryganid cases. Thoy are coniphitoly covered with nuiiute, rounded, water-worn pebbles, apparently of quartz, generally subspherical or ovate, and varying from one-third to two-tiiirds of a inlllinieter in uwnn diameter ; they thus give tho cases a granulated appearance. Nearly all tho cases are Hlled with calcareous niateriiil, but some are empty for a short distance from their month, aiul in one case the inner lining of this part of tlie case has a coating of miiuiter calcareous particles, evidently deposited therein after the caso was vacated. As tho present thickness of tho walls indicates (as also tho size of tlu* attached pcdjblos), the silken interior lining of tho case must have been very stout. This follows also from tho appearam.o of one or two which have been crushed, for thyy have yielded along longitudinal lines, indicating a parch- ment-like rigidity in tho entire shell. In one of the specimens the outer coating of heavier pebbles has in some way be«Mi removed by weather- ing, auu has left a scabrous surface, apparently produced by minute, hard grains entangled in tho fibrous meshes of tho web ; it still, however, retains its cylindrical form.
Tho size of tho caso, its form, and tho material from which it is con- s'.•uctod soom to indicate that it belonged to .some genus of Linnu)phiiida', near Anabolia.
Ilorso Creek, Wyoming. Dr. A. C. I'eale.
Subfamily PHIlY(iANn>,l-: Stophcns.
This subfamily of caddis-flies, comprising the larger species, is found only in tho northern portions of tho globe, and is numerous neither in species noi in genera ; nevertlieless it is tho only gro.ip of caddis-flies whoso remains have hitherto been found in rocky strata, if we except the larval cases, of which there is likely to bo nu)re or less cpiestion. And it is not a liiiie strange that they have been found in several distinct places, ranyinir from Aix in the Oligocono to Parschltig in t!io upjicr Miocene. Mombach, the Isle of Wight, and Ataiuiterdluk, in Gn^eidand, have also furnished species. From amber also t!n-eo species are known, and now we have tluoe more species, including a new gone.ic form, to adtl from the strata of Colorado
i:
196
TEUTIAltY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
'M
^
4
It is not, however, as in Europe, the only subfamily nipresented in the strata, three others being also represented and one of them much mons largely. (February, 1884.)
NEURONIA Leach.' '
A single small species of this genus has been described from amber by Pictet and Hagen, which the latter compares with the living N. reticulata. The one here described is the first known from the rocks, and is a consider- ably larger species, and Avith somewhat peculiar neuration. The f^enus is well represented at the present tip- -^ over all North America, and besides is found only in Europe.
Nkukonia evanesckns.
PI. i;5. Fig. 3.
A single specimen of a large species of phryganid is referred to Neu- ronia, although the neuration appears to be somewliat abnormal, the cross neuration on either side of the sector not being continuous. The insect is preserved on a lateral view, showing the head iind body, the superposed wings of one side, and all but the base of the other front wing extended be- low the body, together with one hind leg.
The upper half of the overlapj)ing wings is much darker than the lower half and shows some mottling near tho tip, which is not the casein the other winff. The sin<rle front winof is of a uniform brownish fuliginous tint, but broadly obscured in tlie middle of the wing Ijy accident of preservation over a large pale area, in which also the veins are nearly lost. This accounts for the inaccuracy of the drawing on the plate.
The front wings are subtrianguiar, less than two and one-half times longer than broad, their greatest breadth in the middle of the apical half; the costal margin is gentb' arched in the apical half, the apex roundly pointed, the apical margin almost straight in the middle half and inclined at a rather sharp angle with the costal margin.
The shape of the wings, as well as the brevity of the discal cell, renders it probable that the species should be referred to Neuronia rather than to Phr}ganea or Agrypnia, though it is impossible to determino claarly whether there is a cross- vein betw .jen the subcostal vein and the cost-a. The radius has a liroad superior arch below the extremity of the subcostal Avhich renderu it probable that it exists, and that it can not therefore be referred to Agryp-
i:
NEUKOPTERA— TRlCUOrTEBA— rHKYlJANlDil':.
197
nia. The upper branch of the sector originates earlier than usual, close to the base of the discal ceil, which is shore, as in Neuronia, but only because the cross-veins which terminate are carried to an unusual distance toward the middle of the wing, and are therefore widely separated from the cross- veins uniting the sector with the cubitus — an unusual feature in this sub- family, and one which with its other peculiarities renders it probable that it should be genei'ically separated from 'iving types. There is also lacking the zigzag arrangement of the cubital cross-veins, though their exact rela- tion can not be determined throughout. The hind leg bears two pairs of tibial spurs, as always in this subfamily.
The length of the body is indeterminable ; the length of body and wings together in repose is 24™" ; of front wing, 20.5""° ; greatest breadth of same, 8.5""°; length of hind tibia, 3.65"'"' ; of hind tarsi, 4.65"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 7728.
PHRYGANEA Linnd.
Species of this genus are by no means unknown in a fossil state; indeed it is the only genus of Phryganidse which has heretofore been represented in the rocky strata by remains of the perfect insect, and while only two species are known from amber, four have been described from Tertiary rocks (Aix, Mombach, Parschlug, and Greenland) and a fifth indi- cated from the Isle of Wight. Very likely some of these may be fourid to belong elsewhere, but their large size would lend a probability to their proper reference here, since this genus and its allies contain the largest of the caddis-flies. We have here a single species to add, represented wholly by wings, but very well preserved. The genus is mostly confined to North America and Europe.
Phr^ganea labefacta.
PI. 13, Fig, 5{S).
An excellently preserved front wing, lacking only a fragment broken from the lower outer angle, represents a male. It is c" a nearly uniform smoky brown tinge, with much darker distinct veins, and delicately mottled with faint, pale, circular dots which are larger and therefore more noticeable than elsewhere in the upper outer half of the wing, and are absent from the center. It is of about the size of our common Neuronia semifasciata (Say) but of a different shapr^, being subquadrate, about three times longer than
198
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
I
broad and only slightly broader apically than basally. The apex is slightly pointed and the outer margin apparently slopes more rapidly below than above the apex. Though not shown in the plate, the subcosta is united near the tip to the costa by a cross- vein, and just below the apical cell thus formed the radius has a well-marked distinct arch. The cross-vein closing the cell is not shown in the plate, nor the cross-vein just below it, into which, rather than directly into the cubitus, the first nervule below the lowest branch of the sector runs. The lower cross-veins Jilso do not appear on the plate ; they run, as in the modern Phryganea grandis, with a slight jog where they cross tlie basal branch of the upper cubital, obliquely from the base of the second branch of the upper cubital toward the arculus. Indeed, the venation of the lower half of the wing closely resembles that of the modern European P. grandis, which is slightly larger thari the fossil species. This differs from that in only one or two points ; the first apical sector parts from its stem at the middle of the discoidal cell, the lower bor- der of the cell is as full as the upper, and the cell itself is proportionally shorter.
Two other specimens agreeing in neuration with the preceding, but with the lower nervule of the upper branch of the superior cubitus forked represent females. Like the male they are represented only by upper wings, one of them perfect, the other broken squarely at the tip by the breaking of the stone in quarrying ; one is a little lighter in color than the male, and, as it were, bleached out at the apex, while the other is much darker, almost of a blackish chocolate, many of the minute spots of the mottling, especially in the upper part of the wing, appearing quadrate rather than circular. The fourth (female) fork is nearly as deep as the third, ex- tending slightly more than half-way to the base of the branch.
Length of wing, S 20.25"'™, $ 19.5"""; of discoidal cell, <J $ 5.5"""; breadth of wing, <? 7™% $ 7.3"'™.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 407 (<?), 1016, 3897 (?)
LIMNOPSYCHE gen. nov. (A/yuv^, t/^vxtf).
This name is proposed for a genus which differs somewhat remarkably from any Phryganldre, but which agrees at the same time in its main fea- tures with the subfamil}'^ of Phryganidai proper. In his monograph on the Trichoptera of the European fauna, Mr. McLachlan lays much stress on
<^
^■
I.
NEUROPTERA— TBICHOPTBRA— rHRYGANIDiR.
199
'*
^
the importance in generic characteristication of the presence or absence of specified apical cellules, of which the '^lU complement in the anterior wing is nine; of these three belong to the area of the sector. In <' e present genus we have an additional apical cellule in the field of the sector, one of the ramules of the lower branch of the sector being divided. In all other species of Phrygarlidaj proper, to which there can be no doubt that this genus belongs, both the ramules extending to the margin from either side of the eross-vein closing the discoidal cell are simple ; in Limnopsyche the upper is branched, so that there exists an "apical fork" between the "first" and "second" apical forks of McLachlan's terminology. This, however, is not the only peculiarity ; the anastomosis is broken into three instead of, as in true Phryganidse, two parts, the cross-vein uniting the sector and cubitus lying far toward the tip of the wing, while the remainder of the anastomosis has fts normal place near the middle of the wing. Moreover, the median cellule, which, as in other Phryganidae proper, is open, extends nearly to the base of the wing, interrupting still more markedly the anas tomosis of the lower half of the wing.
Ahhoagh only a portion of the neuration can be determined in the single pretty large species referred here, this differs so much from the exist- ing genera of ti'ue Phryganidae that its separation from them is indispen- sable.
Limnopsyche cispeksa.
PI. 13, Fig. 2.
There are three specimens provisionally referred to this species, but in only one can the neuration be traced sufficiently, and it is upon this, which is figured, that the species is founded. It shows a dorsal view with indis- tinct traces of different appendages, but with the wings of one side expanded. Especially this is triie of one ; it is an upper wing, but toward the lower marj,In a portion of the hind wing, crumpled and folded, is more or less mixed with it, so that the figure is not perfectly clear or probably correct at this point, The main features of the neuration have been pointed out in the description of the genus, but a few special points may be added. The wing is about two and a half times longer than broad, the costal margin well rounded, bringing the rounded apex down nearly to the middle of the wing, the lower margin (apparently) full. It is pale brown without mot-
200
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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tling; the discoidal cell is very long and slender, nearly one-third the length of the wing, and occupying almost exactly the middle third longi- tudinally. First apical sector arising from the middle of the discoidal cell ; cell between the sector and cubitus of uniform widtli and running almost exactly through the middle of the wing, terminating some way below the apex ; cross-veins uniting the sector and cubitus more than half-way from the e d of the discoidal cell to the border. As the other cross- veins are in their usual place, the anastomosis is widely scattered, whence the specific name.
The other specimens are poorly preserved ; they agi*ee with the pre- ceding in size and present no characters in opposition to it. They show in addition ])ortions of the antennic, a slender stem arising from a rather stout basal joint ; in both, however, the antenna; are broken shortly beyond the base.
Length of body, 8""'" ; of front wing, 8.25"""' ; breadth of same, 3.25""" ; ength of hind wing, 7"'".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 809, 8G06, 8995.
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OBTHOPTER^ Linn^.
Although a group of great antiquity, some of its divisions (especially the cockroaches) being abundant in Paleozoic as in Mesozoic rocks, this order of insects is feebly represented in Tertiary times. Part of our luck of familiarity with the relics of those days is due to tiieir rare occurrence in amber, act largely due to their generally weak and brief flight. Indeed, hardly a dozen species of the entire order are known or indicated from this source, and less than forty species, including all mere references as distinct forms, from the European rocks. This number is nearly equaled by the American species described in this volume, but this fact is largely due to the great preponderance of Foi-ficulariai, which comprise more than a third of the species. The numbers in the different groups are, perhaps, too small to render a particular comparison useful, but we may note that the European rocks have representatives of each family excepting the Phas- mida, while the American furnish specimens of all but the Mantides. No Acridii have been found in amber, and of Locustarijc only larvre ; Forficu- lariae and Mantidte are said by older authors to have been found in amber, but none are now known, the undoubted amber remains being confined to Blattarije, Phasmida, Locustarii« (larvte), and Gryllides.
In comparing the European and American Tertiary orthopteran faunas some interesting points may be noted. The resemblance of both faunas in a nearly equal degree to warm temperate or subtropical t^-pes is not a little curious, combined as it is with a distinct differentiation of char- acter ; for even where the same subfamilies are represented, as they gener- ally are, the genera of the two continents are widely different. In the few cases where species have been placed under the same generic heading it has usually been by the use of the genus in the broad sense, indicating merely subfamily affinities, and the species themselves are widely different. The resemblance between the two countries is perhaps most marked in the
201
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TERTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Forfictilaria;, though the European species have been very imperfectly pre- sented as yet. Porliaiw the most marked peculiarities in the American fauna as distinguished frr n the European are the abundance of Forficu- larias of a common typo, the occurrence of Conocephalidiv, and the absence of Mantides, Tottigidic, Decticida), and the burrowing as well as the slender Gryllides.
As a whole the Orthoptera of Florissant and the Green River deposits indicate a warmer, not infreouently in specific cases a much warmer, cli- nitito than now appertains to that region, though this is true to a less degree of the saltatorial Orthoptera in general than of the others. (July, 1884.)
It is not a little surprising to find so many American species, no less than eleven being already obtained from Florissant, a number more than double that of the European Tertiary species, and all apparently belonging to one type, not now in existence. It is not impossible that a nearer study of the European fossil species may prov^ that they also belong here, as one may notice in them the same simplicity in the character of the forceps.
Some of the Florissant species are of very large size, much larger than any which are found in temperate regions, and the presence of this type in such abundance, and represented in part by such gigantic forms, is a clear witness to a considerably warmer climate than now obtains in the same region even at the level of the lower plains.
Family FORFICULARI^E Latreille.
Fossil earwigs are not unknown, but have been imperfectly studied. Heer gives wood-cuts of two, Forficula recta, which he compares with Forcinella annulipes (Luc.) Dohrn, and F. primigenia, compared with the common earwig, i. e., Forficula auricularia Linn ; he also mentions a third, F. minuta, compared with Labia minor (Linn.) Leach. These all come from the Miocene of Oeningen.' Long ago Serres spoke of a sijecies allied to Forficula parallela Fabr. and F. auricularia Linn, (both the same species), of which many specimens had been found at Aix in Provence.^ Perhaps Mr. Oustalet, when he resumes again the publication of his memoirs on the fossil insects of southern France, will acquaint us more perfectly with this insect; but I saw no specimens of Forficularise in his hands in 1873. One,
> Heer, Urwelt der Sobweiz, 2d edition, p. 392, figs. 267, 268. 'Serres, G^ogDosie des terrains tertiaires, 225,
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OETHOPTEKA— FORFKJULARI^:.
203
perhaps two, species aro also reported from Prussian amber. Koferstoin' speaks of an amber species, referring to Burmeistor (Handb. Entom.) but the hitter mentions only some crickets ("Acheten") "of the size of F. minor," And Germar writes that up to 1856 but a single specimen of an earwig hud been found in amber, a larva agreeing so completely with the full-grown larva of Forficula auricularia that description and illustration were superflu- ' ^ Gravenhorst also refers to a German species from amber.* Finally
ous.'
iViassalongo describes and fifn-es* a species from the Tertiaries of Monte Bolca, which he calls Forficula boicensis, and which again he compares to F. auricularia Linn. This species, which in point of fact is much nearer F. albipennis Muehlf. than F. auricularia, seems to be a true Forficula. The same may perhaps be said of Heer's species, or at least of the two which are figured (none are described), or they may belong to the same group as the American species, though one at least of them is much smaller than any we have found. But in Heer's species we have only a few abdominal joints and the forceps from which to draw any conclusion.
A couple of species have been found in rocks older than the Tertiaries, Baseopsis forficulina Heer* from the Lias of Schambelen and Forficularia problematica Weyenb.,* found in the Jura of Solenhofen. Although the figures given of this latter insect are very obscure, Weyenbergh says it is an earwig "sans le moindre doute," and of one of the seven specimens found he says it " montre k I'extri^mitd de I'abdomen les deux crochets, dont I'en- semble reprt^sente une sorte de pince, et qui caracttjrisent le genre Foi*ficula,"
LABIDUROMMA gen. nov. (Xafii?, ovpd, omm»)-
III first describing an earwig from Florissant I referred it hesitatingly to Labidura; a second species was subsequently placed in the same genus from its resemblance to the first. In my study of the much more abundant and better material now at hand I was at first inclined to refer not only these two species but all the others, including a considerable variety of forms, to the old genus Forficula, the structure of the antennae in particular
■ Naturg. Erdkurp., vol. 2, p. 331.
' Berendt, Berngt. be&adl. orgao. Rests Vorw^., vul. 3, pt. i, p. 33.
3 Uebers. gobies, aoaellach. vaterl. Cult., 18.Vt, 93.
*Magsalongo, Stad. pal., 15-16, pi. 1, figs. 5-7.
'Heer, Urwelt der Sobweiz, 2d edition, p. 94, pi. 7, fig. 5.
•Arch. Mus. Teyl., vol. Si, p. 274.
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nUlTlAUV INSKCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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accortlin}? more closely with Foi-ficula than with Labidiira. Hut one point after another Hhowod hucIi diHtinction from Forficula that the species seem more correctly i)re8ented when placed in a distinct genus. Whether all belony there is perhaps questionable, especially when the extreme members of the geims are compared. IVForeover, all the characters upon which the genus is founded are not to be found in all the species here described, as ))re8erved in the specimens at hand ; but in the order in which I have arranged them they show such a gradual passage from one to the other that notwithstanding the diversity in general aspect and in size between the first and the last, I can find no good characters in their imperfectly ])re8erved structure by which they should be separated. The genus is without doubt nearly allied to Forficula, but it is impossible to place it there, or indeed in any known existing genus of Forficulariaj on account of the great size of the eyes. These are not only as large in front as in Cylindrogaster and Sphongophora, but instead of being shut off from the posterior half of the head, as in all living Forficularia; known to me, they extend to the posterior margin, as may be readily seen in Figs. 3 and 12 of PI. 16; that is, instead of being anterior they are lateral. The genus is also peculiar for the great simplicity of the forceps, which are long and rather (sometimes very) slender, and, with a single exception, where there is one basal tooth, the}' are entirely unarmed. The antennae, where they are preserved, show some diversity of structure and it is partly on that account that I have hesitated about keeping them together; but as a general rule they are comparatively short, not extending backward beyond the closed tegmina, rather coarse, the joints about as numerous as in Forficula, the basal joint not very long nor stout, the joints in general shorter compared to their width than in Forficula. All the species, with i)erhaps one excep- tion, are winged, and all have tegmina of the normal form. It is not a little curious that several specimens have the wings fully expanded, and these show in all their main features the same characteristics as the strangely folded wings of earwigs to-day, showing that the type was fully developed in this early Tertiary period. One may notice, indeed, a slightly greater simplicity of structure here and both greater simplicity and greater uniformity of character in the forceps of the fossil species, which seem to betoken an approach toward the origin of the type, but it is a mere sug- gestion, or scarcely more thau that.
OllTH OPT y K A— FOBFIC ULAlilAi. 205
One of the species here described, certainly distinct from the others, is BO iinperfecily preserved that no name is given to it. The others may be distinguished by the following table :
Table of tha ipeciei of Labid»romma.
Species of large size with very long forcep8 (the total length nearly or qnito aS™"").
Male forceps almoHt one-half as long as body 1. f-. oHo.
Male forceps scarcely more than one third the length of body 2. I. bormaimi.
Species of smaller si/.o and shorter forceps (only a little exceeding yO""").
Hind margin of last abdominal aogment of male strongly angulated ; no pygidium perceptible.
:i. f.. morlale. Hind margin of last abdominal segment of male straight or nearly straight ; pygldinm distinct and Nomctimes large.
Male forceps with large projecting interior tooth at base 4. L. eommixlum.
Male forceps with no projecting basal tooth.
Male forceps narrowing almost from liase .'i. /.. tertiarium.
Male forceps with equal parallel sides for some distance from base.
Male forceps comparatively slender, with distinct and tolerably strong falcation.
6. /.. gilberlU
Male forceps broad beyond the base, with weak falcation 7. r.. exiDilaUim.
Species of much smaller size and generally still shorter forceps (the total length al)ont l.")""" or less).
Male forceps stout at base, much smaller and equal beyond S. L. Uthophiliim.
Male forceps slender and delicate throughout.
Male forceps less than half as long as abdomen 10. //. infernum.
Male forceps fully half as long as abdomen H. i. labent.
1, Labidukomma AVIA. PI. 16, Figs. 5, 22 {S),3, 11, 23 ( $ ).
Head small, rounded triangular ; antennae in no case well preserved, the longest fragments scarcely reaching the tip of the tegmina, tlie basal joint not precisely determinable, but apparently about twice the diameter of the stalk and subglobular ; the proximal joints of the stalk are cylindrical and from two to three times as long as broad, so that if composed as usual in this genus the antennae could not have extended beyond the tip of the tegmina; palpi shorter than the diameter of the head, nearly as stout as the antennsB, the joints half as long again as broad. Pronotum nearly circular but subquadrate, apparently longer than broad, and narrower than the head in the female (where it is better preserved than in the male specimens) and the opposite apparently in the male, where it seems to equal or surpass the head in breadth. Tegmina together considerably broader than the head, and square, of equal length and breadth; folded wings protruding beyond the tegmina to a distance of three-fourths the length of the latter. Legs moderately stout and not very short, the second joint of the tarsi apparently cordate. Abdomen equal with parallel sides. Forceps simple but of great
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lorifrth, in tlie iniilo as long U8 tlio abdomen beyond tho witi<? tl|)«, sotnowliat deproHsifd, with tlio ha .al third Htraight, itw huHal half with Htraiglit and panillel Hides, its apical half nan-owing on tho inner sidu, the whole inner margin pinched and perhaps a little creinilated, itut not toothed nor beaded; the distal two-thirds very gently and slightly arcnate, scarcely tapering, tho curve increasing slightly toward the bluntly rounded tip. In the f'enude they are a little shorter, uuich slenderer and apparently cylindrical through- out, scarcely attingent at the base, with no pinching ot" the inner edge at the base, and very regularly and gently tapering to a more delicate but still bluntly roumled point ; the arcuate curve is if anything a little stronger, and commences from the base, though the straight basal portion of the male is sometimes indicated by the origin of the arcuation (on tho outer edge) at a little remove from tho base. Pygidium of the male (not shown in the figures) triangular, longer than broad, half as long as the greatest breadth of the forceps, the apex l)roadly, bluntly roun led; in tho female as long as broad and as tho base of the forceps, more or less slightly truncate and rounded a, -ipex.
Liiigtli of body, excluding forceps, S 19"™, 9 18-19"""; breadth of abdomen, 3.5-4"'"': length" of front and middle femont, 2.5"'"'; tibia;, 1.76'"™; tarsi, 1.5"""; of hind femora, 2.8"""; tibia, 2.3'""'; of forceps, i( 8.5""", $ 6.6"""; breadth of same at base, cT 1.4™™, 2 0.7"""; in middle, S 1'"™, 2 0.4™"'.
This is the most interesting of tho Florissant species on account of its great size and the long and simple forceps. It is twice as large as any living species of Forficula.
Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 11740, 13544 and 13645, 13647 (<?), 2855 and 3567, 3832 and 5532, 5438, 8022, 11209 ($).
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2. Labiduromma bormansi.
ri. 16, Fig. 1 {S).
In the two specimens referred to this s])ecios the head and pronotum are badly preserved, but so far as can be seen appear to be much as in L. avia in relation to each other and the combined tegmina ; the prothorax is, however, certainly larger, thouj^h slightly, than the head, and the antennal joints at a short distance from the head are three or four times as long as broad. The tegmina are large with broadly rounded posterior edges, and the body with straight parallel sides ; the las. segment is as broad apically
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aH bjiHulIy, iiiul tlio Iiiiider edge i*h straight. The f(>rco|m of tho nmlo (formilo iinkiiov/n) iiro very long, flattened, Htmiglit on tho basal threo-iit'tliH (they are given vvitlia slight curve in the plate), and beyond gently sickle-Hhaped; they taper very gently and with entire regularity t<» a bluntly rounded, slightly angulated tip, excepting that the basal third or more has on the iiuier margin a thimier, blade-like, straight flange, increasing tho width by nearly one-fourth. Pygidium small, triangular, equilateral, with a blunt apical angle.
Length of body, excluding forceps, ,f IS""" ; breadth of abdomen, .'J.r)'""; length of forceps, 6.3"""; breadtii at base, 1.2'"™; in middle, 0.7.^)"'"'.
This species is slightly smaller than tho i)receding, but reHomblcs it closely, tho forceps of the male having about tlui size of those of tho female of L. avia, though their flatness and mode of curvature, and especially of the basal opposition, evidently indicate a male.
Named for M. A. de Bormans, of Switzerland, tho well known student of Fi»rficidaria}.
P'lorissant. Two specimens. No. 11180, Princeton Collection, No. 1.603 (<?).
3. Labiduromma mortale.
PI. 16, Figs. 2, 0 ( a ), 20 ( 9 ).
Head small, well rounded, a little produced anteriorly ; anteniuw moderately slender, probably considerably less than half the length of tho body, the basal joint small, scarcely stouter than the third or fourth joint, less than twice as long as broad, its apical half cylindrical and squarely truncate ; the sixth joint considerably longer than the first, and scarcely more than three times as long as broad ; palpi shorter than the diameter of the head, the joints about twice as long as broad. Pronotum suborbicular, a little smaller and no broader than the head, slightly broader than long. Tegmina together considerably broader than the pronotum, perhaps almost twice as broad, the apical edge nearly straight, rounded only next the outer edge. Wings extending, when folded, as far beyond the tegmina as the length of the latter. Legs not long nor stout, the middle pair situated nearer the hind than the front pair, and of about the same length as the former, the femora flattened, about twice the width of the tibia?. Abdomen with nearly parallel sides, a little broadest just behind the middle, the third and
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TKRTIARY INSKOTS OF NOUTIl AMEllICA.
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sometimes the fourth segment cm some specimens with faint indications of hiteral plications; hist segment a little h)nger than the preceding, narrowing slightly posteriorly with rounded posterior r.ngles; hind margin of male strongly angtdated, as shown in Fig. (J, of female straight with minute trian- gular pjgidium. F'orceps broad, flattened, stout, long, and nearly straight, as long as the toui or five terminal seguuMits, the basal two-fifths straight, equal, the attingent inner edges thickened slightly, the next two-fitths nar- rower, particularly by the excision of the inner edge, tapering, nearly straight, the apical fifth still narrower, more tapering, bent slightly inward and bluntly rounded at tip (<?), very broad and flattened, straight, sv^arcely *apering before the middle and then but slightly, the apex apparently twice as broad as in the male and bluntly rounded (9\
I.ongth of body, excluding forceps, ,v Ifi.fj-lT.r)""", <;> 18"""; breadthof head, 1.8"""; of tegmiuii, SI)"""; of abdomen, 4.3"'"'; length of middle and hind femora, 3'"'"; of fore femora, !.7"""; middle and hiiid tibia", 2.2""";
ore tibiic, 1.2' ; length of forceps, ( Ti.b""", ? 4.5"""?; breadth of same at
base, <f l.ory"'", ? 1.3'"'"; at tip, <? 0.35'"'".
This species differs from the two preceding species hy its .short'>r, broader, n'ld straighter forceps. One of the specimens (Fig. 2) was taken by me in the original insect beds described by Dr. A. C. Peale.
Florissant. Six s})ecimer.s, Nos. 3!)5, 3705, 6317 (c?), 8049, 13001 ($). No. 1.615 (<^), Princeton Collection.
4. Laeiduromma commixtum.
PI. 10, Figs. 10, 17 ( 9 ).
He;>d moderately small, well rounded, the posterior border a little trun- cate. Pronotum considc^rably snudler than the head, subipiadrate, of equal length and breadth. 'JY'gmiua togethc considerably broader than the head and nearly double the breadth of the pronotum ; each of the tegniina about twice as long as broad, and the coriaceous i)ortr^n of the wings extending beyond them f(»r n distance eijual to half their lengtii. Legs slender and rather long. Abdomen slightly expanding, so as to be broadest in the middle and broader than the tegmina, yet with subparallel sides; last segment a little longer than tl ■ others, slightly broader in front than behind, the pos- terior margin broadly rounded. Pygidium very large, being at base one- third the width t»f the terminal segment, subtriangular Init strongly rounded,
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with very bluntly rounded apex. Forceps of nmle broken in the only speci- men seen, but evidently pretty long and moderately stout, the portion (half?) remaining being as long as the last two segments of the abdomen, straijjht, equal, sopui-ated at base by the pygidium, with a very stout, sharp, triangu- ■ lar, interior tootli embracing the pygidium, and with two minute distant . teeth or tubercles beyond ; in the fema'Je distant at base, straight, flattpned, ' simple, unarmed, tapering regularly, with not the slightest inward curve, to a bluntly rounded tip, one-third the width of the base. This peculiarity reminds me of a specimen of Labidura riparia 1 have seen with perfectly straight and laminate forceps'.
Length of body, excluding forceps, c? 17.5"'™, $ 17.5'""'; breadth of head, ^ 2.25"'™; of pronotum, cr 1.75"'™; of closed tegmina, c? 3™ ' ; :>f abdomen c? 3.5"'™ ; length of forceps, S (broken) 4™™, ? 3-3.5™™ ; breadth at extreme base, S 0.8™™, ? 0.75™™; at tip, $ 0.25™™.
This is the only one of our American fossil species with toothed forceps.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. f>877 (cT), 1832, 11208 ($).
5, Labidukomma tertiarium.
PL 16, Figs. 18, 21 ( 3 ), 15 ( 9 ).
LaUdnra UrliaHa Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., II, 447-449; III, 259; IV, 619.
A single male specimen (Fig. 18), found by Mr. Jesse Randall, and brought home by the Survey under Dr. Hayden, formed the basis of the following de- scription : The head, which is badly preserved, is of about equal length and breadth behind the labrum, so that as a whole it is longer than broad, but it is slightly narrower than the pronotum, atid has large eyes, reaching back nearly to tlie hind border — characters which are scarcely in keeping with the reference of the insect to Labidura ; with no other genus, however, does it accord so well. The antennae are too fragmentary to furnish us any clew to their structure, and of the mouth jjarts nothing can be determined. The pronotum is of about ecpuil length and breadth, quadrate, the anterior anglts bluntly rounded, the posterior border very broadly convex, the margin no- where elevated ; there is a slight b-it distinct median sulcation, fading pos- teriorly. The rest of the thorax is of tlio same width as the pronotum ; the tegmina are twice as long as tlie pronotum, squarely docked at the tip ; the folded wings reach more than half as far again beyond the tip oi the teg-
'Froo. BoHt. Sou. Nut. Ui«t,, vol. 18, pii. ;m-a;25.
VOL XIII-
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TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
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mina, and in the specimen examined are partially opened on the right side, 80 as to show incompletely the peculiar rayed arrangement of the nervules. The legs are short, the femora broadest in the middle, the tibise moderately slender and slightly bowed ; but the tarsal joints are too obscure to deter- mine their structure ; the faintness of the legs probably shows that they wore paler than the body, which is of a griseous brown. The joints of the abdomen can readily be distinguished, although a portion of some of them are injured, and especially of the third segment; this renders it impossible to decide certainly whether plications were present on this segment, but there are no signs of any either on this or on the better-preserved second segment ; it would seem as if such plications should be seen, if present, at least on the second segment, for the abdomen is preserved on a partial side view, and the portion of the second segment where plications are to be looked for is perfectly preserved. The abdomen appears to have been equal as viewed from above, although the greater fullness in depth of the middle joints gives the specimen a great height in the middle ; the last segment is large, scarcely narrowing, and furnished with a pair of stout, straight, tapering, bluntly-pointed forceps as viewed from the side, not so long as the t( gmina, and apparently curved inward at the tip. The insect is slightly smaller than tlie common Labidura riparia (Pall.) Dohrn.
Length of body, excluding forceps, 17""°; of head, 2,2""""; breadth of same, 1.75'"™; length of pronotum, Lg""; breadth of .same, 2""; length of tc'ginina, 3.6"""; extent of folded wings beyond tegmina, 2.5""'; length of hind femora, 2.75'"'"; of hind tibiae, 1.7o'""'; of forceps, 2.5"'"'.
Since the above description was published I have seen and studied four or five more specimens, serving to modify and extend the characters before given, as follows : The head is fully as broad as and not narrower than the pronotum. The antennae reach back to the posterior margin of the closed tegmina, and their joints are cylindrical and about four times as long as broad. Th«^ pygidium is rounded subtriangular and moderately large. The forceps of the male are very simple, being straight, with parallel sides at the very base (as far as the tip of pygidium), then narrowing rather lapidly on the inner side oidy, the blunt apex incurved. Of the fe- males all tlie specimens are imperfect, but in the one figured the forceps appear to be laminate, tapering, entirely simple, and not incurred at the tip; the apical parts, however, are exceedingly obscure and may be wrongly
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ORTHOPTEBA— FORFICULARI^.
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interpreted. The resemblance they show to the female of L. commixtum leads one, however, to believe this the correct view.
The species resembles the preceding, especially in the female speci- mens, but the forceps of the male differ considerably.
Florissant Five specimens, Nos. 2779, 4925, 14688 (<?), 8334, 9228 (?).
6. Labioubomma oilberti. PI. 16, Fig. U{S).
HeaJ small, subtriangular, with well-rounded contours. Antennae reaching to the tip of the tegmina, apparently fourteen-jointed, the basal joint obscure, the middle joints four times as long as broad, a little larger in the middle than at the ends. Pronotum quadrate, scarcely broader than long, distinctly smaller than the head, and scarcely half as broad as the combined tegmina; posterior margin broadly rounded. Wing-veins with more widely- spread forks before the median break than in L. exsulatum. Legs short, the middle pair midway between the others and a little smaller than the hind pair, the femora broad and flattened, twice as broad as their corre- sponding tibiae. Body moderately broad, with straight parallel sides ; the last segment three-quarters as broad apically as basally, the apical margin nearly straight, the sides well rounded. Pygidium minute, triangular. Forceps large and long, the basal two-fifths broad, equal, straight, simple, attingent, beyond falciform, much smaller, tapering to the middle of this portion, bej^ond it equal, the tip bluntly rounded and a little contracted (<?); comparatively slender, straight, parallel-sided at the extreme base, beyond tapering regularly by excision of the inner margin, the tip slightly incurved ami )luntly terminated ($).
Length of body excluding forceps, ^ 15.5"""; breadth of head, 2.3"'°'; of pronotum, 1.5°""; of combined tegmiiia, 4.5""; of abdomen, 3.8"""; length of forceps, <? 4.5""', ? 3.25""; breadth at base, <? l.'?5"", $ 0.8"".
The species has a more modern look than any of the others, and in none are the forceps more falciform, reminding one to some degree of For- ficula auricularia. It is named for Mr. G. K. Gilbert, of the U, S. Geolog- ical Survey.
Florissant Three specimens, Nos. 4736, 7352 (<?), 8782 ($).
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7. LilBIDUKOMMA EXSULATUM. PI. 16, Fig. 12 ( 9 ).
Head transversely obovate, only a little broader than long, the front considerably and triangularly produced, the hinder edge almost straight in the middle. Antennte barely reaching to the extremity of the tegmina, composed of ten joints, the first rounded obpyriform, nearly as broad as long, and not greatly stouter than the succeeding, the others cjdindrical, the second scarcely longer than broad, the third and fourth half as long again as broad, the fifth nearly and the sixth more than twice as long as broad, the seventh three times as long as broad, the remainder as long as the seventh, but increasing very slightly in slenderness to the tip, which is very bluntly rounded. All the joints are not shown in Fig. 12, which rep- resents the specimen in which the antennae are best preserved. Terminal joint of palpi about twice as Ijng as broad, equally rounded at each extrem- ity, about half as broad as the antenna?. Pronotum suborbiculai-, a little broader than long and somewhat narrower than t)ie head, the posterior margin well rounded. Tegmina together nearly twice as broad as the pro- notum, each twice as long as broad. Wings with the main rays continuous in direction in the outer half of the wing, the branches appended interiorly and not diverging strongly at base ; in the interior half widely forked, the forks continuously divergent. Legs moderately short, subequal, rather slender, the middle pair apparently inserted nearer the front than the hind pair, the tibiaB about half the width of the femora. Abdomen slender, with parallel sides in the inale, fullest beyond the middle in the female. Last segment similar to the penultimate and scarcely smaller, its posterior margin gently convex. Pygidium unapparent. Forceps about as long as the last three segments, laminate, nearly straight, directed backward, the basal third straight and equal, subattingent, the remainder tapering slightly and equally with a slight falcation to a blunt, sometimes slightly incurved tip (t?) ; or apparently somewhat stouter and coarser than in the other sex, straight, laminate, tapering throughout with no falcation ; only lateral views, how- ever, have been obtained (?).
Length of body, excluding forceps, c? 16..5°"", 9 15"""; breadth of head, (? 2 2'"'"; of pronotum, S 1.9"™; of combined tegmina, S i'/.f)""" ; of middle of abdomen, S 3.5"™, ? 4.25"" ; length of antenna}, 6™" ; of forceps, <? 4"", 5 3.25"" ; breadth at base, i 1 2"" ; at tip, <? 0.35"™.
OKTHOPTEEA— FORFICULARI^.
213
(>
Tliis species is closely related to L. gilberti, but may be distinguished, at least in the male, by the lesser falcation of the forceps. The legs, too, are shorter and smaller, and the joints of the antennas less numerous. The sexual difference in the form of the abdomen may be due to the mode of preservation, but is apparently real.
Florissant. Ten specimens, Nos. 9201, 11172 and 13002, 13549 (<?), 5503, 7707, 9442, 9967, 11521 and 13546, 13003, 13548 ($).
8. Labiduromma lithophilum. PI. 16, Fig. 19 (9).
Labiiura lithophila Scud. 'T. g. Qfil. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., II, 259-260 (1876).
A specimen from Florissant (sent me by A. E. Foote) and figured on the plate was formerly described by me in the following terms: It h a female ; the body is much flatter than that of Labidura tertiaria, the abdo- men being equal on a side view, and the whole surface appears to be minutely punctulate ; the form of the head can not be determined ; the anten- nae approach in length the body [the first joint nearly cylindrical, scarcely enlarging at the tip, about four times as long as broad]; the comparative or actual length of the succeeding joints can not be determined ; the prothorax has its hinder margin entire and flat ; the tegmina are a little longer than the prothorax, their hinder edge straight and apparently oblique ; the wings appear to have surpassed the tegmina ; the Ic^s are very short (especially the femora) and not stout ; the abdominal joints are of equal length ; tlie forceps are peculiar, having the appearance of being strongly bowed, although the specimen is a female ; they are very stout at the base, rapidly and regularly diminish in size on the basal half (which is about equal in length to two-thirds the last abdominal joint), beyond which they are equal, about half as stout as the base, apparently bent rather strongly inward, and very broadly rounded at the tip, a iorm of forceps I have never seen in any living earwig.
Length of body, including forceps, 14.5"'"'; of antennae, 11""™; prono- tum, 1.85"'"; tegmina, 2.5"™; hind femora, 1.8"'"; forceps, 2.25"".
'I'lie portion of the description included above in brackets has since been proved incorrect on closer study, and the whole of the antennae in Fig. 19 incorrect. The additional specimens are very imperfect and only servo to show the general resemblance of this species to the others of the series.
Florissant. Three bpecimens, Nos. 231, 316, 8837 (<J).
214
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
9. Labiduromma sp. PI. 10, Fig. 24.
A single specimen allowing the terminal half of the abdomen represents a species evidently distinct from the others by the form of the forceps ; but as a fair view of even these is not presented no name is attached. The specim -m sliows the side view with the ventral somites turned bacic so as to show the body in double its width. The forceps have the aspect of those of a female, and appear to be entirely simple, slender, cylindrical, tapering on the basal third and beyond equal, the tip apparently a little incurved.
Length of forceps, 2.3""" ; width (or depth), 0.25""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 5278.
10. Labiduromma infernum. PI. IG, Fig. 1 {$).
Head roundish, of about equal length and breadth. Pronotuni orbicular, apparently of the same width as the head. Tegmina twice as long as broad, together at least half as broad agam as the pronotum, the hin'I edge a little rounded, surpassed only a little by the folded wings. Legs moderately long, the middle and hind pairs subequal and considerably longer than the front pair, the femora about twice the breadth of the tibiae. Abdomen full, tapering posteriorly, the last segment a little longer than the others. For- ceps as long as the last three segments of the abdomen, slender, subequal, regularly arcuate, and bluntly pointed sit apex (s). The only specimen be- ing preserved on a side view a good opportunit}' is not afforded to determine upon the form of many of the parts. The sex is determinable by the num- ber of abdominal segments.
Length of body, excluding forceps, ll"™; of forceps, S"*".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 2604 (t?).
11. Labiduromma labens, PI. 16, Figs. 13, 16 ( 3 ), 0 (immature).
Head suborbicular, of about equal length and breadth, the posterior margin somewhat flattened, the mouth parts roundly and not very strongly produced, the eyes very large, occupying the entire breadth of the head, the margin being nearly continuous with the outer margin of the pruthorax.
II:
m
ORTHOPTEKA— BLATTARLE .
215
■i
Antennae rather stout, the basal joint stout and tapering, the second short, the third, fourth, and fifth subequal, the fourth as long as and the sixth longer than the tirst and cylindrical. Pronotum subquadrate, broadening a little and regularly from in front backward, the angles well rounded off, at its broadest a little narrower than the head, with a median impressed line. The specimens hardly show with certainty whether the species was winged or not, but there are some signs which can hardly be satisfactorily explained unless it were provided at least with tegmina and that the tegmina were obliquely truncate at the tip, so as to form an obtuse angle with each other when closed, the angle open backward. Metathorax considerably broader than the head. Legs rather short and rather slender, the tibiae more than half as broad as the femora. Abdomen rather long and slender, with parallel sides, of about the same width as the metathorax, the segments subequal, about three times as broad as long, the whole surface very weakly and distantly punctate. Tiie last segments, seventh to ninth, decrease rapidly in size, together forming a half circle, so round and regular is the curve of the ex- tremity of the body. There is a small, bluntly rounded pygidium. The forceps of the male are very slender, almost as slender as the antennae, cylindrical, equal nearly to the tip, about as long as the last five segments, the extreme base directed inward, beyond nearly straight and slightly di- vergent, the apical fourth incurving slightly and tapering a very little to a blunt point.
Length of body, excluding forceps, 10.25""" ; of forceps, 3.4"'"'.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 5004, 6318, 7118, 11674, 14471 (<?).
Family BLATTARI./E Latreille.
Although this group of Orthoptera is the most richly represented of all insects in the Paleozoic series, and has a great variety of forms in the Secondary rocks, most of which are much more nearly related to existing types than their predecessors of Carboniferous and Permian times, yet very few species, and those imperfectly preserved, are known from the Tertiaries. A few species occur in umber, and two or three others in various deposits. Only three species have been found in this co-ntry, and no one of them is well preserved. They all appear, however, to belong to American types, and to such as are now found only in the warmer regions. (June, 1884.)
216
TEIlTIAltY INaECVrS OF JSOltTH AMEKIOA.
PARALATINDIA Saussure.
This peculiur genus, wliich is nearly allied to the equally striking Latindia, and from whicli Saussure considers it should only be distinguished subgenerically, is known only by a single species from Mexico ; Latindia comes from Mexico and Brazil. The occurrence of a fossil of this group, di£fering considerably from the known species, is a curious fact.
Pabalatindia SAUSSL'KEI.
1 I
^ i
PI. 6, Fig. 25.
Prothorax concealing the head, smooth, well rounded, triangular, a little broader than L ng, broadest posteriorly, the hinder margin nearly straight, the front strongly convex, almost produced, the lateral angles rounded. Tegmina extending beyond the extremity of the abdomen by about the length of the pronotuin, together considerably broader than the pronotum, the costal margin pretty strongly arched. Mediastinal vein almost completely aborted, the scapular running parallel to the niargin in the basal half of the wing, and furnished from the very base with slightly oblique, frequent, distinct cross-veins running to the margin and forming rhoniboidal cells about twice as broad as long ; the next vein is connected witii the scapular by transverse, not oblique, tolerably distant cross-veins, and similar cross-veins appear more or less in the apical half of the wing. The oblique fold characteristic of this genus is clearly shown in the detached wing thrown partly forward, but the species differs from the living type in its greater size, considerably larger wingo the extreme brevity of the medi- astinal vein, and the frequent distinct and little oblique branches of the scap- ular vein ; nor is the pronotum in the least hairy.
Length of body, S.S""?; of pronotum, 1.85"""; breadth of same, 2.25""" ; length of tegmina, 5.2 >""■ ; breadth of overlapping tegmina at rest,
Named for the distinguished entomologist. Dr. Henri de Saussure, of Geneva, Switzerland.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Dr. A. S. Packard, No. 137.
I
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OKTHOPTEBA— BLATTABIJi:.
217
ZKTOBORA Burmeister.
This genus has not before been found fossil, and the species at hand in some particulars more nearly resembles a Blabera ; but its size accords so mu«;h better with the species of this genus that it would seem more properly placed here. Both Zetobora and Blabera are American types and charac- teristic of the warmer regions.
I
Zetobora brunneri. PI. 17, Fig. 12.
A species is indicated about the size of Z, monastica Sauss. It differs from the ordinary forms of Zetobora in the regular form of its pronotum, which resembles that of a Blabera, and is scarcely broader behind than in front, very broadly rounded in front, rounded and not angulate laterally, and a little less than half as broad again as long ; it is narrowly and delicately marginate but nowhere distinctly reflexed, perfectly smooth, and completely covers the orbicular head ; it is light colored but edged narrowly with black. The tegmina are thin and provided with closely approximate multitudinous dark veins ; their exact length can not be determined. The legs are moder- ately slender and show a few signs of delicate spines in such a way as to indicate that others not seen existed, and therefore nothing can be said of them.
Length of body, IT™"; of pronotum, 4.6™™; breadth of same, 6™"; length of tegm'na, 20"™?; of middle femora, 5™™.
Named for the distinguished orthopterologist. Dr. Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl, of Vienna.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5122.
HOMCEOGAMIA Burm.
A single fossil species is referre ' here, and it is interesting to find that one of the few species described fi'om the European Tertiaries has been re- ferred by Heer to Heterogamia, a name then used to include both Poly- pbaga and Homceogamia. The species of Homoeogamia are few in number and found only in the warmer parts of America.
218
lEKTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMBRIOA.
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HOMffiOQAMIA VENTBIUSA.
PI. 17, Fig. 8.
Homceoqamia ventriotut Hciiild., Dull. IT. 8. Qcol. Oeogr. Surr. Terr., I, p. 447 (1876).
The remains upon which tliis species is based consist of the apical por- tion of the ventral surface of an abdomen. Five segments are seen in nat- ural juxtaposition, showing that the apical portion of the abdomen was very regularly rounded, almost exactly semiinrcular, the terminal segment pro- 'senting no break in the regular continuity of the curve. This segment was ample, broader than long, and probably neither very tumid nor greatly keeled ; for in the present perfectly flattened condition of the fossil there is neither break nor folding of the integument ; the two segments following this are very strongly arched (the penultimate being semicinul.ir) and greatly contracted at the middle, so that this portion is not less than half as long as the lateral parts ; the anterior border of the antepenultimate segment is straight along the middle ; the segment anterior to this is also arched, though not strongly, is oppositely sinuate (as are to a less extent the seg- ments posterior to it), and also much contracted in the middle, so as to be less than half as long as at the sides ; while its predecessor is slightly arcu- ate in the opposite direction (j)robably exactly transverse in life), and equal or subequal throughout. All the segments are uniforndy, rather abundantly, and very delicately granulate throug hout. There is no trace of cerci, but the place where they should occur is too broken to assert that they did not exist externally ; still the conformation of this region would lead one to sup- pose that they must have been excessively minute, and perhaps altogether concealed within the segments, as in Cryptocercus Scudd.
Length of fragment, 8""°; width of same, 12.25"""; length of terminal segment, S.G"""; width of san o, 6.3™™; length of antepenultimate segment in the middle, 0.6™"; at thd sides, 1.85"'™.
I have referred this species to Homceogamia with some doubt ; on some accounts it would seem to be i.iore nearly allied to Polyphaga ; but as the specimen is too fragmentary to allow of more exact determination I have preferred to place it in the New World genus rather tha.i in its close ally, which is restricted to the Old World. Cockroaches of such large size are indigenous in warm climates only.
Florissant. One specimen, Mr. T. L. Mead, No. 8.
ORTHOPTERA— PHAHMIDA.
219
Family PHASMIDA Leach.
Fossils of this family are among the great raritieH. Yet they have been found even in carboniferous times, as has been abundantly shown by Brongniart. In a collection of over three thousand amber insects possessed by Menge a dozen only belonged to this family and represented three different genera. But excepting in amber, they have never before been recovered from Tertiary deposits. The single specimen tound at Florissant is not very far removed apparently from the curious amber genus Pseu- doperla, but is more nearly allied to forms peculiar to the warmer parts of America. (June, 1884.)
AGATHEMERA St&l.
This genus is composed of few and exclusively American species hav- ing a rather stout, compact, and brief form for Phasmida. All the genera in the inmiediate vicinity are also American, and none of them have before been found fossil.
Agathemera reclusa.
PI, 17, Fig. 11.
The brevity of the legs, aborted condition of the orguns of flight short mesothorax, and comparatively stout abdomen not tapering apically make it tolerably certain that the species here found fossil belongs to the group formerly classed in Anisomorpha, and is more nearly related to Agath- emera than any other known genus. The head is quadrate, stout, a little longer than broaJ ; the pronotum is composed of a larger quadrate piece, narrowing rapidly in front of the insertion of the legs, posterior to the con- traction about equally broad and long, but with it half as long again as broad ; mesothorax a little broader posteriorly than in front and twice as broad as the head, bearing tegmina with rounded tips just reaching its posterior margin, the segment of equal length and breadth and a little longer than the other segments of the thorax ; metathorax tapering apically, nearly as long as its greatest breadth, but shorter than the mesothorax, and bearing small functionless wings, not surpassing its borders. A slight raised median line qn the front half of the thorax. Abdomen stout, enlarg- ing a little in the posterior half, all the segments broader than long by about an equal amount. The last segment of the abdomen is not preserved,
220
TKRTIAUY INHi;C)T8 OF NO'iTII AMERICA.
'■ I
but tlio specimen would appenr to be a mule. The legs are niocb'nitely Btout, the hind i'omom reaching to about the tip of the fourth alulominal Hegmont.
Length of body, 20""" ; of head, l.S"" ; of pronotum, 2.75'""' ; of meab- notum, 3"""; of metanotum, 2.fi"'"' ; breadth of head, 1.25™"', of pronotum, 1.75"'"'; of mesonotum, 3'"'"; length of fore and middle femora, 8.25"'"'; of hind femora, 4.75'""' ; of hind tibiju, 5"'"".
Florissant One specimen, No. 5817.
:1'
Family ACRIDII Serville.
Only ten Acridii have been published as found in the European Ter- tiaries and most of these belong to the Gi^dipodidaj or liave been placed there. The exceptions are Gidipoda nigrofasciolata Heer, Gomphocerus femoralis Heer and Acridiuin barthelemyi Hope which are probably Trux- alidie, and Tetrix gracilis Hoer which is certainly a Tettigidea. The six species we have found in America are all Truxalidic and (Edipodida), so that all but one of the known species belong to these two groups, the ffidi- podidffi having half as many again as the Truxalida) in general, though the two groups are ecjually represented in America. It is not a little remarkable that no Acrididic proper have been found fossil. This group has a vast development in the United States, and together with Phynia- tidai and Pamphagidaj, likewise totally unrepresented, is oven richer in trop- ical regions. The subfamily best represented may be considered more than any other a denizen of the temperate regions. (July, 1884.)
■tf
Si «!;-
m
Subfamily TRTJXALID^E St&l.
Nearly a third of the known fossil Acridii belong tr this group, and, as stated above, it contains one-half of the America n species. The reference of Acridium barthelemyi Hope from Aix to this gr jup is, however, somewhat doubtful, the species being imperfectly described. CEdipoda nigrofasciolata Heer from Radoboj seems to belong here rather than to the Qlldipodidae, for the vena intercalata is wholly absent and its close resemblance to the large subtropical genus Scyllina Stal renders it probable that it belongs to that group ; a new resemblance is thereby discovered between the Radoboj fossils and types of the warmer parts of America. (July, 1884.)
ORTHOPTE U A— ACRI DII.
221
TYRBULA gen. nov. (Tvp/Srf).
TliiH immo Ih propoHed for ii group of Truxulidic evidently falling in closi) proximity to Syrbnla Still, having linear antennic, enlarged npically, and hind tii)ia' well provided with npineH. The antenn»»' are more diHtinetly (•,lul)bed tliau in Syrbula, the club being about twice the diameter of the stalk, composed of seven or eight joints of which the last two are very small, forming a rapidly tapering tip. The head is less prominent than in Syrbula and the eyes considerably smaller, being considerably shorter than the in- fraocidar parts of the cheeks ; otherwise the general aspect of the insect is the same. The genicidar lobes are as in Syrbula. The hind tibia', are abun- dantly spined, in one species even much more abundantly than in Syrbula.
Table of the ipemei of Tgrbula.
8|iini>ii of hind tibiu) exoeedlnf;ly nnnierous, their basal halt hardly tapering
Spines of bind tibiai loss nninerons, tapering uniformly throughout
...1. T. multiapinota. 2. T. rutnelU.
■ 1. TyKBULA M1JLTI8PIN08A. PI. 17, Fig. 13.
This species is represented mainly by fragments of hind wings and hind legs. Of the former nothing more can be said than that they appear to have had a faint smoky tinge with numerous black, delicate veins, and that when closed they extended a very little beyoud the tip of the abdomen. The hind legs are long, moderately slender, the tibiic armed with exceptionally numerous spines which are blackish, of uniform width to beyond the middle, and then tapering, mainly by the excision of the under edge, giving them a slightly upturned appearance, five or six times longer than their breadth at the middle, and so closely set that the interspaces and the spines are of equal breadth ; they decrease in length very regularly toward the base of the tibia and to a slight extent toward the apex ; but just how many there are or how far they extend toward the base the imperfect nature of the only specim'^n preserving the tibia forbids determining ; it seems probable, how- ever, that the number exceeds twenty-five. The specimen from Florissant, preserving the femur, is placed here because its size agrees perfectly with the other specimens and its form indicates the relationship. If it is correctly placed, the femur is stouter and less delicately attenuated than in the next species.
222
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Length of femur, 1 7.5"" ; breadth of same, 3.5"" ; length of hind wings, 23.5'"''- ; of longest tibial spines, 0.8"".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 138 and 140, Dr. A. S. Packarrl; No. 51, Prof. L. A Lee. Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 1 4720, collected by Miss C. H. Blatchford.
'
2. TyRBULA RD88ELLI. PI. 17, Figs. 1-4.
A couple of excellently preserved specimens, exhibiting a side view, show most of the body, the antennae, closed tegmina with underlying wings, front and hind legs, and part of the middle legs. The head is not very prominent, with rounded vertex, moderately full retreating front, eyes rather small, superior, oval, considerably shorter than thj distance from their lower edge to the base of the mandibles ; the antenufe are nearly half as long as the body, straight, very slender, the apical fifth expanding to a club of twice the diameter of the stalk, the middle joints of which (Fig. 1) are nearly twice as broad as long and microscopically densely punctate. The prono- tum is twice as long as the head, the posterior lobe not projecting very far; the tegmina are slender, broadly rounded apically, reaching when closed the til) of the abdomen. The legs are all very slender and delicate, the front femora not much stouter than the ♦ibiae, the fore and middle tibiae with a double row of delicate, short, rather frequent spines. The hind femora scarcely reach so far as the closed tegmina, but are slender and graceful, with the middle external field well defined by superior and inferior cariiijie or angles, with indications of having been twice annulate with narrow, dusky bands in the distal half, the outer annulus midway between the inner and the apex ; hind tibia; fully as long as the femora, very slender, armed with a large number (about eighteen to twenty) of delicate tapering spines, considerably longer than the width oi the tibiae, but more distant (Fig. 4) than in the preceding species ; they are much broken in the specimens. Tarsi with delicate crowded spines.
Length of body, 23""; of pronotum, 4.5"™ ; of antennae, 10""; width of club, 0.4"" ; length of tegmina, 18"" ; width of same, 2.7"" ; length of fore femora, 5.5"" ; fore tibise, 5.25'"" ; hind femora, 14.5""; width of hind femora, 2""; length of longest tibial spine, 0.5™".
ORTHOPTBEA— ACEIDII.
223
^
Florissant. Two specimens, both apparently females, No. 14175, and the one figured, the latter obtained by Mr, Israel C. Russell, of the L. S. Greological Survey, for whom the species .is r ^med.
GOMPHOCERUS Thunberg.
Heer describes a species of this genus from Oeningen. It is of small size, like most of those of temperate America and Europe, while the species here provisionally referred to it is very much larger. I have also seen a species from Aix, labeled as a Gomphocerus by Heer, which may, perhaps, be more nearly allied to Leptysnia or Arnilia. Gomphocerus and its nearer allies are rather characteristic of, or at least are at present better known from, temperate regions, and are found around the entire globe. (July, 1884.)
Gomphocerus abstrusus.
PL 17, Pig. 6.
This species is placed here because of its general affinities as indicated by the front half of the body, which, as seen on a side view, is all that is preserved. It does not seem, on several accounts, to belong in the genus, but it plainly comes near it. The head is large and protuberant, with a prominent ve; tex, sharply angled as seen on a side view, with a rounded, retreating face. Antenr^ae slender, very slightly enlarged to a faint elon- gated club at the apex, nearly reaching to the tip of the pronotum. The 'atter short, with quadrate deflected lobes, the inferior margin straight. Tegmina large, dusky, with the interspaces 'letween the longitudinal veins broken at base by straight cross-veins into pretty regular square or sub- quadrate cells.
Length of fragment, 21""" ; of head, 4.5"'" ; length of face, 5.5""' ; length of antennae, S"" ; of pronotum, 5'"™ ; height of same, 4""'.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 635 and 11736.
Subfjamily CEDIPODII^.^ StM.
To this subfamily belong most of the fossil Acridii and half of the American species. Heer in his Tertiiirgebilde and his Urvvelt der Schv.-jiz describes half a dozen species from Oeningf n and Radoboj, referring them all to the old genus CEdipoda. Serres mentions a species from Aix which
mummfW
r
224
TEBTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEKICA.
:i:
pi,
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he compares to (Edipoda coerulescens, and I have seen an undescribed form from Aix in the hands of M. Oustalet which is apparently allied closely to Cliimarocephala. Of the Radoboj species described by Heer, O. nigrofas- ciolata, as stated above, is probably a Scyllina and not an oedipodid. O. melanosticta is perhaps an Hippiscus, and O. haidingeri a Dissosteira, or certainly very close to it. Of the Oeningen species which Heer describes, O. fischeri looks somewhat like a Chimarocephaia, and O. germari (not described) is said by Heer to belong near Pachytylus. O. oeningensis is too obscure to say that it belongs in this family. The larger part of the European species would therefore seem to have decided American affinities, Chimarocephaia, Dissosteira, and Hippiscus being distinctively American.
Of the American species, one is referred to (Edipoda only in «, general sense ; the two others belong \o new genera, one near the end, the other next the end of the series, in the vicinity of Chimarocephaia and Encopto- lophus, American genera.
The family finds its greatest development in the north temperate regions of the world, and is remarkably abundant in forms in North Amer- ica, and particularly in the warmer and more arid parts of the United States. (July, 1884.)
NAliiTHACIA gen. nov. (Nanthace+ffrasshopner, Otoe).
This name is proposed for a genus of CEdipodidaj which is allied to Encoptolophus, but in which the upper ulnar vein of the preanal area of the hind wings does not extend nearly to the margin of the wing but ter- minates before the middle, as it does in the tegmina, in a foi*k which extends above to the radial and below to the lower ulnar vein.
Nanthacia torpida.
A single specimen of this has been recovered, showing a hind wing only, in which the anal area is closed and the j)reanal almost fully exposed. The principal radial vein runs in close proximity to the costal margin, and it is connected with the veins above by very short cross-veins, and near the tip of the wing by a stigma, as in Encoptolophus. It has two principal ob- lique forks, the itmer arising only a little within the middle of the wing and terminating on the ulnar a little before the outer margin, the other arising rather less than a third ^i the way from the former to the apex and ter-
t
1
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OETHOPTBRA— ACRIDII.
225
f
minating in the middle of the apical margin ; the interspaces above the lat- ter fork, above the base of the former and the postradial area, are filled with frequent stout and straight cross-veins, while the interspace betwee.i the radial branches is filled by more distant, often oblique, straight veins, form- ing squarish cells. The membrane appears to have been hyaline and the veins and cross-veins distinct and black.
Length of wings, 22"""; breadth of preanal area, 2.35"""'.
Florissa t. One specimen, No. 9100.
a:DIP01)A Latreille.
A number of European species have been referred to this genus, but only in a broad sense, and, as I have stated above under the family, may most of them be more definitely placed. Here, however, must fall both 0. oeningensis Heer and the American species described below, as belonging to the genus in its widest sense, and the Aix species mentioned by Serres may also probably find a place here, as Serres compares it to the type of the genus. In its most limited sense the genus is confined to the Old World. (July, 1884.)
(Edipoda pk^focata.
PI. 17, Fig. 5,
The single specimen found represents the basal half of a hind wing overlying a similar part of an obscure front wing. By the venation and markings it appears to belong to the CEdipodidai, but it is too imperfect to judge more closely of its affinities. The wing was a large one, fuliginous, with at least three parallel and equidistant curving rows of paler (or brighter) markings in the form of rather narrow bands, the middle one apparently in the middle of the wing the broadest and discontinuous, cross- ing most of the wing ; the inner one, midway between this and the base, narrower and crossing the upper half or less of the wing. In the anal urea the intercalary veins run far ir^ toward the base of the wing, and in the outer half become broken into two or even more, so that several rows of cells lie between the anal rays next the outer portion of the wing.
Length of fragment, 23"'"' ; probable length of wing, 30""" ; its proba- ble breadth, 18""" ; breadth of tegmina, 4°'"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 7389. VOL xiii 15
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TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
TAPHACRIS gen. nov. {edTrroo, dnp/?).
This peculiar genus appears to fall in the Eremobida; or near this group of (Edipodidaj, the intercalary vein of the tegmina being absent, but it does not agree with any of the known genera of that tribe. The head is large and well rounded, smooth; the vertex of moderate width, the eyes large, not prominent ; antennae cylindrical, uniform, slender, not reaching the extremity of the short pronotum. Pronotum stout, rather short, very slightly and regularly expanding from in front backward, the lobes of equal length, the anterior divided in the middle by a second transverse incision, the very slig!\t median carina not extending to its anterior half, which is produced and angulate; tip of pronotum obtusely angulate. Tegmina longer than abdomen, the costal area broad at base but not convex ; the simple subexternomedian arises in the middle of the wing and the oxter- nomedian vein has five branches beyond it, with simple cross-veins in the interspaces and no reticulation ; there is no intercalary vein ; the interno- median vein terminates just before the origin of the subexternomedian in a large, triangular cell (surrounded by irregular reticulation), from the lowsr angle of which springs a broad fork, the inner branch of which terminates at the end of the short anal vein far within the middle of the wing. The wings are as long as the tegmina, the pre anal portions repeating closely, especially in the branches of the externomedian vein, the characteristics of the tegmina.
Taphacr!8 reliquata.
PI. 12, Pigs. 8, 1».
The vertex is a little less than half the width of one of the eyes, as seen from above. Antennae composed of about thirty-two joints, each about twice as long as broad, the whole reaching close to the tip of the pronotum. Pronotum slightly longer than its greatest breadth. Tegmina slender and nearly equal, the scapular vein closely approaching the costal margin at about three-fifths the distance from the base, the mediastinal terminating at about two-fifths the distance, the area above it forming a regular triangle broad at base and gradually narrowing, filled with oblique, but toward the base rather irregular, veins. The tegmina appear to have been more or less obscurely testaceous, and perhaps more or less blotched, but the veins are
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distinctly marked ; the wings are also testaceous along the costal-margin, but elsewhere hyaline with blackish veins and no sign of intercalary veins between the anal rays.
Length of body, 33.5'"°' ; of head, 2.5""" ; of antenna), 9""™ ; of pronotum, 7.5"""'; of tegmina, 30.5""; breadth of head, 4.5""; of pronotum in front, 5™"; behind, 8.75""; of middle of tegmina, 4"".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 404 and 4643 ($), 7507.
Family LOCUSTARI^ Latreille.
Like the Acridii, this family of Orthoptera is not well represented in the Tertiary rocks ; no specimens of either have been found in amber, ex- cepting a few larva: of this family. Yet almost all of the larger subfamilies are present both in Europe and America. The Gonocephalidte, however, which are represented in America by two species, have none in Europe, and per contra, the Decticidae, which have three species in Europe, do not occur in America. Two of the European species can not be placed, Locustites maculata Heer from Parschlug and Decticus exstinctus Germ., from the Rhenish coal. Ten species, including two referred to only by generic names, have been found in the European Tertiaries, and five in America, besides indications of others. Unlike the Acridii, the European and Ameri- can species show few points in common, the species which are referred to the same subfamilies being widely separated. (July, 1884).
Subfamily PHYLLOPHORIE).E StM.
The only European species of this group, which is best represented in warm, temperate, and tropical countries, is Phaneroptera vetusta Heer from Oeningen, and it is widely distinct from the single American species referred here. (July, 1884.)
LITHYMNETES Scudder.
Lithymiietea Soiidd., Bull. U. 8. Ge<il. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 532-533 (1878).
A stout-bodied genus of Phyllophorida), probably belonging near Steiro- don, but differing from the entire series into which Steirodon and its allies fall in the great length of its ovipositor, which is at least as long as the abdomen ; while in Steirodon and its allies, so far as I know them, it is seldom more than two or three times as long as broad ; it is also peculiar
228
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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in the disposition of the principal radial branch of the tegmina. The head is hxrge, full, well rounded; the eye small, almost circular, its longer diameter at right angles to the extremity of the vertex. The proiiotum shows no sign of having its lateral borders cristate or even crenulate, but this may be due to imperfect preservation of the single specimen at hand, on which it is impossible to determine the form of the late. .1 lobes. Teg- mina much longer than the body, densely reticulated, very ample, expand- ing at the very base, so as to be nearly equal before the extremity ; this is destroyed, but is evidently formed some'vliat, p.nd perhaps exactly, as in the Steiro Ion series, since it tapers on either border, but more rapidly on the inner than on the costal margin, its curve indicating that the apex of the wing is above, and probablj' considerably above, the middle. The scapular vein, in the middle of the basiil half of the wing, curves strongly toward the costal margin, nearly reaching it beyond the middle of the same, and thence following nearly parallel and in close proximity to it ; in the broader part of the costal area, beyond the subcostal vein (which acts in a similar man- ner), it emits three or four branches, the larger ones of which fork and, with the branches of the subcostal vein, strike the costal border at equal distances apart ; all these branches are straight, and are connected by irregular, weaker cross-veins, while the interspaces are filled with a still weaker, dense mesh- work. The externomedian vein, parallel to and sepa- rated distinctly from the preceding, emits the principal branch where the scapular curves upward ; this branch continues the basal «;Ourse of the ir.3in vein, is straight, forkc at about the middle of the wing, each fork again branching at a little distance beyond, the branches of the upper fork strik- ing the border of the wing where it seems probable the apex falls ; all the branches of this fork curve a little, but only a little, downward ; the second branch of the externomedian vein is emitted shortly before the middle of the wing, and does not reach the margin, dying out shortly beyond the middle of the wing. The subexternomedian vein runs above the middle of the remaining portion of the discoidal area, and emits four inferior branches, at subequal distances, the first of which forks and the second originates opposite the principal branch of the externomedian vein. Apparently the anal area is pretty long. Wings apparently extending beyond the tegmina. The legs are short, slender, the fore tibia; apparently furnished with a moderately broad obovate foramen, the hind tib'je of equal size throughout.
ORTIIOPTE R A— liOC USTARI^.
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slightly longer than the hind femora, and the latter scarcely extending beyond the abdomen. Ovipositor long, broad, saber-shaped, a little up- curved.
This is one of the largest Tertiary Locustariae known, if not the largest.
LiTHVMNETES GUTTATU8.
PI. 17, Figs. 14, 16.
Lithymnetea guttalut Scndd.. Ball. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 533-534 (1878).
This is the largest insect I have seen from the Tertiary shales of Flor- issant, and is remarkable for the markings of the tegmina, which are covered throughout (with the possible exception of the anal area and the extreme base of the wing, which are obscure) with minute, circular, equidistant, pale spots, situated between the nervules ; they have a mean diameter of half a millimeter, and a mean distance apart of one and a half millimeters. The head is full and regularly rounded on a side view, with no prominences. The antennsE appear to have the usual structure, but the second joint is small, and the thickness of the joints above the front of the prothorax is 0.4.5""", already diminishing to O-S"" at the posterior border of the same ; they are broken shortly beyond this point, so that t'leir length can not be determined. The mean diameter of the eyes is scarcely more tlian one-third the shortest length of the genae. The costal margin of the tegmina is gently convex, with a regular curve throughout, or until close to the tip ; the inner margin has a similar tliough slighter convexity ; the principal branch of the externomedian vein passes through the middle of the wing. The legs are all slender, the hind femora very slight, but little incrassated toward the base, the hind tibiae slender, equal throughout, armed at tip with a pair of small, moderately stout, black-tipped spurs, the hind tarsi about two-fifths the length of the tibiae, the claw very slight. Ovipositor broad, gently curved, at least as long as the hind tibiae, of nearly equal size upon the part preserved.
Length of body (excluding ovipositor), 37°""; depth of head, 12.5"""; larger diameter of eye, 1.85"'"'; shorter, 1.35°'"'; distance from lower edge of eye to upper edge of mandibles, 4""' ; length of preserved part of tegmina, 45.5"'"' ; probable lengtli of same. 55*""" ; distance from base of tegmina to front of head, 13"'"' ; from same to base of principal branch of externomedian
230
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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vein, 14.5""" ; breadth of tegmirui in middle, Ifi"'"'; lengtli offore femora,* g"""; middle femora', 10"'"'; liind femora, li*"'"'; fore ti'jia-, !t.5"""; middle tibia?, 10.5'"'" ; hind tibia;, 21'""' ; fore tarsi, 7""" ; hind tarsi, 8""" ; apical spurs of hind tibia;, 1.75"""; claw of hind tarsi, 0.!)'""'; greatest breadth of hind femora, 3"'"'; length of ovipositor (broken), \H"'"; breadth at base, 3"""; at a distance of 14""" from base, 2.35'""'.
The Hpecimen is preserved on a side view, with the left (upper) tegmen and the ovipositor drooping, the other parts in a natural attitude, the legs drooping.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 11557 (?).
Subfamily PSEUDOPHYLLID.^ Burmeister.
The Tertiary species described by Heer from Greenland under the name of Liocusta groenlandica falls probably in this famil)'; but there is no close connection between it and the American species described below. The distribution of the family at the present day is in general similar to that of the last named. (July, 1884.)
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CYMATOMERA Schaum.
This tropical or subtropical Old World genus dcf not properly find a representative in the American rocks, but the species here described, too imperfect for separate diagnosis, appears to fall in its near vicinity and is consequently referred here provisionally. No fossil species is known.
Cymatomera maculata.
Pi. 17, Fig. 7.
A couple of spotted fragments from near the base of the tegmina of a locustarian are placed here provisionally, because they agree better with the group represented by that genus than with any other, though they plainly can not belong to Cymatomera in any strict sense. The better of the two fragments shows the base of a broad wing, with dark brownish, lon- gitudinal veins, spreading widely, and the spaces between them or their branches broken by very frequent, long cross-veins into short but very deep quadrangular cells, while the whole surface, largely independent of the_
■ There is some doubt about thene ineasnrementg, the basal portions being obscure.
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OBTHOPTEBA— LOCUSTARI^.
281
cells and even of th3 veins, is heavily blotched with irregular spots of paler or deeper brown. The largest and deepest of the spots is central, following the here approximated radial and ulnar veins.
Length of the Iragnient, 8.5""" ; breadth of the same (probably nearly the breadth of the base of the wing), 12.5""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1 724, 2844.
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Subfamily CONOCEPHAI.ID.^ StSl.
Although unknown in the European Tertiaries, this subfamily of locus- tarians, pretty well developed in the southern half of the United States, and far more so than in Europe, is represented by two forms from the Tertiaries of Florissant, not distantly allied to forms still existing in our country. (July, 1884.)
ORCHELIMUM ServiUe.
This genus, not before found fossil, and represented in North America by a considerable number of species, especially in the warmer portions of the United States, is found in the shales of Florissant, a large species hav- ing been disinterred. In its broad sense the genus is widely distributed over the globe, but in a narrower one, in which our fossil will fall, it is, I believe, peculiar to America. (July, 1884.)
Oechelimum placidum.
PI. 17, Figs. 16 ( 5 ), 18, 19 ( « ).
Though obscurely defined, especially in the very parts which are necessary to examine for close determination, the specimens at hand have so clearly the aspect of an Orchelimum that we may safely consider them as belonging to that modern genus, which St&l unites with Xiphidium. The species is a very large one, larger even than O. concinnum Scudd., which is the largest known to me, and has the angulated fastigium (seen on a side view) and retreating face characteristic of the genus. The folded tegmina and wings extend some distance beyond the abdomen, and the ovi- positor, which is well preserved and permits one to see that the upper and lower blades are of equal length, is peculiar for its length and bluntness of tip. It is also much slenderer than in O. concinnum and less curved, in which respects it approaches Xiphidium.
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TEltTIAUV INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
r.ongtli of l)o(ly, ? .'U'""', ? 2H"""; of tojfniiiiii, ? 29"""; of liind femur,
<? 21V : of ovii)OHitor, 16"""; l)ii!adth of latter in inid<lk«, 1.1'
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. l.'J551 (,?), 7748 and 13550 (?).
LO(!USTA Limit'.
This genus, wliich occurs in the Old and New Worlds alike, but in the New World only in the western portion of our country, has never before been found fossil, several species referred to Locusta belonging elsewhere. Lo(!U8ta groinlandica, as stated, is probably one of the Pseudophyllida', and the Locusta mentioned by Serres as found at Aix is, to judge from his ref- erence, one of the Decticida*. A single form has ])een found at Florissant not unlike the living species. (July, 1884.)
Locusta silens. PI. 17, Figs. 9, 10.
A single specimen showing the base of the abdomen, with a side view of the folded wings and tegmina and a portion of the hind femur, indicates a species of true Locusta about as large as L. occidentalis Thom. from Cali- fornia. The arrangement of the veins in the tegmina, though confused by the overlapping of the wings, is nevertheless distinctly that of Locusta proper; this does not aj)pear in the plate, where the mediastinal and internomedian nervules are not shown, and the scapular vein made to do duty as the costal margin. The wings were apparently obscurely griseous and perhaps longi- tudinally streaked as in the recent species mentioned. The hind femora were slender just as in Locusta, but along the middle of the outer face in the thickest portion is a distinct though very delicate carina showing in some parts, as in Fig. 9, a very delicate spinulation. The modern species mentioned has no mid-lateral carina.
Length of tegmina, 42"'"'; width of same, 7'"'"; probable length of hind femora, 32"""; width of same, 3.5""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7544.
Subfamily GRYI.LACRIDIDJE St&l.
This family has been supposed to have a great antiquity, but this may
be doubted, since I have shown elsewhere that several of the species from
Carboniferous deposits referred here belong rather to the neuropteroid series.
We find, however, several Tertiary species referred here, two from Radoboj,
oirrnopTK u a— loc utsta u i . i;.
233
Gryllacris churperitieri lloor and (J. uiigori Heor, as well as a rofereiurcj to the gonuH by Capelllni of a specioH found in the Italian TortiarieH. A single American species has been found. (July, 1884.)
GRYLLACRIS Servillo.
All the Tertiary niembora of the family have boon referred loosely to this genus, and it is with the sanjo looseness, necessary from its imperfect state, that the single Florissant species is also referred to it. The presence of this form at Florissant is indicative of a much warmer climate than found at present in that latitude. (July, 1884.)
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Gbyllacris cinebis.
PI. 17, Fig. 17.
Though no Gryllacris proper and differing considerably oven from the fossil species whicii have been referred here, the only specimen is too obscure to speak very positively of its affinities. The insect is of very stout form, the head large, appressed, flattened behind, convex in front, the eye tolerably large, twice as long as deep; the thorax stout, the abdomen very stout, full, tapering apically, the legs rather small, the tegmina and wings moderately ample, about as long as the body. Tegmina with a neai'ly straight costal margin, a prominent shoulder near the base, the tip well rounded and a little produced, the inner margin rather full ; the medi- astinal veins with their fan-like distribution occupy the basal third of the costal border; the scapular vein terminates on the same margin a little before the tip, and emits equidistant, parallel, ojlique, superior branches throughout its course ; the externomedian runs parallel to the former; in the latter half cf the wing it emits inferior, longitudinal, parallel branches which occupy the whole tip of the wing, and from before the middle a sin- gle branch with one or two superior nervules parallel to the others ; the nervules below this have also a longitudinal direction, but their attachments are obscure. The neuration of the hind wing is similar, but the mediastinal and scapular areas are excessi'' ily narrowed, while the lower areas are expanded as in most orthopterous hind wings. The plate is in eiTor in making the terminal portion of the externomedian vein branch from the scapular vein.
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234 TKirriARY insects op NORTTT AMERICA.
Length <»f hotly, 25"""; of head, 3"""; depth of samo, fJ™"' ; length of tegmiim, 27""" ; himdtli of mune, S.S""' ; of wing, 11.5""". FlonHHuut. One Hpocinien, Noh. 4499 and 4642.
liOCtlHTARI.K Hp.
Among tlio Ortliopforn noticed in tlio Green River Hhales is a tibia and fragment of tlie attached fonuir of what i.s apparently the middle leg of a LocnHtarian al)oiit the size of a IMiylloptera.
Green River, Wyoming. No. 152.M3.
Family GRYLLIDES Latreille.
Fossil species of this fiimily are not numerous; only a single species has been fully described from amber, and a second figured from Oeningen. At Aix, Jiowever, tiiey appear to be tolerably abundant, for Serres men- tions no less than seven species, of which two are Gryllotalpai (Heer also mentions a Gryllotalpa from Oeningen), one a Xya, while he compares the four othe; s to species of CE(^anthus, Gryllus, and Nemobius. Heer's Oen- ingen ''pecies is probjibly a Nemobius and the amber species one of tlie Trigonidii.' We bive also seen a couple of species of Nemobius from Aix in the hands of M. Oustalet at Paris. Our own species, three in number, all appear to belong in close proximity to one another and to the Gryllidiu pro))er, but require for their proper elucidation to be classed in a distinct genus. They all come, curiously, from the Green River beds. (June, 18S4.)
PRONEMOBIUS gen. nov. (rrpd, Nemobius, nom. gen.).
Having the facies of Nemo1)ius, but with the hind femora entirelj' devoid of spines, or even serrulations. Tiie species seem to differ considerably in certain points, but as they all agree in this particular, which is unique, not only in this tribe, but among Gryllides generally, they are placed together.
The species may be separated as follows :
Table <>/ ihc lyiecies of Pronemohiui.
Hiud femora large, exceeding 10""" in length 1. P. iii4urattt>.
Hiud fer.oraHnmll or medium slzvtl, leHx tliuii ti""" in length.
Hind femora hairy 2. P. tertiariui.
Hind femora smooth 3. P. amithii.
' The hiud tibiu) must certainly be represented as shorter than they should be, as in other respects the representation appears to bo that of a Cyrtoxiphns, in which (as in all Trigonidii) the hind tibiee are very nearly as long as or longer than the hind femora.
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ORTIIorTEUA-OKYM.IDES.
1. PRONEMOBIUS INDURATIIS.
235
PI. 6, Fiif. 18.
Tiiis species, much the largest of the three here described, is repre- sented by two hind legs iind a portion of one of the tegniina, found in prox- imity to one of the legs. The wing, shown in the lignro, has a ])orti(tn of the costal field displayed on the left with three or four parallel veins curving toward the margin, one of them forked — an unusual (lircunistancc ; and on the right the larger portion of the basal half of tlui dorsal field, where the simplicity and flowing course of the veins, in which no tynipanum is constructed, indicates a female. The neuration, however, is very differ- ent from the prevailing simple type of the Gryllida; proper and much more closely resembles that of the (Iryllotalpidfe or of some Kneopteridnj, the oblique veins of the middle of the wing, whose course is toward the lateral margin of the field, being offshoots of a couple of basal veins whose obliquity is toward the inner margii The hind femoia are rather slenderer than usual among Gryllidae, but not so slender as in the Eneoptcrida; and allied subfamilies, rather sparsely hairy above and with the juter face dusky, and marked by pale, oblique lines. The hind tibia is present in only one speci- men and a little incomplete, so that one can not say whether it is longer or shorter than the femur ; it is uniforndy and rather sparsely haired throughout.
Length of fragment of wing, 7""" ; of hind femur, 11-12""" ; breadth of same, 3.25""" ; of fragment of hind tibia, 8.5""" ; breadth of same, 0.9™"*.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 136, 139, Dr. A. S. Packard.
2. Pronemobius tertiarius.
PI. 0, Figs. 13, 21, 23. Nemoiim terliariua Scudd., Bull. U, S. Geol. Goo«r. Snrv. Terr., IV, 774 (1878).
This species was first described from legs only, by which it was judged that the insect must have been rather smaller than our common Nemobius vittatus (Harr.), its hind femur being 7°"" long, broad, and stoiit, especially near the base, where it measures 2.1™™; its upper half is covered with ex- ceedingly delicate, recumbent hairs directed backward ; there are also a few hairs upon the slender hind tibia, which is broken just where it begins to enlarge, showing signs of the upper spines ; this portion is about three-
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TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
foiirtlis the leugtli of the femur. The front femur and tihia, which are each only 2.25""" long, also indicate a 8mali species, and one that is unusually free from spines, no hairs even being discernible on this front leg.
Sinoe then other and more perfect specimens have come to hand, in- cluding some a little larger, showing its size to be about that of the recent species referred to. The body has the same general form. The head seems to be a little longer in proportion to its breadth, the eyes perhaps a little smaller, the basal joint of antennae the same. The pronotum is of the same foriTi, but both head and pronotum are only sparsely clothed with very short hairs. All the winged specimens are females, and the tegmina are about three-quarters the length of the abdomen, much more delicately constructed than in Nemobius, the vein.s being more frequent and much slenderer ; on the costal field they run perfectly parallel at a slight angle from the lateral angle between the fields ; on the dorsal field they are less numerous, heavier, straight, and parallel, but more frequent and weaker than in Nemobius vit- tatus. The wings are fully half as long again as the abdomen. The ovi- positor is short, not reaching to the wing tips, slender, and straight. The hind femora are shaped as in Nemobius, hairy, the hind tibijc shorter thh,n tho femora, enlarging a little toward the tip, and hairy, but without a trace of spines ; tho hind tarsi are about half as long as the tibifc, the first joint longer than the others combined, all of them cylindrical.
Length of body, 9.5'""' ; tegmina, (i'"'" ; wings, 9.5"'"' ; ovipositor, 3.5"'"' ; h:.id femur, 5'"'"; hind tibia, 4.5'"'"; hind tarsi, 2.5'"'".
Green Rivyr, Wyoming. Seven specimens, Nos. 18, 20 (collected by F. C. A. Riciiardson) ; 418>i (collected by S. II. Scudder) ; and Nos. ia5, 141, 142 and 144, 143 (collected by Dr. A. S. Packard).
3. PrONEMOBiUS 8M1THU. r' 6, Fig. 22.
Two specimens of this species are preserved, one sliowing a side view of the whole body, the other a nearly ventral view of the hinder half; both appear to be females, but the hinder portion of the abdomen is lost with the ovipositor, the length of which can not be determined, unless some obscure marks behind one of the specimens are to be considered as indicating that it was short as in P. tertiarius. The head as seen on a side view is as long as the pronotu^n, like which it is very delicately, almost imperceptibly,
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scabrous and hairless ; the eyes are sm.ill, scarcely more than one-fourtii the diameter of the head ; the te^mina less than twice as long as the pro- notum ; the wings very long, reaching twice as far as the tips of the hind femora ; the hind legs unusually slender and smooth, neither femora nor tibiae being even hairy ; the tibia; are not enlarged at their extremity, and the hind tarsi are about half as stout as the tibiae, with a long basal joint.
Length of body as preserved, 7"""; probable entire length, 8.5"""; length of pronotum, l.G"" ; of hind wings, 8.5°"" ; of hind femora, 3.5"'"' ; breadth of same, 1.1™" ; length of hind tibiae, 2.5""" ; breadth of same, 0.2"°.
Named after Prof. S. I. Smith, of Yale College, who has contributed to our knowledge of the Orthoptera of New England. The species is smaller than the preceding, has proportionally much longer wings and a smoother integument.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 134, 145, Dr. A. S. Packard.
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With this group we reacli the most important section of the present work, since it of all the lower orders of insects was fa ' the most abundant at Florissant. As, however, the group is divisible into two great suborders under which, separately, such general statements as seem appropriate regard- ing the relative repi-esentation of the families will be given, we reserve here only a brief remark or two upon the relation of the two suborders.
I presume it can not be far wrong to state that the homopterous fauna of any given region of considerable extent in the north temperate zone is to the heteroj)te "lus fauna as about one to three, or, in other words, that about 25 per cent of the hemipterous fauna is homopterous. These figures are the result of the comparisons of several faunal lists. In M'. Uhler's List of the Hemiptera of the United States west of the Mississippi (the geographical area of our present work), the Homoptera hold a still more insignificant place, forming scarcely more than 13 per cent of the whole. In tropical countries a very different proportion obtains, the Homoptera holding, or nearly holding, their own beside the Heteroptera, and subtropical countries or those which feel the direct influence of their proximity show an inter- mediate position ; thus in Berg's Enumeration of the Argentine Hemiptera the proportion of the Homoptera to the whole is almost exactly 30 per cent Now, it is precisely this proportion, 40:93, or 30 per cent, which Heer found, the fossil Homoptera to hold in his first essay on the fossil Hemiptera of Oeningen and Radoboj. A careful enumeration of the fossil Hemiptera of Europe to-day gives the Homoptera 34 per cent of the whole fauna ; but, if those from the amber (which greatly heighten the proportion of Homoptera) be excluded and we reckon those of the rocks only, the Homoptera have 27 l)er cent. On the other hand, if we takeoidy the fauna of the Oligocene of Pjurope, including the amber, the proportion of the Homoptera amounts to 41 per cent. This clearly indicates an approach to tropical relations. Our own Tertiary fauna is almost exclusively Oligocene, and has been found in a
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HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTBBA.
239
multitude of minor points to sliow distinct tropical relations, and it therefore becomes of peculiar interest to learn the numerical relation herein of the Homoptera to tlie Heteroptera. Now here, much as in the Oligocene of Europe, we find the Homoptera claiming 40 per cent of the whole hemip- terous fauna. The significance of these figures can hardly be doubted.
The number of Tertiary Hemiptera of the whole world is now to be reckoned nt 56!), of which 355 are Heteroptera and 214 Homoptera. The abundance of Hemiptera in our Western Tertiaries may perhaps fairly be pictured when we remember ^hat Heer in his first elaboration of those found in the rocks of Europe enumerated 133, and that in the present work, the first elaboration of those of America, the number is almost exactly double, 2ii5.
In studying tliis group I have been greatly aided by many kind favors from my friends, Mr. P. K. Uhler, of Baltimore, and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo.
Order HOJVTOPTER^ Latreille.
The variety of forms referable to the families of Homoptera that have been found in the American rocks is not a little surprising, and it includes some remarkable forms. All the families are represented excepting the Stridulantia, and this exception is the more noticeable because the presence of this family has been signalized in seveial instances in the European Ter- tiary rocks, and species beloved to belong here have even been found in the Mesozoic deposits. Yet two families, Coccidaj and Psyllidaj, occur with us, and have not yet been found v-- European rocks, though Coccidai are known from the Baltic amber. In all we find represented six families, thir- teen subfamilies, fifty -five genera, and one hundred a >l twelve species in the four hundred specimens that have been examined.
The families Coccidfe and Psyllidse, however, are very feebly repre- sented by a few examples only, the great bulk of the fossils both in Eu- rope and America belonging to the four families. Aphides, Fulgorina, Jassides, and Cercopidae; in each of these, with the possible exception of the Jassides, the variety and abundance of forms is greater in America than in Europe, even including the types from amber, while a comparison of the rpck deposits alone would show a vast preponderance on the American side. In individuals the Cercopidae easily hold the first rank, and this appears to be true in Europe as in America ; next follow the Aphides, for which in variety of type and in interest America far excels. The Jassides appear to
1
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TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMEBICA.
present relatively the ^east interest, but the absence from American deposits of one whole divisl . of that family, the Membracida, is rather surprising in view of their presence (though rarely) in European deposits and their relative abundance in America to-day.
The following tabular enumeration of the species and genera occurring in the European and American Tertiaries may serve to present in a clearer light the agreements and disparities between them. The American list is drawn from the descriptions in the present work, while the European is from miscellaneous sources, and includes all those genera and species which have been merely indicated as • curring in certain deposits, and so it might fairly be considerably reduced It should not be overlooked, moreover, that it includes all the amber forms :
Summary list of kiiomn fossil Uomnptera.
America.
Families.
Cncuidin ....
Apliidt'M
Psyllidiu ... Fulgorina ..
JassideH
Cercopidii'.- Stridulautia
Total .
Genera. Species.
1
15 2 16
u
lO 0
1 32
2 29 21 27
0
55
112
|
Europe. |
||
|
Genera. 6 |
Spc |
cies. |
|
9 |
||
|
4 |
20 |
|
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
7 |
18 |
|
|
9 |
24 |
|
|
4 |
24 |
|
|
1 |
7 |
|
|
31 |
'.02 |
If we exclude the amber forms and compare the fauna of the rocks only, we "hall reach a very different result, as the following table shows :
Table of fossil Homoptera from rock deponitn.
Families.
Coccidin
AphidcH
Psyilidii- .... Fnlgoritia ...
.Tll8!lid0H
Cercopidii^. .. Stridiilantia.
Total ..
|
America. |
Europe. |
||
|
Genera. Species. |
Genera. |
Species. 0 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
|
15 |
32 |
3 |
8 |
|
2 2 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
16 29 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
11 31 |
8 |
18 |
|
|
10 j 37 |
4 |
21 |
|
|
0 1 0 |
1 |
ti |
|
|
55 |
iia |
19 ' 56 |
i;
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241
t
This table shows clearly how poorly the Aphides and Fuigorina are preserved in the European as compared with the American rocks.
It has been necessary to establish a large number of new generic groups to contain the American forms, which perhaps would not have been the case to the same extent had a really good selection of existing tropical American types been accessible ; for the affinities of nearly the whole homopterous fauna of our Tertiaries are plainly subtropical. It is curious to see how highly developed some apparently extinct types were in that day ; the family groups were quite as trenchant as now, and while we find in some, as in Aphides, marked departures from modern structure, it in no way appears to affect the family characters or to mark any approach toward the neighboring groups. Some genera now apparently extinct seem to have attained a high degree of differentiation, as witness Aphidopsis among the Aphides, Dia- plegma among the Fuigorina, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes among the Cercopida; ; of all of these there w ere several species, and more than occur in any other generic group excepting Agallia among the Jassides, which is equal to the least prolific of them. As a general rule it is also in just these genera that the individuals are the most abundant, notably among the Cer^'opidae, which as a family is almost twice as numerous as all the others together, though the least among these larger families well provided with generic distinctions ; for tht three genera, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes, with their fifteen species, not only outnumber in specific types the other seven genera of Cercopidae (twelve species), but they contain more than nine-tenths of the individuals of this family which have passed under my eyes.
Family COCCI D>E.
The only fossils of this group hitherto known are some that occur in amber. Three species referred to Monophlebus were described and figured by Germar, and Menge has since added short descriptions of half a dozen species referred to Aleurodes, Coccus (2), Dorthesia, and the extinct genera Ochyrocoris and Polyclcna. To these we are able to add a single species from Florissant.
MONOPHLEBUS Leach.
This is an Old World genus which has never been detected living in America. The species are largely from tropical regions, but a single one is recognized from Europe. On this account there is special interest in the
VOL XIII 16
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TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
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occurrence of three species of this group in Prussian amber, described by Germar in Koch and Berendt's great work, and it is still more interesting to find a species apparently belonging to this genus from the shales of Flor- issant, Colorado.
MONOPHLGBUS SIMPLEX.
The single specimen referred to this genus agrees better with the fossil than with recent types. It is a fairly well preserved body, with the dorsal surface uppermost, but slightly turned to one side; the wings partially expanded, and all the legs of one side showing excepting the tarsi ; unfortu- nately no antennae are preserved. The head is small and subcircular ; the thorax large, subquadrate, tapering abruptly in front to the width of the head, which is hardly more than half the width of the thorax. Wings of the shape of those of M. pinnatus from amber, about three times as long as broad, well rounded, showing with distinctness only the subcostal vein which runs from near the base toward the costa, on approaching which it follows the thickened margin almost exactly parallel to it to the extreme tip of the wing, much as is seen to be the case in M. pinnatus, though here separated more widely from the shoulder of the wing at its base ; besides these there are only visible the base of the median vein from which the sub- costal takes its rise, running but an extremely short distance into the heart of the wing, and a rflere spur of the lower vein which arises barely before the subcostal and ro.ns into the heart of the wing a less distance than does the oblique basal part of the subcostal. The legs are subequal in length ; the tibiaj a little longer than the femora and scarcely slenderer ; all are slight The abdomen is long oval, well rounded behind, and composed distinctly of nine joints, of which the penultimate is very slight but the pre- ceding ones subequal, with no signs of any lateral or terminal appendages.
Length of body, 3.25""" ; breadth of same, l""; length of wing, 2.5""' ; breadth, ©.S"" ; length of hind femora, O.?""" ; hind tibiae, O.TS"".
Florissant One specimen, No. 7561.
Family APHIDES Leaeh.
One would hardly suppose that objects of such extreme delicacy and minute size as plant lice would be found in a fossil state. Yet they are by no means infrequent, and have even been found in the Secondary deposits of England ; for in Brodie's work two objects which appear to be wingless
I
HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES.
243
forms are figured, and besides these another winged plant louse of a diminu- tive size, showing the characteristic venation of the group. In the Ter- tiary rocks a considerable number of species have been found; most of these have been referred to Aphis (twelve species) and Lachnus (eight), and so belong, like the bulk of living species, to the subfamily Aphidinse ; but the Pemphiginae are represented by a Pemphigus from Oeniugen and the SchizoneurinsB by a Schizoneura from amber. Besides occurring in these localities they have also been found at Radoboj, Aix, and Ain, in Europe, and we can now add several localities in our own country. That they are not scarce in amber is shown by Menge's collection, which in 1856 included fifty-six specimens. But these are few compared with the number from Florissant, where more than one hundred specimens have been found, about seventy of them determinable, though in the other American localities — Green River and Quesnel, British Columbia — only two or three specimens have occurred. Indeed, by the present publication the number of known fossil species is doubled.
There are some remarkable features about the Florissant forms. The mass of them belong, as is the case with those from the European Tertiary rocks, to the Aphidinse proper. But both here and in the Schizoneurinae, to which the remainder appertain, we are met by two remarkable facts, one that the variation in the neuration of the wings is very, much greater than occurs among the genera of living Aphidinae and Schizoneurinae, and greater also than occurs in the known Tertiary forms of Europe, requiring the establishment of a large number of genera to represent this variation ; and, second, that at the same time there is one feature of their neuration in which, without an exception, they uniformly agree, and differ hot only from the modern types but from the European Tertiary insects. This fea- ture is the great length and slenderness of the stigmatic cell, due to the removal of the base of the stigmatic vein to the middle (or to before the middle, sometimes even to the base) of the long and slender stigma, and its slight curvature ; it is a' fact of particular interest in this connection that m the only whig we know from the Secondary rocks precisely this feature occurs, as illustrated in Brodie's work (see PI. 4, Fig. 3). So, too, the cubital space is largely coriaceous, so that the postcostal vein may be considered as exceedingly broad and merging eventually, without the intervening lack of opacity, into the stigma proper. As a general rule the wings are also very long and narrow and the legs exceedingly long. In all these charac-
244
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
i r; Mi,
teristics the American plant lice appear as a rule to differ from forms so far described from the European Tertiaries. Tiie single winged species figured by Berendt from amber, however, 8lu)ws precisely this character as far as the length of the stigmatic cell is concerned, which is about two-fifths the length of the wing. These figures are incorrectly copied by Buckton, with the remark that the neuration is abnormal, which it certainly is in his figure. It will be interesting to know whether the other species of the Baltic amber will show a similar departure from the condition of the stigmatic cell in modern types. Not a single one of the Florissant forms can be referred to an existing genus.
Table of the genera of Jphiden. Cnliital vein twice forked Aphidinn«
Ciiliital veiu ariHinjr ut Ir^^ than half the distaiicu from the flrHt oblique to the Btigmatic vein.
Stigmatic vein urisiii^ midway between the firat and second forks of the cubital vein or dis- tinctly nearer the second fork. Origin of the Htigniatic vein midway between the first and second forkgof the cubital vein.
Apex of cell about three times as Itroad as its base ...1. Cataneura.
Apex of cell about six times as broad as irs base 2. Archilaohnun.
Origin of the stigmatic vein scarcely or 'lot before that of the second fork of the cubital vein. Base of second oblique vein several times nearer the first oblique than the cubital
vein 3. Geranchum.
Base of the second oblique vein midway between the first oblique and the cubital
veiu 4. Sbenaphit.
The stigmatic vein arising opposite the first fork of the cubital veiu or distinctly nearer it than the secoud. First cubital branch nearly or quite four times us long as the basal stem of the cubital
'vein...« 5. Aphantaphii.
First cubitnl branch at most three times as long as the basal stem of the cubital veiu. First oblique vein parting from the main vein at an angle of less than 55°.
6. Sipbonophoroidet. First oblique vein parting from the main vein at an augle of more than 70°.
7. lAthapkie. Cubital vein arising at half or more thau half the distance from the first oblique vein to the stig- matic vein.
Main veins arising at nearly equal distances apart S. Tepkraphie.
Main veins arising at distinctly unequal distances apart.
Second oblique vein at base rarely so much as twice as near the first obli(iue as the cubital
vein 9. Aphidopein.
Second oblique vein at base four times as near the first oblique as the cubital vein.
The first oblique vein straight, not two-thirds us lung as the second oblique vein, and
considerably divergent from it 10. OryotaphU.
First nbliquo veiu curved outward, nearly as long as the second oblique vein, and
hardly divergent from it 11. Sychnobrochiis.
Cubital veiu once forked Schizoneiirina!.
Cubital vein arising at more than half the distance from the first oblique vein to the stigmatic
vein . 12. Schizoneiiroidti.
Cubital vein arising at less than half the distance from the first oblique vein to the stigmatic vein.
Cubital vein forking beyond the base of the stigmatic vein.. 13. Amalanchum.
Cubital vein forking before the base of the stigmatic vein.
Base of second discoidal cell less than three times the width of that of the first.
14. ^nconotiM. Base of secoud discoidal cell more than five times the width of that of the first.
15. Pteroetignut,
f
HEMil'TEHA—HOMOPTBRA— APHIDES.
245
1. CATANEURA gen. nov. (narti, revpd).
Head very small, apparently destitute of frontal tubercles. Antennae unknown. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time about as far beyond the origin of the stigmatic as that is beyond the first . fork of the cubital vein. The second oblique vein arises a little nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, the first at a slightly less angle, the first discoidal cell between them about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately slender, the hind femora about half as lor^ as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate, apparently with a shoit and stout cauda.
Table of the gpeeies of Catanciira.
First discoidal cell more transverse than longitudinal; cubital vein very distant from the stigmatic, approaching the second oblique vein 1. C. abaena.
First discoidal cell as longitudinal as transverse; cubital vein approximating the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein Si. C. rilegi.
1, CaTANEURA AB8EN8.
The single specimen shows little beside the wings folded flatly over the back, but the head and thorax and one of the femora are also preserved. The fore wing is about three times as long as broad. The first oblique vein is straight and very long, parting at the postcostal at an angle of about thirty-five degrees ; second oblique vein slightly sinuous, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty -five degrees ; the first discoidal cell between them very long considering that it is more transverse than longi- tudinal, the base moderately narrow, the apex, as measured on the hind margin, about three times as broad as the base. Cubital vein taking an exceptionally low course, so as to be very distant from the stigmatic vein throughout, first forking half-way to the hind border, then bent outward. Stigmatic vein arcuate and divergent at base.
Length of body, 4""" ; of fore wing, 6.5°"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 607.
2. Cataneuba rileyi.
The head with part of the antennae, the thorax v»'ith most of the legs and one wing, and, obscurely, the abdomen are preserved in the single example known. The fore wing is about three and a half times longer than
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TEUTIAllY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
broad. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at scarcely more than forty five degrees, and the second oblique, which is also straight, at as little less, the first discoidal cell being, nevertheless, only moderately long and narrow, and more than three times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein broadly arcuate, occupying the middle of the space assigned to it, first forking at scarcely more than a third way to the hind margin and again at less than half-way to the tip. Stigmatic vein parting very narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is very slender and nearly or quite a third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 4""" ; of fore wing, 6""".
Named for Dr. Charles Valentine Riley, whose researches on the grape root aphid. Phylloxera, to mention only this, are widely known.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2916.
2 ARCHTLACHNUS Buckton.
ArohilaeUui Backt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177 (1883).
The head appears to be without frontal tubercles, and the antennae are slender, almost as long as the body (perhaps longer), with the basal joints as in Aphis. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a moderate distance from its origin, wliich is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time as far beyond the origin of the stigmatic as it is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. Second oblique vein arising a little nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, at an angle of about forty -five degrees with the post- costal, the first at a distinctly less angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is about six times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately stout, the hind pair about as long as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate with a short and. moderately stout cauda.
The genus was not separately characterized by Buckton. I do not see any special relation to Lachnus.
Table of the tpKHn of JrehVachnus.
Large and stont Rpecies. Cubital vein bent nt its first fnrcatinn, otherwifie RtralRtit.. .1. A. pennatut. Small and slender species. Cubital vein gently arouate tbruugUout tlie tirst two-thirds of its course.
8. A. mudgri.
a
;;>»0^i»w?r*«»:»'TMi3s(»*'s
HBMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES.
247
il
% I
1. Archilachnus pennatus.
P\. 18, Figs. 1, 15-17.
ArchUachimi pmnatui Baokt., Monogr. Brit. AphidM, IV, 177, PI. 133, Fig. 3 (1883).
As preserved, the head and thorax are uniform and considerably darker than the abdomen. The body is stout. Fore wing more than two and a half times longer than broad, with the postcostal vein thick, straight, and uniform, running into the very long and fusiform stigma, and separated by a narrow space from the margin, which is gently convex, and so a little more distant at base. First oblique vein arising at one-third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, straight, parting from the post- costal at an angle of about sixty degrees ; second oblique vein arising very close to the first, straight, or very slightly sinuate or arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty-five degrees ; first discoidal cell much widened distally, being five or six times broader on the hind margin than at base. Ciibital vein arising twice as far from the second as the second from the first oblique vein, with its first branch completely parallel to the second oblique vein, first forking at a trifle more than one-third the way out, and again about half-way from the first fork to the apex of the wing, varying in individuals, at the first fork bent slightly but beyond almost perfectly straight. The stigmatic vein is arcuate and parts sometimes widely, sometimes narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is of variable alenderness, though always more than a third as long as the wing.
Length of body, 4"""; of fore wing, 6.6"""; hind femora, 2.5"""; hind tibiae, S-To"".
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 177, 4615, 6993, 9221, 12727.
2. Archilachnus mudgei.
The single specimen is excellently preserved on a dorsal view, except that the overlapping fore wings are somewhat confused, lying upon the top of the back, and that one wii.g is doubled upon itself The body is rather slender, the head and thorax darker than the scarcely perceptible abdomen and apparently mottled. Fore wings with the postcostal vein and stigma as in A. pennatus, the first oblique vein arising at a litile more than one- third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, but other- wise like the second oblique vein, as in A. pennatus ; the first discoidal cell
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248
TEllTIAItY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMKKICA.
iH much more open, hut how iiuiuh thu ronditioii of the Hpcciniun doen not rthovv. (Jul)itiil voin ariHiiijr sciarcoly farther from tlie Hecond (thHciue vohi tiian the hitter !» from the HrHt, forking uuicli an in the preceding species, hut paHsing in a gently arcuate course midway in the space allotted to it. The stigniatic vein parts gently witli a considerable arcuation, but not very widely, from the stigma, the cell being apparently about t)ne-third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 3.5"'™ ; fore wing, 4.75""" ; hind femora, 2.4"'"' ; hind tibia and tarsi, 4.6""'.
In memory of Benjamin Franklin Mudge, the Kansas geologist and paleontologist.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 13328.
3. GERANCHON gen. nov. (yepaioi, dyKoav).
Wings only known. Fore wing with the stignuitic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first obli(pie and the stigmatic veins, the second time scarcely behind the base of the stigmatic vein. Second oblique vein arising many times nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein and close to the former, the first discoidal cell between them about ten times broader on the hind margin than at the base.
Table </ Ihe ipecieti of Oeranchon.
Cubital vein rnuniug consideralily belovr tho middle o( its area, its brauches straight 1. G, davitii.
Ciiltital vein riiuuiug through the mi'<dle of ito urea, itH braucheH uruuate U. O. petrorum.
1. GeRANCHON DAVI8II.
Only the wing is preserved and the base is broken, but it may be judged to have been fully three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is very broad and straight, merging into the slightly thickened fusiform stigma ; next the base it is rather fjir removed from the costal margin. The first oblique vein parts at an angle of about sixty degrees with the postcostal and is straight ; the second at an angle of forty-five degrees and is straight nearly to the tip, which is lost but appears to bend outward, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them, very narrow at base and broadening at tip, is ex- cessively different in width at its two extremities. Cubital vein faint at its
HEMII'TERA— IIOMUPTEUA— AIMIIDK8.
249
origin, but nppiirently arising four times as far from th(* second ohlicjue as the second from the first ; it forks at somewhat less than half-way to the hind border and runs by a series of bends at a long distance below the Uiiddie of its area, forking a second time nearly as far from the first as the first from its root. The stigmatic vein is arcuate and diverges rather widely from the stigma, but the length of the stigmatic cell can not be determined.
Length of fragment, S-f)"""; probable length of wing 4.4""'; breadth, 1.4""".
Named for Prof William Morris Davis, of Harvard College.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 14053.
^
2. Gebancuon fetrorum.
PI. 2, Fig. G.
Lachniu petroruin Scudd., Rep. Prugr. Qeol. Surv. Cau., Id75-7(i, 379 (1877).
A fragment of a wing is sufBci, itly preserved to show that it should be referred here, while the exact position of the veins is different from that of the other species. The wing is unusually slender ; the postcostal vein thick- ens apically as it merges in the stigma ; the first oblique vein is straight ; the second originates very close to the first, runs parallel to it only at the very base, and then bends pretty strongly outward, striking the margin of the wing nearly as far from the tip of the first oblique vein as half its own length ; the origin oi the cubital vein is not clear, but it is apparently not far out, in which case it runs parallel with the second oblique vein until it branches in the middle of the wing ; the lower of these branches almost re- tains the course of the basal part of the veins, but diverges slightly from the second oblique vein, terminating very far from it on the border of the wing ; the main stem, diverging from the first branch rather widely at first, almost at once runs parallel to the lower branch, and when it has continued a less distance than the main vein before its furcation, divides, the two forks di- verging but slightly at base, and then very gradually converging until they are no farther apart than the bases of the fint and second oblique veins, and the upper fork almost touches the stigmatic vein (probably by some dis- placement); together they diverge a little from the lower branch cf the cubital vein ; the stigmatic vein is very conspicuous, passing by a broad sweep into the heart of the wing, diverging from the stigma at a greater
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TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
angle than does the second oblique ; unfortunately the tip of the wing is broken, and more than the apical half of the outer border is also wanting.
Length of fragment, 4°""; estir.iated length of wing, 5""°; width of same, l.es™"".
Quesnel, British Columbia. Dr. G. M. Dawson. One specimen, No. 19.
4 SBENAPHIS gen. pov. (a/Sevyv/xt, Aphis).
Head without frontal tubercles, the front transverse. Antennae very slender, at least nearly as long as the body. Fore wings with the stig- mat' 3 vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a moderate distance from its origin, which is at or a trifle outside the middle of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second iime opposite or scarcely beyond the base of the stigmatic vein. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein but at varying lelative distances, always close to the first oblique vein, the first discoidal cell between them being four or five times broader on the hind margin than at base. Legs slender, varying in length but shorter than the fore wings. Abdomen ovate. Some specimens seem to show a short stout Cauda, which others appear to lack, and occasionally short cornicles may be detected which are apparently of uniform diameter.
Table of the species of Sbenaphii.
Second oblique vein arising midway, or about midway, between tlie tint oblique and cubital vein«.
1. S, qHesneli. Second oblique vein arising much nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein.
Base of second discoidal cell twice as wide as that of the first; cubital 7eiu running barely neaver
the stigmatic than the second oblique vein 3. S. uhleri,
Hase of second discoidal cell nearly thrice as wide as that of the first ; cubital vein running very much closer to the stigmatic than to the second oblique vein 3. S. laii<i.
Sbenaphis QUESNELI. PI. 2, Figs. 4, 5 ; PI. 18, Fig. 12.
TAushnus quesneli Scndd., Rep. I'rogr. Geol. Sarv. Can.. 1876-77, 461-4t)-2 (1878).
The original description, with certain omissions and changes to coire- spond with the phraseology here employed, was ac follows:
The remains which are preserved are a pair of overlapping front wings with torn edges, but with all the important parts of theneuration, and some of the voins of the hind wings. The body is completely crushed and all
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— APHIDES.
251
other members are absent. The parts which can be studied are thus very similar to those found in Geranchon petrorum, described above, from the same bed. Owing to the absence of the margin, the shape of the wing can not be determined The postcostal vein is thick throughout, but broadens apically; the first and second oblique veins are both perfectly straight, originating scarcely farther apart than the width of the postcostal vein and diverging considerably. From the position in which the wings are preserve'^ (one front wing almost exactly covering the other, and the two inclos' ^ between them both hind wings, also almost exactly superimposed) the i -a'; and second discoidal veins of the two front wings and the two oblique vfci..s of each hind wing form a medley of almost confluent lines, so that it is a little difficult to detei'mine to which of the four wings and to what part of that wing each of the eight veins belongs ; regarding the veins of the hind wings there may, therefore, be some eiTor in the statement to be made, but there can be little doubt of the position and relation of the veins of the front wing, which appears to lie uppermost. The cubital vein originates at a dis- tance beyond the base of the second oblique barely greater than the distance at which the latter is placed from the first ; it makes an angle with the post- costal vein of less than forty-five degrees ; is nowhere in the least degree sinuous, but is bent very slightly forward at each forking, rather more at its first than at its second ; sends off its first branch at slightly less than a millimeter from its base ; forms with it an angle of twenty-five degrees, and at an equal distance farther on emits its second branch at a similar or slightly smaller angle; both the branches are perfectly straight, and the upper branch of the last fork lies midway between the lower branch and the stigmatic vein ; the latter is similar to that of G-. petrorum from the same beds, but is not so strongly curved ; the first branch of the cubital vein also divides equally the space between the second oblique and the lower branch of the hust fork of the cubital vein. The oblique veins of the hind wing ori^rinate at no greater distance apart than the first and second oblique veins of the front wings, are a little less divergent than they, and equall}' straight.
Length of fragment of wing, 5°""; its probable complete length, 6™™; breadth of same, 1.3.5"""; distance from base of front wing to the origin of the stigmatic vein, 4.1""'.
To this may be added, from specimens obtained at Florissant, that the body is stout and plump and the hind femora as long as the breadth
252
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
of the thorax. In one specimen the abdomen is narrower than, in another broadei- than, in a third of the same width as, the thorax. The first oblique vein makes an angle with the postcostal of about fifty-five degrees and is straight; the second one of forty -five degrees and is sometimes straight, sometimes arcuate, and the base of the first discoidal cell being very narrow it is .about four or five times broader on the hind margin than there.
Length of body, 2.75-4°"° j of fore wing, 3.5-5.5""", the last partly estimated.
Queanel, British Columbia. Dr. Gr. M. Dawson. One specimen, No. 34». Florissant, Colorado. Three specimens, Nos. 2234, 3577, 9269.
2. Sbenaphis uhlebi.
Body large, stout, the head and thorax darker than the abdomen, which is broader than they. Wings three times as long as broad, the postcostal straight, thickened uniformly, and running into the very long and consider- ably fusiform stigma, thirst oblique vein straight, set at an angle of fifty- five degrees with the postcostal ; the second oblique vein sinuous, placed at an angle of forty -five degrees with the postcostal ; the two veins moderately close only at base, so that the first discoidal cell is four or five times broader on the hind margin. Cubital vein faint at base but originating about twice as far from the second oblique vein as that from the first, arcuate on its basal half, straight and longitudinal on its apical, occupying with its branches the middle of its allotted space, first forking at less than one-third the dis- tance to the hind margin, again opposite the base of the stigmatic vein and less than half-way from its own first fork to the apex of the wing; in its passage it approaches the stigmatic only a little more closely than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein parting very slightly and gradually from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is very narrow and about one-third tlie length of the wing.
Length of body, 4.75""" ; of fore wing, 6.75""™ ; breadth of same, 2.25*"".
Dedicated to my good friend, Mr. Philip R. Uhler, without whose faithful and disinterested work the student of American Hemiptera would be sadly at a loss.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2327, 11202.
HEMIPTEBA—HOMOPTBRA— APHIDES.
258
3. SbENAPHIS LA88A.
This small species is represented by a single individual, with nearly all the legs preserved in an unusual manner, but the wings not so complete)y. The body is black throughout, the hind femora longer than the abdomen, the hind tibiae as long as the body. The wings have the postcostal vein and stigma precisely as in the last species. The first oblique vein is straight or at the tip slightly arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees, the second oblique vein distinctly arcuate on its apical half, parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty -five degrees, and separated from the first by a sUghtly wider interval than in the other species described ; the first discoidal cell is about four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein, arising nearly three times as far from the second oblique vein as the latter is from the first, takes a course above the middle of the area left to it, approaching very close to the stigmatic vein ; it forks first about quar'or-way to the hind margin and again about opposite the stigmatic vein, which, with the stigmatic cell, is as in S. uhleri.
Length of body, 3.25'""'; fore wing, 5.5'"'" ; fore femora, 1.15"""; fore tibiae, 1.7"""; middle femora, 1.4™""; middle tibia;, 2.3°"" ; hind femora, 2"""'; hind tibia;, 3.25"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 12994.
5. APHANTAPHIS gen. nov. {a(pavro?, 1 phis).
Head witho\it frontal tubercles, the antennae being inserted in sub- lateral pits ; the) ire longer than the fore wings, very slender indeed, the third joint very long. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the mid le of an exceedingly slender and tapering stigma, the stigmatic cell near half the length of the wing. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a \ y slight distance from its origin, which is scarcely before the middle of the space between the first obliqu'i and stigmatic veins, the second time iialf way thence to the tip of the wing. Second oblique vein arising slightly nearer the cubital than the first oblique vein, the first so near the base of the wing as to be very short, and the first discoidal cell between them only about twice as wide at the hind margin as at base. Legs long and slender, the hind tibia; and tarai nearly equaling the length of the wings.
A single species is known.
254
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Aphantaphis exsuca.
The fore wing, which is exceptionally preserved, is long oval, almost three times as long as broad ; the postcostal and all the space between it and the costal margin filled with pigment, so as to be exceptionally broad, taper- ing until it expands again into the long fusiform stigma. First oblique vein very close to the base, short, straight, parting from the postcostal at an angle of at least seventy degrees, not twice as long as the breadth of the base of the first discoidal cell ; second oblique vein arising far from the first at an angle of fifty degrees, straight until near the tip, where it bends considerably to meet the margin, so that the first discoidal cell is hardly more than twice as broad on the liind margin as at the base. Cubital vein feeble, but uniform throughout ; hardly so far removed from the second oblique vein at its origin as that from the first, first forking hardly one-sixth way to the hind margin, again fully half-way to the tip of the wing, running slightly nearer the stigmatic than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising opposite a point about one-third the distance from the first to the second forking of the cubital vein or less, far before the middle of the stigma, having a broad sweep, so that the stigmatic cell, though not narrow, is four-ninths the lengtli of the wing.
Length of fore wing, 4 5°"" ; breadth of same, 1.6°"" ; length of antennae, 6""" ; hind tibiae and tarsi, 4"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1215.
r ■ :
I'l:
6. SIPHONOPHOROIDES Buckton.
Siphonophoroidea (pam) Buckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176 (1883).
Antennae inserted on distinct and prominent frontal tubercles, the first two joints forming together a stout, subconical mass more than twice as long as broad ; the remainder of the antennae slender, filiform, much longer than tiie body, as long as the fore wings, all the joints and especially the third excessively long. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the very long and slender fusiform stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, .he first time tolerably far from its origin, which is usually at about one-third the distance from the base of the first oblique to that of the stig- matic vein, the second time about as far again beyond the stigmatic vein as that is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. Second oblique vein aria-
HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTBRA— APHIDES.
255
ing somewhat but not greatly nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, the first at a considerably wider angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is from three or four to six or eight times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs slender, the hind femora half as long as the fore wings. Abdomen ovate, rather broad, well rounded apically, with very short and stout cornicles in at least one species, but no cauda.
Buckton gave no characteristics of his genus apart from the specific description ; his supposition that the abdomen was pointed was due to his taking the faint signs of the first oblique veins as the sides of the abdomen in the figure which formed the basis of his determination.
Table of the species of Siphonophoroides.
Second oblique vein parting from the postuostal at an angle of forty-five degrees. .. . Second oblique vein parting from tlie postcoiital at au angle of thirty-Uve degrees.
First branch of onbital vein distant from tbe second oblique vein
First branch of cubital vein closely approximated to the second oblique vein ...
SiPHONOPHOSOIDES ANTIQUA.
.1. S. antiqaa.
..'i. 3. rafinesquei. ...3. S. proplnqua.
PI. 18, Figs. 3, 5, 7, 10. Siphonophoroidet antiqua Buckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176, PI. i:(3, Fig. 1 (1883).
This is far the most common of the Florissant Aphides, and many of the specimens are very fairly preserved. They are uniformly dark colored, or the abdomen may be a little paler or more obscure than the rest of the body. The wings are pretty slender, fully three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is moderately thick, uniform, and running without break into the very long fusiform stigma ; it is separated by a moderately wide and regularly decreasing space from the costal margin. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fully sixty degrees ; the second oblique is straight in its basal half, arcuate or sinuate beyond, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty-five degrees at a moderate distance from the first oblique vein, the first discoidal cell between them being about four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein arising farther, generally about half as far again, sometimes almost twice as far, from the second oblique as that from the first oblique vein, very longitudinal in course, first forking at about two- fifths the distance to the hind margin and again at about half-way between the first forking and the tip of the wing, running about twice as near the stigmatic as the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising nearer the first
i4X- f
256
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
than the second fork of the cubital, sometimes to a considerable degree arcuate at base but beyond horizontal, so that the stigmatic cell is both long and slender, from a third to two-fifths the length of the wing. Hind legs about as long as the antennae.
Length of body, 4""" ; fore wing, 5-6""" ; breadth of same, l.fy-2""" ; length of antenna;, 5.5"" ; legs of one individual as follows : fore femora 1.5"'"'; fore tibiae and tarsi, 2.25"'"; middle femora, 1.25""; middle tibiaj and tarsi, 2.15"'"; hind femora, 2. 25""'; hind tibiae and tarsi, 3"'".
Florissant. Fifteen specimens, Nos. 1079, 1339, 1867, 2396, 2881, 3029, 5747, 7934, 8889, 9574, 10205, 11562, 13562, 14450, and, from the Princeton Collection, 1.986. Besides these, Nos. 1703, 3284, and 5491 from Florissant, should probably be referred here.
2. SiPHONOPHOKOIDES KAFINE8QUEI.
The greater part of the creature, excepting the abdomen, is preserved in the single specimen obtained. The antennae are nearly as long as the hind legs and considerably longer than the wings. The wings are very slender, fully four times longer than broad. The postcostal except at base is straight, slender, and runs uninterruptedly into the exceptionally slender fusiform stigma. The first oblique vein is straight, or slightly arcuate, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of nearly sixty degrees ; the second oblique vein is also straight or slightly arcuate, is moderately distant at base from the first oblique, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of forty -five degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein arises more than twice as far from the second oblique vein as that is from the first and only a little less than half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein, forks about two-fifths way to the hind margin, and with its first fork runs completely parallel to and distant from the second oblique vein ; it is bent at its fork and there- after runs longitudinally, forking again about half-way to the tip and run- ning close to the stigmatic vein. This last arises very much nearer the first than the second cubital fork, and except at base is but little arcuate and very longitudinal, so that the stigmatic cell is exceptionally slender and nearly half as long as the wing. Legs very slender.
Length of fore wing, 5.25""; breadth of same, 1.25""; length of antennae, 6.5"" ; of hind femora, 2.5"" ; hind tibiae and tarsi, 3.75"".
Kif i
HEMIPTEKA—riOMOPTERA -APHIDES.
257
The eccentric Constantine Rafinesque-Sclinmlz made the first attempt ti> classify American Aphides.
Florissant. One specimen, No. Ifi67.
3. SiPHONOPHOKOIDKS PKOPINQIJA.
The single specimen on which this species is based is not so well pre- served as the last. The antennju are broken in the middle, but were appar- ently of a similar length. The wings are slender, fully three times longer thiin broad. The postcostal is very broad, straight, and uninterrupted. The first oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees ; the second is straight at base, beyond considerably arcuate, separated by a narrow distance from the first, and jilaced at an angle of scarcely forty degrees with the postcostal, so that the first discoidal cell between them is very long and slender, anvl is about four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein arises nearly twice as far from the second oblique as that from tiie first, forks at rather less than one-third way to the hind margin, and is very arcuate in course, so that though its first fork approaches exceptionally near the second oblique vein, the main stem reaches only twice the distance from the stigmatic vein. This last vein arises opposite a point on the cubital vein one-third way from the first to the second fork, and, strongly arcuate, passes at once far into the wing, and then becomes longitudinal, the stigmatic cell being pretty large and long, about two-fifths the length of the wing. J^egs very slender.
Length of fore wing, 5.5°""; breadth of same, 1.5™'"; length ot fore femora, 1.75"""; fore tibiae and tarsi, 2.5"'"'; hind femora. 2.25'"'"; hind tibiae and tarsi, 4.2"™.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 3738.
7. LITHAPHIS gen. nov. {XlOo?, Aphis.)
Head rather small with .short frontal tubercles on which the antennae are seated in close proximity. The first two joints of the latter as in Siphon ophoroides, the remainder also as there, but if anything even longer. Fore wing with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very far from its origin (which is about a third way from the base of the first oblique to the stigmatic vein) VOL xui 17
258
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
i ^H
:1r
nnd about opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, tlie second time apparently about half-way to the tip of the wing. Second oblique vein arining slightly nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, at rather more than half a right angle with the postcostal ; first oblique vein parting much more widely, about eighty degrees, so that the first discoidal cell between them, very narrow at base, is six or more times wider there than on the hind margin. Legs moderately slender, the hind femora shorter than the abdomen, which is no broader than the thorax, twice as long as l)road, and rounded. A single species is known.
LiTHAPHIS DIKUTA.
The body appears to have been pretty uniformly colored. The pro- portions of the wings can not be determined, but the insect was one of the smaller species. The postcostal is parallel with the costii, moderately slen- der, especially just before the long and tapering stigma. The first oblique vein is very transverso, parting at an angle of about eighty degrees with the postcostal, and straight ; the second oblique vein, arising rather close to the first, is slightly arcuate and })art8 from the postcostal at an anfjie of forty- five degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is many times broader Oi\ the hind margin than at tlie base. The cubital vein arises less than twice as far be- yond the second oblique vein as that beyond the first, is rather straight and stiff", first forks at less than a third way to the hind margin and again about half-way to the tip, approaching the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein. The stigmatic vein arises scarcely beyond the first furcation of the cubital, and, strongly arcuate at first, reaches widely into the wing, the stig- matic cell being large and long.
Length of body, 3™™ ; antenruc, S.S""' ; wing (probable), 4.5™"'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3785, 12112, 12476. A specimen from Green lliver, No. 82, Prof. L. \. Lee, may perhaps belong here.
8. TEPHRAPHIS gen. nov. (retppoay, Aphis).
Siphonophoroides (para) Buckton, Moiiogr. Brit. Aphi<lo8, IV, 170 (1883).
Head apparently much as in Lithaphis, but the front tubercles are uncertain. Antennae constructed basally as there, separated at base b}- their own width, much longer than the fore wing. Fore wing with tho stigmatic vein arising rather before the middle of the unusually broad
t
HEMIPTERA— llOMOPTERA— APHIDEa.
269
stigma.- Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very near to its origin (which is about two-thirds the distance from the first obHque to the stig- matic vein), and about opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, the second time at varying distances from tlio first. Second oblique vein a little nearer the first oblique than the stigmatic vein, uiuisually transverse, the first scarcely more longitudin.al, so that the first discoidal cell between them, broad at base, is not more tlian twice as broad on the hind margin. Legs slender, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the rest of the leg about two-thirds the length of the fore wings. Abdomen short oval, well rounded apically, no broader than the thorax. Both species are very small.
Table of the upteiea of Tephraphii.
First discoidal cell only lialf as broad again on the hind margin as at base, the first and second oblique veins very nearly parallel I. T. limplex.
First discoidal cell twice as broad on the hind margin as at base, the first and second obliqne veins distinctly divergent 8. T. walihii.
1. Tephraphis simplex.
PI. 18, Fig. 4. Siphonophoroiiles limplex Bnckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176-177, PI. 133, Fig. 2 (1883).
This is one of the smallest of the Florissant species. The antennae, twice as long as the body, taper to a slender thread, scarcely visible on the stone. The body has the abdomen very pale and indistinct, but the rest much darker, and the legs are uniformly dark. The wings are slender, at least three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is very heavy and straight and the stigma, hardly broader, is very long. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty-five degrees ; the second oblique is very distant from the first, parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees, and, at first straight and there- fore almost parallel to the first oblique vein, is afterwards a little arcuate, so that the first discoidal cell is about half as broad again on the hind margin as at its base. The cubital vein, a little farther removed from the second oblique vein than the latter is from the first, runs with its first fork in a straight course, parallel to the second oblique vein, forks at one-fourth the distance from the base, and is considerably angulated, running after- wards completely parallel to the stigmatic vein, and forking again about half-way to the tip of the wing. Stigmatic vein arising closely subsequent to the first forking of the cubital vein, paiting abruptly and curving
260
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
11 ii
atrongly, passing a variable distance into the body of tlie wing, and tljen running longitudinally; it nowhere approaches closely the cubital vein, and the stigmatic cell is at the most scarcely one-third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 2.4"'"'; antenna*, 4.75"""; wings, 3.5-4""; fore fem- ora, 1""; fore tibia; and tarsi, 1.25""; middle tibia and tarsi, 1.5""; hind femora, 1.2""; hind tibia' and tarsi, 2""'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 51!), 670", 2163.
2. TePHRAPHIH WAL8HM. PI. 18, Fig. 19.
Little is preserved but the overlapping fore wings and these imperfectly. They show the insect to have been very small with slender wings, probably just about three times as long as broad. The first oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees ; the second is also straight and parts at an angle of forty degrees, and the distance ' tween the two being great, the first discoidal cell is wide, but on the hind ui. a gin twice as wide as at base. The cubital vein arises only a little farther from the second oblique vein than it is from the first, and at about two-thirds the dis- tance from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; with its first branch it is completely parallel to the second oblique vein and straight, forking first at about one-third of the distance to the hind margin ; it is not abruptly bent at this fork, but curves rather rapidly to gain a longitudinal course, and forks again a little less than half-way to the tip of the wing. The stigmatic vein arises scarcely beyond the first fork of the cubital and curves rapidly to a longitudinal course, but the relative length of the slender stigmatic cell can hardly be determined.
Length of specimen, 4.25"" ; probable length of wing, 3.5"".
The late Benjamin D. Walsh was one of the first students of our Aphides.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 8085, lying entangled with Ptero- stigma recurvum.
9. APHIDOPSIS gen. nov. (Aphis, o^/?).
Head provided with short, broad, and uniform frontal tubercles, between which, a space more than equaling the breadth of the antennae, the front is rounded and slighth'^ advanced. First joint of antenna; distinctly nar- rower than the frontal tubercles, scarcely longer than broad, scarcely narrow-
HEMIPTERA-UOMOPTEBA— APHIDES.
261
ing apically, the second much smaller, subconical, the remainder very slender, filiform, much longer than the fore wings, the third joint alone as long as the whole body. Fore wings with the stignmtic vein more than usually longitudinal, arising from before the middle of the ver}^ narrow and elongated stigma, so that the very narrow stignmtic cell is more than a third as long as the wing. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin (a tliird or half way to the extremity of the first brancii), which is usually about midway between the first oblique and cubital veins, but varies to some extent, and in any case only a little before the origin of the stigmatic vein, the second time not far from half-way from the first forking to the apex of the wing. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first oblique than the stigmatic vein, sometimes only to a slight extent, sometimes twice as near it, generally very straight, the first oblique at such an angle with it that the first discoidal cell between them, pretty wide at base, is from three to six times as wide on the hind nuirgin of the wing. Legs very slender, the hind femora fully reaching the tip of the abdomen, the rest of the hind legs only a little shorter than the fore wings. Abdomen rounded ovate, somewhat broader than the thorax, fullest behind, with an extremely short and rather stout cauda, and very short and remark- ably stout conical cornicles.
I'able of the species of Aphidopiit.
Fore wiDKS more than three milllmeterB long. Cubital vein arcuate throuf;hout.
First cubital branch much nearer to the second cubital branch than to the second oblique vein. Cubital vein approaching the stigmatic vein very closely ; fore legs longer tha.i middle
legs 1. A. subterna.
Cubital vein not approaching the stigmatic vein very closely; fore legs shorter than mid- dle legs a. A. kargeri.
First cubital branch equidistant from second cubital branch and second oblique vein.
3. J. lutafia. Cubital vein angularly bent at furcations.
Expanse of wings nine millimeters or less ; first discoidal cell normally divergent.
4. A. margarum. Expanse of wings eleven millimeters or more ; first discoidal cell not very divergent.
6. A. dalli. Fore wings less than three millimeters long 6. A. emaviata.
1. Aphidopsis subterna.
Head and thorax testaceous, slightly mottled with pallid. Antennae as long as the fore wings. Wings slightly less than three times as long as broad, the postcostal moderately light, running uninterruptedly into the very slender elongated stigma. First transverse vein very slender, nearly
262
TKIITIAKY lNaK(!T8 OF NORTH AMKKICA.
ii
ill
'■ 1 J
ml:
Htrnight, but ulightly iirc.uuto, put'tiiig from thu ])()st('OHtal iit an angle of ut least fifty degrees ; second oblique vein hardly liuavier, very feebly urcuute, and parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty-five dogreoH ; it is moderately distant at base from the first obli(iue vein, so that the first dis- (^oidal cell between them is only about four times broader on the hind mar- gin than at the base. Cubital vein arising half as far again from thu second oblique as it from the first oblicjue vein and only about one-third way from the latter to the stigmatic vein ; it forks about one-third way to the hind margin, and its first fork is completely parallel to and somewhat distant from the second oblicjue vein ; near its second fork it ajjproaches twice as near the stigniatic vein as the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein not reach- ing far into the wing, arising from a quarter to a third the distance from the first to the second furcation of the i,;:bital vein, so that the stigmatic cell is slender and about two-fifths the length of tuc '"ing. Femora j)ale, tibiie and tarsi dark. Abdomen plump oval, of a pale color, mottled with large, roundish, dark sj)ot8 arranged in niediodorsal and lateral rows on the posterior portion of the segments ; there are faint indications of a slender, slight, and rather short cauda, and distinct marks of cornicles in conical hillocks at the extreme outer sides of the here angulated abdomen.
Lengthof body, 3.75"""; antenna;, 5""" ; fore wings, 5""" ; fore femora, 1.3"""; fore tibia; and tarsi, 21)"""'; middle femora, 1.1"""; middle tibia; and tarsi, 2.4°'"' ; hind femora, 2'""' ; hind tibijo and tarsi, 3.3""".
Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 211), 740, 1307, 2ir)l, 7426, 8896.
2. APHID0P8I8 HARllERI.
The single specimen which represents this species is preserved upon a side view, with the wings somewhat crumpled. Enough, however, can be seen to distinguish it from the preceding species in that the cubital vein runs at the ordinary distance from the stigmatic. though still distant from the second oblique vein, and though the stigmatic vein descends as deeply into the wing as in A. subterna. The origin of all the veins is the same, but the second oblique is more arcuate and its arcuation confined mostly to the apical half. But the principal difi^erence is found in the relative length of the legs, which though stouter are also longer and have the middle pair slightly longer than the fore pair, instead of the reverse. The legs are remarkably preserved and show the single jointed tarsus and claws with great distinctness, showing them to be constructed much as in Callipterus.
HKMII'JEHA-IIOMOPTBRA— APniDRa
268
Leiiffth of body, 3.')'"'"; wings (piirtly oHtimutod), 1.75"""; fore legH, 4.1"""; femur, 1.4r)"""; tibiu, 2.2r)"""; tarsus, 0.4"""'; middle legH, I.Srr"" ; femur, 1.7rr"'; tibia, 2.4'""'; tarsuH, 0.4"""; himl legs, 6 A"'"' ; femur, 2"™; tibia, 4""" ; tarsus, O.S"""'.
To the memory of the faithful paleontologist, Dr Oscar Ilarger, of New Haven.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 11360.
3. Apiiiuopsis lutabia.
Head and thorax rather darker than the abdomen, the femora rather li;,'-hter than the tibiic. Anteniue a little longer than the fore wings. Winj^B fully three times longer than broad, the postcostal vein stout and running with scarcely any diminution of size into the long and very slender stigma. First oblique vein straight or scarcely arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees ; second oblique vein regularly arcuate, parting from the postcostal "ein at an angle of forty-five, degrees, and moderately distant from the first oblique at base, so that the first discoidal cell between them is about three or four times broader on the hind margin than at the base. The cubital vein is apparently about as far from the second oblique vein as it from the first oblique, first forks at about one-third way to the hind margin, and has throughout a gently arcuate curve by which it approaches pretty close to the stigmatic vein. This arises far back in the stigma, almost reaching the first cubital fork, is gently arcuate and has a very longitudinal course, so that the stigmatic cell is both slender and very long, not much less than half a^ long as the wing. Legs very slender indeed, the fore pair nearly as long as the wings and longer than the middle pair, the hind tibiae and tarsi longer than the body.
Length of body, 3.5-3.8""" ; antennai, 5.15""° ; fore wings, 5.25'""' ; fore legs, 4.8"'™; femur, 1.8""; tibia, 2.6"'™; tarsus, 0.4™"; middle legs, 4.25™"' ; femur, 1.6™™ ; tibia, 2.25™" ; tarsus, 04™" ; hind legs, G.G""" ; femur, 2.6™" ; tibia and tarsus, 4™".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 7433, 8773, and from the Princeton Collection, 1.834.
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264
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
4. Aphidopsi.s mabgarum.
1,
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Vl 18, Fig. 8.
This small and slender species is very dark, almost black as preserved, and pretty uniform. The antennje so far as preserved are excessively slender and rather shorter than the wings. Wings about three times as long as broad, the postcostal vein heavy, uniform, and straight, merging into the stigma, which is twice as broad, but very long and slenderly fusi- form The first oblique vein is perfectly straight and parts from the post- costal at an angle of fully seventy-five degrees ; the second oblique vein, also perfectly straight and rather distant from the first, parts from tlie iJost- costsil at an angle of forty-five degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital \ein very stiff and angular, it and both its branches being rigidly straight; at each furcation it is bent, forking first at rather more than a third way to the hind margin and again about half-way to the apex of the wing, not approaching closely to the stigmatic vein ; the vein originates at more than half-way from the first oblique vein to the stigmatic. The stigmatic vein arises far back, about midway between the forks of the cubital, and is very longitudinal, so that the stigmatic cell is narrow, and exceeds a third the length of the wing. Legs very slender.
Length of body, 2.5-5'"'"; antennii>, ;5.4""" ; wings, 3.75-4"""; middle legs, 2.G'"'".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 5380, 12190, 12683.
It.
5. Armoopsis dalli.
The head and thorax darker than the tolerably uniform abdomen. Antenna' at least half as long again as the body. Wings apparently about three times as long as Iji-oad, the postcostal slender, the stigma pretty large and very long. First oblique vein straight, or nearly straight, parting from tlie postcostal at an angle of about fifty-five degrees ; second oblique rather distant from it, parting at an angle of forty-five degrees, and likewise nearly straight, so tliat the first discoidal cell between them is little more than twice as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein arising more than twice as far from the second oblique vein as that from the first, and about midway between the latter and the stigmatic vein, fii'st forking when hardly
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HBMI ITE RA—llOMOPTERA— APHIDES.
265
I
less than h-^lf-way to tlie hind margin, bent at the first furcation, and passing -exceedingly close to the stigmatic vein, the upper branch of the final fork in direct continuation of the main stei i. Stigmatic vein arising at about one-third the distance from the first to the second furcation of the cubital vein, very longitudinal, so that the stigmatic cell is rather slender and very long, fully two-fifths the length of the wing. Leg.s slender, the femora tol- erably stout, the fore and middle legs of equal length in all parts.
Length of body, ;J.5""" ; antenm^, G..5™"' ; wing.s, 5"""; fore legs, 3.9'"'"; femora, 1 4'°'" ; tibire and tarsi, 2.5""" ; middle legs, 3.9""" ; femora, 1.4""" ; tibiae and tarsi, 2.5""'", hind legs, 5.1"""; femora, 2.2.5"""; tibiae and tarsi, 2.85'"'". Another specimen had a body 4.75'"'" long, with wings nearly 6.5"'"' and hind femora 2.5""" long.
In honor of Mr. William Healy Dall, the malacologist, well known also for his studies of fo.ssil invertebrates.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 9135, and from the Princeton Collec- tion 1.1091.
6. Apiiiuopsis emaciata.
This diminutive species is represented by a single specimen with spread wings, without antenuic or legs. It has an expanse of only six mil- limeters or less. The head and thorax are unlfonuly dark, the abdomen uniformly light colored. Tlie wii'gs are as long as the body and more than three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is bioad, but not darkly pigmented, as usual, and the stigma large and distinct. First oblique vein straight, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about seventy-five degrees ; the second oblique also straight, parting at an angle of about forty-five degrees, but though the wing is slender, the discoidal cell, narrow at base, is several times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein arising about midway between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, and twice as far from the second oblique vein as this from tlie first; it first forks at some distance from the base, and is strongly arcuate, approach- ing nuich nearer the stigmatic than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising very far back, almost to the first furcation of the cubital vein, and, reaching down far into the wing at the start, it gives a very large stigmatic cell, almost half as long as the wing.
Length of body, 2.5'"" ; fore wings, 2.5"'"'.
Florissant. One specimei;, No. 6405. It comes from the uppermost layers.
260
TERTIAUV INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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Aphidopsis sp. PI. 18, Fig. 11.
A single specimen and its reverse is the only instance of an immature plant-louse among the numerous remains of this family at Florissant. This is excellently preserved, and agrees so well in the structure of the antennae and legs and in the form of the abdomen with the species of Aphidopsis, a prevailing type among the Florissant forms, that I venture to place it here; the more so as iu the markings of the abdomen, well represented on the plate, it bears a striking resemblance to A. subterna, the mv)st common species of Aphidopsis. Short conical markings on the outer sides of the fifth visible abdominal segment evidently mark the posiiion of former cornicles.
Length of body, 4"""; antenna-, 4™'"; fore legs, 3.7™"'; femur, 1.6"""; tibia and tarsus, 2.1""" ; middle legs. 4"'"' ; fennir, 1.3""" ; tibi;i and tarsus, 2.7"""; hind legs, 3.5 ?""" ; femur, 1.25 f™"'; tibia and tarsus, 2.25""'.
Florissant. One specin.e;., Nos. 1(»44 and 4271.
10. ORYCTAPHIS gen. nov. (opuwro?. Aphis).
Fore wing's with the stigmatic vein arising froui the middle of the exceed- ingly long and fusiform but moderately broad stigma. Cubital vein (by analogy with the others) twice foi-ked, the first time very far from its origin (which is nearly midway between tlie ba.se of the first oblique and stigmatic veins) and rather before than behind the base of the ciigmatic vein (the ])late is wrong in this respect), the .second time uncertain, as the only speci- mens are not well preserved here. ?3econd oblicpie vein arising many times nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, ^50 that the first disco. ual cell narrow at base is several times wider on the hind margin. Logs moderately slender. Abdomen, as far as can be seen, relatively long and slender.
Table of the apecies of Oryctaphis.
Oblique vein sc.irccly divergent in banal lialf, afterwards dJHtinclly divergent ;. O. recondita.
Oblique veins us divergent in bosal as in apical half 2. O. lemeuHi.
1. Oryctaphis recondita. PI. 18, Fig. 14.
H d and thorax black, abdomen very light. Wings apparently rather mo ; U «^^hree times as long as broad, the postcostal stout, and the stigma vf-rv *'I '^ gated. First oblique vein straight and parting from the postcostal at au viigle of forty-five degrees; so also does the second oblique vein,
IIKMIITKHA— HOMOPTEHx^.— APH1DK8.
267
which arises in close proximity and scarcely diverges from the other in the first third of its course and then bends outward, so that the first dis- coidal cell must be three or four times broader on the hind margin than at the base. Cubital vein arising four times as far from the second oblique vein as it is from the first, and yet not quite half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; it first forks only a little less than half way to the hind margin, and no second furcation can be seen, as the wing is broken. The stigmatic vein arises opposite the first furcation of the cubital vein and curves well down into the wing, so that the stigmatic cell is large, but its relative length can not be determined.
Length of body, S.S""" ; wing, 6.25""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 4475.
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2. Oryctaphis lesueurii.
Head and thorax black, abdomen exceedingly pale. Wings apparently about three times longer than broad, the ^ ostcostal vein very heavy, angu- lated in the slightest possible manner next the oblique veins, the stigma very long and slender. The first oblique vein parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty-five degrees, and is faintly sinuate ; the second, aris- ing close to it, is arcuate apically, but otherwise straight, and parts from tlie postcostal at an angle of forty-five degrees, so that the discoidal cell between them is about four times as broad along the hind border as at the base. Cubital vein indistinct at base, but apparently arising four times as far from the second oblicpie vein as this from the first, and about midway between the first oblique and the stigmatic vein ; it first forks at almost half-\. ay to the hind border, and in passing to that its first fork gradually approaches the second oblique vein. The stigmatic vein appears to arise about half-way between the two furcations of the cubital vein, but no mors can be said of it from its imperfection on both wings. The fore leg.-* are very slender.
Length of body, 4.5"""; wings, 5.5"""; fore femora, LI""'; fore tibia; and tarsi, L5""".
In memory of the early American paleontologist, Charles Alexandre Lesueur.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 9405.
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268
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTE AMEIUCA.
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11. SYCHNOBROCHUS gen. nov. (avxro?, /3p6xo?).
The fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma and very longitudinal. Cuhital vein at least once forked, far from base, and opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, arising nearly midway between the first oblique and stigmatic veins ; beyond it is too poorly pre- served in the only specimen known to be certain whether it forks again or not. Pecond oblique vein arising four times as near the first oblique as the cubital vein, at an angle of less than forty-five degrees with the postcustal vein, the first oblique, which is nearly parallel to it, curving outward in the latter part of its course, so that the first discoidal cell between them is exces- sively long and arcuate. Abdomen long and narrow, narrower than the thorax, twice as long as In-oad, and well rounded apioally.
Sychkobrochus keviviscens.
Ph 18, Pig. 6.
One of the very smallest of the Aphides, unfortunately showing of the appendages only one wing. The head and prothorax are light colored, but darker than the a})domen, which shows darker transverse bands on the pos- terior halves of the segments. The wings are only slightly longer than the bodyf the abdomen being longer than usual), perhaps slightly more than three times as long as broad, the slender postcostal vein parallel throughout with the costa, the interspace more or less clouded with pigment, the stigma moderately broad and very long, reaching nearly or quite to the extreme tip of the wing. The oblique veins are both remarkably long and of nearly equal length, ciu'ving outward apically, and extending so far that even the fir,st terminates well in the outer half of the wing ; they arise close together, the first at an angle of scarcely more, the second of scarcely less, than forty- five degrees wit.i the postcostal. and are nearly ])arallel, the discoidal cell being therefore arcuate and about two or three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubi-lal vein is faint and obscure, apparently arising at a little less than half-way from the first oblique to the siigmatic vein, and fom- or five tiir.os farther from the second oblique than it from tlie first o1)lique vein ; its first forking -an not be satisfactorily determined, but it appears to be far from the base and a very little in advance of the stigmatic vein ; it has the same sweep as the oblique veins. The stigmatic
.
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HBMIPTERA— nOMOPTKUA— AIMIIDES.
269
vein arises tolerably early, and is considerabl}- airuate ai base, afterwards longitudinal, the stignmtic cell being nearly or quite a third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 2.5'""' ; fore wing, 'i.?;')"™.
Florissant. One specimen, No. .SI 4.
Subfamily SCHIZONEURIN/E Passerini. 12. SCIIIZONKlIliOIDKS IJuckton.
Schizoiieuroidcii liiivkl,, Miiiiogr. Urit. Aphldu8, IV, 17d (1H8X)
Fore wings with the postcostal vein distant from the margin and curved in an opposite sense. Stignmtic vein arising very early, near the proximal end of the long stigma, so that the stigmatic coll is fully two-fifths the length of the wing. Cubital vein once forked far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and at a long distance from its own origin, which is near the middle of the outer half of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second oblique vein arising twice as near the first as the cubital vein, but not very near the former, though somewhat nearer than repre- sented on the plate, diverging from it at a slight angle, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them is nearly or luite four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Abdomen long oval, no broader than the thorax, about twice as long as broad, and a little pointed apically.
A single species is known.
SCHIZONEUROIDES SCUDDERI.
- -«x-'
PI. 18, Fig. 2. •
Schitoneuroide* ecudderi Bnokt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 178, PI. 133, Fig. r> (1883) ; Soudd., Zittel, Haiidl). d. Pala-ont., I, ii, 780, Fig. 988 (1885).
The greater portion of a l)ody with the wings of one side represents this small species. The 1)ody is mottled and barred with dark brown. The wing is represented on the plate with altogether too full a hind margin, for the wins: is reallv more than three times as long' as broad. The middle of the base of the first discoidal cell is midway between the base of the wing and the stigmatic vein. The first oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degreed ; the second gently sinuate, "t au
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270
TE^TIAKY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMEUIU.
angle of fbrty-fi\e degrees with tlie same ; the discoidal cell about four times as hroad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein forks about at its middle and then rather widely.
Length of body, 1.8'""'; of fore wing, 4"""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 315.
13. AMALANCON gen. nov. (d/uahk, dviccov).
Head consideraldy narrower than the thorax, quadrate, with tlie from triangularly and roundly i)roduced to a considerable degree ; no frontal tubercles. Antenna^ about two-thirds as long as the body, tapering, the third joint relatively stout, about as long and at base fully as stout as the fore tibia-, the first and second joints not oneiialf broader. Rostrum as long as the thorax, very slender. Fore wings very iiurrow, with the otigmatic vein arising very far back in the long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is nearly half as long as the wing. Cubital vein once forked, far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and a long way fnun its own origin, which is at some distance before the middle of the space between the first oblique and the stigmatic veins : second ()l)lique vein iarising somewhat nearer the first oblique thim the stigmatic vein, diverging iroiu the foruit-r slightly, so that In .'irst diircoidail rell l)etweei] them is ob^ two or thrtt; time-^ as broad on the hind margin as at the baw-
"The Uiame is given witk itweiiu to ;je weakness of the cubital vein, which it .shares i»iitii Aneonatms.
A .single specie* is known.
.1
AmaLANCOF LOTOfiUS. PI. 18, Fig. 13.
The da^AarilHlfttflHBai of an insect are all that remain of the body fmrX frf tbe ke^ snia most of one fiwe wing. The thickened post- vwn is very a^giriijr sinuous and blends apically into the stigma. ifii'st oblifjue vein m gtrwight and at an angle of fifty degrees with the poatcostiii ('second aisr. straight and .at 'an angle of forty-five degrees with the samu, the first discoid*ti cell being two or three times broader on (he hind margin than at the base. The cubital vein, exceedingly weak, has
HEMIPTE K A— UOMOPTEK A— A I'HI IJE8.
271
a coui'He midway in the spjice between tlie second oblique and stigmatic veins, and forks about half-way to the tip of the wing. The stiguiutic cell is long and slender. The whole wing is very narrow, but its exact pro- portions are uncertain ; probably it is more than three times as long as broad.
Length of fore wing, 2.75""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 340.
14. ANCONATUS Huckton.
Anconatui Backt., Monogr. Brit. AphideH, IV, 177 (lSfJ3).
Head rather small, subquadrate, broader than long, the front entire and straight. No frontal tubercles. Antennje apparently much shorter than the body, very slender, separated by twice the width of the basal joint, the first and second joints quadrate and successively smaller, the third half the width of the first. Wings narrow, the stigmatic vein arising at about the middle of a pretty large and long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is generally about a third the length of the wing. Cubital vein very feeble, once forked before, generally considerably before, the stigmatic vein and at a moderjite distance (limits own origin, which is in the second fourtli ol the space betwe^.i the first oblique and stigmatic veins. Second oblicpie vein arising about twice as near the first oblique as the cubital vein, diverg- ing considerably from the first oblique vein which is unusually transverse, but the first discoidal cell is oniy three or four timos as broad on the hind margin as at the liase. Legs moderately stout but 'i>ng, the middle femora being nearly as long a* the width ot the body the hind femora as the length of the abdomen. Abdomen stout ovate, considerably broader than the thorax, broadest behind the middle, somewhat pointed apically, with no Cauda, and only short cornicles.
t
Table of the speoies of AnconatH$.
Cubital vein forkinj; a lone way before the KiKnuitio veto, ami arising only a little before the middle of the space hot ween the first obliqne and stigmatic VPine 1. A. dorauoatu.
Cnbitnl vein forking only a littli' l)efore the stigmatic vein iiinl very far from its origin, which is at abont the middle of the proximal half uf the space betweeu the first obliiiuc and stigmatii^ veins.
2. A. bucktoni.
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272 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
1. AncONATUS UOR8U08US.
PI. 18, Fig. 9.
Anconatui dortuoiu$ Biickt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177-178, PI. 133, Fig. 4 (1883).
This large species is represented by several sijecimens, all tolerably complete with more or less spread wings. In all the body is uniformly dark, but in none is the form of the wing shown. The postcostal vein is more or less slender, and merges into the greatly elongated snbfusiforni stigma, which fades out shortly before the tip of the wing. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about seventy degrees, while the second is more or less arcuate after a short distance from the base and its general course is at an angle of forty-five degrees with the postcostal, though the first discoidal cell is apparently only a little more than three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein arising scarcely before the middle of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins and, running midway between the second oblique and Htigmatic veins, forking at some distance before the stigmatic vein (in which the figure is not quite correct) and at about the end of one-third of its course. Htigmatic cell very slender, the stigmatic vein being only gently arcuate, and the cell nearly a third the len^Lh (/f the wing.
Length of body, 6"'™ ; of fore wing, 8""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3228, 4827, 11175.
2. Anconatus bucktoni.
The body is deep black, with pale blotches on the abdomen of one specimen, which may be only flaws in the carbonaceous matter. Excepting the wings and fragments of legs, no appendages are preserved, unless it be one of the cornicles, a slender, equal, not very long, black stem protruding on one side at the place of the cornicle, and less than one-fourth the width of the abdomen. The form of the wings cin not be determined, but a})par- ently they are very narrow. The postcostal vein and stigma are tvs in A. dorsuosiis. The first oblique vein is straight, and diverges from the post- costal at an angle of fifty degrees : the second, equally straight, as far as it can be seen (not over one-half its couiise), at an angle of forty degrees ; the stigmatic cell not wholly determinate but perliaps wider at base than in A.
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HBMIPTERA—HOMOPTEBA -APHIDES.
273
dorsuosus and exceedinjjly long-, being nearly Iialf as lonjf hh tlio wing. The cubital vein arises at about tiio middle of the proximal half of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, takes a course in the spaco open to it, a little below the middle, and forks only a little beforo the stigmatic vein, far from its base and very low down, the inferior branch being short.
Length of body, 3.5""" ; of fore wing, T.-'i"™.
Named for my friend, George Bowdlor Buckton, K.sq., whose mono- graph of the British Aphides is a monument of patient work.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2067, 14289.
A
15. PTEROSTIGMA Buckton.
Pterotlignia Duckt., Moiiogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 178 (1883).
Head and antenna; precisely as in Anc^onatus, excepting that the basal antennal joints are slenderer, «<» that the frontal spaco between the antennse is several times their width.' Foti; wings exceptionally narrow, with the straight postcostal vein distant from the convex margin, the stigmatic vein arising before the middle of the long, curving and tapering stigma, so that the cell Is nearly two-fifths as long as the wing (it is shorter than would appear from the plate). Cubital vein very feeble, once forked wtsU before the base of the stigmatic vein and at no very great distance from its own origin, which Is near the middle of the space between the first oblique and the stigmatic veins. Second oblupie vein arising close to the first and many times nearer It than the cubital vein, sinuous and diverging from the straigliter first oblique vein at a considerable angle, so that the first dlscoidal cell between them is about four timers broader on the hind margin than at the base. I>egs very slender, but not very long. Abdomen pretty regu- larly oval, apically rounded.
Table of the iipto(ea of Pterottigma.
DaHeR of tliesecond oblique and Htigiiiatio veius liitrdly more dintant than the extreme breadth of the wiii({ 1. /'. recurvum.
HaHCR nf the Hecond obll(|iiu and Htif^matic voius more than half ax distant again an the extreme breadth of the wiug '2. I', nigrum.
' What Bncktun took for a rostrum of three joints is a broken pare of the right nntenna. VOL XIII 18
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274
TEHTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
1. Pterostioma recurvum.
PI. 18, Fig. 18. Pterontigma recurvum Duckt,, Monogr, Brit. AphidoH, IV, 178, PI. 133, Fig. 6 (1865).
A single spocimen with expanded wings lies entangled with a species of Aphidinai (Tephrapliis walshii). The basal joints of the antenna) are preserved, and show the characteristics mentioned undor the genus. The fore wings are nearly three times as long as broad, with scarcely any fullness along the hind margin, being exceptionally symmetrical. The thickened postcostal vein is almost straight, with the slightest possible curve from the margin, and in the middle of the wing blonds into the exceedingly long, slender, and arcuate stigma, which curves around the tip of the wing nearly to the middle line ; the costal margin is considerably arcuate at base and distant from the postcostal vein. The oblique veins as far as preserved are nearly straight and considerably divergent, but the second is only preserved in its basal half or third ; it diverges from the postcostal about forty degrees, the first as much as fifty degrees. The cubital vein is very faint throughout, but arises about six times as far from the second oblique as that from the first, and at only a short distance less than half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; it has a very longitudinal course and forks narrowly, well before the base of the stigmatic vein and at from one-fourth to one-third the distance from its origin to the extremity of its lower branch. The stigmatic vein parts gently from the stigma and for most of its course is straight, the stigmatic cell being narrow, broadest apically, and nearly two-fifths as long as the wing. The openness of the first dis- coidal cell apically can not be determined, but seems to have been three or four times as broad here as at base. The abdomen seems to be oval, scarcely broader than the thorax, and shows no signs of cauda or cornicles.
Length of body, ^'i.^""" ; of fore wing, 5.76""°.
No part of the wing is displaced by pressure, as suggested as possibly the case by Buckton ; on the contrary it is exceptionally undisturbed ; but as drawn on the plate the extreme base of the stigmatic vein is not given (and is in reality very faint and only visible in certain lights), while the apparent short vein close to its base is foreign to the wing. The obscure cubital vein was overlooked when the drawing was made.
Florissant One specimen, No. 8085.
I
IlKMIl'TIiKA— HOMOl'TKUA— l'8VLLII)it}.
275
i
2. PtEROSTIOMA NIOKI'M.
Only tlio body, somcwlmt distortod, and one fore wing nro preaorvod, wliii'li do not peniiit ho conij '"to a description as of tlio procedin}^ species. The wing appears to ho uhout three times as long as broad, and with the same symmetrical form seen in the preceding species. Tlio postcostal \ 'in is thick ill id straight, blending into the considerably thickened stigma. The oblicpio veins are each very gently arcnate with the oj)ening toward the stigma, unnsnally obliqne and little divergent, the general course of the first being scarcely more than forty-fix o degrees with the postcostal, that of the second not above forty degrees ; the second is more sinuous and terminates fully as far out as oi)posito the ])ase of the stigmatic vein, the first opposite the base of the cubital, so that the cell is at least four times as wide on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein is very faint, especially toward the base, but arises four or five times as far from the second oblique as the latter from the first oblique vein, and 8(;u'cely less than half-way from the first o) lique to the stigmatic vein ; it has an exceed- ingly longitudinal course and forks very narrowly far before the base of the stigmatic vein, but just how far the single specimen does not permit deciding. The stigmatic vein parts rather rapidly from the stigma and is strongly arcuate at base, but the form of the stigmatic cell can not be made out. The body is very black and uniform throughout, the abdomen short ovate, and well rounded, with no sign of caudaor cornicles.
Length of body, 3.5™"' ; of wings, 5""".
Florissant. One specimen, Xo. (JOOO.
Family PSYJLLIDyE Latreille.
This little family of leaf fleas, closely allied to the Aphides, but always winged at maturity and showing some curious resemblances in neuration to the Psocidtc among Neuroptera, seems to be best represented, like the Aphides, in temper.ite regions. Hitherto it has not been found fossil, but the shales of Florissant lun'O now yielded remains of two species belonging to two difierent groups and representing extinct genera allied to Psylla, Pachypsylla, and Psyllopsis.
Table of the genera of PtyUidw.
Stem of the cubital vein before its fork as luii;; as the Htem of tlio subcostal vein 1 . Necropiylla.
Stem of the cubital voiu before its fork distinctly shorter than that of the subcostal vein.. 2. Catopiylla.
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TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
1. NFCROPSYLLA gen. nov. (vexpi?, Psylla).
This name is proposed for a specied belonging to the subfamily Apha- larinaj, which shows a close resemblance to Psyllopsis. As there, the wing is membranous. The petiolus cubiti is of the same length as the discoidal part of the subcosta, and the general relation of the principal nervnres is the same ; it h only in minor details that it differs here, such as the excep- tional length of the up})er branch of the subcosta and the transverse course of the lowest branch of the cubital. But the most striking difference is in the form of the wing, which in Psyllopsis is pretty regularly obovate, the widest part of the wing in the middle, the apex well rounded. In Necro- psylla, on the other hand, it is subtrinngular, the broadest part just before the apex, which is very broadly rounded ; both upper and lower margins are nearly straight. Little is preserved besides the wings.
When first noticed it was thought to belong to the P-socidse, near Pso- quilla and Spha^ropsocus, and was accordingly figured among the Neurop- tera.
A single species is known.
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Necropsyi.la rigida.
PI. 12, Figs. 11, 21.
Head broad, fully twice as broad as long, rounded, the nasus strongly pronounced, orbicular, very large. Whole body stout, the prothorax appai- ently at least three times as broad as long, the abdomen tapering a little only, and furnished at the tip with a sliort, slender, conical, bluntly tipped style. Wings two and a half times longer than lu'oad, wedge-shaped, being largest near the tip and narrowing pretty regularly toward the base, though more rapidly on the basal third than bej'ond, the costal margin arched, the tip very fully rounded, the inner margin perfectly straight. A principal vein runs through the middle of the v irig ; at the end of the first third it divides into two forked stems, the cul)ital and subcostal, each of them forked for the first time opposite each other at about the middle of tha wing ; the subcostal forks only this time, its upper offshoot curving at once up toward aiid then following close to the costal margin, where it descends into the apical margin ; the cubital runs in a straight course midway between the former and the veins below. The lower branch, on dividing.
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sends one offshoot along the middle of the vnng, which forks at a little more than half-way to the tip, the forks curving a little downward ; the other offshoot parts widely from the upper, but when it nears the inner margiti, at a little beyond the middle of the wing, it is connected by a cross- vein with the margin, while it itself passes with a strong curve to the apical mar- gin just beyond the limita of the straight inner margin. Besides these veins there are two others, which are obscure and may originate independently or from this central vein near the base ; the upper strikes the upper margin a little before the middle of the wing and runs parallel to the upper offsnoot of the principal vein ; the other, the anal vein, which is more uncertain, strikes the inner margin a little nearer the base, reaching it with a similar bpt reverse obliquity.
Length of body, 3""° ; breadth, 0.75""" ; length of wing, 2""" ; breadth, 0.78""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 310, 349, 7598, 12017.
2. CATOPSYLLA gen. nov. (xaTW, Psylla).
Belongs to the subfamily Psyllinae, in which the petiole of the cubital vein is distinctly shorter than the discoidal portii^n of the subcostal. It is most nearly related to Psylla itself, and indeed differs from it only in the excessive length of the cubital cells, which are more than a third the length of the wing, and besides are of very simple and similar structure, in which respect it agrees better with Pachypsylla, recently described by Riley, though the cells are not so long as there and the two sides of the wing are more symmetiical in form, the apex of the wing falling exactly in the mid- dle line ; the upper cubital branch falls barely below the middle of the apex of the wing. Tlie wing was pretty evidently membranous, and its broadest portion is in the middle of the outer half, before which it decreases regularly and gently in size, both front and hind margins being nearly straight.
A single species is known.
Catopsylla. prima.
Wings fully twice as long as broad, largest in the strongly rounded apical half, decreasing rejnlarly in size toward the base. Lower fork of subcostal vein forming with its stem a regular, very gently arcuate curve and terminating considerably above the apex of the wing, its upper branch
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divorging from it angularly toward the costal margin just before the end of the proximal third of the wing, and just before reaching the margin bend- ing abruptly outward parallel to the lower branch, not really reaching the margin until toward the apex of the wing. In the cubital vein the lowern)ost fork makes a continuoua, regular and rather strongly arcuate curve with the discoidal portion, striking the margin just before the middle of the wing ; the upper branch of the lower fork parts from this just about opposite the forking of the subcostal, while the upper fork, not so wide as the lower, arises at three-fifths tlie distance from the base of the wing, making the inclosed cell of unusual length for Psyllida? ; the upper branch of this fork falls scarcely below the apex of the wing, and the tips of the cubital forks fall at subequidistant intervals along the margin, the lower cell the wider.
Length of body, S""; wing, 2.5"""; breadth of latter, 1.2"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 6712.
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Family FULGORINA Burmeister.
This family is fairly well represented in Tertiary deposits and by a considerable variety of forms, all the subfamilies being represented except the Tropiduchida, Derbida, and Lophopida; and, what is curious, each of the subfamilies is represented both in European and American strata, excepting only the Issida, confined to Europe, and the Achilida, found only in Amer- ica, each by a single species, the one in Radoboj, the other at Florissant. In Europe the Fulgorina are represented by Poeocera in amber, the Dictyo- pharida by Pseudophana both in amber and at Oeningen, the Cixiida by Cixius in amber, the Del|)liacida by Asiraca at Aix, the Ricaniida by Rica- nia in amber, and the Flatida by Flata, also in amber. The only one of these genera recognized in America is Cixius, and that doubtfully; but these subAimilies are fiir better represented, and in some instances by new and peculiar types. , Thus of Fulgorida we have Nyctophylax, Aphana, Lystra, and Fulgora, all with more than one species, from various locali- ties ; of Dictyopharida, a Dictyophara from Florissant ; of Cixiida, not only Cixius but Oliarus, Diaplegma, Oliarites, and Florissantia, all but the first peculiar types and Diaplegma with no less than seven species— all these from Green River and Florissant; of Delphacida, Delphax, and Planophlebia, the latter a remarkable extinct type from British Columbia; of Ricaniida
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEliA— FULGOltlNA.
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Hammapteryx, a new genus frcm Green River ; and of Flatida, two species of Litliopsis and one of Ficarasites, both new types and from Green lliver. America is therefore far richer tlian Europe both in the number and divei'- sity of its fulgorine fauna, but especially in tlio latter. About half the European species have been referred to Cixius alone, and, as we have seen, Diaplegma, a genus of Cixiida, is the most abundant American type.
Subfamily FULQORIDA Stdl.
This groiip, which includes among its members the lantern-fly and other light-giving, or presumably light-giving, insects, has heretofore been found fossil only in amber, three species of Pccocera having been described therein. Now, however, we are able to add from the American I'ocks a con- siderable numb'jr and variety of forms, referred to four different genera, one of them, Nyctophylax, extinct and composed of large species with recurved snout.
NYCTOPHYLAX gen. nov. (^vvurocpvXa^).
Large bodied insects, nearly allied to Enchophora. The head pre- sented a recurved process of subequal diameter (as seen from the side) and tolerably stout, exceeding a little tlie diameter of the head ; it was directed upward and a little backward, not reaching the posterior margin of the head, very bluntly pointed, laterally carinate. Legs short and moderately stout, the hind femora not surpassing the middle of the abdomen, both femora and tibiae apparently carinate or tetraquetral throughout. Tegmina considerably surpassing the abdomen, densely reticulate in the apical fourth only. Type, N. uhleri.
Table of the speoiea of Nj/ctophylax.
Larger species (tegmina twenty millimeters in longtli). Extreme tip of tbe reonrved process of tbe head separated from thesiimmit of the head by nearly twice its own greatest diameter.. 1. N. iMeri.
Smaller species (tegmina lifteen millimeters in length). Extreme tip of the recurved process of the bead 8epnraf«d from the summitof the head by not more than its own gi^atest diameter. .2. .AT. vigil,
1. Nyctophylax uhleri. PI. 19, Fi-. 11.
This is one of the larg-est of the Homoptera known in a fossil state, and from the development of the frontal process was not improbably a noctilu- cous insect. It is preserved on a side view ; the fracture of the stone has removed a portion of the front, but has fortunately left intact the posterior
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connection of the process to the vertex, by which it is seen to be here fibruptly bent backward, but at the same time upward, so as to leave an annulate opening between it and the head. The head is streaked with pale, relieved by dark along the incisures, and the process is longitudinally marked in the same way, the carinai being dark. The tegnjina are broad, expand- ing triangularly, roundly angulate at the apex, which is in the middle of the upper half, and surpass the abdomen by about one-fifth their length ; they are dark but mottled with lighter colors, and in the apical reticulate portion the nervules and cross-veins are heavily marked with white, breaking this part of the wing up into pretty regular, rectangular and longitudinal, fulig- inous cells of very equal breadth, but varying in length from one to three times their breadth. The legs are dark, marked longitudinally with paler colors, and the dark abdomen is much paler in broad bands at the incisures.
Length of body, 20 ? "'"' ; height of thorax, 7"'"' ; length of process beyond the head, 3""" ; breadth of same, 1""" ; length of tegmina, 20""" ; their breadth, 8"""; length of fore femora, 4"™; tore tibiaj, O""'; hind femora, 5 5""" ; hind tibia?, 7""".
This striking insect, the possible light bearer of the ancient Florissant nights, is named for my friend Mr. P. R. Uhler, who has done more than any one else to illumine the path of the student of Hemiptera in our country.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 11771.
2. Nyctopiiylax vigil. PL 19, Fig. 8.
This species seems to differ from the preceding, so far as can be seen, only in its smaller size and the shorter and more abruptly recurved process of the head, the apex of which only reaches a point opposite the middle of the eye, and is removed from the summit of the head by scarcely its own greatest width. Unfortunately this part was not exposed on the stone when it was drawn, and the front of the specimen, which is preserved in nearly the same position as in that of N. uhleri, is broken to almost precisely the same extent as th^'-e. The markings are throughout the same, excepting that the pale bands at the incisures of the abdomen appear to be narrower.
Length of body, 16"""; height of thorax, 4.5"""; length of process beyond the head, 1 2"'"' ; breadth of same, 0.9""" ; length of tegmina, 14.75"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 12088.
HEMIPTEKA— UOMOPTEKA— I'ULGOltlNA.
APHANA Burmeister.
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To this genua are provisionally referred a couple of species which belong in this neighborhood, but probably not together. No other extinct species have been referred to this group, which is essentially subtropical.
Aphana atava.
PL 5, Figs. 96, 97.
Aphana a'ava Sondd., Ball. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., Ill, 759-7C0 (1877).
A single finely preserved specimen, giving the upper surface of the body, the displaced tegmina of one side, and a part of the middle leg of the opposite side, is referred provisionally to Aphana. It plainly belongs to the true Fulgorina, and seems to agree better with Aphana than with any other genus concerning which information is at hand, but it is much smaller than the species of Aphana (as it is larger than those of Pceocera), and differs from it in the structure of the head and the brevity of the tegmina. The head is small, being scarcely more than one-third the width of the body, the eyes not prominent, the front scarcely angulated, and the vertex of about equal length and breadth ; it is marked above with two longitudi- nal blackish stripes, and the thorax with a median, and, on either side, a broad, lateral, black stripe, all of them bordered by paler parts and the median marked with a median pale line. The front of the thorax is strongly and regularly convex, and the posterior border of the mesonotum is rect- angular. The tegmina are about three times as long as broad, with nearly parallel borders, the tip roundly pointed ; the apical fifth is filled with fine, closely parallel, longitudinal veinlets, extending from the tip of the radial vein to the inner border, forming an area of equal widtli throughout. The radial vein is parallel to the costa throughout. The ulnar veins originate almost exactly as in Acrsephia, but the upper one does not fork before the middle of the wing, when it sends downward a single shoot, while the lower forks almost immediately, and again emits a vein beyond the middle of the wing. The wing itself is apparently diaphanous, but is mottled lightly with faint fuliginous along the costal border, and more heavily, but irregularly, with dark fuscous on the basal half of the wing, especially next the extreme base, and in a rather broad and straight but irregularly margined and oblique band, crossing the wing from just below the sutural angle equally
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TEUTIAUY INSliOTS OF NORTH AMEltlCA.
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backward and outward. Middle leg moderately stout ; femur and tibia of o(jual width, straight, apparently with sharp edges. Abdomen full, rounded, broad, the extremity broadly rounded ; it is dusky, especially beyond the base, the neighborhood of the spiracles darker, the fifth to the seventh seg- ments with a medio-dorsal (or medio- ventral!) raised line marked in black.
Length of body, 9.5'"'" ; breadth of head, 1.8""" ; of abdomen, 5""" ; length of tegmina, 10'"'"; width of same, 3.5'"'"; length of femora some- wh.v^ doubtful), 2""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, W. Denton.
ApiIANA ROTUNUIPENNIS.
PI. C, Fig. 27.
Aphana rotundipennia Sciidd., Hull. U. S. Geol. Googr. Snrv. Torr., IV, 772 (1878).
This name is proposed for a couple of wings which seem by their obscure venation to belong in the same group as the last. Tliey differ, how- ever, in having a strongly bowed costa, which is curved more apically than near the base, and continues very regularly the curve of the well-rounded apex ; the commissural border is perfectly straight ; the principal veins fork near the base, so that there are a number of longitudinal veins a short dis- tance therefrom ; no transverse veins are discernible, nor oblique veins at the costal margin, but the longitudinal veins all fork at a similar distance from the apex, so that the apical fi^.h of the wing is filled with still more numerous longitudinal veins ; the tegmina are broadest just beyond the middle.
Length of tegmina, 6.75'"" ; breadth of same, 3'"'".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 175 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson), 4187 (S. H. Scudder).
LYSTRA Fabricius.
The specimens that are placed here are very obscure and imperfect, and when better ones are obtained the species will very probably have to be removed elsewhere, and perhaps even to another subfamily ; but what can be made out reminds one of this group as well as of any other, and they are therefore placed here provisionally, though it is plain that they do not belong together. No fossil species besides these have been recorded.
Table of the ipecka of Lyatra.
Lateral sulci of mesonotum parallel j, £_ richardaoni.
Lateral sulci of mesouotum posteriorly conyorgent a. /,. le«i.
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1. Lystra? KICHAKDSONI. PI. 6, Figs. 24, 30, 31; PI. 7, Figs. 1, 3. Lyitrat rUhardtoni Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 772 (1878).
I have before me a number of specimens of a large fulgorid, r2)par- ently belonging near Lystra and Poeocera, but which have been preserved only in a fragmentary condition. Enough, however, remains to show several features : the vertex between the eyes is half as broad again as the eyes, and at least as long as broad, projecting beyond the eyes by more than the diameter of the latter and well rounded. The scutellum is largo, fully as long as broad. The longitudinal veins of the tegmina are rather infrequent, forking rarely, and even toward the apex seldom connected by cross-veins ; apparently all the principal veins branch at about the same points, viz, near the middle of the basal and of the apical half; the teginina somewhat surpass the abdomen. The body is broadest at the second or third abdominal segment, and tapers rapidly to a point, the segments being equal in length.
Length of body, 16""°; probable length of tegmina, 15.5°""; breadth of abdomen, 5.5""°.
Named for one of the earliest collectors of Green River fossil insects, Mr. F. C. A. Richardson.
Green River, Wyoming. Eleven specimens, Nos. G7, 110 (F. C. A. Richardson), 40, 41, 109 (L. A. Lee), 121, 123 (A. S. Packard), 4076, 4207 and 4208, 4212, 4217 (S. H. Scudder).
2. Lystea? leei. PI. 7, Fig. 2.
A species is indicated of about the same size and general form as L. richardsoni, preserved so as to show a dorsal view with the greater jjart of at least one of the diaphanous tegmina and the thorax, but not the head nor other appendages. The mesonotum was broad and well rounded in front, contracted behind, nearly twice as broad as long, with the interior third of each lateral half separated by a straight oblique sulcus from the parts with- out, as deep as the median sulcus, and apically curving abruptly inward to it; scutellum moderately large, truncate basally, triangular and almost equiangular, the apex produced finely to a point, the sides slightly concave.
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Tegmina somewhat surpassing the abdomen, the longitudinal veins in general much as in L. richardsoni. Abdomen much as there.
Length of fragment, 11.5"'"^, probable length of body, 10""" ; length of tegmina, 10.25"""; breadth of abdomen, 5.25'"'.
Named for Prof Leslie A. liee, of Bowdoin College, a diligent collector of Green River fossil insects.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 119, Dr. A. S. Packard.
FULGORA Linnd.
The species placed here are so referred only because, appearing to belong to the subfamily of which this is a typical member, they can not bo more definitely placed. No other fossil insects have been referred to this place.
FULOORA GRANULOSA. PI. 0, Fig. 35. rilgora granufoaa Scmld., Hull. V. S. Geol. Googr. Surv. Turr., IV, 771-77-2 (1878).
A single specimen and its reverse show only the thorax and abdomen of an insect belonging to the subfamily of Fulgorida, but of which little more can be said. Tiie thorax is large, globose, and black ; the scutellum is about iialf as large as the thorax, longer than broad, and rounded at the apex ; the abdomen tapers gently, its apex about half as broad as its base, and is provided with a pair of overlapping, black, roundish, oval plates, giving the appearance of an additional segment. The surface of the thorax and abdomen is thickly and uniformly granulate with circular, dark-edged elevations, averaging 0.04"'°' in diameter ; the scutellum lacks this marking, excepting at the edges, which are more minutely and profusely granulate.
Length of body, 8.5'""'; of thorax, 2.75"'"; of scutellum, 1.4™"'; of appendages,!"""; breadth of thorax, 2.5'°'" ; of scutellum, 1.25'"°' ; of second segment of abdomen, 2.2"'"*.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 49 and 131 (F. C. A. Richardson).
FuLGORA POPULATA. PL 7, Fig. 16.
The dorsal view of a headless insect with overlapping wings but no other appendages. The mesonotum is transverse, about three times as broad as long, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly broadly rounded so as to be
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only one-fourth as long on the aidos as in tho middle, tlio surface smooth or microscopically scabrous, witli exceedingly scattered, pale, circular spots or pustules about 0.03""" in diameter. Scutellum large, nearly as broad as tho raesonotum, and almost three-fourths as long as broad, the sides slightly concave, the apex produced and pointed, the surface similar to that of the pronotum but with fewer pustules Base of the tegmina and particularly of the clavus apparently very finely granulate, the neuration obscurely preserved, the tegmina apparently just reaching the tip of tlie abdomen.
Length of fragment, 7"'"' ; of mesonotum, O.C""" ; breadth of same, 1.7"'"'; of abdomen, 2.8"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. Ill, Dr. A. S. Packard.
FULGORA OBTICESCENS. PI. 19, Fig. 1.
A small specimen appearing to belong in this subfamily, though cer- tainly not in Fulgora, in which it is placed only in its ancient broad sense. A dorsal view is presented, showing little besides the body and some of the veins of the tegmina, which reached to the extremity of the abdomen. The head was half as broad as the thorax. The thorax was large and rounded subquadrate, tho scutellum also large and rather bluntly angled posteriorly, the abdomen lighter colored than the rest of the body and conico-fusiform with broad, pale incisures. The fore legs were slender and linear, and the longitudinal veins of the diaphanous tegmina rather distant with scanty cross-veins.
Length of body, 4""" ; greatest breadth, 1.25"".
Florissant. One specimen, No, 12069.
Subfamily DICTYOPHARIDA St&l.
A considerable group of mostly tropical forms, of which the only known fossil species are those mentioned below.
DICTYOPHARA Germar.
Two species of Pseudophana Burmeister, regarded by Stal as the same as this genus, have been described from the European Tertiaries, one from immature specimens in amber, the other a winged insect from Oeningen. The species added below is placed in this genus as typical of Dictyopha-
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ridii, to which tho insect appoiirH to belong. Tho genus is now coniintMl to warm countries, hut is found in hotli worlds, lleor compares tho Ooningon fossil to a species found living' in Georgia.
DiCTYOPHABA KOUVEI. PI. 21, Fig. 10.
A pair of specimens, hoth seen upon a side view, which appear to l)oloiig together. Head not protuberant in front of the eyes, well rounded. Rostrum reaching to tho base of the posterior legs; it is poorly represented on the plate in a too curved line. Dorsum of thorax well arched. Legs moderately long and of medium stoutness. Tegmina four times as long aa broad, surpassing a little the length of the body, rather slender and sub- e(iual, tho apex subacute, obliquely subtrunciito below. Wings ample, tho veins of tho anal area divergent, arcuate, apically distant, the outermost, tailing on the border at the middle of tho apical half of the wing, narrowly and very deeply forked.
Length of body, 14""" ; height of same, 4.5™"' ; length of tegmina, 12'""' ; breadth of same, 3"'"' ; length of rostrum, 4 5"'"'.
Named for the Boston geologist, Thomas T. Bouve, Esq.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 126, 4348.
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Snbfamilj'^ CIXIIDA Stal.
About a third of the fossil Fulgoridjc of Eiu'ope have been referred to this subfamily. They are all from amber and are considered as species of Cixius. To this we can now add from American rocks twelve species of at least five genera, three of them, Oliarites, Diaplegma, and Florissantia, regarded as extinct types. They all belong in the vicinity of Cixius and Oliarus, and one of them, Diaplegma, has as many as seven 8i)ecie8. The modern species of this group appear to bo world wide in distribution.
CIXIUS Latreille.
To this genus as typical of the subfamily only two forms are here placed, which can hardly belong in the same generic group. Many fossil species are known in amber, but none from the rocks have before been referred here. Both the 82)ecie8 here described and figured are very imper- fect.
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ClXIUel IIK8PKRIDUM. PI. 6, Fig. 10.
Cixiiitt kttperidum Scndd., Hull. U. 8. Geol. Ooogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 77^-77:1 (1878).
A single fragment, reproHenting ii nearly ])erfoct tognien, with obscure venation, is probably to bo referred to Gixius, but is unsatisfactory ; the costal border is gently and regularly convex, the tip w(fll rounded, with no projecting apex ; the tegnien appears to increase very slightly in size to a little beyond the middle, up to whicu point the borders are nearly parallel ; the course and branching of the iiervures, so far as they can be nuide out, seem to indicate an insect allied to fixius, but no cross-veins can be seen
Length of tegmen, G.2""" ; its greatest breadth, 2.5""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 38, F. C. L Richardson.
ClXIua? PROAVUS.
ri. 19, Fig. 14.
An Insect apparently allied not distantly to Florissantia olegans and but little smaller than it, but w'th considerable difference in the neuration of the tegmina. The head is not preserved, but mu.st have been at least as narrow as there, the thorax being transverse but triangular and longer than in Florissantia, although its apex is angularly einarginate, receiving the broadly angled base of the very large, otherwise triangular scutollum. which has a fine mesial sulcation. Tegmina surpassing the abdomen moderately, with no pterojtigma, the first cross-veins, at which the longitudinal veins are forked and new cells arise, crossing the middle of the apical two-thirds of the wings, beyond which point the longitudinal veins run unforked to the margin, so that there are but a basal and an apical series of cells, the latter, about eight in number, striking tlie apical margin ; there appear to be a few dusky spots in the middle of these apical cells.
Length of body as preserved, 10™"'; breadth of same, 3.1 F)""" ■ length of tegmina, 10.5"""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1.70.5, Princeton Expedition.
OLIARUS Stal.
A single species is referred here provisionally to indicate its apparently nearest alliance among living forms. The genus has never been found fossil, but all of the known fossil Cixiida are nearly allied to it
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TEKTIAilY INSIiCTS OF NOliTH AMERICA.
OmARUsI LUTKN8I8. J^l. 7, Fig, 18.
Tho spocioH plarod horo provi.-i-onally can cortaiiily not boloHjjf horo, Jis tlio Kcutolliiin is only tricariiiato, ami the voins of tlio tofjfiuiiia aro .snunilh and f.ontiiiiious. Kvidoutly, howovtM-, it roiiu's near it, to jmlgo from tlio course ot" tho viMiation. TIki IkvuI, of wliicli only tlio jjart lying botwoon the eyca is preserved, is very small and narrow, little prominent; the thorax, not properly shown in the plate, transverse, eijua', short, angidarly ber.t, so that the bai.o of the sniitelliim being almost as strongly angulato as its tip, the KcntelliMu is dvunond-i.haped ; it has three v(>ry doru^ato carituv, the Iat"riil ones divergent. The tegmina arc three times as long as broad, con- siderably surpassing tho abdomeii, diapl anoiis, with a dusky roundish spot just below the costal edge in ihennddleof ilie apical two-thirds; just before it th<^ main longitiulinal veins (irst fork and aro united by cross-veins in a zig;-ag nianniM', and the;, again fork and are to sonui extent again united liulf way from here \o tlu^ tip.
Length of body, (!""" ; breadth (^f scutellum, l.Tr)""" ; lengtli of tegmirm,
n b) ,-.11)1)1
Green Hi\or, Wyoming. Ono specimen, No. 112, Dr. A. S. Packard.
Possibly in tiiis viciniiy should be placed the wings lignred, PI. 7, Fig. 10, which from their obscurity,' and because of Mieir being longitudinally folded I am tumble to place definitely.
DTAPLl'^GMA gen. nov. (i^itiTrXeyjja).
This iia:.u> is given to an extiiu-t grouj) of Cixiida allied to Cixius and Oliarus with peculiar neuration. The insects are <mall and sleiider bodied, with protuberant, pointed head, antennae apparently muv'h as in Liburnin,, a genus of I )elphncida. long and slender legs, and elongate wings largest in the midiUe of the apical half or even third, with strongly ami regularly rounded apex. 1'ho sutura clavi is very long, ami the anal veins unite in oim far before their tip; the radial vein forks near the middle of tho witig, and each of the forks sends at its tip a cluster of two or three curved inde- pendent branches to the costal margin far out ; tho two iduar branches, w)iich separate close to the base of the wing, ustially fork farther out than the radial, the upper branch of the fork of the upper ulnar vein just strikii:^
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IIKMll'TKilA—llOMOrrKllA— FUIAIOUINA. 285)
tho uj)ox of tho vf'u^g, tlio lower branch crossing tho uj'pcr brancli of the fork of the lowor nhiiir vt'in ami roforkiiijif hctwoon tho forks of tiio hittor in a somewhat peculiar niiiMiier, souiotinies connected hy cross-veins to the lowi'r branch of the lower ulnar fork; tho lower ulnar branch forks a little earlier than the upper and directly opposite tho end of the united anal veiiu--,. Venation of hind win<fs so far as si'on n {jfood deal as in Cixius, but the foikiuji^ of tho upper veins beyond the cro?s-veitis is so deep as to run fairly up to these cross-veins.
Seven species are recognized in our Tertiary deposits.
Table of lh» »p»oirii of Diaiilegma.
'rii(> two iiijiiii lintiuilicn of llin iiliiur .mIii f>irkiii){ di^:!:?!! tly fitrllixr out tlmn t\w drat radinl fiircntion,
A|ii<'nl. riiiliiil, nnd Mliiiir viMiititiN ri<ii-'li'i:ig tlin mnrKiti in-iOvo iii iiiiml)i>r t. /), hahhmani,
Apicnl, ruiliikl, luiil iiliiiir voiiilrlH ri>ii(-liiii|t tint iiiitr;;iii not over ton in iiiiiiilicr. li;i|K r ulnar lintnch iliMtini'tl.v <<iHtMrlio<l in oonrMi ut iit lirat fnrriition.
l'|>|ii<r lurk III' lor/or nliuir \i'iu piiwiinK in » <MmliiinonH anil ri>);nlikr onrvoiiiToHH tlu> npprr
ulnar lirii^M^hoti to I'm niar){;:i M. />. rrlrrancrnii.
lT|>|i«r fork ol' lower nliuir vrin inti'rrn|iti<il in itn ri'^nliir oonrHo \vli<>n it imim'In tlio nppor
niniir liriinrhiH :i. /). nhiliiclum,
Tppcr niniir Imincli witli itt iijiprr fork irnkkin^ » iinnlinnons or nlinimt runllnnoMH lino, nnilo- vinthi); <n conrMn.
T>>K>nlnii noiirl.v tliri<o tinicM nn lnnf{ hh bronil ^. />. vtuerahilt,
Tc);'.ninu ni'itrly in' qnito four tinics iim \»t\\i iih lironil,
("ioHN-voins nnitiiiK Hi" nliiiir lirnnelioH I'oniiilorulily fnrllior fi-om tlio npox of the winu
tliiin tho liri'jiilth of llin \\\\\n wln-ro tiM'j iimir ii. />. ocrullorum.
CriiH.i'Vi'inN niiititiK I'lo ii'.iinr lintni'lifs only ns fur fioin tUn aprx of tlii< wln^ uh tlin
Willi li of tli'i winu >vlii'ro tln>y orviir (!, />. riiiHomim.
The lower ninnr vrin forking ahniMt exnrtly oppoNilo tlin fiiroatii'n of the rniliiil 7. /), nhitormitiim,
t. DlAPI.EOMA IIALDKMANI.
The anteiuuv are about as long as tho tricarinate scutelluni. iiio teg- niiiiH are about thri e nnd a half times longer than broad, witli very straight costii, largest in the middle of the apical third, scarcely narrowing baseward The radial vein forks eAiu'tly at the middle «>f the wing, the lowt^r ulnar branch at some distance beyond ; the upper radial branch is two, tlm lowtu* three forked, sMice the tirst of its forks again subdividi .j. Opposite the furcation ot tlie u|)pcr radial branch tlm upper ulnar branch forks w'dely, its upper branch, an unusual circumstance and perhaps iiidividuiil, forking narrowly, its lowt^r crossing to the centor of tlu^ lower ulnar fork, where it tlividi's in two, the upper branch again forking, but there is no connection with the lowermost ulnar nervule.
Length of body, 4"""; .>f tegnuna, 4.1.^)"'"'; width of same, l.ir)"""; length of fore til>ia',.l""" ; tarsi, OA'i""'\ ^
VOL XIII li)
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TKRTIAHY INSECTS OF NORTH AMBKICA.
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In memory of tlie pioneer American naturalist and philologist, the late Samuel Stelunan llaldeman, Est-.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2237. ' '
2. DiAPLEOMA VETERA8CENS.
There is hut a single specimen of this species, but in it one of the teg- inina is admirably preserved. These are a little more than three times as long as broad, broadest in the middle of the apical half, before which they narrow very regularly and very gently, and beyond wuich the apex is rather sharply rounded, 'i he radial vein first forks at just about the middle of the wing, the lower ulnar at some distance beyond it ; there are three clustered forks to the upper radial, two to the lower, and the cells formed by them are rather slender though short. The upper ulnar branch and its upper fork are distinctly bent where they join, and the lower fork crosses to the center of the lower ulnar fork and there divides in two, without con- tinuing to the lowermost ulnar nervule.
Length of body, 4.5"™; tegmina, 4.2"""; width of same, 1.3°"°.
Florissant, One specimen, No. 10680.
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3. DiAPLEGMA ABDUCTUM. PI. 15, Fig. 8.
The tegmina of this species are less tiian three and a half times longer than broad, very uMitormly rounded at the apex, the costal and inner bor- ders almost exactly parallel in the outer half before the tip and straight. The radial vein first forks at just about the middle of the wing, the lower ulnar scarcely before the end of the middle third ; there are three clustered forks to the upper radial, the last one very strongly arcuate at base, but not connected by a cross -vein to the lower radial, which has two forks, and all thoir cells are short but slender. The relation of the ulnar branches to each other ib peculiar: the upper ulnar branch is simply, symmetrically, and narrowly forked as far beyond the end of the middle third of the wing as the lower ulnar before it ; the adjacent forks of the two branches are now united by a c tss-vein immediately beyond the furcation of the upper idnar, the two forks are angulated at the point of touch, and this croas-vein, slightly shifted outward, runs as a longitudinal vein through the middle of
UEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— PULGORINA.
291
the lower ulnar cell, and is apparently united, immediately after its depart- ure, to the lowermost ulnar branch Ijy a cross-vein parallel to the base of the upper fork of the lower ulnar branch.
Length of body, 4.8""'; tegmina, 4.1"'"'; breadth of latter, 1.25°'".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 31&.
4. D/APL.EGMA VEN«RABILE,
. Two specimens of this species show, one a side, the other a dorsal, view. Tiie tegmina are nearly three times as long as broad, the costal bor- der more than usually arcuate, which has the effect of shortening the wing. The radial vein first forks woU before tiie middle of the wing, and the lower ulnar branch only a little beyond the niidd'e ; the upper radial is three, the lower two-branched, the cells made by them moderately broad. The upper ulnar vein rinis in a straight line to the apex of the wing, and oppo- site the first fork of the upper radial branch sends a cross-vein to the upper fork of the lower ulnar branch, crossing it and emitting in the middle of the cell of the latter a couple of approximated veins, running longitudinally, but it can not be seen to continue to the lowermost fork of the ulnar.
Length of body, 3.7.5™"' ; of tegmina, S.?"" ; breadth of same, 1.2'"'" ; length of hind tibico, LSf)'"™. .
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2161, 4824.
5. DiAPLEGMA OCCULTORUM.
The fore teinora laterally mesially carlnate. Tegmina nearly four times as long as broad, slightly broader on the apical than the basal half The radial br.iiiches just below the middle of the wing, its branches rather distant, the upper thrbe, the lower two-branched, striking the costal margin over a little more than the apical fourth of the wing. Tiie ulnar veins divide close to the base of ti.o wing and sc.trcoly diverge, tlio upper branch exactly midway becween the lower branch and the radial vein, and scarcely or not at all disturbed in running straiglit to the apex, its lower member act- ing more as a cross-vein, about opposite the tip of the sutura clavi, uniting it to the upper fork of the lower branch, and crossing in a bent arcuate line to the lower forlc, emitting midway and approximately two subforks, and then bending upward continues distinctly to the lower fork. All the veins with long, distant, stiff hairs a little farther apart than the length of the hairs.
292
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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Length of body, 4.2™"'; tegmina, 3.8"""; breadth of same, 1"""; length of fore femora, l""""; fore tibiae, 1'"™; fore tarsi, O.C"™.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 2706, 5394, 7326.
6. DiAPLEGMA RUmOSUM.
A single specimen and its reverse preserved on a side view represent this smallest species of Diaplegma. A portion of the neuration is obscure, but it is otherwise in good condition. The vertex projects but very slightly beyond the eyes. The tegmina are four times as long as broad, the veins heavily haired, the hairs generally set nearer together than their length. The forks of the radial branches are excejjtionally short and broad, and the cross-veins uniting the ulnar branches unusually far out, almost farther out than the basal fork of the upper radial branch ; radial lirst forking at about the middle of the wing. Hind tibiaj and the basal two joints of hind tarsi armed beneath with a pair of stout, not very long, black-tipped spines; first Joint of tarsi equaling the next two, the middle one very brief.
Length of body, 3.75"™; tegmina, 4.3"'™; width of same, 1.05™™: length of fore femcra, 1.2"'™; tibiae, O.S™™ ; tarsi, 0.45"'™; hind femora, 1.1™™; tibia?, 1.5™™; tarsi, 0.9™".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 611 and 4558.
7 DiAPLEOMA OBDORMITUM.
The specimen representing this species is not so well and continuously preserved as the otiiers of the geniis, but differs from them in one or two important points. The tegmina are slightly more than three times longer than broad; the most peculiar feature is the late division of the radial vein, whicli is only at a d'stance from the tip equal to the breadth of the wing, and almost exactly opposite the normal division of the lower ulnar branch or opposite the tip of tlie anal vein, while the arrangement of the subordi-* nate reticulation and furcation of the ulnar area is almost the same as that of D. occiiltorum. The broken state of both wings does not certainly show how the radial vein is divided, which it would be interesting to know on account of its early character; but it would appear as if the tip of the u])permost ulnar fork curved upwfird, which with the late furcation of the radial and the absence of any branching in the area preserved would indi- cate that its ultimate branches must be many fewer than in the other species. Length of body, 4™"'; tegmina, 4™™; breadth of same, L25™™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 127, Dr. A. S. Packard.
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HEMIPIKHA-HOMOPTERA— FULGORINA.
293
t
OLIA RITES gen. nov. (Oliarus).
This name is proposed for an insect formerly placed by me in Mne- mosyne, one of the Dictyopharida, but which a renewed study seems to show to belong in the vicinity of Oliarus, among the Oixiida. The head was apparently not more than half as broad as the thorax, perhaps much narrower. The thorax was transverse, equal, arcuate, into which the pretty large subtriangular scutellum with its convex, base fitted. The tegmina were wholly diaphanous, very greatly surpassing the abdomen, enlarging apically with slight, fine, but smooth and in no respect arenaceous veins, all the longitudinal veins connected near the middle of the wing, but not in 3. line, with the cross-veins, at or beyond which each of them forked to a greater or less extent, the forks, at least in the upper half of the wing, upcurved on approaching the margin, where they are again forked and united by many cross-veins, so that the wing becomes weakly reticulate shortly before the margin.
Ot.IARITE8 TEBRENTULA. PI. 7, Fig. 17. Mnemosyne terrentula Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Qeogr. Snrv. Torr., IV, 773 (1878).
A single specimen is preserved, with an indistinct body, broken in front, and the greater part of one of the tegmina. The body is moderately broad ovate, the tip of the abdomen rounded and slightly produced. The tegmina are regularly enlarged toward the apex and rounded at the ex- tremity, not at all truncate ; the interior branch of the radial vein forks near the middle of the wing, and just beyond the first subapical transverse vein ; both its branches fork before they have passed more than half-way to the marginal row of elongate cells.
Estimated length of body, 6.5""" ; breadth of .same, 2.25"'"' ; length of tegmina, 7'""' ; breadth of same, 2.25"""' ; their extent beyond the abdomen, 2.2""".
Green River, Wyoming One specimen, No, 31* (F. C. A. Richardson).
FLORISSANTIA gen. nov. (Florissant, nom. loc).
This interesting genus appears to be allied to Cladodiptera, with very nearly the same general neuration of the tegmina, but difi^rs strikingly from it in the much narrower head. The head is only half as broad as the
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TP]RTIAKY INSKOTS OF NOUTII AMBUICA.
thorax, and, as viewed above, the eyes make up one-half of thia narrow part J the front projects abruptly in front of the eyes by one-third their length, is well rounded anteriorly with brief piirallel sides ; the eyes are moderately large, not very tumid. The thorax is transverse, arcuate, equal, short; the soutellum very large, triangular, pointed, with nearly straight but slightly arcuate sides, attenuating the apex. Legs slender, the hind tibiic armed externally with three distant prominent spines. Tegmina membranous, ample, the longitudinal veins first forking about the middle of the wing, the radial here dividing into two branches, which throw many apical branches to the costal margin at and beyond a pterostigma ; the ulnar branches, a little farther on, subdivide into many forks, connected at their origin by cross- veins, and most of these forks, without another series of cross-veins (such as occur in Cladodiptera), again divide shortly before the apex. Abdomen broad, abruptly tapering apically to a bluntly pointed tip.
A single species is known.
FlORISSANTIA ELE0AN8. PI. 19, Fig. 12.
Two specimens with their reverses present a very fair view of this delicately veined insect, but the one figured does not show the head. The body, shaped like that of a diminutive Cicada, is of a uniform dark color with pale abdominal incisures ; the thorax is minutely and distantly punc- tate ; the scutellum finely sulcate down the middle ; the legs are slender and apparently longitudinally streaked with pale, and the tibial spines are black. The tegmina are about three times as long as broad, the pterostigma situated just before the middle of the apical half, rounded, subquadrate, a little longer than deep ; the cross-veins uniting the longitudinal series are mostly oppo- site the proximal end of the pterostigma, and the apical forks of the longi- tudinal veins are about as long as the pterostigma.
Length of body, 12.5°""; breadth at base of abdomen, 4.6"""; breadth of head between the eyes, 0.85""" ; length of tegmina, 12.25""" ; hind femora, 3""" ; hind tibiaj, S.S"".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1.104 and 1.751, 1.783 and 1.789, Princeton Collection.
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HlSMl PTE K A— HOMOPTEliA— F U LGORINA.
295
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Subfamily DELPHACIDA Stal.
The only European fossil insect hitherto referred to this group is a species from Aix referred by Curtis to Asiraca, to which seven years later Giebel gave the specific name tertiaria, and Heer that of obscurum, refer- ring it to Cicadellites, one of the Membracida. In America, besides an obscure species referred to Delphax, we have an extraordinary insect, with a very strange type of neui-ation, from British Columbia.
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DELPHAX Fabricius.
A single fossil has been referred to this generic group, but only in its wide sense as typical of the subfamily.
Delphax senilis.
PI. 5, Fig. 95.
Delphax senilU Soudd., Ball. U. 8. Oeol. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 7G0 (1877).
A fairly preserved specimen with spread wings, but with almost no characteristic sculpture. The head and exposed part of thorax are blackish ; the rest of the body and the wings, especially the tegmina, dusky. The head is less than half as broad as the thorax and short. The thorax is broad and rounded, and the body nearly equal, though enlarging slightly posteriorly. The tegmina are slightly narrower and considerably longer than the body, equal, and at the tip broadly rounded ; they sho\y no trace of neuration, but the preservation of the whole is perhai)s too obscure to expect it. The wings are a little shorter than the tegmina, crumpled and folded, and show a few longitudinal veins, and others, which, from the nature of the preservation, can not be traced. Legs and appendages of the head are wanting.
Length of body, 2""" ; tegmina, 2.4°"".
White River (probably Chagrin Valley, Colorado; possibly Fossil Canon, Utah). One specimen, W. Denton.
29G
TEltTlAUY INaEOTS OF NOltTH AMERICA.
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PLANOPIILEHIA Scudder (TrXdyo?, <pXiil>).
PlaiiopMebia SciulU., Uop. Progr. (Jooi. Siirv. Cau., l-J/7-l«7d, 1», H5-lrid (1870).
This iiiiino is pi«»posed for a g"eiius of Fuljjorina apparently belongitifr to the Delphacida, but differing from all Homo ptera I have seen in the remarkable trend of the principal veins of the tegmina, nearly all ofwhlch. and certainly all the branches of the i-adial, as well as most of the branches of the ulnar vein, terminate upon the costal margin, the costal areola being very brief, or less than one-third the length of the tegmina. The radial vein branches very near the base of the tegnuna, and its lower branch again a very little way beyond, all three of the branches ruiniing in a sti-aight course ))aral]el to one another, and embracing at tip the middle third of the margin. The ulnar vein forks near the outer branching of the radial vein, the npper branch soon dividinj; again, the lower dividing beyond the middle of the tegmina, all the branch s running parallel to those of the radial vein.
I know of no homopteron the veins of whose tegmina trend as in this genus ; indeed it appears to be quite abnormal in this particular. Nor can Mr. Uhler, to whom I submitted a drawing, tind any form whose branched veins run towani the costal margin ; but 1 have in vain attempted to believe that I have interchanged the two margins of the tegmina In point of neu- ration the tegmina approach most closely, as Mr. Uhler has pointed out to m.e, to those of Amphiscepa bivittata (Say), but even from this it differs widely.
PlANOPHLEBIA GIGANTEA.
PI. 2, Fig. 16. ^
Planophlebia gigantea Sciidtl., Rep. Progr. Gcol. Smv. Can., 1877-1878, B, ISi (1871)).
The specimen is very fragmentary, consisting of an upper wing, of which the whole of the costal border as far as the tip, and the basal half of the inner margin, can be made out ; but only three patches of the surface with its accompanying veins are preserved — a piece next the base, crossing the wing ; another near the middle, which crosses rather more than three- quarters of it from the costah margin backward ; and a greatly broken patch at the upper half of the tip ; but from these pieces nearly the whole of the neuration, as given in the generic description, can be determined. The costal vein appears to be forked close to the base, with branches run- ning close and subparallel to each other. There are five branches of the ulnar vein, terminating above the middle of the apical margin of the teg-
HEMIPTEBA— UOMOl'TEUA— JbULGOKINA.
297
mina, but below tliat the veins are wholly obliterated. The 8Utura clavi must be very brief (aa we should, perhaps, expect it to bo in a wing with so short a costal areole), since no sign of it appears on the basal patch ; it must terminate before the branching of the ulnar vein. The tegniina are of very large size, the costal margin regularly and gently arched, the inner margin almost straight, and the apex very regularly convex, at least on the upper half
Length of frag .ent, 23.75""" ; estimated length of the tegmina, 25°"" ; breadth in middle, 9.5""".
Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 77, Geo- logical Survey of Canada, by Dr. G. M. Dawson.
SubliJimily ACHILIDA Stal.
No fossils have heretofore been referred to this subfamily, and it is with doubt that a single species from Colorado is here regarded as a mem- ber of it.
ELIDIPTERA Spinola.
A single species doubtfully referred here has been discover'ed in the Oligocene of Florissant.
Elidipti;ra beoulakis. PI, 19, Pig. 13.
This curiously veined insect would appear to fall in the ne'ghborhood of this genus. The whole of the neuration can not be made out, but the longitudinal veins are few and distant and apparently wholly unconnected by c/oss-veins until just before the apical margin where the cross-veins form, with apparently the tip of the radial nervure, a continuous vein which approaches the margin in the outer half of the wing, then curves and fol- lows subparallel to the outer margin, with which it is connected by equi- distant veins forming apical cells but little longer than broad, excepting at the costal margin, where the vein diverges from the border and the connect- ing veins become very oblique. The legs are slender, stiff, and straight, the hind tibiaj unarmed, the hind tarsi delicately and very briefly spined at the tip of each joint.
Length of body, 4.25""° ; breadth, 1.5""° ; length of tegmina, 4°'" ; of hind tibiae, l.!""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 12785.
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TKKTIAUY INSKCXa OF NOKTU AMEUICA.
Siibfiimilv RTCANIinA Stal.
A species of Ricaiiia liiis beoti described by Giebel from nmber; besides tliis the only fossils possibly refemble to tliis group are those men- tioned below, one of them of extraordinary character, so that in all proba- bility it should more properly be referred to a distinct subfamily, so greatly does it differ from all Fulgorina in the multiplicity of the principal longi- tudinal veins at the base of the wing, the branching of the veins of the clavus and the irregular reticulation of part at least of the corium.
HAMMAPTERYX gen. nov. (a/iha, Trripvf;).
Tegraina exceptionally broad, subtriangular, with strongly rounded apex, produced more above than below. Costal margin somewhat, arched at the base, the costal vein distant from it, running into it considerably beyond the middle (where it turns rapidly upward), and connected with it by numerous oblique veins. Radial vein forked at the base of the vving, and each branch again dividing before the middle, all the offshoots of the upper and the upper offshoots of the lower branch with a strong superior arcuation at the tip of the costal vein, giving the vving a knotty appearance. Ulnar vein also divided at base, each of its branches immediately divid- ing and again a second time at or before the middle of the wing, while both radial and ulnar nervules still farther subdivide so that multitudinous veinlets reach the border ; they are further united intimately by three series of cross-veins like the gradate veinlets of Hemerobidsc among Neuroptera, but here subparallel to the outer margin, one set, the weakest and short- est, in the middle of the wing, the second and third series on either side of the middle of the outer half, but distant from each other. The anal area is occupied by delicately and longitudinally branching veins, which nowhere tend to unite apically.
Hammaptebyx reticulata. PI. G, Fig. 34.
A pair of tegmina of which only the upper third is shown in one of them, while the other is nearly perfect. The two outer series of cross-veins are equidistant in the upper half of the wing, but below it approach each other by the gradual removal of the outer away from the border, the middle series being parallel to the border in this part of the wing. Within this
U KM I I'TKttA— UOMOI'TKIU— FULOOKIN A.
29U
middle Heries of dofinitoly armnj^ed cross-veiiia all tlio longitudinal veins and their branches are united by cross-veins all the way to the base; these are straight and transverse except between the costal and upper radial veins, where the wing is more or less reticulate. The wing is more or less fuligi- nous, with two small, faint, round, pale spots on the costal border on either side of the curious arcniation of the veins.
Length of tegmina, 11.5°""; breadth, G.S""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 117, Dr. A. S. Packard.
Subfamily FLATIDA St6,L
Gravenhorst and Hurmeister have both reported species of Flata as found in amber, but none were described or mentioned by Germar in Berendt's great work, neither have any been reported from the rocks. The genus Lithopsis, however, which I formerly regarded as one of the Tropi- duchida, appears to belong here, the two anal veins in the clavus being dis- tinctly separated throughout. I have now another species to add to that first described.
LITHOPSIS Studder {\Wo?, otl>t?).
Lithopirit Soiidil., Bull. V. 8. Gool. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 773 (1878),
Body oblong, stout, and apparently cylindrical anteriorly, tapering and probably compressed posteriorly. Head broad and short, the front not produced beyond the eyes, broad, transverse, very gently convex. The united thorax and scutellum of about equal length and breadth. Teg- mina surpassing considerably the tip of the abdomen, two or three times as long as broad, beyond the middle barely tapering, the sides subequal, the apex rounded, the costal margin gently convex ; margino-costal area broad, broadening regularly toward the apex, and throughout its length traversed by very frequent transverse veinlets, which become more and more oblique toward the apex of the tegmina, where they ara supplanted by the similarly close branches of the longitudinal veins ; these are united at the origin of the forks by transverse veins in continuity with the costa itself. The radial vein is branched at the base of the tegmina, the inner ulnar vein at some distance before the middle of the wing, and both branches of this vein and the lower branch of the radial vein fork again at half the distance from the first fork of the inner ulnar vein to the tip of the wing, but they are not connected at this point by transverse veins. Wings as long as the tegmina.
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300
TBKTIAUY INSIiCTS OF NOUTII AMEUIOA.
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This {jfeiiUH roinliulH oiw of tl]« South /Vmen:>jiii gutiUH AlccHtiH Stftl, but ilitVei'H (lucidodly tVoin it. in tliu t'onn of tlio t(><;iniiia, tho iibsonco of ohliqiio inferior riunnii to tho inner iihiiir vein, tho courso of the until veins, and tho Htructuro of the head.
Tablf of the npeeiei of LUhopaii.
Titxiiiiiio IviN tliaii tlirex tiiiii'H im liiii); iih lirimil 1. I,, ftmhriala,
"Tvumiuii iiiuru tliuii tbruu tiiiiim iin Iuii^; iin linmil 'J. I., nlonouta.
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1. LiTHOPSIS KIMHRIATA.
PI. 0, FigH. 30, ;r.
lAllioimn ftmhriala Huiuhl., Mull. IT. .S. (luol. Uiiugr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 774(lH7rt); in Zittol, Haudli. d.
I'ltlH-out., I, ii, 781, Flj?. !IH9 ( IHH.'^i).
A tolerably well-pro.sorved H|)ociinou, with its reverse, together with the fragment of a wing, are the principal ' 'sis for this species. The vortex between tho eyes is more than twice iho width of the eyes, and is marked by a slight, median, longitudinal carina; the front of the vorte.K is nearly straight, docs not protrude beyond the eyes, but is retracted next them, making it very l)roadly convex. The thorax is considerably broader than the head, but the condition of the specimens does not allow i. more definite statement. The tegminaare the best preserved remains of the animal, being perfect, although somewhat obscure, partly from the veins of the underlying wings ; they are more than two and a half times longer than broad, the costal margin, esj)ecially its basal half, moderately curved, the conmiissural margin almost perfectly straight, tho apex slightly and obliquely subtruucate, so as to throw its well-rounded apex below the middle ; near its extremity the mar- gino-costal field occupies more than a third of the breadth of the tegmina, being double its width near the base ; the first branching of the inner ulnar "a is as far from tho apex of the tegmina as the second branching is from UiH base; and tho tiiird branching, where, and where only, the longitudinal veins are united by cross-nervures, is midway between the second branching and the apex ; close to the apical margin there is an inconspicuous fourth series of furcations.
Length of body, 9'""' ; of tegmina, 9 75""" ; breadth of the same in the middle, 3.65"'°" ; next the third branching of the longitudinal veins, 3.25"""*.
Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 143° (F. C. A. Rich- ardson), 4185 and 4189 (S. H. Scudder), 118 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
IIKMIPTMUA-IIOMOPTKUA— FOMIORINA.
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2. LiTIIOPHIS KI-ONOATA. PI. fl, Fip. 28.
A sirifflo Olio of tlio teg'iiinii is prosorvod. It differs from tliat of the precodiiifr specieH hy its far greater HlenderiieHH, being considerably more tlian three times as long as broad ; the costal margin is strongly shotddered at the base, and beyond is very gently and faintly concave, the apex well rounded us in L Hmbriata; the marginal area of final <livision of the longi- tudinal veins is relatively much broader than in the preceding species, and the principal veins are more longitudinal and less oblique.
Length of tegmina, !»'""'; breadth in middle, 2.7')"'"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. "JO, Prof L A. Lee
FICARASITES gen. nov. (F'icarasa, noni. gen.).
This name is given to an insect which apparently belongs in this family in the neighborhood of Walker's genera Daradax, Epora, and Ficarasa, and especially the last named, but from whose injperfect condition little more can be said. The costal area of the tegmina is nan-ovv but supplied regularly with rather numerous obliipie veins. The radial vein is scarcely branched, the ulnar divided near the base of the wing, the upper branch again in the basal half and both at the middle of the wing, beyond which there are further subdivisions ; cross-veins very few.
FiCARASITES STir.MATICtlM. PI. 6, Fig. 20.
The specimen representing this insect was so macerated in final depo- sition that the parts are separated, crumpled, and overlaid, and it is diffi- cult to make out the whole of any one organ. Apparently the body and the tegmina w?re each about lO""" long, 'i'he latter were furnished with a very small blackish fuliginous stigma at the tip of the costal vein at about the end of .'he middle third of the wing ; the apical half of the wing was abundantly supplied with cross-veins.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 144, Prof. L A. Lee.
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302
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Family JASSIDES Amyot-Serville.
With only a single exception all the fossil species of this family that liave been recognized in Tertiary deposits of any kind have been drawn from the siibfanjily Jjiissida as Stal separates them. This is equally true when we extend the ground to America, which possesses half as many species as Europe, and is the more remarkable since the Membracida, now such a prevailing type in North America, is nowhere traced in the rocks, though in Europe a single Oeningen species, imperfectly preserved, has been referred here by H«er. So, too, the vast propo'.*tion of forms in both worlds belongs to the series allied to Jassus and Bythoscopus, and not to that of which Tettigonia is the type, so that the resemblance of the Tertiary fauna in the two worlds is notsligl.t, though the same genera appear rarely to be preserved.
TETTIGONIA Fabricius.
"^rhis genus, excessively abundant in existing species, especially in the tropics of the New World, has not been recognized in the Tertiaries of Europe. A single species from White River, Colorado, has been referred here, but its generic affinities are wholly uncertain. Not so, however, with the ones now added from Green River, Wyoming, and Florissant, Colorado, which are unmistakable members of the genus, at least in the broad sense in which Signoret en?ployed it. Their presence in Florissant and Wyoming is in keeping with the tropical or subtropical aspect of the Tertiary insect fauna of these places.
Table of the apeciea of Tettigonia.
LirgvrHpccicR; t<>giiiinu ornumonted with ii broad dark band around tbn apical margin bat with uo
cross biiuilH I. T. priiconarginata.
SnullerHpecies; tugininu with uo broad anical luargiual baud but with distinct cross bands.
i^iiHiil half III' ti'j^tiiiiia with a broad, ilarU, niediau streak ilM entire length 2. T. priacotiiicta.
Mcdinu streak ol'tegniiua not extending beyond the basal fonrth :). T. priicovariegata.
,', The fonrth species, from its iuii'ortoctioii, is not here noted.
1. Tettigonia pkiscomakginata. PI. 7, Fig. 4.
A single specimen and its reverse with partially expanded tegmina. A species i.s indicated of about the size of our Aulacipes irroratus Fabr. sp., and with a head of probably tho same forn.. The head is scarcely shorter than the transverse thorax, and the tegmina are fully three times as long as
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HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA— JASSIDES.
303
broad. The nenration does not show cletrly ; there is no diminution in breadth before tlie r Mdly rounded apex ; the tegniitia appear to have been clear and h'jrht coloi jd on the disk but broadly obscured at base, at the margins, and along the principal veins, and on the apical third broadly margined Ju-.nigiiout with brownish fuliginous; fading gradually basully.
Length of head and thorax, a-S""" ; tegmina, 9""" ; brea Uh of latter, 2.75"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 34 and 35, Prof L. A
Lee.
2. TeTTIGONIA i'RISCOTINCTA.
PI. 19, Fig. 9.
Head, as viewed from above, rounded, subtriangalar, the front strongly convex, the ocelli situated on the vertex, the surface of the head and thorax uniform, the scutellum roundly angulated behind. Tegmina barely reach- ing the tip of the abdomen, pale with bold dark markings, as follows : A broad subequal stripe follows the outer edge of t! e sutura clavi to the mid- dle of the wing, where it unites faintly with a narrow stripe which has fol- lowed the commissural margin to the tip of the sutura clavi and distinctly and broadly with a small round spot on the middle of the costal margin ; the markings on the outer half of the wing are somewhat irregular, but may beat be described as taking the form of a broad and rude X, one bar run- ning from the center of the wing, just out of contact with the basal mark- ings, to the lower apex of the wing where the margin is clouded with fulig- inous, the other crossing the whole wing obliquely and recurved on the costal margin. I do not find any existing species with markings at all sim- ilar, the nearest approach being that of T. bella Walker from Silhet.
Length of body, 7.75""°' ; breadth of head, 2""" ; of abdomen, 2 5*"™ ; length of tegmina, 6""" ; breadth, 2"™.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 7628, 12996.
3. Tetticonia priscovariegata.
A single specimen is preserved, of which only one of the tegmina may certainly bo claimed for the species. This is very long and slender, three and a half times longer than broad, in the apical fifth tapering rapidly to the rounded tip which is in the middle of the inner half of the tegmiha ; it is pale with blackish brown markings, which consist, first, of a narrow mar-
304
TURTIARY JNSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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gin around the entire wing, broader on the costal than the inner margin, and, second, of a series of spots connected v% 'ih the margin : a small quad- rangular spot longer than broad on the inner margin next the tip of the scutellar margin ; opposite it a corniform spot, its broad base seated on the outer margin, its curved apex directed baseward along the middle lino; across the middle of the wing and barely reaching either margin, with a slight obliquity from within outward and apexward a deeply incised sub- reniform spot, the outer half the larger ; and midway between this and the iipex a small elongate spot seated by its brr.ui side upon the outer margin.
Partially overlain by this wing, but in any case out of noraial relation to it, is a broad oval abdomen, on the opposite side of which is a very stout rounded femur, and attached to it a strong, curving, apically enlarged tibia.
Length of fragment of tlie tegmina, 6.5°"° ; probable complete length of same, 7"""; breadth, 2""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 127, Dr. A. S. Packard.
4. Tettigonia obtecta.
PI. 5, Figs. 58, 59. Teltigonia ohtecia Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Gcol. Gcogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 761 (1877).
A single specimen, with the merest fragments of wings and no legs, but otherwise pretty perfect, belongs, with little doubt, to this family, although its generic affinities are decidedly uncertain. The he..d is not quite so bro.ad as the body, bluntly angulated in front (at an angle of about one hundred and thirty degrees) ; the eyes are rather small, the beak stout and about as long as the head. The abdomen is moderately stout but long, tapering to a blunt tip; the segments, eight in number, growing longer apically, the seventh being twice as long as the second.
Length of body, 7.6""" ; breadth of same, 2""' ; length of rostrum, 0.6.')""" ; diameter of eyes, 0.28"".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, W. Denton.
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liYTHOSCOPUS Germar.
The Miocene bed.n of Radoboj, Croatia, and the Oligocene strata of Aix in Provence, as well as tlie amber deposits of the same age in Prussia, have each furnished a species of Bythoscopus, to which we can add one from the presumably Oligocene shales of White River, Colorado.
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HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— JAS81DB8.
305
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Bythoscopus lapidescens. PI. 6, Fig. 94.
BythoBcopua lapideaotna Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 761 (1877).
A single specimen, broken at the edge of a stone, and so preserving only the abdomen and part of the wings. The abdomen is long and slen- der, composed of nine segments, the extremity indicating that it is a female. The wing (the tegmina appear to be entirely absent) reaches the tip of the abdomen, and the apical cells are from a third to nearly half as long as the wing, the upper the longer ; the apex is produced but rounded.
Probable length of body, 5.5"""; length of fragment, 3.5""°; breadth of abdomen, 1.5""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, No. 44^ W. Denton.
AGALLIA Curtis.
To this genus, now found in both worlds, and never before found fos- sil, I refer several of Florissant species with little doubt, except that most of them are of too large size.
Table of the gpecies of Agallia.
Large species (body exceeding eight millimeters iu length) ; a cross-vein uniting the radial vein to the margin in the outer half of the wing. Tegmina more than three times as long as broad.
Apical cells of tegmina twice e.a long as broad l, ^, lewitii.
Apical cells of tegmina only half as long again as broad 2. A. flaciida,
Tegmina less than three times as long as broad 3. ^. inttabilis.
Small species (body less than Ave millimeters in length) ; no cross-vein uniting the radial vein to the ™»^8'" 4. A. abatructa.
1. Agallia lewisii. PI. 19, Figs. 7, 21,
Head relatively small, narrower than the thorax by reason of thf^ for- ward narrowing of the latter, broadly rounded. The thorax is very fir.ely wrinkled transversely. Tlie tegmina are fully three times as long as broad, the costal margin broadly a.id pretty regularly convex but more rounied at the extremities than in the middle ; the ulnar vein forks (and is united to the radial) at the end of the proximal third of the wing, and t!?/? latter runs into the costal margin a little before the tip, sending a cross-vein to the margin at about the middle of the apical half of the wing, opposite which a VOL xiii 20
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TElillAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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pair of elongated subapical cells are formed between the radial and upper ulnar veins by tlieir union through a cross-vein shortly before the marginal cross- vein ; considerably more than half-way from this first-mentioned cross-vein to tlie apex of the wing cross-veins cut off the tour apical cells. The hind wings show in their upper half two forked veins united by a cross- vein opposite the middle of the cells thus formed, and the lower, similarly, to the simple vein which follows it.
The large size of the insect and its relatively small head make it some- what doubtful whether it should be retained in Agallia.
Length of body, 8.5'"'° ; tegmina, 5.5°"" ; hind femora, 2'"'" ; hind tibiae, 3.5""".
In memory of the late lamented and talented geologist, Henry Carville Lewis, of Pennsylvania.
Florissant. For.r specimens, Nos. 307, 8293 and 8725, 13582, and from the Princeton Collection, Nos. L801 and L805.
2. AOALLIA FLACCIDA.
PI. 19, Fig. 18.
This species is closely allied to the last, differing principally in the denser structure of the tegmina, in which the neuratlon less plainly appears, and in the brevity and relative breadth of the apical cells. The shape of the tegmina is the same, being nearly equal throughout with broad apex, in contrast to the more oval form of the succeeding species ; they are a lit- tle more than three times as long a.s broad, and the central apical cells are hardly half as long again as ^jroad.
Length of body, 7.25"""; breadth of thorax, 2.5'"""; length of tegmina, .5.5'""'; breadth, 1.65'""'; Ifength of hind tibiai, 3'""'.
Florissant, Colorado. Three specimens, Nos. 7858, 7979, 10158
3. Agallia instabilis.
PI. 21, Fig. 1.
This is a stouter species than those which have preceded, with rela- tively shorter tegmina. A single specimen is preserved, with one of the tegu .na expanded. The extremity of the abdomen has disappeared, so that the length of the animal can not be determined, but its great breadth can be seen by comparison with the width of the tegmina. The legs are slender.
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HBMirTERA— HOMOPTERA-JASSIDES.
307
The costal margin of the tegmina is greatly thickened and regularly and considerably arcuateS, giving an unusually ovate shape to the whole, which is increased by the somewhat pointed though rounded apex. The tegmina, which are less than three times as long as broad, appear to be tenuous, and the veins, thougn not the sutura clavi, are very indistinct. The body is uniformly dark and parallel- sided.
Breadth of body. 2.5""" ; length of tegmina, 5.75""" ; breadth, 2"" ; length of hind tibite, 3.25""".
Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 78.
4. Agallia abstkucta. PI. 19, Fig. 5. Head as broad as the uniformly broad thorax. Tegmina barely extend- ing to the tip of the abdomen, long oval, almost three and u half times as long as broad, the costal border regularly and very little arcuate, the apex strongly convex ; the ulnar vein forks at the end of the proximal third of the wing, and the upper branch is immediately united by a recurrent cross- vein, longer than the pedicel of the upper ulnar, to the radial vein, the latter running into the margin not far before the tip but uniting with it by no cross-vein; scarcely beyond the middle of the wing the radi.il and upper ulnar veins are united by a bent cross-vein, from the middle of which springs a veinlet, dividing the area betweeu them, and at just about half-way to the tip all the veins are united by a transverse series of gradate cross-veins, beyond which the discontinuous longitudinal veins diverge, producing apical cells distinctly broader at the margin than at base
Length of body, 45""'; tegmina, S.?""; breadth of body, 1.5""°; teg- mina, i.r".
Florissant. One specimen, Nd. 2658.
GYPONA Germar.
The only reference of a fossil to this genus is in my first mention of the Homoptera collected b^ Denton on the White River, as belonging to genera "allied to Issus, Gypona, and Delphax." Since then these have been described under the genera Aphana, Delphax, Tettigonia, and Bythoscopus. The one now described below is referred here only in a general and vague sense, as it is too ill preserved to speak of it with confidence.
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308
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
GyPONA CINF'"7IA.
PI. 19, Fig. 4.
Tha head and thorax are decidedly darker than the abdomen, and the spread, but crumpled, elytra are scarcely visible as distinct from the color of tlie stone except for their slightly darker edges. The head is not more than half as broad as the thorax (which shows that it can not strictly fall into Gypona), with small and rather prominent eyes. The elytra are very slender, extending beyond the abdomen, with only slight and feeble traces of neuration, and apparently very tenuous. The wings are a little shorter but broader, and so more ample.
Length of body, 8.5°"" ; tegmina, 8""" ; breadth oi thorax, 2.5"™.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 14229.
JASSUS Fabricius.
Two species of this genus have been described from the Prussian amber and several others (compared with diflFerent existing forms from those with which the former were compared) have been indicated by Gravenhorst from the same source. It appears, however, not to have been recognized in the rocks, and the species here refen-ed to it is too imperfect to be sure of the correctness of the reference.
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JaS8U8? LXTEBRM. PI. 20, Fig. 19.
The head has much the form of that of Jassus spinicornis from Prus- sian amber; the thorax is very faintly and not very finely nor closely punc- tate ; the teiuious and diaphanous tegmina extend a little way beyond the lip of the abdomen, and are apparently almost three times longer than l)road ; they are traversed by rather distant longitudinal veins, of which five reach the apical margin ; the character of their furcation and anastomosis can not be determined wit'" certainty, but wherever it can be traced appears to agree with the simpler types of Jassus.
Length of body, 3.5°""; breadth of same, 1.2°""; length of tegmina,
Florissant. One specimen. No. 6639.
HEMIPTEUA— nOMOPTERA— JASSIDES.
309
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THAMNOTETTIX Zetteratedt.
No species of this genus liave been hitherto recogtiized among fossil insects. The lar<^er species here described certainly belong here or in the immediate vicinity, the neuration of both tegmina and hind wings closely agreeing, as well as such other details of bodily structure fis can be seen. The small species is placed here with movi doubt, since it is too poorly pre- served to determine with any confidence.
Table of the tpeciea of Thamnotettix,
Larger species ; more than tbree millimeters in lengtli.
Relatively stoiit bodied, with tegiuiua barely tliree times as Ion); as broad 1. 7". miililata.
Relatirely 8len<Ier bodied with tegmina considerably more than three times as long as broaii.
2. T. gannelti. Smaller species ; less than three millimeters in length 3. T. fundi.
1. Thamnotettix mutilata.
PI. 7, Fig. 6.
A single specimen is preserved, showing only a part of the head but the whole dorsal view of the rest of the body, with one of the tegmina partly expanded. The body is long ovoid, very regular in shape with full abdomen, hardly pinched posteriorly, but with full rounded curve. The thorax is transverse, and the scutellum large for this genua, being if any thing a little longer than the thorax The tegmina are barely three times as long as broad, with interrupted dusky maculae along the outer half of the costal margin, and slight signs of the same along the inner margin. The hind tibiae are obscurely seen through the body, and appear as if very densely spined with excessively minute and short spines, very different in character from those of living types.
Length of body, 4.55""" ; breadth, 1.4""" ; length of tegmina, 3.75"" ; breadth, 1.25""°.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 73, Prof. L. A. Lee.
2. Thamnotettix gannetti. PI. 6, Fig. 33 ; PI. 7, Fig. 5.
Two specimens, differing a littL in size, seem to belong together, both preserved in a similar manner, showing a dorsal view with spread tegmina, and wings, though in one case part was covered when the plate was drawn. The body is rather slender, the abdomen tolerably full, but pinched
310
TEHTIAUY INSEOTS OF N HTH AMKRICA.
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apically, so that the last two segments are much narrower tlmn the preced-^ ing. The transverse thorax, as in the preceding species, is slightly shorter than the unusually large scutellum. The tegmina are considerably more than three times as long as broad, the veins and cross-veins rather heavily markeu : there are four apical cells, which are more than twice as long as broad. The venation of the upper half of the hind wings (all that is pre- served) is precisely the same as that of T. sirapltx of Europe, excepting that the lower cross- vein is strongly oblique instead of transverse.
Length of body, 3.3-4.1"'"; breadth of abdomen, 1.15-1.5""°; length of tegmina, 3.1-3.5 (I)"™ ; breadth, 0.85-0.85 (?)■""■.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 116, 120, Dr. A. S.
Packard.
S^Thamnotettix fundi.
PI. 19, Fig. 20.
Head roundly angulate in front, the thorax small. Tegmina slender, elongate, surpassing a little the abdomen, about three and a half times longer than broad, the costal edge nearly stri^ight, the longitudinal veins few, distant, and faint, the substance of the wing being slightly coriaceous, or only partly diaphanous, as in our green and unicolorous living species.
Length of body, 2.85"'"'; tegmina, 2.65""'; width of body, 0.85""; tegmina, 0.75"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 3412.
CICADULA Zettei vtedt
No fossil species of Jassida have yet beei referred to this genus, and the present reference of a somewhat obscure species is by no means definite.
CiCADULA 8AX08A. PI. 6, Fig. 26.
A species is indicated of about the size of our C sexnotata, but with more opaque tegmina. Only the part of the head between the eyes is pre- served, giving it a more distinct and quadrate appearance than would be otherwise the case ; the front is broadly rounded. The thorax is more than twice as broad as long and the posterior angle of the scutellum is slightly more than a right angle. Tiie tegmina are opaque, showing scarcely any veins, and these only longitudinal, the sutura clavi terminating in the middle
T
HEMIPTKKA-HOMOPTERA— JAaSlDKS.
311
, of the apical half; they are considerably more than three times as long as broad, aubequal throughout, with well rounded apex. The abdomen is long oval, largest about one-third way from base, tapering beyond to a bluntly pointed tip.
Length of body, 2.75™"' ; greatest breadth, 0.9""" ; length of tegmina, 2.5""" ; breadth, CTS"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 1 14 and 126, Dr. A. S.
Packard.
ACOCEPHALUS Germar.
Heer has described two species of this genus from the Miocene beds of Radoboj, and two of our American fossils are referred dubiously to the same group, though they differ considerably from each other in the general form of the body. Heer's species, too, strictly interpreted, should be placed elsewhere, though they are certainly near Acocephalus.
Table of the ipeoies of Acocephalua.
Slender species ; body more than three times as loug as broad 1. A. ado;.
Stout species ; body less than three times as long as broad 8. A. calloaui.
1. Acocephalus ADiB. PI. 6, Fig. 29,
Aoocephalui adce Sondd., Bull. U. 8. Oeol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, "'71 (1878).
Two specimens represent the body of apparently a species of Acoceph- alus. The head projects forward in a triangular form, is rounded at the extreme apex, a little broader than long, and nearly twice as broad between the small eyes as its length in advance of them. The body is slender, the abdomen slightly tapering, rounded at the apex. The tegmina extend a short distance beyond the body with parallel longitudinal veins.
Length of body, S/iS""™ ; breadth of head, 1.4"'"' ; of middle of abdo- men, 1.3""".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 72, 100, F. C. A. Rich- ardson.
2 Acocephalus callosus.
PL 19, Fig. 16. Although the figure seems to show a bluntly rounded head very uncharacteristic of Acocephalus, it evidently results from the mode of pres- ervation, the body being crushed on a three-fourths view, obscuring the angularity of the front, which a careful examination of the specimen itself
312
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Heems to show. The eye is small, as there. The tegmlna are hyaline,, apparently reaching about to tlie tip of the abdomen (the whole of which is not preserved, but can be readily restored in the main), and has few lon- gitudinal veins connected, a little beyond the middle and again more than half-way to the tip, by series of cross-veifis. The legs are rather short and moderately stout, the middle tibiae only half as long again as the tarsi.
Presumed length of body, fi.5""" ; breadth, 2.5""" ; length of tegmina, b-h"""; middle tibiae, 1.7™"; tarsi, 1.2""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 11307 and 14385.
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pi*.
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JASSOPSIS gen. nov. (Jassus, nom. gen.).
Allied to Thamnotettix. The thorax is rounded subquadrate, as long as broad, and the scutellum not more than half as long as the thorax. The veins of the tegmina are peculiar in that the radial parts from the costal vein and the ulnar vein from the sutura clavi at similar and very short dis- tances from the base ; there are but three apical cells.
A single species is known.
JaSSOPSIS EVIDEN8. PI. 19, Fig. 16.
The single specimen is preserved so as to show a dorsal view with the tegmina unequally expanded. The head is lost but was relatively narrow, to judge by the anterior tapering of the thorax. The body is very dark and uniformly so, the posterior angle of the scutellum a right angle. The tegmina were semiopaque, with the veins heavily marked, the sutura clavi terminating in the unddle of the wing ; they are three and a half times longer than broar', and the costal margin is strongly arcuate, especially dis- tally, so that the apex falls at about the middle of the lower lualf of the wing and is roundlj^ pointed; cross-veins unite the principal nervures where the radial vein forks at about three-fifths the distance from the base of the wing. The abdomen is subconical, tapeiing pretty uniformly almost from the base, with pretty straight sides, the tip bluntly pointed.
Length of body (witliout head), 3.2""" ; breadth of abdomen near base, 1.1""°; lengthof tegmina, 3"""; breadth, 0.85 "■".
Florissant, Colorado. One specimen, No. 5188
HBMIPTEBA— IIOMOPTKHA— JASSIDES.
313
CCFJJDIA Gennar.
The only Hpecies of this crroiip hitlierto reported fossil is one described below from British Columbia. To tliis wo now add aiiotlier species from Wyomiuff. It is an American type best developed in the tropics, but not unknown in the southern United States.
Tablf of the ipeeiei of CaUtHa.
Te){ininn lens than thrne t!mofi aH lanK lut hroitd 1, C. eolumhiana.
Tegmlna lunnt tiiaa tliree tiiuux an liiiij; iix broad 'i. C. wyominijenniii.
1. CCELIDIA COLUMBIANA. PI. 2, Fig. 13.
Calidta Columbiana Scadil., Rep. Progr. Oool. Snrv. Can., 1877-1878, IS&B (18M).
A pair of tegmina, in which most of the venation can be made out, with a crushed body and crumpled wings, represent a species of Coelidia or an allied genus, with rather broad tegmina The veins of the tegmina are nearly parallel to tiie gently arcuate costal margin, are equidistant from one another, and are united by cross-veins near the middle of the apical half of the tegmina, the lower ulnar vein, which runs only a little below the mid- die of tlie wing, forking at this point ; the upper of the apical areolets, how- ever, is considerably shorter than the others ; the two ulnar veins are united by a cross- vein in the middle of the basal half of the tegmina, while not far from the middle of the tegmina the ulnar and radial veins are similarly united. The tegmina do not taper apically, the extremity is rounded and obliquely docked, and the sutura clavi is short. The hind wings are pro- vided with an unusual number of cross-veins.
Length of tegmina, 8""" ; breadth, 3.25"".
Similkaraeen River, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 75, Geol. Surv. Canada, Dr. G. M. Dawson.
2. CffiLIDIA WyOMINGENSIS. PL 4, Fig. 8.
A dark species appears to be indicated, the head and thorax being black and the veins of the tegmina heavily marked with dark fuliginous. Tiie tegmina are well rounded, about three and a quarter times as long as broad, the costal margin regularly and pretty strongly convex ; the pedicel
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314
TKllTIAUY 1NHE0T8 OF NORTH AMBRIHA.
of the upper ulnar bram-h is alightly Hliort^r than the croHS-vein uniting it to the radial ; the radial in parallel to the co ,ta throujfhout ; ft second cross- vein unites the radial and upper ulnar where the former forks, as far from the first cross-vein as the widtli of the wing, and the apical series of cross- veins is half-way between this new cross-vein and the apex of the wing. Length of tegniina as preserved, 7.5™™; as restored, 8 5™"; breadth,
2.5"".
Twm Creek, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 6", Dr. A. C. Peale.
DOCIMUS gen. nov. (Sntifio^).
This name is proposed for an insect with somewhat remarkable neura- tion, which reminds us somewhat of that of Walk'^<-'» East Indian genus Isaca. The sutura clavi is very long, reaching to the middle of the outer hdf of the wing, while the apical cells, the only wholly diaphanous part of 'he wing, are very long, occupying fully the apical third, and are very few in number, only three reaching the apical margin, and all being bounded away from the middle line of the wing by remarkably arcuate and divergent veins, giving somewhat the aspect of a Psylla to the wing. The body is very stout, with a full abdomen, well rounded behind, and in no way pointed.
A single species is known, or possibly two.
DOCIMUS PSYLL0IDE8.
PI. 19, Figs. 6, 17.
The head is not preserved. The thora : ■I'i faintly punctate. The teg- mina are fully two and a half times longtf ildii broad; the ulnar vein forks very close to the base, and where it is uniied by a cross- vein to the radinl these two are united by another > -oss-vein in the middle of the wing, beyond which the space is separateu into two longitudinal cells ; the radial ends near the apex in a strongly arcuate fork, which at first curves down- ward into the heart of the wing and then turns upward, the cell opening on the costal border at the edge of the apical border ; opposite the origin of this fork the next and the last veins are abruptly but roundly bent and send cross-veins directed obliquely inward to the intermediate vein from the angles, beyond which they divaricate.
a
HBMTPTEUA— nOMOPTERA— OBKCOPin^.
815
This description is based wholly upon the specimen illustrated in Fig. 17. That given in Fig. 6 and two others are too imperfect to determine that they certainly belong hero, but they may form a second species of the genus with less strongly curved veins.
Length of body, 6.75"""; breadth, S""-; length of tegmina, 6.5"""; breadth, 2""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 4625, 4747, 9299, 10479.
ii
Family CERCOPID.^ Leach.
This was the prevailing type of Homoptera in Tertiary times, at least if the number of individuals bo regarded. At Florissant they appear to form three-fourths of the whole bulk. As compared with Fulgorina they were there slightly less numerous in species and genera, but five times as as numerous in individuals. Most of the extinct forms have been referred by authors and especially by Germar and Heer to the existing? j^enera Cer- copis and Aphrophora, but, as we shall see, these references were so far incorrect that in several instani^es they belonged to the alternate subfamily and not to that to which they were referred.' So, too, one insect found in the Isle of Wight Tertiary is referred to an existing form, but probably without sufficient reason. As to our own species, some of them, are gigantic, nearly all large, and by far the greater part of them allied to types n()w found only in the tropics of the New World, and yet I have been unable in any instance to refer them to existing genera, though doubtless some of them will be found so referable. The lack of sufficient tropical materials in the museums of this neighborhood compel the description of several genera as new which may prove still extant.
Subfamily OEROOPIDA St&l.
The larger part of the fossil Cercopidse that have been described have been referred to this subfamily, but in several instances, as will be pointed out, the reference is incorrect. There remain, however, several species of Cer- copis, a Cercopidium, and a Triecphora (this latter regarded as an existing
■There is a mistake in Heer's work on Oeniagen inaeots in the references to the species of Citrcnpis on PI. 11. The plate is oorreotly marked, but the separate explanation of the plate au<l the referenees in the text give a Hgnre to C. nngeri which dons not exist, and make eleven flj^nras to the plate when there are only ten. The references to C. pallida, oeningeasis, fasciata, and recteliuea, which are re- spectively 8, 9, 10, and II, should be 7, S, 9, and 10.
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316
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
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11 f I
Ml
i
species by Woodward) from tlie European rocks and from Jiniber, wliile m our own country by far tlie larger proportion of the Cercopidjv belong to tbis subfamily, and, excepting three species regarded as belonging to Cer- . copis, one each from British Columbia, (Ireen River, and Florissant, all are referred to extinct generic types; these include seventi^en species and six genera, one of them, Petrolystra, with two species, gigantic antl possibly luminiferous insects, which nnist have been one o( the striking features of Florissant Oli )cene entoniology; another, Palecphora, with six species, five of them fiom Florissant and one from Green River, was the prevailing homopterous type ; Cercopites is known only from Green Riv(>r ; the remainder, with the exceptions noted, only from Florissant, and one of the prettiest, Prinecphora, was by no means rare. As a whole the aspect of the cercopid fnuna was decidedly tropical.
CERCOPITES gen. nov. (Cercopis, nom. gen.).
Head relatively small, including the eyes hardly more than half as broad as ihe thorax, not appressed, but prominent. Thorax more or less hexagonal, nnich broader than long, the front border transverse or nndate, the base truncate; scutelhun equiangular. Tegmina large and well rounded, but little more than twice as long as broad, with convex costa, the tip slightly narrowed and sharply rounded, the radial and ulnar veins forking once each with no apparent apical cells, the radial forking scarcely before the middle of the wing, and before forking running at no great distance from and parallel to the margin.
Two species are knov.n, both from the Wyoming Terti;ries.
Table of the upeeifn of CciropUet.
Smaller Hpeoies, the wings e!c|iaiuliti); iibout eight millimuters ; front margin of thurux straiglit.
1. r iimhraliliH.
Largor spooios, f he wiuga expanding about twenty millimeters; front margin of thorax nmlate or
biconcave SJ. c. caUiscena,
1. Cercopites umbratilisu PI. 7, Fig. 9.
The single specimen is rather obscurely preserved, showing an upper surface with spread wings. The body is stout, the abdomen full and rounded ; the front margin of the thoiftx is straight behind the head, but
m
HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTERA— CEROUPIDiE. 3 1 7
retreats slightly at the sides, so as to give it a slightly convex aspect The body is dark and uniform, the tegniina the same but slightly lighter over the disk ; the i^osta is very strongly onvex.
Length of body, 2.7r)"""; breadth, 1.1"""; length of tegmina as pre- served, 3.5™"' ; as restored, 3.8""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specinien, No. 108, Dr. A. 8. Packard.
2. Cercopites calliscfns. I'l. 0, Fif;. ;W.
Head suborbicular, with scarcely protruding eyes, a little broader only than long ; the ocelli are obscure, but wlmt are apparently these are farther removed frouj each other than iVom the eyes. Thorax broadest in tlm middle of the anterior half, from which point it rapidly narrows both in front a\nd behind ; base straight ; front margin broadly concave except for a slight and angular middle prominence, which breaks the curve in two. Body dark fuliginous. Tegmina pallid, bat with a darker costal margin and a similar but broad apical band ; the veins show with tolerable dis- tinctness, though they are generally very obscure in the wings, which show a neuration in all respects typical so far as visible.
Length of body, including closed wings, 1 1 "■"' ; breadth, 3.5"*"' ; length of tegmina, 8.5""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 104 and 116, Dr. A. S.
Packard.
CERCOPIS Fabriclus.
A number of species have been refevr«Ml to this genus from the Euro- pean Tortiaries, but, as mentioned below under that subfamily, they are mostly referable to the Aj)hrophorida. It is doubtful wlietiier any of .'he species of true (!Iercopiiui should be classed genericall}- with those here placed in this group, and which are known by tlu?ir tegmina only ; the form of the wings, as well as their neuration, ditfers considerably, but until more of the structure can be determined it has seemed best to class them here. It may be noted that the radial vein branches sooner tlian in Cer- copites.
Table of the iip,eie$ of Cfrcopii, TuKiniiiu nuicoluroiiit.
Lar);er HpooioR ; tlin tegmina meaHiiriiig flt'txxiu inillimetorH in leiiRtb ; ritdini voir bcfom fnrkitift
widely ditttiiiit from iiiarKin '• '•• nfliviiui.
Smallur Hpoi'lei); tli« UtKiiilnit muamiriiiK I<v.h than ten inillimetoi's in length; radial vein liclori'
forking only nioderafely dlHtanc from the margin 'i. C. auMita.
Tegmlua trauBVorBely baudod 3. C. suffocuta.
318
TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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,) 1. Cebcopis selwyni.
V
PL 2, Figs. 14, 15. CercopU aelwyni Scudd., Rep. Progr. Cteol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 184B-ia')B (1879).
A pair of nearly perfect tegmina, reverses of jach other, represent a species allied, but rather distantly, to the gigantic s))ecie& of Cercopida described by Heer from Radoboj. It differs from them all in neuration, in the form of the costa! border and of the apex. The portion of the wing below the straight sutura clavi is broken away. The basal half of the costal margin is strongly and rather uniformly arcuate, but more strongly close to the base ; the apical half of the same is nearly straight ; the apical margin is a little obliquely and roundly excised, gen*'.y convex, the tip roundly angulated. The costal vein parts from the common trunk close to the base and follows v^lose to the margin, terminating at about one-third way to the tip ; the radial vein is directed toward the middle of the outer half of the costal border, until it forks, a little before the middle of the wing, when both straight branches run subparallel toward the tip; the ulnar vein also forks once, half-way between the base and the fork of the radial vein, and its straiglii branches, with those of the radial vein, subdi- vide the outer half of the wing subequally, all being evanescent toward the apical margin ; the sutura clavi reaches as far as these veins are visible.
Length of wing, 16..5"""; breadth of wing at tip of sutura clavi, 5°""; length of sutura clavi, 14""°.
Nine Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 64 and 65, Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada.
2. Ceecopis astricta.
PI. 7, Fig. 15.
Reverse and obverse of the greater part of one of the tegmina of a much smaller insect than the preceding represent this species ; no part of the clavus is preserved nor even quite up to the sutura clavi. The costal margin is very strongly convex, the curve being strongest in the middle so as to appear bent ; the apical area is equally full above and below, or only a trifle the fuller above, the margin strongly convex. The costal vein can not be made out, and the radial is almost equidistant from the margin, and relatively only about half as far as in the preceding species, before it
>*
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— CEBCOPID^.
319
forks, when, after reaching their widest, the two forks run exactly parallel to the costal margin, fading in the darker outer third of the wing; the branches of the ulnar vein originate as in the last species, and are parallel to the radial bi'anches, all being also equidistant.
Length of tegmina, 9"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 1 1 0 and 125, Dr. A. S. Packard.
3. Cercopis suffocata.
PI. 19, Figs. 2, 3.
A single one of the tegmina of an insect with the clavus gone, but very different in its markings from anything known. Its simple neuration allies it dii-ectly with the other species referred here ; the radial, however, is dis- tant throughout from the margin. The costal margin is very regularly and considerably convex, and the apex very strongly rounded, produced, and almost pointed. A broad and uniform belt of dark color follows the costal margin at the base for nearly two-fifths its course, in striking contrast to the generally pale color of the wing, and distally joins a similar transverse and slightly oblique bar crossing the v/ing as far as the sutura clavi ; all the base of the wing, dark or light, is finely and distantly punctuate, as shown in Fig. 2 ; a second transverse and similarly oblique dark band, slightly broader, crosses the wing just before the apax, its inner border just striking the tip of the sutura clavi.
Length of tegmina, 8.5""" ; breadth at tip of sutura clavi, 3""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 262.
PETROLYSTRA Scudder (Trdrpo?, Lystra, nom. gen.).
Petrolystia Sondd., Bull. U. S. Qeol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 530-r>:U (1878).
One of the most striking instances of tropical affinities in the Tertiary shales of Florissant is found in the presence of two species of a genus of huge Hon^optera, rivaling the famous lantern-fly of South America in size, but differing in neuration and other features from any genus hitherto de- scribed. At first glance one would think that it belonged to the Fulgorida, a subfamily which, with Stridulantia, includes most of the larger forms of the suborder, and to be somewhat nearly allied to Paralystra ; but it differs from this, and, so far as I can determine, from all Fulgorina, in the minute-
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ill
320
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
ness of the scutellum, and must be referred instead to the Cercopida, although larger than any species of that group which I find noticed, while in compar- ison with the temperate forms of that subfamily it is gigantic, most of our own species not exceeding one-fourth its length. The name is not very well chosen.
The body is robust, the head large, apparently flat above, about twice as broad as long, but considerably narrower than the thorax, the front regu- larly and very broadly convex ; clypeus about half as broad as the head, somewhat convex, coarsely carinate down the middle with distinct lateral transverse ruga* ; ocelli indeterminate ; rostrum shorter than the breadth of the tegmina. Thorax broadening posteriorly, continuing the curve of the head ; the front margin rather deeply and very broadly excised, so that its middle is straight and the lateral angles are rather sharply angulate ; the hind margin with very oblique sides, so that these, if continued, would form less than a right angle v/ith each other, but toward the middle line incurved, so that the thorax is rounded posteriorly and excised in the middle. Scu- tellum very small, scarcely more than half as long as tlie thorax and rather longer than broad, tapering more rapidly in the basal than in the apical half The fore tibije apparently unarmed, and of the same length as the fore femora ; the apical tarsal joint of same legs tumid, longer than the other joints combined, of which the second is less than half as long as the basal joint, the whole leg only a little longer than the breadth of the tegmina; fore coxae apparently in close proximity. Tegmina large, nearly equal throughout, the inner base angularly excised next the posterior border of the thorax, the apex well rounded, a little i)roduced anteriorly ; it was appar- ently coriaceous, with little mark of any excepting some of the principal veins, which are elevated. The base of the costal part of tiie wing is so expanded, to give equality to the wing, that the radial vein at its base is very near the middle of tlio tegmina, and continues so until it forks in the middle of the basal half of the tegmina; its lower branch continues its course sub- parallel to the costal margin, while the upper brancli curves upward and follows dose to the costal margin until, like its fellow, it is lost in tlie mem- brane near the tip of the tegmina ; the sutura clavi runs straight to the pos- terior border beyond the middle of its outer half, and midway between the two the radial originates, forking almost immediately, the forks dividing the inner area equally between them, and in the middle of the outer half of the
IIEMIPTRKA— HOMOPTEllA— CEKCOI'lDJ<:.
321
•r>
tegmina united to each other by a cross-vein, to which they bend ; they too are lost before the tip. The wings are not sufficiently preserved to charac- terize, but aj)pear to agree in general character with those of Triecphora. Abdomen more than twice as long as the rest of the body, topering regularly to a pointed extremity.
Table of the species of Pelrohjtira.
Pule baudH of tegruiua occupying hardly more spucu than tlio dark grouud 1. P. giganUa.
Pale bandii almost siippluntiug tbo normal dark ground of tegmina 'i. I', her'^n.
1. Petrol Y8TRA gigantea. PI. 20, Figs. 5-7.
Petiolyslra gigantea Scudd. Bull. U. 8. Geol. Ocogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, .')31-r)32 (1878) ; in Zittel, Handb.
d. Palicont., I, ii, 781, Fig. 9fl-J (1885).
Two nearly perfect specimens, reverses of each other, were picked up by a child just as I reached the quarries at Florissant, on my first visit to them, and another, a fragment of a wing, was afterward found in the same place. The head was apparently dark-colored, the thorax not so dark, delicately and softly shagreened, with a slight median carina The tegmina are almost similarly rugulose ; the costa of the same is jjretty -strongly con- vex at base, very slightly convex beyond the middle of the basal half; the posterior border is slightly excised at the tip of the clavus, and the outer margin is oblique, being angularly excised at the posterior angle, although rounded throughout. It is dark, darkest at base and gradually grows lighter, more fuliginous toward the tip (although all the specimens do not show this), and is traversed by four equidistant transverse pale bands, the basal one reduced to a spot in the middle of the extreme base, where it oc- cupies about one-third the width of the wing ; and the apical one rather cloudy, half as broad as the breadth of the tij) and as far from the tip as from either border, equal, two or three times as broad as long, sinuoue or lunate ; the other two are more distinct, with sharply defined borders and irregularly sinuous ; the outer o^ the two traverses the entire wing, touch- ing the costal border, however, by only the tip of the rounded extremity, while it expands upon the posterior border ; the inner of the two is rounded at either extremity, fails of reaching either border, and is constricted just beneath the radial vein ; both of these bands average in width the breadth of the interspaces. VOL xin 21
322
TERTIA.RY INSECTS OF NOttTII AMERICA.
H
H
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ir
The specimen given in Fig. 5 is presumed to be a hind wing belonging to this species, but is so folded that the course of the neuration can hardly be determined ; if it is cori'ectly given the hind wing must have been banded like the fore wing.
Length of body, 23.5"™; of head, 3.7.5"""; of thorax, 4.5"""; of abdo- men, 1.5.25°"'; width of head 7™"'; of clypeus, S.h'"; length of rostrum, 8.5°"'; width of thorax behind, 8 5'""' ; length of scutellum, 3"'"; its breadth at base, 2.5""°'; length of tegmina, 2^.5'""'; width next base, 10.5°'"'; near tip, 8.5°"'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 62, 411 and 412, 11241.
2. Fetholystra herds. P). 20, Fig. 8.
Petrolyatra hero» Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Qeogr. Sarr. Terr., IV, 532 (1878).
A single specimen shows one of the tegmina in a good state of preser- vation, together with both fore legs. It differs from P. gigantea in the broader bands of the tegmina and in the form of the latter, the posterior border being slightly fuller at the b<ase, so as to make that part of the wing proportionally broader, while the posterior angle of the tip is not obliquely excised, ma'ung tlie extremity truncate rather than pointed. The bands have expanded so as to occupy the larger part of the wing ; the basal spot occu- pies the ent; ■■: base from border to border (excepting the very root) as far as an o .lique transverse line, subparallel to the inner basal edge of the wing, and distant from the root nearly half the width of the wing ; it also infringes upon that bordering line by a large semicircular excision in the middle ; the apical spot is very nearly as long as broad, and stop& just short of the margin on all three sides of the apex, and in the middle of the wing breaks through the intervening dark stripe into the outer of the two middle bands ; these two middle bands are also much broader than in the other species, but not to so great a degree as the extreme bands ; they reach from border to border, and are united to each other and to the basal spot along the sutura clavi ; the wing therefore has the appearance rather of being pale, with three transverse dark stripes, which are broad (and the outer two triangular) on the anterior half of the tegmina, narrow, sinuous, and broken on the posterior half
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HEMIPTKRA— IIOMOPTKRA— (^KUOOPIDiE.
323
Length of tegmina, 28.2.0"""; width at base, 10.8°""; at tip, 7.2"""; length of fore femora, 4.5"'"' ; fore tibia.', .O"" ; fore tarsi, 2.75'""' ; first tarsal joint, CS""; last tarsal joint, 1.7'"'"; claws, 0.5'"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 11829.
LOCRITES gen. nov, (Locris, nom. gen.).
Body stont. Head large, protuberant, well rounded, not angulated in front, though subtriangular. I'horax transverse, more than twice as broad as long, truncate both in front iind behind Siuitellum moderately large, equiangular, the angles shiirp. Tegmina large, full, about two and a lialf times longer than broad, with strongly curved costal margin, tapering con- siderably in their apical half, the apex roundly angulated ; the radial vein forking well before the middle of the wing and before that widely separated Trom the margin, midway between which and it the costal vein runs ; ulnar vein much as in the species here referred to Cercopis. Both middle and hind femora are about two-thirds as long as their respective tibia?. Abdo- men stout, tapering conically in the apical half
To this genus evidently belongs Cercopis haidingeri Heor from Radoboj, Croatia, which is slightly larger than the larger of the two species from Florissant we place here.
Table of the tpeoiea of Locrites.
Larger species; tegmina nniformly mottled in generally distributed blotches 1. L. eopfi.
Smaller species; markings of tegmina confined to obscnre transverse darker bands in the basal two- thirds of the wing 2, L. tchilti.
1. Locrites copei. PI. 21, Fig. 19.
In one of the specimens referred here, the one figured, the dorsal sur- face is shown, but with many of the ventral parts showing through. The tegmina, however, as in many of the insects from Florissant, .ippear as if bleached out, and the real markings lost ; for these we have to go to the second specimen, preserved upon a side view, which shows a delicate mot- tling of dark, circular or transverse, minute spots, more or less clustered into larger but still sma'' roundish blotches, pretty evenly distributed, but absent from the extreme tip ; the sutura clavi is very distinct and heavy,
324
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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and the whole of the clavus obscure. The liead, thorax, and scutellum appear to be uniformly and deeply sulcate (or marinate, if No. 9374 is an obverse).
Length of body, 15 5""'; of tegmina, 14"""; breadtli of thorax, S.S"""' ; combined tegmina, 10""".
Named for Prof. E. D. Cope, of Philadelpliia, the distinguished and versatile paleontologist and collaborator of tlie Tlayden Survey.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 9374, and of the I'rinceton Collec- tion 1.903.
2. LOCRITKS WHITEI. PI. 21, Fig. 17.
The single specimen and its reverse represent tlie dorsal surface of an Insect with closed wings. The head is relatively broader th:ni in the last species, with a similar though much slighter mediodorsal sulcation; the ocelli appear to be nearer together than to the eyes. The body is black, and the tegmina dark fuliginous, but permitting the black abdomen to be seen through them ; the distal half appears to be uniform, but the basal half to be transversely banded by broad darker bars, between which and between the basal bar and the base the tegmina are slightly lighter than the normal ground, accentuating the bands.
Length of body, 13.25"""; tegmina, 12'"°'; breadth of thorax, 5'"'"; combined tegmina, 7""".
Named for my colleague, Dr. C. A. White, one of the paleontological collaborators of the Hayden Survey.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8313 and 8314.
r
Us I
PALECPHORA gen. nov. {TraXatS?, inqxypa).
Allied to Triecphora in neuration, but with a more slender habit and relatively far smaller clavus. Head suborbicular, about half as broad as tlie thorax, the front well rounded, in no sense angulate, with a slight longi- tudinal carina ; ocelli posteriorly placed, much nearer together than to the eyes. Thorax rather broader than long, the front and posterior margins truncate, the sides angulate, so as to be as a whole transversely hexangular, but more or le.ss rt)uuded, so as often to appear suborbicular; marked indis-
lir
HEMIPTEKA— HOMOPTERA— OERCOPID.TU.
325
I
tmctly with a faint median sulcation and in the middle of the lateral halves, anteriorly, witli posteriorly converging similar carina?, to be seen only in clear specimens. Scutellum moderately large, subequiangular, slightly broader than long, the sides faintly concave, continuous with the angles of the thorax, the base truncate, the tip sharply pointed. Tegmina long oval, the clavus occupying not more than a fifth of the whole, which is fully two and a half times as long as broad, tapering Ciily at the extreme tip and roundly pointed slightly above the middle line, the costal margin prettj strongly convex ; the costal vein appears to be lacking ; the radial with its outer fork runs in one continuous line parallel to the costal margin through- out and at a moderate distance from it ; its inner fork parts from it a very little beyond the middle of the wing, the ulnar forking considerably before the middle ; all these branches parallel and united by subcontinuous cross- veins parallel to the apical margin, from the middle of each of which the lon- gitudinal veins continue to the margin, one or two of the upper ones (and especially the second) usually widely forked, forming apical cells nearly a sixth the length of the wing; besides this, straight but rather strongly oblique cross- veins connect the upper radial branch to the margin; all of this minor venation is sometimes obscured by the opacity of the membrane. Wings a little shorter than the tegmina. of the usual form, the marginal vein continuous ; second and third longitudinal veins united by a straight cross- vein beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, the second bent down to meet it ; third and fourth similarly united scarcely beyond the middle of the wing, the fourth deeply forked, almost to the cross-veiii, the lower branch abruptly curved at base. Legs short and slender, the fore and middle pair of nearly the same length, the hind pair a little longer ; all the femora and particularly the hind pair very short, not reacliing the sides of tlie body, scarcely broader than the slightly enlai-ged apex of the tibiae ; tibiae longer than the femora, in the hind pair twice as long and with two pairs of spines ; tarsi considerably shorter than the tibia;, in the fore and middle legs shorter, in the hind legs longer, than the femora ; in the hind legs the first joint is slightly shorter than the third, nearly twice as long as the second, the first and second with short spines at the apex beneath ; third joint at base half as wide as the second, enlarging in the apical half. Abdo- men full, long ovate, bluntly pointed.
ml
I'ilU:
326 TKUTfAUY INSKdTH OF" NORTH AMKKIdA.
This gonua is tiie inont abundiiiitly ruprosentud in individualH of juiy of tlie Hotnoptera of Florissant. It is also rich in species. In neuration it agrees very closely with Triecphora and Tomaspis, but is much slenderer than they, has a pattern of coloration (explained under the first species) peculiarly its own, while the hind tibiic have two pairs of spines, and the tarsi are apically spinous in a similar manner. The length of the terminal tarsal joint and the orbicular form of the head are also characteristic.
Six species have been recognized, which may bo separated by the fol- lowing table :
Table of the tinclea of I'olecphoru.
Of largo Hizo. Fore wings more or less (listiuctly spotted.
Apical spots coimectod by a liund bordering tlio whole ape.x.
A distiuct spot ill the center of tbo basal half of the wing 1. /'. maouUla.
No spot in the center of the basal half of ^he wing 'i. I', palej'uita.
No baud bordering the apex.
Veins of the furo wings distinct, especially the ciOHN-vciiiM mi tin- oiitrr Uaii iif the costal bor- der; spots iiunicroiis and usnally distinct 3. /'. marvinei.
Veins of the fore wing indistinct, the spots usually more or lessobsoiire, only that near the end of the sutnra clavi distinct. Most of the spots of the margins of the wing traceable but obsciiru, excepting as above.
4. P. communis. Most of the spots of the margins of the wing wholly obliterated, except as above, bnt the
base of the costa usually infiiscated !>. P. prmmleiiH.
Of medium size. Fore wings iiuicolorous ti. /'. inoniata.
1. Palecphora maculata.
W:
PI. 20, Figs. 10, 17.
This is the most profusely spotted of all the Palecphora\ The head and body are uniformly dark, and the wings membranous and without markings, but the tegmina are generally very distinctly and always very abundantly marked with dark fuliginous, subequal spots on a pale ground. There is a heavy basal striga on the costal margin, thickening distally, all within the basal fifth of the wing, and accompanied by a triangular oppos- ing cloud on the scutellar margin, rcK^.iing the tip of the scutellum and leaving between it and the basal striga only a narrow, longitudinal strip of pale ground at the base of the veins ; next the opening of this, at the basnl parting of the veins, is another longitudinally triangular spot ; at the middle of the wing, seated on the costal margin and on the sutura clavi but not invading the clavus, is a pair of further spots subquadrate or subtriangu- lar, their apices directed obliquely inward tind towards the apex; in the
IIEMII'TKUA— HOMOl'TKRA— CERCOPIDiE.
327
Hame median region in another subquadrate spot in the daviis seated on the margin and generally limited interiorly by the anal vein, along which it may send shoots in either direction ; at equal and not great distances from the apical margin is another pair of transverse subquadranguhu spots close to but not fairly seated upon the costal margin and sutura clavi, which are sometimes cotmected by n narrow fringing band which hugs the apical margin, though this band is sometimes reduced to an apical cloud which barely reaches the spots on either side. The spots may thus bo designated as basal, subbasal, median (co8to-me<linn, suturomedian, and clavo median), subapical, and apical. The neuration of the tegmina can rarely be distin- guished except in the most general wny as regards the main veins, but where the markings are most obscure, as in specimens which have some- what of a bleached appearance, the mino^ neuration of the apex of the wing's can be discovered faintly.
Lengtli of Ijody, lO.ij"""' ; of tegniinn, T..")"""; breadth of thorax, S..')"'"'.
Florissant. Ten 8pecin.en.s, Nos. 622, 3016, 345«, 3.'').'J4, 37.14, /341, 11237. U324, 13557, 16351.
2. Paleci'hi^ka patefacta. Pi, 7, Fig. 7.
In this species, the only one yet found elsewhere than at Florissant, the markings of the tegmina are much the same as ia P. maculata, but are somewhat reduced, and, what is more remarkable, the subbasal spot is ab- sent ; this point seems to be sufficiently clear, though the outspread teg- mina are preserved in a fragmentary uianner, curiously most perfect just where the spots occur, as though the pigment bore some part in their pres- ervation No veins are visible.
Length of body, 10"""; of tegminajS-S™"; breadth of thorax, 3""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 1 and 143, Prof. Leslie A. Lee.
3. Palecphoea makvinei. PI. 20, Figs. 11-13; Pi. 21, Figs. 9, 12,
This species is remarkable for the great distinctness with which ordi- narily (the considerable distinctness invariably) the complete neuration of the apical half of the wing is seen, as described under the genus. The
328
TKItTIAIlY INSKiriH OK NOKTII AMKKICA.
]Ui\
inarkingH of tlio toginiiiii iiro usiiiilly very diHtinct, uspociuUy thoHC of the inner margin, where tlie stiliiipical spot is nwst (lonHpicuoiirt. Hotli basal spots are present, but the scutellar nmeh reduced uiid often obscure ; the subbasal is always absent, as fur us 1 have soon : of the median spots the costo-median is never present, und the suturo-mediun generally obscure, often removed away from the suture and frequently absent, while the clavo-median is always })re9ont and generally distinct; the sub" nical spot of the costal margin is nevermore than faintly indicated if present, and the apical marginal band invariably absent.
Length of body, 10"""; of tegmina, 8""" ; breadth of thorax, S.S""'.
Named for the late Archibald Robertson Marvine, one of the active and acute geologists of the Ilayden Survey.
Florissant. Eleven specimens, Nos. Ifi83, 3090, 3801, 4256, 4431, 5761, 6484, 8743, 9158 and 9254, 12978, 13578.
1
4. PALKCPnORA COMMUNI.S.
|!<f
Id
ill'-.
m
PI. 20, Figs. 3, 20, 21.
This species is closely allied to the last, hardly differing from it except in the obscurity, not always absolute, of the ntiuration of the tegmina, indicating a more coriaceous texture to the same. It is .slightly smaller as a rule, tliough some specimens are as large as many of 1*. marvinei. The spots of the tegmina are also much the same as there, but tlu ugh the lower subapical spot is sometimes the only one which is conspicuous it usually shares its distinction with all the others of the inner margin, while rarely are any of those of the costal margin seen at all, except the basal one, the costo-median being almost invariably absent and never conspicu- ous, being wrongly represented as of much too deep a tint in Fig. 3 ; the subbasal spot and apical band are never present, and the suturo-median spot is never more than a faint cloud.
Length of body, 9.25""' ; of tegniina, 7.5""' ; breadth of thorax, 3'"'".
Florissant. Thirty-four specimens, Nos. 159, 2087, 4476, 4759, 5189, 5720, 5862, 5911, 5950, 6524, 6636, 7496, 8037, 8098, 8894, 8937, 8969, 9218, 10681, 11009, 11767, 12468, 12471. 12984, 13000, 13568, 13570, 13577, 13580, 13581, 13584, 14187, and of the Princeton Collection 1.320, 1.826 and 1.830,
h I
HKMIPTEUA— HOMOI'TKHA— CKKOOl'ID.K.
32y
1
5. Pai.kci'hoka pr,«vai,enh. PI. liO, Fig. I ; n, 21, Fig. 2.
This species, by far the most cuiniiioii of nil tho IIt)iiu»i)tem of Floris- sant, is least heavily marked aiiionir all those Pulecphonit which show plainly tho infeiior subapical spot. Tliis is iiHiially present, and sometimes, though very rarely, distinct, while tho other spcjts are almost wholly obscured or appear as clouds, except, indeed, the superior contn] spot, which appears as a thickening of the base of the costa slightly eidarged distally, and is rarely absent, usually tolerably d'stinct, almost always slender, and the costa is sometimes a little thickened beyond the enlargement at the normal spot. The species is one of the largest in size, but only to a slight degree.
Lengtli of body, 10.5-11"""; of tegmina, 8""»; breadth of thorax, 3-3.5"'"'.
Florissant. About seventy-five specimens, among which the best are
Nos. 543, 829, ISii, 3315, 523f), fi050, 6807, 7742, 8008 and 80S1, 8035,
10383, 11236, 11762, 13567, 13576, and from the Princeton Collection
1.710, 1.838.
6. Palecphora inoknata.
PI. 20, Fig. 1.5."
In striking contrast to the other species of Florissant I'alecphorae, this species is represented by a single specimen, which differs greatly from them. It is of considerably smaller size than the others (which are very uniform in this particular), and .shows but the faintest trace of markings, while the whole of the tegmina is fuliginous instead of pallid, with scarcely percepti- bly darker tones at the extreme tip (not given in the figure), and at the position of the inferior subapical and costo-median spots ; the sutura; clavi is distinctly marked by a dark line.
Length of body, 7.5""' ; of tegmina, 6""" ; breadth of thorax, 2"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 609.
LTTHECPHORA gen. nov. {\/9o?, h«popd).
This genus is closely allied to Palecphora, having precisely the same neuration in the hind wings, but differing principally in the form and struct- ure of the tegmina. These are less ovate in form, the margins being almost or quite parallel and the apical margin symmetrically rounded, instead of
-.y a .i i. 9
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330
IKHTIAKV INSECTS OK NOKTJl AMEJiHJA.
Tlni'
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Imving the apex nbeve the nii'ldle ; the costal niavghi also is tnnch thickened, iiiiil in one species at lei>it armed with short bristles; though the substance of the tegmina is tenuous, peVniitting the veins of the wings beneath them to be readily visible, at least in their lo\ver half, the whole is minutely tliough feebly and distantly punctuate, more conspicuous on the basal than the apical half
Table of iliC ipecies of Lithecphora.
distill inargiu ol'tugniion diatinctly tliickoni'il,
Tegmtua with tlie cusitiil iimi'gin bristletl iitiil a large pallid patoli.jnst beyond the middle. 1. 1. uligera.
Tegmiua with the coHtiil innrgiii thickpiied hut uot hristh'd and with no pallid patch.. '^, L, diaphaiia. Costal margin nf tegmiiui not tlistiiiitly thiukonod.
Tegmina wit hunt cestui niarkiugH 3. L.uiiivolor.
Tegmina with coatnl markings 4. L. mumtu.
^
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1. LiTHECPHOBA. 8ETIQEBA.
PI. 20, Fig. 22.
A single specimen is known, obtained by the Princeton College Expedi- tion. The wings of the riglit side are partly expanded, but the anterior cxtreinity of the body is uuu'^h broken; the margins of the tegmina are roiuarkabiy parallel, the costal edge fringed with very short spinous bristles; the a[)ical margin is very legularly ror.iuled, the apex tailing in the middle. The body is black and the tegmina pale fuliginous, with a large roundish pallid patch on the costal margin, crossing about two-thirds of the wing, its inner border at the ntiddle of the wing.
Length of body (i)artl\- estimated), 7.25™"'; breadth of thorax, 2.75"""; length .>f tegmina, (>""".
Floiissant. One specimen, No. 1.121, Princeton Collection.
2. LiTHECPHOBA DUPHANA.
PI. 21, Fig. 13.
A single specimen is known, preserved on a dorsal view with the teg- mina and wings half expanded. The body is dark brown, the tegmina a|i|»arently diaphanous oi almost so, at least in the lower half, for the veins of the wings show through them perfectly; the costal margin is nearly straight, but has a slight and constant convexity, so that the two nmrgins are i.ot quite parallel ; this sauu* margin is nuich thickened, more so in the
IIKMIPTKRA— irOMOI'TKUA— OEKM OIMD.K.
:{3l
^
basal Imlt' than the other specie-s but ihwo is no wi«rn of ,s|»iiious hairs, and the togmina are more pointod at t![).
Length of bculy, 8"""; (tftegnuna, 7"""; breadtli of thorax, 2.<o"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. iU).
3. LlTHECPHORA UNICOLOR. PI. 21, Figs. 4, 5, 11, 14.
I^his seems to be an abundant species, if all the specimens 1 have re- ferred to it belong here, but not a single one is well preserved, and if cor- rectly placed it must have been an exceptionally delicate insect. The most that ca.i be said of it in distinction from the other species is that the tcgmina are slender, fully three times as long as broad, with tolerably distinct veins throughout, the costal border slightly curved at extreme base and gradually falling to join the apical margin on the apical fourth of the wing, the apex slightly produced and perfectly symmetrical ; they show no signs of thicii- ening of the costal nuirgin and were evidently without niRrlvings. The liiud tibial appear to be longer than in the other species.
Length of bod}^ 7.25""" ; of tegniina,,5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2""".
Florissant. About fifty specimens, of which the best are Nos. 197U, fviOO, 11103, 12447, 13337, 14178.
■*
V
4. LlTHECPHORA MURATA. PI. 21, Figs. 3, 8.
This species is larger than the preceding, which it much resembles, dif- fering from it in imitating to a certain extent the markings characteristic of Palecphorie. The tegmina are dender, nearly three and a half times longer than broad, with the costal border strongly shouldered at base and scarcely declining at tip, the apex broadly and synunetrically rounded and in no way produced ; tlu! venation is very feeble and the markings, djirk on a light ground, consist of a basal ( ostal striga and two cloudy transverse streaks, only on the costa at all distinct and there obscure, dividing the wing into nearly equal thirds. All the specimens are poor.
Length of body, 9"™ ; of tegmina, 6.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.9"".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 912, 11007, 12776.
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382
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
I
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'i
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1) i
PRINECPIIORA gen. nov. (rrpiv, iucpopd).
Allied to Palecphora, but of a still slenderer form, and in markings resembling Triecphora, than which it is far more slender. Head half as broad as the thorax, less than half as long as broad, very bluntly rounded, and in no sense angulate in front, the middle with an exceedingly slight longitudinal carina. Thorax as in Palecphora, as also the scutellum, except- ing that it is equiangular. Tegff.ina slender, almost three times as long as broad, with nearly parallel sides, relatively straight costa and broadly rounded symmetrical apex ; clavus occupying about one-fourth of the wing, terminating in the middle of the outer half of the same ; neuration obscure but apparently with rather long apical cells. Wings and neuration as in Palecphora, but the fourth longitudinal vein not quite so deeply forked and the fork more symmetrical. Legs very imperfectly preserved in the specimens known, but apparently a little longer than in Palecphora. Abdo- men very full, tapering, the apical segments pinched.
A single species is known, one of the prettiest of the Plorissant Homoj)- tera.
Prinecphora ralteata.
PI. 20, Fig. 14,
Head and thorax finely granulated, the eyes apparently margined nar- rowly with black. Tegmina similarly but less conspicuously granulated, blackish fuliginous, deeper in tint on the basal than on the apical half, marked with two broad, pale, transverse bands, whicli are broadest on the costal margin ; the first occupies the bast-, crossing the entire wing, and is bounded outwardly by a curved line, angulate at the sutura clavi, which runs from about the end of the basal third of the costal margin inward ; the second, sometimes narrowly connected with the first along the costal edge, runs from the costal margin to the sutura clavi as the amalgamation of two spots : a circular one resting on the sutura, its inner edge at the center of the wing, and a triangular one, its base seated on the costal margin and its apex about the center of the circular spot.
Length of body, T.TS'"™ ; of tegmina, 6"""; breadth of thorax, 2.5""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 8886, 9198, 11774, and from the Princeton Collection, 1,604.
HEMIPTEBA— nOMOPTBRA— CERCOPID^.
Subfamily APHUOPHORIDA Stal.
333
Very few fossils have been referred to this group of Cercopidse, as com- pared with the otlier, althougli in temperate regions at the present day tlie Aphrophorida are in excess. [leer and others have descriijed a number of species from the European Tertiaries, both in the rocks and in amber, and theie have all been referred to the single genus Aphrophora. There are, liowever, a number of others regarded by Heer as species of Cercopis, which must certainly be referred to the Aphroi)horida, if his figures are at all cor- rect ; such are 0. fasciata and C. pallida, probably also C. oeningensis ami perhaps C. rectelinea. The sar.ie is true of Germar's C melajna from amber. As already stated, the species from Florissant I formerly regarded as related to Ptyelus turn out to be true Cercopida, but there nevertheless appear at this same station not only an obscure form temporai-ily referred to Aphro- phora, but two other forms of considerable interest, one of which appears to be a distinct type, which I have called Palaphrodes, with several species, most of them tolerably abundant ; the other, a single specimen, which must be referred latitudinally to the highly specialized existing Clastoptera.
PALAPHRODES gen. nov. (a-aA«/fJ?, dcppcoSrf?).
Stout bodied, of oval form. Head well rounded in front, nearly twice as broad as long, reaching on either side posteriorly the more sloping por- tion of the front of the anterickly angulate and rounded thorax and there- fore considerably narro . er than it. Ocelli as far from each other as from the eyes. Thorax hexangular, the lateral sid< tl»e shortest, and after that the central portion of the posterior border, whicli is slightly shorter than the oblique portions, the whole thorax half as broad again as l'>ng and notcari- nate. Scutellum rather small, equiangular, all the sides straight or the lateral slightly concave. Tegmina broad oval, but little more than twice as long as broad, the costal margin strongly arched the apex rounded but more or less acuminate, the neuration much as in Aphrophora. Wings ample, well rounded, with no apical emargination, a little shorter than the tegmina; the second and third and also the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins united by straight transverse or oblique cross-veins at equal distances from the margin, at about the end of the middle third of the wing, the third and fourth by a similar vein at about the center of the wing.
334
TRRTlAUy INSECTS OF NOltTH AMKBICA.
i-
Th' anus aeenis to fall 80uiewhere oetween Cephisus and Avernus, but the L./ucture of the hind legs is not known. It v/as an abundant type in the Florissant basin, five species being already known, most of them by a considerable nimiber of examples.
Table of the apeeiea of Palaphroileii.
Middle of the tegiuiua traversed, at least on t'ae costal edge, by a black band ; iio long baHo-costal stripe. Middle stripe of tegniiua distinctly travoraiiig tbe wing transversely without change of breadth ;
ujuratiou distinct ). ;>. oinrla.
Middle stripe of ti'i;rain» not distinctly tnivorMiiig the wing transversely witliont change of breadth ; ni' ion indistinct. Middle stiiio of togniina coufinuii to a spot on the costal edge and this usually suuiewhat
obscure 2. P. obiieura.
Middle stripe of tegniina directed obliquely outward.
•Subapical costal stripe of tegniina uioder.itely oblique and moderately broad, with irrt-giilar
margins 3. r. irregularin.
Subapical costal stripe of tegniina very oblique, very slender, with sharply defined straight
niargias 4. P. obliqua.
Middle of the tegniina traversed by a pale band ; a long and broad baso-costal dark stri| <■
5. I', transversa.
1. Palaphrodes cincta.
PI. 20, Pig. 16; Fl. 21, Fig. 15.
Body uniformly dark colored, the incisures of the abdomen paler. The species is distinguished by the markings of the teginina and the distinctness of the neuration, the latter due to its being traced in black throughout the apical half of the wing ; the ground of the tegmina is pale, perhaps diapha- nous ; the base is blackish, making here a large triangular patch with very irregular outer outline ; across the middle of the wing, separated from the basal patch by the length of the latter, is a broad, equal, straight, transverse, blackish stripe or bar often deepest in color on the costal half or becoming fuliginous on the inner half ; its edges, and especially its upper, are tolerably straight. It is followed at an equal distance on the costal margin by a slender, oblique, black, and narrowing stripe just before the apical cells, generall}'^ running about half-way across the wing, parallel to the hind margin.
Length of body, 1).;")""" ; breadtii of thorax, S.iV""' ; length of tegmina, H""" ; breadth of closed tegmina together, .'>..5""'.
Florissant. Thirteen specimens, Nos. 208, 582, 6908, 11238, 12094, 13555, 13573, 14234. perhaps 1632, and of the Princeton Collection 1.505, 1.813 and 1.841, 1.815 and 1.839.
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HEMIITEKA— UOxMOPTERA— OBRCOPIIKK.
335
Specimen No. 2U8, tiwui-ed on Plate 21, has been niislnid iind was not uxamined at the time when this description was drawn up.
2. Palaphkodks ojJSoirKA. PI. 21, Fig. 18.
This species differs from the preceding, to which it is most nearly allied, mainly in the obscurity of its markings, which in general follow the position of those iu P. cincta Unfortunately the most deeply marked specimen was figured, and its color has been somewhat deepened on the plate, so that the differences do not there clearly appear ; ordinarily, however, besides the obscurity of the markings, the middle transverse stripe is also broadened, and so, as it were, diffused (not at all the case in the individual figured), and the subapical oblique stripe becomes a far broader, short, quadrate bar on the costal margin. It appears to be ordinarily a smaller species than the preceding, but one individual is nearly as large as the largest of that species.
Length of body, 9.25""" ; breadth of thorax, 3.2""" ; length of tegmina, 7.5°"° ; breadth of closed tegmina together, 5"'".
Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 452, 4287, 4404, 11239, 13321, and of the Princeton Collection 1.816.
3. Palaphrodes iebegulakis.
PI. 20, Figs. 2, 18 ; PI. 21, Figs. 6, 7.
This species, with P. cincta the commonest of the genus, appears to differ from it very decidedly in the form, extent, and position of the darker markings beyond the basal ; they occupy, indeed, so much more room where they are well developed ."s to cover moro space than the lighter parts, so that the tegmina might quite as well, or better, be regarded ni dark with light markings ; the median belt occupies on the costal margin precisely the same position as in P. cincta, but in passing across the wing it immediately and considerably expands, rarely, however, without being more or less broken and blotched with pale ; at the center of the wing its expansion tends to break it up into two forks, and the commissural portion is highly variable ; in general, however, the proximal fork is far more intense and distinct than the distal, leaving between it and tlie basal patch of the teg- mina an often well defined, constantly narrowing, transvev.«^e, white band, broad on the costal margin, reduced nearly to nothing oii the inner, and
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336
TEKTIAKY INSECTS OP NOllTH AMERICA.
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1 i I"
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IS
generally narrowing abruptly an the sutura clavi is crossed ; the distal fork is directed toward the tip of the sutura clavi, but is dissipated and broken into flecks before reaching it ; the subapical, slender, oblique, costal stripe is much as in P. cincta, but runs in the opposite direction and is more variable and almost always accompanied by an opposed, large, fuliginous, subquadrate, subapical cloud on the inner margin.
This appears to be one of the largest species, but is subject to consider- able variation, one of the specimens refeiTed here being one of the smallest.
liength of body, 11"""; breadth of thorax, 4'""'; length of tegminsi, 8.8""" ; breadth of closed tegmina together, fi"'"".
Florissant. Twelve specimens, Nos. 43, 854, 2101, 3864, 5058, 8233, 8536, 10364, 10681), 12090 and 12472, 14200, and of the Princeton Collec- tion 1.836.
4. PaLAPHKODES OBLIQUA. PI. 21, Fig. 10.
This species, which seems to be rare, is slenderer than the others, but related pretty closely to the last, though it has some peculiarities tending in another direction. The body is uniformly dark, and the ground of the tegmina dark with the same dark basal patch found in all the preceding species ; in this, however, the median band is not developed into two forks, as in the last species, with the proximal fork the stronger, but there is no sign of a proximal fork unless a slight general cloudiness in this direction may be looked on as a relic of the same ; the distal fork, howevei', is well developed, united, or almost imited with, and in any case directed tOAvard so as to involve, the subapical spot of the inner margin found also in the last species ; in addition, as if in recognition of the superinduced f bliquity of the median band, the subapical costal striga has become more oblique than in P. irregularis, and there is a slight, slender, transverse marginal cloud.
Length of body, 10.5"""; of tegmina, 6.25"""'; breadth of thorax, 3""».
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 8887, 9531.
5. Palaphkodes transversa.
This species, represented by only a single specimen, differs much more widely from the others than they among themselves. It is broader oval than they, and the markings are quite differently located. The head and bod}' are light instead of dark, with a straight, broad, ti'ansverse, dark belt
T
t
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— CEUC'OPID^.
337
T
crossing the hinder margin of the thorax, but not involving the pale scutelluiii. The tegniina are niarked at base by two very broad, dark, longitudinal stripes, one following the costa for the basal two-fifths of the wing, and here bent inward half-way across the tegmina ; the other, most intense in color as soon as the scutelluin is passed, and not extending so far out as the costal patch, occupies the base of the clavus ; the pale inner base of the corium is therefore nearly inclosed with dark bands; outside of these basal markings, which extend nearly to the middle of the wing, is a broad, transverse, equal, pretty sharply edged, subapical, dark band, most intense in tone on the costal half
This insect differs so much from the others that I suspect it will be found necessary to separate it generically from them.
Length of body, 10.5"""; of tegmina, 7.5"""; breadth of thorax, S.S""*; of closed tegmina together, 6°"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 4521.
APHROPHORA German
Half a dozen species or more referred to this genus have been found fossil in amber, and at Oeningen, Aix, Radoboj, and at Greith, in the rocks; they have been mentioned or described by.Berendt, Gravenhorst, Germar, Heer, and Giebel. The single one here added, very imperfectly known, is placed here only as the group giving its name to the subfamily.
n
■rg
+
Aphbophora sp. PI. 19, Fig. 10. .
To Aphrophora as typical of the subfamily I refer some imperfect specimens which bear a certain general resemblance to Palecphora, but which have a rounded front to the thorax, showing ♦^^hat they should be brought in this division. None of them are perfect enough to enable one to draw from all a i)roper description, for they appear to have been fragile insects. The structure of the legs appears to be as in Palecphora; the tegmina to have been delicate and semi-transparent, and to have had a large subapical costal cloud.
Length of body, 10"'™; of tegmina, 8"": breadth of thorax, 2.5"".
Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 1360, 3102, 3474, 4379, 11008, 14022.
VOL xui 22
1
■■■I
338
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
ii
i )
CLASTOPTERA Germar.
It is not a little aurprisin'r to find in the Florissant shales a species of this highly specialized form. Apparently the tegmina were not so remarkably convex as in modern types, but the presence of this genus indicates once more how thoroughly the present general features of insect form and struct- ure were established even as early as in Oligocene times. It is the only fossil species known. The genus belongs to the New World, and especially to the tropics, but at least a couple of species are found on our southern Atlantic coast.
ClASTOPTEKA COM8TOCKI. PI, 19, Fig. 22.
The head was mostly concealed under a flake of stone when the drawing for the plate was made, since removed, showing it to have had a front margin very regularly and very broadly convex, black like the very transverse thorax. The form of the dark, testaceous scutellum is not quite fairly given in the plate ; half as broad at base as the thorax, it is sharply and regularly triangular, almost or quite as long as the width of the thorax, and sharply pointed posteriorly. The tegmina are about twice as long as broad, appar- ently nearly flat (wholly flattened on the stone), less than the apical third diaphanous, the remainder semicoriaceous and testaceous, the neuration obscui'ed and even the sutura clavi scarcely perceptible, the clavus appar- ently nan'ower and less broadly rounded at apex than in our living forms.
Length to tip of tegmina, 2.8™"°; breadth across closed tegmina, 2""°.
Named for J. Henry Comstock, professor of entomology in Cornell University.
Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 6655.
Order HETEROPTERi^ Latreille.
Of the twenty families into which fossil Heteroptei'a may be divided only five are remarkable for the abundance of their representation in the existing fauna. These are the Reduviidaj, Capsidfe, Lygajida?, Coreidae, and PentatomidfB ; and these same families are also well represented among the fossils, containing together about four-fifths of the total lieteropterous fauna. Indeed, the only other family which can be regarded as at all abundant in Tertiary times is the Physapodes, the known species surpassing those of the
HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEBA.
339
Roduvlidaj. Of these six fumilies the Lygrcidoe were then the most abun- dant, containing a little more than 25 per cent of the whole, followed hard by the Pentatomidas with a little less than 2r> per cent ; the Coreida; come next with 15 per cent, followed at nearly similar distance by the Capsidic \vith 9 per cent. The Physapodes have 7 per cent and the Reduviidse only 4J per cent, mainly because America is so strangely poor in this group, having indeed but a couple of species, the only groups at all common in America being the four with the highest percentages. Here the relative per- centages in the two worlds are very different, as will appear from the follow- ing table, the Lyga^idae having 33 per cent of the whole American fauna against 19J per cent in Europe ; the Pentatomida; 24 per cent in America against 25^ per cent in Europe, these two sinking contrasts combining to give the Lygajidae the total preponderance, hitherto enjoyed by the Penta- tomida3 ; the Coreidae 22 per cent in America against 9 J per cent in Europe, and the Capsidae 9 per cent in America against 10 per cent in Europe.
Summary list of knotcn foitil Hetefoptera.
Famillei.
C»rizUliD
Notouectidu! . . .
Nepida:
Bolostomatidiu
NaucoridiB
Galgiilidie
Saldido)
Veliido)
Hydrobatidn) . . LiiDDobatidiu..
RediiviidiB
Nabido)
Aradidffi
Tingidido)
Acanthiidat ...
Capsido)
PbyBapodcs
Ij.Vgioidtt)
Coreidii)
Pentatomidai..
North America.
Genera. Species,
Total.
3
I 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 3 1 7 :< 26 14
m
80
A 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 ■A 0 2 0 •0 3 1
13 3 51 34 37
154
Europe.
Oeuera.
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 8 2 7 2 1 4 0 13 4 6 12 14
77
Species
2 3 4
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
14
7
5
5
0
20
21
39
19
51
201
■ What I formerly thonght to be Amdidie tnmed out to be Uyodoohina.
♦
340
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
|:!
IJH
Of the other smaller families the only ones which surpass more than five known fossil species in all are the Nabidic with seven species and the Tingididse with eight ; of these there have been found in America no Nabi- doEj whatever and the smaller half of the Tingididsu. Other families not found in America are the Nepidoc, Belostomatida?, Naucorid.nc, Saldidce, Limnoba- tida;, and Aradidoo, all but the Saldidfc having more than one species in Europe. On the other hand the only family found in America and not in Europe is the Acanthiidte with a single species. The remaining smaller families represented on both continents vary in their numbers from one to throe in America and from one to four in Europe.
If, however, we omit from this enumeration the forms which have been found in amber, and thus compare those of the rocks only, as in the follow- ing table, we shall meet with somewhat different results.
Table offottil Heteroptera from rock depoMs.
|
Families. |
North America. |
Europe. |
|
|
Genera. |
Species. 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 3 1 13 3 51 34 37 |
Geuora. |
Species. |
|
• Cor!z!cle9 |
2 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 o 0 0 3 1 7 3 26 14 IC |
1 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 6 2 1 3 0 1 4 • 6 11 14 |
2 3 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 12 5 2 4 0 1 18 37 18 .'iO |
|
NotoneotidiB ...... .... |
|||
|
Nepidse BelostomatidsB |
|||
|
GalcrulidoB ...... ...... |
|||
|
Saldidw |
|||
|
VeliidtD ...... .... .... |
|||
|
Limnobatidiie ReduTiidw Nabidm |
|||
|
Tincididm |
|||
|
AcanthiidtB Cttpsidffi .. ........... |
|||
|
IjViza)idea |
|||
|
Pentatouiidge Total |
|||
|
80 |
154 |
58 |
102 |
HEMIPTEBA— HETEUOPTfillA.
341
^
T]ie principal change whicli may be noted here ia the almost total extinction of the Ciipsidw in tlio European roproHontation which hIiows but a singlo Hpccics ; the Saldi(lu3 and Ilydrobatida; do not appear and the Aradida; are notably reduced. The greatest contrasts between the Euro- pean and American rocks, with an almost equal total number of species,' is seen in the Capsida*, wliich have 8 per cent of the total fauna in America, O.G per cent in Europe, and the Coreidaj with 22 per cent in America and 11 percent in Europe ; these are the only cases of striking contrast in which the American fauna Im the richer; the others are the lieduviidoi, 1.3 per cent for America, 7.4 per cent for Europe; the Nabidaj, none for America, 3 per cent for Europe; and the Physapodea 2 per cent for America, 11 per cent for Europe. The contrasted balance of the Ljgteidaj and Pentatomidaj is well seen, America having 33 per cent of Lygieidte and 24 per cent of F^Mjtatomidre, Europe 23 per cent of the former and 31 per cent of the latter.
Very little change appears in the smaller families (a relatively small number of which occur in amber) except in the entire absence of any repre- sentatives of Hydrobatida; and Saldida), the former occurring in America. It is also surprising to see how little the larger families (with a single excep- tion) are affected by the new table, amber having but the meagerest possi- ble contribution to offer to the Pentatomida?, Coreida;, Lygajidai, and Physapodes, while the single exception noted above of the Capsidaj is a startling one, amber furnishing nineteen of the twenty European Tertiary species.
It may be worth while to extend some of these comparisons in a differ- ent direction, that of existing American faunas. There are, I believe, but three opportunities for such comparison. First, Mr. Uhler's Check-list of the North American Heteroptera (1886), which embraces all species known at the time, including the Mexican and West Indian ; second, the same writer's valuable List of the Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi (1876), which represents pai 'icularly the geographical region of our Tertiary fossil Heteroptera ; and, third, Mr. Distant's contribution to the Biologia Centrali Americana (1880-89), which has a decidedly more southern aspect than Uhler's gener.al list. Distant's work has progres.i'ed only through the larger families (in reverse order to that followed here) and indeed at this writing the supplement to the first volume is not complete, and accordingly in what
> III the enuiueratiou of tho Earopeau species a oonsiderable number of undescribed speoies are iatro- duoed whose presence has been merely indicated by statements of different naturalists,
■ti
343
TlCllTIAUY INSECTS OF NOUTO AMElilCJA.
m
U
f
1 1>
follows I liavo omitted all consideration of that, to make the coraparisons more e(iuable. For the sanio reason, in order to use the lust work at all, I have instituted comparisons only between the families there elaborated, and have used the family groups in the same sense as there, except only that I have regarded hia Pyrrhocoridie as a group of Lyga-idfe.
These four families are indeed the very ones, and, as will bo seen, the only ones which assume any importance in the American Tertiaries ; and a comparison of their interrelation as to numbers can be shown succinctly by the following table, which exhibits the relative percentage of representa- tion of each of these families in the different regions and times as represented in the published lists — the only available ones, and which may be supposed to represent, not the numbers, but the relations with tolerable accuracy :
|
Families. |
Aiiiericau Tertiary. |
IJliler ; Western List. |
Uhler; Ouiieral List. |
Distant; Central America. |
|
9.6 37.8 25 1 27.4 |
U.O 31.4 23. 1 34.5 |
25.0 19.2 21.6 34.1 |
27.3 17.7 21.7 33.2 |
|
|
Lvffifiidffi |
||||
|
Peutatoiuidu! Total |
||||
|
99. 9 100. 0 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
||
Tlie correspondence of the numbers in the ! t two columns is even le.ss remarkable than the disturbance of the relative percentages of the Cap- sidaj and Lygajidie of the western list when compared with those of the American and C ;ntral American forms ; the merest indication of such an overturn is shown in the comparison of the nearer American and the more distant Central American lists ; but the overturn is still more complete and in the same direction when we compare the existing and the fossil fauna of the West. The relative representation, then, of the four principal families of the Tertiary Heteroptera of the western half of our continent agrees con- spicuously better with the relative representation of the existing fauna of the same geographical region than with that of the other regions of the same world. Either the physical conditions of the region in question have remained since Oligocene times in the same relative contrast to those of the other regions under comparison, or the present Heteropterous fauna of the West shows a decided relation to that which existed on the same ground in Tertiary times, or both.
ii
i'!
nEMlPTEUA— llliTKUOPTEUA— COmXID.E.
343
An ill tlio Ilomoptoni, and for tho .saiiio gononvl rensons, It lm« been fouml imperative to eHtiiblitsli in tho Ilotoroptura a lar<^e nuinbor of now generic groups to treat them on the name principles that guide the zoioogist. Characteristics of structure in antagonism to those prevalent to-day in the same groups run throughout large divisions, or even families, and must be taken into account if we are to do justice to the facts. Bringing thewe thus into prominence will servo tho useful purpose of stimulating inquiry into their meaning and origin, which the data at present at hand seem inadeipiate to explain. That many of these extinct types attaiiutd ;v high degree of differentiation is readily seen by a glance at the tabular view at the end of tho volume, where a large immber of the genera will bo found to have been represented by a half dozen or more species each, some of them at the time very abundant in individuals.
Family CORIXID^ Douglas and Scott.
This family, which first appears in the Tertiarie8,Ms very poorly repre- sented there. Only two European species are known, one each from Oeningen and Stossclien. The latter species, very small and probably immature, is hardly recognizable except as a water-bug of some kind. That from Oeningen, referred like the other to the existing and wide-spread genus Corixa, if intermediate in character between the two species of Corixafrom Florissant we are able +0 add here. But the most interesting form which we give below is the strange insect from Florissant, unfortunately but imperfectly preserved, which seems to combine some of the characters of Corixidaj and Notonfctida;, and to form the type of a new genus, probably most nearly allied to Sigara. '*
PROSIGARA gen, no v. (a-po, Sigara, nom. gen.).
This is a very curious, robust, new form of Corixidaj, which seems more nearly related to the gerontogeic Sigara than the almost cosmopolitan Corixa. It is, however, clearly distinguished from either in the great size of the head. [This is given, however, as much too large in the plate, where the femur of the left fore leg is confounded with it.] The head is even larger than in the
' Unless the poorly prestTved insect fromtbe white Jura of Bavaria, which Oppeuheim has recently referred doubtfully to Corixa, is to he regarded as belonging Iiere,
wm
V i
344
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
:i
:MM
Notonectidse, subrotund, but embracing the thorax posteriorly as in Corjxa; it has a median sulcation. The thorax is remarkably large, broader than the head, only about twioa as broad as long, well rounded, posteriorly truncate, separating off a large triangular scutellum (again like Notonecta) whose posterior sides are convex and the apex rounded ; it is only a little shorter than the thovax ard cbout half as broad as it. The hemelytra are broad and well rcunded, the clavus very broad, the membrane indistin- guishable f'ronj the corium, the apex well rounded, the tips of the opposite pairs overlapping as in Sigara ; the veins are numerous and divergent like tho rays of a fan. The legs are long and slender, the middle pair nearly as long a.3 the body, the tarsi biarticulate, the joints subequal. A single species is known.
Prosigara flabellum. PI. 22, Fig. 12,
A single specimen, showing a dorsal view. The whole body is dark gray and the hemelytra delicately mottled, through which the dusky veins, growing darker apically, make their way, and, radiating in the broader apical part of the corium, from which the membrane is indistinguishable, form the most conspicuous feature of the markings ; none of the last, however, appear in the clavus. The tarsus of the middle legs is not shown in the figure.
Length of body, 6"""; breadth, 1.85™™; length of tegmina, 3.5"""; breadth, 1.4"'"'; length of middle (?) leg beyond side of body, S"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1098.
CORIXA Geoffrey.
As stated above, two European species of this widely distributed genus are known from the European Tertiaries, to which we are able to add two others from Florissant with well defined characteristic markings.
Table of the ipeciea of Corixa.
Tegmina more tban four times longer tlian broud 1. C. vanduzeei
Tegmina less than four times longer than broad '. 2. C. immersa.
1. CORIXA VANDCZEEI. PI. 22, Fig. 17.
A very pretty species of about the size and form of C. alternata Say, but more nearly allied to C. interrupta Say, not only in markings but also
HEMIPTEB 4— HETEliOPTEEA-COUIXID^.
345
4'
1
in the form of the costal field. I have seen but few of our many species of thia genus, but Mr. Uliler, v/ho has seen only the figure of the present spe- cies, informs me that it shows most resemblance in markings to 0. praeusta Fieb. of Europe. Tiie thorax is dark and more or less mottled with pale, a mottling which appears to have a transverse disposition, but the condition of none of the specimens allows one to say whether it is as regu^-'-ly dis- posed as on the hemelytra or not. On these the costal field is p ' '. 1 ' ith a dusky vein extending down the middle, and is very broad jus*; ueyoD-l the base, being in the middle of the basal half equal to one-thirf i ' !.<, entire breadth of the hemelytra; beyond it narrows, and opposite the oblique termination of the corium is lightly marked with the faintly and delicately undulate narrow, dark, bands of the rest of the hemelytra ; these are some- what broader than the intervening pallid spaces, and traverse the corium and clavus alike with more or less but ordinarily not much interruption at the suture ; on the membrane these darker bands become shattered as if by a jar which has almost but not quite destroyed at once their transverse and their linear character.
Length of body, 7.5""° ; of tegmina, 6°"" ; breadth of closed tegmina, 2.6""".
Named for Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffiilo, a careful student of our native Hemiptera, whoso assistance has been of great service in the study of the fossil forms.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 3219, 3409, 3665, 5178, 7269.
2. C0EI>.A IMMERSA. PI. 22, Fig. 16.
A robust form with more obscure markings than the preceding but very similar in character. The head and thorax are dark and uniform, and the hemelytra may best be described as dark, traversed more or less distinctly, more distinctly-distally than next the base, with pale, tremulous, continuous threads, which cross corium and clavus alike but are stopped by the costal field, which is slender and nearly equal throughout ; on the mem- brane the markings are shattered and present precisely the appearance they do in C. vanduzeei ; the markings bear much resemblance to those of C. hellensii Sahib, of Europe, as figured by Snellen.
1 '; II
ffj.
;l
lit.
li
it
m
346
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Length of body, 6"™ ; of tegmina, 5""" ; breadth of closed tegmina, 2.85""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 1456, 2238, fi978
Family NOTONECTID^E Stephens.
This family of water-bugs makes its first appearance in the Tertiaries, and then in very scanty numbers. But four species rtre known, all of them referred to the existing genus Notonecta, which has now a wide distribu- tion. The three known European fossil species have been reported respect- ively from Kutschlin, Rott, and Aix. The fourth is the species from Flor- issant, described below.
NOTONECTA Linnd.
A single small species of this genus has occurred at Florissant of a sim- ilar size as, but of a more robust form than, the species described by Deicli- miiller from Kutschlin ; a second larger species has also been described by Heyden from Rott, and a third has been indicated by Hope from Aix. Existing species of the genus most abundant in temperate regions are found nearly all over the world.
Notonecta emersoni. PI. 22, Fig. 11.
A small spQcies, of which possibly only immature individuals are at hand. The smaller showing the dorsal surface is certainly so, and the other showing the ventral surface is not clearly determinable in this respect. The description is taken mainly from the larger. It is of a very regular oval form and is apparently mature, since on one side is seen the edge of the hemelytra, or what can hardly be regarded otherwise. JVinges of combed hairs are directed obliquely backward on the sides of the abdomen, and the median forked line on its posterior portion seems to indicate the hemelytral suture of the upper surface seen through the body. The hind legs are of the usual type, terminating in a blunt point — blunter than appears in the figure, and are minutely fringed with delicate short spines. The femur, tibia, and first tarsal joint are subequal.
i
«)
I
i
«)
HEMIPTBRA— HETEROPTERA— GALGULIDJS.
347
i^rnm
Length of body, 4.2""" ; breadth, LSS"™ ; length of hind legs, 5.35" The species is named for the Massachusetts geologist, Prof. B. K. Emerson, of Amherst.
Florissant. Two specimens, Noa. 3857, 10729.
Family GALGULID^ Westwood.
The only fossil hitherto known as belonging to this family is an insect from the brown coal of Rott, described by Heyden as a mite under the name Linmochares antiquus, but shown by Bertkau to be a galgulid, and probably only a larval skin of one at that. Bertkau also regards the Flor- issant fossil, described above as a Thysanuran under the generic name Planocephalus, as a very similar creature and probably a larval galgulid, but in this J can not follow him ; nor are any other Galgulida^ known among the mass of insects found at Florissant. In the similar beds at Green River, however, a single insect is preserved (all but the abdomen) which seems to present characters which show it to be the nearest related to Pelogonus, which, however, I know only from description and the figure of Dufour. The present species is very remarkable for several points : the form of the head, the absence of any sign of eyes on the upper surface of the same (darker patches at the outer limits of the head probably indicate their exist- ence at this point beneath), the flattened bod'", and the long, i-od-like legs, the front pair longer and larger than the others, but quite similar in char- acter (except for lacking a tarsal joint) and in no way raptorial. It shows certiuii resemblances to Aphelocheirus, but on the whole seems rather a member of this family than of the Naucoridse.
NECYGONUS gen. nov. (renv?, yovrj).
Body broad oval, apparently much flattened. Head subsemicircular, more than twice as broad as long, the front border strongly and uniformly rounded, hind border truncate, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes ap- parently wholly inferior, situated at the posterior outer angles. Rostrum long, lancet-shaped, not very sharply pointed, the last joint about a fourth of the total length. Antennae long and slander, considerably longer than the width of the body, the last joint nearly as long as tlio tarsi. All the legs long, slender, rod-like, similar, the femora nowhere swollen but twice
348
TERTIABY INSECTS Olf NOUTH AMERICA.
11
HI ' 'si/
(I
|
ii , |
|
if ■ ■ |
|
'i y ''< |
|
i '3 ■ '■ |
|
M' |
|
JJI ■ |
|
f 1 1 |
|
|i .1 |
|
if |
|
mm |
|
W^m |
|
Wm |
as broad as their tibifB, which equal or surpass them in length, the fore femora considerably longer than the middle pair ; all the tarsi equal, but the fore tarsi two-jointed, the others three-jointed, the joints of each sub- equal.
This genus diffei's markedly from Pelogonus, to which i^, appears to be the most nearly allied, in the great length of the fore legs, which seem to show a relationship to the Naucoridae, though they are in no sense raptorial. It is also peculiar for the want of eyes upon the upper surface of the head. The legs are smooth.
A single species is known.
NeCYGONUS R0TUNDATU8. PI. 7, Fig. 8.
Although the abdomen is wanting, the form of the anterior part of the body, with the anterior position of the legs, would indicate that the creature was of a short oval form, very lilely twice as long as broad. The flat body, both head and thorax, are of a slightly granular texture, and of a dusky color, uniform for body and legs, except that the head is slightly darker than the rest.
Breadth of body, 3.5"""; head, 2.5"""; length of head, 1""°; rostrum, 2.6"" ; antennae (as far as preserved, detached from the body), 4™"' ; fore femora, 3.25""" ; tibise, 3.75'""' ; tarsi, l"" ; middle femora, 2.75"'"' ; tibijE, 2.65""'; tarsi, C.g™" ; hind tarsi, 1.2'""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 107, Dr. A. S. Packard.
Family VELnD./e Douglas and Scott.
Westwood states that species allied to Velia occur in the Secondary rocks of England, but there is no figure of them, and this is the only men- tion of their occurrence before the Tertiaries. Sirnlarly their only mention in the later series is by Serres, who says that at Aix a spt sies of " Gerris' occurs which he compares to Velia currens. * In our own Tertiaries two species have occurred, at Florissant, each apparently belonging to a dis- tinct and extinct genus ; these I have called Palseovelia and Stenovelia.
Table of the genm-a of VclUdai.
Hiiiil tibisB and first ta<^al joint armed at tip with long spines 1. Palaovelia.
Hind tibiio ;md first tarsal joint not armed at tip with long spines x. Stenovelia.
^
HEMIPTBRA— HF;TER0PTERA-VELIID^.
349
1. PALiEOVELIA gen. nov. (TtaXatoS, Velia, nom. gen.).
Head much as in Microvelia, small, subtriangular, with rounded angles, a little broader than long, plunged to the eyes in the roundly emarginate prothorax, and continuing the curve of its rapidly narrowing sides, the part in front of the eyes a little shorter than they. Thorax pentagonal, the sides subequal, the lateral faces straight, the front concave, the posterior faces still more concave but a little shorter than the others, the median posterior process not reaching far back, rather acute. Body widest at the posterior sides of the thorax, the abdomen tapering but little, ii. its posterior third roundly narrowing, terminating in a bifid plate, the posterior part of the abdomen bluntly conical, and the entire body having a long ovate shape. Hind legs very short, only reaching the tip of the abdomen, the femora and tibiae of nearly equal length, the tarsi longer than either, the tibiae and first tarsal joint both ai*med at the tip with prominent delicate spines, the tarsi three-jointed.
A single species is known.
Pal.^ovelia spinosa. PI. 22, Fig. 13.
The single specimen appears to be seen on the ventral surfice only, showing a pale gray abdomen, while all the other parts are black; the thorax and base of abdomen are clothed not very densely with exceedingly fine, short, dark hairs directed laterally outward, while beyond, an obscure dotting on the abdomen would seem to indicate similar but erect hairs. The legs are pretty thickly beset with fine, stiff hairs, the apical spines of the tibia and first tarsal joint about as long as the width of the joint, the tibiae also with an apical or preapical spur fully twice as long.
Length of body, 3.65"'"; breadth, 1.85""" ; length of hind femur, 0.8""" ; tibia, 0.8"™ ; tarsi, 1.2""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 13325.
2. STENOVELIA gen. nov. (arero?,^ Velia, nom. gen.)
Body robust, blunt oval. Head narrow but not very small, rounded subquadrate, about half as large as the pronotum, but rather longer than it, the
■ The name is given in allnaion to the oonflned gnrronndiDgs of this genus of Veliidae, not to any slenderness of form.
■M
850
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
i)8; :
Hu-
moderately large eyes at the very base. Antennae four-jointed, about reach- ing to the base of the middle legs, the joints of nearly equal length, but the first and fourth a little the longest and the second shortest, the first cylin- drical and moderately stout, the last oval, the others obovate and a little slenderer. Pronotum faintly set ofi* from the lest of the thorax as a trans- verse piece more than twice as broad as long, the thorax as a whole pentag- onal, the posterior border being subangulate and the posterior sides of the pentagon only slightly oblique ; front margin straight and longer than any of the others, though the thorax narrows forward rather rapidly. Legs short and stout, the fore legs about half as long as the others, the hind pair the longest, though the middle and hind femora are subequal ; the hind tibise longer than the middle tibije or than the femora, while the femora and tibiae are equal in the fore and middle legs, or the tibia is only slightly longer than the femur in the middle legs ; tarsi three-jointed, the joints tolerably long, the last a little shorter than the others. Abdomen oval, well rounded, the last two joints sometin -^s produced. No trace of wings. A single species is known.
Stenovelia nigra.
PI. 22, FiRS. 8, 14.
Whole body uniformly dead black ; the pigment in some cases has broken in flakes from the legs, especially the middle and hinder pairs, giving them a mottled appearance which is purely accidental. The whole body, including the legs, uniformly smooth, with no trace of hairs or spines.
Length of body, 3.75"""; breadth, LeS"""; length of antenna?, l.!"""; fore femora, 0.75"""; tibiae, 0.75"'"'; tarsi, 0.35"""; middle femora, 1.2"'"'; tibise, LS""'; tarsi, O-S""; hind femora, L2"'"'; t\h\i3, 1.4"'"'; tarsi, O-S"*"".
Florissant. Twenty-three specimens, Nos. 875, 878, 1934, 2936, 3020, 3268, 3866, 6497, 7565, 9243, 9499, 9563, 9589, 10344, 10691, 10787, 10945, 12074, 12098, 12099, 12936, 14025, 14981.
Family HYDRO BATID^E StM.
This family was perhaps known in Mesozoic times. Oppenheim, indeed, figures two species which he refers to a new genus Haloraetra, sup- posed to belong here, but which Deichmiiller has shown should be referred to the Acridii, among Orthoptera. Perhaps here, however, belong unfigured and undescribed forms from the English rocks referred by Westwood to
HEMIPTEBA— HETEEOPTERA— HYDROBATIDiE.
351
Hydroraetra In the European Tertiaries Germar figures two insects he regards as immature and as belonging to Hydrometra or Halobates, or both, and which also appear to belong to this family. Burmeister further says that Serres mentions a " characteristic Hydrometra " from Aix, but as a comparison will show, he has evidently written Hydrometra for Ploiaria, and that is quite another insect. In our own country we have a couple of species from Wyoming and British Columbia belonging to an extinct genus, Telmatrechus, described below, related to Hygi'Otrechus, found in the North Temperate zone of both worlds; and a species of Metrobates, a genus peculiar to eastern North America.
TELMATRECHUS gen. nov. {riXna, Tptx<«).
This genus is closely allied to Hygrotrechus Stal, and, combining as it does many of the features of this genus and Limnotrechus Stal, may well have been the lineal predecessor of both. The antennae have the first joint only a little longer than the second. The eyes are not at all prominent. . The thorax is relatively shorter than in Hygrotrechus. The legs are very long, the tibiae of each pair of legs about as long as the femora of the same legs, an equality which I have not found in any other genera of Hydro- batidse ; in the fore legs the equality is perfect ; in the middle legs the tibia) are slightly longer, in the hind legs slightly shorter, than the femora ; the hind femora are slightly longer than the middle pair ; so far as can be told from the imperfect remains the tarsi of the middle aud hind legs are very much shorter than, not a half or probably a third the length of, their respective tibiae. The posterior lateral edges of the sixth abdominal seg- ment are produced to a tooth precisely as in Limnotrechus.
Two species are found in the western Tertiaries.
Tahle of the spedea of Telmatrechus.
Body stont, with alraoBt regularly tapering abdomen 1. T. atali.
Body slender, with nearly eqnal abdomen, ti^pering distinctly only at the extremity. ..2. T. parallelus.
1. Telmatrechus stIli.
PI. 2, Figs. 11, 12. ITygrotrenhm stSli Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Snrv. Can., 1877-1878, I8:}-184B (1879).
The thorax seems to be shorter than in Hygrotrechus, with the limits of the prosternum more visibly marked from above ; the eyes do not ap- pear to be so prominent, and the first antennal joint would seem, from the
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TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
position of the others, to be shorter than in Hygrotrechus. The insect is of about the same size as our H. remigis (Say). The head, as seen on a side view, is small and rounded ; thorax minutely scabrous like the head, nar- rowing rather rapidly and uniformly, the posterior limit of the prosternum marked by a slight depression next the anterior coxa;, the whole thorax con- siderably longer than broad. Abdomen tapering, the apical angles of the sixth segment produced to a sharp but short spine, reaching the middle of the succeeding segment. Antenna; nearly (perhaps quite) as long as th(3 head and thorax together. Fore femora equal, stout, as long as the thorax; fore tibiaj of the same length ; middle and hind legs very slender ; middle femora considerably more thsin twice as long as the fore femora, the tibia; nearly three times as long as the fore tibia; and of the same length as the iiind femora ; hind tibia; a little more than twice as long as the fore femora; first joint of hind tarsi about one-iifth the length of the hind tibia'. On one of the specimens, preserved on a dorsal view, a line is seen proceeding from either side of the thorax, directly in front of the middle cox.-v, and passing toward and nearly to the middle of the hinder edge of the second abdom- inal segment with some distinctness, accompanied on tiie second and third segments by other lines which seem to indicate the v jii s of the tegmina, the first mentioned line being the sutura clavi ; but all trace of lines is lost beyond the third segment, as if the wings did not extend over more than half the abdomen ; on the specimen preserved on a side view, they appear to extend to the hind edge of the sixth abdominal segment. Attached to the posterior extremity of the abdomen is a pair of stout lappets, nearly straight, but curving slightly outward, equal, about twice as long as broad, rounded and very slightly produced at the tip.
In a specimen (No. 70) which I have considered an immature indi- vidual of this species, but which may possibly be a Metrobates, the middle and third femora are of equal length.
Length of body, ld.l5"""; of head, 1.5"""; of thorax, 5"""; breadth of anterior extremity of thorax, 1 75'""' ; of posterior extremity, 3.5'""' ; of sixth abdominal segment, 2'"'" ; length of fore femora, 5'"'° ; of fore tibiic, 5'""' ; of middle femora, 12.5"""; of middle tibia;, 14"""; of hind femora, 14"""; of hind tibia;, 11.5"""'; of first joint hind tarsi, 2.3'""'; of abdominal lappets, 1.3""" ; breadth of hind femora, O.SS™"' ; of hind tibia?, 0.2"" ; of hind tarsi, 0.15°"".
T
T
HBMIPTERA— HETEROPTBRA— HYDROBATID^.
353
I name this interesting species after my lamented friend, Dr. 0. Stftl, of Stockholm, whose marvelous industry and keen insight into the structure of Heniiptera is known to all entomologists.
Three miles up the north fork of the Similkanieen River, British Columbia. Three specimens, Nos. 70, 71 and 72, 73. Geological Survey of Canada, G. M. Dawson, collector.
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2. TELMATRECntlS PARALLELU8. PI. 4, Fig. 1.
Two specimens are at hand, neither of them quite perfect. The species differs markedly from the preceding (with whicli it agrees in size) in the almost perfectly parallel sides of the abdomen, which is of the same width as the thorax ; it tapers only on the last two segments. The head as seen on a side view is perhaps shorter than in T. stuli, and very much smaller than the thorax ; as there, both it and the thorax are minutely scabrous. The whole body is of a tolerably uniform dark testaceous color, and the segments of the middle of the abdomen are about equally long and broad, while in T. stali they are nearly twice as broad as long.
Length of body, 20"" ; breadth of thorax, 2.75"" ; of sixth abdominal segment, 2.2.5"" ; length of fore femora, ft-G.S"" ; fore tibife, 5-5..')™" ; mid- dle femora, 11-13""; hind femora, 13-15"".
Twin Creek, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 14601, 15076.
METROBATES Uhler.
A single species of this genus is known, inhabiting the eastern United States. A much larger and somewhat slenderer form appearing to belong here occurs in the Florissant beds. It was provisionally referred by me to Halobates before Metrobates was known to me autoptically.
Metkobates ^ternalis. PL 22, Fig. 15.
Body considerably elongated, but solely by the prolongation of the mesonotuni, which is about twice as long as broad, tV is separating at con- siderable distance the fore and after legs ; the abdomen is no longer than VOL xiii 23
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TKRTIAUY INSKCTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
the w'uhh of the tliomx and tapors rapidly to a j)oiiit ; tlio wings aro slender, j)iipa'form, ovate pads liaving a Hubbasal circular niaciila, a central, longi- tudinal costal striga, and just beyond it a strongly oblicpie, subtriangnlar, costal patch, all pallid on a blackish ground ; these do not clearly appear on all specimens. The head is not well preserved on any specimen. The legs are very delicately covered with short and exceedingly fine recumbent hairs, and fringed beneath with an almost ecpuilly delicate series of short distant spinules.
Length of body, 7"""; breadth, l.Trr"'; length of fore femora, 2"'"'; tibia', 1.6"""; tarsi, 1.1"'"'; middle femora, 4.25-6"'"'; tibia-, 4 3""'; tarsi, 2+"'"' ; hind femora, SJy-b.b""" ; tibiic, 4"'".
Florissant. Three specimens, of which one is immature, Noa. 5525, 10723, 12782.
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Family REDUVIID^ Stepb ^s.
This family, to which so considerable a share of our n(»rth temperate bugs belongs, is represented in the European Tertiaries b\' a number of species and genera belonging to no less than five different subfamilies. All the genera are modern types. The Reduviina are the more common, Harpactor having six species at Oeningen and Kadoboj, Evagoras one at Oeningen, while species of Reduvius (in a broad sense) are mentioned as occuiTing at Aix and in amber ; the Piratina are represented by a Pirates at Radoboj ; the Acanthaspidina by a Platymeris in amber ; the Stenopo- dina by two species of Stenopoda at Oeningen, and the PIteariina by a Ploiaiia said to occur at Aix.
Curiously enough, the family is very meagerly displayed at present in the American Tertiaries. At my first examination many species were placed here provisionally which a closer study showed to belong elsewhere; and even the " Reduvius" described from the Green River beds belongs, as I have elsewhere shown, rather to the Corizida. There remain only a couple of forms at Florissant, each known only by a single specimen, to represent this great family. One belongs to the Acanthaspidina, but shows no affinity to the single member of this group known from amber, the other to the Saicina, and both must be referred to extinct genera, in direct and complete opposition to the European Tertiary Reduviidae as we know them to-day.
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IIEMirXEKA— DETEROPTERA— BEDDVIID^.
355
Subfamily ACANTHAHPIi:>INA Stdl. Tlio only spocieH hitherto found foHsil in this Hii1)fan)ily group is one described many years ago as a Platynieris by (Jerniar, and was found in Prussian amber. The one given below is the first from tlie rocks.
EOTHES gen. nov. {ijmet).
A genus of Acanthaspidina of unusually slender form. Head oidy a little longer tlian broad, the eyes of nioderr.te size and prominent, the part in front of them about twice as long as the postocular part, the front truncate and slightly emarginate ; ocelli large, situated opposite the iiindt r edge of the eyes, separated only by their own diameter or slightly more tliun that. AntetHio! apparently seated on small prominences somewhat in advance of the eyes, the prominences with a small exterior spine ; first joint longest, longer than the width of the thorax, second and third joints subequal, and a little slenderer and shorter than the scarcely incrassated terminal joint, the whole nearly two-thirds as long as the body. Thorax as a whole cuneiform, tapering forward regularly but not strongly, the sides almost straight, the tapering portion scarcely shorter than its breadth, unarmed ; scutellum very tapering, pointed, but hardly produced into a spine. Legs long and slender, wholly unarmed, similar in form to those of Op.sicoutus, the first hind tarsal joint nearly twice as long as the second and third together. Hemelytra slender, with no prominent veins, the corium elon- gated externally, the membranal suture very oblique and sinuous.
Apparently nearest to Opsicoetus Klug, this genus differs from it in its much slenderer form, the want of a strongly constricted neck, and the stoutness of the terminal joints of the antennae ; the structure of the tarsi is also peculiar.
A single species is known.
EOTHKS ELEGANS. PI. 2(5, Fig. .').
The whole body is dark, but is marked laterally by a black stripe which follows the outer margin of the thorax viewed from above, from the base of the hemelytra forward, and appeai-s to cross also the head, follow- ing the inner margin of the eye and terminating on the front, the whole tolerably straight and continuous, with a slight angle in passing from the
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TKUTIAUY INSKCTH OF NORTH AMKItKJA.
tlioriix to tliH IioikI ; bunidoH tliiH tlio dirtk of tlio tliitnix i.s (lii«*ker, leaving <if 11 li^flitor (Hilor iiourly the whole unterior lohe and the outer posterior iiiig'les within the hlaek stripe, and the whole thorax is ratlier distantly and heavily pnnctute with black; the HCiitelluni is also lijrht (udorcd, narrowly njarj,nni'd with blackish on all sides, but heavily in the lateral ivnjjrles. The henielytra. have tho(^orinin dusky aiul tlie membrane fuli}?inous, the former with the veins pinictate in black. Legs j)h1o nnd uniform, except that the tips- of the tibije and tiie tarsi are dusky; these are also clothed with exces- sively line hairs.
Lenj^th of body, 10.15"""; breadth of thorax in front, 1.08"""; at great- est, 1.75"'"'; of abdomen, 2.25™'"; length of antenuic, 5.6'"'"; their apical joint, 1.55'""'; fore fen.orx. 2.65"""; middle femora, 2.75"'"'; hind femora, 3.4'""'; hind tibiic, 4.45'""'; tarsi, i 45"'"'; first tarsal joint, 0.9'""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 124G9.
Siihfiimily HAICINA Stiil.
The species descril)ed below is the only one of this subfamily which has ever been recognized in a fossil state.
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TAGALODKS gen. nov. (Tagalis, nom. gen.).
Body elongated, of nearly uniform width. Hesd, including the eyes, considerably broader than longs advanced considerably and rather broadly in front of the eyes ; no ocelli ; rostrum considerably longer than the head, the basal joint longer than the two subequal apical joints. Thorax rapidly tapering in front, the head separated from it by a short constricted neck, broadest posteriorly and slightly broader than the abdomen, and here angu- late, the angle not produced laterally as a spine ; scutellum triangular, of about equal length and breadth, the posterior angle more acute than the others by the slight emargination of the sides, but not produced into a spine nor even pointed. Legs long and slender, unarmed, the femora and tibire of nearly equal length, those of the hind legs much longer than the othere, all the tarsi very short, very slender, cylindrical, armed with a pair of claws.
A single species is known.
Allied to Tagalis Stal, from which it differs in the relative brevity of the thorax and the absence of any median constriction, the simple angular posterior termination of the scutellum, the absence of spinulation on the fore
MKMM'TKUA— IIKTKUOPTKIIA— TINdllUD.K.
357
femora, tiiid tliu cylindrical clitirtictor of tliu tiirHul jointH. 'ra^ullH !» known to me only by Stul's dotM!rii)ti()n.
• TaOALODEH INKHMI8,
ri. 2«, Fitf. 15. '
A Hiiif^lo Hpecinien h prowerved, Been on u dorHal view with tlio win^s of one Hidu loHt, of the othor partially expanded. The head and thorax are very dark and uniform, the hemelytra with the conuin, like the abdomen, dark teHtaceous, the membrane pale fulijifinoiis; the veins of the membrane show a pair of very eh>n<jfated parallel loops running more than half way to the marj^in, the upper the broader and more distinct (the lower not shown on the plate). Lateral edges of the scutellum slightly marginute, the scutellum 'itself with faint transverse sulcations ; surface of the thorax slightly and broadly rugulose. Legs pale testaceous, the femora duskier toward the apex.
Length of body, n.7,^"""; breadth, 3.1"""; length of hemelytra, 7"""; middle fem ra, 4'"'"; tibia;, 4™"'; tarsi, l'""' ; hind tibia;, 6.8""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2696.
Family TINGIDID^ Fieber.
Nearly all the principal European Tertiary dei)osit9 have furnished a single, but only a single, species of this family of delicate Hemiptera. That at Aix is only known as yet by Serres's reference to a species of Tingis, which he compares to T. cardui, now placed in Phyllontocheila. Novak figures a species of Monanthia from Krottensee, Heer a very obscure Tingis from Radoboj, and a spec'es from Oeningen, waW marked with long anteimte, in one place as a Tingis, in another as a Monanthia, which is more correctly referable to the latter ; but what is of greater interest is an amber species referred to Tingis by Germar which belongs to the genus Eotingis estab- lished below for a Florissant species, with exceptionally long antennje. A species of Monanthia also occurs at Florissant, apparently nearly related to the Oeningen form but with stouter antenna;, and an obscure form from the same locality is i)robably referable to Piesma.
PIESMA St. Fargeau and Serville.
No fossils have heretofore been referred to tiiis genu*, which forms a group apart among the Tingididc, ami which is better known in the Old
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World (Europe and Africa) than in |
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ant seems to be referable here PlESMA ? |
better than elsewhere. ROTUNDA. |
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PI 23, Fig, 6.
A single insect, poorly preserved, and showing a dorsal view is dubi- ously referred here ; if correctly, then the extreme convexity of the costal area of the hemehtra is characteristic of the species, as I find no modern type with so rotund a form. The head projects considerably in front of the eyes in two parallel processes nearly as long as the rest of the head ; the head is only a little narrower than the quadranguiar thorax, which is nearly a third broader than long and tapers slightly forward. The abdomen is subcircular. The legs and head appendages are not preserved, but the • hemelytra sliglitly surpass the abdomen, and the membrane, which occu- pies about a thiru of them, is filled with very faint and very large cells, through the meshes of which three or four oblique veins pass to the margin; the costal margin is followed innnediately by a slight vein connected with tlie costa by feeble cross-veins, making subquadrate cells.
Length of body, 3.5"""; including hemelytra, 3.75"""'; breadth of thorax, !■""'; abdomen, l.GS'""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7617.
IdONANTHIA 8t. Fargeau and Serville.
As stated under the family, two species of this genus have been found in the European Tertiariei--, one at Oeningen and the other at Krottensee, and were so referred b} their describers. They differ considerably from one another, and the species we add here differs as much from each as they from each other. The characteristic features of the Oeningen species are the long antenna!, wh'ch are as long as the width of the closed hemelytra, and the very narrow head; of the Krottensee species (which seems to ap- proach M. quadrniiHCulata Wolff sp. and M. w*»lffii Fieb., both of Europe; see the figures by Snellen), the sinuous costal margin of the hemelytra and the sinuous narrowing of the thorax ; and of the Florissant species the at first biseriate, afterwards triseriate, arrangement of the roticulaTJon of the costal area, and the tumid form of the rtyularly tapering thorax combined with the broad head.
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HEMIPTBRA— HETEROPTERA— TINGIDID^.
MONANTHIA VETERNA.
359
PI. 23, Figs, 5, 9.
Body uniformly dark, tlie liead and thorax with mucli the same form as Eotingis, tlie thorax being hirgest just in advance of the rounded base and tapering forward, the liead inchided, giving it much the form of a Xya among Orthoptera ; as in I'^otingis, there are no hiteral vesicles ; the abdomen is ovate and broader than the thorax. Antenuie nearly as long as the width of tlie abdomen, or slightly shorter than the head and thorax together ; fir^t two joints sii lilar and stout, the first a little longer than broad, the second of equal length and breadth, the third slender and elongated, nearly as long- as the thorax, the fourth clavate, as long as tiie first two together, but not quite so stout as they and as naked as the rest of the antenna, l^egs rather short and stout, the hind femora just reaching the edge of the hemelytra. These extend somewhat beyond the abdomen and are somewhat coarsely reticulate, biseriately flnanged on the basal half of the costal area, tris3ri- ately beyond.
Length of body, 2.7-3"""; breadth oi thorax, 1"'"' ; abdomen, 1.2-1.4"'"'; length of antennaj, 1.1.")""".
Florissant Six specimens, Nos. 2349, 3881, 4387, 6787, 7819, 9672.
EOTINGIS fi;en. nov. (fjai?, Tingis, nom. gen.).
Head triangular, about equally long and broad ; antenntv of excessive length, almost as long as the body and very slender, the great length largely due to the prolongation of the middle joints, the last joint very deli- cately enlarged so as to be faintly clavate, the club very long and slender. The pronotum is short, narrowest in front where it equals the head, truncate both at base and apex. 'I'iiorax tapering forward with no vesicular enlarge- ments. Abdomen oval. Legs very long and slender, all the femora t)t nearly eqiud length, the tibijx" of similar length, tiie whole legnearly as long as the tegmina. These ar'^ broad and very long, extending well beyond the body, irregularly and more or less finely and uniforndy reticulate tiu'ough- out, the broad costal ureti as irregular as elsewhere.
Tlu} genus perhaps falls in the neighborhood of (Jargaphia Stal.
Two species are known, one found in Prussian amber, E. ([uinquecari- nata Germ, sp., with L.irinate and regularly tapering pronotum and the cos-
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TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
tal area of the hemelytra of iiniforni width ; and the species deaci-ibed below from Florissant with sniootli and tumid pronotum and the (costal area of the hemelytra (*ularging apically. They differ ?,Iso in the length of the last antennal joint.
EOTINGIS ANTKNNATA. PI. 23, Pi^js. 1, 3.
Two specimens, both iigured, were all that were seen of this species when it was described ; one shows a dorsal view, the other lies more upon its side ; of the former, the median projection in fi'ont of the head, shown upon the plate, is a mistake, and tho two appendages ciid not be regarded as antenna^ a portion of one of which crosses the right fore femur ; the right- hand apparent appendage of the head is probably the rostrum, but its apparent distal half is a mere discoloration of the stone at a different level; the left hand one is nrobably the left fore femur, a broken fragment of which or of a tibia appears as if attached below to the pronotum. The color aj)pears to be uniforndy dark, the legs perhaps a little paler. The last antennal joint is as long as the elongated middle joints, but it enlarges grad- ually toward the tip, and then, at a distance from the tip of twice its breadth, suddenly diminishes and is i-ounded off. The prothorax is largest a little behind the middle, and tapers considerably a front, being tumid whether viewed laterally or from above, but especially t' e former ; it is well rounded posteriorly, truncate anteriorly, and smooth. The hemelytra extend far beyond the abdomen, and are filled with an entirely irregular reticulation, in which the meshes are ap[)roximately of the -same sizt; and of about the diameter of the antennal club ; the longitudinal vein delimiting the costal area runs parallel to and distant from the costal margin in the basal half of the hemelytra, and then diverges gradually from 't in a graceful curve.
Lengcli of body, 3.Gr."'"; including tegmina, 4..')'"'°; of tegmina, 3.75"""; breadth of thorax, 1.1"""; length of antennaj, 3.75"" ; hind femora, 1.25"'"'.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2()98, 4365, 5596, 10763.
Family ACANTHIID^ Leaeh.
The only fossil that has over been referred to this limited group is the one described below.
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HBMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA-CAPSID^.
361
LYCTOCORIS Ilahn.
This genus, found in the north temperate regions of both the Old and New Worlds, but more abundant in the latter, has not before been found fossil. The single species from the Green River beds which we place here was formerly referred, doubtfully, to Rhyparochromus.
Lyctocoris terreus.
PI. 7, Fig. 20.
RkyparoohromuaT ierrem Sciidd., Bui!. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 770-771 (1878).
A single poor specimen apparently belongs to this subfamily, but is too imperfect to locate with any precision. The body is of nearly equal width, but with a full abdomen. The head is broken, but is as broad at base as tlie tip of tlie thorax, has a rounded- angular front, and its surface most minutely punctulate. The tlior x was broadest behind, the sides tapering slightly, and gently convex, the front border broadly and shallowly con- cave, the hind border straight, more than twice as broad as the median length, the surface, like that of the head, with faint distant punctures. Scutellum rather small, triangular, pointed, of equal length and breadtii, about as long as the thorax, its surface like that of the thorax, but with more distinct punctures. Abdomen full, well rounded, and very regular. Teg- mina obscure (but perhaps extending only a little beyond the scutellum).
Length of body, 4"""; of head, 0.6™"'; of thorax, 0.6""°; of scutellum, 0.7"""; breadth of head, 1.1"""; of thorax, 1.5"""; of abdomen, 2.1"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4192.
Family CAPSIDyE \A^estwood.
With the exception of a Miris, reported over half a centiu*y ago from Aix and never yet described, all the European fossils of this group known u[) to the present time are from amber. Thus Gravenhorst long ago referred half a dozen species from amber to Miris and Capsus, and Germar later described as many as thirteen species of Phytocoris from the same deposits. These genera were then iised in a far broader sense than now, and the figures of Germar siiow at once that several genera are to be found among
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TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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them. If we were to base our judgment on the comparisons with the mod- ern species which Graverdiorst and Germar in nearly every case instituted, we should reach the conclusion that the Capsina alone had been found, and that no less than half the divisions which Renter founded in this subfamily were present and ii larye number of genera. Thus of the Plagiognatharia we have IIarj)ocera; of the Oncotylaria, Hoplomachus (two species) and Oncotylus ; of the Cyllocoraria, ^Etorhinus and Systellonotus ; of the Cap- saria, Capsus, Orthops, and Lygus ; of the Phytocoraria, liomodemus, Dichrooscytus, and Phytocoris ; and of tlie Loparia, Lopus ; in all a dozen genera, and there is at least one other among those species figured by Ger- mar which were unaccompanied by comparisons with modern types.
In America we have four of these divisions represented, viz : Cylloco- raria by Closterocoris ; Ca[)Haria by Capsus (two species) and Pcecilocap- sus (live species); Phytocoraria by Aporema; and Loparia by Hadronema; while Bryocoraria, not recognized in amber, is represented by two species of Carmelus and one of Fuscus. All of these come from Florissant.
It thus app' ars that we may recognize among the fossils every one of the divisions instituted in the fiimily by Renter that have any considerable present development of species, excepting only the Miraria, and to cover the possibilities of this also there are two species of Miris not referred to mod- ern genera, one mentioned by Gravenhorst fi'om amber and one by Curtis at Aix. It may also be noticed that the assemblage of fossil forms siiows PS a whole a leaning toward American types, ujore noticeable, however, among the American than the European forms, the more striking beiii"- in the development of the Loparia and Bryocoraria. Not too much stress, however, should here be placed upon these considerations, as a reexamiini- tion of the amber types is necessary before certain conclusions can be drawn, and the affinities of several of the Florissant forms is vague at the best.
i
^i;
CLOSTEROCORIS Uhler.
A single specie.'^ exists in a living staie in our western Territories, with which a single striking and not uncoram(»n Florissant species agrees well in structure but from which \i differs considerably in markings. The ter- minid j(»ints of the fossil species appear to be relatively longer and the end joint ivlatively shorter than in the existing type.
sec-
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HEMIPTEKA— HETEROl'TBRA— CAPSID^.
363
CLObfEROCORlS ELEGAN8. PI. 24, Fig. 7.
Head subquadrate, light colored, with a black patch posteriorly next the eyes. Antenna; with the first joint black, as long as the thorax, stouter than the tibiaj, the remaining joints black! ' fuscous, the apical paler, sec- ond joint half as long as the hemelytra, third a little longer than the fourth, and with it nearly as long as the first two, the whole as long as thorax and hemelytra combined. Thorax more tumid at the base than in our living C ornatus, but otherwise of the same shape, the base slightly more than twice as broad as the apex, pale, with a median and on each side a lateral, broad, deep black stripe, broadening posteriorly ; scutelluni pale, except for a broad, dusky transverse band at base. Hemelytra pale, except a slen- der, deep black, costal stripe extending the whole length of the corium, and a dark fuscous belt which occupies the whole clavus and, as that of one side unites with the other, follows down the inner margin of the hemelytra, fading out on the more or less but gt^nerally slightly infumated membrane, the membranal suture sometimes heavily infumated or infuscated. Legs pale fuscous, the tips of the hind femora and to a less extent the ba.ses of the hind tiliiic broadly and heavily obscured, as are also to a less depth all the tarsi and the tips of the tibia;.
Length of body and closed hemelytra, 7.25°"" ; breadth of thorax at base, 2.4"""; length of antennji;, 9.7""""; first joint, 1.5"*™; second joint, 3.5™"" ; third joint, 2.5"'" ; fourth joint, L'.i'""" ; hemelytra, 6.75'""' ; hind femora, 3.65'""' ; tibiic, 4.85""" ; tarsi, 1.15""".
Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 2181, 2533, 4288 and 4369, 8864, 12979, 12981, 14202, 16419.
CARMELUS Distant.
The two species from Florissant described below agree so well in gen- eral featur3s with the two species of this genus from Panama figured by Distant, and especially with C. parvus, that J place them here, though they do not agree witii his descriptions as reg.wds the intemm', the second joint being relatively longer than he describes it, thoi.igli no longer than given in both his figixres. They are certainly not far removed from Phytocoris involutus Germ, from amber.
Table of the ipeciet of Carmelui.
Tliorax tap«riii<; re(»ii)arly witli stniigl.t «t>li(|ii« skies . 1. C. j/rniwitnA
Thorux more ur It ss tumid, tbu ta)i<>riDg sides distiuctly cuuvex 2. L'. Wjiuciliu.
■
3G4
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
t i-;
I! I
1. Carmelus gravatus.
PI. 24, Fig. 10.
Body very regularly oval, the hinder extremity the broader. Head trianguhirly but rather broadly produced in froTit of the eyes ; first joint of antenna; a little shorter than the head, second about two and a half times as long as the first, the succeeding together as long as the second. Thorax uniform fuscous, darker or lighter in tone, the surface smooth, the base about two and a half times broader than the apex, the apex roundly and weakly emarginate, the base gently and regularly convex, the sides oblique and straight. Scutellum dai-k, the lateral edges transversely pectinate. Hemelytra uniformly dusky except for a deeper tint at the outer extremi- ties of the clavus and cuneus.
Length, 5""" ; breadth, 2.25""".
Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 3GG9, .'iSOO, 6220, 10418, 11230, 12457, 12475, 14208.
2. CaRMELI S SEI'OSITUS.
PL 9.^ Fig. C.
Body ovate, larger at the aBmeritir than at the posterior end or of equal ■mm. Mead scarcely advanced im iront of the eyes, broadly rounded ; first fSnt trf antennae abiuit as long m the head, tlie k^- ond about two and a ladf times longer tiiiin rtt^ first. Tlie rtnceeediny: tojrether as lonsr as the BBBond. TTiorax limntrmiu'r dark the surface smooth, the base two and a liuiftiaBM m broad as tiit; apex, thf apex gently, regularly, and roundly uuiurgrnsiiEe. the \niHi^ very gently convex, almost transverse, the oblique and nair-fvwiiig sidf^ distinctly, sometimes cousidenibly, convex, giving a rouiidr«»- '^o the r- 'Ut (,; fae. body. Scutellum dark. Hemelytra dark, dfj^tdj nwmkirr at the oiitrr extremities of the corium and cuu^us, the iuBth* iaiiginouH.
5 5""' breadtk, 2.2"'"'. Florissitnt. Three specimens. Nos. 820(5, 11017 and 13558. 12103.
FUSCUS Distant.
To this geiuiH. founded on a species from Gruatemala, I refer with mucli hesitation a single form fnmi Florissant, wliii-h Iwars a close general resem- blance to tlie species I have placed in Carmelus, b\it has much shorter and
i.
UEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEUA— CAPSII)/?:, 3(j5
stouter liind legs. The first joint of the antenna? of the fossil, however, is stouter than in Fuscus and the second joint not so distinctly incrassated at the apex.
FUSCUS? Fit^CATUS. PI. 22, Fig. 5.
Head rather broadly angulate in front ; first joint of antennae distinctly shorter than the head, moderately stout and nnifoi-ni ; the second joint relatively slender, scarcely larger apically, about three times longer than the first. Rostrum reaching the coxae of middle legs. Thorax punctate, blackish fu.scou8, posteriorly two or two and a half times as broad as ante- riorly, both base and apex nearly truncate, the sides oblique, straight. Scutellum of the color of the thorax. Hemelytra dark, the color intensified along the inner margin of the clavus and at the outer extremities of the corium and cuneus. Legs dusky, the hind femora stout, twice as thick as the tibiic and shorter than they.
Length, fi""" ; breadth, 2.2.5""".
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 430, 4563, 4741, 13308, 14201.
P(ECILOCAFSUS Renter.
This i;enu.s, fairly rich in species in both the United State.s and Mexico, and peculiar to the New World, ap|>ear8 to be represented at Florissant by five tolerably closely allied species, whi^-h }»ear no clo«e resemblance to any of the amber (,'ap.sidte The first antennal j'tint in all is of a similar, the second of a somewhat dissimiJar, lengtli.
I'lilile of Ihe iperim of VdcUocapsuH.
Narrowiii<; -iiitcx ot !tiiorax eoiivex : Hecoiul joint <>f antenuir (wici! or a litthr morn than twice uh Iiiiik a» the lirat.
Thorax Hiiiooth; tojjiniiia heavily luarkeil ; cIstiih ohscnrp 1. P. frtmimUi.
I'horax iinnctiitK : li^^iiiiiia faintly irinrkcil ; rlaviisoli'ar 8. /'. wtnaniii^.
Niiiiowiiin HideH of thorax >iti'ni){tii ; simihuI joint «' anteiiniH much JmtH or iiiMcIi more than twirc. iih long ii» thi^ tirst.
Second joint ot antenna) scarcely half ax Ion;; *aaiii aa tln^ lirst Ji. /'. viiernoxux.
Second joint of auteuua^ thrci; tiniUN sh lon^ it- the lirHt.
Thorax Hniooth ; hi iitelliim sharply unfjled 4. I'. Inhidus.
Thorax puuctate ; sonteUuui ronndly aaeled 5. P. onlentua.
1. PcECILOrAPSrS FREMONTII. PI. 1'4, Fiff. 3. An elegant and well iiiarkeii species not distantly relatotl to P. orna- tulus (Stal) of Mexico, but difi'ering in the markings and in the uniform thorax.
366
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
< >
'11
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Head uniformly dark, tl>e sides of the frontal prominence full ; basal joint of antennjc barely shorter tlian the head, rather slender, a little thickened apically; second joint about two and a quarter times longer than the basal joint, scarcely incrassated apically, the slender succeeding joints together about as long as the second. Thorax more than twice as broad at base as at apex, the apex emarginate, the base regularly arcuate, the taj)ering sides distinctly though not strongly convex, the whole blackish infumate, and smooth, in no way punctate, which is exceptional in Poecilocapsus. Scu- tellnm pale with a l)lack edging. Hemelytra pale or light colored, with the whole of the clavus black, a large, transverse, fuliginous cloud at the outer extremity of the corium crossing the interior half of the hemelytra as a narrow and vague stripe, and .again enlurging, but more obscurely, at the inner termination of the corium, and accompanied by a much smaller infus- cation of the outer tip of the cuneus.
Length of body, 6.75""" ; breadth of thorax, 2""° ; length of second antennal joint, 1.7""".
Named for one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Rocky Mount- flins, Gen. John C. Fn'mont.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 8631, 9500, 12284, 13554, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.845.
2. PCECILOCAPSUS VETERANDUS. PI. 24, Fig. 9.
Head but slightly produced in front of the eyes, dark ; basal joint (*f antenna' distinctly shorter than the head, a little incrassated apically ; sec- ond twice as long as the first, its greatoi- size distally than proximally scarcely perceptible, the slender succeeding joints not fully preserved on either specimen ; rostrum nearly reaching the hind coxte. Thorax fully two and a half times broader at base than at apex, but otherwise shaped exactly as in P. fremontii. the (^olor blackish fuliginous, the surface punctate with moderately distant minute bhiok dots. Scutellum of the color of the thorax. Hemelytra pallid throughout but the inner edge infuscated, and slight infuniated spots at the outer tip of the corium and cuneus.
Length of body, 5.8"'"; breadth of thorax, 2.1"""; length of second antennal joint, 1.4.5"""'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 8648, 8849, 11785 and 12076.
IIBiMlPTERA— UETEIiOPTERA— OAPSin^.
867
3. POOCILOCAPSITH VETERNOStlS.
This species closely resembles P. fremontii, but differs somewhat in markings and much in the form of the thorax and the length of the seconti antennal joint. The head, which is dark, is rather acutely produced in front of the eyes ; basal joint of untennaB almost as long as the head and moderately stout, the second a little slenderer, slightly larger distally than proximally, exceptionally short, being scarcely half as long again as the first joint, the snc^ceeding joints about equal and together as long as the second. Thorax fully two and a half times as broad at base as at apex, the apex roundly and shallowly emarginate, tiio base regularly and gently con- vex, the sides oblique and straiglit, the surface a little irregular but impunc- tate as in P. fremontii, somewhat obscurely mottled, dark colors i>revailing posteriorly, paler anteriorly. Scutellum generally pale but with both extreme base and ap<fx more or less infuscated, the sides transversely pec- tinate. Hcmielytra ma»^x,ed as in P. fremontii, but much less heavily and in particular the clavus less obsctire.
F.ength of body, 5.8"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 2.35"'" ; length of second antennal joint, 1.1""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2107, 8113.
4. PCECILOCAPSUS TAUIDUS. PI. 24, Fig. 8,
A single specimen represents this species, not so well preserved as the others. Tlie head is large, the part in front of tlie eyes exceptionally large, well produced, and with a broad rounded apex ; first joint of antenna3 mod- erately slender, ('([ual, a little m1 orter than the head; the second joint excep- tionally long, being almost or quite throo times as long as the first, slender, and equal throughout : tliird joint half as long as second, '^fhorax less than twice as broad at apex as at bases anteriorl}- truncate, posteriorly gently and regularly convex, the sides obl'qiie and straight, the surface sniootli, witliout j)unctures, more or less mottled and infuscated, as is also the scutellum, which, however, is more unifonnly infuscated or infumate, and has a sharp, apical angle. Hemelytra nearly pallid, but with the clavus more or less obscure, and the outer apex of corium and cuneus each with a small, dis- tinct, triangular, fuscous spot.
"
368
TKHTlAllY INSUCTS 01-' NOltTll AMKUICA.
11
IHII
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Lengtli of body, 5"*" ; breadth of thorax, 2""" ; length of necond antennal joint, 2""".
Floriasant. Three Hpecimens, Nos. 69<;8, J»7.»0, 10592.
5. POECILOCAPSIIS OHTKNTU8. PI. 24, Fig. 2.
The head is short and rounded, but very Uttle produced in front of the eyes; first joint of antennjc slender but short, no longer than ihe head, which it surpasses only a little ; second fully three times as long as the first, slender and equal ; third two-thirds as long as second. Thorax fully twice as broad at apex as at base, anteriorly emarginate, jiosteriorly scarcely con- vex, the sides very oblique and straigiit ; it is as long as the scutelluni, deli- cately i)unctate, and blackish. Scutelluni of a similar color, its apical angle rounded. 1 lemelytra obscure and indistinct, but apparently darker at apex tlian at base.
Length of body, G.3""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.25""" ; length of second antennal joint, 1.3""",
Florissant. One specimen, No. 13.560. No, 7911 may also belong here, and if so the hemelytra are marked very much as in the preceding species.
CAPSUS Fabricius.
This genus (in an extended sense) has been recognized in amber by Berendt and Gravenhorst, but no fossil species have been described. The sjiecies described below are placed here dubiously, at least as regards the sense in which the genus is now ordinarily restricted. Each has a very very short thorax, similarly formed.
Tahle of Ihe species of Capsus.
iia'4B tihun five milliraeturs in length. First antennal joint scarcely broader thau the second.
1. C obsolefactiis. More thau six millimeters in length. First antennal joint half as broad again as the second.
2. C. laoiis.
1. Capsus obsolefactus.
PI. 23, Fig. 13.
Head small, considerably and triangularly produced in front of the eyes, where it is angulate; first joint of antennae slender, of about the length of the head, the second fully twice as long as the first, slender, and
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■S.tit
1
1 1 KM I PTEHA— H BTKUOI'TKKA— (5 APSI DM.
369
■f
i
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Hourly equal, tlie followirifr Hubt'ciual iind togetlior longer than the Becond. Thonix very fuiritlv and distantly punctate, Hlioit, truncate in front and behind, or Homewn.it eniarginate in front, the base more than twice the breadth of the apex, the Hides obiifjue and nearly straight; h( iitejlum mod- erately hirg<'. I.egs slender but not very long. Henielytra fuscous like the body, the membrane small and pale fuliginous.
Length, 4.7.7 ; breadth, 2""".
Florissant. Tlireo spectimens, Nos. 851, 3480, 4500.
2. CaPSUS LACITS. PI. 22, Pip. 2.
. Head Bmall, roundly and not very strongly produced in front of the eyes; first joint (.f antenna; rather stout, nearly or quite as long as the head, the se(;ond much slenderer, equal, as far as press, rved nearly twice as long as the first. Thora.x very obscurel}- punctate, truncate at either extremity or a little and roundly emarginate in front, the base more than twice, probably two and a half times, broader than the apex, the sides strongly oblique and straight. Legs rather stout and not long.
Length, 6 5"'"' ; breadth, 2.5""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 128.
APOREMA gen. nov. {ctTrc'pTfjua).
I am unable to decide upon the precise position of the insect here con» cerned, though it appears to belong in or near the Phytocoraria. The head, which has been uncovered since the plate was engraved, is less than half as broad as the thorax, but more than twice m broad as long, and thus exceptionally small. The thorax, about twice as broad as long, is poste- riorly truncate, while the front narrows rapidly but with a rounded curve to the narrow neck ; it is not carinate. The scutellum is of large size, equiangular, with perfectly straight sides. The tegmina are slender, with gently convex costa, the apical margin oblique, but the neuration can be made out in the smgle specimen known neither here nor in the wings. The hind legs are rather long and slender, the femora extending fiir beyond the sides of the body an<l apparently as long as the breadth of the base of the abdomen, the tibije still longer with a row of very short and iri(;onsnicuou8
VOL XIII 24
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HioiDgraphic
Sciences
Coiporation
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23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 87}-4;03
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5^.%
I
370
TERTlAltY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
(li.staut 8))ines. Abdomen ovate, constricted at the base, rather broadly rounded, and not produced apically. A single species is known.
ApOREMA PKiESTKICTUM. PI. 20, I-M5J. 4. ~
The body is of a dark and tolerably uniform color. The surfaces of the thorax and scutellum are smooth, but the edges of the latter transversely wrinkled. The hemelytra are light colored or pallid, with more or less infnmated costal edge, which expands into an infumated spot at the ti|) of the corium and of the cuneus, in the former case large, in the latter small; the iiuier margin is scarcely infumated and the membrane clear. I^egs blackish.
Length, 6.5™" ; breadth of thorax, 2.65"""; abdomen, 2.85"'"'; length of hind tibia?, 2.5"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 9900.
HADRONEMA Uhler. .
This genus so far as known is represented by a single species, found in the Rocky Mountain region and in Mexico. The larger species here added to it appears to agree better with it than with any other with which T have been able to compare it, though it is doubtful whether it really belongs here.
Hadkonema cinerescens.
PI. 24, Fig. 12.
Head small and rounded, scarcely at all advanced in front of the eyes, uniformly scabrous; first joint of antenn;B moderately stout, not more than half as long as the head, the second slender, slightly incrassated in the apical half or less, less than three times as long as the first joint, the third about two-thirds as long as the second. Thorax scabrous like the head, truncate at each extremity, less than twice as broad at base as at apex, the oblique sides gently arcuate, the color of the head and thorax uniform black. Hemelytra not well preserved, the legs moderately slender, stouter and shorter than in the modern II. militaris Ulil
Length, 6.6'""' ; breadth, 2""".
Florissant, Two specimens, Nos. 2980, 13559.
HEMIPTEKA— UETEROPTEKA— PHY8APODES.
371
Family PHYSAPODES Dum^ril.
These minute flov/er insects have been found in considerable numbers in Tertiary deposits. Aix, Oeningen, Rott, and amber have each yielded more than one species of Thrips, fifteen in all of which neari/ half come from Rott. Besides this Rott has furnished four species of Heliothrips and one of Phloeothrips, while an extinct genus Calothrips is represented f.t Aix by a single species. In our own country they have been detected only in tlie White River beds, where one species each of the genera Melanothrips, Lithadothrips, and PaU-eothrips have been found and are described below ; the last two of the genera are extinct.
MELANOTHRIPS Haliday.
The only species of this genus that has been found fossil ia the one desrribed below. So far as I know Melanothrips has not been observed this country among recent insects, but only in Europe ; but so little in attention has been paid to our native species of Physapc^es that this is of little significance.
Melanothrips extincta.
PI. 5, Figs. 9'.), 91.
ifelanothripa exHnota Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., I, 2ai (1875).
Head small, tapering ; the only appendages visible are the antennse ; these are only sufficiently preserved to recognize that they are very long and slender, longer than the thorax. The tliorax is rather small, quadrate; wings nearly as long as the body, fringed on the costal border as in Palseo- thrips fofjsilis. The abdomen is composed of only eight joints, but is very long and very tapering, fusiform, the last joint produced, as usual in the physapods ; the third joint is the broadest ; of the wings only tlie costal border and a p^rt of one of the longitudinal veins can be seen ; there are no remains of legs.
Length of body, 2.2""" ; of ante-.u-c, ().8""» ; of head, 0.14""" ; of thorax, 0.5""; of abdomen, IM'"""- greatest breadtli of abdomen, 0 5"'"'.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One spenmen, W. Denton.
372
TERTIARY INSEOTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
i
a
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LITHADOTIIRIPS Scudder {XtOd?, Op/tP).
Lithadothripa Sciulil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Ti rr., I, 221 (1875).
Allied to Melanothrips Haliday. The head is large, broad, j^lobose ; the eyes exoeedin<^ly large, globose, each occupying on a superior view fully one-third of the head ; the antennae very slender, equal, as long as the tiiorax, the joints eight or nine in number, cylindrical, equal, scarcely en- larging toward their tips. The prothora.K is no larger than the head, of equal breadth with it, the whole thorax shaped as in Paheothrips. Only fragments of the wings remain, sufficient to render it probable that they agree well with the character of the group to which Melanothrips and ^olo- thrips ".)elong. The legs resemble those of Palseothrips, but {".re slender and appear to be ratlier profusely supplied with hairs. The abdomen differs considerably in the two specimens referred to this genus. In one it is very broadly fusiform, the tip a little produced, nine joints visible, tlie apical furnished with a few hairs, and bluntlj'- rounded at the tip ; the other has the sides equal, the apex not at all produced, but very broadly rounded, only seven or eight joints vaguely definable.
A single species is known.
LiTHADOTHRIPS VETUSTA.
PI. 5, Figs. 88, 89, 102, 103.
Lilhadotkripg vetusia Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., 1, 222 (1875).
The specimens, both of which represent the upper surface of the body with fragments and vague impressions of the members, are too poorly pre- served to add anything to the above description of their generic features excepting the following measurements :
First specimen : Length of body, 1.76""" ; of antennae, 0.6'"™ ; of thorax, 0.0 v"""; oi abdomen, 0 87™"'; breadth of head, 0.28"'™; of thorax, 0.62"'™; of abdomen, O-'JO"'™ ; length of fore femora, 0..37™™?; breadth of same, 0.14'"'"; length of hind femora, 0.42™™; breadth of same, 0.13™™.
Second specimen : Length of body, 1.96™™; of antennae, 0.76'"™; of thorax, 0.56'"™; of abdomen, 1.10™™; breadth of head, 0.3 "j™™; of thorax, 0 59™™ ; of abdomen, 0.59"'™.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. Two specimens, W. Denton.
HEMll'TEUA— JlETEltorXEKA— IMIVSAI'ODES.
373
PAL.EOTHRIPS Scudder {TraXau'?, Opiip).
Palmthripa Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oi'oj?r. Snrv. Terr., I, 2ti (Ifflr.).
This genus is itllied to ^olothrips Haliday. The head is small, glo- bose ; eyes rounded, much smaller than in Lithadothrips ; antennai slender, fully as long as the thorax, not more tlian s'^ven-jointed, the joints cylin- drical, subequal. Prothorax considerabh- larger than the head, the thorax as a whole very large, stout, and tumid ; fore femora very stout, scarcely more than twice as long as broad ; fore tibiai also stout, a little longer tiuui the femora; the other legs are moderately stout, long, reaching beyond tlie tip of the abdomen, with a few scattered rather short spinous hairs ; the hind tarsi three-jointed, the last joint smaller than the others and all together two-sevenths the length of the tibite. Fore wings unusually broad, broadest apically, whjre their breadth more than equtils one-fourth of their entire length, provided with two longitudinal veins, dividing the disk into three nearly equal portions, connected in the middle by a cross-vein, and with either border b}' other cross-veins at about one-third and two-thirds the dis- tance from the base to the tip of the wing; the wing is heavily fringed, especially along the hind border. Hind wings veinless, nearly as long, and at the tip nearly as broad, as the fore wings. Abdomen nine-jointed, half as long again as the thorax, rather tumid, scarcely or not at all produced apically.
PAL.SOTHBIP.S FOSSILIS.
PI. 5, Figs. 104, 105, 115.
Palwothrips fouiUa Scudd., Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 117— name only (18(iT)! Biill.t:. S. Gcol GcMiar. Siirv. Torr., I,*2a-2'.i3 (1875) ; iu Zittel, Handb. d. PaliBont., I, il, 784, Fig. IKK) (liW.^,).
Head small, tapering a little in front, where, however, it is broadlv rounded. The antennae are certainly seven-jointed, and none of the apical joints show any indication of being connate, the last joint being of the same length as the two preceding it, tapering, and bluntly pointed; none of the joints show any enlargement in the middle, but the middle joints are slightly larger at the distal extremity than at the base; they ajipear to be destitute of hairs The prothorax is subquadrate, a little broader than long, with rounded sides ; the fore femora are unusually stout, as long as the width of the prothorax. The longitudinal veins of the fore wings approach each other somewhat abruptly in the middle, where they are united by a cross-
374
TKliTIAUY INSECTS OF JSORTII AiMKKICA.
vein, and at the tip of tlie winjj they curve away tVoin oacli other ; the two cross-veins on the lower third of the wing are respectively sliglitly farther from the base of the wing than the corresponding veins of the upper third ; the fringe on the posterior border is hirgest near the tip of the wing, wliero the hairs are about three times as long as those on the costal border. The first hind tarsal joi it is scarcely longer than broad, (cylindrical ; the second of about the same length but decidedly broader at apex than at base ; the apical joint is nearly globular, smallest at base, as large in the middle as the base of the other joints. There are a few liairs at tlie tip of the abdo- men and a few short ones on the hind tibi;e ; the apical ones stouter than the others, resembling spines ; but the insect appears to have been unusually destitute of hair.s, excepting on the wings, where not only the edges but also all the veins are fringed.
Length of body, 1.6-1.8""" ; of antenna;, O.-'iS""" ; of fore femora, 0.32""" ; breadth of same, O.U"""; length of fore tibi;e, 0.32"""; of hind femora, 0.38"""; breadth of same, O.U"""; length of hind tibije, 0.42"""; of hind tarsi, 0.12"""; of fore wings, 1.4"""- of hind wings, 1.27"'™ ; greatest breadth of fore wings, 0.37"""; length of prothorax, O.KJ""" ; breadth of same, 0.32"'"'; length of whole thorax, 0.64""" ; of abdomen, 0.92™'" ; greatest breadth of the same, 0.37""".
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. W. Denton.
m If--
Family LYC^ID^E Westwood.
This faniil}' has been recognized in the Secondary rocks by somewhat obscure fragments in England and Germany, but in Tertiary deposits the family is comparatively abundant and widespread. Curiously enough, only two species have been recorded from amber, and in Menge's Collection the family was represented by but one. Three-fourths of the known European species are those described by Heer, who referred them to few genera. It is difficult to place the lar^' :• number of those which iiave been recorded, but to judge in part by the living species with which some of them are com- pared it is plain that the Myodochina should claim about one-half of them and the Lygaiina the larger part of the remainder, the others being distrib- autble among the Cymina, Blissina, and Heterogastrina. In all there are thirty-seven species credited to six genera.
llExMll'TEltA— UETEltOrTEltA— LYG^iU.^i.
375
In our own country the numbers are largely in excess of this, fifty-one species being recognized, showing this family to have been one of the more important among Tertiary Heteroptera. The disposition of these in their respective subfamilies has been effected only by their evident affinities in general structure with existing niembers of these subfamilies, not by a demonstration of those definite characters (mostly relating to the position of the stigmata) upon which these subfamilies were founded, as that would be impossible. Tlie result shows no small resemblance to the character- istics of the European Tertiary fauna, the prevailing type being the Myo- dochin;, and the next the Lygicina, but beyond this the resemblance fails to extend greatly, the prevailing family having nearly 73 per cent of tlu* whole, while in Europe they claim scarcely more than 50 per cent; and again the LygjBina have less than 16 per cent of the whole, while in Europe they have about 35 per cent ; further, none of the other subfamilies which appear in Europe are found at all in America, our other groups being Geo- corina, Oxycarenina, and Pyrrhocorina, which find no place in Europe. But perhaps the most remarkable result of the investigation of the Ameri- can forms is the large number of new generic types found to be necessary in the Myodochina, where, out of the twenty-one genera only four (with but five species together) are regarded as identical with existing types. In the Old World a single species found at Oeningen has been considered the type of an extinct genus, Cephalocoris, not found with us ; but undoubt- edly, to judge from the illustrations and descriptions, a more searching examination would bring out a different condition of things. Besides this, Heer has established a magazine genus, Lygfeites, for all the members of the family for which he could find no place ; it evidently comprises very diverse forms.
Subfamily LYG^^INA St&l.
This group of Lygseidje holds the second rank among the fossils both in Europe and America, but its relative and absolute importance is greater in the Old World than in the New. In Europe a considerable number of species, ten or eleven, are referred to Lygaeus, not including those which plainly do not belong here, but it is probable that only one of the species of Heer's magazine genus Lygteites belongs here, most of the others being more probably Myodochina; to this we may perhaps add his extinct genus Cephalocoris. All of these seem to belong to the division of Lygaiaria.
370
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NOliTlI AMliKICJA.
In our own Tertiaries I have referred all the species to the modern genera Lygajus (three) and Nysius (five), the fonner beh»nging to the division Lyga^aria, the latter to the Orsillaria. The resemblance between the Ter- tiary Lygjxjina of Europe and America is therefore not very strong.
,4»
LYG^US Fabricius.
This old genus having given birth to the family name, a considerable number of fossils have been referred to it. Nine have been described, one each from Aix and Krottensee, two each from Oeningen and Sieblos, and three from Iladoboj ; Serres aluo refers to four, and Curtis to one, species of the genus at Aix, and Berendt and Graveidiorst credit the genus to amber. Three of these unnamed forms, however, are compared to certain living species, which show tiiat they can not belong here, and the species from Krottensee, L. mutilus, is certainly not a Lygicus, so that only ten or eleven species at the most, named and unnamed, can be claimed for the European Tertiaries. In America we have three, all found at Florissant.
Table of the epeeiea of Lygecun.
Anterior separated from posterior lobe of thorax by a distinct though lino taborculate ridgu.
1. Z. atabilitus. Anterior and posterior lobes not distinctly separated.
Thorax distinctly though sparsely punctured 'i. L. obaolencens.
Thorax smooth 3. L. facakutut.
1. LyG.«;US STAB1LITU8. PI. 22, Fig. 10; PI. 24, Pig. 16.
Head strongly but roundly produced in front of the pretty large eyes, the surface finely rugulose, uniform black-brown, the antennae uniformly fuscous. Thorax with ampliated lateral margins, which are finely mar- ginate, the front margin considerably, regularly, and roundly emarginate ; surface of posterior lobe coarsely, faintly, and distantly puncta.te, of anterior much like the head, the two separated by a slight indented carina, giving it a , iberculate appearance ; the anterior lobe is dark like the head, the posterior paler but obscurely so ; the scutellum in color and surface struct- ure is like the head. The hemelytra are dark obscure, with a broad faint band crossing them when closed just beyond the tip of the scutellum, very much as in Dysdercus cinctus of the same beds, which but for the presence of ocelli this species greatly resembles.
IIEMll'TERA— MCTKKOI'TKUA— LYO^:iI)i1<:.
377
Length of body, 8.5-9""" ; antennae, 3.5"""' ; breadth of thorfix, 3""'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 11020 and 11235, 11219, and of the Princeton Collection, Nos. 1.811 and 1.821.
2. LyG.«:U8 OB80LE8CEN8.
PI. 24, Fig. 15.
Head strongly but roundly produced in front of the large eyes ; the surface smooth, uniform ; antennae longer than in the other species, uni- formly fuscous. Thorax with nearly straight sides, the anterior outer angles rounded, the front margin regularly, roundly, though not consider- ably, marginate ; surface uniformly, very sparsely and coarsely punctate, the scutellum similar. Color of whole body uniform or nearly so, but with faint signs that the disk of the thorax was lighter than the rest and that a lighter but obscure and narrow band crossed the closed hemelytra and scutellum at the apex of the latter.
Length of body, 10""'; antenna?, 4.5°""; breadth of thorax, S.S"".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 421, 104l>4, 11218.
3. LyO^US FiECULENTUS.
Head but little and roundly produced in front of the eyes, the surface smooth, more or less mottled, the antennas fuscous, the second joint much darker than the succeeding. Thorax with scarcely ampliated, oblique lat- eral margins, the front margin gently and roundly emarginate, the whole surface smooth, fusco-fuliginous, with a pair of oblique and divergent paler lateral clouds ; scutellum smooth, the disk and base fusco-fuliginous, the rest obscure pallid. Hemelytra fuliginous with no transverse pallid band, but with a narrow, pallid stripe following the sutura clavi.
Length of body, 9.75"""^, antennae, 3.75"'"; breadth of thorax, 3 1""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.835, of the Princeton Collection.
. NYSIUS Dallas.
No fossil Heteroptera have been before referred to this genus, which is found all over the worid, from Greenland to the Cape of Good Hope, in the East Indian and Pacific Islands, and in North and South America Five species occurring in the Florissant shales belong here or in the near vicinity, and may be separated by the following table :
T
378 TEKTiAltV INSKGTS OF NORTH AMKUIOA.
Tallin of Ihe tpeiien of iVi/dfiig.
Aiituunui diHtiiiclly more than lialfiM Ioiik um tlie body.
Head (liHtiiiotly lon«or tlittii broad; body relatively Hlimdxr 1, If, vincltu.
Iluud distinctly broadnr than long; body rrlatividy Hlout 8, jv. reciilu.
Antoniiii! nearly or quite half as long as the body, lint not mort-. AutunniK half as long as the body.
Thorax tapering eonsideribly, the apex hariUy more than half on long as the base ; membraHO
distinctly infinnated ;i^V. IritiiH,
Thorax tapering but little, tUe apex fully two-thirds as long as tlinbaso; nienibraiiu appar-
""*'y «'«"'• I. .\.l,rr„:
AnteniiH! distinctly less than half as long as the body 5. y, hUuIiih.
1. NysIUS VINCTIIS.
liody sleiuler, three times us long as broad ; head and thorax black, the abdomen blackish fuscous, anteiihiu and legs very dark testaceous. Head considerably longer than broad, well rounded, heavily punctate. Antenna', distinctly more than half as long as the body, tlie basal joint stout, the remainder slender, decreasing regularly and slightly in size from the second to tiie fourth. Thora.\ rapidly tapering forward, the apical about iialf the length of the basal margin, botli truncate ; surface heavily punctate. Apex of corium reaching scarcely beyond the middle of the abilomen, corium iufuscated; met.ibrane clear with distinct fuscous veins.
Length of body, (I""" ; antennae, 3.6""" ; breadth of thorax, 2"™.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 7310.
2. Nysius vecula. PI. 2'-', Fig. 7.
Body as compared with the preceding species relatively stout, being somewhat less than three times as long as broad ; whole body vMi the le<>s blackish fuscous, antenna; slightly paler. Head broader than long, rounded subtriangular, smooth or scarcely punctate. Antenna> distinctly more than half as long as the body, the basal joint moderately stout, projecting con- siderably beyond the front, the remaining joints slender, the apical barely incrassated and as long as the penultimate. Thorax tapering legularl and considerably, the apical considerably more than half as long as the basal margin, both truncate, the oblique sides without ampliation ; the surface rather delicately punctate. Hemelytra with corium iufuscated, reaching somewhat beyond the middle of the abdomen; all the veins delicately punctate.
Length of body, 5.5-5.6™"; antennae, S.TS""; breadth of body, ^.G™"'.
!
1 1 E M I PT I-: It A— H ETE HO ['T I-; U A— L YG .E 1 1).!}.
379
«b
Floi-isHJint. Sevon specimens, Nos. 3601, .H739, 4886, 11522, 1154!), 1315il, and from the Princeton Collection 1.828.
'i. NySIUS TRITU8. PI. 23, Fig. 20.
Body slender, fully three times us long as broad ; the head and thorax black, the abdomen blackish fuscous; corium and clavus of hemelytra blackish brown with a large, triangular, clear, pallid spot occupying the basal liiilf or more of the corium, and also another smaller, triangular, pallid spot at its extreme apex ; mend)rane fuliginous. Head subrotund, broader than the apex of the thorax, apparently broadly angulate in front, the sur- face smootli. The antennae half as long as the body, the apical joint slightly incrassated. Thorax tapering rapidly and regularly fron> base to apex, the iipical hardly more than half as long as the basal margin, both trum'ate; the surface heavily punctate, as is also that of the scutellum ; veins of the hemelytra also punctate.
Length of body, 4 3'""' ; antenna', 2.15"'"' ; breadth, l.SS"""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6142, 12465.
4. Nysius terr^. PI. 23, Fig. 31.
Body moderately slender, rendered less so by its slightly oval shape ; head and thorax blackish brown, the abdomen a little paler; legs and antennae dark testaceous. Head small, distinctly broader than long, rounded, with the eyes narrower than the apex of the thorax; surface smooth. Antenufc half as long as the body, the basal joint projecting but little be- yond the front of the head, the apical slightly incrassated and fully as long as the penultimate joint. Thorax tapering gently from base to apex, the apical fully two-thirds as long as the basal margin, both truncate ; the sides hardly ampl'ated ; surface heavily punctate, as is also the scutellum. Corium of hemelytra reaching nearly the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, dark fuscous, with a very large, rounded, blackish fuscous spot in the middle of the apical margin ; the membrane apparently clear.
Length of body, 4.1"'"' ; antennae, 2"°' ; breadth of base of thorax, 1.25""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 4606, 7064.
f ,•* waf ijmi^iy.) 4^.^!^ \m
i
380
TKHTIAUV INHKCTH OK NOJtTII AMKKIOA.
•if
11
i
!!'
6. Nysiub htkatus.
PI. 2;{, FiB8. 14, 27; IM. L>r., Fjkh. li, S. Body rather Hlendor, beii.fr nhnut three timeH us 1.,,.- .,« l.road Head rounded. Hubtrianguhir. of about equal length and breadth, or, if anytliin.r H httle broader than long, with the eyes slightly broader than the apex of the thorax, smooth. Antenna, less than half as long as the body, the stout basal joint projecting slightly beyond the front of the head, the .ocond joint very slender, the others gradually incrassated, so as to be f.dly half as broad agan. m the nnd.Ue of the apical joint as in the .nid.llo of the second joint the apical fully as long as the penultimate joint. Thorax trapezoidal, taper- n.g from base to apex gradually and regularly, with straight sides, some- tmies a little ampliated, the apical distinctly more than one-half as Ion., as the basal margin, both truncate, or the apical very slightlv and roundly emargmate, surface coarsely punctate like the scutellum. AH the femora rather stout, the fore and middle ],airs of nearly equal length, the hind pair a little longer, smooth ; all the tibia> slightly hmger than their resnective femora, slender. Corium of hemelytra with the apex reaching beycmd the middle of the ab.lomen, testaceous, with blackish fuscotis blotches irregu- larly distributed ; all the veins of the corium and clavus di.stincti v puncta'Je • membrane nearly clear with testaceous streaks along the veins."
Length of body, 4-rr'"; anten.uv, 1.75-'J ; breadth of bod v, 1.. 5-1.7-
This is the commonest of the Lyga-ida; at Florissant. Florissant. Twenty-five specimens, No.s. 902, 1349, 1G71 SruG 4853 4931,6123,6177,6365,6542,7540, 10381,10825,10888, !()!.(;<) iiuo' 111G4, 12065, 12463, 12751, 13158, 14023, 14181, 14432, and from the l^rinceton Collection 1.840.
Subfamily OEOCORINA Stdl.
A single species referred below to Geocoris is the only fossil form over recognized in this family.
GEOCORIS FallJn.
This cosmopolitan genus, rich in species and about equally developed
in the Old and New Worlds, is more prolific in the northern than in the
southern hemisphere in the New World, the opposite in the Old World. It
has never been recognized in a fossil state, but a single species appears to
IIKMII'TKHA— HKTKItOPTKUA— LYd^lD.K.
881
occur lit I'loiiHrtHiit, wliero itH htriking bromith of head hikI stout loro feuuna (listiuj^uiHli it froru all other forms.
GeOCOKIH INFKKNORIIM. PI. 23, FiRH. 17, 2«.
Ilciul ijroiully rouudod in front without the least sign of being' pro- duced, in which it differs strikingly from all existing species I have been able to examine ; twice as broad as long, witn the small eyes just as broad as the front of the thorax ; antennje shorter than head and thorax com- bined, very slender, cylindrical, with no enlargement anywhere, the second joint longest, the third and fourth successively shorter. The thorax is nearly or quite twice as broad as long with gently convex sides, scarcely narrower in front than behind, and the angles hardly rounded; tlie surface is very feebly i)unctate. Hemelytra with the corium hardly reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, very opaque fuhcous with pale patches or streaks following the course of the veins; membrane invisible. Legs short, the fore femora (when turned sc as to see the broader face) very stout, rotund, not more than half as long again as broad. Abdomen very broad and full.
Length, ;i.25'"'" ; breadth, L45""".
Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 5640, 5734, 5864, 5888, 6483, ISl.'^'V
Subihmily OXYCARENINA St&l. This group, much more highly developed in the Old World than in the New, has never been found fossil there ; but here we have an extinct genus, Procrophius, in the shales of Florissant, with three species.
PROCROPHIUS gen. nov. {7rp6, Crophius, nom. gen.).
The brevity of the antennas and of the corium at once distinguish this from any living forms of Lygajidae with which it would appear to be related, and with which from its abundance in the rocks we should perhaps the more expect to find relationship. The brevity of the corium distinguishes it from Ischnorhynchus with which its general form agrees, especially with the Central American species, and I can find nothing nearer to it than Cro- phius, from which it differs decidedly in the antennae. The head is trian- gular, shorter than broad, together with the eyes of the same breadth as the
■i; j<
■i
ft"
382 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
narrowed apex of the tliorax, which is broadest at extreme base, or close to it; inucli broader than long, and tapers forward with greater or less rapidity and regularity. The hemelytra have the outer extremity of the corium reaching not far beyond the middle of the abdomen, and the legs are very miich as in Crophius. The antennjE are at most only a little more than a third as long as the body, the first joint short and not surpassing the head, the rest slender and nearly cylindrical, the second the longest, the third and fourth equal in length, but the last slightly incrassated.
Three species occur at Florissant, one of them in great abundance.
Table of the spedes of Proorophiua.
Hemelytra with no diHtinot series of punctures.
Heniel.vtni iiniforinly or almost uniformly obscure 1. p. communis.
Hemelytra clear with a broad costal thickening 2. P. costalis.
Heme'iytra with distinct series of punctures following the main veins 3. P. languens.
X. PEOOrvOPHIUS COMMUNIS. PL 23, Figs. 13, 18, 28, 29 ; PI. 24, Fig. 1.
The smtennce of this species are much stouter than in the next, and Riso relatively shorter The head is more than half as i ig as the tliorax, or a little more than that, very bluntly angled in front ; thorax about as long as the anterior breadth, at least half as broad again posteriorly, taper- ing with great uniformity so as to sh.^w but little curvature to the sides, the surface nearly sniooth, entirely without constriction next the base. Heme- lytra dark and obsccre, occasionally with obscure lighte.^ patches below the costal field and next the middle of the membranal suture ; membrane clear.
This is one of the commonest species of Lygasidae at Florissant
Length of body, 3.5"""; breadth, 1.5°""; length of corium, 1.5™™.
Florissant. Twenty specimens, Nos. 183, 258, 1209, 140^, 1570, 2388, 4313, 4577, 4602, 5722, 5832, 6205, 6246, 6873, 7330, 11184, 11222, 11652, 12061, 12458.
2. Procrophius costalis. PI. 23, Fig. 8.
This species differs from the preceding in the slenderer antennae, the more roundad sides of the pronotum, and the Jiaracter of the slightly rela- tively longer hemelytra. The thorax is rather stouter than in P. communis, being nearly twice as broiid as long, with gently rounded sides, which at
*»
HEMIPTERA -HETEROPTEBA— LYGiElD^.
383
the sama time taper rapidly ; the surface smooth. The hemelytra are light colored, excepting for an equal, not very broad, costal thickening of a tes- taceous color, wiiich appears to be characteristic. The abdomen mem» to be ordinarily fuller in the apical half than in P. communis.
Length, 3.4"'"'; breadth, 1.5""'; length of corium, 1.75°"".
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 5952, 6367, 6394, 7062, 9937.
3. PrOCROI'HIUS languens. PI, 23, Fig. 23.
A single specimen has been separated from the others on account of certa.n characteristics v,'hich appear to be peculiar; unfortunately the appendages of the head are not preserved, but the head itself appears to be longer and more produced than in either of the other species, and the tho- rax of the same form as in P. communis, .tapering as rapidly and with rec- tilinear sides, but it is perhaps a little shorter than m P. communis and its surface a little less smooth. The hemelytra are clear throughout, and show lines of punctures along the course of the principal veins which can not je made out in either of the other species. The abdonen has the form oi that of P. costalis,
Length, 3.4"'"'; breadth, 1.5"""; length of corium, 1.5°'"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 6239.
Subfamily MY0130CHINA St&l.
As has been stated above, the vast majority of the American fo;'iil Lygajidaj belong to the present group. A remarkable feature to be noticed in them— not embracing all the species, but certainly most of them — is the brevity of the antennae, rarely half as long at the body, and usually nmch shorter than that. They are extraordinary, too, for the very large propor- tion which can not be referred to existing genera, and for tLeir general resemblance as a whole to subtropical types. The members of the first group, the Myodocharia, seem to form, with few exceptions, a type apart, in which the posterior lobe of the thorax does not broaden from behind for- ward, being as a whole narrower, or at least no broader, than the anterior lobe when the latter has ampliated sides, the opposite being ordinarily the case in modern types. With a single exception or two they all como from Florissant
r
384
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
hm
Pif
j! .
Table of the genera of fotiil Myodochina.
Anterior and poHterior lobps of thorax with independi.it lateral cirves (Div. Itlyodocharia.)
Middle f«Miiora as loa<; as the width of the body at their insertion 1. Ligyrocorin.
Middle femora shorter than the width of the body at their insertion. Anterioi lobe of thorax with the sides crcnatn.
Minute species, less than four milliinoters in length 2. Utenopamera,
Larger species, not less than live millimeters in length. Anterior ninch longer than posterior lobe of thorax.
AntenniB no longer than bead and thorax ; tt^rminal joint no liroa<ler than middle
of second joint 3. Catopamera.
Anteni'.ie as long as hea<l, tliorax, and scutellnm ; terminal joiut incraasatcd.
4. I'hrudopamera.
Anterior lobe of thorax a little shorter than the posterior 5. Cholula.
Anterior lobe of thorax with the sides obMque and straight. Anterior and posterior lobcr of thi./as aljout equally long.
Larger lurnis. Antoniiie more tlmn half as lung as body ; head as broad as middle of
thorax; abdomen laterally expanded 6. Lithocorii.
Smaller forms. Antennie only half as long as body; head much narrower than mid- dle of thortix ; alidomcn not laterally expanded 7. Cnphoeoris.
Posterior lobe of thorax distinctly shorter than anterior.
Posterior margin of tliornx angulate, the posterior lobe tnire lis long in the middle as
at sides. H. Eucorilea.
Posterior margin of thorax truncate, the posterior lobe of equal length tbroughiiut. Antennin a4 long as head and lljorax together, or longer; head longrr tliar
broad 'J. I'locoria,
AntunniO shnrtt^r than head a>id thorax together; bead broader thbn long.
10. Clereacorifi. Anterior and posterior lobes of thorax distinguishable only, if at all, by the transverse impressed lino
of the upper surface ^Div. Rhyparochroinaria.)
Eyes small, globular; bead not broader than front of thorax.
Minute species, usually less than 4""" (In one instance as much as 4.5""") in length. Autennie only as long as head and thorax together.
Anterior border of thorax very much shorter than the posterior ; or, if not, much longer than the length of the thorax. Corium of hemlytra reaching only the middle of the abdomen ...11. Trapezonotiia. Corium of hemelytra reaching distinctly beyond the middle of the abdoruen.
I'i. Liiiniva. Anterior border of thorax but little shorter than the posterior and of the same length
as the thorax M IlliiiparoehromiiK.
Antennie fully half as long as body.
Second joint of antennie scarcely longer than third or fourth U. PiichymeruH.
Secondjoint of antennie much longer than either of the succeeding !.'>. Tiromerm.
Larger species, usually more than .'>""" (in one instance as little at 4.7""") in length.
Antennie nearly or quite half as long as the body, the last joint scarcely or not iiiorassated.
Hi. I.illiochmmua. Antennie not or scaroely longer than head and thorax together, the last joint usually a little incras.sated. Second joint of antennie longest.
Thorax considerably less than twice as broad as long 17. Cnpioohromtii.
Thorax much more than twice as broad as long IH. I'rohjgtBM.
Last joint of antennie longest.
Eyesat baseof head; thorax punctate ; sides of alulomen expanded, usually beyond
the closed hemelytra . 19. Sicrochromm.
Eyes in middle of head ; thorax smooth ; sides of ab lumen not oxnan Iml laterally
beyond t e hemelytra 20. ExUelua.
Eyes large, leuticnlar, half as long as the thorax ; head oonsidorably broader than the front of the thorax ,........, '^i. t'ryptochromm
Mf
IIEMIPrEKA-IIKTKUOI'TKHA— LYd.ElD^E.
385
«f
^
^
1. LlGYROvJORIS StAl.
This American genus, best developed in Mexico and Central America, where seven species are recorded, and which also extends into the United States, where two sjiecies are known in the efwtern portions, seems to be represented in the Florissant shr.les by one species, thou<,'h the obscurity of the single s])ecinien makes the reterence somewhat doubtful. No extinct forms have before been recognized.
LlUYKOCOKLS KXSi;CTlIS.
PI. a4, Fig. 5.
The single specimen that is referred here is very poorly preserved, but differs markedly from all other specimens ; in general the aspect of the insect is that of a fiigyrocoris, and I have accordingly placed it in that genus. The head appears to be of the same width as the thorax, which is subquadrate, narrows very little forward, and is rather broader than long. The antennae are slender, and if turned backward would reach about half-way to the tip of the closed hemelytra. I'he fore and middle femora are very similar in character, the middle pair slightly the longer, moder- ately stout, of nearly equal width throughout, the hind femora longer still and perhaps a little slenderer, reaching nearly to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the membrane reaching far beyond the tip of the abdo- men, the veins dusky ; tin whole body is of a uniformly dark color.
Length of body, 5.25""" ; including the closed hemelytra, 7""" ; breadth of body, 1.6"*"' , length of hind tibia; and tarsi, 4""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 12925.
2. STENOPAMERA gen. nov. ((fTEy6?, Pamera, nom. gen,).
A genus of Myodocharia in which the antenor lobe is not only several times longer than the posterior, but which by its bulla 3 form is even wider than it, the posterior lobe being reduced to a mere narrow belt. The whole insect is of compact oval form, less than three times longer than broad. In the last respect it reminds one of Trapezus, but in its principal features it seems to be most nearly allied to Pamera. The antennaj are scarcely longer than the extreme- w: :1th of the body and scarcely have the apical joint
A'OI. XI 11 2')
\
386
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
incrasaated ; the first joint scarcely surpasses the head, the second is the longest, and the others successively shorter.
Two species may be separated among the fossils found at Florissant.
Table of the spcMet of Steiiopmnera.
Corinm of hemelytra dark with pallid subcostal streak and inodian patch 1, S. tenehroaa.
Corium of hemelytra pale with darkened marglual stripe a. s. aabterrea.
tff
1. Stenopameka tenebrosa.
n. 23, Pigs. 10, 24.
Head rounded subtriangular, of about equal length and breadth, less than half as broad as the thorax at its greatest ; antennte about as long as head and thorax combined. Tliorax with the sides strongly convex and' almost angulate in the middle, in front of which it narrows rapidly, the truncate anterior margin shorter than the length of the thorax and hardly more than half its greatest breadth ; surfoce nearly smooth, transversely and finely pectinate. Heinelytoi with the corium reaching rather beyond the middle of the abdomen, very dark, but not so dark as the thorax, with a distinctly and sharply pallid sutnra clavi and pallid streaks, especially in the subcostal region and in the middle of the outer membranal margin, but also often extending from the base outward along the costal margin.
Length, 3..55""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.45"™.
Florissant. Nine specimens, Nos. 1448, 4597, 5736, (J217, 6373, 7397, 7675, 11301, 12446.
2. bXENOPAMERA SUBTERREA.
iV
ri. 23, Fig. 7.
This species differs from the preceding in no conspicuous feature and agrees with it in size. '^I'he front margin of the thorax appears, however, to be a little and roundly emarginate and the sides slightly leas prominent. Tlie hemelytra are pallid with a pale testaceous thickening of the costal mar- gin of the corium and a faint line of punctuation along the principal veins.
Length, 3.25"'°; breadth of thorax, 1.2""".
Florissant. Three specimeaa, Nos. 48vS7, G14Ua, 7473.
?t"
HKMIi'TEUA— HKTEU()I»TBHA— LYG.EID.E.
387
u
3. CATOPAMERA gen. nov. (xaTco, Pamera, nona. gen.).
Head aubtrlangular, roundly angulated in front, slightly broader than long, with the eyes as broad as the apex of the thorax ; eyes situated at the base, small, globular ; antennae slender, no longer than the head and thorax together ; be^-ond the basal joint (which just surpasses the head) of almost exactly uniform width, the joints of very nearly equal length, each from four-fifths to five-sixths the length of the preceding. Tiiorax about jialf as broad again as long, considerably longer than the head, ta])ering from the posterior margin of the anterior lobe forward, the sides ampliated, base trun- cate, apex more or less but broadly tMuarginate. I^egs moderately stout, the middle femora not more than two-thirds the width of the body at their insertion. Abdomen very full, well rounded. ^ Two species occur in the Florissant shales.
Table of the species of Catopameru.
Oorium of hemolytra I'oaoliing tUe middle of the apical half of the abdomen 1. C. augheyi.
Coriam of hemelytra reaching scarcely beyond the middle of the abdomen 8. C. bradleyi.
1. Catopamera augheyi.
PI. 27, Fig. 7.
Whole body of a nearly uniform dark color; the antenna? a little paler. Head smooth or finely corrugated transversely. Thorax faintly punctate. Hemelytra just surpassing the extremity of the abdomen, the corium reaching the middle of its apical half, fusco-fuliginous, sparsely but distinctly punctate, the puncta? showing a tendency to a linear arrange- ment along the veins ; membrane clear. Abdomen with the sides slightly paler than the middle.
Length of body, 5"""; antennae, 2.15™'"; breadth of thorax, 1.55"™ ; abdomen, 2.05""".
Named in honor of Samuel Aughey, geologist of the Hayden Survey.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 17 IG, 2042, 9590, 12033.
2. Catopameea bradleyi.
PI. 2(5, Fig. 1«.
Whole body blackish brown, excepting the hemelytra. Antennae rather stouter tlian in the preceding species and as dark as the body. Head uuiform, smooth. Thorax very liudy, faintly, and distantly punctate ; the
388
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTIf AMBRIOA.
\l
scutellum more coarsely. Hemelytra reaching just about the tip of the abdomen, the. corium not beyond its middle, testaceous, rather finely and very distantly and evenly punctate, the punctre showing no disposition to longitudinal arrangement ; membrane faintly infumated. Sides of abdo- men as dark as the disk.
Length of body, not including the terminal extension of the abdomen, 4.65'°™; antenna}, 1.65""°; breadth of body, 1.25""'; abdomen, 1.75'""'.
Dedicated to Mr. Frank H. Bradley, geologist of the Hayden Survey.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14236.
4. PHRUDOPAMERA gen. nov. (cppovSo?, Pamera, nom. gen.).
Head rounded, of about equal length and breadth, rather broader than the apex of the thorax, more or less produced in front of the antenufe; eyes, situated at the outermost limits of the head, a little in advance of the base, of moderate size, subglobular ; antennse as long as the head, thorax, and scutellum together, the basal joint barely or not surpassing the front of tlie head, the three succeeding joints subequal, the last incrassated so as to be half as broad again as the middle of the second joint. Thorax scarcely longer than the head, half as broad again as long, tapering forward from the posterior limit of the anterior lobe, the sides ampliated ; posterior mar- gin truncate or slightly convex, the anterior margin similarly concave. Legs moderately stout, the middle femora not more than two-thirds the width of the body at their insertion. Abdomen moderately full, well rounded.
Two species occur in the shales of Florissant.
Table of the epecieg of Phruilopamera.
Front of head distinctly angnlate 1. j. foilsoni.
Front of head broadly rounded or snbtrnncato 2. P. ohittendetii.
1. Phrudopamera WILSONI.
PI. 27, Figs. 9, 16.
Head smooth, the front rectangulate in advance of the antennae; antennae of uniform color. Thorax finely and evenly granulate ; hemelytra rather heavily punctured in definite longitudinal lines following the course of the veins ; these infuscated but the rest of the hemelytra scarcely infus-^ rated ; membrane dear. Abdomen oval, somewhat elongated.
«t
nEMIPTERA-HlCTEHOl'TERA-LYG.EID.E.
389
%»
Length of body, 5.45"""; antennae, 2.5°""; breadth of thorax, 1.45""-; abdomen, 2°"°.
This species is named for Mr. A. D. Wilson, the accomplished topog- rapher of the Hayden Survey.
Florfssant. Two specimens, Nos. 6931, 13315.
2. Phrudopamera chittendeni. PI. 26, Figs. 7, 9.
Head smooth or very finely and transversely corrugate, the front pro- jecfing forward between the antennae, but subtruncate or broadly rounded ; antenr with the basal and apical joints darker than the rest. Thorax rather fointly and somewhat distinctly punctate, as well as transversely corrugated, especially in the middle. Henielytra rather coarsely' punctate in longitud- inal lines, following tiie course of the veins, more or less infuscated ; the membrane slightly infumated. Abdomen broad and very well rounded.
Length of body, 5.25-"; antennae, 2.5°-; breadth of thorax, 1.65"""; abdomen, 2.25""°'.
The name is given in honor of Mr. G. B. Chittenden, topographer of the Hayden Survey, engaged during its exploration of Colorado. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 7037, 11229, 11232.
5. CHOLULA Distant
A single species, represented by a single, imperfect, headless specimen from Green River, Wyoming, is referred here from its near resemblance to one of the species described by Distant. It differs, however, in several points : the basal margin of the thorax is hardly concave at the base of the scutellum, but straight, while elsewhere it is convex; there is but the faintest sign of any carination of the scutellum, and I can not see that either corium or clavus is punctured.
Cholula triguttata. PI. 7, Fig. 21.
Body slender with parallel sides, fully three times longer than broad. [Head wanting ] Thorax rounded subquadrate, broader than long, the ante- rior a little shorter than the posterior lobe, and distinctly separated from it
:{9()
TI'MtTIAItY INHBCrra OK NORTH AMKRKIA.
I
by a transverse constriction, noticeable particnlarly bj' the deep lateral notch ; anterior lobe rapidly narrowing with strongly oblique convex sides, two and a half times broader than long, the surface apparentlj- smooth, light colored, with broad, marginal, dark bands, a faint dusky median stripe fading posteriorly, and three dark round spots, one in the middle of each lat- eral half posteriorly and ono in the middle of the posterior margin, overlaj)- ping the posterior lobe ; this last is broader than the anterior, with strongly convex sides, and is three times as broad as long, its posterior lateral angles not rounded ; the posterior margin is transverse outwardly and next the base of the scutellum, a little oblique between ; the surface is dark poste- riorly, lighter anteriorly, the whole rather coarsely and faintly punctate. Corium of hemelytra clear and smooth, with distinct aiul straight subcostal vem and fuliginous outer angle (the other dark spots on the surface of the corium in the plate belong to the middle and hind femora); membrane clear.
Length (without head), 4.5""" ; probable complete length, 5"'"'; l)readth of thorax, 1.7""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 113 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
il LITHOCORIS gen. nov. (\i9o?, la'pt?).
Head large, subrotund, slightly broader than long, with moderately large eyes, which are situated just behind the middle of the head, at its greatest lateral expansion as broad as the middle of the thorax; front rounded, angulate in advance of the base of the antennae ; antenna^ more than half as long as the body, the basal joint pretty stout, surpassing a little the front of the head, the remaining joints subequal, the se cond the shortest, all very slender, but the last slightly incrassated to about the Avidth of the basal joint. Thorax slightly longer than broad, divided into anterior and posterior lobes of equal length, both tapering from base to apex, the ante- rior more rapidly than the posterior and with perfectly straight oblique sides ; the base fully twice as broad as the apex. Legs moderately slen- der, the middle femora, fully three-fourths the width of the body at their insertion. Corium of hemelytra reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, which is full, laterally ampliated, half as broad again as the base of the thorax.
A single species is known.
HEMIPTERA-UETEKOPTEBA— L\'GJ«:iD.1i.
391
LiTHOCORIS EVlTLSlTg.
The single specimen known is rather faintly preserved upon the stone, but otherwise is in excellent condition. The head and thorax are dusky, the abdomen paler ; the antennte and legs are also pale obscure. Head rather densely and not very finely punctate. Thorax more coarsely and more distantly punctate, as is also the scutellum. Hemelytra with similar coarse punctse arranged al ig the veins ; membrane cloudy.
Length of body, G.S'""'; antennae, d"""; hind femora, 2.2""°; tibiie, 3.2""°; tarsi, LS"""; breadth of thorax, 2.2"'"; abdomen, 2.<"'°.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 4890.
7. COPHOCORIS gen. nov. (xaxpd?, xopt?).
Head rounded, a little broader than long, a little broader than the apex of the thorax but not nearly so broad as its middle ; front roundly produced, almost angulate ; antennas only half as long as the body, the basal joints just surpassing the front of the head, the remaining joints slen- der, subequal, the last faintly incrassated. Thorax at least one-fourth broader than long, divided into anterior and posterior lobes of equal length, the posterior lobe with straight and nearl}- parallel sides, the anterior taper- ing forward, the sides oblique and straight. Legs apparently much as in the preceding genus, but perhaps slightly shorter. Abdomen well rounded, hardly ampliated laterall3^
A single species occurs at Florissant.
COPHOCOKIS TENEBRIC08U8.
Whole body almost uniformly dark, the abdomen, antennae, and legs much lighter. Head minutely punctate. Thorax distantly and rather coarsely punctate ; scutellum the same. Corium of hemelytra reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, infuscated, the veins finely punc- tate ; membrane clear.
Length of body, 5""; antennae, 2.4°"°; breadth of thorax, 1.6°"°; abdomen, 2"°".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 9742.
i
3U2
TKRTIAKY I.WSKC'I'S OK NOUTH AMKItlUA.
Ills
8. KUOORrrES gen. nov. (ev, nop,?).
Head well rounded, with a slipfhtly triangular form, the apex for- ward, of about equal length and breadth, slightly broader than the apex of the thorax; the front gently and roundly ))rodiiced in front of the antenna-; eyes situated in advance of the middle, transverse, reniform ; antenna- slightly longer than the head and thorax together, the basal joint moder- ately stout, just surpassing the front of the head, the remaining joints sub- equal, the second slightly longer than the others, slender and eqiuil, the third slightly shorter than the terminal, scarcely and gently enlarging in the apical half, the fourth incrassated so as to be almost throughout half as broad again as the middle of the second joint. Anterior lobe of the thorax trapezoidal, more than twice as broad as long, tapering regularly from base to apex, with oblique sides, both base and apex truncate : posterior lobe of luuisual form, l)eing twice as l»road in the middle as at tlie sides, the pos- terior margin being sti'ongly, broadly angulate, with rounded apex, simu- lating a broad and short scutelhun. Middle femora much shorter than the breadth of the body at their insertion. Corium of hemelytra reaching the middle of the aj)ical half of the abdomen. Abdomen moderately long ovate.
One species only is known.
EUCORITES .SERESCENS.
Whole body black, the antenna^ with the basal joint black, the apical joint and apical third of the penultimate* joint blackish fuscous, the remain- der testaceous. Head and thorax uniformly, coarsely, and rather distantly punctate. Corium of hemelytra coarsely punctate, mostly in longitudinal lines following the course of the veins, the punctsTj infuscated and the whole corium more or less infuscated, but generally of a light color ; mem- brane faintly infumated, reaching just to the tip of the abdomen.
Length of body, 5"'™ ; antennjv, 2.0.'"'" ; breadth of thorax at the base, 2.25"""; abdomen, 2.5""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. S60.
9. PROCORIS gen. nov. (Tvpc, K<!pt?).
Head rounded, slightly longer than broad, with the eyes a little but distinc'ily broader than the apex of the thoi-ax, the front ronnded, angulate
IIKMII'TKKA— HIOTKKOI'TKUA— l<V(i.Kll).i;.
393
I
in advam I) of the antenna' ; eyes moderately largV, Hituated juat in advance of the base ; antenna^ as long as the head antl thorax together, tlio basal joint clearly surpassing the front, the snbstMiucnt joints snhequal, the second not longer than the others, slender, the fourth incrassate through- out, but largest in the middle, where it is twice as broad as the middle of the second joint. Thorax longer than broad, the posterior about two- thirds as long as the anterior lobe, of equal length througlunit, with straight and parallel sides, the anterior lobe tapering from base to apex with oblique straight sides: posterior margin of the thorax truncate, anterior scarcely emarginate. Legs moderately stout, middle femora not more than two- thirds as long as the breadth of the body at their insertion. Coriuin of hemelytra reaching nearly or ([uite to the middle of the apical half of tin- abdomen. Abdonien broafl ovate.
Two species are known, both of which occur only at Florissant.
7Vj6/<i 0/ the iipecien of I'rocoria.
Third joint of antouuii' of nearly I'ljiiul width thronghoiit : fnmora relatively Blender.
1. P. sancUvjohannii. Third joint of anteunie conHiderabiy enlarged upionlly; foinnra relatively Ntont 2. I', herhleri.
1. PUOCORIS SANCT/EJOHANNIS.
Whole body uniform black or blackish fuscous ; antenna' of the same color as the head or perhaps not so dark, but in any case much infus- cated, the third joint of nearly equal width throughout, scarcely eidarged at the apex. Head smooth or perhaps ftiintly and very finely punctate. Thorax and scutellum coarsely and rather distantly punctate, the puncta- on the hemelytra arranged linearly along the course of the veins. Femora only moderately stout, fully three times as long as broad. Abdomen rather full, with ampliated sides.
Length, 6.1°"" ; antenme, 2.25""' ; breadth of thorax, 1.85"""; abdomen, 2..5""".
The name of the species is given in honor of Mr. Orestes Ht. John, geologist of the Hayden Survey, a pioneer of nnuih work in the West.
Florissant, Four specimens, Nos. 355^, 4808, 7688, 105<>0.
2. Procoris bechleri. PI. 27, Fig. 4.
Head faintly and rather coarsely punctate, and, like the whole body, black or blackish brown, the antennae a little lighter colored, the third joint
304
TKKTIAUY INHKOTS itl' NOKTM AMKKICA.
(^iiliufriiij,'' n!t,nilurly from Ihihh to upox, wlun-ti it is noiirly twif«f m liir{r« m at the liiisi'. 'riinrnx v(try coursoly lun! not vory difttmitly puiictiito, m in hIho tlio H(!iitolluin. Hoiiuilytrii ftiHco-tulifriiioiiH, coiirHoly punctate in Horial rows aloiifr the course of tlio veins. The femora rather stout, the micUlIe pair boinj>f but little more than twice as lonjif as broad. Abdomen with the sides scarcely ampliated, and a premarf^inal jyallid line.
Length, ().lf>"""; antenna% 2.25""»; breadth of thorax, 1.S5"'"' : middle of abdomen, 2. 15""".
Named i'ov .Mr. (t. II. Hechler, topographer of the Hayden Survey during its work in (Jolorado and elsewhere.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1H504.
10. CTKItEACJORIS gen. nov. {xripfa, hi' pi?).
Head broader tlian long, rounded su )triangular, with the moderately large eyes broader than the apex of the prothorax ; the front prominent and rounded ; antennae considerably shorter than the head and thorax together, the basal joint .stout, surpassing the front of tlui head, the second and third joints about e([ual in length, Hlcndor, less than hrlf t'lt; width of the l)asal joint, the apical joint slightly the longest, incrassate to the stoutness of the ba.sal joint. Thorax more than twice as Itroad as the head, the posterior decidedly shorter than the anterior lobe, with straight and parallel sides and truncate anterior and |)08terior margins ; the anterior lobe tapering rapidly with straight oblique sides, the anterior margin gently emarginate, the whole nearly three times as broad as long. Middle femora very much shorter than the breadth of the body at their insertion. Corium of heme- lytra ]<arely surpassing the middle of the abdomen. Abdomen broad and rc.ur
k single species is known.
Ctereacokis primigenus.
Head, thorax, scutellum, and corium of hemelyti-a black, antennte blackish fuscous, abdomen dark fusco-fuliginous. Head smooth, the antennre, especially the apical joint, a little roughened. Thorax and scu- tellum coarsely punctate. Corium of hemelytra the same, the punctie fol- lowing mostly the course of the veins ; membrane clear. Abdomen obscurely nd coarsely ])unctate.
IIKMII'TKIIA— HKTKUOI'TKUA— l-YCKIM,*:.
:i»5
TiOn},'tli, 5"""; iiiitoiiiia', I.Tr."""; lymuUI: of IihiuI, .Brr"" ; buHe of Hio- rivx, 2.15"""; (ibdoiiu'ii, 2.7f»""".
KloriHHiint. One «|Miciin()ii, No. 2022.
II. TKAI'EZON(yriIH Fiober.
«
'I'his genuH, abundantly repreHOtitod in Kuropo, mthor feebly in Anier- i<^a. where it \h found in the United States, and at liif?h elevations in Cen- tral America, seemw to have lived at FloriHH.iut, a i-ouple of specieH, one of them tolerably common being found there ; yet they certainly differ from modern types in the brevity of the antenme and bhmtneHs <tf tlie head, and are considerably slenderer than any American species known to me. They may be [)laced here at least iwovision.illy.
Tiihle of (he Hi)etie>. <>/ TruiieionoUm.
.Smaller npochg. hardly excnodiiiK three millinietorB in length | thorax with uo ineillan siiluatlou ; co»tal margin ofoorinmdark '• -'• exUiiHinaUtii.
Larger »)>ocie», coiiHideralily excemling I'mir millimoters iu length ; thorax with median milcation i coHtal margin of corimn light «• T. Hjiginlit.
1. TrAPKZONOTUS KXTKKMINATirH. PI. 22, Fig. !»; PI. 33, Figs. 1 1, 22, 25.
Head triangular, rounded, slightly broader than long, the angulate front rounded; antennm slender, subequal, a little longer than head and thorax together, the first joint barely surpassing the front of the head, the second joint longest, the succeeding joints successively shorter. Thorax with convex sides, the anterior al)out three-fourths the length of the poste- rior border, the former slightly concave, the latter as slightly convex, the surface faintly punctate, though this does not r.ppear on all individuals Hemelytra with the corium reaching the middle of the abdomen, strongly infuscated with pallid markings, consisting of a broad, pale subcostal stripe which does not reach the membranal suture, and a median triangular patch seated on the same suture, besides which a pale, slender stripe follows the sutura clavi. Abdomen full and rounded.
Length of body, S.!™" ; breadth, 1.2""" ; length of antennje, 1.4'-".
Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 5801, 6366, 6550, 7609, 9674, 11757, 12060, 12459.
mmmm^
396
TKHTIAHY INSKCTS OK NOIM'll AMKIflUA.
*2. Tkaim'.zonotus stvoiai-is, PI. :>7, yif.. II.
Tloiul roundly triiiufriiliu-, its sides continuing tlio courso of the oblique sides of tlio tiionix, u littlo l.roader tiuin long, tlio front well rounded: Hutonno slender and equal, .hardly so lon<'as the head and thorax together, tho rirst joint not surpassing tiie head. Thorax transverse, more than half as broad again as long, broadest in the middle of the posterior half, fho sides strfingly roundud, tapering lorw^vrd so that the anterior margin is oidy two-thirds as long a-i tho whoh^ width of the thorax, the rront margin slightly and roundly emarginato, tho hind bonier gently convex. Ileme- lylra just renclung the end of the abclonuMi, tlui corium extending hardly past the middle of the same, this latter rather pale testaceous, with tin* whole costal r(>gion pallid, besicbs longitudinal pallid streaks toward th(> sutura cla\ i : membrane clea;-. .Vbdomen full and rounded.
Lengtli of l)o<ly, ».;{"""; breadth, l.S"""; length i»f auteniue, 1.5™'".
Flori.ssani. ()m»> specimen, No. 9302.
^
¥ ?
m
ill
■ h
l->. MXN.KA gen. nov. (Linm<).
A genus of K'iiypiirochroiniiriu closely allieil to Uouatas Distant, but from which it is readily distinguished by the smaller head and shorter antenna', the ftr.st joint of which barely surpas.sos the head. The head is not mon>, often less, thr.n hiilf ;i,s broad as the thorax, nearly as long as broad, and scarcely cngulated in front; the antennjy are oidy as long as the head and thorax togetlior, the second joint the laugest, scarcely increas- ing in si/,( apically, the third and fourth successively thoujrh but sli-Hitlv siiorter, tho third shaped like the second, the fourth not inerassatetl, all smooth. Thorax very broad, bro idest posteriorly, the sides fidl. Heme- lytra Just surpassing the abdo;neii, the corium occupying about three-fifths of the whole. Legs, and especially the fore feme, a, stout.
Probably the use of Liuna^a in botany has prevented its use in zoology, but the time is long past who!« such restrictions have any value. There is no conceivable way in which the use of the same term for a livin<r .Vlpine riower and a i'ertiary bug can cause confusion or be inconvenient.
Several species occur in the North American Tertiaries, but only at Florissant: wliib but for th(>ir much longer antenna? and slighter foi-e
^
HHMIPTKUA— IIKTKKUI'TKHA — LYO.Kin.K. 397
fciuoiji r should bo inclined to pliico liore two of tlio fossil species found iit Aix in IVoveueo (Olig-ocene) and liorotofoiv referred to Pachymerus, \ iz, 1*. fasciatus Heerand P. puleliellus Heer, which much reaend)lrt our first two species.
l\Mf of (Ai' «^)(d>» of l,in« ki,
iMeiiilir»iio of fho lioipolytra Uisiinotly miirkoil vvilh l)roi«l, iirniuto, InngttiKliiml Htripow.
Til. mix wry rn|ii(lly iiivrrnwiiin in (lio milciinr toiirth ' I., hnlminii.
Thcirax iiarrowiiig only a litrUi In the nntcriur (oiirth 'i. /,. puliinmi.
Moiiibriuio »r tlio hoiiu'lytrit cloar. Coriiim ino!<tly oUscnro.
Anterior outer ungles of tbe (borax so rounded that llie curve of the anterior half of the thorn »
Ie nlnioHt uniform ;). i, aholila.
Anterior outer angles dint^not thoUKli rounded .1. f„ I'tirrmiln.
(Murium mostly clenr.
Costal margin dinti notly thouKli rather narrowly teNtacemiH ; n t of ooriuui clear . . ft. /,. irolnla.
In addition to the thickening of the I'ostal nutrgiu, teNtuceouH i "otei . s fringe the menihnumi
suture and mark the outer tip of tlu) corinm «. t. gravida.
1. lilNN.KA UOUMESII.
ri. 2;{, FiK. 10.
Head alifrhtly broader than lon}>\ wtdl ronndetl, tho front entirel}- without angulation. Thora:; half as broad again as long, the sides strongly arcuate, the anterior iniu'gin only about half as long as tlie posterittr (in which point it is wrongly represented on the pla,to\ which is slightly eninrginate iif the bnvse of the scutelhnn, the surface snioolh. Ifeniclytra with the corinm very dark testatuious, deepening ai)ici«lly, with a pallid sutura davi, ami a subcostal streak, besides a small triangidar spot on the membranal suture just without the sutura davi ; membrane with four pale testaceous. (>quidis- tant, slightly arcuate, longitudinal streaks, the outer occupying, respectively, the costal an;l inner margins, originating at a little space l)eyoml the men»- branal suture and running to the outer margin, the intei-apacea perfectly clear.
Length of body, .{..{r)""" ; breadth, l.liV"'": length of antenna', 1.4""".
Named for Mr. \V. If. Holmes, geologist, archeologist, and artist of the Hayden Survey.
Florissant. One specinion. No. 2320.
2. LlNN.«A I'lTTNAMl.
PI. 23, Fig. 4.
This species closely resembles the precediiig in general Jippearante, but diflfers from it in important details in those parts which can bo com-
398
TEKTIARY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMEBICA.
pared. Uiifortmiately the head is not well preserved and the thonix is defective, but the latter can be seen to be nearly <t8 broad in front as behind, with decided '.hough rounded angles in front and with a faintly punctate surfiice. It is of a very dark color ; the corium, which is scarcely less dark than the body, shows only a slender pallid line at the sutura clavi and along the principal vein, which passes down the middle and forks in the middle of the outer half of the corium, much fainter after forking. The membrane is marked as in L. holmesii, but the stripe on the inner margin is very faint.
Length of body, 3.35""'; breadth, 1.25"".
Named for my fellow student in science, Prof. F. W. Putnam, of Cambridge.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5>^73.
3. Linn.^:a aholita.
Head exceptionally small and rounded, not more than a third as broad as the thorax, the front in no v/ay angulate. Thorax with the posterior lobe distinctly separated from the anterior and rather less than half as long as it; anterior lobe very rapidly narrowing with oblique but slightly arcu- ate sides, so that the front margin is scarcely more than a third as wide as the thorax, and the front half of the thorax has one nearly uniform curve ; the posterior lobe again narrows or is slightly constricted ; surface smooth Hemelytra with the corium uniformly dark fuliginous, membrane clear. Abdomen very full and rounded.
Length, 3.75""" ; breadth, 1.4""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1918.
■h]
4. Linn^:a oaucerata.
PI. 23, Fig. 2.
Head small, less than half as broad as the thorax, almost as long as broad, the front well rounded ; antennu' shorter than the head and thorax. Thorax very l)roHd, twice as broad as long, the sides very strongly rounded and full, the anterior hardly shorter than the posterior margin, with no dis- tinct separation into anterior and posterior lobes, the surface smooth, with a slight median suKation. Hemelytra pale testaceous, with large and irreg- ular pallid blotcLos covorlug utmrly half the corium but not invading the
Jd
ml
HEMIPTEEA— HETEKOPTEEA— L YG^ ID.E.
399
»*»
apex; membrane clear. Abdomen narrower than the thorax, with parallel sides and broadly rounded apex, and half as long again as broad.
Length of body, 3.5b"""; breadth of thorax, l.SS""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 5793, 9692, 12096, 12464.
5. LiNNiEA EVOLUTA.
PI. 23, Fig. 21.
Head much broader than long, the front broadly angled ; basal joint of anten.iae not surpassing the head, the last joint two-thirds the length of the second ; rostrum reaching the posterior extremity of the fore coxae. Thorax transversely striate, the posterior half with parallel sides, continuous with the equally broad abdomen, the anterior half rapidly narrowing with oblique arcuate sides, so that the anterior border is about two-thirds as long as the posterior and as long as the length of the thorax. Hemelytra with the corium clear, except for a faint cloudiness which is a Httle intensified in a costal margin, the veins marked with serial punctures; membrane clear. Abdomen parallel sided, broadly rounded apically, about half as long again as broad.
Length, 3M""" ; breadth, 1.4""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6840, 7233.
6. LlNN^A GRAVIDA.
PI. 23, Fig. 19.
Head small, apparently rather less than half as broad as the thorax, shorter than broad, the front broadly angled ; antennae Avith the basal joint , ist attaining the front of the head, the whole scarcely longer than head and thorax. The latter smooth or scarcely punctate, half as broad again as long, the sides well rounded, tapering forward a little, the outer anterior angles well rounded off, the anterior margin about tMj-thirds the length, of the posterior. Hemelytra with a pale testaceous costal stripe on the corium with the membranal edge marked irregularly with the same, as well as with a stripe following the outer side of the sutura clavi and anrtther down the middle of the corium ; membrane clear Abdomen full, about hnlf as long again as broad. This species is slightly larger than any of the otherss.
Length, -l.b""" ; breadth, 1.75""'.
Floriasant. Four specimens, Nos. 2966, 4994, K'ilO, 10882.
400
THRTIAUV IN!SE{"rS OF NOliTII AMKKIOA.
11
1 I !
Ill a «
h
13. RHYPAROCHROxMUS Curtis.
A single fossil was formerly referred to this genus by me, which seems rather to belong to the Acanthiidfp. But another from Florissant may more rightly claim a place here, and is the only fossil species known. The genus is now feebly represented in Nortii America, a single species occurring in the United States and another in Guatemala, while a number are recorded from Europe.
Rhyparochromuis verrtllii. PI. 23, Figs. 15, 3(».
Head .larrower than the thorax, barely broader than long, rounded subtriangular ; antennte just about a.« long as head and thorax together. Tliorax subquadrate, narrowing gently, the truncate anterior margin five- sixths the length orthe posterior, the whole iis long as its anterior breadth, the anterior lobe three times as long as the posterior, the sides full and rounded, very fee*bly separated from the posterior iobe, the surface fainth- punctate. Henielytra with the corinm reaching the middle of the hinder half of the abdomen, heavily infuscated, but the sutura clavi always marked by a pallid line, and sometimes the corium marked with pallid after the style of Trapezonotns exterminatus of the same beds.
Length, 3.5""" ; breadth, 1.25""".
Named for the distinguished Yale zoologist, PrM'. A E. Verrill.
Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1511, 2027, 2050, 3160, 5270, IISM4, 11210.
14. PACHYMERUS St. Fargeau and Serville.
This group, as restricted by Stal, is composed wholly of Old World forms, and is closely related to Rhyparochromus. To it have been i-eferred a considerable number of fossil Heteroptera, fifteen species in alV but oidy two or three of them at the most can by any possibility be regarded as belonging to the genus in its now restricted form ; these would be, besides the one given below, a single species each at Aix and Oeningen and in amber.
I In ray Systematic review of fossil Insects (BtiH. IT. S. Gool. Surv., No. 31, p. 63), I havesaiil sov- niiteen, h.iviii« wroiigly j[ivt>n crwiit (o Raloboj ml tiinbnr for one moro Hpoci..s piioIi (hnn tlicy liuve,
HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— LYG^ID^.
401
« 9
4-
Pachymerus petrensis,
ri. a, Figs. 70, 71. Pachymerus petrenm Soudd.. Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 761 (IWT).
A single specime , of which most of the right half is destroyed, repre- sents tliis species, wliich is placed here provisionally, principally because it appears to be closely related to fossil species put in this group by Heer. It seems to be a larva, and to belong to the Myodochina in the vicinity of Eremocoris. The outline of the head is vague and broken, but the front is apparently bent at a right angle. The antennae are about half as long as the body, four-jcintt^ basul joint only about half as long again as
broad, the others subequal, very slightly smaller at the base than at tin apex, but otherwise equal, the second a very little the longest, the last pointed at the tip. Thorax and abdomen of about equal length, the former equally broad throughout (or nearly so) ; the fore and middle femora short and stout, about as long as their separation from each other. Abdomen expanding suddenly at the base, so that the second segment is broadest and apparently half as broad again as the thorax, beyond tapering rather rap- idly to a rounded tip.
Length of body, 3"""; antennae, 1.5""™; fore femora, 0.35°"°. • Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
15. TIROMERUS gen. nov. {reipco, jur/p6?).
Head broadly triangular, as broad as front of thorax, the front angularly rounded, the eyes basal ; anteimae much more than half as long as the body, the first joint distinctly surpassing the head, the second very slender and almost as long as the third and fourth together, these subequal, the last slightly incrassated. Thorax transverse, trapezoidal, tapering gently, the sides more or less but not much ampliated, with no distinct division into anterior and posterior lobes. Hemelytra with the corium barely reaching the middle of the abdomen.
The genus appears to be allied to Rhyparochromus, but the relative length of tho second joint of the antennae separates it from any existing genus with which it appears comparable. Two species are found at Flor- issant, which may perhaps be generically distinct, in which case T. torpefactus should be regarded as typical.
Table of the »pecie$ of Tiromerua.
Thorax much less thaa twice as broad aa long i. T. torpefaotut.
Thorax fully twice as broad uh long j. x. tabijtiiiia.
VOL XIII 26
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402
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTO AMERICA.
1. T1ROMERU8 TOKPEPAC1J8.
Sides of body nearly straifj^ht and enlurn^ing slightly from the head to the middle of the abdomen Head about twice as broad as long-, the front roundly produced in front of the eyes. Antennae very slender, extending, if stretched along the body, beyond the commissura. Rostrum extending to the middle coxaj. Thorax flat, gently tapering, with hardly any fullness, the length about two-thirds the breadtli, its breadth at apex five-sixths that at base, the angles scarcely rounded, the front margin roundly, regularly, and slightly emarginate, the surface faintly wrinkled transversely. Heme- lytra with the corium reaching the middle of the abdomen, apparently almost clear, but for a costal thickening of a testaceous colo.
Length, 3'""'; breadth of base of thorax, 1.3""" ; length of antennae, 2""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1214.
2. TiROMERUS TABIFLUUS.
Whole body of a very regular oval shape, the largest end posterior. Head about half as broad again as long, the front angularly produced but with the extreme front wAl rounded ; rostrum reai'.hing at least the fore coxa;, and apparently the middle pair ; otdy the basal part of the anteniut preserved. Tiiorax almo.st flat, distinctly and considerably tapering, but short, with full sides, a little more than twice an broad as long, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base, the front margin roundly, regu- larly, and not slightly emarginate, the surface faintly and finely punctate Hemel}^ tra with the corium not extending beyond the middle of the abdomen or hardly reachiiig it, the membranal suture transversely oblique, the corium ajjixirently cleiar.
Length, 3.25°""; breadth in middle of body, 1.5°"°.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2475.
16. LITllOCHROMUS gen. nov. (yOo?, xpwua).
Head moderate, rounded subtriangular, of about equa^ length and breadtli, the front distinctly angulate, the eyes small and globular, situated in the middle, away from the base ; antenuie nearly or quite half as long as the body, the last joint scarcely or not incrassated ; the first joint just or barely siu'passea the front, the second is long and slender, and with the first
HEMIPTEKA— HETEltOPTEKA— LYG.E1D^. 403
equal or almost equal to the last two together, these subequal. Thorax transverse, usually only half as broad again as long, broadest at the base or slightly before the base, narrowing in front so that the head is never more than half as broad as the thorax, often with a slight triangular depres- sion at apex, with no distinct posterior lobe. Legs, especially the femora, moderately stout. Hemelytra with the corium reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, but not far.
Four species have been distinguished in the Florissant shales.
Table of the speoiet of Lithoohromtu.
Thorax broadest at base ; first two joints of antenuiu together as long as the last two.
Thorax iinpniiotate or scarcely puiictate, longer Chun the width of the head ; corium of hemelytra
pbscnre 1. L. gardneri.
Thorax panctate, only as long as the width of the bead, corinm of hemelytra clear.
Thorax more than one-half as long again as the head 'i. L. obslrictim.
Thorax less than one-half as long again as the head 3. L. morluarius.
Thorax broadest before the base ; first two joints of antennse together slightly shorter than the last two 4. L. extraneim.
1. LiTHOCHROMUS GARDNERI.
PI. 26, Fig. 10; PI. 27, Fig. 8.
Antennae as long as the head, thorax, and half of the scutellum. Thorax trapezoidal, longer than the width of the head, less than half as broad again as long, the sides scarcely convex, the apex nearly five-sixths the length of the base, the outer anterior angles a little rounded ; the front transverse or slightly emarginate ; a slight triangular depression broader than long occupies the whole front margin ; surface impunctate or scarcely punctate, as is also the scutellum. Corium of the hemelytra obscure dark fuscous, with pallid longitudinal strigae which scarcely affect the outer apex ; membrane showing faint, longitudinal, pale testaceous strigse.
Length, 5°"° ; breadth, 2°"°.
Named for Mr. James T. Gardner, geogi'apher of the Hayden Survey.
Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1092, 2577, 3947, 4717, 9837, 10076, 14204.
2. LiTHOCHROMUS OB8TRICTU8.
Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, only as long as the width of the head, more than half as long again as the head ; the sides pretty strongly oblique and slightly convex ; the apex about three-quarters the length of the base ; front margin regularly, broadly, and considerably
:^^:..-L
4D4
TEllTIARY INSECTS OP NORTI' \MERIOA.
m
ll
emargiiiate ; a slight median siilcation, but scarcely any sign of r. depres- sion at the apex. Surface nearly smooth, but coarsely, distantly, and faintly punctate. Coriuni of hemclytra clear.
Length, 5 2.5""'; breadth, 2. 1""».
Florissanu One specimen. No. 6390.
3. LiTHOCHROMUS MORTUARIU8.
PI. 26, Fig. 2.
AntennfB slightly longer than head and thorax together. Thorax sub- quadrangular, less than half as broad again as long, less than half as long again as the )iead, and only as long as the width of the head, broadest before the base, wiMi rather strongly convex sides, tapering only in the apical half, but rapidly; the apex three-fourths the length of the base; a dis- tinct posterior lobe not one-fourth the length of the anterior; the front mar- gin transverse or very slightly emarginate, witli a distinct triangular ante- rior depression, twice as broad as long, the apex broadly rounded ; surface indistinctly punctate. Corium of hemelytra blackish fuscous ; membrane witli slight marks of longitudinal infuscation.
Length, 4.6'""' ; breadth of base of thorax, 1.85""° ; abdomen, 2.25'°"'.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 4644, 11220.
4. LiTHOCHROMUS ESTRANEUS.
PI. 26, Fig. 6.
The single specimen is preserved only upon a side view, and is on that account difficult to compare with the others absolutely. The head appears to be of unusual length, being apparently about five-sixths the length of the thorax, and is smooth ; the antermae are exceptionally stout and are some- what longer than the head and thorax together ; the first two joints together slightly shorter than the last two ; the first and second joints increase very slightly in size next the apex, and are truncate at tip ; the last joint scarcely enlarges toward the tip, which is rounded. Thorax apparently tapering from a little before the base, somewhat tumid, and punctate ; corium of hemelytra clear, or very slightly obscured, punctate throughout, but more densely along the principal veins ; membrane clear.
Length, b.b""" ; of corium of hemelytra, 2.75""°.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 13660.
HEMIPTKUA-HETEUOPTKRA— LYd/EIDyE.
405
17. COPTOCHROMUS ^en. nov. {xottti'?, xpmpia).
Head rounded triangular, fully as long as broad, as broad as the apex of the thorax ; the eyes small, globular, median, the front between them advanced considerably, and roundly angulated ; antenna; shorter than in the preceding genus, longer than in the succeeding genera, being longer than head and thorax together, but considerably less than half the length of the body; first joint distinctly, though not considerably, surpassing the front, the first and second together shorter than the remainder of the antennas, the third and fourth subequal and not at all incrassated. Thorax transverse, considerably less than twice as broad as long, decidedly longer than the head, broadest at the base, the anterior lateral margins strongly rounded, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base ; no noticeable posterior lobe. Legs and hemelytra as in the preceding genus. A single species occurs at Florissant.
CoPTOCHROMUS MANIUM.
Antennae of nearly uniform diameter throughout. Thorax trapezoidal with the outer anterior angles strongly rounded; the thorax tapering rapidly only at the extreme apex; front mm gin gently emarginace, a very broad, rounded, subtriangular, anterior depression three or four times as broad as long occupying the whole apex ; a distinct median carina ; sur- face smooth. Corium of hemelytra varymg from pale testaceous to fuscous, more heavily marked along the costal margin ; the whole surface faintly and uniformly punctate ; membrane clear.
Length, 4.6""" ; breadth, 2""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 5248, 6270, 6449, 9046,
18. PROLYG-^US gen. nov. {rrpo, Lygajus, nom. gen.)
Body of a very regularly ova' form less than twice as long as broad. Head rather small, with the eyes rather narrower than the reduced front of the thorax, as long as broad, the eyes situated in the middle of the head, and the front produced in advance of them as a broad quadrate mass ; antennae as long as the head and thorax, the first joint not surpassing, prob- ably just reaching, tho front, the last two longer than the first two joints, subequal and slightly incrassated. Thorax very transverse, nearly thvee
406
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
I
times as broad as long, the posterior lobe more than one-third of the whole, tapering pretty regularly and very considerably from base to apex, which is not more than two-thirds as long as the base. Femora stout and large. Hemelytra with the corium extending a little beyond the middle of the abdomen.
A single species is found at Florissant.
pR0L,V«iEi;S INUNDATU8. PI. 27, Fig. Hi.
Head very faintly and finely punctate, oblique sides of the thorax gently convex, front margin of thorax marginate and broadly and slightly emarginate; surface distinctly, rather distantly and uniformly punctate. Corium of hemelytra rather heavily punctate in series which are more or less longitudinal.
Length, fi.h""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.85"" ; abdomen, 2.6"".
Florissant. One 8])ecimen, No. 6299.
19. NPXROCHROMUS gen. nov. (venpo?, xP<»jua).
Body very regularly oval, the broader end posterior, the abdomen being very full, laterally expanded beyond the costal margins of the closed heme- h'tra, the whole body less than ^vvice as long as broad. Head with the moderately large eyes just as broa 1 as the apex of the thorax, almost as long as broad, being strorgly and angularly produced in front of the eyes, which are situated at or close to the base. Ocelli small, situated close to the eyes on a line with their posterior margin; antenna; as long as head, thorax, and scutellum, the first joint not or but slightly surpassing the front, the other joints su jequal, the fourth slightly the longest, the third shortest, the last two gently incrassated. Taorax transverse, broadest at base, tapering rather or very rapidly, scarcely longer than the head, the sides convex, the obscure posterior lobe rather less thf" one-fourth of the whole. Legs, or at least the femora, pretty stout. Hemelytra with the corium surpassing the middle of the abdouien to a greater or less degree.
Three species are known, all from Florissant.
Table of the gpeciea of Necroohromut.
Thurax iiboiit Iwice as broad as long.
Apex of thorax more than thrue-fourt.hs as long as base; corinm of hemelytra short. 1. N, cockrrelli.
Apex of thorax hardly more than half as loag a:< base; corium of hemelyt.raloiig....'J. If. labaliit. Thorax about half as broad again as long 3. N. laxifiout.
liit
HEMIPTEUA— UETEUUPTEBA— LYOiElDiE.
407
1. NeCROCIIKOMIIH C'OCKEKELLI. PI. 27, Fig. 10.
Head smooth. Thorax fully twice as hroud an lotig, the apox more than three-quarterH the length of the baHe, gently tapering with arcuute sides, the front margin gently and broadly eniarginate with somewhat rounded lateral angles ; sides niarginate and on either side near the margin a gently arcuate sulcus suhparallel to the margin ; the posterior lobe sepa- rated otdy by a slight carination ; whole surface uniforndy and distinctly punctate. Corium of hemelytra relatively short, hardly surpassing the mid- dle of the abdomen, clear, excepting a broad, fusco-fidiginous band along the membranal suture and the fuscous punctate veins ; the whole of the corium is also distantly punctate ; membrane clear, abdomen fusco-fuligi- nous with a broad, submarginal, distinctly bordered, clear band not clearly observable in all specimens.
Length, 6.15°""; breadth of thorax, 2.1.5"""; abdomen, 2.8;)'"'.
Named for Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, the industrious entomologist of Colorado.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 2229, 8139 and 8234, 9086. 10135, 11231.
2. Necrocheomus labatus. PI. 27, Fi^. 14.
Thorax nearly two and a half times as broad as long, only a little longer than the head ; fvpex only three-fifths the breadth of the base, transverse, the sides oblique, gently arcuate, the outer anterior angles scarcely rounded ; the surface uniform, heavily punctate. Corium of hemelytra relatively long, reaching the middle of the outer half of the abdomen, pale testaceous except- ing rather large fuscous spots along the inner half of the membranal suture ; the whole surface punctate ; the veins infuscated ; abdomen as in last species.
Length, S""" ; breadth of thorax, 2 15""; abdomen, 2.8""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 2871.
3. Necrochromus saxificus.
Antennae as long as head, thorax, and scutellum, all but the apical joint dark; the latter clear except for some sliglit blotches. Thorax trapezoidal, hardly half as broad again as long, tapering gently and regularly except
wmmm
1
408
TKUTlAltY INSKOTH OK NORTH AMEHIOA.
for the slight arcuation of the sides from the extreme base ; the apex fully throe-fourths as long as base, the front margin gently eniarginato, the outer angles hardly rounded ; surface j)unctate. Cerium of hemelytra reaching almost to the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, mo-e or less obscure and punctate ; abdomen uniformly dark fuscous, differing from the other species in its relative narrowness, so that it is apparently not expanded laterally beyond the margin of the hemelytra.
Length, 6"'"'; breadth of thorax, 1.8"'"'; abdomen, 2.5°"°.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 8927.
fi ^
20. EXITELUS gen. nov. {ef-irr/Xo?).
The body is long oval, more than twice as long as broad. Head a little broader than long, as broad as the abruptly narrowed apex of the thorax, but hardly half so broad as the base of the thorax ; eyes rather small, nlUi.ited in the middle of the head, the front between them strongly and roundly produced, with no angulation ; antennte as long as head and thorax together, the fir.st joint barely surpassing the front, the last a little incrassated and apparently the longest. Thorax trapezoidal, narrowinji rap- idly from base forward, abruptly at the very apex, not much morr than half as broad again as long, the sides a little convex. Fep.ora stout. Corium of hemelytra extending beyond the middle of the abdomen, which, though full, perhaps does not expand laterally beyond the closed hemelytra.
A single species is known.
EXITEHIS EXSANGUIS. PI. 27, Fig. 2.
Head and thorax fusco-fuliginous, the lat<^er with a median sulcation, both smooth, though the scutellum is faintly pu ictate ; front margin of the thorax slightly eniarginate. Corium of hemelytra reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, fuliginous with a central faint pallid spot, faintly punctate; abdomen fusco-fuliginous with a premarginal, broad, clearly defined, pale belt which traverses the abdomen in equal breadth just beyond the scutellum.
Length, 4.85"'"' ; breadth of thorax, l.O"""" ; abdomen, 2""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. fifi.")G.
1
I
]
HKMIPTEKA— HETERUPTEKA— LVG^JID^.
409
J
21. CRYPTOCHROMIIS gen. nov. (xpuTTo?, jtpoJ/^a).
Body of an oval shape, a very little more than twice cih long as broad. Head large, distinctly broader than the apex of the thorax, fully half as broad agaii- as long, the front but slightly advanced before the eyes, very broadly angulate. F^yes very huge, half as long as the thorax, hemispher- ical, occupying the entire narrowed side of the head. Antenna; as long as head and thorax, the first joint scarcely surpassing the head, the other joints subequal in length, the second very slender, the fourth distinctly incrassate. Thorax trapezoidal, a little more than twice as broad as long, flattened, broadest at base, narrowing gently in advance, the sides gently arcuate, the apex two-thirds as broad as the base. Corium of henielytra reaching beyond the middle of the apical half of the abdomen.
One species only is known, from Florissant
Cryptochromits letatus.
Head, thorax, scutellum, and hemelytra, the latter perhaps to a less extent than the other parts, blackish fuscous, finely and uniformly punctate. Thorax about two and a quarter times as broad as long, the front margin roundly emarginate, the hind margin transverse, the posterior considerabh' longer than the anterior lobe ; a slight median sulcation. Corium of heme- lytra strongly infuscated, very long, reaching to the last abdominal joint, the membranal suture very oblique ; abdomen fusco-fuliginous.
Length, 4.15""'; breadth of thorax, 2™"; abdomen, 2.15°"".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 4487 and 11655.
Subfamily PYRRHOOORINA Stal. This peculiar group, by many regarded as deserving family rank, has never before been found fossil. The Florissant beds, however, yield two spe''ie8, which I have referred to Dysdercus.
DYSDERCUS Amyot and Serville.
To this genus, found all over the world, but not so rich in species with us as in the Old World, an inhabitant mostly of warm climates, and repre- sented in the United States only in the southern portion, a couple of Flor- issant forms appear to belong. It hns iiot before been recognized in a fossil
■H
410
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
stp.te, but it is quite possible that some of the undescribed species in the European Tertiaries referred to Lygieus may be found on examination to belong- here or to other Pyrrhocorina, since the two species found at Floris- sant closely resemble the species of LygjBUs from the same beds, and until their want of ocelli was noted were placed next to them.
Table of the »pecieii of Dymlircua.
Middle of body belted with a .'lit bnnd 1. /). cincliis.
Body uniform in color 2. 7). iinicoJoi:
1. DySDERCUS CINCTU8. PL 24, Figs. 11, 13, 14.
Head rounde 1, subtriangular, the front broadly rounded v/ith a slifyht angulation (Fig. 13 is inaccurate, having been drawn before the stone was broken away from the head). Surface transversely and finely ct)rrugated, otherwise smooth. Thorax coarsely, obscurely, and distantlj' punctate, as are also the femora. IMie scutellum appears to be nearly smooth. Heme- lytra finely punctate along impressed lines folK)wing the course of the prin- cipal veins. Whole body dark, but transversely banded with lighter color in a rather broad belt, which crosses the posterior half of the thorax and more distinctly traverses the body and closed hemelytra at the tip of the scutellum.
Length of body, 8.65"""; antennae, 3.75"""'; breadth of Ijody, 3.5""".
Florissant. Nine specimens, Nos. 142G, 1745, 3199, 4248, 58G5, 7161, 9890, 10303, 13561. One of the specimens figured, No. 5865, was lislaid ai the time of description of the species, but undoubtedly belongs here.
2. Dysderctts unicolor.
Body uniformly dark fuscouS throughout, with no indication of any transverse lighter-colored bands. Head smooth, antenuic concolorous. Thorax and scutellum very coarsely and distantly punctate. The abdomen similarly but more obscurely and still more distantly punctate, the closed hemelytra slightly surpassing its extremity.
Length, including the closed hemelytra, 8.5"""; antenna?, 3.5"'"; breadth, ^.S'"".
■f lorissant. Two specimens, Nos. 3230, 10340.
4
|!i i
I
HBMIPTBBA— HETBROPTBRA— OOKEID^.
411
J
Family COREID^E Stephens.
The members of this large family do not appear to have been recov- ered from the rocks in any great variety of forms, and from amber but a single species is loown. The Coreina and Alydinie appear to have been far the most abundant among the subfamilies, the former prevailing in Europe, the latter in America ; in America much the greater number of all the species, and genera as well, belong' to the Alydime, a somewhat 1 emarkable fact in view of the relatively slight importance of this group to-day. The Corizida were next in importance, a few species being found botii in Europe and America. The otl.^r subfamilies represented are the Pseudophloeina, which occurs only in America and in a single genus, which appears, however, to have been very common ; and tiie Berytina, found only in Europe, and the oidy subfamily represented in amber. Excepting one Coriaus, all the American species that have been found have occurred only at Florissant
Subfamily COREINA St&l.
This subfamily is better represented in the European Tertiaiies than in our own. where it has so far been (ietected only at Florissant. In Europe we find a dozen- species of half as many genera, of which one, Palaeocoris Heer, with a single species from Radoboj, is regarded as extinct, and another, Coreites, with three species from Oeningen and Radoboj, is used only as a magazine for impc^rfectly ''nown i"orms. The other genera are Syromastes, with four species from Oeningen, Spartocera, with two from Radoboj, and single apecies of Ilypselonotus at Oeningen, and Leptoscelis at Sieblos. Besides Sevres states that two small species of Coreus (used in a general sense) occur at Aix.
None of these at all resemble in pny particular manner the forms we finA at Florissant, where all the species but one have to be referred to extinct genera, and the one exception may require a similar reference when better known. There aio, however, but four genera with nina species. In two of them, one containing four species, it is difficult to determine in what relation they stand to existing types on account of the peculiarities of tiie neuration of the hemelytra. A third, Piezocoris, with three species, is remorkable for its large head, but otherwise does not greatly differ from
412
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Anasa, to fvhich the remaining species is referred. In all the antennae are brief and have the joints beyond the basal of more than usual equality.
Table of the genera of Coreina.
Head not more thau half as long as the thorax 1. Anasa.
Ilenil lucre thau half a8 long as the thorax.
An obliqne vein riinuint; from the upper apex of the central celi of the corinm to the cjsta, Inclos- ing a large rbomboida' cell at the apex of the corium.
Head and thorax of subeiiual length 2. Achrextocoria.
Head much shorter than the thorax 3. Phthinocorit.
No oblique vein nor rhomboidal cell at apex of corium 4. I'iezocoris.
1. ANASA Amyot and Serville.
This American genus, rich in species in tropical and subtropical regions and with at least twenty s{.ecies in North America having a great variety of form and general appears^nce, is best known to the public by our com- mon odoriferous " squash-bug." The genus has never before been found fossil, but occurs in a single instance at Florissant, the species being some- what peculiar in the form of the anterior half of the thorax.
Anas^ priscoputida. PI. 24, Fig. 4.
Head rounded triangular, together with the eyet rather more than half the width of the front lobe of the thorax, of about equal length and breadth, the front strongly protruded in advance of the eyes. Antennae somewhat more than half as long as the body, the first joint but little stouter than the others, cylindrical, scarcely shorter than the head, the second and fourth Hubequal, the third smaller. Thorax fully double the length of the head, the anterior and posterior lobes very distinct in their form and struct- ure, the posterior occupying two-thirds of the length with rounded alations, ^\hich increase its breadth nearly one-third ; surface distantly and rather finely granulate, except along its anterior edge, where the granulations are larger and more crowded ; except for the alations the sides are straight ; anterior lobe very rapidly tapering in front, the sides strongly oblique and well rounded ; the front margin gently and broadly emarginate ; the surface smooth like the head, except for a few granulations along the anterior mar- gin and lateral edges. Scutellum large, triangular, granulate like the pos- terior lobe of the thorax. Corium and davus of the hemelvtra distantly
fi ! II'
HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— COREID^.
413
punctate in linear rows. Legs slender, the anterior femora longer than the breadth of the body. Abdomen long and rather narrow with straight sides tapering apically.
Length of body, 7°""; breadth of posterior lobe of thorax, 2.8" abdomen, 2.25""" ; length of antennae, 4°°'.
Florissant One specimen, No. 13314.
^mci ,
<»
2. ACHRESTOCORIS gen. nov. {dxprfaro?, Hopt?).
This genus and the following are remarkable for the neuration of the coriura of the hemelytra, where an oblique vein runs from the upper apex of the central cell to the costa, in addition to the two other veins running from the extremity of the cell to the membrane, and so inclosing between itself and the upper of these two usual veins a large rhombnidal cell at the apex of tlie corium. In the present genus the thorax is exceptionally short, being no longer than, if as long as, the small head. The head is subquad- rate, slightly longer than broad, less than half as wide as the base of the thorax, not much produced in front of the antennae. Antennae not preserved in any of the specimens. P^yes large and rather prominent, ocelli minute, circular, more than twice as near the eyes as each other, opposite the middle of the posterior half of the eyes. Thorax with truncate base, the sides tapering rapidly to the narrow apex, the apical margin gently, regularly, and roundly emarginate, the whole more than twice as long as broad. Scutellum very large, triangular, broader than long. Corium of hemelytra large, reaching nearly to the tip of the abdomen, which the membrane appears to surpass slightly. Membranal margin straight, very oblique Abdomen large and rather full, half as long again as broad.
A single species is known.
ACHRESTOCOBIS CINERARIUS. PI. 22, Fig. 1.
Body robust, but little more than twice as long as broad. Head very fi.iely granulate, intraocular space about half as wide as the length of the head; the color black. Thorax blackish fuscous with coarse and faint punctae, not very close together; sides with very sl'ght ampliations; rest of the body black or blackish fuscous. Hemelytra fusco-fuliginous with dusky
\
414
TERTIA.BY INSECTS OF NOBTH AMERICA.
veins ; a broad band crossing the base of the abdomen and including the hemelytra of a reddish fuscous color.
Length of body, 8.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 3°"° ; breadth of middle of abdomen, 3.6""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 4480, 11223, 11234, 12085.
If
m
3. PHTHINOCORIS gen. nov. {.pO/yco, Kcpn).
This genus agrees closely with the last except that the thorax is much longer, the head being distinctly shorter than it. It is of a similar robust form. The head is similarly shaped and well rounded ; the eyes are large, the ocelli small and circular, as near together as to the eyes and opposite the middle of the same. The antenniB are scarcely half as long as the body, the basal joint moderately stout but short, not half so long as the head, the other joints subequal, but the fourth the smallest and scarcely incrassated. Thorax fully twice as broad as the head, tapering forward with rounded ampliated sides, more or less distinctly separated into an anterior and posterior lobe (the anterior very short) by a transverse f^light sulcation, sometimes marked by a series of granules. Hemelytra with the same structure as to the venation as in Achrestocoris, the central cell remarkably short, its apex being scarcely beyond tlie center of the corium ; membrane slightly exceeding the abdomen ; this latter shaped as in Achrestocoris.
Four species are known.
Tabic of the $peeiti$ of PhthinooorU.
Head much shorter than thorax ; speoies of medium size.
Thorax almost twice as broad at base as long t. p, colligatiu.
Thorax much less thiin twice as broad at base as long -. 2. P. letha'gicus.
Head and thorax of subequal length.
Species of small size (measuring about B-S""™ in length); head not broader than long, delicately
granulate 3. p, lamiuidua.
Species of large size (measuring about 9.5""» in length); head broader than long, coarsely and obsourely granulate 4. p.p^trceiu.
1. Phthinocohis COLLIQATUS. PI. 22, Fig. 3.
Head imperfectly preserved but plainly triangular, the surface nearly smooth, but beset with a fine granulation. Thorax nearly twice as long as the head, not quite twice as broad as long, the sides nearly straight and
HBMIPTER^— uETEEOPTEEA— COREID^.
415
regularly tapering ; the surface black or blackish fuscous and finely granu- late, a row of granules marking the limitations of the two lobes. Scutellum finely granulate, black. Hemelytra fusco-fuliginous, the membrane fainter; the coriuni long, reaching almost to the extremity of the abdomen , the sutura clavi marked by a pallid line ; the surface of the whole more or less finely punctate.
Length of body, 8"" ; breadth of thorax, S"™.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 6371.
2. Phthinocokis lethargicus. PL 26, Fig. 17; PI. 27, Fig. 17.
Head blackish fuscous, nearly smooth, but with fine transverse corru- gations ; the antennae of the same color. Thorax reddish fuscous except along the posterior margin, which with the whole scutellum and the base of the hemelytra beside it is blackish, forming a broad, transverse belt across the body ; the sides of the thorax full, ampliated, the thorax tapering much more rapidly in the anterior than in the posterior half, the separation of the anterior and posterior lobes marked by a fine row of granules ; the surface otherwise nearly smooth but faintly and coarsely granulosa Scutellum finely corrugate. Hemelytra pale fusco-fuliginous, the membrane nearly pallid, the veins all marked with fuscous in series of punctures upon either side ; corium rather shorter than in the preceding species.
Length of body, 8.65""° ; breadth of thorax, 2.5""" ; abdomen, 3.5""" ; length of antennae, 3.5""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 6370, 8740, 9632.
3. Phthinocokis lanouidus. PI. 27, Fig. 6.
The smallest of the species. Head rounded, of about equal length and breadth, the eyes only moderately large, globular, the surface of the head finely granulate. Antennae slender but short, not half the length of the body, black like the head ; indeed the whole body is black. Thorax just about as long as the head, more coarsely granulate than it, more than twice as broad as long, the sides tapering but regularly rounded, Corium of
416
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
hemelytra rather heavily but not very deeply punctate, the punctae distrib- uted only in part in longitudinal series and not confined to the veins ; the corium about as long as in the preceding species, or rather shorter; not so short as represented in the figure, but extending as far as the membrane is there represented. Legs short but slender.
Length of body, 6.65""° ; of antenna},2.25°"" ; breadth of thorax, 2 25"""' Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 9451 and 10961, 10613, 12256.
4. PhTHINOCORIS PETRvEUS.
This species is represented by specimens less well preserved than the others, but differs from them ali in its much larger size and in the structure of the thorax. The head is distinctly broader than long, more than half as broad as the thorax, distantly and very finely granulate ; the basal joint of the antennae is pretty stout, but very short and but little surpasses the front of the head. The thorax is twice as broad as long, the sides tapering rapidly but full, the surface coarsely and very distantly granulate ; the whole body is black or blackish fuscous with faint signs, in some instances at least, of a broad belt of lighter color across the body including in its anterior half the acutellum. Corium of hemelytra marked by coarse distant granulations following th*) veins ; it extends to no great distance before the tip of the abdomen.
Length of body, 9.5'""; breadth of thorax, 3.'."^.
Fk issant. Four specimens, Nos. 7769, 9999, 10366, 11766.
*b
4. PIEZOCORIS, gen. nov. (yrtd^co, xdpi?). .
A genus of Coreina peculiar for the large size of the head ; this is fully one-half, sometimes two-thirds, the width of the thorax, subtriangular in form and well rounded, rather broader than long, the front rectangular, produced in front of the eyes ; the latter are rounded, prominent, the intraocular space being as broad as half the length of the head. AntennaB much as in Phthin- ocoris, the basal joint moderately stout, cylindrical, less than one-half as long as the head, the remaining joints subequal, the second and third slen- der, about half as broad as the basal, the last incrassated, subfusiform, nearly as stout as the basal. Thorax fully as long as the head, tapering, the apical margin more than half as long as the basal. The hemelytra of the
;
i
HBMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— OOREIDiB. 417
ordinary structure. The legs rather short, slender, the hind femora scarcely so long as the width of the abdomen. Three species are known.
Table of the species of Piezoooris.
No distinct dark spot near apex of oorium ; eyes large.
Apical margin of thorax more than half as long as the basal 1. P- peritus.
Apical margin of thorax loss than half as long as the basal a. P- compaelilis.
A distinct darit spot near the apex of oorium ; eyes small a. P. peremptus.
1. PlEZOCOBIS PEEITUS, PI. 25, Fig. 15.
The whole body fusco-fuliginous, tinged more or less with blackish fuscous. Head faintly granulate, excepting next the base, where it is more distinct. Thorax very coarsely and very distantly granulate, the sides nef '.iy straight, the apical margin faintly and roundly emarginate and nearly two-thirds as long as the basal ; scutellum like the thorax. Coriura of heme- lytra very coarsely punctate, especially next the base, reaching very near the extremity of the abdomen, which the membrane considerably surpasses. Legs short, the femora subequal, faintly punctate.
Length of body, 7.5"""; breadthof thorax, 2.8"""; length of antennce, 4""».
Florissant. One specimen, No. 10956.
2. PlEZOCORIS COMPACTILIS.
Whole body black. Head apparently smooth. First joint of antenna; surpassing a little the front of the projecting snout ; second and third joints of the antennai a little pallid. Thorax coarsely but not prominently and rather distantly granulate, the apical margin broadly and roundly emargi- nate, a little more than half as long as the basal, the sides rapidly tapering with slight fullness. Abdomen rather slender and long.
Length of body, 7.5"™; breadth of ';aorax,2.75"'"'; length of antennae, 4""°.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 5731.
3. PlEZOCOBIS? PEREMPTUS. PI. 26, Fig. 14.
Body blackish fuscous mottled with pallid, especially nipon the abdo- men. Head smooth excepting on its posterior border, where it is coarsely
VOL XIII 27
4
418
TERTIARY INSE0T8 OF NORTH AMERICA.
granulate ; eyes very small, globular. Thorax very coarsely and distantly granulate, perhaps a little longer than the head and certainly broader than long. Ilonielytra scarcely showing any veins in the corium, which is pale fuliginous, edged with dark fuscous, and with a large round fuscous spot just before the middle of the membranal margin ; the membranal margin itself infuscated at its two extremities ; membrane more deeply fuscous, especially toward the base and on either side, with numerous veins arising from a transverse vein following the membranal margin ; the extremity of the corium is far before that of the abdomen, which is barely covered by the membrane.
Length of body, 9.65™" ; breadth, at least 3""°.
This species, being preserved only upon a side view, can not be defi- n?to'iy referred to this genus ; but as it agrees better with it than with any of the others and does not furnish characters sufficient for clear generic separation I have preferred to leave it in this place.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5633.
Subfamily ALYDINiE Distant.
Although when compared to the other Coreidaj, this subfamily is to-day but poorly represented in America, whether iu temperate or tropical regions, this was not the case in Tertiary times, for it was fairly well furnished with genera and species, and as for numbers in individuals no group of Heter- optera could compare with it. Most of the eight genera are extinct types and belong to the division of Micrelytraria in the immediate vicinity of Pro- tenor and Darmistus, with slender and unarmed hind femora, but also, as a general rule, with distinctly though delicately and profusely spined hind tibiae. One genus, Rhopocoris, contains the bulk of all, and of the four or five species belonging to it nearly all the specimens obtained belong to two closely allied forms, possibly to be regarded as only one. In Europe but three fossil AlydiniE have been recognized, and these have all been refen-ed to the division Alydaria. One from the brown coal of the Rhine is irrecog- nizable at present, but was referred by Germar to Alydus ; a second from Oeningen is a true Alydus ; and a third, also from Oeningen but unde- scribed, was compared by Heer to Alydus lateralis, now placed in the neighboring genus Camptopus.
HBMIPTBRA— UETKUOPTEUA-COREIU.K. 419
Table of the gemra of fouil .ilyiHna.
Hind femora splnod beneath I. Ca<>a1ydu$.
Hind femora unarmed. .-% r a
Posterior lateral angles of thorax produced as a gpino '*• Cgaamue.
Posterior lateral angles of thorax not produced.
Thorax soarooly narrower at apex than at base 3. rarodarmiitui.
Thorax distinctly tapering from base to apex.
First joint of antennas no longer thau the head.
Head distinctly longer thau the thorax ; first joint of antennio (at least in Protenor) as long as the head. Body slender; thorax tapering gently, of about equal length and breadth.
4. Vrotenor.
Body robust; thorax tapering rapidly, tw'"« b" jroad as long r.. Tenor.
Head and thorax subeqiiul iu length ; first joint of antennaj shorter than the head.
Second joint of aiitennie much longer than either of the others 6. Elirooorit.
Second, third, and fourth joints of antenna) snbeqnal 7 Hhepocorit.
First joint of antennie ranch longer than the head 8. OrthriocoHea.
1. CACALYDUS gen. nov. {HaH6<, Alydus, nom. gen.).
Nearly allied to Alydus but differing from it in the structure of the antennae, which are distinctly shorter than the body ; the first joint about as long as the head, the other three subequal, the terminal joint incrassated gently, but no longer or scarcely longer than the second and third. The head is more than half as broad as the thorax, subquadrate or subrotund, of about equal length and breadth ; the eyes not very strongly prominent. The body is elongate, subequal, the thorax tapering forward to a greater or less degree. The legs moderately stout, the hind femora strongly incras- sated, and on the outer half of their inferior surface armed more or less dis- tinctly with spines. These, unfortunately, are not shown in the drawings of either of the species.
Tahle of the species of Cacalydui.
Snecies of large size (more than eleven millimeters longV, head scarcely constricted behind the eyes. •^ 1. C. laptus.
Species of moderate size (less than nine millimeters long); head strongly constricted behind the eyes. ^ 2. C. exttirpatM.
1. Cacalydus lapsus. PI. 25, Fig. 12. A large species, of which unfortunately but a single specimen is at hand. Intraocular space of the head scarcely equaling one-half the width of the head, the surface rather coarsely, faintly, and transversely corrugate, not constricted in the least behind the eyes, so that there is no neck at the junction of the head and thorax. Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long, tapering but gently, the surface nearly smooth. Fore
420
TEBTIAUY INSECTS OF NOltTH AMERICA.
femora with a median longitudinal carina, not very prominent, middle and liintl femora much enlarged, the hind pair with delicate spines on only the a])ical half of the inferior surface.
Length, 12.4"'"'; breadth of thorax, 2.;}'""'.
Horissant. One specimen, No. 1.508 of the Princeton Collection.
2. Cacalydus exstirpatus. ri. 25, Fig. 3.
Head subrotund, of about equal length and broadth, distinctly con- stricted behind the eyes so as to form with the rapidly tapering thorax a distinct neck ; intraocular part of the head three-fourths the width of the whole ; the sui-ftice coarsely granulate. Thorax trapezoidal, fully one-third as broad again at base as at apex, not very coarsely granulose. Legs rather slender, the middle femora agreeing better with the fore femora than with the hind ; the hind femora much swollen, armed on the inferior sur- face at and a little beyond the middle with six or seven large, coarse, irregu- lar, flattened, spinous denticulations ; the basal third of the same femora lighter colored than the rest of the femur.
Length of body, 7.2.5 "'"' ; breadth of thorax, 2"".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 6628, 10709, 12102, 13311.
2. CYDAMUS Stai.
This genus comprises, as far as known, only four or five tropical and subtropical American species. The one which we here add from Florissant can be placed here only provisionally, as it does not agree in many striking features with the modern forms. In particular the body is more robust, not slender and elongate, as in the modern types. With this exception, it has never been recognized in a fossil state.
CyDAMUS KOBUSTU8.
PI. 26, Fig. 3.
Head and thorax similarly, delicately, and equably granulate, unless the granulations are coarser next the base of the thorax. Thorax a little shorter than broad, tapering Hither rapidly to the apex, which is not so broad as the head, the eyes included, but broader than the intraocular part of the head ; outer posterior angles produced to a long, tapering spine
■■
HKMIPTEUA-lIKTKltOI'TEliA-CJOBElD.K. 421
directed equally backward and outward, not properly represented on the plato; the hinder margin nlopcH backward to aid in forming tie spine, immediately the limits of the scutellum are \mnt On the scutt Hum the granulations become more or less transverse corrugations, ospecflill) toward the apex, but I can detect no scutellar spine. Ilemolytra extending a little beyond the abdomen, with the corium and clavus dark brownish fuliginous, rather distantly punctate with white in linear rows ; membrane very pale fuliginous, pallid next the apex of the corium.
Length of body, not including the hemelytra, 5.75""'; henielytra, 4.6""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7856.
3. PARODARMISTUS gen. nov. (n-dpoi, Darmistus, nora. gen.).
Rented to Darmistus Stftl, but differing from it in the length of the last antennal joint, which is no longer than either of the two preceding; the antennsB are scarcely more than half as long as the body ; the basal joint is moderately stout, short, projecting but little beyond the front of the head, the remaining joints subequal, the last very gently and slightly incrassated, but not longer than the second, rarely longer than the third and then but slightly. Head and thorax of subequal length, the head rounded or subquadrate, of about equal length and breadth ; the thorax subquadrate, scarcely narrower at apex than at base, yet never longer than broad. Hemelytra just reaching the end of the abdomen, the two principal veins of the membrane forming a median loop, its apex just before the center of the membrane, and from which radiate at tolerably regular dis- tances six or seven equal or subequal fores. Hind femora slender and smooth, hind tibiai delicately spinous.
Six species occur in the Tertiary shales of America, all from Floris- sant.
Table of (he apecieB of Parodarmiitut. Thorax about equally granulate througliout.
Hind femora twice as long as the width of the thorax i. p. abscissui
HIndfemoralessthanhalf as long again as the width of the thorax '.....'.'...2. P. caduoiu
Thorax with the posterior lobe very distinctly more coarsely granulate than the anterior.
Thorax scarcely broader than lonir .. *•» d - ju
Thorax considerably broa<ler than long.
Thorax about half as broad again as long.
Eyes of moderate size, not prominent; head and thorax suboqnal in length ..4. F. de/ectut. Eyes very large and prominent; head considerably longer than the thorax.
_,. ^ , , , , 5. /■. exanvHaiua.
1 borax twice as broad again as long g p inhibitua
422
TEUTIAIIY INHECTS OF NOUTII AMEUICA.
1. PaRODARMISTTTS AD8CI88U8.
Body nuicli olongtited and Blender. Head Hlightly longer than broad, hroadL'st at the posterior margin of the eyes, behind which the head is Honiewhat strongly contracted ; eyes jtretty largo, not very prominetit. Antennae a little more than half as lo.ng as the body, very slender ; surface of head not very coarsely but very considerably granulate, with a tend- ency toward a transverse disposition of the granules. Thorax s ' tuad- rato, scarcely narrower ai)ically than basally, at the apex as broad as the head, including the eyes; the lateral angles of the front somewhat rounded; surface like that of the head granulate, equally fine throughout, with no distinction Ijetweon the anterior and posterior portions. Hind femora very long, gradually enlarging from base to apex, but scarcely stouter at the broadest than the middle femora, almost as long as the antennsa. Head and thorax piceous, legs dusky fuliginous.
Length of body, 7.25""° ; hind femora, 3.25'"" ; breadth of thorax, 1.5"- ; abdomen, 2.2'"™.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 12100.
2. Pakodakmistus caducus.
Body slender but not greatly elongated ; lieatl of about equal length and breadth, the front well rounded between the antenna, constricted behind the eyes, vvliich are moderately large, not very prominent. Antennae about half as long as the body, or a little more than that, moderately slendev, the second and third joints a little larger apically than at the base, the last joint gently incrassated and fusiform. Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long, like the head granulate equally throughout, with no distinction between the anterior and posterior portions. All the femora subequal, the hind femora very much shorter than the antennae. Head and thorax pice- ous, legs fusco-fuliginous.
Length of body, 6""»; breadth of thorax, 1.6""°; abdomen, l.TS""; length of hind femora, 2.5°"".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1432, 3358.
3. Parodarmistus idollisus.
PI. 25, Fig. 13. Head quadrate, the front transverse, scarcely advanced between the antennsB ; of nearly equal breadth throughout, not constricted behind the
«*r>
^
IIEMU'TKUA— llETEKOPTEKA— (;OUEIDi*J.
423
eyt'H, which are nioderatoly large atul very prominent ; Hurface delicately {jranuliite. Thorax scarcely broader tlmn long, Hubquadrate, at the apex of the Hanio width aH the head, the lateral angles rectangular, the posterior lobe coarsely, the anterior lobe scurcely, granulate. Ilenielytra reaching the extremity of the abdomen ; corium and chivus blackisli fuliginous, with the sutura clavi marked by a broad pallid Htri])0 which broadens at the costal margin to a large triangular spot ; membrane ))ale fuliginous, the veins infuscated, a moderately large, trapezoidal, pallid spot next the apex of the corium. Legs dark fuliginous, uniform.
Length of body, 7.5"" ; breadth of thorax, 1.8""" ; abdomen, 2.7"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 12778,
4. Pabodahmistus defectus.
Head subquadrangular, slightly longer than broad, about as long as the thorax, the sides straight, the front broadly angulate, surface delicately granulate, eyes ratho small, not very prominent. Antennae rather more than half as long as the body, slender, the last joint delicately incrassated and fusiform. Thorax trapezoidal, tapering slightly from base to apex, the apex being about two-thirds as long as the base, the whole about half as broad again as long, the apex about as broad as the intraocular part of the head, the apical margin slightly and gently emarginate ; the surface of the anterior lobe nearly smooth, of the posterior coarsely granulate like the SGutellum ; veins of the corium of the hemelytra coarsely granulate. Head and thorax blackish fuscous, the anterior lobe of the thorax a little lighter ; the legs fusco-fuliginous.
Length of body, 7.5°°' ; breadth of thorax, 2""'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 5121, 9428, 9941.
5. Parodarmistus exanimatus.
Head rounded, except for the eyes broadest at the posterior edge of the eyes, behind which it is somewhat constricted, rather longer than broad, longer than the thorax, considerably and roundly produced in front of the eyes ; eyes large and prominent ; surface granulate ; antennae considerably more than half as long as the body. Thorax about half as broad again as long, shorter than the head, coarsely granulate posteriorly, delicately granu- late anteriorly, the sides somewhat full ; scutellum coarsely granulate.
Mi
424
TERTIARY INSKUTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
Coriuin ot liemolytra distantly and coaraoly punctate along the veins. Head and thoi..,x blackish fuseouii; the logs very dark testaceous.
Length of body, 5.7""" : breadth of thorax, 1.3"'"'.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 772, 4639, 6114, and perhaps 7926.
6. Pakodakmistus iniiiuitits.
Head very larga, transverse, roundly angulato in front, but neverthe- less disHnctly longer than broad, not contracted behind the eyes, which are very largo but not very prominent; suruice granulate throughout; the antenna3 considerably more than half as long as the body. Thorax quad- rangular, transverse, about twice as long as broad, scarcely tapering ante- riorly, both base and apex truncate, the whole surface granulate, but much more coarsely behind than in front. Head, tliorax, and scutellum black ; abdomen blackish fuscous, together with n).)st of the corium of tlie home- ly tra ; the membrane fuliginous with a pallid area at the apox of the coriuQ?_ the veins marked in fuscous ; legs blackish fuscous.
Length of body, 6.3"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 1.8"'™.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5829, 8356.
4. PROTENOR Stai.
This genus, of which only two species are known one from the cen- tral Western States, the other from Central America, is represented at Flor- issant by a single species, wliich seems to agree tolerably well generically with these It is to be noticed, however, that, as fre([ueutiy seems to be the case with fossil forms, the antenuiu are distinctly shorter than in the exist- ing types, and that the fossil species agrees better in the structure of the head and in general size with the Central American than with the Illinois species; it is much smaller and stouter than the Illinois species.
PROTENOR IMBECILLIS.
PI. 26, Fig. 8.
The head of the single specimen known is somewhat obscure, but is half as long again as broad, with straight and parallel sides and rather bluntly angulate front, the portion in front of the antennaj being equian- gular j the whole considerably longer than the thorax, and not constricted
^
i
HEMIPTBRA— nBTBROPTEBA— UOREIDiE.
425
1
1
posteriorly, being as broad at the base as the apex of the thorax ; antennas distinctly shorter thaa the body, tl;e first joint nearly as long as the head, and scarcely, if at all, shorter than tiio second or third joint, the fouH'i joint gently incraasated, but scarcely broader than the others and slightly the longest. Thorax trapezoidal, scarcely longer than broad, gently narrowing from base to apex, the apex being five-sixths the length of the base ; surface coarsely granulate, especially posteriorly. Hemelytra faintly punctate in linear series. liegs long and very slender.
Length, 8.25"""; breadth of base of thorax, l.S™™; length of hind femora, 3 5""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 10391.
5. TENOR gen. nov. (r«?Va)).
Body robust ; head subrotund, of about equal length and breadth, th<« eyes centrally situated, small, globular, the front between them broadly rounded but much advanced, behind the eyes constricted. Thorax several times broader than long, not more than half as long as the head, strongly tapering, the apex as broad as the intraocular part of the head. Abdomen tolerably full. Hind femora remarkably slender, scarcely longer than the width of the body.
A single species is known.
Tenor spelunc^j.
Head uniform and coarsely punctate. Thorax similar but even more coarse, uniform throughout ; behind the prothorax the body is nearly twice as broad as the head : whole body blackish fuscous ; the legs testaceous. Unfortunately the antennaj are not present, and the hemelytra are too obscure to say more than that thecorium and clavus are rather finely punc- tate linearly.
Length of body, 7™"' ; breadth of head, 1.5""" ; base of thorax, 2.6""" ; abdomen, 2.8"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 10227.
6. ETIROCORIS gen. nov. {rei'poo, xopts).
Head narrow, long, and slender, the front between the antennae greatly prolonged, so as to reach beyond the apex of the first antennal joint ; the antennae form the most remarkable feature ; the first joint is moderately
426
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
stout, and does not attain the extremity of the head, but this is only on account of the great prolongation of the same ; the second joint is of extra- ordiriaiy length, being about two and a half times longer than the basal joint, half as long again as the elongated head, and slightly longer than the remaining joints together ; these are subequal, and all the joints are moder- ately slender, the last slightly incrassated if at all, and bluntly rounded at the apex. Thorax shorter than the head and rapidly tapering, so that the apex is only half as long as the base. Abdomen rather stout with parallel sides. Legs unknown.
A single species is known.
Etieocoeis infebnalis. PL 26, Fig. 16.
The whole body blackish fuscous, including the antennae; surface of the head punctate, like the thorax ; these two parts about equal in length. Veins o " the corium punctate.
Length of body, 7.25°""; breadth of thorax, 3.1""°; length of antennae,
Florissant. One specimen, No. 9253.
7. RHEPOCORIS gen. nov. (pcVco, H6pt<;).
This is the commonest form of the Alydinse in Florissant, and is a genus of the Micrelytraria, with unarmed thorax and scutellum and tapering tho- rax, but is remarkable for its spinous hind tibiae, as well as for the characteris- tics of the antennae, by which it is clearly sepaiated from any modern types. The head is well rounded, of about equal length and breadth as viewed from above. The antennae have a stout basal joint not half so long as the head, the three succeeding joints subequal, slender, the last gently incrassated and fusiform, corresponding in this respect with the bulk of fossil Alydinae. The thorax is trapezoidal, perhaps a little longer than broad, and tapers with straight sides, not in the least full, to the head, forming a slight collar. The legs are moderately stout, the hind femora considerably longer than the others and scarcely stouter, the hind tibiae delicately but profusely spined throughout.
Five species occur at Florissant.
*^^m
HEMIPTERA— HETEEOPTBEA— COEBID^. 427
TabU of the tpeoiea of Bh^oootU.
Head longer than broad ; hind legs long and slender.
Larger and stouter species, more than 8™™ long; thorax shorter than the head 1. B. prteteetu»,
Snialier and slenderer species, less than 8™™ long ; thoraz as long as the head 2. B, maorescens.
Head broader than long ; hind legs less long.
Largest species, usually about ^'^'° long 3. B. yravalent.
Medium sized species, usually about e^"™ long 4. B. propittquatu.
Smallest species, nsaally about 4.E"°* long 5. B. minima.
1. Rhepocoris PR^TECTUS.
Head one-fourth longer than broad, hardly constricted behind the eyes ; surface rather coarsely granulate with a tendency to a transverse arrange- ment. The thorax considerably shorter than the head and broader than long, the apical margin more thaii three-fourths as long as the basal margin ; the surface coarsely granulate. Hind legs exceptionally long, the femora being nearly half as long as the body.
Length of body, 6 6""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.4""" ; length of hind femora, 3.2"°'.
Florissant Two specimens, Nos. 9756, 10646.
. 2. Rhepocoris maorescens.
Head subpentagonal, broadest in advance of the middle except for the eyes, from this point tapering gently backward ; the front triangular, rounded ; surface rather finely granulate, the antennae scarcely more than half as long as the body. Thorax as long as the head and slightly broader than long, tapering regularly from base to apex, the apical margin being about two- thirds as long as the br ^al margin ; the surface finely granulate in front, coarsely behind. Whole body blackish, hen^ ^ytra blackish fuscous, the membrane infumated with a large triangular pallid patch at the apex of the corium. Legs blackish fuliginous. The hind femora less than half as long as the body.
Length of body, 8.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5""' ; length of hind femora, 3.4""".
Flonssant. One specimen. No. 2158.
3. Rhepocoris pr^valens.
PI. 25, Figs. 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16; PI. 26, Fig. 11.
Head rounded, scarcely longer than bread, uniformly and rather finely granulate, the granulations on the under surface of the head showing a tend-
428
TKRTIAUY INSECTS OP NOUTFf AMERIOA.
oucy to a tm)'«' srao HiTiuigoiuonf; into corrugations. Antonna-, more than half aa hmg i\ uio body, 8lon(UM-, and pale, tlie whole body being black or blackish fuacous. Thorax trapezoidal, broader than long, as long as the head, tapering regularly and considerably in front, the apical margin being about threo-fouri lis the length of the base ; surface coarsely granulate. 1 lemelytra with the corium and davus blackish fuliginous, the former just before the middle with a large triangular pallid spot on the costal margin sending from its apex a curved pallid shoot to the membranal margin ; membrane pale fuliginous with a larire trapezoidal pallid spot next the apex of the coriiun on the costal margin ; ms marked in fuscous. Legs dark fuliginous, the hind pair very sleiuler, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the hind tibia* delicately and profusely spinous.
Length, (;.r)-8.r)'"'" ; averaj^e about 8"'--.
This is the counnoneat of the heieropterous insects of Florissant.
Florissant. About one hundred and fifty specimens, of which some of the best are Nos. 2431, 3257, .'iGGD, 7102, 8374, 9045, 9170, 11211, 11217, 12081, 12087, and of the Princeton collection, 1 335 and 1.712.
4. Rhepocoris propinquans.
Pi. 25, Fig. 1; PI. 26, Fig. 13.
In studying the species of Khepocoris I discovered that they were naturally subdivided into three groui)s according to their size, and that it was not often that there was any doubt into which of the three groups any given indi\ :dual would fall. I have accordingly separated the present species from those on either side of it, though I can give no characters at all except those of size. In a few instances there may be doubt into which of the two species, this and the preceding, any given individual may foil, inasmuch as the range of form comes close together, and it may be that these two should be considered as one and the same species. But I have thought it best under the circumstances, and in the hope of being able by more careful study to separate the forms on other characteristics than that of mere size, to keep the two apart, at least provisionally. In each of these two forms the individuals may be separated as slenderer and stouter, which I regard as probably the two sexes, as they seem to differ in no other constant char- acter that can be seen in their state of preservation.
i
HBMIPTEBA— nBTBUOPTERA—OOEEID^.
429
i
III tho present species the length varies from 5.5 to 6.5™'", the average being about 6"'".
Florissant. About eighty specimens, of which some of the best pro- served are Nos. 5002, 6652, 6980, 8467, 9276, 958.5, 10033, 10263, 11015, 11212, 13307.
5. Rhepocouis minima.
See tho proceeding species for some remarks on this. This small spe- cies appears to be also relatively rather stouter than the others, but other- wise it can hardly be said to differ in any characters which may be seized upon. It does not appear, however, that the hemelytra are so distinctly marked as appears to be ordinarily tlie case in the others, and this, when better specimens are found, may serve more readily to distinguish it from them.
Length, 4.5-5.5""" ; tho breadth can not bo readily given as all the specimens are preserved upon tlieir .side.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3854, 6029, 11755, 11763.
8. ORTHRTOCORISA gen. nov. {op9p,o?, nopts).
An elegant genus of Micrelytraria, not far removed from Darmistus Stftl and apparently near AcoH';ra Dall, from which it differs totally in tho form of the front of the head. It is long and slender in form. Head well rounded, a little elongate, the front scarcely produced in advance of the antenna;, rounded, or perhaps a little angulate ; eyes moderately small, seated in the middle of the sides of the head ; antennae very long and slender, the first much longer than the head, nearly or quite as long as the thorax, slende • on the basal half, gently incrassate and subfusiform on tho apical half; the second and third joints a.e exceedingly .slender, the third as long as the first and slightly enlarged at the extreme truncate tip, the second a little shorter ; unfortunately the fourt!i joint is not preserved ; if as long as the third joint tho whole would be still considerably shorter than thw body and a little shorter than the hind femora and tibia; together. Thorax considerably longer than the head, tapering toward the apex with no lateral spines. Legs long and very slender, the hind femora scarcely incrassated and both they and the tibia; totally unarmed, the femora longer than the tibia;, the latter about as long as head and thorax together; the length of the first tarsal joint about equals that of the other two together,
A single species is known.
430 TEETIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEBIGA.
ObTHBIOCOBISA L0NGIPE8.
PL 26, Fig. 1.
A single remarkably well preserved specimen lies upon its side on a very fragile sheet of shale. The general color is a dark, sometimes, and especially on the less solid parts, a light, testaceous. The head seems to be smooth except for here and there a small granule ; the rostrum shows only the central black needle which reaches the mesostethium. The thorax is rather heavily and pretty closely punctate, and the corium of the hemelytra similarly punctate in serial rows along the course of the veins. The state of preservation is poorer posteriorly, so that the length of the abdomen can not be accurately told, but it appears to extend beyond the reach of the
hind femora.
Length of body (partly estimated), 11""" ; basal joint of antennae, 2""" ;
hind femora, 4.75""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 8604.
Subfamily PSEUDOPHLCEINA Stlil.
This rather limited subfamily is much better developed in the Old than the New World. In the United States but a couple of genera occur, each with a single species, and, in the Biologia Centrali Americana, Distant records but three genera, each with a single species. Yet, although never detected in the European rocks, Florissant yields an extinct genus aUied to one found in Central America, and it is well represented there, as will be seen immediately below.
HEERIA gen. nov.
Allied to Arenocoris but with second and third antennal joints subequal. Of our native forms it approaches nearest to Scolopocerus Uhl., if the Mex- ican species described by Distant be included therein, but the structure of the antenna; again is different. The body is of a more or less oval shape, the broader end posterior. Head moderately small, rounded, of about equal length and breadth, the front between the antenna) never greatly, sometimes scarcely, advanced ; antennae not more than half as long as the body, the basal joint stout, cylindrical, about as long as the head, the second and third joints subequal, long, slender, and sometimes,
HBMIPTEBA— HBTBROPTEBA-OOREIDiB.
431
especially the third, enlarging apically where truncate ; last joint long oval, scarcely moie than one-third as long as the third, nearly or quite as stout as the basal. Thorax trapezoidal, .the apical margin of the breadth of the head, the basal fully half as broad again, the sides more or less rounded. Hemelytra large, covering the abdomen, except possibly the sides in the broadest species, the corium reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. All the species have heavily granulate thorax, the last joint of the antennae more or less granulate, and the corium of hemelytra coarsely punctate.
The genus is named in memory of Oswald Heer, of Switzerland, the principal student of fossil msects in the last generation.
Three species are known, all from Florissant.
Table of the tpeoiei of Heeria,
Head broadly rounded between the antennoe.
Body ample, much less than twice as long as broad I. If. gulosa.
Body less ample, twice as long as broad 'i. H. lapidosa.
Head angularly produced between the antennte 3. B.fmda.
1. Heeria gulosa.
PI. 27, Figs. 5, 12, 18 ; PI. 28, Fig. 17.
Whole body tolerably uniform blackish fuscous, the lateral incisures of the abdomen paler. Head, whole of first, apical extremity of second and third, and basal two-thirds of fourth joint of antennae finely granulate, these parts in the antennae blackish, the other parts of the middle joints of the antennae pale testaceous and faintly granulate, the apical third of the fourth joint smooth and blackish fuliginous ; front of head between the antennae broadly rounded, scarcely advanced, not at all angulate. Thorax heavily granulate, almost twice as broad on the basal as on the apical margin, and fully twice as broad as long. Hemelytra with the corium heavily and irregularly punctate. Abdomen broad and full, about half as broad again as the base of the thorax.
Length of body, 9.15""" ; antennae, 4.8°"° ; breadth of base of thorax, 3.35""° ; middle of abdomen, 5°"".
Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 789, 1977, 4269, 6151, 11773, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.560 and 1.802, 1.831.
433
TKUTIAKY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
2. Heeria lapidosa. n. 27, Figs. 3, 19.
In color tliis species entirely resembles the preceding both as to body and antenna3. The head and first joint of antenna) are here as coarsely granulate as the thorax, while the other joints of the antenna; resemble those of the last species ; the front of the head is as there. The thorax is perhaps a trifle longer than in H. gulosa and has straighter sides, but other- wise does not differ. The hemelytra are similarly punctate. The main difference is to bo found in the abdomen, which, though full, is not nearly so full as in the preceding species, the breadth being scarcely half the length of the body.
Length of body, 8.5""" ; antennae, 4.5""" ; breadth at base of thorax, 3.25""" ; at middle of abdomen, 4'"™.
Florissant. Eleven specimens, Nos. 1648, 1884, 3767, 4G17, 5703,
5065, 8!)4t), 12241, 14179 and 14197, and of the Princeton Collection,
1.804, 1.817.
3. Heeria f(eda.
In color like the other species. Head scarcely granulate, the front between tlio antennse advanced angularly by half the length of the first antennal joint to less than a right angle, the angle rounded. Antennae throughout slenderer than in the other species, and shorter, scarcely in the least granulate anywhere. Thorax coarsely granulate, the base a third longer than the apex, less than twice as broad as long. Hemelytra rather distantly punctate. Abdomen much as in H. lapidosa.
Length of body, 8"™ ; antennae, 3.25™" ; breadth at base of thorax, 2.7"™ : at middle of abdomen, 4"'".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3097, 7874, 7974.
« 9
« 3
*»
Subfamily GORIZIDA Mayr. A few fossil forms have been referred to this group, not very abundant in species at the present day. The most prolific genus in either Old or New World is Corizus, to which all the four species from the American Tertiavies described below are referred. The only described European form is one from Oeningen referred by Heer to an extinct genus, Harmos- tites ; Corizus, however, is said to occur at Aix, but, as I shall point out below, its reference here is doubtful.
HEMIPTERA— HETEKOPTERA— COREIDiE. 433
com Z US Fallen.
Two fossil species have already been referred to this genus, both from Aix. One, however, as shown by Heer, belongs rather with Pachynierus, and the other is merely indicated as being half the size of Therapha hyossyami of Europe. In America the genus is best developed within the tropics, but has abundant representatives in the United States. Three of the Florissant Heteroptera appear to fall within its limits, and a Green River species, which I formerly took for a Reduvius, appears also to belong here.
Table of the speeiei of Corizus.
Without an iuterrupted serieit of lateral spotH.
Smaller forinH, not exceeding live luillimetertj in lenjjMi 1, C. cetatus.
Larger forms, exceeding six millimeters in iengtb.
Body relatively stout, about three times as long as broad 2. C. abdilinit.
Body relatively slender, nearly fonr times as long as broad 3. C. somHiiniiii.
Au interrupted series of lateral spots 4, c. guttatus,
1. CORIZUS CELATU8. PI. 27, Fig. 16.
Head a little broader than long, with the eyes a little broader than the apex of the thorax, subtriangular, the front angularly produced between the antennse, the basal joint of which seems barely to surpass the apex of the front ; the remaining joints slender. Thorax half as broad again as long, tapering forward with slightly ampliated sides, the front margin gently and broadly emarginate, scarcely more than half as long us the base, the surface densely and sharply punctate, and a faint sign of a median sulcation. Corium of hemelytra reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, clear excepting along the finely punctate principal veins and near the outer apex, which is wholly clouded. Abdomen dark, with broad premarginal pale lateral bands.
Length, 5""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.9""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 1952, 6369, 14205.
2. CORIZUS ABDITIVUS. PL 25, Fig. 5; PI. 26, Fig. 4.
Body relatively stout, about three times as long as broad, the head rounded, hardly subtriangular, considerably broader than the apex of the thorax, the front roundly produced between the antennae, the basal joint of
VOL XIII 28
i
434
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
which considerably surpasses the apex of the front ; the second and third joints of antennir of equal diameter and very slender, the last joint a little incrassated ; surface of head densely and finely punctate. Thorax trape- zoidal, narrowing rapidly, punctate like the head. Hemelytra more coarsely l)unctate along the veins of the corium, which reaches barely beyond the middle of the abdomen and is infuscated, while the membrane is nearly clear. Abdomen oval, the sides slightly ampliated. The figure on Plate 26 poorly rejjresents the species.
Length, T-S*"; antennae, 4.1"'"'; breadth of thorax, 2"'"'; abdomen,
2.65"'"'.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3247, 5715, 8544, 14207.
3. CORIZUS 80MNURNU8.
Body very slender, being nearly four times as long a.- broad, the sides parallel. Head rounded, subtriangular, scarcely broader than the apex of the thorax, fully as long as broad, the surface i)unctate. The antennse very long and slender, the first joint clearly surpassing the apex of the front. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, tapering gently, with scarcely ampliated sides, the front margin broadly, roundly, and deeply emarginate, the apex fully two-thirds as long as the base ; surface punctate. Hemelytra as in the preceding species, but the membrane distinctly infu- mated. Legs long and slender, the hind femora with a very slight posterior fringe of minute short denticulations, on which account one would be inclined to place it in Harmostes, but the denticulations do not take on the form of spines, but are more like serrations.
Length, including the closed hemelytra, 5.5"'"' ; antenna;, 4""' ; hind femora, 2.4""; breadth of body, LS"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14193.
4. COBIZUa GUTTATUS.
PI. 7, Fig. 11. nedttviiuf giittatiis Soudd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. 8urv. Terr., IV, 771 (1878).
Two specimens of this species have been found, one with reverse, by Mr. Richardson, the other by myself. Mr. Richardson's specimen is very obscure and distorted, and without the aid of the other could not have been determined. The insect probably belongs to Corizus, or at all events falls in its immediate vicinity. All parts are rather obscure, but the head evi-
«:sr
T
IlKMIPTKKA-HBTEROPTKUA— PENTATOMID/T').
435
dently tapors luid is roundly pointed in front, the tliorax narrows gently from behind forward, and is nearly as long as ])road ; the Hcutellum is rather small, triangular, the apex bont at a right angle and rounded. The abdomen is ovate, twice as long as broad. The species is marked with round, dark spots, about 0.2'""' in diameter, on either side, one at the outer edge of the front of each abdominal segment, and one in the middle of either transverse half of the thorax, a little removed from the outer border ; the anterior ones half-way between the border and the middle line. The whole surface appears to bo very minutely granulated. The tegmina can not be seen.
Length of body, 5.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.4"'™ ; of abdomen, 1.65"'"'.
From its form I f(»rmerly referred the insect doubtfully to Reduvius, but its size alone would i)recliule such a reference.
Green River, Wyonn'ng. Two specimens, Nos. J3" and 96* (F. C. A. Richardson), 4070 (S. H. Scudder).
Family PENTATOMID^E Stephens.
This family has always held the first place among Heteroptera in Ter- tiary deposits, but with the publication of this volume its place is disputed by the Lygauda\ This is due not only, though principally, to the excej)- tional abundance of the Lygicida) at Florissant, but also to the rather meager proportion of the Pentatomida, as will appear below. In European deposits only a single species is known from amber, wliile fifty have been exhumed from the rock deposits. They represent only four of the nine subfamilies, and the great majority belong to the two subfamilies Cydnida and Penta- tomida, the former with sixteen species referred to four genera, the latter with twenty-five species referred to six genera The other subfamilies rep- resented are the Scutellerina with five species of two genera, Pachycoris and Tetyra, both at Oeningen, and the Acanthosomina with four species of two genera, Acanthosoma and Phlceocoris, both at Radoboj. Besides these a Pontatoma is reported from Greenland and a Cydnus from New South Wales. The American forms here brought to notice represent only the sub- families Cydnida and Pentatomida, but in reverse proportion to what appears in Europe, the Cydnida being very well representeu by twenty-four species of six genera, nearly all of them by a nuipber of individuals, and one by a great many, the Pentatomida on the contrary by only thirteen species of
486
TKflTIAUY INSECTS OP NOIlTri AMKRIOA.
ten jjenom, iind of oiutli of tlu'so spocinH moro tliiui u singles i'xamplo Iuih rarely bueii found. VVIiili' tlioroforo tlie previilont Huhfainilics iiro tlio Hanie on the two contiiionts, ono hiw Hcarc-ely liiilf hh nmny roprcHeiitatives in Aniorlcii nH In Kuropo, whilo tlio other lias lialf aH niiiiiy more.
A very Htrikin^f peculiarity is found in the American Pentatoniidii! rh n whole, whether Cydnida or I'entatomida. in livin<>' forniH tlus va.st majority have a lon<^ Hcntellum reaching heyond the middle of the ahdomeii, and have the ti[) produced, forminf»' a paralhd-Hided apical lohe. In the Ameri- can Tertiary forms, ho far as yet known, with only a single exception, no Huch apical lol)e exists, hut the scutellum ends with an angular apex, some- times a little rounded, but the sides perfectly .straight and conHu(!nt at least in the apical half; besides which, or perhaps partly as a conse(pience, the scutellum does not reach farther than, sometimes does not attain, the middle of the abdomen. It has seemed necessary therefore to establish a conssid- erable number of now generic groups to embrace th-jse remarkalde forms. To judge from the illustrations given by Ileer the same thing would seem to be true of at least a few of the European Tertiary Pentatomida, espe- cially of those from Radoboj, and it would be very desirable to institute direct comparisons between specimens from the two continents.
In our general remarks in the introduction to the Ileteroptera we called attention to the close relation which existed between the proportional abundance (in the number of specific forms) of the ^'^ur principal families of Ileteroptera in Tertiary times, and the same in tl.^ existing fauna of the self-same region A further illustration, but even more exaggerated, appears by using the same guides in comparing the relative numbers of the Cydnida and Pentatomida, the only two subfamilies of Pentatomida' known to exist in our Tertiary deposits and so capable of comparison. In Distant's work the Cydnida number about one-sixth of the total number of Cydnida and Pentatomida; in Uhler's general list, one-seventh; in his western list, one- fourth ; the increasing number thus shown in the region where the fossils occur is vastly exaggerated in their relative representation in the rocks, this l)eing two-thirds the whole.
Subfamily CYDNIDA Stal.
This subfamily is well represented in the European Tertianes, and is indicated as occurring also in the' Australian Tertiaries. All of the Euro- pean species are from the rocks (none from amber), and. most have been
t
illiMIl'TKUA— lIKTKItOPTERA— PENTATOMIDJ!.
437
roforred to two diHtliiRt gonora, Cydnopais \vith eleven spociew from Oonin- goii, Uadoboj, and Aix, and Neurocorin with two from Radoboj. Cydnus Ih re prose ntiul by a Hpecies at Oeniiifjon and anotlier at Aix, and Hrachy- pelta one at Krottennee. Neither of these extinct j^onerie types occurs in our -rertiaries, where this subfamily is far more prolific than in Europe and far surpasses the Pentatomida. With the exception of a couple of forms, represented each by a single specimen, and whicii are nferred to modern types, Cyrtonionus and Discostonia, all the others are remarkable for differ- ing apparently from nearly all living types and also from the known fossil", in the short and accurately triangular scutellum, agreeing in this respect with the ^''lorissant Pentatoinida, and, as there, necessitating the establishment of several new generic groups. These, however, are more prolific in species, and the species in individuals, than is the case with the Pentatomida.
Table of the fienera of Cydnida.
Body less than 10 millimeterH long.
Sciitellniii triuugulnr, uot iiroUucod Jt the apex, as broad as Ion;.
Head di-eplysunk in tbu thorax, the dupth of the oniargiuation ol' the thorax embracing it beiug nearly or tinite half its width.
Body more than twice n» long as broad 1. Stenopella.
Body less thni> twi(!n aH long as broad 2. Vrueydmiii,
Head snnk but little iu the thorax, almost wholly free.
Anterior lateral angles of the thorax rounded, so that the head projects but little beyond
the general curve ol'lhii body 3, Necrocijdnut,
Anterior lateral angles of the thorax prominent, the head out of direct relation to the curve
of the body 4. Thiibomemis.
Scutellum produced into a lobe at apex, distinctly longer than broad r>. Cjirlomeniin,
Body more than 15 niillinieters long H. Diacoatoma.
1. STENOPELTA gen. nov. (areyi'?, TrdXrtf).
Body more than twice as long as broad, the sides nearly parallel, with broadly rounded ends, the anterior curve broken by the head, one-half of which is advanced beyond its outline, the other half sunken in the thorax, which is deeply eniarginate to receive it ; the eyes, which are moderately large, globular, and central, are thus brought to the edge of the thorax ; in front of the eyes the head is rounded with a slight angulation, the whole nearly circular ; the ocelli are large and situated behind and within the eyes. Thorax subquadrangular, about twice as broad as long, the anterior lateral angles prominent but rounded, the basal margin truncate. Scutellum moderate, triangular, with perfectly straight sides, nearly half as broad again as long, reaching less than a third way to the tip of the abdomen.
438
TKKTIAKY INSECTS OF NOHTII AMERICA.
A single species is known, from Green River, formerly referred to
iEthus.
Stenopelta punctulata.
PI. 7, Figs. 12, 13.
^thus pitncliilatiu ScumI., Hull. U. S. Oeol. (Jeogr. Snrv. Torr., IV, 70t»-770 (l«78).
I rtj.eut here the original description, although it contains many generic details :
Hody of nearly equal breadth throughout, the sides of the abdomen a liitle filler. Head rounded, small, the part behind the eyes rounded, as deep as the portion in front of them; front as seen from above, well rounded, well advanced, subangulate ; eyes moderately large ; ocelli large, situated close to, a little behind, and within the eyes, and about one-third their diameter ; surface of head minutely and obscurely gnmulate. Thorax nearly equal, slightly broadening posteriorly, the anterior angles well rounded, the front border very deeply and roundly excised, the hind border nearly straight ; the whole fully twice as broad as the head and twice as broad as long. Scutellum obscure, but apparently of about ecpud length and breadth, and regularly triangular. Abdomen well rounded, half as lonsr airain as broad. Tejimina obscure or lost in all the sj)ecimens seen. Thorax and scutellum minutely granulate, like the head. Posterior half, at least; of the abdomen profusely covered with shallow punctures.
Length of body, ;5.75""" ; of head, 0.6"""; of middle of thorax, 0.75"'"'; breadth of head, 0.8"""; of thorax, 1.7"™; of abdomen, 1.85""".
Green River. Wyoming. Five specimens, Nos. 19'", 07", 74", 172 {F. C. A. Richardson;, 419;i (S. H. Scudder).
2. PROCYDNUS gen. nov. (7rp6, Cydnus, nom. gen.).
Body less tlian twice as long as broad, ovate, with extremities more or less tapering, especially in front, by the more rapid narrowing of the thorax, the head sometimes completely sunken in the thorax, at other times half projecting beyond the anterioi curve of the body ; it is always broader than long, though sometimes nearly circular; the eyes are nioderately large, not very prominent, subceutral, the ocelli large and situated well behind the prod-iced anterior curve of the thorax in the deep emargination for the reception of the head. Thorax subtrapezoidal, more than twice, sometimes ihrice, its middle length, truncate at base, the sides more or less
^
i
"ipppp»
II EM 1 PTEUA-UETEROPTli: HA— PENT ATOM WM.
439
oblique, and arcuate, the front lateral angles always rounded, sometimes so much as to disappear. Scutellum usually small, never large, triangular, with straight sides, of varying proportions but never longer than broad, reaching from less than a third to one-half way to the tip of the abdomen. A large number of species occur in our Western Tertiaries, all found at Florissant and one also at Green River.
Table of the species of I'rocudnus.
Anterior Lftlf of thorax iinifonnly dBpresued.
Head so sunken in tlio proMioriix that its front margin forms a regular oorve wit»< a., t ui 'he
thorax .,, nus.
Head sensibly projecting beyond front line of bo»ly.
Head only a fonrth the width of tho thorax 2. P. devicliis.
Head nmcli less than half the wi«!ta of tlio abdomen, at least a third the width of the thorax. Thorax scarcely more than twice as broad as its middle length.
Larger species; emargination of apical margin of thorax relatively shallow.
3. P. diecxiis.
Smaller species; emargination of apical margin of thorax relatively dceji and abrupt.
4. P. quietus. Thorax nearly or iiuite three times as broad as its middle length.
Larger species; head more than ouo-third as wide as the body 5. P. reliquus.
Smaller species; head less than one third as wide as the body 6. P. vctiitriis.
Headhalfthe width of the abdomen --'• /'• «a/o«i.
AntoriorhRlfof thorax with lateral bosses 8. P. mamillanus.
1. PrOCYDNUS PR0NU8. ri. 28, Fig. 5.
Head rounded, broader than long, deeply sunken in the thorax, its broad anterior curve almost continuous with the rounded sloping lateral angles of the thorax, the eyes small and in advance of the middle. Thorax shaped much as in P. devictus, but with a broad and especially deep, rounded, almost angular emargination to receive the head, about a third the width of the thorax ; its basal margin is not indicated on the plate, but should unite the extreme bases of the hemelytra in a straight line ; the sur- face shows excessively shallow crowded punctuation. Scutellum very large, triangular, reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen, broader than long. Hemelytra with the corium occupying the basal three-nfths, uni- forndy coriaceous, with jmnctuation like the thorax, and an excessively delicate impressed submarginal line. Hind tibite densely spined. Abdomen very broad and full, scarcely longer than broad. Whole body black, the corium of the hemelytra hardly less dark.
Length of body, 5"""; breadth, S.P"™.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14426.
440
TERTIAliY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
2. PrOCYDNUS DEVICTU8.
PI. 28, Fig. 4.
Head minute, subcircular, hardly a fourth as wide as the thorax, its posterior third sunken in the thorax, which is here narrowly but rather deeply emarginate to receive it. Thorax scarcely twice as broad as long, tapering from the base and with the sides strongly arcuate, so that the whole is nearly semicircular but for the narrow rounded evnargination (not shown on the plate) for the head ; basal margin truncate or scarcely con- vex ; surface perfectly smooth and regular, with an anterior, transverse, arcuate, impressed line opening forward, half as broad as and one-third the depth of the thorax. Scutellum large, triangular, smooth, the base fully three-fourths the width of the thorax, nearly three-fourths as long as broad, and reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium reaclii"g h?lf-way to the tiji, uniformly coriaceous, testaceous, with faint nncl shallow equidistant and rather distant punctae. Hind tihlse densely spiny. Abdomen very broad and full, of nearly equal length and breadth.
Length of body, 5"'™; breadth, S.l""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 11225.
1
3. Procydnus divexus.
Head imperfectly preserved in both the specimens at hand. Thorax shaped much as in the species which have preceded this, twice as long as its middle length, with a very deep rounded emargination in front, less than a third the width of tiie thorax and three tinies as broad as deep, the lobes beside it well advanced, the surface finely and closely but not very deeply punctate. Scutellum with similar sculpture, the apex scarcely less tlian rectangular, the base about two-thirds as wide as the thorax. Hemelytra having the similarly punctate corium occupying fully the basal three-fifths, the full and well rounded abdomen of equal length and breadth and punc- tate. Hind tibia? very slender and rather feebly spined. Whole body uniformly blackish brown.
Length, 4.7"'"' ; breadth, 3""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2132, 13154.
^S>
HEMIPTERA— HETE ROPTE R A— PBNTATOM ID^.
4. Procydnus quietus.
441
Head nearly one-half as broad as the thorax, well rounded, half as broad again as long. Thorax subtrapezoidal, tapering from the base at first slightly, afterwards a little more rapidly, so that the sides are a little arcuate, and the rounded anterior lateral lobes rather prominent from the deej) almost angular eniargination of the front, which is hardly more than a third the width of thorax, and only a little more than twice as broad as deep ; surface apparently smooth, punctate along the lateral margin. Scutellum nearly two-thirds as broad as the thorax, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the apex nearly rectangular, the surface punctate, somewhat shorter than broad. Hemelytra with the coriaceous corium hardly occupy- ing more than half the wing, serially punctate, of a testaceous color, the membrane faintly infumated. Tibia; densely spiny. Abdomen full, broadly rounded, a little longer than broad.
Ler'fjth, 4.1-4..'>'"'" ; breadth, 2.4-2.6""".
Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 2060, 6812, 7652, 10092, 10174, 10531, 12771, 14186.
5. Peocydnus reliquus.
Head rounded, broader than long, nearly half as broad as the thorax. Thorax nearly three times as broad as its middle 1 ngth, tapering from the base, the sides considerably arcuate, with scarcely any sign of an anterior lateral shuulder, the emargination of the anterior border half as broad as the base oi the thorax, shallow and uniform, followed by a median ai'cuate sulcation half as broad as the emargination and equally deep ; the surface is apparently quite smooth, but there are signs of punctuation at the extreme lateral margins. Form of the scutellum not evident, but apparently exactly as in the last species. Corium of hemelytra reaching considerably beyond the middle Abdomen full but considerably longer than broad. Whole body uniformly dark, the corium of hemelytra dark testaceous.
Length, 5.5"" ; breadth, 3""».
Florissant. One specimen. No. 434.
IVd
442
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
6. Procyunits vespebus. PI. 28, Fig. 15.
Head tolerably large, rounded, broader tban long, together with the projecting eyes more than a third the width of the thorax. Thorax almost or quite three times as broad as the middle length, the shape very much as in the preceding species, with an equally broad but much deeper emargina- tion of the front, the surface very finely, faintly, and densely punctate. Scutellum less than two-thirds as broad as the thorax, considerably broader than long, the ])ointed angulate apex extending less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with a rather short punctate corium. Tibiae heavily spined. Abdomen full and broadly rounded, scarcely longer than broad. Color of body blackish brown, the hemelytra with the corium blackish fuliginous, the membrane faintly infumated.
Length, 4.5""" ; breadth, 2 65.""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 70, 145, 2464, 5612.
7. PROCYDNUS EATONI.
A poorly preserved specimen represents this species, remarkable for its very large and nearly circular head, which is half as wide as the abdomen and scarcely broader than long, and is deeply embedded in the tliorax. The latter is shaped much as in the last two or three species, nearly two and a half times as broad as its median length, the front deeply and broadly emarginate to receive the head, the emargination very regular, considerably more than half as broad as the thorax, and a third as deep as broad. Scu- tellum broad and short, the angulate apex not at all less than a right angle, reaching much less tlian half-way to the tip of the abdomen. The only signs of punctuation, fine and dense, are on the broadly rounded abdomen, which is considerably longer than broad. Other parts not clear. The whole blackish brown.
Length, 6.75""" ; breadth, 3.6"""".
Named for one of the pioneers in American geology, Amos Eaton.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 3153.
4»
iiii.
IVd
HEMTPTERA— HETBROPTERA— PENTATOMlDJfl.
443
8. PrOCYDNUS MAMILLANU8 PI. 7, Fig. 19.
Cydnusf mainillanim Soudd., Bull. IT. S. Gool. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 770 (1878).
The body is broad and convex in front, with a rapidly tapering abdo- men, scarcely at all rounded, even at the tip. The head, as seen from above, is nearly circular, shaped much as in Stenopelta punctulata from the same beds, but more broadly and regularly rounded in front, with the cen- tral lobe broad, and defined by rather strongly impressed furrows; the ocelli are large, situated just behind the anterior extension of the thoracic lobes ; the surface of the head is rugulose. Thorax more than twice as broad as the head, and more than half as long again ; the sides rounded, being broadest at the posterior border, narrowing in front and roundly excised at the anterior angles ; front border very deeply hollowed behind the head, leaving prominent front lobes on either side, nearly as large as the head and strongly mamillate ; hind border nearly straight The sur- face is minutely granulate, besides which there is a transverse belt of rather large and distant punctures midway between the mamillations and the hind border. The scutellum is very large, rounded-triangular, broader than long, and granulate like the thorax. Cerium of tegmina, which occupies their greater portion, obscurely and distantly punctulate ; abdomen trian- gular, the apex bluntly pointed.
Length of body, 4™"' ; of head, 0 8"""; of either lateral half of thorax, l.'dh"""; breadth of head, l™" ; of thorax, 2.4'"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 39 (F. G. A. Richardson). Florissant, Colorado. Two specimens, Nos. 1925, 11760.
3. NEGROCYDNUS gen. nov. {vexpo?, Cydnus, nom. gen.).
The species of this have the same oval form as those of the preceding genus, and differ from them in little but the relation between the head and thorax, the latter very broadly and shallowly emarginate in front, and the former consequently embraced by the thorax to a much smaller degree. The head is rounded, always broader, generally much broader, than long, the eyes and ocelli as in Procydnus ; it is, however, sunken to some extent in the thorax, and its curves and those of the sides of the thorax are such as hardly to destroy the effect of h, single parabolic curve to the front end of
I
444
TERTIAllY INSKCn'S OP NORTH AMERICA.
the bod}-. The thorax is generally only twice as broad ivs the median length, but sometimes considerably more than that, tapering in a very variable degree, sometimes rapidly and regularly, but always with a rounded curve, sometimes so slowly as to leave the lateral angles of the front very prom- inent, and making the thorax here twice as wide as the head ; the basal margin is truncate. Scutellum rather large and especially broad, triangular, with straight sides, always shorter than broad, and yet generally reaching nearly half-way to the tip of the abdomen.
A large number of species are known, as many as in the preceding genus, all but one, which comes from Green River only, being found at Florissant, one of them very abundantly.
Table of the speoiet of Necrocydnui.
Body more than half as long again iw broad.
Thorax cousiderably morn than twice as broad as the median length.
Body relatively slender ; thorax tapering coUHlilerably, the breadth at the bottom of the apical
emargination abon* three- fourths that of the basal margin 1. A', citleaniits.
Body relatively stout; thorax t. , oring but little, the breadth, as above, about seven-eights
that of the bassl margin a. X. gosiuteniiia.
Thorax only twice as broad as the median length.
Thorax ta])ering considerably, the livteral angles of front not prominent. Head broad, nearly or quite a third as broa<I as base of thorax.
Smaller species; emarginatiou oi apical border of thorax deep, half as long as greatest
breadth of thorax 3. ^. torpena.
Larger species; enmrgination of apical border of thorax shallow, considerably less
than half as long as greatest breadth of thorax 4. If. Hlygiue.
Head relatively narrow, hardly more than a fourth the breadth of the base of the thorax.
5. N. amyzonua. Thorax tapering but little, the lateral angles of front prominent.
Smaller species, hardly exceeding four millimeters in length, less than two-thirds as long
again as broad; .abdomen full and rounded 6. X. aeiiioi:
Larger species, mure than live millimeters long, and about three-fourths as long again as
broad; abdomen tapering 7. N. soliilatiia.
Body less than half as long again as broad 8. N. revecliiH.
1. Nkcrocydnus VULCANIUS.
Head rounded triangular, broader than long, with the large eyes nearly half as broad as the base of the thorax. Thorax considerably more than twice as broad as the median length, subtrapezoidal, the sides tapering so that the breadth near the front (at the bottom of the apical emarginatiou) is about three-fourths that of the basal margin, the lateral angles rounded somewhat, the apical emarginatiou half as broad as the thorax, and a third as deep as broad, very regular, the surface uneven from the elevation of the sides in front to irregular bosses, and rather coarsely, faintly, and sparsely punctate. Scutellum small, not more than half as long as broad, regularly
I
HEMIPTERA— HBTEROPTEUA— PENTATOMID^.
445
triangular, with straight sides, the apex scarcely reaching more than quarter way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium reaching to the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, oidy the costal edge, but that broadly, coriaceous, the remainder semidiaplianous and faintly infumate like the membrane.
Length, 4..5""" ; breadth, 2.25""».
Florissant. One specimen. No. 7399.
2. NeCROCYDNUS OOSItlTENSIS.
n. 7, Fig. 22.
Head broad, rounded, nearly twice as broad as long and with the rather large and prominent eyes fully half as broad as the thorax. Thorax more tiuin three times as broad as the median length, subquadrangular, the sides taper- ing only a little, the anterior lateral angles well rounded, the breadth near the front (next tlie bottom of the apical emargination) seven-eighths that of the basal margin, the apical emargination broad and shallow, rather more than half as broad as the base of the tliorax, and hardly a tenth as deep as broad, very regular ; surface even, but for a rapid slope close to the sides, and apparently smootli. Scutellum very large from its breadth, much shorter than broad, reaching nearly half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Corium of hemelyti-a reaching the last abdominal segment, rather coarsely and very sparsely granulate.
Length, 4.65'""' ; breadth, 2.5'""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 13, Leslie A. Lee.
This is the only species of Necrocydnus yet found within the limits of the ancient Gosiute Lake. •
3. Necrocydnus torpens.
Head large, well rounded, nearl}'^ twice as broad as long, and nearly two-fifths as bi-oad as base of thorax ; the antenna; about as long as the thorax. Thorax only twice as broad as the median length, tapering con- siderably, the lateral angles of the front not prominent, the emargination of the apical border half as long as the basal border, regular, and moderately deep; surface very finely punctate, e%'en. Scutellum large, broader than long, tlie apex not extending half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Heme- lytra with the corium serially punctate, reaching the penultimate abdominal
446
TKRTIAItY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
scg'meiit. Tibial lioavily spined. Whole body brownisli fuscous, the coriuni of heinolytra fusco-castaneous, the nieinbrane scarcely infuniated.
Length, 5.1""" ; breadth, 3™"'.
Florissant. Two specimens, Noa, 441, 12998.
4. Necrocydnus stygius.
Head twice as broad as long, well rounded, two-fifths as broad as the base of the thorax, the eyes large. Thorax only twice as broad as its median length, tapering considerably, the sides very regularly arcuate, the lateral angles of front not i)rominent, the emargination of the apical border somewhat less than half the length of the basal border, regular, and very shallow ; surface even, a little roughened. Scutellum scarcely more than half as wide as the thorax, almost equiangular, the sides perfectly straight, reaching less than half-way to the apex of the abdomen, the surface appar- ently punctate, but obscure. Coriuni of hemelytra reaching the middle of the antepenultimate abdominal segment, punctate, the puncta; serial only near the sutura clavi. Tibiae heavily spined. Abdomen a little produced, so that the posterior curve of the body is scarcely so broad as the "uterior.
Length, 6""» ; breadth, 3.5""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos, 6654, 9947.
:
5. Necrocydnus amyzonus. PI. 28, Fig. 16.
Head rather small, rounded subtriangular, nearly or quite twice as broad as long, hardlj'^ more than a fourth as broad as the thorax. Thorax twice as broad as the median length, tapering considerably, with rather strongly arcuate oblique sides, the lateral angles of the front not prominent, the apical emargination regular considerable, rsither deep, and very broad, the surface of the thorax even and very finely and closely punctate. Scu- tellum nearly as long as broad, fully two-thirds as broad as the thorax, the apex reaching about half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the surface like the thorax. Hemel3'tra with the corium reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, feebly punctate. Legs densely spined. Abdomen broadly rounded. Whole body uniformly blackish fuscous, the corium of hemelytra dark cas- taneous, the membrane clear.
HEMirTEKA— UETEUUl'TEBA— PENTATOMID^.
447
This is the commonest fossil cydnid known in the " Amyzon shales."
Length, 4.25-5.1"""; breadth. 2.2-3.1""°.
Florissant. Twenty-nine specimens, of which some of the best are Nos. 1919, 2100, 4565. 4GG3. 4851, 7543, 9583, 1122G, 12068, 12987, 14221, 14224.
6. Necrocydnus senior.
Head well rounded, transversely ovate, nearly a third as broad as the thorax, half as broad again as long. Thorax only twice as broad as the median length, tapering but little, the lateral angles of the front prominent, the apical eniargination considerably and tolerably deep, the surface appar- ently finely punctate, with two posteriorly converging shallow and faint sulcations crossing the disk longitudinally from the outer edges of the eyes backward. Scutellum moderate, more than half as broad as the thorax, broader than long, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the coriuni punctate in serial rows, reaching the middle of the antepenultimate segment of the abdomen. Tibia; heavily spined. Ab- domen full and rounded, hardly so long as broad. Color blackish brown, the hemelytra with the corium dark testaceous, the membrane clear.
Length, 4""' ; breadth, 2.5""'.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2732, 11566, 11793, 13155.
7. Necrocydnus solidatus. P!. 28, Fig. 13.
A stout species, fuller in front than behind. Head transversely ovate, about twice as broad as long and about one-third as broad as the thorax. Thorax hardly twice as broad as the median length, tapering but very little, the lateral angles of front very prominent, the apical emargination very broad and only moderately deep ; surface even and distantly punctate. Scutellum similarly punctate, about two-thirds as broad as the thorax, broader than long, the angular apex not reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium apparently reaching the penultimate abdominal segment. Tibite very heavily and coarsely spined. Abdomen subconical, pointed.
Length, 5.6"™ ; breadth, 3"".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6967, 8840.
448
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
8. Necbocydnus UEVECTUH.
A very broad, stout, and rounded apeciea. Head rather small, well rounded, at least half as broad aj^ain as long and scarcely a fourth as wide as the thorax ; the antenna^ about as long as the thorax. Tliorax about twice as broad as the median length, with strongly arcuate, somewhat oblique sides, which curve rapidly on the anterior half to the ends of the apical emargination, which is hardly one-third as long as the basal margin, moderately shallow and very regular ; surface even, finely, uniforudy, and densely punctate, as is every coriaceous part of the body. Scutellum nearly half as broad as the thorax, considerably broader than long, the scarcely less than rectangular apex not extending half-way to the apex of the abdomen. Hemelytra reaching as far as the tip of tlie abdomen, the membrane small. Abdomen ver}- broadly rounded jjosteriorly, somewhat shorter than broad.
Length, U)""" ; breadth, 3.2""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1581, 10844.
w»
T
4. THLIBOMENUS gen. nov. (GXtfidjueyo?).
This genus is even more closely allied to Necrocydnus than the latter to Procydnus, and differs from it principally in the still greater prominence of the head, which is out of direct relation to the general anterior curve of the body, the anterior emargination of the thorax being slight or even absent. The head is nearly circular, generally a little, but only a little, broader than long, the eyes central, moderate in size and prominence, glob ular, the ocelli well behind them, pretty large, and as near each other as the neighboring eye. "^I'liorax about twice as broad as long, subtpiadrate the sides very variable, but the tapering usually confined to the anterior half, or very much stronger here than posteriorly, the front margin but slightly emarginate, usually also very broadly rounded or subtruncate, with a strongly arcuate anterior sulcation terminating next the sides of the head; the basal margin truncate. Scutellum precisely as in Necrocydiiu.s.
The species are pretty numerous, but are known only by one or two examples each. They are mostly of the smallest size, and all come from Florissant.
Table of the species of Thlibomenim.
Outer auterior aiigleH of the thorax jiromiuent, the leugth of the apical margin of the thorax not greatly less than that of the basal.
Thorax fully twice as broad as long 1. T, petreiiH.
Thorax Hcarcoly twice as broad ait long 'i. T. parvus.
HKMirTKKA— riETEKOrTKRA— PENTATOMIDJfi. 449
Uiiter anterior aiiKle* of tbu thorax well roiiudeil, the aiden ooiiBiderably oblique, lo that (ho aploal U much shorter than the hafinl luarRin of the thorax. Head broader than Iohk-
Thorax load than twice aH broad on loiift XT. ptreunalHi.
Thorax more than twice aa broad as Ioiik 4. T. /ImiMu*,
Head hinger than broad 5. T. manr.
1. Thlibomeniw PKTRKUB.
i
t
Head moderately large, about a third as broad as the thorax. Tho- rax ruthor more than twice aa broad an long, the length of the apical not greatly less tliaii the basal margin, Hince the sides do not greatly taper and the outer anterior angles are prominent; apical margin with a ver}- gentle and very broad eiiuirgi nation ; the surface even and very finely punctate. Scutellum moderate, sharply and regularly triangular, about two-thirds as broad as the thorax, broader than long, extending much less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium hardly reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, heavily punctate in serial rows. TibitB strongly but not very densely spined. Abdomen very full and rounded, fully as broad as long. Color black, the corium of hemelytra very dark castaneous, the membrane infumated.
Length, 4""" ; breadth, 2.25™"".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. Sof)?, 6613.
X
2. Thlibomenus parvus. PI. 19, Fig. 23.
Head small, hardly more than a fourth as wide as the large thorax. The latter scarcely twice as broad as long, with nearly straight, scarcely oblique sides and prominent outer anterior angles, so that the thorax tapers l)ut little, the length of the apical being but little less than that of the basal margin. There is a slight and short rounded emargination on the anterior border, and the surface is even and very shallowly punctate. Scutellum similarly punctate, very short, not nearly reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen, and hardly more than three-fifths as broad as the thorax. Hemelytra, with the corium. easily reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, more coai'sely punctate. Abdomen very broad and rounded, not nearly so long as broad. Of ;i uniform, griseous color. The parts in front
VOL XIII-
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T
450
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEIlldA.
IS
She
of the head and following; the coriuin of tho liomolytra on tlio plate are for- eign to tho Hpeciinen, which is not well represented there.
Lent'th, 3 25""" ; breadth, 2.25"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 4562.
3. TnLinoMKNi s perennatits.
Head very regularly rounded, considerably broader than long, about a third the width of the thorax. The latter is a little less than twice as broad as long, with tapering arcuate sides, the outer anterior angles well rouiuled but tolerably prominent, the apical border gently eniarginato for a distance about equal to a third of Oio base of the thorax. Scutelhun rather small, hardly more than half as broad as the thftrax, and shorter tiian broad, extending not nearly half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the surface and that of the thorax even, with the faintest and shallowest possible punctua- tion. Corium of the hemelytra hardly reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, very sparsely and rather faintly punctate. Abdomen broadly semiovate, of equal lengtli and breadth. Color a uniform testaceous where the pigment is not removed.
Length, 4""" ; breadth, 2.2:)"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 7841.
4. ThLIBOMENUS LIM08U8. PI. 28, Fig. 12.
Head precisely as in the last species. Thorax trapezoidal, a .ittle more than twice as broad as long, with rather rapidly tapering sides, the apical about three-fouiths the length of the basal margin, the former almost truncate, with the faintest possible arcuation throughout, the surface of the thorax even, faintly and finely rugulose. Scutellum obscure in the only specimens seen, but apparently large and triangular, and extending half- way to the tip of the abdomen. Corium occupying about three-fifths the hemelytra, serially and distinctly i)unctate. Abdomen well rounded, but distinctly longer than broad. Color blackish fuscous, the corium of heme- lytra fusco-testaceous.
Length, 4.5°"° ; breadth, 2.6""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5723, 13683.
J
r
IIHMIl'TKKA— HKTBROPTEttA-PKNTATOMID.*.
r>. TllLIUOMKNI'lS MACUK.
451
Head scarcely longei' than broad, small, not a quarter the width of the thorax. Thorax several times broader than lonjf, the sides very oblique, so that it tapers rapidly forward and has the front broadly rounded, with scarcely any sign of emargination opposite the head, the surface oven and apparently very coarsely granular. Scntellum similar, triangular, more than two-thirds us broad as the thorax, and shorter than broad, but reach- ing about half-way to the ti[) of the abdomen. Hemolytra with the coriuui rather short, coarsely and obscurely punctate. Abdomen well rounded, scarcely longer than broad. Color of the body black, the cerium fuscoua, membrane infumated.
Length, 4""" : breadth, 2.5""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2455.
5. CYRTOMENUS Amyot and Serville.
This tropical American type, with four or five species, one of them found in our Southern States, occurs also so far as the imperfect remains can determine in the Tertiary beds at Green River, where one species is found, remarkable for the great width of the head. It is the only fossil known.
Cyrtomenus concinnus. PI. 7, FiR. 14.
Cyrtomemia coneinnus Scudd., Hull. U. 8. ()«ol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 769 (1878).
This species is represe ited by a single specimen, a little smaller than C. niirabilis (Perty), but closely resembling it in general form. It is broadly ovate ; the head large, prominent, well rounded, nearly half the eyes pro- truding beyond the margin, the ocelli nearly one-fourth the diameter of the eyes, and situated next the hind border, very nearly half-way between the inner margin of the eyes and the middle line of the head. Thorax twice as broad as the head exclusive of the projecting part of the eye, more than twice as broad as long, the front margin rather deeply and regularly con- cave, the sides considerably convex, especially on the front half, the hind margin very broadly convex. Scutellum longer than the thorax, scarcely less taj)ering on the apical than on the basal half, the apex rounded, half as broad as the base, the whole about as long as the breadth at base. Teg-
452
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
mina very faint, but the coriuiii apparently tenuiuating just before the tip of the scuteUuni. Extremity of the abckinien very broadly rounded. The whole surface of the Lead, thorax, scutelluni, and probably of the coriuni uniforndy, very profusely, and minutely punctulate, otherwise smooth, excepting that there are also faint traces of a slight, transverse, median depres- .iion, and a similar longitudinal median depression on Hie thorax.
Length of body, 5.25""" ; of head, l.-i""' ; of thorax, l.S""™ ; of acu- tellum, 1.65""" ; breadth of head, 2""' ; of thorax, 3.5""" : diameter of eye, 0.25™".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4190.
6. DISCOSTOMA nom. nov. {Siauo?, OTOfxa).
This name is proposed for Lobostoma Ara.-Serv., preoccupied in mam- mals. The genus is (>o..iposed of only two or three species found in Cen- tral America and Guiana. It has never been recognized in a fossil state, and the specimen from Florissant is referred to it only tentatively until better material is at hand.
DlSCCSTOMA ''. sp. PI. 22, Fisi. «.
The ventral surface of an exceptionally large cydnid, showing the abdomen and a part of the legs and little more, is all that remains of the single specimen referred hero. l'"'rom its size one would naturally refer it to this genus or its neighbors, which contain the large.st species of the group; and besides, the hind i\h\vo. are furni.shed exteriorly, as in existing species of Discostoma, with a single line of fine spinules, the oidy charac- teristic available; wiiether the tibia' are cylindrical or flattened can not be iold. The abdomen is dark griseous, with a pale rounded semicircular spot seated on the outer margins of each segment, separated from its neigh- bors by the darker incisures, besides which the a|)ical margin of the first segment shows a narrow, blackish fuscous belt. Legs pale, the spines blackish ; oidy the basal part of the hind tibia* seen.
Probable length of Ijody, 18"""; breadth of abdomen, 8"""; length of hind femora, ,f^.""".
Florissant. i)ne specimen. No. 234.
HEMIPTERA-HETEUOPTEBA— PENTATOMIDJiJ.
453
Subfamily PENTATOMIDA Stal.
This group is one of tlie mosi prevalent of the subfainilies of Heterop- tera in the Eiu'opean Tertiaries, twenty-six species being found there, whicli have been referred to six genera: A\,\\ii, one species, Eurydema, our, Eusarcoris two, and lialys two, all from Oeningen, besides Penta- tonia, which has been accredited to Kadoboj, Aix, Salzhausen, and amber, but especially to Oeningen, where nine species have been recorded. Besides these a species of Pentatoma has been described from Greenland.
In our Westi !■' Tertiaries remarkably few examples of this group have been recovered, considering its abundance in the Old World, but neai'ly evei'y specimen is generically distinct from every other, for we have but thirteen species, and in only two instances have these more than a single specimen each, yet so different are they that they must be separated into ten genera ; only one of these, imperfectly known by a very remarkable head, can be referred to an existing genus, for in all the scutellum is remarkably triangular and e([Viiangular and destitute of the apical exten- sion common to living types. In this, as already stated, some of the Euro- pean species appear t) agree with them; it should, however, be noted that this agreement appears %r more marked in Heer's direct illustrations of the fossils than in his resto 'ations of the same species. Our species all come from Florissant, with a single xception.
Ttthle of ihe genera of Pcniatomida.
hitrnociiliir part of head Iosh tliiiii two mid ii lialftiiiios as long as broad.
Apex of MCntoUiiiii reaidiiii}; diHliiu-tly Ii'sh than half-way to the tip of tho abdoiupti.
Head in front of ojcn iiuadralc. tlid tvliiiii and jiiga of . 'similar longlh 1. Tileonchiiitu$.
Head in front of eyes laperin;;, tlie lylnin surpassing tlie jii{;a 2. Thmluachiiiliit.
Apex of scutelluui reachin;; half-way to ihii tip of the abdomen. Thorax leas than throe tinieH as liioad a» long.
Body regiilarly ovale throughout :{. Voteschiattm.
Body with i)araliel or nearly parallel sides.
Heailsliorter llian middle of t lie tliorax and more than half its width.. 4. CacotchialHS. Head lunger tluui tho middle of the tliorax and slighlly less than half as wide as the
tliorax 5. Malceotohiatut.
Thorax three or luoro than three times as broad as long.
Body at least half as long .again as tho width of the abdomen. Posterior lateral angle.H of thorax proniiueut.
Sides ol thorax in front id' lateral promiuences concave 6. PoUoichMut.
Sides ol thorax in front id' lateral prominences convex 7. rnilntomiliii.
Posterior lateral angles of iborax not prom nent H 2'irftohutuii.
Body loss lliaii half as nnig again as the width oltlie alidonieu U. Thlimmoachialiia.
Intraocular part of head t svo and a u itf times as long us broad 10. Mevooepliata.
I
III
li'-
m
454
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEKIOA.
1. TELEOSCHISTUS gen. nov. (t-Aco?, axiord?).
Head of moderate size, nearly lialf as broad as the thorax, and dis- tinctly broader than long, scarcely longer than the intraocular width, the portion in front of the eyes subquadrate, witji broadly rounded front, rounded angles, the tyluni and juga of equal length. Rostrum reaching, as seen through the specimen, opposiie a point a little i)eyond the base of the scutellum. The thorax is pentagonal, the base at least half as long again as the straight, oblique, posterior lateral margins, the nearly straight but slightly convex anterior lateral margins at right angles to the posterior and a little longer than they, the apical border emarginatc, for its whole length for the reception of the head, and less than half as long as the breadth of the widest part of the thorax and scarcely shorter than the middle length of the thorax. Scutellum triangular, vaulted, of nearly equal length and breadth, the tip angulate and not jiroduced, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Mesosternum much longer than the metasternum, the coxal cavities of the two hinder pairs of legs con'iguous, separated only by a common paries.
Three species are known, one of them from Britisli Columbia, the others from Florissant.
Table of the ipecies of 2'ehoschi»t:is.
ScateUum reaching very nearly balf-wiiy to the tip of the alxloiiii'ii 1. T. an«gMM«.
Soatellum reaching bare'.y two-fifths way to the tip of the abdoniou.
Punctuation of costal margin of f oriiini clustered along the edge, leaving an open snbniarginal streak free of punctures 2. T. rigoralun.
Pnoctuatioii of costal margin of corinra uniform ..,.,.. 3. T. placatiin.
\
1. Teleoschistus antiquus.
PL 2, Figs. 17-19.
JiutchMus antiquuB Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Smv. Can.. 1876-1877, 459-4til (l'*78).
The principal specimen is unusually perfect, and appears to be a male. The head is slightly longer than broad, equal beyond the expanding base, oroadly rounded and somewhat flattened in front ; the slight carin.T marking the borders of the middle lobe are parallel throuj^hout and extend to the front f the head. The thorax is so imperfectly preserved as to throw doubt upon tl". generic affinities of the insect, but it appears to have been more than ■ wice as broad as long, with a median furrow, and its front margin very slightly concave behind the head ; probably, also, it was considerably pro-
w
^
HEMlPTEltA— HETEKOPTEllA— PENTATOMIDJS.
455
duced at the hinder lateral angles, and had its lateral margin slightly den- ticulate anteriorly. The scutellum is large, a little narrower than the breadth of the base of the abdomen, of nearly equal length and breadth, pretty regu- larly triangular, but with a slight eniargination of the sides on then' basal half; the tip bluntly pointed and rounded off, extending a little way upon the middle of the strongly advanced fourth abdominal segment. The sur- face of the head, prothorax, and scutellum is covered pretty uniformly and abundantly with distinct round punctures, which are, however, deepest, most sharply defined, and so abundant as nearly to occupy the entire sur- face, on the front half of the head and next the margins of the prothorax. The corium of the tegmina includes more than half the wing, and is covered with punctures, deeply impressed, and much niirmter and more frequent than on the scutellum ; there is also a distinct vein passing down the middle, a little to one side, and another separating the davus from the corium, but distinct on the specimen only apically, where it is continuous with the inner margin of the membrane. The meo'brane is well rounded, but slightly pro- duced at the outer angle, and the space is occupied by nine nearly longi- tudinal veins, distributed in three sets of three each : tiie first set is composed of three obscure veins, pretty close together next the inner edge, originating from the same point, equidistant from one another, the innermost hugging the inner margin ; from apparently the same point originates the next cluster, starting in a single vein, which almost immediately forks, and sends its innermost branch parallel to those mentioned ; the other branch diverges strongly from it and again forks, the two branches ruiming parallel to the first ; while from opposite the point of origin of the last foi'k the third cluster *akes its rise, starting as a shouldered vein, which forks at its shoulder into two slightly divergent veins which run subparallel to the previous veins; but the innermost of these again forks beyond its middle, crowding the veins together at this point. There is also a short, tenth, independent vein close to the outer extremity of the produced coriaceous field. The outer margin of the wing is delicately wrinkled with a simulation of veinlets. The abdomen is ovate, somewhat regularly tapering at its outer half; the apex obscure but apparently regularly rounded ; the pleurae are punctured like the scu- tellum, while the dorsal surface is minutely and profusely but obscurely punctulate. Such portions of the chitine as remain are of an intense black. The specimen is apparently a mnle, but whether two small triangular pieces,
456
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
nearly equiangular, following the posterior edge of the sixth abdominal segment laterally, are to be considered the anal cerci is doubtful.
Directly beside this specimen, and, in fact, partly underlying it, are the abdomen and part of the sternum of another insect, which, although much smaller, should doubtless be regarded as the female of the same specie.^. This abdomen represents an under surface ; it is very rounded and ovate, the extremity well rounded, the sixth segment represented by a circular fissured plate. The sides of the abdomen are punctulate, as in the other specimen, but the punctulation dies out before reaching the middle of the abdomen. Little can be said of the other parts of the body, excepting that the rostrum appears to terminate at the front limit of the middle coxae, and the sternal parts of the thorax are coarsely punctate as above and more par- ticularly at the margins of the separate pieces.
Length of the malf 15'°'"; of head, 2.9'"'"; breadth of same beyond the base, 2.4"""; length of thorax, 3.25"""; of tegmina, 11'"'"; breadth of same near tip, 4.35"'" ; length of scutellum, 4.2'"'" ; breadth of same, 4.5'""' : greatest breadth of abdomen, 8'"'" ; breadth of its dorsal face at tip of scu- tellum, f!"'". Length of abdomen of female, measured beneath, 4""™; breadth of same, 5""'; width of fissured plate, 1.25""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 38, Dr. G. M. Dawson.
2. Tklkohchistus uigoratus.
PI. 28, Fig. 14.
Head punctate, the punctai moderately deep and rather sparse, ab.sent from the extreme back of the head. Thorax irregularly punctate, at the sides very deep and sharp, on the disk shallow and half obscured, every- where irregularly distributed and rather distant, showing, however, a tend- ency to run in lines in various directions but never crossing one another and generally transverse ; a straight, transverse, slightly impressed, broad sul- cation free of punctuation a little in advance of the middle of the apical half of the thorax. Scutellum jnuch more coarsely and more bluntly punctate, reaching barely two-fiiihs way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium punctate like the thorax, but distinct and sharp throughout, the punct«; along the costal vnargiu clustered next the edge, leaving an open, naiTOW, subnvirginal space free of punctuation. Whole body uniform griseous.
1
H EMIPTBBA—HETEKOITEKA— PENT ATOM ID.Ii.
457
1
Fiength, 16.7/>"""; breadth j'toss base of closed hemelytra, 7.5°"". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos, 8H66, 12072.
3. 'rEI.EOSCin.STUS I'LACATIKS. PI, 28, Fig. 3.
Head not preserved on the sinjjfle specimen known. Thorax bluntly punctate throughout, mostly rather coarsely, besides which the surface is more or less roughened except just in advance of the scutellum, where it is smooth, and the punctiw rather fine and a little shar[)er. 8cutellum reach- ing barely two-fifths way to the tip of the abdomen, uniformly punctate throughout like the greater part of the thorax. CJorium of hemelytra rather sharply, deeply, very uniformly and not very sparsely punctate, the punctJB with a tendency to a longitudinal arrangement. Body grisoous, corium of hemelytra griseo-castaneous, the clavus and costal field of corium darker, a pallid line following the sutiu-a davi, and, less distinctly, the lower edge of the principal costal vein and the outer margin of the broadly sinu- ous marginal suture ; membrane slightly infumated with a small but distinct dark triangular coriaceous spot at extreme inner base.
Length (without head), 12.75""" ; breadth at base of hemelytrp, 6.75""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5460.
2. THNP]T0SCH1STUS gen. nov. (©k^to?, GxiGr6^\
Body moderately slender with nearly parallel sides, ffead with prom-: inent moderately large eyes, scarcely broader than long, less than half the width of the thorax, scarcely shorter than it, the portion in front of the eyes as long as the part behind them, tapering, subtriangular, bluntly pointed, the tylum distinctly surpassing the juga ; antenna? with the basal joint not attaining the front of the head, the second apparently just longer than the thorax. Thorax two and a half times brop/^er than long, apparently with a slight angulate prominence at the base of the sides, in front of which the sides taper very rapidly, forming one curve with tht broadly rounded front, which has no emarginatiou for the reception of the head. Scutellum tri- angular with straight sides and bluntly angulate, not produced apex, con- siderably longer than the thorax, but not reaching half-w^y to the apex of the rather elongated produced abdomen.
A single species is known.
458
TEUTiAUV: 1NSE0T8 OF NUKTU AMERICA.
Thnetoschistiis revulsus. ri. 28, Fit;. 0.
Whole body griseous, the jngn apparently lighter than the tyluni, the merabraiiL' faintly int'iuuated. Head faintly, sliallowly, and coarsely punc- tate ; thorax distinctly, rather sparsely, and coarsely punctate ; scutelhim still more coarsely punctate, but oth ^rwise similar ; corium of hemelytra punctate like the thorax, but less coarsely and less sparsely.
Length, U..')'""'; breadth of base of thorax, 6.5°"".
Florissant. One s])ecimen, No. 1.837, collected by the Princeton Expedition.
;5. P0TESCHISTIT8 gen. nov. (n-rfrt, axiOT(i<).
Remarkable for the regularly ovate form of the body. fHead imfortu- nately wanting.] Thorax more or less broken and crushed, so as to render its precise forin indeterminable, but apparently it was uniformly vaulted, nearly twice as broad na long, tapering from the very bjise with no lateral projections, the sides .urcuate and tapering pretty regularly, the outer anterior auirles well rouaded, the fipical margin less than half the width of the base, gently and regularly emaacgiiiate for the reception of the head. Scuniell4Xiiii triangular, uh long as bi'oa*! by reason <»f the arcuation at the bii«f of tht otherwise atniighr sides -die rip angniakte, n<.- in the lea.st rounded or produced, reachiii- ;i !ialf-v ly to the tip of the SKmiewhat conical
abdoxnen. wirich the kMmelyxra sumaae a little,
A Hivpie iq>ecies m known.
POTESCHISTTS OltNUBILUS. n. 28, Fig. Ilk
is smooth except frir an exceedingly sparse, low, and incon- ■Scutellura, on the contrary, very coarsely graiailate
on
iiMbsA msi iem rtp«r»tely ; tbe hemelytra midway between the two and ndgrwkk^ iamm: membranal Hottirf with a barely perceptible arcuation
' ig ontwvnl, lititl the otlu rwi>e clear but faintl} veined tnembrane fous at its " Mti inie inner base, between the membranal siiture and the end of the claval suture. Whole body brownisli griseou-., the scutellum lighter.
Length, excluding head, 13.7,V"'»: breadth, 7.5""".
Florissant. One i»i>ecimen, No. 1472.
%/M3
t
h
^^^^
HEMIPTERA— UKTKKOrTEKA— PENTATOMIDJ*!.
459
4. CACOSCHISTUS gen. nov. (wa«o?, axianU).
.Closely related to Miitieoscliistus, from which it ditterH mainly in the structure of the hv.iu], whicli is hruath^r, with a h'.ss la-omiiicnt front; it is more than half as broad as the thorax, the eyes very large, the portion in front of them scarcely tapering, not so long as the eyes, broadly rounded apically, the tylum and juga of equal length, the whole head but little longer than the intraocular space. Thorax in the middle considerably longer than the head, two and a half times as broad as its middle length, tapering from the very base, at first slightly, afterwards rapidly, with the outer anterior angles well rounded l)y the arcuation of the sides and not at all prominent, and posteriorly with no lateral projection whatever, the apical border rather deeply emarginate for the reception of the head, the middle half of the emargination hardly arcuate. Scutellum triangular, with straight sides and an angulate, in no way produced apex, which barely reaches half- way to the tip of the abdomen, which the hemelytra surpass. Body rather slender (for this group) with parallel sides.
A single species is known.
CaCOSCHISTUS MACEHIATU8. PI. 28, Fig. 2.
The head appears to be smooth : the thorax rather coarsely, \ery sparsely, and irregularly i^ranulate ; the scutellum and corium uf hemelytra simihu'h' but more closely and le«» irregularly granulate ; corium of hemelytra long, the membrane hardly occupying more than ^ he apical fourth. Whole body blackish griseous.
Length, including heraelyt^^ 14.75""" ; breadth, 6™
Florissant. ( >ne specimen, Nos. 13318 and 13319.
F>. MATiEOSCHlSTUS get nov. {/xaraioi, axiorS?).
Of the general form of Euschistus l)ut far more elongate, with parallel sides, probably not far removed from Mecocephala. Head broad at Ixise, the eyes being large ; Ijeyond tapering and prolonged, almost exactly as in the typical Mecocephala, the tip bemg, however, more broadly rounded, the whole head twice as long as its intraocular breadth ; tylum apparently a little longer than the juga: first joint of antenna' not nearly Jittaining the
460
TERTIARY INSEOTB OF NORTH AMP}RrOA.
i|fl>
front of the head, the second slightly longer than the head. Thorax in mid- dle a little shorter than the head, abont two and a half times as broad as the middle length, the posterior half of equal width, in front tapering rapidly by the oblique straight sides, the apical nearly half as broad as the basal mar- gin and roundly emarginate to receive the head. Scutelluni triangular, with straight sides and angulated ape.x in no way produced, reaching half- way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra considerably surpassing the abdomen.
A single species is known.
Mat^:oschistits limigknus.
The whole body with the antenna' and legs blackish or blackish gris- eous ; the outer margins and sides of the head appear to be darker than the central portions, the corium of the hemelytra evidently testaceous and the membrane dear. The head appears to be smooth ; the thorax is coarsely, and the scutellum very coarsely, granulate, and the corium of the hemelytra faintly granulate on the basal portions like the thonix.
Length, 141)""": breadth of thorax, 6""".
Florissant. One .specimen, No. 1.1095, obtained by the Princot(m Col- lege ExpeJ.ition.
6. POLIOSCHISTUS gen. nov. (TroXib?, axiord?).
Body with the general form of Euscliistus. Head of moderate size, the part in front of the eyes subquadrate, a trifle broader than the intraoc- ular sjjaco, the tylum and jugfi, of ecjual lengtii, the outer angles of the lat- ter a little rounded. Thorax very short, neai-ly or (juite four times as broad as the median length, the posterior part of the sides laterally produced to a blunt, stout knob, increasing the width of the thorax but little, the sides in front rapidly tapering with a concave curve. Scutellum large, broad, triangular, with an angulate and in no way produced apex, reaching half- way or a little more than half-way to the tip of the abdomen.
Two species are known, both from Florissant.
Table of the species of PolioKchistun.
PiiiR'timtiou of corium relatively delicatt), the puuctie usually suparatetl by Diiicli more thau their own diameter; hemelytra 1«sh than half as louf; as scutellum 1, p. Ugadia.
Punctuation ot' corium relatively coarse, the puuctie usually separated byoulyso much as orvery little more than tlwir own diametvr : hemt>lytra morn thun twice as long aw Mcutellum..a. /*. lapidariuf.
I
HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTERA— PKNTATOMIU.K.
461
«9
le
1. PoiJOHClllHTUS LIOATUS. PI. 28, Pig. 7,
Head distinctly, latlier deuaely, and not very coarsely punctate Thorax much more coarsel)' granulate. Scutellum faintly and rather coarsely punctate. Hemelytra less than twice as lonj? as the scutellum, the punctuation of the corium rather delicate, the \mwtiv being usually sep- arated by much more than their own diameter. Whole body uniformly blackish griseous, the membrane of hemelytra infumated.
Length of body, 11™"'; hemelytra, 7.5"""; scutellum, 4"'"'; breadth of thorax at base, 5.25""" ; at prominences, 6.7.^)""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 285fi.
2. POLIOSCHISTUS LAPIDARIUS. PI, 28, Fig. 10.
Of this species, evid«»tly nearly related to the last, only the scutellum and one of the hemelytra are ])reserved. The scutellum is heavily and coarsely punctate, scarcely shorter than broad, apically angulate, with straight sides. The hemelytra are more than twice as long as the scutel- lum, the punctuation of the coiium much less coarse but distinct and deep, the punctfe separated usually by only so much as or very little more than their own diameter. The scutellum is l)lackish griseous, the corium dark testaceous, the membrane distinctly infumated. It is a larger species than
the last.
Length of hemelytra, 10"'"' ; scutellum, 4.6""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 1112.
7. PP:NTAT0MITES gen. nov. (Pentatoma nom. gen.).
This name is proposed for an obscure form of Pentatomida-, which can not be placed with any of the others, and which is too incomplete to char- acterize accurately. The head is nearly half as broad as the base of the thoi'ax, with prominent eyes, but the front too broken to determine anything about it. Thorax slightly more than h^»,lf as long as the basal margin, the sides produced into broad rounded lobes, which increase the width of th«> thorax by fully one-half : in front of the widest expansion the sides are
462
TKUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEBIUA.
arcuate, convex, merging into the broadly rounded apical margin, which in naiTowly and slightly emarginate for the reception of the head. Scutelluni ('(juiangular, with straight (and not, aa given on the plate, convex) sides, longer than the thorax, the apex bluntly angular and in no way produced, reaching loss than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. A single specios is known.
Pentatomitks foliarum. JM. 2H, Fi«. I.
A single specimen with partly spread hemelytra, both extremities broken, is the only rejjresentative at hand of this species, which differs con- siderably from all others. The head is rather tinely and very sparsely punctate. The thorax and scutellum, and especially the latter, are much more coarsely but (piite as sparsely punctati', vvliile the punctuation of the corium of the hemelytra is between the two but rather less sparse; the membranal suture of the hemelytra is rigidly straight and marked by a dark line. The body is blackish griseous. much more conspicuous on the scutellum and disk of thorax than elsewhere, the corium of hemelytra merely infuscated, the membrane faintly infumate.
Length of fragment, 1.')"""; probably length of body, 16.6""": breadth of thorax, !»"'"'; abdomen, 6.h""'\
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7929
8. TIllOSCHISTUS gen. nov. (re/po), axiffr^?).
Head rounded, l)roader than long, with remarkably little projection in advance of the eyes ; antenna; about twice as long as the head and thorax together, the first joint short, barely surpassing,' if surpassing, the head, the second longest and about aa long as the width of the head, the third and fourth equal and each about three-fourths the length of the second, all slender beyond the basal joint, the fifth unknown. Thorax transverse and semilunar, only slightly broader in advance of, than at, the base at the hiteral angulation, which is not at all prominent. Scutellum large, triangu- kr, simple, slightly longer than broad, about as long as head and thorax together, but reaching only half-way to the tip of the abdomen.
A single species is known.
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HKMII'TKRA— IIKTKKOI'TKHA-I'KNTATOMIU.K. 463
TiROSCHISTrs INDURKSOENS. PI. 22, Flff. 4.
Hencl finely and . nsoly fjfniniilate ; antoinia* vorv minutely punrtnlato, with an oxceodin<fly fino median carina on the upper surfaee. Thonix and Hcutellum more coarsely, less distinctl}', an<l more sparsely giuuulate, the corium of the hemelytra still more obscurely, so as not to be noticeable. Head, thorax, and scutelluui blackish or black. Corium and clavus of hemelytra very light colored, almost colorless, with the base largel}' l)lack- ish fuscous and the apex occupied next the costal margin with a very large roundish fusco-castaneous spot, the sutura clavi infuscated and punctate, the membrane ])allid at base but the whole ai)ical two-fifths or more occu- pied by a fusco-castaneous cloud, densest basally, fading toward the edge.
Length, 10.75"""; l)readth of base of thorax, 4"'".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 11784.
9. THLBLVOSCHISTUS gen. nov, {e\{/3co, axiarO';).
Head moderately large, rounded, half as broad as the tliorax, almost equally long and brond, the front rounded and not produced beyond the rounded curve of the whole head ; antenna- with the basal joint distinctly surpassing the front, the remaining joints very slender, the second longest, the others subequal and each about two-thirds as long as the second, all together half as long as the body. Thorax fully three times as broad as the median length, yet tapering from the base with no lateral prominences, the sides very oblique and straight, the apical margin deeply emarginate to receive the head. Scutellum large (not shown on plate, being very obscure), reaching fully two-thirds way to the tip of the short abdomen, but triangular with straight sides and an angnlate and in no way produced apex. Abdo- men very broad and short, the extremity very broadly rounded, the whole body being less than half as long again as the width of the abdomen.
A single species is known.
ThLIMMOSCHISTUS GKAVIIJATU8. PL 28, Figs. 11, 19.
Whole body uniforudy rather obscurely and sparsely and not promi- nently granulate and blackish, llciuulytra the «anio but only pale and
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464
TKKTIAItY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
more or less infiimiited, the costal margin of the coriiim infuscated, and at the apex of the same a large, round, blackish, clondy spot ; membra)ie infumated to the same degree as the corium, but the apical two-fifths over- lain by a similar black cloud, which fades a little next the margins of the wing.
Length, 9"""; breadth of thorax, o.5™"'; abdomen, 6.25"'".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 8471, 10405.
10. MECOCEPHALA Dallas.
To this genus belongs a single living insect from Uruguay. It is the only geiius that seems to have been published in which the head is pro- longed to an equal degree, which tapers throughout, and in which the mid- dle lobe is not surpassed by the lateral lobes. Quite similar in this respect is a fragment from Florissant, which unfortunately consists of the head
Mecocephala sp. PI. 28, Fig. 8.
The base of the head, including the large eyes but not the parts behind, is a little more than twice as broad as long, but in front the head is prolonged, so that the postocular part is ?,s long as the entire breadth of the head. This portion tapers, at first rapidly until it has reached the intra- ocular width, then gradually to the apex, which is scarcely more than a third the intraocular width ; the tip is roundly truncate. At first appear- ance, and as given in the plate, the whole seems to be made up of the lat- eral lobes, the middle lobe being in fact very slender but enlarging a little at the apex. The whole is blackish fuscous and the surface of the base coarsely, of the frontal projection finely, and in both shallowly and obscurely, punctate.
[iength of head, 5™"'; breadth, including eyes, 3.5"""; tip of prolonga- tion, 0.65"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 3007.
In working out these fossil Coleoptera I have been greatly indebted to my friends, Dr. George H. Horn, the late Dr. John L. LeConte, and espe- cially Mr. Samuel Henshavv, and have had free access to the collections of Mr. Ilenshaw, as well as to those of Mr. E. P. Austin while in Mr. Hen- shaw's keeping, and of the late Mr. George D. Smith, for all of which I wish to expi'ess my grateful thanks.
For the remainder of this volume no general comparisons are presented undsr the different groups, as, with rare exceptions, none of the Florissant species are described, an.1 until they are, the American fauna can not be fairly discussed.
Family ANTHRIBID^E ^A^ate^house. CHORAGUS Kirby.
CHORAGrS FICTILIS. PI. S, Fig. 9.
A single specimen, not very distinctly preserved, represents this species. It shows a partially dorsal and partially lateral aspect. The head is well rounded, the mouth parts triangularly produced, to a greater extent and more pointed than shown in the plaie. The antenna; are aj^parently inserted upon the upper surface of the beak, and are more or less clubbed, which circum- stances have made it seem probable that the insect belonged here. The antennae, however, appear to become thickened into a club throughout all the distal half, and are thus different fro n Choragus; they can be seen to be jointed, but with such indistinctness that the number cf joints involved in the club is uncertain. The thorax is quadrate and apparently half as long as broad, wl ile tlio exceedingly obscure elytra are seen to be feebly striate ; the
vol* XIII 30 405
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466
TERTIARY INSECTS OP FORTH AMERICA.
body is unfortunately broken across the elytra, which has given the draw- ing an anomalous appearance.
Length of body, 2.4™"' ; of antennae, O.S"™ ; breadth of body, 0.75""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 106 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
BRACHY.TARSUS Schonherr.
BkACHYTARSUS PRI8TINU8.
PI. 7, Fig. 26. Brachijtartm priitinus Boudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 87 (1976).
The single specimen obtained is very poorly preserved and frag- mentary. The head is roundish, with siiiall circular eyes 0.08""" in diame- ter. The prothorax is subquadrate, considerably larger thau the head and nearly as broad as the body at the base of the elytra; the latter are broken.
Length of fragment, 2.1""" ; breadth of same, 0.84"'"' ; length of head, 0.39""' ; breadth of same, 0.4""' ; of thorax, 0 64"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 15216 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson).
CRATOPARIS Schonherr.
Cbatopaeis eepertus.
PI. 8, Fig. 4.
Cratoparis repertus Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 768 (1878).
A single specimen shows the fragment of an elytron, which is referred to this genus fiom the character of the punctuation and the arrangement of the striae. It closely resembles C. lunatus Fahr. in these points, but must have belonged to a slenderer insect, about as large as C. lugubris Fahr. The.-e are eleven strise or rows of pretty large, subconfluent, short, longi- tudinal dashes or oval puictures, deeply impressed, the outer of which fol- lows the extreme margin, excepting apically ; the inner stria also runs very near the border; the intorspaceb between the first and second and between the second and third strise are equal and a little broader than the interspaces between the other stri* ; the inner margin is delicately grooved next tlie base, as in C confusus.
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COLEOPTERA— ANTHEIBID^.
467
Lengtli of fragment, 4.3°"° ; width of elytra, 1.6""" ; width of interspace between second and third stria;, 0.21"""; between third and fourth striae, 0.13™™.
Grtc^ River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4035.
CrATOPARIS ? ELU8US.
PI. 8, Fig. 40,
Cratoparia f elutwt Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 768-769 (1878).
To this I refer doubtfully two specimens, neither of them very perfect, which appear to belong together, and to represent an insect allied at least to Cratoparis and of about the size of C. lunatus Fahr. It appears to have a short rostrum, a moderately smaL but rather tumid head with circular eyes; thorax not greatly attenuated anteriorly, but profusely punctate, with mod- erately large and i-ather shallow jiunctures ; elytra arched, nearly three times longer than the thorax when measured over the curved back, furnished with slight and faintly impunctured stria; ; the surface botween the striae also punctured, but very faintly.
Length of body, 7.5"""' ; of thorax, 2.25""' ; of elytra, 5..5"".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4012, 4060.
HORMISCUS Waterhouse.
HoRMISCUS PARTITUS. PI. 8, Fig. 17.
A single specimen showing the upper su' ""ace of a minute beetle seems to fall in this immediate vicinity. Only a little of the head is shown, pro- truding as a rounded mass in front of the minutely punctate thorax, which is subquadrate with gently rounded sides, scarcely tapering anteriorly. The elytra at their base, as throughout their basal two-thirds, are together half as broad again as the thorax, and are marked by straight longitudinal rows, of which eight are visible on each elytron, of large round punctures, about as distant in each row as the rows are from one another.
Length, 2.75"" ; of elytra, 1.8"" ; breadth of thorax, 0.9"" ; oftegmina, 1.4"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen (Dr. A. >S. Packiird)
468
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Family SCOLYTIDyE Kirby. HYLASTES Erichson.
HyLASTES I SQUALIDENS.
PI. 1, Figs. 23-25. Sooljtidw sp. Scndil., Can. Ent., XVIIT, l!l4-l!)6 (1980).
Prof. G. J. Hindfi sent me a branch of a conifer obtained by him from the ir.tei glacial clays near Toronto on account of its being scored with insect tracks. From an examination of the cell structure Dr. G. L. Goodale has determined it to be the branch of Juninerns communis. It is about 12.;V" in length and 13 by 18""" in thickness; the broader surface is shown of the natural size in PI. 1, Fig. 23, and the scorings, which over a considerable part of the surface, are made by several distinct tracks of a scolytid larva, which appears to be referable to liylastes, Phloeosinus, or some near ally. There are parts of at least six different sets of tracks on this small frag- ment, portions of all of which may be seen in the figure, ann are marked by the different letters at the sides. The whole of that seen at d is erdarged in Fig. 24, which shows a little more than can be seen in Fig. 23d.
The mating chamber is more or less triangular, resembling often a shark's tooth in form (whence the name) generally equiangular or tridentate, the apex upward (see especiall}'^ c, d). Two of these chambers from which no main galleries take their rise occur on the stick ; they may, however, have some other explanation, since they are much narrower and much more deeply excavated than the other mating chambers. Possibly they were unsatisfactory to the constructor and left unfinished.
From the mating chambers, which are not deep and are about 3"'™ in diameter, pass the main galleries ; these generally run obliquely, but more nearly transverse than longitudinal (as in Fig. 24), are subequal, and take their rise one on either side of the mating chamber at the lateral angles and run in exactly or .almost exactly opposite directic^s. In one case, however (fi), there is but one main gallery, and in anothei- (/) they are at right angles to each other, one being longitudinal ; but in this latter case the mating chamber is in the reverse of the usual position, the apex being downward. These main galleries vary from 1.5 to 8""" in length, and are slightly more than a millimeter wide, with dentate edges, marking probably the sinuses wlteJ'o the eggs are Isiid by the parent.
COLEOPTERA— SCOLYTID.E,
469
At least this is the custom with tiio mining beetle^5 ; but here, as in some other rare cases, the young hirvaj do not begin to mine at right angles to the main gallery, but all start from one spot, either the summit of the mat- ing chamber or the extremity of one of the main galleries, and thence burrow in irregular and somewhat interlacing mines in a longitudinal direction (see Fig. 24), but nearly all apparently either upward or else downward, not, as usually, in ihe two directions almost equally. Apparently they may often turn upon their course again and again, or they may mine in an almost perfectly straight line or in a tortuous line for as nnich as 5"'", in the whole of which distance the mine w'U scarcely have doubled in width ; indeed, in many cases it is difficult to tell in wliich direction the larva has moved. The greatest width of these mines is scarcely more than half a millimeter and +hey vary greatly in depth. The depth of those at a may be seen in the enlarged drawing of this portion in Fig. 25.
The connection between the main gallery and the mines is often ob- scure, owing doubtless to the younger larvaj burrowing more in the bark than in the wood (the bark bei»ig here entirely lost). In one case (c) there is vi mating chamber and a pair of short galleries, but nothing more ; here apparently the mother fell a prey to some enemy before oviposition.
This mode of origin of the larval mines seems to be different from any- thing hitherto described, and it is therefore difficult to decide to what minor group of insects the creature constructing the mines belonged. In tlie Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge is a mine of Scolytus rugulosus on cherry, which shows a somewhat similar distribution of the larval mines, emerging and diverging from one point of the matiiig chamber ; but the main galleries are reduced to almost nt)thing, and the figures of the mines of this species given by Ratzeburg are altogether different
This specimen is one of those branches " of some coniferous tree," which Mr. Hinde in his article on the glacial and interglacial strata of Scarboro Heights,' states to occur in the layers between the beds of clay and sand found between his "till No. 1 " and " till No 2," and which are described as "flattened by pressure, their edges . . . worn as if they had been long macerated in water." Tliis is exactly true of the present fragment.
> Can. Jour. So. Lit. Hist., XV, 388-413, plate, 1877.
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470 TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF IIOIITU AMElilCA.
DRYOCiETES Eichliorn.
DRYOCiETES 1MPRESSU8. IM. 8, Fig. 28.
Trupodendron imprenms ScuiUl., Bull. U.S. ttool.Geogr. Surv. Torr., li, SI (IJ^^e); Dryocwtes impremm Scu.ld., Hull. IJ. S. G«ol. Qoogr. S.irv. Terr., IV, ri,/-.OS (1878).
This species has the prothorax punctured iis distinctly as the elytra, and the punctures on the elytra show but a slight tendency to a longitudi- nal arrangement. The punctures of the prothorax are longitudinally obo- vate, a very little more fiequent than on the elytra, equally distributed throughout; on the elytra they are also equally distributed, but circular, about 0.04""° in diameter, and average 0.1""" in distance apart ; they have but an obscure longitudinal arro,ngement into nineteen or twenty rows, and the successive punctures of each row are at about the same average distance apart as those of two contiguous rows. The species is of about the size of D. septentrionalis (Mann.), but has more of the markings of D. affaber (Mann.), although the punctuation of the elytra is not so distinctly separable into longitudinal series.
Length of prothorax, 1.28™™ ; height of same, 1.44"'"' ; length of elytra, 2.8"""; breadth of same, 1.24™"'.
Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. ir)218 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson), 4009, 4048, 4091 (Bowditch and Scudder).
DBYOCiETES CAKBONAKIUS.
PI. 8, Fig. G.
Dryocwtes carbouariHS Sc.dd., IJiiU. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 76ri (1878).
Another species, not very closely allied to the last, is represented by a single, rather mutilated specimen, which is pitchy-black, and consists of part of the head, thorax, and elytra. The head is rather long, faintly and not very closely punctured, the eye moderately large and circular. The thorax is proportionally ionger than in the preceding species ; the front margin recedes a little on the sides, and the surface is subrugose by sub- confluent punctures, the walls of which form wavy ridges having a longi- tudinal direction. The elytra are broken at the tip ; tlieir outer anterior angle is obliquely excised, and the outer margin behind it straight, not sin- uate, as in the preceding species ; the surface is rather coarsely, but very
i
COLBOPTEBA— CUHOULIONIDJS.
471
faintly granulate, more distinctly next the base, but even here very vaguely ; and there are faint indications of three or four distant, simple,
longitudinal strife.
Length of the fragment as curved, 4""" ; of head, l.r"'! ; of thorax, 1.3"""; probable length of elytra, S.irv- ; width of same, l.S""'; diameter
of eye, O.Sr)"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 3999.
Family CURCULIONID^ Leach. CRYPTORHYNCHUS Illiger.
CrYPTORHYNCHLS ANN0SU8
PI. 8, Fig. 3.
Cryptorhnnclm, annosu, Sc.idd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 8li-S7 (1876).
The fragmentary specimen is exposed on a side view, with head, front of prothorax, and all the legs gone, and the elytra a little broken. The pro- thorax is profusely and uniformly pitted with moderately shallow nits, averaging .OG-"' in diameter; the elytra are traversed by longitudinal costa;? five of which are much more prominent than the others, with sharp! unbroken edges and equidistant from one another, the outer ones iu close proximity to the sutural and outer edges; the other costa3 are obscure, slightly elevated, rounded, broken to a greater or less extent into raised points ; midway between the first and second prominent cost* (count- irg from the outer margin) there is an exactly similar prominent costa on the basal third of the elytron ; the prominent cost* are 0.2"™ apart.
Length of the prothorax, 0.88">-' ; height of same, 1.04"- length of elytron, 1.96""" ; breadth of same, 1.08"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 15223 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson).
GYMNETRON Schonherr.
Gymnetron lecontei. PI. 8. Fig. 20.
Gymnelron leeonlei Scudd., Ball. U. 8. Gcol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 767 (1878).
A single well preserved .specimen, with its reverse, lies in such a posi- tion as to show a partly lateral and partly dorsal view ; the legs are also pre-
472
TEHTIARY INSECTS OF NOUTII AMKHIOA.
served, so tlmt it, is one of the most perfect of tlie CJrci'ii IJiver Ooleopteru. The small heutl, long and slender, straight, and drooping snout, the tapering thorax, broad and short striate elytra, thickened femora, and long and slender tibiaj leave little doubt that it should be referred to Gymnetron or to its immediate vicinity. It is very nearl}- as large as G. teter Scliiinh., with which it closely agrees in rlmost every part. The tliird tarsal joint is simi- larly expanded. The real length of the rostrum can not l)e deternn'ned from the position of the insect, but it is apparently as long as the head and thorax together, is very nearly straight, slender, scarcely eidarged, and obliquely docked at the tip ; only a portion of the antennal aerobes (!an be seen ; this is in the middle of the beak, where the groove is narrow, deep, sharply defined, and inclined slightly downward toward the base of the beak. The thorax is subrugulose, and the surface of the elytra smooth, with distinct, but not deeply in)piessed, very faintly punctured striae. The whole speci- men is piceous.
Length of body, S.IS'""" ; of snout, 1""" (?) ; of head and thorax, 0.9""" ; of thorax, 0.75"'"'; of elytra, 2.25"'"'; of hind tibi», 1.6"""; distance apart of elytral stria- O.!'""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4030 and 4047.
ANTHONOMUS Germar.
Anthonomus sopokus.
PI. 8, Fig. 16.
A single elytron is preserved, in excellent condition. It is, however, completely flattened, bringing the apex, which is scarcely angulate, in the middle. There are nine equidistant, rather coarse, not greatly elevated (perhaps partly flattened by pressure), coarsely beaded ridges (represent- ing) by reversal, strije) besides the sutural ridge, the third and fourth from the sutural being a little shorter than the others, which increase regularly in length from within outward. The smooth, flat interspaces are fully twice as broad as the strisie.
Length of elytron, 2""" ; breadth, 0.9""°.
The elytron differs from that of A. defossus previously described from the Florissant Tertiaries in its greater size and apparently greater slender-
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473
nesH. Tho speciinons of A. defossus ox!imiiiu«l jrive, however, u lateml view and rendei comparison jioniewliat difficult.
Green River, Wyoming'. One specimen, No. 48 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
HYLOBIUS Germar.
HyLOHIUS PR0VECTU8.
PI. 8, Figs. 37, 41.
ITylobius pr'-vrcUu Sciuld., Bull. II. .S. Gool. Geogr. Siirv, Terr., II, 86 (187e); IV, 7(i7 (1878),
The single specimen first found is very poorly preserved, being not only fragmentary but faintly impressed; the rostrum is broken, so that its length can not be determined, but the general facies of the insect resembles that of H. picivorus Germ, so closely that it nuist be referred to the same genus. The rostrum is rather stout ; the antennal scrobes are slender, anil commence not far beyond the eyes ; the eyes are very large, transverse obovate, with an interior clear space, as described in Epicterus saxatilis Scudd., with very small facets, scarcely 0.02"'"' in diameter. The thorax is rather small, but apparently partially conv;ealed by the way the specimen is crushed, not very tumid, and entirely smooth. The elytra are of much the same form as those of the species of Epicairus just mentioned, provided with slender, shallow, impressed lines, about 0.22'"'" apart ; the lattei- are rather delicately punctured, the punctures a little less distant from one another than are the rows; the number of rows can not be determined from this specimen.
Length, exclusive of rostrum, 5""" ; length of broken rostrum, 0.45""" ; of eyes, O.O""™ ; breadth of same, 0.44'""' ; length of elytra, 4""".
Another specimen, taken by Mr. Bowditch at the same locality as tlie other, shows the character of the rostrum. The specimen is strangely pre- served, as there appears to be a second rostrum, a perfect counterpart of the first, attached to it at the tip; perhaps this belongs to another indi- vidual, of which the rostrum only is preserved. The rostrum is about as long as the thorax, scarcely tapering as viewed laterally, gently curved, with a median, lateral, longitudinal groove, directed toward the middle of the eye, just as in H. confusus Kirb., besides the aatennal scrobes, which are directed obliquely toward its base.
474
TKUTIAUY INSKC'JS OF NORTH AMKIIICA.
Grc'cii River, Wyoiniiig. Two spocimens, Noh. 4051 (F. C. Bowditch), 152irj (F. C. A. Kiclumlson).
LISTRONOTUS Jekel.
L18TRONOTU8 MURATU8. PI. 8, Fig. 23.
A small species, represented by a single specimen showing a lateral view. The beak is a little longer than the thorax, tolerably stout (not tapering, as the figure would seem to represent it), the antennal groove reaching nearly to the tip, the eye moderately large, round. The whole body is rather slender, the thorax tapering slightly forward from just beyond its base, faintly and sparsely punctulate ; the fore femora increase pretty uniformly in size from the base to near the tip, where they are twice as broad as near tlie base. Elytra with distant thin strijr.
Length of body, not including rostrum, 4.75""' ; of head and rostrum combined, 1.75'"™; of pronotum, 1.2'"'°; of elytra, 3.25""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 90 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
ENTIMUS German
TIMUS PEIM0BDULI8 PI. 5, Figs. 109, 109a.
Entimus pnmordialia .Soiidcl., Bull. U. 8. Qeol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 81 (1876) j in Zittel, Handb. d.
PaliBont., I, ii. 789, Fig. lOU (1885).
Besides a crushed elytron there are only some indeterminate fragments of the neighboring parts of the body. The form and sculpturing of the elytron resemble those of the Brazilian diamond-beetle so closely that I place the species provisionally in the same genus, or until further remains are obtained. The insect must have been rather small for an Entimus, is of about the usual size of the species of Otiorhynchus, and it is not at all im^ obable that it should be referred to the latter genus, some species of which have elytra with similar sculpturing and approximately the same form. The elytron is traversed by ten similar, stout and coarse, longitudi- nal costse, most of which are broken up by transverse depressions into bead-like hemispherical prominences ; at the tip of the elytron, however, and on the apical half of the inner two costae this irregularity is nearly or
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_ ■ifiti' WS«iac'5tii-£rL!VS*l!**2'^
COLliOrXHUA— OTIOKIIYNCIIID.K.
475
quite lost sif^ht of; tho odgos of the elytron for ivhoiit the widtli of one of the costic is ulao siuootii and doproHsod ; th" front border in sinuous, iind the suturul niiirjcin appears tho same on the stone, from the compression tho elytron has uiidergone, whicli was sufficient to split it down the middle through half its length.
Length of fragment, 8"'"' ; greatest breadth of unsplit portion, 4""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Family OTIORHYNCHID^E Shuckard.
J:UDIAG0GUS Schiinberr.
«
EUBUGOGIIS TEUItOSUB.
PI. 8, Fig. 29.
Endiagogut terroiiu Scudd., Ball. IT. 8. Geol. Geo^jr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 766-707 (1878).
This species, which seems more properly referable to Eudiagogus than the others formerly so named by me, is represented by a single specimen and its reverse, preserved on a side view. The snout is short, as long as the eyes, scarcely so long as the head, and stout ; the eyes transverse, rather large, subreuiform. The thorax appears to be smooth, like the head, deep and short, its front border e.xtending forward on the sides toward the lower part of the eye. The elytra, the lower surface of which does not appear to be in view, are broad and long, rectangular at tip, furnished with more than eight rows of frequent, rounded, moderately large and shallow punct- ures, and between each pair of rows a similar row with smaller punctures.
Length of body, 6""° ; of elytra, 4.55°"" ; of eyes, 0.5""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4024 and 4078.
TANYMECUS Germar. Tanymecus seculorum.
PI. 8, Fig. 22.
A single specimen preserved on a side view shows all the parts of tho body tolerably well, but oidy a confused mass of appendages. Unfortu- nately the plate was engraved before the whole of the head, and especially the rostrum, was uncovered, and the eye-like spot there shown is wholly
i)
470
TliUTIAHY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
accidental, no sucli protuberance oxisting. The general appearance is very similar to that of our common species of Tanymecus. The head and beak combined are .•< little shorter than the thorax, and the eye is circular, removed b> les;-i than half its diameter irom the middle of the front border of the prothorax and but little narrower than the tip of the rostrum. The head and rosti-um appear to be nearly smooth, the prothorax to be coarsely and somewhat transversely rugulcse, and the stria? of the elytra to be coarse, with large and deep punctures, which grow smaller and sliallower in the apical half. All this is shov/n only in reverse, the single specimen being a revorse.
Length, 6.5""'; of head, including rostrum, l.S"""; of pronotum, 1.6""° ; of elytra, 4"""; breadth of thorax, 2""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 91 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
OTIORHYNCHUS Gerraar. Otiorhynchus perditus.
PI. 8, Fig. 25. Olioihi/nchua perditus Sondd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 84 (1876); IV, 766 (1878).
A single specimen, showing a side aspect, differs from the living species of Otiorhynchus, with which I have compared it, in not having tlie prothorax conspicuously smaller than the body behind it. The head is withdrawn into tho prothorax, almost to the hinder edge of the eyes ; the snout is short, stout, slightly curved, bluntly rounded, and rather tapering than enlarged at the tip, not quite so long (measuring from the front edge of the eyes) as the length of the pronotum; the eyes are rounded, subtriangular, with a diameter equal to half the width of the snout, the central facets with a diam- eter of 0 027""" ; the anteiiUiJ scrobes are twice as long as broad, commenc- ing at the middle of the snout and extending two- thirds the distance thence to its tip. The protliorax is equal, nearly as long as high, not tumid, rugu- los9. The elytra, which are not elevated at base above the prothorax, are simple, not very tumid, provided with about eight longitudinal slender rows, 0.3""" apart, of low, raised, rounded points, nearly as distant from one another as those of contiguous rows ; midway between each of these rows is a very inconspicuous dull ridge. Fragments of the legs remain, which agree as far as they can be made out with the same parts in Otiorhynchus.
i
OV)LEOPTERA— OTIORHYNCHIDiE.
In the general sculpturing of the elytra this insect is not very unlike O. sulcatus (Fabr.).
Length, 8"'"" ; of snout beyond front of eyes, 1.23'"" ; -vidth of same, 0.75""" ; length of antennal scrobes, 0.32""™ ; diameter of eyes, 0.46""" ; lengtli ofpronotum, 1.8"™; height of same, 2.28™"'; length of elytra, 5.2""" ; wjdth of same, 2.05"™ ; length of fore femora, i.8"".
Green River. Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4021 (Scudder), 15213 (Richardson).
Otiorhvnchus tumb.*.
PI, 8, Fig. 13.
Oliorhynof us dubim Scudd., Biih. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 76f (1878).
A cast of an elytron resembles so closely the elytron of 0 perditus, excepting in size, that it is referred to the same genus. Only nine striic can bo counted, but all of those at the outer side may not he seen ; the inner stria is very close to th(i margin, and indeed is lost in it both above and below, but this may be due simply to the preservation. The stone in which they are preserved is coarser than usual, coming from beds about thirty meters directly below the 3hales which have furnished the other insect remains, and has a greater admixture of sand ; ^consequently the character of the surface of the elytra can not be determined, but the stria' are sharp and rjarrow, and filled with longitudinal punctures, which do not show in the engraving. V/ith tlip exception of a couple of poor specimens of Epi- Ciyjrus eflfossus Scudd., this was the only recognizable insect found at this locality.
Length of elytron, 4™™ ; breadth of same, 1.5"™.
Dr. E. Bergroth having called my attention to the fact that there is a recent European species of Otiorhynchus bearing the specific name dubius, I have i-enamed the fossil as above.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4204.
OPHRYASTES Schonherr.
OpHRYASTES C0MPACTU8. PI. 8, Fi ». 39.
Ophryastea compactm Scmld., Ball. U. 8. Gecl. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 76.5-766 (1878).
A single specimen, preserved so as to show a lateral view of the insect, appears to indicate an Otiorhynchid allied to Ophryastes, The f "*rm of the
,
I
478
TEUTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
elytra, indeed, does not well corresjiond, since, in place of their abrupt pos- terior descent, as seen in O. cinereus Schonli. from Mexico, with which it agrees best in general features as also in size, they slope very gradually, and appear to be tumid next the base. But the structure of the stout snout, enlarged apically, with very oblique descending antennal scrobes, the supe- rior transverse farrow at its base giving an increased convexity to the ver- tex of the head, ally it closely to Ophryastes. The ovate eye is longitudi- nal, the front border of the pronotuni nearly straight, with no advance of the sides, the prothorax itself faintly rugulose, the elvtra coarsely striate, the striaj with feeble, rather distant puncture." (the reverse is sliown on the stone) ; the tips of the elytra are right-angled or slightly produced at the extremity, as in recent species.
Length of body, measured from base of rostrum, 7.5""' ; height of iiame, 3.5""" ; length of elytra, 5.5""" ; of rostrum beyond front of eyes, 1.2"'"'; breadth of rostrum at base, 0.9'"'" ; where largest, 1.05"'"'; length of eye, O-S""* ; breadth of same, O-S™" ; distance apart of the elytral striae, 0.35"""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4210.
EPICvERUS Schonherr.
Epicurus saxatilis.
PI. 8, Figs. 33, 34, 36.
Eiidiagogus saxatilis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 84-85 (1876). Epicmriis saxatilis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 765 (1878).
Twenty -seven specimens of this species have been found by Mr. Rich- ardson, Mr. Bowditch, and mys>«if This and the two following species can not, as at first supposed, be referred to Eudiagogus on account of the length of the snout. Although very smal' for Epicaeri (especially the present species), they agree so well with Epicjerus griseus Schonh. from Mexico — one of the smallest of the group — that they would best be referred here, although they differ from this genus in the brevity and stoutness of the femora, all of which are swollen apically. It is possible that all three of the forms mentioned here sliould be referred to a single ,pecies, as there is cer- tainly very little difference between them excepting in size; this is particu- larly the case with this and the next species. Together over one hundred
«!r
COLEOPTEBA— OTIORBYNOHID^.
479
specimens of these species have been examined by me ; they ore therefore the most abundant fossils of the insect beds of the Green River shales.
In the present species the snout is shaped much as in Otiorhynchus perditus Scudd., being short, stout, and, especially anteriorly, arched, the front border being faintly angulate about the middle ; the Jintennal scrobes can not be certainly defined ; the eyes are pretty large, transversely ovate, and in most of the specimens are indicated on the stone by ar annulus of dark color, sontaining an interior narrow ovate pale spot 0.22""" long by 0.12""" wide, while the eye itself is 0.4""" in its longer, and 0.3""" in its shorter, diameter ; the facets of the interior portion are very minute, being scarcely .01""' in diameter. The prothorax is somewhat tumid, rather higher than long, very profusely and delicately punctulate, the anterior and posterior walls between the pittings often less elevated than the lateral walls, so that the punctures often form broken longitudinsd furrows ; the punctures are nearly uniform in size over the whole prothorax and average about 0.04""' in diameter. The elytra are simple, not tumid, sloping off gradually toward the tip, not elevated at base above the thorax, and provided with six equi- distant, very slender and slight, raised ridges, faintly broken into dashes by a series of minute, moderately distant punctures along Jie inner border of each ; these punctures are of the same size as those on the prothorax ; the ridges are about 0.1 6"" apart. The posterior coxae have an incrassate pos- terior margin.
Length of body, 4"" ; of rostrum beyond the eye, O.eS""" ; width of same, 0.46°*^ ; length of prothorax, 1.2""'; height of same, 1.3"™ ; length of tegmina,-2.8""; width of same, 0.9"".
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens.
EPICiERUS EXAMMIS. PI. 7, Fig. 31 ; PI. 8, Figs. 30, 31, 38, 42.
EiuHagogus eianimh Sruiid., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 11, 58 (1876). Epkaruii exanimiii Sciuld., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv., Verr. IV, 765 (1878).
Thirty-one specimens of this species have been examined since the first. All those first obtained (by Mr. Richardson) were fragmentary, and most of them rather obscure ; they consist mostly of side aspects of the creature, but several are single elytra. Still the characters drawn from them appear to be all that can be found in the more perfect examples since found. The
480
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
head is rather large at base, tapering with a short, broad snout, not so deep as broad, equal and at the tip broadly rounded, directed downward and for- ward, slightly bent along the front margin ; the antennal sorobes extend from the front edge of the eye nearly to the end of the rostrum, and are broadest next the eye, where they are half as broad as the eye itself, taper- ing regularly throughout and shallow; the eyes are moderately large, broadly ov.il, transverse or a little oblique, the upper extremity thrown backward and the lower forward. The prothorax is short, only about half as long as deep, not tumid, rather cylindrical, its surface smooth. The elytra are not broader nor higher at their base than the surface of the pronotum, and they are simple and furni.shed with seven equidi-stant, equally and not deeply impressed, longitudinal stria*, 0.16""" apart from one another, and the outer ones an equal distance from the adjacent border ; these strife are pro- vided vvith slightly longitudinal punctures at regular intervals of about 0.1°"", by which the striae are carried to about double their usual depth Some of the specimens have lost the elytiva, and on these the posterior edge of the hind coxaj have been impressed through the abdomen, giving tlie insects the appearance of being furnished with elytra which cover but half of the abdomen. The same thing may be noticed in other species.
Length of body exclusive of rostrum, 5.75"""; of rostrum beyond the eye, 0.62""' ; breadth of same, 0.5""" ; depth of same, 0.44'"'" ; length of eye, 0 36"°'; widthof same, 0.24"'"'; lengthof prothorax, 0.72"" ; height of same, 1.3""; length of elytra, 3.05""; widthof same, 1.2""; length of fore femora, 0.72"" ; width of same, 0.32"°' ; length of middle femora, 0.8"" ; width of same, 0.32""; length of hind femora, 1.1""; width of same, 0.34"".
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens.
Epic^.bus effossus.
PI. 8, Figs. 7, 35,
Euiiagoguo effoiaus Sciidd., Bull. IT. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 85-86 (1876). Epicarua effossus Sciidrt., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 765 (1878).
Nearly fifty specimens of this species are at hand, all found in Richard- son's shales by Mr. Richardson, Mr. Bowditch, and myself, besides two I found in beds at the same spot, but about thirty meters lower; these were the only Coleoptera found at the latter spot, excepting a single specimen of ( )tiorhynchu8 tumba) Scudd., belonging to the same family. Most of the
OOLEOPTERA— RHYNCHITID^.
481
specimens are composed of fragments of elytra, and the only specimens which are preserved entire are &uf]i as give a dorsal or ventral aspect. These, however, are enough to show that they belong to a species closely allied to but distinct from the preceding, differing principally in its smaller size, its slender and more tapering rostrum, the smaller circular eyes, and in the slightly more distant and rather more deeply impressed striae of ths elytra. The following measurements will give a better understanding of the degree of difference between them in certain points :
Length of body exclusive of rostrum, 5"""; breadth of same, 2.1"""; width of rostrum at base, 0.48""" ; diameter of eyes, 0.28°'"' ; distance apart of the elytral striae, 0.18-0.20'""'; distance apart of punctures in the striae. 0.11""°.
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens.
Family RHYNCHITID^E LeConte. EUGNAMPTUS Schonherr.
ErONAMPTUS GRAND^VUS.
PI. 8, Fig. 20.
Sitonei grandcevui Scodd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 11, 83-84 (1876).
A single specimen, very poorly preserved, was found by Mr. Richard- son on Green River, at the crossing of the Union Pacific Railroad, and at the first description of the species this was all that was at hand. Little could be seen in it except a vague outline of the form of the body, with a broken rostrum ; the eye was large, obovate, longitudinally disposed, 0.42"'° long and 0.25'"°' broad ; the elytra were furnished with a number of slight, slender, raised ridges, 0.3 1""* apart, probably the reverses of striae.
Two more specimens obtained at tlie same spot by Profs. Packard and Lee, and in better condition, show that it probably belongs to Eugnamptus, though it differs from that genus in the extreme feebleness of the elytral striation which is barely perceptible; no punctuios are discernible, but instead the elytra are sparsely clothed with exceedingly delicate short hairs. The beak is slender and from in front of the eye about as long as the thorax; it, as well as the rest of the head, faintly subscabrous, while the thorax is very delicately and shallowly punctulate, so as to appear almost smooth, with a short delicate hair from each depression.
VOL XIII 31
E3SSBEIiga8gl&1S3iE3a3l-.i^V
'fj5iSj«R^^»s5ss5|^(ei>i^^»i
482
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
The measurements of the best specimen are: Lengtli of head and rostrum, 1.35"'™; of thorax, 0.9""" ; of eljtra, 2.6""" ; breadth of thorax, 1""".
Green River,, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 16234 (F. C. A. Richardson), 101 (^Prof L. A. Lee), 76 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
EUGNAMPTUS DECEM8ATUS.
PI. 8, Fig. 12.
Eugnamptus decemsatus Scndd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 764-765 (1878).
A single elytron with a broken base is all that remains of this species. But this is peculiar on account of the supplementary humeral stria, which seems to be common in the Rhynchitidae, and at least very rare in the allogastral Rhyncophora, to which one would at first glance refer this fragment. So far as the material at hand permits determination it appears to agree best with the genus to which it is referred, on account of the dis- position of the punctuation and the form of the tip of the elytron. It repre- sents, however, a very large species, and one whose punctuation is very delicate. The elytron is long and rather narrow, indicating an elongated form for the body, as in tiiis genus, with parallel sides and a bluntly rounded tip. There are ten complete equidistant rows of delicate, lightly impressed punctures, those of the same row less distant than the width of the inter- spaces ; the outer row lies close to the outer border and is seated in an impressed stria, as also is the apical half of the inner row ; but the other rows show no such connections between the punctures which compose them ; at the base the rows curve very slightly outward to make place for a very short humeral row of punctures, parallel to the inner complete row, and composed of only three or four punctures on the part preserved ; the interspaces are smooth.
Length of fragment, 4.5'""' ; width of elytron, l.S"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4046.
Family RHIPIPHORID^E Gerstaecker.
RHIPIPHORUS Fabricius.
Rhipiphorus geikiei.
PI. 27, Fig. 1.
A single specimen preserved upon a side view seems clearly referable to
Rhipiphorus except for the well rounded tip of the elytra. The three lines
$>
COLEOPTEllA— TENEBlUONIDJiJ.
483
radiating from the head in the plate do not belong to the specimen but lie at a slightly higher level, except the proximal half of the one lying next tlie body, whicli is the basal joint of the antenna;, and which before careful study was taken for a beak, and the insect therefore ])laced among the Ilemiptera. The head and thorax have the form and attitude of the Rhipiphorida; ; the eye is oval, twice *»". long as broad ; the basal joint of the antenna; enlarges slightly from base to apex and is nearly as long ps the head ; an ineffectual attemj)t was made to uncover the parts beyond and reveal the structure of the remaining joints. The head and thorax are delicately scabrous rather than punctate, or punctate with the punctures run together transversely in an irregular manner. The elytra are almost as long as the body, three and a half times as long as their basal breadth, the sutural margin perfectly straight until the rounding f the extreme apex begins, the outer margin broadly sinuous, the elytra shortly beyond the base diminishing rather rapidly in width as far as the middle, then subequal to just before the tip, which is half as broad as the base, strongly rounded, almost equally on each side ; the tip has been uncovered since the plate was made, and is in no sense pointed, but the inner side is subrectangular though rounded ; the surface is punctured, not deeply, the punctures separated by considerably more than their own diameter ; the outer border is finely marginate, at least in the basal half The wings are ample, exceeding when closed the length of the abdomen, and when expanded surpassing by one-fifth the elytra; they »liow at least four principal veins radiating from the base, some of them distinctly forked, and none showing marks of a transverse fold.
Length of body, 9.75"^ ; elytra, 6""°.
Named for Dr. Archibald Geikie, Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 367.
Family TENEBRIONID^ Leaeh. TENEBRIO Linnd
Tenebeio primigenius.
PI. 2, Fig. 32.
IhubHo pHmigenius Scndd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Sarv. Can., 1877-1878, 183B, (1879).
A single, complete, and well-preserved elytron represents a species of Tenebrionidae, a little larger than, and somewhat resembling, Tenebrio
mmm
484
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
molitor (Linn.), the beetle of the common meal-worm. It has been flattened by pressure, so as to show but little 3i<rn of having been arched, wliile at the same time the shape is fairly preserved. Wherever it differs in color from the stone it is piceous. The margins are very nearly parallel, approaching each other rather gradually and very regularly toward the tip ; there are eight equidistant, pretty strongly impressed, rather coarse, longitudinal 8tria3, besides others next the outer margin, whose number can not be deter- mined, and a short scutellar stria, about as long as in T. molitor, but quite as distinct as the others ; the surface between the striae appears to be very minutely subrugulose, and shows in favorable light a faint transverse cor- rugation.
Length of elytron, 11"""; breadth, 4.4""°.
Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 63 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
Family BRUCHID^E Leach.
BRUCHUS Geoffroy.
Bkuchus anilis.
PI. 5, Fig. 125. '
Bruchus anilh Soudd., Bull. U. 8. Oeol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., TI, 82 (1876).
, The single specimen consists of two elytra, in natural juxtaposition seen from above. They have a brown color, which is wanting in certain places, but in so irregular a manner that it is doubtless fortuitous ; they are furnished with stria3, but these, as well as all color, are entirely obliterated in the middle of the wing ; this again is doubtless a defect of preservation, since the sutural edges of the elytra are similarly affected ; the strife are dt ep, sharply cut, straight, subequidistant, eight in number, fading out at the apex of the elytra, the space between them smooth and arched.
Length of one elytron, G"" ; breadth of same, 1.9°'"' ; distance of striae apart, 0.4.5"'"'.
Chagrin Valley, White River, ColoFado. One specimen (W. Denton).
COLEOPTEUA— OFIltYSOMELID^. 486
Family CHRYSOMELID^ Leach.
GALERUCELLA Crotch.
Galehucella picea. P1.-2. Fig. 31. Oalleruoella ploea Soadd., Bnp. Ptogr. Oeol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 182-183B (1879).
A pair of rather poorly preserved elytra, parted at the tip, and showing between and tlirough them the outlines of the abaoniinal segments represents a species of Chrysomelidae, which appears to be most nearly allied to the genus in which I have placed it and to be about the form of, and a little smaller than, G. maritiraa LeC. The elytra are uniformly piceous throughout, showing no marks of lighter-colored borders ; there are faint indications of one or two marginal impressed lines in their outer half, and the whole sur- face seems to have been very minutely punctate, more faintly and finely than in the existing species mentioned. The abdomen is very broadly and very regularly rounded, subovate, and at least five segments of similar length can be determined.
Breadth of the i)air of elytra at base, 3.7.5"""; length of elytra, 5.5"" : breadth of abdomen, 3.25""; length of penultimate segment, 0.4"".
Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 62 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
CRYPTOCEPHALUS Geoffroy.
CrYPTOCEPHALUS VETU8TU8.
PI. 7, Figs. 29, 37. Cryptocephalui vetuatu$ Soudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 764 (1878).
This ppecies is fairly represented by a pair of specimens with their reverses. One pair exhibits the front, and by the drooping of the abdo- men the under surftice of the insect with expanded elytra (one of them curiously foreshortened), the other the under surface only. The insect is broadly oval, and, except in being much stouter, closely resembles C. ven- ustus Fabr., with which it agrees in size. The thorax, as seen on a front view, is arched, and the proportion of the head to the thorax is as in the recent species mentioned. The elytra, which are the parts best preserved.
486
TERTIAKY IN8K0TS OF NORTH AMERICA.
are rounded at the extremity, and are furnished with ten slightly arcuate row8 of },'entle j)unc.turea, arranged inconspicuously in })air8, besides a Hutunil, slightly oblique row on the basal third of the elytra, terminating in the margin. This disposition of the jjunctures and the character of the head, sunken, as it were, into the thoracic mass, leave little doubt that the insect should be referred to Cryptoccphalus. The elytra are of a uniform light horn color, but the body is (bn-ker. The body is more oval than in the ])arallol-sided C venustus.
Length of body, 4-4.5"'"'; breadth of same, 2.6-3.2"""; length of elytra, 4"""; breadth of one of them, 1.8""".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4003 and 4004, 4039. and 4044.
DONACIA Fabricius.
~" ^ DoNACIA .STIKIA.
PI. 1, Fig. 28.
This is represented by the mere fragment ot an elytron, but with a distinct kind of sculpturing. It seems to come as near D. porosicollis Lac as any of our modern species I have seen. The tip is the part preserved ; it is of a deep blue-black color, with an excessively fine, microscopic, trans- verse rugulation, delicately impressed narrow striai, the stria? minutely punctulate, the first and last striic moderatel}- distant from the margins, deeply impressed, and less distinctly punctate. It is apparently a rather small species.
Length of fragment, 3 2"'"; breadth of same, 1.4™"'.
Interglacial clays of the neighborhood of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14558 (G. J. Hinde).
, DoNACIA POMPATICA. PI. 1, Figs. 33, 34.
This species, of which there are several examples at hand, is most nearly allied to our living D. pubicollis Suffr., but is nmch smaller or about the size of D. emarginata Kirb. As to the sculpture of the surface of the elytra (the only part preserved in any specimen), it would be difficult to say in what respect it differed from the former species except in the obliteration of the
[
OOLEOPTEUA— SUAUAJiJilDiE.
487
¥
.«
niarkingH nt the tip of the elyti; , which seems to bo chnmctoristic of the fossil. In color it varies extremely ; in one (No. 14r)82) it is hliiish i)nr|)le: in another (No. 14.0(l()) it is deep brilliunt violet; still another (No. Hf)??) has it (lark metallic f^reen. In all, tluf rolors are as fresh as if livinjr. The puncmreil stritc are rather deep and the whole surface of the elytra truuH- versely wrinkled at the punctures.
Leufrth of elytron, fj""" ; breadth, 1.45""",
Interjflacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Five specimens, Nos. 1456G, 14573, 14577, 145HI, 145K2 (G. J. Ilinde).
Family SCARAB^DI^ Leaeh.
TROX Fabricius.
TrOX OU8TALETI.
^
PI. 2, Fig. 22. Trox outtaleti Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. 8urv. Can,, 1877-1878, 179-180B (1879).
A single elytron, well preserved, appears to represent a species of Trox of aboi't the siza of T. terrestris Say, but with rather slender elytra. The elytron is subequal, narrowing rapidly and regularly at the tip, well arched, and was apparently still more arched originally, the middle portion having a flattened appearance, as if from pressure, with a narrow flattened outer margin ; the surface is completely and uniformly covered with thirteen or fourteen equal equidistant rows of frequent dull tubercles, as distant from one another in the rows as each row from its neighbor, and obsolescent toward the apex and the base, especially towards the former. In certain places there is a very slight appearance of greater prominence to every fourth row, which would hardly be noticed if its resemblance to modern species of Trox did not lead one to look for it ; the extreme tip is broken. The color is dark-brown, approaching black, but the whole central portion of a faded brown, nearly resembling the natural color of the stone in which it is preserved.
Length of elytron, 4.25™'"; breadth, 1.86""".
Named after M. Emile Oustalet, of the Jardin des Plantes, whose re- aearches on the Tertiary insocts of Auvergne and Aix are well known.
Nine-Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 61 (Dr. G. M Dawson).
488 TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMKRIOA.
APHODIUS Ulijrer.
Aphouius pkkcukhok. PI. 1, FiR. 11.
Jphoditu prrcurior Horn, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, V, ^45 (1876).
" Elytra Hinootli, Hliiiiiiig, feebly Htriiito, stria! sluillow but rather wide; punctures distant, round near the apex, becominjj- transverse near the base, intervals flat, smooth.
*' A species is indicated of the size and nearly of the sculpture of ruricola. The scutellum is short. Lenj^th of elytra, .10 inch.; "21)°""." Horn, loc. cit.
Of this species throe elytra lie side by side in the same mass ; the middle one shows ordy the impression of the strioe, being the reverse of the hjft elytron, which has been removed from its ori<^inal position ; this and tlie rif^lit elytron are black, the strije distinct and moderately deep, with pu.jt- ures as described by Dr. Horn. Tiie stride are ten in number, aiid in the middle of the elytra are 0 17""" apart. The left elytron shows the upper, the others the under, surface. There niust be some mistake in Dr. Horn's measurements ; the best preserved elytron, the contours of which are perfectly preserved, is 3.5""" long and l.Gfy""" broad and the others agree perfectly with it in size.
Upon the same stone occur the remains of a pair of elytra (PI. 1, Figs. 16, 17) not noticed by Dr. Horn in his paper, but considered by him as belonging to the same species. This view is tenable only on the supposition that the right elytron (in which the chitine is preserved and which shows the upper surface) is imperfect, for there are but eight striae When first examined by me ooth margins appeared perfect; but as they have since been damaged I refrain from furt'-or remark beyond the description of the frag- ments and the expressio'i. n y belief that they can not be referred to Apho- dius. The elytra, which arj sii'ning black, appear to be considerably flat- tened, are consequently nearly as broad at base as in the middle, and have the apical half rounded rather rapidly and the apex nearly square ; they possess eight distinct striae, made more conspicuous by bearing frequent, moderately distinct, small, round, occasionally elongate punctures ; the in- terspaces between the striae are O.lo'"™ wide, flat and smooth; the eighth stria is confluent anteriorly, and perhaps posteriorly, with the margin; and ■ the margin itself is not only slightly roflexed but forms by the reflection
r
1
(JOLEOPTICK A— 8C A K A ILKI1>;K.
489
r
V
a fjroove vory Hiruihir to the Htriiu and hoarinjj siinilur pimctiiroH ; there is also a Hhort and oxciiodhigly Hiight and t'ahit HcutoUar Htria crowded agaitiat the Hcutelhim.
Lenj^th of elytron, 3""; breadth, 1.3""".
Not irnj)robably those Hhould bo looked upon as belonging to Carabidne
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, I'runiHylvania.
iEGIALIA Latreillo
^GULIA BlIPTA. PI. 8, Fig. 19.
A single specimen and its reverse are preserved with partially expanded strongly arched elytra. Body elongated obovate, two and a half times longer than broad. Head small, broadly rounded in front, the eyes (not shown in the plate) moderately large, oval, less than half as large as one of the pair of oval distinctt marks in the middle of the head posteriorly, which are either some parts beneath showing through, or ridges or the bases of horns on the upper surface. Prothorax about twice as broad as long, tajjor- ing anteriorly from tiie posterior edge and with rounded sides, the wliole front border broadly emarginate, the hind margin scarcely convex, the siu'- face indistinctly granulate. Elytra rather heavily striate, the striaj rather distantly punctate.
Length of body, 3.4"""; of middle of prothorax, O.f)"'"'; of elytra, 2""""; breadth of prothorax in front, O.?""*; the same behind, 1.1"'"'; of middle of body, LSf}"""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 80 and 81 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
PHANiEUS MacLeay.
PhAN^EUS ANTIQUU8.
PI. 1, Figs. 12-14.
Phanaus antiqum Horn, Trans. Amer. En;.. 800., V, 245 (1876).
" Elj'tra with feeble striaj, intervals moderately convex, surface slightly rugulose. Abdomen smooth. Length, .40 inch; 10""".
" A species is indicated somewhat larger than carnifex ; the elytral sculpture is, iiowever, more nearly that of pluto, inasmuch as the intervals
490
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
are regularly convex, and the strife not suddenly impressed at base. The remains consist of an impression with a small portion of the substance of both elytra in position, slightly separated at base by pressure so that a deceptive appearance of an elongate scutellum is presented; al8.> the impression of the abdominal segments with, a small portion of chitinous
substance. - e
" There h also the substance remaining of the greater portion ot an ei trou which probably belongs to the same species, in which the intervals are moderately convex and with traces of a few punctures, the stria, bemg moderately im >'-essed and not punctured." Horn, loc. cit.
The elytru 3 seven feeble and dull stria) ; the surface of the smgle elytron, which agrees altogether in size with the pair, is black and smooth, but faintly wrinkled transversely. Four segments of the abdomen are
shown
Length of one of the pair of elytra, 1 1-" ; breadth of same, 5 . Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
CHCERIDIUM Lepelletier-Serville.
Chceeidium? ebeninum.
PI. 1, Figs. 18-22. CluBHdium f fheninum Horn, Trars. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 244-245 (1876).
"The remains for which the above name is suggested, consist of the greater portion of the thorax, the two elytra in a fair state of preservation and a portion of the abdominal segments. These may be described as fol-
lows : , J n
"Thorax nearly twice as ^ide as long, sides feebly arcuate, gradually
converging anteriorly, surface .narsely and finely punctate, pleura longi- tudinally finely strigose. E.ytra .other wider, conjointly, than long, sides . moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed to apex, disk with seven mod- erately impressed stria., the outer rather distant from the margin; struc entire and nearly parallel and equidistant. Intervals coarsely but sparsely punctured. Epipleura. sparsely punctate. Abdomen with coarse punct- ures at the sides, smoother at middle
" Length of thorax, .07 inch ; 1.75°"°.
" Length of elytra, .14 inch ; S.S"".
OOLEOPTERA— PTINID^.
491
,
" I have been really at a loss to know to what genus to refer these remains. They were at one time considered to be Saprinus, but the num- ber of the striae and their character forbid such a reference. The species seems to have been rather smaller than our Choeridium histeroides, but undoubtedly resembled it in form. I would have referred the remains to Canthon near perplexus, but the thorax is by no means that of the genus."
Horn, loc cit.
The thorax of the specimen appears to have been broken off before reaching me, as the description given by Dr. Horn is inapplicable to any of the fragments before me.
The pleura; are not only "longitudinally finsly strigose," but also delicately striate in the same direction. Aside from the punctuation the upper surface of tho thorax is smooth.
The outer discal stria of the elytra is very widely separated at base from the submarginal stria which runs closely parallel to the outer border.
Length of elytron, 3.6'"'"; breadth of same, 2""".
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
Family PTINID^E Leach.
ANOBIUM Fabricius.
Anobium? ovale.
PI. 8, Fig. 1.
AnoMumt ovale Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. U.'ogr. Surv. Terr., TV, 762-763 (1878).
The insect evidently appertains to a distinct genus of Ptinida;, in which the sides of the body are not parallel, but the body tapers posteriorly much, though tiot to the same extent, as anteriorly. It is, however, most nearly allied to Ar.i bium, in which it is provisionally placed. It is about as large as Endecatomus rugosus LeC. The prothorax, viewed from above, is bluntly conical, tapering rapidly. The body is broadest just behind the base of the elytra, and tapers slightly at first, more rapidly afterward, and is rounded posteriorly ; thus the whole body has an ovate outline. The pronotum is minutely and very profusely punctulate in black, the punctures being slightl> elongated longitudinally, and appears to have been covered profusely with slight asperities or a coarse pile (much perhaps as in Ende- catomus rugosus). The elytra, wiiich are nearly three times as long as
492
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
broad and taper regularly from near the base to near the tip, show no mark of such asperities, l)ut are profusely punctate in black, made up of scattered punctjE, about 0.03""" in diameter, not altogether irregularly disposed, although at first sight having that appearance, but showing in many places, not uniformly, signs of a longitudinal" distribution into from fourteen to sixteen rows. The elytra, irtdeed, resemble those of Bostrychus capucinus (Linn.), but I am not aware that similar markings occur on smaller Ptinidai.
Length of body, 4.3""" ; breadth of same, 2"™ ; length of elytra, 3.15"™.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 97 (Dr. A. S. Packard) and 4038 (S. H. Scudder).
AnOBIUM ? DECEPTUM.
PI. 8, FiR. 18. Jnohium deceptum Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 763 (1878).
Another specimen, representing an elytron only, evidently belongs to the same genus as the last, and at first sight appeared to be of the same species, as it belongs to an insect of the same size, and the punctures on the elytra are similarly disposed ; they are, however, if anything, more thickly crowded, so as to form about eighteen rows in the rather broader elytron; •and not only is the elytron broader and shorter than in the preceding spe- cies, being less than two and a half times longer than broad, but it scarcely tapers at all in the basal three-fifths, and beyond that more rapidly than in the species last described.
Length of elytron, S"™ ; breadth of same, 1.25"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4086.
Anobium lignitum.
PI. 8, Fig. 24.
Anobium Ugnitum Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 763 (1878).
A third species of this family, with irregularly punctate elytra, is rep- resented by a single specimen, giving a dorsal view of pronotum and elytra. It differs generically from the two preceding species, and agrees better with Anobium proper in having a more gibbous and less conical prothorax, and in. having the sides of the elytra parallel through most of their extent. It is considerably smaller than either of the preceding species. The prothorax
■.t .
COLEOTPERA— BUPItESTID^.
493
is one-third the lengtli of the body, minutely punctate and scabrous, taper- ing only a little in its basal and considerably in its anterior half, the front well rounded. The elytra are about two and a half times longer than broad, equal on the basal two-thirds, and then rounding rapidly inward, so that the posterior outline of the body is more broadly rounded than the anterior outline ; the elytra are profusely punctate with little pits, averag- ing scarcely more than 0.02""" in diameter, distributed at pretty regular intervals, but not forming anything like longitudinal series, and so near together as to be equivalent to about fourteen rows. The whole body is uniformly black.
Length of body, 3.75""" ; of elytra, 2.5°'"' ; width of body, 1.9"™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4082.
SITODREPA Thomson.
SiTODHEPA DEFUNCTA. Sitodrepa defuncia Scndd., Bull. tf. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 82 (1876).
A single elytron, with its reverse, is very poorly preserved, more than twice and a half as long as broad, equal until near the tip, which is rounded off; it is traversed by eight or nine very slightly impressed and delicate punctate striae O.l"" apart.
Length, 2.75""™; breadth, LOe""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 191 and 15206 (F. C. A. Richardson).
Family BUPRESTID^E Stephens. BUPRESTIS Linnd.
i, BuPRESTIS TERTIAKIA.
PI. 2, Fig. 23. Bupretiii tertiaria Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Cau., 1877-1878, 180-181B (1879).
Three specimens were obtained of this species, all of them elytra. One shows the two elytra crossed at the base, and a reverse of this shows the cast of the upper surface ; the other two are single and perfect elytra, both exhibiting the upper surface, one in relief, the other as a cast, but tbey are not, reverses. This and the two following species classed under
494
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Buprestis agree closely together, but do not seem to be plainly referable to aiiv recent American genus, although approaching nearest Buprestis or Ancylocheira. They seem to be nearly related also to the Tertiary species from Sieblos, described by Ileyden under the name of B. senecta. For the present I place them in Buprestis.
The elytra are very long and slender, nearly four times as long as broad, equal throughout the basal two-thirds, then gradually and very reg- ularly tapering by the sloping of the outer edge, the tip a little produced and rounded, and about one-fourth as broad as the middle of thr elytron. The surface is ornamented by ten rows of very distinct strise with rather deeply impressed punctse ; these fjtriae are a little sinuous near the base, and there is also a scutellar stria extending down nearly one-third of the elytron ; the outer stria unites with the margin in the middle of the outer half of the elytron ; the three inner and two other outer striae extend to the apex, while the four interior stria; terminate : the inner pair a little beyond the termination of the outer stria, the outer pair still a little farther toward the apex, thus allowing for the narrowing of the elytra; the surface between the stria; is much broken by sliglit transverse corrugations, giving, with fhe punctate stria;, a rough appearance to the elytra. This species differs from the two following by the great slenderness of the elytra and the more delicate tapering of its tip.
Length of elytron, G.S"'"" ; breadth, 1.7""".
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Three speci- mens, Nos. 48, 51 and 52, 54 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
'^ Buprestis saxigena.
PI. 2, Figs. 24, 25. Buprestis saxigena Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Snrv. Can., 1877-1878, 181B (1879).
This species is represented by several elytra or fragments of elytra, sometimes preserved by pairs in natural connection. It is very closely allied to the last, but differs from it in having the elytra less slender, the breadth being contained about three and a half times in the length, and ia the rather greater coarseness of .he punctuation and transverse corrugation. The stria; are the same in nur-«ber, but are, perhaps, a little more sinuo'is, and the scutellar stria is shorter, hardly extending so much as a quarter-way down the inner margin ; the other stria; terminate in much the same way as
i
^
1
i
COLEOPTERA— BDPBBSTID^.
495
in B. tertiaria, but the seventh stria (from the suture) frequently runs to, or very nearly to, the tip ; the extreme tip is formed precisely as in B. ter- tiaria, but the sides of the elytra, runuiiijr parallel throughout three-quar- ters of their length, taper toward the apex more abruptly than in the pre- ceding species, though with the same regularity. This species stands mid- way between the other two here described in the form of the apical third of the elytra.
Length, G.'i""" ; breadth, 1.7""^.
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Five speci- mens, Nos. 47 and 54, 49, 50, 55, 56 (Dr. Cr. M. Dawson).
0
BUPKESTIS 8EPULTA.
PL 2, Fig. 26. Bupreifis sepulta Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 181B (1879).
A single specimen, showing the greater part of both elytra in natural conjunction, must be separated from the two preceding by its still broader elytra with more rapidly tapering apex. The elytra are slightly less than three and a half times longer than broad, with sides parallel throughout three quarters of their length, then suddenly tapering, the extreme tip shaped as in the other species, only more produced, so as to form more dis- tinctly a kind of lobe, the outer margin being very slightly and roundly excised just before the produced tip. The surface is perhaps even rougher thar. in the other species, but the striae appear to be less sinuous; the scu- tellar stria is destroyed in both elytra of the single specimen before me ; the outer stria terminates as in B. tertiaria, but the inner pair of the middle serier of striae is here the longer, extending barely to the tip of the outer stria, while the outer pair is a little shorter ; the produced tip of the elytra is a little shorter than in the preceding species, but similarly rounded
apically.
Length of elytron, 6.7"™; breadth, 2""".
Nikola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men, No. 53 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
496 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Family ELATERID^ Leach. OXYGONUS LeConte.
OXYGONUS MORTUU8.
PI. 5, Figs. no. 111.
Oxygonut mortuus SciicJ., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 81 (1876).
The single elytron and its reverse obtained is slender, the humeral angle well rounded, the outer edge apparently a little niarginate ; it is almost equal until near the tip, when it tapers to a point. This, peculiarity leads me to refer it to O.vygonus, although the apex is not produced so much as in recent species of that group. It is furnished with eight equidistant, rather strongly impressed, but delicate striaj, that nearest the suture almost incroaching upon the margin ; these strife are equidistant anteriorly and in the middle, but posteriorly they converge toward each other.
Length of elytron, 4.55""° ; breadth, 1.72""° ; distance of striae apart, 0.2°"°.
, Fossil Caflon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
CORYMBITES Latieille.
COKYMBITES VELATU8. CorymbiteH velatiis Sciidil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 81 (1876).
A single specimen, with its reverse, found. The head and prothorax are gonei, but both upper and under surface of the rest of the body, includ- ing the elytra, may be seen in each impression with nearly equal dis- tinctness. The insect appears to have been about the size of C median us (Genu.), but more closely allied in form to C. splendens (Ziegl). The legs have been destroyed, but the middle and hind coxal cavities may be seen. The elytra are of the length of the abdomen, acutely angled, almost pointed at the tip, and furnished near the outer edge with a broad and shallow fur- row, whose outer limit is abrupt and thus well marked. Besides this the elytra are faintly and distantly striate, with five or six rows of striae, and the mesosternum and met:iaternum are very delicately granulate.
Length of fragment, G""" ; breadth, ii"""" ; distance between anterior edges, of middle and hind coxae, l.TS"""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 137 and 15249 CF. C. A. Richardson).
COLEOrTEUA— ELATEKLDJ:.
497
CRYPTOHYPNUS Eschscholtz.
ji CkYPTOIIYPNUS ? TEKBE8TBIS.
PI. 2, Fig. 30. \';f Cryplohypnust terreilris Sciidd., Rep. Progr. Gool. Snrv. Can., 1877-1878, 181-182K (187i>).
A single, very nearly perfect, elytron, broken slightly at the base, which belongs, with little doubt, to the Elaterichu, is provisionally referred to this genus. The form of the elytron is as in C. planatus LeC, which is slightly larger than the fossil species. The surface is very minutely punc- tato-rugose, and the striaj are sharp and clearly defined. In nearly all Elateridse the fourth stria from the suture unites with the third rather than with the fifth, although it often runs independently to the tip. In Crypto- hypnus there appears to be more latitude, nearly any of the stria; uniting with either of their neighbors ; and in this species the fourth unites with the fifth some distance before the tip, while the first three run to the ex- tremity of the elytron, and the sixth, seventh, and eighth, following the curve of the outer margin, terminate near the tip of the third stria.
Length of elytron, 5.5™"'; breadth, 1.75""".
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men. No. 5» (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
From the same locality were brought the remains of another insect, consisting of the metasternal .plates, one side complete, the other broken, and plainly belonging to the Elateridae. The perfect side agrees so well with the same part in Cryptohypnus planatus LeC. that I refer it to tlie fossil species above described, which its size renders entirely admissible. It is, however, relatively longer than in C. planatus, the perfect half being about a third longer than broad, not including, of course, the side pieces, which are not preserved. The surface is densely and rather heavily punc- tate, more densely and perhaps less deeply next the coxal cavities ; the median line (separating the two lateral haWes of the whole metasternum) is very deeply impressed, but the furrow dies out anteriorly in the projec- tion between the coxae.
Longth of metasternum, 2.1""'. VOL xiii 32
o
498
TE14TIAUY IN8E0TS OF NOKTH AMERICA.
EPIPHANIS Eschscholtz. Epiphanis dei.etus.
PL 5, Figa. 113, 114.
Epiphania delelus Sciidd,, Bull. U. 8. Gool. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 11, 80-81 (1876).
On account of the structure of the antennae and general resemblance of this insect to Epiphanis cornutus Eschsch, I have placed it in the same genus ; bat the lorm of the prothorax differs somewhat in the two species. The head is moderately large, subquadrate, the antenna; uioniliform, com- posed of twelve (preserved) equal joints. The thorax is nearly quadrate with straight sides, the front lateral angles rectangular, the front border straight or scarcely concave, the hind border slightly angulate ; the elytra are slender and taper from the miildle backward ; they are too poorlj' pre- served to show the markings.
Length, 5""° ; breadth, 1.52""° ; length of head, 0.94""" ; breadth of same, 0.96"™ ; length of prothorax, 1.12""; breadth of same, 1 .24"" ; length of elytra, 2.85""; breadth of same, 0.76""; length of antennae, 1.6""; of sixth joint of same, 0.1 3"".
Fossil CaQon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
Elatehid^e ? sp. PI. 2, Fig. 28.
ElattrMccf ap. Scntld., Rep. Propr. Oeol. Surv. Can., 1877-1678, 182B (1879).
In the Collection of the Geological Survey of Canada there is an elytron with the base nearly destroyed which resembles in striation the Hydro- philidae, but is far too elongated to belong to that family, resembling rather the Elateridae. It is so imperfectly preserved that, perhaps, a nearer determi- nation is impossible at present. There are eight rather faintly impressed but distinct striaj, the outermost a little more distinct, especially toward the tip.
Width of elytron, 1.25"" ; its apparent length, 4.5"".
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 60 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
**»
a
«»
COLEOPTKBA— NITIDULIDiE. 499
Family BYRRHID^C Leach. NOSODENDRON Lntreillo.
NOSOUENDRON TRITAVUM. PI. 7, Fiff. 36,
A single specimen is preserved, a little larger and a little stouter than our N. unicolor, and which shows the under surface of the body witli the head bent under and with the elytral markings showing through to a certain extent. The head appears to be smooth ; four segments are shown behind the hind coxa;, occupying about one-third of the abdomen, and, excepting for the slightly longer posterior segment, of equal length and all uniformly, profusely, and minutely punctate. The elytra show here and there signs of faintly impressed distant striae, which do not appear on the plate.
Length of body, 5°"° ; breadth, 3.0""° ; distance apart of elytral striaj, 0.2""",
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No, 86 (Dr, A, S. Packard).
Family NITIDULIDyE Leach.
PHENOLIA Erichson.
Phenolia incapax.
r*»
T *
PI. 7, Fig. 23. Phmolia incapax Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., II, 80 (1876).
Represented only by a single specimen and its reverse, showing the under surface of the body, from wliich the appendages have been torn. It closely resembles in size, form, and the relation of the parts P. grossa (Fabr.), but differs from it in the character of the under surface of the body, which in the fossil species is very minutely and very faintly punctulate, and the posterior edges of the segments are not raised.
Length of fragment, 5.5"" ; of abdomen, 2.3"'"' ; breadth of same, 3""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 133 and 15201 (F. G. A. Richardson).
mxmfimmfa^
(t
500
TEllTlAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
PKOMETOPIA Erichson.
PROMETOPIA DEPILIS. PI. 2, Fig. 29.
Prometopia depilh Sciuld., Rep. ProRr. Quol. Siirv. Ciin., 1875-1870, 278-27(1 ( French O(l.,:!08-:!00) (1877).
This beetle appears to belong to the Nitidulidiis but where it should be generically located is a matter of some doubt. It resembles most among our American forms the genus in which I have provisionally placed it, but so few really generic features remain that one can judge by little other than accessory characters. The head is wanting and the thorax is broken, and though exhibiting the under surface, the markings of the elytra can bo readily seen, as is freciuently tlio case in fossil beetles. The form of the elytra and scutelluni is precisely that of Prcnetobia sexmaculata, excepting that the base ofthe elytra is more distinctly angulate ; beneath, the elytra are expanded just as there, and punctured in much the same irregular and minute manner, but eipially so at the extreme border beneath, instead of being furnished at this i)oiiit with transverse rugai ; the punctures are 0.028""" in diameter, and do not give origin to hairs; the elytra are dark castaneous, and have a dull ridge along the sutural margin. The thorax is black and proportionally shorter than in Prometopia, but otherwise it appears to have the same form, although the characteristic lat- eral projections of the front border are broken off, only the slightest indica- tion of that on the left side appearing in a portion of the curve of the front border. The thorax is Uiore minutely punctate than the elytra, and the punctic are coimected by the slightest possible impressed lines, giving it somewhat of a corrugated appearance ; a few of the abdominal segments may be seen, the pygiuium extending ji.st beyond the elytra; all these joints are black, smooth, and shining, w'liiout trace of hairs or punctures.
Length of fragment, 5.5"""; length of middle of thorax, 1.25™"'; breadth of same, 3.2""; length of elytra, STS'""; b*- adth of united elytra, 3.35""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 24 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
t
MHMM
(t
t
COLliOPTEBA— OUCUJIDiE. 501
Family CRYPTOPHAGIDyE Kirby. ANTJIEUOIMIAGUS Latreille.
AnTHEROPHACJUS PKI8CUS. PI. 7, Figs. 24, 35.
Aiilherophagua priscuH Sciuld., Hull. U. S. GboI. (inonr. Siirv. Torr., II, 79-80 (1870) ; in ZIttol, Handb. d.
I'nliiiont., I, ii, 7tP"J, Kij,'. 1051 (IHai).
Sovoml specimens, representing either the upper or the under surface of the body, have been obtained. They resemble A. ochraceus Melsh. in general ai)j)earance. The head is nearly as broad as the thorax and well rounded ; the eyes are about circular, 0.11""" in diameter ; the mandibles are stout, about twice as long- as their breadth at base, tapering but slightly ; the labium is narrow. The prothorax is about twice as broad as long, smooth, the front border slightly concave above, rather strongly concave below, tiie sides gently and regularly convex, the anterior angles rectangular, the pos- terior loss prominent, the hind border broadly convex. The prosternum and the other sternal portions of the thorax seem to be delicately gran- ulose ; the middle coxiu are about equidistant from the others, or perhaps slightly closer to the hind pair, and the fore coxaj are more closely appro.x- iniated to each other than the others, being separated by less than their own width. The scutellum is small, scarcely longer than broad. The elytra are smooth, equal, tapjring only near the tip, the extremity of each independently and roundly pointed.
Length, 3.2"'"' ; breadth, 1.65™"' ; breadth of head, LOS-""- ; of prothorax, LSS™"; length of same, 0.75"""; of elytra, 2.1""'; breadth of same, 0.9°'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. 4191, 15152 and 15143, 15202, 15252 (Richardson, Bowditch, Scudder).
Family CUCUJID^ Stephens.
PARANDRITA LeConte.
Parandrita vestita.
PI. 7, Fig. 41.
Body stout. Head quadrate, twice as broad as long, the posterior and lateral margins straight, the front margin between the bases of the antennjB
r:
1)02
TKUTIAllY INSKCTS OK NOUTH AAIKUICA.
iimdo of tliroo Hourly oquXl oniarginations, one at the base of onch iiuindi- blo, (iiid one, «li<,flitly ln'oudcr, the emar^fi tuition of tlio labruni. Thoso Bcarcoly Hhow on <ho plato, where tlie anterior edge wrongly appears, CHpo- cially on the loft Hide, to bo soniewlmt in advance of the front margin of the eyoH. RfandiblcH large, Htout, nearly as long m the head. Eyes sma^'., cinMilar, Hitnatod with the anteniue at the anterior angles of the head, as distant as possible from the prothorax. Prothorax slightly l)roader than the head and of the same shape, excepting that the posterior angles are broadly rounded and so not closely connected with the elytra, the humeral angles of which are also rounded. These are slightly broader than the prothorax, somewhat longer than the rest of the body, entire, with parallel sides They are weakly and distantly striate, the strim marked by sparsely arranged erect seta? about as long as the interspaces. Similar seta; are scattered sparsely over the head and prothorax and oven the base of the mandibles.
Length of body, 7"""; of head and mandibles, 1.75"""; of prothorax, 1.2"'"' ; of elytra, 4""' ; bieadth of head, 2"'" ; of prothorax, 2.3r)"'"' ; of ely- tra, 2.G5"'"'.
This species differs so much in its general aspect, and especially in its comparative breadth, the great ])readth of the head, and the squareness of the prothorax, from P. cephalotes LeC, with which I have especially com- pared it, that I have hesitated somewhat to place it in the same genus. Casey does not recognize the generic distinction of Parandrita from Lfcmo- phlajus, but if this fossil be considered a member of the group there can be little doubt of its value.
Green Rivb. , Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. 87 (Dr. A. S. Pack- ard); 83, 85, 95 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
Family EROTYLID^ Leaeh. MYCOTRETUS Chevrolat.
MYCOTRETUS BINOTATUS.
PI. 7, Fig. 30.
Mycotreiua binolaia Scndd., Ball. U. 8. Gool. Geogr. Snnr. Terr., IV, 763-764 (1878); In Zittel, H&ndb. d.
PaliBont., I, ii, 800, Fig. 1053 (1885).
A single specimen with its reverse represent the dorsal aspect of this species, which closely resembles M. sanguinipennis Lac. in shape. It is,
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n
COLEOPTEUA— STArnYLINIDiE.
503
however, a Httlo smaller, the thorax tapers less rapidly, and the elytra are not striate. The head is badly presorvod, boinj^ crowded under the thorax ; it appears, however, to bo very Hinull, about half an broad us the thorax, with a broadly rounded front, largo eyes, and a dark color. The thorax is about two and a half times broader than long, with slightly convex sides, regularly tapering toward the apex, but not so rapidly as would seem to be required for so proportionally narrow a head ; the front border broadly concave, the hind border very obtusely angulate, scarcely produced as a broaa triangle in the middle ; the surface is of a light color, very minutely and profusely punctulate, the hind borders faintly marginato, the margin black and punctate. The elytra are more elongate than, and do not taper so rapidly as, in M. sanguinipennis ; they are of the color of the thorax, even more delicately punctulate than it, with two small, short, black, longi- tudinal, impressed dashes just outside the middle, and just before the end of the basal third ; the basal edge of the elytra is marked in black, much as the posterior border of the pronotum ; and the scutellum is small, owing to the encroachment of the median prolongation of the prothorax.
Total length, 'Mt""" ; length of thorax, 0.6""" ; of elytra, 2..')""" ; breadth of head, 0.75"'"' ; of thorax in front, 1.2"'"' ; behind, 1.45"""; of elytra at the spots, 2.1""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 3990 and 4015.
Family STAPHYLINIDyE Leach. OXYTELUS Gravenhorst.
OXYTELUS PRI8TINU8.
PL 5, Figs. 118-120. OxyMut priiUnut Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Qoogr. Surv. Terr., 11, 19 (1876).
A single fairly preserved specimen, but of which none of the append- ages excepting the elytra are visible. Apart from the labral prolongation, which is as in other species of Oxytelus, the head is subquadrate, slightly broader than long, the eyes occupying the whole lateral outline and but little convex ; the sutural divisions of the under surface show through upon the upper surface (which is exposed to view), obscuring somewhat the parts above. The prothorax is somewhat injured, but was evidently subquadrate, a little broader than the head, nearly a third broader than long, the front
504
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
border 8Ugh.,ly concave, the outfer m<argin a little convex, the posterior angles and posterior border exactly as in Oxytelus rugosus (Grav.) ; the surface is delicatel} punctulate as in the species named, and there is a very slight, shallow, and broad median longitudinal sulcation, whose walls, how- over, are not elevated into ridges, as usual in the species of Oxytelus. The right elytron is expanded, an'l is therefore in the most favorable position for examination; it is more than half as long again as broad, the humeral angle w; '\ rounded off, the outer margin very gently convex, the apex scpiarely truncate but slightly convex ; he surface is covered rather pro- fusely and uniformly with shallow circular punctures resembling those of the prothorax, and averaging about 0.04"'"' in diameter. The abdomen is much as usual in Oxytelus, the sides slightly convex, and the tip of the abdomen bluntly and ratlier regularly rounded ; it was evidently furnished rather abundantly with very fine, si ort hairs.
Length of body, 4.2"""; of head, 0.78'"'"; breadth of same, 8"""; length of eyes, 0.54"""; breadth of same, 0.18'"""; length of prothorax, 0.72""" ; breadth of same, CO"" ; length of elytra, 1.22"'"' ; breadth of same, 0.75"""; breadth of abdomen, 1.16"'".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. W. Denton.
BLEDIUS Leach. Bledius adamus.
jl-i
PI. 8, Fig. 10. nMiuH adimiia ScmM., Hull. U. S. Gcol. G«ogr. Sarv. Terr., IV, 762 (1878).
A rather poorly preserved specimen slic.vs the dorsal view of the body without the legs or iintennu'. It is of about the size of B. annularis LeC, and resembles it in general appearance, but seems to have shorter teg- mina, although tlicoe are obscure ; it is also a rather slenderer species. The head is large, as broad as the thorax, with rather large eyes. The thorax is quadrate, and the elytra together quadrate, and of the same size as the thoraA. The abdomen beyond the elytra is as long as the rest of the body; apically it expands somewhat, and the extremity is shaped as in the species mentioned.
Levrrth of body, 4.4"'"'; breadth of thorax, 0.75°"'.
Gi'icn River, Y/yoming. One specinirM, No. 4081.
I" !
COLEOPTERA— STAPHYLINIDiB.
505
4
i
A BlEDIUS GLACIATU8. P). 1, Fig. 35.
Allied to B. brevidens LeC. A singla elytron, about * vice sis long as broad, the sides almost parallel and straight, slightly broader tluan elsewhere just before the tip, the apical margin straight, not inclined, the outer poste- rior angle gently rounded, the oi'ter border slightly, tlie inner scarcely, margined, the deflexed portion of the outer margin narrow, equal, termi- nating at the middle of the outer half Texture delicate, the suiface slightly, irregularly, and not very closely punctate. A very small and rather broad scut allum is indicated by the sliape of the inner basal angle, which is not quite accurately given on the plate.
Lengtli of elytron, 1.9"""; breadtii, 1.1°"".
Interglacial clays of the neighborhood of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14540 (G. J. Hinde.)
OXYPORUS Fabricius.
\
OxYPORUS STIRIACU8. PI. 1, Fig. 36.
A single elytron, less tlian twice as long as broad, somewhat broken at the base, with very straight and almost parallel sides, enlarging to tlie least possible degree apically. It is a rather small species, of delicate texture, with smooth, unsculptured surface, except for the slightly impressed lines which follow the sutural and outer margins, giving a thickened appearance to either edge. The outer margin is gently and regularly convex, the outer posterior angle gently rounded, and the deflexed portion oi the outer mar- gin very narrow, equal, and reaching as far as the rounded apical part.
Length of elytron, 1.8"™; breadth, 1.12™"".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14552 (G. J. Hinde.)
LATHROBIUM Gravenhorst.
LaTUROBIUM AliSCESSUM. PL 8, Figs, io, 21.
XatAroMum a6»oe»«a»» Scndd., Bull.U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 791 (1870).
Two fragmentary specimens were taken by Mr. Richardson near Green River Crossing, Wyoming. The head is smooth, subquadrate, broader
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506
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
than long, with slightly convex sides and hind border, the eyes of medium size, obovate, <i little in advance of the middle of the head. The prothorax is smooth, as broad as the head, shaped quite as in L. elongatum (Linn.), the sides straight, the anterior angles rounded oflf, the whole posterior border well rounded. The abdomen is also as in the species mentioned, with rounded, tapering tip, but the elytra are shorter, being barely as long as the prothorax, with rounded apices.
Length of body, 6.25""" ; of head, 0.96""" ; of eyes, 0.25"'"' ; breadth of head, 1.02"'"'; length of prothorax, 1.16"'"'; of elytra, 1.05""'; breadth of abdomen, 1.2"'"'.
The above i.s the original description of the species. Since then other specimens have been found by Dr. I*ackard and myself, some of which are better preserved. These show that the head is of about equal length and breadth, well rounded, and with the surface slightly granular, as is also the prothorax ; the last is of a very short oval shape, with regularly rounded bides, scarcely more prominent anteriorly than posteriorly.
Green Piver, Wyoming. Seven specimens, Nos. 5, 165'' (F. C A. Richardson); 84, 94 (Dr. A. S. Packard); 3987, 4049, 4088 (S. H. Scudder).
t
Lathrobium interglaciale. PI. 1, Fig. 38.
A single elytron indicates a species nearly as large as L. grande I eC, but with coarser sculpturing than is common in this genus and more as in Cryptobium ; but in the latter genus the posterior margin is outwardly pro- duced. The inner basal angle indicates a pretty large scutellum. The elytron is of nearly uniform width, with a nearly straight outer margin but gently rounded, the greatest width close to the tip ; the posterior outer angle is roiuuled off and the posterior margin straight. The deflexed portion of the outer margin is narrow, subequal, rapidly tapering just before its termi- nation, extending just beyond the middle of the apical half of tho elytron ; inner margin simple. T'exture dense, the surfac'e of elytron coarsely, rather shallowly, and not very closely, irregularly punctate, and marked besides by four or five short, shallow, irregular, longitudinal grooves just within and before the middle.
Length of elytron, 2.5"" ; width of upper surface, 1.25""°.
Interglacial clays near Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14555 (G. J. Ilinde).
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OOLEOPTERA— STAPHYLINID^. 507
LEISTOTROPHUS Perty.
Leistotrophus patriarchicus.
PI. 5, Fig. 112. Leistotrophui patriarchicus Sondd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Gebgr. Snrv. Terr., II, 78-79 (IWC).
A single greatly crushed and ill defined specimen. Above, the head is broader than long, the front very broadly and regularly rounded, the jaws projecting triangular ' beyond it ; the eyes are large, nearly as long as the head and just as long as the width of the space between them ; tlie whole head is minutely and uniformly granulate. The collar, which is not granulate, is of the same width as the part of the head between the eyes, and about half as long as the head ; on one side of and in direct connection with this are some crushed fragments, apparently of one of the fore coxaj and femora, which distort its appearance. The prothorax is of about the size of the head, quadrate, with rounded corners and a slight elevated rim, without punctures or granulations. The elytra are very short, broader than long, quadrate, squarely truncate at the tip, leaving no signs of an exposed scutellum, faintly and distantly punctulate. The outline of the middle coxae is impressed through the remains of the insect, showing them to be shaped as in Creophilus and Leistotrophus. The abdomen is as broad as the thorax, not much longer than broud, broadly rounded apically, fur-^ nished with hairs on the upper surface and apical tufts as in Cieophilus villosus (Grav.) ; there are, however, no signs of punctulation.
Length of fragment, 12""" ; of head, 2.5""° ; breadth of same, 3.7.5"'" ; length of eyes, 2"*" ; breadth of same (as seen from above), O.SS"" ; length of tegmina, 1.7.5"'"'; breadth of same, 2""», breadth of abdomen, 3.8""'; length of middle femora, 2.3"'"' ; breadth of same, O.d.5"'"' ; length of middle coxae, 2,5"'"' ; breadth of same, LI"" ; length of hind femora, 2"" ; of hind tibiae, 2.5"".
White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton).
QUEDIUS Stephens.
The two species described here from Florissant differ considerably from each other in general appearance, but appear to be structurally simi- lar. They differ, one more markedly than the other, from modern species
'■'i'-'ji'i <?"*,a.A,(i«ft^- i*^'*^
1
I 1
508
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
of the genus in the gre<at brevity of the antennre and of their separate joints, as well as, so far as can be seen, in the shortness and stoutness of the legs.
QUEDIUS CHAMBERLINI. . PI. 10, Fig. 8.
Head moderately large, c .ate, with a slightly constricted neck. Antennjx! considerably longer than the head, reaching about to the middle of the thorax, the third joint a little longer than the second, scarcely increasing in breadth apically, the last joint no broader than the penulti- mate and scarcely, if at all, longer than broad. Prothorax fully as long as the head and narrower than long, subequal, smooth, and black. Legs shorter and stouter than in oar smaller species of Quedius, but otherwise similar. Elytra longer than the prothorax, of the same color and densely, finely, and briefly pilose. Abdomen black, narrowing posteriorly, the part beyond the elytra longer than the rest of the body.
Although longer than in the other species of Quedius here described, the antenna; are still markedly shorter than in our living forms.
Length, 7.25""" ; breadth, 1.5"'™.
The species was described from other specimens than the one figured. It is named for the distinguished geologist. President Chamberlin, of the University of Wisconsin.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 1478, 6615 and 7083, 10627, 12057 and 12483.
Quedius breweri.
PI. 16, Fig. 4.
Head largo, ovate, apparently smooth, with distant punctures, the neck slightly constricted ; mandibles stout and not very long ; antennai but little longer than Jie head, increasing very slightly in size apically, the third joint a little- shorter than the second, the last subpyriform, a little longer than broad, while the penultimate is broader than long. Prothorax smooth like the head, not at all exphmate, apparently of about equal length and breadth, narrowing a little anteriorly, furnished with a few distant, scattered, erect bristles. Legs apparently much as in Q. molochinus (Grav.), to which it appears to be most nearly allied, though a slenderer insect. Elytra rather shorter and scarcely broader than the prothorax,
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■WMM
COLEOPTERA— STAPHYLINID^.
509
I
thinly clad with rather long hairs, which are darker than the al:o sparse hairs of the abdomen ; abdomen with parallel sides and rounded tip.
The species is remarkable for its slenderness, the brevity of the antennae, and the stoutness of the mandibles.
Length, 8.5"""; breadth, 1.5"'™.
The species was described from other specimens than the one figured. It is named after the Western explorer and botanist, Prof W. H. Brewer,
of Yale College.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 3863, 5800, 8259, 13(535 and 14161, besides 1.381 from the Princeton Collection.
GYROPHJ^NA Mannerheim.
GYKOPIIiENA SAXICOLA.
PI. 6, Figs. 123, 124, Oyrophmna saxieola Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., 11, 78 (1870).
A single specimen of a species allied to G. vinula Er. has the head well rounded, with large round eyes and a rounded labrum. The pro- thorax is but vaguely defined on the stone, and is apparently of about equal breadth v. ith the head, and shorter than broad. The elytra are of equal length and breadth, each with a pair of longitudinal, straight, deli- cate, raised lines. There is no sculpturing of the surfoce ; no wings can be seen, nor legs, and the indistinctly preserved abdomen is shaped as in G. vinula.
Length of body, 1.84™"'.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
HOMALOTA Mannerheim.
HOMALOTA KECISA. PI. 8, Fig. 14. The head is tolerably large, produced and tapering anteriorly but well rounded at tip ; eyes globular, moderately large. Thorax a little broader than tlie head, subquadrate, broader than long (but this feature exaggerated in tho figure), with gently rounded sides and profusely and rather delicately punctate surface. Elytra together considerably broader than the thorax, F.bout as long as their united breadth, with scattered short hairs apparently
510
TERTIARY i:iirSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
arising from shallow punctae. Abdomen beyond the elytra of the width of the thorax, and retaining that width for four segments ; the four segments beyond that, and especially the longer penultimate and antepenultimate segments, tapering considerably, the last segment bluntly pointed, triangular. From indications in the clearer parts the abdomen would appear to have been faintly and ratlier distantly punctate.
Length of body, 4.5"""; width at elytra, l.l"'™.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, No. 78 (Dr. A. S. Packard), No. 399G (S. II. Scudder).
STAPIIYLINITES gen. nov. (Staphylinus, nom. gen.).
» Staphylinites obsoletum.
PI. 8, Fig. 32.
StaphyUnitea ohaoUtum Soadd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 78 (1876).
The single specimen obtained is too poorly preserved to determine until further material is obtained to what genus of Staphylinidse it should be referred. Following, therefore, the lead of Prof Oswald Heer in similar cases, it is referred to a provisional genus Staphylinites. The head, thorax, and abdomen are of equal breadth ; the eyes are round and rather large ; the posterioi- border of the pronotum is well rounded ; the elytra are simple, about twice as long as broad, truncate, and very broadly rounded, with a large, roundish, very dark spot occupying the whole of the tip.
Length of fragment, 3.2b'^'^; orsadth of same, 1.25'°"; diameter of eyes, 0.45"'"' ; length of elytra, 1.25""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 15200 (Mr. F. C. A. Richardson).
Family HYDROPHILID^E Leach.
CERCYON Leach.
CeRCYON ? TERBIGENA,
PL 2, Fig. 21.
Ceroyon t terrigena Scudd., Eep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can , 1877-1878, 179B (1879).
A single elytron with the base broken off appears to represent a species of Hydrophilidse, and perhaps is most nearly related to Cercyon, but of this
OOLEOPTERA— HYDROPHILIDiB.
511
there is much doubt. The elytron is pretty well arched, equal nearly to the tip, then rapidly rounded off, indicating an ovate beetle with the shape of a Hydrobius or a shorter insect, and of about the size of Helophorus lineatus Say. Eight faintly impressed unimpunctured striae are visible, the outer one, and to some extent the one next it, deeper; these two unite close to the tip, curving strongly apically ; the next two curve slightly near their ex- tremity, but are much shorter, not reaching tlio fourth stria from the suture, which, like the remaining three, pursues a straight course to the seventh atria. The surface between the striae is nearly smooth, piceous.
Length of fragment, 2.4"'"; breadth of elytron, LSS™"" ; distaii c apart ofthe striae, 0.15""".
Nicola River, below main coai seam, British Columbia. Oue specimen,
No. 57 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
HYDROBIUS Leach.
Hydrobius decineratus.
PI. 8, Fig. 27. Hydrohiui decineratM Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 761 (1878).
A single specimen exhibits tlio dorsal surface, but with part of the thorax gone. It represents a species a very little larger tlian H. fuscipei Curt, of California, and is apparently allied to it, though slenderer; the head and eyes are as in that species; the tliorax shorter and the elytra longer and more tapering at the tips, the extremities of wliich, however, are not pre- served; they are furnished with eight delicate striae, in which the punctures are scarcely perceptible even when magnified •, the surface otherwise ap- pears to be smooth, but is not well preserved. The scutellum is as in the recent species mentioned.
Length of body, 7.5""" ; of elytra, 4.75"'"' ; breadth of body, 3.6-".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4007.
Hydrobius confixus. PI. 7, Fig. 25. A single elytron has been found, perfectly flat, with nearly parallel sides and a bluntly pointed apex. It shows place for a minute scutellum, the surface is smooth, but marked by nine parallel, equidistant, slightly
512
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
incised strinc, wliich are apparently accompanied (not shown in the plate) by very faint and rather infrequent punctures ; all the strife can be trace! almost to the very ti}) of the elytron, some of tliem uniting, or almost uniting, as shown in the plate. The outer edge is not very well preserved, and doubtless a tenth stria is concealed there.
Length, 4"""; breadth, 1.7"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 79 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
PIIILlIYDliUS Solier.
PlIILHYDIlUS PRIMiEVUS.
PI. 8, Fig. 5. Philhydrus primmits SoiuM., Hull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., 11,78(1876).
A single specimen, wanting head, thorax, and legs, but exhibiting at once the upper and under svu race of the body (like specimens mounted after a potash bath), represents this species, which is poorly drawn on the plate, the striae being too far apart and only a portion of them shown. Tlie elytra taper on the apical third, following the narrowing form of the abdomen, and are delicately pointed ; they are furnished each with six straight, equidis- tant rows of distinct, longitudinal, punctate stria;, CIS""* distant from one another.
Length of elytra, 3.8""™ ; breadth of same, 1.35""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No 15l!)9 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson).
Philhydrus spp.
Two specimens (Nos. 4033, 4042) of species of Philhydrus were found by Mr. F. C. Bowditch and myself at the same Green River locality, but neither of them is very perfect, representing little else than elytra, and these rather obscurely preserved. Tiie larger species has smooth elytra; the elytra of the other have eight delicate striaj, which apparently are not punc- tured. Possibly one or both should be referred to Hydrobius.
Length of elytra of larger species (No. 4033), 4""° ; breadth of body, 3.2'"'".
Length of elytra of smaller species (No. 4042), 3,75""' ; breadth of body, 3™'".
Mention of these was made by me in the Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr, Surv. Terr., IV, 7GI (1878).
COLEOPTERA— HYDUOPUILID-^.
513
LACCOBIUS Erichson.
LaCCOBIUS EL0NGATU8.
PI. 7, Figs 27, 28.
LaeeohiM flongatui Sondd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Oeo({r. Siirv, Torr., IV, 761 (187S).
A single specimen and its reverse exhibit the elytron of a slender species of Laccobius. It is more than two and a half times longer than broad, and is furnished with thirteen equidistant, delicately punctured, faintly impressed striae, the punctures of which are more apparent on the basal than on the apical half ; the inner stria is as distant from the sutural border as from the neighboring stria, while the outer is scarcely separate from the outer margin. The species is very large, and also very slender, for a Laccobius, in which genus, however, I am inclined to place it, from the large number of punctured striae. The elytron has much the general appearance of that of a Lebia, but the number of striae, of course, forbids such a reference.
Length of elytron, 2.9°'"' ; breadth, 1.1""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 81" and 136^ (Mr. F. C. A. Richardson).
BEROSUS Leach.
BeROSUS 8EX8TRIATUS.
PI. 7, Fig. 40.
Berotm lexttriatua Scndd., Ball. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 760-761 (1878).
A single well preserved elytron represents a species scarcely smaller than B. punctipennis Chevr. (undescr.^) from Mexico, with the elytra of which it also agrees in the character of the tip and in the shape of the whole, unless in the fossil it tapers more toward the base ; the latter is also remark- able for the absence of tlie two lateral striae, the others retaining their nor- mal position ; and for the delicacy of the striae themselves, which are even more faintly impressed than in B. cuapidatus Chevr., and, unlike all Berosi I have seen, are nearly devoid of any sign of punctuation ; faint traces only can be seen when magnified twenty-five diameters. As not unfrequently happens in Hydrophilidae, although I have not noticed it in Berosus, a
■Seen in the coUeotion of the late Mr. George D. Smith.
VOL. xni 33
514 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OP NOKTII AMKUICA.
short Bupplemontarv stria originates near the base (»f the second stria, push- ing it a little to one side, and nms into the first stria a short distance from the base of the elytra. Length of elytron, 4.5-"' ; breadth, 1.4"-. Green River, Wyoming. One apecimen. No. 4079.
Bekosus tknuis.
PI. 8, Fig. 8.
nerosus le«m. Scu.Ul., •Jnll. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 7fiO (1878).
The single specimen representing this species is preserved on a dorsal view, and is nnusally slender for a Berosus, bnt seeu>s to fall here rather than in any other of the hydrophilid genera. It is of about the size of 1 . cnspidatns Chevr. from Mexico, and agrees generally in appearance with it, but is slenderer, and the tip of the elytra is siniple ; the punctured stna. ai-e exactly as in that species, as far as they can be made our, ihe head ,9 large and well rounded, with large round eyes. The pronotum the poste- rior edgeof which is partly concealed by the overlapping base of the elytra pushed a little otit of place, is shorter than in B. cuspidatus, with rounded sides, broadly and shallowly concave front, and apparently sn.ooth surface^ The elytra are long and slender, with entire, bluntly pomted t.ps, and very delicate, finely impunctured stria.. The whole body is regularly obo-
vate, broadest in the middle. , , r , j o 7r;mm
Length of body, 5.65"™; of elytra, 4.15 ; breadth of bod), 2.75 .
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4002. TROPISTERNUS Solier. Tropisternus sculptilis.
I rii. «Sp.„1.1 Bun U 8 Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Torr., IV, 760 (1878).
In a specimen and its reverse, of which o,dy the abdomen and elyt.-a are preserved, we have a well marked species of Tropisternus of about the size and shape of T. mexicanus Castln., but with rather frequ... stru., n>ore distinct than in that species, and composed, not, as there, of rows of impressed points, but of continuous, faintly impressed hues ; the hues are apparently eight in number and uniform in delicacy and distance apart ; ZL of the elytra, however, is poorly preserved, the elytra are rather slenderer than in the recent species mentioned, and the extreme tip is
t
OOLBOPTEUA— UYDROlMlILIDifJ.
515
t
rounded and not acutely pointed. Dintinct Htriation of the elytra is rare in TropistcrnuH, hut it scarcely seems possihlo to refer this species olsewliero.
Length of elytra, ({.5""" ; breadth of combined elytra, 5'"™.
Green lliver, Wyoming. One s{)ecimen, Nos. 3989 and 4084.
TrOPISTEBNUS 8AXIALI8.
PI. 8, Fig. 2.
TropinterniiK •wlali* Scurtd., Bull. U. 8. Qeol. Qeogr. Siirv. Tnrr., IV, 759-760 (1878).
One specimen and its reverse, found by mo in the Green River shales, represents a s[)ecie8 of Tropisternus nearly us huge as T. binotatus Walk, from Mexico. The large size of the' head and the shortness of the prothorax are doubtless due to the mode of preservation, the whole of the head, deflected in life, being shown, while the thorax is in some way foreshort- ened. In all other respects it agrees with the llydrophilidaj, and espeoi-ally with Tropisternus, having the form of the species mentioned. The heau is broad and well rounded, with small, lateral, posterior eyes. The thorax is much broader and much more than twice as broad as long, with rounded sides, tapering anteriorly, the front margin broadly and rather deeply con- cave, the hind border gently convex ; the scutellum is large, triangular, a little longer than broad. The surface of the thorax and elytra is appar- ently smooth ; at least no markings nvd discoverable, excepting the line of the inner edge of the inferior margination of the sides of the elytra, which appears through the latter, as do also the abdominal incisures and the hind fetnora and tibiai. These legs are longer and slenderer than in T. bino- tatus, the femora extending beyond the sides of the abdomen, and the tibia? are armed beneath at tip with a pair of slender spines, which tog'3ther with the tibia? are about as long as the femora.
Length of body. 6.65""" ; of elytra, 4.45""" ; breadth of middle of body, 3.25™"' ; length of hind femora, 2"'"' ; of hind tibiae, 1.25™".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4023 and 4027.
HYDROCHUS Germar.
HyDROCHUS AM1CTU8- Pl. 1, Fig. 47.
A single fragmentary elytron indicates a species of about the size of H. subcupreus Rand., and in general resembling it. The figure does not
516
TKHTIAKY 1NHK(!T8 OF NOUTII AMKKICA.
properly rei)reHont tlio prominent rounded humeral angle. It differH from the modern species mentioned in wanting tho special prominence of the third and fifth interspaces over the intermediate ones, though the seventh and eighth are elevated ; the jjunctures are also a little less pronounced, and s<» the interspaces wider ; whence douhtless it happens that the minute hairs which are confined to a single pretty regular row in the interspaces of the living species are scattered, irregular, and more numerous in the f(»ssil. Length of fragment, 2.<)'"'" ; probable length of elytron, 2.8"""; its
breadth, 1""".
Ititerglacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No.
14504 (G. J. Hinde).
HyOROCHXIS KELICTU8. PI. S, Fig. 11.
Head rather large, rounded, subtriangular, broader than long but prominent; eyes moderately large, globular, somewhat projecting. 'Phorax cylindrical, broader than long, a little broader than ^he head, broadest in the middle and narrowing a little b >th in front and behind, the sides slightly and rather regularly rounded, fn it and hind l)order nearly straight, the surface apparently a little roughened and with very short, moderately stout, scattered hairs, or perhaps only the latter. Elytra together much broader than the thorax, with well rounded ^.mieral angles and with ten longitudinal punctate stria? (the innermost and outermost not shown in the
plate) marked by short, moderately stout, scattered hairs, about half as
long as the width of the interspaces.
Length of body, 3"""; of thorax, O.fi"""; of elytra, 2"""; breadth of
thorax, 0.9"""; of elytra, l.S'""". The specimen is seen from above but with
a partially lateral view; if it were wholly dorsal the width of the elytra
would probably be 1.'?"'"'.
Green River beds, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 88 (Dr. A. S.
Packard).
HELOPHORUS IlHger.
Helophobus rigescens. PI. 1, Fig. 53. A single elytron with a broken tip represents this species, which does not seem to agree closely with any modern form, having less heavily pmictate
(JOLKOI'TKKA— (!AKAHI1),K,
517
i
Htrio; tind flatter intei'HparoH tliun any known to me. In general, in color and in texture, excepting in the very interruptedly elevated and gibbouM interspaces, "hicli are the chief cliaracteriHtic of the elytra of H. tubercu- latUH Gyll, it might be compared to that species, but it agrees better in size with H. scnbor LoC The prominent humeral -mgle h not properly shown in the plate, and the breadth is made to appear too great from the spreading of the declivous margin
Length of fragment, 2.1"""; probable length of elytron, 2.25""'; breadth in natural position, 0.7"'"'.
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario, One specimen, No. 14505 (G. J. Hinde).
Family DYTISCID^ MacLeay. LACCOPIIILUS Leach.
LaCCOI'HILUS •).
PI. 5, Pigs. 110, 117.
La(mpMUt$ «p. Boudd., Bull. U. 8. Oeol. Geogr. Siirv. T»rr., II, 78 (1870), III, 7r>9 (1877/.
A fragment of a leg found by Mr. Denton in Fossil Gallon, White River, Utah, must be referred to this genus. It represents the hind femur ard tibia of a species allied to L. maculosus Germ , but is so uncharacter- istic a fragment that it is not worthy of further mention.
Family CARABID^C Leach. CHLiENIUS Bonelli.
CHLiENIUS PUNCTOLATUS.
PI. 1, Fig. 7. Chlceniui punctulatua Horn, Traus. Anier. Ent. Soc, V, 244 (1876).
"One elytron of the size and very siiiilar to that of C. laticoUis, from which it differs in having the striae more finely impressed and the punctures rather closer, while those of the intervals are coarser and less numerous. Length, .40 inch; 10"""'.
"There can be no doubt that the generic determination is correct in this instance." Horn, loc. cit.
mm
1
518
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Besides a short humeral stria there are nine others, finely but sharply impressed, with frequent punctures at irrej^ular distances as if they were only a part of those which cover profusely the whole surface. The inter- spaces are 0.375"'"' broad in the middle of the ilytra, nearly flat, and besides ihe abundi;nt punctuation are very delicately and sharply rugulose, much as in Cymindis aurora from the same beds.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
CYMINDIS Latreille. .
Cymindis aurora. PI. 1, Fig. 6.
Cii.Mndit aurora Horn, Trans. Amor. Knt. Soc, V, 243 (1S7C).
'•Elytra Striai moderately deep, indistinctly punctured, int?:val8 irregularly, b'.seriately punctulate, and very finely alutaceous. Length, .30 inch; 7.5""'.
"The greater portion of both elytra remain, somewhat distorted by pres-^i and retaining much of the chitinous substance A species is indi- cate; ',>i\y related to C americana, but somewhat larger. The punctua- tion of the intervals and the arrangement of the stria? near the tip, resemble so closely those of Cymindis, thac I place the species in that genus." Horn, loc. cit.
The striic, although very distinct, are really shallow, and are very indistinctly and somewhat irregularly punctured; the interspaces are 0.25'""' broad in the middle of the elytra, and the surface is very regularly and most deliciitely and sharply rugulose and furnished abundantly with irreg- ularly scattered, somewhat faint, circular punctures, which can scarcely be said to be arranged biseriate.'y, although they are more frequent along lines which are slightly nearer the stria3 than the middle of the interspaces, and also to a less extent along the middle line of the interspaces. The length of the chitinous portion of the fragment it. 6.5'"". The breadth of the elytron and the number of striai can not be determined.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
PLATYNUS Bonelli.
The several species of Platynus here described from the interglacial clay beds belong to one type, somewhat di.stantly represented to-day by
».T
J...
COLEOl'TERA— CABABID^
<kr
519
P. cronistriatus LeC. and P. rubripes Zimm., in which the stride are coarse and punctured, the sutural stria insignificant or obsolescent, and the surface texture a very delicate transverse ribbing nowhere broken up into a reticulation.
Platynus senex. PI. 7, Fig. 38.
Platynus senex Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 759, (1878.)
This species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse. The upper surface is shown with none of the slenderer appendages. The true form of the head can not be determined, as the edges are not preserved. The prothorax is unusually square for a carabid, resembling only certain forms of Bembidium and Platynus, and especially P. variolatus LeC. It is, however, still more quadrate than in that species, and differs from it in shape, being a little broader than long, broadest just behind the middle, tapering but little anteriorly, and scarcely more rapidly at the extreme apex; the elytra are together only about half as broad again at base as the thorax, and are furnished with eight very faint and feeble striae, appar- ently unpunctured, the one next the margin interrupted by four or five foveae on the posterior half of the elytra; the humeral region is too poorly preserved to determine the striaj at that point ; the form of the elytra is as in P. variolatus.
Length of body, 6.1"""; breadth of thorax, Lfj""" •
together, 2.3""'; length of elytra, 4.1'
base of elytra
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 3998 and 3992.
f
Platynus casus. PI. 1, Fig. 42.
A single elytron is preserved in the beds which have yielded so many Platyni, which seems to be better comparable with P. rubripes Zimw. than with any other living form, but better still with the fossil forms from the same beds, with which it agrees also better in size, though it is a trifle broader, with a considerably more rounded humeral angle, a more rounded outer margin, and the first stria closely approximated to the suture. Except in these particulars it agrees be.t with P. halli ; but, somewhat as in P. rub- ripes though with less regularity in size and distribution, the interspaces
520
TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
are filled with irregular shallow punctures, which run more or less together so as to form interrupted, longitudinal, adventitious series between the striae. The intimate texture of iiie surface is much as in P. halli, the fifth and sixth striai meet at a distance from the tip and the sutural stria is obsolescent and brief
Length, 4 7""" ; breadth, 1.6""".
Interglacial clay beds, Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14523, (G. J. Hinde).
X Platynus hindei.
PL 1, Fig. 54.
A number of fragments occur of a species which seems to be allied to P. rubripes Zinim., but is much smaller than it and diifers from it consid- erably. The shape of the elytron is much the same as there, but the humeral angle is niore pronounced, the striae are rather coarser and perhaps a little more heavily punctate, while the interspaces, instead of being faintly and shallowly pun. .ate, are not only very faintly and irregularly transversely corrugate, but the fine sharp reticulat'iv^n of the living specie** seen under strong magnifying power is entirely absent from the piceous surface of the fossil, being replaced by a scarcely perceptible dull trans- verse ribbing. The fifth and sixth stria; are also united only a little beyond the middle of the outer half of the elytron, and the sutural stria is very short indeed and generally inconspicuous.
Length, 4.65"'™ ; breadth, 1.5"'"'.
Clay beds of interglacial deposits, Scarboro, Ontario. Nine specimens, Nos. 14512, 14514, 14518, ',14528, 14533, 14544, 14546, 14554, 14562 (G. J. Hinde). ^^'
I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. G. J. Hinde, to whose industry and zeal we are indebted for the interesting series of interglacial Coleoptera shown on Plate 1.
1?
^
Platynus halli. PI. 1, Fig. 41.
Another species of Platynus, allied to P. crenistriatus LeC, is still more nearly related to P. hindei just described, and is of the same size, and therefore considerably smaller than the living species, to which it bears the
COLEOPTERA— CARABIDJ3.
521
1?
\\
nearest resemblance. Its relations to P. hindei are very much the same as those of P rubripes to P. crenistriatus, the strisc being deeper and coarser than in P. hindei and the punctui'es larger and heavier. Though the humoral angle is scarcely so prominent as in P. hindei, the texture of the surface is scarcely different, unless in being slightly more marked, while in P. crenistriatus there is no reticulation or cross ribbing whatever. The early union of the fifth imd sixth striai again marks its affinity with P. hindei, and the sutural stria is of much the same character, though slightly variable.
Length, 4.65"'"'; breadth, 1.5""".
Clay beds of interglacial age, Scarboro, Ontario. Three specimens, Nos. 14520, 14524, 14525 (G. J. Hinde).
Named in honor of the veteran New York paleontologist. Prof James Hall.
fi Platynus DiaSIPATtJS.
PL 1, Pig. 37.
This species, which is of the same size as P. halli and agrees with it in its general features and in the minute texture of the surface, is separated from it solely on account of the grosser sculpture of the elytra, since the striaj, which are equally broad, are much shallowe.^ — a characteristic which applies as well to the punctures — and are li s distinct on the sides than on the interior half Neither of the fragments is perfect, though one has all but a little of the tip and permits us to see that the fi*"tii and sixth stride would unite early, as in those species, did they not fade out altogether before unit- ing. There is at least one puncture in the third interspace as far fro the base as the width of the elytron.
Breadthof elytron, 1.5™"'.
Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14515, 14563 (G. J. Hinde).
Platynus desuetus.
PI. 1, FiK8. 43, 51, 58.
This, the largest of the species from the clay beds of the Canadian border, is more nearly allied to P. crenistriatus LeC. than to any other liv-
522
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
ing tjpecies, agreeing with it also in size, vvliicli none of the other fossils do ; but in other particulars, including ♦'• intimate texture of the surface, it agrees better with its conteniporarie It is nearest perhaps to P. halli, but the stria; and punctures are a little less pronounced, the insect is much larger, and the fifth and sixth stria? meet at no great distance from the tip of the elytron, as in the modern species mentioned. There appear to be three punctures in the third interspace.
Length of elytron, 5"'"; breadth, 2'""'.
Clay beds of interglacial times, Scarboro, Ontario. Six specimens, Nos. 14477, 14478, 14486, 14516, 14526, 14538 (G. J. Hinde).
K Platynus habttii.
^
PL 1, Fig. 31.
This species, represented by a couple of specimens only, is the smallest of those found in the interglacial deposits, and in its peculiarities, especially in the distant union of the fifth and sixth strij«, is most nearly allied to the largest. Its outer margin is well rounded, scarcely marginate, the humeral angle tolerably prominent but well rounded ; the stria; are coarse and deep, with rather heavy but not very distinct punctures, scarcely broad- ening the striixi, while the piceous surface is delicately and rather faintly cross-ribbed. The marginal stria is obsolescent. There are apparently two or three interspacial punctures. It is very small for a Platynus.
Length of elytron, 3.6"""; width of one, 1.35"'"'.
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14475, 14480 (G. J. Hinde).
Named in memory of my fellow-student, Prof C. F. Hartt, formerly director of the Geological Survey of Brazil.
Platynus c^esus. PI. 7, Fig. 34.
This species is represented by a couple of specimens, one showing the closed elytra, the other the whole body proper and the fragment of a leg. It appears to be a true Platynus. Tiie head is obscure, but apparently longer than broad, with medium-sized circular eyes. The pronotum is broad sublyriform, the front margin scarcely concave, the anterior angles a
COLBOPTERA— 0ABABID.13.
523
little more than rectangular and well defined, the sides convex, the poste- rior angles very much rounded off, the hind margin otherwise gently con- vex ; it is brq^est slightly behind the middle, strongly margined at the sides, followed by a distinct neck, which is half the width of the pronotum. The elytra are oval, strongly margined, the humeral angles almost as strongly rounded as the hinder margin, the striae coarse, with no indication of punctures.
Length of body, 6"""; of pronotum, 1.4"""; of elytra, 3.25'"'"; second specimen, 3.5™"; width of pronotum, 1 76'"" ; of elytra, 2.2 (2.25)"'".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 83, 85 TDr. A. S. Packard).
DIPLOCHILA BmlU.
In this genus I place provisionally a fine but headless specimen from Florissant, rather imperfectly preserved as regards the elytra, and which was accidentally placed with the Heteroptera from appearing to luive a large scutellum, due to the impress of underlying parts. There seems to be nothing nearer among our native Coleoptera. No fossil form has previously been recognized in this genus, which is a widely distributed one in various parts of the globe.
DiPLOCHILA I HENSHAWI. PI. 28, Fig. 9,
A species is indicated of the size and general appearance of D. major, but it differs so much that it is very doubtful if it belongs to the "-enus. The finding of fresh material will probably determine this. The head is jacking. The form of the thorax is somewhat similar so far as can be told ; much has been worked out from the stone since the drawing was made, but the front part is imperfect by the removal of an angular fragment followino- an angulate sulcation not uncommon in Carabida^, but here excessively deen ; the thorax narrows more rapidly and considerably than in D. major, with angulate rather than sinuate sides, so that the thorax is one-half wider at base and two-thirds wider at the widest than at apex. The ovate form of the abdomen with the closed elytra is rather more like that of Carabus than of Diplochila, the elytra apparently furnished with distant slightly impunctate striae. The legs are constructed on the carabid type; the middle and hind
524
TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
feraom are of equnl size, the liind tibhi; considerably longer than the femora, furnished with a superior sharp carination ; they expaiul slightly at the tip, and are armed with a pair of long, unequal spurs ; hind tar^ a little longer than the tibia'., the first two joints are subequal, very long, each almost as long as the third to the fifth together ; these subecpial, the last apically sub- bullate and armed with a pair of rather short claws. Apparently the whole body was uniformly black.
Length of fragment, 14"""; breadth across middle of thorax, 6.5°""; across closed elytra, 9.2'""'; length of hind tibia, G.4"'"' ; tarsus, 7. 1'""'; first tarsal joint, 2.75"'"'.
Named for my excellent friend, the well known American entomologist,
Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of Cambridge.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 8201.
DIC^LUS Bonelli.
DlC^LUS ALUTACEU8.
PI. 1, Figs. 8-10.
Dicahu alutaceus Horn, Traus. Amer. Eut. Soc, V, 244 (1876).
" Two elytra much flattened, retaining their proper position in relation to each other, remain, with but little of their actual substance enough how- ever to indicate the surface sculpture.
" A species is indicated bearing a close relationship to dilatatus, but with the intervals somewhat more convex and the surfiice more distinctly alutaceous. The humeral carina appears to have been extremely tine and rather less elevated than in dilatatus.
" Elytra.— Length, .70 inch, 17.5"'"'. Width, .40 inch, IC"".
" The measurement includes also the portion of the elytra covered by the base of the thorax. With proper allowance being made for flattening a species is indicated of as large size as our largest purpuratus but relatively narrower." Horn, loc. cit.
The stric-E are seven in number, besides the humeral stria, and are 0.65""" apart in the middle of the elytra. The length of the largest fragment is 1 7"'"'; the breadth of one elytron, 4.9'"'".
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Peimsylvania.
■
mm
COLEOPTERA— OARABIDyE.
DiC-ELUS sp.
525
PI. 1, Fig. 15. DicitUit »p. Horn, Trans. Amfr. Ent. 8oo., V, 244 (1876).
" Another species of much smaller size than the preceding [D. alutaceus Horn] is indicated by an impression of the greater part of both elytra and a very small fragment of one elytron, resembling D. elongatus. The carina appears to be of similar length and the intervals moderately convex, equal
and smooth. ^ .
«'No measurements can be given as I have not sufficient material on which to base them and I must also leave the species nameless." Morn,
loc cit. . • iU
I have seen only the specimen figured. The surface sculpturing is the
same as in D. alutaceus, but the species being smaller the striae are of course
closer; but in addition to this there are more of them, as there are nine in
all ; their average distance apart in the middle of the elytron is 0.4"". The
width of the two elytra together is 7"'"'.
The fragment is too imperfect to require a name at present.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. PTEROSTICHUS Bonelli.
PtEROSTICHUS ABR0GATU8. PI. 1, Fig. 39.
A fragment of an elytron indicates a species closely allied to F. hercu- laneus Mann in elytral structure and of probably about the same size. The sutural stria is similar; there are the same broad and deep, simple strijB, only they are, if anything, broader and deeper in the fossil. The interspaces are, however, flatter than in the recent species, and the intimate texture of the surface, instead of showing a very distinct reticulation of minute imbricated cells with sharply defined walls, is almost entirely smooth, the faintest sign only of such tracery being visible with strong magnifica- tion. The first stria is also at an unusual distance from the margin. The
color is piceous.
Length of fragment, 5"™; width of same, 2""; presumed length of
elytron, 7.5«™. .
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14560,
(G. J. Hinde).
526
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
PtEKOSTICHUS D0RMITAN8.
PI, 1, Figs. 49, 55.
This apecies, represented by two opposite ends of elytra, is very close indeed in size and general character to P. laetulus LeC. It may be slightly smaller, but not enough to be worth specifying. The color is different, being testaceous instead of a dull metallic green. There are the same delicately traced, indistinctly, distantly, and delicately punctate striae ; a sutural stria of the same character, and similarly flattened interspaces. The intimate surface structure of the interspaces is similar, but the cells of the present species are a little smaller than in P. laetulus, with coarser and less prominent walls, and therefore giving a much less delicate reticulation. The third interspace is not well enough preserved to tell anything about the punctures.
Length of largest fragment, 4.5"™ ; breadth of elytron, 2'""'.
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14503, 14508 (G. J. Hinde). 'r d&^-^^l"-"
u) Pterostichus destitutus.
PI. 1, Fig. 44.
This species is represented by a single elytron of a mahogany color, which seems to be nearly related to P. sayi Brulle and of the same shape, tliough a considerably smaller species. The cliaracter of the stria", in depth and punctuation is quite as in P. sayi, but the interspaces are flatter, and the delicate transverse reticulate striation, finely traced in P. sayi, is here inconspicuo.- -...d dull and more irregular. The present species has a similar sutural stria, but apparently no puncta in the third or any other interspace, though it is possible that one exists in the place occupied by the posterior one in P. sayi. One peculiarity of the present species is the early union of the fifth and sixth stria;, well in advance of the interruption of the marginal curve.
Length of elvtron, G""; breadth, 2.5'""'.
Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14522, (G. J. Hinde).
^^mimmiKfm'
COLEOPTEBA- CAUABIDyE, 527
PtEROSTICHUS FRACTU8. PI. 1, Figs. 29, 30.
«
Closely allied to P. destitutus, with the same early union of the fifth and sixth strire, not shown in the figure, but still smaller and with less dis- tinct atrial punctuation, this being indeed very inconspicuous. A single elytron is preserved, with the extreme apex broken. There is a distinct punctum in the third interspace opposite the union of the fifth and sixth striae, which is just before the break. The interspaces are flattened, as in P. destitutus, and the intimate structure of their surface is exactly as there, except in showing scarcely any sign of reticulation.
Length of fragment, 4.5'"'"; breadth, 2""".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14532 (G. J. Hinde).
f
Ptebostichus destkuctus. PI. 1, Fig. 4G.
A couple of elytra, from each of which the entire apex is broken, closely resemble P. patruelia Dej in shape and sculpture, but represent a species a little larger than it. The sutural stria is exactly as in that species, and the strin; are finely impressed and without punctures ; the interspaces would appear to be flatter than in P. patruelis, and the third interspace does not appear to have the three punctures found in that species, but only the central one. Tiie color is blackish castaneous.
Length of one fragment, .'5.5'"'"; probable length of elytron, 4.75™"; width of same, 1.5™™. Length of another fragment, 3.8'"™; width, 1.45'"™.
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14519, 14549 (G. J. Hinde).
Pterostichus gelidus.
PI. 1, Figs. 52, 59-61.
LoxaHdnu gelidua Sondd., Ba)' U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 763-764 (1877).
The following fragmerts of this species have been examined : A very nearly perfect elytron, but badly cracked and pressed apart ; the greater part of another ; parts of three united segments of the abdomen ; the pro- thorax slightly cracked ; and a portion of one of the mandibles. A species
528
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
is indicated of about the same size as P. hudsonictis LeC. and closely resemblinp; it. The elytra are piceous, witii a metallic-blue reflection; there are nine distinctly and rather deeply aiid equally impressed stria;, rather faintly atid not very profusely punctate ; the interspaces appear as if minutely cracked, and with a sinndation of excessively faint and small fovea* throu<»'hout, while the third has a more distiiict, though still rather siiallow and rather larj^o fovea considerably behind the middle of the apical half of the elytra ; a second fovea appears in the third interspace, as far from the aj)ical fovea as that is from t!ie apex, but it is situated laterally, encroaching on the stria next its inner side. It is perlmps due only to an excess of the simuliitin<^ fovea' that there is apparently a row of appioximated punctures, quite like those of th.o neighboring stria;, for a very short distance between the base of the sixth and seventh stria'. The first stria turns outward next the base, to make room for a scutellar stria. The obliquely (uit marginal foveju figree with those of P. hudsonicus. The prothorax is quadrate, the front margin very slightly angled, the sides broadly rounded, fullest ante- riorly, with an exceedingly slight median sulcus (indicated by a slender crack), and more distinct posterior sublateral sulci (indicated by wider cracks), and between which the hind border is scarcely convex. The sur- face of the prothorax is smooth ; the abdomen is also smooth. The part of the mandible remaining is only the basal " molar" portion, armed with six or seven mammilate conical teeth, or rather transverse ridges.
Length of elytron, 5.75"""; breadth, 2"'" ; length of prothorax, 2.25""; breadth, S.S"™ ; breadth of abdomen, 2.25™".
The species differs from P. hudsonicus in the shape of the prothorax (if that belongs here), broader stria;, and less convex elytra.
Interglacial clays of Scarboro Heights, near Toronto, Canada. Sev- eral specimens, among others Nos. 14521, 16418 (G. J. Hinde).
PtEROSTICHUS LvEVlGATUS.
PI. 1, Figs. 3, 4.
I'leroHlirhiiH la-rigatim Horn, itiod.
Pleronlicliun sp. Mnni, TratiH. Ainer. Ent. Soc, V, 243 (1876).
" Fragments of two elytra. Elytra striate, stria; impunctured, inter- vals moderately convex, smooth.
"A species apparently of the size of coracinus or stygicus is indicated,
COLEOPTBRA— CAKABID.K.
529
Ml'"
but without more material it seems unnecessary to name it, or guess as to its affinities." Horn, loo. cit.
Besides the two elytra referred to altove l)r. Horn has sent me attached to the same card another elytron, bcttci- preserved, hut with the apex lacking; the chitinous portions of the othtn' fraffinent.s perfectly resemble this, and thcVe can scarcely be any doubt tlmt thoy belong together. This ntnv fragniejit is of a piceous color. There are nine striic, counting the one next the outer edge; the interspaces are 0.5""" broad, moderately convex, sniootii, but with transverse impressed lines at very irregular and rather infrequent intervals, which can hardly be due altogether to preser- vation, as they seldom or never cross continuously two contiguous inter- spaces; the striai are deep, faintly margined at the bottom, but in none of them, nor in any of those in the specimens described by Dr. Horn, can 1 discover the slightest sign of punctures.
Length of this elytron (fragmentary), 6.5"""' ; breadth of same (com- plete), 2.5""' ; width of the two contiguous elytra, 5.5"'"'.
With this additional knowledge it seems worth while to restore the name Dr. Horn once thought of employing.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
Ptekosticiius ? sp. PI. 1, Fig. 5.
PleroatichuHf sp. Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, SW (1876),
" The greater portion of two elytra with the basal and apical ends wanting, indicate a form of larger size than any of our eastern species of Pterostichus. The elytral substance is in extremely bad stale, being wrinkled and cracked in such a manner as to render a description of its sur- face impossible. It may be a Lophoglossus." Horn, loc. cit.
There are eight stria; besides that at the outer edge ; the interspaces are 0.42'""" in width, more flattened than in P. la^vigatus, broken into innu- merable fragnionts, like sun-dried mud, resulting in a dead-black color, but with no indica ions that the surface was otherwise than quite smooth. The length of one of the elytra (the base broken) is 10°"° ; its width (complbte) 3.25'°°'.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. VOL. XIII 34
530
TEUTIAUY INSKUTS OK NOUTIl AMHKIUA.
PATROBUS Megerlo.
PaTROBUS UELATU8. I'l. 1, Fig. 48.
Of this Hpecios the only remains are a single prothoracic sliield per- fectly preserved. It is piceoua, posteriorly truncate, its angles rectangular and as broad as the leJigth ; in advance of the hinder fourth ox|)anding to iiearl}- one-fourth greater width in the middle of the anterior half, and then again narrowing to the declivous front angles ; the disk convex with a uni- fonnly and rather deeply incised median line, each lateral half thus divided marked posteriorly by an abrupt Hat and punctate depression, with well marked rounded outline, distinctly separated from the median incision on one side or the very narrow, marginate, lateral border on the other, and separated from the latter also by a longitudinal furrow not figured in the ])late; otherwise the surface is smooth. It is undoubtedly related verj- closely to P. septentrionis Dej., differing principally in the sharp and sud- den depression of the fosste in the hind angles and their separation from the lateral border l)y a distinct incised longitudinal furrow.
Length of prothorax, 2.1""" ; greatest breadth, 2.75"".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14586 (G. J. Hinde).
BEMBIDIUM Latreille. Bembiuium exolktum.
l»l. 5, Figs. 121, 12J. liembidium exoletitm Scudd., BiUl. IT. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 77-78 ( 1876).
A single, rather well preserved specimen, exhibiting the upper surface and impressions of parts of the legs. It is of about the size of B. infequale (Say). The head is too poorly preserved to present any characters; the pronotum Is of equal width anteriorly and posteriorly, its sides regularly and considerably convex, the posterior angles well defined, the hind margin slightly convex ; its surface appears to be very faintly punctulate, at least posteriorly, f^nd there is a slightly impressed median line. The elytra are shaped as i'l B. ina;quale, and are provided with seven or eight very deli- cately impressed longitudinal strice, made up apparently of a series of ad-
I
i
I
I
COLKOPTKRA (iARABID.K.
581
I
jaf.ont punctures ; tlio Hiitural odgo is (ieliciitoly iimrginate. The tVag- mentH of'legH hHow simply that they are of the form uniial in Bemhidiuni.
Length of insect, 4.75"""; of pronotuni, O.SH"""; width of same in the
middle, 1.2'""': of Ha«,.e at the poHterior lumlor, 1' ; of the body at the
humeral portion of the elytra, 1.0'"'"; of mime at the middle of the elytra, 'i.Ofi"'"; length of the elytra, 2.H'"'"; v.f fore femora, 0.«»f;"""; hreadth of wame, 0.24"""; length of hind femora (?) 0.!»2"'"'; breadth of same, 0.3«"""; distance apart of the elytral stria*, O.ll""™.
White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen, No. 34 (W. Denton).
i) BeMBIDI'TM OLACIATl'M. PI. 1, FiR. 40.
A couple of elytra represent this species, which seems to be nearly allied to the scarcely smaller B. longulum LeC. The humeral angle is not quite so prominent, and the striiv and punctures are more heavily marked. The striai are indeed rather deeply impressed and equally so over the whole width of the elytron, but all become less pronounced and even obsolescent apically ; the same is true of the punctures which on the basal half of the elytra are very heavy, making transverse creases in the neighboring inter- spaces, so that they are rather transverse than longitudinal or even circular. The sutural stria is as in B. longulum, and the texture of the surface of the interspaces, instead of being as in tlie modern species almost structureless, is marked with a fine but decided cross-ribbing, verging upon reticulation. The color is a rich carbonaceous with a purplish tinge.
Length of elytron, 3.2""'; width, 1.35'""'.
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14536, 14541 (G. J. Hinde).
Bembidium fbagmentum.
PI, 1, Fig. 45.
Another species of Bembidium from the glacial clays is represented by a single elytron with the tip broken off, differing from the preceding by its much less heavy markings and agreeing better among modern types with B. constrictum Say, which is of about the same size. The elytron is black, with a remarkably little developed humeral angle (though this is exagger-
532
TESTIAUY INSECTS OF NOx.^^- AMERICA.
ated in the plate by a.i unfortunate twist in the specimen) and with striae almost wholly made up of tolerably heavy circular punctures, which fade out en the apical half of the elytron and are obsolescent on the sides. It is about as lieavily marked as H constrictum.
Length of fragment, a.G"'"; probable length of elytron, 4°"°; its breadth, 1.45""°.
Intergiacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14509 (G. J. Hinde).
/
NEBRIA Latreilie.
Nkuria PALE0MEL\8.
PI. 2, Fig. 20.
;^e6ria paleomelas S rAd., Rep. Progr. Geo!. Sutv. Can., 1877-1878, 179B (1879).
A nearly perfect elytron with the humeral angle broken off represents a carabid, probably related to Nebria. A species is indicated which is of about the size of N. sahlbergi Fisch. The elytron is about two and a half times longer than broad ; the surface is noarly smooth, piceous, with nine stride, which are ratlier deeply impressed, and a scutellar stria, which unites with the first longitudinal stria at about one-f»ixth the distance from the base, in such a way as to make it appear eipially forked in passing toward the base, its outer fork striking dose to the base of the second longitudinal stria; the fifth and sixth striu' are united to each other and to the united third ani iburth striiv, near the apex, by a wavy continuation of the sixth, after it has bent toward the fifth in running parallel to the seventh, as it curves toward and runs to the tip of the elytron ; the ninth stria, which forms the ^dgo of the elytron as it is preserved, shows no appearance what- ever of ocellate punctures, although under the microscope some of the central striae show slijfht signs of faintly indicated punctures near the middle of the elytron.
Length of elytron, 5.2"""; breadth, 1.8'""'.
Nicola liiver, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 58 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Canadian Geological Survey).
I
I
COLEOPTER A-C AR ABID^.
LORICERA Latreille.
538
LORICERA GLACIALIS.
PI. l,Figs. 50, 57.
Loricera glaciaUi Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr , III, 7KJ (1877).
Of this species a pair of elytra are preserved nearly complete, but cracked and flattened somewhat out of shape. It Is allied to L. caeru- lescens L., but differs from it and from all other American species of Loricera in the much greater depth of the stria; and in the presence of distinct submarginal fovea;. The elytra are of a glistening, somewhat blue-black color. The striae are strongly impressed, faintly though rather coarsely and profusely pnnctulate, the third intei'space with three small, distinctly but not deeply impressed foveae, arranged as in L. cajrulescens, two near each other just above the middle of the elytra, and one behind the middle of the apical half; fifth interspace sometiuies furnished with a pair of very faint fovea; near the middle of the elytra, nnich as in I . decempunctata Esch , aboiit as far from each other as from the sutural border; and finally the ninth interspace, different from all the species of Loricera I have been able to examine, has eight or more small but distinct and deep foveae, mostly situated in the apical half of the elytra, sometimes connected by oblique ridges with the next stria within. The interspaces are crossed by very fine wrinkles, scarcely visible with a simple lens. Seen on the under surface each of the punctures of the striae are surrounded by a circle reaching to the circles around the adjoining punctures, reminding one some- what of the upper surface of Elaphrus. The elytra are shaped as in L. decempunctata, particularly at the apex.
Length of elytron, 4.4"""; breadth, 1.6""°.
Interglacial clays, Scarboro Heights, near Toronto, Canada. T^wo specimens, Nos. 16416, 16417 (G. J. Hinde).
Lobicera! lutosa.
PI. 1, Fig. 32.
A single elytron in a perfect state of preservation. It is almost two and a half times longer than broad, scarcely broader in the middle than at the base, the humeral angle roundly angulated. There are ten series of very coarsely punctured striae, the four inner running ahnost to the apical
534
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOKTII AMERICA.
margin, tlie others, howevor, curving- inward to abut against them, the outermost meeting the innermost at the apex; the elevated narrow inter- spaces smooth and sliining ; the wliole ))iceons.
This can hardly he referred to J^oriceni, hut I can find no other genus with which it better agrees. I am inclined to the belief that it will be found to belong to an extinct type of Loricerini. There seems to be, as there, a faint internal plica, but the specimen is broken only at just this |)oint.
Length of elytron, 3.3"'": breadth, 1.4""".
Clay beds of 8carboro, Ontario, Canada. One specimen. No. 14559 (G. J. Hinde.)
KLAPHRU8 Kabricius.
Elaphuu.s irregularis. I'l. 1, FiK. ")«.
An elytron only is preserved, which by its surface sculpture appears to resemble E. viridis, of California (wln'ch I have not seen), more than any other, though in size it agrees better with E. riparius and E. ruscarius, the nearest allied of the species I have examined. The elytron is distinctly slenderer than in these latter species, with the middle scarcely, if at all, wider than the base, but with entirely similar apex. Surface uniformly punctured, the punctures coarser than in E. riparius, with ill-defined obscure fovea;, the basal one of the second series from the suture being the only one as distinct as in E. riparius ; spaces between the fovea' remarkably elevated, forming longitudinal, more or less t(»rtuous ridges which are highest (and rarely polished) in longitudinal dashes as long as the diameter of the fove* and in the same lines with them, i. e., between fovea; of the same longitudinal series and not in the intersjjaces between the series. It is in these elevated spaces that its relationship to E. viridis especially appears, and their irregularity, through their more or less tortuous connecting, less elevated ridges, which has suggested the name. Color dull piceous, with faint dark metallic green reflection, which is (^uite distinct on the inflected margin.
Length of elytron, 4.5"""; breadth, 1.5""".
Clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One'specimen, No. 14527 (G. J. Hinde).
"
,»
•k
COLEOPTERA— CARABID^. NEOTHANES gen. nov. (vio?, BvtjaKG)).
535
Allied to Carabus, and belonging to the same tribe, Carabini. It differs from it in some marked features of the head, but agrees better with it than with the Cychrini, in which it was formerly placed. The head is unusually broad and short, the width between the base of the not very prominent round eyes being nearly twice as great as the length from the center of the eyes to the margin of the labrum, while the burial of the head in the pro- thorax up to the base of the eyes renders the brevity more apparent ; the labrum is entire, its base just in front of the insertion of the antennae ; man- dibles shorter and stouter than in Carabus and (Jalosoma, arcuate, untoothed; tip of maxillte just as stout as (though probably thinner than) the apex of the mandibles. The head does not appear to be constricted behind the eyes, though but little of that portion can be seen in the single specimen which preserves this part. Prothorax and elytra as in Carabus, excepting that the latter have no fovete whatever, and the very numerous striaj are straight and the interspaces smooth and unbroken.
Neothanes testeus.
PI. 7, Figs. 32, 39.
Caehrm te»tm» Scadd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 758-7.59 (1878).
This species was first described from the less perfect and more obscure specimen of the two now before me. The better preservation of the secord, with its thorax and other parts, shows that the species should be placea in the Carabini rather than in the Cychrini. The stout and untoothed mandi- bles leave no doubt on this poii...
The pronotum is broadest somewhat in advance of the middle and tapers with about equal i i)idity toward the front and toward the base, so that the base is somewhat i. rrower than the front, the external angles well rounded ; the front margin is- nearly, the hind margin quite, straight, the former scarcely angulate in the middle, the lateral angleb slightly produced ante- riorly ; there is a faint median carina, more pronounced in the middle, but otherwise the thorax appears to be tolerably smooth, though laterally the head is longitudinally subrugulose. The elytra have the humeral angle well rounded off and the tip angulate ; the strise are close and crowded to the number of about twenty-five on each elytron, aliarp and clean, but
¥
1
536
TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
rather shallow, and with scarcely tlie slightest sign of any uncertainty of direction or waviness of course such as is common in theCarabini; nor do they combine and divide, but are equidistant and parallel throughout, the interspaces smooth and not imbricated.
Length of body to tip of mandibles, 11""" ; length of head from posterior edge of eyes to front of clypeus, 1.25""' ; of prothorax, 2.15"'"" ; of elytra, 1""" ; width of head between the eyes, 1.7'""' ; of prothorax in front, 2.75"""' ; at widest, 3.5"""' ; at base, 2.5'"™ ; of elytra, 4.8"""'.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 24 (L. A. Lee), 4059 and 4100 (S. H. Scudder).
CYCHRUS Fabricius.
Cychrds whkatleyi. PI. 1, Fig. 1,
Cychriis wheatleiji Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 242 (1876).
" Of this species I have before me a flattened thorax, all the actual sub- stance of the upper surface being present in moderately good ])reservation, and the large portion of a left elytron of which ])ut a small portion of the substaiice remains.
"The thorax although flattened bears evidence of having the disk moderately convex, the median line distinct, the transverse basal impression rather deep and the lateral margins broad, wider at base and reflexed. The hind angles are obtuse and not prolonged, the ba.se being moderately emar- ginate. The sides are moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed toward t!ie base, the widest portion of the thorax being slightly in front of the mid- dle. A species is thus indicated resembling viduus but smaller, not exceed- ing in size the average specimens of andrewsii.
" The elytra are finely striate, the intervals moderately convex and apparently smooth, the stria? with moderate punctures not as closely placed as in any species on this side of the continent. The striai are as numerous as in viduus or andrewsii.
" Thorax.— Width, .24 inch, .6'"'" ; length, .16 inch ; 4""".
" Elytra (restored).— Width, .48 inch; 12"""'. Length, .66 inch; 16.5""".
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
" I think there is very little doubt of tiie distinctness of this species
i
i
! • *
COLKOPTEUA— CARABID^.
587
from any at present existing, but it may be infeired that it is the species to which our viduus must look for its ancestry.
"I liave named the s,,eci('s in honor of Mr. Charles M. Wheatley, of Phciinixville, to whom we iire indebted for the exploration of the locality in which the fossil insects were discovered." Horn, loc. cit.
Includinjr the strise next the margins of the elytra there appear to be fourteen in all i the two outer ones are obscure and those upon the disk are at an average distance apart of 0.375""" ; the striae appear to be faintly punct- ured and the punctures as distant as the striae ; the intervals between the striic are broken by irregular impressed lines producing a tuberculate ap- pearance but otherwise smooth. The disk of the prothorax is considerably more quadrate and proportionally broader than in the species of Cychrus with which Dr. Horn compares it. Indeed, I was at first inclined to believe that the lateral lamellate rim was narrow and equal throughout, and there- fore to place the insect in Calosoma (in the neighborhood of the species sometimes referred to Callisthenes) ; but a renewed study in company with Dr. Horn shows that this is a mistake, and that the rim broadens greatly behind, leaving a somewhat shield-shaped disk as in Cychrus viduus.
Length of thorax, S.G""' ; breadth of same, 6""" ; breadth of elytron, 6"""; length of fragment preserved, 12.75""".
Bone caves of Port Kenned}-, Pennsylvania.
Cychrus minor. PI. 1, Fig. 2.
Cychrug (minor) Horn, Trans. Aiuer. Eut. Soc, V, 243 (1876).
'* Two fragmentary elytra of smaller size than the preceding [C wheatleyi] afford the only groundwork for the name above suggested. The striae are fine and with fine punctures, the intervals feebly convex, evidently slightly rugulose, and probably, also sparsely punctulate An impression of the scutellum remains which is broadly triangul.ar, and not different in form from that of andrewsii.
"Elytra (restored). Length, .54 inch; IS.S™"". Width (actual), .15 inch; 3.75"'"'.
"The form is therefore almost exactly that of andrewsii." TTorn, loc. cit.
There is a slight bluish cast to the black chitinous parts of the elytra
638
TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
I liave examined ; the punctures of the stria' are about as far apart as two- thirds the widtli of tlie interspaces ; tlie latter are 0.25""" wide and are barely- convex, slightly rugulose, and so fiir as T can determine not at all punctulate; the length of the fragment of one elytron is 10.5""", the width of the same elytron, 4.25"'"'.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
1
1
«p
^l
Baron R. von Osten Sacken and Mr. Edward Burgess have given me rjuich assistance in perplexing points while studying the Diptera here recorded.
DIPTERA^ CYCLORHAPHA Brauer.
Family LONCH^ID^E Loew.
LONCHyEA Falh^n.
9 LONCHiEA SENESCENS. PI. 3, Fig. 18. lonchm teneieent Scndd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 277-278 (1877).
A portion of the body (excluding the head) too fragmentary to bo of any value and a pair of expanded wings faintly impressed on the stone com- pose the remains of the single individual of this species. The wings are rather slender, obovate and well rounded, with the neuration of Lonchaja vaginalis Fall., as given by Westwood in Walker's " Diptera Britannica," excepting that the basal cells do not appear to be quite so large in the fossil species, and the fourth longitudinal vein is sUghtly more arched beyond the larger transverse vein ; the costal vein is bristly ; the wing appears to be hyaline, but there is an indication of a slight infumation along the larger transverse vein ; it is covered with excessively line microscopic hairs, which also cover all the veins with a delicate pubescence ; with this exception the first longitudinal vein is bare ; the larger transverse vein is slightly oblique, and but little larger than the portion of the third longitudinal vein lying between the two transverse veins.
Length of wing, 4.6™"'; breadth of same, 1.8""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 17, Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada.
r>40 TBRTIAUY INSIOCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
PALLOPTERA I'alldn.
b Pallopteba morticina. PI. 3, Fig. 15.
Palloptera mortioina Soiidd., Rep. ProRr. Geol. Sarv. Can., 1875-1876, 278 (1877).
An indistinguishable crushed mass of chitine and tlie basal half or more of a single wing are all that remain of this creature. The wing is small and probably was not over three millimeters long ; hyaline, with a slight infu- mated spot of considerable size in the middle of the wing between the two transverse veins ; the l)asal colls are small ; the auxiliary vein is very slight, and throughout very closely approximated to the first longitudinal vein ; the latter appears to l)e short and nearly straight, bare of bristles, but pubes- cent like the rest of the wing ; the costal vein is bristly, but like all the others is pale testaceous; the small transverse vein lies within the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; the large transverse vein is straight and perpendic- ular to the costa, ren-.oved from the small transverse vein by double its own length.
Length of fragment of wing, 2.1,')°"°.
Qiu3snel, IJritlsh Columbia. One specimen. No. 20 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of (^^anada).
Family ORTALID^E Fallen. LITHORTALIS Scudder.
Lithortalis Scudd., Rop. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 187r)-1876, 876-277 (1877).
This ortalid can certainly not be refeired to any of the American genera mentioned by Loew. It is most closely allied to Ceroxy s, but besides a diff'erent distribution of the spots the neuration of the wing varies so much from that of Ceroxys as to render it certain that it should be separated from ■it. The shape of the wing is much as in Ceroxys, especially as in C. canus Loew, to which it is also most nearly allied in markings ; the first longitud- inal vein has bristles upon its end only, and even here they are few and small ; the fourth longitudinal vein is curved backward a little, and the pos- terior angle of the third basal cell is not at all produced ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins diverge at their tips, while the second and third converge. In Ceroxys the auxiliary runs beside the fiivst longitudinal vein
DIPTEKA— ORTALID.K.
541
for soino distance and then suddenly curves, almost bonds upward. In liitliortalis the se))aration is gradual and not abrupt, in Ceroxya the small transverse vein lies below or outside the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; in Lithortalis it lies within it. In the pattern of the markings also it ditters from Ooroxys in that there are no spots whatever before the larger trans- irse vein, excepting that the stigma, or the space l}'ing between the auxil-
V(
iary and first longitudinal veins, is testaceous.
LlTHORTiVLLS PICTA.
ri. 3, Figs. 10, 1«>. Lilhortalii picia Sciidd., Rop. Progr. Oeol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 277 (1877).
The thorax, part of the abdomen, and both wings of theaingle specimen preserved show the upper surface of the body with expanded wings. The abdomen is without markings. The wings are very well preserved, the apex slightl}' angulated between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the costa nearly straight on its basal half, strongly convex beyond ; the stigma occupies the entire space between the auxiliai-y and first longitudinal veins and is dark castaneous, deepening toward the costa to blackish fus- cous ; the costal vein is blacki.sh fuscous ; the other veins are luteo-testa- ceous, deepening to blackish fuliginous next or in the spots ; the otlier spots are dark fuliginous, deepening toward the veins or the margin, and consist of a narrow belt following the larger transverse vein and of confluent spots at the tips of the second, third, and fourth longitudinal veins, forming a nar- row marginal belt from just below the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein to half-way between the tips of the first and third longitudinal veins, broad- ening slightly at the extremities of the veins in rapidly narrowing shoots, which follow the veins a short distance.
Length of thorax and fragment of abdomen, 3""'" ; breadth of thorax, 1.25"""; breadth of abdomen, 1.5""'; length of wing, 5"""" ; breadth of same, l.TS""*.
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 5 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
542
TKIiTIARY INSKCT8 OF NOUTH AMKUIOA.
Family SCIOMYZID>G Fallen. SCIOMYZA Fall(5n.
!j SCIOMYZA RKVELATA.
Fl. 3, Tigs. 3-6,
Soiomytn lereMo Sciidd., Kop. Pro(;r. (lool. (Surv. Can., l87M87ri, 'iTS-aTli (1877); IS7t>-llH77, Vif-
459(1878).
Throe spociiuoiis uro to \)v. roferred to this species. Althoufyh ouch of them is nither iiupeiiect, tiie collocjitioii of liie fniyiueiits eiiiil)le8 us to recon- struct all parts of the wing'. 'IMie head was ai)out one-fifth the size of the thorax ; the thorax broadly vaulted, abruptly arched in front, somewhat depressed above ; the wings were a little more than twice as lonj? as broad with the costal border gently arched, the apex slightl} angulated and the lower margin pretty regularly convex, bent but rounded at the axillary angle; the membrane and the castaneous veins as well are covered not very |)rofusely with delicate microscopic! hairs, distributed with great regularity and about 0.02°"" apart; the costal vein is setose throughout the upper margin, and extends to the fourth longitudinal vein, although it is but faint at the extreme tip or on the lower third of the space between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the auxiliary vein is weak, but distinctly separated from the first longitudinal vein from its very base, terminating at the middle of the basal half of the costa; the transverse shoulder vein is exactly transverse, very faint, and lies a little l)eyond the l)a8e of the basal cells; the first longitudinal vein is bare save the pubescence, and apparently terminates just within the small transverse vein ; the latter lies as far before as the large transverse vein lies beyond the middle of the wing and is mid- way between the basal cells and the large transverse vein ; the second and third longitudinal veins are nearly straight, slightly sinuous and subparallel throughout, but at their tips diverge from each other; the third longitudinal vein is regularly though but slightly arched beyond the small transverse vein, and strikes the very apex of the wing; the fourth longitudinal vein is made up of three perfectly straight subequal parts, slightly bent at the transverse veins ; the larger transverse vein is straight, nearl>- perpendic- ular to the costa; it is about half the length of the middle portion of the fourth longitudinal vein, and its lower extremity is nearer the margin of the wing (following the course' of the fifth longitudinal vein) than its own
^0
t
i
UIPTKUA— HCIOMY/ID.IC.
54:5
1
t
longtii; tlio lit'tli loiig'itudinal vein i« lost just botbro rcucliing tlio margin and tho sixth runs half-way to it; the secoiid and third longitudinal veins Heparate just over the oxlreniitios of the small basal cells, and originate from a transverse vein which unites the first and fourth longitudinal veins before the middle of the basal cells.
Length of the wing, 4.5'""' ; breadth, 2'""'.
Quesnel, British Columbia. Throe spocimens, Noa. 2, 42, 43 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
StIOMYXA? MANCA. PI. 4, Fig. 9; PI. », Figs. 1-0, 15, Hi, 18, 20, 23, 24, 28, 29.
SMomu^a* manca Scudd., Bull. II. 8. Ueol. Googr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 766-7.58 (1878).
This fly, extremely abundant in the Green Uiver shales — in fact out- numbering all the other Diptera together— is temporarily placed in this genus, because its characters seem to agree better with those of the family Sciomyzidaj than of any other ; yet it can not pro|)erly be placed in any of the genera known to me. I should be inclined to place it near Blepharop- tera in the Helomyzidse, but all the tibia', are bristled throughout. Its gen- eral appearance is that <»f the Ephydrinidic, but the bristly surface of the middle tibia? would allow us to place it only in the Notiphilina, from which it is excluded by the want of pectinations on the upper side of the ant(^nnal bristle. The want of complete neuration prevents me from designating it at present by a new generic name, which it can hardly fail to require as soon as that is known ; only two or three of the three-score specimens before me have any important part of the wings, and this constant frag- mentary condition of the fossils has suggested the specific name. The genus in which it would fall maybe partially characterized as follows: Body compact, stout ; the head comparatively small, perhaps one-third the bulk of the thorax, about three-fourths its width, with large, naked eyes, the front between them nearly equal and pretty broad, obliquely sloped, and slightly tumid on a side view, so as to project considerably below ; a few curved bristles project from its summit. Antenna* with the flagellum subglobose, scarcely longer than broad, much larger than the joints of the scape, and above bearing at its tip a curved, rather short, naked, tapering style, scarcely longer than the flagellum proper and bluntly pointed ; in several specimens in which this part is pretty well preserved this is invti-
544
THRTIAKV 1N8K0T8 OF NOUTII AMERKJA.
riably its cliuractor, and no tcnniual lliroatl can bo Hoen in any of thoui, nor any 'ndication of joints in tlio styln ; this l)r(n'ity of tho style soeniM to bo peculiar. Ah far as the neuration of the wing can bo made out (thoro must remain sonio doubt upon this point until bettor oxaniplos nro discov- orod) the course of tho auxiliary yc.lu can not Im dotorniiiiod : th<» first loufi^itudinal vein appciirs to end before the middle of tlic costnl bordca* : the second orij^inates abruptly from the middle of the lirst loiij^itiulinal vein, and terminates (certainly) only a little way before the tip of tim winj;- ; the third runs very nearly parallel to the second longitudinal \ein, ternii- luites a* the tip of the wing, and is perhaps connected by a i^ross-vein with the fourth longitudinal vein scarcely within the extremity of the lirst longi- tudinal vein ; the fourth longitudinal vein originates from the lifth or sixtJi a little before the origin of tint second longitudinal vin, diverges rapidly from the third beyond this coiniection, and is arcuate, cui-iny upward again before reaching the posterior border and nnniing outward io the outer border; the fifth longitudinal vein curves still more strongly from the fourth, until it reaches the middle of the posterior b(trder, to which it suddenly drops, and scarcely above which it is united witii the fourth longitudinal vein by a long, obli<iue cross-vein. 'J'he femora are stout, the front pair largest at the base and tapering, the othei' jiairs subetjiuil throughout, all armed externally above and below with a row of very deli- cate, nearly straight spines, the upper row perhaps wanting on the middle femora, and the lower row developing into longer aiul stiffer bristles on the apical half of the fore femora. The tibite are equal, a little longer than the femora, considerably slenderer but still rather stout, furnished alike with several straight, longitudinal rows of minute spines, and on the t)Uter side with three or four distant, moderately stout, longer spines (less i)rominent on the fore tibial than on the other legs), aiul at the tip with a cluster or several similar spines or si)urs. The tarsi are very much slenderer than the til)iu', longer than they, the other joints slenderer than the metatarsus, all profusely armed with exceedingly delicate spines or spinous hairs, arranged regularly in longitudinal rows ; at tip is a pair of very slender, pretty long, strongly curved claws, and apparently a prett}- large pulvillus. The brevity of the antennal style, the length of the first longitudinal vein of the wing, the approximation of the middle transverse vein to the base, the strong arcuation of the fourth longitudinal voin, the obliquity of
^4F
DIPTEUA— SOrOMYZIDyE.
545
the posterior, larjfo, trnnsvorHo voin, niid itH upproncli to the poHtorior mar;,'iii, the bristly nature of tlio logs, and the length and comparative hIoh- (UtrnoHH of the tarsi — all, excojjting parts of the nciiration, characters open to littU" (picstion — render tiiis fly peculiar and its exact location soniewhat dnl)ions. WIkmi, however, the nenration of the wing is sutticiently well known to enable us to nnd(>rstand more fletinitely tluu-liaracter of tiie basal cells and other parts of tiie base of the wing, the relation of the auxiliary to the first longitudinal vein, and to map nncpiestionaldy the whole course of the fourth longitiuliinil vein, we shall prol)ably be al)le to arrive at very precise coiudusions.
In addition to the features above mentioned, it may \u' added that the thorax is subquiidiate, scarcely longer than broad, furnished with distant, long, curving bristles disposed in rows, but in no individual well enough preserved to give fiu'tiufr details of distribution. The abdomen is composed of five visible, sul)e(pud joints; its mass compact, scarcely constricted at the base, regidarly and pretty strongly arched on a side view, tapering rapidly on the apical half to a blu*itly rounded apex, the surface abun- dantly clothed with rather delicate spinous hairs, those at the posterior edge of the fiegmenfs longer, and forming a regular transverse row. The meta- tarsus of the middle leg is proportionally longer than in the others, where it is about half as long as the other joints combined
Measurement of average individuals: Length of body as curved, 4.25"""; of head, 0.(55"""; of thorax, 1.7"'"': of abdomen, 2.2"""; breadth of head, 0.85"""; of thorax, 1 25"""; of abdomen, 1.4""'; length of flagellum of antennai, 0.16'""'; of style, 0.11)'""'; of wing, 3.4'""'.*; breadth of same, 1.2"'™; length of femora, 0.75'"'"; of tibia?, 0.95^'"'; of fore tarsi, 0.85"""; of middle tarsi, 1.5'"'"; of hind tarsi, 1.6"""; of fore metatarsi, 0.4™"'; of middle metatarsi, 0.61'""'; of hind metatarsi, 0.48'"'"; breadth of femora, 0.28'"'"; of tibijc, 0.12"""; of metatarsus, 0.08"'"'; of tip of tarsi, 0.05™™; length of claws, 0.09'"'".
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens, collected by Mr. F. C. A. Richardson, Dr. A. 8. Packard, Prof. L. A. Lee, Messrs. F. 0. Bowditch, and S. H. Scudder. Station 16 on the White River in western Colorado (Dr. C. A. White)
VOL XIII .'55
i
r)46 TERTIAUY INSHCTS OV NORTH AMERICA.
SciOMYZA? DISJECTA. PI. 9, Figs. 7, 22, 25, 30, 32, 33. Sciomyiat dUjecla Sondd., Bull. V. 8. Geol. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 75ri (1878).
A second species, apparently of the same genus n* the hist mentioned, but smaller, is found in considerable numbers in the same Green River beds, although in far less abundance than the last. The wings appear to be proprr- tionally shorter than in the last species, wit!i a rather broader space between the veins in the upper half of the wing, indicating j)erhaps a broader wing. The legs are slenderer, the disparity in the stoutness of the tibia? and tarsi is not so great, and the tarsi are proportionally shorter ; the legs are also as densely, though less coarsely, spined, and a similar delicacy is (»b8ervable in the hairiness of the body. All the specimens are preserved on a side view, and like the last species are in a fragmentary condition.
i^ength of body of an average individual 3.2"""; of head, O.SS™" ; of thorax, 1.2""", of abdomen, 1.8"'"'; of wing, 2.4"'"' ! ; of hind femora, 1.2"'"* ; of hind tibia;, 1.4"'"' ; of middle and hind tarsi, 1"""'.
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens by the same as the last species.
Sciomyza! sp. PI. 10, Fig. 5.
Another species of Sciomyza, or perhaps of the same genus as the last- mentioned species (for several of its features are certainly repeated here), seems to be represented by tlie insect figured in PI. 10, Fig. 5, which is of about the size of S. manca, but is more delicate. It is however so imper- fect as far as the head and wings ai'e concerned that one can not characterize it satisfactorily without better material.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 18 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
t
I
1
V
DIPTEUA— UELOMYZID.E. 547
Family HELOMYZID^G \A/'estwood. HETEROMYZA Ftilldn.
(j) HETEiiOMYZA SENILIS.
PL 3, Figs. 1, 2. Ueteiomyza lenilii Soudd., Sep. Progr. Gool. Surv. Cnii., 187.'')-187(!, aT.'i (1877).
In this case wo liave but a fragment of one \v\n<^, but one which exhibits most of the peculiarities of neuration, and, so far as it goes, very well pro- served. The wing is slightly discolored, hnt was apparently hyaline in life, covered rather profusely with exceedingly delicate microscopic hairs which cover veins as well as membrane ; the veins, excepting the costal, are testa- ceous ; the costal vein is blackish fuscous, covered w'th short bristles, and extends beyond the third longitudinal vein, where the wing is broken ; tlie auxiliary vein strikes the costa at about the end of the lirst (puirter, and the nearly straight first longitudinal vein bef(n-e the middle of the wing ; this latter vein is bare or oidy feebly pubescent ; the sligiitly sinuous, toward the extremity slightly upturned, second longitudinal vein divides about equally the space i)etween the costa and the third longitudinal vein ; ti'.e lattor is almost atraigiit, scarcely bending to receive the small transverse vein at about the end of its basal third, and terminates at the broadly rouudetl tip of the wing; the small transverse vein lies just before the tip of the first longitudinal vein; the fourth longitudinal vein is nearly straight, only bent next the transverse veins : before the small transverse vi^iw it is parallel and rather closely a})proximated to the third longitudinal vein ; beyond, it diverges slightly and regularly ft'om it, and beyond the large transverse vein again becomes parallel to it ; only the basal portions of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins are present, and the extreme base of the wing is lost; but the basal cells are evidently small, and their extremities lie just beneath the union of the second and third longitudinal veins; the wing is broad, ovate, and well rounded ; the costa pretty strongly arched.
Length of fragment, 4""" ; probable length of wing, 4.5 ' ; probable
breadth of same, 2""".
Quesnel, British (Jolumbia. One specimen, No. I (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). • '
I
HHHHHIimi^
548
TEIITIABY INSECTS OP NOUTU AMERICA.
Heteromyz.v dktecta.
PI. 5, Fife. 70. i...erom!iza AeUcta Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Geosr. Siirv. IVrr., HI, T.")8-759 (1877).
A siiijrlo .specimen ami a very j)oor reverse of it, occur on tlie sane stone with Hpiladoniyia simplex. Both wings and the thorax are preserved, witli sliort fragments of moderately stout iiairy legs. The venation is obscure, and the species referred provisionally to Heteroinyza until better specimens decide more certainly to which of the groups of Muscid;c it belongs. So far as it can be determined the venation is very similai- to that of the pre- ceding species, but the wing is nnu-h .'-mailer, and there is a peculiarity about it which is not quite clear: at the beiul of the costa, indiciting the tn-mi na- tion of the auxiliary vein, there is a short, distinct, obliipie cross-vein nearly in continuation of the base of the costa, but bent slightly downward, which reaches the first longitudinal vein ; the latter runs close to the costa and strikes it about midway between the tip of tlu auxiliary vein and the tip of the wing ; the costa apparently runs exactly to the tip of the .second longi- tudinal vein ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins run parallel to each other to a very little way beyond the extremity of the auxiliary vein, where they are united by a shoit cross-vein, beyond which they both diverge from each other in opposing curves, equally turned aside from their former course; the third longitndinal vein runs to the tip of the wing ; the fourth is united half-way to the border of the wing by a long oblique cross-vein, running at right angles to the fifth longitudinal vein. The extremity of the basal cells apparently lies about half-way from the base of the wing to the tip of the auxiliary vein, but this point is very obscure.
Length of wing, 1.6.=)"""; breadth of same, ().!J.5"""; length of thorax, O.Tr)"""; breadth of same, O.;")')""'.
Cliagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton),
Family ANTHOMYIDyE Robineau-Desvoidy.
ANTHOMYIA Meigen.
^ Anthomyia. inanimata. PI. 3, Fig. 19. Anthomijia iiinni- .*'. ■'"'"d., Reji. Progr. Oeol. Siirv. Can., 187,>-1876, 273-274 (1877').
This specie;:-. 1,, ;■!. rty well represented by a single individual and its reverse, siiov/ing thu . .perior view of the insect with the wings (excepting
t
.^,. . ".<,->^.vi....v'»>i's^**-s^it^:wws«vssv?ffiSISSS'ffll
VAM.tu)^UUb£i»S.aVUK
wm
T
+
DIPTEKA— ANTHOMYID.15.
549
the extreme base), most of the abdomen, and parts of the liead, tliorax, and lows. The winj^s are rather narrow and regidarly ronnded ; the bristly costal vein extends to the tip of the fourth lon<ritiidinal vein ; the first longi- tudinal vein terminates before the middle of the costal border, just above the small transverse vein ; the auxiliary vein is distinct throughout and remains in close contiguity with the first longitudinal vein, curving first downward and then upward, and diverging from it only near the tip, and then but little, being separated from it at its tip by scarcely more than the thickness of the costal vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is slightly oblique ; the t:itrd longitudinal vein strikes the tip of the wing, and tlie second divides i,iie space between this and the costa, ruiming for the greater part of its length parallel to the latter, turning slightly upward at the tip ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are pretty closely approximated, and parallel as far as the transverse vein in the middle of the wing ; from this to the large transverse vein they diverge gently, and are again parallel beyond ; the small transverse vein is placed a very little before th middle of the wing; the large transverse vein is straight, nearly perpendicular to the costa, its lower exti-eniity distant from the mai'giu by about half its own length, its upper extremity dividing, just before the middle, the part of the fourth longitudinal vein lying beyond the transverse vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein vanishes just before reaching the border; the two small basai cells are nearly equal in size, in length about midway between the lengths of the two transverse veins. The wing is covered pretty abundantly, veins and membrane, with delicate microscopic hairs, and appears to l>e uniforndv hyaline, though a little fuscous on the stone. The specimen appears to be a male, and the tegula are distinctly marked, leaving no doubt that it belongs to this group of Muscidie.
Probable length of body, 6'"'" ; length of wing, 6.2"""; breadth of same, 2.-i5™'"; length of hind tibia, 1.45""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 30 and 32 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
Anthomyia burgessi.
PI. 3, Fig. 34.
Anthomyia biirgesiii 8cudd.,Rep. Progr. Gool. Surv. Can., 1875-187C, 274-27.'i (1877).
The single specimen of this species shows an upper view of the whole body in a somewhat fragmentar}- condition. The broad and rounded
550
TIOUTIAIIY INSKOTS OK NORTH AMliUIUA.
iil)(l«ineii iiKliciitc's- tliat it is ii female. The wings are uniformly faint fuliginous, but |)robal)ly Inaline in life, covered with microscopic hairs over both membrane aiul veins ; tliey are short and broad and well rounded; the veins in the upper half of the wing are rather darker than those in the lower; the costal vein is bristly aiul extends to the tip of the fourth longi- tudiiii'l vein ; the stout first longitudinal vein strikes the costal at the middle of the front margin ; the auxiliary vein appears to be confluent with the first longitudinal vein l.'alf-way from the base of the wing to the tip of the former; then, rapidly curving forward, diverges from it, and at its tip is as dis^^ant from the first K "gltudinal vein as the second longitudinal is from tlie third above ine short transverse vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is slightly curved and a little oblique and lies directly above the base of the small basal cells ; the direction and relation of ihe longitudinal veins is the same as in A. inanimata, but the small transverse vein lies slightly lieyond the middle of the wing, so that the divergence or parallelism of rhe veins is more marked than there ; the large transverse vein is bent slightly inward in the middle, and its general direction is about midway between j)erpen- dicular to the costa and parallel to the neighboring border; its lower extremity is but half as far from the margin of the wiiig as its own length ; its ui)per divides, a little before the middle, the portion of the fourth longi- tudinal vein which lies beyond the small transverse vein, but instead of being only iialf as long as the portion of the fourth longitudinal vein lying between tlu^ two transverse veins, as in A. inanimata, it is very nearly as long ; the fiftii longitudinal vein just fails of reaching the border, while the sixth onl)- runs about two-thirds the distance to the border ; the basal cells are moderately large, much as in the preceding s{)ecies. On one side there are apparently remains of tegula?, showing that the insect should be referred to this group of Muscida'. The apical third of the hind tibia is fur- nished abundantly with not very long hairs, while the remainder of the tibia is bare.
r.ength of body, 4.75"'"'; length of wing, 4.75"'"'; breadth of same, 2"""; length <.f hind tibia-, 1.15"""; length of hind tarsi, 1.25'""'.
Named for my friend Mr. Edward Burg'efs, whose critical knowledge of Diptera, before he turned his attention e\»iusively to naval architecture; was of the greatest service to me.
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 29 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of (,'anada).
DIPTBRA— MUSCID^. 551
Family MUSCIDyE Leach. MUSCA Linnd.
Under this liead I have temporarily jjlaced five species of dipterous larv.X' which appear to belong to this family.
Nearly all of them, however, and especially Musca ascarides, so closely r(!semble the larvjB of bot-flies that I could scarcely persuade myself that tiiey did not belong to the (Estridjt. The appendages of the skin, how- ever, are much more delicate than is usual in (Estrida;, and are unifoimly distributed over the surface or are altogether absent. The empty skins, too, have every appearance of belonging to the same insects as the com- plete bodies, and, although these are not cast skins (in which case they would be proved natural inhabitants of the water), for they still contain the harder parts of the internal organs in many cases, but rather remains of partially decomposed larvaj, it would seem improbable that so large a number of oestrid larv.-e could l)e found, when the only way in which they coidd have readied their present condition would be through the droppings of animals atfected by tiie hots standing in the water. Of course the refer- ence I have given them is only provisional.
Musca ascarides.
PI. 5, Figs. 74, 75, 79, 82-87, 98, 101. Musca aacaritUs Scmia., Bull. \1. S. Geol. Geo<;r. Siirv. Terr., Ill, T.'if)--.-)? (1677).
First there is a species to which a considerable number of specimens belong, which may take the name here given. Some of ihe specimens are complete; others consist of emptied skins only. When contracted the l)ody is tiiick, especially on tiie anterior half, and about twice as long as broad, closely resembling the larva of a bot-fly. Both extremities are rounded, the anterior very broadly, while the posterior half tapers very reg- ularly. In one specimen, which is not so much shrunken, the body is fusiform, and about three and a half times longer than broad, the head and hinder extremity tapering in a nearly equal degree. In the emptied skins, as in the others, it may be seen that the normal form is a blunt, .squarely rounded head, behind which the !)ody is nearly equal, and then tapers toward the tail. At the anterior extremity may be nearly always seen a portion of the mandibles, consisting of a pair of very slender rods or
552
TKltTIAItY INSUOTS OF NORTH AMKItlCA.
blades (;oiiver<riiig- aiitcM-iorly and teriiuiiatin<r in two attingeiit rounded lobes attached to the inner edge of the blades 'Die anterioi- spiracles are seen in a single specimen as a simple, rounded, dark spot just outside the middle of either lateral hal'f ; the two lateral traehetal vessels may be seen in nearly all the specimens, and especially at the hinder extremity, and fragments of them are freipiently scattered about on the stones ; they are very large. The integument is generalh' rather dark and more or less blotched, and covered profusely and almost uniformly w'th backward- directed hairs ; these are short, tapering, and moderately stout, though minute.
Length of contracted bodies, 11.5"""; breadth of same, (I.^f)""" ; length of bodies not contracted, 17.5"'™; breadth of same, 5.75"'"'; length of skins, 25'"'" ; breadth of same, 7.25'"'" ; length of blades of mandibles, i5.25'"'" ; diameter of tracheie, O.G'"'" ; of anterior spiracles, 0.4'""' ; distance of latter apart, 2.75'""'.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Several specimens (W. Den- ton).
MUSCA BIBOSA. PI. 5, Fig. 7.}. Musea hibosa Sciuld... BulL CT. S. (tbkI. (iengr. Surv. Torr., 111,137 (l?/7).
Another ft|^>e!'i,,s is reiiresenatxl by a sin^te bo«4y jiiwi one skin and its re'^erse, wliich seem to belong to the satoie. It i«-<«!i»Hehr affied to S. H>wm^ riAssi, but dinars from it ia sotnt- essential iatirttn-f^. Wbai contracted the bocv does not tauer reguiarly 1m)ai the middle of tiie fr t • alf to :he tail. l)ur tiie whoie hinder iialf is inniiui slenderer than rh<- fnth uid toward tlu' tip lias near*v puniilel sides, i*' that the body is tiask siiaped and aljout twice i.s loutr a» *)i(»a(i. A in diough not so abrupt, change of contour
i» seen in tlu* *ikin. Tin 'i the uiundiblea and of the tracheio, may
■sHBen to Wijie^same as in tie- (■■■£mp species, but the integument is iHked, beiuL i\ lit'stn tfioiy of tlie hairs which roughen the skin
»r M. ascarickrh.
Length -vf «-«>Mtracted XwAs', \4*"": breadth of same in front, 7.5'"°'; beliind, ;5.75'"": ifiigth of skin (a small one), ll!'"'"; greatest breadth of same, 5.25'""' ; length of mandible blade, 2.75'"'" ; diameter of traclma', 0,7.)
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Two 8pecimens(W. Denton).
I
H
DIPTEBA-M'jSCID.E.
553
1
I
Muse A sp.
PI. 5, Figs. 106, 108. Musca sp. Sciida., Bull. II. S. Gcol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 757 (1877).
A third species is represented by three or four contracted skins, which are too uncharacteristic to name, though it may be seen that they are distinct from the others. As preserved thoy are ahnost bhick ; the skin is much wrinkled and smooth ; the body pretty regularly and bluntly obovate, nearly twice as long as broad ; at the end of one, two colorless oval patches lie united, side by side, pressed against the extremity, and doubtless represent the head, and prove it to be different from the other species ; it is, however, impossible to say what its affinities may bo
Length of body, 8..'}"'" ; breadth, 4'""'.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. (W. Denton).
MUSCA HYDBOPICA.
PI. 5, Figs. 72, 92, 93, 107.
Muioa hydropica SmM., Bull. U. .S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 7'y7-7iiS (1877).
A fourth species is represented by two bodies and a skin, which present an entirely different appearance from the preceding three spe< ies, but whidi may temporarily be given the same broad generic name. In this species the form, even when contracted, is far nmio elongated than in the otiiers; the body is nearly five times as long as broad, is bi-oadest just behind the roundly pointed head, tapers rapidly toward it, but gently posteriorly to the middle, behind which it is ecpial. In the skin the ])art of the body prewirved is equal and very broad, excepting toward the head, where it rapidly niirrow.s, the head being well rounded or slijrhtly proihuwl ; the mouth parts, instead of being withdrawn a little from rlie fr«iit extremity of the !)i. ly, as in tlic Species alicnuly described, )i(! at its very boundary, and the bkdes are par- allel instead of posteriorly divergent. Tlie inte^'umont is covered rather profusely with very short, conical, tapering hairs, scarcely mare than twice as long as their breadth at base. The larva is very di«tinctly banded with darker and lighter colors, as the empty t»kin shows, the posterior tliird of each segment being occupied by a very dark band, darken* on the dorsal surface, while a ftiint pale transverse line breaks the anterior portion into two cfpial halves of the same width as tlie blackish band.
,^iigfe«8iM8
MNHiMfaMMMIMaHiiai
554
TERTIARY INSKCTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Loiijfth of body, 2;5""" ; j^reatest !)rea(ltli of same, ft""" ; breadth pos- teriorly, 3""" ; breadth of skin, 9.r)""" ; length of segments on same, 4""" ; length of mandible blades, 3.5""".
Chagrin Valley, White Hiver, Colorado. Tlu'ee specimens (W. Denton).
MUSCA VINCULATA.
PI. 5, Fig. 77.
ilimea rinciilata Sciidd., null. IT. .S. Oeol. Googr. Snrv. Torr., Ill, 7r>8 (1877).
There is still another species allied to the last mentioned which may bear the name here proposed. It is represented oidy by parts of emptied skins, all lying on the same stone, and which differ from the preceding species in being absolutely devoid of any hairs and in having different and much fainter markings. The general color of the best preserved specimen is a pale brown, and the markings are scarcely darker transverse bands, narrowing on the sides, but occupying nearly the entire length of a segment dorsnlly, and broken into equal parts by two transverse rows of very faint and minute pale dots. No specimen is sufficiently perfect to show the shape or th<f leiigMi, but tiio shape appears to be similar to that of M. hydropicii, iijjd the insect i/iiich smaller than it, for the breadth is 4.5'""', and the lengtii H^ one segment, 2'"'".
Chiigfi/i Valley, White River, Colorado. Several snedmenn (W. Denton).
MuscA spp. PI. r,, Figs. 80, 81, 99, 100,
A wholly different form of larva i« represented in PI. 5, Figs. 80, 81, athd on on(? of the stones are found the moutli parts of another, PI. 5, Figs. 99, 100, wbk'li are quite different from those of Musea ascarides.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton).
Family TACHINID^ Loew.
TACHINA Meigen.
Tachina sp.
Tachina sp. Seiidd., null. V. S. Gcol. Geour. Surv. Terr., TV, 7.16 (1878).
To this genus is referred provisionally a small but stout and densely Iiairy i\y, with thick, slightly tajx-ring abdomen, broadK rounded at the tip,
T
DIPTEKA— (!t)N()l'II).1<}.
555
long \ving8 with lieavily ciliiitod c.ostjil iiiiir;,'-iii, t.lio auxiliary vein terminat- ing just before the middle, and tlio first longitudinal vein not very far before the tip ; the other veins of the wing can not be determined. The legs are pretty stout and densely haired. About the lly are scattered many arcuate, tapering, spinous hairs 0.7""" long, evidently tlu* clothing of the thora,\.
Length of body, 4'""' ; breadth of thorax, 1.2;")"'"' ; length of wings, 4"'"'(f); of hind femora, 0.6"'"' ; hind tibijc, l.-if)"""; hind tar.si, 1.25""" (?)•
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 48"' (F. C. A. Richardson).
Family PLATYPEZID^E Loew. CALLOMYIA Meigen.
CaLLOMYIA TOliPOKATA. PI. 9, Fig. 11.
A single specimen is preserved showing a dorsal view of the body but with no distinct appyndages excepting one wing which is imperfectly figured on the plate. Tiie thorax is broad oval, and the abdomen oval, as long as the head and thorax together, narrower r^iau the thorax, tapering from in front of the middle backward, and rounded at the tip. The wing is as long as the thorax and abdomen together. The third longitudinal vein terminates at the tip of the wing, the iirst in the ir.iddle of the outer half of the wing, and the second midway between them ; the basal cells are about one-third the length of the wing (indicated in the plate by the angle in the fifth longitudinal vein), and the oblicpie posterior transverse vein is situated at its upper extremity, about midway between the middle basal cell and the apex of the wing. The exact length of the lower basal cell can not be determined.
Length of body, 3"""; of wing, 2.7"""; brcnultli <A' same, 1.1""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 71 (Prof Leslie A. Lee).
Family CONOPID.C Leach. POLIOMYIA Scudder (TroXn'?, ^vla).
roHomyia SciuM., Hull. 11. S. Goid. (Joojjr. Surv. TiTr., IV, 7.->l-755 (1878).
This genus of Conopidie, most nearly allied to Myopa, appears in the neuration of the wings to reseml)le closely some genera of Syrphidic, espe- cially Xylota and Milesia, but it altogether lacks the spurious longitudinal
^a^iii^SBSKHI
550
TEUriABV INSKCr.S Ol'' NOKTU AMEUICA.
vein, 1111(1 tlio third, fourth, mid fifth h)n;^itudiiml voiiia are not united at tht'ii' oxtroinitios by iniii'<^iiiiil vtMiis; indeod, thuy niii \vitht)Ut swerving and sul)|)iiriilh!l to (tiio jinothor t(t the iniirj^ln. In this respect th(^ <^eiiiis dilVcrs iilso fnnii otlier (Jonopiche, iis it «U>es iilso in tiie extreme length of the tliird basal cell, wiiidi is as long as in Syrphidie. In these points of neiiratioii it would seem to agree better witii the Pipuiiculidic, wiiicli family, however, is entirely composed of very small flies, so that it seems better witli our imperfect knowledge of the fossil to refer it to the Conopidie. The l)od\ resomldes that of Syrphtis in general f(»rm The wings are as long as the b(j(ly and slender, witii very straight veins; the auxiliary and tirst to fourth longitudinal veins are almost perfectly straight, the third originating from the second longitudinal vein at some distance before the middle of the wing; the auxiliary vein terminates Ijeyond the middle of the costal margin; directly beueatii its extremity is the small transverse vein, aiul about mid- way between the latter and the margin the large transverse vein uniting tlu; fourth and fifth veins; the extremity of the second basal cell is farther from the base tiian tiie origin of the third longitudinal vein, and the third basal cell reaches very acutely almost to the margin of the wing.
POLIOMYIA RECTA.
PI. 9, Figs. 19, ai.
Poliomyia reeta .Soiidd., Hull. U. S. lieol. Uoogr. Siirv. Turr., IV, 75r>(187B); in Zittel, Hundb. d.
PaluBout., I, ii, 807, Kig. IWa (IHSfi).
The single specimen referable to this species was obtained at the "Petrified Fish Cut," and re{)resents a dorsal view of the insect with the wings i)artly overlapping on the back. It is the smaller fly referred to in J)r. Ilayden's Sun Pictures of llocky Mountain Scenery, page 98. "^Phe head is broken ; the thorax is stout, rounded ovate, and l)lackish ; the scutelluin large, semi-lunar, and nearly twice as broad as long, with long black bristles along either lateral edge and along the sides of the thorax posteriorly. The wings are long and narrow ; the auxiliary vein runs into the margin just beyond the middle of the wing; the first longitudinal vein runs into the margin at about two-thirds the distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein to that of the second longitudinal vein, and scarcely turns upward even at the tij) ; the straight second and third longitudinal veins diverge from each other at the extreme tip after running almost parallel
■■
DIPTBRA— SYUPEID.I':.
557
tliroughont t\w louj^tli of tlio latter, w'tidi originates from the second soino (listiincii betoro the middle of the win|; ; the small transverse vein between tlie third and fourth longitadinal veins lies just beyond the middle of the wing and perijendicular to the costal l)order, while the largo transverse vein between the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins . . perpendicular to the latter and renders the discal and second posterior colls of about ecpial length. The abdomen is apparently lighter colored than the thorax, ngularly obovate, as broad as the thoi ix, and longer than it^ its terminal (fifth) seg- ment small, the others large and 8ul)e«iual.
Length of thorax and scntellum, 4"""; breadth of same, 2 7.5"""; Icngtli of abdomen, 4.5"""; breadth of same, 2.76"""; length of wing, (i.f)"-"'; breadth of same, 2.25""'.
I am indebted to Mr. Edward Burgess for some critical remarks upon the affinities of thi.s ily, and for a careful sketch of the neuration, which is very difficult to trace in certain places.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 1469U (Dr. F. V. llayden).
Family SYRPHID^C Leach. MILESIA Latreille.
MlLESlA yUAURATA. PI. 9, Fig. 13.
Milema qwlrata Somld., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geojjr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 75'i-7.-)3 (1878) ; Willist. Syn. N. A.
Syrph, iWl, ««» (1886).
A specimen in a fine state of preservation, although not perfect, and with mo<* of the neuration of the wing concealed under hard flakes of stone which can not ba wlioUy removed, was found by Dr. ILiyden at the "Pet- rified Fish Cut," Green River. It is the larger fly alluded to in Dr. Hayden's Sun Pictures of Rocky Mountain Scenery, page 98. The head and thorax are black, the head large, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes larire, srlobose, as broad as the summit of the head between them, the front very large, prominent, half as broad as the head, and half as long as broad. Thorax globose, a little longer than bro,i,d, largest in the middle. Wings surpassii.g slightly the abdomen; the third longitudinal vein originates from the ^econd in the middle of the wing, is very gently arcuate (the convexity backward) in its outer half, and appears to terminate just above
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558
TEKTIAUY INSECTS OF N014TH AMEBIGA.
the tip of the wing; the fourth longitudinal vein is united by an oblique cross-vein to tlie third very near the origin of the latter, and the spurious longitudinal vein can not be made out, from poor preservation ; the mar- ginal vein between these two appears to be very simple, the fourth longi- tudinal vein bending downward at its tip to meet it. The abdomen is as broad as the thorax, ful'y as long as the rest of the body, broad ovate, tapering slightly at the base and rapidly beyond the middle, broadest at the second segment ; the first segment is longest and half as long as broad, the second and third slightly shorter, the fourth still shorter, and the fifth minute; the abdomen is light-colored, probably yellow in life, and the first three segments are rather narrowly margined posteriorly with black; the fii-st segment is also similarly margined in front, and besides has a median black stripe of similar widtii, which divides the segments into equal lateral quadrate halves, whence the specific; name; the whole abdomen is rather j)rofu8ely covered witii very brief, black, microscopic hairs, which are thickest in the black bands bordering the segments, and next the hind edge of the fourtii and fifth segments, producing a dusky posterior margin, sim- ilar to but narrower than the dark belts of the preceding segments, and of course very inconspicuouti.
Length of body, 18"""; of head, 2.85"'"'; of thorax, 5.65"""; of abdo- men, 9.5"'"' ; breadth of front, 2.4'""' ; of head, 4.5"'"" ; of thorax, 6""° ; of abdomen, 6"""; probable length of wing, 14 5™"'; length of hairs on abdo- men, 0.04'""' ; width of dark abdominal bands, O.S""™.
Dr. Williston thinks it can not be a Milesia, but that its affinities are rather with Syrphus.
Green River, Wyonnng. One specimen. No. 14691 (Dr. F. V. Hayden).
ERISTALIS LatreiUe. Eristalis lapideus.
PI. 5, Figs. 48 49.
Erittalis Zapidfus Soiidd., Bull. I'. S. Geoi. Goo^jr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 756 (ldT7); Willist., 8yn. N. A.
S.vri>li.,y81, 2-^3 (1886).
A poorly preserved specimen, sliowing little that is characteristic, but which belongs lear Kristalis or Helophilus. The body is preserved on a dorsal aspect, with wings partially expanded ; the head is nearly wanting, the thorax without markings. The wings are distinct only on the basal
I)IPTEi4A— SYRPHIIvE.
559
half, and oven liere show no neuration at all beyond the general course of the principal veins at the very base; the alulai, however, are very distinct, very large, their breadth (along the wing) fully equal to half the breadtii of the thorax, dark, with obliquely transverse dark ridges, indicating that they were wrinkled in nature, much as in Voliicella or (Estrus. Abdomen long, broadest in the middle of the basal half, beyond tapei .'ng considerably, the tip roundly pointed; apiv^al half of basal joint black, forming a distinct transverse straight band; the number of abdominal joints ifppeirs to be five.
Length of thorax, 3.5"""; breadth of same, 3.25""" ; length of abdomen, 6.5"""; wings, 12™"'; breadth of same, 3.5"'".
Dr. Williston thinks it can not be an Eristalis.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
SYRPHUS Fabricius. Sykphus sp.
Syrphua sp. Soudd., Bull U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 75r) (1878).
A species of this family, and in size second only to the Milesia from the sainy beds, is represented by reverse and obverse of a single specimen, which is too imperfect for description, only the body being preserved ; the form and size of this agree best with the genus Syrphus.
The length of the body is lO""^.
Green River, Wyoming. One, specimen, Nos. 4110 and 4132 (S. H. Scudder).
CHILOSIA Meigen. Chilosia ampla.
n. 9, Figs. 14, 27. Cheihaia ampla Sondd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 753-7.54 (1878).
This species is primarily founded on a single specimen which Mr. Bowditch and I found in the shales at Green River, and which preserves nearly all parts of the insect. There is also a specimen with its reverse which we obtained at the samr place, and another which Mr. Richardson sent me from these beds, agreeing with the first-mentioned specimen, but a little larger. As only the bodies are preserved, they are temporarily placed
560
TKRTrA.RY IJT3ECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
in this connection until other material is at hand, while the species is described wholly from the more perfect individual. This has a body more nearly of the shape of an Orthoneura, the abdomen being broader and st(uiter than is usual in Chilosia, but the wings are much longer than in the sjjecies of Orthoneura I have seen, and botii the shape of the wing and its neuration agree well with Chilosia. The head is round and moderately large, the thorax stout and rounded ovate, tli(* sciitellum large, semi-lunar, twice as broad as long ; all these parts are dark brown. The wings are very long and narrow, extentling nuich beyond the tip of the abdomen, the costal edge very straight until shortly before the tip, where it curves rapidly ; all the veins are very straight, especially those of the upper half of the wing ; the auxiliary vein terminates in the middhi of the co.stal border, the fir.st longitudinal a* the extremity of tlui straight part f)i the costa, !)eyonil the mid(jle of the outer half of the wing, the third at the tip of the wing, and t!ie second midway between the first and third ; th.e third is united to the fourth by a .straight cnK-^s-vein in the middle of t'le wing, directly beneath the tip of the auxiliary vein, and about its own length beyond the extremity of the long second basal cell ; the extremity of the third basal cell is very oblique and reaches the tip of the lower branch of the fifth longitudinal vein ; the marginal vein, uniting the third and fourth veins, strikes the former just before the tip, while that uniting the fourth and fifth, toward which the fourth bends to receive it, is removed farther from the margin by about half the width of the first posterior cell. The legs are slender, scantily clothed with short, fine hairs. -The abdomen is broad, oblong ovate, fully as bl'oad as the thorax, broadly rounded at the apex, no longer than the rest of the body, of a light color, with darker incisures, and scantily covered with delicate hairs : it is composed of five segments, of which the second, third, and fourth are of equal length, the first shorter and suddenly contracted, the apical minute.
Length of body, 7""" ; diameter of head, 1.35"'"' ; length of thorax, 2.5™"' ; breadth of same, 2""' ; length of abdomen, 'i.b""" ; breadth of same, 2 2"'"'; length of wing, 6.4"""; breadth of same, l.S"""' ; length of 'lind femora, 1.25"""; of hind tibiit, 1.25"'"'; of hind tarsi, 1.25"'^
Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 4112, 4135 and 4141 (F. C. Bowditch and S. II. Scudder), 40 (F. C. A. Richardson).
I
DIPTEBA— SYKPHIDiE.
561
L f»
CiiilosiaI sp. PI. 9, Fig. 26.
Another species resembling the last, but too large to bo referred to it and too imperfect to be sufficient for characterization, occurs in the same beds. It is pretty plainly one of the Syrphidae from its general appearance and from such remains of the neuration as are preserved. The abdomen is almost round, considerably surpassed by the wings, and consists of four visible segments, of which the second is consiiicuous for its ornamenta- tion, the margins being dark and joined by a blackish mesial longitudinal stripe, next which, on either side, the surface is much paler than elsewhere.
The length of the body is 7.1""° ; the apparent length of the wings, 6.75°"" ; the breadth of the abdomen, 3""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 17 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
Chilosia sp.
PI. 9, Fig. 8.
Cheiluaia sp. Scudd.. Bull. U. 8. Gcol. Geogr. Surv. Torr., IV, 754 (1878).
Two specimens of a smaller species of tSyrphidse, preserving the bodies, agree so completely with C. ampla, excepting in their much smaller size, that they are referred to the same genus ; but as the wings are almost entirely lost the reference is made only to indicate the approximate place of the species, which need not be described until better material is at hand.
The length of the body is 4.25°'°'.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4113, 4150 (S. H. Scudder).
PSILOTA Meigen.
PsiLOTA TABIDOSA. PI. 9, Fig. 9.
A headless body of a testaceous color with a nearly complete wing represents this species. Unfortunately it is not accurately drawn on the plate, the nearly invisible veins connecting the third and fourth longitud- inal veins at their tips and closing the discal cell being omitted and the cross-vein being placed much too near the base. In reality it should lie scarcely within the middle of the discal cell, and the fourth longitudinal VOL xin 36
562
TEltTIAKY INSECTS OI' NOliTH AMERICA.
vein should curve, brace-like to meet it, while the third longitudinal
vein, from which the cross-vein parts at a right angle, runs in a straight course, as rei)resented. The oraco-like direction of the fourth longitudinal vein causes the discal cell to bo of equal breadth in the distal half and about twice as broad as the proximal half, the whole cell being unusually long and narrow or fully five times as long as its greatest breadth. The first longitudinal vei.i reaches the margin nearer the tip of the second lon- gitudinal than the auxiliary vein.
Length of headless body, 5""'" ; of win"-, 4"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 59 (Prof Leslie A. Lee).
SVEPKlDiE sp. PI. 10, Fig. 9.
Another species of Syrphidtc appears to be represented in PI. 10, Fig. 9, but it is too obscure for determination and is incompletely drawn on tl^e plate. It is in any case a very small species. The basal cells appear to be long, extending nearly to tiie middle of the wing; the third longitudinal vein is certainly simple, and there are no intercalaries.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 98 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
DIPTERi^ ORTHORHAPHA Brauer.
BRACHYCERA Zetterstedt,
Family DOLICHOPODID^ Loew.
DOLICHOPUS Latreillo.
DOLICHOPUS sp. Doliohopua ap. Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 706 (1878).
A specimen and its reverse are to be referred to this family by the structure of the abdomen and by the general aspect. The wings and head, however, are lacking. The thorax is globose, well arched, and, like thj abdomen, of a ■;ght brown color, and ornamented with scattered, bristly, black hairs. The tip of the abdomen is recurved beneath.
T'he length of the fragment is 3.65°"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4124 and 4148 (S. H. Scudder),
it
1
DlPTERA-ASILIDiE. 553
Family CYRTID^ Loew. ACROCERA Meigen.
ACROCEBA IIIKSUTA.
PI. 6, Fig. 6.
Avrocera hiriuta Soudd., Bull. U. 8. Qool. Googr. Surv. Terr., HI, 755 (1877).
A single very fragmentary specimen appears to belong in the neigh- borhood of Acrocera, but is too imperfect to mention with any certaiirty. The size of the insect, the small head, robust and coarsely haired thorax, stout and abbreviated abdomen, indicate a form resembling that of Acro- cera, and the tibia; appear to be destitute of spurs; but the legs are not very slender and the neuration of the fragment of the wing does not agree well with Westwood's figure of A. globulus Panz. in Walker's Diptora Hri- tannica. There are, however, only a few longitudinal veins next the base, disconnected and faint, so that they afford very slight indication of the real character of the wings, and the transverse veins being obliterated nothin.r can be said of the basal cells. Thorax and abdomen of about equal size. " Length of body, 4.5"-' ; head, 0.6"""; height of same, Ui""\ Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
Family ASILID^ Leach. STENOCINCLIS Scudder (areyhc, HiyHX/s).
SienocincUt Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 751 (1878).
This genus of Asilidae is founded wholly upon characters drawn from the neuration of the wing, the only portion of the insect preserved. It falls into the group of Dasypogonina, in which the second longitudinal vein ter- minates on the margin apart from the first longitudinal vein, instead of uniting with it just before the margin. It is not very far removed from Dioctria, but differs from it and from all Asilidjc I have examined in that the third longitudinal vein arises from the first before the middle of the wing, instead of from the second longitudinal vein after its emission from the first; the first longitudinal vein has therefore two inferior shoots, giving the wing a very peculiar aspect, and causing it to differ radically from all other Asilidae ; indeed, it would be hard to know where to look for a simi- lar feature among allied Diptera, unless it be in the anomalous group of
564
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Cyrtida;. The wing is very slondor and all the cells unusually elongated, which also gives it a unique appearance.
Stenocinclis anomala.
PI. 9, Fig. 10,
StcMcinclia anomala Sciidd., Hull. U. 8. Gool. Gcogr. 8nrv. Terr., IV, 7T,l-752 (1878).
This .species is roprosented by a single fragment of a wi. <; which I found in the (ireon River sliales. Nearly all tlie neuration is [jre^orved ; but the posterior margin i.s absent and the length of the cells which border upon it can not bo accurately deternn'ned. The insect was evidently small, with a long and slender wing. The auxiliary vein terminates slightly be>'ond the middle of the costal margin ; the first longitudinal vein runs up toward the margin where the auxiliary vein terminates, and follows along next the edge far toward the tip, as usual in this group ; the second longi- tudinal vein originates from the first a little way before the middle of the wing, and with an exceedingly gentle sinuous curve, turning upward apic- ally, terminates a little wa}- beyond the first longitudinal vein ; the third longitudinal vein originates from the first as far before the origin of the second longitudinal vein as the distance apart of the tips of the first and second longitudinal veins, and, running at first parallel and almost as close to it as the first longitudinal vein to the apical half of the costal margin, but distinctly separate throughout, it diverges slightly from it in the middle of the wing and terminates at the lower part of the apex of the wing, curv- ing downward more strongly toward the margin ; at the middle of the divergent part of its course, which is very regular, it emits abruptly a supe- rior branch, which afterward curves outward and runs in a very slightly sinuous course to the margin, curving upward as it approaches it. The fourth longitudinal vein is seen to start from the root of the wing, and runs in a straight course until it reaches a point just below the origin of the sec- ond longitudinal vein, where it is connected with the vein below by the anterior basal transverse vein, and then bends a little downward, runninff nearly parallel to the third longitudinal vein, but continuing in a straighter course terminates on the margin at nearly the same point ; these two veins are connected by the small transverse vein midway between the antr ior basal transverse vein and the forking of the third longitudinal vein ; the fourth longitudinal vein is connected by the posterior transverse vein
v»
t
I
DIPTEUA— ASILID^.
565
v»
t
\
(which is scarcely as long as the small transverse vein; with the upper apical branch of the fifth longitudinal vein just beyond its forking, or opposite the forking of the third longitudinal vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein forks pre- viously to this, omitting a branch barely before the point where the ante- rior basal transverse vein strikes it, so that the branch almost appears to be a continuation of the transverse vein ; and previous to this it has a distinct angle, where another vein is thrown off at right angles, directly opposite the upper extremity -of the anterior basal transverse vein, and beyond the origin of the third longitudinal vein ; the basal half only of the sixth longi- tudinal vein can be seen, but its direction shows that it unites with the lowest branch of the fifth at its apex, as in Dasypogon. All the cells throughout the wing are exceedingly narrow.
Length of wing, 6.75"""; probable breadth, LG"™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4143 (S. H. Scudder).
Stenocinclis sp. PI. 10, Fig. 15.
Certainly to this family, not improbably to this genus, and perhaps to the single species described above, belongs the body of a fly figured on PI. 10, Fig. 1.5. It is a male. The thorax is very stout, naked, and devoid of bristles. The femora stout, inflated, naked, and spineless ; the tibia; not one-third so stout, cylindrical, hairy, and apparently spinous, not so long as the femora ; the tarsi densely hairy and spinous, the claws stout, strongly curved. The thorax and abdomen, the former more distinctly, show a microscopic longitudinal wavy carding of the integument, which is also faintly seen on the naked femora.
Length of body, 9.5""" ; of femora, 2""" ; breadth of latter, O.?*--".
Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 45 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
ASILID.E sp.
A fly, apparently of this family, but in too imperfect a state for any reasonable identification at present, was found by Dr. G. M. Dawson three miles up the North Fork of the Similkaraeen River, British Columbia, and numbered by him 67 and 68.
566 TERTIARY INSH0T8 OP NORTH AMERICA.
Family STRATIOMYIDvE Leach. LITIIOPHYSA gon. iiov. (A/0«?, (pvaa).
This genus, of the section lieridinfi, is peculiar for the plump, ovnto abdomen, somewhat as in Diijliysa, for having no lower intercalary vein, for the distance at which the lower branch of the fourth longitudinal vein arises from the apex ot the discoidal cell and for the presence of six spines on the motanotum.
The head is large and nearly as broad as the stout oval thorax, the eyes occupying above all but a narrow mesial belt about a fifth the width of the head ; the antennju apparently as in Xenonioi-pha, short and tapering regu- larly apically. Tlie motanotum has six coarse, eqviidistant, and not very long spines, the middle pair a little stouter than the lateral. The auxiliary vein terminates a little beyond the middle of the wing, and a little beyond, like ihe first and second longitudinal, it curves upward rather strongl}'' at the extremity. The third longitudinal vein is forked. The basal cells are of equal length and half as long as the wing ; the discoidcal cell about twice as long as broad, two branches issuing from the two outer angles and the third branch from the lower border close to the second basal cell. Abdomen regularly ovate, broader than the thorax, composed of six visible segments, besides, probably, a basal segment, which the preservation of the fossil does not permit to be seen.
LlTIIOPnYSA TUMULTA. PI. 9, Fig. 31.
This species is represented by a single specimen which is tolerably well preserved. The thorax is darker than the head and abdomen, and the ob- scurity of the base of the latter leads to the presumption that it was pale in life ; the hinder edges of the abdominal segments are a little darker than the rest of the abdomen. The wings are clear excepting the fuliginous stigma which embraces the interspaces on either side of the second longi- tudinal vein from where it parts from the third vein to its tip. The discoidal cell is almost regularly pentagonal, and would be quite so were the lower branch of the fourth longitudinal vein to arise a short distance farther toward the base ; the base is outward, and the outer, upper, and lower sides are longer than the inner ; it is situated about midway between the costal and
t
*i»
DIPTERA— STKATIOMYII)^!.
567
t
lowor nmrgins of the wing, and tho auxiliary and firHt longitudinal veins, though cloHfily approxiniato, are pretty distant from and parallel to tho mar- gin through most of their courHo.
I.ongth of body, 5'"'"; of wing, Alt"'"'; breadth of thorax, l.r-""'; of abdomen, l.!»"""; of wing, 1.75'""'.
Green llivor, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4 (Dr. A. B. Packard).
ASARCOMYIA gen. nov. (a-, ad)^,, /4vla).
This genus, also belonging to the section Heridina, is distantly related to Chiromyza Wied. Head slightly narrower than the globular thorax. Abdomen long, composed of seven joints, with nearly paralhsl sides, broader than the thorax. Antennaj with short basal, long and equal second, joint. Legs long and very slender, the tibiii; with a short row of spines near the tip, the apical ones no longer than the others. Wings with the third longitudinal vein simple, tho first longer than tho second basal cell, the discoidal cell emit- ting three long and nearly straight veins to the border, all arising apically, a fourth vein arising from the second basal coll ; fifth and sixth longitudinal veins uniting close to the margin.
The simple third longitudinal vein, tho unequally long basal cells, and the fourth branch of the fourth longitudinal vein with its origin from the second basal cell apart from the others, are characteristics which do not seem to be combined in any other genus. The discoidal cell is small, longitudinal, arched, situated a little above the middle of tho wing.
ASAKCOMYIA CADAVER. PI, 9, Fig. 17.
Whole body and wings of a nearly uniform testaceous color, the thorax, legs, and principal veins of the wings a little darker. Metanotum with two large approximated basal bristles. The wings are tolerably broad, the cos- tal margin nearly straight most of the way to the tip, the auxiliary vein ••eaching to a little beyond the middle of the wing, the second longitudinal arising from the third a little sooner, or at about tho middle, and ending after a gently sinuous course considerably less than midway from the tip of the auxiliary to tho tip of the arcuate third longitudinal vein. First basal cell closed scarcely beyond the tip of the auxiliary, at tho middle of tho discoidal cell. (In the figure the cross-vein before this is an accidental mark
fM
568
TRUTIAUY INHKCTS OK NOIITH AMKHIOA.
on tlu; Htoiio.) l)i.scoi(ljil coll iilmut tlireo timort iih loti},' iw broad; Becond biiHal coll about half hh loiifr uh tlio wing. LogH very slondor, the tarwi longer than tho tibi.-i', and tho hind tibiae at least with an outer row of short HpiuGH on the apical third ; all tho logs Hparwoly covered with not very long hains. Altdonion very thinly dothod with distani, moderately long, slender hairH.
Length of body, 4.5"'"; of wing, 3.5""" ; of hind log, 4.2"""; of hind tibia', l..'}"""; ofhind tar.si, 1. (;""",
Green liivor, Wyoming. One spocinion, No. 12 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
NEMATOCERA Latreille.
Famijy TIPULID^E Leach.
DICRANOMYIA Stephens.
DlCUANOMYIA 8TIGM08A.
PI. 5, Figs. 10, 17, 25-27, 42, 43, 08, 69.
Dioranomyia Htiginoaa SoaiiH., UiiU. U. S. Oool. Qeogr. Siirv. Terr., 111,746-748 (1877).
The neuration and the presence of a stigma in a fine, nearly perfect specimen of this specie^ indicate a form closely allied to D. pubipennis O. S., but the absence of any i)ubescence at the tip of the wing at once dis- tinguishes it from the recent species. At first I supposed that it differed from other species of Dicranomyia in the absence of the auxiliary vein ; but after careful study a faint trace of its apical portion was found in the same position relative to the origin of the second longitudinal vein as in D. pubi- pennis ; as there also, the first longitudinal vein curves downward to, and terminates on, tho second longitudinal vein, directly opposite the cross-vein uniting the discal cell with the third longitudinal vein, instead of on the costa ; the subco.stal (}ross-vein arises before the deflection of the first lon- gitudinal, runs parallel with it until it curves, when it turns in the opposite direction to the costa. The discal cell is closed, but the cross-vein separat- ing it from the second posterior cell is very faint, in which respect it agrees better with other Dicranomyife than with D. pubipennis. The stigma is confined to that part of the space between the first and second longitudinal veins which lies beyond the origin of the third longitudinal vein, but it also extends upward to the costa; it is nearly circular and faintly fuli^inoua.
11
I
Jl
DH'TKHA— TII'ULIIMO.
569
An obli(iuo Huponmmomry vein runs to tlio center of tlio stigniu from a point in the first loiifrituilinal vein directly ubovo the orif,nn of the third; thrt is, from the inner edge of the stifriuu. 'i'ho outer and ])08torior margins of the wing are profusely fringed with very delicate hairs, longor than tile thickness of the stout costal vein, The antenna; are fonrteen- jointed, about twice as long as the head, the basal joints of iiio llagellnm subglobular, the others obovato, the apical one more than twice as long as broad; they are delicately verticillate, the hairs being but half as long as the width of the joints. The male anal lobes are broadly obovate, deeply and abruptly excised externally at the base, so as to leave a sharp right angle outwardly and a narrow peduncle on the inner side. Together the lobes are broader than the tip of the abdomen, and each is about half as long again as broad.
Length of body, including the lobes, G.S™"'; antennas, 1.2"""; wings, 7.5""" ; anal lobes of male, ()./)5'"™.
Fossil Canon, VVhite River, Utah (W. Denton.)
A second specimen of what is apparently the aame species, judging from the anal lobes, is somev/hat stouter, but is destitute of all other append- ages, excepting indeterminate fragments of the rostrum, so that no further knowledge of the specios can be gained from it. Tho rostrum, however, would seem to bo scarcely longer than the head.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton )
In another specimen, alt>o a male, the body, one of the wings, and part of the legs of one side are preserved; the whole is much fainter than in the other specimens, but the auxiliary vein can be traced midway between tho costal and first longitudinal veins throughout nearly its whole length. What is apparently tho rostrum is a very little longer than the basal joint of the antenna? and a very little shorter than the head. The character of the male appendages adds to the proof that this belongs to the same species as those previously mentioned, but the stigma of the wing is lost by the incompleteness of the preservation. The legs are very slender and deli- cately hairy tlu-oughout, with no sign of spurs, although it should be remarked that the extremities of the tibia; are not well preserved.
Length of middle femora, 5,25"'"' ; middle tibia?, 4.5™"' ; hind femora, S.TS"-"" ; hind tibia;, 5.5""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton.)
I
I an
570
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Anothur specinen is a foiiialo, wivh romn.'iats o( wings, h.iving juost of tlio veins scarcoly traceable ; onoiigh of the right wing remains to be sure iliat it is this species, with which the size agrees.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton.)
Still another is similarly preserved ; but on account of the partial folding of the wing no stigma can bo seen, and the first longitudina' vein seems to unite, or almost unite, with the second so far from the branching of the latter that I was at first inclined to separate it; but the (lifToroncc proves to bo very slight. The antennro. of this specmion are ])retty well preserved, but so bent as Pot to allow of direct measurement; the size agrees well -.vitb other specimens, although it is slightlj' smaller than the second specimen mentioned, which, however, is rather larger than the average. The specimen is a female.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W Denton).
A head preserved on the same stone as the last specimen probably also belongs to this sjjccies.
Jn the last specimen to be mentioned we have the upper surface of an abdomen of a male Dicranomyia, apparently of this species, twisted so as to present a lateral v'iew of the tip, showing the structure of the under sr.rface of t.io appendages. The under imier edge is evidently thickened, and a .slight hook projects a little beyond the broad lobe; as the lobe itself is pre- served in a different view from what holds ii: the other specimens, and there- fore has a slightly different contour, the specimen is judged to belong to this species oaly from the size of the abdomen and of its anal lobes.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton).
Dicranomyia primitiva.
ri. 5, Figs. 20, iil, 05-07.
IHcraiioviyia primitiva Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Goo!. Oeogr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 748(1877).
Two specimens, a little smaller than D. stigmosa, but still more closely resembling D. pubipennis, together with a third, which is simply a body, to which is attached the costal outline of a wing, and ncjir which lies a log, represent the female of this species. The two first mentioned are rather faintly ])>-eserved, but permit the venation to bo traced with certainty, though with difliculty, and with one of them a portion of a detached (mid- dle or hind) leg may bo seen. The neuration of the wing diflfers from that
1
'^1
DUTKRA— TIPULIDylO.
571
m
of D. atigmosa in the shape of the discal coll, the inner border of which is straight, and strikes the incomplete fifth longitudinal vein exactly where the lower cross-vein strikes it, so that the two are continuous a.id produce no break of direction in the fifth lonrjitudinal vein. The auxiliary vein is not preserved, and there is no adventitious vein in the stigma, which otherwise is as in that species. The wing is not so slender as in 1). stigmosa.
Length of body, 5.5"""; wing, 5.5-(i'""' ; fenuir, 5"""; tibia, 5.75'""'; first two joints of tarsi, 3.5'""'. The measurements of the leg are doubtful.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.)
Another poorly preserved specimen which by the structure of the male forceps is plainly to bo referred to this genus is judged merely from its size to belong to this species, none of the characteristic parts of the neuration being preserved. Tlio body is a very little smaller than in the females of this species, and the male forceps are ovate and rather large.
Length of body without forceps, 4.5'"'" ; forceps, 0.35""" ; breadth of one of them, 0.2'"'".
On the same stone with this is a log which probably belonged to it, though some distance from it ; the length of the femur is 5" " ; tibia, 4.5""" ; the tarsi are broken.
Same locality.
A single wingless male, taken by Mr. Richardson at Green River Wyoming, can be referred doubtfully to this species.
About fifteen other specimens of Tipulida>. wore collected by Mr. Richardson, Mr. Bowditch, and myself at Green River; but . nfortunately not one of them presents the vestige of a wing and seldom anything more than the body. Probably some of tliom also belong to this species ; otliers may with more doubt be referred to 1). stigujosa but all are valuoU^ss fin- any precise determination, and, indeed, may not belong to Dicranomyia at all.
DlCHANOMYIA RCSTRATA. PI, 5, Figs. 40, 4I,<J3, fi4.
Dicranomyia rostrata Soiuid., Hull, U. S. Oool. OooRr. Siirv. Torr., Ill, 71!) (1877).
A single specimen I.irger than the other species of Dicranomyia and about the size of Tipula decrepita Scudd. is provisionally referred to this genus. The head is very small, the thorax rather robust and very strongly
572
TERTIABY INSECTS OF NOKTII AMERICA.
arclied, an J the {ibclonien shows it to be a female. The antennal joints are fifteen in number, the basal one stout, the apical slender obovrte, the others globular ; the palpi are four-jointed, the las', three joints equal, and together as long as the first, the whole rather longer than the head, and therefore 1 ther long for a Dicranomyia. The legs are lacking, the single wing detachcid, broken at the base, and longitudinally folded. Sucli of the neura- tion as can be disentangled agrees wholly with the peculiarities of this genus.
Length of fragment of body without head, C"'™ ; breadth of head, 0.5"""; lengtli of antennai, 2"'"' ; palpi, 0.9'"™.
Fossil Cafion, WL ie River, Utah. (W. Denton.)
A second specimen is referred to this sj)ecies, but with some doubt, as it consists of only a trunkwith no appendages excepting the male forceps. The specimen is slightly smaller than the female, ai. we should expect, and the 2>lates at the extremity of the body differ from those of the other fossil species described in being of a regular, short, obovate form.
Length of body without forceps, 6.25""" ; of forceps, Ce™" ; width of same, 0.28""".
Same locality.
SPILADOMYIA Scudder (OTriXd?, fivia).
Spilaiomyia Scuild., Bull. U. S. Geol. Googr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 749 (1877).
This genus is founded upon a peculiar form of fly allied to Dicranomyia. The palpi fire no longer than the head; the thorax is comparatively slender, the legs very long and slender, and the wings shaped much as in Dicra- nomyia, with a jjeculiar neuration. The auxiliary vein terminates some way beyond the middle of the costal border; the first longitudinal vein terminates in the second, close to the tip of the wing; the second originates from the first beyond the middle of the wing, but some distance befove the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the third longitudinal vein originates from the second, near the middle of its course, beyond the tip of the auxiliary vein; a little distance beyond its origin, but much nearer the tip of the wing than usual, it is connected by a cross- vein with the fourth longitudinal vein; the first and second posterior cells are therefore very short ; there is, then, but a single s"bmarginal cell, three, or, if a very ;-.light fork at the .apex o\ the posterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein be counted, foi'r posterior cells, and no discal cell.
DIPTEIIA— TIPULID^.
673
Spiladomyia simplex.
PI. 5, Fig. 37, 33.
SpilaOomyia limplex Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Ooogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 750 (1877).
A single specimen and its reverse show nearly all the parts of the body, but all are faintly preserved, so as to be very difficult of study. 'Flie specimen is a female ; nearly all the legs are preserved, and all but the base of the wings; the latter, however, trail along the abdomen, so that parts are obscured and the neuration is exceedingly faint. The head is small, the eyes almost exactly circular, the palpi a Jittlo shorter than the head, the antennas composed of cylindrical joints, a little longer than broad, the legs slender, with femora, tibinc, and tarsi of nearly equal length, and the wings f.s long as the body. The anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is abruptly bent at its base, so as ne.irly to connect with the cross-vein uniting it with tha third longitudinal vein, and the first and second posterior cells are scarcely more than three times as long as broad. The third poste- rior cell is but very insignificant, as the posterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein forks but slightly and near its tip. The neuration of the lower 2)art of the wing is uncertain.
Length of body, 7.5"'"*; palpi, aSS"™; fore femora, 4.5"™; middle femora, 4.5""; hind femora, 4.5""'; fore tibitB, 4.65"'"; middle tibiae, 4.5""; hind tibitc, 4.5""; fore tarsi, 4""; middle (or hind) tarsi, 4.6"'". Measure- ments of tarsi uncertain.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. (W. Denton.)
PRONOPHLEBIA Scudder (Trpcov, <p\i^toy).
Vrouophlebia Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Googr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 750 (1877).
This genus difters from all Tipulidtc known to me in the early origin of the third longitudinal vein, which springs from the second almost imme- diately after its own separation from the first longitudinal vein and some way before the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the second longitudinal vein arises near the middle of the wing and branches, the inner branch apparently forking near its tip. Those characteristics readily serve to distinguish it from other Tipulidaj. The head is small, the antennaj long, very slender, and more than thirteen-jointed. They are too imperfect in the specimen studied to allow of any further statement. The palpi are not preserved, but
574
TEKTIAUY INSiiGTS 01^ JNOKTU AMElilCA.
the thorax is strongly .arched and the neuration indicates that the genus belongs to the Tipiilidn; brevipalpi, and with other signs that it is probably one of the Limnophilina, although the auxiliary cross-vein aj)pears to be exactly opposite the origin of the second longitudinal vein. It is perhaps most nearly allied to Trichocera.
PUONOPIILEBIA REDIVIVA.
PI. 5, Fig. 39.
Pronophlebia rediviva Scudd., Uiill. U. S. Gool. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 750-751 (1877).
The single specimen of this species is spread at full length, but the stone containing it is broken. The specimen is a male. The antenna) are considerably longer than the head and thorax together, and the joints are sliaped and ornamented as shown in the figure of Dolichopeza in Walker's Diptera Hritannica. The head is small and the eyes so well preserved that tliey can bo seen as in a living creature. The wings arc very long and slender ; the auxiliary vein terminates some distance beyond the middle of the wing ; the first longitudinal vein about midway between that and the tip ; the second longitudinal vein arises just within the middle of the wing, and tlie third longitudinal vein less than half the distance from that to the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the second longitudinal vein forks just beneath the tip of the auxiliary vein, its upper branch bends just beneath the tip of the first longitudinal, and its lower branch appears to fork just beyond the middle of its course. Cross-veins appear to divide tlie interspace between the second and tliird longitudinal ve'ns (the second submargiiuvl cell) into three equal parts, and there is certainly a cross-vein in tlie interspa(!e between the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins (the second basal cell) directly oppo- site the origin of the third longitudinal vein.
Length of body, 9.25"""; antenuai, 2.6'"'"; wings, 9.25"'.".
White Kiver, near the Colorado-Utah boundary (W. Denton).
CYTTAROMYIA Scudder (nvrrapo?, javia).
Cyitaromyia Scudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Googr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 751 (1877).
This genus of Tipulida; differs somewhat remarkably from any known to me. It appears to belong among the Tipulida) brevipalpi, the first longi- tudinal vein terminating in the second much in the manner of Dicranomyia, with which, however, tliis genus seems to have little else in common.
wr>
«4/
mmimmmlamm-
■I .ui'mm
DIPTERA— TlPULlDiE.
575
..
Although the first longitudinal vein terminates in this way, no trapezoidal cell is formed near its extremity after the manner of the Tipulidjv. longipalpi, but this portion is cpiite as in Dicranomyia. The position of tlio auxiliary vein is indeterminablo from the fragment I have seen; but the "posterior intercalary vein" of Loew issues from tlio lower outer angle of the discal coll at a long distance from the great cross-vein, and in direct continuation of the fourth longitudinal vein. All these characteristics place it with the Tipulida) brevipalpi ; but tlie points wherein it differs from them, as indeed from all other Tipulidaj, are not a little extraordinary. Apparer.tly it has certain relations with the Anuilopina,and has some resemblance to Symplocta, but it may be questioned wliether it should not form a section by itself in the neighborhood of the Ptychopterina.
The firat longitudinal vein terminates in the upper branch of the second at no great distance from the tip of the wing ; at the same point it is con- nected with the costa by an oblique cross-vein running in continuity with its terminal portion. There are three submarginal cells and a secondary discal cell. The large number of submarginal cells is due to the forking of the posterior branch of the second longitudinal vein, just as two suljinarginal cells are formed in Anisomera by the forking of the anterior brancli of the same vein. The secondary discal cell is formed by the division of the third submarginal cell by a cross-vein, which unites with the elbow of the basal portion of the lower branchlet of the fork of the second submarginal vein, and leaves two cells beyond the supplementary discal cell, just as there are two cells (the first and second posterior) beyond the true discal cell ; the latter lies directly below the secondary discal cell, but is twice as large as it. This is an anomaly quite unique, so far as I am aware, among the Tipulidae.
Cyttakomyia fenestbata.
PL 5, Fig. 78. Cj/Uaromyia/enettrata Soudd., Bull. U. 8. Gool. Googr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 7.')l-752 (1877).
This species is represented by the portion of a wing and its reverse, containing a little more than the distal portion with nearly all the important part of the neuration. The striking peculiarities of this have been pointed out in the description of the genus ; but a few minor points, probably of specific value, may be added. The second longitudinal vein originates far
576
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
back toward (perhaps before) the middle of the wing, and half-way to the tip forks abruptly, the anterior branch immediately arching over and running to a point just above the extreme tip of the wing ; the space between this portion of its course and the first vein is infuscated, forming a stigma ; the posterior branch forks half-way toward the tip, the upper branchlet being in almost direct continuity with the main branch, while the lower diverges suddenly from it and unites with the cross-vein from the third longitudinal vein, after which it runs parallel to the othei branchlet ; the third longitud- inal vein springs from the posterior branch of the second directly after its origin. The first and second ])osterior cells are of the same length as the lower two submarginal cells, and the discal cell is of a similar length. The lower part of the wing is confused from folding, but there is a cross-vein uniting the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins next the inner extremity of the discal cell ; the discal cell extends farther by its own width toward the base of the wing than the secondary discal cell, and there is a slight appear- ance on the stone, as if the middle of the cross- vein forming the inner limit of the discal cell were united by a cross-vein to the second longitudinal vein shortly before it branches, thus forming a prediscal cell of irregular shape and about as long as broad.
Length of fragment, 5.5""" ; width of middle of wing, 2"".
Fossil Cafion, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.)
TIPULA Linnd.
TiPULA DECREPITA.
PI. 5, Figs. 56, 57. Tipula decrepita Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 752 (1877).
A single specimen, poorly preserved, is to be referred to the genus Tipula (s. str.). The head is small, the antennal joints very slender, obo- vate, between two and three times as long as broad, the thorax well arched, and the abdomen indicating a female ; the legs are lacking ; both the wings are present, but poorly preserved, and one of them imperfect ; even the perfect one is badly folded longitudinally, but the costal border is nearly uninjured, and indicates the generic affinities, from the peculiar nature of the venation toward the apex ; instead of forming toward the termination of the first longitudinal vein a large stigma-like cell, the second longitudinal vein appears to form, with a slight vein springing from below, a long and
t
■V*
•>
'
DI PTElt A— Tl V UL IDJE.
577
t
■V*
exceedingly sloiider coll, above and outside of which the wing in slightly clouded.
Length of body without head, 6""» ; diameter of head, 0.6""" ; length of wings, S.S""".
White River. (W. Denton.)
TiPULA TKCTA.
PI. 5, Fig8. 4G, 47.
Tipula tecta Scad.l., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Torr., HI, 7r,'i-7r,3 (1877).
A single specimen preserved on a dorsal aspect is of a larger size than the other Tipulidae from this locality ; its precise relationship can not be determined until other specimens are discovered, as it has no head nor legs, except a very slender fragment of a tibia; and the wings, being lon- gitudinally folded and partially concealed by the body, along which they lie, show only that the neuration is not discordant with that of the crane- flies, with which its other features agree. The specimen is a female, with a slight, not greatly arched, thorax, and full and plump, though still slender, abdomen nearly as broad in the middle as the thorax.
Length of thorax, 1.4""' ; breadth of same, L2.')"'™ ; length of abdomen, 4.75""'; breadth of same, LIS""; length of wings, T"""
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton).
Tipula spoliata. PI. 10, Pig. 4.
Fragments of wings only are preserved in two of the specimens referred here ; but a third, in which the wings uniform in tint with dusky veins are thrown up parallel to each other in front of the head, shows also the body and part of the antennse, which are equal and sparsely covered with very short hairs. There is no trace of a stigma on any of the wings, and the cell at the place of the stigma is subfusiform ia shape and nearly six times as long as broad, the third longitudinal vein arising only a little before the end of the great cross-vein. The discal cell is rather less than half as long again as broad, its lower inner angle is scarcely more than a right angle, and the fifth longitudinal vein is bent at a considerable angle at the VOL xiii 37
T
578
TERTIARY INSEOTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
},Moat cross-vein, so that Its apical portion and the sixth longitudinal vein converge rapidly. The tip of the wing is decidedly below the middle.
Length of body, 12.75"""; of wing, 14.5"'"'; breadth of same, 3.5™"'.
Green River, Wyondng, Three specimens, Nos. 15 and 74, 42, 43 and 44 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
Tll'ULA SEPITLCUUI, PI. 10, Fig. 1.
A single specimeri is preserved, showing a nearly complete wing (imperfect at the base) parts of the body, with the head and palpi and parts of the antennae. The antennse are similar to those of T. sjjoliata, and the palpi of similar form and clothing but slenderer. The wing is slightly larger than in T. spolisitu, with a distinct subtriangular stigma, but with no other marking about (he dusky veins. The stigmatal cell has its lower bordering vein bent soinr way beyond the middle, and the cell is long and slender, fully eight times longer than broad, the third longitudinal vein arising from the second much earlier than in T. spoliata, considerably before the lower end of the great cross-vein. The discal cell is about half as long agai as broad, its lower innei angle much more than a right angle; the fifth longitudinal vein is scarcely bent where it strikes the great cross- vein, and its apical portion therefore scarcely converges with the sixth lon- gitudinal vein. The tip of the wing is only a little below the middle of the wing.
Length of wing, 15"'"'; breadth, 3.75""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 9 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
Family CHIRONOMID^E Westwood.
CHIRONOMUS Meigen.
Chironomus septus.
PI. 10, Fig. 8.
A single specimen in which the wings are imperfectly preserved, being obscured by the abdomen, over which they are folded The antennjB are hidden. The body is preserved on a partially lateral view and has an S-shaped form, the head being closely appressed to the lower front of the thorax, which is elevated behind the middle, and the abdomen curved
DlFriiUA— CIJ lUONOMlD.E.
579
ujiward, its tip rather indicating the specimen to be a male. Tlie legs are well preserved, and the wings so far as their venation can bo made out indicate a Chirononuis. One antenna is preserved and is very slender indeed, about a third or a quarter the width of the front tibia and about as long as the eye; it is not shown on the plate and is obscure from its crossing the front tibia; its basal joint is rounded ovate, twice as stout as the stem, which is equal, with a blunt tip; no hairs can bo detected except some exces- sively delicate les close to the base, the only portion excepting the tip which is not obscured by the tibia; all the joints of the stem appear to be cylin- drical and in no way moniliform. The legs are of nearly equal length. The tibiaj are slightly longer than the femora and of the length of the thorax; the first joint of the tarsi is less than half as long as the tibia, and the remainder of the tarsus a little more than half as long again as the first joint. The femora and tibia) are sparsely clothed with very short delicate hairs, and the tibia; and tarsi, and especially the latter, have in addition a few inferior rows of distant short delicate spines, a pair of which, as short as the others, are apical in the tibiae, and perhaps also in the tarsal joints. The whole body is uniformly testaceous, slightly infuscated by the sparse clothing of short fine hairs.
Length of body, 3""" ; of thorax, 1.2""' ; of legs, about 3.5""".
Green River, Wyoming One specimen, No. 10 (Ur. A. S. Packard).
Chironomus depletus,
PI. 5, Pig. 62. Chironomun depletua Scudd., Hull. U. 8. Geol. Qeogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 744 (1877).
A single mutilated specimen of this insect remains, and is doubtfully referred to Chironomus. The thorax is moderately robust and the abdo- men rather plump for a Chironomus. The antennae are broken, and only the costal border of one of the fore wings can be seen ; this shows that the second longitudinal vein terminates in the middle of the apical, and the first longitudinal apparently in the middle of the basal, half of the wing. The legs are moderately long, slender, the tibiae finely spined, the spines arranged on the middle legs in a somewhat verticillate manner, and termi- nating with two or three long spurs ; the femora are rather short, the tibia; considerably longer, but not so long as the tarsi.
580
TEltTIARY INSfilCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Length of body, .'J""" ; of wing, 2.3""" ; of foro femora, 0.68""" ; of fore tibiii!, 0.6""" ; of foro tarsi, l"™ ; of middle tibite, 1"'"' ; of uiiddle tarsi, I 25"'"'.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Chironomus patens.
PI. 5, Figs. 18, 19, 28. Chiranomui patent Scuild., BiiU. U. 8. Oeol. Geogr. Huiv. Terr., Ill, 744-74.5 (1877).
A single specimen, very well preserved, represents a species which is provisionally referred to Chirononuis. Nearly all the parts are present, and the neuration of one of the wings is nearly perfect, showing the structure of Chironomidae, but differing apparently froni any genus yet characterized. The antenna? are parted and bent, but apparently perfect ; they seem to be fifteen-jointed, the joints square, the apical no larger than the others, and all apparently furnished (as indicated at one point only) with a fringe of profuise, e.xceedingly delicate hairs, as long as the joints. The body is slen- der and the \/ing8 three times as long as broad ; the costal vein runs only to the tip of the wing, and the margin beyond it is very faint ; the first lon- gitudinal vein runs uninterruptedly to the middle of the apical fourth of the wing ; the second longitudinal nearly to the tip ; the third longitudinal vein takes its rise from the second in the middle of the basal half of the wing, and parts widely from the second, leaving an imusual space devoid of neura- tion next the apex of the wing; the fourth arises from the third rather abruptly a little beyond its base, and has close beneath it the remnant of a vein or a fold in the wing; the next vein forks just beneath the origin of the fourth longitudinal vein, and leaves beneath it, next the posterior mar- gin, a broad space without veins ; the two basal cells are very short, and there appear to be no other transverse veins in the whole wing ; all the veins are hirsute. The legs are long and slender, and covered with spinous hairs arranged in exact longitudinal rows, giving the legs a striped appear- ance under the microscope ; the femora are rather short, and the tibiae and tarsi of very unequal length excepting on the hind legs ; the tibiae and all the joints of the tarsi are furnished apically with small spurs.
Length of body, 3""; antennae, l™" ; wings, 2.1""'; fore femora, 0.5(?)"'"; middle femora, O.e™"; hind femora, O.S""; fore tibiae, 0.8"™;
DIPTEHA— CHIRONOMIDiM.
581
^
middle tibia;, 0.9""°; hind tibia, 1.4""°; fore tarsi, 1.8""; middle tarsi, 'i.a""; Iiind tiirsi, 2.1"'"".
Chugriii Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Chironomus sp.
ChironomMi up. 8o«d«l., Bull. U. 8. Genl. GeoRr. 8nrv. Terr., IV, 749 (1878).
A minute specimen apjmrently of this famiiy. Unfortunately it has no wings, and little can be said of it more than to record its occurrence ; it is 3""" long, has large eyes, a stout thorax, and altogether resembles a Chi- ronomus ; it is however distinct from any found in the White River shales.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 141 (F. C. A Richardson).
CHIRONOMIDiE Sp. PI. 5, Figs. 32, 33. An indeterminate species of this famil)% whose generic affinities can not be discovered from the entire absence of neuration in the wings and the loss of every other characteristic feature, presents a side view of the body with fragments of legs. The insect is minute, measuring but 2.75°"" long. It may possibly belong to the Cecidomyidae.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton').,
CHIRONOMIDiE Sp.
PI. 5, Fig. 24.
Another similar specimen, but distinct from the above, exhibits a dor- sal aspect, and little besides the trunk is left. The thorax is comparatively stout, the head nearly as broad as the thorax, and the abdomen very slender and equal. The body is 3.25"" long.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton).
CHIRONOMIDiE Sp.
A third indeterminate species probably belongs to this group, but the specimen is too indistinct to be of much value. It is a female. The an- tennae are a little longer than the head, the head a little narrower than the abdomen, the latter tapering to a point. The costa of one wing is present and the rather short and moderately stout legs of the opposite side.
Length of body, l.B""™; of middle femur 0.8°""; of same tibias, 0.5"".
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton).
I '
582 TBl.TIARY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMERICA.
Family CULICIDyE Stephens. CULEX Linnd.
CULEX DAMNATORUM. PI. 10, Fig. 14 9.
None of the specimens referred here show much of the neuration of the wings excepting parts of longitudinal veins, but the other character- istics are urmiistakable. The eyes are surrounded by a fringe of curved luslies as long as the width of the eye. The antonnoj (all the specimens are females) are fully as long as the thorax, slender, tapering, the joints almost three times as long as broad, cylindrical, clothed sparsely with ex- cessively short hairs, and showiiig signs here and there of a thin whorl of fin(! hairs at the base of the joints a little longer than the joints themselves. Palpi fibout as long as the heal, mor than twice as stout as the basal por- tion of the antentup, the last joint almost obpyriform, bluntly terminated, about three times as long as broad, and briefly hairy. Proboscis as stout as the palpi, stouter than the fore tibia% nearly or quite as long as the thorax. Legs long and slender, clothed sparsely with fine short spinous hairs, and the tibia; with inferior rows of more distant, longer, but still brief spines, and the first joint of the tarsi with inferior rows of short, close set spines. Hind tarsi nearly as long as the abdomen.
Length of l)ody, <J""" ; of thorax, 1.8""" ; of antenna;, 2""' ; of proboscis, 1.9""'; of fore legs beyond coxjb, ii.G""" ; of fore femora, 1.6'""'; fore tibiae, 1.8""'; fore tarsi, 2.2"""; hind femora, 2.5"'"'; hind tibia;, 2"'"'; hind tarsi (broken just short of extremity \ 3"'". Measurements from specimen figured.
Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 16, 38, 39 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
CULEX PROAVITU8.
n. 5, Figs. 8, 9. Cukx proaritm Scndd.. Bull. U. 8. Gcol. Geogr. Surv.Terr., Ill, 744 (1877).
A poorly preserved specimen in which only fragments of the legs can be seen, and the wings are so crumpled and folded as to prevent tracing the neuration. What can be seen resembles the neuration of the Culicidae, and the veins and Ijorders are heavily fringed with long hairs. The body is
DIPTEHA— HIBIONID.H.
583
Blender and the innect minute ; the probosciH is about r.« lonjif an tlie hniid and thorax combined, and the hutt joint of the equally long palpi Ih cuneate, the base rounded.
Length of body, 2.2""' ; of probosciH, 0.9""".
Fossil Canon White River, Utah (VV. Denton).
CORETIIUA Meigen.
COHETHRA EXITA.
PI. 5, FiRB. 2J, 23.
Cortthra taita Soudd., Ball. U. 8. Oeol. Oeogr. 8urv. Terr., Ill, 744 (1877).
A specimen, viewed from above, with expanded wings, and destitute of legs, palpi, and all but the basal joints of the antennae. The broad head, stout basal joint of antenna?, general form and size, with such of the neura- tion of one wing as can be determined, indicate the genus ; seven of the abdominal segments are very clearly marked, and the specimen appears to be a male. The body is slender; the head, thorax, and abdomen of equal width ; the wings slender and of about equal length with the body. The fourth longitudinal vein runs in a nearly straight line over the basal half of its course, but is gently arched beyond ; the fifth originates from the fourth in the middle of its straight portion, runs nearly parallel with it so long as it continues straight, and afterward diverges considerably; the first longitudinal vein appears to run to the tip of the wing.
Length of body, 4.25""' ; of wing, 4.25''"' ; breadth of latter, O-S"".
Chagrin Valley, Wiiite River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Family BIBIONID^E Westwood. PLECIA Wiedemann.
Plecia similkameena. PI. 3, Figs. 20-22.
Pmthetria timilkameena Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Siirv. Can., 1877-1878, 177-179B (1879). PUoia $imilkameetta Scndd., Zittel, Handb. d. Palisont., I, ii, 811, Fig. 1086 (1885).
Fi^•a specimens, three of them with their reverses, represent very fairly a species of Plecia, one of them certainly a male, and remarkably perfect. The body of this male is of nearly equal size throughout, scarcely thickened
584
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
at the thorax. The male antennae consist of ten joints, and they are monil- itorm, very gently and slightly decreasing in size to the tip, the apical joint smallest, iill together a little longer than the height of the head. Legs of the male long and slender, all the femora of equal length (the middle pair perhaps a little shorter than the others), slightly thickened, especially on the apical half All the tibia; are vpry long, slender, equal, covered below with a dense clothing of very delicate and short hairs, and furnished above with a row (I) of very short, delicate, minute, recumbent spines, the apex devoid of spurs ; the first pair is about as long as the fore femora; the second is con- siderably shorter than the middle femora, while the third pair is longer than the hind femora. Tlie tarsi are scarcely shorter than their respective tibiae; the first joint is nearly as long as the -est of the tarsus, excepting on the middle legs, where it only equals the two succeeding joints taken together; the remaining joints are subequal in length (on the middle legs the second and third joints are longer than the fourth and fifth), and the last is armed with a delicate pair of divergent claws The whole body and the appendages are black. The wings are fuliginous, deepening in tone toward the front margin; they are nearly as long as the body and about three, times as long 18 broad. The first and second longitudinal veins are straight and approx- imate to the front margin, the latter striking it scarcely beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, the former at about the middle of the third quarter; the third longitudinal vein diverges from the second at some dis- tance before the middle of the wing, is connected by the middle transverse vein a little beyond the middle of the wing to the fourth longitudinal vein, and forks either at a little more ((?) or at :«, little less ($) than one-third the distance from the cross-vein to the apex of the wing,' the lower branch striking the tip, while the other, strongly curved, strikes the margin at about one-third ((?), or a little more than one-third (?), the distance from the apbx of the second to that of the lower branch of the third longitudinal vein ; tiie fourth longitudinal vein "'s very nearly straight until it forks, con- siderably (S) or a little (?) nearer th3 middle transverse vein tlian the origin of the fork of the vein above ; the branches part widely at base, the upj)er more arcuate than the lower ; the fifth longitudinal vein forks as far from the base of the wing as the divergence of the second and third longitudinal
1
■The Hexeniu thiH genua differ in uuiir.atioti, aiitl, as tlio wing iittachod to tint body "f the iikiIc dif- fpi'H from th» other win)r» in thn purticiilar abovn ;n< ntionod, I look upon the others M belonging to foniules of the duiuu H|ieoiuH, uud duscribu thuiu uucordingly.
DIPTERA— BIBIONIDJE.
585
veins, the upper branch being connected just beyond its origin with the fourth longitudinal vein, which is of the mme length as the middle trans- verse vein, and lies as far within as that without the middle of the wing. In none of the specimens (owing to imperfect preservation) can the sixth longitudinal vein be traced beyond the basal transverse vein.
Length of body, 11"""; breadth of thorax, 1.75"""; of abdomen, 1.2"""; length of femora: fore S-S"", middle 3.5 C?)""*, hind 3.5""' of tibiae: fore S.^S"", middle 3.25"'"', hind 4""" ; of tarsi : fore 3"'"', middle 2.75"'™, hind 3.5"'"'; of first joint of tarsi: fore 1.4"'", middle l""", hind 1.5"'"'; length of wing, 10""" ; breadth of same, 3.5"'"'. All the measurements are taken from the
male.
Similkatieen River, British Columbia, .'^ive specimens, Nos. 76, 79- 83 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Ca.^sj ia).
Plecia pealei.
PI. 4, Figs. 2, 3, 10, 11, 12.
This species differs from ?. similkameena mainly in a single point, the earlier forking of the fourth longitudinal vein, ihe stalk of which is as short as or shorter than the middle transverse vein, while in the British Columbia specios it is about twice as long. The superior fork of the third longitud- inal vein is also a trifle shorter, although it does not appear to arise any earlier. The cross-vein uniting the fourth longitudinal vein with the branch of the fifth (next its base) is not shown in the figures, and the neuration is imperfect in Figs. 2 and 3 at several points. The species is of the same size as P. similkameena, but a couple of specimens, thought at first to be distinct from apparent differences in their obscure neuration, but which turned out to be identical on closer inspection, are somewhat smaller than the average. The species must have been exceedingly common in the beds at Twin Creek, Wyoming, for out of more than fifty specimens of fossil insects obtained for me by the In'otliers Bell at their coal bed all but one or two belong to this species. They are preserved in a whitish fetid shale. They are mostly in a very poor state of preservation, the best of tliem being shown in Figs 2, 3, and 11, the last showing the average size. Much better specimens, however, were obtained by Dr. A. C. Peale in October. 1877, in beds on the same creek, about thirty-five to forty miles northea:'t of Randolph, on a darker shale, where the specimens were equally .abundant
J
586
TEUTIAEY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
and excellently preserved, as see Figs. 10 and 12. Dr. Peale brougiit home nine slabs, numbered 1 to G, containing ten specimens, with reverses of four of them. Three or four good specimens v j;e also sent me from Twin Creek by Prof J. S. Newberry, and were then taken for the preceding species.
Named for the geologist Dr. A. C. Peale, who has been quick in the discovery of insect-bearing shales in the West.
Plgcia dejecta. PI. 10, Fig. 17.
This species is in most respects nearer P. similkameena than P. peaiei from the neighboring region to the north, but it is considerably smaller than the former and than most specimens of the latter ; a single well pre- served and nearly perfect specimen has been found, in marked contrast to the abundance of P. peaiei to the north. As in P. peaiei the superior branch of the third superior vein is no longer, or scarcely longer, than the distance from the median transverse vein to the origin of the branch, while, on the ether hand, it resembles P. similkameena in that the length of the median transverse vein is double that of the distance from it to the fork of the fourth longitudinal voin, represented a trifle too short on the plate. The legs are as in the other species as far as noted.
Length of wing, 7.5""" ; breadth of same, 3"".
Green River, Wyoming One specimen, No 8 (Dr. A. S. Pac!;ard).
Family MYCETOPHILID^E Westwood. SCIARA Meigen.
h SCIARA DEPEEDITA. PI. 3, Fig. 17. adara deperdita Scndd., Rep. Progr. Qeol. Snrv. Can., 1876-1H77, 457-458 (1878).
The remains of this species consist of a single perfect wing and the fragments of an eye whose facets are 0.0165°"" in diameter. The wing is oval and regularly rounded, with a somewhat abrupt inner angle, the sur- face covered with microscopic hairs. Judging from Winnertz'a descriptions this insect must be more nearly allied to S. ungulata Winn, than to any
!•
DIPTERA— MYOETOPHILIDiE.
587
othei' of the numerous species mentioned Ii his monograph of the group. The costal and first and second longitudinal veins, together with the cross- veins uniting the two latter, are much heavier and darker than the other veins of the wing ; the veins near the center of the wing and from there toward the base are mv. 3 delicate and fainter than elsewhere; but this perhaps is due to their indifferent preservation ; the costal vein, which scarcely fails of reaching the tip of the wing, is covered with fine and short spinous hairs. The first longitudinal vein strikes the middle of the costal margin, and the cross-vein below unites it at the middle with the second longitudinal vein ; the auxiliary vein is very obscure though broad and scarcely extends more than half-way to the cross- vein, in close juxtaposi- tion to the first longitudinal vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is equally faint, oblique, uniting the middle of the auxiliary vein with the costal mar- gin. The second longitudinal vein is strongly bowed and extends nearly to the tip of the costal vein. The basal undivided part of the third longi- tudinal vein is straight, originates from the second barely beyond the tip of the auxiliary vein, and forks somewhat abruptly at the middle of its course and just beyond the e.xtremity of the first longitudinal vein; shortly beyond their origin the forks are very nearly straight and quite parallel to the tip, the upper fork striking exactly the tip of the wing ; the tips of the two forks and of the second longitudinal vein are equidistant, and the costal vein terminates midway between the extremity of the second and of the upper fork of the third longitudinal vein ; the tip of the fourth is slightly farther from that of the lower fork of the third longitudinal vein than the separation of the two forks. The fourth and fifth longitudinal veins are straight and subparallel at base, beginning to diverge where they bend downward, just beyond the middle, the tip of the fourth lying about mid- way between that of the fifth and the lower fori of the third longitudinal vein. The sixth longitudinal vein is rudimentary and very indistinct, extending less than a quarter-way toward the margin.
Length of wing, 2.75™"; breadth, 1.25""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 44 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
!•
588
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NCETH AMERICA.
SCIARA 8C0PULL PI. 10, Fig. 16.
A little slab brought home by Dr. Packard has two flies upon it in close proximity, one preserved on a dorsal, the other on a lateral aspect. The venation in both is obscure, but they apparently belong to the Sciarina at least. The head is rather small, the antenna; are rather coarse, cylindrical, equal, shorter than the thorax. Legs very long, exceedingly slender, the tibiae without apical thorns, or rather without conspicuous thorns, all the legs covered with excessively delicate aculiform hairs. Wings with only two distinct veins, which run nearly parallel, not far from the front border, and the second of which terminates a little above the middle of the tip, and below it a deeply forked vein, apparently much as in Sciara proper.
Length of body, 3.25"™ ; cf antennae, 1'"™ ; of legs, 4.25""" ; of wings,
amni
Green iliver, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 2. (Dr. A. S. Packard )
MYCETOPHILA Meigen. Mycetophila occultata.
PI. 5, Figs. 44, 45, 54, 55.
Mycetophila oeenltata Sondd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, t53 (1877).
A single poorly preserved specimen and its reverse present an upper view of the insect, with the wings folded over the back, the legs crowded together, and the antenna; lying beside the body. T'.ie antennje are about as long as the head and thorax, the joints scarcely longer thp.n broad, nearly cylindrical, scarcely at all moniliform. The legs are comparatively slender, hairy, and unarmed, not very long. The character of the venation shows the insect tc belong to the Mycetophilidae, but what genus is repre- sented is somewhat obscure through doubt of the exact location of some of the veins ; neither the auxiliary vein nor any of the basal veins above it can be seen, nor can the axillary be traced ; judging from the other veins, it is probably allied to Mycetophila, although, in the possible presence o^ a second cross-vein uniting the cubital vein with the extremity of the radial, it should be referred to a distinct genus, probably allied to Empheria and
DIPTB EA— MYCBTOPHILIDiB.
589
Tetragoneura. The presence of a such a vein being doubtful, we have pre- ferred to point out its affinity to Mycetophila. Tlie radial vein ends in the middle of the outer two thirds of the costa, and at its tip a distinct stigma, nearly three times as long as broad, occupies the space between the radial and costal vei-s. The tip of the wing is broken on one specimen and obscured on the other, so that the length of the costal vein can not be deter- mined, although it appears to extend slightly beyond the tip of the cubital vein ; the cubital is connected by the cross- vein to the radial but a short distance from its origin, and bends but little upward from the median vein to reach it ; the middle discal vein, on the contrary, bends downward con- siderably an^ "^ ' « at a distance from the base, less than half-way from the median cross- vein to the tip of tiie radial vein, and an unusually broad space is left between its upper branch and the cubital vein, while .he fork of the hind vein is nearer the base than the separation of the cubital from the median vein.
Length of body, 3.5">" ; antennae, l.l™" ; wings, 3.5""" ; tibiae (of fore legs !), 0.75"'" ; tarsi (of same legs), 0.4"".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, (W. Denton.)
ANATELLA Winnertz.
AnATELLA TaCITA. PL 10, Fig. 13.
A single specimen with damaged wings is referred here. The antennae are as long as the thorax, slender, equal, covered with fine short hairs Tiie legs are long and slender, the tarsi apparently longer than the tibiae, the latter armed apically with a pair of exceedingly long unoqua' spines, and all the legs thickly clothed with rather coarse spinous hairs. Wings dusky, the venation obscure, but apparently as in Anatella, there being no sign of any auxiliary vein beyond the base, the stalk of the upper discoidal vein apparently short and the fork of the lower a Httle further out than that of the upper discoidal vein.
Length of body, 4'°"'; of antennae, l.S""; of tarsi, 1.75""™; of wing (estimated), 3.2""".
Green River, Wyoming, One specimen, No. 14, (Dr. A. S. Packard.)
590 TERTIAltY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
TRICHONTA Winnertz.
Tbichonta dawsoni.
PL 3, Figs. 12, 13. IHckonta (lamoni Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. 8urv. Can., I^T-Vmrc, >.i72 (1877).
A very well preserved though fragrueiitary specimen must unquestion ably be referred to this genus, and is named for its discoverer. The greater part of one wing, the basal half of the other, including between them all the characteristic parts of the neuration, with cushed fragments of the thorax and abdomen, make up the remains of the creature. The veins of the wing are black, especially the upper ones, which are heavMy marked ; the wing is covered with microscopic hairs, and slightly infuscated throughout, but on the apical quarter becomes dark fuliginous. The neuration agrees in every particular, to the minutest degree, with the figure of Trichonta given by Winnertz, excepting that the fifth longitudinal vein forks considerably nearer the base, and the sixth longitudinal vein extends farther into the mid- dle of the wing.
Estimated length of wing, 4.75""" ; breadth of same, 1.85""°.
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. G (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
RYMOSIA Winnertz.
Rymosia stkanoulata.
PL 10, Fig. 2.
A single specimen in which most of the legs and one wing, of which the apex is lost, is all that remains of this species. Unfortunaiely the draw- ing is incorrect in two particulars : the transverse median vein which is at about the middle of the fragment, and is very obscurely preserved, is not given ; and the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is scarcely half so long as represented, although the fork of the lower discoidal vein is still nearer the base. The cubital vein, which must terminate rather far above the apex of the wing, is not in the least bent at the transverse median vein. The legs are hairy and tolerably well though delicately spined.
Probable length of wing, S""".
Green liiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 11 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
I
DII TEBA— M YOETOPHILID^.
591
BRACHYPEZA Winnertz. ^ Bbachypeza abita. PI. 3, Figs. 7, 8. Braohypeza abita Scadd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Sutt. Can., 1875-187C, 271-372 (1877).
This species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse in wliich the wings and an obscure and detached fragment of the abdomen are present. Tlie wing appears to be devoid of markings. The auxihary vein does not fairly impinge upon the first longitudinal vein, but bends toward it and then vanishes ; in other respects the neuration of the base of the wing is precisely as figured by Wirmertz for Brachypeza ; so, too, are the origin, course, and position of all the principal veins and the cross-vein, but the branches of the fifth longitudinal vein unite perhaps a little farther f: ^m the base, viz : scarcely nearer the base than the point of separation of the united third and fourth longitudinal veins from the second ; the sixth longitudinal vein is perfectly straight, and terminates quite as far from the base of the wing as the small transverse vein ; the anal vein is regularly curved, about as long as the sixth longitudinal vein, runs parallel to the border beside it, and terminates on the lowe: margin.
Length of wing, 4""" : breadth of same, 1.35""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 3 and 16 (Dr. Gt. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
i Bbachypeza pboceba.
?
PI. 3, Pig.. U.
Braohypeza preoera Sondd., Bep. Progr. Qeol. Sarv. Can., 1875-1876, 272 (1877).
The single specimen of this species is in a very fair state of preservation, almost the entire neuration of the wings being preserved, as well as frag- ments of the body and other appendages. The wings are fuliginous, more deeply next the coUal border. The neuration of the extreme base is lost, and the remainder differs from that of B. abita only in the lower half of the wing ; the branches of the fifth longitudinal vein unite nearer the base than in that species, resembling, in this respect, the illustration of Brachypeza give'i by Winnertz ; the lower branch curves strongly toward the tip, diverg- ing unusually from the upper branch ; the sixth longitudinal vein is straight,
592
TBRTIAIIY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
and runs far past tho forking of tho fifth voin, fully two-thirds the way to the margin of tho wing ; tho anal vein curves but gently, and appears to vanish before reaching the margin of tho wing.
Length of wing, 3.5"""; breadth of same, 1.5""".
Ouesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 4 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
GNORISTE Meigen.
Gnoriste dentoni.
PI. 5, Figs. 0, 7.
Onoritte dmtoni Sondd., Ball. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Siirv. Turr., Ill, 755 (1877).
A singlo specimen, a little broken, but otherwise in good preservation. The head and thorax are nearly black, the abdomen dark fusco-castaneous. Legs and base of anteniue fuscous. Wings rather narrower at tip than in the Pjuropoan G. apicalis lloffm., hyaliue, covered with microscopic hairs, with a very slight and increasing infuscation toward the apex, the veins testaceous, the costal and second and third longitudinal veins much heavier than the others, and the fifth longitudinal vein with its lower fork scarcely heavier than the veins about it. The extreme tip of both wings is broken, so that the extent of the costal vein can not be seen ; but, in the approach of the proximal end of the fork of the fifth longitudinal vein to the root of the wing, the species agrees with the American G. megarhina O. S. more than with the European species mentioned, for it lies scarcely farther from the base than the transverse vein connecting the first and second longitudinal veins, and slightly nearer than the separation of the third and fourth longi- tudinal veins. Only the basal four joints of the antennae are preserved ; the basal joint is obconic, broadly rounded at the apex, nearly twice as long as broad, the other three cylindrical, the second nearly half as long again iiS broad, the third and fourth less than a third longer than broad. The legs are profusely covered with hairs, but the hinder pair appear to be spineless, except at the apex of the tibia and of each tarsal joint, where there are three or four slender and rather short spines ; the claws are very small and delicate, strongly curved and delicately pointed ; the short tibiae of the front legs, however, have at least a single row of fine, distant spines on the upper (?) edge.
DI PTERA— M YOETOPHl LID^.
593
Length of body, 4.4""" ; first joint of antennse, 0.2""° ; second joint, 0.125"'"'; third and fourthjoints each, 0.1 !"•"'; wingw, 4.5"'"' ; middle (?) tarsi, 2.2""^ ; first joint ot same, LI"" ; second, 0.45"'"" ; third, 0.28"'"' ; fourth, 0.2"'"'; fifth, 0.17"""; claws, 0.038"'"'.
Fossil Caflon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
BOLETINA Stiiger.
^
BoLETINA 8EPULTA. PI. 3, Fig. 9.
BoUiina trpulta Scndd., Rep. Frogr. Geol. Siirv. Citii., 1875-1876, 271 (1877).
A fragment of a single wing and a portion of the abdomen represent this species. It is accompanied b^' Pimpla decessa. The wing is moder- ately broad, and faintly fuliginous ; the costal, auxiliary, and first and second longitudinal veins are heavily impressed, broad, black, and devoid of the microscopic hairs which uniformly cover the membrane of tl:e wing and the other veins ; these latter are faintly impressed, slender, and testa- ceous. The costal vein is bristly ; the base of the wing is broken, so that only the tip of the auxiliary vein can be seen, which terminates on the costal margin scarcely before the small transverse vein; the latter is conspicuously oblique, directed from above, downward and outward ; tiio first and second longitudinal veins are pretty strongly curved downward at tij) ; the veins below these fork a little farther out than in the scheme of Boletina, as figured by Winnertz, and the sixth longitudinal vein terminates just beyond the junction of the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins.
Length of fragment, S.TS""""; estimated length of wing, G"""; breadth of wing, 2.15™".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. S*" (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
Boletina umbratica.
PI. 10, Fig. 3.
From the size of the abdomen, the single specimen known seems to be
a female. A fragment of one antenna is preserved together with parts of
the legs, especially of the tibiae, which are very delicately spined, though
no apical spurs are seen. The hind tarsi of one side are also preserved
VOL xiu 38
694
TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NOUTIl AMKKICA.
Hiul arc (jqunl in loiigth to tho tarsi. The wIii^h hIiuw iixmt of tliu iieura- tion. The auxiliary vein terminates on the costa before the middle of tiie wing opposite the transverse median vein. Tiie radius terminates some distance and the cubitus sh'ghtly before tlie tip of the wing. The upper discoidal vein forks about one-quarter way to the margin, and the lower discoidal before tiie origin of the ujiper discoidal vein.
Length of body, 3.5™"'; of wings, 2.5"'™; breadth of same, 1.1"""; length of hind tibias 1.5""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 37 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
BOLETINA PALUUIVAOA. PI. 10, Fig. 7.
The venation is not c(,.rectly drawn, the auxiliary vein which reaches nearly to the middle of the wing not being shown; the radius should curve U|)ward at the middle of the wing and be connected with the cubital just previous to this curve ; the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is short. The legs are moderately stout but long, densely clothed with delicate hairs, the tibiaj with long apical thorns.
Length of body, 2.5"'"'; of wings, 2.2j>"""; of tarsi, LSo""".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 5, 40 (Dr. A. S.
Packard).
SACKENIA Scudder.
Sackeiiia Scn<l«l., Hull. U. 8. Ocol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 7r>3-7.'")4 (1877).
Body shaped much as in Boletina. Antenna' longer than the thorax, one-fourth slenderer at the apex than near the base, gently curved, 2-+ 14- jointed. Legs ery long and slender; femor.t and tibia? of about equal length; tarsi p iittle longer than the tibia?; the hind tibiae and tarsi together a little longer than the abdomen ; the tibia; with one or two apical spurs beneath and spine'Mhroiighout. Wings rather broad ovate; the smaller veins at the extreme base obliterated in the specimen examined; auxiliary vein ter- minating on the costa beyond the end of tl'e basal third, the first longitudi- nal vein in the nn'ddle of the outer half; the second longitudinal vein is unusually curved downward at the tip, so as almost to reach the apex of the wing ; the united third and fourth longitudinal veins part from the sec- ond very near the base of the wing or within the small transverse vein ;
t
I)II»TKllA— MYCKTOPIIILID.IS.
595
t
they divide iiuar the center of the wing, nnd the fifth mid Hixth longitudinal H8 neui- tiie bHHe an the third nnd fourtii; the uixth longitudinal vein in Htraight, and a])pear8 to reach the margin of the wing.
The genus reHenibles Boletina more tiian any of the genera figured by Winnertz, but ditfern strikingly from it in the approxinuition to the base of the forking of the third and fourth, and of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins. In tliis particular it closely resembles the Sciarina, but on the other hand differs from them to a greater degree in the length of the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins, and in that the former reaches the costa. The costal vein does not appear to pass beyond the tip of the second longi- tudinal vein, but this point is obscure.
I have dedicated this genus to the distinguished dipterologist. Baron Osten Sacken, to whom 1 am indebted for many suggestions in the deter- min-ition of these fossils.
Sackenia arcuata.
PI. 6, Figs. 3, 4, 13, 13.
Sackenia an-uata Sciiilil., Bull. U. 8. Ge<>1. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 754-75.5 (1877) ; in Zlttel, Haiidb. d.
Pulioont., I, ii, 811, Fig. 1088 (ie8,'^>).
This species is represented in part by a female specimen, more than usually well preserved. The body is pale testaceous; the wings wholly hyaline, but the veins faint testaceous; the anteniue are a little longer than the head and thorax together, very slender, of the color of the thorax ; the basal joints are subglobular, slightly broader than long, the remainder twice as long as broad, and beyond the middle of the antenna; slightly monili- form. In the wings, the base of the hinder cell, using Winnertz's terminology, lies within the base of the upper discal cell, both being nearer the base of the wing than the middle transverse vein, while the base of the middle dis- cal cell is far outside of either of these, near the center of the wing. The costal vein appears to terminate where the cubital reaches the margin, and the axillary vein nearly or quite reaches the border. The legs are partly detached, and the basal portion of the front pair obscure, but it looks as though the front tarsi were about three times as long as the front tibiis, which is hardly probable.
Length of body, 5.^5""°; antennae, 2""" ; wings, 4.25""; hind femora, 3""; hind tibiae, 2""; hind tarsi, 2.4"""; fore tarsi, 2"'".
59«
TliUTlAUY IN8E0T8 OF NOUTll AMKKIOA.
A Hocond Hp«cimeii of the namo HpeoiflH is similarly preserved, but lucks the wiiiffs. The lujifs, however, itu l)etter preserved, and show a pair of apieal spurs to tlie tibiic. The aiitentue are iuiperfect, but the pro- boscis is seen. Tiie length of the curved body is a little more than [)J)""". The legs are detached and confused, so that it is inipossil)le to sejMirate the middle and hind legs ; one leg. (a front leg, to judge from its length) has the
fcdlowing meastu'ements: femur 1.2""", tibia, 1.4"'"', tarsi 1.7 '; another
(probably a hind leg): femur 2.J (?)"'"', tibia 2.2r)""", tarsi 1.7.0"""; another (probably the opposite of the same): tibia 2.26"'"', tarsi 1.75""". Appar- ently, all the tarsi are broken. The tibial spines," both in this and the fin t- mentioned specimen are delicate, and a little more than half as long as the thickness of the tibia;.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Two specimens. (\V. Denton.)
Hackknia ? sp. PI. 5. Fig. 5().
Another and far smaller species of Sackenia seems to be indicated by the imperfect fragment of a wing and an obscure body. The third longi- tudinal vein is wrongly drawn as if united to the sect»nd instead of to the fourth. The common stem of the latter is joined to the secoiul very shortly before their union, this being effected nearer the base of the wing than in S. arcuata.
Length of body, 2'"'"; probable length of wing, 1.6"'™.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen, No. 36" (W. Den- ton).
Sackenia. »f\
Sackenia sp. Soiidd., Bull. U. 8. Cool. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., IV, 750 (1878).
A specimen of Mr. Richards jn's collection rej)resents a species of Mycetophilidic apparently belonging to this genus, so far as can be deter- mined. It closely resembles Sackenia arcuata from the White River shales, but diffei's from it in its smaller size and in possessing a proportionally larger and more arched thorax ; the legs also appear to be shorter. Besides the body and (indistinctly) the antennae and legs, only the upper portions of the wings remain, consisting of the costal margin and first and second longi-
>■ r'
^
>■ r'
DIl'TKUA— MYOETOPHILIDJ'J.
597
tiulinnl veinH, with tlio orosH-voiii uniting,' them ; thcHe wholly agree with the Hjune fentiiroB in S. mfuuta, excepting that the wecond longitudinal vela teiniinateH a little higher up.
Length of body, 3.75'"™ ; of wings, 2.9"™
Green River, Wyoming. One npecimen. No. 7 (F. C. A. Richardson).
ANACLINIA Winnertz.
Anaclinia? up. PI. », Pig. la.
Another specimen undoubtedly to be referred to the Mycetophilidai) is figured in PI. 9, Fig. \2, but the fragment of the wing preserved is so obscured by the overlying legs that a nearer determination is imjjossible. It seems, however, to fall in the neighborhood of Anaclinia or Gnoriste, but the weaker parts of the neuration and the «»rigin of the veins are so obscure that no closer deterujination can be made. The first longitudinal vein is longer than usual, reaching to beyond the tip of the wing, and the termina- tion of the second is about midway between that of the first and that of the third. The antennic are moderately slender, about as long as the thorax with cylindrical joints about twice as long as broad.
Length of body, 2.6™™ ; wing, 2.1""».
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 66 (Prof. Leslie A. Lee).
SCIOPHILA Meigen.
SCIOPHILA HYATTII. PI. 10, Pig. 6.
Some fragments of legs and one wing are all that remain of the single specimen of this species. Most of the neuration of the wing, and especially of the more important portions, can be made out, but an error occurs in the drawing, in the omission of the brachial vein, characteristic of this group of MycetophilidsB. The species is peculiar in that the auxiliary vein bends downward and terminates on the radius above the middle cell, showing no branch to the costa. The radius terminates far out toward the tip of the wing. The middle cell is more than twice as long as broad. The cubitus terminates at the extreme wing-tip; the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is
i^
598
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
sliort, not more than lialf as long- aa the middle cell (here again the plare is inaccurate), and the lower discoidal vein forks, apparently, before the base of the upper discoidal stalk, but this point is obscure ; the brevity of the latter is remarkable for a Sciophila.
Length of wing (estimated), 5.5™"'; breadth, 2"'"'.
Named for my learned friend and comrade, Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, of Cambridge.
Green R'ver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 99 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
1'
DIADOCIDIA Ruthd
DiadocidiaI terricola. PI. 10, Figs. 10, 11.
DiadocidiaT terricola Sciuld., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snry. Terr. IV, 750 (1878).
This species is founded upon a single wing found by Mr. Richardson, differing to such a degree from Diadocidia that I place it here only because the only other reasonable course would be to refer it to a new genus, which would necessarily be conjectural, froivi the imperfection of the fragment. If a transverse vein e.xists in the middle of the wing, it must unite the fourth longitudinal vein with the second, and not, as in Diadocidia, with the third. The wing itself is shaped much as in Diadocidia, and, at least near its costal border, is covered with fine hairs arranged in rows parallel to the course of the neighboring veins ; one of these rows .n the costal cell is so distinct aa to appear like a vein parallel to and lying within the auxiliary vein. The auxiliurv vein terminates in the costal margin far beyond the middle of the wing, a feature apparently unknown in Mycetophilidai ; the first longitudinal vein terminates only a little farther beyond, and as in Diadocidia there is no transverse vein connecting them ; the second longi- tudinal vein terminates a little above the apex of the wing, curving down- ward at its extremity and apparently surpassed a little by the marginal vein ; the tliird longitudinal vein originates from the second at only a short distance before the middle of the wing, and soon forks, or at about the middle of the wing ; the fourth longitudinal vein is perhaps connected with the second at the point where it parts with the first by a cross-vein perpen- dicular to the costal margin ; at least, it is elbowed at this point, its basal portion running parallel to the costal margin to the fifth longitudinal vein,
' i '
DIPTEBA— MYCETOPHII-IDJ5.
599
+
which, beyond this point, has a gentle sinuous course, and ri'^erges rather strongly from the fourth; the sixth vein can not be traced, although the axillary field is broad, very much <i8 in Diadocidia, and the inner margin distinct.
Probable length of wing, 3.6"""; its breadth, 1.45"".
Gree.x River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 125 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson).
MyCETOPHILIDiE Spp.
PI. 10, Fig. 12.
Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 750-751 (1878).
Three other speciovS of Mycecophilidae occur among the specimens col- lected by Mr. Bowditch and myself at Green River, Wyoming, but they are indeterminable from their fragmentary condition. One of them. No. 4134 (PI. 10, Fig. 12), has indeed the remnant of a wing, bu*^^ the portion of the venation preserved is only sufficiently characteristic to enable us to judge that it belongs in this family The thorax is strongly arched, and the full and tapering abdomen indicates a female. The head is gone.
Tlie thorax and abdomen are 3.5"" long, and the wing probably 3""' long.
Another of them, from the same place, No. 4114, has a portion of the base of a wing in which the forking of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins is very close to the base, as in Sackania, but nothing more can be said concerning it ; the thorax is very globular and the abdomen short.
Length of thorax and abdomen, 3.65'^^".
The third species is represented by two specimens on one stone (No. 4206) which came from the high butte.s opposite Green River Station, and is the only fly wiiich had the slightest value found In four days' search at that spot. One of the specimens is a pupa and the other an imago, appar- ently of the same species and distinct from either of tiie preceding, witli a longer thorax and slenderer abdomen, provided with large ovate anal lobes.
Length of thorax and abdomen, 5"".
IS
;1
■ i '
(>00
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Family CECIDOMYID^ Westwood.
LASIOPTERA Meigen.
Lasiopteba kecessa.
PI. 5, Figs. 29-31.
Lanioptera rteetia Soiidd., Bull. U. 8. Geoi. Qeogr. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 745-746 (1877).
A single specimen of a minute fly, with the antennae perfect, the body preserved on a side view, with parts of the legs and the wings folded together over the back, raised from the body. The head is moderately large and appears to be a little narrower than the thorax. The antennae show fourteen joints, without counting the bsisal joint, and perhaps one or two more next the base, where the antennaB are parted ; the joints are sub- moniliform, slightly broader than long, subequal ; the last joint subconical, twice as long as broad. The wings show a principal vein, which strikes the costa about the middle, and apparently another, striking the costa Jialf- way between this and the tip, a feature which does not accord with tiie structure of the Cecidomyidie generally ; but the wing at this point is very obscure, so that the appearance may be accidental. Tiie legs are appar- ently about as long as the body and rather slender.
Length of body, 1.4"™; of antennae, O.:™"; wings, 1""".
White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen. (W. Denton.)
LITHOMYZA Scudder (XWo?, jav^co).
rAlliomy:a SoiiiM., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr Snrv. Terr, III, 746 (1877).
Ocelli present. Antennae nine-jointed, scarcely longer than the tnorax, the first joint cylindrical, the remainder submoniliform, ovate, about twice as long as broad, minutely and spars-^ly pubescent. Wings resembling those of Aniu-ete in neuration, but differing considerably in shape, being broadest beyond the middle and tapering toward the base. Tiie first longi- tudinal vein extends beyond the middle of the wing ; the auxiliary vein runs close beside the first longitudinal vein, but only half as far, terminating independently ; the second longitudinal vein extends to the tip of the wing, curving downward in the distal part of it? course ; the third longitudinal vein forks as in Anarete, but the independent or fourth longitudinal vein
Ti
DIPTERA— CEOFDOMYID^.
601
I
beneath it in Anarete is absent from Lithomyza. The tibi* are destitute of spurs, but fuinished with a posterior row of slight, recumbent spines.
Lithomyza condita. PI. 5, Pigs. 34-36.
Lmom!,.aoonMta Soadd.. Bull. U. S.Geol. Geogr. Sary. Terr.. Ill, 746(1877); in Zittel, Handb d
Palaiont. I, ii, 818, Fig. 1089 (lsa5).
Represented by a .single specimen in an unusually perfect condition, although somewhat indistinct. The joints of the antenna are difficult to determine, but with little doubt are nine in number ; although short, they are not so abbreviated as in Anarete, the joints being twice as long as broad ; toward the tip, they grow smaller. The legs are long and bristly. The fork of the third longitudinal vein is at the center of the wing, and nearer the base than the extremity of the first longitudinal vein. There is a faint indication of a transverse vein between the first and second longi- tudinal veins, about .nidway between the fork of the third longitudinal vein and its separation from the second. There is also a faint and very doubt- ful indication of an oblique cross- vein just beyond the. transverse vein men- tioned, running from the first longitudinal vein to the costa.
Length of body, 2.7"""; of antennae, 0.76'""'; of wings, 2"'™; fore legs, O.TC?)"""; middle legs, 2-"'; hind legs, 2.4»»; hind tibi-^, 0.56"""; hind tarsi, 1.28"".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen. (W. Denton.)
I
No Lepidoptera have as yet been found in the American Tertiaries, excepting at Flopssant. The bnttei-flies have been described in the Eighth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey and the heterocerous mem- bers will be discussed at another time. Here there is place only for the single species accidentally figured with the Trichoptera.
Family TINEID^C Leach.
Tineidae are not rare in amber, Menge having in his collection sixty- nine specimens, of which one was a caterpillar and two were pupse, but they have not been studied. Gravenhorst also mentions a Tinea in amber, and Presl describes one species. Gerrnar long ago figured a large Ypsolophus from the Rhenish brown coal, and Heyden from the same beds figures the larval mine of a Nepticula. Finally, Kawall described a Tineites from " Bergkrystall " at Ufalei in Siberia. The single species here found may be referred, at least provisionally, to Psecadia, and though smaller than Germar's Ypsolophus, is a large insect (for this family), resembles it not a little, belongs to the same group, and is remarkably preserved.
PSECADIA Hiibner.
To this group I temporarily refer a remarkably well preserved moth, which may very properly be better relegated to a distinct genus, on account, in part, of the brevity of the first antennal joint. Its close rela- tionship to Psecadia and Depressaria can hardly be contested, though the neuration can not be traced. It is a large tineid, like those of these two groups, and it is tolerably plain that Gevmar's Ypsolophus insignia is nearly related; an interesting fact, since the single fossil species of Tineidae fairly known in Europe is thus found to be closely related to the single species known in America.
TjBPIDOPTBRA— TINBID^.
603
PSECADIA MORTUELLA.
PI. 15, Figs. 12, 17.
A single specimen has been found with its reverse. The insect is pre- served lying upon its side, and though the neuration can not be seen from the wing having been heavily scaled, the whole of the antenna; and most of the palpi, tongue, and legs are well preserved. The palpi are closely recurved over the head, the middle joint apparently of about the eame length as the apical joint, compact but heavily clothed, nppressed to the front, reaching the summit of the eye, the apical joint very slender and pointed, directed at last backward, reaching the back of the head Antenna? fully two-thirds as long as the wings, slender, naked, gentl}' tapering, the basal joint stout, rounded apically, not over twice as long as broad, the succeeding joints uniformly cylindrical, about twice as long as broad, trans- versely sulcate in the middle, as if made of two subjoints, relatively a little longer near the middle of the antennae than at the two extremities, the sec- ond joint three-fourths the diameter of the first and only as long as broad. Tongue at least as long as the middle femora, with no sign of squamation at the base anteriorly. Wings fully thiee times as long as broad, the apex roundly but acutely angulate, all heavily squamate. It is difficult to make out what the markings may have been, but it would appear that the wings were grizzly with an interrupted series of small darker spots along the proximal half of the costa, and another series down the middle of the wing on its distal half The legs are not very long, the fore legs somewhat shorter than the middle pair f>nd much slenderer, the tarei considerably shorter than the femora, and fully as much longer than the short tibia. The middle legs are very much shorter than tlie hind pair, the tibia and tarsi of equal length and each about three-fourths as long as the broad femur; the tibia armed apically with a pair of excessively long spurs. The hind legs can not be fully determined, but the tarsi are about twice as long as the middle tarsi, and the dor.'ole series of tibial spurs as long as those of the intermediate tibiae.
Length of body, 12.5"""; wings, 10.2°""; probable spread of wings, 25™"'; length of antennae, S""; fore femora, 2""; tibiae, l.S"""; tarsi, 1.7"""; middle femora, 2.3"'"'; tibiae, l.Ta™"; tarsi, I.TS""; hind tarsi, S-S""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8460 and 9630.
HYMENOPTER^ Linn^.
Tribe TEREBRANTIA^ Latreille.
Family TENTHREDINID^ Leach. TAXONUS Dahlbom. / Taxonus nortoni. PI. 10, Figs. 26, 27.
A fairly preserved specimen and its reverse, showing a dorsal view with most of a front wing, but neither legs nor antennae. The head and tho- rax are dark, unusually dark for specimens on this stone, but the abdomen is much ligiiter, almost uniformly so, but showing the sides » little duskier. The veins of the wings and the stigma are uniformly dusky. The first discoidal cell is almost uniformly rhombic, the cross-vein separating it from the sec- ond discoidal cell being unusually long. The first inner apical nervure falls exactly below the middle of the first discoidal cell and the lanceolate cell has a strongly oblique cross nervure terminating opposite the inner end of the same discoidal cell.
Le.^2;th of body, 7.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5""" ; length of wing, T"""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 22 and 140 (Prof L. A. Lee).
Family CHALCIDID^E Walker.
DECATOMA Spinola. / Decatoma antiqua. PI. 10, Figs. 20!, 31.
Decatoma antiqua Sondd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 749 (1878).
On the same stone as Lystra richardsoni, but at a slightly higher level, is a minute chalcid fly. The wings are lacking, but the whole of the body is preserved, together with the an^onnae. The head is large, arched, and
604
., \
., \
hyIik
HYIKNOPTBRA— BIIAOONED.B.
605
otherwiHe well rounded, the face tapering below, the eyes large, deep, with their inner borders nearly parallel, leavitig an equal front ; the base of the antennae can not be made out, but beyond the long basal joint are six nearly equal quadrate joints, increasing very slightly indeed in size away from the head, scarcely so lon;jr as broad, the spiral joint subconical, scarcely longer than the penultimate. Thorax compact, globose, minutely granulated like the head ; the abdomen also compact, arched, the tip rounded ; beyond it the ovipositor extends very slightly, apparently by pressure.
On another stone, collected by M* Richardson, is pretty certainly another specimen of this species, in which the ai)domen is distorted by press- ure ; the abdomen shows this by the rupture of the integument, and the result is an apparently slenderer abdomen ; it is also a female, with exactly the same parts preserved, with the addition of the other antenna ; but both antennae are more obscure than in the other specimen, especially at the apex ; they appear, however, to enlarge more rapidly and may be clavate at the tip, in which case the insect can not be the same.
Length of body, (of No. 4076), 1.85"""; of abdomen, 0.25'"'^; of antennae beyond basal joint, 0.4""' ; width of penultimate antennal joint, 0.045""".
Green River, Wyoming. Two spec mens, Nos. 407(] (S. H. Scudder^, 86 (F. C. A. Richardson).
Family BRACONIDvE Haliday. CALYPTITES Scudder.
Calyptitei Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1876-1877, 270 a878).
This name is proposed for a genus of fossil Braconidse, which seems to be distinct from any described living forms. It is related to Calyptus, but differs from it in the neuration of the front wings, mainly in the shortness of the first submedian cell, the division between which and the second sub- median cell lies much before the lower extremity of the first median cell; and still more in the shape and position of the first subcostal and second median cellsj the vein which separates them is in straight continuity with that separating the sc/ud subcostal and third median cells, so that the sub- costal cells and the median cells lie in parallel lines along the longer diam-
606
TEUTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
eter of tlio wliiji^ ; tlie Hucund median coll is scjircely more than half as large as the first subcostal cell, subquadrate, broadest below ; the first subcostnl cell is angulate, but broadly oval, its larger diameter along the wing almost twice as lotii; as broad.
^
X Calyptites antediluvianum. PI. 3, Pig. 32.
' i 1
Calsptitet anlediluHanum Sciiild., Rnp. I'rogr. Qeol. Siirv. Cnii., 187«^187y, 270 (187^) ; in Zittel,
Haixlb. d. Palii'ont, I, ii, 816, Fit;. UOU (1H8:>).
Represented by a single fore-wing in perfect preservation. It is uni- formly and scarcely infumated, the anal cell decidedly fuliginous, the ptignux also fuliginous and centrally infuscated ; as preserved on the stone the veins are pale and delicately edged with black and accompanied by a very narrow and delicate infumated margin, especially in the basal and lower halves of the wing; the median vein does not reach the i.iargin of the wing next the anal excision, but bends and runs in a straight course to the outer border ; the second median cell has numerous brief shoots from the nerv- ures along its lower and outer margins, and one is found at the middle of the upper margin of the second subcostal cell, and another below the n)id- dle of the vein separating the first and second subcostal cells.
Length of wing, 6™"'; breadth of the «ame beyond the costa, 2.1™"'.
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 7 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
BEACON Fabricius.
Jf BrACON LAMINAKUM. PI. 10, Fig. 29. Jiracon laminarum Scndd., niiU. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Snrv. T«rr., IV, 748 (1878).
A single specimen and its reverse show a body without wings or other appendages. The head is (piadrate, broader than long, and nearly as broad as the thorax. The thorax is subquadrate, either extremity rounded, about half as long again as broad, the sides nearly parallel, and the surface, like that of the head, miinitely granulated; abdomen fusiform, very regular, in the middle as broad as the thorax, as long as the head and thorax together, tapering apically to a point, and composed apparently of six segments.
It
1
/^
JU
\
M
1
HI
H YM ENOPTE RA— lillACON 1I>^.
607
Length of body, 2.S"""; of liead, O-G""'; of thorax, 0.85"""; of abdo- men, 1.35"""; breadth of head, l.l"'™; of thorax, 1.2"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4196 and 4197 (S. H. Scudder).
Bbacon ap. PI. 3, Fig. 33.
hrmonw. Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. £„rv. Can., 1877-1878, 177B (1879).
An insect apparently belonging to Bracon or a closely allied genus is so imperfectly preserved as not to allow of description ; both the front wings are very imperfect ; the whole of the body and fragments of the legs are preserved.
The insect was 4"'"" long, and the length of the front wing about 2.85"'". Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 69 and 78 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
Bkaconid^ sp. PI. 10, Fig. 18.
Probably belonging to this family is the insect figured on PI. 10, Fig. 18, which represents a minute species preserved on a partially lateral, par- tially dorsal view. Unfortunately the wings are nearly obliterated, and though the general appearance of the insect is gained, it is impossible to determine its place. Its size and general appearance would seem to indi cate that it belongs here rather than in the Iihneumonidse, and it perhaps falls in the vicinity of Laccophrys Forst. and of Macrocentrus Cress.
Length of body, 3™" ; of antennae as far as preserved, 2"" ; of oviposi tor, l.S"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 130 (Dr. A. S. Packard)
BRACONIUiE sp. PI. 10, Fig. 28.
To this family rather than to the Ichneumonidae also probably belongs the specimen figured in PI. 10, Fig. 28, but of which, the antennae and ovi- positor being the only well preserved parts, not enough remains to indicate any affinities with certainty. Perhaps it may fall near Meteorus.
608
TERTIARY INSECTS OF UORTU AMERICA.
Leiigtli of body, 4.r)""" ; of (broken) antennoe, 3"" ; of ovipositor (base wnntinjf), 2 5""".
Green River, Wyominfr. One specimen. No. 133 (Dr. A. S. Packanl).
Family ICHNEUMONIDvG Leach. ICHNEUMON Linnd. i>f Ichneumon petbiniis. PI. 6, Figs. 14, 16.
Ichneumon pelriiiui 8cnild., Hull. IT. S. Geul. Geot;!'. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 743 (1877).
A fragmentary specimen, preserved on a dorsal aspec' parts of the front wings, the thorax, and basal lialf of tlie abdomen are preserved. The body is blackisli and the wing-veins testaceous; the wing, excepting tlie fiisco-testaceoiis stigma, is liyalii e, covered sparsely with very delicate and moderately long hairs; the stigma is long and slender, the heaver main portion about two and a half times longer than broad, the slender basal extension as long again. Unfortunately, the wing is preserved only as far as, but not including, the areola, so that many characteristic parts are lack- ing ; the second median and first subcostal cells are united, the vein separat- ing them being present only below, where it is directed parallel to the principal longitudinal veins ; the vein from which it springs is bent at an angle of about 70°, so that the part representing the first subcostal cell tapers rather rapidly in its apical half, while its basal half (if the cross-vein were continued) would be of the same size and shape as the second median cell, or a parallelogram nearly twice as long as broad ; the vein separating the first and second median cells is continued in a nearly direct line below; the third mediq.n cell is long and rather slender, with somewhat produced angles basally. The first segment of the depressed abdomen is fully half as long again as broad, increases a little and regularly in size toward the extremity, at its base is about half y ' broad as the extremity of the thorax, and at its tip less than half as broad as the broadest part of the thorax ; the second segnient is cojisideral)ly larger, and also enlarges apically, but its length is indeterminate.
Length of thorax, 2.0™™; breadth of same, 1.5"""; length of wing to tip of stigma, 4.2.5"""; breadth of base of abdomen, O.V"™. .
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton),
mi .Mi
llVMKN'UI"rKRA--ICJUNKUMUNII>.l':.
«0D
..
Tliiii genuH of Ichiitiiuiionidiu \n undoubtedly allied to ExyHtoii, but diffoi'H from it, hh it does from all members of the family kiio'vn to iiio, l»y the separation of the first from the second cubital cell by u weak nervuro, not shown in the plate, which extends entirely across the space usually left open in this family, though almost always dosed in the HraconidH\ It is also remarkable for th(> flaring of the apical cubital cell. The antenna*, are shorter than the bod}' and the abdomen has the basal joint comparatively stout, considerably onlargin<^, and the subapical joints more than twice as broad as long.
•< IjiTMccroKim <;ke8honi. I'l. 10, Fi).'. 'Jl.
The single specimen is preserved on a dide view in which all the parts but the legs are preserved, but the wings are somewhat obscured by over- lapping. Apparently, the areola is not closed externally, and the outer cubital cell is opened unusually wide, while the radial cell is exceptionally deep for its length ; the parts below the areola are obscure. The antenna^! are moderately stout, reaching to the middle of the abdomen, the joints scarcely moniliform, twice as long as broad. The thorax is compact oval, "^^riie abdomen beyond the basal joint is as long as the head and thorax together ; the basal joint is more than twice as broad apically as at the base and less than twice its greatest breadth. The whole body, but especially the thorax, is dark colored.
Length of body, 4™"' ; of antennju, 3"'"' ; of wing, 3°"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 131 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
1
lillYSSA (Jraveahorst. «. Rhyssa juvenis.
JBmg^s.'
PI. 10, Fig. 19.
Although smaller than any species I have noted, and nmch smaller
than most known to me, I can find no characters in this single specimen
which do not occur in Rhyssa, except in the relative ])roportion8 of the tiio-
rax and abdomen. The specimen is preserved on a side view and in a gen-
voT, xFii ;{!»
610
TERTIAKY IN8KUT8 OF NORTH AMERICA.
ernl wfty hHowh cvorytliiiijf except tlut logn ; but the Imsnl partn of the mnf(n lire olwcured on arcoinit of their overlying the l>o«ly, and give the ronminder a foreHhorten(><l look. The untennie are tohfraljly stout, a portion longer than the large tiiorax being prescrviMl, with jointN a little more than twice aH long again aH broad. The thorax is largo, niaH8iv<>, arehed, twice aH high an the hear), regularly ovpte, and halt' as long again an high. The wings are toler- ably broad, and the neuration in nhnvMrod by the overlying of the wings and the crumpling of Home of them ; it hIiowh, however, a h "" tirHt cubital cell separated from the second by a minute triangular areola attached by itH apex directly to the radius, with uo intervening pedicel, and containing a brief, outward directed, recurrent nervule emitted from the cubital vein slightly nearer the areola than the outer discoidal cell. The abdomen is very obscure, but is certainly very short — no longer than head and abdo- men together — and appears not to be broailest apically, but only a little beyond the middle ; but this can not be stated positively. The ovipositor is considerably longer than the body, stout and straight; it is densely clothed with fine, short, rcumbent hairs to its very tip.
Length of body, 8"""; of thorax, a.3""" ; of abdomen, 4"""; height of thorax, 'i.l"'"' ; length of wing, 6.25"""; breadth of same, 2.25"""; length of oviposit .)r, O™"; breadth of same, 0.25"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 129 (Dr. A. 8. Packard).
PIMPLA Fa))riciu8.
/j PjMPLA 8AXEA.
PI. 3, Fig. 23. I'implaiaxea ScadU., Rep. Progr. Ueul. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 268 (1877).
This species is represented by a single specimen presenting a shattered thorax, the first four abdominal segments viewed from above, and the front wing. These abdominal segments are pi'etty uniform and regular, rather strongly convex, pale testaceous, with a broad, blackish fuscous, basal, transverse band, occupying fully one-third of each segment ; the segments are quadrate, broader than long, an<l smooth. 'Hie metathorax is pale tes- taceous, and very delicately scabrous. The wing is uniformly hyaline, or shows the slightest trace of infumation, especially at the extreme tip, and is uniformly and rather sparsely covered with microscopic liairs, averaging
:.
n YMBNOPTKR A-ICHNEUMON n>ifl.
rtll
0.04'""' in length in tlio ♦liinl median coll, seatod upon little chitinoiw nnnuli O.OOK""" in diameter ; the veins are black, and tlie banal part of the Htigma Idack, but beyond it \h dark funco-castaneouH ; die caHtaneouH portion (lying beyond the tip of the first median cell) in three times as long as broad, ex- tending half-way down the upper border of the first subcostal cell ; the third costal cell is conjparatively narrow at tip, and the tip of the wing is somewhat pointed ; the vein separating the areola or sevjond subcostal coll from the third costal cull is partially obliterated, and the areola is rather small, sub- quadrate, broadest at the open side ; there is the slightest possible trace of the lower extremity of the vein separating the united first subcostal and second median cells, but the vein bordering the upper side of the third median cell is perfect throughout ; the vein separating tlie third and fourth median cells is gently curved, subsinuato and partially obliterated in tlie middle.
Length of fragment of body, 5.6'""'; length of wing, 8.75"""; breadth of wing be} iiid stigma, 2.9"""'; greatest width'of third costal cell, 0.35"'"'.
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 31 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). "
M *«' PiMPLA SENECTA.
PI. 3, Pigs. 29-31. Pimpla teneeta Scndd., Hop. Progr. Oeol. Snrv. Cnii., 1875-1876, 26^269 (1877).
A single specimen and ics reverse show little besides the greater part of the front wing and the tip of the liind wing ; crushed chitinous masses rep- resent parts of the abdomen, and perhaps of the thorax ; the wing is uniformly hyaline, with the slightest possible trace of infumation next the base, and is profusely covered with tapering microscopic hairs, averaging 0.065'"" in length in the third median cell, seated upon minute chitinous annuli O.Ol"" in diameter ; the veins are black, or toward the tip and on the hind wing cas- taneous, and the stigma is dark testaceous ; most of the stigma is broken, but enough remains to show that it is apparently not so broad as in the other species here described, and it extends less than half-way down the upper bor- der of the first subcostal cell ; apically the third costal cell is comparatively broad, and the tip well rounded ; the vein separating the areola from the third costal cell is nearly obliterated, and the areola is rather small, and shaped as in P. saxea ; there is no trace whatever of the vein separating the united
i
I
612
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
first siibcoattil and second niodisin cells, although the. vein above the third median cell is bent whore it ciiould join it, as in the preceding species; the same vein is j)artialh' obliterated in the middle of the jjortion below the first subcostal cell ; the vein separating the third and fourth median cells is strongly curvetl, siibsimnite and distinct throughout.
I^ength of wing, 8,4""": breadth be\ond the stigma, 2.4"""; greatest width of the third cfjstal cell, 0.4"'"'. Kormit-a arcana lies on the same stone.
Quesu'^l, Hritish (Columbia. One specimen, Nos. lo'' and 12 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
^ PlMPLA DEOESSA. ri. 3, Fig. 27. Pimpla dectiia Soiidil., Kep. Pi->gr. Ueol. S.irv. Cau., 187i>-ld7<>, 269 (1877).
The remains of this insect consist of crushed thorax and abdomen, nr.d the two wings of one side of the body, vsuperimposed ; upon the same stone, at a slightly higher level, is t!ie specimen of Holetina sepulta. The thorax and abdomen are entirely crushed and black, but the last segment of the latter bears the closest possible resemblance to the abdomen of the male of Pimpla instigator Fabr. The wing is uniformly infumatod, and the margins of the anal excision infuscated ; it is covered very profusely with short microscopic tapering hairs, more irregularly distributed than in the other two species described, averaging in the third median cell 0.03™"' in length, and seated on chitinous aiunili varying in size, some being but half as large as others, the larger ones measuring about O.OO?'""' in diameter; the veins are black and the large triangular stigma almost as dark, a little paler toward either extremity ; the stigma is about twice as long as broad, and extends more than half-way down the upper border of the first subcostal cell, the vein being partially obliterated beyond it ; the third costal cell is rather narrov. apically, although the tip of the wing is pretty well rounded. The species may readily l»v^ distinguished from those described above by the shape of the areola, which is prettx regularly (juadrat<>, twice as lo?'.g as l)road, and has the vein next the third costal cell obliterated only at the ends; there is no trace of the vein separating the united firsi subcostal and second median «'ells, and the vein scpanvting these cells from the third median cell is bent in the middl(% iind nearly obliterated in the middle half;
M
\
\'
HYMENOPTKRA -lOHNEUMONID^.
313
the vein separating the third and fourth median cells is strongly curved, not at all sinuate, and slig-htly indistinct at its upper extremity.
Length of fragment of body, 8.5™'" ; length of wing, 7.7""" ; breadth of same beyond the stigma, 2.6""" ; greatest width of third costal cell, 0.27"'".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 9* (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
GLYPTA Gravenhorst. •^Glypta transversalis.
PI. 10, Fig. 2.5,
The single specimen is preserved on a dorsal view, with the upper right wing turned forward and reversed. The flaking of the stone in front has destroyed the antennsB, no legs are preserved, and the apical portion of the abdomen is altogether obscure ; no ovipositor can be seen. The general disposition of the neuration is altogether as in all the figures of Glypta I have seen, but there are several points in it wherein it differs from all of them. The basal cubital cell is much. less elongated than usual by the comparatively slight extension of the apical portion of the cell beneath the stigma, consequent upon the brevity of tlie basal portion of the radius ; the basal discoidal cell is also unusually shoii and the cross-vein separating the middle and apical discoidal cells straight and not zigzag. The eyes are large and promirient, and by the preservation of the specimen it is evident that they shared in the considerable variegation of the body by being of n light color with a l)asal dark annulus, next which the head was again light, with a dark central portion relieved by a posterior transverse light belt. The thorax was similarly ornamented, the mesothorax having dark sides and a broad mesial light band enlarging posteriorly and anteriorly, but divided by a middle dark line which expands in front and behind to a stripe. The metathorax is mostly light with a mesial dai'k stripe. The abdomen is light, but with the lateral prominences at the base of the earlier joints peculiar to Glypta (here transverse instead of obliquely longitudinal) of a dark color; these prominences are largest on the first and second segments, where they nearly touch in the middle, and especially on the second segment, where they are twice as broad as on the others, slightly oblique, but directed
614
TBUTIAUY INSECTS OF NOllTH AMEUICA.
inward and backward (not forward) and reticulated as if more or less punc- tate in life. The head, thorax, and abdomen are of about equal width.
Length of wing, 4.5""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 76 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
ECLYTUS Holmgren.
/K
CLYTUS LUTATUS.
IM. 10, Fifv. 24.
The single specimen is preserved on a side view, with one wing droop- ing. A portion of the moderately stout autennse is preserved, showing them to be at least nearly as long as the body, and the middle joints to be rather more than twice as long as broad. The neuration of the wing is obscure about and below the region of the areola, which appears to be lacking, the direction of the cubital vein from its extremity backward being toward the a -gle of the radius beyond the stigma; before this junction the cubitus is more curved than represented on the plate ; tlie obscurity prevailing in that region does not permit one to see the cross-vein below the position of the areola with clearness, but there is a faint indication of a straight vein depend- ing from that point ; the separation of the second discoidal and humeral cells is by a straight, scarcely oblique cross-vein in direct continuation of the vein above and not shown on the plate. The neuration of the hind wing is exactly as in all species of Eclytils. The abdomen is evidently compressed laterally, pediceled by the apically enlarging long first segment, the remainder oblong ovate on a side vie'v, most expanded beyond the mid- dle, a little more than twice as long as high ; ovipositor scarcely so long as the extreme height of the abdomen.
Length of body, 3.5""" ; of wing, 'i.GS"" ; cf ovipositor, 0.65""".
The species apparently differs from those figured by Snellen van Vol- lenhoven in his Pinacographia in that the cubital vein meets the radius by a union of similar but reversed angles.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 36 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
t
t
r
HYMENOPTERA— MYRMICIDiE.
615
t
Tribe A.OULEA.TA. Latreille.
Family MYRMICID>C Lepelletier.
APH^NOGASTER Mayr.
•^Aphanooasteb long^:va. PI. 3, Fig. 28. Aphnnogatter longara Soadd., Rep. Progr. Geol. (ieogr. Murv. Cnn., 1875-1876, 2fi7(1877).
A single very obscure and fragmentary specimen, and its still more obscure reverse, are the sole representatives of this species ; they exhibit a crushed and confused mass of head, thorax, legs, and antennae, and the larger part of a single front wing, apparently of a male. The wing is faintly infumated, especially beyond the stigma, and the stigma itself is only a little deeper in tint ; the wing is also covered very sparsely with excessively delicate and very short microscopic hairs. The cubital vein forks beyond the discoidal cell by only one-thirdthe width of the latter, and both the veins run to the tip of the wing, although very faintly. This cell is shaped exactly as in A. berendti Mayr, found in amber, and is distant from the scapular vein by only half its width ; the costal margin of the wing is more convex beyond the stigma th;m in the amber species mentioned.
The base of the wing is lost, but its probable length is 7™", and its greatest breadth is 2 3"" ; length of stigma, 0.8""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 33 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
MYRMICA Latreille.
Myrmica sp. PI. 10, Fig. 22.
Mgrmica gp. Soudd., Bu'l. L. S. Geol. Geogr. .Surv. Terr., IV, 748 (1878).
A species of this family was found at Green River, but a specific name is withheld in the hope of finding better material on which to base it. The head is rather small, circular ; the thorax very regularly ovate and nearly twice as long as broad ; the peduncle small and composed of two adjoining
616
TKRTlAltY INSKCTS OK NOKTII AMKUICA.
eii'cular inaHHes, the hinder slifrhtly thn larger ; tlie abdomen is much broker '> it evidently larj^er than the thorax and pretty plnnii) ; no append- ages aio preserved.
Length of body, ii.3""' ; diameter of head, 0.4""" ; length of thorax, 12"""; width of same, 0.15'"'"; length of peduncle, 0.25™™; diameter of anteri>or joint of same, 0.1™™; width of abdomen, 0.85™™; its probable length, 1.8™™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 53 (F. i). A. Rich- ardson).
Family FORMIClD>E Stephens.
HYPOCLINEA Mayr.
(IjJ^HyPOCUNEA OBLITKRATA. Fl. 3, Figs. 25, 26. Hypnclinea obliterala Scudd., Rop. Progr. Oeol. Ceogr. Surv. Can., 1875-187fi, 267 (1877).
There are two specimens to be referred to Hypoclinia, and both are very fragmentary. One (No. 8) consists of the partial remains of the wings of one side overlapping; the other (No. 14) of similar remains, but so faintly impressed on the stone that some of the veins can not be traced at all, and since in all essential features it agrees with the njore distinct fragments, I have considered it as belonging to the same species, although it is of slightly greater size.
The essential portions of the fore wing remain, showing the neuration to be that of Hypoclinia; the second cubital cell is triangular, and the vein which marks its outer limit arises from the uj)per branch of the cubital vein a little beyond the cross- vein depending from the stigma ; the discoidal cell is of about the same size as the second cubital cell, and is subquadrate, the vein marking its outer margin a little curved, and the apex of the cell itself separated by but a short space from the base of the second cubital cell. The scapular vein is more darkly colored than the others, and a faint fuligi- nous cloud appears to surround the rather dark stigma.
Length of fragment of wing, 5™" ; distance from base of wing to tip of stigma, 4™™.
Quesnel, British Columbia. Two specimens, Nos. 8, 14 (Dr. Gr. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
II
HYMENOl'TKRA— KOKMlClD.i:.
617
H
I
LIOME'IOI'UM Mayr.
•^ LlOMETOPUM PINOUE. PI. 5, Fig. 10.
Uoimtopiim pingiie Sciidi'.., Bull. II. S. fieol. Ooogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 742-74:5 (1877).
The single specimen representing' this species is a male, as tlie number
of abdominal segments show ; but the wings are lacking. The insect is
viewed from above. The head and thorax are slightly darker than the
abdomen, but otherwise the whole body is u.iiformly fuscous, somewhat
darker than the stone. The head is very small, subqtiadrate, slightly
broader behind, and the posterior angles nearly rectangular ; the anterior
margin of the head is broadly and pretty regularly rounded, and the whole
head is of about equal length and breadth. The thorax is very regularly
ovate, broadest next the insertion of the front wings (traces of the origin of
which can be seen), nearly twice as long as broad, rapidly tapering on the
metathorax. The peduncle, as seen from above, is square, half as broad as
the head, the hinder edge showing by its thickening that it was probably
elevated at this point. The abdomen is plump, rounded ovate, scarcely less
rounded posteriorly than in front, only one (juarter longer than broad,
broader than the thorax, composed of six segments, of which the first, third,
and fourth are about equal in length, and the second half as long again.
Length of whole body, 7.5""" ; of thorax, 'A""" ; breadth of same, 1 .8"""' ; of peduncle, 0.9™"'; of al)domen, 2.^"""'; length of hind femora, 4.;}"'"'; breadth of same, 0.30""".
On account of the smalln'jss of the head, I venture to place this insect in the genus Liometopum. It has the aspect of a Hypoclinea, but the head is only half as broad as the thorax.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen. (W. Denton.)
A specimen from Green iiiver, of i)recisely the same si^se and general appearance and pretty certainly belonging to the same species, is also wing- less and has no legs preserved, but the thorax is rather profusely clothed with exceedingly delicate very short hairs.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 2()2 (Dr. A. S. Packard),
o
618
TEUTIARV INSKCT8 OF NORTH AMERICA.
k
FORMICA Linnd "'^Formica arcana. PI. 3, Fig. 24. Formica arcana Soiidd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, a66-267 (1877).
A single fragment of a wing, exhibiting, liowever, all the important parts of the neuration, is to be referred to the genn.s Formica (s str.) Pimpla senecta lies on the same stone. The discoidal cell is of medium size, siibquadrate, a little broader below than above; the single closed cubital cell is about three times as long as the discoidal cell, being a little produced (to considerably less than a right angle) at the tip, where the transverse vein, coming obliquely from the stigma, strikes the cubital vein exactly where it branches, forming a minute stigma, from which four veins radiate almost symmetrically; the wing is of a uniform, faint fuliginous color, the stigma of medium size, darkest along its lowest border, and all the veins dark, the scapular vein even black, and margined on its apical half with testaceous.
The wing is 3""" in width, from the anal emargination to the base of. the stigma, and the tip of the basal internomedian cell is 4.25™" distant from the apex of the closed cubital cell, making it probable that the entire length of the wing was nearly 12""°.
Quesnel, British Colunil)ia. One specimen. No. 10" (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
LASIUS Fabricius.
Lashis tkrreus.
PI. 10, Fig. 23.
Lasiiia trrirua Scudd., BuU. IT. S. Geo). Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 747-748 (1878).
A single speciimen obtainod by Dr. Hayden at the " Petrified Fish Cut," Green River (alluded to in his i-un Pictures of Rocky Mountain Scenery, page 98), is probaljly to be referred to this genus, but is in rather a poor state of preservation. The head is small and rounded, with antennae shaped as in Lasius, but of which the number and relative length of the joints can not be determined from their obscurity ; the long basal joint, however, ap- pears to be comparatively short and uniform in size, being not quite so long as the width of the head, while the rest of the antenna' is more than half as
HYMENOPTERA—FOBMIOIDu^E.
619
long as the basal joint, and thickens very slightly toward the apex. The thorax, preserved so as to show more of a dorsal than a lateral view, is com- pact, oval, less than twice as long as broad, with no deep separation visible between the meso- and metathorax, tapering a little posteriorly. 'I^he pe- duncle, as preserved, is a minute circular joint, but from its discoloration appears to have had a regular, rounded, posterior eminence. The abdomen consists of five joints, is very short oval, very compact and regular, and of about the size of the thorax, although rounder. The legs are long and slender, the femora of equal size throughout, and aii^he pairs similar. There is no sign of wings, and the specimen is probably a neuter.
Length of body, 7.5""' ; of head, 1.4""" ; of thorax, 3.2"" ; of abdomen, 2.9""" ; breadth of head, 1.1"" ; o^ thorax, 1.9"" ; of abdomen, 2.2"" ; diam- eter of peduncle, 0.55""; length of first joint of antenna?, 1"'"; of rest of antennae, 1.65"" I.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14692 (Dr. F. V. Hayden).
CAMPONOTUS Mayr. i^Camponotus vetus. PI. 5, Figs. 1, 2. Camponotiit retu$ Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 742 (1877).
A single specimen, very fairly preserved, lying upon the side ; a rem- nant of one wing is left, and a faint indication of the antenna;, but the legs are wanting. The head has a flat summit, the upper half of the aides roundly protuberant, the lower half rather broad, and tapering but little ; the thorax is long and moderately slender, compacted into a single mass, with a low arch, more than twice as long as liigh. The first segment of the abdomen increases rapidly in size posteriorly, and has a rounded knob above at its hinder end ; the abdomen is long and slender, composed of five joints, the second the largest, gradually tapering to the pointed tip. It seems to agree better with Camponotus than with any other genus, but has a differently shaped head and first abdominal joint, and is smaller than tlie species of that genus, so that it is only placed liere provisionally until other and better specimens are obtained.
Length of body, 3.75""; of thorax, 1.15""; of abdomen, 2"".
White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton).
i
620
TKKTIAIIV INSI'UrrS OF NOKTIl AMEUIOA.
Family SPHEGID^ Westwood. DIDINEIS Wesmael.
DiDINEIS 80LIDE8CEN8.
PI. i(>, Fig. m.
The body of the single specimen known is preserved on a side view but partially dorsal, and though the antenna; and legs are destroyed, the wings are tolerably well preserved. There is, however, no sign of any spine on the sides of the metanotum, the thorax hero appearing to be well rounded ; nor would the abdomen apj)ear to l)e so closely narrowed at the base as in Didint.is. The neuratiou of the wings agrees very closely with that of Didineis lunicornis Fabr. sp., (except in the very nnich larger size and sub- triangular shape of the marginal cell, the width of which is nearly one-third that of the wing. The middle discoidal cell also is remarkable for its ex- treme length, being at least three times as long as its basal breadth. The body is not very darkly colored on the stone, being of a rather pale testa- ceous tint, but the apical half or less of the abdominal segments are paler than the rest.
Length of body, 7""" ; of wing, 5.25""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 132 and 263 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
LIST OF SPECIES.
KsmtmrnmiisauMJuMSmiii^^ -^^tmaegmiKsmm
022
TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEKIOA.
8YHTKMATIC LI8T OK TIIR SpKGIKH DKHOKIBKn IN TIIK PRESENT WoRK, WITH REFERENCE TO THE PI.ACKS WIIEIIK TllKV ARE nKHCRIIIKD AND FlOUHRII AND THE LOCAUTIES ANIl HORIZONS AT WHICH TllKY AIIK Kol'ND.
'I'liu folldwiiiKitlibniviatiuMH nro lined in theliwt twoooliimnHof localities: Q. = Qnesuol ; 8. = Ulinil- l(iiiii(!on River; M. = Ninn-Mile Crcok; N. = Nicoli»; C.C. = Crow (Jreek, Colo. ; H. C. = Horso Creek, Wyo, ; T. C. = Twin Cr«ek, Wyo. ; 8. O. = Sciirboro, Ontario ; 1'. K. = Port Kennedy, Po.
Systenintic list of nprcivH.
10 11 li 13 14
15 16
17
18 19
ao
(ironiiM, K*«>iira, nnd RpouiuH.
MTRIAPODA.
luliiH tnlliiHter
ARACHNIDBS.
ACARINA. 1 xodtsH torti itri nn
AKANEIDKS.
SALTiaRAIt.l:.
Attides.
I'arnttus resiirrectuH
Paruttus evocatus
Parattus latitatuH
Laterksrad.i-:.
Tlwmisides.
TbomisuH resntus
TlioniisnH disJnnctuB
Thomlsus defossns
TUBITEI.ARI^;.
Djitderidea. Segostria sccessa
Draasides.
Clubiona oversa
Chibioua arcana
CInbiona latebrosa
Clubiona ostentata
AnyphiBDa interita
Jgahiiidei.
TitaniEoa ingonua
Titanwca hesterna
RKTITELAItl.K.
Therididea.
Aranoa cnhimbiu^
Theridium opertannuni
Theridinm sechiBum
Linyphia retensa
I'uKc.i
44
47
Gl
71
7;t
74
7ri
|
Localities where f'onnd. |
(ieologiuul horizon. |
||||
|
Plate and ll^nro. |
a |2 Eh /- .. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X |
> r X X |
i > s |
'■ British Co- Inmbia. |
h O |
|
6: 15 |
Oligocene.... Oligoceuo.... Oligocene.... ....do |
||||
|
U: 12 |
|||||
|
11: !26 |
|||||
|
....do.. |
|||||
|
U: 13 |
Oligocene.... 1 |
||||
|
11: 9 |
...... |
||||
|
11: 23 |
....do |
||||
|
11: as |
Oligocene Oligocene — ....do |
||||
|
11: 22 |
|||||
|
11: 4 |
|
||||
|
11: 18 |
....do |
||||
|
11: 24 |
....do |
||||
|
11: 5 |
....do |
||||
|
11: 29,32 |
Oligocene — ....do |
||||
|
2: 1,2 11: 3 |
X |
"" |
Q. |
Oligoceuo — ....do |
|
|
11: 20 |
.... |
||||
|
11: 25,27 |
....do |
TABLES— AUACUNIDEa.
623
niHTRIB(TTION DP TIIR HPBCIKIt WITH WHICR TilRY AIIK COMPAHRII,
III tlin colnmiiM giving Degrtto of Relatioiinlilp the rollowiiig luurkH nrx iisnil : ! ! :^ very uloae ; ! — ulogo; " = Koneral; t = iliHtaut ; f = poHHililu.
f
FuiiHil i*|ifcieH.
Existing 8|H!oie8.
2§
Niiiiiit of NpriMrH. WIkti; rmiiiil. Horizuii. .£ s
C. tomentosa K. & B. . . C.8ericea,C.lanataK.-B, C. attennata K. & B... C. microphthalmaK.-B.
T. grannlatum K. &. B . .
T. hirtum K. & B
h. oheiracantha K. &■ B.
Baltic amber.
....do
....do
do
Baltic amber.
....do
....do
Ligarian . ...do.... ...do.... ....do ....
Ligurian . ...do .... ...do ....
NUIIIU of H|M)Ci>]M.
Wliiin: living.
S.geDoculata(Linn,)
T.qaadriguttata( H. ) ....do
Enrope.
Earope ...do..
10 11 I'i
i:i
14
15 IG
17 18 19 20
(524
TKUTlAifY IXHKOIS OF NOia'II AMI-iUIOA.
SYHTKMATU' LIHT UK TIIK rtl'KCIKH UKHCKIIIKII in TIIK I'llKKK.NT Wdlth, K'll'.— t'l)llthlll»ll.
HycteiiiiitUi liHt of iipiioieH.
Qi'()U|m, K"ii<'>'i>i itiiil Hpocu'M.
OlIIHTKI.AIII.I:.
h'liiir\(lm.
1 'r<!tni);iiatliii Itatiiiriii
2 TiitliiiKUH tfiiyoti
:i TrIliiiriiH oliiliinitiiM
•I 'rolliiitiiiH lii'iit/.ii
Ti 'riilliiicim piovectiK*
(> K|MMia iiivvkii
7 I Kpeira uliHcoiulita
8 ' Kpi'ira (li<lita
0 \ KptMia cinuriictu
10 Epuirii viilcauulU
U Kpnirii utnertoni
lii KpxirilNp
i:i Kpvirngp
14 j Kpeirii hji
ir> I Nepliilii piMiiiiilipivi
NBUROPTBRA. THY8ANIIRA. j IUllostoma.
16 I PIaii"<c'plialii« aNolloiilrg..
I,EriSMATli)/i:.
17 Lepi8ii:a platyiiiura
TKRMITINA.
18 { ParotermeH iiiHignis
19 ParotermeH liagrnM
20 raii)toriii<!H fodiiuf
21 Hodotcrmeii cdloradpiiitis..
22 Kutvriiicg t'v.ssariiin
2H ■ Eutcrnics iiu'adii
I'SOCINA. 24 ParopBocus (lisjunctus
EPHEMERID.K.
'Xy Epheiuvra tabiflca
2(5 Kiilieiiiera immobilU
27 Kphniiiera iiiaci lout a
28 Ephemera piimico8a
29 Ephemera internmpta
30 \ Ephemera exHiicca
Page.i '■''"" ""''
» I IlKiire
77 78 79 HO
81
h:i
84
85 85
m
87 88 89 89 89
94
102
108 110 112 113 115 115
118
120 121 122
Looalitlea wliem fotinil.
II: II I 11: 8,10 I II: :il II: 14 II: 21 II; 2, 17 U: 7 II: (i 11: l(i
11: 15.19 11: 1
11: 12
Figg.lntext 12: 18
12: 13,14
12: 2
12: 3,22
12: 6
12: 20
12: 12,17
5: 51
12: 5 12: 4,10
122 12: 7,15,10
123 j
184 I 12: 9
ii
1 1
-I
X a
Ui!iil<i}(l(:al hiirljEon.
Oliguvuiio.
.....lo
....«li>
,...ilo
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
Oligocoue . Oligocene .
Oligoceue .
....do
....do
....do
...do
....do
Oligoceue (f)
Oligooene
....do
....do
...do
....do
....do
TABLES— NEUKOPTKUA. 825
DiHTRinunoN or thb Hprcibh with which Thrv ark Comparrp— CoDtiiiiioil.
|
Fomil iipeoia*. |
Exiating apeitlM. |
||||||
|
'J |
Nanio orapvcioa, |
Whor« found. |
Horizon. |
It t |
Nanio of Hp<-vi<'N. |
Wlioru Ilvin;;. |
|
|
T. grnllatiir Hent/.. |
Euat. U. M. |
1 |
|||||
|
9 |
|||||||
|
1 |
■) |
||||||
|
/ |
4 |
||||||
|
E. troaohelU Bertk .... |
Rot* |
Aqultnnlan. |
n |
||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
H |
|||||||
|
w |
|||||||
|
to |
|||||||
|
n |
|||||||
|
1? |
|||||||
|
ri |
|||||||
|
11 |
|||||||
|
o |
N. ]ilnnil])08Kocli.. Smith. V.H. |
Vt |
|||||
|
in |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
1H |
|||||||
|
■ ■ ' |
1 |
10 |
|||||
|
vn |
|||||||
|
c |
H. insignia, itpectabiliH. |
Onniugen |
Tortoninn |
VI |
|||
|
'f |
|||||||
|
9\ |
|||||||
|
V4 |
|||||||
|
w |
|||||||
|
w |
|||||||
|
97 |
|||||||
|
w |
|||||||
|
w |
|||||||
|
.... |
1 |
:«) |
VOL XIII 40
626 TKRTIiRY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
SrSTKMATIC LibT OF TUB SPEClhS DKSCKIDEI) IN THE PitEHENT WoRK, ETC.— ContiuUfll.
SyHtoinntio list of specicH.
tJiroiiiiH, genera, nu'I gpvcicB,
I
1 2
:i 4
i'l (>
7 H !)
10 11 12
13
14 If)
ir.
17
18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27
28 29 30
ODONATA.
AilKIONINA
Dy»aj;iioii fredeiicii ....
Dy gagrion lakcsi i
DyHagrioii pai'kardii Fodaj^rioii abortiviiin Lithagriou hyulinuin Litliagrion iimbratnm
. Agrion niascoscenB
Afrrion exRiilaris
iigrion telliirU
yGscnNiNA.
iH^schna solida
JEtichoa Ruparnta
^iichni. larvata
LlBELLl'LINA.
Llbelliilaop
PLANIPENNIA.
SlAI.INA.
Corydalites fecundiim
Raphidia t ranqnilla
Inocellia velera.ia
Inocellin Bomiiolonta
Inocellia tnniiilata
Inocellia erenta
Hemkkodina,
OBiiiyliiH I quietus.
BolbroinicroiiiiiB Incbbuii
Palii'ochrysa sti icta
Tribocbrysa vctiiHviila
Tribncbrysa iniMjnuIiH
Tribocbrysa llriin'.in
PAKonPli>,E.
Holcorpa maculosa
Panorpa ri;;ida
TRiCHOPTERA.
Hyduopsychiu^
Hydiopsycbe operta
Hydropsyche niarcens
Polycentropus exesus
i
t
I
TABLES— NEUKOPTERA.
D18TBIBCTION OF THE 8PECIB8 WITH WHICH THEY AKE CoMPAEEi> -Continued.
627
rm
|
Fosoil species. |
Existing species. |
|||||
|
n |
Name of apeoies. |
Where fonnd. |
Degree of relationship. |
Name of species. |
Where living. |
|
|
.... |
1 |
|||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
.... |
0 |
P. macropns Selys /eno/.uela |
||||
|
* " • " |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
• " " " |
||||||
|
n |
iE.constrictaSay.. iE. Janata Say |
Northern U. 8 . New England.. |
||||
|
.... |
11 |
|||||
|
•■** |
||||||
|
t |
Corydalnscornntns. |
Northern II. 8 . |
||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
"*■ ■ |
||||||
|
. >• • |
||||||
|
. . - - |
||||||
|
. • • • |
||||||
|
t |
0. pictns Hagen |
Baltic amber. |
||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
. . • • |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
... |
||||||
|
■ • • |
||||||
|
... |
|
1
2 3 4 5
r>
7 H <J
10 11 12
13
14
15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27
28 29 30
« i
f
628 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
Systkmatic List ok tiir Speciks Df.sckiiikii in teie Piirsent Wohk, ktc— Coutiniu'd.
|
Synteiiiatio list of specicH. |
LooalitieH where found. |
Goolofrical liunzuu. |
|||||||
|
Groaps, genera, and specieH. |
PORO. |
Plate and UgtITO. |
a |
> |
Is |
"a ■S a s |
h .a O |
||
|
1 |
HvnuopsYciiiD*;— C'nM. |
182 m 1^3 184 184 1*5 1*) 186 186 187 188 189 189 190 191 192 193 194 196 197 199 205 206 207 208 209 211 212 213 214 214 214 216 |
13: 7 |
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X |
Oligoceno . . . do |
||||
|
'f |
Dcrobrocliiis abHtriictiiR |
||||||||
|
3 |
|
do |
|||||||
|
4 |
Dorobrochiis fotenuis . |
do |
|||||||
|
r, |
Derobrochus coinnioratus . ..... |
...do |
|||||||
|
6 |
15: 2 15; 6,16 13: 13; 15:4 15: 10 15: 1,3 15: 11 15: 13 15: 14 15: 9 16: 15 |
do |
|||||||
|
7 |
Derolirocliiis friijesceBS ... |
. do |
|||||||
|
H |
do |
||||||||
|
9 |
Ijitobrochiis ext6riiHtu8 ..... ... |
do |
|||||||
|
10 |
do . .. |
||||||||
|
11 |
MeBobrocbiiH IcthiiMis ....... |
do |
|||||||
|
19 |
do |
||||||||
|
n |
PaliidiceDii eriiDtionis ...... |
do |
|||||||
|
14 |
Tiuodes paliidigena . |
do |
|||||||
|
15 |
Leptocerida. |
Oligocene do |
|||||||
|
16 |
|||||||||
|
17 |
LlMNOPHIUl>/E. LimiioDliiliid HonorntuH.. . ... |
15: 5 4: 4 13: 3 13: 5 13: 2 16:3. .MI,»,>3 16: 1 16: 2,6,20 16: 10,17 16:15,18,21 16: 14 16: 12 16: 19 16: 24 16: 7 16:9,13,16 6: 25 |
Oligocene Oligocene do |
||||||
|
18 |
H.C. |
||||||||
|
19 |
PlIRYGANID/*:. |
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X |
|||||||
|
VO |
|||||||||
|
'^1 |
Limnopsycbe tlisporsii .... ... |
do |
|||||||
|
W |
ORTHOPTERA. Fohkicularia;. |
Oligoceno do. |
|||||||
|
V3 |
LuliMluroiiiiiiu boriiimiHi . |
||||||||
|
V4 |
....do |
||||||||
|
'r> |
L'-ibithirotiiniii coiiuiiixtniii . . |
do . |
|||||||
|
w |
Liibiiliironiinn tertittriiiin |
do .. . |
|||||||
|
'n |
....do |
||||||||
|
V8 |
LiibuliironiiiiaexHiilatnin |
do |
|||||||
|
w |
|||||||||
|
30 |
Liibiriirf>niiiia np |
do . |
|||||||
|
31 |
....do |
||||||||
|
32 |
Labidnrnninia labeiiH |
. do . |
|||||||
|
33 |
BLA'ITAHI^. Paralatlndiu Haussiirei |
X |
|
Oligocene |
TABLES-OETHOPTEIIA. 629
Distribution of thk Spkciks with which They akr Compared— ContinnwI.
i
|
Fossil spooies. |
Existing sponioH. |
||||||
|
u |
Name of species. |
Where found. |
Horizon. |
n |
Name of species. |
VVbere living. |
|
|
1 |
|||||||
|
2 |
|||||||
|
3 |
|||||||
|
4 |
|||||||
|
.I |
|||||||
|
r> |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
8 |
|||||||
|
9 |
|||||||
|
10 |
|||||||
|
11 |
|||||||
|
12 |
|||||||
|
Kt |
|||||||
|
14 |
|||||||
|
15 |
|||||||
|
Hi |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
.... |
18 |
||||||
|
19 |
|||||||
|
20 |
|||||||
|
21 |
|||||||
|
22 |
|||||||
|
23 |
|||||||
|
,24 |
|||||||
|
a.'i |
|||||||
|
20 |
|||||||
|
27 |
|||||||
|
2H |
|||||||
|
1 |
ISi) |
||||||
|
\ |
:io |
||||||
|
1 31 |
|||||||
|
:« |
|||||||
|
:t:t |
!,■■
(530 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Systematic List ok tiik Sfbciks Dkbckibku ik tub Pkrsknt Work, etc.— Continued.
Syatomatic list of h]ioc!o8.
Groups, genera, aiidspecieH.
10
11
12 13
14 15
16 17 18
19
80 21 22 23 24
Blattaki a;— Continued.
Z(!tobora brunnori
HomcBOgamiu ventriosu
Phasmiua. Agatlienieru red nsa
ACKIDII.
Trujcalida:
Tyrbula umltiHpimmu
Tyrbula riisselli
OouipboceruM abstrusus
Uidijwdiilw.
Nauthacia torpida
CEilipoda pmsfocata
Tapbacris rcliquata
LocusTAiii.i:.
PhyllophorUlw. Litbymuetes gnttatus
PseuduphijUUht. Cymatoinera maculata ^
Conocei)haUdai.
Orcbelimuin placidum
Locusta sileus
Gryllaatidido!.
Gryllacris cineris
Locustariu! sp
GRYL1.IDE8.
Proneniobius indnratus
ProiieuiobiusturtiariuH
Proneniobius Hiiiitbii
HEMIPTERA. HOMOPTERA. CocciDj!:.
Monopblebus simplex
Aphides.
Aphidinm.
Cataneara absuns
Cataueura riloy i
Arcbilaubnus pennatus
ArchilacbnuN luudgei
Gerancon darisii
Page.
217 218
21!)
221 222 !?23
224 225 226
229
2.10
231 232
233 234
235 235 236
242
245 245 247 247
248
Plate and figure.
'M
17: 12
17: 8
17: 11
17: 13
17: 1-4
17: 0
17: 5 12: 8,19
17: 14,15
17: 7
17: 16,18,19 17: 9,10
17: 17
6: 18 6: 13,21,23 6: 22
18: 1,15-17
Localities wbere found.
£
Geological horizon.
Oligoceue. ...do
Oligocene.
Oligooene.
...do
...do
Oligocene .
...do
...do
Oligoceue .
Oligocene.
Oligocene. ...do
Oligocene. ....do
Oligocene.
....do
....do
Oligocene.
Oligocene.
....do
...do
...do
...do
% [>
«:i
a «e
ISM
TABLES— HEMIPTB3A. 631
DISTRIBUTION OK THB 8l'ECIE8 WITH WHICH THEY AKE COMPAKED-OOQtinUed.
FoBHil gpeoies.
c O
Mrs
**
Name of species.
Wliero found.
Horizon.
Existing species.
E O
Name of species.
Where living.
3%
o M. pennatns O. & B . . - Baltic amber
O.concinnum Scudd L.ocoidentalis Thoui
Nortbem U. S . Califoruia.....
• *
Lignrian .
4
5 G
7 8 'J
to
11
13 13
14 15
16 17
18
19
20 .n .22 . !2;j
. I 24
, :
!
-
1
■H
632 TKKTIAHY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
SvsTKMATic List op tiik Species De.sciiibed is the I'kksent Work, kto.— Continued.
1 :i
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2U
31
2i 21 21 25 23 27
28 29
30 31 32 33 34 35
Syatcniutio list of gpecieH.
Oroups,genera, and species.
I'age.
Aphidimv—ContW
Goraucou petroruiu
Sbenupliis qtiesDuli ,
Sl)enaplii8 iihleri
SUenapbis lossa
Aplmntaphis ezsuca
Siplionophoroi-'es untiqua
SiphonoplioruiUuH riifiuesciuei .
SiphouDplioioidcH i>rupii)qiia
LitliaphJH (liriita
TeplirapliU simplex
Tuplirnpliis walsUii
Aphidopsis Miibterna
Apbidopsis liarfreri ,
Apbidopaia lutaria
Apbidopsis luurgaruin
Aphidopais dalli ,
Apbidopsis eruaciata
Apbidopsissp ,
Orj'ctapbis n-condita ,
Oryctapbis lesiieiirii
Syuliriobrockus revi vvscens
Svhi:oneii linw.
Scbizoueuroides scudderi
Aiuiilaucou lutosus
Auvduatus dorsuosus
Aiicuiiatiis biiclitoiii
Pterostigiiia recur vum
Pteroittigma uigriim
PsYLUD-t;.
Necropsy 11a rigida
Catopsylla prima
FULGOIIINA.
Fulijorida.
Ny ctopby lax ubleri
Nyclophylax vigil..
Apbuiia ntava
Apbnna rotiiudipeiiuis
Lyxtra ricbardsoiii
Lystra leei
249 250
a.-.2
253 254 255
257 258 259 2110 261 262 263 264 264 265 266 266 267 268
269 270 272 272 274 275
276
277
279 280 281 282 28:5 283
2: 6 2:4,5;18:12
Plate and
figarc.
18: 3,5,7,10
18: 4 1-: 19
18: 8
18: 11 18: 14
18: 6
18: 2 18: 13
18: 9
18: 18
12: 11,21
19: II
19: 8
.■>; 9(i,97
6: 27
C:8<, 30,31,7:1,3
7: 2
a
o
Localities where found.
a^
xf
6
S a
•c n
Q Q
i I
Oeological horizon.
Oligoceue
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
....do
....do
...do
....do
....do
....do
....do
'>
.do. .do.
Oligocene...
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
« .
Oligocene. ....do
Oligouene
...do
Oligocmiii (f).
Oligocene
...do
...do
I
X&..
TABLES— HEMIPTBBA. 633
DiSTHIBUTION OF THK SPRCIKS WITH WHICH THKY AKR COMPARED— CoDtinOed.
i I
i >
t ,
i I
|
Fossil species. |
Existing species. |
||||||
|
-2 |
Name of species. |
Where found. |
Horizon. |
II ^1 |
Name of species. |
Where living. |
|
|
1 2 •3 4 |
|||||||
|
I |
|||||||
|
I |
|||||||
|
i |
C 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 IG 17 18 1!) 20 21 28 23 24 2.-> 26 27 2a 29 30 31 .32 33 34 3R |
||||||
|
. |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
— |
1 |
1i
i i
i i
I
AKi
634
TBUTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
5 0
7 8 0 10
11
12 13 14 15 16
17
18
19 ■20
21
22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Systkmatic List ok tiir Spkcikh Ukhcribbd in tiik Prksrnt Work, xtc— Continued.
Localities where found.
Systoiiiatio list of HpecicH.
QroupB, genera, and Hpeciea.
Fulgorida — Cont'd.
Fulgora graniilosn ,
Fnlgora populntu
Fulgora obticcscciiH
Dictyopliarida. Dictyophara boiiviu
Cixiida.
Cizius besperiduui
Cixius proavud
Oliurns lutonsis
DIaplegnia lialdouiani
Dlapiogniii veterascens
Diaplegnia nbdiictiiui
Diaplegnia veiicrabilo
Diaplegnia occiiltonim
Diaplegnia riiinosiiiu
Diaplegnia obdormituni
Oliaritea terreutnla
Florissantia elegaus
Delphaeida.
Delpbax senilis
Planophlebia giganti-a
Avhilida. Elidiptera regularis
Sicaniida. Hamniapteryx reticulata
Flatida.
Litbopsis tiinbriata
Lithopsis uloiigata
Ficarasites Htigmaticum
JA88IDES.
Tettigonia priscomarginata
Tettigonia iirlscotiucta
Tettigonia priscovariegata
Tettigonia obtccta
Bythoscopua lapidescons
Agallia lewisii
Agallia ilaccida
Agallia iustabilis
Agallia abHtructa
Page.
284 284 285
286
287 287 288 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 294
295 296
297
298
3U0 301 301
:i0a
303 303 304 305 305 306 306 307
Plate and fl'jme.
a
1 1
6: 35
7: 16
19: 1
21: 16
6: 19
19: 14
7: 18
15: 8
ad °
7: 17 19: 12
5: 95 2: 16
19: 13
6: 34
6: 36,37 6: 28 6: 20
7: 4 19: 9
5: 58,59 5: 94
19: 7,21 19: 18 21: 1 19: 5
6
".2
•Sa ■•s =
n
Qoological horizon.
Ollgooeiie.
do
...do....
Oligoceue
Oligocene
....do
....do
....do
....do
...do
....do
....do.... ....do.... ....do.... ....do.... ....do
Oligocene t
Oligocene...
Oligocene...
Oligocene...
....do
do ,
Oligocene...
....do
....do
Oligocene t Oligocene f Oligocene . .
....do
....do
....do
■
TABLK8— H EM I FTEKA.
DiaTKiHUTioN <)v TiiK Hi-KC'iKH WITH WHICH Thky ahk Compakkd— CoDtioued.
635
|
FUMHil HiiuvitM. |
KxiHtiii^ specieH. |
||||||
|
1^ S a 5t-2 "2 |
Name of Hpoclos. |
Whoro found. |
Uur'i'Mu. |
p |
Name of ii]>eoiH8. |
Where liviuK- |
|
|
] |
|||||||
|
3 3 4 5 i; 7 8 U 10 11 1-^ III |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
14 |
|||||||
|
16 |
|||||||
|
■■■■| |
... |
16 |
|||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
1H |
|||||||
|
19 |
|||||||
|
W |
|||||||
|
91 |
|||||||
|
thf |
|||||||
|
'n |
|||||||
|
o t |
Aul. irroTntiiH(F,).. Tett. bollaWalk... |
United States.. Silbut |
V4 |
||||
|
*") |
|||||||
|
"(i |
|||||||
|
'n |
|||||||
|
'W |
|||||||
|
w |
|||||||
|
MO |
|||||||
|
31 |
|||||||
|
32 |
636 TKKTiAUY imsk(;ts of north ambkica.
8Y«TBM\TI0 LIHT ok THK SI-KCIKM DKSUItlllKII IN TIIK I'HKHItNT WORK, KTC— ContillUed.
4
r>
li 7 8 0 10
11
12
13 14
15 16 17
IS 19 20
ai
2ii
a:t
24 25
36 27
2H 2U
:io
31 32
3;} 34 3;> 30
HyHtemativ iJMt <>f Mpeuieii.
Qronpg, Kenurn, niul HpocicH,
Ja88II>kh— Cuntiuaed.
Oypuna cinciciii
JaNNiiH ljit(>briii
Tbaiiiuotottix luutilutii
Tliaiiinotettix gaiiui^lti
Tliatiiiiotuttix I'liiidi
Cicadiila xaxooa
Acoceplialiis adin
Acocuplialus calloHiiH ,
Ja!iHo])!jiH evidoiis
C(ulidia coluinliiaiia
Cu'lidia wyoiiiiii(;cu8i.t
DociiiiUH |)Hy llulduH
CERCorin.K.
Ceroopites iinibratillH
Cercupites callisceim
Coreopis HnKvyni
CeriKipU iiMiiicIa
Cercopis mitt'ocata
Petrolystra gigantca
Petnilystra heros
LocritBH oopei
Locrites wliitei
Palecpbora luaciilata
Palecpbora pat«facla
Palecpbora niarvinoi
Palecpbora coininiiuis
Palecpbora pni'valoiiH
Palecpbora iiioriiata
Litbecpbora HctijjiMa
Litbecpbora iliapliaiia
P»8e.
f^itbecpliora aiiicolor
Lithecpbora iniirata ..
Priuecpbora baltoata
Aphropliorida.
PalapbrodeH ciiicta
I PalapbrodeH obscnra
PalapbroilUH irregulariM
, PalapbrodeH obliqiia
Piute and
tiKiire.
308
30rt
30<t
300 ti
310
310
311
311
312
313
313
314
I
316 317 318
318 31!) 321 322 323 324 326 327 327 328 32!) 329 330 330 331 331 332
19:
20:
7:
33; 7
19:
0:
ti:
III:
19:
2:
4:
19: 6,
LoCHtitiuH wbere found.
334 335 335
X .
7; 9
6: 32
2: 14,15
7: 15
19: 2,3 ! X
20: 5-7
20: H
21: 19
21 : 17
20: 10,17
7: 7
20: 3,20,21 20: 1; 21:2
20: 15
20: 22
21: 13 21:4,5,11,14 21: 3,8
20: 14
21); lit; Xti I&
21: 18
21): 3, 18i >l: 6,7
21: 10
6
'S a
M.
QeoloKJcal boi'izoii.
Ollgoceno
.do .do .do -do .do .do .do .do
T.C. 01ij;,,ceiief . OligoctMio
Oligoceue... ....do
Oligoceue...
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
Oligoceue
....do
....do
....do
wmmmm
TABLKS— UEMIl'THltA. 637
Distribution ok tiik Spkcikh with wiiicii Tiiky akr Compahkd— Continnoil.
|
Fiiull ipeoiM, |
KxiHtiiiK HpvcivK. |
||||||
|
1^ |
Name of MpeoieH. |
Where found. |
Degree of , relationship. |
Nuiiiu of HpccioB. |
Where tiviiiK. |
||
|
I |
|||||||
|
3 |
|||||||
|
3 |
|||||||
|
4 |
|||||||
|
ri |
|||||||
|
(1 |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
8 |
|||||||
|
» |
|||||||
|
lU |
|||||||
|
u |
|||||||
|
13 |
|||||||
|
1» |
|||||||
|
14 |
|||||||
|
15 |
|||||||
|
16 |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
IR |
|||||||
|
19 |
|||||||
|
SO |
|||||||
|
91 |
|||||||
|
33 |
|||||||
|
2.1 |
|||||||
|
?4 |
|||||||
|
«S |
|||||||
|
«6 |
|||||||
|
97 |
|||||||
|
28 |
|||||||
|
90 |
|||||||
|
30 |
|||||||
|
;»i |
|||||||
|
%i |
|||||||
|
3.1 |
|||||||
|
M |
|||||||
|
3i-. |
|||||||
|
.... |
36 |
M
638 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NOUTll AMBKKJA.
Hystrmatic Liht or mR Hprciks DRSCRinicn in tiik Prrbrnt Work, rtc— Continnoit.
Systomatio Hat of gpeaiea.
Qronpit, genera, and speoiea.
Jphrophorida— Con
1 I'nliiplirodoa transversa
'J Apliropliora Hp
;< CluHtoptern cnmHtocki
HETEROPTEKA.
CORIXIDJE.
4 Proslgarn flabellurn
fi Corixa vttiidiizeei
0 Corixa iinmersa
I NoTONKCTIU-t;.
7 \ Notouoota oinursoni.
I Oaloulid^.
8 I Neoygonns rotundatiis
VEUIDiE.
0 PalieoTelia spinosa
10 , Stenovolia nigra
I HYDROBATIDiE.
11 Telmatrechna Biaii
12 [ Telmatrechiis parallelns
13 I Metrobateaicternalis
I Rf.duviid^.
14 , Eothea elegans
15 Tagalodes inermia
I TiN-OIDIDJi.
16 i Pieania rotunda
17 Monantliia veterna ,
Id Eotingis antennata
ACANTIIIIO^.
19 Lyctocoiia terrcna ,
CAPSIDyK.
20 j Cloateroooris ulegans
21 Caruielua gravatiia
22 Carmolna aepoaitiia ,
23 Faaciia ficcatua
24 Poccilocupaua I'remontii
25 PcBcilocapana veterandna
26 Fcecilocapaaa veternosua
27 Pascilocapaua tabidns
28 Pcpcilocapsna oatentus ,
29 Capaus obsolefaotus
Page.
336 337 33«
344 344 345
346
348
349 :J50
351 353
353
355 357
358 359 360
361
363 3ti4 364 365 365 366 367 367 368 368
Plato and tiguro.
19: 10 19; 22
22: 12 22: 17 22: 16
*2: 11
7: 8
22: 13
Looallttoa where found.
a * 6
SB
i ! t 2 2. i5
26: 5 26: 15
23: 6 23: 5,9 23- 1,3
7: 20
24: 7 24: 10 24: 6 22: 5 24: 3 24: 9
24: 8
24: 2
23: 13
22: 8,14 X
2: 11,12
4; 1 ... 22: 15 : X
n
S-s
T.C.
Oeological korizuu.
Oligoccne. ....do .... ....do ....
Oligocene. ....do .... ....do....
Oligooone...
Oligocene...
OligocFue... ....do
Oligocene t . ....do
Oligocene. ....do....
Oligocene. ....do.... ....do ....
Oligocene.
Oligocene. ....do .... ....do.... ....do.... ....do .... ....do.... ...do.... ....do .... ....do .... ....do....
I
t
IHbHE
TABLE8-UBMIPTEUA. 639
DMTRmitTioN or Till Spkoikb with wiiiou Toby aiie CoMrAiiBD— ContliuiBil.
|
FonhII upeoiM. |
ExIbIIiik spMles. |
||||||
|
■so. k |
Xaine of H|>ecics. |
Wlioro found. |
Horizon. |
Co |
NanioofHpoolon. ; Where living. |
||
|
t 'i 3 |
|||||||
|
o o |
C. intcrniptaSay.. C. boIlunsliSuliII).. |
United States Europe |
4 |
||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
8 0 10 |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
...... ...... ....... |
• |
t |
A f Inn tin afot^i. |
11 I'i |
|||
|
13 |
|||||||
|
|
11 |
||||||
|
|
in |
||||||
|
- |
16 |
||||||
|
! |
17 |
||||||
|
IH |
|||||||
|
10 |
|||||||
|
■fo |
|||||||
|
0 0 |
Pliyt. involntuB Germ . ....do |
Baltic nmber. ....do |
Lignriaii . . |
o 0 |
C. parvus Di»t — .do |
Oen. America .. do |
21 IS |
|
33 |
|||||||
|
o |
P. ornatnlii8(8tai.) |
Mexico |
34 |
||||
|
or, |
|||||||
|
t |
P. frenioutii Scudd |
Florissant... |
Oligooeuo . |
?fi |
|||
|
37 |
|||||||
|
1 |
?H |
||||||
|
.... |
.. .. |
i |
20 |
I
T
640 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Systkmatic List of tub 8i '<cie8 Descrirkd in tiik Prksent Work, etc.— Continued.
SyBtematlo Uat of 8pv.oie'
Localities where found.
Groups, genera, and Bi>ecieB.
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14
15
16 17 18
19
ao n
22 23
24 25 2U 27 28 29 :to
3t
:a 33 j
CAPSiDiE— Continoed.
Capgua lacns
Aporeina prinstrictuni
Hadronema cinerescens
PlIYSAPODES.
Melanothrips extincta
Litliadotlirips vetusta
Palisotliripa fossilis
Lyg.eid^.
LygtKina.
LygiDUS stabilitus
Lygious obsolescens
L;g.<Miii fiRcnlentus
Nysias vinctns
Nysius vecula
Nysius tritns
NysiuB terras
Nysins stratus
Gfocorina. Geocoris infernornm
Oxycarenina.
FrocronliiuB communis
Procrophins costalis
ProcropIiiuB laugnens
Myodochina,
Ligyrocoris exsuctus
Stenopaniera t«ne1>ro8.i
Stenopamera subterr.'a
Catopamora augheyi
Catopaniera' bradley i
Pbnidopaniera wilsoiii
Piirudupampra chittendeui
Cholnla triguttata
Litbocfiris evulgu^
Cophocoris tcnebricos'is
Eucorites seroacens
Procoris Banctipjohanuis
Procoris beclileri
Ctereajoris primigenuB
Trapezonotus exterminatus
Pago.
369 370 370
.371 372 :573
.376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380
381
382 382 333
385 ;W6 386 .■J87 387 388 389 389 391 391 392 393 393 394 395
Plate and Dgure.
22: 2
20: 4
24: 12
5: 90,91
r> : W, 89, 103, ini .■i: lot, 106,115
22: 10:84:16 24: 15
c
ee d So CO
o
ftj o
a
22: 7 23: 20 23 : -31
El! 14,17 i S9:i,8
23: 17,26
{ «3 : l». IK, I
i W, >9;M:1(
23: 8
23 : 23
24 : 5 23: 16,24
23: 7
27 : 7
26: 12
27 : 9, 16
26: 7,9
7: 21
27: 4
»:» >r, il.lt,ia
o (B a
:-s.2
u CQ
Geological horizon.
Oligocene .
. -do
...do
Oligocene T. Oligoc^ene t. Oligocene f .
Oligocene ,
...do
...do
,...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Oligocene .
Oligocene .
...do
...do
Oligocene ... ...do
.do . .do . .do . .do . .do .do .do do .do .do .do .do .do
TABLES— UEM I PTERA. 641
Distribution of tub §pecie8 with which Tiiky auk Compahkd— Continued.
|
Fossil gpeoipg. |
Kxlstiiig speoieH. |
||||||
|
Name of HpecieB. |
Where found. |
Horizon. |
=1 |
Niiiiiu (if (tpeciea. |
V'liere living. |
||
|
1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 ao ai 22 a 24 25 26 87 28 ait |
|||||||
|
<.: |
H. niilitiiris I'lil . .. |
Western U. 8 .. |
|||||
|
' |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
39 33 |
||||||
|
|
|
f
vol, XIII 41
■!
m
642 TERTIARY INSEIJTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
SVSTKMATIC List ok TIIK SSPKCIKH DiCKCHIIIKI) in TIIK PkKSEXT WoUK, KTC— CoiltilllllMl.
\
|
Syatematin list of epeoieg. |
LooalitleB where found. |
Ofulogical horizon. 1 Olijjoeeno ... I ....do |
||||||
|
Qroiips, genera, aud Bpecies, |
Page. 39(i 397 397 398 39^' 3'.H» 399 400 401 402 402 403 403 404 4U4 40.-. 406 407 407 |
Plate and iigiire. 97: 11 93: 10 93 : 4 |
., a =8 e 11 o X X X X X X X A X X X X X X X |
V > 1 |
'A |
o 'Z s |
h ■2 o |
|
|
1 |
Myoilovhiiia — Cont'd. |
|||||||
|
•> |
liiuiiica liolnieHii Liiiuwa piituaiui Ijinuiea abolita ..... |
|||||||
|
3 |
....do |
|||||||
|
4 |
....do |
|||||||
|
5 |
LiiDtiiua carcerata |
93 : 9 93 : 21 23 : 19 93: 15,30 5: 70,71 |
. .do |
|||||
|
5 |
Liiuiii'a evolutfli |
. . . .tlo |
||||||
|
7 |
LinniL'a gravida Rliypiirocbroiiiiis vorrilMi . |
|||||||
|
8 |
....do |
|||||||
|
9 |
Piichviiioriia DAtronsiM |
OligoceueT .. Oligoceiio . .. ...do |
||||||
|
10 |
Tironienis torpefactuH .... |
|||||||
|
11 |
||||||||
|
1'^ |
LithochroFuns gardneri |
96: 10; 97: 8 |
.. do |
|||||
|
13 |
Litliochroiiius obstrictus |
....do . ...do |
||||||
|
14 |
Lithocliroiiiiis iiiorniariiis ... . .. |
96: 2 96: 6 |
||||||
|
15 |
....do |
|||||||
|
16 |
.... |
....do |
||||||
|
17 |
Prolygic'118 imimlatiis |
97 : 13 27: 10 •27 • 14 |
X X |
....do |
||||
|
18 |
....do |
|||||||
|
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X |
.. .do |
|||||||
|
''0 |
Necrocliroiiiiis saxififiis . |
407 |
do |
|||||
|
91 |
408 409 410 410 412 413 |
27: 2 |
....do |
|||||
|
'f9 |
. ..do |
|||||||
|
OT |
I'l/rrhocoriim. Dysdercus cinetim |
94:11,13,14 |
Oligocene . .. ....do |
|||||
|
91 |
||||||||
|
95 |
CORBIU/E. CoreiiHi. |
94: 4 |
Oligocene . . . ....do |
|||||
|
?A |
Achreatocoris cinerarius |
|||||||
|
97 |
Phthiuocoris culligatiiH Plithinucoria letliargicus |
414 99: 3 415 96: 17; 27: 17 415 97: a |
....do |
|||||
|
'>H |
.. . |
....do |
||||||
|
29 30 |
....do |
|||||||
|
416 |
....do |
|||||||
|
31 Piozocoris peritiis 39 Pinzdoorift noinniicit.iliH |
417 417 417 419 480 |
25: 15 |
....do |
|||||
|
...do |
||||||||
|
33 |
2C: 14 25: 13 25: 3 |
....do |
||||||
|
34 |
Aliidinw. |
Oligoceue . . . ....do |
||||||
|
35 |
Cacalydus oxstirpatua |
TABLES— IlEMIPTBRA. Q43
DlSTmillJTION OK THK SPKCIES WITH WHICH ThkV VKK (Jo.MI'.VUKD-CoUtinued.
|
FoBsil species. |
Existing sp'^cies. |
||||||
|
S 0 £ ^ |
Name of species. |
Wliei-o fouiul. |
Horizou. ■ |
Niiiiic of species. Where living. « 1 |
|||
|
i 1 i |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
||||||
|
0 0 |
Pach. fasciatus Heer. . . Pacb. pulchelliis Heer . |
Aix |
Liifuriiitt |
1 |
|||
|
....llo |
...»lo |
||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
9 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 30 31 33 23 24 35 36 37 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3fi |
|||||||
|
|
1 |
||||||
|
j |
|||||||
|
■■ |
|||||||
|
*' |
|||||||
|
.... |
|
||||||
|
... |
|||||||
|
. . |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
, |
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
— |
.... |
MBMOi
644 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Systkmatic Lut ok thk Spkciks Ukschiiikp in TiiK Pkksknt Work, etc.— Continued.
Systematic list of species.
Groaps, genera, aud species.
Page.
U 3 4 5 6
r
•8 9
10
11
1-2 13 14 l.'i 16
17 18 19
20 31 22 23
24 2.-) 26 27 2« 21) 30 31 32
m
M
.a
Alydina—CoBtW.
Cydanius robustus
ParodarniistnH abMcissiis
PurndarniiKtus cadncns
Parodnrmistns colliHns
ParodarmistuH defcctns
PurodarmistiiH exauimntus
Farodarniistns in1ubi^!l8
Proteuor inibecillis
Tenor spehincie ,
Etirocoris infernalis
Rhepocoris priutectus
Kht-pocoris macresccns
Rhepocoris prmvaltMis
Kliepocoris propiuqnans
li hepocoris minima
Orthriocorisa longipim
j PiieHilopMiri»a.
Heeiiii giilosa ,
Heeria lapidosa
Hoeria firda
Coriziia.
Corizus relatus
! Corizus abditivus
Corizus Honinuruus
Coriz'18 gutliiiuH
rK.NTATO.MlD.K.
Cydnida.
Steuopelta pnnntnlnta
Procyduus prorus
ProcydnuH devictus
Procydnns divoxus
Procydntw ipiietus
Prooydniie .oli'juus ....
ProcydTins veapcrns
Prooyiliins ciloni.
ProcydnuH tiiiiuiillattus
N«crocy(li\ii!< vnicinlim.
NecrocydnuH gobiutensiH
Neirooydnus t,nr{)«n8
420 422 422 422 423 42i 424 424 425 426 427 427 427 428 429 430
431 4:J2 432
43:<
4:«
4:!4 434
438
4:w 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 444 445 445
Plate and tigure.
26: 3
13
26: 8
20: 16
85: f «, 7.(H1. It, 16^36:11
Localitifs wlii-re fuiind.
o
cs d
SO
S
o
25: 1 ; 26: 13
26: 1
27 ; 5, 12, 114 ; 2(1 : 17
27: 3, 19
27: 15 25: 5; 26: 4
n
7: 12, 13
•.'8: 5 29: 4
23: 15 7; 19 7: 22
o
Geological horizon.
Oligocene .
...do
...do
..do
...do
.. do
...do
...do ....
...do
...do.... ...do ... ...do....
....do....
....do ....
....do ....
....do ....
Oligocene .
...do
...do
Oligocene .
....do
....do
....do
Oligocene
....do
....do
. ..do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
....do ....
....do
....do . ..
TABLES— HEMIPTERA. 645
DiSTBiBUTioN OF TH8 fpRCiKS WITH WHICH Thkv akr CoMPAiiKD— Continued.
|
Fossil species. |
Existing species. |
||||||
|
'1 ii ate ;=1 |
Nunie of species. |
Wliere found. |
• Horizon. ( |
,1 ^1 |
Name of species. |
Where living. |
|
|
1 |
1 |
||||||
|
a |
|||||||
|
i |
3 |
||||||
|
1 |
4 |
||||||
|
L-- ' ' |
5 |
||||||
|
«s |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
1 |
H |
||||||
|
q |
|||||||
|
.... |
in |
||||||
|
1 |
11 |
||||||
|
1?, |
|||||||
|
13 |
|||||||
|
14 |
|||||||
|
15 |
|||||||
|
16 |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
18 |
|||||||
|
19 |
|||||||
|
20 |
|||||||
|
' |
91 |
||||||
|
^ |
!» |
||||||
|
£> |
|||||||
|
24 |
|||||||
|
> |
25 |
||||||
|
26 |
|||||||
|
1 |
27 |
||||||
|
;■■■■ |
28 |
||||||
|
29 |
|||||||
|
1 |
30 |
||||||
|
31 |
|||||||
|
i |
38 |
||||||
|
33 |
|||||||
|
34 |
|||||||
|
35 |
-J-^—-'
>
646 TKBTIABY INSECTS OF NORTO AMERICA.
Systbmatk^ List ok tiik Spkciks Dkbcihhkk in tiik Piiksknt Wohk, ktc— Continiiod.
|
Systeiiiutio list of speoiea. |
Localities where found. |
Geological horizon. |
||||||
|
Groups, genera, and species. |
Page. i 446 440 447 447 448 44U 449 450 450 451 451 4.52 4„4 456 457 438 458 459 ■mr «>l m\ m-i m. U>4 4tiS m 466 467 467 468 470 470 |
Pbito and figure. |
a o |
! > 5 |
n |
"3 7. -a i |
||
|
1 |
^ Q/dMido— Cont'd. ■ Neorooydniis 8tvs'"» |
j X |
1 Oligoceno itn |
|||||
|
2 |
Necrocydims aiiiyzouiis |
28: 16 |
1^ X X : X X i v |
1 |
||||
|
;t |
Necrocydniis senior |
1 1 |
<iii |
|||||
|
4 |
Necrocydnns Holidatna Necrocydnns revoctus Tblibomeuns petreiis |
28: 13 |
1 |
do |
||||
|
5 |
j |
do |
||||||
|
6 |
tin |
|||||||
|
7 |
Tblibomeniis parvus |
19: 23 |
ll*l |
|||||
|
8 |
Tbiiboinenns porennatus Tblibomeniis liiniwus |
do |
||||||
|
9 |
28: 12 |
X X |
do i |
|||||
|
10 |
Tblibomeniis niaeer |
|||||||
|
11 |
Cvrtoinenns couciiiiiiis |
7: 14 |
X |
An |
||||
|
12 |
Disoostoma sp |
22: fi 1 X 2: 17-11) .... |
. do |
|||||
|
13 |
I'milalomidn. TeleoBcbistusaDaiiiiiis |
.... |
Q. |
|||||
|
14 |
TeieoHchistns rigoiiatus T«lnimebist,iiH pliimitnH Tbuetoschistns roviilsiiH Poteschistns obninnliiM .auoscbistiis mac ■niiru- MaCUiONubistllHliMUl.'(MJ!l:- . FoiioscbistnB Jijauim |
28: 14 28: 3 |
X X |
Oligoceue . do |
||||
|
ir. |
' |
|||||||
|
If. 17 |
28: t; X 2H: Ir. X 2b: 2 X 28: 7 X 28: 10 ' X ■-'8: 1 V |
....do do |
||||||
|
i"i 19 20 |
--- |
.... |
....do ...do |
|||||
|
21 22 23 24 25 |
PiilimHehistnH bn^iimiriinti Wmrtatomilt-H fniiuiiim ... |
.... |
do |
|||||
|
""'TwtttjhistiiH iiuliireMt'enh ■ hiiaiiiioscliiHlu.s <;raviiialu- -U«-ifw«rE»hala hi- , EHYNCflnfHdh'A AXTHIUIIII' K. |
■i->: 4 >: 11,19 28: 8 8: 9 7: 2(i 8: 4 8: 40 8: 17 1 : •>:\--i:\ f : -l" 8: (! |
X X |
V |
.... |
1 |
...do do ...do Oligoceno |
||
|
s~! |
! -.. X V |
|||||||
|
m |
QiBteVaris repertiis |
|||||||
|
mi |
CMtopuriH elnsns j Horniisons partitus { SCOLYTID.t:. j HylaHtes squalidens | Di'Voi'H'teM iminessiis | |
X X X i |
.1.. 1 |
|||||
|
•JO |
,1n 1 |
|||||||
|
31 38 |
8. I (. |
I'leistoccno .. Oligocone . .. ...do |
||||||
|
33 |
Uiyocaites carboiiarins 1 |
.! |
||||||
\
>
TABLES— OOLEOPTEBA.
Distribution of thk Specibs with which They ark Compared— Continued.
647
|
Fossil speoies. |
ExiatiDg Npecies. |
||||||
|
1^ £ o 11 |
Name of species. |
Where found. |
a s Degree of relationship. |
Name of species. |
Where living. |
||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
........->-■•.-■--. j |
•2 |
||||||
|
3 |
|||||||
|
1 |
4 |
||||||
|
5 |
|||||||
|
' |
6 |
||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
t |
8 |
||||||
|
S> |
|||||||
|
10 |
|||||||
|
|
o |
C.mirabiliH Perty . |
Biiizil |
11 |
|||
|
18 |
|||||||
|
ia |
|||||||
|
.... |
14 |
||||||
|
15 |
|||||||
|
|
in |
||||||
|
i |
8 |
||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
f) |
|||||||
|
Bfl |
|||||||
|
fli |
|||||||
|
.... |
W |
||||||
|
m |
|||||||
|
114 |
|||||||
|
m |
|||||||
|
i 1 |
26 |
||||||
|
87 |
|||||||
|
t |
' ('. iiiiirttuB CFabr.^ |
Eastern II. S . . |
28 |
||||
|
1 |
a» |
||||||
|
.10 |
|||||||
|
31 |
|||||||
|
1 |
o |
O. affaber(Mann.) 1 |
Boreal America. i |
32 |
|||
|
1 |
! |
33 |
«J48 tki:tiaky inskots of noktm amkuica.
Sv.srKMAiu; Lisi uv niK Spkciks DK8citiHK,i) in tiik I'nicsKNT Work, kto.— Coiitiimid.
|
Systematio Itat of apeoies. |
LuoalitieH where found. |
Geological Iiorizon. |
||||||
|
Oroiips, genera, and Hpeoies. |
Pag« 47 1 471 472 47:i 474 474 475 475 4-(> 477 477 478 479 480 481 4"<2 482 48:t 4S4 485 485 4H(, 48(> 487 .t8S 481» 489 490 |
Plato nud ti;;iire. 8: 3 1 8: 2t> ; H: 1(1 8: 37,41 8 ; 23 5: 109, 109a 8: 29 8: 22 8: 25 8: 13 t-. 39 8: 33,:i4,3B i;: 3\, 8i m. ( ! 31. .'A u 1 8: 7,35 8: 20 8i 12 27: 1 2: 32 5: 125 2: 31 7: 29,37 1: 28 1 : 33, 34 2: 22 1: U S: 19 I: 12-14 1 : 18-22 1 |
3 gs d |
V a = a X X X X X |
> M 2 |
n a |
o |
|
|
1 |
CLI(CUI.I0N1I>.«. i Cryptorliy ncliiis annoHiiH |
Oligooeue .1.. |
||||||
|
2 |
Gjiiiiiotrou li'coiitui |
|||||||
|
a |
AiillioiioiniiHKoporus |
do |
||||||
|
4 |
Hyloliius pioveutiid |
.1*. |
||||||
|
& |
LUtrouotUH miiratiiB |
do |
||||||
|
(i |
EiitimiiH priinonlialis |
X |
Oligooenuf . .. ' Oligoceno ... .1,. |
|||||
|
» |
OnoMiYNXnii).*:. Kiiiliii^ogiiH torroBiih |
X |
X X X X X X X X X X |
|||||
|
8 |
, Tun jiiieeim seeiiloriini |
|||||||
|
9 |
1 Oliorliyiichus porditim |
.1,. |
||||||
|
10 |
Otiurliviiuliii.i tiiiiibjr |
|
||||||
|
U |
Ophryasten udiupuctnM Epiciorus mixatiliti |
do |
||||||
|
12 |
do |
|||||||
|
13 |
KpiciiTiis exiiniinis |
flfi |
||||||
|
14 |
E|)ieilTll8 I'lloMtllH |
do |
||||||
|
15 |
Kiiv.NciiniD.i;. Kiigmiinptiis gniiiihrviiH ,. Kiignaiiipf iiM <leceiii.sat iiM |
Ullgocene ... do |
||||||
|
u; |
||||||||
|
17 |
IIK/rKKOMKKA. Kiiii'U'iioKlD.i;. UliipiplioniH geiliiei |
Oligocviie ... |
||||||
|
1-^ |
Tknkiikidmd.k. I'l niliili) |iiJiiii;j;eiMiiN |
M. |
||||||
|
l!l |
liiiicliiiN aiiilis ., .,! |
i |
X |
Olij;oc«nef .. |
||||
|
211 |
rHYTOPHAGA. ChUY80.MKI.iI) K. • i.ilfnici'lla ])icn,( ('iy|iloi;cjiliiiliiH vetiistus |
M. M. |
||||||
|
21 |
.... |
X ! 1 |
... |
8.0. s.o. |
Oligoceiie . .. Ploistoceii«< . ....do |
|||
|
22 |
Donaiiii stiirii |
|||||||
|
2:1 24 |
UDiiaciii. poiiniatica 1 LAMKLLICOUNIA. SSCAIi.VU.KID.K. Tr(,.\ oiistaleti |
|||||||
|
25 |
ApliDclins pi'ueurMor |
.... |
i |
P.K. |
Pleistoceue . . Oligoceno . .. Pleistocene.. ...do |
|||
|
26 |
.iEifialia riipta |
X |
||||||
|
27 |
' 1 PliaiiiiMiH antiqtitjs |
|||||||
|
28 |
(;lia<ridiniH ebeiiiuimi |
i P.K. |
«^
TAbLKa-COI.KOI'TKUA, g49
DlSTKillLTIO.N OK TIIK Sl-K< IKS WITH WIIK II I IIKV AUK. COMPaKKD— ContlUlllld.
KxiHting 8]iecit'N.
FohhII upociuH.
w e.
NniiiK (if Hpuciug.
Where Ibiiiiil.
Hiiri/iiM,
^■1
ii
Nuiiie of Hpeuies.
Wliere liviiiii.
O. t«ti!r SclKiiih ... Alliintiv Stiites H. picivoriiH Ueriu.l Euitterii U. 8 ...
7 8 fl 10 11 12 19 14
15
to
17
ly
0.»iilcatiiH (Fiihr.). EiiHterii \. A
(). ciiuTi'ii.i Sdiiiiili. Mexico
K. griHHiLs Stiioiili do
° T. iiu.litor (Utiii.)..
Europe, N. Aiiier.
'" U. maiitiiiia L«C... Atlantiu StutcM 20
! t'. vcnii.'itiiN Kiibr. .. Easteiii IT. 8 21
^ 1). porosicoUi.'il.ac.. LakoSiip-.N. Eiigl. 22
! D. piiliinolliH .Siirt'r..: Illinoio i aS
24
25 26 27
2ti
° i A. ruricola Melsh.
Aiiticosti to La...
'^ i P. pluto Harold 1 Arizona, Me.xico
tl
''
U
!;l
•i
if
r.
650 TKUTIAHY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKllICA.
HvHTKMA'riu List ok tiik Si-k(,'ikh l>KKCitiiiKi> im tiik 1'hkubnt Wohk, kto. — CuutiDued.
r>
7
8
9
10
11
12
10 20 21 22
23 24
25 26
HyHteiiiatio list of H|Minii'H.
Orniipg, geiiurn, and NiifioUm,
8ERRKORNIA. Ptixiu.k.
Anobinni ovale
Aiiobiuni (1nc»ptiuii
Anobinni liKriitnni
Sitodrepa clcfiincta
HUPllKSTlDJi.
Dnpreglis tertiaria
BnpreHtis Hnxi^ena
BnpreatJH Nupiilta
KLATK.Itin.K.
Oxygonus niiirtniiti
Coryinbiles vtilatim
Cryptoh.vpnnH tcrrestris
Ephibauis (bOi't nn
Klateridiit up
CLAVICOKNIA. Byiihiiii>a:. NoHOtlflndrun tritavnni
NiTIDULID.K.
Pbenolia incaiiax
Proniotopia ib'pilis
CuYPTOi'iiA(iU).i:. AntheropbuiriiH priscn^
Cuci'jiD.t;. Parantlrita vrHtita
Kkotylid-k. Mycotretns binotalns ,
STAI'IIYI.I.MD.K.
Oxjilelini.
Oxy telns pristiuns
Bleiliii.s adaniiiH
BlediuH {rIauiatnH
Oxyporna HtiriacnH
I'n'dirhii.
Latbi'obium abscosHnin
Lathrobium interglacialr ,
Sliiphijlinini.
Lcistotropbns patrlarchicns
Quedins cbainberliui
Page,
4<.)1 )<J2 4it2 4U3
4!KI 41)4 405
40« 4!W 407 408 408
409 400
soo
501 501 502
Phitii ami tiguro.
M,: 1 8: 18 8: 24
LuoulilleH where found.
a a o
So
«2.
2: 2U ....
2: 24,25 ....
2: 26
5: 110,111
2: 30
5: 113,114
2: 28
7: :«i
7: 23 2: 20
7: 24,36 7: 41 7: 30
|
503 |
5: 118-120 |
|
504 |
8: 10 |
|
505 |
1: 35 |
|
505 |
1: :J6 |
|
505 |
8: 15,21 |
|
506 |
1: 38 |
|
507 |
5: 112 |
|
508 |
16: 8 |
'S a
•c-
CQ
N. N. N.
N. N.
S
-51
s.o.
Oeologloal horizon.
S.O.
Ollgocene. ....do. ... ....do . ... ....do. ...
Ollgocenef . Oligoceno ..
Ollgocenef .
Ollgocene ...
Uligocene ... ...do
Ollgocene . Ollgocene . Ollgocene .
Ollgocenef.. Ollgocene .. PlelMtocfine .
8. O. ....do.
Ollgocene .. Pleistocene.
Ollgocenef . Ollgocene . .
J
V
k:a
IJf,
ll1!Hl!lnii»pWMM'i«Wi
nHPPMMPMVMMipn
a
V.
ki
TABLKH— OOIJOOI'TKUA. 651
UlHTRIDUTION OP TIIK Hi'KCIKW WITH VVIIICM I'llKV AltK <."<>MP,\lll:l.-Cl>lltilllIB(l.
FosHil spocieH. KxUtliiK Hpouiuii.
Naiiii' of (i|)<!cieii.
Where fuuui).
IIiiriKoii.
B. Henvcta HoyU...
....<lo
,...<lo
SiubluB . ....do .. ....<lo ..
A<|iiitaiiiiuil
....<lo I
.....lo !
Nuini' of KpeclvM.
C. 8pU>iuleii8 Zicgl . . C. plitiintiiH LeO . . . .
Where living.
Luk<i8iip.,N. Eugl
Atlantic States
K. ooiiuitns EMcliBch, Boreal America
° N. nnicohir Sav
!! P. urosda (Fabr.) P. HoxniHciihtfaS.
A.oc;liraccii8Mel8ll. P. cephalotes LeC . M. aaugninipeunisL
O. rugosiis (Orav). B, annularl.'* LeU B. brevidenH \asV .
Penn. (SfRonthword.
North.U.8.; Canada, Centrol U. S
Northern U. S.
Arizona
Eastern U. S . .
Atlan. States; Eur.
Norlli America
New V'ork
L. elougutiim (L. ) . L. graude LeC
Europe
Lake Sup. to N. 0 .
6 7
8
U
10
11
12
i:<
14 15
10
17
18
19 20 21 22
23 24
25 2U
'iu
^.
'V«>*»'l.T-5'
o..\^
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
1.25
lit
m
Vi
1.8
|^|ij6
~ 6"
V]
<^
TM^
^l
'/
%^j> > mJ^I
Sciences Corporation
n WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80
(716) 872-4503
652 TEKTIAIIY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
8V8TFMATIO LI8T OF TUB SPECIES DbSCUIUBU IN TUB PitBSENT WOBK, BTC— Continued.
Systeinatio lint of species.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 14
15 Ifi 17
18
IS)
ao
21 22 •i:t
24
2.-> 2(1 27
Groups, geueia, au<l Hpccivs.
Staijlijidniiti— Cont'd Quedius breweri
Jlrjcharini.
Gyropliiena saxicola
Koinalota recisa
Staphylinites obsulctum
HVDKOIMIILID*.
Spliaridiini. Cercyon terrigena
lli/drobiini.
Hydrobius dcciiieratus
Hydrobiiis coutixus
Philliydnis priiiiiitvus ,.
PliilhydruM spp
LaecobiiiN elougatus
Berosus soxstriutus
Berosus UMiiiis
Hydrophilini.
Tropisteriins Bculptilis ,
TropistertiUH anxialis
HelophoHni.
HydrocUus aiiiiutiis
Hj'droclius rclictiiB ,
Helophonis rIgoHcons
DyTI8CID,«.
Laccophilini.
Laccophilus sp
Cakabid^.
Chlti'ni'ni. CliliBuiuM piuictiilatuH
Lehiini. Cyniiiidis aurora
I'latyn'mi.
Platynus seiiex
Platynus casus
P!atynus biudoi
Platynus lialli
Fiatynus dissipatus
Platynus deHuotus
Platynus barctii
Platynus ciesus
Page
.'>08
500 500 510
510
511 511 512 51? 51.1 513 514
514
515
515 51(i 51fi
517
517
518
51'J 519 520 520 521 .521 522 532
|
Localities where found. |
Geological horizon. |
|||||
|
Plato and tiguru. |
&4 |
Green River, Wyo. White River. |
0 |
|||
|
16: 4 |
1 |
Oligocene . . . Oligocene t.. Oligocene ... Oligocene ... |
||||
|
5: 12J, 124 |
X |
|||||
|
8: 14 |
X |
|||||
|
8: 32 |
Y |
|||||
|
2: 21 8: 27 |
N. |
|||||
|
X |
Oligocene ... do |
|||||
|
7 : 25 8: 5 |
.... |
X X X X |
||||
|
do |
||||||
|
do |
||||||
|
7: 8, ,28 |
.... |
.... |
....«'o |
|||
|
7: 40 8: 8 |
.... |
X X V |
||||
|
do |
||||||
|
Oligocsne. .. do |
||||||
|
8: 2 1: 47 |
.... |
X |
||||
|
s.o. |
Pleistocene.. |
|||||
|
8: 11 |
— |
X |
... |
Oligocene . . |
||
|
1: 53 |
|
— |
— |
|
S.C. |
Pleistocene.. |
|
5: 116,117 |
X |
Oligocene? .. Pleistocene. |
||||
|
1: 7 |
.... |
P.K. |
||||
|
1: 6 |
.... |
.... |
.... |
P.K. |
Pleistocene . . |
|
|
7: 38 |
y |
Oiigoceue... Pleistocene.. |
||||
|
1: 42 |
|
. .. . |
8.0. |
|||
|
1: 54 |
|
|
|
S.O. |
....do |
|
|
1: 41 |
— |
— |
|
8.0. |
....do |
|
|
1: 37 |
|
.... |
|
8.0. |
....do |
|
|
1: 43,51,58 |
— |
— |
.... |
S.O. |
....do |
|
|
1: 31 |
.... |
.... |
.... |
8.0. |
....do |
|
|
7: 34 |
.... |
X |
.... |
Oligocene ... |
t
«
•x;
TABLES— COLEOPTERA. 653
Distribution op trb Sfkcies with which Tiiky are Compaiiei)— Continuod.
t
|
Fo8sil specicH. |
Existio); specieH. |
|||||
|
Name of BpecieH. |
Where found. |
Horizon. |
o |
Name of specieH. |
Where living. |
|
|
Q.nioiochiuusGrav. G. vinula Erichs.. |
IT. 8.; Enro]>e . . |
|||||
|
o |
H. fiiscipes Curt . .. |
Cosniopolitau |
||||
|
o o 0 o c o |
11. pnnctippnnJHCIi. B.cuspidiif IIS Chevr T. nn>xieaniis Cant. T. binotatnsWiilk. H. HuticiiprensRiini!. H. tuberciilatnsG.. L. maculosnsGerni. C laticollis Say... C. americana Dej . . P.variolatnsLeC. P. rnbripesZinini.. Do. P. crenistrialus Le C |
Mexico.? . |
||||
|
Mexico |
||||||
|
Mt>xico |
||||||
|
Vancouver Isl . |
||||||
|
LalceSup. soutlnvd. |
||||||
|
Nor.U. 8. •ScnuiI'vM. |
||||||
|
Lake Sup. to Ga ... N. Y. toFla.,Ariz.. |
||||||
|
! I c o o 1 |
||||||
|
New York |
||||||
|
California |
||||||
|
0 |
p. halli |
Scarboro |
Pleistocene |
Mid. Slates to Kans. |
||
|
...do |
||||||
|
! o ! |
P. hindei |
Scarboro do |
Pleistocene do |
\/e8tern States |
||
|
P. halli . |
||||||
|
...do |
•In |
...do |
....do |
|||
|
|
18
t!)
20
21 22 23 24 25 2C 27 2S
i
f^mmiKfim^mmmfmimm9!9i
654 TKHTIAliY INSKCTS OF NOUTII AMKUIOA.
Systematic List of thk Species' Dksciiihki) in the Prksknt Wokk, etc.— Contiiiiie<l.
SyNtoiiiatic list oi species.
Groups, genera, and speuiua.
Page.
LMnini.
1 Diplocliila lu'ushawi 523
8 Dic'U'liiM iiiiiliiccuH 524
U Dica'liiH 8]> 525
!'tiroslichhii,
4 Pterosticliiisabroj^atiis 525
5 Ptero-ticliiiH (loniiituus 526
6 Ptciosticlins (IcHtitiitns 526
7 PtcroHticIiiis fractUK .')27
8 Ptcroiticlius ilcstnictim. 527
9 Ptorostichns yclicius .527
10 PterosticliiiN la'vigatiiH \ 52H
11 PterosticbiiHsp I 529
I I'ogoiiiiii.
12 Pstiob'18 gelatiiH .530
llcmbitUini.
13 Benibidium exoli'tiiiii 530
14 Hoiiil>i(lliini glaciatiiiii .531
15 Ik'iuMiliiiMi fri.^iim'iihiiii 531
Xcbiiiiii.
Hi Nebria iiiilfiiiMvlas 532
Loriverini.
17 Lor'iiera glacialis 533
18 I Loricera Iiitosia .533
Elaphrini.
19 KlapbriiH irregularis 534
Carabini.
20 Ni'otbauf B testcus 535
Ci/chiiiii.
21 Cycbrus wbeatlnyi .536
a Cjcbrus minor 537
DIPTERA.
CVCLOKHAPHA.
i OXCll.EID.K.
23 LoucbiL'a sciie icens ,539
24 I'alloptera niorticina 540
OllTAI.ID.K.
25 Litbortalis picta 511
Plato and tijiure.
2S: 9
1; 8-10
1: 15
1: 39
1: 49, .55
1: 44
1: 29,30
1: 46
1^ 52,59-()l
1: 3,4
1: 5
1: 48
5: 121,122 1: 40 1: 45
2: 20
1: 50.57 1: 32
1: 56
7: 32,39
1: 1 1: 2
3: 18 3: 15
3: 10,16
Localities where found.
9
C5
«
■a
b — « -^
.a 5
P.K. P.K.
8.O. 8.0. S.O. 8.0. 8.0. 8.O. P.K.
...;p.K.
1 .. 18. O.
8. O. 8. O.
Geological boris!on.
Oligoeene... Pli'iHtocene. ...do
Pleistocene ..
.do do .do .do do .do .do
Q. Q-
Pleistoouuo ..
Oligoceni! f .,
Pb'i.stoceMO .
I.... do
S. 0. 8. O.
Pleistocene . ....do
8. O.
P.K. P. K.
Pleistocene .
Oligooeue...
Plt'istoceno . ....do ,
W
TABLES— DIPTKRA. 555
DmTmHirn..x o,- ,n.-. Spk.mks w.rn wm,„ Tiikv akk C'..mi-.m,k„_c„,„>m,„..1. Fossil H|iecies.
<w S. o P
Name of slieoies.
Kxisting species.
Wliert! (imiid. lloiizon.
i !
> s
I N.iinc. „(si.-ci.'.s. 1 VVIiereliviiiK.
'^ U. iiiiijor Lo C . . . ! i). (iiltitatus Say. D. clorigatiis Hmi
Soiitlieni II. S
U. S.tinst, ofGt. Hs ....<lo
P. dcsti tutus
Scarbori) I'leistoceue
IMicrcnlanennAIaiiii I'nc. coast, Hi. Am ...
!! I P. la-tuiuM Le C....J (jal
! I P.savi IJrnll<!......i Atl. ami West. States .
!! I P.l)atruelisDei....i N.Y., Mid. States ! I P. hudsouicnsLoC I Hudson Bay
(i 7 6 9 10 11
18
i;!
P.septeMtrioiiisUfj. Nor. Kur.; Arctic Am
--■; ' H. ina'i|iialcSay J Nortlieru l,'. .S
- .| ! j -''•I'-ugulum LoC..| LalioSuperior; N.Y.... 14 --•! ! B.coustiictumSay.! New Euxland : i,--,
'^ |L.e.eriilesetn»l-iuii. Kor.Am. A lOiir.; Siberia. 17
! K. viridis Horn.... Caliloiiiia
18 19
ao
21
24
2r.
C. viduus l)e j
i C. andrcwsii Harr
Peunsylvauift
Central Atlantic States.
i^ryC)
TKHTIAUV KVSKOTS OF XOUTII AMERICA.
Sygteiuatlc list of gp»cioR.
Groups, Konora, aad speci,
; *^i-'n».Mvzti)yE.
1 Sci')iiij./u ri'vclatji
2 Suioiiiyza iimiica
" ' liKiii-o.
Local! lies wIkto found.
.542
a s 6
'CO
^ s=
3 Sciomyza disjecta
4 , Sciomyza sp
! IIk..().mvzi. )...;.
5 Hi'teromy/a nvuiUn
<> Heteioiiiyza (Iclecta
I AXT.KU.vni.K.
7 Aiillioiiiyia iniiiiiinain
8 Aiitlioiiiyia liiii.;;i.ssi
j WfsciD.i;
9 ; Miisca ascaridis
10 Miisca '.lilKwa
11 Miisca sp
12 Miiaca hydropica
l:i Alusea vinciiliita
14 MiiRca spp
'rACIII.M. >...;.
l."! I Tachiiia sp
! I'l-VrYl-KZ...,!,;.
16 Callomyia torporata
I Coxopii)..:.
17 j Poliomyia recta
I SYltl'..I..,E.
It ■ Mili'siu <iiiadiata
19 I Kristulis lapidoiis.
20 ' SyrpliiiHsp
21 . Chilosia ampla
22; Chilosia sp
83 Chilosia np
24 j Psilola fabidosa .
2.'> j Syrphldie sp...
ORTHOKHAPIIA.
D0.,IC.1()I>()I)II).,.;.
20 I Dolichopus sp
<'V.MI..,l.;.
27 AcrocerahiisiKa
A.SII.I.).],;.
28 Steiiociiiclis anoinala
.'■.40 r>4C)
r.47 f.48
.''.4H .'■.49
.'■•.-■•J
••i: .'Mi
(<: f: •■I: U\,i:,,)\ '
i l«. I".2II,I!3,J X •' X
( XI.XI., il---
10: ."•,
3: 1,2 5: 76
3: 19 3: M
6
v. 5
Q.
] ,
(»('nl(»jri(»ai liorixiiii.
Q.
•'>f)3 j r>: 106, 108
|
r..'-.:t |
1 6: ri t |
!«. 03, 107 5: 77 "1.99,100 100 |
1 |
|
|
.'■.54 |
•••l— |
|||
|
.'■).-.4 |
||||
|
.'■..-.4 |
X X |
|||
|
555 |
'•>•■ n .... |
|||
|
550 ' |
il: |
19,21 |
X |
Olijjocpiie
...do
...do
Oligocciic f ..
' «.■«■.»". ioiJr---| — -I X i j .... i Oligoce.in? ..
^ I Oligoceno ? .
^ j j •-■• OligoceiK. f ..
^ I j I Oligoceii,. • ..
^ I ' Ollgoceiin f ..
X ...
TABLES-DIPTERA. 657
D,«T«.BtT.ON OF THE SPECIKS W.TH W...CH T.,EY ARK COMPARKn-CcuinUort.
|
^ |
-. |
||||
|
Fossil species. |
ExistiDg speoiea. |
||||
|
Horizon. - C |
|||||
|
C c Name of species. Sg |
Where fonnd |
=1 i g Name of species. |
Where living. |
||
|
1 |
|||||
|
zz:: |
2 |
||||
|
4 r. |
|||||
|
i |
6 7 |
||||
|
8 |
|||||
|
|
9 10 |
||||
|
...... ,■«..,. ,,..., ,,,. |
U Vi 13 14 |
||||
|
1 |
15 |
||||
|
\ |
i |
16 |
|||
|
17 18 |
|||||
|
■ |
[ |
19 20 9,\ |
|||
|
^ 1 |
-••! |
1 |
82 23 '^4 |
||
|
• ----. ....... ^_ |
25 |
||||
|
... ...... |
X |
||||
|
1 1 1 1 |
|
a |
|||
|
VOL xiir- 42 |
( |
in |
B58 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Systkmatic Lisi OK THE SPECIKS Descuihed i.\ THE PuKSENT WoRK, ETC.— Continued.
|
Syirteniatic lUt of npeoi |
eg. Pajie i 505 565 566 567 .568 510 571 573 574 575 576 577 .177 |
Plate and tii;ure. |
Localities where found. |
Oeulugical horizon. |
||||
|
OruiipH, Konera, and speciuH. |
a es 0 So ■CO 0 |
0 |
V s « 5S |
li 1" |
i 0 |
|||
|
I |
A8lHD.K-Coiiliniiid. Steuucinvlis sp |
10: 15 9: 31 9: 17 }6il6,17.SV87.1 } «.43,«S.69j '■>: 90, 1!I.<U-A7 U> 40 41.63, il 5^ 37, '.W 5: 39 5: 78 5: .56, .57 5: 46,47 10: 4 10: 1 10: 8 5: 62 5: 18,19,28 |
i |
X X X X |
iin |
|||
|
2 |
Asilidiu sp Sthatiomyid.k. Litliophysu tnnailttt |
-... |
8. |
|||||
|
3 |
Oligoceue.... |
|||||||
|
4 |
ANitrconiyia cutiaver |
|||||||
|
5 |
TiPULIU.E. Uicrauoinyia rtigniosa DicianoMiyia iiriinitiva |
X X X X X X X |
Oligocene f .. Ollgocene Oligoceue t .. Oligocene f .. Oligocene t .. Ollgocene f .. Oligocjuiie t .. Oligocene T .. Oligocene.... do |
|||||
|
6 |
||||||||
|
7 |
Diurauouiyia nistiatii |
|||||||
|
8 |
Spiludoniyiasiniplux |
|||||||
|
9 10 |
PioiiopliUibiii redivivii C'ylturoniyi;* fuiioHtialii Tipiilii d(!crepita |
... |
||||||
|
U |
||||||||
|
12 |
Tipiila tucia |
X X X |
||||||
|
13 |
Tipiila Hpoliata |
|||||||
|
14 |
Tipnla ae|fnlchri |
.578 .578 .579 !>80 581 581 .581 .581 .582 582 .583 583 C85 686 586 588 588 589 590 590 1 |
||||||
|
15 |
C'HiuoNOMin*;. Chironouius suptuii |
Oligocene Oligoceue f ..! Oligoceue f .. Oligoceue Oligocene t ..1 Oligoceue? .. Oligoceue T .. Oligocene Oligocene f .. Oligocene f .. |
||||||
|
Hi 17 |
C'liirouoiiniH depletus L'liiruiioiims iiateus |
X X X X X |
|
|||||
|
18 |
Cliirouoiiiiiii sp Cliirono'uidu) sp |
|||||||
|
19 |
5: 32,33 5: 84 |
.... |
||||||
|
20 |
L'liiruuoinidu! sp |
|||||||
|
31 |
Cbirononiida- sp |
|||||||
|
82 |
CULiciu.*;. Ciilex <lauiuatorum |
iO: 14 5: ;i,9 5: 22,23 3: 20-82 t: 3,3, lO-U 10: 17 3: 17 10: Hi '- : U, U, M, U 10: 13 3: 12,13 10: 2 |
..., |
X |
||||
|
23 |
Culexproavitus |
X X |
||||||
|
U |
Corethraexita |
|||||||
|
25 |
B1H10NID.K. Pleoia similkameeua |
s. |
||||||
|
26 |
Plccia pealei |
T.C. |
Oligocene T .. Oligocene |
|||||
|
27 |
PIticia dejecta |
.... |
X |
|||||
|
28 |
Mycetophilid^. Sciara deperdita |
Q. |
||||||
|
i!9 |
Sciara scopuli |
... |
X X X |
Oligoceue Oligocene t .. Oligocene. I.. |
||||
|
30 |
MycetopuMa occnltata |
X |
1 |
|||||
|
31 |
Aiiatella tacita |
|||||||
|
32 |
Triclionta dawsoni |
.... |
Q. |
|||||
|
33 |
Ryinosia struugiilata |
...do |
\
■\
■"
A
/
k
jk
y"\
'
/ >*
\
.A
7
i\
A
TABLKH— DIPTBHA. 659
, OlSTKIUUTION OV TUK 8PKL'IKN Willi WHICH TllKV AKi: Cli.Ml-AIIKD— C'ull^iniKMl.
|
FuMlil HJ OliillH. |
ExiHtiu){ Biie>.-ieH, |
|||||
|
Nuuiit uf HpouieM. |
Where fouml. |
llui'i/oii. |
Nuiiiu of hpev'ieH. |
Where liviiit;. |
||
|
, |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
i |
||||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
|
! |
|||||
|
i |
||||||
|
i |
||||||
|
i |
||||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
i |
||||||
|
••"* |
||||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
o |
Sc. uuguliita Wiiiii. Kiirope |
|||||
|
1.... |
t |
10
11 ]-i i:i
14
1.-) ir.
17 10
ao ai
aa a:t a4
aC)
27
a.'i
29 30
ai
32
nil
660 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NOllTII AMERICA.
SvHrKMATU) lAHT (IK THK SpRciRS nRsciiliiilD IN TUB Prkskxt W()«k, ktc. —Continued.
Hyateniatio liHt orBpeoixN.
UruiipH, geiiHra, and N|i«ui«H,
1 8
a
4
G
6
7
8
9
10
11
18
13
14 15
16
"1
IH;
20 21 \
22;
2»!
24 25
26
I
28 29 30 31
Mtcrtiiphilid.k-
Brachypt^za aliita
Bracbypeza procera
Qnoristo deutoni
Bolotiua sepulta
Bolutiua umbratica
Bok'tina paludivaga
Siickonia arcnata
Sackonia sp
8uokenia sp
Anaoliniasp
Suiopbila byattii ,
Diadnoldia tprricoia
MycotophilidutHpp
CKClDOMYIDiK.
Lasioptera r(>ce88a
Lithuniy/.a <!onditu
LEPIDOPTERA.
TiNEIDiE.
Psecadia mortnolla
BnrMENOPTBRA. TKREBRANTIA.
'i'RNTHREDINID.t:.
Taxouus uortoni
ClIALClDID^.
Decatoma autiqua ,
BRACONIDi»:.
Calyptites antediluvianiim ..
Bracoii lamiuarnm
Braeun sp ,
BracouidsB sp
Bracouidie sp ,
ICHNEUMONID.E.
Icbnenniou petrinns
Lithotoriis cresaoni
Rhyssajnvenis
Piinpla saxea
Pimpla Mt^necta
Pinipla dewssa
Glypla tranHversalis
Eclytns Intatns
Cont.
Page.
591
591 fiiKJ 593 593 594 595 596 596 597 .597 r>9ii 599
600 (iOl
003
604
(K)4
fiOfi 60li f,07 607 607
608 609 609 610 611 612 613 614
|
Localities wlivre fonod. |
Oeolugioal horizon. • |
|||||
|
9. |
Plate and Hgiire. 3: 7,8 3: 14 5: 6,7 3: 9 10: 3 10: 7 5:3,4,12,13 5: f>0 |
a * 6 f |
f So |
is |
ll |
5 |
|
> |
... |
X |
Oligoceuet .. |
|||
|
1 |
Q. |
|||||
|
.... |
X X |
Oligocene.... . do |
||||
|
X X |
OligooeneT .. Oligocene T .. Oligoceno ....do |
|||||
|
X X X X X |
||||||
|
9: 12 10: 6 10: 10,11 10: 12 5: 89-31 5 : 34-36 15: 12,17 10: 26,27 10 : 20, 31 3: a-i 10: 29 3: 33 10: 18 10: 28 5: 14,15 10 : 21 10: 19 3: 23 3: 29-31 3: 27 10: 25 10: 24 |
||||||
|
....ilo |
||||||
|
do .. |
||||||
|
....do |
||||||
|
X X |
Oligocene T .. Oligocene f .. Oligocene Oligocene.... Oligocene.... Oligocene |
|||||
|
X |
||||||
|
X X |
||||||
|
Q- |
||||||
|
.... |
X X X X X |
|||||
|
s. |
||||||
|
Oligocene.... do . ... |
||||||
|
X |
||||||
|
Oligoc'iel .. Oligocene.... do i |
||||||
|
Q. Q. Q. |
||||||
|
Oligocene ....do |
||||||
|
.... |
X X |
|||||
|
.... |
^
TABLlia— UYMENOPTEKA. QQl
DlSTRIBIVnON OK TIIK Sl'KC.IKS Willi WI.KIl TllKY AllK COMPAHKh-Continued.
|
Kowtil HpecioH. |
ExUtiog R|l«ului. |
||||||
|
1 |
Nuiiit) (if RpecieH. |
1 Where found. |
Horlznn. |
Nitiiie of gpevivH. |
1 Wlinre living. |
||
|
a |
|||||||
|
4 |
|||||||
|
i !> |
|||||||
|
0 1 , |
|||||||
|
\ 7 |
|||||||
|
! H |
|||||||
|
1 " |
|||||||
|
i '" |
|||||||
|
11 |
|||||||
|
Vi |
|||||||
|
13 |
|||||||
|
11 15 16 17 18 lU 20 21 2a 2:» 24- 25 36 27 28 29 30 31 |
|||||||
|
• |
|||||||
|
... |
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
i |
|||||||
|
i |
|||||||
|
i |
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
o |
|||||||
|
|
i 1 |
.. |
1 |
<)*>^ THHTIAHV INSKOTS OK NOIITII A.MKItldA.
HVHTKMATIC LlHT Ol IIIK SfKCIKH UkW'KIIIKI) IN TriH I'HKHKNT \Vt)HK, KW. -(JoiltllllUMl.
Syntoinatic liHt of Hpi'cieii.
Oroiipn, Rnnora, Mu\ npeoipii.
I'brc. !
Plnli* mill ItKiii'i'.
liOCBlitifiii whertt foiiml.
a « d
CO
o
ACITLKATA.
MYll.MICIIl.fC.
A|iliii'iiO){ftHti'r l()ii(r,|.vii (jjjj :t: !J8
Myrmioa H|) ,itr> tO; a« ....
FOHVICID.K.
Ilypoulinea obliternta [ fli« 3:85,96
IJonii'tii|iiiiu piiiKiic : til7 i r>: 10
Koiiiiua arriiiiii i (j|m i 11: 24
LaNiiiH torrt'iig (jin 10: 2S
Uunipniiiitiis V'tiiH , j nii) .I: 1,2
Si'ilKiiin.i:.
DidineiN HolidescoiiH I (i20 ■ 10: HO
i
h
•a
(ieoloKical linrizoii.
OIlKocene... Olifcaceiie . . .
Oligoceno... Oli)(<K!«n«f .
OlinocHiie.. .
TAJJIiKS-ll VMKNOl'TKKA, 663
I;. ITIIIIIITION OK IMK HiKCIKM Willi IVIIII'II TliKY AKK CoMI-AIIKI)— Colltilinei].
|
FlHWil R|M)(lil!l|. |
KxiHtloK NiieuiM. |
|||||
|
H 1 |
Nntnii of HpenlpN, |
W)ier» rcnnd, Baltic ninbor. |
Hiiriznn. lilKiiriun .. |
Nanin iil'HiteoieN, |
Where living. |
|
|
A. bereotiti Mayr |
I |
|||||
|
a 3 4 5 7 H |
||||||
|
t |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I |
V. lunlcornia Fabr. |
Europe |
||||
i
I J_j i\ X Jjj k^ .
w
u.„.
I
PLATE I
EXl'LANAI'ION Ol' IM.ATE I.
All the ilrawiiigN weru iiiuUe by J. H»iir,v Blake.
Pig. 1. (^) Cycbnm wheatleyi Horn. "*• (t) Cychnis minor Horn.
3. (t) PteroHtiuhiiN lii-vigiitiiH Horn,
4. (t) rteroHticlius liuvigatns Horn.
5. (}) Pterosticliiisf »p.
•>• (r) C'ymiiulis nnroni Horn.
7. (f) CIilinninH imnutuiiunH Horn.
«i. (f) Dicii'liis iilutacoiis Horn.
9. (f ) Diciuliis alntacens Horn. 10. (j) Diciuliis uliitaceiiH Horn. U. (7) A|)ho(liii8 precnrmir Horn; a, upprr surface; ft, uaiitofa; e, under .Hnrfacc.
12. (f) Pliauu)nii autii|nnH Horn.
13. (f) Pliauiuns auti<iunH Horn.
14. (t) PliuuaMiH aiitiquim Horu. l.">. (f) DIlNuluM 8p.
lf>. it) VVitli AphudiiiD prounrHor
See niuler tUat Hpecies, p. 488.
17. (','') VVitli AphodiiiH preunrHor
See under that species, p. 488.
(f) Cbwridiuui elieuinuni Horn.
d) Cliieridiinn oheuiunin Horn.
(f ) Chturidium ebeninum H(H'n,
(?) OlKoridinm obeiiiunni Horn.
(?) ribieridium eboniMuni Horn.
(I) Hylastes? siinalldens. The letters represent the work of distinet indi- viduals.
(f ) -23 d. Hylastes? s<iualiaen.s.
(?) = a3 a. Hylaslusf squalidens.
(14535) (V) A fragment of vegetable tissue, put on the plat« by mistake.
(14535) (If) A fraguieni, of vegetable tissue, put on the plate by mistake. 668
'^^'■s'J:^tSSz'
Horn.
Horn.
18. li). 20. 21. 22. 23.
24.
25. 26.
27.
1 KiK.28. (14.5.58) (J,«) Donacia stiria.
2<.». (14532) Cn Pterostichiisfractus. I 30. (14532)(if) Pterostiohusfractus.
; - 31. (14475) (?) Platynus harttii. • .a. (14.55<»)(i,")Loriceraf lutosa. ; 33. (145r)6) (?) Donacia pompatioa. ■ 34. (14582) (f) Donacia pompatica. 3!). (11540) (V) Blediusglaciatns. 36. (14.'')r)2) (i,2^;0xyporu8 8tiriacus. •^ 37. (14563) (?) Platynus dissipatUH.
- 38. (145.\5)(i,<') Lathrobiuminterglacialr.
- ;n). (14.560) ('^) Pterostiehusabrogatus.
- 40. (U.5:«)) (1,0) Uembidium glaciutum.
- 41. (14525) (?) Platynus halli. - 42. (14523) (?) Platynus casus.
- 43. (1448<i)(?) Platynus desuetus.
- 44. (14.522) (f) Pterostichnsdestitutus. 4.'). (14509) (?) Uembidium fraguienturn.
. 46. (14049) (?) Pterosticbusdestruetus. 47. (14504) (J,») Hydrocbus amictus. 18. ( 14.586) ( ? ) Patrobus gelatus. 41». (14508) (1,°) Prerosticbus dormitans. •50. (V) Loriceniglacialis. . 51. (14478) (f ) Platynus desuetns. .52. (!) PterosticbuH gelidus.
53. (14505) (I,") Heluphurus rigesceus.
54. (14533) (f) Platynus bindei. •5ij. (14.503) (J|>i) Pterostichusdonnitans. ">6. (14.527) (\'i) Elapbrus irregnlaris. .57. (16416) (V) Loricera glacialis. .58. (14477) (V) Platynus desuetns.
59. (?) Pterostichns gelidus.
60. (16418) (f ) Pterostichns gelidus.
61. (V) PterostichuB pelidus.
(
rj S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THtl TRKKITORIES Tertiaf-iy Insects ov Noki'ii America
Pl 1
I osncliut A- .Snv, l.ith PhUai.
QUARTERNAFIY BoNE CaVFS AND ClAY BeDS.
|
-i |
i ■ i 1 1 1 |
I |
|
i 1 |
1 1 1 i 1 1 i |
1 1 |
''ifmmmm
EXPLANATION Ol' PLATE H.
-.--».,.„ „„ ,„.. ,„ , „„„, „,.,„ .„,,,.,„^ ^„^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^
FiK. 1. (JOftD) (0 Arunea «»l„„.l,u„ (4()aD)(V)Arauettcol,i.„l,i„..
,^^''^>(f)8ben«pI,iHq,.eM,eIi. (34aD) (f) Si,e„aphi» ^..e^..^,;. p,,^^
hene..ratlo,,,bevei„Mof,l,etw„„ver 'apping wings .liHtiugnml.,..! by b,-' ^,
(I9p) (f ) Oerancon petroriim
(15066) (^)TeIa,Ptrechu««,&Ii. (73D) (}) TelniatrecbiiH Hl&li (75D) (f) Cu,li,Ha coluiubiana 670
6. 7. -8. 9.
10.
11. ^18. Vi.
15. 16. 17. 18.
ly. ao.
21.
22.
23,
24.
2.5.
2ti.
27.
28.
29.
:to.
;ti.
3.'.
(6uD) (f ) Cercopiu Melwyui
(15072)(J)Cercopi8 8elwyui.
.^M<??>!'^, P'^n-'Phlebia gigautea. 14W,i.)(V)TeIeo8chiHtUNautin..„» 40«9)(f)TeWhi«tu,antiqu„ 4
■WD)(f)Teleoscbi8tn»a..tiq,.„.. ^ (••HD) W Nebria paleo.nelas
(i;.7D)(V)Ceroy«„rterrigena.
(fiID)(f)Troxon8l«leti. (51D) (f) Buprestis tertiaria (49D)(li)B.ipre8ti8 8axigena. (15073) (y)Bupre8ti8 8»xigeDa («3D)(¥)B,ipre8tig8epulta.
(24D)(7)Proaietoj.iaUepiIiH.
(WD)(f)Galerucellapice8. (<':<D) (?) Tenebrio primigenius.
U S GEOLOGICAI, SURVEY OF THM TF.RFITORIES. Tertiary Inheots of North AMERrcA
Pi, 2.
5
l>toi RincUir li Stm.l.lth
Tertiaries of Qtjesneli, Nicola, ano Simiukameen.
11i-.miv"1'I';ma . Coukoi'tkha, i;i(
PLATE III
■t s
EXI'LANATIOX
All the (IrawingH were i.iadfl by j. Henry llUke, o
^"iK. 1. (II))(V)Hetoromyz»He„l||H. '■^- (•") (f) HeteroiiiyzadciiiliH. :i. («D) (V) Sclomyzu revelata. 4. (14071) (f)8cioriiyi„M«volttt». **• C^l') (f) Soioinyzn rnvulafn. 8. (if)8clomy/,nreveluln. HeHtored. 7. CM)) (f) HrftLliy|iczftft!.itii. «. (14(i5r.) rf; Hrucliypozii nliitu. ». ('JD)(J)B()U,tiimgc|,iiUa.
10. (r.D)(f),Mthortalig,.icta.
11. (U(i51)(f)l)„i|oho,).wgp. la. ((!D)(f)TiiclioiitadawMO»i '
13. (l«011>)(f)Triohonta(l8WHoni.
14. (4D)(f) HraohypBztt prooera ; a, (V) hind
tibia.
15. (*)D)(?)I'allo,.toramorHcina.
16. (5D)(i',4)L,itbnrtulispict.i.
17. (4IL»)(Sn8..iarado|.ordita.
18. (17D) (J) Loncbiott Honesceiis li). (32D) (i,«) Anthoiuyia inaubuata.
673
OF PLATE III.
ixceptinK KiK. 6. which ig by 8. II. Sondder.
a-.'.
a.j.
'Jli. !<7. as.
as). .11).
:«.
;t;:.
34.
(16069) (f)Pl....|a«in.ilkanio«na.
(l.'-.()6H)(f)l.ieriaHimilkBmee„».
(HSD) (J) Plecia Kiiuilkameona. (Copied by Zittel, Handb. d palmont., Vig. lomi.) «, (^o) au'eniu.,; A, (J,") t|bi» and tani or liind leg,
'•'lU) (f) Pinipla saxea.
(i ID) (-) Foriiijca arcana.
CD) (?) Hypocliiiia oblitwata.
(MftVt) (J) Hypocliiiia obliterata.
(i>D)(})PimpIadece8»a.
(3,10) (f ) Aphioiiojjaster loujriuva.
(106D)(>o)Pi,„phi«,„..ct.i
(14a-.0)(f)Pi,„pias^ug„,„
(10D)(?)PimpI»Henect8.
CD) (f) Calyptiteg anfiNlilavianmi,.
(Copied by Zittel, 1. c, Kig. 1100 ) (7SD) (f ) Bracor. gp. (aaD) (V) Anthoniyia biirgesni.
U S. GEOLOniCAI, SURVEY OF THE! TFRRITORIES 'I'ertiary Inhkcts of Nobth America
Pi. 3
T.Sinol«r» Son litt.
Tertiaries or Quesj^el, Nicola amid SimiliKAMeen.
l)ll"r|'!KA. IIViMIONOI'Tr: l«A
\
PLATE IV
VOL XIII IS
BXPI.ANATION OF PLATK IV.
AH the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake.
Pig. 1. 2. :!.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
11.
(14601) (?) Telmatreclius parallelus.
(14600) (t) Plocia pealei.
(14594) (?)PlociapoBlei.
(i) Indusia calcnlosn. (Copied by Zittcl,
Handb. d. palseont., Fig. 985.) (V) Corydalites feoundiim. Summit of
egg from above. (V) Corydalites feciuidiini. Siinimit of
egg from side. Ci') Corydalites feciindnin. Base of egg
inclosed in its cell. (66) (?) Cwlidia wyoniingonsis. (St. 16) ('i<!) Sriom.Yza iiiancaf. (14613) (^^Plecia pealei. (14596) (?)Plecia pealei. (4o) (?) Plecia pealei. (f) Corydalites fvcnudum. The rigbt baud portion of Fig. 14 enlarged. (I) Corydalites feciindum. Side view of
one-balf of egg-mass, broken longitndi-
nally in the middle. 674
Fig. 15. Corydalites fecncdum. Schematic flgure, cross-section.
16. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Sivio view of egg-mass. (Copied by Zittel, 1. c., Fig. 9aio.
17. (V) Corydalis cornntns (recent). Side view of egg.
18. (-"^f*) Corydalites fticnndnin. Ciuteriform
roicropylic prominence of snmuiit of egg.
19. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Sawn cross- eectiou of egg-mnss.
«0. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Rock frag- ment, showing two egg masses embedded in it, with fresh-water gastropods beside them.
21. (^■^) Corydalites fccnndinn. Side view of egg. (Copied by Zittel, 1. c, Fig. 981ft.)
22. (^) Corydalus cornntns (recent). Side view of snmmit of egg.
23. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Broken ciosa- «30tion of egg-mass.
U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TF.RRLrORIES. Tertiary Inregts of North America
Pl 4
i
■•.?7r'>
^yW^W^ ^
WiT'
W"
14,
^»!^
"ll-
--- -^.i
;-:^:r^-m)(«i.}/;;Jg^5Nj
S£
T .^incliui Ir r,oii i-ilh i'hiU
Ml S C K Ij L. AN E O U S.
PLATE V.
i^^^i
EXPLANATION OK PLATE V.
Figs. 1, -i, 5, 10, II, II, I.-., 25-j:, 2i»-:u, ;!7-;«t, 4i-r>i, r>4, r.r>, f)8-tii, (Mi-7a, 74-76, 7SMJ7, m-'j-i, »'., 'm-ioh,
nO-Vii W.T.1 .hiiwn by ,J. Ilmiry lllake; I'ijjH. il, 4, ()-U, 12, i:(, l(i, 17, iia-24, IW-llT), 40, 41, W, 53, (iS, SH, H'J, Kli, itr. lost, lO'.td liy A. AsNiiiuiiii; FigN. 20, 21, 73, 77, 10«^10H, 125 by .J. II. Kuiortou; FigH. 18, I!>, r.(i, .")7, (W-(il by 1'. Hoctlir, iiutl Fign. 2ri, lid, 7ri, 'Si, 1)4 by S. H. SciKldor. Tlie origiual driiw- iiigs 111" FigH. G, l:i, 23, 57, ti4 were itlso altered by S. il. 8cii(liler, and Figs. 104 iiiul 115 were afler liiH caiiierit liicidu sketcbt'H.
Fig. 1. (16054) (V) OiuiiiiiinntiiH vutuii.
2. (I50.i4) ()) (.'aiiipiiiiDtiiii vi'tiu.
3. (lM).'i7) (3) Sai:ki<iil:iiii'i'uata.
4. (15<I57I (f) Suckmiiii arc'iata.
5. Cilfi) (}) Acrucura liiisiita. (t. (Wi) (^> (iiiiH-ioto (U'lituiii.
7. (la) (I) (iiuiriHUMleiitoui.
8. ;l<ta) it) ('itlex nroavitUH. b, (16(1) (I) (Jiilitx prouviliiH.
10. (15(IM) (I) Linmi'tiipuiii piiiKiie.
11. (<(W>) Ul'imI ot' a hyniHiiiipturuiis ins»ct. 1*2. (2) (0 Sackuuia a'roiiala.
13. (2) (I,') Savkimiaaii'iiiita. (C'oi)IC(1 by Zitttil, Jtlaudb.
II. paliiMinu. Ki;;. 1U8H.I
14. (7Ha) (}) [chiieu'inou petrinus. Ifi. (78ai ([) iclineuiuon petvinus. IH. (4b) (!j) Dicranom.Yia HtiKiii»8a.
17. (4b) ()) Dicraliolii'yla atiuiiiuHa.
18. j.'VI) ({) (JtiirniioiniiH patiuia. ID. (54) el) (.'liivonoiiiltH patfUH.
20. (67a) CO Divnuiiimviupriiiiltiva.
21. (S7a)(j) Dicraiioi.iyia priiuitiva.
22. (7a) (I) Cui'i'thravxita.
23. (7a) (1) Cim'IhraoiiiUi.
24. (7lf^) (t) Cliirnnoiuiilm Mp.
2.'i. (UL>b) (^) DicraiiiiiiiyiaarijiiiioHa. 2(' (O'.'b) (I) Dici'uiiiitnyia Hti);iiio»a.
27. (lb) (!) Dicianiiniviu Htiuniusu.
28. (.'>4) C,'^) ('hirniiuuiiiH iiatclis. 2!>. (706) (U Liiaioptfra rccfs-sa.
30. (70b) (*|) LaMioptera loceHaa.
31. (70b) rV) LaHiopt«ra roc«rt«a.
32. Old) (f> (Jhirniioinliliu np.
33. (7I''I (I) Chironumiilr H|i.
34. (L'-OSO) (;j) Lithoinyzncomlita. (Copied by ZIttel. 1.0..
Till. 1080. ) 33. ClO'iD) (|) LiMiumyza ciiiiilita. 30. (IfiO.'iO) (t) Lilliomyza ooiiil tn.
37. (77a) ('/) Spilailouiyia ahuplux.
38. (77a) (|) S|Mlailoiii.via HimplHx.
39. (15001)0) I'roaiiplilt'liia I'uiliviva.
40. (8i (jj) Diuiaiioiuyiariiatrata.
41. (8) (I) Dicranoinyia rontiata.
42. (.')3) h) l>icrauo;ii,via HtlKiixiiia.
43. (53) ()) l>l>M'aiioiiivia.stii:inuaa.
44. (.'i8<') ()) Mvuolopliila ucciillata.
45. (.'i8c)(i) Mvoi'topliilauoctillato. 40. (60b) ({I Tipiila tuula.
47. (UOb) (i) Tipiila tccta.
48. (46/<) (j) Kri.HlaliHiaplitoiiH. 4». (40b) (j) Erixtalis I'ipidKus. SO. (3:)i;) (';') Sackeiiia! up.
5t. (33<!) (V) Pai'opsc)uui4 (UHJiinotus. .W. (LWOl) (0 Hviliopsvelin'(ipiTt4l. .5.1. (1.50C4) («) lIvdropnyoliiopiTta.
64. (15000) (i) My.MMdpliila ocoiiltata.
65. (16000)0) Mviti'topliilaocciiltata. .56. (70a) (() Tipiila (li'crfpita.
57. ((Oa) (() Tipulailocriipita. 68. (43) (?) TnUiKonia ulilurta. 5lt. (43) (() TottlKollla obleuta.
60. (67i!') (?) (A ainallHiieeieso Milsciilie.)
61. (57f;') ({) (A RitiaU apetMus of MuaoiiliD.)
62. (4.5rt) (jj) (Jliiriiuoiiiiia ditplntiis.
63. (3D) 0) Oicraiiomyia tualiato.
673
Fig. 04. 05. 60. 67. 68. 00. 7U. 71. 72. 73. 74. 7.5. 7». 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. M. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 02. 03. 94.
e.>.
06.
07.
(Vf.
90. lOi). 101. 102. 103. IM. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109.
1 00a 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115.
110. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 129.
(30) (1) Uiernnoniyla roalrata. (6a) (j) Dicranoiuyia priiuitiva. (6b) (i) Uioraiioiu)'ia prlmiliva. (a/>) (I) Ulcrauuiuyia priiuitiva. (41b) ()) Oioraiioiiiyia HtiKniuaa. (41b) ()) DlcranoniyiaatlKiiioaa. (33) (!) I'aoliymci UK petrenaln. (33) ([) Paclirini'niH petreuaia. (JiO) (}) Mtiftua liyd.-ojiica. (71b) (0 Milan bilioxa. (50) (i) MitHca aacarides f (03b) O) Miiacaascaridesi (15063) (V) Ueteromvza detccta. (18) 0) Ml viuculaia. (15002) (t) CMtaroinyia feneatrata.
(17b) (
) &f uaca aacaridtia.
(7Hb) (2) MuHtaap.
(78b) ( ) MiiHCa a|i.
(52c) ( ) Miiaca a.icarldtia.
(62c) ( ) MiiHcauacai-idus.
(.V2c) (il) MiiMca aacaridva.
(16053) (I) MiiHcaaararidoa.
(17c) (I) Nliiaca aacaridf'a.
(03b) (j) Milaca aai^aridea.
(20) 0) Lilliiulollii'ipa vi'tiista.
(29) (j) Utlindotlnipa VHtiiaU.
(46b) (?) Mi'laiiollirlpa extincta.
(4.ib) (j) Mi'laiii>tliri)m vxtilicta.
(l.'iOSS) 0) Miiaua livdnipica.
(1.5055) (») .Miiara li.vdropica.
(44b) (V) livilio»i'ii]>iia lapidescena.
(41) (!) l)«lpluix at'Uilla. (22) rf) Aiihana atava. (22) (j) Apliaua atava. (.53b) 0) MiiHca a.scaridea. (,53c) (i) Miiacaaii.
(.53c) (f) Miiaiui np.
(10b) (t) Miiaca aacaridua.
(42) (0 Utiiadoti.lipavetuata. (42) i\) Litiiailotliritia vetiiata. (),") I'ala-utliriiiH tuaHilia.
(VI I'alnjothripa I'osHilis.
(44a) (}) UuHca( sp.
(20) (t) Muaca bjdrupica.
(73a) (j) Miiai'a? ap.
(10) (3) Eutiniiia priinurdialia. (Cupiud by ZltteL
I.e.. Fiir.lOll.) (10) (() EutiniuHprimonlialii!. (15002) (t) Ox,v):nutiH iiiurtiiiia. (1.5062) (V> Oxyiiiiiiiii niortaiia. (48) (1) l.eiatotropliim palriaruhious. (36) (0 Kpipliaiiia di^lotiia. (36) (H Epiphania delatua. (V» PiiboDthripa fuaailia. (Copied by Zitlcl. 1. o.,
Fig. 999.) (07) (}) I,aiio|iliilu8 ap. (07) (f) Laci-o|t]iiIiia ap. (63a) (5) Oiytehia priatiiiua. (63a) (1) Oxvtebiapiiatiniia. (63o) (■-') OiytiliiB priatiiiua. (34) (!) KeuibidiUTu exob'tiim. (34) (I) Banibidiuiu oxoletimi. (77b) (J) GyrophBiiia aaxicola. '
(77b) (J) GvriipliHina aaxicola. (46a) ({) Brucbaa anilia.
U S GEOLOGICAl, ^URVL-^Y OF THM •i'i'.F^^,
!HlEi
White River Beds, Wkstern Colorado.
r
x^
^si^fea^^Miw
PLATE VI.
EXPLAVATFOV
All tliedrnwingn were
I'ig. 1. (147P) (f) ]ljHa«ri.,„ ,,a„k,...lii , body only. '
2. (■»«!) (if) DysngrioiifrotUiririi; lico,l imd
basoof wii)jf.
3. (14fiP)(f)0.v«aKrion imekaidii; C.re wiriK-
(Copied l.y ZHM, Mnndl.. d. ,ml,..ont.' Fif;. 97!).)
4. (4175) (?) Lihollnla 8,..; ,,.v,m«.« of Vi.
16; imrf (.f(il,(l„i„n„. r.. (4178) (f) I)y„„„rio.i fre<lori.v ; ,,urt of
nlidoinoii. <i. (1170) (f) DyNaKiioii friMlriicii ; („rminal
jointHot'iilidoiiiitii. 7. (41Gi)) 0) I'odagiion al.ortiviiin ; tip „C
lore will); next pt.^rostigiiiii. 8.(41(59) (j) Podagrioii aUortiviiiii ; fore
wing.
!». (4167-4168) (f) ny«aKrion Crodorlcli ; fore wing.
10. (4179)(f)nyHa){rionlrpdorioii; Iicad.
11. (l47P)(})Dy8iigilon packardii; nhdomi-
iial uppoiKlagPH.
12. (858P)(V)r.vod.«t«rtiaMi,«.
IX (418H) (f) Proneinobiiw toriarins; fore wing.
14. (4165-41fifi)«)Dy8agrionfrpdericiiti fore wing.
ir.. (1541{)(y)luiug telhister. 1
678 I
OP PLATE VI.
made l.y ,1. n,.,iry Blake.
'•'ig. Ki. (4170) (f) LII.ellnla«p.; rcverseof Pig 4-
partofalxlonien.
17. (417.1) (f)nv„a,{rio„fred«ricii; abdomen;
ocoidonfally placed on the plate upside
down.
IH. (liap) C) Proiieniol.iiis indnratns; part
of wing. 19. (:WK) (f) (,'ixiiiH 'leHporidiiin. a<>. (I44L)(f) KiearaNitBH Mtlginatlnuni. iJl. (t)ProneniobiuH ti<rtiariiig. '-'■J. (f) ProiieniobiiiH Hniitliii.
a:t. (18K) (7) I'roiiomol.iiiHtortiariiis; hiudleg.
a4. (407(i) 0) I,yHtra richardsoni.
25. (l;t7p) (7) I'aralatlndiaNansNnrei.
«•■ (lUI')(f)Ci<;adiilaHaxo8tt.
27. (I75U) («) Apliana rotnndipcnnis.
**!' .?,!!:>^ *'' '''""'l»'i«<'l''ngata; fore wing.
29. (IOOR)(f)Acoceplial,madH..
:«). (4217) (?)Ly8tra richardsoni.
•"• (4207-4308) (?) l.ystra richardsoni.
■ 2. (115P) (f) C.Mcopitos calliscens.
;•«• (H«I')(f)TI,an.n„tettixKannettl.
.14. (117P)C,) Uaninmptoryx reticulata; part*
III two foro wingN. XV (4i»K)(})K„|g„rttgrannIo8«. •«■ /].'l'? 9' '^'*''"P»''' "'"iTiata; fore wing. •<7. (4185)(t)Lithop8i8ni„briata. ((Jopiedbv Zittel, 1. c, tig. 989.)
a S GEOLOGICAI, SURVEY OF THK rKKHITORIES Tertiary Insects of Nohth America
Pi, fi
Oeu S HftiTtw&SijTiH i
Green River Beds, Wyomino Terr
NKiHoi'TKriA , ()u'rii<)i"T»;nA 11i:mii"i I-; HA
^*«iL
PLATE VII.
Fig
Ail tbe drawings were ,ua.lo by ,J He.irv m l.
M4aia)(?)i,v„trancharaHoni.
': iSmT>"'''''""'"'''•''•'"*^«-»'- 73°w T^ """'"'"'^«'"'"««■■• 8 Mriw/ *''"'''"•'" r-atofact.v.
»I parently the tormina ofiL.ut ho, ,t, !
"•anco to Oliari.N l.iteiisis, Fie. !« j, manifest. *' ' '*
W ?)('ori.„8g„ttat.„. (l|.2H)('0),ste,.o,„,Uar..„ct„lata.an..a
15 1 OpV/^wf"''"'"'"' """"'»"'■- '• . "'^(^)*^"'«'"»l'om.lata.
s' ■Si"'^""'''*"^*«"•"■^"I"■ 18. (liaP)(V)01ian.8n«ton.si«.
^1. (l"P)(f)Cbolulatrig„ttat». 680
11. 12.
«o. ci.WK) (f) Pbeiio aincanax
(^op.ed^yZitte..Haoab.aWon7:
^ ,fLS '-'''''"''"'^ ^^"'mtn.; r...r>^ .« f!"'"''"^ "^ Laccoblus ol«n«at„s
■,7 )f;^^^''''^'«"tl'a"e8te8ten8. ■4. (AiP)(r)PIa.;ynu8c,osns.
?\l2/r w"''"''''"''""'"■'"^"'''• .,„ ^, •'^^ W Platyiinssenox. •9. (4059;(nNeotbttue8tc8te..s
^^L^ ^" -"''wndrita vestita.
41.
4a.
I ^
i
>**7 """^
U S. GEOLOGICAI , SURVEY OF THE TE?VdT DRIES Teetiahy Inskcts of North Amebfca
Pl 7
'■ir-^.a Htim3*»i-^tn( (.;'.rij'r\i(«
Creen River Beds, W^omino Terr
Hi-.Mii''i'i';r».>, ('iji.K»>PTr,iiA
PLATE Yin.
EXPLANATION OF I'LATE VIII.
All the drawings were maUe by J. Heury Blake, excepting Fign. 5, ;i(),
Roetter.
Fig. '. 2. 3. 4.
:U, 33, 34, which are by P,
6.
7.
8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18 19. 20. 21. 82.
(4038) (V) Anobiiim ovale.
(4023,4027) ('{) Tropistemus naxMU
(15223) (i,s) Cryptorb.vuch.i8 annosne,
(-.035) (f ) Cratoparis repertiis.
(15199) (f ) Philhydrus primfcvns.
(3999) (JjO) Dryocictes carbonarius.
(4104) (f ) Epicmriis eftossuH.
(4002) (?) Berosi.s tenuis.
(106L) (\J) Cboragus fictilis.
(408I)(f)Ble(1iu8adamu8.
(¥) Hydroohus rolictus.
(4046) (f) Eugnaniptus decenisatus.
(4204) (f) Otiorhynchus ♦uinbic.
(f ) Homalota rocisa. (15204) (f) Latbrobiuui abscessuui. (48L) (3,0) Anthononius soporus. (V) Horniiscus partitus. (40S6) (\o) Anobiiini deceptum. (V) ^gialia riipta. (15234) (f) Kuguaruptiis grandiovus. (84P) (f) Latbrobiiini abscessum. (f ) Tanyniecus seculoruui. The rostrum is lacking, not having been esposed when the plate was made.
Fig. 23. (f ) ListronotuR iimratus.
24. (4082)(f)..Doliiumlignitam.
25. (15213) (£) Otorhynchus perditns.
26. (4047) (V) Gymnetron lecoutei.
27. (4007) (f) Hydrobins deciueratus.
28. (15218) (V) Dryocaitcs impressus.
29. (4078) (?) E«dlagog-,s terros.is.
30. (15239) (DEpic.orus oxauiniis.
31. (15239) (f ) Epicii niR oxauimls.
32. (1.5200) (t) Stat,:i/l-,itcs obsoletum.
33. (15207) (i) Epic... rns saxatilis.
34. (15207J (f) Epicurus saxatilis.
35. (f ) EpicKTus effossus.
36. (15208) (f) Epicjcrus saxatilis.
37. (4051) ({) Hylobins provoctus.
38. (4014) (i,0) Epicerus exanimis.
. 39. (4210) (f ) Ophryastcs compactus.
40. (4012) (?) Cratoparisf olusus.
41. (15215) (?) Hylobius provectus.
42. (3991) (f)Epica!rus exanimis.
M
I i
i*s«a:j ^-fiiSi* »^ v*?^^Mair¥aH
u s. G?:nLGGi(:Ai, survey of tfie territories
!'[-;htiary In.'-'.kc;'!'; '.'V Mdhtii America
'3pu S H»rnp*Snnii I.i'ti Th;'
Green River Beds. Wyomino Terr.
< ■( ii,i;<>i"i'i;ma
PLATE IX
,_ © x^ '
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.
All the .IrawingB were made by J. Henry IJlake, excepting Fig. 21, which iH by Edward Barge.*
Fig. 1. (1619-2) (f)Sciomyzainaiioa.
2. (15186) (Jf ) Soiomyza manoa.
3. (15187) (V) Soiomyza manca.
4. (4125) ^?) Scioniyza manca.
5. (15193) (f ) Sciomyza manca
6. (15186) (¥) Sciomyza manca.
7. (^°) Sciomyza di^ecta.
8. (4U3) (If) Chilosia sp.
9. (59L) (f ) Psilota tabidosa.
10. (4143) (?) Stenocinolis anomala.
11. (71L) (\o) Callomyia torporata.
12. (66L) (V) Anaclinia f sp.
13. (14691) (f)Milesiaquadrata.
14. (16184) (f) Chilosia ampla(T).
15. < 15191) (f ) Sciomyza manca.
16. (15196) (f ) Sciomyza manca.
17. (V) Asarcomyia cadaver. 684
Fig, 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32 32.
(15188) (?) Sciomyza manca. (14696) (?)Poliomyia recta. (4121) (?) Sciomyza manca. (14696) (?) Poliomyia recta. (2L) (?) Sciomyza disjucta. (15195) (?) Sciomyza manca.
(15189) (?) Sciomyza manca. (4149) (V) Sciomyza dinjecta. (?) Chilosia f sp.
(4112) (?) Chilosia ampla. (15194) (?) Sciomyza manca. (f ) Sciomyza manca. (15237) (^0) Soiomyza disjecta. (?) Lithophysa tnmulta.
-.197) (?) Sciomyza disjecta. (4131) (V) Sciomyza disjecta.
0
u s. oriULnnicAh :ujhvf,y of thi'; 'I'I'IRhi'i^ories.
"f.htiaf-iy [nskc'ivs ok NnKTii Amkkica
Pi,
r.'. Binclair S, Sun I,i!li I liil.ul
Grekn River Beds, W'vomino Terr.
1)li"i-»:i«A
PLATE X.
KXlM.AffATION OK IM,ATK X,
All the (IrawiiiKN w»ro iiiucio by J. Henry Blake.
Flff. 1. (9i')(f) Tlpula sepulfiliri.
•i. (HP) (f) Ryiiio»iii Htrangulnftt. :t. (:I7L) (f ) Bolotlim umbrntifn. 4. >.7) Tipnla Hpollata. r.. (IHP, roveweil) (J) Siiioiny/.n f n|». <i. (!K)L)(V)Sci(>i)Jiil,il.y»ttii.
7. (I,*) Holotiiia imliiiljvugu.
8. (lOP) (1,0) Cbiroiioiiiii.t wtptiiM. a. (98L)(?)8.vii.hi.I.i.frtp.
10. (151H8)(V) Diudocidia terricoU
11. (15182) (?)Dla(l()ciilia terricola.
12. (4134) (V) Mycetopbili(l.i) np.
13. (14P)|i,<')AnatelIatacita.
14. (V)t ilex clamnatonim.
15. (fiL) f ) StenooincliHf Hp.
16. (aP) (','; Suiara Hcopiili. 680
FlK. 17. (8P)«)PleciB dejecta. 18. (130I')(J)Uraconidni8p. 10. (ia9P)(f)Khy(WBjiiveiii8. ao. (15178) (»,") Decatoiiiaantiiiiiaf ai. (131P) (1,0) LiUiotonw creHW.iii. aa. (l.-inTX^J^MymiieaMp. 33. (1409a) (?)LnHi«H(„rreiw. ai. (:«!L) (f)K«lylu8liitutns. a."). (7tiL) (f ) Glypta trnnHvergalU. a»i. (2aL)(';)Taxoimg nortoni.
27. (iaL) ({)Taxoiiii» nortoni.
28. (13:iP)(f)Bracouid.Bgp.
23. (4Ulfi) (V) Bracou laniiuariini.
30. (132P)(?)DidhieiH Holidegcens.
31. (4070) (?)I>eratoiuaaiiti(iua.
Green River Beds, Wttomino Terr.
PLATE XI.
7^::
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.
All the drawiofrg were made by J. Heury Blake.
Fig. 1. (9285) (f ) Epeira sp.
2. (3804) (?) Epeira meekii 9 .
X (13521) (f ) Theridiniii opertuiieuii' 9 .
4. (2831) (f) Clubiouii tireana,;.
5. (8269) (}) Anyphaiiia iiiterita9 . . fl. (13523) (j) Epeira <lflita((3'f).
7. (7583) (?) Epeira aliscuiidlla,;.
8. (8205) (?) Tethnous giiyoti g .
9. (9677) (}) Tliomisiis disjunctus.
10. (320) (?) Tethueus guyoti ; .
11. (5000) (f) Tetragnatha lertiarla,?.
12. (11651) (f) Neph la peniiatipe89 .
13. (5502) (f) Thomisus resiitus. Tbu libiie
Hhoiibl be slenderer at the base.
14. (8689) ( i ) Tethnens hentzil ^ .
15. (8777) (f) Epeira eiuertoiii,?.
16. (8576) (f) Epeira ciuefa«ta<?.
17. (9211) (?) Epeira meekii ^ .
688
23. 24. 25.
I'lg. 18. (6492)(f)Clubionalatebro8a,f.
19. (5117) (f ) Epeira emertcni $ .
20. (9026) (?) Theridium seclusum <J .
21. ( 1.3522) ( f ) Tethueus provectus 9 .
22. (5944 ) ( ? ) Cliibiona eversa J . (4742) ( f ) TboiuiHiiH dufosHiis <? . (199) (?) Clubioua ostoutata <f . (14032) (?) Liiiyphia reteiisa,? . K.-v. i.v
of Fig. 27, lower part.
26. (845'») (?) Parattus resurrectuH ( 9 f ).
27. (12s>/6)(?)Linyphiareteii8a<J. (See Fig. 25.)
28. (805) (?) Segestria Hece8aa9.
29. (13520) (?) Titancuca iugeiiua9.
30. (4921)(f)Anaiit, iutroducedby aucideut.
31. (7177) (?) Tethnens obduratii8 9 .
32. ( 11203) (?) Titanoeea ingenua9 .
X,
!KlW»SiBS*ii»!ai.
XJ S. C.EOLOCICAL SURVFJY OK THFl rEHKITORlES Tehtiaky Inkeots of NfiH'i'n Ami.;ixiga
i'l. :11,
The FijOKIkjsant Basin
Al< A<1INII>.\
PLATE XII
VOL XIU a
«"
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
All the drawings were Fig. 1. (399) (f ) Cone of Sequoia, seen in cro«,. section ; supposed when this plate was engraved to be a coiled luyriapod. a. (8616) (f) Paroternius hagonii.
3. (1247) ff) Parotermes fodina).
4. (13526) (j) Ephemera niacilenta, larva.
5. (8824) (f) Ephemera iuiinobilis, larva.
6. (6010) (f) Hodoternies T coloradensis.
7. (10660) (f) Ephemera pnmicosa, pupa.
8. (4643) (?) Taphacris reliqnattt.
9. (5.587) (f) Ephemera exsuccii.
10. (13526) (f) Ephemera uiaciU-iitu, lurvn. a. (349) (V) Necropeylla rigida.
made by J. Henry Blake.
Pig. 12. (19M) (?) Eutermes meadii.
13. (9041) (?) Parotermes insignls.
14. (400) (f ) Parotermes insignis.
15. (1516) (?) Ephemera pnmici.MU, larva.
16. (233) (I) Ephemera pumtcosa, larva.
17. (31) (?) Entermes meadii.
18. (1693) (?) Leplsma platy r;i. Some of
the abdominal joints are uoi.iuilicated.
19. (4643) (I) Taphacris reliquuta.
20. (6049) (?) Entermes fossarum.
21. (310) (J^) Necropsylla rigid,,. a2. (11190) (I) Parotermes fwliuu).
U S GEOLOGJCAL, SURVRY OF THE TRKRITORIES
IV.RTiAKY rHSif.(;'i';; of North Amkriga
I, IE
T Smcliui I Son Ijth PhiUa.
Thpj Fi.orihsant Basin
MvKiAi'oii A . Ni;n<<ii'i'i;uA
"•w^^.^srj
KXPI.ANATION OF PLATE XIII.
Kg. 1. (8347)(J)^gohna(iEsohna)iioIUla. 8. (8995) (f ) LimDopH.vohe diHpersa.
3. (7728) (f ) Nearunia evanesceim.
4. (8619) (?) Llthagrion hyalinum. 6. (407) (}) Phryganea labefaota.
6. (8016) (?) Agrion exsnlaris.
7. (12239) (f) Polyoentropus T wviratos
8. (6824) (I) Agrion maBoesoens.
699
All the drawings were made by J. Heury Blake.
Pig
9. (6824) (t) Agrion maaoewens.
10. (13525) (t) Agrion tellnris.
11. (1816) (t) ^sohna larvata.
12. (6927) (f ) Litliagrion nmbratuni.
13. (2514) (f ) Derobroohns craterie.
14. (816.1) (?) Lithagrion umbrutiim.
15. (11603)(t)iE;8ohDa(Ba8i{esobna)aeparaU.
ij s c.ti'.ni.onrrAi, r.uKVKV df thk TKHKn'oruEs
Trrtiary lNKE(yr5;. nv NoH'm Amkhica
Pi, [3
T Smcliii I SoM l.ilh PhiU
The Flohissant Basin.
.Nki'hoptkha .
PLATE XIV.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XtV.
All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake, exuuittint; Vign. l;t uiul 14, which were traced by S. H. Scnddt-r from a niicrophntofrrapli, taken by Sainiicl Wells, Ksq.
ii
Fig. 1. (I.,i8f.) (^) Inocelliu vi-lcniriu. The vein repr-senfiug ii brut coHtal vein «f the right wing does not exist. it. (438:1) (f) Uhiiiihidi!! T traiiquilla,^ .
3. (13f);i7) (f) Obuiylns reqnietus.
4. ((>:)) (f ) Hulti)r|)a iiiacnhwa. &. (6:<) (I) Holcorpa inaculnr-.a.
6. (670) (J) Tribochrystt firinnta.
7. (8792) (V) Trib(,chrysa(iinmt».
5. (14l(;8) ()) Oaniyln.i r, .{iiielnH.
9. (ll'A)4) (?) Tril)ocliiyHa vetiiNcnlu. 10. (8?9-.J)(f)TriboohrysaHrnmta; hind win);. G94
Fig. 11. (8792) ([) TribochryHtt firniatn; fore wing.
12. (»:)7:<) (f) luocellia HODiDolenta9.
l:<. (^:UU) ({) Paheochrysa stricta; front wing; the basal halfof thenppercnbital vein shonld not be straight but zigzag like the apical half; tlio basul portion of the intercubital area is also wrongly given.
14. (7340)(f )Palieouliry8a8tricta; hind wing;
the cross veins of the costal area are not shown.
15. (956) (<() InocelliatumnlataJ'.
pammmmm
U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary iNSKf.rs of North America
Pi, 14,
...lan- t Don l.ilh Ph'^iii
TlIK Fl.ORTHHANT BASIN .Nrriu>i-ri;n.\ (I'lami-kn-nia.)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.
All tbo drawiiigg were made by J. Henry Uliike.
Pig. 1. (8065) (f) Leptobrochtis liiieus. a. (9416) (f) DerobrochuH iiiarcidns.
3. (8d5*) (f) Leptobrocbiis liiteiis.
4. (1.947) (?) Derobrocbus ciaterie.
5. (1441) (I) LiniuofibiliiH soporatiis.
6. (5433) (f ) Derobrocbus friKosceiis. (11205) (f) Hydropsycbo marcens. '319) (V) Diopleginn iibdtictuiii. (13137) (¥)Tinodes paliidigena. (14210) (?) Litobrochiis exteriiatns. C96
8,
9.
10.
Fig. 11. ((i8B4) (V) Megobrochus letbieus.
12. (9630) (f) Psecadia niortuella. Reverse of Fig. 17. (4423) (If) Mesobrochiis iinbecillus. (8422) (f ) Paladicella eniptiouis.
15. (11754) {ij) Setcdes portionalis.
16. (2677) (f) Derobrocbus frigescens. (8460) (f) PReca<liu niortuella. Reverse of
Fig. 12.
13. 14.
17.
Wi
IJ &. GEaLOGIGAL SURVKY OF 'I'HM TERRITORIES 'IturJAKY iHSKtn'i; of North Amf.ric.a
I'l, l.S.
Su.r.Uir 1 ;'.<.i-. l.iO. I'hiU
The FijO«.issant Basin
PLATE XVI
EXPI^NATION OF PLATE XVI,
rt- -■■■'>
Fig. 1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10. 11. 12.
All the drawings were ...ade by J. Henry Blako, excepting Pig. 18, wl.ieh is by 8. H. Scndder.
(1.603) (f) Lubiduromnia borniausi,?. (390) (f ) Labidiironmia niortalc J' . (3B32) (^) Labiduroninja avia$. (1.381) (f ) Quedins breweri. (13644) (f) Jjabiduromma avia^. (3705) (}) Labiduronima mortale^. (2604) (f ) Labidnromma infernum g . (10627) (f ) Quedins cliamberlini. (5004) (f) Labiduronima labena (young).
(11208) (f ) Labiduromma comniixtum 9 .
(11209) (?) /^abiduromma avia9. (13546) (f) Labidnromma exsulaturaj.
(Copied by Zittel. Handb. d. palieont.. Pig. 959.)
Fig. 13. (14471) (^) Labidnromma labens^.
14. (4736) (J) Labidnromma gilberti ^ .
15. (8334) (}) Labiduromma tertiarinm$.
16. (7118) (}) Labiduromma lubcn8,J.
17. (1832) ( j) Labiduromma commixtnni 9 .
18. (14688) (I) Labiduromma tertiariiini J.
19. (316) (f) Labidnromma lithophilum 9.
20. (13001) (f) Labiduromma mortale 9 .
21. (4925) (j) Labidnromma tertiarium,J.
22. (11740) (f ) Labiduromnm avia<f .
23. (8022) (f) Labidnromma avia 9.
24. (5278) (t) Labidur ,i ma sp.
3! I
U S GEUL0GK:AI, T^URVKY OP' the TRRRITOy^tES
'iKf<riAHY InKKCTO of NoFVPH l.MERICA
Pl 16
vV :
I ....1
:n '
•v^
15 *,^^
*^^,» ("*.^i
^
'IKM
v^
>^
, -4 • 1
'4
^
FT'
■ I
The Florissant Basin.
OhTHUI'TKUA I I''<>1»KI<I!I.AH1AE.)
T 3mRl«i S. TiL-n i.iih PhiUd.
i
>
t
;
KXPr.ANATION OF IM.ATK XVII.
AU the a.wi„«. .e. ...... ,, ,. „„„^ „,^^^^ _^^,__^ ^^^_ ^^ ^__^^^ ^^ ^^ ^_ ^_ ^^^^^^^^
'"'' tLe joint*
^tC- '• (V) TyrbuU niMelli. Ou of the autennal club. 2. (f ) Tyrbiila riisselli. Anteume, 3- (f) Tyrbnia riiswlll. (Copied by Zlttel Handb. d. palinont., Fig. 965.)
4. (f) Tyrbiila russelli. Tibial giiiiieH
5. (rJ89)(t)(Edipodapr„.focata ™-
6. («K) (f ) Gonipbocerns abHtriigiig.
7. (1724) (f) Cyinatomera inaculata. ti. (8M) (I) Hommogamia ventriosa
9. (7M4)(f)Locu8ta8ilen8. A portion of the
Jeg, ahowing spines. 10. (7644) (f)Loonsta aliens. 700
Kig. U. (5817) (J) Agatheinora rechisa. la. (5122) (?) Zotobora brunneri. 13. (14720) (?) Tyrbula ninltispinosa. i4 '••---•
9.
(11557) (\) Litbyinnetes giittatus
(Copied by Zlttel, I. o., Fig. 969 )
(11557) (?) Lithymnotes gnttutus
Showing the cellular spotting.
(i:» 50) (I) Orohelimum placidumS
(■«642)(?)Grynaori8cineri8.
la ( 13551) (f) Orohelimum plaoidum^. Fore leg.
19. (13561) (I) Orohelimum placidum^.
15
16. IT.
Hi
it pi
))■■ NoHTH America
i^
.«r"-
.^
uf^
:.t
A
^
^■%
%
"5j-;
H,
The Florissant Basin
tJU'rilOI'-I'KHA .
It
ijiiiiii
Mi
PLATE XVIII.
EXPLANATION OF i'l-AT" XVIII.
All the drawings are by J. lioury Blake.
Fig. 1. (lKJ2I)(f) ArohilachnnspeDiiatus. (Copied by Buoliton, Moiiogr. Brit. Aphides, Fl. lX^, Fig. 3. S. (315) (^*) Schizoneuroides 8 c ii d d e r i. (Copied by Bucktoii, 1. c, PI. 133, V\^. 5. Copied by Zittel, Handb. d. palaiont., Fig. 986.)
3. (10205) (f) SipboDophoroides oitiqiia.
4. (070) (-V) Tephrapbis simplex. (Copied by
Bnokton, 1. c., PI. 133. Fig. 2. )
5. (144.">0) (f ) Sipbonopboroideg antiiina.
6. (314) (V) SychnobrocbuB rcviviscens.
7. (ISfUiS) (f) Sipbouopboroides autiqua.
8. (538U) (f ) Apbidopsis margaruui.
702
10.
P. 12.
Fig. i). (4a27) (f) AnooiifctngdoreuosHs. (Copied by Bnckton, 1. c, PI. 133, Fig. 4.)
(8889) (f) Siphonopboroides antiqua. (Copied by Buckton, I.e., PI. 133. Fig. 1.)
(1044) (7) Apbidopsisap. (immature,'.
(3!»(7) (f ) Sl>eiiaphi8 qiiesueli.
13. (340) (f ) Annlancoii lutosuB.
14. (4475) (f ) Oryctapbis recondita.
15. (6993) (f ) Arcbilachnitg ponDatus.
16. (4615) (f ) Archil.icbiiu8 pennatus.
17. (I77> {'{') Arcbilachnus pennatus.
18. (80l5)(f)Pterostigmarirnrvum. (Copied by Biftkton, 1. c, V\. 133, Fig. 6.)
19. (8085) {>() Tephraphis walshii.
II '!
U S. GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY OF THE TERRLr DRIES
NOR'
r .".mcljui- S. ;'ion. Lilh PhiUrl.
Tjik FL.onissANT Basin.
lli;Miiri;n\ (Homo i-i i;ha Ar.unAl". .)
! I
Hi
§
- — ™ ,-<iv)m.*m!iiii)a
M^4
PLATE XIX
N
i
BXP1.ANATION OF PLATE XIX.
All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake.
Fig. 1. (12069) C-^) Fulgora obticesoeus.
S. (362) (^) CercopiH Biitlbcata. A portion showing tbe surface structure.
3. (262) (f ) Cercopis sufTocata.
4. (14229) (If) Gypona ciiiurcia. .'i. (2658) (^) AKalliaubHtnujtii.
(i. (10479) (") Uociuius ]myll«iil<'H.
7. (307) (^) Agullia lowisii.
8. (12088) (?) Nyctopbylax vassJ.
9. (76a8^ (i ) TcttiKoiiia prlHomrincta.
10. (4379) (f) A).bn)|iliora up.
11. (11771) (f) Ny(-li)pbyla.\ nlileri.
12. (1.789) (4) FlorisHautia elegoiiB.
13. (1278,5) . ) Elidiptera regnlariH.
14. (1.705) (^. Cixiuaf itroavaa.
Fig. 15. (11307) (f ) Acocepbalns callosuH.
16. (5188) (Y) Jassopsis evirens.
17. (9299) (?) Docinms psyl.oideH.
18. (1015n) ({) Agallia ilaccidu.
19. (10(i72) (lf)TbisNi)eclnien wasacci'li ntally
overlooked in workingup tbe f.iunu. It i» evidently tbo anterior Imlf of one of tlie Cercopida and nppurenlly a specieK of LocritcH, lint doen not agree witli tbe otber species known.
90. (3412) (\') Tbainnotettix fundi.
21. (1.^0.5) (f)A«>tllialewlHli.
•?S. (6655) (^i) Clastoptera eoiuatocki.
!C (4552) (V) Tbliboiu«nu8 parvus.
^mclaii A Hoti I.ith PhiUu
The Florissant Basin
llK.MiKir:nA. (Homdi'tf.ha)
PLATE XX
VOL XIII — 46
KXIMiANATION OF 1»I-ATE XX.
All tlie ilrnwiiigH wi>ro iimdo by J. Hoiiry Klake.
4 i '* I
Fij;. 1. C(i06n) (f ) ralecplioni pricviiL-iw. a. (r>Or>H) O) I'alaphrmU-H irro>!iiliuiM.
3. (i:»584) (f) Pulec|iliurikcoiiiiiiiiiii8.
4. (a900;('|i) Aimrc'iiia ixiitstrictiiiii.
5. (tia) (-1 ) PolrolyNtia gigantim f.
6. (411) (1) rotrolystra gigaiitta. (CopUid
by Zittol, Ilnndb. il. palu-oiil., Fij;. iCJi.)
7. (41s}) (I) Petiolystia Ki(j;antea.
8. (llsau) (I) PetroI.VNtra licrcs.
9. (112.J7) (f) A Hiiiall fly. (ciiikI on thi' Name
Htoiio witli th« iii'xt, iierhiUM bi'lim^riujj to tlio Tacbydroiiiidii', but whoso prccJHO aflSiiities it is perbapx iiii|io8sibIe to trace. 706
Fij;. 10. (Uair?) (t) Palepphora iiiaciilatB. II. (ti4H4) ()j PaU>c'|>hi'ra iiiaivint-i. lis. (6464) (1) Palecpbora iiiurviiiel. lit. (fi4n4) (f) Palecpbora iiiarviiici. 14. (Iir7l.) (?) Prliiei'pliora biiltcala. l.'>. {CM}) {'!) Palocpbora iiioruata.
16. {r,&i) (f) Palaphrodcs ciii.ta.
17. {X\l\) (f ) Palecpborit nia(;iilatn.
18. (4:i) Ci) Palnpbrodes irngiilariH.
19. ((iO:«)) (V) Jassns f latebra-.
aO. (i:t570) (f) Palocpbora coniniiiniN.
21. (l.W) ((/) Palecpliora comiiiiiiiJN.
22. (1.121) ({) Lithecphora setigera.
R I.'
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U S f-ii'.OLOniCAl, ^UKVl'lY Ol'' 'I'Hl'; TKHKITOHIHS
TM^fiAKY Ir!RF.(7r.", i)F Nrnvi'ii Amkrica
i" SineOaji i. Sail Liln
The FijOrissant Basin
IIhmii'Tkha (lloMiii>'i'fc:nA.),
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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Corporation
'Al WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80
(716) 872-4503
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EXPIiANATION OF PLATE XXI.
All the drawings wcro made by J. Henry Blake,
fit
Fig. 1, (78) (f ; Agallia instabilis.
2. (8081) (t) Palecpboiii prievaleiis.
3. (1277t)) ('{) Lithocpbora niuruta.
4. (12447) (1) Litbecpbora iiniculor.
5. (13;)37) (^i) Litbecpbora uniculor,
6. (38C4) (i) Palapbrodcg irregularis.
7. (853r.) (f) Palapbrodes irregularis.
8. (912) (?) Litbecpbora miirata.
9. (3801) (f ) Palecpbora iiiarviiiei. 10. (8887) (f) Palapbrodes obliqua.
708
Fig. 11. (14178) Cf) Litbecpbora iinicolor.
12. (9158) (f ) Palecpbora iimrviiiei.
13. (30) (?) Litbecpbora diiiphana.
14. (11103) (V) Litbecpbora uuicolor. ir.. (208) (t) Pi-'.apbrodes cmctii.
10. (126) (?) Dictyopbarabomei.
17. (8313) (f) Locritcswbit-i.
18. (4287) (f ) Palapbrodes obscura.
If
; I
..H'iimfeiiLgLij,.
U S GEOLOGICAL SURVE7 OF THE TERRITORIES ItnTiAHY Insects op North Ami^rica
Wls^
¥ J '
w
Thk Fl.ohi ss ANi- Uahin
II|':mii"I'I':i<a ( I Iomi i i-ii ;itA i
I?
Fig. 1. (448u)(?)AclirP8tocoriHcinernriiis. a. (18W)(f)Cai)HU»la(;im.
3. (6371) ('|i) PIilhinocoriN colligatiis.
4. (12784)(f ) Tiio8cIii8tn.s indurescciiH.
5. (456^) (',•) FiisciiH fiRcatuN.
6. (234)(?)Di8co8tomat8p.
7. (1.828) (f ) Nysiiis veoula.
8. (14981) (f)Stenoveliauigra.
9.- (7609) (f ) Trapezonotiis exteriuinntiis. 710
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake.
Fig. 10. (1.85>l)(li)Lygreii8 8tabilitn». U. (10721)) Cii) Notonecta ernereoni.
12. (1097) (f) Prosigara Haltellcini.
13. (13325) (1) Paliuoveliii spinosa.
14. (3268) (i) Stenovelia nigra.
15. (12782) (f ) Metrobates letemalig.
nre is upside down.
16. (2238)(f)Corixainimer8a.
17. (7269) (f ) Corixa vanduzeei.
The (ig-
X'BBliWB
U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVf^Y OF THE TERRITORIES. 'I'ER'nAHY Injects of Nok'I'h America
Pl 22.
''1^
W
t^.
VT^
4m
^t
\
T^s AT"*'' 9 /
Ooc S Uamn&SouD LiQiWuia
I Si..
I
f,
The Florissant Bashst.
HeMIPTEHA {HkTEBOPTEBA- HEUUVIlUAE.LYnAKtOAE.J
I: :l
*'!«. 1.
BXPLANATION OP PLATK XXIIl,
All tl.e .IrawiugH were inn.lo l,y .(. Henry Blake
(5596) (f) EotingiHaiiteiimitii. (ISOiHi) (t) LinniiMi (■iii(:.,r«tii. (■l.-tGr.) (?) KotiiigmiMilniimtu.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10. II. l!j.
i:i.
14. 15.
ir>.
(587:)) (f) IJiiim'ainilniifiii. (!">"•-') (7) Monmitliin vct.Tiiii. (7617) (f) PieMtim f i(itiiinlii. (747;t) (f) Stuiiopniin.rn Hiibtorrca. (IK»:I7) ( f ) Procropliiiis costalm. (*I49) (f) Moimntliitt vuteriia. («W)) (?)Llnuiuali.)liiiesii. (9r.74) (f ) TrapezonotiKs externiinatiis. (1165a) (f) Brocropliins eoniiiimiis. (4i-.C0) (f) Capsiis obsolefactiis. (6:«15) (f ; Ny.siii8 stratus. (9884) (f) Bliyparochroiniis verrillii. (57.T6) (f) SteDopamcra tenobrosa 712
KiS. 17. (5H(i4) ( ,') (JeocoriN i.ifernor.ini "^- ('«'*«)(?) l'rocro,.l,iuHo,m.„„,„i,. 19. (Will) (r)U,.ni. a gravida.
'M. (ia4(i5)(r)Nysin8triti.s.
•il. (7a;t;l) (7) Linmciv evoliita.
a'^. (11757) (f ) Trapizoiiotiis exterminatug.
a:«. «i-i:i9)(r)Pr«eropl.i,.sla„«„e„„.
a4. (11.101) , J) .Stenopaiiieru tonobiOHB.
'^- 0-550) (D Trapezouoti.H externiinat. iH.
a6. ((,4«l) (f) Geoooris iufernoriim
a7. (11164) (r)Ny8hi8 stratus.
a8. (llaaa) (?) Procrophins commnnU.
a9. (ia09)(f)ProcLopl.i„scommnni8.
■•to. (11210) (?) Khyparoobroniug verrillii. •11. (7064)(f)Ny8iu8terr.i-.
I i f. lAii ih.u-,. i.- wi' Nfjivi'ii Amkhica
i
^1
i
The Florissant Basin
I I|':mip'i'i:|{A IIi'/ii'ikii-i'I'Mia I.\'<>akii>ak)
X]
iriTrfiiiiHIiaHiiWB— BaBBjg
I!
PLATE XXIV
Fig. 1. (193) (V) Procropliins communis.
2. (13560) I ■;) Ptpciloc.apsns osteutns.
3. (l;«)54) {•{) P<i!cilocapau8 fremoutii.
4. (13314) (f ) Anasa priacopntida.
5. (12925) (f ) Ligyrocoris exsnctiis. 0. (l:«i58) (J) Carmelns sopositiis. r. (4369) <?; Closferocoris elegans. 8. (6968) (?) PcEcilocapsus tabidus.
714
EXPLAiVATION OF PLATE XXIV.
All the drawings were niudo bj J. Henry Blake.
Fig. <i. (12076) (f)Pa!cilocap8n8veterandnB.
10. (I'.a457) (If) Carmelns gravatiis.
11. (58ft5) (f ) Dysdercus cinctus.
12. ^ 13559) (f) Hadronemn oinerescens. W. (1426) (f ) Dysdercns cinctua.
14. (1.3561) (9) Dysdercns cinctns.
15. (11218) (9) Lygip.ns obsolescens. IC. (11219) (f ) Lygajus stabilitns.
L
■^— ^'i'"'iiTi(rr'-i ii.rittiT ,
U a GEOLCGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES 'rERTiA.RY Insects ot North America
Pl.24
ia ■
■.'^-« )!Brns»Soln Luh I'h.i.
I'he Florissant Basin.
IlKMU-rKIljV ,HkTKH<>I>TKHA li'VtlAlllOAK
ir^-Ttmun
V !
PLATE XXV.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV.
All the drawings wore made by J. Henry Blake.
Pig. 1. (.3186)(f)Rhepoeorispropinqnan8. &. (10381) (f)Vy8ln8 stratus.
3. (12102) (?) Cacalydns exstirpatus.
4. (120dl) (?) Rhepocoris prasvaleus.
5. (3247)(f)Corizu8abditivn8.
6. (318a) (?) Rhepocoris pnevalens.
7. (1761) (?) Rhepocoris priBvaleus.
8. (11140) (?) Nysiiis stratus. 716
Fig. !). (5669) (?) Rhepocoris prievalens.
10. (12087) (?) Rhepocoris prujvalens.
11. (9128) (?) Rhepocoris prievalens.
12. (1.508) (?) Cacalydus lapsus.
13. (12778) (?) Parodarmistus collisus.
14. (1.803) (?) Rhepocoris priBvaleuB. 1!>. (10956) (?) Piezocoris peritns. 16. (9) (?) Rhepocoris prajvalens.
) i
i
u
'I'eRTIAKY [NSEGTS of NOR'fl
GEOLOGICAL fiURVHY OF THE TERRITORIES
KRIOA
The Florissant Basin.
11p;mii-i'i:ha .(IIi;ti!h<)I>tkha — Coreidab)
T Rinclan- it Son, Lith "Philaa*
PLATE XXYI.
'1
KX1.LANATION OK PIRATE XXVI.
Fig
All the drawiiiKH were 1. (8604) (?) Orthriocorisa lonKipes 2- (4644) (?) Lithoohroimig mortiiarins. •J. (7fJ56) (f) CydaiLus robiistiiH.
4. (14207) (MCoriziiHabditiviiH.
5. (12409) (f)Eo(he»cl«g8U8.
6. (13660) (?)Lithochro,M„8 eitraneus.
I' ?.^'?J (f)P''«''><I'-PameracIiitten(leni.
8. (10:J91) (f) Protenor imbeclllis
9. (11232, (f) Fhrndopamerachittendeni.
7lO
made by J. Henry Blake.
Fig. 10. (9837) (f, Lithoohron.U8gardneri 1 . (2431).(?) RhepocoriH j.r,evaIeDB. 2. (U23«i) (f) Catopainera bradlevi
13. (8407) (V) Rhepocorispropinqaans.
14. (561)3) (?) Piezocorisf perempt.w. 1... (2606) (?) Tagalodcs Ineriuig.
16. (9-253) (?) Etirocorisiufernalis
17. (6:ff0) (?) Phthinocorislethargioua
^
I) S C-KOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, Tertiary Inskcts or North Amrricia
Pi, ?.t
'^rfT-
"^
The Florissant Basin.
HlSMIP^'BHA.iHKTUIIIUI'TRnA - CoREIUAE)
T SmclaiT i-SctvI.ith I'hilaaa
PLATE XXVII.
|
'i i I I |
Hg. 1. (367) (i) Rhipiphorus Reikiel, (665(i) (f ) Exite'us .xsanRiiig, (57(M)(f)Heeriali,|iiao8a. (13064) a) Pnworis hochleri.
r>. (l.«n)f9)Ue„riag„lo8a.
ti. (l-mr,) (f ) Hthinocoris langni.l.i*
7. am)) (f)Ca««pniiu.riK»iiKh«}i.
8. CJriTT) (f) Lithoolmmms jjanineri
9. ((®:U) ^f ) Phnul«pnn.«ra wil«,„i. I". {!)()86) (f ) Necrwhronms oockorelli.
EXPI^VNATION or liATE XXVII.
All the drawing, ware n,a.le by J. Henry Bl«ke
made Fg
■• "• (f«») (t) 'rrape,onotu,,tygiali8.
14. (2H71) (^) Neorochronnw labatns.
'•••(«»»)(?) CoriisHsoelatua.
II!. (l.«nr,) (f ) Pl,r„dop«„.«ra wilsoui.
17. (H74(!) (f ) PbthhuHjorU lethirgioiia.
tf*. (42(a)) (f)H,..,nag„lo«.
19. (14197) (¥)Heorialapid«Mi.
^
v.,
U S GEOLDCIfAl, ^IJFU'F.Y 01-' THK -IKHBITOPIES Tkrtiahy !Ni?ECTS OY Nmhtii Amfhica •
Pi. 27
TllK FIjORIHJSANT Bahin
l'-.:.\ni'ii:ii.\ (ll|.;Th;ii<)i'Ti';uA ('uiiioii>,\i': )
T .<NuiiUajr k Sftn LuV i'KiU.U
I
PLATE XXVIII
VOL XIU-
-46
J-'ig- 1. (7929) (f) Pe.,tato.„ife« foliarnm 4 m*t\^t^^"'"'"'"'"■'**"«I''"<^^'""«• (.. (1.8;t7) (t) Tlm^loschimus rev.Isus M:<007)(^)Mecocepl.a,a„p' ' 10. ail2)(^)Poii„«,ui8tu8la,.i.lari„s.
UX1.I.ANATIOX OK PI^ATE XXVIII.
All tlu, ,;rawiugs were made by J. He„.;v Blake.
n SS 1 ^'"'-oocbiHtUH n«orat„8.
|'.(1977)(^)Heeriagm„8a.
19. (10400) (f) Thlimmo8chi8tu«gravida.u8
U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North America
Pl 28.
I'leo I HanneAbtr« I.nl. !ix..i.
The Flirissattt Basin
Hkmipi KHA (Hktkhoptkiia-Pkntathmidae .CoHIMAIiABNIDAK) .
pi!
INDEX.
abbreriata 'Setodea)
abditiviis (Corizas)
abductum (Dtaplegma)
abltft ( Braobypeta)
abuUta ( Linnosa)
aborcivam (PodaKrlon)
abrogatiia <PteroBtichuii) . . abscesaura (Lathrobium) .. abaclfisus (Parodarmlstiis).
abscocdita (Epcira)
absoua (Catanciira)
abHtraotax (DorobrocbuH) .
abBtniota (AgalUa)
abHtrusus (Gomphocerus) . . Aoanthaapidiua
Aoitntbiidm
Acantboaonia
Acantbooomina
Aoarina
Aoarua
Aceatra
Acbilida
Actarestocoria
cinernrinH
Aoocephalua
adm
oallosna
AuriDptala
Aoridll
Acridlum bartbelemyi
Acrocera
globnlua
birauta
Aouleata
adiB (Aoooepbalna)
adamaa (Bledius)
Adloella
iEgialia
rupta
JEOm
3Solotbripa
Aaohna 12S,12«,U1,
Gonstricta
Janata
larrata
marohall
metis
mixta
polydore
sepaiata
aolida
t)'oh«
^•obnidie
^achnlna 92,124,
at, mails (Metrobates)
Page. 1»2 433 290 SOI 398 134 525 SOS 422 84 24S 183 307 223
3S4, 355 36U 435 435 45, 4« 47 429 297
it2,413 413 311 311 311 281 220 2J0 503 503 563 615
ail
604
489
489
453
372,873
142, 143
142, 143
145
Uo
143
142
142
142
144
143
142
92, 125
125, 141
353
Page.
niteruas (Derobroebns) 184
ilStbua punolulatua 438
^tmhinUH 363
A^alentt 06
Agalenldes 48, 49, 60, 6s
Again* 303
abatruola 303,307
tiacclda 305, 306
iOHtabilia 305, 306
lowlali 305
AgathoiniTit 219
reoluaa 219
Agriim 125,126,127,137
aglaope 127,137
niitii|niini 1J7
oxHiilarlD 127, 138, 13G
icAriiM 127
iris 127
leuoosla - ■. 127
llgea 127
inaaCfMicena 127,138
partbeiiopn 127
pttlainoe 127
telliiriH 140
Agricmiilm 92,124,125
Agriiiiiiiiii .. 92,124,128,1^6
Agiypuia 196
Alcentis 300
Alt>iii-(Hli>H 241
olutaceiis ( Dkailiia) 5:>4
Alydarta 418
Al.vdluiu 411,418
AlyJin 418
lateralis 418
Aiualancoii 244, 270
lutosu.s
ATiiiiHplnii
AniaurobitiM
aiuiotus (HydrocbuB) . Aniiuopiiila
270
576
68
615
30
Aiiipblagrloii 126,137,139
Alup'lientoiiiuni
Aniphlm-epn birittata
Aniphltlioniisiis
ainpla (Cliilonia)
amyzoniis (Necrocydnus)
Anabolia
Anaclluia
»P
Anandrus
Anarete
Anaaa
priscoputida
Anatolia
taolta
117 296
!i6 559 446 195 697 697
71 COO 412 412 589 689
Pago.
Anatone 92
Auax 125,142
metis 142
Ancoaatus 244,271
bucktoui 271,272
dorsuosiis 271,272
■Aiioylocbelra 494
Andreiiidio 30
aiiilU (niiiebiis) 464
AulHiimorplia 219
Anobliiiii 491
■k'Crptinn 492
llgiiltiini 492
ovale 491
anoniala (.Stenoclnclis) 664
aniioRiis (Cryptorhyncbua) 477
untedilurianum (Calyptltea) ... 606
antennata (Eotlngis) 360
Antherophagiis 601
ochraceiiH 601
priaciiH. 501
Antbiimyla 648
burgeasl 549
iiinniniata 64H
AntliorayldiB. 548
AiithoDoiiiua 472
dtifotfsiis 28, 472
Boponia 472
Antbracoiuarti 46
Anthribidu; 466
aoti<|na(Derali<ma) 004
(Slpbnnopboruides) 255
aD*Ji|uua ( Pbanieaa) 489
(Teleosobiatus) 454
Antnpia 76
Anypbaina 51,62,66
fuscata 67
Interita 67
Apbainogaatur 616
berendti 6IS
longffira 615
Aphana 281
atava 281
rotundlpeuuis 282
Aphantapbis 244,253
exHUca 254
Aphelonhoirna 347
Apbidea 242
Aphldinn 244
Apbldopaia 244,90
dalli 261,284
eniaolata 261,265
bargi-ri 261,262
lulai'la 261,263
margaruin 261,26'
723
■ I
i
724
INDEX.
Paito.
20)1 201 24:1 481* 4f)l< 488 837 337 333
3U 30U 370
48
Aplililnpiilii up
Hiibtoriia
A]iIi1h
A phortlin
jirecuraor
niricnln
Aphnipliora
"P
Aplirnpliorida
Apliliu
Apori 'ft
I>ri. itrlctam
Anieliiittlen
Ar.uliilio 3:19,340,311
Aiaiiea 71,71
coliimbifu 71
Arni)<*id«H 46,48
iirt'niiik (Chibioiia) &4
(Fonnlcn) 618
Ari'hioa SO.Sl,.^
Arcliilacliniw 244, 24G
inil(l({el 246,247
peniiatus 246,247
ArulifpH»ci'H 117
arouaUi (Saokenia) B95
ArenocoilH 430
Argla 125,139
Argyruuuta 6ft
AriatnunH. 71
Arnllia 223
Aithrolycosa 46
Asaruoniyia , 867
crtiluvor 567
Asoalaphina 92
AHeillaptniH 147
ascHi-iilen (MiiHca) 551
aii<'ll»i(los (PlunocepIia1ii8|. ... 91
AsilidB) 29, .Wl
8p 5115
Asiraca 278,205
tiirtiaria 295
UHlrictn (Cercopls) 318
ntava (Apliann) 281
Athera 56
AUiilca 48,49,52
52 53 .387 303 518 334 20.-)
AttoiileH
Attopsis
imjjlioyi (Catopaniera) . Aiiliiripitrt irroratiia —
Hiiioi-a (Cyiuindls)
Avermia
uvia (Labiduromma) ...
liiutia 118
anoniala 118
liallostoma 92, 94, 101
balteata ( Prinecphora) ;B2
Ilarbiirotbea 29
ItaaeopMia forfioulina 2U3
l!»iiiu«ibna 142,144
Janata 145
acparata 142
sp 142
becblorl {Procoria) 303
Dnlnatoniatidin 339. 310
Jlombidiiim 519, .WO
.Ml
530
631
i)31
630
coiiatricliim . I'xolctuin — fragnicnliini . Klaciatlim ... Inequale
Pago.
llcmbldlum lonitnlani 631
Hotldlna 866, 5«7
IturOHUa 613
ciiKpldatui 513, 6U
piiiii'tlprnnla 613
a»XHtriatus 813
tt'lllllH 514
Bcrytina 411
lllbloiildin 28,683
liib<iaii(Miisca) SS2
bluotatiia (Mycotrutiia) 802
HlttncuH 117,172
Illabcra 217
nianliilua <1
IllattailiD 216
BU'dliia 804
adamna 804
aiinularfa 6M
brrvidona 805
};biciatua 806
Illeplijiroptvra 643
llli««iiia 374
liuliii iim 893, 604
pa]ii(Uvn;;a 594
Ht'pillta 593
iimbratica 593
Bniiibua 30
lIuiiibylidiK 20
biii-riiaiiHl (Lnbidiiromiua) 206
IlDitrycliiia raniiciiiiia 402
Itcitbrcmlinimiiia 147, 162, 163
lacbluiii 104
bniivcl (l)ictyophara) 280
llracliycera 562
Ilriu'bypolta 437
Brarhypeza 591
ubiiB 691
procura 601
llrticbytaraiia 466
pi'latiiiua 486
llraniM 606
latuliMruiii 606
ap 607
Uracoiibbc 30, 606
ap 607
bradli'yi (('iitopamera) 387
Hrevipiilpi 574
bniweii (Ilb'dliis) 608
ilriichiilu- 28, 484
Hi iii-liu.H 484
aiiilia 484
bninncri (Zi^tubora) 217
Biyoioraria 362
biirktoui (Anconatiia) 272
Buliniiia , 151
Biipreat IdiD 27, 493
Biiproatln 493
aaxlgena 404
aeuccta 494
ai'piilta 496
UM'Uiiria 493
biir^oaal (Authomyia) 640
llynhidB) 499
Bythoacopiis 302,304
Inpidoscena 306
Cacalydiis 410
pxatirpatiia 419,420
lapaiia 410
C'acnachlatiia. .. 453,490
ninceriatna 496
Page.
cadarer (AMreomyla) 887
oadiioiia ( Parodarmlatua) 422
Cajoilliia 117
ca^niilunitiN ( Derobnwhua) 183
ciuaua (Platynua) 623
calciiloaa (Indaala) 101
caUlauena iCorvopitoa) 817
Calllatbcnea KI7
Calloiiiyia 85S
turporatA 6.55
' calloana (Auocrphalua) 311
I Calopterygldn) 02,125
I CaliNMinia 836
I Calutermim 104, 107
j CalothTlpa 371
Calyptltea . ^ mT<
I aiit«diluTianiim 60U
Calyptiia 605
Caraponotus 811
Tetus .... 010
Camptopas 418
Canthon ^ 401
pcrplexua '01
Capaaria 362
Capaidoi '. 342,361
Capaiiia 362
CapaUB 361,382,368
laciia 368,360
obaoleraotns 368
CarabidH) 27,480,517
Oarabini .535
Carabna 533
oarlwnarina ( Dryocajtes) 470
CRrcerata(LlDna!a) 308
Carmeliia 363
gravatua 363,364
parvna 303
aepoaltns 363,364
caaiia (Platynua) 519
Cataneura 244,243
abaoDB ' 245
rlleyl 216
Catopamera 384,387
augheyi 387
bradleyi 387
Gatopaylla 276,277
prima 277
CeiidomyldH) 581,600
colatiia (Coritaa) iXi
Cellthcmia 126
Ct'pbalocoria 375
Cephiana 334
CernrabycidaD 28
CBrcidlella 77
Corcopida 315
Cercopldaj 315
Cercopidlum 316
Ccrcopla 318, 317
aatrlola 317,318
faaciata 315, 333
haidingerl 323
melnina 333
innlngenaiB 315,333
pallida 315,333
n'otellnea 316,3.13
aelwyni 317,318
anflbcata 317
linger! 316
Oercopitea 816
caUlacena 818,317
ombratllla Slf
INUKX.
725
Ceinfon MO
terrtgena. SIO
C*rni>tift 43
Ceroiyi MO
canui MO
ClialoidUlHs 30,aM
ohambcilinl (QueiUni) 808
Cli»ullodp« 147, 1«
prinok U8
Chaulloftnalhaa prUttnui 28
CheiloaiaampU ■ 6M
■p Ml
< taernetltlie iS
Chllonia BS«
ninpla 6SB
► p Ml
riilnimiwapbala 224
( Ihiriiiiijria M7
ChtronumldH) 678
HP fi81
Chlronoinua 28,S78
depletna ». 670
patena 680
aeptuB 678
ap 681
cliiUnndenl (Phmdopamera)... 389
Cblnintiia 817
laticollla 817
piinotoUtna 817
Chloriili'alea 127
Cbiarldiani 490
oberinnm 490
hiabiroldea 491
Ctaolnla 384,389
triRnttata 389
ClioraguH 406
fidilla 405
Clirjaidn) 30
Cliryala 30
Cliiyaobothriahaydeni 27
ChrysoDic-lldau 28,488
Chryaopa 166,166,168,160
Chryaiplda) 92,147,161,165
Cicada .,..-. 294
Cicndellitra ob^cnram 298
Cioadala 310
aaxoaa 310
aexnotata 310
oincta (Palnpbrodea) 8M
oiuctua (Dyadercna) 410
clniifarta (Epeira) 88
cmeTnriiin {Auhreatocoria) 413
oincrcia (Oypona) 308
oinorescena (Hailronema) 370
cinoria (Oryllaoria) 233
ClniiTa 92,99,102
CitiRradiD 4?
Cixlida 286
CUlUB 278,286
beaperidum 2S7
proaTua 287
Clatlodiptora 293
C'lastoptera 338
Gomatockl 339
Clatbratermea 103
Clnriiiai 28
Cloaterocoria 362
elegana 363
Clubiona 61.62
arcana 63,64
atteonata 66
PaKB.
Cluhiuiia erema 0<'t
lanaln 64
latobioaa 6.1,65
niicniphllialnia Oil
iMt«ntata 63,66
■erlc«a M
*omentoia 63
Clya 71
Clylhla M
Coccidiit 241
CiM^cinrlllda 38
Ooeciia , 241
cockerelU (Kecrocbromas) 407
Crelldla 313
eoliiinlilnnn 313
wyoininKuuaiH Iil3
Colaoptpnt 465
Oollciiibnla 02, 99
colliKntiiH (Phthinocoria) 414
coUlaiia tPnrodarniiHtiia) 422
coluradouaia (llod(>U'rinea) 113
Columbia) (A rnnca) 71
Columbiana (Ccslidia) 313
commlxtnm (Labidnromma) ... 208
comnioratua (Dcrobrochua) . 184
r -mmnnia (ralecp)ii'rn) 328
(I'rocruphiua) 382
compactilia (Pitzocoria) 417
compautna (Ophryaatea) 477
comatnoki (Claatoptera) 3;i9
concinnua (Cyrtomenaa) 481
condita (Litbomyza) 001
conflxns (Hydrabiua) 811
Coniopterygidti! 02
Coniopteryx 147
Conncephalidio 227,2.11
Conopidip 655
copoi (Locritea).., 323
Copbocnria 384. :!!•!
tonebricoana :!UI
Co)itoobromna 384, 408
maninm 408
Cordnlidn) 92,124,125
Coreidffl 342,411
Coreiun 411
Coraitea 411
Corethra .ISS
exita 883
Coreua 411
Corixa 343
altornata 344
bellenaii 348
immeraa 344, 348
intorrnpta 344
prienata 348
randnzeel 344
Corixido! 343
Corizida 411.433
Corlzua 432,433
abditiTua 433
celatna 433
eattatna 433,434
Bv^^nrnua 433.434
Corydalitea 148
fticnndum 149
Corydalua 148
cornntna 149,152
Corymbitoa 498
medianua 406
aplendcna "^
relatna 496
Paije.
(Jorynitea 71
coataiia (l^rocrophiua) 363
< 'niflpcdoaiiitiii 4i
irntcriD (Dorobrovbua) lit
Cratoparia 4'J6
coufuaua 466
I'luaua 467
luKiibrla 404
luuatua 466,467
rcpertna 466
Creopbilua 607
riiloaua 607
cr«HH4it)i (Lithotorua) 600
Onmicua us
Cropbiua 381
Cryptoblura 506
Cryptoceplialna 488
venuatua 485
Tvtuatua 4H5
CryptucHrcua 218
(.'ryptochiomua 384,400
letatna 400
Cryptobypuua 497
plaiiulus 497
tcirnatria 497
Cry ptciplmgidni 601
Ciyplorbynchiw , 471
uunoaua 471
('tiireacciria 384, 304
primigenua 394
Cnciijidui 601
Culex 682
ilaiimntoriim iHn
pruavitUH 682
Culieiilii! 28, 582
CurculiuuidiD 471
Cychrini 6,15
Cycbrua 6M
andrewaii 830,637
minor 637
toateua 638
viJuua 636,537
wliuatleyi 630
Cyi:Uirliapba 530
Cydamua 419,420
robuatua 420
Oyduida 430
Cyduopaia 437
Oydnna 438,437
maralilanua 443
Cylludrogaatcr 204
Cyllocoraria 362
C,\matou]erA 230
mncuiata 230
Cymina 374
Cymindia 818
nmerlcuna 618
aurora 618
Cynlpidii) 30
Cyrtidai 803,564
Cyrtomenua 437, 451
concinnus 461
Cyriuxipliua 234
Cyttarorayia 8T4
ienoatrata 878
dalli (Apbidopals) 264
dainnatorum (Cnlex) 882
Daradax 301
Darmiatns 421,429
Baaypogon 668
726
INDKX.
Puge.
I)iui.vpo||iintii* IMKI
daTUII (Onnnoon) 24M
lUwMiil (Trlohonta) r>m)
Dw'ktoniit IKH
tntiqiiit 004
decBiniiittiii (RiiRn'inptoii) 4H2
dM^Bptnm (Annbliim) — in
(IwvMa (Plnipln) 612
flecineratuii (Dydrobltii) till
decrepit* (Tlpiila) (I7i)
Dectlcidip 227
Diictlcim exatlnctni 337
defectiia (PariHlarniUtiu) 423
dt^foHaua (Thoinlaiia) f>9
defiinctn (Sltmlrepa) 493
dH|i'et» (Plecia) MB
drietna (Eplphaula) 4SH
dellta (Epefra) M
Delpha4id» 295
Delphnx 295
aenllla 29S
dratnnt (OnorlHte) !<92
di'perdlta (Sciant) HM
depilia ( Pmmetuplit) »«0
depletiia (Chlronomaa) S79
Dvprraanria 002
Derhlda 278
DermeattdiP 2«
Derobrochua 179,182
abalractna 182,183
leternaa 183,184
Ofpniilentiia 182,183
uommorRtiia 182,181
orateiw 183,180
fH(teao«na 182,185
marddiia 183, 18.-i
deatitntiiK ( Pteroatlobna) S20
dealriK'tiiH (Ptern^tiohnn) f>27
dpaiintiM (Plalyniia) ('21
detfctn ( HettToroyza) 648
deTintiia (Procydinia) 440
Dla<Iocidla 598
terricnift 698
diapbana (Ulhecphora) 330
DlapleKniR :88
abductiini 289, -.'90
hiildeniant 28:1
obdormitiini 289,292
occultornn) 289,291
rulnoaiini 289,292
venerabile 289, 291
veteraaceus 289,290
liicielna .'134
aInUceua 524
diUtatua S24
eloDKatna 525
piirpuratiiB .'■24
ap ,525
Dlchrooacytiia 362
DIcranoiuN ia 568, 172, 674
primitira 570
pnbipennia .568, 570
roalrnta 571
at:f(niofla 568
DIctjrophara 286
bnuvei 280
Dictyopharida 286
Didineia 620
luniciirnia 620
aolid«Bcena 620
Uielacata 71
OliHtlrIa
UiphyMi
IMpIitrbllu
lieDHJiiiwI :
iiiiijor .
DlplopiMla
IHptira 28,M»
I>iptt>r;ifyr1iirbii|ilia 5.19
IXptiTii nrlhoiliaplift .562
dinila (Lilliiipbla) 258
DiaciMtiima 4.37. 452
Wge. 56,1 566 533 .523 523 43
ap.
diajrctji (SolnniyKa)
dU.liintiUM (PiiinpHooiia) . .
(ThoiniHtiH)
diap«riiu(r.lniiinpay(.'h(>) ..
diaaipaliia ( Platyniia)
Dlaanatftira baldiiiKf^rt ....
dlvpiuB (Procydnua)
Dociiniia
payllotdea
DnlicliopeKn
DnlJcliopfHlldir
Doliclinpim
"P
Doliiiiiedua
Donncia
emarginata
pompatlca . . .
poroHtccdlia
pnbicolUa
atlria
dorinitana ( Ptt^rnatirhua) . doraiinxua (Ancoiiatiia) .. DorllieHia
4.52 64fl 118 .58 190 S2l 924 440 314 314 B74 662 962 562 62 486 486 486 486 486 486 626 272 241
Diamldea 48,49,00,82
Draaaiia 62
I)i-epaiippt(Tyx 164
Dryoiwtca 470
ilfTalMT 470
rarboimriaa 470
iiiiproHatin 470
H' ;iti'iiti'lana1ia 470
Dyaaerlon .... 125,126,127
frciU-ilcil 127, i:iO
lakoaii 127,130,132
packardii 127, 130, 132
Dyadera 80
DyKdncua 409
cimtua 410
iinicnlor 410
DywliTldea 48, 40, 62, 60
Pyliscidiu 617
eatoiii (Prucydniia) 442
Hbruinum (CliiL>r1diiini) 490
Ei-Iytua 614
liitahia 614
ifTiiaaiia (Epira'raa) 480
Elnpbriia 933,534
irref;iilaria .531
riparitiH .534
nmcariiia .534
virldia 634
Elilt.Midn' 27, 490
HP 408
rlegana (Cloaterocdria) 36;t
(Entliea) 3.'>6
(Fliirl»aaiitia) 294
Elidipteni 297
regalaria 207
Pbrk.
EMpawiia 117
•diiii){alii (I'ltliiipala) 301
eloiiiiatiiH ( LntTfihlimt 613
ifliiMiiH (('ratn|Mirlnl 467
tinmi'lata (Apbldopata) 265
Enibldlna 92
«nier« ni (Nntoiieota) 346
iMiierMiiil (Epoirn) 87
KnipbiTln .. 117,688
Einpldai 29
RncliDphora 279
Enr<i|il<dophiia 224
Rndp«atoiiiiiarn||a.ut 491
KiUMipti'rldii' 23.5
Rntinina 474
if^'inonllalla 471
En.ynidiK 62
Eatlii'R 366
ch'teana 866
EotiiiKia 360
antcnnata 360
iluinipiiH^ariuata 869
Epi'lra 91,76,82
abxi'imdlta 82, 81
cliii'facta 82,8'i
di'llta 82,85
«ini!rt«iil 82,87
t'iij:(*na 62
kraiitiiii 82
ini'cikll 82,83
iiiolaaaica 82
rlparla 89
»p 88,89 .
triiil'belil 82,84
viilcanalia 82,88
Epelrldi'a 48,48,60,76
Epi-lrldlon 70
Ephoniom 118,119,120
cxaurca 124
lliliiinbilla 120,121
intcri-niptli 120,123
iimcili'iitn 120,122
HciiinffcimN 110
piiiiili'iiHa 120,122
laliillcii 120
Epbi'ii.iTidH' 92.118
I'lpbydrinidiu
EpiciiTiiH
ftl'uAaiia
i-xiuiliiiia
^rittoiia
aaxatUia
EpJplianIa
cornittiia
dob;tuB
Eplpaociia
Epora
Kreniobldo)
Kronim'oria
6*3
478
480
479
478
478
498
498
498
117
301
226
430
KreaoidiD 49,.52
El-i);niHt 71
Eiiatalia 658
lapldeuB 66H
Eritbua 62
Ero 71
j Erotylldm 602
pruptlonia (PaUdicella) . . 189
Erytbrnmnm 126,137,139
Etirocorla 419,425
Infi'malia 426
Eucoriti-a 384,392
»ii
INIJKX.
727
p»g«.
Kiivorltfn Mreamni 3113
EiiillDK»Kaa 47B
errouun 4tlO
exnnlmlii 479
Hittiitlllii 471
ternmua 476
Kugnmnptai 481
ilooHinutuii 483
gnndu^raa 481
Knophrjii tl
Eiiphuift US
Eiirliliiiis moultns 28
Riiryil«nia 4t3
Riir^upuR 71
Kiirypaaropoilldie M
Kiirypaiiropiu 08
EiisarcorlH 4fi3
EiiHoliintiiii antlqniit 4S4
Kut«rni>'i 104,106,114
crontlcaa IO!S
foaaarnm IDS, 114, IIS
moodil 103,114,115
obaonrua 105
ip 110
Eiiionna 43
Evngoroa 854
evanoaoeiia {NfluroDia) 106
nrenta (Inocollla) 160
erm-aa (Clablima) 03
oTtdena ^aaaopaia) 813
eviratiia (Pulycrutropaa) 182
OTOcatua (Parattiia) 54
OToluta (LinniDa) 300
erul8ua(Lithocorl«) 301
xxaniiuati'i (Parodariniatua). . . 423
exauimia ( Epicffinia) 47B
oxoana (Polycontropna) 181
exiln (Coretlira) 68.1
Exitelua 384,408
oxanoguia 408
exnlvtnm (Bembidiam) S30
oxaanguia (Exitelua) 408
exatirpatna (Caoalydua) 420
exaiioa / Aphontspliia) 254
nxaucca (Ephuniurn) 124
oxaoctiia (Ligyrocoria) 38S
otaularia (Agrlon) 139
exaulatuin (Labiduromma). .. 312
extormlnata* (Trapozonotna) . . 895
eiternatua (Lttobrochiia) 186
extlncta (Mclanotbrlpa; 371
extranoiia (Lithocbroiiiua) 404
Exyaton 609
rirratna (Fnaona) 365
I'leciileutna (Lygaeiia) 377
I'eciiiiduni (CorydiiUtea) 140
fencatrata (Cyttaroniyia) 575
Ficnroaa 301
Ficaraaltea 301
atigmaticum 301
flctilix (Cboragna) j 465
flnibriata (Lltbopsia) 300
flrniata (Triboobryaa) 172
flabellam(Proal ara) 344
flacdda (Agallla) 306
Flata 278,299
Flatida 299
Klegia 71
Floiiaajntift 293 !
elegana 2M I
Paga
rndlnn (Pamtermea) 112
fiBda (llmrla) 4.12
fullarani ( Pantatumltn) 462
Faroln«lla annullpea 203
Forfloiila 301
albliwnnla 203
aiirlonlaria 203,203,211
bolcenala 203
mlnnr 203
inlnuta 302
parnllela 202
prlmigeriia 202
recta 203
Forfli'ularin problematioa 2ii3
ForLciilarlm 20?
Formica 6i8
nrcanu 618
Fornilcidm 30,616
fiiaaariim (Eutrmipa) 116
foaallla (Palaiolhripa) 373
fractiia (Pternatlchiin) 527
rragmmitiim (Ilenibldlum) 631
frederlcll (Dyaagrlon) 130
rremoDtil (PiBcilooapaiial so.'t
MgMcena (Derobrochna) IBS
Fulgora 384
graniiloaa 284
obticeacrna 285
popniata 284
Fnlgorldn 279
Flllgorliin 278
riindl (TbamnotHttix) 310
FaaiMiH 364
I'wcatiia 305
Haltinicella 489
ninrltiina 485
picea 485
Oalgiilidie 101,347
gaiinetli (Thaninntottix) 300
gardnori (Llthnchromiia) 403
Oiirgaphia 359
Gea iirantzil gi
gelliloi (Rbipiphorna) 4«i
gelalna ( Patmbua) .130
geliclua (PtcroatiohuB) 527
Oeocorlua 38')
Geocoria 38>
iurernnrnm 381
Gonphiliia 4:1
Gerancon 244,248
dnviaii 218
petrorum 248,240
Gerria 348
gigantea (Petrolystra) 321
(I'lanopMebia) 2gii
gilbert! (Labiduromma) 211
glacialirt (Loriceru) 633
glaciattim (Bembidium) 531
glaciatus (Blediua) 505
GlypU 613
tranaveraaiiH 613
Guoriate 602,.'i07
apioalia 692
dentoni 692
megarrbiQa 592
GomphidiD 92,125
Gomphocerua 223
ahatruflua 223
femoralia 220
GompfaoiduB 125
Payn.
(lomplina 13S
Gnnataa 106
Giirgopla 63,63
gnaiutenaia (NKcrooyduna) 445
Hrn'a 76
grandn'vua (Euguamptua) .... 481
graiiiildna (Fulgora) 284
gravutuH (Ciirmi'Iua) 361
gravida I I.liinira) 399
gravlda*ii4 (Tbilmmoaohlatua). 463
Gryllacrlclidii' 232
Oryliiicria 238
rharpcntieri 233
olni'ria 283
iingeri 233
Grylildoa 3:u
Gryliiitalpa 234
Gryilotalpldie 235
Oryllua 234
guloaa (IlHoria) 431
guttatun (Corliua) A34
(Lllhvniii«t«B) 220
giljotl (IVlliileua) 78
ilyniiii^trnii 471
locuutei 471
tet«r 472
Oypoua 307
clnercia 308
Oyrophiuna S09
anxicola BOO
vinula 609
Hadronema 370
ciuereact'iia 870
hagenii (PurutBimea) 110
lialdemuni (DIaplugma) 380
Haleaaua 193
halli (Platy nua) 520
nnlobatea 351, 383
Halometra 350
Ilalya 453
Hamninptoryx 208
rrticulnta 298
hargeri ( A plildopala) 263 "
Harmoatitca 432
narpaotor 354
narpoconi 3<J2
liarttii (Platynua) 522
HaaaoltidpB 15
Hecr'a 430
fii'da 431, 432
guioHa 431
lapidoaa 431,432
Hc'liotbripa 371
Helomyziduj 547
Helophilaa 5S8
Heiophorus 516
iincatua 611
rigeacena 516
B<"»ber 617
lubercnlatua 517
Herarrobidu) 92,146,161
Hemrrobiiia 93, 161
Ilomtirobiaa 147
IIemipt<>ra 288
bouahawi (Diplochila) 623
bentxii (Tetbnona) 80
heroB (Petrolystra) 322
Herailioidai 49,62
beaperidum (Cixius) 287
heatema (TitaniBoa) 69
728
INDKX.
llrltTOUHIIlItt 217
lli'li<rii|(iMlrlu» 974
Hi'toriiinnia O'i
1l«t«niniyi« 647
(InlM'ta M«
•nnllla M7
IlKlrrophlolila I2S
Il»t4<ra|il«ru 3M
ImihU'I (riiityniiH) fiSO
III|i|ilii<'iiii luglannttlotiu 234
II Iriiiniii'iirldm 29
liimuU lAoroveral DO
IlintKrilllV 28
llliilii|M>ii» 6H
lloildltTiiiM 104, 106, 1 l.'l
I'DlornilensU lolV, 1 1 :i
lirildliiKeii lO.'i
pmciTUH lO.t
llnU'linrpa 17:*
IIolcDrpn 147, 17:i
nmciitou 174
hnlnienti (Lmnieft) 397
Uoinnlota MO
rsolK» 600
llonifMliMniiii 362
}Ii)ninM));tiiniii 217
viuitrlcwB 21)*
IlniiKiptrra 2.10
lloplomarliiiH 362
HoniiUciDi 467
partltiiB 467
hynUiinni (Lttliagrlun) isri
bjattii (Si'inplilla) 697
HyilroliatldiK 350
nj-droliluii 811
conflxiin 611
dralneratiiB fill
fiiKoipra 811
nydroidiiia nis
ainli'liis SIS
rellotuB 810
■ubciipifliis 615
llydrniiietra 351
llydrophilidiD 27, 810
Ilydrophilun 27
liyilropicA (Mndca) 553
llydropnyche 170
iiinrcena I80
operta igo
Uydrop8yrhld.Ti 02,177,170
Ilydrnptilidii' 92,177
HyjjrotrechuH 351
rPtiiiRig 352
»t&li 351
HylaHteg 468
fiqiinlidcns 468
Uylobiua 473
confiiBiw 473
piclvorns 473
provcctiia 473
Hymi'Doptera 30, 004
Ilypochryaa 16«
llypnclinea 616,617
nblilerata 610
Tlypselonotna 411
Ic'lineamon 608
petrlnun 608
Icliufluinouidie 30,008
Ictiniia 125 I
Idniooia 62
Pa»iv
imlHirllliii (l'n>l iri 424
ImlHx'llliia (Miwihiorhiia) 119
ImiiHTfla (ffirlxa).. .145
liiiiiiobillH (KpliiMiii*rn) Ill
lllipiVHNIIA (l)l'yiM'il-(nH) ....... 410
limnltiiiitn lAiitl lyla) 641
hiiapax (rbiMiidlal 4W
Indiit.itiin (I'riinvmobliia) 236
liidiirHimnii (TirniwIiUtiii) 4'Jl
Iniliiiili. 193
cali'iilca 179,194
tiibiiloHa 193
Innpinlia (Trlbocbryiial 170
liKiniilx rraiialcidrn) 387
liiriHiiitlln (Ktlrwcirlm ... 426
InCi'iiinriiiii ((Jfoi'urlii) .1(<1
lnr<'riiiirii (l.ttbiiliiroiiinia) 214
Inirrniiii (TItaiKi'ca) 60
iiihiMtiin (Parodiirniiiitiiii) 424
limwllia 146, IM, 105
nrlKmia 16.^
t'Vi'uta 156,160
KOiniiolxntM 186, 187
Iniiiiilnta 166, LIS
viit«raim IM
iiiorrmta (I'niocphnra) 329
inniKKli (I'liintcriiieii) 108
InnlublllH (Agallbi) 307
lulcMciiiptft (Epbi'iiii-ra) 123
lnt«i|{lii('lHli< (Liitlimbliini) 806
intri'lln (Aiiypbii'im) 87
llniliililiiin (I'lulyiiinis) 406
Irri'iiiibiiiii (Klapbrim) 634
(Palilpbrodt'8) 338
Uiira 814
iHcliiiorhyiichua 381
lanpbli'bia 128
iMlda 278
Iwiiin 307
luHdm 43
Iiilua 44
antitpiiii* 43
Habiihttmft 43
UdlimU-r 44
tfTTOstriB 43
Ixodua 47
tnrtlariiia 47
Ixmlldio 47
JasHida 302
■Tanniden 302
JaHsopniH ,12
ovidena ^12
JjiSHiia ,*''J, 308
latcbiii! 3U8
apj iiicoriiia 308
Juniperiia coininiinb 468
Juvenla (Ubyaaa) 600
laliHlUH ( NVcriichroiuUB) 407
lalwl'actn (PbryKUiieii) 197
lalM'iiH (Lnbidiirutuiiia) 214
T,ubbi minor . 202
Labtdiira 204
lltbnphila 213
riparia 200,210
tiTll.uia 209
Labiduniiitnia 203
avla 2()S
biirniHUid 205, 200
coiimiixtum 205,20)1
LaliidiiiiiMiiiitt finiiUiiiiii ,
KllbartI
Inriiruiini
Ulxiiia
Ilttaophlliim ,
mortals
•P
tertiartnm
l^cotibliia
elongMua
Lwcnphllua
imuinlMua
•I>
(.accophrya
la<'lilaiil (IlathrnniiiTninua) . Lilrlinila
p«iroruni ».
I fpieanuU
laoila ((^apaiia)
La-iiiophliMm
I III' V liiat iia ( I'lvriMllchua)
j lakeaii (Dyaaiirlon) ..
I lainlnariini (llracon)
I laiiLiiiKiia (Priierophliia)
I laii\;i;,iliia (IMithluncfiria)
lapldariuB (I'lilUiacblHtiia)
lapldnacona ( Ily tlioaoopiia)
lapldciia (Griatalla)
lapidiMB (Ilmria)
lapaua (Cat-alydua)
larvata (/Karliiia) .*
Laaioptera
rccoaaa
Lnaiiia
tt^rn'iia
laaaa (Sbniuplija)
laU*biH> (.TaaHiis )
lAti'broH.t (Cliibiona)
Latprliiradin
Latlm).fiiiin
abacflHaum
tdoiitfatiim
Krande
Ill lorKlaclalo
I.allmlia
latitatiia (i^arattiia)
Lebla
Incontel (Oyniiiotrun)
li'el (l.yatra)
Lelalutniplma
patriarrbiciia
Li>piducyrtu8
Lopldoptcra
I.rpiaina
platynipra
aacchai-Inn
LepianiatidiD
Lcptobrochiia
Iiiteiia
Loptoceridin 92,
Leptopblubia
I.epti>acella
Leptyania
L«at«a 128,
coloratus
Iria
liMicoaift
lilEea
pnlainoe
vlulna
leaueiirii (Oryotaphia)
TaiiK.
208,212
201,511
20.1, il 4
205, 214
2U6, 213
208, 207
214
205,209
61S
813
617
617
617
007
lilt
213
240
25(1
369
8«.
62H
132
6U6
383
418
461
SOS
888
432
419
145
600
600
618
618
2.13
308
65
48,56
608
606
806
806
50«
318
til
613
471
283
607
607
100
20,602
102
102
102
92,102
170, 187
187
177, 191
118
4U
223
126,127
126
127
127
137
127
127
267
INDEX.
729
Ii'tntii* (('rvptiH'limniiu) 400
It'tllllMlN (Mt'iMlhnM'lllll*) IRH
iKllmiKli im il'hlliliiiH'orl*) 416
iKwInil (Axitllln) 309
LIMIiilii m,l2«
ail 14«
LIMIiiliilM) •!,)!». l-iR
MhrlliilinB W.m,12«,U&
Llburul* SHS
LIIijIIikIdx M
IlKXllrl (I'ollnM'hIalllil) 4(1
IlKnItiini (Anolilum) 402
MKyrwwU 3M, 3M
I'XNIICtllll iW^
llnitKnuiin (Maluioiioliliitnil 400
Liiiiimlialidiv a3S,M0
Lhiiiiiibin* 28
LfiiiiuM'iMin'H 47
iintl<|iiuii 10l,»47
Llnm<i|iliiIlclH< U, iTT, 178, 102
I.liiiiinplilllua ft74
Liniiinplilliii 113
Kopontos 103
Mninopayohx lOH
iliapcnit 100
Dninntrt'cliiis 8ft1
liiiioi*ii4 (ThlilHinieniiN) 4A0
Miiiiii'a 384,306
oliulltn 307,308
cnroxraU 307, 30H
BTolulii 307,390
KiarliU 307. 309
hnlniMI SVI
piitnnnil 307
I.liiyphiii 51,71,75
(hulrai'untha 70
i-ett'iiHU 75
I iittfiinlB 75
Liottu'topiini 017
piiiKue 017
Llmni-iotim 474
inurHtiia 474
LitlnulatlirlpH 372
vetiiata 372
Lilbaurion 125,120,127,134
hvaliniim 127,135
umlimliiiii 127, 13r>, 130
LiUiapliia 244,2.'i7
rtirnta 2.18
Uthocpliom 320
illupliiina 330
iiiurata 330,331
, aetlRcra 330
iiuicolor 330, 331
Litloibiiia 43
UUiiichranin* 384, 402
t'XtraiH'ua 403, 404
);anln«ri 403
iiiortuariua 403,404
nbatrlctiia 403
Lithoi;.,.:- ;«4,390
Hviilaim .391
Lithomyza 600
ciindltii 001
liihDplilltiiii (LHlildiiroiuiiia)... 213
Litbopiiyan 500
tiinmlta.. 5W
Litliopals 200
vIoniiHta 300, 301
fliiibi'iniB :I0»
Litbortalia 540
I'agc
I.lllinrtalla pleta 541
I.ltbiiliirila 009
vniaMml 000
tilthyniniitra 217
giitlatua 129
t.lliibnx'hiia 179, 180
nxKriialiu 180
I^obuatonia 452
LocrllKa 323
oopel 333
ImlillnKuri «"'.
ap(ai-ei<ipl.PI.I9,PI|i.l9|.
whltfl 323,324
Loi'iiain 23'J
Krni'iilaiiillca. 230,1:12
oculdttulalla 331
■lluiia 232
Loriiatai'lui 237
»p 334
I^oinalitua inaciilate 137
I'OiiL'biuii 589
Heiiimoeua 530
vajflnalia 530
Lonchii'lilii' 5.'(0
liiiiKmva ( A pbii'iioKaatpr) 016
Lniiiiipiilpi 675
liiiiKipt'H (OnlirliH!ui laa) 430
t.iiptirla 802
UiphoKloaaiia ... 619
LnpliniiutiiH 43
Lopbciplda 278
I'l'Pua 303
Lorlrora 533
rinnilcavona 533
ili'UoinpiiuctatA 633
lllaclalia 533
liitoaa 5.13
Txirlcprlnl •. . 534
I«itxuiidl-tli jtrlldlla 52/
lutulhl (Apbidopaia) 263
llientiin(Eclytiia) 014
liitonxla (Ollania) 288
liiteiiH (Le]>t4>br(i€biia) 167
liiUHit (Lorlcirn) 533
hit(Mii'< ( A iiielancod) 270
Lycnaoldit! 40,62
LvotooiirlB 301
ttirreiiR 301
LygB'nrla 376
LvKiiiWin 342,374
l.yKivlna 374,375
Lyirwttea 376
LypiMia 370
fa'culon tua 376, 377
iniitllua 370
obwlHiiooua ,'176, 377
atflbiHtua . 370
LyKtia 3112
Lyaira '.'82
ll«i 282,283
rlchurdannl 282, 2S3
Macaria 82
niacor (Thiibameniia).... 4.'>1
maceriatiix (IIiu'onchiHlual ... 459
iDArih'iitH {KpbiMitcr.i) 122
macreacciiH (l£hi'piic<pria), 427
Macrnceiitnia 6U7
maottlntn (('yiDut^miera) 230
(Pttlocpliora) 820
ma.mloaa (Ilnloorpal 174
Page.
UalaimlKrniato n
niaiiitlUiiiia (I'moydnua) 443
niancH (Svinniyial 643
roMiliim (CapltHihmmua) 406
MaiilIdH Ml
niarcflua (Il^diopaycb*) IM
niaroldii^ (Drnihrcicbua) lU
iiiariirriiiM ( Aphliliipala) 204
niF, vfiinl (Paleopbora) 327
•tiaaceai'flna (Aitrion) 130
MatiPoarblaliia 46.1,469
llnilKvuiia 400
mnadlKKiitei'inea) 116
Meciicnphala 453,459,404
ap 404
nimikli (R|ielra) 83
MaKaloiniia 104
Melaiinpliiira 07
Molanolbripa 871
Bit'.unU 871
UsliddiK 38
Manibraalda 802
Meaobnxihiih 179,188
Inibncilliia 188,189
Ii«tbH!ua 188
Metfonia 007
Metnibatoa 862,353
nilenialla 853
Mlon-lytraria 4|g
MicromuB 14'r i(i3
blrtua 185
MUroTella 349
Mlcryphanu^a 70
Mld«aldu< 20
Mllealn 665,567
cpiailrala 537
minima (KhepiH'oria) 429
minor (Cychraa) 537
Mlrarla .' 302
MIrIa 301, ,102
MIxalla 51
MnenioaynB tnrrontula 2I>3
Monunthia 357, 368
quadrlmaoiilata 3.t8
veterna 850
wollUI 858
Monopblebua .*. 241
peunalua Ill
Biroplex 242
Mordellldin _ 28
Mormoliicoldea artlcnlatiia ... 148
mortale(Labldurommn) ' 207
roortlclna (PallapU'ril 540
mortuarliia(Ulbocbn>mu8) 404
mortnolla (Paooiulhi) 603
morlniia (Uxygouiia) 400
niiidKi'i(Arohtlacbnua) 247
iiMiltlapInoaa (Tyrbiila) 231
miirata (Utbecpbora) .*. 831
niiiratna (Llatrunutaa) 474
Muaca 651
t\BoarldcB 661
LiboBa 552
hydropica 658
Bp 568
TinculaU 554
MuHldai 20,551
mutllaU (Thamnotettlx) 809
MutilUdic 30
Myoetophila 588
occolUtA 688
730
INDEX.
Pago MycetophilidiB 2tl,S86
a|> 5M
Mycotretua S02
binolataa 603
aangiiiiiip«iiuia 603
MyoiLicharia 383, 3St
M.vmlocbiua 374, MB
Uyupa 855
Myriapoda 48
Myrmoleon 147
Myniielcontliia 82
Uyrmloa "5
ap *I6
MymlcldiB 30,«I8
MyatacMea 191,104
Nabidm , 339,340,341
Nanthacla i'^*
torpida 224
\aacorida) 339, 340, .W
Nebria 632
paleonielaa 632
Bahlbergi 532
Xecrochromua 384. 40fi
cockerelll 406,407
labatua 406,407
aaxlflcaa 4%, 407
Xecrocydnus 437,443
ainyzuoua 444,446
KOhiatenaia 444,445
revectUB 444,44il
aenlor. 444,447
aulidatua 444,447
alygiaa 444.446
toipens 444,445
viilcautua 444
.Vccropsylbi 275,278
rijiidii 276
Necygomirt 347
riilundatua 348
Xi^lnnibillln 149
.Vuiiintortira 568
\. .;ii,biii8 234
brtiariua 235
vittatna 235
Ni-olballra 636
te«teu« 535
\epbila 81,52,76,89
pi'uuatipea 89
pimuipea OU
N.'pidB' 339,340
.Srpiiculii 602
XourmrorU 436
Xonronbi 196
in'aueacena 196
rnticiiUtJt 196
Kfinifaaciata 197
NmiropU'ta 91
iii};ra (St«uovelift) 350
iiij^riim (Pt(>ro8ti]{raa) 275
Nitidiilidai .. 27,499
iioi'tiiDl (Taxonus) 6U4
NoHodeDtlron 4&9
trita.ura 499
iiiiicolor 499
N'otbochi yaa 147, 166, 108, 1 6»
fulvicepa 169
Notipbilina 543
NotonecU 346
omcraoni 846
NotODectldat 846
P aRO.
Nyotopbylax 279
uhleri 270
vlnil 279,280
NynipbalidH) 29
Nyniphoa 147
Nyaiua 377
atratiin 378,380
temB 378,379
tritua 378,370
vecola 378
Tincttia 378
obdonnitDm (Diaplegma) 292
obduratua >Tetbn< ua) 79
obliqiia ( Palaphrodna) 336
obtiterata (Hypocniifa) 016
obDubiliia (PoteHfbtittia) 458
ubaciira (PalapbrmU-s) 335
abaolefactua ((^apsim) 368
obaoleacena ( Ly)(ipnii) 377
ubaoletuni (Stapbyliuitea) . ... 510
obBt'ictiia (Lilliochroniua) 403
obtei^ta (Tettignniii) S04
obticeacena ( Piilgora) 285
(MTiiItata (Mycetophila) 588
occultorum (Diaplcgn ) 291
Oohyroooria 241
Ooypete 56
CKIonata... 02,124
Odoiitoceruni 191
(Ecant'ma 234
(Edipoda 223,225
cn)ruleac«na 224
flacheri 224
irarmari 224
baidingr-ri 224
luolanoatlcta 224
nigrufaaciulata 220,224
(Bnin^enaia 224, '*'15
priorocata 225
iKdipwIidfl) 220.22:)
<Kstrhla> 551
(Kalrua 559
Ollaritca 293
terrentula 293
Oliarua 287
IiitenHJa 288
Onc» 76
< )ni-oiylaria 302
Oncotyltia 362
opoita I llydropayche) 180
opertaneiim (Ihoridiaiii) 73
Opbryaatea 477
cinereiia 478
cnmpactaa 4t7
Upilioiioa 45
Opiathopbylax .56
OpHifWtua 3.55
Orbitrlariiu 48,76
Orchclimuiii 231
i-onrinniim 231
placidiiin 231
nrAillaiia .176
Ortalid'U 2t;,.'.40
OithiiDfiiru 560
Ortbophli'bia 172
Ollbopa 362
OitbiiiHi'ia 201
Ortburbapba 66::
Orthriocoiiaa 419,429
longipea 430
' Oryctaphia 244,;06
luauenrii 206,267
I ri>condlta 266
OryctoAcirletna protogieaa 28
Osmyliia 146,117,161,162
Plotna 162,163
rvqiiirtiia 162
oatenlata /niiibiona) 65
oatunttia ( P(ccilacapaua) 360
Ollorbynchidic 475
Otiorbynidiiia ^^g
diibiiia 477
porditufl 478
j aulcatua 477
I tiiniba* 477
j onataleti (Trox) 4^7
I ovah) (Auobium) t 491
j OircarouiDa 381
j Oxygoniia 406
! mortuiia 4gg
] Oxyiioriis 505
"tiriacua S05
Oxytcliia 503
priatiniia 503
nigoaiia g04
Paobycoria 433
ParhyniuruB :i84,400
faaciaiiis 397
potienaia 401
piilchellna 397
Fachypaylla. 275
Pacbytylua 224
packardii (Dyaagrion) 133
PaladicKlIa 179,189
crupiioola Igg
Palifochryaa 147,166
striota 166
Paltcocorin m
PaliTDilictyoplora 103
PaliL'otbripa 373
foaailia 373
P,iiieon'!la 318,349
fpiuoaa 349
Palaplirolca 333
vineta 134
iiTKgulaiia 334,335
obliqua 334,336
obacura 334,335
Irauaveraa... 331,338
Palri'pbora 324
cunimuuia 321,328
iiiornata 326, 3jO
inaculata 326
inarvinei 326,327
paUifacta 336,327
prmvab'na 326,328
PalenibuluHdori^fTiiB 2fi
pab-iiini'Iaa (!{ebrin) ,'>32
Paliiigonia 118,119
feintniauli'll 119
Palloptnra 640
morticina 540
pahidigoiia (TiiiodiM) 190
paludivaga (BtdctiDa) 504
Paniora Ssl
Parapbagidip 220
Panorpa 147,172,173,176
gnu^ilU 174
nematogaator I7S
rigid* 1T6
Page.
Fanorpidffi 92,147,172
ParahtindUi 21(1
Huussun^i 216
luialli'lus (TelniatreobuO 3S3
Riralvctra 319
Parandritii 501
oephalotea 502
i-osllto 501
PdniUDa 62,53
evocatus 63,54
latitatng 63,65
reanrrcotua S3
Panidanuiatua 419,421
abaciaaua 421,422
caduciia 42I,4i:i
colliaaa 421.422
defrctna 421,423
vxanimatna 421, 423
Inhibitua 421,424
Pnrolanii > rudia 28
Paru|iaiiai8 117
dit^juDOtua 118
Parcilminea....- 106
rodiuffi 105,108,112
haxonii 295, 108,110
liHlgnia 106,108
|inri itiiH ( Moruiiacna) 467
parvus (Thlibomonua) 449
piitofacta(PaIiM!phara) 327
patella (Cbirnuoiuua^ 580
patriarchicua ( Lelatotrophua) . . 607
Patrubua 530
gelatua 63U
anpteiitritmia 63u
.''aiiropida U8
p«aU>i (Pleuia) 685
IVli'cinus 30
Polu^oniirt 347
Peliiplii^jiiia' 243 i
Poiupliijiua 243
l><'iiuntipi',H (NV|><iila) 89
piMiiiatii.i (Art^bilacbnus) 247
PiMitatoiiin .". 435, 463
Peubitniiiida 4S;i {
Pcutatuiuidic 342,4.15
PenlAtuiiiites 4S3.461
roliariiiu 462
P<?ufhetriii aitiiitkunioeua 583
perditUB ((ltiurh>itcbiia) 476
pen iiiptua ( l'i«zoi:oria) 417
pvn>iinatua (Thlibntnenua) 450
peritua (Piezocoria) 417
Perlina 92
Petalia 125
IVtaliira 125
P'ltraiiiR (PJlliiuocorla) 4lfi
potreu.siH (Pachyiuarna) 401
pntreua (Thlibnineiim) 449
petriniiB ( Icbiitnimon) litis
Peti'ol^atra 319
KiKautoa ;i21
beroa 821,322
petroruiii (Geranrnn) 249
Pliaua^na . ....,., 489
antiqaiia 4gg
cainirnx 4(19
pluto 4tio
PbaneropttTiivotuata 227
Phaanilda 219
i'lienolla 499
giOTiw 499
INDEX.
Paice.
Phenolla iDcapax 499
Pbldlppna .12,53
Phnhjrdrua 51 j
prlmicTaa 512
«P 512
PhllodtomtnQ 49,56
Pbtlogenia 126,129,135
Philotaraaa i)7
PhI<Bocoila 435
Pblreoslniia 468
PbliBothripa 371
PbradopanitTu 384,388
cblltendeni 388,389
wilaoni 388
Phryganoa 197
autiqna 178, lot
blumii 178,194
corentiana 193
gcraudiana 193
grandia 108
bypi'rborea 91
labnfacta 197
nilcaceii 194
operta 180
Pbrjganidio 92,177,195
PbrynidaD 45
PhtbiuocoriH 412,414
culligatiia 414
iaugiiidiia 414,415
lutbargiuiia 414,415
pelriBua 414,416
357 227 234 220 371 362
731
Pbylluutucbeilacardiii . Pbyllopburidic. Pbylloptera ..
Pbymatidiu
Pbyaapodea . . Phytocorui'i'
Phytoooria 361,362
iUVuIutUH 3ft)
Pbytopiua antiquiiB 47
picea (Oalcrueella) 486
picta(LithorlaUa) 541
Pierinu3 29
Piuaiiia 357
rotunda 35a
Piczucoria 412,416
e;)iDpacUlia 417
poreniptua. 417
peritua 417
Pinipl* 30,610
deoeaaa
iuatigiitor
aaxea
Hi'ueola
pinguo (LioiuKtopuin)
I'ipuni'tilidiK
Pintea
Plratina ...
placatua (XtOeoacbiatua)
Xdat-idmii (OrobiiUmiim)
I'bigtognal baria
Planipenuia 92,146
r-iiinooepbaliia 94,98,347
aBt'lloidua ... 94
PlannpliU^bU 296
glgaiilea 296
Platyvneniia 126,127
aiittquii , .. 127
ioariia 127
platymiira (Lepiania) 102
Pla.yuieria 354
Page.
PlatynuB 6|g
cieruB.. 821
caaiia 619
crouiatrlatiia 619,520,621
dfaiiutua . . . 521
diaaipatua ;. 621
balll 820
harttii 622
binilei 620
rabripea 619,520,821
•ene» 519
rarlolatiia 619
Plaiypeziiliv 55-, '
: Pleoia 883
d^ecta 886
i Pealei 8b.->
I Bimilkaineeaa sm
PliBarilna 354
'•'"'•"•I" 361,354
I Podagrlon 125, 126, 127, 128, 133
1 abortiviiiu 127 134
i mocropua 134
Po'lura 109
Podiirldie 93
PnDctlocapaiia ^^
rri<iiiantii 3(8
orDatiiliia 395
oatentua 38.'i,369
; tabiduB 366.368
veterandua ... 365,366
veteruoaua 36S..'te7
PcBcMiera 278,279
I'uUoniyia (,85
focta ... 558
Pollcsehistua 453,460
lapldariuB *. 460,461
•ig»tiia 400,461
Poliatea.. 39
Piilycentriipua 177, 180, 181
oriratiia 192
exeaua igj
Polycloua 241
Polydeamiia K 41
I'olypbagit 217,218
"olyxcniia 43
ponipatiu.i (Diiuacia) 486
Poiiipilidie 39
Punoridiu 39
populntA(Fiilgura) 284
portionalia (Setoilea) 19|
Potaniaiitbiia 118
Pot«8cblatii8 453,458
obniibiliia 4,',8
prmforata ((Edipiida) 225
pnuMtriotuni (Apnruma) 370
pra>tectiia ( Hbepovuria) 427
pniraloiia (Palt'cpliora) 329
(Uhepucoria) 427
pn^ouraor ( Aphudiiia) 488
prima (C'a opaylla, 277
priniii'vua (Pbilbydrua) 812
prliiiiKUiiiiia (TiMii'brio) 483
pniiiigDiiiia (Ctnrekcoria) 394
priinitiva (Diuranoiiiyia) 876
prinionllalia (Entimua) 474
Prluiicphiira 332
baIt<Mtta 832
priaconiargii ata (Tetllgonia) .. 302
priaiMiputlda (Aiiaaa) 41J
priacotiiicta (Tettlgnnia) 303
pri8COvariegala(TetUgonla) ... 30:i
bHB
732
INDEX.
prlfloiiH (Antherophagiis)
priHtiiMiji f nracii.N tarniis)
(OxjU'lus)
proHvitUH (Culex)
proaviiH (Clxiiis)
proci'r.1 ( Bi aclijpeza)
PrncoriB
bechleri
saDctii-JobauufB
Procrnpliiii!!
coiiiumnirt
OOHtaliH
• laiigueuH
Procjdima
tlt'VlctUH
dtrexus
catoui
niainillaDut*
proiiua
qiiietiiii
reliqiiiiH
vu»pi?ru8
Prwlywlora
Prol.VKii'Ufl
inunilatua
Prnnintopia
(lepilfH
sexiiincitlnta
PronemubiiiH
induratiis
nmitbii
tertiario'i
Pronophlebia
reiliviva
pronnrt tPi'Ocydnus)
Propetes.j
prnpiiiqua (Siphonopliomidi'B) ptopiuii'ians (Kbepocoris) Prrmijritra
flu' ilura ...
Proti'iii,.
imbecillis
Protoiieura
Protophaamida
provcctus (H ylobiua)
(TetbneiiB)
Psecadia
niortuella
PNeiiduperla
PMMidopbaiia
Pneudopbltcina
PMeudopbyllidfl)
PKcudoatiKina
PsviidotbomiBUs
PniloU
tauidoBA
Psucina
Pbociib
PBC.qiillla
Psylla
P»yllida)
ItByllnides (DociniuB)
P.)\Ilt)p8iB
I'tiTOBtil-bUB
ab-.-o<rHtii8
coraciiiiiB
deHtitiitiiB
dOBt I UCtllB
dorniiUDB
IhMitnB
gelidiM i
Page.
601
466
503
B82
287
S91
384, 3«2
393
3»3
381
382
382
382,383
437, 438
43S, MO
430 440
439, 442
439,443
430
439, 441
4:10, 441
439,442
81
384,40.%
;06
5v«
SOv
500
234
234. 23.'!
234, 230
!34, 235
573
574
430
52
257
429
343
344
419,4'.'4
424
127
103
473
81
602
603
219
278, 285
430
230
127
50
SCI
661
82, 117
117
270
275
275
314
276
a:5
625
528
526
527
526
627
627
Pteroatichua lieroiiIanvnB
liiidBontciiH
laitultiB
lievigatiiB
patrnoliB
«ayl
I ap
BtygieuH
Pteroatfgraa .
ni):runi
recurvum
PtiDidw
Ptycl'opterina
Ptyelus
pumlcosa (Ephemera)
punctalata (Stem polta)
piiiictulatiiB ((/blietiluB)
putiiaml (Linna^a)
PyralidiD
Pyrrbocorina
PyrrboBoma 126,
Py tbonlHBa
qiiadrata (Mileiia;
(juedinx
browerl
cbaniberlini
ii.'dotdiiniiB
queBUeli (Shenapbii*)
qiiietuB (ProcydDUB)
laHueBqiit'KSiphunopboroideB). Kaphidia
trauqulUa
Kaphidildai 92,
rece^Bu ( Lastoptcr \)
i-eciai. ( Homalota)
recliiaa ( Agathemera)
recondita (Oryctapbis)
recta (Poliomyia)
recurvum (PternstiKnia)
rediriva (Pronopblebia)
RednriblB)
Keduriina
KeduviiiB
gnttatuB
regularia (Elidiptora)
relictus f HydrachiiB)
reliquata (TaphacriB)
reliquuB (Procyduus)
reperiUB (Cratoparis)
requietuB (OBmylus)
resurrectuB (ParattUB)
reautUB (ThomianB)
reteiiaa ( Lin; pbla)
reticulata (Hammapteryx)
Retitelaria)
revectuB (Necrocydnus)
rovelata (Sciomyza)
reviviBcenB(Sycbnobrocna8)...
revulauB (ThnetoBcbiHtus)
UhepncnriB
macreacenB
minima
praitectuB
prn'valenfl
propintiuanB
libiplpburidai
RblpiphomB
geikiei
Rhyacopbilida)
Page.
525
528
S20
528
.'.27
620
528,520
528
244, 273
273, 276
273, 274
28, 401
575
333
122
4.38
517
397
29
;<42, 400
137, 139
02
557 607 508 508 508 250 441
256 146, 154 154 146, 154 600 500 219 266 556
674
354
3.'>4
354
434
297
516
220
441
460
162
53
67
75
208
48.70
418
542
208
4,'i8
419, 420
427
427, 429
427
427
427, 428
482
482
482
92,177
Page.
Rbynohltidie 481
Kbynchopbora 28
Kbypiirociiromarla 384
RbypaiucliromUB 361, 384, 400
teireuB 361
verrillii 400
RbyBBa 30.649
JiiveniB 609
R' -inia 278.297
KIcaniida 2J7
ricbardauni (Lyatra) 2<)3
Ricini 47
ligea'enB (HelopborUB) 616
4 igida ( yecropaylla) 276
(Pannrpa) 176
rigoratuB (Tel-">BcbiBta8) 466
rileyi (Cataneurii) ^ 246
robnBtuB (CydamuB) 420
roBtrata (Dicranomyia) 671
i-otiinda (Pieama) 858
rotuiidatUH (Xecygoniu) 348
rotundipennin (Apbana) 263
ruinoAuiii i.'iaplegma) 292
nipta (.Eniiilin) 489
ruaoelli (Tyrbula) 222
Kymoaia 600
Btrangnlata 590
Sackenia CM, 699
arouata 695
ap 696
Saiciua 366
SaldidiB 339,340,341
!<altiruB 52
Saltigrada) 48,62
sancticjobanniB (ProcorlB) 393
SapiluuB 491
saiiBBurei (Paralatindiu) 216
Baxatilla (EpicntruB) 478
Bcxea (PImpla) 610
aaxiullB (TropiBternnB) 615
Baxicola (GyrapbiGua) 509
aaxiflcus ( XecrocbromnB) 407
aaxigrna (BupreatlB) 494
aaxosa (Cicadula). 310
SbenapbiB 244,250
laBBa 250,2'>3
quuBDell 250
ubleri 250.252
ScarabaiidiD 27.487
Scbellcubergia 71
.Scbizoueura 243
Sclrzimeurina) 244, 289
Scbizcinouroules 244, 289
Bcudderi 209
Sciara 586
deper<lita 986
Bcopuli S88
ungulata 688
Sclariiia 688, .W6
Kciontyza 543
(iiBJecta 640
manca 643
revelata M2
ap 646
Soiuniyzidii' 642
Sciopbila 507
byattll 6«7
Scolla 30
Scolopenr'ra 48
Scolopen irella M
I
INDEX.
738
Page.
Soolopooerni 430
ScolytldH) 46il
Scolytiis nignloaua 460
acopuli (Sciara) 588
Rouilderi (Sohiznnenrnides) .... 2(i0
■cnlptiliB (XroplHterniiii) SU
Scntellerlna 436
Soylltna 226
nigroranuiolata 220, 224
8c}'todoida> 40
■ecenga (SeKestria) 61
HecliiHum (Tberidium) 74
HHUulorum (Tanymecng) 475
Segeatrla 51,60,61
Buceasa 61
senoonlata 61
aelwyni (r^rvopla) 318
SemblU 148
seneola (Pimpla) 611
aeneaceuH (Lonchaja) 530
senex (Platyniis) 510
senilis (Delphax) 205
■ (Hettiroiuyza) 547
aonior ( Necrooydnnit) 447
•eparata (.JUcboa) 144
aepoaitua (Carmelus) 364
aeptua (Chiroaomos) 578
aepniobi'i (Tipula) 578
sepulta ( Boletina) 503
(Biiprastia) 405
soreaeena (Encorites) 392
SfliicoMtoniidaj 92,177
aetigera (Litbecphora) 330
Setodes 101
abbreviate 101,102
portioiialis 101
aexatriatuB (lieiosus) fii3
Sialidie 92,148
Sialina 02,148
Slalia 152
Sialium 148
Sigtt ..-1 76
Slgara 343
silena (Locuata) 232
Sllpbido) 28
almilkanieena ( Pleciu) . 583
■Implex (Monophlebus) 242
(Spiladoiayia) 673
(TephraphU) 2.'i0
Sipbonophoroidea 244, 251, 238
antiqiia -^5
propiuqiia 255, 257
raflneaiiiiei 255, 250
simplex 2110
Siayra 147
Sitodrepa 493
defuncta 493
Sitonea granda^vna 4s\
amitbil (Pronemobius) 238
soliila (.^aobDa) 143
Holidatua (Necrouyduiis) 447
aolldesoena (Didineia) 620
mimnolenta (Inocellia) :',7
HonmurniiR (CoriiiiB) 431
miporatus (Limnoplillua) 103
Hopnrtt8(Anthonomiis) 472
Soaybitta 6*2
dpartocera 4n
apeluncffi (Tenor) !>5
Spermopbagua vivifloatna 28
Spheropaooua 117,276
Page,
Spheiide 30,620
SpUadomyla 672
simplex 673
apino8a(Palwavelia) .' 349
spoliate (Tlpnla) 877
Spongopbora 204
aqiuiIideiiK (Hyliwtea) 468
staliilitiiH (LygieliB) 376
st&li (Telmatroclmsl 351
StapliyliuidHi 27,603
Stepliylinitea 510
obsoletura 510
Sieirodnn 227
Bteneattua 52
Stenocinclia ,'i63
anomala 564
Bp 565
Stenopamera 384,385
subterreu 380
tenebrosa 386
Stenopuite 437
ptinctulate 438
Stenophlobia 125
< lenopuda 354
Su-nopo<iiua 354
Htenorelia- , 348,340
nigra 350
Sterope , 125
partbenopo 127
Btigmaticnm (Ficiu-AHitert) 301
stigniosa (Dioraiionij ia) 568
Btiria (Uouaciu) 486
Btiriacoa (Oxyporns) 505
strnngiilato ( Kymosia) 590
SIratiomyida,' , 29,686
Btmtiis (KvBius) 380
Btrivte (Pateoc'hrysa) 166
•Stridtilantia 230
Btygialis (TrnpezonotUB) 306
fltygius {JTecrocydnus) 446
sublerna < ApbidopaiH) 261
siiliterrea (Stenopnmera) 386
Bulfocatn (Cercopis) 319
SycbnobrocbuB 244,268
reririBcens 268
Sympbyla gg
Synipleote 575
Sympycna partbenope 127
Syp; ax 5(1
Syrbula 221
Syromastea 411
SyrpUida) 20 557
«P 602
Syrpbua 658,550
sp 550
SyBielionotus 362
tebidosa (Psilote) 661
tabiduB (PuccilocapsuB) 368
tabili<'a(Epbomera) 120
tebidnuB (TiromeruB) 402
Taobina 554
sp 554
TaGliiuidiB 634
Tacbydromidio (we expl. P1.20, F<^. 0).
teclte(Analella) 580
TagatiB 366
Tagaloden 356
ioermis 367
TanymeoiiB 475
seonlomm 475
Page.
Tapbaorta 226
reliqnate 226
Tarsophlebia 128
TaxoniiB 604
nortoni 604
tecto (Tipula) 677
Tegenaria 63
TelebaaiB 139
Teleoscbiatus 453,454
antiqiiiis 454
piaoatns 454,457
rigoratua 454,456
Telepburidm 28
tellurls (Agrion) 140
telluster (Inlus) 44
TelmatreobiiB 351
parallelus 351, 353
st&li 351
tenebricoBiis (Copbooiria) 391 *
Tonebrio 483
molitot 484
primigeniua 483
Tenebrionidio 28, 483
tenebrosa (Stenopamera) 386
Tenor 419,425
spelunca) 425
Teutbredinida) 31,604
tennis (Berosua) 514
Tepbrapbis 244,238
simplex 2.50
walabii 260,260
Tei-ebrantia 604
Termea 103,104
peccana) 104
priatinna 105
Terniitina 92,103
Terniopsis , 104,107
ternu (Nysina) 379
terrentula (Oliaritea) 203
torrestris (CryplobypnuB 407
(erre a (Laahia) 618
(Lyctocori»' 361
teiriiiola (Dladocidia) 598
terrigena (Cercyon) 610
Territeiaria) 48
terroans ( Endiagogua) 475
tertiaria (Bnpreatis)- 493
(THtrajtnalba) 77
tertiarium (Lahidnromma).. .. 200
tertinrina (Ixmlcs) 47
(Prouemobius) 235
teatens (Neothancs) 536
Tetbneua 51,76,78
guyoti 78
hentzii. 78,80
obduratus . 78,79
provectus 78,81
Totragnatba 51, 52, 76, 77
tertiaria 77
Tetragouenra 580
Tetrix graoilia 220
Tettigida) 202
Tettigidea graoilia 220
Tettigouia 302
bella 303
obteota 304
priacomargiuate 302
priscotinote 302,303
priacoTariegata 302,303
Tetyra 435
Tbalesaa 30
734
INDEX.
Page.
Thamnotottiz 300
fundi 30B.310
gaonetti 30D
mutUata ;ioB
Tberkpha hyoaoiaiui 43;)
TherapboHOldaj 49, 6*J
Tkerea go
Therevldw 20
Theridides 48, 49, 6u, 70
Tlieridiuni 51, 62, 70, 71, 73
grauulatam 73
hirtufu 73
opertaneum 73
qiindrlgnttat jm 68
Hucluauni 73,74
Tliliboroeiius 437,448
lillioaus 441,, 450
maccr 449,451
parvus 448,440
perennatus 449,450
pe'rens 448,449
ThIimiuosuhUtua 453,463
gruvidatua 403
Thnetaachiat.ua 45,3, 457
revulaua 458
Thomlaidea 48,40,56 '
Thonilaua 51,56,57 '■
drfosHua 57,59
diiOuiictus 57,58
resutua 57
Thj-elia , 70,71
Thjaannra 92,94
Tinoa (joj
TiiieidiD 002
Tineltca go'.'
Tlngi.lldio 357
Tlngia 357
oardni 357
TiDodea jgo
palndigena 190
Tipnla £76
decrepita 576
Hepulchri 578
apoliata 577
tecta 677
Tipullda) 28,568
TipulidoD brevipalpi 574 i
TipuIidiD longipalpi 575
Tiromerna 384,401 |
labifluna 401, 402 i
torpefaotua 401,402 |
Tiroachtatua 453,463 i
indureacAns 46:1
TItanoBca si, 68 I
Page.
TitaiKEoa heaterna 68,69
iuganua 6^,69
inailrigultata 68
Toinaapia 326
tari>Bfactua (Tiromerua) 402
torpenp ( Necruoydnua) 445
turphla OTaiithaoia) 225
torponittt (Calluiiiyia) 655
' Tortricidie 29
I tranqiiilla (Knpbidia) 154
! traiiarrrsii (Palaphrodea) 336
i Iransveraalis (Olypta) 613
Trapazuiiiitua 384,395
i^xteruiiiintua 39,-)
atjgialis 395,396
TrapeziiH 385
Triliochry«» U7, 166, lOt
flnnalu 169,172
iiif qualis 169, 170
vetiiHOula 169, 170
TnohocM !i 574
Trichunta 590
dawson! 590
Tricbopt6i-a 92, 170
Triecphora 315,320
Tiipouldli
tiigatlat»(Ch()lula)
tritavuiu (Noaodendron)
trituK (Xysiua)
Trortes
Tronibidido)
Tropldiichida
TropiHU^ruua
biiiotatiia
iiioxicauua
aaxialia
acnlptilla
Troi
ouatnleii
twrrentria
Truxaliilii-
Trypoileudt-uu impreasuni
Tubitelaris 48, (
234 389 499 379 117 47 278 514 515 514 615 514 487 487 487 220 470
tumbiD (Otlorbyncbua) .
tumulata (TuocelUa)
tumulla ( LitkophyHa) . .. .
Tyrbula
inultiapinosa.
477 158 566 221 221 rusaelli 221,222
uhleri (Nyctophylaz) ...
(Skenaphis)
unibratioa (Boletiua).... nmbratilia (Cercopltea) .
279
593 316
uiubratom (Litbagrion). unJooIor (Dyadercua) ...
(LItbmphora)
Drooerldra
Crooteoidie
vanduieei (Uorlxa)
Vaueuldi
veoula (Nyahia)
velatua (Corymbitea)
Vella
currena
Veliidai
venerabllo (Uiaplegma)
ventrioaa (Homamgamia)
verrlllii (Rbyparncbrumna) ...
veaperua ( Procydnua)
Vespidiu '.
veatita (Paniudrita)
vetemiia (luiicrllia)
vuterandu.t (Pmclloeapaua) ...
vetoraacpua (Diaplegma)
vftf rim t M(inaiithla)
veteiuuaua (PfBClIootpaiia) ...
vetua (Cainpnnotua)
retuacula (Tribochryaa)
vetuata (Lithadotl^ripa)
vetnatua (Cryptocepbalna) . . .
A'Igil (Xyctopbylax) ,
viuotua ( N'yaiua)
vinculata (Uuaca)
Yolucella
vulcaiialia (Epeira)
vulcaniuB (NeonHjjdnua)
walahii (Tephraphla)
wheatleyi (Cycbrna)
wbltei (Locritea)
wibwDi (Phnidupaniera).. wyoiningenai8(C(Blidia) ..
Page. 136 410 331 81 62
844 29 378 496 348 348 348 291 218 400 442 ,>0 SOI 156 366 290 359 367 019 170 372 481 . 280 378 5,54 559 86 444
260 636 324 388 313
Xenomorpha ;.. 566
Xiphidinm 231
Xya 234
Xylota 855
Xyaticna se,57
Ypsolophua .. inaignia..
Zetobora
brunneii ..
mouaatica . Zilla
602 602
217 217 217 70