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1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

i.

hr,

I

I

3*j

1 1

Speei

es

of

European and NoptJiamenean

%j II e^ (Mosses)

synoptieaJly described

by

P^of. N. Con. Kindbepg, Ph. d.

1 <'

Part. 2.

Aepoeappoua

— — »c<-

Unk6plngg M.hograflska Aktiebola*

1897.

■:l.

ff

>-

"■■%■

^nmm/mmv

15;^ —

Fam. !5. SchistostegacesB.

66. Schistoste^a Mohr.
l.S.OSiiiuiidacea DickBon. — Mnium Dicks., Schistostega Mohr.
Lobes of the frons (» leaves ») sul)ob]on<i; short-aciuninate acute
entire; cells large. Capsule minute globose; pedicel elongate.
Stem naked below, often with long l)asal shoots bearing a bud
of ovate-lanceolate leaves. Prothalliuni (protoncma) effulgent
as a smaragd. — Dark caverns of sandstone rocks or (in Can.)
on roots of stumps. Eur. not r. Sweden! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

Fam. 16. EustJchiacesB.

67. Eiistichia Bridel.
l.E.inibricata Desvaux. — Fissidens Desv.; Eustichia Kindb.;
E. norvegica Brid. (incorrect name).

Leaves entire: lower short truncate or apiculate, upper acu-
minate; costa not excurrent. Periohctial leaves very much lon-
ger, long-subulate distantl}'' crenulatc, often hyaline at apex.
Capsule globose chestnut- colored scar>;oly emergent : jove the
poMits of perichetial leaves; pedicel shortish arcuate when moi-
stened. Dioecious very r. fruit. — Shaded sandstone rocks r.
Amer. U. S.: Sullivant; Cheney, fruit.; Roell; Mrs Britton. Eur.
>/ Iceland: Vahl»: Schimper.

Fam. J 7. PolytpichaceaB.

68. Catliariuea Ehrhart.

1. Lepidophyllae. Leaves undulate, furnished with trans-
verse rows of scales at back. Mostly paroecious.

2. Leioplijilae. Leaves not distinctly undulate, Avithout
scales. Dioecious.

1. Lepidophyllte.

A. Leaves broader at base. Capsule strangulate; calyptra
smooth.

l.C.Selwyili Austin. — Atrichum Aust.; Catharinea Kindb.
revue bryol. 1894.

Leaves broad oblong-lanceolate obtusate sul)<)btuse, dentate
to below middle, very chloroph3'llo8e above, pellucid and some-
times rufescent below, spreading when moistened; lamellae us.
6; costa dentate at oack. Capsule nearly straight. Paroecious.
— On earth or stumps r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Howell,
com. Cardot; Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.

B. Leaves narrowed at base. Capsule not or slightly stran-
gulate; calyptra scabrous at apex.

11

M

> ll

' -<!li

tfk

— 154 -

a. Leave8 limbate by 2 rows of linear cells; costa dentate
above at back. CapBule cylindric.

2.C.un(lulata L. — Bryum L.; Catharinea Weber et Mohr;
Atrichuni Br, eur.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate acute, dentate alno
below middle, very chlorophyllose, si)reading wben moi.stened,
gen. large and green; lanielhiu us. 2 — 4. Capsule us. large
curved; pedicel often very long. Paroecious or pol^'gamous;
male plants rare. — Eartli and wet rocks i)rinc. in lower regions,
common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Koell; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

S.C.Hausskliechtii Juratzka et Milde. — Atrichum J. et M.;
Catbarinea Brotberus; C. anomala Brybn.

Differs from tbe last: Leaves lanceolate sbort-acuminate sub-
obtuse, less large. Capsules smaller and nearly straigbt, some-
times clustered. More often paroecious. — Wet eartb in woods
r. Eur. Norway; Brybn. Amer. N. Foundl.: Wagborne.
4.C.augustala Bridel. — Atricbum Br. eur.

Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate sbort-acuminate sub-
obtuse, entire below middle, faintly cbloropbyllose and often
subpellucid, patent wben moistened, less large and less undu-
late tban in tbe botb last and gen. olive-green; lamellce us. 5 — 7.
Capsule less large and nearly straigbt; pedicel red sbortisb.
Dioecious. Male plants abundant in separate tufts witb cup-
sbaped flowers; perigonial leaves witb tbick costa. — Sandy
and clayey eartb, often on rocks and stone-walls. Eur. princ.
in soutbern distr. Switzerl.! Amer. more common. Can.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Wetberby.
*C.xaiithopelnia C. Mueller. — Atricbum Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves more distinctly obtuse witb smaller teetb. Pedicel
of capsule long and pale, — Amer r. U. S.: Boll, com, C,
Mueller; Langlois, com. Renauld.

h. Leaves indistinctly limbate by one row of linear cells;
costa nearly smootb Fruiting stem unknown.
5.C.rosulata C. M. et Kindb.; Atricbum cat. Canad. ra.

Sboot-leaves sbort rosulatt-: upper oblong-lanceolate subobtuse
dentate above middle and scarcely undulate, spreading wben
moist, often witbout scales at back. — On old stumps r, Amer.
Can. Brit, Col.: Macoun.

2. LeiopbylbB.
G.C.crispa James. — Atricbum SuUiv, icon. muse.

Leaves large distant obtusate obtuse oval-oblong or oblong-

f-

if

1 ^"fTir'r"

^ m.

155

li;

I

lanceolate, dentienlate above middle, narrowed at base; lainiilhe
UH. 3; eosta smooth at back. Capsule Hubeylindric or subcla-
vate; pedicel not long. Stem often high. R. fruiting. — Clay
Boil or among grass near water. Eur. r. Engl.: Rogers. Amer.
less r. Can.: Macoun (fruit.).

T.C.tenella Roehling. — Atrichnm Br. eur.

Leaves somewhat small crowded acute not broad, suboblong
or oblong-lanceolate not much narrowed below, denticnilate also
below middle; 1 nfiellse 3 — 5; costa dentate above at back. Cap-
sule small oblong; pedicel not long. Stem about 1 c. m. or
lower. — Wet sandy soil in lower regions. Eur. princ. in
northern distr. Sweden not r.!

69. Oligotricliuni Lamarck et De Candolle.

A. Leaves narrow subvaginant us. brown, faintly crisped
when dry.

a. Leaves with short lamellfe at back.
l.O.hercynicum Ehrh. — Catharinea Ehrh.; Oligotrichum Lam.
et D. C.

Leaves dentate above at borders and at back, gradually nar-
rowed, subulate or acute; lamellfe of upper side 8 — 12 cohe-
ring, those of under side 3 — 5 near base. Capsule suboblong
not or slightly strangulate; j)edicel not long; calyptra often with
many hairs. — Sandy ground princ. in alps. Eur. less r. in
northern distr. Norway! Amer. r. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

2.0.iilteg:rifolium Kindb. revue bryol. 1894.

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, subobtuse entire, smooth
at back. Capsule thicker below, strangulate plicate when dry.
— Alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Leaves with long lamellae at back.

3.0.alifferum Mitten; SuUivant icon. m.

Leaves longer than in the both last, sublinear subulate or
acute, dentate at least above middle of borders; hlmellie of
upper side 5 — 8 near costa, those of under side 3 — 5 near
costa and 4 — 5 near borders. Capsule strangulate narrowly
ovate-oblong or subcylindric; lid rostrate; pedicel thin very
long; calyptra with few hairs in upper part. — Clay banks in
alp. regions r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves broad large not sheathing, green cirrate-crisped
when dry; lamellae long also at back, 3 — 6 near costr. on upper
side, 2 — 3 near costa and sometimes 1 — 2 rudimentary near
borders at back.

If

— 150 —

h'}M>

i^-iS

4.0.parallolniii Mitten. — Atrichiim Mitt.; SuU. ic. in.; Oligo-
trichum Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves sublanccolate (or in male plant oval-obloni^) acute or
short-acuminate, dentate to below midiUe, marked with longi-
tudinal stripes at back; costa scarcely |>ercurrent also in the
nearly similar perichetial leaves. Capsule as in the last but
thicker; lid rostrate; pedicel thick longish; calyptra unknown.
— Wet rocks in alps r. Aiuer. Brit. Col. in higher alp. region:
Macoun. Eur. Norway: E. Nyman,
S.O.leiopli.vHum Kindb. — Atrichum in bull. Torr. club.

Differs from the last: Leaves not striped, upper longer-acu-
minate; perichetial with still longer acumen and excurrent
costa. Capsule longer. Calyptra nearly glabrous. — Damp
earth in alp. regions. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.
Brit. Col. and Vane. isL: J. Macoun.

70. Psiloinlum Bridel.
l.P.lfKVigatuin Wahlenborg. — Polytrichum Wahl. 11. lapp.;
Psilopilun) Limpricht.

Leaves short ovate-oljlong subobtuse crenulate above, not
dentate at back. Capsule large broadly subovate more or less
curved; pedicel not long. — Handy or turfy soil in arctic distr.
Eur. Spetsbergen: A. E. Nordenskioeld; Berggren. Amer. Can.:
Breutel. Alaska: Palmer and J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Berggren.

71. Bartramiopsis Kindb. revue bryol. 1894.
l.B.Lescurii .James. — Atrichum Jam.; Bartramiopsis Kindb.;
Oligotrichum Mitten.

Leaves linear-lanceolate short-acuminate, sharply dentate to the
sheath, not much loosely disposed, more or less incurved when
dry, nearly straight and spreading Avhcn moist; lamelUe 4 — 8.
Stem 2 — 3 centim. long nearly eradiculose, naked and filiform
below. (Described to specimens from Japan). » Capsule erect
short cylindric-ovate constricted below mouth; peaicel short*:
Lesq. et Jam. — Amer. * Alaska*: Lesq. et Jam. (Japan: Bisset,
determ. Mitten).
* B.sitkana Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves longer, long-subulate more loosely disposed, cirrate
when dry. Capsules unknown. Habit of Bartramia crispa. —
Amer. Alaska, Sitka: J. M. Macoun.

72. Catharinella Kindb. rev. bryol. 1894.

A. Leaves short-acuminate sheathing; marginal teeth large
with a single red cell at apex; lamellai 20 — 30. Stem and
pedicel not long.

^Km

— 157 —

l.C.contOrfa Menzies. — Cnthnrinen Mz.; Pogonatnm Sull. ic.
m. in part,

Lenvofl dark greon sublinear acute Rtrongly dentate nearly
all around; cellB of Hheath chlorophyllose eubquadrate; lamellse
about 80, their oellp rotundate greon; costa dentate at back,
not exourrent. CnpHule narrow subcylindric strangulate not
large; peristomial membrane elevate; pedicel contorted. — On
roots of troen (Douglan-lirB) r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Alaska: J, M.
Macoun. Can. Rrit. Col.: J. Macoun. U. S.: Hall, com. Macoun.
2.C.atrovirens Mitten. — Pogonatura Mitt.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, more distinctly shea-
thing, bright or glaucous green, more strongly crisped; cells of
sheath iiyaline; lamellre about 20. — Roadsides r. Amer.
Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. I^eaves long acuminate not sheathing: marginal teeth
large with 2 — 3 red cells; lamellffi about 40. Stem and pedi-
cel very long.

B.C.eryllirodontla Kindb. 1. c. — Pogonatum eontortum Sull.
I. c. in part.

Habit of C, coniorta. — Wet woods r. Amer. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. Can. Brit. Col. and Vane, isl.: J. Macoun.

C. Leaves short-acuminate short-sheathing; marginal teeth
not large, formed by one single cell, finally pale yellow not
red; lamellfc about 20. Capsules unknown. Stem not long.
4.C.Dixoiii Braithwaite. — Catharinea Braithw. brit. mossfl.;
Catharinella Kindb. rev. bryol. 1894.

Leaves dark green not long, linear-lanceolate acute, dentate
above gen. to middle, broadly bordered by wings of lamina
often nearly all around; cells of sheath subquadrate not chlo-
rophyllose; costa short-excurrent dentate at back. — On base
of trees r. Eur. Engl.: Dixon, com. Braithwaite.

73. Poljtrichiiiii L.

A, Calyptra short-acuminate densely hairy.

a. Capsule papillose. Leaves often incurved when dry, r.
aristate.

L Aloidolla. Capsule without angles and apophysis.

b. Capsule smooth. Leaves rigid not incurved, gen. aristate.
n. Pogonatum. Capsule without angles and apophysis,
green when unripe, finally blackish or r. brown. Stem us.
branched. Apical cell of lamellse thick-walled subglobose pa-
pillose.

ill. Eu-Polytrichum. Capsule (ripe) with 4—6 angles and

— 158 —

t ; ^'•H

t '■;?

UP. diptinct npophyniH, Poon becoming brown. Stem ub. pinnple.
Apicnl coll of lamclliv smooth or unipapillate.
K. Talyptra lon^-acniniinate sparingly hairy.
IV. Polylrlchadoipliiis. Capnulc smooth with 2 angles;
aitophyniH none. J.cavcH rigid not incurved. Stem branched.
I. Aloidella C. Mueller syn.

A. Leaves incurved when dry; cells of lamellro smooth thin-
walled; costa not excurrent. Stem us. short simple. Protonema
often persistent.

a. Upper leaves long narrow subulate, broadly sheathing;
wings of lamina very broad; lamelltE about 10.
l.P.peiins.vlvaiiicnin Iledwig; C. M. syn. — Pogonatum brevi-
caule Beauvois; SuUiv. icon. muse.

Lower leaves short short-acuminate, upper distantly dentate
or crenulatc. Capsule subcylindric. Stem very she t. — Clayey
soil by roadsides. Anier. eastern slope. Can.: Macoun; Fowler;
N. Fouudl.: Waghornc. U. S.: SuUivant, com. 0. Mueller;
Austin; Olncy; Cunimings.

b. Loaves broad obtusate not long; lamellse numerous.
2.?.iianiiin Schreber. - P. subrotundum Hudson; Braithwaite.

Leaves sul)obtuse faintly crenulate above; wings of lamina
somewhat broader below. Capsule finally short-] )iriform. Stem
8imi)le not high. — Sandy or clayey soil. Eur not r. in lower
regions. Sweden I
S.P.braclijpliylluiii Richard. — Pogonatum Sulliv. icon. m.

DitTers from the last: Leaves obtuse entire; capsule suboval;
stem shorter. — Roadsides. Amer. U. S.: Austin; Langlois,
com. Cardot.
4.P.aloi(les Hedwig. — Pogonatum Beauvois.

Leaves sharply dentate us. somewhat short, less broad than
in the both last and gen. longer acuminate; wings of lamina
narrow. Capsule oblong-piriforra or subcylindric. Stem often
somewhat high r. branched. — Sandy soil. Eur. not r. Swe-
den, Germany, Switzerl.l

B. Leaves not incurved but gen. appressed when dry, us.
sharply dentate with narrow wings; lamellse numerous, their
apical cell thick-walled papillose or crenulate. Stem r. simple.

a. Leaves sharply dentate. Stem us. branched.
6.P.iirnig:erum L. — Pogonatum Beauvois.

Leaves acute more or less acuminate, gen. not aristate, often
somewhat long; apical cell of lamellse globose. Perichetial
leaves aristate. Capsule subcylindric us, large and not widt-

i'

imm

1

— 150 —

niontlied; ]>erl'rei thin often very long. — Enrth nnd rockf.
also in higher alp. regions. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.; Mn(H>un; Waghorne. AhiHka: J. M. Macoun.

n.P.dcintntiim Monzien; C. M. Hyn. — Pogonatum Hull. ic. ni.
Lea. OH UH in the last hut more sharply dentate, the upper
with short reddish or whitish awn hy the excurrent costa, api-
cal cell of lamella! truncate crenulate. Capsule small narrow
often wide-mouthed; pedicel not long Stem not high, some-
times simple. Kesembles a small alpine variety of the last.
— In alj)H and arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can. Brit. Col. and Labrador: Macoun. U. S.: Austin; Oakes.

b. Leaves faintly denticulate. Stem often simple.
V.P.eapillnre Richard. — Pogonatum Sulliv. ic. m.

Leaves short ohtusnte suhohtuse distantly denticidate; wings
of lamina not prominent; ajjical cell c»f lamellio truncate crenu-
late; costa not excurrent. Ca])sule ohlonf^-cylindric faintly pa-
pillose, not wide-mouthed. Hal)it of Hie last. — Alps and
arctic distr. r. Eur. huwsia: Brotherus. Amer. U. S.: Rudkin,
com. Mrs Britton.

H.P.Walilenberpii Kindh. rev. bryol. 1894. — »P. capillare
var. minus Wahlcnberg (1. lapp.»: fjindb. et Arnell.

Differs from th(> last in I 'avcs subacute nearly entire; wings
of lamina ])romincnt, very ..uich broadci below. Capsule oval
or cylindric. — Northern alp. distr. r. Eur. »Sweden»: Wahlenb.
(Asia, Sibiria: H. W. Arnell).

II. Pogonatum Bridel, in part.

A. Leaves falcate when moist, patent or spreading when
dry; lamelliu about GO. Outer perichetial leaves very much
longer. Pedicel of capsule finally brown.

9.P.Ma('0iiiiii Kindb. bull. Torr. club 1889.

Leaves very long, bordei-ed by the wings of the strongly
dentate lamina, long-subulate; awn long rough reddish. Peri-
chetial leaves rough near apex, the inner shorter more acute.
Capsule oblong-cylindric strangulate, larger than in P. alpinum;
lid large conic-subulate, half as long as capsule. Higher and more
robust than allied species. — Rocks and earth princ. in alp.
region r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. to 1850 metr. a. s.: J. Ma-
coun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

B. Leaves straight or faintly curved when moist, more or
less appressed when dry; lamellae about 30. Perichetial leaves
not longer. Pedicel yellowish.

I '4

4'

En

IGO

'?;«)

a> Leaves c istinotly bi->rdered by the wings of Inmina, acu-
minate, gen. long and not strongly appressed when dry.
lO.P.alpiniliii L. — Pogonatuni Roohling.

Leaves dentate noarly to the sheath, very ])atent wl\?n moi-
stened; avn sl'.ort rough retlthsii also in perichotial U>aves,
which in npper part are furnished witli few lamella}. Capsule
ua. oblong (r. snbc.-linch-ic) and not or slightly oblique; lid gen.
long-rostrate. Stem us. branohod above. — Stony and grassy
places on mountains j)rine. in alps. Fur. eonnnon in alps.
Norway, Swit^erl.! Amer. (Ireenl.: Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Ma-
coun; Palmer. Can.: J. Macoun. U. S.: Roell. — A var. with
subcylindric capsule is found in Can. Northern Labrador by
J. Macoun 1896.
* P.brevifolium II. Brown.

Leaves very short, appressed when dry. Capsule globose. —
Li higher alj). region r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: E. Nyman.
Amer. »Greenl.: Vald»: Lange.

n.r.iilicrodoiilhim Kindb. in Biblioth. botan. 42 (1897). —
Pogonatuni alpinum var. mierodontium Kindb. cat. Canad. nj.

Leaves entire or minutely dentieulate only in upper third or
half of lamina, longer-subulate than in P. alpinum] uppermost
leaves very long, suddeiily hirger and spreading; awn reddish
Bomewhat long, faintly rough. Periehetial leaves with very
long nearly smooth awn; lamelhv somewhat numerous. Capsule
large thick globose or broad-oval, often oblitjue; lid short-api-
culate. Stem gen. sinii)le. — AlpiriC prine. arctic districts r.
Amer. (Treenl.: VimhoelTen. Alaska: J. Rl. Macoun; Palmer.
Can. Brit. Col.- .1. M. Maccmn.
I'i.P.Vailhocffoni Kindb. in Biblioih. botan. 42 (LS97),

Leaves entho or onl^^, near apex (scarcely in upi)er third of
lamina) dentate, not long but long-acuminate, very narrowly
bordered by lamina, neai'ly ap[)ressed when dry, not much
open '.vhen moist; awn slu>it rough red-yellow. Periehetial
leaves much narrower with not few lamelUe. Capsule obovate
oblique; lid scarcely shorter ihan half capsule. Stem us. spa-
ringly uivided above, often to 8 c. m. high; pedicel scarcely
8 c. ni. Tufts brownish. — Amer. r. (Jreenl: E. Vanhoelfen.

l>. Leaves bordered by wings of lamina only near apex,
short acute bi\ gen. obtusate, a]>pressed when dry.
IS.P.septeiiitrionale Swartz; Wahlenberg H. Lippon., not C.
M. syn.; Kindb. revue bryol. 1S94.

Leaves entire or with very few teeth near apex; awn very

,1

.

- IGl —

phort or indistinct, PericV.etial lonves phort-npiculato nearly
without Innicllre. C'at>snle globose or l)rondoval; lid wliort-api-
culato. 8t('in low simple or very slightly branehed. Habit of
F. sexaugulnre. — Higher alp region r. Eur. Norway! Amer.
Can : .1. Maeoun. Alaska: .1. M. Maeoun. (Jreenl.: VanhoelTen.
H.P.polaiT C. Mueller.

DiiTers from the last in more distinct and ilentate awn of
leaves; capsule oval otlei^ obliiiue; stem divided soniewliat high,
— Arctic distr. r. Ai)ier. (5reenl.: Pnnsch, coim. C. Mueller.

111. Km Polytriehum.

A. Capsule green and not tlistinetly angled when unrij^e,
us. 6-nngled when ripe. Leaves channelled or with inflexed
wings, not ap])ressed when dry; awn red-brown or indistinct;
apical cell of lamina not paj)illate. Stem simple.
ir>.l*.S(»X}H'glllaro FU>erke. — P. se[itemtriona!e C. M. syn.

Leaves short oblusate (btuse entln^ or at apex with very
few teeth, not rough at back; wings very narrow or indistinct;
lanu'lljB about oO; awn indistinct or very short and red. ('ap-
sule snboval llnally short-prismatic: pedicel yellowish ov pale
red not long Stem not tomentose us. low. Habit of F. alpi-
num. — On earth in higher alp. region. Enr. Ic-^h r. Norway!
Sweden: ln<<cbetou. Amer. r. Can. Prit. (■ol.: Maeoun. U. S.:
Roel:.
KJ.P.Jfracilc Dickson; Meir/ies.

Leaves long subulat(>-acumi'iate dentate to the sheath, ns.
green; wings Inroad princ. b(>low; lamelhe about 40; awn brownish
not long. Perichetial leaves hyaline- bordered. C'apsule ronntl-
oval finally cubic; aj>ophysis 'Muetimes lesB distinct; lid broad-
conic v/hen yoimg, finally apicnlate or rostellate; jiedicel liMig
yellowish or tinally reddish. Spores about 0,02 m. m. Stem
us. tomentose below, often high. — Turfy soil and rocks also
in alp>^. Fjiir. not r. Sweden, Norway! Amer. not common.
Can.: ^lacoun.

H. Cai)sulc 1 angled prismatic soon becoming brown. Fieaves
acuminate acute with distinct wings.

a. Leaves entire or above with ftnv teeth, chaimelled or
convolute; apical c(>ll of lamelhe unipapillah". Perichetial leaves
hyaline above.
1 7.p.juniiH»rinmii Willdenow.

Ijcaves long long subulate gen. entire, very patent or curved
when moist, ns. not appressed wiien dry; lamelhe about oO;
coBta rough above at back; awn long rough wholly red.

X-t;^^.

• i'i

I fi

t' ' . . i'V t:

— 162

vri

'■^

-^i ^rS>-

■1' -';

Periohetial leaves entire somewhat long-acuminate, lameilate
above; awn rough and red. Capsule rectangular-prismatic; pe-
dicel often very long. Stem not much naked and gen. not
tomentose, sometimes branched. — Heaths and woods common
but less often in alj)s. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl ! Amer.
Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

IS.P.strictum Banks.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter with shorter acumen,
us. apprcssed when dry; lamellfE about 30. Capsule cubic;
pedicel less lon^. Stem tomentose us. simple. — Swamps
princ. in alps not common. Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

19.P.liyperl)oreum R. Brown.

Leaves short short-acuminate entire, straight and not much
pntont when moist, npprossed when dry; lamella; about 80;
costa f-mooth; awn short faintly rough, often (at leaf-t in upv)er
leaves) partly whitish, in some leaves wholly red. Perichetial
leaves entire somewhat long-acuminate; awn whitish above,
nearly smooth. Stem of female plants branched often tomen-
tose. Capsule cubic; pedicel not long. Male plant with shorter
broader leaves, disposed in distant fascicles. Habit of the last.

— Dry and wet places in northern alps. Eur. Norway! Finl.:
Brotherus. Amer. Greenl: Berggren; Vanhoei^en. Can. N. La-
brador: Macoun 1896.

20.F.boroale Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Differs frv m th'; last: Leaves gen. dentate near apex below
the awn, with longer acumen; costa rough at back; awn longer
always whitish above. Perichetial leaves more distinctly den-
ticulate; awn rough nearly wholly whitish. Stem not tomentose.

— Dry places in northern alps r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!
Amer. Greenl : Berggren; Vanhoeffen. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can. Labradoi": Waghorne.

21.P.pilifenim Schreber,

Leaves short entire short-acuminate or subobtusate, appressed
when dry; Inmelhe nbout 80; costa smooth; awn long wholly
whitish nearly smool . Perichetial leaves not hunellate. Cap-
sule short-prismatic • cubic, inclined or suberect. Stem short
simple, naked at h ,st in lower half; the foliated part subcla-
vate. — Dry heaths also in alp. regions common. Eur. Swe-
den, Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves denticulate not convolute, long and long-subulate,

163

« ';l'.*:11

iLoi^t.

us. plane; lamellffi very nnmeronp, their apical cell not papillate;
awn red-brown. Stem and pedicel up. long.
22.P.atteiinatlim Menzies. — P. forniosmn Hedwig.

Leaves plane crowded, dentate to a long Bhoatli, us. green; wings
very narrow; ayncal cell of lamclhe 8nI)oval. Perichctial leaves
green not or faintly hyaline in laiTiina; awn rough. Capsule
us. long rectangular-prismatic hrown; lid short broad-coni<! with
short point; pedicel reddish. Spores about 0,01 m. m. Stem
tomentose near base. — Dry woods often in subalp. districts.
Ejir. not r. Swedenl Amer. r. Can.: .J. Macouii; Waghorne.
(Alaska: J, M. Macoun.

* P.pallidisetum Funck.

Capsule short-prismatic yellowish; lid nearly flat with narrowly
conic beak; pedicel yellowish or pale red. -- Woods r. Eur.
Sweden, Germany! Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
23.P.ohioense Renauld et Cardot. — P. decipiens Limpricht.

Differs from P. atienuaium: U[)per leaves (near the periche-
tial) with shorter sheath; apical cell of lamellEe often transversely
dilated. Capsule shorter, narrowed below; lid with narrowly
conic beak. Stem not tomentose, us. loss long. — Earth and
rocks in woods. Eur. r. Switzerl.i Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. U. S.: Wetherby; Lapham, com. Cardot.
24.P.Hehrillgiauuiii Kindb. rev. bryol. 1894.

Differs from P. attenuatum: Leaves laxly disposed, entire
below middle of lamina, faintly denticulate above, nearly chan-
nelled; cells of sheath shorter and broader. Stem not tomen-
tose. Capsules unknown. — Arctic dii^tr. r. Amer. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun.
25.P.coiniiiune L.

Leaves plane crowded, dentate to the sheath, us. rufescent,
often falcate wl.en moist; apical cell of lamelhe often emargi- .^i^-..-L^-^
nate. Perichetial leaves hyaline, us. serrulate near apex; awn
entire. Capsule long or short; lid short- rostel late with us.
narrow beak. Stem not often tomentose, us. very long. —
Heaths and turf-moors prino. in lower regions, less often in
alps. Eur. common. Swedenl Amer. less common. Can.:
Macoun (ii var. with shorter stem and us blackish calyptra).

* P.peri^oiiialc Mi( haux

Leaves not or faintly rough at back, us. green; perichetial
entire more numcrcuis. Capsule short. Stem and i)cdicel less
l(ing. — Dry places. Eur. princ. in southern distr. Switzerl.i
Amer. Can.: !Macou.n.

>f^

'V H-\

1 1

m

— 1(H —

I :-'.

mm

* P.Swartzii Hartmnn.

» Leaves F,hort about 5 m. in. Cappule small snbcubie with
less distinct apophysis. — Eur. r. Sweden »: Hartman skand.
flora.
26.P.conorhyncliuiii Kindh. cat. Canad. m.

Differs fn)in P. commune: Loaves channelled green, periche-
tial longer arisrtate. Lid of ca|)sule with broadly conic beak.
— Bogs in alp« r. Amer Can. Selkirk mts: Macoun.

IV. Polytricliadelplnis Mitten.
27.P.Lynlin Mitten. — Polytrichadelphus Mitt.; Polytrichum
Kindb. revue bryol. 1894; Oligotrichuni Lindb.; SuU. ic. muse.

Leaves dentate above often to the middle of the prominent
lamina, not appressed; awn short smooth also in perichetial
leaves; lamellae about 30, their apical cell thick-walled suboval
smooth, Perichetial leaves subconvolute densely lamellate at
the short point. Capsule subovoid-cylindric strangulate finally
brown; peristomial membrane elevate; lid long-rostrate; pedicel
yello\vi.«h. Resembling P. olpinum and P. sexangulare. — Swampy
places in higher alp. region. Amer. Pacif. distr. r. U. S.: Roell;
Nowell.

Fam 18. Georglacese.

74. Georiria P]hrhart.

I. Tetraphis. Leaves distinctly costate; upper cells round-
hexagonal. Peri-tomial teeth narrow. Stem elongate.

II. Tctrodontinni. Leaves not distinctly costate; upper
cells suboval. Peri.'itomial teeth broad. Stem nearly indistinct.

I. Tetrai)his Pledwig.

A. Pedicel of capsule smooth. (

l.O.pellliniia L. — Mninm L.; Georgia Rabenhorst.

Leaves subovate or suboblong, obtusate us acute. Periche-
tial leaves with long sublinear us. obtuse acumen; costa not
excurrent. Capsule and pedicel straight. Sterile stems gem-
miferous at the top, their buds cup-sliaped; upper stem leaves
very small. -- Rotten logs, sandstone and turfy soil in woods.
Eur. common. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. U. S.: Roell.
2.G.cuspidata Kindb. revue bryol. 1893.

Leaves subovate short-acuminate acute. Perichetial leaves
cuspidate by the long-excurrent costa. Capsule gen. curved;
pedicel straight. — Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S : Sullivant and
Schruder, com. C. Mueller; JMiss C. Cummings, com. Roell.

■■■I

165

B. Pedicel rough.
3.G.trachypoda Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves subovate or ovnte-obloiig, short-acuminate acute. Pe-
richetial leaves with long siiblinear acute acumen; oosta not
excurrent. Capsule straight; pedicel straight, rough in upper
part. — Anier. Pacif. distr. r. C;>n. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

4.G.geiliculata Girgensohn. - Tetraphis Girg.; Georgia Lindb.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oMong long-acuminate acute.
Perichetial leaves ovate-lanceolate with long subulate acumen;
costa not excurrent. Capsule straight; pedicel geniculate very
rough above the bend. — Rotten wood r. Amer. princ. in Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun; N. Foundl.: Waghorne. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. U. S.: Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.

II. Tetrodoiitiuin Schwa^grichen.
S.G.Brovnil Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Georgia C. M.

Perichetial leaves ovatc-oblong or ovate-lanceolate short-acu-
minate subacute. Capsule suboval stra.ght very small; pedicel
straight smooth. Perigonial leaves subulate-acuminate. Stem
bearing at base shoots and long narrowly cuneate often 2—3-
lobed leaves, resembling branches of a fallow-buck. -- On
shady rocks princ. of sandstone, sometimes covered by other
mosses. Eur. somewhat r. Norway, Sweden! Amer. r. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

Fam 19. FissldentacesB.

75. Fissidens Hedwig.

A. Leaves nerveless hyaline narrowly limbate.

I. Aueiiron. Pedicel of capsule terminal. Plants minute.

B. Leaves costate.

II. Pacliyfissidens. Leaves pluristratose not limbaty, large
and entire.

III. Aloiua. Leaves unistratose not limbate.

a. Peristomial teeth wholly deflexed when dry.

1. Camptodontii. Capsule terminal. Plants smiMl. Dioe-
cious. Leaves in f<.w pairs.

b. Peristomial teeth suberect or intlexed when dry.
aa. Capsule terminal; lid very short conic obtuse.

2. Obtlisifolii. Leaves broad-obtuse entire and small.
Plants small.

bb. Lid of capsule rostrate or rostellate, gen. long.

3. Adiantoidei* Capsule gen. not terminal. Leaves serrate

•«

'

•;,f&

u

m

— 16() —

above and denticulate below, r. nearly entire, us. largo and
papillose at back.

4. Osniundoidei. Capsule terminal or (in F. taxifolius)
basilar. Leaves uniformly crenulate all around, gen. not large.
IV. Eu-Fissidens. Leaves unistratose limbato (in F. exiguus
sometimes not limbate), gen. small and entire or at apex faintly
denticu'ate. Capsule terminal or (in F, floridanus) lateral; lid
gen. rostellate (in F. rufulus very short obtuse).

I. Aneuron Kindb.
LF.h.valinu.s Hooker et Wil(-on; SuUiv. icon. muse.

Leaves entire in few pairs: lower very small, uppermost
suboblong subacute much larger; wings short sinuolate; cells
large round-hexagonal. Capsule oval-obovate or suboblong; lid
as long; teeth deeply cleft; calyptra conic covering only the
beak. —Moist rocky ledges r. Amer. »U. S. Ohio»: Sullivant.

11. Pachyfissidens C. Mueller.
2.F.grandifr()ns Bridel.

Leaves rigid sublinear obtuse very densely crowded; cells
roundish; costa not percurrent. Tufts dense high. Dioecious.
Capsules unknown. — Wet calcareous rocks r. Eur. France!
Spain: Levier. Amer. Can.: Macoun. — »The fruiting F. gran-
difrons from Asia* Barnes and Limpriclit is F. suhgrandifrons
C. Mueller in Bot. Zeit. 18G4.

111. Aloma Kindb.
1. Camptodontii.
B.F.CIosteri Austin; Sulliv. icon muscor.

Leaves entire short-ovate subacute often with wanting lamina,
very minute and pellucid. Capsule narrow subclavate erect or
inclined; lid rostrate. Calyptra mitriform or cucuUate. Plant
minute. — On the ground r. Amer. »U. S.: Austin*: Sullivant.
4.F.paupercuIus Howe.

Leaves uniformly crenulate, suboblong or short-lanceolate
subacute, larger than in the last; cells chlorophyllose pellucid.
Capsule narrow subcylindric often slightly curved, cernuous.
Calyptra cucuUate. Plants small not or very loosely tufted.
— Stony ground r. Amer. U. S. California: M. A. Howe.

2. Obtusifolii.
S.F.ObtusifolillS Wilson; SulL ic. m. — F. Arnoldi Ruthe.

Leaves oval-oblong pellucid; costa not percurrent. Capsule
suboval. — Wet sandstone or calcareous rocks r. Amer. U. S.:
Henry, com. Cardot Eur. »Germany»: Limpricht.

— 1H7 —

3. Adiantoidei.

A. Leaves long sublinear or oblong-lanceolate more or less
pellucid. Cappule large; pedicel long-exserted.
6.F.a(iiant<>i(1e.s L. — Hypnum L.; FiRsidens Hedwig.

CapHulo ovaloblong; lid nearly as long; tcetb deeply cleft;
pedicel lateral. Leaves strongly serrate above, denticulate below,
often byaline at margins, us. large; costa f-ubpercurrent. Stems
us, erect and tufted, forming large mats, gen. radiculose below.
— Rocks and eartli common. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.l Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

*r.cristatus Wilson. — F. decipiens Notaris; Sulliv. icon,
muse.

Leaves more crowded and not much large, nearly entire be-
low. Stems us. ascending or decumbent, densely tufted. —
On rocks, less often on earth, nearly common. Eur. Sweden,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.; Macoun. U. S.; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
* F.siibtaxifolius Kindb. in bull. soc. hot. ital. 1890.

Leaves minutely serrate above, nearly entire below; costa
percurrent or sul)excurrent. Stems (as in F. taxifolius) short
decumbent without rhizoidn above base, not forming cohering
mats. Capsules not found. — On clayey earth. Ear. Switzerl.
near Lugano!
T.F.serrulatus Bridel.

Capsule subcylindric; lid shorter; teeth deeply cleft; pedicel
terminal on the steni or on short lateral branches. Leaves as
in F. adiantoides but more densely crowded, always large. Tufts
loose not radiculose. R. fruiting. — Earth and rocks r. Eur.
Italy: Bottini. Portugal: Levier.
S.F.poIyphylhis Wilson.

Differs from the last: Peristomial teeth cleft only to middle.
Leaves entire or near apex faintly denticulate or serrate. Stem
us. much longer. Very r. fruiting. — Wet shady rocks r.
Eur. France: Camus, com. Husnot. Engl.: Manchester Cryptog.
Society.
O.F.polypodioides Hedwig: Sulliv. ic. muse.

Capsule piriform-clavate with very wide mouth, not strangu-
late; lid shorter; teeth deeply cleft; pedicel as in F. serrulatus.
Leaves entire large densely crowded; costa subpercurrent. Stem
often long and simple, radiculose only at base. Differs from
the 3 preceeding species in annulus of capsule revoluble. R.
fruiting. — Wet rocks r. Amer. »U. S. southern states*: Sulliv.
(Venezuela: Fendler, com. C. Mueller).

1- 1'

■ \ !

. U"

i ' I

u'J

■■( r

V

'A

UH

m

— los —

B. Loaves Hhort Huboblong nearly opake below, pellucid at
apex. Capsule small; pedicel scareely exserted above upper
stem-leaves.
lO.F.snbbaslIaris Hedwig; Sullivant ic. muse.

Ca})sule oblong-cyliiidiic; lid much shorter; teeth not long
and not deeply cleft with subuhite not liliform-pointed legn;
pedicel emerging from lower part of stem. Leaves small, den-
ticulate below, stronger serrate near apex, snbobtuse, not hya-
line at margins; costa subpercurrent. Tufts low; stems fasci-
culate --- On trees r. Amer. ('an.: Dearness, com. Macoun;
Drummond, com. Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

4. Osmundoidei.

A. Leaves gen. large; costa excurrent. Stems not tufted.
Pedicel of capsule basilar.

ll.F.taxifoliiis L. — Hypnum L.; Fissidens Hedwig.

Leaves suboblong hyaline-crenulate often a(nite, n(»t densely
crowded. Capsule suboblong; lid nearly as long. Stems fasci-
culate; branches simple not long us. decumbent. — On earth.
Eur. not r. Switzerl.I Sweden: S. Hardin; M. Huss. Engl.:
Rogers. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. L lives not large: costa not excurrent. Pedicel terminal.

a. Tufts tomentose often high. Calyptra mitriform lobate.
12.F.osmuild()i«los Swartz. — Dicranum Sw.; Fissidens Hedwig.

Leaves suboblong subobtuse often apiculate, not opake, in
many pairs; cosla subpercurrent. Capsule oblong-oval. — Wet
rocks and heaths also in alps. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway!
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Stems low not tomentose, not or very loosely tufted.
Calyptra cucullate.

13.r.exilis Hedwig.

Leaves very pellucid suboblong subacute in few pairs: upper
sometimes sublinear-lanceolate; costa percurrent. Capsule thick
oval-oblong. Monoecious. Plants very small. — On earth.
Eur. not r. Sweden: C. Hartman; Arven. France: Husnot.
*F.HaHii Austin.

»Plants somewhat larger; dioecious. — Amer. r. U. S. Texas:
E. Hall»: Lesq. et Jam.
14.F.llaveiielii Sullivant icon, muscor.

Leaves small o))ake sublinear or broad-lanceolate subacute in
2 — 10 pairs; costa subpercurrent. Perichetial leaves with broadly
limbate wings. Capsule suboblong gen. erect; lid rostellate much shor-
ter. Dioecious. — Damp earth r. Amer. U. S.: Langlois, com. Cardot.

■•

!t?

I

1«!( —

W

2 .i WfI

15.F,(j}arberi Lesq. et Jam. man.

Differs from the last: Leaves Bomewlmt larger eliorter more
obtuse, sometimes siiort-acuminate; costa shorter. Periclietial
leaves with narrowly limbate wings. Capsule oval. sSometimes
BynoeciouB»: Schimper. — Trees and earth r. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.
IG.F.Donnellii Austin. — F. pauperculus Howe V

• Leaves small: lower broad, upper longer and narrower linear-
lanceolate in 3 — 4 pairs; basal lamina incomplete; cells much
larger than in F. Ravenelii] costa .ot porcurrent. Perichetial
leaves with not limbate wings. Capsules unknown; pedicel very
short. Dioecious*: Lesq. et Jam. man. and Barnes hot. gaz.
1887. — Base of trees r. Amer. »U. S., south. 8t.»: Lesq. et
Jam. ,., , , , .. . ^

IV. Eu-Fisfiidens.

A. Inner leaf-cells opake.

a. Lid of capsule very short obtuse. , , ,..-
IT.F.rilfulus Bryol. eur. — F. ventricosus Sulliv. icon. m.

Leaves broad somewhat large, oblong or oblong-lanceolate
subobtuse crowded, broadly yellowish or reddish limbate; costa
percurrent. Capsule obovate dark green; teeth deeply cleft;
pedicel short. Stem 1 — 4 c. m. long. Very r. fruiting. —
Stones in streams r. Eur. Engl.: Rogers. Austria: Sauter, com.
Husnot. Amer. » Calif. »: Sulliv. ., , . ,,

b. Lid rostrate. !
IS.F.liiubatus Sullivant.

Leaves small oblong-lanceolate apiculate or short-acuminate,
pale-limbate entire; cells seriate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule
asymmetric suboval gr^en; lid half as long; teeth deeply cleft;
pedicel terminal. Stem 2 — 5 m. m. long. — Amer. Pacif.
distr. r. U. S.: Roell; Howe.
19.F.floridanus Lesq. et Jam.

»Leaves long cultriform crenulate at apex; costa not percur-
rent. Capsule oblong-oval; lid long-rostrate; pedicel lateral.
Stem 1 — 3 c. m. long — Amer. r. U. S. south, states: Garbcr»:
Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves more or less pellucid, not large. Lid shorter
than half capsule. Plants small.

a. Leaves with thick broad limb. Stem us. somewhat long.
20.F.rivularis (Spruce as var.) Bryol. eur.

Leaves broadly cultriform acute or abruptly short-acuminate
entire with pale limb; costa percurrent. Capsule straight cer-

12

'I ■

170 —

'

i-itM

f :•» .

^■' -'M

b '•'

nuous. Stem to 8 c. m. long; male Howers axillary. — In
w&ler r. Eur. France: Husnot. Amer. »U. S.: Leeq. et Jam.
21.F.crassii)e8 Wilson,

Leaves as in the last but with yellovviph limb, sometimeB
crenulate near apex; costa not porcurrent. Capsule us. straight
erect. Stem to 4 c. m. long. Dioecious or monoecious with
not axillary male flowers. — In water r. Eur. Switzerl.l France:
Berthoumieu; Camus.

* F.Mildei Schimper. — Polygamous. — Eur. r. Switzerl.:
Culmann, com. Husnot.

b. Leaves gon. with thin narrow limb, not gradually acu-
minate; costa gen. not excurrent. Stem us. very short.
22.F.bryoides L. — Hypnum L.; Fissidens Hedwig.

Leaves broadly cultriforni acute us. long. Capsule straight
gen. erect. Stem with axillary male flowers. — Earth and
stones not r. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Engl.:
Rogers. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond.

* F.cyprius Juratzka.

»Polygamous. — Eur. r. Italy »: Limpricht.

* F.viridulus Swartz. — Dicranum Sw.; Fissidens Wahlenberg.
Fruiting stem without male flowers. — Eur. not r. Engl.:
Rogers. Sweden: P. Olsson. Amer. Can. common: Macoun.
23.F.iiiCiirvils Starke.

Leaves us. as in the last. Capsule us. cernuous often curved.
Stem without axillary male flowers. — Earth and stones not
r. Eur. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Langlois,
com. Cardot.

* F.tamariiHlifoHiis Don. — Hypnum Don; Fissidens BrideL

Leaves short subovate-oblong. Capsule nearly straight. —
On earth r. Eur. Italy! Sweden: M. Huss. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
*F.pu8illus Wilson.

Leaves smaller somewhat long. Capsule straight erect. —
Rocks not r. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! France: Husnot.
Engl.: Rogers. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* F.minutulus Sullivant icon. muse.

Leaves small narrow suboblong or oblong-lanceolate very
narrowly limbate; basal lamina often incomplete. Capsule
straight erect or incli ed. Not much distinct from F. incurvus
*pusillus. — Moist rocks. Amer. Can.: Macoun. Eur. »Engl.»:
Braithwaite.

* F.Bambergeri Schimper; Husnot muscol. gall.

Leaves somewhat small and not long, often incompletely

m

- 171

linibate. — Sandy Boil r, Eur. »AuBtria»: Irichiiijp. ayii. Amer.
»U. S »: Cardot.

* F.texaiiUN leHquereux.

»LeaveH broader; costa sometimes Hbort-excurrent. Cap=?ulG
Bhort-rostiale. — Amer. v. U. tS. Texan: W'riglit*: Lesq. ot Jam.
24.F.aljU;arvicus Holms Laubacb; Husnot m. gall.

Differs from F. incurvus *pimUi(S in narrower leaves, the
upper sublinear more acuminate and broadly linibate; cells
sometimes suboval. — Clayey soil r. Eur. France: Corbi^re,
com. Husnot.

25.F.exi?J:uus Sullivant ic. muse. ~ F. faleatulus Renauld et
Cardot.

Differs from other species of subg. Eu-Fissidens in leaves gen.
not limbate at least on lamina. Up|)er leaves oblong-lanceolate
subacute. Capsule suboval-oblong erect. Plant very small.
Dioecious. — Earth and stones r. Eur. »Engl. »: Braithwaite.
Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Suiiivant, com. C. Mueller.

* F.subiinmarginatus Pbilibcrt; Ilusnot muFcol. gall.

Leaves with broadly limbate wings. — Eur. » France*: Phi-
libert. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

C. Leaves gradually acuminate; costa excurrent.
'iG.F.Sardagii.'P Venturi revue bryol. 1883.

»Leaves in 3 — 4 pairs: upper narrowly linear-lanceolate lim-
bate by 2 — 8 rows of linear cells, rijiid when dry; basal lamina
incomplete; cells irregular hexagonal larger than in F. incurvus
*pusillus. Capsule erect suboval, when dry cylindric; lid un-
known. Plant minute. — Eur. Sardinia*: Venturi.

76. Conoiirltrium Montague.
l.C.Jlllianuni Savi. — Fontinalis Savi; Conomitrium Mont.

Leaves large long sublinear obtuse entire not limbate, in
many pairs; wings short; cells round-hexagonal; costa abbreviate.
Capsule small green piriform wide-mouthed; lid longer; teeth
approached very short sometinjes cleft nearly to middle; pedicel
terminal on a small lateral branch, not nuich longer than cap-
sule; calyptra mitriform. Tufts green very loose. Stem often
long. Monoecious but r. fruiting. — In water viz. in fountains.
Eur. somewhat r. Switzerl.! Sweden: Arnell. Germany: Baur.
Italy: Arcangeli. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant, com.
C. Mueller.
2.G.Hallii Sullivant et Lesquereux; SuU. icon. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves much narrower, setaceous gra-
dually narrowed, in 5 — 10 pairs; wings shorter; outer basal

''*'ii

14;

* i.

T

— 172 —

cells narrower. Hhort-rectangulnr in many rows. CapHule ovl-
oblong on elongate branclien, with a not longer lid; peiliool
3—4 times longer; teeth more diKtant, long Hubuliito not cleft;
calyptra short cucuUate. Tufts bluckiKh green when dry. Stem
about 3 centim. long. — Submerged istones and logs r. Amer.
U. S.: Leiborg, com. Mrs Britton. ... .ir;f ^. J;: ,

Fam. 20. SplachnacesB.

77. Splacliuum 1..

I. Uinbracularla. Ai)oi»hyBi8 open umbraculiform very large.
Leaves from round-oval base abruptly long-aeuminate.

II. Alllpllllaria. Apophysis in dated not open, very much
broader than capsule; pedicel redcMsb.

III. Psexirto-Kaplodoil. Neck solid, not much broader or
sometimes a little narrower than capsule; pedicel yellowish,

I. Umbracularia C. Mueller. n Ir., , i

i I J l.S.rubriiiii Montin. i

/fH/wAtpvol (japsule brown; apophysis camf)anulate purplish rod; pedicel
red. Leaves us. denticulate all aroun<l. — On dung in jieat-
bogs in northern districts r. Eur. fcswedeu! Amer. Cuu.: Hay,
com. Macoun, ■ ;- r > i

2.S.lnteum Montin. <■ -Hi-rj-^t

Capsule pale brown; apophysis yellow campanulate finally
plane; pedicel orange. Leaves often nearly entire. — North,
distr. r. Eur. HwedenI Amer. Alaska: Dawson, com. Mucouu.
»Can.: Drummond*: Macoun. < ' "t. nn*

3.S.melauoeaiilon (Wablenberg as. var.) Schwa?grichen. ■-,{.»

Capsule and pedicel brownish; apophysis pale yellow soon
becoming plane. — Very r. Eur. »Lapland»: Wahlenb. Amer.
»Can,: Rocky mts»: Macoun and Mitten.

II. AmpuUaria C. Mueller. ;;!i,vU{ v.; '

4.8.ampunaceum L. uUi

Capsule with piriform reddish yellow finally lilac apophysis;
pedicel often very long. Leaves more or less narrow often
subulate-acuminate; the upper serrate shorter. Sometimes mon-
oecious. — In humid pasturages less r. Eur. Sweden not r.I
France: Du Noday. Amer. Cavi.'. Macoun; Waghorne. U. 8.:
Henderson, com, Cardot. , ...,/,: .%An'r- ji,"^u-.3.« « •
S.S.vasculosum L.

Capsule with globose purplish finally blackish red apophysis;
pedicel not much long. Leaves broad gen. suboval with broad
short obtuse acumen, r. denticulate; the lower broader. —

— 173

Peat-bogH in northern nlpfl r. Eur Sweden, Norwayl Scotl.:
RogerB. Finl.: Lindborg. Amer. »Can.: Drummond»: C. M. »Sitka»:
LeBq. et Jam. »Grecnl.»: Berggren.

Til. pHeudo-FTapIodon Kindb.
B.S.Npliniriciini \u fil. — »S. pcdundulatum Hudson*: Lindb.

Cnpsule with rodchnh yellow fiiinlly blnckif-h (globose, ovoid
or piriform) nook; pedicel often very long, pometimcB very short.
Leaves Biibulnte acuminate gen. oblong sometimes denticulate;
the lower very much smaller. — Princ. in northern alps. Eur.
Norway not r.! Auntria: Venturi. Amer. Can.: Drnmmond;
Macoun.

78. Haplodon (R. Brown, Lindb. ns s'lbg.) Kindb. n. genuB.
l.H.Worniskioldil Hornemann. - Spluohnum Horn.

TiOavoB entire from subovate base al)ruptly acuminate. Cap-
sule small reddish finally blackish, shorter than the small
suboval neck and scarcely narrower or sometimes broader when
dry; pedicel pale yellow setaceous 1 — H o. m. long. Tufts
high dense. — Northern j)rin('. arcitic districts (us. on dead
lemmings) r. Eur. Norway! Spetsbergen: Berggren. Amer. Can.:
Waghorne. Alaska: J. M, Macoun, Greenl.: Breutel; Berggren.
79. Totraplodon Bruch et Schimper.

A. Leaves long narrow gradually subulate-acuminate us.
dentate or denticulate. Pedicel thin not much emerging above
the tufts.

1 .T.angustatuH L. HI. — Splachnum L. fil.; Tetraplodon B. 8.

Capsule greenish finally pale brown or yellow, much shorter
than neck; pedicel pale setaceous. Leaves gen. denticulate
above; costa long-excurrent. Tufts dense often high. — Dung
and rotten animals princ. in alps, r. Eur. Norwayl Sweden:
M. Huss. Aiistria: Ilusnot M. G. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Wag-
horne.
2.T.ailstralis SuUivant et Lesquereux; SuU. ic. m.

Ca{)sule finally brown scarcely shorter, in dry state broader,
than neck; pedicel brownish capillary. Leaves very narrow
sometimes fimbriate, r. nearly entire; costa gen. percurrent, in
uppermost leaves often excurrent. Tufts low less dense. —
Amer. v. U. S.: Austin, com. Mrs Britton. »Can.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves broad entire abruptly narrowed. Pedicel subfili-
form somewhat thick and exserted above the very compact tufts.
S.T.lllllioides L. fil. — Splachnum L. fil.; Tetraplodon B. S.

Capsule green-yellow or pale red finally red; neck red-rufous
much longer; pedicel reddisli often long. Leaves suboblong;

'^*^„

R;i;

r,
■i

i'

1 • 4

^ ^1

■t..

174

um

coptn PTicnrrent. — Dung and rotten animals princ. lemmingp.
Eur. Norway not r.l Sweden: M. Huss. Amer. Greenl.: Berg-
gren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: Maconn; Waghorne.
4.T.lJre?olatus Bridel. — Splachnnm Brid.; Tetraplodon B. S.
Capsule brownish not shorter than the blackish neck; pedicel
yellow about I c. m. long. Leaves suboval apiculate; costa
not distinctly confluent with the point. — Alp. region r. Eur.
Austria: Schimper; Breidler. Switzerl.: Muehlenbeck, com. Hus-
not. Amer. Can.: Drunnnond, com. Macoun.

80. Dissodon Greville et Arnott.

A. Lea\e8 distant. Capsule with properistome; pedicel se-
taceous very long. Spores about 0,03 m. m.
l.D.splacliiiioicles Thunberg. — Weisia Th.; Dissodon Gr. et Arn.

Leaves sublingulate r. denticulate above. Capsule brown
roundisn tinally dilated at mouth, gen. shorter than neck. Tufts
Boinetimes high. — Bogs in alps, r. in lower regions, r. Eur.
Norway! Sweden: Thcdenius. Scotl.: Manchester Cryptog. Soc.
Attiet Call.: Macoun.

IJ. Leaves crowded entire. Capsule without ])roperistome;
pedicel thickish not long. Spores about 0,04 m. m.
2.D.Froelicliii Iledwig. — Splachnum H.; Dissodon G. et A.
t Leaves suboblong. Capsule reddish oval not shorter than
neck; pedicel about 1,5 c. m. long. — Earth and rocks in alp.
regions r. Eur. Norway! Switzerl.: Schimper; H. Forssell. Amer.

Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Macoun.

S.D.Horiisehucliii Greville et Arnott.

Leaves suboval. Capsule pale brown suboblong shorter than
neck; pedicel about 0,5 c. m. long. Stem very short. — Earth
on alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria: Breidler, com. Warnstorf. Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

81. Tayloria Hooker.

A» Leaves with excurrent costa. Peristomial teeth not "left.
l.T.Rlldolphi Hornscluich. — Eremodon Hsch.; Tayloria Br. eur.

Leaves sublingulate short-acuminate. Capsule yellowish oblong
longer than the narrow neck; teeth pale yellow loosely appres-
sed to capsule or erect when dry; lid conic; pedicel thick yello-
wish. Tufts high. — On trees r. Eur. Austria: Schimper; Renter.

B, Costa of leaves not excurrent.

a. Peristomial teeth entire appressed to capsule when dry.
2.T.serrata Hedwig. — Sj^lachnum H.; Tayloria B. S.

Leaves obovate or suboblong short-acuminate acute. Capsule
puboblong yellowish brown not much thicker than neck when

.11? ^ «

175 —

•t

3l

;a

r.

1.
n

V.

b;

L
n
1.
r.

dry; teeth yellowish brown loosely appressed when dry; lid
convex; pedicel somewhat thick. — In bogs or on base of trees.
Eur. not r. in southern alps. Switzerl.! Austria: Schimper. Amer.
Can.: J. Macoun; Moser. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

B.T.tenilis Dickson. — Splachnum Dicks.; Tayloria Schimper.

Differs from the last: Capsule shorter, brownish, suboval or
finally subglobose and much thicker than neck when dry; teeth
blackish brown strongly appressed when dry; pedicel thinner.
— Turfy soil princ. in northern distr., r. Eur. Norway! Swe-
den!; E. Adlerz; A. Grape. Switzerl.: Schimper. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Wagliorne.

b. Peristomial teeth soon partite, defiexed or patent, very
hygroscopic.

4.TcSp1ac1inoides Schleicher. — Kookeria Schl.; Tayloria Hooker.
Loaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate us. short-acuminate. Cap-
sule us. oblong-cylindric; neck much narrower but. us. not
longer; columella often long-exsortcd; teeth dark red; lid us.
conic often rostellate; pedicel thin. — Peat-bogs or wet earth
on rocks in alps r. — Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Allen, com.
Macoun.

* T.aciiniinata (Huebener as var.) Hornschuch.

Leaves long-acuminate. Ca{)B"le suboval often shorter than
neck; columella not ext-icrted; lid sometimes convex. — Bogs
in alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Druraraond n.
47; Waghorne in herb. C. M.

82. Oedipodilim Sehwa^grichen.
l.Oe.Grifftthii Dickson. — Bryum Dicks,; Oedipodium Schw.
Leaves obovate not recurved, often with sinuous borders.
Capsule subglobose orange-brown; lid subconvex; columella not
exsertcd; neck 1 — 2 c. m. long. Stem often with obovate
axillary buds — CreviocK of rocks and wet peaty soil in alps
r. Eur. Scotl.: H. Boswell; T. Rogers. Sweden and Norway:
E. Nyman. Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren.

Fam. 21. DicranaceaB.

83. Oeioblepharuiu Iledwig.

l.O.albidiiiii Hedwig.

Leaves patent from short broad base abruptly narrowed to
the slightl,y channelled linear short-acuminate near apex serrate
acumen; outer basal cells rhomboidal hyaline, the others some-
what dusky Bubtjuadrate. Capsule small oval long- rostrate.

.: j

1

— 176 —

Tufts iiB, not high. Monoecious. — On trees in tropical di-
stricts. Amer. U. S., Florida: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld. ' ■
84. Leucobr.Tum Hampe.

A. Leaves thick entire; marginal cells gen. short-rectangular,
the lowest longer.

l.L.glaucum L. — Bryum L.; Leucobryum Schimper. . m

Leaves from oval-oblong concave or channelled base gradually
tapering to a longer sublinear channelled or subcon volute acu-
men, not appressed when dry, patent when moipt. Capsule
oblong-cylindric often arcuate, more or less distinctly strumose,
sulcate when dry. Plants glaucous green or whitish. Dioecious
r. fruiting. — Wet heaths and woods common. Eur. Sweden,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Wetherby.
2.L.niinus SuUivant; Bescherelle.

Differs from the last: Upper leaves verj' much smaller and
shorter with broad-oval base and not longer acumen, appressed
when dry with patent points, saberect when moist. Capsule
small Buboval. Plants whitish. — Princ. on rotten wet logs
r. Amer. U. S.: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld; Langlois and SaW3'er,
com. Cardot. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite.

B. Leaves thin sinuolate; marginal cells long-rectangular.
S.L.Leammi SuUivant. — Campylopus Sull. ic. m.; Leucobryum
Kindb.

Leaves from narrowly oblong base tapering to a subulate
near apex sinuolate, channelled or convolute acumen, erect-
patent. Stem often with head-like shoots; their leaves small
oval-oblong or linear. Tufts low glaucous or whitish. Cap-
sules unknown. — Decayed logs r. Amer. U. S.: Purpus, com.
Cardot.

85. Bistichiuni Bruch et Schimper.
LD.Cfipillaccnin Swartz- — Mnium Sw.; Distichium B. S.

Nearly ail leaves long-pointed; perichcnal also abruptly nar-
rowed. Capsule reddish subcylindric or oblong gen. erect; teeth
pale red. Tufts glossy. — Piocks princ. of limestone. Eur.
nearly common. Sweden, Norway, Switzed.l Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Waghorne.
2.D.iiiclii)atum Ehrhart. — Swartzia E.; Distichium B. S.

Lower leaves with shorter point; perichetial more gradually
acuminate. Capsule suboval finally red-brown, more or less
inclined; teeth red. Tufts less or not gh.isy. — Rocks princ.
in alp. and northern districts. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl. 1
France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. i ^^v

1

I m

i

— 177

86. Aongstroemia Bnich et Schimper.

l.Ao.longipes Sommerfelt. — Weisin Somf ; Aongstroemia

B. S. , ■ -
Leaves ovate-oMong entire not recurved, very pmall, appres-

pcd when dry: upper acuminnto sheathing; co-stanot percurrent.
Capsule ovoid smooth erect; lid rostcUate; teeth red below,
yellow above, sometimes not cleft; pedicel about 1 c. m.,ptem
shorter. Tufts loose. Mnle flowers discoid. Dioecious. —
Earth princ. on old roads in alps r. Eur. Norway! Sweden

below alps: J. Persson. Amer. Can.: Mr.coun.

.. , , , . I . .• I'

87. Trematorton Michaux.

I. Eu-Treniatorton. Cnpsule subcylindric; neck ic^g abruptly
narrowed; teeth long with prominent basal tube; pedicel long.

II. Pseudo-Bruehia. Capsule roui d-oval when ripe; neck
short gradually narrowed; teetii short broad without prominent
tube; pedicel short

I. Eu-Trematodon.

A. Capsule not niucn shorter than neck. Leaves entire;
costa long-excurrent.

l.T.anibiguus Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Treraatodon Horn-
Bchuch.

Leaves from ovate or ovate-oblong not trunc^ate base abruptly
narrowed to a subulate in upper part by costa filled acumen.
Perichetial leaves gradually acuminate; costa more or less ex-
current often denticulate at apex. Peristomial teeth red us.
cleft. — Wet sand or peat-bogs princ. in northern distr. Eiir.
Sweden not r.!; Miss O. Cron. Norway: W. Baur. Germany:
Huebner. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

2.T.acicillaris Kindb. revue bryol. 189ti.

Leaves b"oadly suboval truncate above, pointed by cof:va;
perichetial nearly similar but larger and longer. Peristomial
teetii orar.ge K])lit in middle; basal tube red. — Bogs r. Amer.
Can. Brit. Col.: iMacoun.

B. Cai)sule with twice longer neck. Leaves often denticu-
late; costa not or scarcely excurrent.

^.T.Ioiigifollis Michaux.

Leaves narrow gradually subulate; perichetial nearly similar.
Peristomial teeth pale rod often entire. — Moist clay or sandy
soil. Eur. r. Italy: (i^Midano, com. Husnot (a var. with entire
leaves). Amer. not r. in southern distr. U. S.: Sullivant, com,

C. Mueller, ■ • ' :' ' -

rRJ?'-

n

I:^H^

~ 17S —

II. Pseudo-Brnchia Kindb.
4.T.l)reY!coll!s Hoinechnch.

Leaves concave subovate short acuminate very Bmall, nearly
appressed when dry; costa not or Bcarcely excurrent. Periohe-
tial leavefi ovate-oblong more distinctly acuminate. Peristoraial
teeth red entire or faintly perforate. Stem very short. Tufts
small dark green. — Earth and rocks in alp. regions r. Eur.
Norwav! Amer. »Greenl. »: Berggren.

88. Ditrielinm Timm.

A. Leaves sheathing; costa rough at back.

I. Trichodon. Dioecious.

B. Leaves not sheathing; costa smooth. Perichetial leaves
not (exc. D. vaginans and I), homomallum) sheathing.

II. SaBlania. Leaves carinatc often covered with a glaucous
meal. Monoecious.

in. Leptotrichiini. Leaves not carinate. Often dioecious.

1. Xailthopodia. Pedicel fif capsule yellow. Leaves long-
subulate; costa long-excurrcnt. Monoecious or paroccious.

2. Erythropodia. Pedicel finally red,. Leaves often short-
subulate. Dioecious.

I. Trichodon Schimper.
t.D.tenuifolilim Schrader. — Trichostomum Schrad.; Ditri-
chum Lindberg; Trichodon cylindricus Schimper.

Leaves abruptly narrowed to a long subulate-setaceous den-
ticulate by the long-exeurrent costa nearly 'filled point, curled
or piitent when dry; cells narrow-rectangular. Capsule smooth
narrow-cylindric curved when young; teeth red papillose arti-
culate; pedicel long yellowish or pale red. Tufts low not to-
mentorse. — Wet sand princ. in alps. Eur. Norway, Sweden,
Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.D.oblonglim Lindber;. — Trichodon Lindb. in K. W. A. Foer-
handl. (Roy. Acad, in Stockholm) 1864; Ditrichum Kindb.

Leaves abruptly narrowed to the entire or indistinctly den-
ticulate not long acumen, which in upper part is tilled by the
ehort-excurrent costa, not or faintly flexuous; cells short- rect-
angular at least the u|)per; pedicel red short; »peristomial teeth
pale brown hynline smooth indistinctly articulate*: Lindb. 1. c.
Tufts dense but not tomentose, about 3 c. m. high when barren,
lower when fertile. — On earth in arctic districts r. Amer.
Greenl.: Berggriin. Eur. SpetslxM-gen; R. (iyllencreutz. — The
barren specimens are resembling Ceratodon purpureus, hut leaxeB
not are revolutc; in fertile ones from Spetsbergen few capsules
are e volute (but uuripe), their lids very short obtuBe.

— 179 —

■^

i Mi

■ . 'f't

!f> {•

II. Srelania LinHborg. .' -•• * •• • "
S.D.glancescens Hedwig. — Trichostomum Hedw.; Ditrichum
Hampe; Leptotrichuni Hampe; Schimper; S&lania csesia Lindb.;
Ditrichum montaiuim Leiberg bull. Torr. club 1893.

Leaves subliiiear or narrowly ovate- lanceolate acute serrulate
above, patent -when dry; celln gen. short-rcctangnlar or quadrate;
costa percurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindrie straight suk.-ate when
dry; teeth purple, remotely nodose above; pedicel yellowish red.
Tufts not high. — Earth on rocks princ. in alps not r. Eur.
Sweden, Norway, S^Witzerl.! Austria: Venturi. Amer. Can.: J.
Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
III. Leptotrichuni Hampe; Schimper.
1. Xanthopodia.

At Leaves gradually narrowed from ovate or lanceolate base,
denticulate above.
^.B.pallidlim Schreber. — Bryum Schreb.; Ditrichum Hampe.

Leaves often denticulate to middle; upper cells long linear;
upper basal cells suboblong; costa broad not well-defined. Cap-
sule suboblong; annulus revoluble; lid rostellate; pedicel often
vtry long. Tufts low and glossy. — Rooks and stone-walls
gen. r. Eur. princ. in southern districts. Switzerl.! Germany:
Herpell. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sawyer,
com. Cardot.

5.D.Scliimperi Lesquereux. — Leptotrichuni Lesq.; SuUiv. icon,
muscor.; Ditrichunj Kindb,

Differs from the last: Leaves longer and nearly entire; costa
narrower. Capsule smaller and less sulcate; pedicel less long;
teeth indistinctly articulate; peristomial tube orange more distinct;
spores much larger. — Wet earth and rocks r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Bolcender, com. Renauld;
Howell, com. Cardot.

* B.flexifolilim Renauld et Cardot. — Trichodon Ren. et C;
Ditrichum Kindb.

Leaves less long and more flexuous; upper cells shorter. Tufts
green. Capsules unknown. — Sandy soil r. Amer. U. S.: Sa-
wyer, com. Cardot.

» Ditrichum Breidleri Limpricht (plant hybrid ?) — Agrees
with D. pallidum in shape of leaves and in yellow pedicel.
Differs from it: Plants scarcely 4 m. m. high, stem 1 m. m.
Capsule oval not striate; lid obtuse sub})ersistent; teeth short
small brittle; annulus not distinct; pedicel thick not much ex-
serted above upper leaves. — On wet earth. Eur. Austria, iu

.i.i::',i'

:\''V'.

\y ;

ff

ISO —

■■''I'm

few specimens together with DiMchnm pallidum and Pleuridium
pahstre: Breidler*: Limpricht Lnubm. Deutfchl. ^>-*'\iM

B. Leaves entire nbmptly narrowed from ovate base.
G.D.silblilatlim Bruch. — Leptotrichum Brnch; Ditrichnm Ijindb.

Leaves otherwise as in D. pallidum. Capsule smaller, suboval
faintly snlcate; annnlus none; pedicel not long. — Clayey places
on rocks r. Eu-. southern districtH. France: Philibert. Italy:
Bottini; Arcangeli.

2. Erythropodia.

A. Tufts very tomentose, us. high and glossy. Leaves
gen. large; alar cells sometimes distinct subquadrate; costa long-
excurrent.

7. D.flexicaulc Schleicher. — Didymodon Schl.; Ditrichnm Hampe.

Leaves long-subulate often denticulate, not oppressed; cells
irregular gen. narrow: basal shorter often reddish; costa often
Itroad. Capsule brown. R. fruiting. — Rocks and stony ground,
common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Swit/.erl.l Austria, fruit.: Ven-
turi. Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.
*D.(loiisnin (Schimper as var.) Kindb.

Leaves shorter and less patent; cells gen. short, upper suboval.
Tufts more dense and less glossy. — Eur. princ. in northern
districts. Sweden common, often fruiting!; M. Huss. Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

B. Tufts not or sparingly radiculose, us. low and not glossy.
Leaves gen. not large; alar cells not distinct.

a. Leaf-cells gen. narrow, rectangular. ■- s . -.f ^>'

aa. Perichetial leaves sheathing. Peristome without basal
tube.

S.D.yaffinaiis SuUivant. — Trichostomum Sull. ic. m.; Ditri-
chnm Hani])e.

Leaves from ovate base gradually short-subulate or acute,
entire or nearly so, appressed when dry, erect when moist;
cells narrow; costa percurrent or short-excurrent Tufts eradi-
culose not glossy, 1 or r. 2 c. m. high. — Earth and wet
rocks r. Eur. Norway: Geheeb, com. C. Mueller. Belgium:
Gravet. France: Lamy, com. PLisnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
9.D.1i()iii<)iiialhmi Hedwig. — Didymodon Hedw.; Ditrichnm
Hampe.

Leaves (at least on fiuiting stem) long subulate gen. entire,
us patent; cells gen. narrow; costa (at least on leaves of fruit,
stem) long-excurrent. Tufts us. low. Sterile shoots often
short-subulate with subpercurrent costa. — Sandy ground princ.

— 181 —

in Bubalp. districts. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Germany,
Switzerl.! Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. r. Can.: Drummond. U. S.:
Roell.

* D.ZOnatuni Bridel. — Weisia Brid.; Ditrichum Limpricht.

Leaves acute or short-subulate, appressed when dry, suberect
when moist; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Tufts dense
but sparingly radiculose, sonictitncs 3 — 4 c. m. high. Capsules
unknown. — Rocks in a1p. region r. Eur. Germany: Limpricht.
Austria: Breidler. Sweden: E. Nyman. Norway: Kaurin.

bb. Pericl-etial leaves not sheathing. Peristome with distinct
basal tube.

lO.D. tortile Gmelin. — Mnium Gm.; Ditrichum Lindb.

Leaves gen. somewhat long-.'^ubulate and not or sparingly
denticulate, sometimes slightly recurved, us. not appressed when
dry; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Tufts eradiculose. —
Sandy places also in alps. Eur. Sweden. Switzerl.! France:
Husnot m. gall. Amer, Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

■''.'^.pusilluili liedwig. — Trichostomum H.; Ditrichum Timm.
Stem lower; leaves shorter and less patent; costa scarcely
excurrent. — Eur. not r. Sweden: M. Huss. France: Husnot
m. gall. Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

* D.nivale C. Mueller. — Leptotrichum C. M.; Ditrichum
Limpricht.

Leaves appressed wlien dry, suberect when moist; costa
fainter, excurrent in upper leaves. Capsule smaller. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. Austria: Berggren, com. Grcenwall.

b. Leaf-cells round-quadrate. Capsules unknown.
ll.D.elatuni Kindb. n. sp. — Leptotrichum flexicaule *brevi-
folium Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves small gen. entire, from short base abruptly tapering
to the not much longer acute or subulate acumen, appressed
when dry, patent when moist; costa percurrent. Tufts loose
eradiculose not glossy, to 6 c. m. high. — Alp. rocks r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Macoun. ^ .

I'i.D.Macounii C. M. et Kindb. — Distichium C. M. et K. 1.
c; Ditrichum Kindb

Leaves small sometimes denticulate at apex, from short base
abruptly tapering lo a longer subulate acumen, faintly appressed
when dry; costa percurrent. Tufts dense, radicilose below,
2—3 c. m. high. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.; J.
Macoun. ^ .. ... • ,. . . ■ . .

:: M

(i* a

:-iiii;;!ii

w

18'2 —

89. CynodoTitiiini Sdiimper. • ,. ■-! '

I. £u-Cynodontilinit Capsule striate; teeth long porsiKtent.
Leaves earinate much recurved.

II. Oreoweisia. Capsule smooth; teeth short brittle. Leaves
earinate faintly recurved near base.

III. Pseudo-Fliiloiiotis. Leaves concave not recurved. Stem
julaceous. Capsule unknown.

1. p]u-Cynodontium.
A. Leaves strongly mamillose on both sides, broadly acu-
minate gen. obtusate at apex; alar cells indistinct. Capsule
(exc. C. strumulosum) not annulate.

a. Capsule costate; teeth papillose. Leaves long large.
l.C.gracilescens Schimper syn. — Oncophorus Lindb.; Braith-
waite brit. mossfl. in part.

Lc avcs gen. acute, pcrichetial with long linear acumen. Cap-
sule oval-oblong or finally c .indric, often inclined or subobli-
que; pedicel straight. - - Roc^ks princ. in alps r. Eur. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.l Austria: Venturi. Amer. »Greenl.»: Lange
Greenl. fi. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

'i.C.cirratuni Hornschuch. — Campylopue Hsch.; Brid.; Cyno-
dontium Kindb ; Oncophorus Lindb.

Leaves gen. obtuse, inner perichetial short-apiculate. Cap-
sule oval with dark red stripes; pedicel arcuate in younger state
when moistened. — Rocks princ. in alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam

b. Capsule small faintly striate; teeth smooth; pedicel short
straight. Leaves small short. • ' > - •
B.C.Schisti Wahlenberg. — Wcisia Wng; Cynodontium Lindb.

Leaves denticulate gen. acute or short-acuminate, perichetial
longer acuminate. Capsule round-oval symmetric; teeth us. not
cleft. Habit of Rhabdoweisia. — Rocks in northern districts
gen. r. Eur, Sweden less r., Norway! Finl.: Brotherus. Amer.
Can.: Waghorne. . .

4.C.alpestre Wahlenberg. — Dicranum Wng; Cynodontium
Lindb.

Leaves denticulate also below middle, very small gen. obtuse;
perichetial short-acuminate. Capsule oval symmetric very small;
teeth cleft. Tufts very low — Rocks in northern alps r. Eur.
Norway! »Sweden»: Wahlenb, Amer. »Greenl.: Vahl»: Lange.
5.C.struinulosuni C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves crenulate above, somewhat longer than in the last:
lower gen. acute, upper obtuse; perichetial somewhat long-

V-ul

V;t

■■!;!■

— 183 —

aeuminate. Cappule oblique Bubohovate gen. etrumoHe; annuluH
distinct; teeth cleft. Stem higher than in the last. — Linne-
stone rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoiin. - , . ..

B. Leaves faintly mamillose and subulate-acnnninate; alar
cells us. distinct; costa nearly smooth at back. Capsule us.
annulate; teeth cleft.

a. Capsule strumose somewhat large.
e.C.struniifei'UniEhrhart. — Dicranum E.; Cynodontium Notaris.

Leaves long denticulate above; perichetial with subulate acu-
men. Capsule suboblong oblique; teeth papillose reddish or
orange; pedicel long. Tufts somewhat high. — On rocks r. on
trees, princ. in northern districts. Eur. Sweden common, Nor-
way, Switzerl.l »Engl. r.»: Braitliwaite. Amer. Can.: Macoun;
WaghOxne. .. •

b. Capsule not strumose gen. not large.
T.C.polycarpuill Eluhart. — Dicranum E.; Cynodontium Schimper.

Leaves more or less denticulate us. long. Capsule us. finally
subcylindric and sulcate, less often oblique; teeth as in the
last; pedicel us. not long and often tliin. Tufts more or less
radiculose. — Rocks not r. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l
Finl.: Lindberg. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond; Waghorne.
Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

* C.torquescens Bruch. — Dicranum Brucb; Cynodontium Lim-
pricht; Oncophorus polycarpus *nigricans Kindb. Laubm. Schwed.
u. Norw.

Leaves less long and often nearly smooth, gen. subobtuse
and faintly denticulate. Capsule erect symmetric faintly striate,
often small; annulus not revoluble. Tufts often low and blackish
below. Habit of C. Bruntoni. — Rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.l Austria: A. Schmidt.

* C.fallax Limpricht.

Leaves long acute denticulate also below middle, distinctly
mamillose. Capsule erect symmetric faintly striate; annulus
not revoluble. Tufts us. green and somewhat high. — Rocks.
Eur. Norway! Sweden: E. Jasderholm. Amer. r. Can.: Waghorne.
S.C.Subalpestre Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from C. polycarpum: Leaves smaller nearly pellucid,
refiexed only at one border, gen. smooth and entire. Capsule
small not distinctly annulate; pedicel scarcely 1 c. m. long.
Stem eradiculose very short. — Amer. r. Can.: Drummond n.
108, com. Macoun. . -^ ■ .- .- . . .. .

1. , 1

-- 184 —

I'm

• II. Orcowcinia Schimper.

A. Lcnvcs long gi-iulii.'illy long-suhuhitc, crisped when dry.
U.CKiiintoni Smith. — Dicraiuim 8111.; Cynodontimn lir. eiir.

Leaves recurved near hasc, distuiitly denticidate-sinuohite at
ucutnen; basal cellw hyaline not much wider than the others.
Cappule fiubohlong pale brown; annuluH perwiHtent. Tufts yello-
wish green us. subpulvinate. Monoecious, — Hocks. Eur, noi
r. Sweden, Switzerl.l (.'orsica: Levier. France: Schimper.
lO.C.robustmn Veniuri. — Dicranoweisia Vent, revue bryol.
1882; Cynodontium Kindb.

»Doubly or triply larger than the last. Differs in leaves
smooth; cnpsule ovate; tufts 8 — 4 c. ni. high or higher, fuscous
below, yellowish al)Ove. — Eur. Portugal*: Venturi.

B. Leaves short broad: upper criHi)ed, lower nearly spirally
twisted about stem (as in Anoectangium) when dry.
ll.Cserrulatuni Funck. — Weisia Funck; Cynodontium Kindb.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or sublinear, short-acuminate
subacute, not or (at one side) faintly recurved, strongly mamil-
lose, in upper pirt densely mamillose-serrulate; upper cells
small dusky, the basal pellucid rectangular; costa subpercurrent,
serrulate at back. Capsule small suboval rostellate; pedicel
short not much exserted above the tufts. Monoecious. — Rocks
in alp. region r. Eur. Austria: Breidler. Amer. »U. S. and
Alaska »: Lesq. et Jam.

12.C.obtusatuiii Kindb. — Oreoweisia Kindb. rev. bryol.
1896; O. serrulata var. tenuior C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. lu.

Leaves obtuse broader and shorter than in the last, subovate
not acuminate, strongly recurved below, very mamillose, densely
mamillose-serrulate above; basal cells mostly short, gen. not
pellucid; costa percurrent. Tufts very tonicntose to the short
green tops. Capsules and flowers unknown. Differs from the
resembling DicJiodouHum pellucidum ''''fagimontanum in smaller
and shorter not sheathing leaves, nearly s}nrally twisted about
stem, not or (the uppermost) r. crisped. Resembles also Anoec-
tangium. — Damp rocks r. Amer. Can : Macoun.

III. Pseudo-Philonotis Kindb.
IS.C.boreale Hagen and Limpricht. — Philonotis fontana var.
borealis Hagen; Ph. borealis Limpricht; Cynodontium Kindb.

Leaves small subovate short-acuminate acute; cells subqua-
drate (or the basal short-rectangular) larger than in other spe-
cies and more or less i)ellucid; costa percurrent serrulate at
back. Lower leaves smooth pellucid nearly entire, sometimes

— 185 —

decurrent. Uj){)er leiives densely mnmilloKe-serrulato nearly all
around. Tufts high compact tonientose, green ahove. — Swamps
in higher alp. region r. Eur. Norway in Galdhoe 1800 motr.
a, 8.: I. Hagen.

90. Diehodoiitiuni Schimper.

A. Leaves obtuse or subacute at apex: perichetial similar
but more distinctly sheathing. Male plants in separate tufts;
perigonial leaves with percurrent costa.

l.U.pelluciduin L. — Bryum L.; Dichodontium Schimp.

Leaves channelled from suboljlong base sublinear or sometimes
ovate-oblong, undulate and scarcely rellexed, us. nearly crowded;
inner basal cells narrow hyaline, the others quadrate; costa per-
current. Capsule oblique inclined; teeth purplish below, orange
above; lid rostellate; pedicel long yellowish or pale red. Tufts
dark or brown green. Dioecious. Leaves very variable in size.
— Wet rocks not uncommon. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Engl.:
Holt. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.
''^ D.fagiiiiontanum (Bridel as var.) Kindb. as subsp.

Leaves small subovate-oblong nearly entire: ])erichetial longer
acuminate. Capsule smaller; pedicel short reddish. — Rocks
r. Eur. Switzerl.! Engl.: Rogers; Cunlitfe. Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Drummond.
'i.D.flavescens Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dichodontium Lindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer and more serrate, less
mamillose, distant. Capsule subsymmetric or symmetric, not
or faintly inclined; teeth orange. Tufts not or sparingly radi-
culose, bright green or green. Very r. fruiting. — Wet often
submerged rocks r. Eur. Norway fruiting, Germany 1 Sweden
fruit.: P. Olsson. France fruit.: Lamy, com. Husnot. Amer.
Can. fruit.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

B. Leaves acute at apex; the perichetial much different.
Male plants mixed with fertile; perigonial leaves with not per-
current costa.

S.D.subflavescens Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 59. /'

Leaves channelled from suboblong base tapering to an atte-
nuate acumen, serrate often to below middle, long distant nearly
smooth; cells and costa as in the last. Capsule symmetric
erect; teeth dark purplish; pedicel long ])ale red. Perichetial
leaves narrower than the others, long- acuminate and gen. subu-
late, in upper part of acumen nearly tilled by the percurrent
or excurrent costa. P'^^rigonial leaves large long-acuminate.

18

1»

■^'

l(:v

I'M

mmt

i I
i i

— 18« —

Leaves of male j)lantfl RonietimeH obtUHe. Tufts very tomen-
toee to the green tops, often high. — Wet rocks r. Amer,
Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. IJ. S.: Roell; Henderson, coin. Cardot.
* Dichodontium ohjmpictim TleuauM et ('ardot (ined.). Leaves "ery
papillose, minutoly denticulate nearly all around; capsule strumose.
— U. S. Wash.; Henderson •: Cardot in Musci Amer. sept. — Speci-
mens not seen.

i)L Dicraiiuiii Hedwig.

A. Capsule straight (in D. hyperboreum faintly obliciue) not
strumose. Leaves not undulate; cells gen. not porose.

a* Monoecious. Leaves entire us. small. Pedicel of cap-
sule not long. Stem gen. without rhizoids above base.
I. Arctoa. Leaves channelled; alar cells us. distinct; costa
narrow more or less excurrent. Ca[)8ule not large; teeth often
spreading when dry; pedicel short -emergent.
IL Met/loria. Leaves convolute above; alar cells not well-
deiined; costa very broad long-cxcnrrent. Capsule small; teeth
not spreading; pedicel exserted. Plants small.

b. Dioecious. Leaves suinetimcH denticulate us. large. Pe-
dicel of capsule long. Stem radiculose also above base.

aa* Leaves with narrow or not very broad costa; alar cells
persistent.

III. Orthodicramini. Leaves channelled or convolute above;
upper cells subquadrute. Pedicel of capsule straight; peristomial
teeth cleft. Tufts us. green.

bb. Leaves with very broad long-excurrent costa.

IV. Faraleucobryiini. Leaves subconvolute above, persistent;
alar cells persistent us. brown, tiie others few short-rectangular;
costa thick formed by o layers as in Leucobryum glaucum, middle
layer consisting by small green •ells. Pedicel of capsule straight;
teeth often partite. Tufts wbiii;n green. Calyptra very long.

V. Pseudo-Canipylopus. Le,'"/e8 chamielled persistent; alar
cells persistent brown, the others numerous rectangular; costa
not thick. Pedicel of capsule straight; teeth cleft. Tufts green
or brownish.

VI. Dicranodontinni. Leaves channelled soon deciduous; alar
cells fugitive pale, the others numerous rectangular; costa not
thick. Pedicel of capsule arcuate; teeth often partite. Tufts
green or brownish.

B. Capsule curved or oblique sometimes strumose. Leaves
often undulate when dry; cells often porose.

VII. Eu-Dicranum. Peristomial teeth cleft. Leaves with
narrow or not much broad costa.

I I

— 187 —

a. Mon()(>ci()ii8. Stem gen. without rhizoidH ubovu bane.
Leftves not undulate. CapKule often Htrunione.

1. Falcatiforinia. Leaven ehanncUed not large, llexuous or fal-
cate; coHta UH. long-excurrent. Capsule not large. PlantHnotrobuHt.

2. Molliformia. LcaveH largo convolute jvbove, nearly Ktraight;
coBta not or slightly exeurrent. Capwule large. Plants robust.

b. Dioecious. Stem us. tomcntose. Leaves Bometimea un-
dulate. Capsule not strumose.

aa. Leaves carii\ate above.

B. Carinatifolia. Leaves gen. broad at base, often undu-
late; costa subpcrcurrent.

bb. Leaves channelled at least below, not carinate above.

4. Scopariiforiiiia. Leaves not distinctly convolute above,
broad at base, not long-subulate, sometimes undulate; costa r.
exeurrent.

5. Fuscescentiforniia. Leaves not distinctly convolute,
narrow gen. long-subulate, not undulate; co.^ta often exeurrent.

6. Convolutifolia. Leavcp convolute above, not undulate,
broad or narrow; costa not r. exeurrent.

1. Arctoa Bruch et Schimper.
l.D.fiil vellum Dickson. — Rryum Dicks.; Dicranum Smith.

Leaves us. flexuous or falcate, sometimes nearly straight;
alar cells not well-defined, the others gen. long; costa often denti-
culate above. Capsule small straight strangulate not or faintly
striate; teeth spreading when dry. Tufts us. yellowish. — Rocks
in alp. region r. Eur. Norway! Spetsbergen: Berggren. Sweden,
in Lapland (a var. with green shorter leaves and less emergent
capsule: »D. Anderssonih Wichura): E. Nyman. Amer. U. S.: Roell.
2.I).hyperboreuiii Gunner.

Leaves flexuous or nearly straight, larger than in the last:
alar cells well-defined; uppermost cells short; costa not or indi-
stinctly denticulate. Capsule somewhat oblique sulcate wide-
mouthed not constricted, larger than in the last; teeth erect.
Tufts blackish or brown when dry. — Fissures of rocks in
northern alp. regions r. Eur. Norway! » Sweden*: Lindberg.
Arner. Greenl.: Berggren.

II. Metzleria Schimper, as genus.
S.D.alpinum Schimper. — Metzleria Sch.; Dicranum Kindb.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong somewhat flexuous; cells rect-
angular: outer basal narrower; costa smooth. Capsule oblong-
oval not sulcate; calyptra long. Tufts pale brown. Resembling
a small D. albicans or a Dicranella. — Rocks in alp. region

■* 1 "'J^

■^■■■p

— 188

?! '

I

r. Eur. Austria: Breidler, com. Warnstorf. Norway: Kaalaas,
corn. E. Nyman. . . ..•: , -^ ,. i,:. ,"v^-..: ,;,,;■. .,;■,- ^^

III. Orthodicranum C. Mueller. h||^* nij-n| ^;

A. Leaves brittle and channelled. -,.,

a. Leaves not subulate-acuminate; costa long-excurrent.
4.D.fulvuni Hooker.

Leaves denticulate above, crisped when dry; cells gen. short;
costa somewhat broad Capsule striate. Tufts us. brown-yellow.
R. fruiting. — Rocks princ. of sandstone in woods in lower
regions. Eur. princ. in southern distr. not r. Switzerl.I France:
Husnot. Sweden: Berggren. Norway: E. Nyman. Amer. not
r. Can.: Macoun. . . . . ,,. «, ,, * iS.i

5.D.Yiride JSullivant et Lesquereux. — Campylopus SuU. et
Lesq.; Dicranum Bruch et Sch.; D. subfulvum Ren. et Card. ?

Leaves entire or r. near apex denticulate, us. not crisped or
sometimes nearly straight; cells short or the lowest long; costa
gen. less broad. Tufts us. green. Very r. fruiting. » Capsule not
striate*: Schimper. — Us. on trees r. on rocks, ^wr. r. Switzerl.I
France: Husnot. Sweden: P. Larsson. Norway: Bryhn. Amer.
Can. eastern districts; Macoun; Moser.
6.D.strictum Schleicher.

Leaves entire nearly straight; lower (inner) cells long, the
uppermost short-rectangular; costa Vifirrow. Capsule not striate.
Tufts pale or \ellowish green. R. fruit, in Europe. — Trees
or decayed trunks. Eur. r. Sweden J 8521 Austria: Breidler, com.
Warnstorf. Atmr. less r. princ. i i Paoif. distr. Can.: J. Macoun
(fruit.). Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

b. Leoves long subulate; costa short-excurrcnt or [.lercurreut.
T.D.subulitoliuni 1 adb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves entire, ficAaous when dry; cells as in the last; costa
narrow. Tufts pale green. — Logs in woods r. Amer. Can.
Vane, isl.: Macoun.

B. Leaves gen, not brittle, us. crisped when dry; lower
cells gen. long; costa narrow.

a. Leaves short-subulate, denticulate to below middle, rough
at back, channelled.

S.D.mOiitaniim Hedwig.

Leaves with not excurrent costa. Tufts very dense us. green
often low. — Decayed irunks. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.I Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

b. Leaves long-subulate, nearly entire, not rough at back,
us. convolute above.

— 189 —

O.B.flagellare Hedwig. . r . .^ .

Cobta of leavec denticulate at back, not excurrent. Stem
often with flagellse (short brittle branchlets). Tufts us. pale
brown sometimes green. — Decayed trunks not r. Eur. Nor-
way! Sweden: S. 0. Lindberg; R. Hartman; S. Hardin. Amer.
Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Dearness. U. S.: Roell; Green.
lO.D.Scottii Turner.

Costa of leaves smooth excurrent. Stem not flagelliferous.
Tufts us. brown often high. — Rocks princ. near Atlantic sea
r. Eur. France: Le Jolis. Scotl.: Cash. Irel: Holt. Denmark:
Jensen. '

C. Leaves acute or short-subulate nearly entire, not roagh
at back. Capsules unknown.
ll.B.miqiielonenso Renauld et Cardot.

Fiieaves short often subconvolute above, appressed when dry,
the uppermost gen. obtusate; nearly aU cells short; costa nar-
row, gen. not excurrent. Stem 2 — 8 c. m. high. — Rocks r.
Amer. Miquelon isl.: Delamare, com. Cardot.
12.D.crispatu1llin (Roell as var., in Hedwigia 1897 p. 42)
Kindberg n. sp,

Differs from the last: Leaves not or slightly involute above,
crisped or flexuoue when dry; lower cells short-rectangular or
longer. Stem about 1 o. m. high. — Amer. r. U. S. New
Jersey: J. Roell.

IV. Paraleucobryum Lindberg. . -
13.D. albicans Br. eur. — D. enerve Tiiedenius (older name);
Campylopus Hallii Lesq. and C. frigidus Lesq. ?

Leaves ovate-oblong acute not much shorter than the excur-
rent part uf costa, entire or r. faintly denticulate near apex,
straight and appressed or sometimes falcate, rigid but not
brittle; alar cells dilated brown nearly reaching to costa. Cap-
sule smooth erect not lart^e. Stem tomentoee, high when sterile,
low when fruiting; r.U(;h specimens are resembling D. alpintim
or a small Campylopus. Very r. fruit. — Alp. rocks r. Switzerl.
fruitingi Norway! Amer. Can. Brit. Col. fruit.: Macoun.

V. Pseudo-Campylopus Kindb.

A. Lamina of leaves not or scarcely shorter than the ex-
current part of costa; alar cells not reaching to costa. Leaves
gen. not rigid; costa gen. not occupying more than the half
of lamina nt base.
H.D.longifolium Ehrhart.

Leaves soft nearly entire or faintly denticulate, gradually

■Hf, W

2 if ;.■■'• ^

\ (>■■.:: I

I

i ■*■■■• .'■• ¥

': i"

\ »v

, S

::4^

mv^

M ■

'mi
1

i '!

i ;'

i '■

III
111

i:
i!

— 190 —

acuminate; excurrent part of costa more or less serrulate. Peri-
chetial leaves suboonvolute abruptly apiculate. Capsule some-
what large; pedicel us. long. Tufts sparingly radiculose us.
green or brown-green. Not r. fruiting. — Rocks and stumps.
Eur. common. Sweden etc.l Amer. not common. Can.: Macoun;
Drummond. ? , ■ .

*D.Sauteri Schimper.

Leaves gen. entire; costa occupying about Va of leaf-base,
nearly entire; inner basal cells more numerous. Perichetial
leaves long-subulate. Tufts dense not sparingly radiculose. —
Rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: C. E. Kindberg.
* D.pachytrichum Kindb. cat. Can. m. (as var.).

Leaves entire brittle; costa occupying about V* of leaf-base,
faintly serrulate above; inner basal cells numerous. Perichetial
leaves exserted convolute short-acuminate. Pedicel of capsT'le
about 1 centim. long. Tufts brown when dry; stem wholly
tomentose. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Brit. Col. Selkirk mts 1300
metr. a. sea: Macoun.

B. Lamina of leaves much shorter than the excurrent part
of costa; alar cells reaching to it. Leaves rigid; costa very
broad at base. Tufts us. tomentose. . ,

1 5. D.pachy neuron Molendo. — Campylopus M.; Dicranum Kindb.

Leaves falcate not brittle; awn subulate serrulate. Capsules
unknown. Tufts compact very tomentose. — Alp. rocks r.
Eur. Switzerl!
16.D.serratum Kindb. (in litt. ad Limpricht 1887).

Leaves brittle more or less curved; awn strongly serrate, its
upper part sublinear. Capsule as in D, longifolium. Tufts
more or less radiculose us, green. — Rocks r. Eur. Norway
Dovrefjeld etc.! Sweden Dalslaud near Rostockl; Uddewalla: P.
Larsson. Germany: Roell.

VI. Dicranodontium Bruch et Schimper.
IT.D.longirostro Weber et Mohr. — Didymodon W. M.; Di-
cranum Kindb.; Didymodon denudatus Lindb.; Dicranodontium
virginicum Britton.

Stem no* brittle. Leaves brittle at base and easily deciduous,
gradually tapering to a long-subulate in upper part faintly ser-
rulate acumen, flexuous or falcate; lower cells (above the alar)
gradually narrower from costa to border. Tufts us. yellowish
or green. Not r. fruiting. — Rocks, earth and decayed trunks.
Eur. not r. Spain, Switzerl., Swedenl Norway: R. Hartman,
Austria: Breidler. Amer. r. Can.: Moser.

.1

ri-
e-

in;

— 191 —

IS.D.aspernlum Mitten. — D. virginicum Austin; Dicranodon-
tium aristatum Schimper; D. Millspaughi Britton.

Leaves and stem brittle. Leaves narrower than in the last,
less gradually tapering to the also in lower part serrulate acu-
men, less flexuous or nearly straight when dry; lower cells
(above the alar) dilated nearly uniform. Tufts us. pale brown,
very soft and silky-like. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks r. Eur.
Austria: A. Schmidt. Norway: Wulfsberg, com. P. Olsson. Amer.
U. S.: com. Cardot.

' :. . . VII. Eu-Dicranum.

1. Falcatiformia.

A. Capsule sulcate when dry.

19.D.Starkei Weber et Mohr. — Oncophorus suecicus Arnell
et Jensen.

Leaves flexuous; alar cells "well-defined; uppermost cells short,
the others long or short. Capsule pometimes suberect and less
distinctly' strumose. Perichetial leaves subovate us. long-aristate.
Tufts us. green. — Rocks princ. in alps not r. Eur. Norway,
Spain, Switzerl.l Sweden: R. Hartman; Arnell. France: Boulay,
com. Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

B. Capsule not sulcate.

a. Leaves distinctly falcate also wl.'^n dry.
20.D.falcatiim Hedwig.

Alar leaf-cells not well-defined; other cells gen. long, the
uppermost short-rectangular. Perichetial leaves subovate often
long aristate. Tufts often blackish. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Nor-
way, Switzerl.l France: Husnot. Scotl.: Rogers. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

b. Leaves flexuous not falcate.

21 D.schisii Gunner. — Bryum Gunn.; Dicranum Lindberg;
D. Blyttii Schimper.

Leaves entire; alar leaf-cells well-defined, the others short at
least the u{)permost. Capsule distinctly necked or strumose.
Perichetial leaves oblong short-aristate. Tufts us. blackish
below. — Rocks ])rinc. in alps and northern districts. Eur.
not r. Sweden (also below alps), Norway 1 Scotl.: Rogers. Spets-
bergen: Berggren. Portugal: Levier. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
Greenl.: Berggren.
22.D.pumilum Sauter. — Aongstroemia Saul<. i C. M.

Leaves sometimes slightly denticulate; cells gen. short, the
alar not much distinct; co&ta sometimes percurrent. Pedicel of
the indistinctly necked capsule short. Perichetial leaves long-

m

'■' '■'>< Hi!

:. mm

5 m&\

Hi

< ■'' l,« .'i ' ■■'

.., >) ,

l-iKt-

'1

a.;

i'

't

■ i

I

!l

n.

I >'

It*! '

iS': i

I

— 192 —

■j^B

iHi

Mf jMi

i '

1

^Ki

;

I^R

ii

aristate. Tufts blackish about 0,5 c. m. high or lower. Much
smaller than the last. — lilur. » Austria: Sauter)^: C. M. Amer.
Can. Labrador; Waghorne. U. S.: Roell.

2. Molliformia. :rn ';:i = >,
23.D.nio11e Wilson. — D. arcticum Schimper. . ■

Leaf-cells long except tho well-defined alar. Capsule not
sulcate; pedicel often long. Perichetial leaves long-aristate.
Tufts dark or yellowish brown. Habit of D. spadiceum. R.
fruiting. — Wet earth often near rivulets, in higher northern
alp. region, r. Eur. Norwayl Sweden: C. Indebetou. Scotl.: T.
Rogers. Spetsbergen: Berggren, com. A. G. Nathorst. Amer.
Alaska: Palmer; J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Berggren.

3. Carinatifolia.

A. Costa of leaves strongly serrate at back. Upper leaf-
cells often long.

a. Capsules sulcate us clustered 3 — 4 together. Leaves de-
current more or less distinctly ur>dulate when dry.
24.D.undulatuin Ehrhart.

Leaves very distinctly undulate also when moist, strongly
serrate above middle, recurved at one side near base, us. long-
subulate, often nearly straight and spreading when dry; angu-
lar cells diversiform, the alar brown dilated; other cells long
and porose; costa with serrate ridges at back. Inner periche-
tial leaves nerveless. Tufts green. — On ground in woods.
Eur. gen. ' jmmon (in Great Britain r.). Sweden, Switzerl.l
Amer. common. Can.: Macoun. : '

* D.ontariense Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves less spreading, not recurved, strongly serrate only in
upper part of acumen. Capsule solitary. — Amer. Can. r.:
Macoun.
25.D.Druiuniondii C. Mueller.

Leaves tapering to a long sublinear in upper part serrate
acumen, not recurved, flexuous or crisped when dry, often in-
distinctly undulate; cells very chlorophyllose not porose: lower
angular yellow, alar uniform dilated us. hyaline, other lower
basal long, the others short irregular but the apical often long.
Tufts green or yellowish. — Damp vvoods and peat-bogs. Amer.
not r. Can.: Macoun; Roell.

b. Capsules solitary r. in pairs. Leaves not decurrent r.
undulate.

26.D.canadense Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVIL

Leaves narrowed to a long subulate in upper half strongly

— 193 -

serrate acumen, ue. nearly straight, often brittle, pometimeB
convolute below; alar cells dilated j^ellow, inner basal hyaline
narrower, other cells long. Perichetial leaves acuminate coetate
long-aristate. Cappule sulcate us. solitary. Tufts dark green.
— Earth in woods. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; VVaghorne. U. S.:

27.D.COnsol)riinilli Renauld et Cardot.

Differs from the last: Ijeaves shorter, perichetial short-aristate
often emarginate; capsules smooth often in pairs. — Amer. r.
U. S.: Henry, com. Cardot.

28.D.scopariifornie Kindb bull. Torr. club XVI.' '

Leaves broadly acuminate or short- subulate, strongly serrate
in upper part of acumen, not brittle, often curved r. undulate;
alar cells brown dilated, the others gen. oblong-oval or narrower,
r. porose; costa with serrate ridges at back. Inner perichetial
leaves nerveless, emarginate or crenulate above. Capsule smooth.
Tufts green. — Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun. U. S. Mi-
chigan: Purpus, com. Roell.

29.D.caniptopliy11um Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves tapering to a long subulate in upper half strongly
serrate acumen, falcate and not crisped when dry; cells not
porose: those of acumen subquadrate, the alar yellow dilated
Bubrectangular reaching to costa; other basal cells long. Peri-
chetial leaves obtusate or abruptly tapering to a gen. longer,
narrow-subulate or subfiliform awn with long-excurrent costa.
Capsule solitary not sulcate. Tufts green above. — Amer. v.
Can. Northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.

B. Costa of leaves faintly rough at back. Upper leaf-c^Us
gen. short. Capsule solitary sulcate.

a. Leaves not brittle, gen. broad at base; angular cells di-
versiform: alar dilated brown persistent, inner basal narrow.
Capsule long- pedicellate.
SO.D.Bergeri Blandow. — I). Schraderi Weber et Mohr.

Leaves us. tapering to a long broadly sublinear in upper
part serrulate often obtuse acumen, often undulate and flexuous;
upper cells sl.ort; coe^ta not percurrent. Perichetial leaves often
emarginate and short-aristate. Tufts us. brown-green. — Peat-
bogs and swamps gen. common. Eur. Sweden, Norway! Amer.
Can.: Macoun. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

* l).r«|>incola Kindb. n. subsp.
. Leaves subulate-acuminate; costa percurrent, serrulate at back,

.1 i:

■iii'-.f'i'i

UM. ■

■A\ •:

'•■■■VV'

194 —

m

'^

lEiSffi

1

|{« ■ ;

!«M''

;*;

w ■

w

1

1

i;

1

Perichetial lenves long-arigtnte not emarginate. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Maconn. •■ . , .•

'"Dtrigidum Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Leaveb acute phon-acnminate rigid not undulate, nearly ap-
preesed when dry; costa pubpercurrent. Tufts nearly eradicu-
lose, pale or whitish green when dry. Capsules unknown. —
In bogs r. Eur. Sweden near Strnemstad: P. Olsson.
Sl.D.pallidliiti Bruch et Schimper. — D. sabuletorura Renauld
et Cardot.

Differs from D. Bergeri: Leaves gradually acuminate acute
short-subulate, often crisped wlien dry; cells sometimes suboblong;
costa percurrent or subexcurrent. — Sandy soil r. Amer. Can.:
Waghorne. U. S.: Sull. et Lesq. exsicc, com. Cardot; Sawyer
and Green, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves brittle and narrow; angular cells uniform dilated
fugitive faintly yellowish; other basal cells long hyaline. Cap-
sule short-pedicellate.
32.D.leiicobasis C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves tapering to a very long narrow nearly wholly spinu-
lose-serrulate acute acumen, faintly undulate and crisped when
dry; middle cells of lamina gen. short. Capsule not large.
Resembles somewhat D. fuscescens in habit. — Base of trees
in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.:
Roell.

4. Scopariiformia.

A. Leaves rough or denticulate at back of lamina, us. cri-
sped and often undulate when dry; costa sometimes excurrent.
33.D.elHtufii Lindberg. — D. robustum Blytt (the inventor).

Leaves long, tapering to a long spinulose-serrulate brittle
acumen, dentate at back; acumen with narrow-subulate often
circinnate point; cells of angles diversiform, the inner narrow;
other cells of lower part long, the upper short irregular; costa
very rough at back near arex, often excurrent. Capsules clu-
stered 8 — 4 not striate when wholly ripe. Plants yellowish
green very robust up. high. — Bogs and humid woods r. Eur.
Norway! Sweden!; Lindberg.
34.D.spnriuin Hedwig.

Leaves gen. not long, ovate-lancoolate acute or from subovate
base abruptly acuminate, subpnpillosc at back, very faintly
serrate at the us. short acumen; cells as in the last; costa
abbreviate or subpercurrent, faintly rough at back. Capsule
solitary striate. Tufts yellowish green not high. — Dry heat'.is

— 195 —

and woods on nandy soil, r. on rocks. Eur. not r., common in
northern distr. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. Can. not r.:
Macoun; Waghorne.

B. Leaves smooth at back of lamina, not crisped; costa not
excurrent.

a. Leaves not undulate gen. short.
35.D.bracliycaulon Kindb. cat. Can. m. — D. plano-alare C.
M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, entire
or near apex indistinctly denticulate, sometimes nearly appressed
when dry, smaller than in the last; cells gen. short also near
base; costa smooth at back. Tufts low green. — Dry rocks
or earth r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
36.D.8tenodictyon Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI. — Monocra-
num Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves narrowed below, from oblong base short-acuminate
obtuse, very short, crenulate (not serrate) above middle, appressed
when dry; cells tbick-walled not porose; the outer alar brown,
the inner hyaline; other cells lanceolate or the upper oblong,
the apical sometimes oval; costa very narrow, serrulate above
at back. Capsules unknown. Tufts blackish when dry with
straw-yellow tops, nearly eradiculose. Habit of Galliergon sar-
mentosum. — Earth in woods r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

— In the resembling Monocranum dicranoides C. M. (from Chile,
com. C. M.) leaves are long-acuminate, peristomial teeth entire,
not cleft.

b. Leaves long gen. broadly acuminate or short-subulate,
sometimes undulate.

aa. Leaves distinctly decurrent; cells not porose, those of
decurrent part narrow; costa smooth at back. Tufts nearly
without rhizoids. Capsules unknown.
37.D.leioneiiron Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves gen. quite entire, sometimes subobtuse at apex, con-
volute in middle, suberect when dry, not undulate; angular
cells diversiform, the inner pellucid sometimes pale yellow;
other cells long narrow; costa very narrow. Tufts yellowish.

— Swampy woods r. Amer. Can. Anticosti: Macoun.

bbt Leaves gen. not distinctly decurrent; cells us. porose;
costa more or less denticulate at back. Inner perichetial leaves
longer than the awn. Pedicels long soHtary or r. in pairs.
Tufts radiculose.
38.D.scopariuin L. — Bryum L.; Dicranum Hedwig. tUc*^;

1,1' ■:

i *%■

ml

'■ ml i-

V; , V I

', ."■■ (;

• \

:■;'.*

«•'.

-• 'H"^

' t ; i

II

:h-.r!;|.

■i

. ■ ' i'- '!

'." " n

lU

-,.!• h

';(

) ^

! 1

it

':iJ

1 r-'^f, i- *^

,:::i,;-Ri i!

■m A

; j;

■sm

If

'.A

]

1

,

- 196 —

Leaves faintly serrulate in upper part of acumen, more or
less curved and patent but not spreading when dry, r. undu-
late; angular cells diversiform, the alar brown more dilated,
the inner pale yellow or less often hyaline; other cells gen.
long, the uppermost sometimes suboblong; costa us. with 2
serrate ridges at back near apex. Perichetial leaves not long-
aristate. Capsule not sulcate. Tuffs us. green, sometimes
blackish. — Dry places common, le.es often in bogs and some-
what r. in alp. regions Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer.
Alr.ska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.:
Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Roell.
* D.involutum Kindb. n. subsp. "' r.-^i>i'nA. i.^?- -- .c .

Leaves falcate not or sparingly porose, very concave, suboon-
volute in middle, very chlorophyllose, sometimes undulate; cells
gen. oblong-oval. Capsules unknown. — Amer. r. Can. Vane,
isl.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
SO.D.Konjeani Notaris. — D. palustre Br. eur. ; ;

Leaves nearly entire, spreading and undulate when dry, often
nearly straight; cells as in D. scoparium; costa nearly smooth
without ridges at back, us. not percurrent. Perichetial leaves
short-aristate. Capsule sulcate. Tufts us. yellowish. — Bogs.
Eur. not common. Sweden (common), Norway! Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun, -•^- v -.•.*.>,/.;

40.D.iindiilifolium C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves nearly entire, often obtuse at apex, nearly appressed
and slightly undulate when dr}-; cells as in the last; costa not
lamellate but denticulate at back near apex. Tufts golden
gloss}', sparingly radiculose. Capsules unknown. — In alps r.
Amer. Can. Rocky mts 2500 nietr. a. s.: Macoun; Vane isl.:
Roell. U. S.: Roell
41.D.ailgllstum Lindberg; Kindb. rev. bryol. 189H. ■-:'•'

Leaves entire not undulate, narrower and less spreading than
in D. Bonjeani, often nearly straight and suberect; cells as in
the same species but gen. not porose; costa percurrent, nearly
smooth without ridges at back. Capsule sulcate. Tufts yello-
wish green. — Bogs r. Eur. northern districts. Norway! Finl.:
Brotherus. Sweden princ. in Lapland: E. Nyman,
42.D.RoeIli! Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 60. — D. Bonjeani
var. Roellii Barnes.

Differs from D. Bonjeam in leaves neither spreading nor
undulate and their costa sometimes bilamellate. — More allied
to D. scoparium; differs froni it in leaves faintly crenulate at

43.D.8ubpa1u8tre C. M. et

Leaves serrulate in the
narrow (sometimes brittle)

— 197 —

acumen, their upper cells suboblong, less porose; costa more
abbreviate, nearly smooth at back. — Amer. Pacif. distr. r.
Can. Vane, isl.: J. Roell. , . ,.■;•; u .•> ,[

Var. Schlotthaueri Barnes.
. Leaves shorter, broader-acuminate, their upper cells gen. sub-
oval, costa not bilamellate. Habit of D. hrachycauloti. —
Amer. r. U. S Yellowstone Park 2100 metr. a. s.: Roell.

Kindb. 1. c.

greater part of the somewhat long
acumen, very concave below, sub-
convolute at base of acumen, sometimes short-decurrent, not
spreading, sometimes undulate when dry; cells as in D. scopa-
rium; costa percurrent, serrulate in upper part but not lamellate.
Perichetial leaves long-aristate. Capsule nearly smooth or finally
Bulcate. Tufts often 3'ello\vish. — Bogs r. Amer. Can.: J. and
J. M. Macoun. U. S.: Roell. Eur. Sweden in Lapland: E.
Nyman.
44.1).hyalinum Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896, p. 01.

Leaves faintly denticulate near apex, narrower and somewhat
long-acuminate; alar cells nearly hyaline rectangular not well-
defined; other cells hyaline not porose, narrow-linear excapt the
oval apical; costa faintly denticulate near apex, narrow ; hove
but very dilated at base, not excurrent. Tufts loose very [)a-
ringly radiculose. Capsules unknown. — Alp. region r. Amer.
Nat. Park 2100 metr. a. s.: Roell.

5. Fuscescentiformia. • •. h: .
Inner perichetial leaves longer than the awn.
Leaves very long and not crisped but falcate or
straight when dry, sometimes brittle; costa very narrow,
sule large; pedicel very long. Tufts shining very high.
45.D.iiiaju8 Smith. i

Leaves with subulate nearly wholly serrulate acumen; angular
cells diversiform, the inner hyaline; other cells long uniform
porose; costa excurrent rough at least in upper half. Capsules
faintly striate us. clustered. Inner perichetial leaves denticulate,
truncate below the awn. Tufts green or yellowish. — On
earth and shaded rocks in woods. Eur. not r. Sweden commoril
Amer. r. Can. eastern districts: J. Macoun. U. S.: Roell. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun.

46.D.Howellii Renauld et Cardot hot. gaz. 1889. — D. an-
gustifolium Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII, 1890 (in part).
. Leaves with sublinear in upper half serrulate acumen, narrower

U. S.

A.

a.

nearly
Cap-

b.hdr

n -.

y

1! '»

5
i

■if'

H

<f

i

— 198 —

tlinn in tho last; cells as in the last; oosta not difitinctly ex-
current and nearly smooth. Capsule sulcate solitary. Inner
perichetial entire, attenuate to awn. Tufts us. golden glossy.
— Damp rocks. Amer. Pacif. dist. not r. Alaska: J. M. Ma-
coun. Can.: J. Macoun; Dawson. U. S. Oregon: Hertzman;
Roell; Howell, com. Cardot.

* D.angustifoliuiii Kindb. 1. c. in part.

Capsule not suicate. Leaves nearly entire. — Damp rocks
r. Amer. Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun.

b. Leaves less long and not brittle, us. flexuous or crisped
when dry; costa sometimes somewhat broad. Capsule solitary
gen. less large; pedicel not much long. Tufts us. low and not
shining.

47.D.fusce8cen8 Turner.

Leaves with subulate in upper part more or less serrulate
acumen, flexuous or crisped; cells u,-. not porose; angular cells
diversiform, the inner hyaline; other cells of base long, the
upper gen. short; costa faintly rough at back, us. excurrent
and somewhat broad. Capsule us. oblique striate or suicate.
Tufts us. grayish green when dry. — Decayed trunks or damp
rocks in woods not r. Eur. Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Roell. >

* D.congestum Bridel.

Leaves less serrulate with sublinear acumen; cells us. porose;
costa us. subpercurrent narrower. Capsule less striate. Tufts
us. green. — Not r. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Fiul.:
Brotherus. Amer. Can.; Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Roell.

* D.Seiidtneri Limpricht. r

Leaves nearly entire less flexuous, sometimes subconvolute;
cells porose, upper gen. narrow. Capsule nearly straight. —
Rocks r. Eur. Norway! Russia: Zickendrath.

* D.subbreTifolium Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves larger, subconvolute nearly entire; oosta not excurrent.
Capsule suicate. Stem somewhat high. Habit of D. brevi/olimn.
Amer. v. Can. Rocky rats: Macoun.
48.D.conge8tiforme C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves with somewhat broad short-subulate nearly wholly
serrulate acumen, faintly flexuous, larger than in D. fuscescens;
upper and middle cells porose gen. narrow, the others as in
the mentionned species; costa distinctly rough at back, not
excurrent, narrow. Capsule oblique somewhat large and Anally

— 190 —

Bulcate. Tutts greeniHh und high. — Damp subalp. rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
49.D.algiduill Kindb. revue bryol. 189(5.

Leaver entire nearly straight and snberect, only the upper
flexuouB, narrower than in D. fuscescens; anguhir cells nearly
uniform dilated; other cells very poro^^e, gen. long; costa very
narrow, nearly smooth at back or slightly rough in the excur-
rent part. Tufts soft and silky, green or dark green, nearly
eradiculose. Capsules unknown. Habit of D. spadiceum] differs
from it princ. in not convolute leaves. — Rocks in alps r. ^Iwer.
Can. Rocky mts 2700 nietr. a. s.: Macoun. Eur. Sweden in
Lapland, and Norway: E. Nynian.
* D.subspadiceum Kindb. n, subsp.

Leaves straight erect subconvolute, denticulate near apex and
at the excurrent part of costa. Tufts brown with yellowish
branch-tops. Capsules unknown. — Kocks in alp. region r.
Amer. Can. Rocky mts '2500 metr. a. s.: Macoun.

B. Perichetial leaves shorter than the awn.
50.D.sillcatuili Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII; D. trachyphyllum
Ren. et Card.

Leaves brittle not large, more or less flexuous when dry;

cells porose,
than in D.
Habit of D.
Col.: J. and

the uppermost short, the lower long; costa broader
fuscescens, sometimes excurrent. Capsule sulcate.
fuscescens. — Logs and rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit.
J. M. Macoun. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.
51.1).crispuluiii C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from the last: liCaves narrower, more crisped when
dry; cells not porose, the uppermost irregular sometimes sub-
oblong; costa very narrow gen. percurrent. — On earth or trees
in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.: J. Macoun.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
S'i.D.perichaetiale Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 61.

Differs from the both last in the leaves larger and broader,
neither crisped nor flexuous, only the uppermost subfalcate,
less often brittle; cells larger, narrow-linear, not or sparingly
porose; costa distinctly denticulate at back, not excurrent, nar-
rower than in D. sulcatum', capsule larger.
parium and D. majus in habit. — Amer. Pacif.

6. Convolutifolia.
A. Leaves serrulate in upper part of acumen.
a. Leaves long-subulate; costa somewhat long-excurrent.
Tufts tomentose; tomentum often reddish.

Resembles D. scO'
distr. r. U. S.: Roell.

!'*'lr 'i

§M^

, (("

I

_ 200 —

58.I).Mnehlonbeckii Bryol. eur,

LeavGH flexuouH; coUh gen. not poro.se, the anj(ular dilated
nearly uniform, tlie inner pale yellow; other cells of lower
part gen. narrow, the middle and upper ^hort mixed with some
l(«ug near apex; costa faintly rough at hack. CapHule often
nearly smooth. Often more rohust and high than in the re-
Hemhling D. fuscescens. — Uo(;k9 princ. in alp. or northern
districts, not common. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.l France: Hus-
not. Germany: Kolb, com. VVarnstorf. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Iloell.

b. Leaves not long-subulate; costa gen. percurrent. Tufts
sparingly radioulose.
54.1).rliabdocari>uni Sullivant. ;• . ' - i^i

Leaves patent-erect not flexuoup; angular cells diversiform,
the alar pale yellow; other cells gc.i. long; costa rough at back
without ridges. Capsule sulcate. Habit of D. scoparium. —
Subalp. woods r. Amer. Rocky mts: Lesq. et Sulliv. exsicc,
com. Renauld. Eur. Sweden in Lapland: R. Nyman.

55.D.dipteroneuron C. Mueller in Flora 1887.

Leaves flexuous somewhat small; alar cells brown, the others
narrow or the uppermost oval; costa with 2 serrulate ridges at
back, sometimes short-excurrent. Capsule smooth not large;
pedicel short. Habit of D. brevifoh'um. — Amer. r. Greenl.:
C. Wensk, com. Roell. U. S.: Roell. » Alaska: KrauKe»: C. M.

entire, r. indistinctly denticulate near apex.

Tufts not

B. Leaves gen
Capsule sulcate,

a. Leaves somewhat large; costa gen. percurrent.
densely radiculose. R. fruiting.

56.D.brevifoliiim Lindberg.

Leaves flexuous short-subulate, sometimes less distinctly con-
volute; angular cells dilated nearly uniform, outer brown, inner
pale yellow; other cells gen. short; costa nearly smooth at back.
Sometimes more robust and high than in the resembling D.
fuscescens. — Rocks princ. in al}). or northern districts, r. Eur.
Sweden, Norway! Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

ST.D.spadiceuni Zetterstedt. — D. neglectum Juratzka.

Leaves open-erect not fiexuous, somewhat long-subulate; an-
gular cells diversiform, the inner hyaline sometimes reaching
to costa; other cells gen. long nearly uniform; costa smooth
sometimes short-excurrent. Tufts often brown. Habit of D.
molle and D. scoparium. — Rocks in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway,

— 2(11

Zt'ttiTHtedt. S|)t't.>-l)eigoii: Heiggren.
Bmooth at back. Tufts

batio Hbort-Hubulate and

Swilzerl.! Fniiice: J. E.
Amer. Greenl.: lierggren.

b. Leaves Hmall; oosta excurraiit
dense tonientoHc. CapHulo not large.
58. D.elOIll^atuiii Scblcicber.

Leaves us. from sotnewluit Ijrpad
entire, nearly all appressed wben dry; angular cells diversiform,
tbe alar biown; other cells narrow except the gen. short upper;
costa somewhat broad and not long-excurrent. Capsule faintly
curved. Tufts green or brownish us. very high. — Swamps
and wet rocks princ. in alps. Eur. nearly common in northern
alps. Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Wag-
horne, Greenl.: Wensk, com. Iloell.

* D.dovrense Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves narrower with longer subula, entire and not brittle,
nearly all appressed when dry; nearly all cells narrow except
the alar; costa longer-excurrent. Capsule faintly curved. —
Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!

* D.subfrn^ilifoliuiu Kindb. n. ubsp.

Leaves narrow long-subulate faintly denticulate above, flexuous,
Bometimes brittle; costa long-excurrent narrower. Capsule ar-
cuate. — Northern alps r. Eur. Norway near Kongswoldl Amer.
Can.: Waghorne.

* D.atteniiatuin Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves larger, gradually tapering to a somewhat long subula,
nearly entire and often brittle, the uppermost flexuous; costa
short-excurrent. Capsule more or less curved. Habit of D.
fragilifolium. Tufts low. — Amer. Can. Labrador: Waghorne.
59.1>.fragilifoliiiiii Lindberg. — D. Macounii Austin in herb.
Macoun.

Leaves from narrow base very long-subulate, entire and brittle,
gen. straight erect or the uppermost flexuous; alar cells r. well-
detined, the others gen. rectangular or some few short; costa
narrow very long excurrent. Capsule oblique us. arcuate, larger
than in D. elongatum. Tufts low us. green or pale brown.
Habit of D. stridum. — On logs in northern princ. subalp.
districts r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: S. 0. Lindberg; E. Nyman.
Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Waghorne.

C. Leaves small entire; costa percurrent smooth at back.
Tufts densely radiculose. Capsule small. Habit of D. elonyatum.
60.D.groeDland{cuiU Bridel. — D. labradoricum C. M.; D.
tenuinerve Zetterstedt.

14

^"t-

mi

»UJ

'■^■: '1;

'J

— 202 —

Leaves abruptly narrowed to the pcarcely longer acumen, gen.
broader than in D. elongatum, strongly appressed when dry;
angular cells us. not well-defined, other cells gen. long or the
uppermost shorter; costa very narrow. Capsule curved. Tufts
high pale brown very compact. R. fraiting. — Swamps and
wet rocks in arctic or other northern alps r. Eur. Norway!
Spetsbergen: Berggren; R. Gyllencreutz. Russia near Kola: Brotherus,
com. C. Mueller. Amer. U. JS. Miquelon is).: Delamare, com. Cardot.
Hl.D.Sphagni Wahlenberg ti. lappon.

Leaves as in the last but somewhat larger, more gradually
narrowed, looser appressed or subllexuous; cells as in the last
but the angular more distinct and brown; costa less narrow.
Capsule straight or slightly curved. Tufts somewhat low, not
very compact, often green. — Swamps r. Eur. Norway! Amer.
Can.: Waghorne.

92. Campy lopiis Bridel.

I. Thysanoniitrium. Leaves o^'icn falcate; alur cells short
dilated, separated from leaf-borders by narrow (marginal) cells; other
cells rectangular; costa long-excurrent somewhat narrow.

II. Anotis. Leaves not falcate; alar cells gen. wanting (or
indistinctly evolute), the angular narrow gen. not much defined
from the other basal ones; ui)per cells short irregular; costa
very broad but often short-cxcurrent.

III. £u-Caiiipylopils. Leaves sometimes falcate; alar cells short
dilated well-defined; other cells short gen. irregular; costa sometimes
(in C. Hexuosus) not or scarcely ex(;urrent. Leaves involute above.

I. Tiiysanomitrium Schwa3grichen.
l.C.Ullciliatus Harvey. — Thvsanomitrium Harv.; Campylopus
Kindb. Laubm. S. u. N.; Dicranodontium circinnatum Schimper.

Leaves from half-sheathing base abruptly tapering to a much
longer, subulate acumen, faintly serrulate, patent; alar cells
hyaline fugitive. Tufts green loose. Very r. fruiting. — Sha-
ded rocks princ. in alps r. Eur, Switzorl.! Norway: E Nyman.
Scotland: Fergusson. Austria: Breidler.

II. x\notis Kindberg.

A. Leaf-base whitish glossy. Leaves and branchlets brittle.
Leaves appressed when dry.
2.C.fragilis Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Campylopus Br. eur.

Leaves not involute above; upper cells gen, rhombic; costa
gen. long excurrent, sulcate at back, faintly denticulate at apex.
Tufts tomentose not high. R. fruiting. — Rocks, eap. of sand-
stone, and turfy soil. Eur. not r. Switzerl.l

1.

— '^o;4

t'^E

B. Leaf-base more or less duKky. Leaves and braiichletH
r. brittle. Leaves gen. (exc. C. Schimperi) not appressed.

a. Leaves not involute above; costa long-excurrent. Not r. fruiting.
B.C.piriformis Hchultz, — Dicranum Scliz.; Campylopus Bridel;
C. turfaceus Br. eur.

Upper leaf-cells subrbomboidal; costa sometimes sulcate. Stem
short, radiculose at base. — Heatbs and moorlands. Eur.nntr. Swe-
den: Aokerman, com. Lindberg. England: Holt. Fran^^e: Du Noday.

b. Leaves involute above; costa gen. less long-excurrent.
Very r. fruiting.

4.C.SUblllatus Schimper. — C. brevifolius Br. eur.

Upper leaf-cells gen. rhombic-quadrate, the alar sometimes
nearly distinct; costa faintly sulcate, sometimes hyaline at apex.
Tufts very low without rhizoids. — On stones r. Eur. princ.
in warmer districts. Switzerl.l Belgiuui: Gravet. France: Ber-
thoumieu. Austria: Breidler. Sweden; P. Larsson.
5.C.Heiiirici Renauld et Cardot.

Differs from the last: » Leaves brittle; upper cells longer rect-
angular; costa longer excurrent, not sulcate »: Ren, et Card. —
Amer. r. »U. S.»: R. et C.

6.C. Schimperi Milde. — Leptotrichum tomentosum Kindb.
note on Can. Bryol.

Leaves us. appressed when dry; upper cells oval-rhomboidal;
costa not sulcate. Tufts tonientose often very low, sometimes
high. — Damp rocks princ. in alps r. Eur. Switzerl, Norway!
Austria; Breidler. Engl.: Holt. Amer. Alaska: .J. M. Macoun.

in. Eu Campylopus.

Ai Leaves somewhat short, distinctly denticulate above at
lamina, llexuous when dry; costa long-excurrent gen. without
hyaline hairpoinfc. Capsules unknown.
T.C.Doniiellii Austin. — Dicranum Aust; Campylopus Lq. etJam.

Leaves abruptly attenuate, indistinctly auricled, not large;
upper cells oval-rhombic; costa not sulcate. Tufts greenish to-
mentose not high. — Amer. U. S., Florida: Austin, com. Cardot.
S.C.subleucogaster C. M. — Dicranum ((-nmpylopus) C. M.

» Differs from the last in its dirty yellow color, leaves less
opeii and less abruptly narrowed, costa broader; terminal
branchlets bristle* Lesq. et Jam. — »Lcaves distinctly auricled;
upper cells quadrate; costa serrulate at apex. Tufts loose,
about 3 cm. high. Stem with very short, densely crowded
branches at apex. — Amer. r. U. S., Alabama: Mohr»; C. M.
in Flora 1875.

,}>

;iV:;i'

h

■'h-

•i .-.

'L

'

';

;k

— 204 —

B. Leaves long gen. entire or (in C. Mildei and G. setifolius)
denticulate above, us. appressed when dry; costa long-excurrent.

a. Upper leaves us. with long whitish hairpoint.
9.C.introflexu8 Hedwig. — Dioranum H.; Campylopus Brid,;
C. polytrlchoides Notaris; C. leucotrichus SuU. icon. m.

Leaves straight rigid not distinctly auricled, us. appressed
when dry; basal lamina not involute; upper cells rhomboidal-
oblong or often curved; costa very broad, deeply sulcate. Male
plants with short reddish perigonial leaves. Tufts radiculose
us. green or yellowish, sometimes blackish. Very r. fruiting.
— Dry heaths and rocks. Eur. Switzerl.! Amer. »U. S.»: Sulliv.
lO.C.brevipilus Br. eur.

Differs from the last: Leaves less rigid, sometimes faintly
flexuous; basal lamina partly involute; costa not deeply sulcate,
less broad; hairpoint short sometimes wanting. Tufts nearly
eradiculose us. yellowish. Capsules unknown. — Moist heaths
r. Eur. France: Renauld, com. Husnot.
11 C.atrovirens Notaris.

Leaves not rigid, sometimes llexuouK or falcate, us. auricled; upper
cells gen. oblong or vermicular; costa not deepl}' sulcate,
not very broad. Tufts sparingly radiculose us, blackish or dark
green. Very r. fruiting. — Wet rocks and peaty ground. Eur.
Switzerl.! Norway: R, Hartman. France: Husnot.
*C.adustus Notaris.

Leaves nearly straight, less distinctly auricled; upper cells
often rhomboidal. Tufts blackish brown when dry. Capsules
unknown. — Dry rocks r. Eur. Switzerl. in higher subalp.
region near Faidol
ri.C.gracilicaulis Mitten.

Differs from C. atrovirens in not auricled leaves; upper cells
often rhombic. » Capsule immersed in the comal leaves*: Lesq.
et Jam. Amer. r. U. S., Florida: Austin, com. Cardot.
* C.angnstiretis Austin. — Dicranum Austin; Campylopus
Lesq. et Jam.

» Leaf -cells much longer, sublinear, the alar dirty red. Amer.
U. S., Florida*: Lesq. et Jam.

b* Leaves without disfinct (hyaline) hairpoint, sometimes
(exc. C. Mildei) falcate or r. (in C setifolius) flexuous.
13.C.Mildei Limpricht.

Leaves nearly appressed when dry, straight, less rigid than
in G. ititroflexus, sometimes denticulate above; auricles gen. not
much distinct; upper cells oval-rhuinbic; costa not much deeply

— 205 —

Rulcate. Stem more or lees radiculose, often very long. Tufts
gen. green above, brown below. Capsules unknown. — Dry
and moist rocks r, Eur. Switzerl. near Luganol
H.C.Shawii Wilson.

Leaves not rigid, abruptly attenuate, entire; auricles indistinct;
upper cells oval-rhombic; costa not sulcate, nearly entire. Tufts
tomentose green. Capsules unknown. Habit of Dkranum al-
bicans. — Bogs r. Eur. Scotl.: Shaw, com. Bottini.
IS.C.setifolius Wilson.

Leaves not rigid, denticulate above; auricles large; upper cells
rhombic; costa not sulcate, very rough in upper part. Capsules
clustered; calyptra unknown. Tufts nearly eradiculose, blackish
or dark green; stem ver\ long. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks r.
Eur. Irel.: G. A. Holt.
16.C.Scliwarzii Schimper.

Leaves not rigid, entire, r. falcate; auricles large; upper cells
rhombic-rectangular: coBta sulcate nearly entire. Capsules un-
known. Tufts sparingly radiculose, greenish or blackish, often
high. Habit of Dicranum longifoUum. - Rocks in alps and
near Atlantic sea, Eur. Switzerl. 1 L-el.: Holt. Norway: R. Hart-
man.

* C.niic8.ns Wulfsberg.

Tufts yellowish more radiculose. Leaves often falcate. Pe-
dicels of capsules clustered. — Eur. Norway: Wulfsberg. Swe-
den: P. Larsson.

C. Leaves gen. denticulate above, us. flexuous when dry;
costa not hyaline at apex, us. subpercurrent.
17 C.flexuosiis L. — Bryum L.; Campylopus Bridel.

Leaves often auricled; upper cells suboval-rhomboidal, the
alar us. brown-yellow; costa occupying about half lamina at
base, sulcate only at apex. Tufts us. brown- tomentose. LesB
r. fruiting. — Turfy soil and moist sandstone rocks. Eur. not
r. Switzerl! Amer. r. »U. S.»: SuUiv.
*C. zonal us Molendo.

Leaves more distinctly denticulate; alar cells purplish (as to-
mentum of ntem); costa narrower. — Eur. r. France: Le Jolis.

* C.paradoxiis Wilson.

Leaves gen. entire; costa narrower, percurrent. Tufts less
radiculose. Capsules unknown. — Peaty soil r. Eur. Engl.:
Wood, com. Husnot. Sweden: P. Olsson.

* C.talliileiisis Sull. et Lesq.; Sulliv. icon. m.

Leaves narrower, denticulate near apex; costa percurrent.

1!

1

I.'

If! t

I

ir ' : ■:

'Si-'' >'>J
fi:-^ Mi i

it' 1 'i!

fi

"

»» 'i

— 206 —

Tufts sparingly radiculose, yellowish green. Capsules unknown.
— Wet rocks r. — Amer. »U. S.»: SuUivant.

93. Dicranella Schimper.

I. Anisotheciuni. Leaves spreading, from sheathing base ho-
rizontally patent or deflexed. Capsule indined; pedicel red.

II. Pseud-Oiicoplioriis. Leaves flexuous or erect-patent, not
spreading. Capsule inclined distinctly necked and strumose;
pedicel yellow (reddish only when old).

III. Eli-Dicranella. Leaves not spreading. Capsule not di-
stinctly necked; pedicel red or (in D. heteromalla) yellow.

I. Anisothecium (Mitten) Lindberg.

A. Leaves large gradually tapering to the broad acumen.
Stem us. high. R. fruiting.

l.D.squarrosa Starke. — Dicranum St.; Dicranella Schimp.

Leaves with nearly entire often obtuse acumen; upper cells
oval or suboblong; costa not percurrent. Capsule large not
striate. — Moors princ. in alps. Eur. not r. Norway (fruit.),
Sweden, Switzerl.l Engl, (fruit.): Manchester Cryptog. Society.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves less large abruptly tapering to the long subulate
acumen. Stem us. \o\v.

2.D.Schreberi Swartz. — Dicranum Sw.; Dicranella Schimp.;
Cynodontium canadense Mitten; Dichodontium Lq. et Jam.

Leaves with an in upper part serrulate acumen; cells irregular
often rhomboidal, upper suboblong; costa percurrent. Capsule
smooth not large. — Clay soil not r. Eur. Sweden!; Lindberg;
M. Huss. Engl: Holt. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
S.D.Grevillei Bryol. eur.

Leaves entire; cells oblong-lanceolate; costa excurrent. Cap-
sule small finally striate or sulcate, indistinctly strumose. —
Clay soil princ. in alps r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.l Sweden: M.
Huss. Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

II. Pseud-Oncophorus Kindb.
4.D.cerviculata Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves from half-sheathing base abruptly narrowed to a long
subulate acumen, us. flexuous or crisped; cells narrow irregular;
costa broad long-excurrent. Capsule finally plicate; teeth cleft
to middle. Tufts yellowish green. — Bare soil on wet heaths
and in ditches. Eur. common. SwedenI Amer. Can.: Macoun.
* D.piisilla Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Dicranella Sch.

»Plant8 smaller. Leaves shorter, nearly straight and not

— 207 —

flexuons. Capsule very small, less distinctly strumose. — Higher
alp. region r. Eur. Switzerl.»: Schimper.
5.B.po1aris Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1893.

Differs from D. cerviciilata: Plants smaller. Leaves shorter
nearly straight and not flexuous; upper cells suboblong; costa
broader, lilling the whole acumen. Capsule very small and
not striate, less distinctly strumose; teeth nearly entire or faintly
cleft. Stem very short. — Arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska; J. M.
Macoun.
6.D.cervicHlatiila Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from D. cerviculata: Leaves gradually narrowed; cells
short quadrate, only the inner basal narrow; costa narrower
and well-defined, only in perichetial leaves distinctly excurrent.
Tufts dark green. — Amer. r. Can. Hudson Strait: R. Bell,
com. Macoun.

in. Eu-Dicranella.

A. Leaves channelled; costa longexcurrent.

a. Leaves abruptly acuminate from the us. half-sheathing
base

T.D.secunda Swartz. — Dicranum Sw. 1795; Dicranella Lind-
berg; D. subulata (Hedwig 1801) Schimper.

Leaves entire with suboblong base, subfalcate not crisped;
lower cells narrow, the upper oblong; costa gen. entire. Capsule
cernuous finally sulcate; teeth cleft to middle; lid long-rostrate;
annulus revoluble. — Wet stony ground princ. in alps. Eur.
not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzer!.! Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.:
J. Macoun. Alaska: ,T. M. Macoun.
* D.curyata Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves with shorter base; costa denticulate above. Perichetial
leaves not convolute. Capsule us. erect. — Wet sandstone
rocks r. Eur. Germany: Huebner. France: Boulay, com. Hus-
not. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
H.D.crispa Ehrhart. — Dicranum Ehrh.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves entire with subovate base, crisped when dry; cells
gen. narrow; costa minutely denticulate near apex. Capsule
erect finally bjlcate; teeth red-brown cleft to middle; lid long-
rostrate; annulus not wholly revoluble. — Sandy ground. Eur.
not r. Norway, Sweden! Engl.: Holt. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
9.D.parYUla Kindb. bull. Torr. club 1889.

Leaves crenulate all around with subovate base, crisped or
curved when dry; basal cells long linear, upper oblong-quadrate;
costa denticulate above. Capsule inclined or suberect; teeth

mi

!{■!;■ till ■

■ J:

.■V,!

. 1 ■' '

li.

'^fi ?f

■

— 208 -

orange nearly partite; lid short Bubobtuse or apiculate; annulus
scarcely loosed; pedicel pale red. Stem very short. — Earth
in higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts 1950 metr. a.
6.: Macoun.

b. Leaves gradually acuminate from not sheathing base.
Pedicel yellow.
lO.D.heteromalla L. — Bryum L.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves flexuous or straight when dry, sometimes denticulate;
lower cells long, upper shorter; costa broad us. denticulate
near apex. Capsule nitid orange more or less oblique and in-
clined, r. suberect, finally sulcate; teeth cleft to middle; lid
long-rostrate. Tufts us. green often soft and silky like. —
Damp earth and rocks common. Enr. Sveden, Norway, Germany,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M,
Macoun. U. S.: com. MaCoun (a variety with longer not di-
stinctly sulcate capsule).

* D. Fitzgerald! Renauld et Cardot.

Capsule suberect and subsymmetric. — Amer. U. S.: Fitzge-
rald, com. Cardot.

B. Leaves carin.'.te gradually acuminate not sheathing; costa
gen. not excurrent. Capsule not or indistinctly striate. Tufts
low us. not shining. ' ' ' *

a. Leaves entire, recurved below; alar cells us. dilated.
ll.Dtrubra Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dicranella Brotherus;
D. varia Schimper; D. Howei and D. Langloisii Renauld et
Cardot.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong us. nearly straight:
upper scarcely longer; cells gen. narrow exc. the alar. Capsule
incHned red-brown us. oblique; teeth us. not deeply cleft; lid
rostellate not longer than half capsule; annulus none. Tufts
yellowish green. — Damp clay soil and rocks. Eur. common.
Sweden, Switzerl.! Italy: Arcangeli. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Sullivant; Howe; Langlois, com. Cardot (a var. with short
leaves).

* D.callistoina Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dicranella Sch.

Capsule smaller, subsymmetric often erect, gen. not longer
than lid. — Rocks princ. in subalp. distr. r. Eur. Engl.: Rogers.
France: Le Jolis. Greece: Heldreich.

I'i.D.debiiis Hooker et Wilson. — Dicranum H. W.; SuUiv.
ic. m.; Dicranella Lq. et Jam.; D, leptotrichoides Ren. et Card.

Differs from D. rubra *callistoma: Capsule annulate; teeth
nearly partite. Upper leaves much longer than the lower. —

f

— 209 —

Ditches nnd roadsides r. Amer. U. S.: Sulliv. ct Lei^q., com.
Renanld; Lnngloie, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves serrulate above, not recurved; alar cells not de-
fined.
IS.B.riifoscens Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves longer upwards, nearly straight or curved: the upper-
most narrowly ovate-lanceolate; cells less narrow than in D.
rubra Capsule symmetric blood-red us. erect; teeth cleft nearly
to middle; lid rostellate us. half as long as capsule; annulus
none. Tufts often rufescent. Male plants resembling a Phascum.

— Wet clay and stony ground. Eur. not r. Sweden: R. Hart-
n)an; M. Huss. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Ma-
coun.

* D.hiiitiilis Ruthe.

- Capsule inclined and curved when dry. Leaves pale green,
the upper more flexuous. — Sandy and clay soil r. Eur. Nor-
way: N. Bryhn.

94. Dicraiioweisia Lindberg.

A. Leaves recurved gradually acuminate; costa not excur-
rent. Peristomial teeth not cleft; annulus revoluble.
l.D.cirrata L. — Mnium L.; Dicranoweisia Lindb.

Leaves subulate acuminate; alar cells not well-defined; costa
subpei'current. Perichetial leaves abruptly narrowed to a shor-
ter acumen; costa vanishing below it. Capsule erect cylindric
pale or yellowish brown. Tufts pale green. — Logs and rocks
not r. Eur. Sweden, Switzcrl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves not recurved. Peristomial teeth us. cleft; annu-
lus indistinct.

«. Leaves abruptly acuminate; costa not excurrent. Capsule
straight symmetric. Perichetial leaves very short.
2.1) Ci'ispiiia Htdwig. — Weisia H.; Dicranoweisia Lindb.

Leaves with long subulate channelled acumen; alar cells
well-defined Capsule pale brown us. oval-oblong, or cylindric
when young, r. cylindric when old; teeth sometimes entire.
Perichetial leaves short-apiculate. Tufts brown or blackish
when dry. — Rocks princ. in alps, common in alp. regions.
Eur. Norway, Switzerl.I Sweden: Miss 0. Cron. Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Amer, Green!.: Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Hendcison, com. Cardot.
B.D.COmpacta Schleicher. — Grimmia Schl.; Dicranoweisia
Schimp.

Dithers from the last: Leaves with sublinear not long often

m

M. I

r

('M:'i'}' ■■'?

'J"

'■;

V

— 210 —

obtuse ncumcn: pericbetial longer-apiculate. Capsule suboval
red-brown smaller. Tufts lower often green. — Rocks in higher
alp. regions r. Eur. Switzerl.l; Scbimper. Italy: Husnot m.
gall. Norway: R. Hartnian. Sweden: E. Adlerz; E. Nymnn.

b. Lea\'es nearly gradually long subulate; costa excurrent.
Perirhetial leaves long-acuminate. Tufts green. Capsule small.
4.D.Roellii Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 59.

Alar leaf-cells not well-defined or rectangular. Pericbetial
leaves abruptly narrowed to a by costa often wholly filled
acumen. Capsule red-brown round-oval symmetric not strumose;
pedicel tiexuous or arcuate when dry, not long. Tufts very
compact. — Rocks in higher alp. region r. Amer. U. S. Oregon
mt Hood 2400 metr. a. s. near a glacier: J. Rocll.
5.D.obIiqua Kindb. note on Canad, bryol. 1893.

Alar leaf-cells quadrate well-defined. Pericbetial leaves less
abruptl}' acuminate, not filled by costa in lower part of acumen.
Capsule pale brown suboblong inclined curved or subobovate
with very small mouth, often strumose; pedicel long straight
or slightly curved. — Stones in alp. region r. Amer. Pacif.
di^tr. Can. Brit. Col.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

95 Oncopbonis Bridel.
l.O.yirens Swartz. — Bryum Sw.; Oncophorus Brid.; Cyno-
dontium Scbimper; C. Demetrii Ren. et Card. ?

Leaves refiexed at borders, from suboblong base less abruptly
tapering to the attenuate acute entire or in upper part densely
denticulate acumen, more or less crisped when dry. Pericbetial
leaves abruptly acuminate to the long-excurrent costa. Capsule
subovate. — Rocks princ. in alps. Eur. common in alps.
Norway, Switzerl.l Sweden: P. Dusen. Amer. Can.: Macoun;
VVaghorne.
2.0.Wahlenbergii Bridol.

Leaves not reflexed, from broad base abruptly tapering to a
Bublinear entire or at apex obsoletely denticulate acumen, much
crisped. Pericbetial leaves le.^^s abruptly tapering to a by costa
not wholly filled acumen. Capsule subovate or subobovate. —
Alp. swamps and rocks. Enr. not common. Norway! Sweden:
Arnell. Italy: Payot, com. Husnot. Amer. Can. common in
eastern colder districts: J. Macoun; Drummond; Waghorne.
Greenl.: Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun; Palmer-
* O.compactus Funck. — Dicranum Funck; Oncophorus
Kindb.

Leaves entire smaller. Stem and pedicel shorter; capsule

'

7

— 211 —

smaller. — Rocks in alp. princ. arctic districts r. Amer. Greenl.:
Vanhoeffen. Can.: Waghorne. Eur. »Sweden»: Hartman.
96. Ilhabdoweisia Bryol. eur.

A. Perifitoinial teeth brittle us. with broad base. Leaves
gradually acuminate us. entire.

l.R.Striafa Schrader. — Grimmia Schrad. 1799; Rhabdoweisia
Kindb.; Weisia fugax Hedwig 1801.

Jjcaves Bublinoar acute, curled when dry. Capsule suboval
pale ferruginoup; pedicel yellow very short. — Fissures of rocks.
Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. r. Can. Sudbury
Junction: Macoun.

B. Peristomial teeth persistent subulate. Leaves obtusate
serrulate above.

2.R.crispata Dickson. — Bryum Dicks. 1793; Rhabdoweisia
Kindb.; Weisia denticulata Bridel 1806.

Leaves linear acute, more or less curled. Capsule suboblong
brownish; pedicel yellow. — Fissures of rocks. Eur. somewhat
r. Sweden, Switzerl.l Engl.: Rogers. Amer. r. Can.: Drummond,
C(»m. jvlacoun.

SR.crenulata Mitten. — Didymodon Mitt.; Rhabdoweisia
Jameson; Oncophorus Braithwaite.

Leaves sublinear gen. obtuse, broader and more strongly
serrulate than in the last, not much curb''.; cells larger. Cap-
sule oval rufous or reddish; teeth sometimes cleft; pedicel finally
pale red. — Wet rocks r. Eur. France cascade d'Enfer near
Bagneres de Luchon 1855! Engl.: T. Rogers.

97. Oreas Bridel.
l.O.Martii Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Weisia Hop. et Hsch.;
Oreas Brid.; Oncophorus Lindb.

Leaves entire sublinear acuminate or with broader base, re-
curved below. Capsule suboval rostellate; pedicel arcuate when
moist. Tufts very dense often high. — Rocks in alp. regions
r. Eur. Switzerl.l Austria: Schimper.

Fam. 22. SeligepiacesB.

98. Seligeriu Bruch et Schimper.
1. Anodlis. Peristome none, Leaves denticulate.
IL Eu-Seligeria. Peristome present. Leaves entire or (some-
times in S. pusilla) faintly crenulate.

I. A nod us Bryol. eur.
l.S.Donii Smith. — Gymnostomum Sm.; Seligeria C. M.
Leaves channelled shortish; costa long-excurrent. Capsule

I

-m.

m

m

■J'

■'\flC:

A", 4

Wy:l

— 212 —

piriform; pedicel ptrniglit. StemR very phort not tufted. —
Limeptone and pnndstone rockn, Eur. Switzerl.I Sweden: J.
Hulling. Norway: Arnell. Engl.: Rogers. Amer. Can.: Drum-
mond; Macoun. •

n. Eu-Seligeria.
A. Leaves long Bubulate-acuininate plurifarioup; conta ub. ex-
current.

a. Stern very phort. Capsule piriform or subclavate.
2.S.recurvata Hedwig. — Grimmia H.; Seligeria Br. et Sch.;
S. petacea (Wulfen) Lindb.

Leaves witli long-excurrent costa. Capsule piriform; teeth obtuse
or subacute; pedicel us, arcuate. Loosely tufted. — On sand-
stone. Eur. not r. Sweden, Italy, Switzerl.l Engl.: Rogprs.
Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

* S.erecta Philibert. — sWcisia Seligeri Hooker ot Wilson*:
Lq. et Jam.

liCaves shorter. Pedicel us. straight erect. — Rocks r. Eur.
Switzerl: Philibert. Amer. »lJ. S,: Drummond*: Lcsq. et Jam.
3.S.])ll.silla Ehrhart. — Afzelia Ehrh.; Seligeria B. S.

Leaves of fruiting stem with a not distinctly excurrent costa.
Capsule piriform erect; teeth obtuse; pedicel straight. Loosely
tufted. — Damp shad}' rocks of limestone or sandstone. Eur.
Switzerl.l Sweden: E. Adlerz. Norway: E. Nyman. Engl.:
Whitehead. Amer. »Can. and U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* S.acutifolia Lindberg.

Leaves witli more distinctly excurrent costa. Pedicel often
very short. — Eur. r. Engl.: Rogers.

4.8.|)ailcifolia Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Seligeria Carruthers;
Braithwaite; S. subcernua Schimper.

Leaves with us. short-excurrent costa. Capsule subclavate
sometimes inclined; toeth acute; pedicel suberect Hexuous. —
Chalk blocks r. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite.

b. Stem somewhat high about 1 c. m. Capsule subglobose
or oval.

S.S.poIaris Berggren.

Leaves with long excurrent ( osta. Capsule subglobose; teeth
subacute somewhat long; pedicel exported not or slightly cur-
ved. Densely tufted. — On earth in arctic district r. Eat.
Spetsbergen: Berggren, com. A. G. Nathorst.
O.S.SUbillimersa Lindborg musci scandinav.

»DiiTer6 from S. recurvaia in the stem- higher, to 1 c. m.;
angular leaf-cells dicranoid; capsule oval scarcely emergent

V'.

— 2i;^ —

above perichetial leaven; tultn very dense. — Eur r. Finl.:
JSilun*; Lindberg.

B. LenveH short us. obtune. Stem low.

a. Leaves obtuse, triHtichous princ. on sterile shootH. Stem
and shoots soiucwhat elongate. Capsule piriform with straight
pedicel; teeth obtuse.

T.S.tristiclia Bridel. — Weisia Brid.; Seligeria B. S.

Leaves sublinoar; co.sta distinctly excunent. Periclictial
leaves gradually acuminate; costa long-excurrent. — Dripping
calcareous rocks r. Eur. p]ngl.: llogcrs; Cash. France: Boulay.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.
8.8.tristichoides Kindb. revue bryol. 1890. : :.

Leaves sublinear, broader than in the last; costa not distinctly
excurrent. Perichetial leaves abruptly acuminate; costa per-
current or short-excurrent. — Eur. r. Norway in northern di-
strict: Schlcg(il and Arnell; K. Nyman.

b. Leaves plurifarious. Stem and shoots very short.
9.S.calearea Dickson. — Bryum Dicks ; Seligeria B. S.

Leaves subovate abruptly attenuate; (;osta excurrent. Capsule
piriform erect; teeth obtuse; pedicel straight. — Calcareous or
schistaceous rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.i France: Husuot in. gall,
Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun. .

* S.crassiiiervis Lindberg.

» Capsule inclined; teeth acute; pedicel slightly curved at
apex. — Eu)'. r. Sweden»: Lindberg.

lO.S.diversifolia Lindberg. — S. compacta Phiiibert rev. bryol.
1897 ? _ .

Leaves (also the perichetial) sublinear or narrowly ovatc-oblong,
gradually attenuate obtuse; costa not excurrent. Capsule erect
narrowly piriform; teeth subobtuse; pedicel straight. — Calca-
reous rocks r. Eur. Finl.; Brotherus.

* S.obliqiiula Lindberg.

Capsule broader; teeth acute; pedicel slightly curved when
dry. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld: Kaurin.
ll.S.campylopoda Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves as in the last but the upper perichetial acute or
subacute. Capsule narrowly piriform finally sulcate; pedicel
strongly arcuate when moist. — Calcareous rocks r. Eur. A.
Blytt and H. W. Arnell. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

99. Brachydontiuiii Bruch.
l.B.tricllodes Weber iil. — Gyuuiostomum W. f.; Brachydon-
tium Bruch.

\w

.11.

::|l

■\! i

K , 5( i

1,

— 214 —

TienveH ovntevohlong sliortcr than the by costa nearly wholly
filled point, curled when dry. Capsule oblong Hukate when
dry; teeth pale truncate not reaching uhovo annulun; lid rostel-
late; pedicel erect. Stems not tufted. — HocIcr. Eur. ])rinc.
in middle and south, dintr. Germany! France: Houlay. Austria:
Breidler. Amer. »U. S.»: Lcnq. ct Jam.

100. Trochofnwiini Hrcidler et Beck.
l.T.carniolicuni Breidler et Beck.

Leaves subovate-ohlong; the upper flexuous or deflexed with
a many times longer costa. Capsule rotundate or round-oval
not sulcate; teeth blood-red truncate; lid systylic convex with
short thick point; pedicel erect. — Moist calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Serbia: Hie, com. C. Mueller.

101. Biiildia Bruch et Schimper.

I. Eii-liliiidia. Capsule exsertcd; lid soon deciduous; peri-
stome present. Dioecious.

II. Stylostegiuni. Capsule immersed; lid often systylic; peri-
stome none. Monoecious.

I. Eu-Blindia.
l.B.acilta Hudson. — Bryum Huds.; Blindia Br. eur.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate gradually acuminate, nearly
straight, gen. not much longer than the excurrent part of costa;
alar cells red large (piadrate; costa us. smooth. Perichetial
leaves abruptly acuminate larger. Capsule suboval-piriform or
globose with short neck; lid red > jstrate; teeth red; annulus
not distinct; pedicel straight reddish. Tufts us, brown. —
Wet rocks princ. in alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Nor-
way, Switzerl.l Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. Greenl.:
Vanhoeffen.
2.B.flexipes (Renauld et Cardot as var.) Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves as in the last but often falcate; costa denticulate
above, shorter excurrent. Perichetial leaves gradually acuminate.
Capsule as in the last; pedicel ilexuous arcuate yellow above.
Tufts green or yellowish green. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Howell, com. Cardot.

II. Stylostegium Bryol. eur.
S.B.caBSpiticia Schwagrichen. — Anoectangium Schw.; Blindia
C. Mueller.

Leaves suboblong gradually acuminate nearly straight; alar
cells brown subquadrate; costa long-excurrent. Perichetial leav-n
less gradually acuminate and very much larger; costa shoi'-
excurrent. Capsule obovate or turbinate; lid yellow-rostrate;

1

— t\n —

pedicel straij^ht yellowihli. RoHotnhlinjr Hiimll foniiH of H. acuta
in habit. — Alp. roekw r. Eur. Noiwayl Hcotl.: Hunt.

Fan.. '28 Grimmiace8B.

102. (.Irimmia Elnliart.

A. LeavoH spinilly twisted about ntcni when (h-y.

1. Streptophylllim. Leaf-colls more or lean sinuoUH. Capsule
exserted sniootli; i)edicel longer, us. dellexed; lid not systylic;
peristome present. Dioecious r. fruiting.

B. Leaves not spirally twisted.

IL Eu-Orilliniia. Leaf cells not distinclly sinuous. Capsule
shorter than the gen. exserted pedicel; lid not systylic; peri-
stome present.

a. Leaves smooth obtusate entire and not sheathing, ai)presRed
when dry and not patent when moist; cells large; hairpoint
very short or wanting. Dioecious.

1. Molliformes. Leaves large. Tufts gen. loose. Stem
elongate.

2. Yelutinte. Leaves very small. Tufts compact pulvinate
very low.

b. Leaves smooth or (in G. aespificia) papillose, ub. acu-
minate, patent when moist; cells small; hairpoint often long.
Often monoecious. Tufts us. })ulvinate.

8. PiilviliatiB. Leaves gradually narrowed or obtuse, not
sheathing; cells us. short. Capsule often striate; pedicel often
curved.

4. Alpostriformes. Leaves abruptly narrowed from half-
sheathing base; basal cells often long. Capsule not striate;
pedicel r. curved.

C. J^eaves papillose crenulate, appressed when dry; cells
small.

5. AndreJPOideJB. Capsules unknown.

III. Pseudo-Raconiitriiliii. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or subli-
near; cells (princ. the upper basal) sinuous, the inner basal
narrow-linear. Capsule as in Eu-Grimmia.

a. Leaves carinate above, often recurved below.

aa. Leaves (princ. the younger) papillose. Dioecious.

1. Papillosa^. Leaves not crisped but often nearly appressed
when dry Pedicel of capsule arcuate.

bb. Lk 'ves smooth. Often monoecious.

2. Crii^pul*. Leaves very narrow sublinear us. crisped.
Pedicel of .»p»ule arcuate or straight. Dioecious very r. fruiting.

m

it

It".:.- 'I

— 21()

n*

i

I

3. Tricliopli,vHol<105P. Leaven less narrow, ovute-liinceolate
not crisped. Capsule often striate-pulcate; pedicel arcuate when
moifit. Plants often robust.

4. Ovata'forines. Leaves ovate-lanceolate not crisped. Cap-
sule smooth; pedicel not arcuate. Plants gen. not robust.

b. Leaves channelled above, not recurved.

5. Unicoloriforiiies. Leaves smooth us. narrowly ovate-
lanceolate, not or faintly crisped; upper cells us. opake. Pe-
dicel straight or arcuate, sometimes not emergent. Dioecious.

IV. Pseudo-Schistidiuiii. Leaf-cells sometimes sinuous. Cap-
sule immersed longer than pedicel; lid not systylic.

1. Plliferje. Leaves chamielled or near apex carinate, re-
curved below at both sides; cells sinuous. Peristome present.
Dioecious.

2. Crinilsp. Leaves concave not recurved; cells often not
sinuous. Peristome present or wanting. Us. monoecious.

V. Schistidium. Leaf-cells sometimes sinuous. Capsule im-
mersed longer than pedicel; lid systylic. Monoecious.

1. Platyphylloideae. Leaves channelled; cells gen. not
sinuous.

2. Apocarpfleforines. Leaves carinate; cells not r, sinuous.

I. Streptophyllum Kindb.
A. Leaves sublinear-subulate, gradually or nearly gradually
narrowed from the not distinctly sheatV.hig and (when moist)
not appressed base; hairpoint short often wanting,

l.G.torqu'.tta Hornschuch.

Leaves gradually narrowed, open when moist; cells thick-
walled finally yellow, nearly all rectangular and sinuous; costa
pellucid. Tufts not cohering finally yellowish (when moist).
Capsule with arcuate {)edicel. — Jlocks princ. below alps, Eur.
Sweden!; Lindberg. Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.: Macoun,
U. S. fruiting: Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.
2.G.I)rolifera C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves nearly gradually narrowed, spreading when moist;
cells thin- walled faintly yellowish: basal narrow-rectangular and
more or less sinuous, uppf subquadrate not sinuous; costa
faintly j)ellucid. Tufts coherin ; blackish below. Capsules
unknown. Stem sometimes proliferous with long green loosely
foliated shoots. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun;
N. Foundl.: Waghorne.

;

— 217 —

B. Leaves abruptly narrowed from sheathing base; upper
cells short quadrate not sinuous; hairpoint often long.
S.G.ftmalis Schwsegrichen. — Trichostomum Schw.; Grimmia
Schimp.

Leayes with subulate acumen, shorter than in G. torquata
and not large, us. brown when moist; cells not yellow: basal
rectangular, middle short-rectangular or subquadrate sinuous,
upper dusky very email and not well-defined; costa brown
opake; hairpoint often long. Capsule with arcuate pedicel.
Tufts not cohering, blackish or r. pale brown. Less r. fruiting.
— Alp. rocks. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.l Sweden: R.
Hartman. France: Husnot. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.
4.G.tortifolia Kindb. enumer. bryin. dovrens. — G. strepto-
phylla Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Leaves small and short, subovate-oblong with acute or sub-
obtuse acumen, us. dark green when moiiit; cells gen. not
yellow: nearly all quadrate and not distinctly sinuous, only the
lowest basal rectangular hyaline; upper cells well-defined larger
than in the last and not dusky; costa not opake; hairpoint
very short ub. wanting. Capsules unknown. Tufts densely
cohering, dark green when dry. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway
in Dovrefjeld!

* G.calvescens Kindb. enum. bryin. dovr. — G. imberbis
Kindb. botan. notiser.

Leaves small subovate or subovate-oblong gen. obtuse, green
when moist; cells not (or r. faintly) yellow: all basal rectangu-
lar, the middle faintly sinuous. Capsule suberect with nearly
straight pedicel. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.i
Sweden: E. Nyman. Austria: Venturi, Amer. U. S.: Roell.

* O.pelliicida Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. B4.

Leaves larger and longer, ovate-lanceolate subacute bright
green; cells pale pellucid, nearly all quadrate and not distinctly
sinuous; costa pellucid. Capsules unknown. Tufts pale green
when dry. — Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col. and Vane, isl.: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell.

* O.psc'ido-torquata Kindb. n. subsp. •' *'■• *^ '' •'

Leaves somewhat larger, ovate-lanceolate acute, green or the
uppermost yellow when moist; basal and middle cells sinuous
and rectangular; costa nearly opake. Capsules unknown. Ha-
bit of G. prolifera. — Alp. and subalp. rocks r. Eur. Norway
in Dovrefjeld and Gudbrandsdall Sweden in Jemtland: P.
Du86n.

J;

— 218

IM

I

, ■ <M ^ I

I*

*G.Ryani Kaurin.

Resembling a large form of G. funalis and more robust.
Leaves large broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, gen. browninh or
the uppermost pale yellow when moist; basal and middle cells
sinuous and rectangular; costa brown opake; hairpoint often
present. Capsule with arcuate pedicel. Tufts gen. not or loosely
cohering when moist, brown when dry, often high. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. Norway!; Ryan, com. E. Nyman.

II. Eu-Grimmia. ;,;.,; ;-,>,',i, ,

.; . .. ; 1. MoUiformes. ;> ,,:^.^,i,. . tn,. •-^ni

S.G.moliis Br. eur. — G. orthotrichoides Hartman.

Leaves crowded not carinato, oval-ovate or broadly ovate-
oblong; those of stem gen i.cute, those of branches obtuse;
the acute leaves often furnished with a short hairpoint, the
others muticous. Perichetial leaves short- acuminate often with
longer hairpoint. Capsule smooth euboval not wholly exserted
above perichetial leaves; lid short- apiculate; pedicel straight
longer than capsule; calyptra cucullate. Tufts cohering and
brown-green when dry, about 2 c. ni. or lower. R. fruiting. —
Moist alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway: IIj. Holmgren, detector of
this species. Sweden: E. Nyman. France: Husnot. Amer,
Greenl.: Berggrcn. i.-ti [-iv: -

* G.submersa Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves obtuse muticous decurrent loosely disposed; the peri-
chetial obtuse or subacute r. with short hyaline point. Capsule
wholly exserted. Tufts dark greon, lets or not cohering. Stem
3 — 5 c. m. or much longer. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks in
alp. rivulets r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin.

2. VeiUi^ince. . , / • ; i ,)■//;-.

6.G.Maimia) C. Mueller in Flora 1887. ;!,-..„fLw, a

Leaves broad-ovate subobtuso, carinate above, not recurved;
cells subquadrate, the upper dusk\'; hairpoint sometimes present.
Capsule suboval red-brown not stiate; lid conic; pedicel arcuate
or finally erect. Tufts dark green when dry, about 0,5 c. m,
high. — Amer. r. U. S. Calif.: Mrs Mann, com. C. Mueller.
T.G.yelutina Kindb. revue bryol. 1896. — j^G. Manniee* cat.
Can. m.

Leaves as in the last but recauved all around and not cari-
nate; cells subtjuadrate pellucid; hairpoint r. present. Tufts
brown and velvetlike when dry, low as in the last but more
compact. Capsules unknown. — Dry rocks r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun. ..; < iiu

i

I

219 —

3. Pulvinatoe.

A. Leaves cnrinate above. Pedicel of capsule arcuate when
young and moist. Us. monoecious.

S.G.pnlyinata L. — Bryum L.; Grimmia Smith.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong, more or less recurved below. Cap-
sule emergent brown striate either oval-oblong rostellate or
bro^d-oval with mamillate lid; calyptra mitriform. Tufts 1 — 2
c. li.. high. — Rocks and stone- walls in lower districts. Eur.
not uncommon. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl.l Greece: Heldreich.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* G.Philiberti Britton in Torr. hot. club XVIII, 2. '* "*'""''

» Leaves narrower, recurved all around, often with propagula;
bdsa^ cells rectangular. Capsule smooth; lid rostellate. Dioe-
cious. — Amer. r. Idaho: Leiberg»: Britton 1. c. ,

O.G.orbicularis Bruch.

Lower leavei, ovate-oblong, the upper ovate-lanceolate not
recurved at one side. Capsule emergent brown suboval faintly
striate; lid obtuse; calyptra cucullate. Tufts about 1 c. m.
high. — On stone. Eur. princ. in southern distr,, somewhat
r. Germany: Schimper. France: Zetterstedt. Italy: Arcangeli.
Engl.: Rogers.

B. Leaves neither carinate nor recurved. Capsule not striate;
pedicel not arcuate when moist. Dioecious.

lO.G.caiiipestris Burchell. — G. leucophaia Greville. :

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtuse concave; basal cells
subquadrate; liairpoint nearly smooth and long. Capsule oval
reddish brown scarcel emergent; lid short-apiculate; aunulus
revoluble; nalyptra mitriform. Tufts about 1,5 c. m. high. —
Siliceous rcks. Eur. not r. in lower districts. Sweden, Switzerl.l
Amer. U. S. Roell. , , ,

* G.sarcocal} Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves wit., more distinctly denticulate hairpoint. Capsule
broad-oval more emergent by the twice longer pedicel; lid obli-
quely rostellate. — Subalp. regions r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
ll.G.tenella C. Mueller. • ^

Leaves ovate-lanceolate channelled; lowest basal cells short-
rectangular; hairpoint short or none. Capsule oblong pale brown
small; lid apiculate or rostellate: calyptra cucullate; pedicel
curved when dry. Tufts about 1,5 c. m. high, blackish when
dry. — Rocks in alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
U. 8.: Roell.

-■<(

^:|>

^|1

ii> ^.

!

— 220 —

4. Alpestriformes.

A. Leaves distinctly sulcate, papillose above and carinate;
ri.O.Ciespiticia Biidel. — Dryptodon Brid.; Grimmia Juratzka.
G sulcata Sauter.

Leaves ovate-oblong obtuse, not recurved below, suberect
when moistened; basal cells short; hairpoint very short us.
wanting. Capsule oblong- cylindric chestnut-brown; lid conic;
pedicel straight. Tufts olive-green 0,5 — 2 c ni. high, very
dense. Dioecious. — Rocks and stone-walls r. Eur. Switzerl.!
Austria: Schimper. France: Husnot.
*G.arctica C. Mueller. ,.,.. .,. ,. ,

» Leaves shorter, cucullate at apex. — Amer. Greenl. »: CM.
in Lange, Greenl. fl.

B. Leaves not or (sometimes in G. alpestris) faintl}' sulcate,
smooth.

a. Leaves channelled, not recurved below. Capsule long-
exserted. Us. dioecious.

IB.G.COilliiiutata Huebener. — Dicranum ovatum Swartz;
Grimmia Weber et Mohr.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, flat or subinvolute above, patent
when moist, the uppermost much larger; basal cells long, the
upper short and opake; hairpoint rough not long, sometimes
Avanting. Capsule oval brown; lid rostellate; annulus broad;
pedicel straight. Tufts very loose, grayish green above, brown
or blackish below, 2 — 4 centim. high. Dioecious. — Rocks,
gen. siliceous, princ. below alps. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl. I Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

14.(jr.teretiiiervis Limpricht.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, involute nearly all
around, suberect when moist; nearly all cells short; hairpoint
us. wanting. Tufts blackish. Stem often with brood-corpuscles.
Capsules unknown. — Calcareous rocks r. ^ur. Switzerl. I Austria:
Gander. Greece: Hausskrecht.

15.G.arctopliila Kindb. rev. bryol. 1896. '

Leaves ovate-oblong, involute above, suberect when moist,
appressed when dry, the uppermost not larger; basal cells gen.
short, the upper short opake; hairpoint not long. Capsule
suboblong brownish; lid apiculate; annulus indistinct; pedicel
straight. Tufts cohering us. blackish when dry, about 3 c. m.
high. — Amer. r. Greenl.: Berggren. Can. Cypress hills:
Macoun. . • • , m

— 221 —

* G.lal)radorfca Kindb. n. subsp. =•'•.''' fi-.nBi '».''

Tufts about 1 c. m. high, brown-g-een. Inner (lower) basal
leaf-cells long. Lid of capsule obliquely rostellate. — Amer.
r. Can.: Northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.
16 O.tenerrima Renauld et Cardot. — G. nivalis Kindb. bull.
Torr. club XVIL '^?.' '^ ' ■: " ■ s

Leaves very broad at base, broadly ovate-oblong, us. recurved
in upper part, patent when moist, the uppermost not larger;
basal cells short somewhat large, the upper short oprke; hair-
poin^ us. wanting, in perichetial leaves somewhat long. Cap-
sule oblong-oval brownish; lid muticous or obliqnely rostellate;
annulus indistinct; pedicel us. curved when dry. Tufts us.
cohering, blackish when dry, about 1 c. m. high. — Rocks in
alp. region r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell;
Henderson, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves carinate. Capsule us. not exserted above peri-
chetial leaves. •
IT.G.moiitaiia Br3'^ol. eur.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, not recurved below, patent when
moist; basal cells long; hairpoint long and rough. Capsule
oval-oblong reddish brown; lid rostellate; annulus nearly indi-
stinct; pedicel straight distinctly exserted above perichetial
leaves. Tufts cohering us. green, about 1 — 2 c. m. high.
Dioecious. — Rocks also below alps. Eur. not r. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.l Germany: Schimper. Amer. r. Can., Brit.
Col.: Macoun. '^ = ' . - ■ .-.• u

IS.G.alpestris Schleicher.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, not recurved
below, gen. patent when moist; bnsal cells short; hairpoint long
nearly smooth. Capsule brown us, oblong-C3'lindric; lid muti-
cous; annnius indistinct; pedicel straight. Tufts us. cohering,
blackish or grayish green when dry, glaucous green when moist,
about 1 c. m. high. Us. dioecious. — Alp. rocks. Eur. less
r. Norway, SwitzerL, Spain! Amer. v. Can.: Macoun.

* G.Uiigeri Juratzka.

Capsule oval; lid apiculate. Monoecious. — Eur. r. Scotl.:
Fergusson.

* G.siibsiilcata fiimpricht.

Leaves faintly sulcate. Capsule pale brown; pedicel some-
times curved (in Austrian specimens straight). Often monoe-
cious, »Capsule with large stomata»: Limpricht. — Alp.
region r. Eur. Switzerl.l Austria: Gander.

^1 -r-iV:

\i'H

I. ;*•«

m'

"

Hi'

,

9||

r

1:

!i

m

r

Bj:

1'

1 ■;

1

— 222 —

19.G.8iibsqnarr08a Wilson; Braithwaite. — »G. Muehlenbeckii
var.» Limpricht.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate recurved below at both sides, sprea-
ding when moist; inner basal cells quadrate, the alar rectan-
gular; hairpoint long rough. Capsules unknown. Tufts fuscous-
green above, 1 — 3 c. m. high. Stfjm with brood-corpuscles.
— Rocks r. Eur. Engl.: H. Boswell. Belgiura: Gravet. ,

5. Andreceoidese. ^^ , n «ri

20.G.(?) andreaeoides Limpricht. ' ' *

•Leaves obtuse muticous concave not carinate and not recur-
ved, appressed when dry; the uppermost suddenly larger from
ovate-oblong base gradually acuminate; the lower and those of
shoots ovate-oblong very small; upper cells round-oval, lower
gen. rectangular; costa with brood-corpuscles. Capsules unknown.
Tufts reddish or blackish brown. Stem 1,5 c. m. high or lower
with numerous shoots. Allied to O. torquata, but leaves not
are twisted. — Rocks in alp. region r. Eur. Austria: Breidler»:
Limpricht.

IlL Pseudo-Racoraitrium Kindb. ,, .?,;,,
, - I ..,> V 1. Papillosse. .) t^ , >*..*.( t,;,;.!;
2L6.elatior Bruch. ,. ^

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, recurved below to middle on
both sides; middle cells subquadrate or short-rectangular; alar
cells rectangular; costa papillose; hairpoint nearly smooth often
long. Capsule oval sulcate or costate; lid rostrate; pedicel often
not emergent above perichetial leaves. Plants robust often
high. Tufts loose, blackish below, fuscous green above. —
Rocks princ. below alps. Eur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.! Norway:
M. N. Blytt. Amer. »Greenl.: Vahl»: Lange.
*0.papillosa Kindb. Laubm. Schw. u. Norw. — G. elatior
var. subfunalis Lin^pricht. r.iit^i'j/;, if ? ? •

Leaves more distinctly papillose, less acute, more appressed
when dry; hairpoint short or wanting. Tufts lower (about 3
c. m.) blackish green more dense. Capsules not found. ■ —
Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway! rr t.O*'

*G.anoniala Hampe. r- li w >

»Leaves subobtuse often with brood- corpuscles at apex; hair-;
point short dentate or wanting. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria
and Switzerl. »: Limpricht.
22.G.LisaB Notaris. ,., ., ,. •. ...-.,;,

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, not distinctly recurved below
at one side, subfalcate when moistened; nearly all cells rectan-

VX'i

okii

— 223 —

gular, alar not hyaline; hairpoint rough often short. Capsule
oblong nearly smooth. Stem about 2 c. m. high. Habit of
G. trichophylla. — Rocks r. Eur Switzerl.I Belgium: Gravet.
Italy: Venturi. Amer. Can. Rocky mts and Vane, isl.: Macoun.
*G.8ar(loa Notaris; C. Mueller syn. •'^'"-'''''' i;^-i

» Leaves curved at apex, revolute to above middle; lower
cells short. Capsule globose. Plants small. — Eur. r. Italy:
Notaris»: CM. , , , ... .

2. CrispulsB.
23.G.incurva Schwaegrichen. — Dicranum contortum Wahlen-
berg; Grimmia Schimper.

Leaves sublinear-subulate with thickened borders, gen. crisped;
cells green or pale yellow: the middle oval-quadrate, the upper
small dusky; basal cells large, the alar rectangular; hairpoint
short or none. Capsule oval-oblong; annulus broad; pedicel
deflexed. Tufts soft us. tomentose, green or blackish, often
somewhat high. In open places the leaves not are distinctly
crisped. — Rocks princ. in crevices in alp. region r. Eur.
Norway, Switzerl.I SNveden: E. Adlerz; J. Persson (fruit.). Ger-
many: Schimper. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun, U. S. Oregon:
Roell,
24.G.liamulosa Lesquereux. -*> ? .■, ■ n /=! - i^tn-t/. si u-*

Differs irom the last: Leaves falcate muticous not thickened
at borders; cells brown, the lower less elongate; costa brown,
stouter and subexcurrent. Tufts loose blackish, » Capsule
larger; annulus none»: Lesq. et Jam. — Higher alp. region r.
Amer. U, S. Calif.: Bohender, com, C. Mueller.
25.0.atrata Mielichhofer. vi;: : - >> ^.:'. • - ; ■/ ' .. ..n

Leaves Bublinear subobtuse with thickened borders, crisped
when dry, patent-erect when moist; cells pale green in younger
state: the middle short rectangular, the upper round-quadrate
sinuous, the alar subquadrate; costa very stout; hairpoint very
short nearly smooth us. wanting. Capsule oblong-cylindric or
oval; annulus broad; pedicel straight. Tufts very tomentose,
blackish when dry, brown-green when moist, often high. —
Alp. region princ. on copper-rusty rocks r. Eur. Norway, Spainl
Austria: Schimper.

3. Trichophylloidese. ■^•- ^ -'■ ' • '^» ^ -
A. Leaves narrow, not recurved below, nearly flat at borders.
Tufts dense and cohering, about 1 — 2 centim. high. Capsule
small not striate. . , ■,

I* t.

pvtxj;

.'I ».

4'. '

:t :

1 I

i I-

— 224 —

a. Capsule nearly immersed, scarcely emergent above peri'
chetial leaves; calyplra cucullate. Dioecious.

26.0.ortholoma Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves long, nearly appressed when dry; nearly all cells
sinuous, middle rectangular; hairpoint long nearly smooth.
Capsule very small; lid with short conic or oblique beak.
Tufts 1 — 2 c. m. high. Leaves often with brown branched
brood-filaments. — Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Capsule distinctly emergent, yellowish; calyptra mitriform.
Monoecious.

27.G.ap1ciilata Hornschuch. ^..., .i-:,( -- .hy.

; Leaves subobtuse; cells yellow in younger state: middle and
upper short sinuous, alar rectangular; hairpoint short smooth.
Capsule oval; lid apiculate or mamillate. Tufts about 1 c. m.
high. Habit of G. ovata. — Alp. region r. Eur. Norway!
Austria: Breidler.
28.G.Holleri Molendo. "- '-' •'■!■'■ '-t ■■m^^ ,tn;{'K^iiwv,

Differs from the last: Leaves with longer hairpoint; nearly
all cells narrow. Capsule oblong with wider mouth; lid with
longer beak. Tufts about 2 c. m. high. — Higher alp. region
r. Eur. Austria: Breidler.
29.0.arenaria Hampe. — G. curvula Br. et Schimp.

Leaves subacute very narrow sublinear; cells faintly sinuous
nearly all short, the lowest rectangular; hairpoint long smooth.
Capsule suboval; lid obtuse muticous. Tufts less than 1 centim.
high. — Rocks and stone-walls also in alp. region r. Eur.
Switzerl.i Belgium: Schimper.

B. Leaves more or less recurved. Stem often long, n Tl r 'j

a. Angular (alar) leaf-cells indistinct or uniseriate. Dioecious.
Leaves with obsolete or wanting hairpoint. ..,,,

SO.O.patens Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Grimmia Br. eur.

Differs from other species in the at back bilamellate costa
of leaves.

, Leaves long, recurved below middle at both sides, nearly
appressed when dry; nearly all cells us. sinuous, the middle
and alar subquadrate or short-rectangular, the inner basal long.
Capsule subovate pale brown not striate; lid rostrate. Tufts
us. loose and green; stem 5 — 10 c. m. long, r. shorter. Re-
sembles some species of Bacomitrium. Not r. fruiting. — Moist
quartzose rocks also below alps. Eur. not r. Sweden common,
Norway, Switzerl., Spain! Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

It

— 225 —

♦ G.siibsfmplox Kindb. bull. soc. bot. itnl. 1895. oh^bY'M)'
Stem nearly Bimple, 3—4 c. m. high. Leaves less appressed
when dry, not recurved below at one side, sometimes with
brood-corpuscles; upper cells not sinuous. Capsules unknown.
Habit of O. Hartmani. — Siliceous alp. rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.
near Goeschenen! - uoit ;:; v^f,;,iH i.«ji«uo*n, '.liii-v-itR;* ,.

3l.G.robustifolfa Kindb. — Racomitrium Kindb. bull. Torr.
club XVIT; R. obscurum Kindb. in Macoun Canad. musci
exsicc.

Leaves long, not recurved above at least at one side, faintly
crisped and not appressed when dry; nearly all cells sinuous,
the middle rectangular, the upper subquadrate. Capsule small
oval, striate or plicate when dry; lid with very short oblique
beak. Tufts 3 — 6 c. m. high, dark green, finally blackish
brown. — Rocks in brooks of higher alp. region r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can. 1800—2100 metr. a. s.: Macoun. 'f'"' --^ ^upukj

b. Angular (alar) leaf-cells pluriseriate and rectangular.
Dioecious. Stem gen. not high. , ,

32.G.tricliophylla Greville.

Leaves long, not distinctly recurved below at one side; middle
cells short-rectangular, the upper roundish-quadrate faintly si-
nuous; hairpoint nearly smooth often long. Capsule oblong
costate or rugose. Stem us. 1 c. m. (in Canad. specimens of-
ten 2 c. m.) high. Tufts loose greenish. — Rocks. Eiir. princ.
below alps, not r. in southern districts. Switzerl.! Germany:
Schimper. France: Husnot. Amer. Can. common in Pacif.
distr,: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
33.G.Muehlenbeckii Schimper. ..>v. ,,,;,. -».,.,;..

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter and broader, nearly
appressed when dry; upper cells distinctly sinuous; hairpoint
longer and rough. Capsule oval gen. smooth. — Rocks princ.
in northern districts. Eur. Sweden common, Norway, Switzerl. 1
Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. • : , ., ; i; ;, ./-i

34.G.californica SuUivant. c^iw «^'^' .<■■, j^.y m ; i«'-;l7<

Leaves somewhat small, acute, recurved below at both sides,
the upper with long faintl}' rough hairpoint; cells yellow: the
middle and upper round quadrate very small, not or faintly
sinuous; alar cells short-rectangular. Capsule oval faintly striate;
teeth often subpartite. Tufls dense brown 2 — 3 centim. high.
— Amer. r. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Boltender, com.
C. Mueller, , , .,v,w -- ,-- . - ■.

k"

'' ..:: I

li' V ,!• 1

;■»

r \

It-. :S

— 226 —

0i>^'-\\ .

* G. Watson! Lesqnereux et James. Ui/.M*

• Leaves scarcely hair-pointed. Capsule oval-oblong. — Amer.
U. 3. Calif. »: Lenq. et J.
8r).0.(1ep|lata Kindb. cat. Canad. m. ^ -•-■: ..*i,^>:i «-. !w.,..,f

Leaves somewbat small, gen. obtuse and hairless, r. with
obsolete hairpoint, recurved below at both sides; middle cells
quadrate, the upper round-quadrate not sinuous. Capsule oval
not sulcate, often with oblique beak. Tufts dense dark brown
or dark green above, 3 — 4 c. m. high. — Not much distinct
from the last, but approved by C. M. — Dry rocks r. Amer.
Pacif. distr. Can. Vane, isl.; Macoun. U. S.: Roell. .,

C. Angular leaf-cells pluriseriate quadrate. Stem gen. long.
Plants robust. Tufts loose.

aa. Monoecious. Capsule costate. Stem about 3 — 4 c. m. long.
3B.G.declpiens Schullz. — Trichostomum Schultz; Grimmia
liindb.; G. funalis Br. eur.

Leaves if^curved below at both sid*"--, more or less flexuous
when dry, the uppermost very long, liddle cells rectangular,
the upper subquadrate distinctly -inuous; hairpoint us. long
and rough. Capsule oval. Pericbetial leaves subulate-acuminate.
Tufts blackish below, yellowish green or brown above. — Sili-
ceous rocks also below alpa. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.I

bbt Dioecious. Capsule not distinctly striate. Stem gen.
very long.
37.G.Hartmani Schimper. "" '- ' "

Leaves long, not distinctly recurved beloAv at one Ade, more
or less flexuous; middle and upper cells roundish-quadrate si-
nuous, nearly all basal short, the alar not hyaline; hairpoint
short rough or wanting, often destructed by brood-corpuscles.
Capsule oval. Tufts us. green and 5 — 10 c. m. high. Very
r. fruiting. — Rocks often below alps. Eur, not r. Sweden
common, Switzerl.I Corsica fruiting: Philibert,
38.G.arcuatifolia Kindb. bull. Ton. club XVL ' ' ' '

Leaves long, recurved below at both sides, distinctly falcate
when moist, not flexuous when dry; middle cells rectangular,
upper subquadrate not sinuous. U[)per leaves gradually larger
upwards; hairpoint short rough. Capsules unknown. Tufts
dark green above, about 5 c. m. high. — Dry rocks r. Atner.
Can., Vane, isl.: Macoun.
39.G.caTiadensis Kindb. n. sp. * * ;. s, , * ■• j ;,

Leaves somewhat long, recurved below at both sides, flexuous
when dry; middle cells rectangular, the upper subquadrate

— '227 —

M

distinctly sinuouB, the alar hyaline very numerous. CapBule
small oval. Tufts yello-wi«h or brownish greeii, 4 — 5 o. m.
high. Branches curved. — Ame r. Can. Vano. isl.: Mnooun.
4().G.procera Kindb. (in litt. ad Maooun 1892); revue bryol.
18UG. — G. pnchyphylla Leiberg bull. Torr. chil 1893 ?

Leaves long, rocurved nearly all around, nearly njjpressed
when dry; cells yellow, the upper short and not or faintly
sinuous, the alar few, the inner basal long; hairpoint short
and rough, sometimes wanting. TufUs brownish. Stem 5 — 10
c. m. long. Habit of 0. patens. — Amer. r.Can. Vano. isl.:

Macoun. (U. S.: Leiberg ?) • i-

4. OvatcDformes.

A. Tufts cohering, us pulvinate. Stem 1 — 2 c. m. high.
Gen. monoecious, us. fruiting.
41.G.0Tata Weber et Mohr. — G. ovalis Lindb. '''''' '

Lower leaves small, the upper ovato-lanceolate, recurved
below at one side, nearly a})pressod when dry; middle and
upper cells short indistinctly sinuous, the alar quadrate or
short-rectangular; hairpoint us. long and nearly smooth, some-
times wanting. Capsule brown oblong-oval; lid rostellate;
annulus deciduous; calyptra us. mitriform. Tufts us. greenish.
Monoecious. — Rocks also below alps. Eur. common in nor-
thern districts. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.:
Macoun.
^ O.Hausinanni Notaris. js ; i

> Leaves muticous. Capsule with apiculate or obtuse lid.
Tufts brown-green. — Eur. Austria»: Limpricht.
42.G.seRsitana Notaris.

Differs from G. ovata: Leaver, nearly uniform; hairpoint short.
Capsule pale-brown; pedicel less elongate; lid not rostellate;
annulus indistinct; calyptra cucullate. Tufts blackish. Dioe-
cious. — Rocks also below alps r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl. I
Italy: fjcvier. l. .

43.G.Doiiii Smith.

Leaves not long, not recurved at base; upper cells subqua-
drate sinuous, middle short-rectangular, the alar and the very
narrow (inner) basal longer; hairpoint long nearly smooth. Cap-
sule oval ])ale-yellow; lid mamillate; calyi>tra us, mitriform;
pedicel not or scarcely emergent above perichetial leaves. Tufts

small dusky or blackish green, us.
lower. Monoecious. — Alp. regions.
Amer. r.

Monoecious. — Alp.
Can.: Macoun,

about 1 cm. high or
Eur. gen. r. Norwayl

\ '

— 2'28 —

K i

'.'..• I

.r;r" nwi

44.G.iiilcrotrioha C. M. ct Kindb. 1. o. ■ «>''y'. *• vl*-*,.-. •?'.
Differs from the last: Loaves with phort hnirpoint nnd phortrr,
less cliBtinctly Rinuous colls. Cappule oblong brown; lid filiort-
conic; pedicel distinctly oxserted. Dioecious or (on distinct
branches) monoecious. Tufts blackish below. — Subulp, region
r. Amer. Vnu. Brit. Col.: Macoun. i'»;.w;;v( hh h

B. Tufts not or loosely cohering, 3 — 8 c. m. high. Gen.
dioecious r. fruiting. ,

a. Leaves sublinear subobtuse, appressed when dry; lower
cells not sinuous; hairpoint us. indistinct.

45.G.elongata Kaulfuss.

Leaves somewhat f ' ort and short-acunjinate, faintly recurved
below at one side; cells yellow in younger state: U] per round-
quadrate sinuous, middle and alar short-rectangular; hairpoint
short often wanting. Capsule oval pale brown; lid short-conic
obtuse. Tufts blackish when dry, brown-green when moist,
somewhat low and more cohering in fruiting state. — Alp.
region r. Eur, Norway! Austria: Venturi. Amer. Can.:
Macoun. .,,,, ,_ ,„ .^ ^

b. Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, nearly appressed when dry;
nearly nil cells (cxc. at base near costa) sinuous. Upper leaves
with short hairpoint.

4().(il.inicrocari)a Gmelin. — Bryum Gm.; Grimmia Lindb.;

Racomitrium sudeticum Br. eur.

l-t-M!^ ]n:i:-Lit.'i.iiUA^

Leaves more or less recurved below; upper and middle colls
short, the alar uniseriate quadrate more dilated. Capsule sub-
oval small; lid rostrate, Perichetial leaves with sublinear acu-
men. Tufts blacjkish or dark brown when dry. — Moist alp.
rocks gen. r. Eur. Norway, Spain! Amer. Can. Brit. Col.:

M. et Kindb. — Racomitrium C. M. et '

C.

Mp.Goun.

iT.G.atteniiata

Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves recurved nearly all around, suberect and nearly
straight when moist; uppei cells short, the middle rectangular,
the alar long narrow often pluriseriate. Capsul; suboval; lid
subobtuse or apiculate. Tufts fuscous green above, blackish
below. Habit of G. elatior. — Alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit
Col.: Macoun.

C. Leaves sublinear acute appressed when dry; lower basal
cells not sinuous; hairpoint of upper leaves long. Dioecious.
Capsules unknown. -j-;... .,, ..i,.... ..«. ,-..!.

jjfevli^it- J4i"' JX>?i.Ji -iii^fitr

2'29 —

4H.G.Stlrtonl Schimpor; Rrnitliwaito. '• . :. .-lii n"!!;'!' .U'^h
LcnvcH not retiir\ d; lower Imhiil cdla rectangular, tho others

Biiiall Kubquadrate. — KockH r. Eur. »S(;()tl.»: Hraithwaite.

5. [Jnicoloriforinefi.
A. Lower leaf-colls very Hiiiuous. . • »-., .. . .

49.G.elliptfcB Turner. — Dicranum Turn.; Griinmia Ariiott;

Raconiitriuin Kr. eur.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtuHo inuticous, nearly ap-

pressed when dry; lower celJH narrow, upper small dusky.

Capsule broad-oval; lid lonfi;-rostrate; calyptra niitriforn); pedicel

straight. Tufts loose blackish when dry, not high. — Damp

schistose rocks princ. near Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway: R.

Hartman; F. Kian-; K. Nvman.

. Lower leat-cells not Hniuous. '

a. Leaves obtuse muticous. Pedicel straight. Tufts loose.
SO.G.unicoIor Hooker.

Leaves often faintly crisped when dry; cells faintly sinuous,
nearly all sliort yellow, u}iperino.'<t opake very small. Capsule
brown oval-oblong; lid rostellate; calyptra us. mitrifonn. Tufts
about 4 c. m. or higher, blackish or brown-green when dry.
R. fruiting. — Wet roeks often near cascades })rinc. in alps.
Eur. less r. Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. v. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves acute with often long hairpoint. Pedicel arcuate.
Tufts densely cohering.

51.G.0liicyi Hullivant icon, muscor. u -• uv.i .v»Vi .--iu<.w->'iiU'J^'i
Leaves apj)re8sed when dry, upper very long; cells greenish:
inner basal rectangular, alar quadrate, middle less distinctly
sinuous, U])per opake very small. Capsule brown oval; lid
rostrate; calyptra cucullate; pedicel short not emergent; annuluB
revoluble. Tnfts 2 — 3 c. m. high us. grayish green. — Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Sullivant et Lesq., com. C. Mueller.
52.G.Ausiiiii Kindb. revue bryol. 1894.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer and subHexuouB, less
appressed when dry; mi Idle cells distinctly sinuous. Pedicel
longer; calyptra mitriform. — Amer. r. U. S. New Jersey; Austin,
com. Macoun. ,. > .r /i jj;- t imm^

53.G.fragi!is Schimper syn. ed. 2.

Leaves brittle nearly appressed; nearly all cells short: basal
short-rectangular larger, alar rectangular hyaline, middle qua-
drate sinuous, upper opake very small; hairpoint rough, in u])-
permost leaves long. Capsule ])ale brown small oblong; lid
obliquely rostellate; calyptra unknown; pedicel short but emer-

•*' ! ■'•■

t. ■'.,!'

: i

1

— 230

fi>riy.; 'i

I \<-i-

pi-t-M

I''. I'*!

HID

gent. Tufts fuscous about 1 c. m. high, — Granitic blocks in
subalp. region r. Eur. Portugah E. Levier.

IV. Pseuuo-Schistidium Kindb. ' "' ' ' -'" '

1. Plliferffi.
54.G.pilifera Palisot de Beauvois; C. M. — Weisia lloehling;
Grimmia pennsylvanica Sulliv. icon. muse.

Leaves long ovate-lanceolate acute, not ai)pre8ised but faintly
flexuous when dry; upper cells subquadrate sinuous, the others
rectangular exc the subquadrate alar; hairpoint brown below,
not long. Capsule oval; lid rostrate; calyptra mitriform; pedi-
cel straight; annulus broad revoluble. Tufts loose brown about
2 c. m. high. — Amer. Can.: Drummond n. 56, com. Macoun.
U. S.: Austin, com. Macoun; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

2. Crinitae,

A. Annulus of capsule broad revoluble; peristome present.

a* Leaves short obtusate obtuse concave; cells sinuous. Cap-
sule red-brown, rugose when dry; pedicel curved; calyptra cu-
cullate. Monoecious. ,,. • ■ . ; • : .ioir. 'v/vi

55.G.cri!iita Bridel. i ^ I' '■ '.

Leaves not thickened at borders: lower sublong, upper obovate-
oblong larger; upper (^ells quadrate, middle short-rectangular,
lower long hyaline; hairpoint long. Capfeule ovate; lid short-
conic. Tufts grayish loosoiy cohering, 1 c. m. or lower. —
Stone-walls. Eur. princ. in southern districts. Switzerl.l France:
Zetterstedt. Austria: Schmidt.

b. Leaves somewhat long-acuminate acute carinate above;
cells sinuous. Capsule pale yellow not rugose; pedicel straight;
calyptra mitriform. Monoecious,

56.G.triforiiiis Carestia et Notaris. ' '■'•'' ' -^ '

Lower leaves small; U})per larger and broadly ovate-lanceolate,
not appressed when dry, us. curved when moistened; cells yel-
lowish small quadrate exc. the rectangular lower basal, alar
hyaline numerous; hairpoint nearly smooth, in upper leaves long.
Capsule subglobose-cyathiform; lid convex mamillale. Tufts
green 1 — 2 c. m, high. — In alps r. Eur. Switzerl.! Italy:
Carestia, com. Geheeb,
67,(x.(xanderi Limpricht.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer acuminate, not curved
when moistened; upper cells oval-oblong; hairpoint long. Lid
of c&psule short-conic. — Schistose alp. rocks r. — Eur. Austria:
Gander, com. E. Adlerz. . .

^'wr

— 231 —

C. Leaves gen. long-acuminate, sometimes papillose near
apex; cells not sinuous. Pedicel of capsule straight. Dioecious.
SS.G.tergeslina Tommanini.

•: Leaves with thickened borders, ovate-lanceolate somewhat
large: upper with long faintly denticulate hairpoint; basal cells
narrow-rectangular, the others short; costa not dilated above,
Capsule brown suboval; lid rostellate. Tufts pulvinate often
2 — 3 c. m. high, grayish when dry. — Calcareous rocks* and
stones r. Eur. southern distr. Switzerl.! Austria: Schiraper;
Roell. Italy: Bottini, France: Philibert. .••

B. Leaves smooth gen. obtusate: lower obtuse muticous.
Pedicel of capsule curved; annulus narrow persistent. Monoe-
cious.

a. Peristome present. .li r . • ■ ; ' m ul-> ■ :■!.,''
59.G.plagiopotlia Hedwig. ^ .i • ,» . i / ii

Upper leaves oblong with nearly smooth not long hairpoint;
cells not sinuous, gen. sliort, basal larger. Capsule pale brown
subglobose or broad-oval; lid nearly Hat or subconvex, mamil-
late or apiculate; teeth orange. Tufts green or brown-green not
cohering, scarcely X c. m. high. — Dry rocks princ. of sand-
stone. Eur. less r. in southern distr. Germany: Schimper;
Schulze. France: Husnot m. gall. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
♦G.Brandegei Austin.

Perichetial leaves hyaline above often t(^ r'ddlc; hairpoint
rough very long. Capsule subglobose; podi-"t very short. —
Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. , • ■ ? .» ,

b. Peristoiue us. waiting. .1' , • •■ ' ■ '-
60.0.aiiodou Bryol. eur.

Upper leaves narrowly ovate-oblong acute witli long nearly
smooth hairpoint; cells not sinuous: basal narrow-rectangular,
the others short; costa broader above. Capsule red-yellow broad-
oval, finally subpomiform; lid low pubconvex mamillate or api-
culate; peiistome none. Perichetial leaves larger and longer;
basal cells very long. Tufts not or loosely cohering grayish
green about 1 c. m. high. — Dry rocks also in alps. Eur.
less r. Norway! Germany: Schimper. Austria: Venturi. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun.

GLO.alpina Kindb. enum. bryin. dovr.; revue bryol. 1896. —
»G. plagiopodia»: Zetterstedt; »G. anodon»: Limpricht; G. Lim-
prichtii Kern. ...

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, ovate or broadly •)vate-
obloug obtuse without hairpoint; cells often sinuous gen. sub-

w!nm

— 232 -

■■ i'

■ ■-• ;i

iPffi, '

lM^k

^^^Kt

^M

"f

1 H': i-

If ^!

it

!

If

*; i ;i.«

" f'^''

M

i*

i

;:i.in'

f-<:;.

■s

!'•?

1' ^^

oBL:''-'

qimdmte. Lid of capsule convex neither apiculate nor mamil-
late; teeth sometimes rudimentary. Perichetial leaves with
Bouiewhat long hairpoint; basal cells short- rectangular. Tufts
cohering brown-green about 2 c. m. high. — Rocks in higher
isubalp. region r, Eur. Norway in Dovrefjekll Austria: Kern.

V. Schistic! ium Eridel.
1. Platyphylloidese.

A. Leaves not appressed when dr}'; hairpoint wanting.

a. Leaves denticulate near the obtuse apex, broadly acu-
minate.

(>2.G.riyulari8 Bridel. ' ?i

Leaves large ovat^-lanceolate cells large. Perichetial leaves
broadly obtusate; costa abbre'/iate. Capsule obovate finally
turbinate; teeth red, larger than in G. apocarpn; lid short-poin-
ted; calyptra cucullate. Tufts loose. Stem decumbent, 3 — 6
c. m. or longer. — Stones in water not common. Eur. Finl.:
Brothcrus. France: Husnot. Ancr. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves entire nearly subuiate.
GS.O.niaritima Turner.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate recur\ed crowded us. crisped wiien
dry; the upper with us. excu:'rent costa. Capsule as in the
last; teeth orange; lid rostellate; calyptra us. cucullate. Tufts
dense pulvinate 1 — 2 c. ra. nigh. — Rocks near sea or larger
lakes. Eur. not r. Sweden! 'Ireland: Schimper. France: Le
Jolis. Anier. Can.: Macoun; Rotdl; VVaghorne.
* G.Aj^assizii SuUiv. et Lesq. — Schistidium S. L.; Grimmia
Lq. et J.; G. crassinervis C. M.

Leaves less crisped; costa not or indistinctly excurrent. Lid
of capsule sometimes with shorter point. — Amer. Can.: J.
Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M. Maccun.
64.0.ciiicliclodont<»a C. Mueller

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate not recurved, loosely dispo-
sed, falcate when moistened; oosta long-excurrent. » Capsule
subglobose; teeth red; lid rostellsite; calyptra mitriform»: C. M.
Tufts not cohering; stem about 4 — 5 c. m. long. — Amer. r.
Pacif. distr. U. S.: Roell, com. C. Mueller.

B. Leaves entire nearly or completely a^jpressed when dry,
often with hairpoint. Stem ere<!t.

a. Stum-leaves short obtuse ovate or ovate-oblong.
Go.G.plat} plijila Mitten.

Leaves subovate muticous more or less recurved and not
large, appressed when dry, not curved when moistened; peri-

mrnmi*

r

- m -

chetial not much larger, ('apsule subglobose; teeth red; lid
short-pointed or mamillate; calyptra eucuUate. Tufts 1 — 3 e. m.
high, somewhat loose us. green. — Alp. rivulets r. Eur. Nor-
way! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

66.G.brunnescens Limpricht. — Schietidium Lpr.; Grimmia
Kindb.

Leaves small ovate-oblong muticous or with short rough
hairpoint, not recurved, nearly appressed when d'^y, curved
when moistened; perichetial not much larger Avith longer hair-
point. Capsule subglobose or broad oval; teeth orange; lid
short-pointed; calyptra mitritorm. Tufts dense 1 — 1,5 c. m.
high. — Higher subalp. region r. Eur. Switzerl.!

I). Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate. Tufts dense.
67.(x.flaccida Notaris. — Anoectangium Not.; Grimmia Lindb.;
G. sphserica Schimper; Gymnostomum pulvinatum Hoffmann 1796.

Leaves somewhat large acuminate, r^^curved only in middle,
with nearly smooth often long hairpoint; perichetial larger and
more recurved. Capsule subglobose finally turbinate; teeth
orange often rudimentary or wanting; lid mamillate; calyptra
mitriform. Tufts 0,5 — 1,5 c. ra. high often green. — Rocks
and stone-walls r. Eur. Switzerl., Italy! Austria: Breidler.
68.0.alpicola Swartz.

Leaves not large, broadly acuminate subobtuse and recurved,
muticous or with indistinct hairpoint; perichetial not much
larger. Capsule suboblong often nearly exserted; teeth red; lid
short pointed; calyptra cucullate. Tufts 1 — 5 c. m. high us.
brown or brown-green. — Moist alp. rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.,
Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

OU.G.lieteropliylla Kindb bull. Torr. club XVII. — G. cosci-
nodontoides Kindb. 1. c; G. chloroblasta Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves small narrowly acuminate nearly subulate, not di-
stinctly recurved, with an often long rough hairpoint; periche-
tial green larger and longer. Capsule oblong; teeth orange very
ciibrose. Tufts 1 — 1,5 c. m. high dark green or grayish when
dry. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

' '2. Apocarpffiformes. ■

A. Leaves princ. the youngest serrulate above often to middle;
ccIIb sinuous; costa rough at back.
70.0. gracilis Schleicher.

Leaves not large, ovate-lanceolate broadly acuminate recurved,
nearly appresseii when dry, curved when moistened; perichetial
larger; hairpoint tou^h often long. Capsule oblong; teeth fet-

IG

:*:

— 284

i:

.fi \i

ruginous below, pale yellow above; lid rostcllate; calyptra cucul-
late or mitriform. Tufts loose often pale brown. Stem 2 — 10
c. m. long, sometimes decumbent. — Rocks also in alps not r.
Eur. Norway, Sweden, Switzerl.! France: Husnot m. gall.
Amer. Can,: Drummond; Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Austin.
Tl.G.pseudo-rivularis Kindb. n. sp.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger and broader, narrowed
to a short-subulate point, patent when dry; cells less sinuous;
costa Bubexcurrent rough only in upper part. Capsule oval;
teeth red; calyptra mitriform. Stem long decumbent. Tufts
green. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
* O.Iancifolia Kindb. n. subsp. — G. coloradensis Austin ?

Leaves narrower and less acute sometimes with obsolete rough
hairpoint; costa not excurrent. Stem not long. — Wet rocks r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves entire or near apex faintly serrulate, us. curved
when moistened; costa smooth or near apex faintly rough.
Stem us. erect.

a. Leaves recurved, the perichetial much li • ( *-.
72.()!.apocarpa L. — Bryum L.; Gnminia Hedwig.

Leaves broadly acuminate us. ovate-lanceolate and not ap-
pressed when dry, gen. with rough hairpoint; cells us. papillose
and faintly sinuous. Capsule suboval; teeth red; lid rostellate;
calyptra mitriform. Tufts ub. loose. — Rocks also in alps
common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Waghorne.
* Gpachyneurula C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves small muticous; cells smooth thin walled not sinuous.
— A-mer. Can. Brit, Col.: Macoun.
73.G.pruinosa Wilson. — G. ambigua SuUiv. icon. m.

Leaves small broadly ovate-lanceolate subobtuse muticous or
with rough often short hairpoint, appressed when dry; cells
sinuous. Capsule suboval; pedicel sometimes as long; teeth
reddish or paler; lid short-pointed; calyptra cucuUate. Tufts loose
about 1 c. m. high. In alps r. Eur. Norway!; Bryhn. Swe-
den: E. Nyman, Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.:
Fendler, com. C. Mueller.
74.G.atrofii8ca Schimper.

Leaves small short ovate or oval-oblong us. mutioo'tp. op-
pressed when dry; cells not sinuous. Capsule sub.'^'ai: itetK
reddish orange short and not perfectly evolute; lid us '/I'ute;
calyptra mitriform. Tufts louaely cohering aboi.; 2 c. i. , liig],,

— 285 —

blackish wlien dry. — Higher alp. region princ. on summits r.
Eur. Switzerl. 1700 metr. a. s.l

b. Leaves not recurved; the perichetial much larger,
75.G.atricha C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves small short ovate-oblong subobtuse muticous, appressed
Vi^hen dry. Capsule suboblong; teeth yellow or hyaline above,
orange near base; lid rostrate. Tufts densely cohering about
1 cm. high, dark green or fuscous Avhen dry. — Alpine
rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1250 metr. a. s.: Macoun.

C. Leaves recurved; the perichetial not much larger,
76.(x.conferta Funck.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate subacute smooth not large,
often with rough hairpoint, us. appressed when dry; cells not
distinctly sinuous. Capsule oblong-oval; teeeh orange; lid api-
culate; calyptra mitriform. Tufts dense but loosely cohering,
1 — 2 c. m. high, fuscous when dry. — Rocks not common.
Eur. Sweden!; Lindberg. Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Wag-
horn e.
* G.teiiera Zetterstedt.

Leaves very small sublinear nearly subulate, nearly spirally
twisted when dry; cells smaller. Capsules unknown. — Arctic
distr. r. Norway: J. E. Zetterstedt, com. C. J. E. Haglund;
W. Baur.

103. Racomitriuni Bridel.

A. Leaves with papillose hyaline hairpoint or acumen. Beak
of calyptra rough above.

1. Lanuginosa. Leaves fimbriate at acumen; green cells
smooth. Capsule longer tban beak; pedicel rough.

2. Canescentia. Leaves serrulate at acumen; all cells us. Avith
somewhat long papilla;. Capsule gen. not longer than beak;
pedicel smooth.

B* Leaves hairless or with a serrulate not papillose hair-
point. Capsule gen. longer than beak; pedicel smooth. Beak
of calyptra sometimes wholly rough (viz. in R. fasciculare).

3. Papilloma. Leaves with short papilla3, often hairless.

4. Lievifolia. Leaves smooth us. with long hairpoint.

1. Lanuginosa.
l.R.hypnoides L.; Willdenow. — Bryum L.\ Trichostomum
Willd.; Racomifcrium Lindb.; R. lanuginosum Bridel.

Leaves long ovate-lanceolate recurved below; green cells gen.
narrow, the alar rectangular; costa smooth. Pedicel short. Stem
ramose often to 10 c. m. long. — Stone and stony ground also

280 —

'ri'lt .

V'.m^

in alps, common in northern diRtri(;ts, Eur. Sweden, Norway!
Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska; J. M. Macoun.

2, Canescentia.
2.R.caiiesceilS Weis. — Hypnnm Weis; Racomitrium Brid.

Leaves from broad ovate-oblong ba8e gen, abruptly tapering
to a subacute acumen, recurved nearly all around; upper and
alar cells subquadrate, the othe;rs rectangular; costa rough at
back, us. abbreviate; hairpoint r. short or indistinct. Pedicel
us. long. — Stone ground also in alps common. Eur, Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska;
J. M. Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
* R.Nubfasciculare Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves fainter papillose, muticous or with very short hair-
point. — Rocks princ. in alp. region ft, Eur. Norway I Austria:
Venturi.
*R.niuticuiH Kindb. bull. To r. club XVII.

Leaves fainter papillose muticous, finally yellowish brown;
costa percurrent. — Alp. region r. Amer. (Jan. Brit. Col. 1950
metr. a. sea: Macoun.

B.R.Pailschii C. Mueller. — Grimmia C. M.; Racomitrium
Kindb.

Ditlers from B. canescens: Leaves subovate obtuse with very
short acumen without hairpoint or only faintly hyaline at apex,
faintly papillose. Tufts low blackish. Capsules unknown. —
Stem without nodose branches. — Arctic district r. Amer.
Greenl. isl. Sabine: Pansch, com, C. Mueller.

3. Papillosa.

A. Leaves very broadly acuminate or obtusate, arrouuiltul
at the us. dentate apex, short broad and t'haunelled, willuMit
hairpoint; costa not percurrent. Stem withovit nodosv> brunchlottt.
4.R.aciculare L. — Bryum L.; Racomitrium Bridol.

Leaves us. green or blackish whou dry; up\»ev v^ells rotundrtte.
Capsule suboval; teeth deeply oloft; pcdiv'^l goiiunvhat long. —
Wet stones also in alps. Eur. nearly \'\\mmon. Sweden, Swit-
zerl., Spain! Amer. Can,: J. Macovin; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.
S.R.Neeyii C. Mueller,

Leaves us, bright green also when dry; upper cells subc^ua-
dviitc. Capsule oval-oblong; pedicel short, — Wet rocks r.
Amer. Can. princ. in Pacif. distr.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.

B. Leaves narrowly acuminate entire.

— 2B7 —

a. Capsule large siibcylindric; pedicel about 2 c. m. long.
Leaves long gradually acuminate acute or Bubacute carinate,

often with hairpoint; costa gen. percurrent. Stem r. with short
nodoee branchlets.

(j.R.varium Mitten. — R.oroganum Ren. et Card.

Leaves yellowish green recurved nearly all around, subacute
at apex, not appreesed when dry; cells also the upper rectan-
gular; costa greenish; hairpoint not long. Peristomial teeth
partite. Stem sometimes with short r. numerous branchlets.
— Wet stones in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

T.R.speciosum C. Mueller.

Leaves green recurved nearly all around, subacute at apex;
upper cells gen, subquadrate, often greenish; hairpoint often
long. Peristomial teeth partite. Stem without short branch-
lets; leaves more appressed than in the resembling last. —
Rocks in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr Can.: Macoun; Roell,
com. C. Mueller.

•S.R.Leyieri Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves dark green or finally blackish brown, acute at apex,
not recurved above or at one side, appressed when dry; upper
cells sub(]uadrate, the lower rectangular; costa finally brownj
hairpoint none. Perichetial leaves more or less acuminate; costa
portMU'rent or Hllghtly excurrent. Peristomial teeth deeply cleft
not imrlite. Stem without short lirancliletH. TuflH Itliickisli
lilown wlien dry. — Alp. gianlUc fuujiw r. Thr. f'pfjifgal:
Ifi. Levler.

b. Capsule Huuill g<ui. suboval; pedicel about 1 c. m. or
Bborter. Leaves gen. without hairfjoint us. carinate.

aa. I^eaves not recurved above or at one side, ol)tuse or
subobtuse at apex; upper cells subquadrate; hairpoint none or
indistinct. Peristomial teeth deeply cleft not partite. Stem
without nodose branchlets.

D.ll.lU'otensuni Braun. — Trichostomum F^raun; Racomitrium
lluebener.

Tjcavee somewhat long and at apex obtuse, recurved below,
appressed when dry; hairpoint none; costa finally brown not
peicurrent. Perichetial leaves short-acuminate; costa short.
Capsule suboval exserted; pedicel 5 — 8 mm. long. Tufts dark
green finally blackish brown. — Wet rocks. Eur. not r. Swe-
den, Switzerl.l Portugal: Levier. Amer. »(Jr()nnl.»: Ijange.

1^ '

a

'■'-I*

Is

— 238 —

lO.R.depressiini LeBquereux.

• Resembling the last. Leaves broadly ovate, lanceolate above,
obtuse, sometimes slightly denticulate at apex; upper cells
broadly ovate. Capsule subcylindric immersed on a very short
pedicel. Stem very long. — Amer. r. U. S.: Calif.: Boleender»:
Lesq. et Jam.
ll.R.Macounii Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves long, subobtuse at apex, not recurved at base, crisped
when dry; hairpoint none or indistinct; costa percurrent finally
brown. Capsule suboval exserted; pedicel 0,5 c. m. long. Tufts
finally rusty or reddish brown. - Rocks and boulders in alp.
region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 2100 metr. a. sea: J. Macoun.

bb. Leaves recurved nearly all around, long and acute; cells
us. narrow. Peristomial teeth partite. Stem often with short
nodose branchlets.

1 2.R.fasciclllare Schrader. — Bryum Sohr.; Racomitrium Brid.

subulate acuminate carinate us. (at least the

cells narrow; costa subpercurrent; hairpoint

numerous short branchlets, us. long. Pedicel

c. m. or shorter. Calyptra witli "wholly rough beak.

Leaves nearly
upper) greenish;
none. Stem with
about 1

— Rocks also in
Switzerl., Spainl
J. M. Macoun.
IS.R.tenuinerve
Leaves longer

alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway,
Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska:

Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.
subulate than in the last.

carinate, yellowish

green; cells narrow; costa faint vanishing far below apex; hair-
point none. Stem long sometimes without short brunchluts.
Pedicel 0,5 c. m. long. Calyptra not seen. — Rocks r. Amer.
Pacif. distr. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
14.R.Palmeri Kindb. revue bryol. 189G.

I./eaves longer subulate than in R. fasciculare, blarkish when
dry, tlie upjxr faintly crisped; cells narrow; costa percurrent
or Bubexcurrent; hairpoint none. Tufts dense 2 — 3 c. m. high.
Pedicel very short gen. immersed. Habit of Grimynia microcarpa.
Arctic district r. 4^ner. Alaska: Palmer; J. M. Macoun.
IS.R.Jenseni Kindb. 1. c — fl- sudeticum var. papillosuiri
«l(!iiHi!n

broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, blackish and

l\fy] the upper with short hair{)oint; upper

|)i(fWii bet'CUi'i'UliyMlpillnse. Capsules unknown.

|()W, flabit of Qrimmia micromrjia. — Arctic

ItfJ

Lee

eavoH

mud

HUiall

dietrict t.

Hm
Amer.

(jreen).; 1', Iill>erlin, cojn, C, Jensen,

— 239

♦ ■ ft

16.R.mlcropiis Kindb. cat. Canad. m. — R. heteroetichum
var. occidei.tale Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves long-acuminate greenish channelled with thick bor-
ders; cells yellow gen. narrow, the uppermost sometimes sub-
quadrate; costa percurrent; hairpoint long. Capsule oblong
cylindric with short oblique beak; pedicel about 0,5 o. m. long.
Habit of E. microcarpum. — Granite rocks in alp. region r.
Amer. Pacif, distr. Can. Brit. Col. 2000 metr. a. sea: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell; Henderson, com. Cardot.

4. Lsevifolia,

A. Leaves channelled, thickened at upper borders.
IT.R.affine Schleicher. — Trichostomum Schl.; Racomitrium
Lindb.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate recurved below; upper (tills round-
quadrate not or indistinctly sinuous; hairpoint short. Capsule
suboblong; teeth partite; pedicel about 1 c. m. long. Tufts
gen. not high and often denH(!. Stem often without short
branchlets. — Siliceous rocks not common. Eur. Norway,
Switzerl.! Sweden: Arnell. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
U. S.: Roell.

* B.obtusiim Smith. — Trichostomum Sm.; Racomitrium Lindb.

Leaves gen. obtuse without hairpoint. — Eur. Sweden: Arnell.
Norway: Bryhn. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves carinate above with not thickened borders.
IH.R.Iieterostiehnm Hedwig. — Trichostomum H., Racomi-
trium Brid.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate recurved nearly all around;
cell;:, as in the last; hairpoint often long. Capsule oblong-
cylindHc often Honicwluit liirwe; teeth ])artite; pedicel 1 c. m.
or somewhat longer. TuflH uh. gniyiHii. Stem oftep with short
branchletn. — Quarizose stone itrinc. below alps. Eur. commen.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl. I A^ner. 0\\p,'. ,^. Macoun. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. U. S.; Henderson, com. Caraot.

* R.niicropoidos Kindb. n. subsn.

Leaves pellucid with very Hlioit hairpoiiit) i|)ipRr cells some-
times rectangular; alar cells hyaline. Capsule small Bcaredy
shorter than pedicel. — Rocks in alp. region r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
19.R.nifcrocarpum Schroder. — Dicraniim Schr.; Racomitrium
Brid.

Leaves as in the last; cells narrow-rectangul/ir distinctly
sinuous. Capsule small gen. suboval; teeth partite; pedicel tthr/rt.

— 240 —

Stem "with nliort branch lets. Tufte us. green. — Dry rooks
princ. in northern alps. Eur. Sweden common, Norway, Swit-
zerl.I Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Waghorne.

104. Cainpylostelium Bryol. eiir.
l.C.Naxicola Weber et Mohr. — Dicranum W. M.; Campylo-
Btelium Br. eur.

LeaveH from suboblong base tapering to the longer but not
much narrower sublinear obtusate acumen, crisped when dry;
lower basal cells large rectangular, the others small quadrate;
costa narrow not excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth
red yellow long narrow; lid long-rostrate; calyptra lobate; pedi-
cel yellow Bometimee curved. Stem very short. Monoecious
with yellow male flowers at base of stem. — Rocks princ. of
sandstone, often together with Brachydontium, r. Eur. Engl.
W. H. Pearson. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
* Cstrictum Solms Laubach.

Pedicel finally red. »Sometimep synoecious»: Geheeb. Other-
wise not differing. — Eur. r. Portugal: Newton, com. Le Jolis.
105. CosciiiOdon Sprengel.

A. Leaves more or less distinctly plicate above. Dioecious.
l.C.cribrosus Hedwig. — Grimmia H.; Coscinodon Spruce.

. Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or from subovate concave
ba^e slightly tapering to the involute scarcely longer gen. obtuse
acumen, not recurved; alar cells not defined, the other banal
short-rectangular pellucid, the upper subquadrate somewhat
dusky; costa not excurrent. Perichetial leaves very much lar-
ger, more plicate, shorter-acuminate; hairpoint long, at base very
broad. Capsule half-emergent obovate finally inclined, orange
not striate; teeth orange cribrose (perforated as a sieve as in
the other species), deflexed or patent when dry. Tufts com-
pact loosely cohering about 1 c. m. high. Habit of Grimmia
crinita. — Schistose and siliceous rocks. Eur. not r. Norway,
Switzerl.i Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
*C.lmmilis Milde.

Leaves somewhat narrower r. or slightly plicate; hairpoint
more rough. — Peristomial teeth sometimes less perforated.
Eur. r. France, Switzerl.i

B. Leaves not plicate. Monoecious.
2.C.Wrightii Sullivant icon, muscor.

Leaves very concave from subovate base abruptly narrowed
subobtusate, often crcnulate above, sometimes reflexed below,
appressed when dry, erect when moist; cells short-rectangular:

— 241 —

bftBal larger, upicnl hyalint'; costa excurrent to a very long
rough hairpoint. Porichetifll leaves not larger. Cnpsnlo im-
mersed Hubdval, truncate at base; pedicel shorter; teeth purplish.
Stem very short. — Hocks r. Amer. »\j. S, south, states*:
Lesq. et Jam. i .

H.C.Ilaiii Austin. — C. Renauldi Cardot. -'. '

Diffois from the last: Leaves carinuto narrower more distinctly
acuminate not n 'urved, patent when moist, goii. entire with
shorter hairpoint; costa gen. not excurrent. Capsule globose
■when young, finally oval; teeth sometimes cleft. — Amer. r.
U. S.: Henry, com. Cardot. • >

4.C calyptratus Hooker. — Grimmia Hook.; SuU. icon, ni.;
Coseinodon C. Jensen (in htt.); Grimmia coiumbica Kindb.
bull. Torr. club.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate channelled, recurved below; basal
cells subquadrate much larger than the upper; hairpoint long
rough; costa percurrent. Perichetial leaves sublinear much
longer. Capsule not or scarcely emergent above the hairpoints,
oblong-cylindric smooth or slightly striate yellow or orange-
colored: lid rosti-ate or rostellate; annulus none; pedicel straight
or r. curved, longer than capsule. Stem 2 — 3 c. m. long or
shortei-. Tufts dense glaucous green. — Dry alp. rocks. Amer.
Can. Paeif. distr,: Macoun. U. S. Calif.: con. Maeoun. (Mexico:
Fendler, herb. SuUiv., com. C. Mueller).

106. ISrachysteliiiiii Reicheiibach; C. M.

A. Perichetial leaves not convolute. Peristomial teeth pa-
pillose indistinctly articulate not deflexed.

I. Ptychoinitriiini. Ijea\e8 plicate below, serrate above.
Peristomial teeth us. subpaitite. Plants somewhat robust. Ha-
bit of Qrfholrichum (Ulota).

II. Notarisia. Leaves not plicate, entire or slightly sinuolate.
Peristomial teeth often entire or irregularly cleft. Plants small.
Habit of Weisia.

B. Perichetial leaves convolute. Peristomial teeth smooth
articulate, deflexed when dry,

III. Glyplioniitriiim. Leaves entire not j)licate. Plants small.

]. Ptycliomitrium Brueh.
l.'^.polypb.vlllini Dickson. — Bryum D.; Brachystelium Horn-
schuch.

Leav'es from ovate-oblong subconcave broadly recurved base
somewhat abruptly tapering to u long carinate nearly subulate
acumen, incurved or .nearly straight when moist; outer bjisal

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cells Bhort-rectangnlar, the inner narrower, the alar brown;
coRta scarcely percurrent. Capsule oblong; teeth reddish below,
yellowish in upper half; pedicel flexuons or ai'cuate when
young and moistened; calyptrp not long. Spores about 0,01 m.
m. — Rocks and stonewalls. Eur. not r. in southern dibtr.
France, Switzerl.l Norway: R. Hartinan. Spain: Levier.
2.B.0ardneri Lesquereux. — Ptychomitrium Lq.; Brachystelium
Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves wholly carinate gradually acu-
minate less distinctly plicate, falcate when moist; outer basal
cells subquadrate. Capsule subcylindric; teeth blood-red; pe-
dicel not flexuous. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Ho'.vell and Henderson, com. Cardot. ■'■ . ' *

II. Notarisia Hampe.
3.B.lligricans Kunze. — Macromitrium Kunze; Brachystelium
Kindb.

J.ieave.=? entire not involute, from short concave base contrac-
ted to the broad-subulate channelled or near apex carinnte
acumen, gen. aciite; cells of acumen nearly opake, the margi-
nal ba?al often subquadrate; other basal cells rectangular also
pellucid, the inner not much narrower, the lowest larger often
yellowish princ. the alar; costa distinct nearly to apex. Cap-
sule oblong with indistinct neck; pedicel rigid. Spores 0,02
m. m. — Rocks r. Eur. Portugal: Solms Laubach, com. Na-
thorst (Teneriffa, com. Hubnol).

* B.Drummondii Hooker et Wilson. — Grimmia 11. W.;
Brachystelium C. M.; Ptychomitrium Sull. ic. m. , .i

Capsule oval. Leaves not reflexed at base, sometimes slightly
sinuolate near apex. — Trees r. Amsr. U. S. south, st.: Lang-
lois, com. Cardot.

4.B.illCurvum Sehwregrichen. — Weisia Schw.j Brachystelium
C. M.; Ptychomicrium Sull. ic. m. r '

Leaves entire, from short concave base contracted to the
sublinear involute and at borders thickened acumen, gen. obtuse;
cells of acumen opake, the lower basal rectangular hyaline;
costa faint above. Capsule oval with short or indistinct neck;
pedicel often curved when moistened. Spores about 0,01 m. m.
Smaller than the last. — Rocks j^rinc. of sandstone, r. Amer.
U. S: Fitzgerald, com. Rcnauld. »Can.: Macoun»: Lesq. et
Jam.

* B.glyphoinitrioideR Balsamo et Notaris. — Grimmia B. et
N.; Brachysteleum C. M.; Ptychomitrium pusillum Br. eur.

— 243 —

Leaves more dietinctly involute and suboucullate. Peristomial
teeth often split. — Rock^ r. Eur. Switzerl. near Lugano!
5.B.pygmaBUlll Lesq. et Jam. ~ Ptychomitriura L. J.; Brachy-
stelium Kindb. '

»Leave8 linear from ovate base; costa vanishing far below
apex. Capsule oval; neck a third as long; teeth joined in
pairs at base, sometimes connate their whole length; calyptra
covering the capsule to its base. Plants Vv^ry small. — On
stones (?). Amer. U. S.: E. Hall»: Lesq. et Jam.

III. Glyphomitrium Bridel.
B.li.DaTiesii Dickson. — Bryum Dicks,; Brachystelium Kindb.

Leaves narrow sublinear not or slightly reflexed below, from
suboblong not well defined base gradually tapering to a long
subulate carinate acumen; nearl}'^ all cells quadrate not opake:
only the lowest rectangular not much larger; costa percurrent.
Pcrichetial leaves suboblong apiculate; cosia subexcurrent. Cap-
sule subglobose or obovate; neck nearly half as long; teeth
broad; calyptra covering capsule; annulus none. Leaves some-
times with brood filaments. Spores 0,03 — 0,04 m. m. — Ba-
saltic ro^ks r. Eur. Scotl.i Schimper. Engl.: W. H. Pearson.
Irel.: Stewart, com. Le Jolis.

T.B.canadense Mitten, — Glyphomitrium M.; BrachysteUum
Kindb.

» Leaves lanceolate tapering to an acute or blunt point; bor-
ders recurved below to middle; basal cells oblong, the angular
narrower. Perichetial leaves very broadly ovate. Capsule oval;
pedicel shorter than in the last. — 4mer. r. Can.: Drummond»:
Lesq. et Jam.

107. Drumuiondia Hooker, musci amer. 1828.
l.D.clayellata Schwaigrichen. — Macromitrium Schw.; Drum-
mondia Hooker.

Leaves suboblong or broadly ovate-lanceoLite. acute or very
short- acuminate, carinate at least above, not distinctly involute;
cells small rotundate, the few not well-defined alar subquadrate;
costa not wholly percurrent. Perichetial leaves nearly similar
but with short-rectangular cells at angles near base. Capsule
subglobose-ovoid brown smooth; lid nearly flat, long-rostrate;
annulus none; pedicel short. Calyptra long-rostrate reaching
below the unripe capsule, finally concave and cucullate. Spores
very large about (),0G m. ni. Tufts green or brown green.
Dioecious. — On trees. Amer. Can. r.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell;
Sullivant, com. C. M.; Fit/gerald, com, llcnauld,

n

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in

if' i !

ill ! ■'

J'^ i

'J

— 244 —

2.B.canadensis Kindb. revue br3'ol. 1896. — D. clavellata var.
canadensis Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from the last: Tieaves gen. subobtuee, channelled,
distinctly involute at borders all around. Perichetial leaves
broader, more obtuse; nea»*l}' rll cells lax and long-rectangular.
Capsule globose a little larger; lid short-rostrate. Tufts some-
times brown. Monoecious. Nearly allied to D. ohtusifolia C.
M. from Chili. — On trees r. Amer. Can. near lake Erie:
Macoun.

108. Scouleria Hooker.

Ao Leaves broad, thinly or indistinctly limbate only below.
Peristome gen. persistent at least partly.
l.S.aqiiatica Hooker. — Grimmia Scouleri C. M.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, broader at base, be'.ow middle tape-
ring to the contracted broad ])oint, sharply serrate to it from
middle, blackish (or only the uppermost green) and strongly
apprcssed when diy; marginant cells opake very distinct; other
cells gen. dusky thick-walled, exc. few linear not porose inner
basal. Inner perichetial leaves shorter and less dusky. Perigo-
nial leaves short suboval very obtuse. — Wet rocks r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot. v ^ . • '

y.SMuellevi Kindb. cat. Canad. m. ' • '^ ,

Leaves subelliptic, broader near middle, with very short ar-
roundcd broad point, sharply serrate from it to below middle,
olive green and sometimes less strongly appressed when dry;
cells subpeliuoid, the marginant pale orange not well-defined,
the linear inner basal numerous porose. Inner perichetial
leaves very pellucid from short dilated entire base tapering to
a sublinear <^errate acumen. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif.
distr. Brit. Col. near Revelstok 1890 and Vane. isl. 1893:
Macoun.

* S.catilliformis C. Mueller,

Leaves nearly entire; marginant cells dusky. Capsules un-
known. — Amer. r. U. S.: Roell, com. C. Mueller.
8.S.Neevii C. Mueller.

Differs from S. Muelleri: Leaves obtusely crenulate, patent
when dry; upper cells dusky, the lower subpellucid, the mar-
ginant opake, the linear inner basal few not porose. Capsules
unknown. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Selkirk
mts 1885 and 1890: Macoun. (Determined by C. M.)

• B. .Leaves narn.w thickly limbate all around. Peristome
very short and brittle soon deciduous or adhering to lid. •''<

— 245 —

4.S.margin{ita Britton.

Leaves narrowly ovate- lanceolate channelled or faintly cari-
nate above, serrate at the obtuse acumen, blackish and nearly
appressed when dry; nearly all cells uniform subquadrate exc.
the onter rectangular near borders; uppermost cells more opake.
Perichetial leaves similar but longer acuminate. — Rocks above
the water-line r, Amer. U. S. Calif.: Marshall A. Howe.

Fam. 24. WeislaceaB. '

109. Barbula Hodwig.

A. Basal tube of peristome elongate. Pedicel straight.

I. Syiltricllia. Peristomial legs us. contorted.

1. Kuraiitbrines. Leases us. Ungulate- spathulate, with
hairpoint (exc. B. mutica); basal cells us. long. Us. dioecious.

2. SubulataBfoi'liies. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or sublinear
lingulate without hairpoint; basal cells long. Monoecious.

8. Canescentes. Leaves oval-ovate without hairpoint; basal
cells short. Monoecious. Plants small and low. ' ''■'

B. Basal tube of peristome very short or indistinct.

a. Leaves mamillose. Peristome sometimes not contorted.
Pedicel straight or curved.

II. Timmiella. Leaves long sublinear, often serrulate above,
neither reflexed nor limbate, curled when dry; basal cells rect-
angular; costa r. excurrent. Capsule cylindric often large.

b. Leaves papillose. Peristome not contorted. Pedicel
straight or curved.

III. Zygotricbiii. Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate
reflexed r. with hairpoint; basal cells large rectangular.

1. Orthopodiae. Pedicel straight. Spores about 0,02 m.
m. Leaves not limbate.

2. Camptopudise. Pedicel arcuate when moist. Spores
about 0,04 m. m. Leaves broadly yellow4imbate.

c. Leaves papillose or smooth. Peristome us. contorted.
Pedicel straight. ■ •'

aa. Capsule placed on short lateral branches. Leaves
broadly limbate below by narrow hyaline cells, serrulate above,

IV. Pleurochaete. Leaves not reflexed, curled when dry;
costa not excurrent. Peristome much contorted. Dioecious.

bb* Capsule terminal. Leaves gen. entire r. denticulate,
us. curled when dry.

V. Tortellai Leaves neither reflexed nor limbate, from dila-
ted base gen. longly acuminate, without hairpoint; basal cells

,i< ff

Hi

m

•Hi ]

— 246 —

long hyaline ascending liigher at margins than the others;
costa UB. excurrent.

VI. Tortula. Leaves sometimes reflexed or limbate, gen.
sublingulate or sublinear, sometimes With hairpoint; basal cells
not higher ascending at margins.

1. CimeifoliJP. Leaves smooth not limbate without hair-
point, not or near ba.'<e slightly reflexed; basal cells long.
Stem longish. Spores about 0,015 m. m.

2. LimbatSB. Leaves papillose limbate (by several cell-
rows, without hairpoint, not reflexed; basal cells long. Stem
very short. Spores about 0,01 m. m.

3. Mural iformes. Leaves papillose reflexed to above middle,
sometimes limbate by one cell-row, often with hairpoint; basal
cells long. Spores about 0,01 m. m. Stem us. short.

4. UllglliculataB. Leaves »^ipillose not (or only by one
cell-row) limbate, without hairpoint, not or only below the
middle reflexed; basa) cells sometimes short-rectangular. Spores
about 0,01 m. m. Stem often long.

VIL Eii-Barbula. Leaves not limbate, without hairpoint, gen.
from dilated base acuminate, us. reflexed and not large; cells
small us. short, the basal not higher ascending. Capsule small
us. oblong. Tufts us. dense.

1. Platyneuron. Leaves strongly revolute often nearly to
costfi, entire and us. spirallj' twisted about stem, small and
us. brownish; costa thick. Perichetial leaves sometimes shea-
thing or subconvolute. Stem low. Dioecious.

2. Streblotrichuni. Leaves not or not strongly revolute,
not sheathing, r. denticulate. Perichetial leaves convolute. Pe-
dicel often yellow.

3. Lsptobai'bula. Upper (also perichetial) leaves sheathing
subconvolute not reflexed. Plants small. Dioecious.

4. P8eudo-Du1.yniod()lt. Leaves gen. (not strongly) reflexed,
r. denticulate; the perichetial not sheathing. Dioecious.

a. Acutaeforines. Leaves (at least the perichetial) with
long' excurrent costa.

b. Purpurea: '^■jrnies. Leaves neither crisped nor curved,
small and us. red; costa gen. not excurrent.

c. Failaciformes. Leaves curved us. crisped; costa not
excurrent. Annulus of the capsule us. indistinct. Tufts gree-
nish or rufescent.

d. Yinealiforiu&s. Leaves curved and crisped; costa some-

!'!>.

:!'li

— 247 -

times Bhort-excurreiit. AnimluB revoluble gen. broad. Tufts
greenish, rufeecent or reddish.

I. Syntrichia C. Mueller.
1. RuraliformeB.
A. Leaves short not distinctly carinate; lower basal cells
uniform hyaline (in B. Icevipila the outer sometimes narrower
and not hyaline); hairpoint often Bmooth, sometimes (in B. mutica)
wanting. Peristome contorted, longer than basal tube. Dioe-
cious or (J5. alpina and sometimes B. Icevipila) monoecious.
Stem not high.

nearly fiat, sometimes reflexed near

Leaves muticous

Tortula Lindb.; Barbula Kindb.; B.

a.

base.

l.B.mutica Lindberg.

latifolia (Bruch) Br. eur.

Leaves subepathulate obtuse. Capsule large; teeth once or
twice contorted. Tufts dusky green. Often with propagula
(brood-corpuscles). Very r. fruiting. — On base of trees r.
on stones. Eur. not r. in warmer districts. Germanyl Sweden;
Lindberg; S. Hardin. Amer. r. U. S. Oregon: Roell.

b. Leaves with hyaline us. short and smooth hairpoint,
involute (at least when dry) above, fiat below.
2 B.papillosa Wilson. — Tortula Wils.; Barbula C. M.

Leaves subspathulate or short-lingulate obtuse. Capsule very
small; teeth faintly contorted. Tufts dusky or brownish green.
Often with propagula. »Fruiting only in Australia*: Braith-
waite. — On trees princ. in warmer distr, Eur. lees r. SwitzerLI;
Roell. Norway: E. Nyman. Sweden: Lindberg. France; Hus-
not. Amer. r, »U. ').»: Lesq. et Jam.

C. Leaves us. with hairpoint, not involute, reflexed below.

aa. Peristome not much contorted, much longer than tube.
S.B.alpina Br. eur.

Leaves oblong-lingulate sometimes subacute, reflexed below
middle: the lower muticous; lower basal cells somewhat email
and not much long; costa smooth reddi.sh; hairpoint smooth
red or hyaline gen. short. Tufts rusty red below. Monoecious.
— Rocks princ, in alps r. ^wr. Switzerl.! France: Philibert.
Austria: Breiuler. Sweden: A. Grape.
* B.phgorum Milde,

• Leaves not reflexed, often with propagula. Capsules un-
known. — Stone-walls r. Eur. Austria: Milde »: Limpricht.
4.B.brevipe8 Lesquereux. — »B. alpina*: cat. Can. m.

Differs from B. alpina: Leaves nearly flat at borders, obtuse

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— 248 —

often emarginate; hnirpoint longer, somotinieK denticulate. Pe-
ristoniial tube longer. Stem and pedioel ver}' much shorter.
Dioecious. — Amer. r. C;in. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

S.B.rotiindo-einarginata C. M. et Kmdb. 1. o.

Differs from B. alpina: Leaves Hul)si)athulate shorter and
broadly emarginate, more rellexed to above middle; hairpoint
liyaline denticulate longer. Capsules unknown. Dioecious. —
Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

bl>. Peristome several times contorted, not much longer
than tube.

G.B.hevipila Bridel. — Tortula Brid.; Barbula Br. eur.

Leaves oblong-lingulate us. obtuse, nearly fiat or slightly
reflexed at base; lower cells sometimes diversiform; costa brown
or green not denticulate but sometimes minutely papillose;
hairpoint hyaline us. smooth. Capsule long cylindric. Tufts
us. olive-green. Sometimes monoecious. — Trees princ. in
warmer distr. Eur., not r. France, Switzerl., Italy! Sweden:
S. Hardin. Amer. r. Can.: Roell.

T.B.bracliyangia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from the last: Leaves more reflexed; costa red rough;
hairpoint pale red at least below, slightly denticulate above.
Capsule short suboblong; peristome not seen. Tufts reddish
brown. Dioecious. — Amer. r. Can. Anticosti: Macoun.

B. Leaves gen. long and distinctly carinate; hairpoint den-
ticulate. Dioecious or {B. Muelleri) synoecious.

a. Leaves faintly carinaie; basal cells somewhat short and
wide nearly uniform, the outei often less pellucid and not
much narrower. Synoecious or polygamous.

S.B.Muellei'i Bruch. — B. princeps C. M.

Leaves long sublinear-lingulate obtuse, reflexed to above
middle, not or slightly curved when moistened; costa red nearly
smooth; hairpoint hyaline. Capsule large; teeth twice contor-
ted. Tufts high, rusty red b^low. — On stone r. on trees, r.
Eur. France: Philibert. Gree-^e: Heldreich. Italy: Arcangeli.
Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: com. Cardot.

b. Leaves distinctly carinate; basal cells long uniform hya-
line not porose. Dioecious.

9.B.norvegica F. Weber. — Syntrichia F. Web. 1804; Bar-
bula Lindb.; B. aciphylla Br. eur. 1842.

Leaves long sublinear-lingulate more or less acuminate or
acute; costa faintly rough; hairpoint red nearly smooth. — On

— 249 —

Btoiie in ali)H. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzoil, Spain! Sweden:

Lindberg. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

lO.B.pseiid-aciphylla Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 63. •

Leaves long Biil)linear-lingulate obtuse; costa very rougb above;
hairpoint red only at base or in upper balf. Capsule narrower
than in the last; peristome not seen. — Rocks in alp. region
r. Amer. Brit. Col. and Rocky mts: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

c. Leave distinctly carinate; basal cells diversiform. Dioe-
cious. ,, . ; •

aa. Leaves large long narrow, reflexed nearly all around,
us. curved when moistened.
ll.B.ruralis L. — Bryum L; Barbula Hedwig. ' ' ' '

Leaves broadly limbate below, very papillose, us. obtuse and
sublinearlingulate; outer basal cells (jirinc. in elder leaves)
narrower and porose; costa red ver}' rough above; hairpoint
hyaline or only at base red. Pcrihtome red twice contorted,
gen. not shorter than tube. Tufts rusty red below. — Stones,
sand, trees and roofs. Eur. common but in alp. regions r.
Sweden, Switzerl! Amer. Can. eastern districts: Macoun.

* B.ruraliforinis Bescherelle.

Leaves gen. ovate- lanceolate acuminate or acute with defluent
hail-point. Tufts brown. — Sandy places r. Eur. Sweden!
France: Le Jolis. Amer. »U. S.»: Cardot.
'^ B.alaskana Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves long-attenuate subacute. Peristome faintly twisted
shorter than tube. Tufts brown, green above. — Amer. r. Can.:
J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun,

* B.rubicundula Kindb. n. subsp. v, k

Leaves shorter, all red; the lower with very short red point;
costa less rough. Habit of B. alpina. — Calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Sweden in island Oeland!
ri.B.megalocarpa Kindb. bull. Torr. club. ■. ■ > -

Differs from B. ruralis: Leaves us. larger, often short-acumi-
nate acute, less reflexed above; outer basal cells golden yellow
and narrower than the inner; hairpoint often red in lower half.
Capsule larger; peristome faintly contortttl, shorter than tube.
— Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. and Cypress hills: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell. • " ' •''^- ■'

IS.B.submegalocarpa Kindb. in Hedwigia 1890 p. 64.

Differs from B. ruralis: Leaves longer narrow and less reflexed
above, from broader base attenuate or sublinear; outer basal
cells golden yellow not porose; hairpoint often red in

17

i*

f:

I ;.

'

— 250 —

lower half. Peristome faintly contorted, Hhorter than tube. —
Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit, Col,: Macoun. U. S.:

Roell. !;.!;!..;(,. I

14.B.l(eyiuSCUla Kindb. cat. Canad. musci.

Leaves narrowly limbate below, sublinear-lingulate obtuse,
nearly smooth at the bordern, not much twisted when dry; the
outer marginal cells in 1 or 2 rows hyaline, inner marginal in
2 or 3 rows yellow porose and longer; costa red-brown smooth
or indistinctly papillose, more rough near apex; hairpoint gen.
wanting, in uppermost leaves denticulate long hyaline or at
base red. Capsule narrower than in B. iuralis\ peristome pale
red much contorted and very much longer than tube; pedicel
very thin and not long. Tufts high brown. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

bb. Leaves somewhat short and less reilexed, not or scarcely
curved when moistened.

15.B.lllontana Esenbcck. — Syntrichia Es.; Barbula Kindb.;
Syntrichia intermedia Brid.; Barbula Milde. ?

Leaves sublinear-lingulate broadly limbate below gen. reflexed
to above middle; upper cells smaller than in B. ruralis; costa
brown-red less rough; hairpoint of upper leaves us. very long
denticulate or r. short. Peristome us. twice contorted. Tufts
olive-green, lower than in B. ruralis. — Stones princ. calcareous.
Eur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.I Engl.: Rogers. Greece: Hauss-
knecht. Amer. r. U. S.: Roell.

IG.B.pulyiuata Juratzka. — B. danioa M. F. Lange; B. lato-
excisa C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves somewhat small sublingulate narrowly limbate below
by pale green cells, often nearly flat or slightly reflexed; costa
nearly smooth us. brown; hairpoint thin faintly rough not long.
Capsule somewhat small; teeth once contoi'ced. Tufts brown-
green us. not high. — On trees or r. on stones. — Eur. not
r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Roell.

* B.papillinerTi8 C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Upper leaves subacute; costa reddish more papillose. Cap-
sule short Buboblong. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

* B.leptotricha C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves with nearly smooth hairpoint. — Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun. -,;.;■--- .r 4:, .r -'^Li"., ■= ii^;.:.,n.;- 1

2. Subulatseformes.

A. Leaves us. not reflexed; costa smooth us. excurrent.
Peristome shorter than tube.

— 251 -

17.B.8ubu1atR L. — Bryum L.; Barbula JieauvoiH.

Leaves euboblong-lingulate or Bublanceolate often limbaU; ub.
obtuBate papillose with yellowish point of costa. Capsule
large. Tufts us. green. — On earth. Eur. common below alps.
Sweden, France, Svvitzerl.l Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
* B.ailgU8tata Wilson. — Tortula Wils.; Barbula Schimper.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate acute; costa long-excurrent.
— Eur. not common. Sweden, Svvitzerl.l Amer. Can.: Macoun.
IS.B.Diucronifolia Schwcegrichen. — Tortula Schw.; Barbula
Br. eur.

Leaves suboblong obtusate smooth not limbate, smaller than
in B. suhulata, sometimes with reddish point. Differs also in smaller
capsule and shorter peristomial tube. — Alp. rocks. Eur. not
r. Norway, Switzerl.l Austria: Venturi. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun;
Fowler.

B. Leaves reHexed nearly all around; costa papillose gen.
percurrent. Peristome longer than tube.
19.B.inerillis Montague. — Tortula Mont.; Barbula C. M.

Leaves oblong-lingulate papillose not limbate gen. subobtuse.
Tufts brown-green. — Stone in warmer distr. r. Eur. Germany:
Herpell. France: Husnot. Spain: Dieck, com. Roell. Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

) 3, Canescentes.

20.B.cane8cen8 Bruch.

Leaves oval-ovate short-acuminate or subacute papillose not
limbate, reflexed nearly all around; costa papillose long-excur-
rent. Capsule not large; teeth red twice contorted. — Earth
on rocks r. Eur. in warmer distr. France: Husnot; Le Jolis.
Germany: Herpell. Greece: Orphanides.
21.B.0uepini Schimper. — Desmatodon Br. eur.

Leaves subovate short-acuminate acute very small slightly
reflexed below. Capsule smaller than in the last with larger
Bpores and shorter peristomial tube; teeth half-twisted red or
whitish. — Earth r. Eur. France: Bescherelle. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

n. Timmiella Notaris. ' '

A. Leaves with not excurrent costa, often serrulate above.
22.B.anoiliala Br. eur. — Trichostomum Schimp.

Leaves large subacute. Capsule large long oblong-cylindric;
teeth red once contorted; annulus narrow; pedicel red. Stem
not high, nearly naked below. Tufts dusky or yellowish green.
Monoecious or r. synoecious. — On earth and stone-walls r.

if! h

X f*:

ii

— 252 —

Eur. princ. in Mcditerr. dintr. Switzerl.! Aii«tria: Ventiiri.

Itnly: E. Adlerz. Greece: Holdreich. Amer. Paeif. dintr. Can.:

Mncoiin.

23.«.liisltnnlca Bridel. — Tortula Uriel.; Burbulu Kiiidb.; Tri-

choatoniuin Baibiila Schwa.'griehon.

Leaves large acute or hhort-acuniiiiate. Cai)Bule m in the
last; teeth red not or slightly twinted; annnlus none; pedicel
red, pale above. Paroecious or monoeciouH. Resembles the
last. — On stones r. Eur. princ, in Mediterr. distr. Switzerl.l
Portugal: Levier. France: Anthouard.

24.B.flexiseta Bruch. — Trichostonmni Bruch; Jiarbula Kindb.;
Trichostomum llexipes Br. cur; Ilusnot m. Gall. .,;.-. f\ .f;

Smaller than the both last. Loaves acute often short-acu-
minate. Capsule short oblong-cylindric; teeth pale yellow not
twisted; annulus broad; pedicel pale above, often dellexed. Tufls
low green. Dioecious. — On earth r.: Eur. »Portugal and
Sardinia*: Schiniper. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. .' ••■ m ,r>(.;

B. Leaves Avith excurrent costa.
25.B.vaucouverieMsls Brotherus. — Timmiella Broth.; Barbula
Kindb.; Trichostomum Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves acute longer than in the last, denticulate to below
middle. Capsule cylindric; teeth pale not twisted; annulus
broad; pedicel yellowish ilexuous. Tufts pale green about 3
c. m. iiigh. Dioecious. — Earth r. Amer. Can. Vane. isL:
Macoun; Roell, com. Brotherus.

III. Zygotrichia.. • i. .i; ni

1. OrthopodisB.
26.B.latifo1ia Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Barbula Kindb.; Tor-
tula Lindb.; Desmatodon Br. eur.

Leaves rcilexed nearly all around, short-acuminate or sub-
obtuse, sometimes with yellowish point; costa gen. not percur-
rent. Capsule us. erect suboblong, sometimes broader or nar-
rower; teeth orange-red not or slightly twisted. — Earth in
alp. regions. Eur. common. Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. not r.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
* B.brevicaulis Bridel. — Desmatodon Brid.; Barbula Kindb.

Capsule slightly inclined; lid often systylic. Stem short. Eur.
Norway!
''' B.glacia lis Funck. — Desmatodon Funck; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves piliferous; costa abbreviate. Stem high. — Eur.
Norway! France: liusuot. Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren. » Rocky
mt8»: Leaq. et Jam. ii:-' ii'. j . !;> ; .• j^.-av . .i i ' ^i/fi " i»</i<1

— S5S —

Rarbula Kindb.;
Tortilla bryoides

27.B.snborfCiji Diurrunond. — Tortuln Drum.; Rarbuln Kindb.;
Desmntodon obliquus Br. eur.

•■? Leaves not reflexed ii upper tbird, gen. ovate-oblong acu-
niMiate acute; conta long-excurrent. C.npsule Bubcylindric sligbtly
inclined or erect; teetb nearly once or balf-twJHted p.ile red.
Stem very pbort. — Rockn in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway!
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drutnmond 145.
■mr I itr'Hi' ' rw 2. Camptopodiffi. (''i
28.B.Lanrerl Rcbnltz. ~ Tricboptomum Scbz
Tortnla Lindb.; Denniatodon Br. et Sob.;
Drummond.

••• Leaves oval-ol)long or oblong-lingulate PometimeH acute, sub-
pellucid, reflexed all around; costa sbort-excurrent. Capsule
oblong; teetb balf-twisted. — Crevices of idcks in alp. regions
r, Eur. Noivvay! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond 185.

IV. Pleuroclucte fiindberg. '

2{).B.sqnarro.sa Brfdel. ^

: Leaves large ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate nearly subulate,
sqiiarrose wlien moint. Capsule subcylindric; pedicel long. Tnfts
eradiculose [.ale green or yellowisb. V^ery r. fruiting. — Cal-
careous rocks princ. in •warmer districts r. Eur. Switzerl.l Nor-
way: Ryan. Greece: Kcdreich. France: Husnot. Amer. »U.
S.»: Lceq. et Jam. 'j?"* •' ; . ., a

V. Tortella C. Mueller.
A. Leaves rigid very brittle, tbe lower not crisped. Dioecious
r. fruiting.
SO.B.frftgilLs Drummond. — Didymodon Drum.; Barbula

Wilson. .:.:'^'-Ur.,K--H ,^^ /''-<. .::/--s -!::,. \:t L;-; v:'.-:,- i

Leaves long long-acuminate nearly subulate; costa long-ex-
ourrent. Ca])sule subcylindric somewhat large; teeth red much
contorted; pedicel long often very thin. Tufts yellowish green
often high. — Wet earth princ. in alps. Eur, Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghornc; Drummond 142.
Bl.B.liitida Tjindberg. — Tortnla Lindb.; Barbula Juratzka;
Trichostomum Schimper.

Leaves sublinear short-acuminfite acute shorter than in the
last; costa short-excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth
yellow rudimentary not twisted. Tufts yellowish or blackish
brown below, often not high. — Princ. on calcareous rocks, r.
Eur. Switzerl. I Engl.: Rogers. Irel.: Holt. Italy: Bottini. Bel-
gium: Gravet. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

Bt Leaves us. crisped and soft (in B. tortuosa sometimes

254 —

ir i^

1 1

brittle); cofata short-excurrent. Dioecious or (J5. ccespifosa) mon-
oecioup.

a. Lower leaves very small, the upper suddenly much lar-
ger. Peristome net or slightly twisted. Tufts low yellowish
greeu.

32.B.i!aTOVirens Bruch. — Trichostomum Bruch; BarbulaKindb.;
Tortula Lindb.

Leaves shorter than in B. tortuosa; the upper from broader
base sublinear short-acuminate gen. obtuse; costa subpercurrent.
Capsule suboblong or subcylindric; teeth dark red not twisted;
pedicel red-yellow. — Calcareous rocks r. Eur, princ. in Me-
diterr. distr. France: Schimper. Italy: Arcangeli; Bottini. Engl.:
Holt. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
* B.yiridiflaya Notaris. — Trichostomum Not.; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves shorter and not crisped; costa narrow^er and longer-
bxcurrent. Capsule shorter; teeth orange. — Eur. r. Italy:
Forsyth, com. Levier.

BS.B.inflexa Bruch. — Trichostomum Bruch; Barbula Kindb.;
Tortula Lindb. , ! = it: r-.ttu;; -

Differs from the last: Upper leaves incurved at apex; costa
excurrent to an hyaline point. Capsule suboblong; teeth red
slightly twisted; pedicel yellow above. — Calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Itsly: Venturi.

b* Leaves gradually larger upwards. Peristome us. con-
torted.
34.B.tortuol!)a L. — Bryum L.; Barbula Weber et Mohr.

Leaves gen. long longly acuminate and neaily subulate,
r. shorter and brittle; costa very short-excurrent. Capsule
oblong-cylindric or subcylindric; teeth red us. several times
contorted; pedicel yellow above. Tufts us. high and yellowish
green. — Rocks princ. calcareous. Eur. common, Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. not r Can.: Macoun.

>- Trichostomum Bambergeri Schimper. — Leaves brittle sub-
linear or the upper long- acuminate 8ul)ulate, sometimes broader
acuminate with some teeth and large hyaline cells at apex.
Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth red not twisted. Stone-walls r.
Eur. Austria; Bamberger and Breidler»: Limpricht. — A doubt-
ful species, sDidymodon mutabilis var.»: Venturi et Bottini.
Sb.B.incUnata Hed.vig fil. — Tortula H. fil.; Barbula Schwee-
grichen.

Leaves shorter than in B. tortuosa, from broader base sub-
lineai gen. obtusate or sometimes cucullate at apex. Capsule

\14

— 255 —

shorter, suboblong often curved; teeth red leGB contorted; pedi-
cel yellow abovt. Tufts dense yellowish green or brown not
high. — Calcareous earth. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.I
Greece: Heldreich. France: Boulay. ,. \

36.B.incliiiatula C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves as in the last but nearly straight when moist and
more 'nvolute above; the perichetial whitish much broder.
Capsule narrowcylinuric not large, nearly straight; teeth much
contort d. Tufts loosely cohering about 0,5 c. m. high. —
Sandy soil in alps r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. ,■ .,.,-\i
BT.B.Ctespitosa Schwregrichen. — B. cirrata Bruch.

Differs from B. tortuosa: Monoecious. Leaves shorter, less
narrowly or longly acuminate; their hyaline basal part often
denticulate above; costa more distinctly excurrent. Capsule
smaller; pedicel shorter and thinner, flexuous and yellow, finally
reddish. Tufts low often not cohering. — On earth and at
buse of trees r. Eur. Francel Spain: Dieck, com. Roell. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Langloia, com. Cardot.

VL Tortula Bridel, in part. ' '■■

f) y, ; ; >r • 1. Cunejfoliee. , '>.» ?<•'; /■

38.B.cimeifolla Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Barbula Brid.

Leaves subovate-suboblong or subovnl, obtuse or acute and
not reflexed: the upper nearly crisped when dry; costa green
excurrent to a smooth nearly hyaline often long point. Cap-
sule suboblong; teeth dark purplish scarcely more than once
contorted. Tufts green higher than in B. muralis. Monoecious.
— Rocks in warmer dis^^^ ^'cts r. Eur. Engl.: Curnow. France:
Husnot. Greece: Heldreich. Amer. Can.: Macoun (»B. Vahlii»
cat. Can. ra.)

39.B.subciineifolia Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves suboval-ovate sometimes acute or apiculate, slightly
reflexed below, larger than in the last and not crisped; costa
liot excurrent finally red-brown. Capsule as in the last; peri-
stomial tube moro prominent. Monoecious. — Arctic. Pacif.
diatr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

40.B.Garberi Lesq. et Jam. — Desmatodon L. J.j Barbula
Kindb. ..,ut ,-- t

» Leaver* oblong or lingulate-lanceolate obtuse inflexed above;
cells scarcely papillose; costa percurrent. Capsule oblong-oval;
teeth partita. Habit of Trichostomum arenaceum. Dioecious. —
Amer, r. U. S.»: Lq. et Jam.

^'^l^'i

'f- vis; *
:..'. -ill e

■ t'l, t " f

>' ,1'.

*'

l=. ;■■

I

— 256 —

,f

A.

:i^ '''■'■•'. •' . 2. Limbatse. i'?^' V""'-''^'*' ,.
'.'-.eaves limbaly by yellow narrow-rectangular cells.

>: i'u ■*

41.B.inargrinata Br. eur. — Tortula Spruce.

Leaves suboblong gen. acute; costa somewhat longly excurrent.
Peristome once contorted. — Sand?itone-wall8 and roadsides in
vvarnier districts r, Eur. France: Philibert; Bouvet. Portugal:
Levier. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. ' •■-> ^u . .'.iA .......

'" B.Iimbata Lindberg. — Tortula Lindb.

» Leaves larger, broader limbate. — Eur. r. Italy: Rabenhorst»:
Husnot mue ^ol. GalL
*B,Egelillgi Schliephacke. - u-'riT-r!'.-.. ^^i <{i*olii!^ rrfJ? :>;

• Leaves smaller, not narrowed at base, broader limbate by
larger cells. Capsule smaller. — Amer. r. U. S. Tennessee:
Egeling»: C. M. in Flora 1887.

B. Leaves limbate by subquadrate us. hyaline cells. *:"'i^
42.B.Solmsii Schimper. I i:in

Leaves oval-oblong gen. obtuse; costa somewhat longly ex-
current. Peristome twice contorted. — Eur.x. » Portugal: Holms
Laubach»: Schimper (Madeira: .Fritze, com. Levier.)

43.B.Porteri James. — Desmatodon Jam.; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate short-acuminate acute, the lower with
yellow marginal cells; costa percu.rrent. Peristome half-twisted.
— Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. i,t>?i.' .i' :v-<AM\'n loa

* B.subcarnifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves gen. oblong, less distinctly limbate above; costa some-
times shoi-t- excurrent. Peristome faintly twisted. — Amer. r.
Can. Pelw. island: Macoun.
; 7 ■.'. m>^ 3. Murahformes. H '■^■■•' '' ur^■:^^

A. Leaves somewhat large. Tufts us. loose. •> '* "•'■ • • '
44.B.muralis L. — Bryum L.; Barbula Timm.' ;«ns'*ttj>.' I^ :'

Leaves sublinear or oblong-lingulate obtuse, reflexed to the
hairpoint, often limbate by one cell-row; upper cells opake;
costa us. excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth reddish
2 or 3 times contorted; annulus double. Tufts us. glaucous
green and very loose. Us. monoecious. — Stones, stone-walls
and roofs. Eur nearly common in lower districts. Sweden,
Germany, Switz' 1., Italy! Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
*B.JB8tiva Sch\,.tz.

Leaves long lanceolate-lingulate subacuminate green; costa
flhort-excurrent or subpercurrent. Peristome gen. once contorted.
Us, dioecious, — Eur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.! , - * .v,,..*^

— 257 —

•I "If:

• B.ticinensis Kindb. revne bryol. 1892.

Leaves short oblong-lingulate or subspathulate brown-green;
costa Bhort-excurrent. Capsule oblong. Peristome gen. once
contorted. — Schistose siliceous rocks. Eur. Switzerl. nenr
Luganol

B. Leaves small, less reflexed. Tufts densel}' cohering. •
45.B.((btusifolia Schleicher. — Tortnla Schl.; Barbula Schwffi-
grichen; Desmatodon Jur.; D. flavicans Br. eur. ■hrAisti.ir^n-Snfnk

Leaves short oblong-lingulate obtuse not reflexed in upper
third, smaller than in B. muralis and not limbate; upper cells
opake; costa percurrent or very slightly excurrent. Capsule
suboval or oblong; teeth short brown-red scarcely once contor-
ted; tube sometimes well-distinct; annulus double. Tufts green
somewhat dense. Us. monoecious. — Rocks in higher alp.
region r. Eur. Switzerl. 1750 metr. a. sea! Italy: Philibert
{Asia, Caucase: Brotherus). Amer. Can.: Drummond 115, com.
Macoun.

4G.B.BoIaBnderi Lesqutreux. — B. oarnifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.
Upper leaves lanceolate-Ungulate obtuse or subacute, not
reflexed in upper third, not limbate; upper cells subpellucid
faintly papillose; costa not or slightly excurrent. Capsule
suboblong; teeth once contorted; annulus simple persistent. Tufts
dirty green. Dioecious. Resembles B. muralis *(xstiva. —
Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: M. A. Howe, com. Cardot.

4. I'Tnguiculatffi.

«>tj*r(t' ^^l'}W^^

".irvii- I-

Aj if ■*'>:! >]

It. •*■?,■

A. Annulus of capsule double. Leaves often limbate by
one cell-row. Monoecious. . .,,... ..
47.B.Va]llii Schultz. — Tortula Wilson; Braithwaite.

Upper leaves sublinear or oblong-lanceolate obtuse, slightly
and partly or not reflexed, subpellucid faintly papillose above;
costa long-excurreut. Capsule subcyliudric; teeth twice contor-
ted; tube distinct. Tufts yellowish green. Resembles B. cunei-
folia and B. muralis. — Damp (;lay soil in warmer districts r.
Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaito. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Annulus not distinct. Leaves not liml)ate. Dioecious.
a. Perichetial leaves not sheathing.t^ atfooi;^- =jv c.o ,:..;?' I'l

48.B.U)lguicillaia Hudson. — Bryum Huds.; Barbula Hedwig.
Leaves obtusate at apex (obtuse or subacute) reflexed below
middle, sublinear or subovato-oblong or broadly oblong-lanceolate,
suberect when moist; upper cells opake; the basal narro\7-rec-
tangulai; costa as., excurrent r. percurrent. Perichetial leaves

ii

■j'".ii t

■t

fit

imM.

tm

i\.

258

t 1

lU

acute; costa excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth much
contorted. Tufts dirty green Bometimes high. — Earth and
stone. Eur. common. Sweden, Italy etc.I Greece: Heldreich.
Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: SuUivant,
com. CM. .,,...

49.B.Cruegeri Sonder.

Differs from the last: Leaves patent when moist; basal cells
short-rectangular; costa very slightly excurrent; only the inner-
most perichetial leaves acute and very short with not excurrent
costa. — On earth r. Amer. U. S.: Langlois, com. Cardot
(Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant, com. C. Mueller).

b. Perichetial leaves half-sheathing. All leaves obtuse; costa
not excurrent.

50.B.amplexa Lesquereux. '^'^*'-"'""'^*-'*'^ •"'- -'-*''■*' ^^-^^^^^^-^
Leaves short suboval or short-lingulate, reflexed near base;
basal cells rectangular. Perichetial leaves longer. Capsule sub-
cylindric; teeth once contorted. Stems very short not tufted.
— Amer. r. U. S.: Boleender, com. C. Mueller; Howe, com.
Cardot. »Can.: Drummond»: Macoun.

.>;.Mn.«(u;,„ .,..- - ,, yjj_ Eu-Barbula. >H;Mff: ^)^ .-^-u-i

■';■":•'■ '' ■''^^' ' 1. Platyneuron Kindb. ^-^^'^^qm. ■-V^-^>'i^

Ao Leaves us. doubly re volute. Peristome us. contorted.
51.B.Horn8chiichii Schultz.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute, revolute to apex and
often nearly to the excurrent costa. Perichetial leaves larger,
Buboblong revolute not sheathing; costa long-excurrent. Capsule
oblong-cylindric; teeth much contorted. — On earth r. Eur.
Belgium: Roemer. France: Brebisson; Berthoumieu. Sweden:
J. Persson.

52.B.reYO]uta Schrader. — Tortula Schrad.; Barbula Brid.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate subobtuse, revolute to apex
and nearly to costa; prominent lamina ver}' narrow; costa per-
current or slightly excurrent often broader above. Perichetial
leaves half-sheathing subconvolute; costa not excurrent. Cap-
sule oblong-oval; teeth nearly twice contorted. Tufts dense. —
Princ. on calcareous stonewalls. Eur. in lower and warmer
districts. France! Italy: E. Adlerz. Germany: Herpell, Spain:
Levier. to,^ tu h^i-hk- •'-■-• ui ,»Sf;w:f.j«Jv, y'^vfv^j

f B.oblusula Lindberg.

Perichetial leaves more open. »PeriBtome slightly or not
twieted*: Undb, — Eur, r, Germany: GoU, »Sweden»: Lindb,

269 —

53.B.platynenra C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. '•

Differs from B. revoluta: Leaves shorter, ovate-oblong acute;
costa distinctly excurrent. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

54.B.revolYen8 Schinnper. — Desmatodon Husnot m. G. i'H<t
Leaves oval-oblong obtusate us. obtuse, revolute nearly to
apex; prominent lamina somewhat broad; costa scarcely excur-
rent not broader above. Perichetial leaves sheathing not revo-
lute. Capsule oblong; teeth once contorted. Tufts loose. — -
Stonewalls r. Eur. France: Philibert. .f»li«'^'i<i invdmA-

B. Leaves simply not spirally revolute. Peristome half-
twisted.

55.B.atrOTiren8 Smith. — Grimmia Sm,; Barbula Schimper;
Desmatodon nervosus Br, eur.

Leaves oblong-linear or suboval obtusate, revolute nearly to
apex; prominent lamina broad; cc ta broader above us short-
excurrent. Perichetial leaves similar; the innermost one shor-
ter, neither revolute not sheathing, Capsule suboval. Tufts
loose. — On stone in warmer distr. r. — Eur. France: Le Jolis.
Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. j'^i rwfw i ,fe

56 B.subtorqnescens C. M. et Kindb. I. c. ^^^"^ ^ .

Differs from the last: Leaves less opake and more obtuse
not revolute near apex; prominent lamina broader; costa gen.
percurrent not broader above. Capsule cylindric. Tufts some-
what higher, very compact. — Rocks r. Amer. Can Gaspe
coast and Assa: Macoun. '• i- i > -i^.i , ^ .^ ,..>.:,

2. Streblotrichum Palisot de Beauvois. ,_.

A. Pedicel yellow. Spores small. Dioecious.

Et Peristome much contorted; annulus re voluble. Leaves
papillose entire narrow, crisped; basal cells short-rectangular hya-
line; costa not excurrent. Tufts us. low.

57.B.COilTOlllta Hedwig. — B. Closteri Austin ? - .. f .

Leaves sublinear or cblong-lanceolate obtusate gen, not reflexed:
perichetial nearly nerveless with short point. Capsule oblong;
lid shorter. — On earth. Eur. common below alp. regions.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. Can.: Macoun.
* B.comniutata Juratzka. — Trichostomum undatum Schimper.

Stem higher. Leaves narrow-lanceolate much longer: peri-
chetial broadly acuminate. Capsule larger. — Wet calcareous
rocks also in alps r. Eur Switzerl.I Engl.: Burgess. Belgium:
Roemer, _,. ,^ ._ _ . .

m\

<■ i,

M.i

m

-- 260 —

ti.u

'i !'■

r

1

!1 1

58.B.chi\ysopoda C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. ') n-u^inr nUtJt.rWs
'■ Differs from B. convoluta: Leaves gen. obtuse: perichetinl
much broader, truncate or broadly arrounded at apex Cap-
Bule shorter than lid. — On earth r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Con.
Brit. Col.: Macoun; Vane, isl.: JNIaeoun; Roell.
&d.B.llaTipes Bryol. eur. ■ ■ '

.; Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute reflexed nearly all
around: perichetial subulate-acuminate. Capsule ovate-oblong;
lid much shorter. — Calcareous places in alps r. Eur. Swilzerl.!
Austria: Breidler.

- b. Peristome not twisted; annulus revoluble. Leaves ma-
millose not crisped; cells gen. subquadrate: lower basal rect-
fin^ular; costa long-exeurrent. Tufts to 2 c. m. high. i.: .
GO.B.cllloropiiS Bridel. — Ck-ratodon Brid.; Barbula Kindb.

Lower leaves subovate; the upper ovate-lanceolate attenuate
not reflexed. Perichetial leaves convolute with subulate point.
Capsule erect suboblong striate when dry; lid shorter; teeth
reddish yellow. Tufts dense. — On eiu'th r. ^w/\ France: ►Schim-
per; Philibert. -- ,, .,;r,»^ i.i....,f, .> w v v.. ..^.-r..

B. Pedicel red.

a. Leaves entire reflexed nearly all around. Steiu very

short. ...... \.. . ...i / ,, -, I ...i\ ...'.A v-v^-ej

Ol.B.helyetica Kindb. bull. Soc botan, ital. 1895. , ,,,,

Leaves smooth ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acu-
minate acute; cells subquadrate subhyaline; costa percurrent or
slightly cxcurrent. Liner perichetial leaves convolute obtuse
or with short obtusate point; costa faint not percurrent. Cap-
sule not seen; pedicel red. Dioecious. — JEnr. Switzerl.: Ij. Mari.

b. Leaves not reflexed. Stem elongate. Dioecious.
62.B.palil<losa Schleicher. — »Tortula crocea Bridcl»: Lindb.

Leaves papillose sublinear-lanceolate broadly acuminate acute,
denticulate above (at least the perichetial), not or slightly twi-
sted when dry; basal cells long yellowish; costa percurrent or
slightly excurrent, in iierichetial leaves distinctly excurrent.
Capsule oblong striate when dry; lid rostrate; teeth much con-
torted; annulus none. Stem rcddisii-tomentose often with pro-
pagula. Resembles somewhat Dichodontium. — Wet calcareous
rocks. Eur. princ. in southern districts. Switzerl.j Austria:
M. Huss; Venturi. France: Husiiot.
BB.B.corsica Schimper. — Ceratodon Sen.; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves faintly papillose narrowly ovate-lanceolate gradually
Bubsubulate, entire, crisped when

i-y;

ibquadi

— 261

Khort-rectarigular; costa not excunent. Periohotial leaves con-
volute with short broad obtuse point; costa not excurrent.
Capsule suboblong; lid rostellate; teeth half-twisted with
patent points when dry; annvilus broad. Tufts dense. Habit
of Ceratodon. — Sterile siliceous places r. Eur. Mediterr. distr.
Italy: Arcangeli. France: Goulard.

C. Leaves entire not or indistinctly reHexed. Stena very short.
. aa. Leaves papillose. Peri.stoine rudimentary or wanting.
64.B.bicolor Br. eur. — Gymnostoninm Br. eur.; Barbula
Lindb.

Leaves ovate-lanoeolatc acuminate acute marked with orange
stripes at base; basal cells short-rectangular yellow or brown-
yellow; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule oblong-
cylindric plicate when dry; annulus revoluble. ' Spores large.
Tufts dense. Dioecious. — Crevices of calcareous rocks in
higher alp. reg. r. Eur. Switzerl.: Schimper; Culmann.

bb. Leaves gen. smooth. Peristome much contorted, v-'^i
Go.B.agraria Hedwig. — Bryum Swartz. I

Leaves subovate acute subinvolute, slightly twisted when dry;
cells rhombic-quadrate somewhat large; costa subexcurrent.
Perichetial leaves broader, short-acuminate or obtusate, not
wholly convolute; costa not percurrent. Capsule narrow- cylin-;
dric; lid nearly as long; annulus revoluble. Stem nearly indi-
stinct. Monoecious. — Rocks and sand r. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant, com. C. Mueller/
S:t Thomas: Breutel, com. Roell).
66.B.Raui Austin. '' ••''•'• -^ -M-nirf ioa nln-n

» Leaves smooth spathulate ovate acuminate or apiculate;
basilar areolation loose; costa subexcurrent. Perichetial leaves
convolute often blunt; costa thin. Capsule oblong-cylindric
plicate when dry; lid long; annulus narrow. Dioecious, -r-
Rocks r. Amer. U. S.»; Lesq. et J.
67.B.Joorii C. Mueller in Flora 1875. :9JM.ni- Hitw inii^tklm

»Leaves nearl}- smooth from oblong half-sheathing base linear-
lanceolate obtusate mucronulate, faintly crisjied; basal cefls
short-rectangular hyaline; costa excurrent. Perichetial leaves
from oblong sheathing base acuminate not mucronate. Capsules
oblong; teeth rufous; calyptni rough. Dioecious. Habit of
B. unguiculata. Stem very short. — Amer. r. U. S.»: C. ,M-.

3. Leptobarbula Schimper.
68.B.tonui8 Hedwig. — iTrichoslomum Hedwig »: C. M.; Bar-
bula Kindb.; Didymodou bericus Notiuis.

;• .1

.1 ',

— 262 —

Upper leaves from fiheathing base tapering to a longer and
narrow subulate or at apex obtuse entire acumen, crisped;
basal cells rectangular; costa nearly filling the acumen but not
excurrent. Capsule oval-oblong erect; lid much shorter; teeth
half-twisted; pedicel red below, yellow above. Stem short not
or loosely tufted. Sterile plants with smaller sublinear or
ovate-oblong obtuse leaves. — - Calcareous rocks and sandy soil
in warmer districts r. Eur. Italy: Giordano, com. Bottini.
Spain: Htgelmaier, com. C. Mueller. Amer. U. S. Massachusetts:
Boll, com. C. M. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
69.B.macr08tegia SuUivant. — Trichostomum Sull. icon, muscor.
(not mentionned in Lesq. et J. man.); Barbula Kindb. M«i'i'

Differs from the last: Leaves abruptly tapering to a some-
what broad but attenuate obtusate acute and near apex denti-
culate acumen. Capsule cylindric inclined or faintly curved;
lid longer; teeth (as in B. Corsica and B. sparsidens) spreading
above. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sullivant.

-;f<

Pseudo-Didymodon Kindb.
Acutseformes.

r-, ■' i,"Ji«.-:y .V'

a.

A. Peristome wanting; annulus revoluble. Leaves faintly
papillose, straight when moist. i. , • > •/

TO.B.rubiginosa Mitten.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate reflexed
below, not appressed; cells short; costa scarcely excurrent. Pe-
richetial leaves from ovate-oblong base tapering to a sublinear by
costa not wholly (in lower part) filled point. Capsule suboblong
pale brown; pedicel not long. Tufts greenish somewhat dense
not high. — Amer. r. U. S. Pacif. dietr.: Henderson, com.
Cardot.

"^ B.8ubi€iiiadophila C. M. et Kindb. L c.

Leaves subpellucid above, more spreading when moist; the
perichetial with shorter base. Peristome and annulus not seen.
— Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. , . , , ..,

71.B.nielanocarpa C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from B. rubiginosa: Leaves blackish brown appressed
when dry; costa more distinctly excurrent. Capsule dark brown
finally blackish; pedicel very long. Tufts loose. Fruiting stem
very short. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Peristome contorted.

a. Leaves smooth straight when moist. Periistome once
contorted; annulus us. indistinct. i,< * : . j :dL iv^L ^ u;

— 263 -

72.B.acuia Bridel. — Tortula Brid. 1806; Bnrbula Brid. 1819;
Tortula gracilis Schleicher 1807; Barbula Schwcegrichen,

Leaves ovate-oblong entire, reflexed below and strongly re-
curved near base, patent or twisted when dry; cells short; costa
gen. short-excurrent or percurrent. Perichetial leaves suboblong
with subulate acumen; costa long-excurrent. Capsule oval-
oblong; annulus indistinct. Tufts olivaceous or green. — On
earth r. Eur. Switzerl.l Austria: C. E. Kindberg. France:
Berthoumieu. Amer. Can.: Mar un. .hi , nim u

* B.abbreyiatifolla H. Mueller.

Leaves appressed when dry; costa often longer excurrent. —
Wet alp. rocks, sometimes in running water, r. Eur. Norwayl
Td.B.viridis Schimper. .--^^ in- ■ ','iluf.-; _,-t<t(f'> -^u)-!-

Leaves longer than in B. acuta, narrowly ovate-lanceolate
subulate-acuminate serrulate or denticulate above, reflexed below,
crisped; basal cells short-rectangular; costa somewhat long-ex-
current. Perichetial leaves as in the last. Capsule cylindric
sometimes curved; annulus revoluble. Tufts green. — Rocks
in warmer districts r. Eur. Switzerl. near Lugano! Belgium:
Gravet. {Asia, Syria: A. H. Brotherus.) ,

74.B.artocarpa Lesquereux.

Differs from B. acuta: Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate subulate;
basal cells rectangular; costa more distinctly excurrent. Cap-
sule subcylindric. — On earth in higher alp. regions r. Amer.
U. S. Oregon mt Hood 3300 metr. a. sea: Roell.

b. Leaves faintly papillose straight when moist. Peristome
twice contorted; annulus distinct.
75.B.icmadophila Schimper; Braithwaite. t-mne

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate reflexed below but not
strongly recurved, longer acuminate than in B. acuta, appressed
when dry; lower basal cells short-rectangular; costa long-excur-
rent. Tufts olivaceous or dark green. Capsule oval-oblong.
Very r. fruiting. — Wet alp. rocks r. Eur. France: Theriot,
com. Husnot. (Asia, Caucase: V. F. Brotherus).

C. Leaves faintly papillose or nearly smooth, curved when
moist; lower basal cells pellucid rectangular.

aa. Costa of leaves subpercurrent, in the inner perichetial
long-excurrent. Peristome pale contorted, ii, ;.:,*.! il tiiajir

76.B.p8eudo-rigi(lula Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves from short ovate base long-acuminate, r^exed below,
twisted when dry; costa brown. Inner perichetial leaves from
oblong base narrowly acuminate. Capsule brown subcylindric.

'-■^] 1

IK J

i a

m

Ir^ 'i

— ^m —

Brit. Col.:

Macoun

'

TiiftH fus('ef!C(!iit. — Rdcks r. Amer. Ciui
(»B. rigidula* Cnnadiim rnusci n. 412).
77.1l.siibgnicilis C. M. ct Kindh. 1. c.

Leaves ovnto-liinceolatc roflexcd nearly all around, crisped or
flexuouK when dry; eosta reddish. Poriehetial U^aveK faintly
erenulate, tlie outer acuminate, the inner broad obtuse. Cap-
sule red-brown oblong-eylindrio. Tufts green or red-brown
below. -- Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. 8.
Montana: Roell.

bbt Costa of leaves long-excurrent. Capsules unknown.-'^' *
78.B.WHglioriioi Kindb. n. sp. y

Leaves from short ovate half-sheathing base long-acuminate
acute entire, sHghtly reilexed above base, faintly curled when
dry; costa red. Tufts brown-red radiculose. Habit of Didy-
modon ruheUus. — Amer. r. N. Fonndl.: Rev:d A. C. Waghorne.

b. Purpureffiformes,

A. Leaves long sublanceolate. ^r«=?iv)i iKif )ij rjri .-wn.n
79.B.piirpiirea C. Mueller. \

» Upper leaves gradually longer, from oblong base broadly
lanceolate subobtuse, revolute to above middle, subtorquate
when dry; cells small reddish quadrate; costa purplish thick
excurrent. Capsule oval; teeth scarcely contorted; calyptra long.
Tufts small purple; stem short naked below. — Rocks r. U.
S. Calif.*: C. M. in Flora 1875.

80.B.lateritia Kindb. n. sp. — B. brachyphylla var. angusti*
folia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves ovate lanceolate broadly acuminate subobtuse nearly
smooth, slightly refiexed or partly flat at borders, crowded,
depressed when dry; cells subpellucid subquadrate; costa red
thick (princ. above), percurrent. Capsules unknown. Tufts
Compact brick red 1 — 2 c. m. high. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun. .t;:wji! liuih -lo, ^;«<>n-5HV(U> ^Viii .3rw'i
, B. Leaves short gen. ovate. . n t'*V/ — "nuiiiii .^ mV
Sl.B.brachypliylla SuUivant.

»LeaveS ovate obtuse recurved all arornd; costa percurrent.
Capsule cylindric; lid long- rostrate; teeth scarcely half-twisted;
calyptra short, '''ufts dark brown dense high radiculose their
whole length. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. "'-^'H^'A^a ;;"'i
82.B.decursiTula Kindb. cat* Can. m.

"Leaves recurved nearly all around, faintly papillose, loosely
disposed and long-df current, subtorquate or loosely appressed
when dry, gen. ovate acjite; the uppermost of stem and some

^'

— '265

briiiicheB broadly oviite-lancoulute; cellH t<hort hiiuiU pellucid
exc. the elont^ate alar; costa red not excurrent. Capsules un-
known. Tufts 2 — 3 c. m. high somewhat dense; stem naked
below. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts; Macoun.

e. Fallaciformes.

A. Peristome very much contorted. Leaves faintly papillose.
83.B.fallax Hedwig.

Leaves with ovate base and carinato not much longer acu-
men, reHexed at least below middle, us, curled when dry;
nearly all basal cells ({uadratc. Capsule brown oblong-cylindric;
annulus not distinct. Tufts us. dense and not low, often ru-
fescent below. — Earth and stone. Eur. common. Sweden,
Switzerl, Italy I Amer. not common. Can.: Macoun.

* B.brevifolia Smith. — Tortula Sm.; Barbula Bridel.

Leaves smaller and shorter, nearly appressed when dry.
Capsule smaller; teeth shorter. Tufts us. low and rufescent.
— Rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden! . qr i r;,. jr ,:,..*«, . .

84.B.siibfallax C. Mueller.

» Differs from B. fallax in its pale green color, basal leaf-
cells more distinctly rectangular, capsule short-pedicellate, annu-
lus simple; perichetial leaves longer and larger. — Amei'. r.
U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

Bt Peristome not or faintly contorted. Leaves distinctly
papillose.
85.B.reflexa Bridel. — B. recurvifolia Schimper. ' '* ^

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate gradually subulate- acuminate
sharply carinate, falcate when moist. Capsule subcylindric;
teeth once contorted. Tufts us. brown and very high. Very
r. fruiting. — Calcareous stones. Eur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.!
Engl.: West. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Drummond 139.
86.B.8parsideiiN C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves small ovate-lanceolate carinate reflexed nearly all
around; lower basal cells rectangular hyahne. Capsule small
reddish oblong-cylindric; teeth loosely half-i,wisted with sprea-
ding points when dry. Tufts loose 0,5 — 1 c. m. high,
green above, ferruginous below. — On earth r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun. :r^i » ,» ? ^ a: ■- i^v

87.B.seniitorta Sullivant.

• Upper leaves linear-lanceolate gradually ta[)ering from near
the base. Hat at borders, tufted and squarrose; costa thick
percurrent. Capsule cylindric oblong; teeth half-twisted; annu-
ls

4r:r--

hi it '

— 266 —

luH very narrow not vevoluble. IMjintH Hhort Hinnple loosely
nefipitose. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. ;. : -i 'ui ,:-:<■:
SH.B.spadioea Mitten.

Leaves channelled with short ovate bane and longer acumen,
reflexed below middle; lowest basal celln Hliort-rectangular. Cap-
sule cylindric; teeth short nearly straight. Tufts brown-green
or fuscous not low. — On stone r. Eur. Norway, Swit'/.erl.l
Engl.: Whitehead. Germany: Schliephacke. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.

* B.Zetterstodtii 8ohimper. — Didymodon Bch.j Barbula Kindb.;
B. vaginata Lindb. ' ' ' '

Leaves larger very acute, the perichctial half-sheathing. Cap-
sules not seen. Uesembles Didymodon rigidulus. — Rocks r.
Eur. Sweden!; J. E. Zetterstedt; Lindberg.

d. Vinealiformes. , ... i • it,., .»

A. Leaves rellexed a^l around; cells very pellucid. Plants

small. ' ' ■" ''i '• ' • '■• i ^■- ■■^■- ■

SO.B.virescens Lesquereux.

Leaves small broadly ovate-lanceolate nearly smooih; cells
gen. short well- distinct, the up]>er round-oval not confluent.
Capbule small cylindric; teeth contorted. Tufts green dense
about 1 c. m. high. — Rocks r, Amer. U. 8. Calif, near Oak-
land: Bolcender, com. C. Mueller.

B. Leaves partly flat at borders. Plants us. high and
robust.

a. Upper leaf-cells opake conliuent very papillose.

aa. Leaf-base long ovate-lanceolate; costa not excurrent.
90.B.cyliiidrica Taylor. — Zygotrichia Tayl.; Barbula Schimp.

Leaves large entire with long narrow acumen, crisped; basal
cells short-rectangular. Perichetial leaves gradually acuminate;
costa subexcurrent. Capsule reddish cylindric; teeth once to.:
torted. Tufts rusty red us. high. Very r. fruiting in Europe.
— Rocks and stonewalls. Eur. not r. in warmer distr. Swe-
den, Switzerl.l Belgium: Gravet. Amer. Can. Pacif. dist.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Roell.
91.B.8inuosa Wilson. — Dicranella Wils.; Barbula Braithwaite.

Differs from the last: Leaves lurid green less reflexed with
broader base and longer sinuolate-denticulate acumen, often
brittle; lower basal cells rectangular subhyaline. Capsules un-
known. Habit of Didymodon tenuirostris. — Rocks r. Eur.
Austria: Venturi. Engl.: Boswell. France: Berthoumieu. Bel-
gium: Gravet. Amer. U. S. Wash.: Roell. i ,}i|<riii; -j

■n ,

;M'

— 267 —

>.■•■• /\ i\

92.I).elatH nuricui et Montagiu!. " ' •■'

J^eaveH oiitire nearly grtuluully Hubulate not Inrge, faintly
crisped; bnsal cellH pellucid pon. rectangular. Perichtitial leaves
with narrower often Bublinear channelled acumen; coHtu Bub-
excurrent or in the Hhortor upporrnost Icnvos wanting. (!apsule
reddish subtiylindric; teeth contortoil. Tuftn brown-green often
high. — Amer. r. Pacif. dihtr. U. S.: RooUj Henderson, com.
Cardot. '■-'' »*.'■/ ■■■ -,'- ■ •• '.■; .-^-^ •.('■■>.> ^i i-i*

bb. Leaf-haRe subovate or ovate-ohlo.ig; ooota often ex-
current.
93.1J.vinealls Bridcl.

Leaves with oblong bane and not longer in upper part su-
bulate filifortn acumen, reflexed below middle, nearly straight
when moist; inner basal cells short-rectangular; costa nearly
filling the upper part of acumen, in the more abruptly atte-
nuate perichetial longer exourrent. Capsule short oblong-cylin-
dric; teeth short pale once contorted. Tufts lower than in B.
cylindrical us. brown or brown-red. Not r. fruiting. — Rocks
and stonewalls. Eur. not r. in warmer distr. Switzerll France:
Husnot m. Gall. Italy: Venturi; Roell. Amer. r. Can,: Ma-
coun.

94.B.flexifolia liampe.

( »DiffeB8 from B. vinealis in leaves crisped when dry, falcate
when moistened, borders revolute; capsule narrower subcylin-
dric dark red or brown; teeth much twisted reduish then whi-
tish or variable in color. — On the ground r. Amer. U. S.
Calif. »; Lesq. et Jam.
95.B.circinnatula C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. ,

Leaves from ovate or ovate-oblong base somewhat abruptly
narrowed to the subulate much longer acumen, rellexed below,
curved when moist, circinnate when dry; basal cells gen. short
dusky; costa well distinct but not excurrent also in the nearly
similar perichetial leaves. Capsule subcylindric; teeth pale
much contorted; annulus simple by one row of large cells.
Tufts greenish somewhat high, or red- brown below. — Wet
earth and rocks r. Amer. Can, Pacif. distr.: Macoun.
96.B.siibcylindrica Brotherus. - ' ^''

Leaves from subovate base abruptly narrowed to the longer
and subobtuse acumen, falcate when moist; lower basal cells
rectangular hyaline. Tufts dark brown. Capsules unknown.
Otherwise as the last. — Amer. r. U. S. Pacif. distr.: Roell,
com. Brotherus. .;i;:"jia?i

4::''^

— 268

Oil

?■'. '-M

97.B.horrldifoIia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. , wntfiO ttU;5'i,t* vvr
Differs from the both last and B. vinealis in leaves faintly
papillose loosely disposed loxjg-decurrent. Leaves from ovate
baso r arrowed to a longer and long-subulate acumen, falcate
when moist, crisped or spreading when dry; basal cells pellu-
cid short-rectangular, the inner larger; costa broader below
vanishing in apex, not excurrent. Capsule cylindric; teeth red-
dish scarcely more than once contorted with long in dry state
spreading points. Tufts somewhat high, brown or rusty r d
below, greenish at tops. — Damp rocks r. Amer. Can, Pacif.
distr.: Macoun.
98.B.tortellifV)lia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. ^ ' i-? • v^-.i

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, less distiiictly decurrent;
the comal larger and crowded with short-excurrent costa. Pe-
richetial leaves suddenly tapering to a long narrow acumen;
costa slightly excurrent. Peristome whitish. Tufts often higher
sometimes quite red. — Wet rocks. Amer. Pacif. distr. princ,
near sea. Can. less r.: M.iooun. *' .)>'!*•

b. Leaves also the uppermost, nearly smooth; upper cells
pellucid well-distinct.

99.B.robu8tifolia C. M. et Kindb. I. c. """

Leaves shorter and more crowded than in th3 Ij'st, from
ovate base narrowed to the subulate acumen, reflexed nearly
to middle at one side, falcate or crisped; basal cells subquadrate
hyaline; costi ec^ually broad and distinct to apex, not excur-
rent. Capsules unknown. Tufts dark brown or olive-green.

— Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

110. Ceratodon Bridel. *" - '^ ' **'^ *' '

A. Leaves carinate. Outer perigonial leaves long-acuminate
acute. - , I ,.- -;- . ... . -;.,. ...... .,.^,,

l.C.purpureus L. — Mnium L.; Ceratodon Brid. , :70/iv;>(,
Leaves reflexed nearly all around, entire or slightly denticu-
late near apex, gen. not decurrent, us. broadly ovats-lanceolate
attenuate not subul«\te at apex; cells small us. chlorophyllose;
costa us. percurrent Inner perichetial leaves (1 or 2) obtusate
or short-acuminate. Capsule sometimes strumose us. curved
when dry; teeth with numerous articulations, often marginate;
lid elongate-conic; pedicel red. Outer perigonial leaves with
scarcely excurrent costa. Tufts us. not tomentose. Dioecious.

— Gravelly soil. Eur. common. Sweden etc.l Amer. Can.:

Macoun.

.\iin;H\Uni^ .moa

— 269

fA
th

* C.brevifollus Milde. — C, dimorphus Philibert. ' " '■ "

Leaves ovate-oblong; costa often long-excurrent. — R. Eur.
Switzerl.: Fhilibert. Amer, U. 8. Oregon: Liyall, com. Macoun.

♦ C.xanthopus Sullivant.

Leaves long-subulate; costa gen. excurrent. Perichetial leaves
2 or 5 more distinct. Pedicel yellow. — Amer. r. Can. Brit.
Col.: Dawson, com. Macoun.
*C.arcticus Kindb. n. subsp. .<}..,,..-,

Leaves small subdecurrent, not much patent when moist; cells
hyaline not chlorophyllose, larger than in the common C. pur-
pureus. Tufts compact tomentose. Capsules unknown. — Arctic
distr. r. Eur. Spetsbergen near Kobbebay: Berggren 1868.
2.C.COnicu8 Hampe. — Trichostomum Hampe; Ceratodon Lindb.;
C. minor Austin.

Differs from C. purpureus: Leaves shorter; costa not r. excur-
rent. Capsule straight; teeth immarginate with few articula-
tions. — Earth and walls r. Eur. Switzerl.!; Mari. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun. i4

3.C.CoIumbi8B Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate, reflexed
below the somewhat long serrulate acumen; costa gen. excur-
rent. Inner perichetial leaves (2 or 1) with somewhat long
linear or lingulate acumen. Capsule curved when dry; teeth
■with numerous articulations, broadly margined; lid short-conic
obtuse or Bubconvex; pedicel red. Outer perigonial leaves with
long-excurrent costa. Monoecious. — Amer. r. Pacif. distr.
Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves concave, princ. those of the long shoots. Peri-
gonial leaves obtuse, the outer not long-acuminate.
4.C.heterophyIlils Kindb. m Ottawa Nat. vol. V.

Leaves of the short stem very few, narrowly ovate-lanceolate
subobtuse entire reflexed; costa percurrent. Shoot-leaves small
oval obtuse not distinctly reflexed; costa scarcely percurrent.
Capsule short not curved; teeth with few articulations; lid
short-conic; pedioel pale red or yellowish, finally red or blackish.
Dioecious. — Arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

111. Oeheebia Schimper.
l.G.gii^ailtea Funck. — Barbula Funck; Geheebia Boulay.

Leaves papillose entire carinate, reflexed below, gradually
acuminate or subovate-lanceolate with acute or subulate apex,
subfalcate when moist, spreading or faintly crisped when dry;
lower cells sinuous, uppei subquadrate; costa subpercurrent.

,1 ',

— 270

.«H i

Tvifts blackish or brown when dry, 6 — 20 c. m. high. Resem-
bling Barbula reflexa but more robust. — Rocks in alp. region
r. Eur. Switzerl.I France; Husnot. Germany: Holler. Austria:
Berggren. ■t^i^{,

112. Aloilia (C. M. as subg.) Kindb. in Skandinav. Natu'*-
forf<karemotet8 handl. 1880.

A. Leaves close when dry, not patent when moiet. Us.
synoecious.

l.A.breyirostrls Hooker et Greville. — Tortula H. et G.; Alo-
ina Kindb. 1. c. and Laubm. Schw. u. Norw.

Leaves ovate- oval very broad, cucullate above; costa not ex-
current. Capsule us. cylindric with much shorter lid, r. subo-
void with nearly half as long lid; teeth us. once contorted;
calyptra reaching below lid; annulus broad partly revoluble.
— Walls princ. in limestone districts. Eur. Sweden; Hartman.
Norway: E. Nyman. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves incurved when dry, patent when moist. Dioe-
cious.

a. Jr'eristome twice contorted; annulus broad revoluble. Ca-
lyptra reaching to the half of capsule. ' -.'■•"''■ ■■"••«

2.A.stellata Schreber. — Bryum Schreber 1771; Aloina Kindb.
Laubm. S. u. N.; Barbula rigida Hedwig 1787.;^,. ,;

Leaves suboblong or narrower us. cucullate sometimes hair-
pointed; costa UB. not excurrent. Capsule suboblong; lid much
shorter; pedicel red-brown. — Walls and clay banks. Eur.
Norway, Switzerl.I Austria: Venturi. Greece: Orphanides. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. , ■ •. ,.-;., i 't

S.A.macrorhyncha Kindb. — Barbula (Aloina) cat. Can. m.

Leaves round-ovate cucullate; costa not excurrent. Capsule
oblong-ovoid; lid more than '^/^ its length; pedicel pale red or
yellowish. — On earth r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Peristome once contorted; annulus narrow us. persistent.
Calyptra short. Capsule subcylindric. »
4.A.anib!g:ua Br. eur. — Barbula Br. eur.; Aloina Limpricht;
A. ericsefolia Kindb. Laubm. S. u. N.; Tortula Lindb.

Leaves lanceolate-linear us. hamate-incurved at apex, some-
times subacute; costa not excurrent. Capsule erect at least
twice longer than lid; pedicel yellowish above and reddish
below, finally . ed-brown; calyptra not reaching below lid. —
Walls. Eur. Norway I France: Husnot. Greece: Orphanides,
Roemer. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

— 271' —

5.A.aloides Koch. — Trichostomum Koch; Aloina Kindb.
1. c; Tortula Notaris; Barbula Bruch.

Leaves Bhovter and narrower than in the lest, incurved or
cucullate, gen. acute with prominent subexcurrent costa. Cap-
sule often inclined us. much longer than lid; pedicel reddish;
calyptra not much prolonged below lid. — Clay banks. Eur.
France: Husnot. Germany: Roemer. Italy: Arcangeli. Greece:
Orphanides.

■ ■■«i;M.; 113. Crossidium Juratzka.*^;€'::;mi &?*-.• ■v'^M

A. Leaves blunt. Dioecious.

l.C.chloronotos (Bridel in part) Bruch. — Barbula (Brid.)
Bruch; Crossidium Limpricht.

Leaves oblong-lingulate, appressed when dry; hairpoint shorter
nearly smooth; upper leaf-cellp greenish. Capsule narrow-oblong
at least twice longer than the rostrate lid; teeth twice contor-
ted; tube long. Tufts dense. — Calcareous rocks and soil r.
Etir. Mediterr. distr. France: Schimper; Venturi; Philibert.
2.C.Heinrici Rau. — Barbula Ban; Crossidium Kindb. " •"''

»Differ8 from the last: Leaves few small more arrounded at
apex; some cells decolorate; hairpoint denticulate. Capsules
unknown. — Amer. r, U. S. Kansas: Rau»: C. M. in Flora
1886.

B.C.ManniaB C. Mueller. — Barbula (Argyrobarbula) C. M.;
Crossidium Kindb. i i'/, r - j.

»Leaves few small without hairpoint; lamellse few. Capsule
small; peristomial tube short. — Amer. r. U. S.»: C. M. in
Flora 1887.

B. Leaves narrowed above to the subacute apex. Monoe-
cious. ^' > = . i.. J ..,•;?; ■ ';' '■Ai-*':n<' r^rt;'-,' '., '• "-li
4.C.sqiiaiiiigreriim Viviani. — Barbula Viv.; Crossidinim Jur.;
Tortula membranifolia Hooker; Barbula Schultz.

Leaves subovate; hairpoint us. as long and denticulate; upper
leaf-cells, hyaline. Capsule oblong, subcylindric or suboval,
finally blackish, longer than the rostrate lid; teeth twice con
toited; tube long. Tufts dense. — Calcareous stones in war-
mer distr. r. Eur. France: Le Jolis; Bouvet. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.
S.C.griseum Juratzka. --v,-.-'^^— ^■.- --*«^.-^-.,-rf ^ .4-. 4--^*^^^* >- - «* - ^

Differs from the last: Capsule finally brown; teeth shortis'ii
not or faintly twisted nearly without bisal tube. Leaves with
nearly smooth often longer hairpoint; those of shoots more
obtuse. — Eur. r. Italy: Roell; Bottini.

•'1 .1)'

i*'

1 i,

1,

''I ♦»!

i,j

f 1

II

— 272 —

I !i-

Ik

• i!

..iff:'! r.rhAhi\§io Vierygonenron Juratzka. .biMin.l ■"

A. Capsule immersed; calyptra mitriforn. Leaves with Icng
ro'agh hairpoint.

l.P.Siibsessilo Biidel. — Gymnostomum Brid.; Pterygoneuron
Jur.; Pharomitrium Schimper.

Leaves suboval or obovate subacute not reilexed, papillose at
back. Capsule oval-globose; pedicel shorter; lid rostrate; peri-
stome none. Stem 2 — 5 m. m. high. — Sand and clay r.
Eur. Austria: Berggren. Germany: Schultze. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.

B. Pedicel exserted; calyptra cucullate. Leaves with smooth
point. ..' ;!ii,MFl
2 P.caTifolium Ehrhart. — Pottia Ehrh.; Pterygoneuron Jur.

Differs also from the last in leaves smooth at back. — Clay
soil, often on walls. Eur. not uncommon, SwedenI France:
Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond. .'jh ' hlu^ 1 j
8 P.laniellatuni Lindberg. — Tortula Lindb.; Pterygoneuron
Jur.; Barbula cavifolia Schimper.

Differs from the last: Leaves papillose at back, faintly reflexed
below; costa shorter excurrent. Capsule oblong cylindric; peri-
stome slightly twisied, loosed with difficulty; basal membrane
clathrate. Stem somewhat higher. — Wet clay soil r. Eur.
France: Bescherelle. Austria: Berggren.

115. Didymodon Hedwig, in part.

A. Leaves gen. entire; cells small at least the upper, r. (in
Stegonia) large.

a. Leaves not reflexed, often involute. Peristome not twisted.
1. Stegonia. Leaves close also when moist, smooth entire
very broad concave or involute; cells large. Perichetial leaves
not sheathing. Steni short. Monoecious. Spores large.

IL Trichostomuiu. Leaves not imbricate when moist, us.
crisped when dry, papillose us. narrow. Spores small. ;;., i

1. Pusilli. Peristome slightly twisted. Plants small; stem
very short. Monoecious,

2. Crispuliformes. Peristome not twisted. Dioecious. Plants
larger.

b. Leaves not involute gen. reflexed. r.^r .,:'.;;;*?.; ;■
aa. Leaves half- sheathing, sometimes dentate above.

IIL Erythrophyllum. Leaves reflexed papillose us. pointed
by a long pellucid apical cell; basal cells long, hyaline or finally
reddish. Perichetial leaves sheathing. Peristome pale straight.
Tufts us. rusty red. Us. synoecious. < '•*'• <> vtwd r .3»;j)da

— 27S

bb. Leaves entire not sheathing. Tiilts donse. ' ' " "

IV. Desmatodon. Leaves short broad gen. reflexed, crisped;
bjisal cells long somev^hat large and hyaline; costa often long-
excurrent. Peristome straight. Habit of Barbula (Zygotrichia).
Often monoecious,

V. Eu-Didymodon. Leaves reflexed us. short, r. twisted when
dry; cells small gen. short, the inner basal us. rectangular
yellowish; costa f,'en. rot or slightly oxcurrent. Peristome some-
times twisted. H ibit of Barbida (Eu-Barbula). Dioecious often
sterile.

B. Leaves gen. denticulate, not imbricate, sometimes with
propagula; cells somewhat large; costa not or shortly excurrent.
Peristome r. present. Us. dioecious. ^-wxir^iw^ Ujj^iffKfi"

VI. Leptodontium. Leaves dentate or denticulate, often not re-
^^exed, gen. broad and obtueate, often crisped when dry; basal
cells at least the lowest rectangular hyaline.

VII. Hydrog:oniuiii. Differs fiom subg. Leptodontium in entire
leaves, im rr ^ -»«;-ft ';■-:■■ j * jtmii

I. Stegonia Venturi revue bryol. '

l.D.latifoliiiS Schwsegrichen. — Weisia Schw.; Didymodon
Kindb.; Pottia C. M.

Leaves orbicular or subcochleariform gen. obtuse, sometimes
apiculate or with long hairpoint; upper cells subrhombic, the
lower hyaline longer; cor^ta abbreviate or percurrent. Capsule
suboval or subcylindric; teeth pale red. Spores 0,03 — 0,04 m. m.
Tufts low green somewhat silver-like. — Earth on alp. rocks.
Eur. less r. Norway, Switzerl.! Austria; Breidler. Amer. r.
Can, Macoun; Drummond 70. ;> J' • ' - - ,. ..:

M.*wB i?»ti.t;is/ II. Trichostomum Hedwig, in part. ■' ■ ' .'"

1. Pusilli.
2.D.triunipbans Notaris. — Trichostomum Not.; Didymodon
Kindb. «*^^ * '^

Leaves lanceolate-linear acute or obtuse; costa short-excurrent.
Perichetial leaves sheathing. Capsule oval; pedicel pale yellow
or at base reddish. — Earth and walls r. Eur. princ. in Me-
diterr. distr. France: Philibert.
* D.monspeliensis Schimper. — Trichostomum Sch.; Didymodon

Leaves concave, the perichetial with percurrent costa. Annulus
simple. — Eur. v. » France*: Schimper.

*D.Philiberti Schimper. — Trichostomum Sch.j Didymodon
Kindb. t m jj

; ■:.;!'' ^

■k

iMj

— 274 —

^i'

Perichetial leaves with excurrent costa. Anniilus simple. —
Eur. r. France: Philibert; Goulard.

* D.pallidisetns H. Mueller. — Trichostomum H. M.; Didy-
modoii Kindb.

Leaves plane below, the poriehetial with percurrent costa.
Capsule iinally striate; annulus simple; pedicel wholly pale
yellow, — Eur. r. Germany: Geheeb.

2. Crispuliformes.

A. Leaves carinate from dilated undulate base gradually
subulate. Habit of Barhnla (Tortella). R. fruiting.
3.D.eylindricus Bruch. — Weisia Bruoh; Didymodon Br. eur.

Leaves long narrow acute or subobtuse, sometimes sparingly
denticulate near apex; basal cells hyaline; costa not excurrent.
Capsule cylindiic. Tufts dark green. — Siliceous rocks. Eur.
not common. Switzerl.i Sweden: Lindberg. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun. •.*-;■ • .?», ■tntri 4 ■!; nwn. >>p. -rJ'o-

4.D.liiberilicilS Mitten, — Tortula Mitt.; Didymodon Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves entire acute more dilated at
base; basal cells abruptly passing to the rounded green ones.
Stem often very long, — Wet rocks r. Eur. Ireland: Stewart
and Holt, ■ : ■ Ly- '.ik ^->»!itr>H. v,iiiMiiK

B. Leaves not carinate, sublinear or with sublinear or subu-
late acumen, entire.

a. Loaves channelled or involute; basal cells us, yellowish,
upper very small opake papillose.

5.D.brachydontillS Bruch. — Trichostomum Bruch; Didymodon
Wilson; Trichostomum mutabile Notaris. 'rii""K /i t t-^i/ "jw-x

Leaves sublinear or narrowly ovate-lanceolate gen. acute,
sometimes ovate-oblong short-acuminate, not channelled near
apex; basal cells brownish or yellowish; costa excurrent. Cap
Bule oval-oblong or subcylindric; teeth smooth us. short irre
gular; pedicel yellow. Tufts loose 1 — 2 c. m. high or lower
— Calcareous rocks. — Eur. Switzerl.i Sweden: Zetterstedt:
P. Larsson. Belgium: Roemer. France: Philibert; Brebisson
B.D.lutescens Lindberg. - MoUia Lindb.; Didymodon Kindb

Diifers from the last: Leaves smooth pellucid longer-apiculate
upper cells better defined. Tufts yellowish green. Capsules
unknown. — Fissures of limestone rocks r. — Eur. »Irel.
Lindb. »: Braithwaite.
T.D.crispillus Bruch. — Trichostomum Br.; Didymodon Wilson

Leaves from subovate base sublinear or r. suboblong, short
attenuate often subobtuse, distinctly channelled or involute;

'ti

'

— 275 —

basal cells yellowish or subhyalinc; co«ta often excnrrent to a
curved point. Capsule oval-oblong; teeth papillose often deeply
cleft; pedicel red. Tufts dense very low or 2 — 6 c. m. high.

— Calcareous stanes. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.l Spain: Levier.
France; Roux; Berthoumieu. Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
S.D.viridulus Bruch. — Trichostomum Br.; Didymodon Kindb.

Differs fronri the last: Leaves longer, linear-lanceolate, gradu-
ally long-acuminate subulate. Capsule smaller. Stem low. —
Eur. r. Sweden! Switzerl.: Culmann, com. Huenot. -»

9.D.brevifollll8 Sendtner. — Trichostomum Sendt.; C. M. syn.;
Didymodon Kindb.; MoUia Braithwaite.

Leaves short from broader base nearly gradually attenuate
obtuse; basal cells yellowish pellucid; costa sometimes excurrent.
Capsule minute round-oval; lid as long; teeth papillose; pedicel
reddish below, yellow above. Tufts dense 0,5 — 1,5 c. m. high.
Habit of D. crispnlus. — Limestone rocks r. Eur. »Engl.»:
Braithwaite. »Bosnia: Sendtner»: C. M. '•'

b. Leaves concave not involute, somewhat broad and sub-
oblong-linear; basal cells hyaline.

lO.D.Iittoralis Mitten. — Trichostomum Mitt.; Didymodon
Kindb.

Leaves obtuse; costa smooth yellowish short-excurrent. Cap-
sule oblong; teeth deeply cleft. Tufis green 1 — 4 c. m. high.

— Rocks near Atlantic sea r. Eur, Engl.: Curnow. France:
Le Jolis. Norway: Hagen.

11 .D.trachyiieuron Kindb. n. sp. '

Leaves short-attenuate subacute brittle; costa pale, papillose
at back, sometimes excurrent. Tufts low green. Capsules
unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. near Quebec: Macoun.
III. Erythrophyllum Lindberg.

A. Leaves nearly smooth and faintly reflexed, not twisted
when dry. Tufts loose eradiculose. Capsules unknown.
ri.D.oenodes C M. et Kmdb. — D. oeneus C. M. et Kindb.
cat. Canad. m. (not D. a^ncus Schimper).

Leaves vinous-red ovate-oblong or narrowed from subovate
base, acute entire not apiculate, loosely appressed when dry;
costa nearly smooth at back. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.:

B. liCaves distinctly papillo=;e and reflexed, crisped. Tufts
dense.

a. Leaves from broad-ovate base long-subulate; costa some-
times excurrent. Plants robust, 4^ i.: :;>

■'Yn\

'■•-.i' t

!;;■<■

''«•,•

. 1

'1 '

.1 <

...■l'^

,^^

M I

— 276 —

I! ' j

!1,;1

^1 !,!,

Ill

IS.D.rnber Jnrntzka. 'il'W'r' •»* -u; t';>.h/frlhr -^h'^' fi'HiiJ

LeavGB long acute or Bubobtuse at apex, often denticulate
near it. Inner perichetial leaves pubfiliform -subulate smooth
and not recurved; costa filling nearly the whole upper part of
acumen. Capsule straight; cells of the rostellate lid in straight
rows. Tufts reddish. Dioecious, very r. fruiting. — Alp. rocks r.
Eur. Austria: Breidler. Switzerl. fruiting: Philibert.

b. Leaves short-acuminate or obtusate obliquely apiculate;
costa not excurrent. Plants not robust.

H.D.rubellus Hoffmann. — Bryum Hoffra.; Didymodon Br.
et Sch. •, .'••i!>,:?? ;ti;>»|/; ;..'!!>afvi. iii>!jri((;ivjir<.t

Leaves from short ovate base sublinear-cul triform, at apex
us. obtusate and entire or with few teeth. Perichetial leaves
nearly as long and similar. Capsule straight or indistinctly
carved; cells of lid as ■- the last. Us. synoecious. — Stone
and earth. Eur. common. Sweden etc.! Amer. not r. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne. >■

1 5.D.alpigeniIS Venturi. — D. rubellus var. dentatus Schimper.

Leaves as in the last but more distinctly acuminate acute
often dentate near apex. Perichetial leaves subsubulate narrower.
Capsule narrower; lid with obliquely seriate cells. Dioecious.
— Rocks in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
»Greenl »: Lange. ,
IB.D.canadensis Kindb. cat. can. m. ' '

Differs from D. tuhellus: Capsule narrov/er. Perichetial leaves
short acuminate smooth not reflexed. Dioecious. — Rocks r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. . uv. , -m- --»..,.

17.D. subruber Kindb. revue bryoL 1896.

Leaves as in D. rubellus but often dentate. Perichetial leaves
long-subulate not recurved. Capsule curved; lid rostrate. Dioe-
cious. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. ''^ i *^i
IS.D.Baden-Fowelll Kindb, in Ottawa Natur. vol. V. "'^v^

Leaves as in D. rubellus but smaller shorter often denticulatei,
less twisted when dry. Perichetial leaves as in D. canadensis.
Capsule curved; lid short blunt very thick. Tufts very com-
pact, pale brown below. Dioecious. — Arctic distr. r. Amer.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun. .^m>^ u;; i^iuwitm y: .evMjvju^sis,

19.D.Debati Husnot revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from other species of this section in leaves densel}'
serrulate above basal j)art. Leaves from narrowly oblong base
gradually tapering to a scarcely longer acumen, not or slightly
crisped when dry. Stem about 5 c. m. long. Capsules un-

- 277 -

known. — Stony places r. Eur. r. » France, 2000 metr. a. s.»:
Husnot 1. c. ,1

IV. Desmatodon (Bridel) Schimper, in part. al

A. Leaves with not excurrcnt oosta, papillose.
20.D.arenacou8 SuUivant et Lesquereux. — Desmatodon S. L.;
Sulliv. icon, m.; Didymodon Kindb.

,,:t Leaves suboblong or oblong-lanceolate gen. obtuse, reflexed
nearly all around. Capsule long cylindric; teeth short whitish
cleft to middle; lid short thick. Stem 1— 2 c. m. high. Mon-
oecious or pseudo monoecious. — Sandstone rocks r. Amer.
U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Demetrio, com. Cardot. Eur.
»Norway»: Hagen. '<i'-fi.4-fhi''m'.il'']f$fis -ao-'A -nMtQ-'

B. Leaves with long-excurrent costa. iijT^.d
22.D.plinthobius Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Desmatodon S. L.;
Didymodon Kindb.

Differs otherwise from the last: Lid of capsule narrower
somewhat longer. Dioecious. — Limestone rocks r. Amer.
U. S.: Ravenel, com. C. Mueller; Langlois, com. Cardot. iti
22.B.neoniexicanus Sull. et Lesq. — Desmatodon S. L.; Didy-
modon Kindb.

» Differs from the last in nearly entire peristomial teeth.
Monoecious. — Amer. r. U. S. Texas: Wright»: Lesq. et Jam.
23 D.systjiius Schimper. — Desmatodon Sch.; Didvmodon
Kindb.

Leaves oblong-lingulate acute gen. short-acuminate, subpellu-
cid and nearly smooth, flat or near base indistinctly reflexed.
Capsule cylindric; teeth irregularly cleft yellowish or reddish;
lid systylic; pedicel yellow or finally pale red. — Rocks r.
Eur. in higher alp. region. Eur. Norway. Amer. N. Foundl.:
Waghorne (»D. systylioides* Ren. et Card.). Can. Manitoba:
Macoun.

V. Eu-Didymodon. i: . 'J

A. Leaves broadly acuminate or obtuse. Tufts not high.

a. Leaves papillose; costa not excurrent. Peristome well-
evolute.

24.B.topliaceu8 Bridel. — Tricbostomum Brid ; Didymodon
Juratzka; D. Henderson! Ren. et Card.; Barbula brevifolia Lindb.

Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate, obtuse or acute us. concave
with thick borders, more or less crisped. Capsule ovate-oblong
or subcylindric; pedicel red. Tuftt; olivaceous reddish -brown
below us. very compact r. loose. — Rocks princ. calcareous
and stonewalls. Eur. princ. in warmer districts, not r.

— 278 —

ihiM

u':

Switzcrl., Norwnyl Franco: TjG Jolis. Amer. Can.: Macoiin.
U. S.: Henderson, com. Cnrdot. ^

b. Leaves smooth. PoriKtome often riulimentary.
25.D.1uridU8 Hornscluich. — Trichostomum Spruce.
:. Leaves ovate oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, nearly
appressed when dry; cells short; costa percurront. Capsule oval-
oblong or subcylindric; pedicel red. Tufts finally lurid-brown.
— Rocks and stonewalls. Eur. not r. in warmer distr. Swit-
zeri.l Engl.: Holi. France: Husnot. Germany: Herpell. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Mrs L. C. Fejly. ^Ufi v»

26.D.Lamyi Schimper; Husnot. .'"( ' .hi/./f ii,--. :,•'- .'.i

Differs from the last: Leaves slightly crisped; basal cells long
hyaline; costa slightly excurrent. Pedicel yellow above. Tufts
dark gieen. — Rocks r. Eur France: La my, com. Husnot.
27.D.COrdatU8 Juratzka. — Tricihostomum Milde. f>i'l

•; Leaves broader than in D, luridus, subcordate at base, cur-
ved when dry, often short eubovate; costa percurrent or slightly
excurrent. Tnfts green often with propagulu. Capsules un-
known. — Sihistose and calcareous rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.!
Italy: E. Adlerz. Germany: Herpell.

B. Leaves narrowly acuminate. ^'^ "i; s-.uu '^ i »i.iiv.t '

a. Leaves gen. papillose, faintly twisted when dry. Tufts
us. low and fuscescent. . ,

28.D.rigidlllii8 Hedwig. — Barbula Mitten. '' '■ '

Leaves from long ovate-lanceolate base tapering to the nar-
row nearly as long acumen, with thick reflexed borders, nearly
straight when moist; the upper part of acumen nearly tilled by
costa; lower basal cells often long. Capsule oval-oblong or
cylindric; teeth not contorted but us. faintly twisted; pedicel
red. — Rocks and stonewalls. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl. 1 Scotl.: Fergusson. Amer, r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.:
Roell. -

29.D.Ta1idus Limpricht.

Leaves smooth from ovate-oblong base tapering to a not long
acumen, gen. with thick reflexed borders, nearly straight when
moist; cells gen. short; costa thick often long-excurrent. Cap-
sules unknown. Tufts brown loosely cohering, about 1 c. m.
high (»5 c. m. or more»: Limpricht). — Calcareous alp. rocks r.
Eur. Austria: Gander.

30.D.Dieckii Brotherus. — Barbula Broth.; Didymodon Kindb.

t' Leaves from broad ovate-oblong base abruptly narrowed to

the subulate not longer acumen, Hat above, not or slightly

— 279 —

• 't i

reflexed below, straight when moist; nearly nil cellB (luiuhate;
costa Bhort-excurrent or percurrent. CapsuieH unknown. Habit
of the last. — Amer. r. U. S.: Roell, com. Brotherus.

b* Leaves mamiliose nearly uppressed when dry. Tul't«
U8. red brown, often high and very large.
Hl.D.ruflis Lorentz. — liarbula Jm-atzka.

Leaves from ovate or ovate-lanceolate base gradually acuminate
acute, faintly reflexed to above middle; nearly all cells short;
costa percurrent. Capsules unknown. — Alp. rocks r. Eur.
Austria: Breidler. Switzerl.: Pfefter. Norway: Zetterstedt; Ha-
gen; E. Nyman. Amer. »Greenl.: Berggren.

, VL Leptodontium Hampe. - • ' .

A. Leaves broadly limbate all around by pale cells, denti-
culate nearly all around, papillose.
32.D.recurYifolills Taylor. — Bryum Tayl.; Didymodon Wilson.

Leaves ovate-oblong obtusate subobtuFo not rellexed, si)rea-
ding when moist; costa short-excurrent. Capsules unknown.
Tufts blackish brown 2 — 10 c. m. high. — Wet rocks r. Eur.
Engl.: Holt.

B. Leaves not or indistinctly limbate, entire below middle.

a. Leaves papillose and reflexed; costa not percurrent,
33.D.flexifolius Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Didymodon Hoo-
ker et Tavlor.

Leaves oval-oblong or Ungulate, obtusate acute or apiculate,
dentate above middle or in upper third, reflexed at both sides,
spreading when moist. Capsule cylindric; teeth fugacious some-
times entire; pedicel pale yellow. Stem 1 — 8 c. m. high. —
Bare gravelly and turfy places in warmer districts r. Eur.
Engl.: Boswell. France: Husnot.
34.D.styriaciis Juratzka.

Differs from the last: Leaves narrower, sparingly dentate near
apex, reflexed at one side, patent when moist; lower basal cells
gen. wider. Capsules unknown. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria:
Breidler.

b. Leaves papillose not reflexed; costa sometimes excurrent.
35.D.geifiiiiasceiis Mitten. — Leptodontium Braithwaite; »Strep-
topogon Mitten »: Braithw. , i;- .i .. ..*

Leaves broadly ovate- lanceolate acuminate acute, distantly
dentate above, spreading or olaviculiform when moist; costa
short-excurrent with propagula at apex. Stem 2 — 6 c. m.
high. Capsules unknown. — »0n thatched roofs» r. Eur.
Engl.: Davies, com. W. H. Pearson, n 4i ss^^aivJCi -- .imunn

.,t

■■■';r>

m

' i

•280 —

?rt •

.1 I

Nil

' 5

I'

;h !*!■

i 1

I

^

36.D.Hoimfi Hodwig. — GyinnoHtonmin H.; Didymodon Kindb.;
Pottia Fuornrohr. ^ r.Knj

Leaves lanceolnte or Hublingulnte, the upper long-ncuminate
acute, densely Rorrulate above, not Rftreadinp;; coKta u?. not
excurrent. Capsule phort subcylindric or oval-oblong; lid pyBtylic;
peristome none; pedicel red. Slem 1 — 2 c. m. or lower. Mon-
oecious or synoecious. — Wet soil often near sea Koujetinies
in alps. — Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, N(*rway! Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Drummond; VVaghorne.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

♦D.Ryani Philibert. — Pottia Phil.; Didymodon Kindb. ^'''^•'

» Leaves very small, oval or short-oblong, very obtuse and
entire. Lid of capsule short and thick. — Eur. Norway:
Ryan*: Philibert revue bryoi. 189(i.

37.D.heiiliioi(1e.s Kindb. — Pottia Kindb. eat. Can. m.

Leaves suboblong, the lower obtuse, the upper short-acuminate
acute; costa gen. excurrent. Capsule cylindric longer and nar-
rower than in the last; peristome present but rudimentary; pe-
dicel golden yellow. Stem only 2 — 3 m. m. high. Otherwise
as the last. — Earth in alps r. Amer. Can. Rocky rats: Ma-
coun. .,mir''VV5 •>- ...■ .in')tn.-'HmwttM.'m,n,M'

C. Leaves smooth distantly dentate or denticulate. '■'■ p''^

BS.D.riparius Austin. — Pottia Aust.; Sulliv. ic;m. m.; Didy-
modon Kindb.; Barbula lingulata Warnstorf; Triohostonium
Warnstorffii Limpricbt.

Leaves oval-oblong or Ungulate obtuse sometimes apiculate,
sparingly denticulate near npex sometimes to ^/^, patent when
moist; only the lowest lu'sal cells rectangular; costa not or
scarcely percurrent. Cup-ule oblongcylindric; peristome un-
known; annulus broad. Stem to 3 c. m. high, sometimes with
propagula. — Wet rocks near water r. Eur. Switzerl.: Weber;
Culmann, com. Husnot. Amer. U. S.: Austin, com. Mrs
Britton. . .^_ r r

39.D.MaC0Ullii Kindb. (new name). — Leptodontium canadense
Kindb. cat. Canad. m. *^^. v?/ilif i

Leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lingulate acute, coarsely
dentate at least in upper half, spreading when moist; lower
basal cells rectangular; costa percurrent or short-excurrent.
Stem scarcely 1 o. m. high. Capsules and male plants un-
known. — Stones in rivers r. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun.

'JSI —

VII. Hydroponiiim C. Mueller. ' ''

40.D.KhrPllborgii Lorentz. — Trichostotnuui Lor.; Dulymodun
KiiuU).; TrichoBtomum (Hydrogoniiini) mediteminouin C. M.

Leaves Hublinenr or ovnto-lanecolate RubohtUHo not (or indi-
stinctly near base) reflexed, patent when moist; l)asal onlls
narrow hyaline, the otliors sniootii suhpelhicid sparingly chloro-
phyUose; costa not or scarcely excurront. Caj^Hulcs unknown.
Stem often 3 — 6 c. m. high. — Wot calcareous rocks r. Eur.
» France: Taxis »: Boulay {Africa, Alger: Debat; Philibert).

11«. Pottia Ehrhart.

A. Leaves smooth with hyaline cells. Paroeoious. ' ' •
l.P.veiiusta Juratzka. '

»Upper leaves long obovate-oblong Hpathulate short-acuminate
not reflexed; coata excurrent. Capsule oval-cylindrio; teeth
none; annulus double persistent. — Eur,»: Schimper {•»Asia
island Cyprus: Unger»: Jur.).
2.P.pallida Lindberg. ■■■'■''■ < ««.i!'-.

• Leaves recurved near middle, shorter than in the last.
Capsule oval-oblong; annulus none. Smaller than the last. —
Eur. r. Spain; J. Lange»: Schimper.

B. Leaves often papillose; cells more or loss chlorophyllose.
a. Paroecious. Leaves us. reflexed and papillose; costa

long-excurrent. ,, . i -.>):/ .•;i'^i> i

S.P.crinita Wilson.

Leaves broadly oblong-lingulate obtusate often obtuse, papil-
lose and reflexed. Capsule lis. suboval; teeth wanting or rudi-
mentary; pedicel orange; calyptra us. smooth — Moist banks
and rocks near sea r. Eur. Engl.: Ralfs. ' '

* P.viridlfolia Mitten; Braithwaite.

Lower leaf-cells shorter, the upper smaller. Peristome none.
— Rocks near sea r. Eur. Irel.: Stewart. France: Le Jolis.

* P.aspei'Ula Mitten; Braithwaite.

Leftf-cells as in P. crinita *viridifolia. Peristome none. Ca-
lyptra scabrous. — Eur. r. Engl.: Curnow.

* P.Wilsoni Hooker. — Gymnostomum Hook.; Pottia Br. eur.

Lower leaf-cells long narrow, the upper very small. Capsule
narrower; teeth rudimentary. Calyptra scabrous. — Sandy
rocky ground r. Eur. France: Lamy. Engl.: Curnow. Amer.

»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. ■ -

4.P.cuiieifolia Solms Laubach.

Lower leaves linear-oblong, the upper longer and spathulate-
oblong Bubobtuse smooth r. reflexed. Capsule oval-oblong

19

■-P--

If*-'.

— 282 —

%"

small; teeth indistinct; pedicel reddish. Plants small. — Eur.
r. Portugal: Solms Laubach, com. Venturi. 'r:!\o:h! iff:-^ O.^JJ'
5.P.Notarisii Schimper. yM't;-.H! .,;;i,: ■ ; ; ', -tLtil^i

»Differ8 from P. crinita: Leaves smaller narrower; upper cells
scarcely chlorophyllose. Capsule oblong-cylindric longer narro-
wer and longer-pedicellate. — Eur. r. Sardinia: F. Mueller*:
Schimp. syn.

b. Monoecious. Le
Pedicel reddish.
6.P.truiicatula L. —
Fuernrohr.

Leaves subobovate acute or short acuminate smooth not
reilexed; costa not long exourrent. Capsule short cupuliform
or subhemisphieric; teeth none. — Kartli in fields and gardens,
Eur. common. 3wcden! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: com. Macoun.

';■!■' ' Vi

.-;■•;':• I. ■'; -*

tff;r. -.1

• Y-'v

••'.;w/,l:-.' If!

res often

smooth

and

not

reflexed.

ryum

L;

Pottia

Lindb,

; P.

truncata

T.P.lanceolata Hed

wig.

— Leersia H .; Potlia C, M.

. Leaves oblong-lingulate acute obtusate or short-acuminate,
us, reflexed and more or less papillose; costa oftcii long-excur-
rent. Capsule oblong-oval; teeth often well-evolute. — On
earth, Eur, not r. iSwitzerl.! Sweden: S. Hardin. France: Puget.
Italy: Arcangeli,

* P.littoralis Mitten; Braithwaite. .;,u ^u-l

Leaves nearly smooth; costa shorter-excurrent. Peristome
none, — iSandy soil near sea r, Eur. Engl.: Rogers, Atner.
Can.: Macoun.

* P.interiliedia Turner, — Gymnostomum Turn,; Pottia Fuern-
rohr.

Leaves faintly papillose sometimes slightly reflexed; costa
ehort-excurrent. Capsule gen. subeylindric; teeth none or rudi-
mentary. — Banks and walls. Eur. not r, Sweden! France:
Brebisson. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

117, Bermatodou Huebener. ■• :?:: !r J.
l.D.cernuus Huebener, — Desmatodon Br, eur.; Cynodontium
latifolium Schwffigrichen.

liCaves oblong sublingulate sharply acuminate acute limbate
papillose, reflexed at least to middle, us. denticulate near apex;
costa excur'-ent Anally reddish. Capsule broad-ovate inclined
or horizontally patent with erect neck, finally red-brown; teeth
long us, deeply cleft; lid apiculate; pedicel straight yellow
finally red 10 — 16 m. m, long. Spores about 0,04 m. m.
Tufts dense to 2 — 3 c. m. high, often lower. Monoecious.

— 28 ;i —

— Calcareous stones and -wans or (in Anier.) on earth, not
common. Eur. Switzerl! Austria: Breidler. Norway: Zetter-
Btedt. Amer. Can,: Maooun; Drummond 114.

*D.xanthopus Kindb. — Desniatodon Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves less chlorophyllose; costa greenish. Capsule larger;
teeth more united; pedicel yellow not red. — On earth r. Amer.
Can.: Maooun.

2.D.camptothecins Kindb. — Desmatodon cat. Canad. m.

Differs from D. cernmis: Leaves narro'^er and longer, sub-
obtuse gen. entire, nearly smooth, reflexcd only rear base;
costa greenish. Capsule arcuate pale brown or pale red; teeth
short cut in 2 — 4 partly cohering segments; lid Avith oblique
beak; pedicel flexuous arcuate when young, reddish yellow. —
Rocks near Atlantic sea r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

118. Weisia Shrhart.
' A. Leaves long narrow, serrate at the broad base, at least
the perichetial. Dioecious. Stem us. high.

L Euclatliiini. Capsule long-exserted; lid deciduous; teeth
more or less cleft; annulus persistent or indistinct. Leaves not
recurved, gen. faintly crisped when dry; cells pellucid; costa
excurrent.

B. Leaves broad entire crisped. Monoecious or paroecious.

II.- Pseudo-Pottia. Capsule long-exserted; teeth often present;
lid deciduous. Leaves concave often recurved; upper cells
small; costa sometimes excurrent Habit of Pottia. Stem low.

C. Leaves entire narrow gen. sublinear.

a. Licaves often involute us, crisped; costa often excurrent.
Stem low. Often monoecious.

HI. Astoinuin. Capsule not emerging above upper leaver;
lid persistent or loosed with difficulty; teeth none. Stem very
short.

IV. Hymenostomuin. Capsule long-exserted; lid deciduous;
teeth none. Leaves crowded; costa excurrent. Monoecious.

V. Eu-Weisia. Capsule long-exserted; lid deciduous; teeth
present at least rudimentary, us. entire. Leaves crowded; costa
sometimes not excurrent.

b. Leaves not involute and not or slightly crisped; costa
not excurrent. Dioecious. Stem often high.

VI. HynieilOStylhim. Capsule without peristome; lid systylic;
annuhis none. Leaves p'artly recurved; upper cells more or
less pellucid.

;«JiL 4

11

m

1

\

1 ■

•AT f

11

.«

i &'

h 1 1

s

\

I

I
I f

s

M i

If i

I

f!'!t'

IH

' 1 ! in '

'i :

l' '

s I

i - j

— '284 -

VII. Gymnostomum. Capsule sometimes but r. with peri-
stome; lid deciduous not syetylic; annulus often present. Leaves
sublinear not recurved; cells gen. subquadrate, the upper us.
opake and very small.

1. Euoladium Br. eur.

l.W.verticillata L. — Bryum L.; Weisia C. Mueller. '

Leaves carinate brittle from short ovate base somewhat
abruptly narrowed to the nearly subulate acumen; inner basal
cells much larger than the outer. Capsule brownish suboblong;
teeth cleft or perforated. Tufts eradiculose us. encrusted with
calcareous deposite. R. fruiting. — Dripping calcareous or
sandstone rocks. Eur. princ. in southern distr. not r. Switzerl.!
Sweden very r.I Spain: Levier; Dieck, com, Roell. Greece:
Heldreich. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. i.' r t <. ^

n. Pseudo-Pottia Kindb.

A. Leaves not recurved. Peristoiiiial teeth well-evolute more
or less perforated; annulus distinct. Monoecious.
2.W.caespitosa Bruch. — Pottia C. M.; Trichostomum Jur.

Leaves suboblong acute or short-acuminate; basal cells small
short-rectangular; costa short-excurrent. Capsule subovate small-
mouthed us. twice longer than the rostellate lid; pedicel yellow.
Often loosely tufted. — Bare calcareous soil in warmer distr.
r. Eur. Prance: Philibert; Brebisson. Germany: Schemmann.

B. Leaves recurved. Peristome us. imperfect or wanting;
annulus not distinct. Paroecious.

S.W.Stark ei Hedwig. — Pottia CM.

Leaves subobovate-oblong or narrower, acute or short-acumi-
nate, recurved nearly all around; basal cells rectangular; costa
gen excurrent. Capsule oval-oblong, lid short thick subconic
or obtuse; pedicel us. yellowish. Us. not tufted. Smaller than
the last. — Fallow fields and banks. Eur. not r. Sweden:
Hamnstroem. France: Bouvet. Greece: Heldreich. Amer. r.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam,

* W.Davallii Smith. — Gymnostomum Sm.; Weisia Kindb.;
Pottia minutula Br. eur.

Capsule subovate; teeth none; pedicel reddish. Leaves often
rufescent when old. Very small. — Eur. not r. Sweden, Swit-
zerl.! Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. . > , , , ,
*W.inutica Venturi. — Pottia Vent.; Weisia Kindb.

Leaves with subpercurrent costa. Peristome rudimentary. —
Dolomitic rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.: Marl. ^^^n

285 —

* W.commntata Limpricht. — Pottia Limpr.; Weisia Kindb.

» Capsule often inclined; teeth very short. Leaves narrower
refiexed, sometimes suboval subobtuse. — Calcareous soil r.
Eur. Istria: Weiss »: Limpricht. v ^iefL' /?

4.W.groen1andica Kindb. in Hedwigia 1897 p. 65.

Leaves suboblong-linear or sublingnlate verj' obtuse, only the
uppermost recurved; cells nearly smooth; costa not percurrent.
Capsule oblong; lid long-conic much shorter; teeth none; pe-
dicel reddish. — Habit of W. Starkei. — Arctic distr. r.
Amer. Greenl. Silch: Baur 1885, com. Roell.

HI. Astomum Hampe (Systegium Schimper).
>i A. Leaves channelled not involute. :,;''-

a. Leaves •with long-excurrent costa, crisped. ^ ; f*:
S.W.Levieri Limpricht. — Astomum Limpr.; Weisia Kindb.

Comal leaves and the outer perichetial long-subulate much
larger than in W. crispa; inner perichetial short-acuminate much
shorter. Capsule globose-oval; pedicel very short; lid rostrate.

— Clay soil r. Eur. Italy: E. Levier. :vh„4

b. Leaves with subpercurrent costa.
H.W.nililticapsularis Smith. — Phascum Sm.; Weisia Mitten.

Lower leaves distant; comal an':! perichetial larger, long-acu-
minate subulate, crisped; costa not or slightl}'' excurrent. Cap-
sule subglobose or oval-oblonr, not much longer than pedicel,

— Clay fields r. Eur. »Engl.>;: Braithwaite.
T.W.Mittenii Bruch et Schimper. — Astomum B. S.; Weisia
Mitt.

Lower leaves distant; the uppermost larger, subulate, shorter-
acuminate than in the last, not or faintly crisped; costa not
excurrent. Capsule subglobose; pedicel somewhat longer. —
Clay iields and banks r. Eur. »P^ngl.»: Braithwaite.
8.W.rostellata Bridel. — Phaseum Brid.; Weisia Lindb. ' "

Leaves crowded long-acuminate acute not distinctly subulate,
crisped; costa short-excurrent. Capsule oval-oblong; pedicel
2 — 3 times longer. — On earth r. Eur. Engl.: Rogers. France:
Sebilles, com. Hu!>not.

B. Leaves involute gen. carinate and long-acuminate, crisped.
■" a. Leaves with gen. long-excurrent costa: the lower distant.
O.W.crispa Hedwig. — Phaecum H.; Weisia Mitten. ,w-.4./rf^

Comal and perichetial leaves long-subulate. Capsule sub-
globose; pedicel shorter; lid us. with short beak. — Clay or
sandy soil. Eur. not r. Switzerl.! Sweden: Lindberg; S. Har-
din. Amer. Can.: Drummond n. 11, com. Macoun.

■Hi; t

■ I ]-■ i

M

— 286 —

lb. Leaves long-acuminate with subpercurrent costa, the
lower distant. Capsule with rostellate lid.
lO.W.SulliTantiJ Schimper. — Astomum Sch.; Sull. icon, m.;
Weisia Kindb.

Capsule globose; pedicel shorter. — Clover-fields r. Am.er.
U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Mohr, com. Macoun. «• J
ll.W.Dltidula Schimper. — Astomum Sch.; Weisia Kindb.

»Capsule ovoid; pedicel much longer. — Amer. r. TJ. S.»:
Sullivant icon, m,
* W.Drummondii Kindb. — Systegium cat. Can. m.

Capsule subglobose; pedicel 3 — 4 times longer, nearly emer-
ging above upper leaves. — Amer. r. Can.: Drummond, com.
Macoun.

C. Leaves crowded: upper long-acuminate, lower short-acu-
minate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule with thick short obtuse

point. ":'|i'."r-!C hi -'-^ l,..;ih -T-.h' '>\ ISi ,'i4:iT ^f-iy;;;!

12.W.LudoviciaB Sullivant. — Astomum Sull. ic. m.; Weisia
Kindb.

Capsule suboval; pedicel often somewhat longer. — Amer. r.
»U. S.»: Sullivant.
.'•M?^>'i^ ;■ IV. Hymenostomum R. Brown, f- i i'?/ol

A. Pedicel short. Stem finally decumbent. Leaves not
involute.

IS.W.squarrosa Esenbeck et Hornschuch. — Hymenostomum
Es. et Hornijch.; Weisia C. M.

Capsule with somewhat small mouth. Plants very small. —
Clay fields and banks r. Eur. France: Husnot. Germany:
Dreesen. < . ,.

B. Pedicel elongate. Stem erect. Leaves involute.
14.W.microstoma Hedwig. — Gymnostomum H.; Weisia
C. M.

Leaves us. not strongly involute above; costa pale faint.
Capsule with very small mouth, ofter. asymmetric. — Banks
and barren fields. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Spain etc.!
IS.W.tortilis Schwa^grichen. — Gymnostomum Schw.; Weisia
C. M.

Leaves less involute; costa stout finally brown. Capsule
symmetric with somewhat wide mouth. — Limestone rocks
and walls r. Eur. Switzerl.l France: Bouiay. Engl.: Rogers.

V. Eu-Weisia.
■ A. Perichetial leaves obtuse short convolute. Other leaves
with not distinctly excurrent costa, not involute, .'>m«k .i>m

iO

— 287 —

IG.W.COnTOluta C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves sublinear- subulate. Capsule gen. narrow; beak shorter.
— Crevices of rocka princ. in alps r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts
2800 metr. a. sea, V^anc. isl. and Peace river: Macoun.

B. Perichetial leaves acute not convolute. Other leaves
with excurrent costa.

I.T.W.viridula L. — Bryum L.; Weisia Hedwig.

Leaves from subovate base acuminate, strongly involute, only
the lowest with flat borders; costa pale, papillose at back.
Capsule us. suboval with shorter beak; pedicel yellow. — On
earth, often on walls and roadnides. Eur. common in lower
districts. Sweden, Switzerl.l Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond
67. U, S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

* W.longirostris Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 59. ''

Capsule more wide-mouthed, gen. shorter than beak; teeth
gen. rudimentary. — Amer. r. U. 8. Chicago: Roell. '■'*"-

* W.crispata Esenbeck et Hornschuch; Gymnostomum Es. et
Hsch.; Weisia Juratzka.

Capsule more small-mouthed, suboblong, r. longer than beak;
teeth rudimentary. — Clay and calcareous soil. Eur. Switzerl.l
Sweden: J. Persson,

* W.longiseta Lesquereux et James. > ' - . „• , ^
("Leaves larger, more hyaline at base. Peristomial teeth often
cleft. Tufts gen. more dense. — R. Eur. Engl.: Rogers. Amer.
U. S.: Mohr, com. Macoun; Langlois, com. Cardot.
18.VV.Wimmeri Sendtner. — Gymnostomum Sendt.; Weisia
13r. eur.

Differs from W. viridula in suboblong leaf-base and paroe-
cious inflorescence. Peristome us. rudimentary. — Earth in
alp. regions r. Eur. Norway! Switzerl.l; Schimper.
ID.W.riitilans Hedwig. — Gymnoptomum H.; Weisia Lindb.;
W. mucronata Br. eur.; W. Wolfii Lesq. et Jam.

Differs from W, viridula in nearly all leaves flat at borders.
Capsule us. suboval; beak shorter; pedicel orange about 1 c. m.
long. — Clay soil r. Ear. Engl.: Barnes, com. Bottini. Italy:
Roell. Amer. Can. Ottawa and Vane, isl: Macoun. U. S.:
Wolf, com. C. Mueller.

* YV.Oanderi Juratzka.

' Capsule oblong scarcely longer than beak. — Eur. r. Switzerl.l
France: Philibert. ►■v;-*-^ Mi.,,-^..,^.^ .,---_;i, ^i.-.-j-i: ,.m .;.;■■,; .i,av.

:'>>{■.

m

'•••i.

#t

f (
• S'*

I

•

I

.ffil

!■

— 288 —

VI. Hymenostylium Bridel.
20.W.CUrvirostrls Ehrhart. — Pottia Ehrh.; Weisia C. M.;
Gymnostomurn Hedwig.

Leaves long narrowly ovate-lanceolate or sublinear acuminate
acute carinate, more or lees papillose: the upper sometimes
falcate; cells often faintly yellowish or less pellucid, rectangular
or subquadrate; the lower basal cells hyaline sometimes
rhomboidal. Perichetial leaves costate nearly similar. Capsule
red-brown subglobose or obovate; beak longer and oblique.
Tufts radiculose often high, sometimes loosely cohering. —
Calcareous and schistose rocks princ. in alps. Eur. not un-
common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. U. S.: Demetrio, com. Cardot.
21.W.platypli.vHa Kindb. — Gymnostomum Kindb. bull. Torr.
club 1889.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusate obtuse nearly smooth con-
cave or channelled, shorter and broader than in the last; cells
pellucid somewhat large: the upper subquadrate, the inner
basal rectangular hyaline. Perichetial leaves ovate, the inner
not or indistinctly costate. Capsules unknown. Tufts not
high nearly eradiculose. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.

near a waterfall; Macoun. f -s . ,w.

VIL Gymnostomum Hedwig.

At Tufts compact. Stem somewhat elongate. Capsule with
indistinct or narrow persistent annulus; peristome none; pedicel
yellow. , • ; •,. ■ T

22.W.riipestri8 Schleicher. — Gymnostomum Schl.; Weisia
C. M.

Leaves carinate often acuminate, acute or obtuse, not or
faintly curved when moist, somewhat long; costa not percurrent.
Perichetial leaves nearly similar not sheathing. Capsule oblong
finally pale yellow, at least twice longer than the conic beak;
annulus none. Tufts often high us. brown-green. — Rocks
princ. siliceous. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl. I
Engl.: Holt. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne; Drummond 24.
23.W.calcarea Esenbeck et Hornschuch. — Gymnostomum
Es. et Hornsch.; Weisia C. M. ^

Leaves channelled or indistinctly carinate above, obtusate or
short-acuminate, acute or obtuse, not or faintly curved when
moist, not long; costa not percurrent. Perichetial leaves larger
and longer with long sheathing base and shorter, attenuate
acumen; the inner shorter. Capsule oval-oblong yellowisi; lid

- 289 —

short with conic beak; annulus narrow. Tufts us. light green
mostly encrusted by chalk, lower than in the last. — Calcareous
rocks. Eur. not uncommon in southern distr. Switzerl.I France:
Philibert. Spain: Levier. Italy: Arcangeli. Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.

24.W.falcata Kindb. bull. soc. bot. ital. 1895.

Differs from the resembling last: Upper leaves distinctly ca-
rinate somewhat long- acuminate and gen. acute, falcate when
moist; costa gen. percur-ent. Inner perichetial leaves long-
acuminate not or indistinctly sheathing. Lid of capsule nearly
flat. Tufts dark green le.'^s compact. — Calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Italy monte Caprino near Lugano: Roell and Kindb.

B. Tufts loose very low. Capsule minute; annulus us. broad.
Leaves channelled. Plants small.

a. Lower leaves not shorter than the upper; cells pellucid,
the upper nearly smooth well-distinct.

25.W.Barbllla Schwsegrichen. — Gymnostomum Schw.; Weisia
Kindb.; Hyophila Hampe; Pottia C. M. /i <

Leaves not long, obtusate gen. obtuse, not or faintly curved
when moist. Perichetial leaves nearly similar not sheathing;
the innermost one from short base somewhat narrowed to a
long linear obtuse at one side faintly reflexed acumen. Capsule
long cylindric; beak short; teeth none; annulus broad loosed
in pieces. — Rocky banks of mountain rivulets r. Amor.
»U. S.: Garber»: Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, herb. Sulliva,nt,
com. C. Mueller).

b. Lower leaves shorter than the upper; upper cells opake
very small. Leaves often curved when moist. i ^v?. s.-AJt.

aa. All leaves short; costa not percurrent. Capsule with
broad annulus. . ,^ ..., t,, ,., ,.;;.(,.<' ,..,,;
26 W.tenuis Schrader. — Gymnostomum Schrad.; Weisia C.
M.; Gyroweisia Schimper.

Leaves sublingulate arrounded at apex not acuminate. Peri-
chetial leaves larger and longer with long Hheathing base and
Kublinear obtuse shorter acumen. Capsule oblong; lid conic
much shorter; teeth none; annulus often revoluble. Stem often
with shoots at base; their leaves smaller and shorter. — Lime-
stone and sandstone rocks princ. in warmer districts. Eur. less
r. Sweden, Switzerl.I France: Lamy. Engl.: Cunliffe. Amer,
V. Can,: Diummond 21; White, com. iMacoun.

m \

4^

— 290 —

' Si

1}
I

* W.reflexa Bridel. — Gyroweisin Schimper. '•'ivio ffUv,* ri>.v'^

Peristome present us. rudimentary. Leaves more curved. —
Eur. r. France: Camus, oom. Husnot.

27.W.acutifolia Philibert. — Gyroweisia Phil.; Wei.sia Kindb.
»Gyrowei.sia tenuis»: Limpricht.

Leaves not arrounded at apex; tlie upper sometimes acute,
not much longer than the lower, Perichetial leaves acuminate
acute. Capsule suhoval twice longer than beak; teeth none;
annul us revoluble. — Caverns of calcareous rocks r. Eur.
Switzerl.: Philibert.

28.W.pusilIa Kindb. revue bryol. 1896. — »Gymno8tomum
tenue»: Kindb. cat. Canad. m, ; ,■,;...-,, it

Leaves obtusate subacute not arrounded at apex. Perichetial
leaves not larger and not nheathing, the inner one subovate
shorter. Capsule oblong, not longer than beak; teeth none or
rudimentary; annulus not revoluble. Resembles W. tenuis in
size. — Calcareous rocks r. Atner. Can. Owen Sound: Macoun.

bb. Leaves acute; the lower oval very small, the upper
very much longer (about 4 m. m.); costa subexcurrent. Annn-
lus of capsule not found.

29.W.linealifolia Kindb, — Gyroweisia Kindb. revue bryol.
1892 and Nuovo giorn, hot. ital. 1893. t i-iu j'.;n •(■[.■ om

Upper leaves somewhat broader at base, crenulate-papillose
all around; costa subexcurrent. Perichetial leaves from broader
base abruptly tapering to a sublinear by costa nearly filled
acumen. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth none; lid long-rostrate;
pedicel pale finally reddish. Stem with shoots at base as in
W. tenuis. — Calcareous rocks r. Eur. Switzerl. in a cavern
near Lugano!

119. Syrrhopodon Schweegrichen. . ,. / '.
l.S.texanus Sullivant icon, muscorum. v,^'v^;i,^.ir , ; *^' . ..

Leaves hyaline-limbate and serrulate nearly all around, subli-
near acute or obtuse; nearly all basal cells large hyaline, the
others very small <)])ake; costa with 2 serrate lamellte near
apex. Calyptra scabrous. Peristoinial teech with 2 or 3 arti-
culations. Tufts dark green or blackish. — Amer. r. U. S.
south. St.: Sawyer, com. Cardot. "^;ii io ;f; * itn .- -

2.S.crispilS Austin. — Calymperes Lesq. et Jam.

»Leaves hyaline-limbate in lower part, papillose-crenulate
above, narrowly panduriform or Ungulate, obtuse; basal cells
larger, the upper very small. Tufts compact yellowish green,
brown inside. — Amer. r. U. S. Florida »: Lesq, et Jam. - ^

— 291 —

S.S.floridaiius Sullivant icon. muse. " * " ' " "

Leaves not limbnte, entire at the lower part of sheath, pa-
pillose-crenulate in its •u])per part, narrowly ovate-lanceolate,
tapering to the pubobtuse apex; upper lamina furnishpd with
2 serrate lamella3 at each border; the most cells nmall dunky,
only the lower basal large hyaline; costa papillose, not serrate,
at back. Calyptra smooth. Peristomial teeth with 5 — 6 arti-
culations. Pedicel of capsule shorter than in the last. Tufts
brown green. — Decayed logs r. Amer. r. U. S. south, st.: Fitz-
gerald, com. Renauld.

120. Dialytrichia (Schimper as subgenus) Limpricht.
1 .B.Brebissoni Bridel. — Barbula Brid.; Dialytrichia Limpr.;
Cinclidotus Husnot; Tortula mucronata Lindb. ;

Leaves broad somewhat long sublincar or sublingulate round-
obtuse carinate with thickened borders above the hyaline slightly
reflexed base; upper cells papillose subquadrate, the basal rect-
angular hyaline or faintly colored; costa thick short-excurrent.
Capsule suboblong; lid rostellate much shorter; teeth short
reddish papillose scarcely once contorted; basal tube short; pe-
dicel yellowish red. Stem branched 2 — 5 c. m. high us. erect. Tufts
large dark green or dirty brownish. Habit of Cindidoti • riparius.
— Base of trees near rivers or stones in rivulets r. Lur. Italy I
France: Husnot. Belgium: Roemer. Spain: Bolos, com. Venturi.
2.D.canceUata C. M. — Barbula C. M.; Dialytrichia Kindb.

DilTers from the last: » Leaves yellowish green; stem nearly
simple. Capsule cylindrie; lid scarcely shorter; teeth smooth;
calyptra very rough. — Amer. v. U. S. Texas: Bolb: C. M.
in Flora 1873. V-''^ ^ • -

121. Cinclidotus Beauvois.

A. Leaves narrow long sublinear or nearly subulate, falcate
when moist.
l.C.aquaticus Jacquin. — Hypnum Jacq.; Cinclidotus Br. eur.

Leaves crowded entire channelled narrowed from base, faintly
curved when dry; nearly all inner cells subquadrate faintly
pellucid, the marginal short-rectangular; costa thick sublinear
excurrent to a thick smooth point, occupying about \'i uf la-
mina at base. Capsule oblong brown; lid subconic often nearly
as long; teeth brittle partly loosed with difficulty; pedicel short-
exserted. Tufts brown or dark green. Stem naked below
and much branching, often very long to 50 c. m. — Ri/ulets.
Eiir. southern distr. somewhat r. Switzerl.l, Schimper. Austria:
Venturi. Italy: Arcangeli. Germany: Kolb.

iV.I

■HI \

■M

■ VI.''

•k'i^

— 292

n

2.C.fRlcatus Kindb. revue bryol. 1887. "n'^ >«n..:^i

Differs from the last: LeaveB less crowded and dark green,
distinctly falcate also when dry; cells opake very chlorophyllose;
costa broader and gradually narrowed, occupying at least Y^
of lamina at base, much narrower at apex und gen. not ex
current. Stem not naked below, divided in long branches.
Capsules unknown. — Springs r. Eur. Greece: Heldreich.

JS. Leaves broad obtusate or broadly acuminate, patent
when moist; lower cells short rectangular.
3.C.riparin8 Host- — Gymnoetomum Host; Cinclidotus Arnott.

Leaves concave entire sublinear oblong or sublingulate gen.
obtusate obtuse; upper cells smooth. Capsule oblong; teeth
yellowish rudimentary; pedicel short-exserted. Stem 2 — 8 c. m.
long sparingly branching often erect. Tufts blackish. — Stones
princ. in rivers, r. Eur. Germany: Holler. France: Gucpin,
com. Husnot. Sweden: P. 01^-son. Spain: Dieck, com. Rooll.
4.C.foniinaloide8 Hedwig. — Trichostomum H.: Cinclidotus
Boauvois.

Leaves carinate sometimes denticulate at apex, ovate-oblong
or broadly ovate-lanceolate acuminate gen. acute; upper cells
sometimes faintly papillose. Capsule oval nearly immersed;
teeth reddish. Stems fasciculate often to 10 — 15 c. m. long
with numerous short branchlets. Tufts olivaceous or brown.
— Stones in springs and rivulets Eur. not r. in lower warmer
districts, r. in alps. Sweden, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. r. »Can.:
Macoun*: Lesq. et Jam.

■*^' •'' '■^'■"': ■ Fam. 25. CalymperaceaB. J'Z ''-TmZI

122 Calymperes Swart?.
l.CRichardi C. Mueller. ■.' *

» I leaves yellow-limbate at least in lower part, suboblong ob-
tuse; costa not excurrent. Calyptra slightly sc^abrous. Tufts
looses: C. M. — Trees r. Amer. »U. S. Florida*: Lq. et Jam.
2.0.di8ciforme C. Mueller.

sLeaves yellow-limbate suboblong; costa excurrent. Calyptra
very scabrous. Tufts pulvinate. Barren branches with short
crowded leaves*: C. M. — Amer. r. ^U. S. Florida*: Lq. et Jam.

,^ J Fam. 26 EncalyptacesB. ;^ ' /; l^ ,:,

. ' 123. Encalypta Schveber. ^.v.^^v aiy. i i>-.-

•• A. Peristome double. Pedicel red. j<..;nf.v^ ^&u\

L Streptotheca. Capsule finally twisted, r. distinctly necked,

293 -

more or Ighk ribbed; teetb rod; cndostomo yollow; oaly[)trn very
long, fringed below. Leaves limbate euculltite lingulnte.

II. Diplolepls. Capsule noc^ked, neitber twisted nor Bulcate;
endostome rudimentary udbeiing to teetb; calyptra us. fringed
wben young. Leaves not litnbnte,

B. Peristome simple or wanting. Monoecious.

a. Leaves not recurved. Capsule witbout distinct defluent
neck; pedicel red. ,j s! • > ii^

III. Bhabdotlicca. Capsule greenisb or pale yellowisb, sul-
cate wben dry, often red-ril)bed; peristome often present; ca-
lyptra not long, r. fringed. Leaves often limbate.

IV. Pyroniitriuin. Capsule pale brown not sulcate; peri-
stome none; calyptra long, often fringed wben young. Leaves
limbate.

b. Capsule more or less distinctly necked; pedicel yellow
in younger state. Leaves recurved.

V. Xanthopus. Capsule reddisb r. sulcate, not ribbed; peri-
stome US. present. Leaves not distinctly limbate. i ;. 'Jias

I. Streptotheca Kindb.

A. Capsule very mucb twisted also when unripe. Leaves
obtusate obtuse; costa bispid above at back, not excurrent.
Spores about 0,01 m. m.

l.E.COntorta VV^ilfen. — Bryum VVulf.; Encalypta Lindb.; E.
streptocarpa Hedwig.

Outer perichetial leaves from broad base abruptly tapering
to a long Bublinear obtuse acumen; the inner shorter with short
acute acumen. Pedicel faintly rough. Calyptra hispid at beak.
Sterile stems often with propagula. Dioecious r. fruiting. —
Rocks princ. calcareous. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Nor-
way, Switzerl.! Austria: C. E. Kindberg. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.E.cuciillata C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Perichetial leaves gradually long-acuminate acute with long
hairpoint. Pedicel smooth. Calyptra hispid on the whole
surface. Stem without propagula. Monoecious. — Crevices of
alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Capsule faintly twisted, straight when unripe; pedicel
smooth; calyptra hispid at beak. Upper leaves acute; costa
smooth often excurrent. Spores 0,02 m. m. Monoecious. ,5
S.E.procera Bruch.

Upper leaves gen. acute, sometimes with hairpoint; the peri-
chetial subovate short-acuminate us. with hairpoint. Capsule
without distinct neck; teeth us. shorter than endostome. —

1 1

4tr-

— 204 -

ScluKtofie rockts in alp. region r. Eur. Noi-wayl Amer. Can.:
Mucoun; Drummond 48.

4.E.Selwyiii Austin. ' .:-).J'' -^.-Arr-' •'

LeavGB more recurved tlinn in tho last; the upper and pori-
chetial longcr-acuniiiinte with Um^i; hiiirpoint. (!apsulo sonie-
times with diHtinct neck and more twisted; endostonie Ichh
papillose, as long as teeth. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif.
distr.: Macoun. U. 8,: Roell. ^ - .b>'f iv-T! .,j -Jivju

II. Diplolepis Kindb. Virj,;';? .:!;

A. Capsule not or scarcely longer than neck. ^-n.-t- ■■ h„
5.E.loi)^ico]la Bruch; Husnot ni. (!all.

Leaves long narrow subli near Ungulate obtuse or acute, con-
cave not recurved; costa excurrent to a short yellowish point.
Perichetial leaves long, the iiuier not smaller, with long whitish
hairpoint. Capsule brown witii red neck; teeth purplish. Spores
0,05 — 0,09 ni. m. Calyptra long fringed nearly glabrous. —
Calcareous soil in alp. region r, Eur. »Austria, Switzerh, Ger-
many*: Schimper. ;-':('> ; .i 'i)'>A .)t' ' r i . s^ •!•

B. Capsule nuich longer than neck.

Rt Leaves long narrow sublinear-lingulate; the perichetial
ovate-oblong. Calyptra long hispid fringed when young.
G.E.affliiis Hedwig fil.; Lindb. — E. apophysata Esenbeck et
HoruBchuch. 1. : ?1-:^'W ,-;-/vvf '.- ■..-iif^.V/ 'tVu ^.h

Leaves more or less acuminnte often acute, not or indistinctly
recurved; costa short excurrent not piliform at apex. Capsule
brownish; teeth pale red. Spores about 0,02 m. m. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. iSwitzerl.i Sweden: Aongstr<jem. Austria: Breidler.
T.E.longipes »Mitten»: C. M. in herb. — »E. Macounii»: Britton.

Leaves ger;. obtusate, distinctly recurved nearly all around;
costa not excurrent. Capsule reddish brown; teeth brown-yellow.
Spores about 0,03 m. m. — Clay banks in alp. region r.
Amer. Can. Rocky mts 2250 metr. a. sea: Maeoun; Drummond
60 c, com. C. Mueller. ' svlnj

b. Leaves Bon)ewhat broad and not long, oblong-lingulate
or shorter; the perichetial us. subovate r. suboblong.

aa. Leaves distinctly recurved nearly all around; costa not
ex(!urrent without hairpoint.
S.E.Ieiocarpa Kindb. cat. Canad. m. ; ^<^' ^^ >*' ' iir-xuu^

Leaves oblong-lingulate obtuse. Capsule brownish; teeth
brown-yellow; calyptra faintly rough, not fringed. Spores about
0,02 m. m. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1800 —
1850 metr. a. sea: Macoun.

f

.■(,;<

/»

— '295 —

hb. LeavoH not or Jndistiiuitly roi'urved; coHta lonf?-excuiTeiit
with linirpoint.

U.E.brevicolla Rruch. -••^''■* -'» ■»''*-"•■ ^^r.,'-'^-iV:^_ ii--:-\,u ^.it^nm
[jeaves ohlong-lingiilate aciito hoiiKitiinoH Hlijjhtly reoiirved,
often Kt'rnite at apex, very conciivo; Imirpoiiit wliitiKli. (Capsule
red; neck diHtiiict; teeth whitish; ealyptra nliort fihd)roiiH fringed
when yuiing. Spores ahout O.OI^ ni. in. — SchiHtoHe rocks in
alp. regiona in northern districts r. Eur. Norway! Sweden:
E. Adlerz. "I^''.' --' '."if ^ •' ■^' jr^' -■'^■■■><:- .1. ■; ., .',^., ■

lO.E.subbrevicoIIa Kindh. n. 8p. ' . i '- ; <>v isl

Leaves ohlong-linguhito ohtusate undulate not recurved, en-
tire gen. ohtuso; halrpoint whitish. Perichetial leaves suhohlong
acuminate. Capsule hiownish with very short neck; teetli
whitish when moist, pale reddish when dry; ealyptra somewhat
long with hispid hcak, fringed when young. — Amer. r. Can.
northern liahrador: Macoun 1^9(5.

11 E.labradorica Kindh. n. p.

Leaves suhovate obtuse or subacute entire not recurved; hair-
point whitish or at base yellowish. Capsule brownish with
distinct neck; teeth brown-yellow; ealyptra short faintly rough
not fringed. — Amer. r. Can. northern Labrador: Macoun 1890.

N, y,^ III. Rhabdotheca C. Mueller. n t,!, ,-

A. Leaves not distinctly limbate.
ri.K.oxstiiictoria Swartz. — Mnium Sw. 1781; Encalypta 8w.
1799; Leersia vulgaris Hedwig 1787; Encalypta IIolYm. 1795.
'■ Leaves short subspathulate us. obtuse sometimes apiculate;
costa not or r. excurrent with short hairpoint, us. without
hairpoint. Capsule red-mouthed not ribbed, finally sulcate
when dry; teeth wanting or rudimentary; pedicel elongate.
Calyptra pale yellow not fringed, more or less hispid. Spores
about 0,03 m. m. Tufts green low, radiculose only at base.
— Clay or sand on walls and rocks. Eur. common at least
below alps. Sweden! Italy: Arcangeli. Greece: Heldreich.
Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

*E.tenella Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. (i5.

Leaves shorter, suboval gen. arrounded at apex sometimes
with long hairpoint. Capsule small; teeth wanting; pedicel not
much emergent. Calyptra whitish nearly smooth very small.
Plants very small. — Amer. r. U. S. Montana: Roell. _.,,...,-._

B. Leaves limbate below.

a. Tufts dense very radiculose, brown below, often high.

'!'

i(

,1'

i!

29t^ —

f! H>:

IS.E.rhalnlocarpa Schwa3grichen. U-'. -u u.t r f. .1 .J<1

Leaves suboblong or ohlong-lanceolato obtusate ub. subacute;
C08ta often excurrent pometiuios piliferous. Capsule us. red-
ribbed and oblong-cylindric; teeth orange or purplish. Calyptra
short hispid not fringed. Spores 0,04 — 0,05 ni. m. — Cal-
careous and schistose rocks. Eur. common in alps. Sweden
(also below alps), Norway, Switzcrl.l Amer. Can. not r.: Macoun.

* E.leioniitra Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Capsule short suboblong; teeth nearly blunt; calyptra glabrous.
Leaves short-lingulate; costa subpercurrent. Tufts low. —
Amer. r. Can.: J. M. Macoun. ./ ' ' ' t

• E.loptodoii Bi uch. — Leersia rhabdocarpa *leucodontea Kindb.
Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Capsule less distinctly ribbed; teeth whitish often rudimen-
tary or wanting. Leaves suboblong; costa not excurrent without
hairpoint. — Rocks, Eur. not common. Norway! Sweden; M.
Hubs. Switzerl.: Roell. ,., y.

b. Tufts less dense, radiculose only at base, green and not
high. Costa of upper leaves long-excurrent with hairpoint.
14.E.spathu1ata C. Mueller.

Leaves oblong-spathulate us. obtuse. Peristome none. Ca-
lyptra fringed nearly glabrous. Capsule more or less sulcate.
Spores 0,03—0,04 m. m. — Stones and walls r. Eur. Sweden!
Austria Transsilvania: Earth, com. C. Mueller.
15.E.8ubspatlmlata C. M. et Kindb. I. c. -»^ "'' • * "«

Leaves spathulrite-lingulate obtuse. Capsule not ribbed, faintly
sulcate when dry; teeth pale high or partly incomplete and
membranose. Calyptra hispid above, not fringed. Spores 0,04
— 0,05 m. m. Tufts low not dense, — Earth r. Atner. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.

IV. Pyromitrium Wallroth. '' ' ' '-^ -s'.^

16.E.alpiUA Smith 1805. — E commutata Esenbeck et liorn-
schuch 1827.

Leaves deeply impressed at both s' jes above the short erect
nearly sheathing base, sublingulate acute more or less attenuate;
costa often excurrent. Perichetial leaves us. piliferous. Calyptra
brownish glabrous. Spores 0,03 — 0,04 m. m. Tufts tomentose
often high and brown. — Alp. rocks. Eur. common in northern
districts, otherwhere r. Norway! Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts;
Drumraond 49.

V. Xanthopus i^indb. U »'»v:- : M
. A. Capsule not sulcate. »^\' !.»;!.!,, - j^sua d!i;>i .Jt

— 297

;fj.

IT.E.ciliata Hedwig. — Leer8ia H.; Encal}'i)ta Hoffmann. '>

Leaves lingulate subacute not long; costa nearly smooth at
back, often excurrent to a yellowisli point. Capsule with short
less distinct neck and pale mouth; teeth orange erect when
moist, appressed to mouth when dry, faintly papillose and us.
brittle. Calyptra fringed also when old, us. glabrous r. rough
at beak. Spores about 0,03 m. m. — Earth and stones also
in alps. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Amer.
»Greenl.»: Berggren.
* E. microstoma Balsamo et Notaris. *■' ' - '■ •*

» Capsule with narrow mouth and distinct neck; teeth irre-
gular ue. wanting. — Earth in alps r. Eur. Austria; Switzerl.)):
Limpricht.

18.E.Macounii » Austin* : Macoun. — Leersia borealis Kindb.
Laubm. Schwed. u. N.

Leaves gen. narrowly lingulate; costa longer-excurrent than
in the last. Capsule with distinct often somewhat long neck
and brown mouth; teeth brown-red or red, erect when dry,
appressed to mouth when moist, distinctly papillose and not
brittle. Calyptra as in the last. Spores about 0,04 m. m. —
Rocks. Eur. in alp. regions not common. Norway! Switzerl.:
Husnot m. Gall.; H. Forssell. Amer. Can. not r,: J. Macoun
(also original specimen determined by Austin). Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

B. Capsule distinctly sulcate when dry. «■■ J' :-;,y viu,j;iU!

lO.E.alaskana Kindb. cat. Canad. m. ' > .h>j >iA ,S

Leaves short subobovate subobtuse; costa nearly smooth,
scarcely excurrent. Capsule with very short neck and brown
mouth; teeth as in the last. Spores about 0,02 m. m. Calyptra
not seen. — Arctic district r. Amer. Alaska; J. M. Macoun.

124. Merceya Schimper. - ^ ,'• i

l.MJigulata Spruce. — Encalypta Spruce; Merceya Schimp,

Leaves lanceolate-lingulate cucuUate arrounded at apex, re-
flexed below l)ut not limbate, not or indistinctly papillose;
upper cells small round-quadrate, the basal rectangular; costa
not excurrent. Capsule oblong; teeth none; pedicel long. Stem
simple or bifurcate. Tufts dense, brownish below, yellow-green
at the tips, 2 — 4 c. m, high. — Wet rocks r. Eur. France:
Renauld; Jeanbernat. Austria: Breidler.
2.M.latifolia Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI. -^ ^--^ ^^

Leaves broadly spathulate-lingulate obtusate obtuse or sul)-
acute, slightly reflexed near base, broadl> limbate by orange-

^:.r i

::.i5;'

U ■■

'if' '..

'■•if'. i

l!

'•'1' ,

— 298 —

colored larger cells, smooth; other cells as in the last; costa
percurrent or scarcely excurrent. Capsules unknown. Stem
divided. Tufts dense, brown-ferruginous below, green at the
tips, about 3 c. m. high. Habit of Barhula ruralis. — Wet
rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Vane. isl. >/U. S. Calif. »
C. M. lierb. itl

Fam. 27. Orthotrichacose.

ii>-!;5-Ml ' --U-

li

125. Orthotrichum Hedwig.
A. Stomata of capsule superficial.

a. Leaves partly or wholly involute, not carinate. Dioe-
cious. «V..'fcX ,-!. => '.. i -^ ^'.iu^^i :s;m :sn,s^0fp

I. Coelopliyllum. Leaves short concave obtuse; cells gen.
short. Capsule immersed sulcate strangulate when dry; calyp-
tra scabrous; teeth retiexed when dry, broader than the cilia.

b. Leaves gen. carinate and recurved nearly all around,
not crisped. Monoecious or (0. exigumn) dioecious. :;?■] >.;' r.

II. Dorcadion. Capsule r. strangulate; calyptra us. hairy.
aa. Capsule narrow subcylindric not distinctly constricted,

us. exserted.

1. 8peciosa. Capsule nearly smooth at least when young;
ciHa narrow; teeth us. opake and connate in pairs. Leaves
carinate gen. long. t ^ , .%., - - .li*; >'

bb. Capsule thick oval-oblong strangulate and sulcate, us.
immersed; cilia narrow.

2. Arctica. Leaves short often subcanaliculate, us. obtuse.

3. Affinia. Leaves long carinate us. acute. ? m r * "^ '
CC. Capsule thick suboval not strangulate. ' i .' i -

4. Rnpestria. Capsule immersed or emergent, more or
less sulcate; teeth erect or patent when dry, joined in pairs
but UB. subpartite; cilia narrow. Leaves long carinate.

5. Leiocarpa. Capsule wholly or partly immersed, not
sulcate; cilia very broad; teeth not connate. Leaves sometimes
short and nearly fiat at borders.

C. Leaves faintly or not carinate, partly recurved or wholly
flat at borders, us. long and crisped. Sometimes dioecious.

III. Lyellina. Capsule us. immersed; ciha somewhat broad.
Leaves not or faintly crisped; alar cells not hyaline. Dioecious,
often (in Europe) with propaguia when sterile.

IV. IJiota. Capsule exserted; cilia narrow. Leaves more or
less distinctly crisped; alar cells mostly pluriseriate and hyaline.
Tufts us. pulvinate. Monoecious.

— 299 ~

V. Pseud-Flota. Capsule exsorted; cilia narrow. Leaves
strongly crisped; hyaline alar cells uniseriate or indistinct.
Tufts pulvinate. Dioecious very r. fruiting, often with propa-
gula when sterile.

B. Stomata of capsule immersed.

VI. Calyptoporus. Capsule often strangulate; cilia us. sub-
filiform. Leaves more or less recurved, gen. not crisped. Mon-
oecious. ^.., ■_...: >-.,.,, ..... y, ..,,,:..,.,., ,.,.,-r>-.-{-

a. Leaves partly flat at borders. Plants gen. small.

1. Psilocarpa. Capsule immersed thick neither sulcate nor
strangulate. Leaves not crisped.

2. Microcarpa. C'lpsule immersed thick sulcate us. stran-
gulate. Leaves not crisped. -- - .,.„^.^. .t.

3. Pulehella. Capsule narrow subcylindric sulcate not di-
stinctly strangulate, us. exserted. Leaves more or less crisped.

b. Leaves recurved nearly all around, not crisped. Capsule
sulcate.

aa. Leaves with hyaline hairpoint.

4. Diaphana. Capsule immersed not strangulate. Plants small.
bb. Leaves without hairpoint.

5. Bivularia. Capsule immersed. Leaves channelled short
broadly obtuse; cells large thin-walled, the upper pol\'gonal;
costa abbreviate. Plants gen. large, growing in or near water,
r. fruiting.

6. Cupulata. Leaves carinate long gen. acuminate acute;
upper cells small rotundate thick-walled; costa gen. percurrent.
Capsule sometimes not strangulate; teeth not appressed to it.
Plants often large, growing on rocks or less often on trees.

7. Pamila. Leaves more or less distinctly carinate often
obtuse; upper cells small rotundate thick-walled; costa gen.
percurrent. Capsule us. strangulate; teeth appressed to it when
dry. Plants small us. pulvinate, growing on trees or less often
on rocks. " *

I. Coelophyllum Kindb. ' '*~

A. Capsule with nearly as long neck; teeth orange. " .

l.O.obtusifolium Schrader. ■'■'

Leaves ovate-oblong obtusate not involute at apex, also the

perichetial; costa pellucid not percurrent. — Trees and roofs.

Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. not common.

Can.: Macoun.

2.0.inflexuin C. Mueller syn. — »0. brachytrichum Schim-

per»: Lesq. et Jam. ? ,mvmi:

Uii

t^M^t:

•/•I, .?
,..1 ■: i

iT'

— 300

if:;

ir

^, Leaves narrower than in the last and less . obtusate or sub-
acute subinvolute nearly all around; cells larger; costa shorter,
sometimes ceasing far below apex. — Trees r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

B. Capsule with short neck; teeth wanting. ;|

S.O.gymnostomum Bruch. v v., .-> sH'*.**»a..^l*; i iV

Leaves subovate-oval obtusate obtuse involute all around;
costa subpercurrent brown opake, Perichetial leaves narrower
sometimes acute. — Trees princ. Populus tremula r. Eur.
Sv/edeu not uncommon, Norwayl Amer. Can.: Waghorne.

II. Dorcadion Adanson; Lindberg. >rt-.

„, 1. Speciosa.

A. Capsule short-emergent; pedicel very short; teeth free
or slightly connate at base.

4.0.BolaBiideri Sullivant icon, muscor. - n. :*..,

Leaves ovate-lanceolate short-acuminate subacute, faintly re-
curved below, flat above, faintly papillose, appressed when dry,
falcate when moistened. Capsule short-necked, smooth when
young finally sulcate; teeth yellowish appressed when dry;
caiyptra hairy. Tufts about 3 c. m. high. — Rocks r. Amer.
»U. S.»: Sullivant. , ,. .'

5.0.psilothecinm C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. . »,, ; -,, . ,, ^.,i

DifiEers from the last: Leaves shorter often obtuse or obtusate,
recurved nearly all around, less papillose, not appressed when
dry. Peristomial teeth not connate. Caiyptra finally glabrous.
Tufts 1 — 2 c. m. high. Capsule greenish as in 0. affine. —
Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S. Oregon: Roell. ,i;; n >

B. Capsule exserted gen. long-emergent; teeth connate in
pairs.

a. Capsule arrounded below, not defluent to the short neck,.
e.O.laevigatuin Zetterstedt. — O. rhabdophorum Venturi ?. |

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate short- acuminate not subulate.
Capsule brown us. wholly smooth; pedicel longer. Tufts dark
green or blackish not high. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway:
J. E. Zetterstedt; I. Hagen. — Amer, Can. Pacif. distr.: Macpun.

b. Capsule defluent to the long neck. if#i|.f
aa. Capsule not or very faintly sulcate when old. fc.»ti!&1=

T.O.Killgii Lesquereux; Sullivant icon. m.

Leaves as in the last but nearly appressed when dry. Capsule
longer or shorter than pedicel; teeth whitish erect when dry;
caiyptra hairy. Tufts as in the last, 1 — 2 c. m. high. — Rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

!;|^i»

801

I- ;'.

:'('.

M

; ' i^

rlnm-

U\':''' 'JVt-t::4%'

"^ bb. Capsule U8. distinctly sulcate when old.
S.O.speciosum Esenbeok.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate or r. subobtuse at
apex, not or r. appressed when dry, falcate when moistened.
Capsule pale brown when ripe; teeth whitish or pale yellow,
us. appressed to it when dry; cilia not sinuous; pedicel shorter
than capsule; calyptra hairy. Tufts us. pale or yelloAvish green;
stem us. long. — On trees or less often on stones. Eur. com-
mon, but r. in alp. regions. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

* O.elegans Schwsegrichen. ' • '■

Capsule pale or greenish; teeth pale yellow; calyptra nearly
glabrous. Tufts 1 — 2 c. m. high. — Eur. r. »Finl.»: Lind-
berg. Amer. »U. S.»: Cardot. {Asia, Sibiria: H. W. Arnell).
9.0.Boellii Venturi.

Differs from 0. speciosum: Capsule longer exserted shorter
than pedicel; teeth pale yellow erect when dry. — Rocks r.
Amer. U. S.: J. Roell.

* O.stenocai'pum Venturi. — 0. lonchothecium C. M. et Kindb.

Capsule less distinctly sulcate; teeth often smooth. Leaves
dark green nearly appressed when dry. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell. '^ « ■»' orn...^,, ..jtv^o . .vr«, r

* O.Schlotthaiieri Venturi.

Capsule longer than pedicel; teeth sometimes appressed when
dry. — Rocks r. Amer. U. S.: Roell.

lO.O.Killiasii C. Mueller. "^ .^.l.-^. ^.*hmvV

- Leaves ovate-lanceolate shorter and shorter-subulate than in
0. speciosum, appressed when dr}', not falcate when moist.
Capsule faintly sulcate; teeth yellowish erect when dry; cilia
sinuouH; pedicel shorter than capsule; calyptra finally glabrous.
Tufts browii 1 — 3 c. m. high. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. U. S.: Roell. ''■ J^. ■: ;' f^ .; .uq

2. Arctica.
ll.O.Pylaisii Bridel; C. M. syn. — O. Breutelii Hampe; O.
BIyttii Sciiimper.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate more or less
obtuse, narrowly or slightly reflexed, faintly open when moi-
stened; cells gen. short. Capsule suboval; teeth not or faintly
perforate; cilia short or rudimentary; calyptra hairy.

licaves short us. faintly papillose; costa subpercurrent. Cap-
sule exserted distinctly sulcate; teeth opake; pedicel long. Tufts
olive-green or brown. — Rocks near sea in northern princ.

U I'

^<. 1

rl

!

i
I I

!i

!;

I
I

m

— 302 —

arctic distr. r. Eur. Norway: E. Nyman; I. Hagen. Spetsber-
gen: Berggren. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Waghorne. >

* O.bfeTinerve Lindberg.

» Leaves nearly smooth; costa abbreviate. Tufts brown. —
Eur. r. Finl.»: Lindb. musci scandin.

* O.Sommerfeltii Schimper. . ^ '

Leaves longer nearly smooth; costa subpercurrent. Tufts green
or yellowish green, — Eur. r. Norway: W. Baur; Arnell. :.

* O.microblepharc Schimper.

» Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate distinctly papillose; costa sub-
percurrent. Capsule faintly sulcate; teeth smooth above; pedicel
short. Tufts blackish. — Eur. r. Finl.»: Lindb. 1. c. s.jh'I

* O.arcticum Schimper.

Leaves as in the last. Capsule faintly sulcate not wholly
exserted; teeth opake; pedicel short. Tufts blackish or dark
green. — Eur. r. Norway: Zetterstedt; W. Baur. Russia: Bro-
therus. -■..,:,.'' vrf* --^i' .&' i -^m'^^-^ .ll-r/ -^.'^^r*. vfr'4n> ' '•-'(- i i- '

* O.groenlandiciiiti Berggren.

» Differs in peristomial teeth separated not connate in pairs.
Amer. r. Greenl.*: Berggren.
12.0.S0rdidutn Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. icon. m.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate gen. acute
sometimes short-acuminate, faintly papillose and broadly recur-
ved, open when moistened; inner basal cells narrow. Capsule
broad-oval or subpiriform immersed or nearly exserted; teeth
opake perforate above; cilia long; calyptra sparingly hairy; pe-
dicel very short. Tufts dusky green about 1 c. m. high. —
Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. >>> 'f ;<fi .utW'Vv^^? ;^

3. Affinia. ,;i;M v )-ri(i1 ^'f-jti'-

lS.O.afflne Schrader.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate us. subulate-acuminate and very pa-
pillose. Capsule oblong yellowish green defluent to the long
neck; teeth pale perforate (fenestrate) above, finally appressed;
pedicel very short; calyptra sparingly hairy. Tufts green us.
2 — 3 c. m. high. — On trees r. on stones. Eur. common.
Sweden, Switzerl.I Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* O.fastigiatum Bruch. — O. neglectum and 0. appendiculaium
Schimp. .5;fj_ iLi0;i^ -■,hy-f^-ii;Uit^- ij|fi.5i,j^v**-'^ :4¥iHii^ a-tv^k i^i-'ri ;i>4?»i '-^

Leaves shorter-acuminate less papillose. Capsule suboval;
calyptra nearly glabrous. Tufts us. pulvinate and about 1 c. m.
high. Habit of 0. pumilum. — Trees. Eur. not uncommon,
Sweden, Switzerl.I Germany; Warnstorf. -v

— 303 —

* O.acnmlnatnm Philibert. iv;:, .- . .: ; . ,r,

Capsule more abruptly narrowed below, sometimes euboval;
teeth rudimentary. — Trees r. Eur. France: Philibert. Italy:
Venturi.

*0.praBmoiBium Venturi.

.; ; Leaves lees papillose. Capsule oval; teeth often rudimentary,
deflexed when evolute; calyptra hairy. Stem 2 — 3 e. m. high.
Rocks r. Amer. U S.: Roell.

4. Rupestria.
U.O.rupestre Schleicher.

A Leaves ovate-lanceolate often rigid, us. faintly papillose and
not subulate-acuminate. Capsule brown gradually narrowed
below, us. immersed; pedicel us. shorter; teeth yellowish. Tufts
us. brown or blackish and not high. — Us. growing on rocks.
Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Austria: Venturi.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* O.Franzonii Notaris. .

Tufts green. Leaves less rigid. — On trees and rocks r.
Eur. Switzerl.l

* O.Sturiiiii Hornschuch. ''

Leaves longer acuminate subcanaliculate. Capsule arrounded
below; teeth paler. Tufts us. blackish. — Rocks not common.
Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l France: Husnot. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

IS.O.texanuin Sullivant icon, muscor. '■

v Differs frorii 0. rupestre *Sturmii: Leaves distinctly carinate
and less rigid, sometimes nearly subulate; basal cells ,>range.
Peristomial teeth dark yellow or orange. Tufts us. brown-green.
Stem often very long. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.:
Macoun.
IG.O.Douglasii Duby; Lesq. et Jam. :i v : /^ v

Leaves ovate lanceolate long- acuminate subsubulate very pa-
pillose not rigid. Capsule pale brown nearly exserted, arroun-
ded below, nearly smooth when young; teeth erect whitish or
pale; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts yellowish green; stem often
long. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Roell. :>• >

5. Leiocarpa.
IT.O.leiocarpum Br. eur, — 0. striatum (Hedw.) Bridel. '

Leaves ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate carinate us. long.
Capsule brown- yellow Huboval or oval-oblong quite smooth;
neck not distinct; teeth opake finally appressed, orange in

m

■') ■

■ ' ' . ' <
■ ! '!

t.\:

( .

I-

:!

' .

I i

I i

11

i -i

I!

1i

M

Hi

— 304 —

younger stnte; cilia yellowiBh narrower; calyptra not densely
hairy. Tufts green or yellowish green 2 — 4 c. m. high. —
On trees r. on rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I
Amer. r. Can.: Drummond 154.

* O.Shawii Wilson. A-uiu\<,V mn^it^ianimA)*

.' Capsule yellowish; teeth pale; cilia unknown. Leaves with
shorter costa. Tufts dark green 1 — 2 c. ni. high. — On trees r.
Eiir. Switzerl.I France: Philibert.
IS.O.exigiinm Sullivant icon, muscor.

Leaves small short gen. ovate-oblong, sometimes broadly ovate-
lanceolate or sublinear, obtusate or short-acuminate gen. obtuse,
often nearly wholly flat or slightly refiexed at borders; cells
gen. short; costa subpercurrent or shorter. Capsule oval faintly
striate when old; neck none or indistinct; cilia whitish broader
than teeth; calyptra nearly glabrous; stomata ? Tufts small
green about 0,4 c. m. high. Dioecious. — Base of trees r.
Amer. U. S. Nat. Park: Roell. .(..-,. j:i-»-

III. Lyellina Kindb.

A. Capsule immersed; pedicel indistinct. Leaves nearly
appressed when dry not fiexuous, with numerous propagula.
19.0.Lyellii Hooker et Taylor. ^ •■c.fT'o**, <:» -ii-vjioi *^'..vj!mJ.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate nearly
flat at borders. Capsule suboblong pale brown; cilia reddish;
calyptra sparingly hairy. Tufts dark green not high. Often
sterile. — On trees. Eur. not r. below alp. regions. Sweden,
Germany, Switzerl.I Greece: Orphanides. (Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq.
et Jam.)

B. Capsule more or less emergent; pedicel distinct. Leaves
without propagula, the upper us. fiexuous or crisped.
20.0.papi]losum Hampe. — O. Pringlei C. M. r., ,....:,?/

Leaves as in the last but longer and recurved at least at
one side to the greater part, more papillose also below. Cap-
sule longer, subcylindric brown and partly emergent. Stem us.
higher. Tufts us. yellowish or bright green. — Trees and rocks.
Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun. U. S. Calif.: Mrs L. C. Feely.
*0.strictum Venturi. %?= /^:>v'i '^^uk ..V -^! /:« .;lk — .'.irinl

Leaves dark green shorter, appressed when dry. — Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun.
21.0.1yellioides Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves long as in 0. papillosum, nearly flat or undulate at
borders, faintly papillose, not appressed when dry; the upper
crisped. Capsule narrow-cylindric pale brown nearly wholly

— 305 —

exaerted; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts dark green, blnckish
below, somewhat high. — Trees and rocks r. Affier. Can Vane,
isl.: Macoun. •rn'Tj-^n^'^*

IV. Ulota Mohr.
' A. Leaves not or indistinctly crisped; hyaline alar cells gen.
uniseriate or indistinct

Vt a. Leaves longish not twisted; nearly all cells short.
22.0.americaniim Beauvois. — Ulota Hutchinsise (Smith)
Hamraar.

Leaves more or less recurved princ. at base, broadly ovate-
lanceolate gen. subobtuse at apex. Capsule thick piriform; ca-
lyptra densely hairy. Tufts green or blackish. — On rocks or
r. on trees. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzorl.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
23.0.8ubulatuiii C. M. et Kindb. — Ulota C. M. et K. 1. c.

Leaves not recurved, ovate-lanceolate Buhulate-filiform at apox,
nearly appreseed when dry. C'upsule small narrow-clavate.
Tufts dark green or blackish. — Trees r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col:
Macoun.

b. Leaves short faintly twisted when dry; basal cells long.
24.0.Barclayi Mitten. — Ulota Mitt.; Sulliv. icon, m.; Ortho-
trichum Kindb. 'Uif'^-^ ;h'.)v':nf';:i.tri'^: '-,^ •imt'n ;^ax:<"/'''Hf:7/

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong subacute, not or faintly recurved
below, flat to the greater part. Capsule subobovate thicker
than in 0. americanum; calyptra sparingly hairy. Tufts brown-
green. — In alp. princ. arctic districts r. Amer. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. U. S.: Roell. v?f->sj^^ jnJ.jvi;::; '^iim'-;. ■{ «!j!'3 h\' <-■■

B. Leaves long very crisped; hyaline alar cells gen. indi-
stinct.

25.0.niega108porniii Venturi. — Ulota Vent.; Orthotrichum
Kindb.; Ulota subulifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.
.''' Leaves recurved at base, subulate-piliform at apex; upper
cells rotundate, the basal long. Capsule small short-obovate
sulcate linally subcylindric; pedicel long thin; calyptra nearly
glabrous. Stem often creeping. — Trees r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can.: Maccun. U. S.: Roell,

C. Leaves more or less crisped; hyaline alar cells in several
rows. "ifv

a. Capsule gen. not wholly exserted; pedicel short. Leaves
long distinctly pafuUose nearly opake; nearly all cells short.
2().0.C0iiliecteils Kindb. in Ottawa Natur. IV, 64. — Ulota
camptopodu Kindb. oat. Canad. m,]fs v« '>.if-ium'K .m. a'rni-i.i

ill

■^' .

m

:H

!>1

I I

— 306 —

Leaves recurved below, often subulate at npex, very crisped;
alar cells in straight transverse rows. Capsule small obovate not
constricted; pedicel often curved or geniculate in younger state.
— Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Capsule long-exserted; pedicel long. Inner basal leaf-
cells long

aa. Leaves not long with long cylindric papillse, faintly
crisped; alar cells short-rectangular. Calyptra densely hairy, i.
27.0.CUrvifolium Wahlenberg. — Ulota Bridel.

Leaves obtusate acute or subobtuse, nearly flat at least at
base, not or slightly crisped when dry, open-erect straight when
moist. Capsule obovate sulcate in its whole length, finally
subcylindric; neck short; teeth finally deflexed. Tufts blackish
below. — Rocks princ. in northern districts gen. r. Eur. Swe-
den and Norway, less r. in alps! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Wag-
horne.

28.0.scabriduni Kindb. — Ulota Kindb. cat. Canad. m.; U.
americana Mitten ? ; .r . i '" 'm^ :.i '< < i

Leaves obtusate or broadly acuminate subobtuse, recurved
below to middle, distinctly crisped when dry, falcate when
moist. Capsule obovate or suboblong sulcate in upper half
when young, finally subcylindric; neck somewhat long; teeth
erect. Tufts green or brown, dark brown below. — Rocks r.
Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

bb. Leaves long with short papillre, nearly smooth at least
at borders, us. not strongly crisped (at least the elder); alar
cells subquadrate. Calyptra densely hairy. Stem us. decum-
bent. Peristome not appressed; cilia very short, us. wanting.
29 O.Ludwigii Bridel. — 0. coarotatum Beauvois.

Capsule thick piriform with short stripes near the small
mouth; teeth erect. — On trees gen. r. Eur. Sweden, Norway!
France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne; Drummond 146.
BO.O.Drummondii Hooker et Greville. — Ulota Bridel. ; ' y;

Capsule narrowly ])iriform attenuate to mouth, striped to
neck; teeth patent when dry. — Trees in northern distr. r. Eur.
Sweden, Norway! Scotl.: Hunt, coin. Husnot. Amer. Can.: Wag-
horne.

CC. Leaves long with short papillae, not recurved at base,
strongly crisped. Peristome with long cilia. Stem erect. Cap-
sule us. finally subcylindric.
Sl.O.calvescens Wilson. -*• Ulota Wils.; Orthotrichum Kindb.

Leaves us. subulate at apex; upper cells rotundate, the outer

n7» «

— 807 —

basal long-rectnngnlnr (often to middle of leaf) in fltrnight rows.
Capsule not deeply sulcate, not strangulate; pedicel thin very
long; calyptra sparingly hairy. — Trees r. Eur. Irol.: Stewart
and Holt.

H2.0.Bniclili Hornschuch. — Ulota Hsch.; Orthotrichum Wilson.
Leaves us. subulate at npex; upper cells rotundate, the outer
basal short-rectangular in straight rows. Capsule deeply sul-
cate; calyptra densely hairy. — On trees or very r on stones.
Eur. not uncomnnon. Sweden, Switzorl.l France: Husnot. Amer.
r. Can.: Macoun. . . ., ,^

33.0.0btii8iusciilum C. M. et Kindb. — Ulota C. M. et K. 1. c.

Differs from the last: Leaves more or less obtuse at apex;
upper and middle cells oval-oblong. Capsule narrower; j)odicel
longer and thinner. — Trees r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. and
Vane, isl.: Macoun. ■■; ,* / ' ." ' ; ', ' • -7; i

34.0.ulophyHum Ehrhart. — Bryum striatum var. ulophyllum
Ehrh. 1780; Weisia ulophylla Elirh. 1787; Orthotrichum Kindb.;
O. crispum Hedwig 1788; Ulota Brid. 1819.

Differs from 0. Bnichii: Outer leaf-cells rhombic-quadrate in
oblique rows. Capsule shorter, us. strangulate. — On trees.
Eur. not uncommon. France! Sweden: Zetterstedt. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

* O.crispulnni Bruch. — Ulota Bruch; Orthotrichum Br. eur.

Capsule not strangulate, oval or round-oval not defluent to
neck. — Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway, France! Amer.
Can. not r.: Macoun; Waghorne. , ,, t h • •tshf?,; hsu

* O.illtorniediuill Schimper. — Ulota Sch.; Orthotrichum Kindb.

Capsule not or faintly constricted, finally subcylindric, suboval-
oblong when young. — Sometimes on rocks, gen. r. Eur.
Norway! Sweden: P; Olsson. Austria: Breidler. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne. Miquelon isl.: Delamare, com. Cardot.
85.0.Rolllliaiini Juratzka. — Ulota Jur ; Orthoirichum Kindb.

Differs from 0. ulophjUuru *crispulum: Leaves less crisped;
alar cells quadrate. Calyptra nearly glabrous. — Trees r.
Austria: Breidler, com. C. Mueller.

V. Pseud-Ulota Kindb. - • ->, ,

36.0.jlltlaildiciim Bridel. — Ulota phyllantha Brid. in part.

Leaves sublinear above middle, short-acuminate often sub-
obtuse, nearly Hat at borders, faintly papillose; nearly all basal
cells long; costa smooth. Capsule oblong; neck long; teeth
erect; pedicel long straight thin, — On trees princ. near sen

' i ' i'

308 —

•-■'Vi

i '.i.i

gen. r. Eur. (icrmany: C. Muellrr. Norway: J. Rocll. France:
Hupnot. Amer. Can. fruiting; Macoun; Waghorne.
87.0.niaritimiini C. M. et Kindb. — Ulota oat. Can. in.; U.
phyllantha Bridel in part.

Differs from the last: lieavcH gradually attenuate to the subu-
late apex, more distiiu;tly papillo.so also on coBta. Capsule
broad-oval; neck nhoit; pedicel shorter and thicker, curved when
moiptened. — Rocks near sea less r. Eur, Sweden not uncom-
mon! Norway: E. Nynian. Amer. Can. fruiting: J. Macoun.

Alaska: J. M. Macoun. . ,,,

VI. Calyptoporus Lindberg. ;•

. 1. Ppilocarpa.

SS.O.psIlocarpiim James. — SuUivant icon. muse.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtu-^ate subobtuse faintly
papillose, recurved below, sometimes faintly crenulate at apex;
colls small, the basal short. Capsule broad-oval finally sub-
oblong; neck not distinct; lid mamillate; teeth free opake erect;
cilia narrow; calyptra glal)rous. Stem about 0,5 c. m. long.

— Trees r. Amer. U. S.: James, com. C. Mueller. Can.: Macoun.

2. Microcarpa.
SD.O.inicrocarpuni Notaris; Husnot muscol. gall.

Leaves flat at borders at least at one side, nearly smooth,
gen. obtuse suboblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate; basal cells
short. Capsule suboval; neck .; tt distinct; teeth papillose yello-
wish connate in pairs, appressed when dry; calyptra glabrous.

— On small trees princ. Morns r. Eur. Switzerl. near Lugano!
40.0.Hallii Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. icon. m.

Leaves recurved below middle, distinctly papillose, ovate-
lanceolate acute or subsubulate at apex; alar cells quadrate,
the inner basal short-rectangular. Capsule oval; neck not distinct;
teeth smooth whitish connate in pair.^, erect when dry; calyptra
hairy. — Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

41.().Janiesii Sullivant icon, muscor. ->•' ■ «l.«K- ^ •

; Leaves faintly reflexed, very papillose with long cylindric
papillae, broadly obtuse ovate-oblong; marginal cells quadrate,
the inner basal somewhat long-rectangular not hyaline. Capsule
obovate-piriform often with thick neck; teeth smo(\in pale,
wholly or nearly free, deflexed-appressed when dry; "alyptra
sparingly hairv. — Limestone rocks r. Amer. Can.: M{?r-oun.

8. PulchcUa. >

42.0.i)ulchelluiii Brunton.
. Leaves long narrow subulate at apex, recurved below, flat

— 809

Hat

above, very papilloso with lotiR pupilln', uh. nliglitly crinpod;
nearly all basal cells lonj,'. Capnule Htripod oblong finally cy-
lindric; te(;th us. orange. TuftH yellowish green. — On trees
in warmer diHtrictH or r. on stonoH. Eur. r. Sweden: Wahl-
Btedt. Denmark: M. F. Lange. France: iluKnot. Amer. Can.
not r. in Pacif. diHtr.: Macoun.

* O.ulotaBforme Kcnauld et Cardot. vii.iitiT ."Wol').!

Leaves distinctly crinped. PoriHtome pale. — Amer. Can.:
Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
43.0. Winter! Schimper; Limpricht.

Leaves short-acuminato acute, recurved nearly all around,
faintly papillose with short papilla), scarcely twisted, gen. shortet"
than in the last; outer basal cells short. Capsule faintly striate
oblong-cylindric; teeth pale. Tufts green, brown below. — Trees
and rocks r. Eur. Germany: Winter, com. C. Mueller, Amer,.
Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun. «i.?n«.0 '

;^^R ■ -ill ?':J 4. Diaphana. ■>;«.* ;nM I 'jLi«?iq>^

44.0.diaphaniim Gmclin. — Bryum ( im.; Orthotrichum Schrader.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate nearly smooth. Capsule
oblong smooth Avhen young; neck short; calyi)tra nearly glabrous.
Stem 1 cm. or shorter. — On trees or r. on stones. Eur.
not r. Sweden, Germanyl Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* O.canuni Mitten.

» Capsule emergent. Leaves with shorter hairpoint. — Amer.
r. Can.: Drummond»: Lesq. et Jam.

5. Rivularia. ,yir;.':riw?

45.0.rivulare Turner. ..•.(^io

,<!

.f.

Leaves decurrent nearly smooth; alar cells rectangtdar very
large. Capsule oval short-necked; teeth opake. Tufts blackisli.
Stem often long. — Stones and trees in running water r. Eur,
Engl.: Rogers. France: Le Jolis; Husnot. Amer. U. S.: Hen-
derson, com. Cardot. • ii> -{ .^t.-V' .-A ;... .w W' rtrFktyVv'r:
46.0.euryph.yllum Venturi.

Differs from the last: Leaves not distinctly decurrent; alar
cells short-rectangular or indistinct. Capsule broad-oval; teeth
less papillose. Stem about 2 — 3 c. ra. — Stones in running
water r. Amer. U. S.: Roell. i .•^ij-ioi^ r ,.:.V' .in'Mf ~^v.i}ktM<i 'iv
47.0.Sprucei Montague.

D'^'^ert- from 0. rivulare: Leaves more papillose, not distinctly
decmieiiL; cells larger, the alar tpiadrate. Capsule smaller.
Tuft^ tew dark green. — Base of trees near water r. Eur.
Franoc Philibert. .a ■ ; i^ ;.w*yj .-.jni..- .:.* <i.kl^:\l:aai!;nd

I

^i

i"

,;. !

I* '■

— 310 —

■' 6. Cupulata. ■• - !•

A. Capsule not distinctly strangulate; teeth smooth erect
when dry. ^'^'i^Vi /-r" .■/■;,;!;;.. ,=';;; , ..iiuiun' .;:;> .ci < ■' , •.vnTT

a. Capsule narrow gen. long-exserted. • -r'' . :' ' •;!
48.0.anoinalum Hedwig.

Leaves subcanaliculate and not subulate at apex, hyaline
below, faintly pajwUose above. Capsule oblong or oblong-cy-
lindric with brown stripes; teeth nearly free. — On stones,
less often on trees and roofs. — Eur. common. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

b. Capsule thick suboval, sometimes immersed. .i-ii. I
49.0.consinii1e Mitten; Sulliv. icon. muse. ' - '' ■

Leaves not subulate at apex, faintly papillose above, hyaline
below. Capsule us. long-exserted; teeth nearly free. Stem us.
about 0,5 c. m. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.
''^ O.anonialoides Kindb. n. subsp

Capsule less exscrted; cilia shorter than teeth. Stem higher.
— Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. ■■'!"■' - - • .ini'^ui:.? miHUHUnur.
50.0.Watsoni James; Sulliv. icon. muse.

Leaves subulate at apex, strongly papillose with long cylin-
dric papillee. Capsule wholly immersed; teeth connate in pairs.
Stem 1 — 2 c. m. high. — Alp. rocks r. Amer, »U. S.»; Lesq.
et Jam. ' *'^' '^*?»*

B. Capsule thick us. strangulate, more or less immersed;
teeth nearly free often papillose, often patent when dry. Leaves
carinate.

a. Peristomial teeth entire. ' - ■.Ti..,fi,

51.0.uriiigerum Myrin. — »0. perforatum Limpricht»: Venturi.

Leaves very papillose, not hyaline below. Capsule us. with
indistinct neck; feeth papillose below, gen. erect when dry.
Tufts loose dark green. — Rocks princ. siliceous r. Eur. Switzerl.l
Sweden less r.!; M. Huss. France: Puget.
52.0.cupulatuiil Ploffmann. ..siUSi / 'u ;;. -.

Leaves us. faintly papillose, often hyaline below. Capsule
with more or less distinct us. thick short neck; teeth gen.
smooth, often patent when dry Tufts us dense and brown
or blackish when dry. — Rocks. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden,
Switzerl.l Amer. Can.: I\ acoun.
'^'O.nudiiin Dickson; Ventun. ■ '• '' ■ '

Capsule subemergent with long not defluent neck. — Eur.
not uncommon. Switzerl.l Austria: Breidler. Engl.: Rogers.
France: Brebisson. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

— 311

:t-.i:

necl. — Rocks r. Eur.

:WrAL

* O.SardagiiJD VeLturi. ■" f ;, - ..r-> .. j

Capsule with long detluent neck. — Dolomitic rocks r. Eur.
Switzerl.l Austria: Venturi. • ;,;<>.u.. i - mmnmtiir}^':^^"

* O.Ventiirii Notaris.

Capsule with short subdefluent
» Austria*: Venturi,

b. Peristomial teeth gen. partite and papillose.
53.0.Lescurii Austin; Sulliv. ic. m.; Kindb. rev. bryol. 1896.

Leaves nearly smooth short obtusate subobtuse. Capsule
immersed with short very thick not defluent neck; teeth erect;
calyptra nearly glabrous. Tufts low. — Limestone rooks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
*O.Porteri Austin.' ■•-;-■■

» Capsule nearly exserted. Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
54.0.Bai<laccii Venturi et Bottini.

Leaves very papillose somewhat long and acuminate. Capsule
immersed with short defluent neck; teeth patent; calyptra spa-
ringly hairy. Tufts about 2 cm. high. — Alp. calcareous
rocks r. Eur. Spain: Dieck, com. Roell. » Montenegro*: Bottini.

7. Pumila.

A. Capsule arrounded below when operculate, finally stran-
gulate when dry. Calyptra campanulate. •
55.0.Schimperi Hammar. — 0. fallax Schimper. ^ if * ?;< /

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, gen. broadly obtuse and
Bubcanaliculate; basal cells short-rectangular. Capsule suboval
not or slightly emergent; stomata nearly superficial; calyptra
glabrous. — On trees and roofs. Eur. not uncommon. SwedenI
Austria: Venturi. Amer. r. Can,: Macoun. ' ' ^r

56.0.strailglllatllin Beauvois; SuUiv. icon. muse.

Differs from the last: Leaves often subulate at apex; basal
cells sometimes longer. Capsule finally exserted; calyptra spa-
ringly hairy. — On trees or r. on rooks, r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Capsule not arrounded below when o})erculate. " ^''"
a. Capsule not distinctly constricted when dry. Leaves

eubcanaliculate.

67.0.paUens Bruch. ' ^ '

Leaves not r. obtuse at apex, faintly papillose, more or lesi;
long, often decurrent; inner basal cells somewl.at long. Cap-
sule partly emergent somewhat thick with long defluent neck,
us. pale yellow; stomata us, not much immersed; teeth us.
orange; calyptra campanulate yellowish us. glabrous. Stem us.
about 1 c. m. high. — On trees priuc. in warmer districts.

■ f.

— 312

11

11 III;

Eur. not r. France, Switzerl.l Sweden: Grccnwall. Amer. r.
?Can.»: Mitten.

* O.scopulorum Lindberg, — O. Arnellii and O. rufescens
Groenwall; Linipricht.

. Leaves obtupe at ap^^x. Calyptra sometimes pa))illoKe. —
Rocks r. Eur. Finl.; S. O. Lindberg. Sweden: Arneil. fKy,'>'

* O.Rogeri Bridel.

Leaves gen. obtuse. Capsule red brown; teeth reddish; sto-
mata more immersed. — Trees r. Eur. Austria: Arnold in Ra-
benhorst bryotheca n. 1239. Norvvay: Kaurin. Amer. »U. S.»:

Cardot. .|,;i' ,*(,?. .•;!! !iv!»-(-i

58.0.<)hloense Sullivant et Lesquereux. — SuUiv. icon. m.

Differs from 0. pnllens: Leaves decurrent, nearly smooth;
inner basal cells short-rectangular, the outer subquadrate, the
alar larger and rectangular. Capsule thick often immersed;
neck short; teeth pale; calyptra sparingly hairy. — On trees.
Amer. U. S.: Austin, com. C. Mueller. Can.: Macoun. r -isfii
59.0.1euconiitrilliii Bryol. eur.

Leaves broadly acuminate, gen. acute or subsubulate at apex,
faintly papillose; inner basal cells somewhat long. Capsule
greenish nearly or wholly txserted with long defluent neck,
narrower than in 0. pallens; stomata much immersed; teeth
whitish sometimes not connate; calyptra narrowly conic whitish
nearly glabrous. Stem 0,5 — 1 c. m. high. — Trees (princ.
Salix alba) in southern districts r. Switzerl.l; Philibert. Austria:
Venturi. France: Puget. r. ■ •• i : w • i ,!•!

b. Capsule finally strangulate.

aa. Cai)sule narrow oblong- cj'lindric, often exserted; neck
long; calyptra narrowly conic.
CO.O.tenellum Bruch. - "

Leaves long carinate very papillose; inner basal cells some-
what long. Capsule with defluent n ck; teeth pale connate in
pairs; calyptra yellow sparingly hairy. Stem 1 — 2 c. m, high. —
On trees princ. in lower diKtri(,'t8. Eur. not common. Switzerl.l
SwedenI; Groenwall. Italy: Venturi. Germany: Herpell, Amer.
r. Can.: Macoun. rinu ; ^n?-.?'.;*! i« ,, :

bb» Capsule thick oval-oblong, us. immersed; neck short;
calyptra broad. .,, , u;;:i ^, ;>..;. j, ■u^t ,-ut..

6l0.8traniineuiii Hornschuch.

Leaves us. long acute often carinate; inner basal cells long-
rectangular. Capsule piriform more or less emergent; teeth orange
papillose; calyptra straw-colored us. with few short hairs.

— 318 —

S.»:

Tufts 2 — 3 c. m. high. — On treeR or r. on mtones. Eur. com-
mon below alp. regione. Sweden, France, Swilzerl.! Germany:
WarnBtorf.
62.0.alpestre Hornschuch. -'•'-■'- " ■•••^ .*....,.,...

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, less acute and more
papillose. Peristominl teeth smooth above. Calyptra us. gla-
brous. Stem more radiculose. — On rocks in alp. regions, r.
on trees. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer.
r. »Can. and U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
63.0.pumiluni Swartz. ■ -'•' -^^'^^^i^ - • ^^-^i'w-i^

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate carinate us. acute; basal cells
short. Capsule suboblong immersed; teeth dark yellow; calyp-
tra glabrous pale yellow. Tufts about 1 c. m. high. — On
trees and roofs. Eur. not uncommon, Sweden, Switzerl.! France:
Husnot. »J.mer. »: Venturi.
64.0.BraMiiii Bryol. eur. '-^' ' -'" ■■^•"''s'"i y^^u.:v'u... -unr,

Differs from the last: Leaves longer. Capsule thicker, oval-
piriform; teeth paler. — On trees or r. on stones. Eur. r.
France: Berthoumieu. Norway: Bryhn.
65.0.cylindrocarpuin Lesquereux; Sullivant icon. m. ■'•''^^^'^ ''

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtusate subobtuse subcana-
liculate; basal cells short. Capsule oval-oblong linally cylindric
wholly exserted; calyptra hairy. Tufts 1 c. m. or lower. —
Rocks and trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

126. Macromitrium Bridel. ^ ' '^ ' ^^

A. I i-'aves closely imbricate when dry. Calyptra with long
hairs. — - ■.

l.M.Snllivantii ( . Mueller. — »M. Dregei» SuUiv. icon. m.

Leaves broadly ovate lanceolate broadly acuminate subacute
carinal scarcely rcflexed, slightly papillose, entire, patent-erect
when li ist; cells round-oval; costa not percurrent. Perichetial
leaves lo i^er and narrower. Capsule oblong-cylindric, contracted
at mouth, plicate at it and below v/hen dry; exostome wanting
or imperfect; endostomial tube very low; lid rostrate-subulate;
pedicel somewhat long; calyptra covering capsule. Branches
reddish brown not crowded. Monoecious. — On pine trees r.

Amer. »IJ. S.»: Sulliv. ... ■, ■-'-- ;■■

2.M.Fitzg:eral(li Lesquereux et James.

» Differs from the last in its dark brown color; branches
vellowish; capsule larger, distinctly ribbed; lid shorter, conic
and blunt; pedicel shorter; leaves longer; male flowers not
found. — On trees r. Amer. U. S. »: Lesq. et Jam.

21

I 1

■h

314 —

B. Leaves crisped when dry. Calyptra slightly hairy. *;?- 1
3.M.rhal)docarpum Mitten.

•Leaves linear-lanceolate acute or subobtuse and snbapiculate,
carinate, not recurved, crenulate, papillose above, spreading-open
and slightly flexuous when moist; upper cells round, bngal
oblong; costa yellowish percurrent. Perichetial leaves narrower,
more acute. Capsule oval gradually narrowed to pedicel and
to mouth, distinctly plicate; peristome simple: teeth short pale
fragile; lid subulate; calyptra covering capsule. Branches not
crowded. — Amer. U. S., Florida*: Lesq. et Jam.

;^ ! .--... 127. Schlotheimia BrideL ,u w . ( ,1
l.S.mucronifolia Hooker et Greville. — Macromitrium H. G.;
Schlotheimia Kindb.

Leaves sublinear or oblong-lingulate, obtuse often eubtruncate,
carinate, sometimes recurved, broadly limbate at one side below,
entire indistinctly papillose not rugose, patent and faintly cur-
ved when moist, slightly crisped when dry; cells very small
round-oval, lower marginal narrowly linear; costa dark brown,
depressed on npper side, very p'-ominent at back, excurrent to
a thick deflexed point. Perichetial leaves similar. Capsule
suboblong, contracted at mouth, not sulcate; teeth wanting; lid
rostrate; pedicel not long; calyptra glabrous or slightly rough
above, laciniate, covering half capsule. Branches red-brown
densely crowded. Monoecious. — Trunks of palms r. Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, herb. SuUivant, com.
C. Mueller.)
2.S.Sullivantii C. Mueller; SuUiv. icon. muse. .^tii:

Differs from the last: Leaves often rugose, neither recurved
nor limbate; basal cells rhomboidal; costa short-excurrent or
(in perichetial leaves) subpercurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric;
teeth deflexed when dry; segments ciliiform; calyptra lobulate,
rough above, covering whole capsule. — Trees r. Amer. U. S.:
com. Macoun and r'ardot. (^ ,•!!>,,! <«

128. Zygodon Hooker et Taylor.

I. Eu-Zygodon. Leaves green papillose carinate not recurved;
cell-walls thickened. Perichetial leaves not sheathing. Dioecious.

II. Oymnocephaliis. Leaves nearly plane or somewhat con-
cave, bluish when moistened; cells smooth with thin hyaline
walls. Monoecious.

III. Amphidium. I-eaves green papillose carinate often recur-
ved at one side; cell-walls not thickened. Perichetial leaves
sheathing. Capsule piriform, long-necked; peristome none. vt

m

— 315 -

^l\

A. Leaves sublinear apiculate us. not falcate; cells not opake.
Tufts small low.

a. Costa of leaves not excurrent. Capsule suboval.
l.Z.Tiridissimiis Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Zygodon R. Brown.

Leaves gen. complicate above, r. dentate near apex, patent
or curved when moist, green when dry. Capsule with short
neck; teeth none. Often with propagula. — Trees. Eur. not
r. France: Le Jolis. Amer. r. Can. Vane, isl: Maooun; Drum-
mond 27.
•Z.mpestris Lindb. <m*-ff' »*?^!;<t! ^f^iiio t,iwi hfuv« .. -■» <. -

Leaves narrower with longer pellucid termin'al cell (point),
often falcate, us. brown when dry. — Rocks somewhat r. Eur.
Sweden I

2.Z.COnoideil8 Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Zygodon Hooker et
Taylor; Z. Brebissoni Br. eur.

Leaves entire not complicate above, suberect when moist;
cells larger than in the last. Capsule with longer and narro-
wer neck; peristome double. — Trees r. Eur. Engl.: Holt.
France: Brebisson; Le Jolis; Camus. Amer. »U. S.»: Cardot.

b. Leaves with excurrent costa. Capsule round-oval; teeth
none. ^ii-joojiK ;.«i!--*
S.Z.Stirtoni Schimper; Braithwaite.

Leaves entire gen. not complicat3 above, suberect when moist.
Often with propagula. — Rocks and stonewalls r. Eur. Engl.:
Holt. Sweden: Berggren.

B» Leaves ovate-lanceolate dentate above, falcate when moist;
upper cells small opake; costa not excurrent. Tufts large;
stem long.
4.Z.gracilis Wilson; Braithwaite. ' " ■.., .i.. l

Leaves broadly long-acuminate. Capsule cylindric with short
neck; peristome double. Tufts dark green. Habit of Barbula
reflexa. — Calcareous rocks r. Eur, Engl.: Rogers; Holt. ■
d.Z.SuIliyantii C. Mueller; SuUivant ic. m.

Leaves subulate-acuminate. Capsules unknown. Tufts brown-
yellow. — Rocks r Amer. »U. S.»: SuUivant.

n. Gymnocephalus Schwsegrichen. <■

6.Z.Forsteri Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Zygodon Wilson.

Leaves flaccid entire sublingulate acute or short-acuminate;
upper cells roundish, the hyaline basal rectangular; costa us.
subpercurrent. Capsule piriform or oblong-cylindric with
long neck; peristome double. Tufts small. — On bark of

m.

m '■■

II

— 316 —

Gncpin, com.

ii '.

■ ' h'

trees (Fagus) r. J5JMr. Italy: Levier. Prance:

Husnot. : • : i _ .. ;; ,.. , J: .

* Z.Sendtneri Juratzka. ' " -^ r

Leaves somewhat narrower; costa gen. excurrent. — On bark
of Ostrya r. Eur. »lBtria»: Sendtner. '8;''i<l if.ilini'^^iihliiv Xl
jfcr III. Amphidiura Limpricht (Amphoridium Schimp.; nl
»(<•<!. Lesq. et Jam.)

A. Leaves subulate-acuminate very long, often red-brown.
Dioecious.

a. Capsule exserted; lid rostrate. Perichetial leaves with
not excurrent costa. Other leaves recurved below at one side,
entire or in upper part faintly sinuolate. Stem gen. high.
T.Z.Mougeotii Bryol. eur.

Leaves tiexuous not distinctly crisped; the perichetial not
much broader, short-sheathing gradually long-subulate. — Rocka.
Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl., Spain! Amer. Can.:
Waghorne. ,,, .,.«^.r . - ,

8.Z.crispatU8 Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves crisped entire with longer acicular point than in the
last; the perichetial broader, long-sheathing, abruptly narrowed
to the subulate shorter point. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can.: Macoun.

b. Capsule not exserted; lid obtuse or apiculate. Periche-
tial leaves with long-excurrent costa. Other leaves gen. distantly
serrulate above. Stem low when fruiting, often high when
sterile. .(im?ri *h :a'j's}/.*~t ..i)i'>»i
9.Z.califoriiicus Hampe.

Leaves crisped more or less reflexed below at one side, with
long acicular point, us. red-brown; the perichetial not broader,
short- sheathine; gradually long-subulate. — Rocks r. — Amer.
Pacif. distr.: Macoun. unitfrf^ri^T^ro.- i\>,yr ,v.\ -jv

* Z.caBspitoSllS Mitten. — Didymodon Mitt.; Zygodon Kindb.

Leaves not reflexed less acicular. Capsules unknown. —
Amer. r. Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun.

B. Leaves acute fuscescent not long. Monoecious, 'vn ».]
lO.Z.lapponicus Hedwig. — Gymnostomum H.; Zygodon
Br. eur.

Leaves crisped entire not or slightly reflexed, sublinear or
nearly gradually attenuate; the perichetial very much broader,
long-sheathing, abruptly narrowed to a short point; costa faint
abbreviate. Capsule scarcely exserted; lid rostellate. Tufts
dense gen. low. — Rocks princ. in alps. Eur. not uncommon.

! f '

i U

— 317 —

Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can.,*

• * i *1.r\ J> *

i I ft U>

Sweden, Norwny, 8witzerl.
Macoun; Moser.

* Z.decipiens Kindb. n. subsp.

Perichetial leaves longer acuminate; costa loi ^-excurrent. —
Amer. r. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.

129. Anoectangium Schweegrichen. n^ivuu. i.mi

I. Plenrozygodon. Leaves small entire obtusate or short-
acuminate.

II. Molendoa. Leaves large from short crenulate base tape-
ring to a long subulate channelled acumen.

I. Pleurozygodon Lindberg. ''oi' ^jViiii. »
1 . A.COmpactnm Schweegriohen.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate acute or apiculate, us. spirally
twisted about stem when dry; costa yellow subpercurrent. Cap-
sule obovate or oval-oblong; pedicel yellow. Tufts us. brownish
with green tops, sometimes bright green. Stem often abruptly
foliate. Habit of Zygodon lapponicus and Grimmia (Strepto-
phyllum). — Rocks princ. in alps. Eur. less r. Norway, Switzerl.l
Sweden: P. Olsson. Amer, r. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.:
Eberlin, com. Roell. vIVr^M')-)-) .,1 Jr^riif. !■ a-ijtu; MJiii-;!

* A.breTifoliuill (.Juratzka as var.) Kindb. n. subsp. — Molendoa
tenuinervis Limpricht ?

Stem not abruptly foliate. Leaves crowded much smaller,
half as long and broad, ovate-oblong subobtuse nearly all brown,
faintly twisted; cells less dusky; costa brown. Tufts more com-
pact, ferruginous when dry. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway in
Dovrefjeldl

2.A.Peckii Sullivant ic. m. — »A. pellucidum Wilson*: Braith-
waite.

in Differs from A. compactum: Leaves sublinear longer and nar-
rower, longer subulate at apex. Plants larger. Capsules un-
known. — Hocks r. Eur. »Scotl.: Wilson*: Braithwaite. Amer.
»U. S.»: Sullivant.

3.A.Schliephackei Limpricht. — Pleuroweisia Limpr. •' '•' ^
Loaves linear obtuse crowded erect when dry; costa yellow
not percurrent. Capsule oval. Tufts green above, 1 — 2 c. m.
high. — Calcareous rocks in alp. region r. Eur. »Switzerl.:
Grffif*: Limpricht.

11. Molendoa Lindberg. i^r <t5«T» -^iMn'i in!
4 A.Hornschiichii Funck. tv-'A .hnti in -.uixi H*i'>tvi vtn
Ji Upper leaves green; basal cells narrow; costa sometimes ex-
current. Capsule obovate with somewhat long neck; pedicel

I

* ■

m

rr^m

— 318 —

long (as in other Bpecies), often emergient above tufte. Stem
often high. — Wet calcareous alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria:
ijrciciier. .t.i'"-iw" .'■ .Mi'iiin •i>.ii

* A.Sendtneri Bryol. eur.

Leaves brown more crisped; oosta not excurrent. Pedicel
not emergent above tufts. — Eur. r. Switzerl.: Schimper.

-'■' "'^ ^" --' Fam.28. flt66SMiCm.''' '-'■'"::;Z.,:-

130. Paludella Ehrhart. hir.h,K M

l.P.sqnarrosa L. — Bryum L.; Paludella Bridel. '

Leaves decurrent crowded; lamina serrulate ovate acute or
short- acuminate; costa subpercurrent. Perichetial leaves long-
acuminate. Capsule suboblong; lid mamillate; pedicel red very
long. Male flowers discoid. Dioecious. Tufts high tomentose.
— Very wet svjramps. Eur. Sweden and Norway common!
Spetsbergen: Malmgren. Austria: Venturi. Amer. r. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun. .'>,',\>x in r^uitl . >jh',i.v

131. Meesea Hedwig.

A. Leaver from dilated base tapering to a gradually atte-
nuate acumen, decurrent, not reflexed; basal cells larger than
the upper. Pedicel very long.

l.M.triquetra L. — Bryum L.; Meesea Aongstroem; M. tristicha
Br. eur.

Leaves tristichous denticulate nearly around or entire, sprea*
ding from nearly appressed base. Dioecious. Male flowers
subdiscoid. — Deep swamps. Eur. Norwayl Sweden: K. F.
Dusen. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Dearness. o'i
2.M.longi8eta Hedwig. .-f< ,.'\r-. ,;. .-i! jm; -vmht. mn^- j.P.^

Leaves plurifarious less spreading, entire or near apex spa-
ringly dentate. Synoecious. — Swamps gen. r. Eur. Sweden:
Lindberg; R. Hartman; M. Hues. Norway: M, N. Blytt. Amer,
Can.: Macoun. "t^ tsn-^i'ir/r :.fi ■■:-, -v/A .t i! . •}; •:7f;.;si

B. Leaves sublinear more or less reflexed; nearly all cells
equal in size. Pedicel often shortish.

S.M.trichodes L. — Bryum L.; Meesea Spruce; M. uliginosa
Hedwig.

Leaves plurifarious entire not or scarcely decurrent, us. obtuse,
suberect or open-erect when moist. Capsule shorter than in
the last; teeth yellow. Inflorescence variable. — Swamps and
wet rocks princ. in alps. Eur. common in alps. Norway,
Switzerl.l Amer. Greenl.: Berggren; VanhoefEen. Can.; Ma-
coun; Waghorne. :i'ri;i«M

;l

— 31?^ —

4.M.A1bertinii Bruch et Schimper. >»* n.H

Differs from the last: Leaves more distinctly decurrent us.
acute. Peristomial teeth pale very short often confluent. Mon-
oecious. — Swamps r. Eur. Sendtner, com. Le Jolis. Amer.
Can.: Waghorne.

Jv M< 132. Amblyodon Palisot de Beauvois. * f
l.A.dealbatus Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Amblyodon Beauv.

Leaves narrowly oblong acuminate acute not reflexed; the
uppermost serrate at the not long acumen, finally pale green
or whitish; the lower finally reddish; costa not percurrent.
Capsule thick suboval. Stem about 1 c. m. high. Male flo-
wers discoid. Monoecious or polygamous. Resembling Meesea
trichodes in capsule. — Wet and turfy soil princ. in alps.
Eur. Sweden, Norway not r.! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

' ; M 133. Plagiobryum Lindberg. j' ' '. -
l.P.ZIerii Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Plagiobryum Lindb.;
Zieria julaoea Schimper.

Leaves broad-ovate short-acuminate not reflexed; costa not
excurrent. Capsule shorter than neck; teeth not much lower
than endostome. Tufts silverglossy finally reddish. Dioecious.
— Alp. rocks. Eur. not r. Norway! Sweden: R. Hartman.
Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts 2250 metr. a. sea: Macoun.
2.P.deilli8SUm Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Meesea Hop. et Hsch.;
Plagiobryum Lindb.; Zieria Schimper.

Leaves subovate somewhat long-acuminate reflexed; costa ex-
current. Capsule longer than neck, deflexed to the ground
when unripe; teeth very much lower than endostome. Tufts
less glossy. Dioecious. — Earth on rocks in higher alp. region
r. Eur. Norwayl Switzerl.: Schimper* Austria: Breidler. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Drummond 250. '. ' ■". '

« • I 184. Mielichhoferia Hornschuch. ,

A. Leaves small ovate-lanceolate, lesB strongly appressed;
upper cells narrow. Peristomial (exostomial) teeth wanting-
l.M.nitida Hornschuch. *

Leaves gradually acuminate acute, serrulate above often to
middle. Perichetial leaves costate larger. Capsule us. suberect
when dry; segments not split; pedicel reddish more or less
flexuous; spores about 0,02 m. m. Tufts about 1 c. m. high.
Habit of Bryum (Webera) but with smaller leaves. — Schistose
princ. metalliferous (esp. copper) rocks in alps, r. Eur. Norwayl
France: Husnot. ' '^ "»^ . ,h" - > i ;- -^ <

•?

1

h

■1

— 320 ~

^

!».,

),;

f! !

2.M.macrocarpa Hooker. — Weinia Hook.; Miolichhoferia
Scliimp.

Leaves entire fshort-acuminate acute or sometimes siibobtuse;
the periclietial smaller, tlie inner indistinctly costato. Capsule
as in the last. Branches clavate. Tufts iibout 1 c. m. hif;h.
— Rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Drummoncl 74, com. Ma-
coun.

li. Leaves short very small strongly imbricate; upper cells
dilated. Peristome sometimes double. •■ '"

il. Uppermost leaves obtusate, acute or obtuse; costa us.
not percurrent.

B.Mcoinpactn Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Weisia Hop. et Hsch.;
Mielichhoferia Kindl).; M. elongata Hornsch.; Limpr.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong, faintly serrulate near apex. Capsule
us. deflexed when dry; teeth rudimentary r. present; segments
distantly trabeculate, sometimes split in middle; pedicel yellow
ju-cuati: at least when youii^.'; ' res somewhat larger than in
M. niiida. Tufts us. low when fruiting, sometimes to 8 — 10
c. m. high. — Growing as M. nitida but more often on wet
rocks, r. Eur. Norway! Austria: Schimper. France: Husnot. ' >
4.M.erect». Lindberg. — Pohlia (Cacodon) Ijindb. revue bryol.
1883; Mlelichhoferia Kindb.; Oreas Kindb. Laubm. Schwed.
u. Norw.; Mielichhoferia defecta Sanio.

Leaves as in the last. Capsule erect when dry; teeth densely
trabeculate; segments rudimentary or wanting; pedicel reddish
sometimes arcuate when moistened. Tufts very low. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. Norway Wangsfjeld in Opdal: Kaurin.

b. Leaves suddenly cuspidate; costa often percurrent. ,i !v
5.M.cu$pidifera Kindb. cat. Canad. m. • '

Leaves from broad-ovate base cuspidate, entire or near apex
slightly crenulate. Capsules unknown. Tufts about 2 c. m.
high. — Damp alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts 1500 metr.
a. sea: Macoun.

185. Orthodoutium Hchwaegrichen. ' ■ • • •
l.O.gracile Wilson. — Bryum Wils.; Orthodontium Schw.;
Stableria Lindb. -!i'>- ,•,, i '•iLfiituuin v! i.ncf:-^^ itvn) ?

Leaves long very narrow sublinear or gradually subulate,
flexuous nearly entire not reflexed; lower cells wider than the
upper; costa not excurrent. Capsule greenish narrow suboblong
cernuous when dry; neck not much narrower or shorter; pedi-
cel pale sometimes longer than stem; teeth pale; lid rostellate.
Tufts greenish about 1 c. m. or lower. Monoecious or paroe-

— 321 —

cions. Habil of Bryum (Leptobryuin). — On BoiidHtone rockn
or on old trees r. Eur. Enp;!,: Hunt, Fmnce: Camus. Am9r
»Calif.»: Howe. ■; , , «

Fnni. 29. CinClldiaCeae Kindl). new faui. ■uu/
130, Cinclldium Swartz. n 4ti»t!inif.f> *

A. Leaves palelimbnte not recurved. OapsuleB unknown.
1 .C.Hymenophyllum Hr. eur. — Mnium Br. eur.; Cinclidium
Lindb.

Leaves spathulate-lingulate narrowly limbate long-decurrent
bright green; upper cells round-bexagonal or round-oval, the
basal rectangular; costa abbreviate. Tufts high very dense
tomentose to shoots. — Alp. rocks in r orthern districts, (» also
in Switzerl.»: Pfef!er) r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: E. Nyman.
Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. iH-unHs-,'/

B. Leaves reddish or finally blackish limbate, more or less
recurved when dry.

a. Leaves concave not decurrent; costa not excurrent. Synoe-
cious.

2.C.8tygiuin Swartz. ••-- ; \ ■ ;; , ; \ ~. ''';'"":^'[{*^

Leaves broadly spathulate us. with nhort acute point, gen.

all red; those of stem r. blackish; shoots r. green; costa gen.

percurrent. Capsule suboval. — Swamps princ. in northern

alps. Eur. Sweden, Norway not r.I Finl.: Brotherus. Amer.

Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. ", J 7- - /'

, C. latifolium Lindb., hitherto not found in our district, differs

in convex shoot-leaves and dioecious inflorescence.

B.C.Subrotundum Lindberg.

Leaves round-spathulatc obtuse or with very short obtuse

point; those of stem green finally blackish; shoots green; costa

not percurrent. Capsule subglobose. — Swamps in northern

alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer. Greenl.: Bcrggren. Can. Labrador:

Macoun.

b. Shoot-leaves convex somewhat long-decurrentj costa ex-
current. Synoecious. ,< " v
4.C.MaC0Hnii Kindb. revue bryol. 1.896.

Stem-loaves round-spathulate finally blackish; shoot-leaves
pale red or greenish Ungulate gen. obtuse. Capsule suboval.
— Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts: J. Macoun 1885.

C. Dioecious. Male flowers discoid. Leaves concave.
5.C.arcticuin Br. eur. — Mnium Br. eur.; Cinclidium C. M.

Stem-leaves red broadly spathulate often with short- acute

\i ?

^i^i\il\Yt^<l\l

*; lo ft.

t

— 322 --

point, ehoot-leaveB Bublingulate gen. obtuse with more or less
distinct point, us. pale red, Bometimes decurrent; costa gen.
percurrent, not excurrent. Capsule Buboval; pedicel us. shorter
than in other specieB. — Swamps in northern alps r. Eur.
Norway in Dovrefjeld!
*C.vlrescen8 Kindb. n. Bubsp.

Leaves larger, only those of stem red. Shoots green very
long; their leaves gen. not decurrent. Pedicel us. as long as
in C. stygium. — Swamps in northern alps r. Eur. Norway in

Dovrefjeldl . ,, ,

*C.poiare Kindb. n. subsp. " .. -

Leaves much smaller, all deep-red; uppermost shoot-leaves
acute sometimes short-acuminate. Capsules not seen. — Swnnips
in arctic district r. Eur. Spetsbergen: Berggren, com. A. G.
Nathorst.

Fam. 30. BartramiacosB. i i r «rnn

'--""'■ ^f- --'-^^ 137. Brentelia Sohimper. '*''^''' -^^-'^^^-i »«
l.B.arcuata Dickson. — Mnium Dicks.; Breutelia Sch. ''•'*'^-
Leaves from short base abruptly tapering to a long gradually
attenuate striate (princ. when dry) serrate-denticulate acumen,
papillose at back, spreading also when dry; costa sometimes
excurrent. Capsule Bubglobose; pedicel us. arcuate, not much
longer; segments long. Stem branching erect or decumbent,
8 — 15 c. rri. long with rusty red rhizoids. R. fruiting. — Wet
rocks princ. near sea and larger lakes, r. Eur. Norway: R,
Hartman; E. Nyman. P'rance: Renauld. Engl.: Manchester
Cryptog. Society.

138. Bartramia Hedwig.
L Eu-Bartramia. Leaves niamillose, not or only in lower
half recurved. ... ..,.....? . ...^..,-v ,.....s, .1'...^,..,..;/* ....-xt ; ..m.

1. IthyphyllaB. Leaves channelled not crisped, not or near
base (slightly) retlexed; cells linear.

2. Crispae. Leaves carinate curling or crisped, recurved in
lower half; upper cells eubquadrate or sho'u-rectangular.

H. Flagiopus. Leaves smooth, recurved all around, carinate;
upper cells subquadrate. H^trnM ^twrrt^vj^^ .1,. b^w if',,}

,.v^i i. Eu-Bartramia. 4? .*iiiy .; a%wK -
1. Ithyphyllte.

A. Leaves gradually narrowed, reflexed near base and not
distinotly sheathing; costa excurrent outside the subula.

'Vi7,i*A «

— 823

l.B.stricta Bidel.

- Capsule gen. erect; periHtome eiinple: pedicel exHerted. Tufts
glnucouB green above. SynoeciouH. — Siliceous ground r. Eur.
princ. in Mediterr. distr. France: Schimper. Italy: Bottini.
Amer. »U. S.»; Lchq. et Jam.

B. Leaves abruptly narrowed from the not reflexed us.
hyaline sheath; costa more or less filling subula.
2.B.ithypliylla Bridel. » }| ?■

Capsule inclined; peristome us. double. Costa of leaves not
well-defined above but us. not wholly filling subula. Tufts us.
glaucous green. Synoecious. — On stone. Eur. common. Swe-
den, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. Greenl: Vanhoeffen. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. .. ■'■-, >;f't>\-\

* B.brevlseta Lindberg. ,.^1.1*

Capsule deflexed when young, suberect when old; peristome
simple rudimentary or wanting; pedicel scarcely exserted. (Jostn
filling subula of leaf. — Northern princ. arctic district r. Eur,
•Norway: Th. Fries*: Lindberg. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can.: Waghorne.

Jli.-i T> 'I

* B rigidiila (Schimper as var.) Kindb. n. subsp.

Capsule smaller; pedicel exserted. Leaves rigid brittle ap-
pressed when dry. — Alp. and arctic distr. r. Eur. Norway!
Amer. »Greenl.»: Lange. c>rt»M' vh>,'«tM'i^ i/'U', tv^jul l-iJIi'I'
3.B.Tiridissima Bridel. — »Wei8ia Brid. 1826 »: Limpr. —
B. subulata Br. eur. 1846.

Differs from B. ithyphylla: Capsule smaller, erect when moist;
peristome simple rudimentary us. wanting. Leaves smaller;
costa often not defined in subula. Paroecious. — Rocks in
higher alp. and arctic distr. r. Eur. Switzerl.I Austria: Breidler.
Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen. »Ala8ka and U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

2. CrispcB.

A. Upper leaf-cells short-rectangular. Leaves crowded very
distinctly sheathing, more or less flexuous but not crisped.
4.B.norvegica Gunner. — Bryum Gunn. 1772; Bartramia Lindb.;
Webera Halleri Hedwig 1782; Bartramia Hedw. 1789.

Leaves not decurrent, abruptly tapering and long-subulate;
costa long-excurrent. Pedicel not much longer than capsule.
Monoecious or subparoecious. — Rocks often near cascades.
Eur. not r., nearly common in alps. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I
Amer. r. »Can. Rocky mts: Drummond»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Upper leaf-cells subquadrate. Leaves crisped or circinnate.
a* Leaves crowded, not distinctly sheathing.

^

if If '

.£

— 324 —

5.B.poilliforilli8 L. — Biyum L.; Bartramia Hedwig. " ' '^ '

Leaves nearly graHnally tapering and long-subulate, not de-
current, crisped; costa not long-excurrent. Pedicel exserted
above shoots. Monoecious or subparoecious. — On earth princ.
on rocks. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Wa^'horne. U. S.: SuUivant, com. C. M.

b. Leaves sheathing, more or less distant. - i

B.B.crispa Swartz. i »iU' /slit/iJit H ■

TiCaves nearly gradualUy tapering to a not long subula, not
decurrent, circinnate; costa not long-excurrent. Perichetial leaves
with very long-excurrent costa. Pedicel us. not exserted above
shoots. Tufts sparingly radiculose, green or dark green. Paroe-
cious or synoecious. — Rocks not r. Eur. Sweden! Amer. Can.:
Macoun. i •. Jii,-,.! aiu-if-iu^ H

T.B.glancoTiridis C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves sublinear abruptly short-subulate subcircinnate not
decurrent; costa subpercurrent or short-excurrent. Pedicel not
long. Tufts glaucous green very radiculose. Subparoecious. —
Wet rocks in alps r. Amer. Can. ri. C, near Revelstoke: Macoun.
S.B.cIrcinnulata C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves abruptly tapering and long-subulate circinnate decur-
rent; costa very long-excurrent. Capsule and flowers unknown.
Tufts bright green .•sparingly radiculose. — Amer. r. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun. ■; I /' .1 hu.i-fihi-ut.n.^

IL Plagiopus Bridel. . .H

O.B.Oederi Gunner. — Bryum Gunn.; Bartramia Swartz.

Leaves gradually narrowed short-subulate not sheathing,
slightly curling; upper cells subquadrate; costa percurrent. Cap-
sule erect when moist, sometimes small. Tufts compact. Synoe-
cious. — Rocks princ. in alps. Eur. common in subalp. region.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. Can.: Macoun.

189. Philonotis Bridel.
L Eu-Fhilonotis. Male flowers disciform with more or less
patent leaves. Dioecious, wi'di: , ' ■ » ^ ;,' u. . > . ' ju 's •

1. Hoinomorphse. Leaves nearly uniform small narrow,
serrate (without double mamilkc at borders), not falcate, often
distant. Perigonial leaves acuminate acute. Stem often subcapillary.

2. DimorpbaB. Leaves gt-n. dimorphous and large, r. distant:
somt short subovate with us. not recurved borders, the others
gen. ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, often recurved at base and
sometimes falcate; borders serrate or furnished with double
maniillffi. Stem gen. long and tliick with long branches. .

;iuiJ

— 325 —

II. Fhilonotllhl. Malo ilowors gcinniiforni with erect leaves.
Monoecious or dioecious. Leaves small narrow, noarl}' erect
when moist, not reflexed, faintly mamillose without double
mamillffi, often nearly appressed when dry. Fruiting stem very
short. . . . < i .- , .f ■•■-..

'■=-•• . :• -V •• / r. Eu-Philonotis. > .■,•.'' <n:ij .ti

1. Homomorpha?. i!(Mi=.-'

A. Leaves not recurved at borders, ii^uil i^jv ms iitn*,il*I .'t
l.Phjtiarchica Wilklenow. — Leskia Willd.; Philonotis Brid.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute not sharply serrate, more or
less distant; shoot-leave^; -oniowhat shoiier; costa short-excarrent.
Perigonial leaves erect-patent ovate-lanceolate nearly subulate-
acuminate; costa distinct often excurrent. Inner perichetial
leaves short, not or scarcely reaching above vaginula. Stem
somewhat long. — Wet places in lower dii4rictH. Eur. not
common. Switzerl.I France: liusnot. (jiennany: Warnstorf. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
*Ph.laxa Linipricht. '' '" ' '>"* i >: ^ '

»Leave8 very distant; costa not excurrent. — Eur. r. Swit-
zerl. and Germany*: Linipricht. ....

'i.Ph.Muchlenbergii Bridel,

Differs from the last: Leaves smaller, more distant; costa
long-excurreni; stem thinner, subcapillary: capsule .-imaller. —
Springs in sandy rocks r. Amer. ('an.. U'lcoun. U. S.: Roell;
Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
3.Ph.Macounii Lesquereux et .James.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-subulate,
sharply serrate princ. above, crowded, smaller and shorter than
in Ph. marchica; costa long-excurrent. Perigonial leaves horizon-
tally spreading, ovate-hmceolate acute not subulate; costa not
well-defined, obsolete not excurrent. Inner perichetial leaves
leaching far above vaginula with long-excurreut co.sta. Stem
somewhat short. — Amer. r. Can. Pacif, distr.: J. Macoun. \

B. Leaves (at least some ones) recurved, ovate-lanceolate.
Capsules not seen. Stem us. Bubc^pillary.

a. Leaves nearly smooth and not sharply serrate; costa
short-excurrent.

4.Ph.Arneilil Husnot m. G. — »Ph. parvula Lindb.»: Philibert.
' Leaves distant long-subulate short-decurrent. Perigonial leaves
ovate- lanceolate subulate horizontally patent; costo excurrent.
— Wet rocks r. Eur. Sweden: Zctterstedt. Ah.cr. Greenl.:
Wenck, com. Roell.

^qqpQpr^iwiiiii, miif m 1 1 iiMi ijn

326

3 m A

V ss

.>ty

■

::■'(.;

PI

fA^^

i tu. ,

•9

ill 1

'Mit^'J,

iM'-ll

V.'^,--

'■;*

5.Ph.8iibeapil1ari8 Kindberg n. ep. — Ph. capillaris Lindb. ?

Leaves nearly crowded, shorter acuminate than in the last:
perigonial patent erect subovate short acuminate with not ex-
current costa, the inner sometimes obtuse. — Wet earth r.
Eur. Switzerl. near Lugano!

fo. Leaves very mamillose and sharply serrate; costa long-
excurrent.
e.Ph.vaiicoineriensis Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves long-subulate: perigonial patent-erect broadly ovate-
lanceolate acute nearl}' nerveless. — Amer. r Can. Vane, isl.:
J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

'^. Dimorphse.

A. Leaves smooth or only at borders furnished with few
double mamillee; cells ver}-^ pellucid somewhat large.
T.Ph.glabriuscula Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves not long gen. decurrent, nearly appressed when dry;
those of shoots spreading. Capsules and flowers unknown. —
Springs r. Amer. Ca.i.: Moser; Waghorr^. U. S: Roell.

B. Leaves very mamillose also at the inner cells. ■
a. Perigonial leaves acute distinctly costate.

S.Ph.calcarea Br. eur.

Leaves large gen. serrate without double mamillaj, us. long
crowded and falcate: perigonial us. horizontally spreading. Tufts
gen. very high. — Calcaiaous rocks and swamps. Eur. not r.
Swedenl Switzerl.!; Schimper. Greece: Heldreich. A'>ner. r.
»U. S.»; Lesq. et Jam. iv. ^ ■

*Ph.molIis Venturi.

Leaves of sterile stems very distant. Tufts low and loose.
— Eur. Austria: Venturi. Portugal: com, Venturi. Swedenl
* Ph.Ci©spitosa Wilson. ■

Leaves more dimorphous, often with some double mamilla;
at borders, gen. not crowded: perigonial patent-erect. — Swamps.
Eur. not common. Belgium: Gravet. Germany: Warnstorf. Amer.
>Greenl.!»: Lange. »U. S.»: Cardot.
9.Ph.alpicola Juratzka.

Differs from Ph. calcarea: Leaves shorter and broader, more
recurved and us. appressed with patent point, either serrate
or partly with double mamillce, r. falcate. Perigonial leaves
us. patent-erect. — In alps r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can.: Waghorne. (ireenl.: Vanhoeffen.
lO.Ph.acutiflora Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 67.

Leaves not serrate and not falcate, recui'ved to or above

. "tmmm

W\

few

— 327 -

middle, with double mamillfe, gen. appressed when dry, Rmaller
than in Ph. calcarea. Perigonial leaves horizontally spreading.
Tufts not high; fruiting stem very low. — Amer. r. Can.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Roell.

b. Perigonial leaves gen. all obtuse subovate, the inner not
distinctly costate. ,

ll.Ph.fontana L. — Mnium L.; Philonotis Bridel.

Leaves plicate below, us. with numerous uouble nianiillie,
mostly crowded: perigonial obtuse patent-erect. Tufts us. glau-
cous green. — Wet places common and very veriable. Eur.
Sweden, Norway, Swiizerl.! Greece: ileldreich. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.
*Ph.seriata Mitten. — Bartramia Mitt.; Philonotis Lindb.

Shoot-leaves gen. distant, spirally twisted when dry. — Ri-
vulets in alps not common. Eur. Norwayl France: Oasilien.
Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: .' M. Macoun.
* Fh.gracilescens Schimper. — Ph. fontana *angU8tifolia Kindb.
Laubm. Sch\\. u. Novw.

Leaves (nearly all) small and narrow, often not recurved,
those of shoots gen. dift.ftnt: perigonial subacute at least the
outer. Stem somewhat thin. Habit of Ph. tnarchica. — Wet
rocks princ. in alps. Eur. not common. Sweden, Norwayl
France: Husnot. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz.

C. Perigonial leaves not seen. Other leaves not plicate.
12.Ph.Mohrli C. M.; Bartramia C. M., Philonotis Lq. et Jam.

Leaves crowded, resembling those of Ph. fontana, but minutely
serrulate above, gen. with double mamillfe below, not distinctly
plicate, reflexed below, straight, open also when dry; costa
long-excurrent. Capsn.le faintly plicate when dry; lid umbonate.
Stem not high; pedicel as long. — Rotten logs r. Amer. U. S.:
Louisiana: Mohr, com. C. Mueller.
Id.Ph.adpressa Fergusson; Braithwaite.

Leaves with gen. double inamillce, broad-ovate uniform, distant
decurreut nearly appressed when dry; costa gen. not excurrent.
Tufts long loose nearly eradiculose. Capsules unknown. —
Wet places r. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite. Amer. Greenl: Van-
hoeffen.

IL Philonotula C. Mueller.

A. Leaves serrulate all around, narrowly ovate-lanceolate.

a. Leaves subulate at apex; costa excurrent. Monoecious.
14.Ph.rlglda Bridel.

Leaves faintly papillose or mamillose nearly crowded, ub.

i'

?ffl

i: 1)

^M

i : Vr

'f 4 , ■

!l r-iji

11 'i ' ■'

1 ^

^ w' ^'

fii :;<

^'Ibr

U 'i i

i

11 ii,'

III- If

J

I

H

1

I

i,.

iW'i

- 328 —

iipprepped when dry. Perichetial leaves long from broad base
abruptly subulate. Capsule Bomewhat large. Fruiting stem
very short with few^ stem-leaves and short verticillate branches.

— Wet rocks in warmer districts r. Eur. Switzerl.! France:
Philibert. Spain: Levier. Italy: Bottini. Engl.: Holt.

15.Ph.radicali8 Beauvols. — Bartramia Beauv.; Sulliv. icon,
muse; Philonotis Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves more gradually acuminate:
perichetial longer-subulate; costa short-excurrent; branch-leaves
often open-erect when dry. Capsule somewhat smuUer; pedicel
thinner. — Wet places r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. and Vane isl.:
Macoun. U. S.: Mohr, com. Macoun.

b. Leaves acute not subulate; costa percurrent. Dioecious.
16.Pli.tenella C. Mueller. ■ .V^ '• -/"^ ^ ....-.;.

Leaves crowded appressed when dry, smaller than in the
last: perichetial subulate not much broader; perigonial sublinear
long-subulate nearly nerveless. — Amer. r »U. S.»: C. M.
(Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant, com. C. 'i'/ t 'jr).

B. Leaves entire and nearly smooth in lower half, sublinear-
subulate. Capsules and flowers unknown.

n.Pli.piiinila Kindb. n. sp. ^„ .

Leaves erect, smaller and narrower than in Ph. rigida; costa
scarcely excurrent. Tufts about 1 c. m. high. — Amer. r. Can.
Ontario near Belleville: Macoun.

' 140. Anacolia Schimper. '

l.A.Menziesii Turner. — Bartramia Turn.; Sulliv. ic. m.; Ana-
colia Kindb. iSV ''15,; :. -f" .nii^Uiilh ,Vy.;;^.J l;./!?.-; , . . ui.f

Leaves smooth from subovate base nearly gradually subulate,
serrate to the plicate basal part, nearly ajipressed when dr}';
lower cells short-rectangular, u])per longer; costa short-excurrent
or percurrent. Capsule globose pale or reddish brown; teeth
short or none; pedicel us. longer than capsule to 1 c. m. Tufts
green soft and silky, tomentose. Dioecious. — Rocks r. Amer,
Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun. U. S.: E. Hall; Leiberg, com. Mrs
Britton.
2.A.Webbii Montague. — Glyi)hGcarpus Mont.; Anacolia Sch.

Dif?"ers from the last: Leaves mamillose brittle serrate in
uppei third; cells gon. qua{lrate: nnddle rectangiil ". r'-.psule
red-brown; pedicel shorter; teeth L.one. Tufts r!;.';l I bru^vn ^r^.c. i,

— Earth and rocks r. iJM;\ Mcditerr, distr. »Sp,ain a. ,?'. i-(U'r.ioa^:
Schimp (Canary islands: Huenot).

Ull

■A\H.

> ! I ' i I

-I

— B29 —

,1*;..^.., 141 Bartramidula Bi-uch et Sthiniper. -• -
l.B.Wil80ili Br. et Sch. — PhilonotiH Braithw.; Burtramia C. M.
Leaves from suboblong entire base tapering to tlie serrulate
acute acumen; upper cells longer-rectangular, the lower shorter;
costa not percurrent. Capsule small globose-piriform with short
neck; pedicel longer. Tufts scarcely 1 c m. high. — Rocks r.
Eur. Engl.: Rogers; George. Scotl.: Fergusson. .i - .f-sJ

.u, ; .■«»!:. .-;:5j;.h 142. CatoscopiF.!!! Bridel. -f*' a^^^^-

l.C.nigritum Hedwig. — Weisia H.; Catoscopium Brid.

Leaves small entire ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate
acuminate acute; costa percurrent. Capsule red-brown finally
blackish glossy, resembling a pinhead in size; pedicel red.
Spores about 0,04 m. m. Dioecious. — Swamps and turfy
soil in alps or as relics from glacial periode. Eur. common
in northern alps. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Engl.: Manchester Crypt, society. Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun.

:• s- <i«: -.;av ; 143, ConOStomuitl Swartz. " -.^i</a. i-

l.C.boreale Swartz.

Leaves gradually tapering to the subulate apex, faintly serrate
in upper part of acumen; costa not or slightly excurrent. Cap-
sule inclined; pedicel much longer. Tufts glaucous green. —
Rocks in or near alps. Eur. not r. in northern distr. Norway!
Sweden!; Wahlenberg. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. Greenl.: Van-
hoeffen.

Fam. 31. FunaHacesB.

144. Funaria Schreber.

I. Eu-Funaria. Peristome double. Capsule gen. oblique often
annulate.

1. Auuulatie. Capsule annulate us. rugose or furrowed
when dry; endostorae short. Leaves entire. Spores mostly
about 0,01 m. m.

2. ExannillataB. Capsule not annulate, slightly or not
rugose. Leaves us. serrate. Spores about 0,02 m. m.

II. Entosthodon. Peristome simple or none. Capsule not
rugose, us. symmetric; annulus none; pedicel short. Leaves
serrate, entire or indistinctly sinuolate.

I. Eu-Funaria.
1. Annulatffi.
l.F.hygronietrica L. — Mnium L.; Funaria Sibthorp.

Leaves us. ovate-oblong acute subconvoiute not distinctly

22

— 330 —

U '^vf \-y

acuminate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule oblique; teeth red with
prominent ribs also below; segments well-evolute; lid not um-
bonate; pedicel us. very long. Spores about 0,01 m. m. —
On bare earth common. Eur. Sweden etc.! Amer. Can.: J.
Macoun. irr-o'':'i;«-->-' ■:■' v :,'; ; f. > -i^,., / .rv r;.-:>r'v' j;,,:;

* F.calyescens Schwregrichen.

Leaves lanceolate short-acuminate not convolute, crisped.
Stem higher. — Eur. Switzerl.l Greece: Orphanides. Amer, Can.
Vane, isl.: Macoun.
*F.RaYenelii Austin. ;♦ ,, !..-. Li'i.h- — ;.-*

>- Comal leaves narrower, spreading; costa percurrent. — Amer.
U. S.»: Lq. et Jam. , .

2.F.COlivoluta Hampe.

Differs from F. hygrometrica: Capsule smaller, finally furrowed;
teeth yellowish^ eudostome often rudimentary; lid umbonate.
Leaves sornetimes short acuminate. — Amer. r. U. S. Pacif.
distr. near Washington: Roell.

S.F.arctica Kindb. n. sp. — F- hygrometrica var. arctica
Berggren.

Resembling a small state of F. hygrometrica with smaller
leaves and capsules. Differs from it: Spores twice as large,
about 0,02 m. m. Leaves ovate mostly obtuse. Peristomial
teeth with prominent ribs only near apex; pedicel short. —
Earth in arctic distr. r. Amer. Creenl.: JSerggren,
4. F. microstoma Brvol. eur. v .

Resembling F. hygrometrica. Differs from it: Capsule smaller,
less rugose often pale; pedicel short; endostome very short or
rudimentary; spores 0,02 m. m. Leaves smaller, more or i^ss
acuminate. — Wet sand or clay in alps r. ^ur. Swit?^erl.i
Austria: Breidler. France: Brebisson. Amer. »tJ. S,»: Lq. et Jam.
5.F.flavicailS Michaux; Lesquer, et Jam. _■.,

Leaves ovate-oblong or obovate, abruptly attenuate to a long
subulate or acicular point; costa sometimes excurrent. Capsule
not or slightly rugose when dry; teeth with prominent ribs
only at point; endostome rudimentary; lid umbonate; pedicel
not long. Spores about 0,02 m. iS. oi larger. — Amer. r.
U. S.; Vaeey, com. Macoun.

2. Exannulatse.

A, Capsule oblique; endostome nearly as high as teeth.
G.F.serrata Beauvois; irkilliv. icon, muscor.

Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, gen. short-acuminate,
serrate above; costa subpercurrent. Capsule slightly rugose when

.. Ji it6x^..^liU&eitLxlii

miii-iiViSi fii^kisirnnnm -

— 831 —

dry; teeth without prominent ribs; lid unihonate; pedicel some-
what long. — Moist clay and sand r. Amer. U. S.: Langlois,
com. Cardot.
T.F.americana Lindberg; Sulliv. 1. c.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtusate or tapering to a long
acicular point, entire or faintly serrate; costa sometimes not
percurrent. Capsule not rugose; teeth sometimes with promi-
nent ribs in lower part; lid obtusely apiculate; pedicel short.
— Amer. r. U. S. Montana: Williams, herb. Demetrio, com.
Roell. ,.:■; , : ^ ^ - . \,"i .-;- •- . . . D'.M,--'"' ' ■'

B. Capsule not rugose, r. straight; endostome short. K
S.F.calcarea Wahlenberg.

Leaves oval-oblong or subobovate tapering to a gen. long
subacicular point: upper us. serrate; costa us. not percurrent.
Capsule oblique; pedicel short. — Calcareous soil in warmer
districts. Eur. not r. Sweden! Austria: Breidler. France: Husnot.
Amer. r. »Can. and U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* »r.Muehlenbergii Schwcegrichen*: C. M.

Leaves us. gradiuilly narrowed with subpercurrent or excur-
rent costa. — Eur. Switzerl.l France; Husnot. Germany: W.
Baur, com. C. Mueller. ;

* F.mediterranea lindberg.

Leaves us. entire and abruptly narrowed
costa. — Eur. Italy: E. Adlerz. Amer. »U. S.>:
"' F.coiivexa Spruce.

Leaves larger and faintly Huiiate. \M of c«i)i||Lile not um-
bonate. — Eur. southern distr, r. Italy: Boitini. France: Pliili-
bert. Gree(!e; IhiUHHkuoobt; Heldreich.
*F.pulchel!a IMiiiibert.

Leaves smaller; costa short. — Eur. v. France: Philibert.
Q.F.californica SuUivant et Lesquereux; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves oval-oblong or subobovate subobtusate or very shortly
acuminate without acicular point, entire or serrate; costa not
percurrent. Capsule oblique (or erect symmetric) long-necked;
teeth with slightly or not prominent ribs; lid umbonate; pedi-
qbl short. — Clay soil r. Amer. U. S. Cahf.: Bolffinder, com.
Renauld. — In SuUiv. icon, muscor. capsule is straight, leaves
are entire.

* F.pallescens Juratzka. — Entosthodon Jur.; Funaria Kindb.

Capsule always straight symmetric; endostome very short;
spores a little larger; lid not seen. Leaves entire. — Eur. v.
Greece: Haussknecht.

with abbreviate
: Lescj. et Jam.

'M

im

If *-.

.<?'^

/

332

TI. Entosthodon Sclnvfogrichen.

A. LeaveH gen. serrate acute or short-acumiiuite. Peristome
rudimentary or wanting.

a. Capsule subglobose short-necked; pedicel straight longer.
lO.F.obtusa Dickson. — Br^nim Dicks.; Funaria Lindb.; En-
tosthodon ericetorum Balsamo et Notaris.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate, broadly lira-
bate by narrow cells, sometimes nearly entire. Peristoire none.
Spores smooth. — Clay and sand. Eur. not common. Norway:
R. Hartman. Sweden: J. Persson. Germany: Herpell. .ii-'-y^i
ll.F.fascicularis Dickson, — Bryum Dicks.; Funaria Schimp.

Leaves subobovate strongly serrate not limbnte. Peristome
rudimentary. Spores very rough. — Open fields princ. in war-
mer districts. Eur. not r. Sweden: S. A. Tuliberg. France;
Husnot. Germany: Warnstorf. i :' .. '

b. Capsule piriform long-necked; pedicel inclined scarcely
longer.

12.r.clirviN0ta Schwaegrichen. — Gymnostomum Schw.; Funaria
Milde; Entosthodon Schimper,

Leaves as in the last. Peristome none. Spores verrucose. —
Hocks and walls r Eur. France: Husnot. Italy: Giordano; Arcangeli,

B. Leaves entire or indistinctly sinuolate. Peristome simple
well-evolute. Pedicel straight somewhat long.
IB.F.attenuata Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Funaria Lindb.; F.
Templetoni Sn;ith; Entosthodon Schwiegrichen. ' ■■ ' '!«•«.?

Leaves subobovate abruptly short-acuminate limbate by one
yellow cell- row. Capsule suboval shorter than neik; teeth arti-
culate; spores smooth. — Humid earth r. Eur, princ. near
Atlantic and Mediterr. seas. France: r^e Jolis; Husnot. Italy:
Venturi. Portugal: Levier. Engl.: Percival. Amer. »U. S. Calif. »:
Tiesq. et Jam. ' ) j/ .' ; . -

14.F.DriiinmOii(lii Sullivant. — Entosthodon Sull. icon, muec;
Funaria Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves gen. not acuminate. Capsule
short piriform longer than neck; teeth indistinctly articulate;
spores slightly rough. — ftfojst clay soil r. Amer. V. S.r Lang-
hAu, com. CJnrdot.

145. IMiyHComitriiim Bridel.
I. Fill Pli^'^''<Mllii|jU|||f fij^ppule short-necked; peristome none.

J.

I;i|.;

Lea

1. Vll'iihrmmim. Cajisule (as pedicel) red, very dilated
•t mouth.

-— 333

2. Xanthocarpa. Capsulb (as pedicel) yellowish, not or
very r. dilated at mouth.

II. Pseildo-Funaria. Capsule long-necked; teeth pale indi-
stinctly articulate. Leaves nerveless or short-costate. (Calyptra
41obed as in other species.) .. ;i» .: ..,; ^ --- .')jiii»i:.

I. Eu-Physcomitrium. ' :;/i ,^5

!<;.

1. Ei'ythrocarpa.

A. Capsule somewhat large; lid flat. -■

1 .Ph.acuniinatnin Schleicher. — Gymnostomum Schl.; Physco-
mitrium Bruch et Sch.

Upper leaves long-lanceolate sharply acuminate, entire at least
above, yellow-margined below; costa percurrert or short-excur-
rent. Lid of capsule mamillate. — Earth }irinc. on walls r.
Eur. Switzerl.! Austria: Gander. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
2.Ph.Hookeri Hampe. — Ph. hians Lindb.; SuUiv. ic. m.

liCaves suboblong acuminiito entire or serrate; costa not per-
current. Lid of capsule apiculate. — Wet meadows r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Dearness. U. S,: Henderson, com. Cardot.

B. Capsule small. Leaves suboblong, ,;
3.Ph.sphaDricilin Ludwig. — Gymnostomuni Ludw.; Physco-
mitrium Bridel.

Leaves obtuse or obtusate gen. entire; oosta not percurrent.
Lid of capsule flat ai)iculate. — Earth near water in lower distr. r.
Eur. Engl.: Rogers. Finl.: Brotherus. ' '''

4.Pli.eurystoinuiii Esenbeck. — Gymnostomum Es.; Physco-
mitrium Sendtner.

Leaves short-acuminate serrate abov ; costa percurrent or ex-
eiirrent. Lid of capHulo convex mamillate. — Earth r. Ewr. Italy:
Vonturi. (lermaii); Iliithc. AiiHtria; Breidler.

. %. Xanthocarpa.

A. Pedicel of cfll)Sule no^ ejiferge^it above Upper leaves; lid
convex.

at CapFule immersed.
S.Ph.iiumeivsiini Sulllvaiil; iiion. m\\^\mh

Leaves narrowly oblong-lingulate or lanceolale short aciiinlnnin,
sbari)ly nerrato alcove; cobta not percurrent. Capsule globose
witli dilated luouth; lid mamillate. - River banks r. Anm\
Can.: Macoun. 'i ■'->

C.Pli.coloradense Britton bull. Torr, cJub 1894.

Leaves subovate o})tusate or short pointe/l, pligbtly wrrftlo
above; costa percurrent. Capsule f,ubgloboHe-plrifo//o; lid ftpi-

J**

:;ulatc.

Amer. »U. S. r.»: Mrs Britton.

334 —

b. Capsule emergent shorter than pedicel. ^''- viu/. "
T.Fh.pygniflBum James. * . H ; ,>

Leaves suboblong acute or short-acuminate, slightly serrate
above; costa not percurrent. Capsule oblong-piriform; lid api-
culnte. — Earth in alps i. Amer. »U. S. Utah»: Lq. et Jam.

B. Pedicel of capsule long-exserted.

a. Lid of capsule flat when ripe and moist.

S.Ph.piriforme L. — Bryum L.; Physcomitrium Bridel; Ph.
Drummondii Britton. ■' ■'

Upper leav'es oblong-lanceolate not sharply acuminate, serrate
above; costa not percurrent. Capsule not or slightly strangulate
when dry; lid apiculate. — Wet earth and walls. Eur. com-
mon in lowei districts. Sweden! Engl.: Rogers. France: Husnot.
Amer. Can.: Macoun. ' ' ' ••;"

9.Ph.turbiiiatlini Richard. — Ph. Kellermani Britton 1. c.

Upper leaves iong-lanceolate sharply acuminate serrate above;
costa percurrent or nhort-excurrent. (^npsule often strangulate
when dry; lid us. mamillate, sometimes short-pointed. — Amer. r.
Can.: Dearness. U. S.: com. Macoun; Boll and Brendel, com.
C. Mueller.

b. Lid of capsule convex us. mamillate.

lO.Ph.megalocarpiini Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVL

Upper leaves long-lanceolate sharply acuminate nearly entire
yellow-margined; costa percurrent or short-excunent. Capsule
us. large r. slightly strangulate. — Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.:
Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot. ;

* Ph.californicum Britton 1. c.

» Leaves shorter, oblong-lanceolate sometimes not sharply
acuminate; costa not percurrent. Capsule smaller, slightly stran-
gulate. — Amer. U. S.»: Mrs Britton.

11 Ph.Langloisii Renauld et Cardot. — Ph. australe Brit-
ton 1. c.

Differs from Ph. megalocarpum: l^eaves serrate all around, not
or less distinctly yellow-margined; capsule not large, sometimes
strangulate when dry; lid sometimes apiculate. — Amer. r. U. S.:
Langlois, com. Cardot; C. Roell, com. J. Roell.
12.Ph.platyphylliiiii Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves broad ovate-oblong: upper sharply acuminate serrate
above; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule not large,
not distinctly strangulate when unripe. — Amer. r. Can.: Flet-
cher, com. Macoun,

^ f:

■

— 335 —

it

Ph.

II. PseudoFunaria Kindb.
13.Fh.Bol8Bnderi Lesquereux. — Entosthodon Leeq.; Sull. ic. m.;
PhyBcomitriimi Kiiulb. , i

Leaves from subobovate base abruptly narrowed to a short
Bubulate acumen, nearly entire. Capsules piriform; pedicel not
long; lid convex maniillate; ealyptra with very long beak. —
Clay soil r. Amer. »U. 8. Calif: Bohender*: Sullivant.
ii !>;-fi.,j ;■ 146. Pyramfdula Bridel.

1 .P.tetragona Bridel.

Upper leaves ovate Bhort-acuminate acute entire; cells larger
than in Pottia truncafula; costa us. excurr( nt. Capsule sub-
globose with short thick neck; lid short obtuse; ealyptra verti-
cally splitting. Hpores 0,04 — 0,07 m. m. Monoecious. —
Meadows princ;. cloverfields in early spring. Eur. less r.
Sweden: Flartnian. Germany: Huebner. Amer. r. »IJ. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

147. Discoliiiin Bridel.
1 .D.imdllin Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Discolium Brid.

Leaves ovate oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate nearly hya-
line. Capsule cernuous very small; pedicel thin reddish. Pro-
tonema evolute in the autumn. Dioecious. — ^Vet sand viz.
by rivers r. Eur, Sweden! Norway: ^. Ny man. Germany: Schem-
mann. Amer. »U. S. »: Lesq. et Jam.

Fam. 32. BryacesB.

148. Leucolepis Lindberg.
l.L.acanthoueura Schwa)grichen. — Hypnum Schw.; Leuco-
lepis Lindb.; Brynni Menziesii Hooker; Mnium C. M.

Leaves distant long-decurrent simply serrate not limbate.
Lower leaves squamiform hyaline, orange at base, gen. long
and ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate cuspidate. Upper stem-
leaves ovate short-acuminate or filiform-pointed. Branch-leaves
ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acute carinate; costa
dentate at back, not excurrent. Outer perichetial leaves long-
acuminate; costa long-excurrent. Capsule large Miiium-like
brown-red inclined or cernuous; pedicels long, often in pairs;
lid not seen. Tufts loose tomentose at base. Dioecious. —
Earth and logs in woods. Amer. Pacif. distr. r. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Howell, com. Cardot.

149. KhJizogonium Bridel.

1 .R.spilliforme L. — iiypnum L.; Rhizogonium Bruch.
Lowest leaves short; the others distant long sublinear short-

•in

If*

^>.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

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(

1.0

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1.25

■£ m 1122
£ US I2.C

1.4

1.6

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^

Photographic

Sdences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

web:;ter, N.Y. usao

(716) 872-4503

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336 —

m ti

Biibulate thickened at the doubly dentate margin?, flexnous
when dry, nearly straight when moist; costa short-excurrent.
Outer perichetial leaves short simply dentate; costa long-excur-
rent. Capsule subobovate faintly curved; lid with short red
beak; teeth brown, pale at apex; endostome yellow; cilia short-
appendiculate; pedicel subba?ilar pale red very long. Tufts
tomentose below, often high. Synoecious. flabit of Hypna -see
in capsule and its lateral pedicel. — Swamps in subtropical
districts. Anier. U. S.: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld (Cuba: Wright,
com. C. Mueller). .t

150. Timifiia Hedwig.

A. Sheath of leaves with finally redbruwn cells; costa us.
dentate at bnck. Dioecious.

l.T.aiistriaca Hedwig.

Leaves from broad sheath abruptly narrowed to the sublan-
ceo'iate in upper half serrate gen. obtuse and faintly involute
laLiina, not or loosely appressed when dry. Capsule sulcate
when dry; cilia not appendiculate; lid apiculate. — Shaded
often dry locks. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer.
r. Can.: Macoun, ■ ,

2.T.arctica Kindb. in botan. notiser 1898.

Leaves above sheath tapering to the broad-lanceolate obtuse
entire or to Ys f^nntly denticulate not much riarrower and
scarcely Involute lamina, impressed at both sides above sheath,
appressed when dry and not much open when moist, much
smaller than in the last; costa nearly smooth. Stems not or
loosely tufted, about 3 — 4 c. m. high. Capsules unknown. —
Swamps in arctic districts r. Eur. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz
1883. Aner. »Greenl.»: Berggren. ..v;^..' . ■■; i

B. Sheath of leaves with pale either hyaline or (in elder
leaves) pale l)rown cells; costa not dentate.

a. Low'.r leaves short gen. obtusate. Dioecious very r. frui-
ting. Tufts pale green. »Cilia not appendiculate »: Juratzka.
S.T.norvegica Zetterstedt. ^-i -j/- ?nr , i:-' • -a ;)!.*.)■. r-

Upper leaves channelled longer acuminate, entire or indistinctly
denticulate in lower half; elder sheath-cells partly pale brown.
— Wet alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.I Spetsbergen:' R.
Gyllencreutz. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

b. Cilia appendiculate. Leaves acuminate not short. Monoe-
cious. Tufts brown below, green above. . i
4.T.megapoiitana Hedwig.

Leaves channelled serrate in whole lamina; nearly all broadly

— 337 —

Bhort-acuniinnio, onlj^ the uppermost long-acnmin.-ite; elder
phcKth-cells pale yellowish brown. — Wet meadows and swamps
or r. on rocks. Eur. r. »Germany.: Limpricht. Amer. less r.
Can.: Maconn. U. S.: Roell.
S.T.bavarica Hessler. .■ • -ii> •<

Differs from the last: Nearly all leaves subconvolute serrate
in upper half; sheath-cells hyaline. — Crevices and caverns of
rocks. Eur. not r. Norway! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

151. Alllacoiniliuiii Schwsegrichen. ;.

I. Orthopyxis. Capsule red-brown often straight; pedicel
not very long. Male flowers gemmiforra. Leaf-cells rotundate
green nearly uniform. Tufts green not high. Not growing in
swamps.

II. Gymnocybe. Capsule brown not straight; pedicel very
long. Male flowers discoid. Tipper leaf-cells round-angular,
lowest basal iarger us. brown. Tufts us. high large and yello-
wish. Dioecious. Growing in swamps.

I. Orthopyxis Palisot de Beauvois. '• '!'''•■
l.A.anilrogyniini L. — Mnium L.; Aulacomnium Schwsegrichdn.

Leaves broader below, gradually tapering and sublinear sub-
obtuse, denticulate above, recurved below to middle. Capsule
straight subcylindric; teeth pale yellow; lid conic; pedicel longish.
Often with globose pedicellate buds. Dioecious. — Rocks and
stumps princ. in lower districts. Eur. common. Sweden, Ger-
many! Amer. Can.: Macoun,

2.A.heter08tichllin Beauvois. — Orthopyxis Beauv.; Aulaco-
mnium Br. eur.

Lower leaves obovate; upper suboblong subobtuse or apicu-
late, slightly reflexed near base, serrate nearly all around.
Capsule oblong-cylindric often curved; teeth whitish; lid ro-
stellate; pedicel not long. Monoecious. — On base of trees.
Amer. eastern states. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Green, com. Cardot.

II. Gymnocybe Ahnfelt e* Fries.
3.A.palU8tre L. — Mnium L.; Aulacomrtium Schwa)gr. ■■■■i

Leaves not cucullate, serrulate above, gen. sublanceolate, very
papillose, us. twisted when dry. Inner perichetij^l leaves subu-
late; costa cxcurrent. Capsule often curved; lid rostellate. Tufts
us. tomentose, often with pseudopodia (pedicellate buds). —
Swamps common. Etir. Sweden, Swltzerl.l Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. > . - . .

* A.papniosiini C. M. in Flora 1875.

Leaves with longer papilla3, long-decurrent; alar ceils larger,

}

h

'! Si

— 338 —

Bubrectangular. Capsules unknown, — Amer. U. S. Colorado:
com. C. Mueller.

* A.fasciculare Bridel. — Mnium Brid.; Aulacomnium Kindb.

Leaves smaller and shorter, entire obtuse somewhat distant.
— In alps r. Eur. »Austria»; Limpricht. Amer. Greenl.: Van-
hoeffen.

* A.imbricatum Br. eur. ' -*

Leaves shorter, entire obtuse imbricate. Tufts nearlv eradi-
culose. Habit of A. turgidum. — Princ. in alps, r. Eur. France:
Payot, com. Husnot, Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* A.polycephalum Bridel. — Mnium Brid.; Aulacomnium Br.
eur.

Leaves more acute and nearly subulate gen. small. Capsu-
les unknown. — Eur. r. Belgium: Verheggen, com. Husnot.
4. A.turgidum Wahlenberg. — Mnium Wng; Aulacomnium
Schwsegr.

Leaves mcuUate above, suboblong entire obtuse imbricate
nearly smooth; costa somewhat short. Inner periehetial leaves
stibacute; costa not percurrent. Capsule nearly straight; lid
not rostellate. Tufts nearly eradiculose without pseudopodia.
R. fruiting. — Pumid places princ. in northern alps. Eur.
Norway not uncommon! Sweden: E. Nyman. Spetsbergen
common: R. Gyllencreutz. Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. >(;: -,<:» is ^^

152. Mniuin Linne, in part.
I. Pseudo-Bryum. Leaf-cells elongate suboblong. Leaves
large nearly entire not distinctly limbate. Dioecious.
H. Eu-Mnium* Leaf-cells ger. round-hexagonal except the
marginal and sometimes the inner near costa. ' i ;,!

A. Leaves entire limbate; outer periehetial broad not long.

1. Hymenophylloidea. Leaves small, those of decumbent
shoots distichous. Capsules unknown.

2. Punctatiformia. Leaves large not distichous; uppermost
rosulate. Lid of capsule rostrate or rostellate. ; ■? ! ; ^-i' ;.f.i,

B. Leaves entire or dentate us. not limbate: outer periehe-
tial long narrow sublinear. Lid of capsule convex mamillate.
Dioecious.

3. Siellariforiliia. Leaves bluish when moist; cells not
large. ". r.^i-, • w-K Mv.:-: ■ n ''-'.;-'. wW .i <i-'v.<'.) •uumi'-.

C. Leaves simply dentate, limbate by pale cells; costa ex-
current. Outer periehetial leaves us. broad and not long. Stem
often with decumbent stolons at base.

— 339

eradi-

a* Leaves not linear.

4. Cuspidatiformia. Leaves gradually larger upwards not
rosulate and not undulate, us. abruptly acuminate; teeth cilii-
forra; cells round-hexagonal us. not large. Lid of capsule suh-
mamillate. Uh. synoecious.

5. Rosillata. Leaves us. obtuse or with short point and
gen. not undulate, teeth r. ciliiform; cells large sometimes suboval.
Upper leaves of fruiting stem rosulate. Lid of capsule mamil-
late-apiculate. Mostly dioecious. ' ij :hl<-.j

H. Rostrata. Leaven obtuse often undulate; teeth not cilii-
form; cells small round-hexagonal. Upper leaves of fruiting
stem rosulate. Lid of capsule long-rostrate. Dioecious.

b. Leaves linear-lingulate.

7. Undnlata. Leaves strongly undulate, the uppermost of
fruiting stem rosulate; cells email round-hexagonal. Lid of
capsule submamillate. Stems not tufted; shoots deflexed or
the basal ascending. Dioecious.

D. Leaves doubly dentate (r. nearly entire), limbate by
finally red cells. Outer perichetial leaves oblong-lanceolate.
Stem r. with decumbent stolons. Leaf-cells gen. not large.

8. Spinosa. Upper leaves broad; costa excurrent. Capsules
us. clustered; lid rostrate or rostellate.

9. Serrata. Upper leaves narrow; costa us. percurrent.
Capsule us. solitary; lid rostrate or apiculate. .•}■,'"„■! -

10. Horna. Leaves long narrow; costa not percurrent.
Capsule .solitary; lid mainillate. Tufts very tomentose.

L Pseudo-Bryum Kindb. ^';

l.M.cinclidioides M. N. Blytt. ; :( i ; j

Leaves gen. suboval obtuse; costa not excurrent. Capsule
suboval; teeth brown. Tufts loose high. — Swamps princ. in
northern distr. Eur. Norway! Sweden: M. Kiwb; Miss O. Cron.
Belgium: Gravet. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

IL Eu-Mnium. • ^ ' >'

1. Hymenophylloidea. .,i. tu;;' o

'i.M.hymenophylloides Huebener.

Leaves circular or round-oval gen. obtuse, pale-limbate glau-
cous or bright green; costa not percurrent. Stem not tomen-
tose. — .\lp. rocks r, Eur. Norway, Switzeri.! Amer. Can.
Rocky mts: Macoun. ' •

2. Pnnctatiformia.
A. Leaves narrowly limbate by 1—2 pale cell-rows, short-
decurrent. Capsule broad-oval less large. Synoecious or dioecious,

¥

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- 340

m

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B.M.siib^lobosiini Br. em

Leaves green epatliulate nt least the upper; inner cells gen.
large. Inner perichetial leaves ovate subobtuse; cells oblong-
ovul. Stem often tomentose. — Swamps princ. in northern
alps. Eur. not common. Norway, Switzerl.l Sweden: R. Hart-
man. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz. Amer. r. Greenl.: Van-
hoeffen. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

B. Leaves broadly limbate by 3—4 often red cell- rows, not
^ decurrent. Capsule us. large euboval. Dioecious.

-ritiS^r^ 4.M.punctatnill Schreber. — Bryum Schreb.; Mniuia Hedwig.

Leaves broad- oval or round-oval finally blackish or reddish;
innermost cells larger than the outer. Inner perichetial leaves
ovate- lanceolate acuminate; cells sublinear. Stem us. tomentose.

— Wet places. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl!
Amer. not r. Can.: J, Macoun. U. S.: Wetherby. Alaska: J.
M. Macoun.

S.M.glabrescens Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1893.

Leaves oval-lingulate green or pale red, not nigrescent; the
uppermost subobiong or oblong-lanceolate; cells smaller than in
the Inst. Perichetial leaves as in M. suhglohosum. Stem nearly
glabrous. Pedicel often longer than in M. punctatum. — Earth
and old logs. Amer. Pacif. distr. not uncommon. Alaska: J.
M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Dawson. U. S. Calif.: Marshall
A. Howe. i>ii :vuv:i( -1 -n --H'liif; '

/^ M.clilorophyllosum Kindb. n. subsp.

Capsule (unripe) narrowly oblong. Leaf-cells very chloro-
phyllose. Stem tomentose. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. On-
tario: Macoun.

• iij^;wv^ ,:r;=viai;iA ,• f 3. Stellariformia. iuIok .!•>:; ^•r;f:\i
6.M.stel!are Reichard; Hedwig.

Leaves not or indistinctly limbate oblong-oval us. entire or the
uppermost (of fruiting stem) denticulate above; shoot-leaves of-
ten distichous. — On rocks and base of trees. Eur. not un-
common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: C. E. Kindberg.
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser. -jm .'lU ^,'.MHr.'.jfi?q'^>!J'5{uy«.n, l
7.M.BIyttii Bryol. eur.

Leaves '' L least on fruiting stem) red-limbate often doubly
dentate, us. larger than in the last, not distichous. R. fruiting.

— Rocks in northern alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Ma-

4. Cuspidatiformia.
.^ii'A. Leaves crowded dentate all around, spreading when

gen.
blong-
rthern
Hart-
Van-

1

— 341 —

moist. Ciiphule yellowish finally red-yellow witli red moutlj;
neck dark red tapering to pedicel, sterile shoots erect often
ciavate. ^t'lti /; m.m;. :■ r. ../> /■ ;i;.,f ,h'> '• i'^'/.-

S.M.yenustuni Mitten; Sulliv. ie. m. — M. Neevii C. M.

Leaves oval or subobovnte; cells small. Capsules clustered
often 4—6; endostomial membrane not perforated. — Trees
and rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Howell,
com. Cardot. i'> •'''.'.■•',-"i ''H '■ if^'yi.y !!\ '■<>,<, li .'.,\r ."^

B. Leaves not crowded, entire below, patent when moist.
Capsule greenish finally brownish; neck not distinct.
O.M.cuspidatum Schreber. — Bryum Schreb.; Mnium Leysser.

Leaves suboblong long decurrent; cells small. Capsule soli^
tary; endostomial membrane perforated; lid apiculate. Tufts
loose us. witli numerous decumbent stolons. — Woods and
rocks. Eur. common in lower distr. Sweden, Germany, Italy!
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

lO.M.Drummondii Bruoh et Schimper; Sulliv. icon. ra. — M.
Bubmarginatum Nawaschin et Zinger. /iiVZ *U.''-> .;,;>.'' M-jd

Leaves oval or subobovate, somewhat larger than in the last
with longer teeth and larger cells. Leaves of fruiting stem
short-decurrent. Capsules us. clustered '^ — 3; endostomial mem-
brane not perforated; lid mamillate or obtuse. Tufts dense, r.
with decumbent or decurved stolons. Sometimes with distinct
male Howers. — Old logs in woods. Eur. v. Russia: Zinger,
com. Zickendrath. »Germany»: Milde. Amer. less r. Can.:
Macoun. U. S.: A. G. Wetherby.

5. Rosulata. ^ ■•■'' '''" ' ■ *.-?,<., ;,t,-

A. Leaf-cells gen. hexagonal-oval and seriate, at least the
inner near costa. Dioecious, n-. . v- .r^n :iiinr'..:.- :,r;-t.\^i7/o
ILM.afflne Blandow.

Leaves oblong-oval or narrower, dentate all around (r. entire),
us. short-decurrent; teeth us. long; nearly all inner cells suboval.
Capsules often clustered 2—3. Tufts loose. — Wet grassy
places. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. Can.:
Macoun.
♦M.ciliare Greville. — Bryum Grev.; Mnium Lindberg.

»L'^aves with long ciliiform teeth »: C. M. syn. — Eur. »Swe-
den»: Lindberg. Amer. »U. S.»: Greville. • H'jitj^fjn.'^

♦M.Seligeri Juratzka et Milde.

Leaves gen. narrow and long-decurrent with short teeth.
Capsule us. solitary. Shoots erect. — Rooks. i,Vr. not r. Sweden!
Belgium: Gravet. Amer. »U. S.**: Lesq. et Jam.

it

\\L .

I') >

'I '

i'.;

ri*

I ;1

— 342 —

tm

12.M.rugicum Laurer.

Leaves oblong-oval or narrower, gen. entire and short-decur-
rent; the uppermost faintly dentate and not much larger than
the lower, less distinctly rosulate; cells gen. round-hexagonal,
the innermost near costa oval. Shoot-leaves nearly entire.
Tufts loose. — Swamps r. Eur. Sweden, Norway! Germany:
Warnstorf. Amer. Can. near Ottawa and N. Labrador: Macoun.

B. Leaf-cells round-hexagonal not seriate. Often synoecious.
Leaves dentate all around, the uppermost rosulate. .' <^

a. Leaves very narrow, oblong-lanceolate acuminate; the
outer perichetial longer acuminate. Plants robust.
13.M.in$igne Mitten; Sullivant icon, muscor. ^

Leaves long-decurrent. Capsules us. clustered 3 — 5; lid us.
mamillate. Stem us. with decumbent stolons. Tufts loose.
Dioecious. — Wet ground r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr. in Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

14.M.robU8tuin Kindb. n. sp. — M. medium * robustum Kfndb.
bull. Torr. club XVIL

Leavfs not or very short-decurrent. Synoecious. Otherwise
as the last. — Earth in bogs and woods r. Amer. Can. Vane,
isl.: Macoun.

b. Leaves short broad or
lv').M.iliediuill Bryol. eur.

.Leaves not or slightly decurrent with not ciliiform teeth:
lower oval-obiong obtuse, upper subobovate-lingulate, outer pe-
richetial short-acuminate. Capsules us. in pairs or solitary; lid
apiculate. Tufts loose. SLoots us. erect. Plants robust. Synoe-
cious. — Wet rocks and woods. Eur. not common. Sweden,
Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler. Amer. r. Can. Prince Edw. isl.:

Macoun. .•!!::; • iHi>ji.ii

* M.boreale Kindb. n. fiubsp.

Pedicel and stem very much shorter; leaves and capsules
smaller. Leaves not decurrent. Capsule gen. solitary and
straight; lid convex sometimes mamillate. Tufts dense. —
Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeldl

* M-CUrvatulum Lindberg. — Astrophyllum Lindb.; Mnium
Limpr.

> Capsules clustered oblong-cylindric curved very wide-mouthed,
smaller and shorter than in M. medium; lid depressed semi-
globose conic not mamillate. Stems not tufted. Synoecious.
— Alp. rocks r. Eur. Sweden in Lapland: Hj. Holmgren »:
Lindb. musci scand.

Earth in bogs and woods r. Amer.
only the uppern

i.OSt

narrow.

— 343 —

f;

?; the

Tufts loose. — Rocks
distr. Sweden. Switzerl.I

le.M.arcficiini Kindb. in Biblioth. botan. 42 (1897).

Lower leaves decurrent with long ciliiform teeth, oblong
obtuse; the uppermost oblong-lanceolate short-acuminate acute;
outer perichetial ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate acute. Cap-
sule solitary small (as in M. cuspidatum) suboval; pedicel not
long. Tufts loose, about 2 c. m. high. Shoots erect. Dioe-
cious. Habit of M. cuspidatum. — Arctic district r. Amer.
Greenl. Karajak-Nunatak: Vanhoeffen. ;■ .. .^ •

6. Rostrata. h- ; ; ,.,
IT.M.rostratum Schrader.

Leaves not or slightly decurrent: lower small rotundate or
broad-oval; upper oval or broadly obovate obtuse, entire below.
Capsules yellowish often clustered,
and stonewalls. Eur. not r. in lower
Amer. Can. not uncommon: Macoun.

7. Undulata. .. V' ' : i..
IS.M.undulatum Weis.

Leaves decurrent obtuse dentate all around. Capsules often
clustered. — Wet woods in lower distr. Eur. nearly common.
SwedenI; J. Persson. Denmark: M. F. Lange. Greece: Heldreich.

8. Spinosa.

19.M.8pin08nm Voit. — Bryum Voit; Mnium Schwsegrichen.

Leaves curled when dry: upper subobovate; inner perichetial
us. doubly dentate limbate. Tufts dark green loosely cohering.
Dioecious. — Earth and rocks in woods, sometimes in alps.
Eur. not uncommon. Norway, Switzerl.I Ainer. r. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.
20.M.spinuto8um Bryol. eur.

Leaves not or slightly curled: upper subobovate; inner peri-
chetial us. simply dentate and not limbate. Tufts bright green
densely cohering. Synoecious. — Base of trees. Eur. r. Austria:
Schimper. France: Husnot. Germany: Progel. Amer. not r.
Can.: Macoun; Dawson. 'ijt-t ; i . ;; :;

* M.macrociliare C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves dark-green smaller; teeth more ciliiform, sometimes
simple. Capsule solitary. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

9. Serrata. ' ' /^'
A. Synoecious or paroecious without special male plants.

Stem us. radiculose between lower leaves.

2LM.niarginatuiIl Dickson. — Bryum Dicks. 1790; Mnium

Beauvois; M. serratum Schrader ? (1791); Br. eur.

Leaves long-decurrentj costa scarcely percurrent. Upper

i,

51) S

L

j!

Ji'i'Mi'i'i;,

— 344 —

stem-leftves Hiiboblong subobtuso sbort-ftcumiimto, dentate ubove
middle; lower leaves oval obtuse entire; phoot- leaves also entire.
Capsule oval-oblong not strangulate, with not or slightly dilated
mouth; lid rostellate or apiculate; teeth brownish. Tufts green
or finally brownish green us. dense, often high. — On earth.
Eur. romnion. Sweden, ^.-'witzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
22.M.Niagar(e Kindb. oat. Canad. m.

Leaves gen. indistinctly decurrent. Upper stem-leaves lanceo-
late acuminate dentate to below middle, crowded and not de-
current; costa excurrent. Lower leaves obh)ng acute more or
less dentate. Upper shoot-leaves also dentate. Capsule cylin-
dric-fusiform strangulate wide-mouthed; lid obli<|uely rostrate;
teeth yeilov;. Tufts loose dark green. — On earth under treea
near water r. Amer. Can. Niagara: Macoun. .n ' . ,.,i .

B, Dioecious (with separate male plants). Stem gen. not
radiculose between leaves. Upper leaves us, dentate all around.

a. Leaves crisped (princ. on long us. decumbent stolons),
gradually larger upwards on fertile stem; costa not excurrent.
2B.M.ripariuill Mitten. — M. ambiguum H. Mueller. .; ; i

Leaves oval-oblong subobtuse, dentate all around, often crow-
ded and not decurrent on fertile stem; shoot-leaves small distant
us. longdecurrent; cells larger than in M. orfhorhynchum. Cap-
sule straight oblong-oval; teeth pale; lid rostellate. Stem not
high. — Wet rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzcrl.l Sweden: E. Ny-
man. Amer. Can.: Macoun, i.,i . , , , *

24.M.Uiiibratile Mitten; Sullivant icon. m.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate very distant and long-
decurrent. Capsule curved suboblong large often with long
neck; teeth yellow; lid apiculate; pedicel often very long. —
Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col,: Macoun,

b. Leaves faintly curled. Stem without decumbent stolons.
aa. Leaves distant long-decurrent. Tufts loose us. high.

25.M.lycopodioides Hooker. — Bryum Hook.; Mnium Schwsegr.

Leaves lanceolate-acuminate gradually larger upwards; costa
gen, excurrent. Capsule curved suboblong, larger than in M.
orthorhynchuw,', teeth dark yellow or pale brown; lid rostellate.
— Wet alp. rocks r. Eur. Switzerl, near Spluegen! {Asia, Sikkim:
Wichura, com, Mus. Berolin.),
26,M.decurrens C, M. et Kindb. 1, c. .,] •.;..'.! iihTf^^ifj avyy-:

Lower leaves small oval-oblong; upper suddenly larger, lan-
ceolate acute less distant; costa not excurrent. Capsule straight
suboval; teeth dark yellow; lid apiculate. Stem often very

iibove

entire.

ililated

green

eaitli.

— 345 —

high. — Wet alp. rockH r. Amer. Can.: Brit. Col.: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell.

bb. Upper leaves nearly crowded and not or shortly decur-
rent. Leaves gradually larger upwards. Tufts often low. -s
27.M.orthorhviichiim Bridel.

Lower leaves suboval, upper suboblong gen. acute; costa not
excurrent, us. dentate at back. Capsule straiglit suboval; teeth
pale; lid rostellate. Tufts us. dense. Rocks princ. in alps.
— Eur. not r. Norway, ►Switzerl.l France: Husnot. Amer. Can.:
Macoun. ., ,, , , ,, ,

28.M.inclinatum Lindberg.

Differs from the last princ. in shorter and smaller leaves;
the lower rotundate or broad-ovate, the upper suboval subob-
tuse. Capsule curved suboblong; teeth yellow; lid apiculate.
Tufts often loose. R. fruiting. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
29.M.p8eil(1o-lycopodioides C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. — M. lyco-
podioides Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves as in M. orthorhynchum but gen. obtuse and more
curled; costa not dentate, often excurrent. Capsule curved with
distinct neck; teeth pale; lid rostellate. Tufts loose not high,
-r- Base of trees in swamps r. Amer. Can.; Macoun.

10. Horna. .< vA

SO.M.hornum L. . r .•: :

Leaves sublinear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, not or scar-
cely decurrent. Capsule oblong or suboval; teeth pale. Tufts
often high. Dioecious. — Rocks and woods. Eur. gen. com-
mon. Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

153. Roellia Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.
l.R.lucida Britton. — Bryum Britt.; Roellia Kind)).; Mnium
Brotherus in Hedwigia 1893; M. Roellii Broth, in Bot. Central-
blatt 1890.

Lower leaves distant ovate acute long-decurrent entire not
limbate; upper crowded not decurrent, subs[)athulate with short
often twisted acumen, serrate in upper third, faintly reHexed
below, limbate by 2 narrow cellrows; upper cells oval-oblong,
lower oblong or narrower; costa abbreviate or short-excurrent.
Comal leaves oblong-lingulate. Perichetiai leaves erect, shorter
and much narrower, long-acuminate: inner nearly entire, neither
limbate nor reflexed. Capsule long subcylindric pale rufous
not constricted; teeth yellow; lid high-conic nhort-apiculate pale;
pedicel very Jong, irregularly curved or geniculate. Tufts green.

■ t'
it.

lii

II

"It

.j:;JtliJ\ i'

28

II

Si

;* ti

— 346 —

ri '. ',

ifU'

— Near CftHOftdoK in alp. rcf-^ionH r. Amer. U. S. Or('fj;()n '2100
nu'tr. a. h.: J. Uoell, com. nrotheruH; Idaho 1850 metr. a. «.:
Leiberg, com. Mrs E. G. Britton.

'ilLsiniplcx Kiiulb. — iirvum Kiiulb. cut. Cunad. m.; Mniutn
(Roellia) Kindb. rcviic br3'ol. 189(5. auii'^nvfr' rnrio, rs, •

Nearly allied to the last but well-distinct. DifferH from it:
Leaves smaller, crowded and not decurrent. Comal leaves
shorter, oval-spathiilate. Shoot-leaves nearly similar, more
numerous and not distant, not or indistinctly limbate. Capsule
constricted below the wide mouth; lid obtuse. Endostoma
hyaline, cilia not appendiculate, spores small, ps in the lafct.

— Alp. regions r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col., Gold Range 2100
metr. a. s., Vane. isl. (mt Benson): Macoun.

154. Khodobryum (Schimper, as subgenus) Limpricht. •"'
l.B.roseum Weis. — Mnium Weis; Rhodobryum Limpricht;
Bryum proliferum (L. as var.) yibthorp; Lindb.; Braithwaite.

Comal leaves suboblong or broadly Ungulate, obtusate acute
or abruptly broad-apiculate, serrate above middle, revolute be-
low it; costa gradually narrower, not excurrent. Capsule red-
brown suhsymmetric nearly straight; neck short not or slightly
curved; lid conic or subc^nvex mamillate; archegonia 5 — 6;
pedicels often clustered. — Wet places in woods in lower districts.
Eur. nearly common. Sweden, Switzerl.I
2.fl.oiltariense Kindb. — Bryum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVL

Comal leaves Ungulate abruptly short-acuminate, much more
numerous than in the last, dentate with large conHuent often
yellowish teeth above to Y4 or Y3, revolute below the dentate
part; costa stout excurrent. Capsule pale brown asymmetric;
neck curved half as long; lid convex short-apiculate; archegonia
numerous; pedicel us. solitary. Dioecious as the last. — Old
logs and limestone rocks. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Moser.
U. S.: Wetherby; Roell; Marshall A. Howe. •

155. Bryum L.; Hedwig.

A. Perichetial leaves few, not much differing from the other
upper ones. — Leaves gen. entire or faintly denticulate with
few teeth, often limbate; upper cells us. rhomboidal; costa often
excurrent.

£, Cilia of endostome mostly appendiculate. Spores small,
about 0,01 m. m., r. nearly 0,02 m. m. Capsule r. oblique.

aa. Capsule thin-walled. Upper leaves setaceous; costa broad.
I. Leptobryum. Capsule with long downwards narrowed
neck, very nitid (vernicose). Leaves not limbate; cells sublinear..
Stems not julaceous.

— 347 —

bb. (-npHuh! tliic'kwallcd. Tififtvon not H(>tiic(>(>UH; coRtii luirmw.

II. Eil-Br.vuni. Capsule with distinct, alroivdy before Hj)oroHiH
downwanlH nnrrowod neck. LeavcB oftei» linil'ate; coeta often
excurrent, SteniB r. julneeouH. > i :•

III. Pacliylopliiis. CapHulo with very fhort and thick, before
Bporoeis not imrrowfd and often indistinct neck. Leaven not
limbate, ^'cn. reddish at insertion; costa not often excurrent.
Stems mostly julaceous. Us. dioecious.

b. Cilia gen. smooth, r. ap[)endiculato. Hi)oref gen. large,
about 0,08 — 0,04 m. m., r. snialler (about 0,02 m. in.) Cap-
sule not r. oblique.

IV. Cladodinni. Capsule gen. with distinct narrowed neck.
Leaves mostly limbate; costa us. excurrent.

B. Perichetial leaves well-detined jen. numerous. — Leaves
gen. denti(!ulate witli numerous teeth, r. (in Epipferi/gium) lim-
bate; costa gen. not excurrent. Capsule narrowly necked, not
oblique; cilin very r, (in Webera) appendiculate; spores gen, small.

a. Endostomial segments broad; cilia us. long.

V. Webera. Leaves not limbate, us. denticulate; cells us.
narrov; costa sometimes short-excurrent.

VI. E[)ipter.Vj?ium. Leaves broadly reddish limbate, entire,
the larger us. di:.>.u^hous; cells dilated; costa abbreviate.

b. Endostomial segments somewhat narrow; cilia short or
rudimentary. • : i- . ,.,

VII. Pohlia*). Perichetial leaves sublinear- lanceolate narrowly
acuminate acute. Leaves not limbate; upper cells gen. very
narrow.

'-'■ '•■''' ■ ' Eu-Bryum. * . , .. -

A. Basal leaf-cells not (or very pale) red. Capsule brown.
Leaves gen. entire. Dioecious.

1. Jlllacea. Leaves c-owded small green us. shining, gen.
neither limbate nor reflexed; cells mostly very narrow; costa
not or scarcely excurrent. Capsule not oblique. Stems julaceous.
R. fruiting.

2. Speirophjila. Leaves more or less di^stant, often red,
not shining, sometimes reflexed or limbate; cells dilated; costa
sometimes excurrent. Capsule straight or (sometin)es in B. pallens)
oblique. Stems not julaceous.

B. Basal leaf-cells (at insertion of elder leaves) us. deep-red.

!i:

tti

Ff

•) ThiB section could be related rb a proper gpiius to fara. Meeseaceee,
allied to Flagiohryum and Orthodontium.

u

— 348 —

t\. Capsule gen. red, r. brown. Leaves broader at base,
without hairpoint, r. limbate.

3. Erythrocarpa. Leaves often serrulate above; costa thin
excurrent. Capsule mostly red. Tufts small us. loose. Dioecious
or r. monoecious. i^;7 ^] ' /: ;' j- :.'!i*.I^J♦>j ^f? V

4. Alpiniformia. Leaves gen. entire; costa somewhat thick,
gen. not ^,r. shortly) excurrent. Tufts large and dense. Us.
dioecious.

b. Capsule brown or red-brown. Leaves gen. with a by
costa not formed hairpoint, of'.en entire; the lower of stem or
the upper of shoots often broader above middle.

5. Tricliopliora. Leaves us. limbate; costa often abbreviate.
Capsule gen. subclavate. Dioecious or r. synoecious. Tufts
often large and dense.

C. Capsule brown. Leaves broader at base, without hair-
point, entire or denticulate; costa us. excurrent. Dioecious or
sometimes synoecious.

6. Biiiiiforniia. Leaves gen. broadly hmbate and large,
sometimes denticulate, often distant. Stem distinct us. high.

7. Csespiticia. Leaves not or very narrowly limbate, gen.
entire and not large, crowded. Stem distinct gen. not high.

8. Grenimiforniia. Leaves not or narrowly limbate, small
entire crowded. Stem very short with gammiform shoots. Cilia
of endostome sometimes not appendiculate.

::,-.< 4«r«i Pachylophus. ( i-t^'j ,1 .h .

A, Plants small with small leaves. Tufts low.

1. Argenteiformia. Capsule often red; neck finally narrowed^
Costa of leaves subpercurrent or short-excurrent. Stems julaceous.

2. Yersicolorzformia. Capsule us. (finally) red; neck us.
not narrowca. Costa of leaves lo.ig-excurrent. Stems r. julaceous.

B. Plants large with large leaves. ._^^^.^

3. Zoiiatiforinia. Capsule yellowish; neck finally narrowed.
Costa of leaves gen. subpercurrent. Stems not julaceous, us.
very tomentose.

Cladodium. * '/ '

A. Leaves not (or very faintly) red at insertion. Tufts mostly
loose.
a

X.

Capsule and peristomial teeth red. Leaves not limbate.

Erythrodontia. Capsule short-necked, not oblique. Mon-
oecious.

b. Capsule and perietomial teeth brownisn or yellowish.
Leaves gen. limbate. n4\v« •.wyt^t^i^i'* orjtmus

- 349 -

base,

t!

2. Arcticiformia. Cappnle gen. not longer than neck, often
oblique; teeth short; endostome more or less adhering. Us. syn-
oecious. Leaves gen. entire.

3. Ceriiniformiat Capsule not longer than neck, us. oblique;
teeth long; endostome gen. not adhering. Us. monoecioas.
Leaves us. denticulate above.

4. Purpurascentiformia. Capsule gen. longer than neck,
not oblique. Often monoecious.

B. Leaves dark red at insertion (at least in elder leaves).
Peristomial teeth brownish or yellowish.

a. Capsule red. Tufts loose.

5. Calophylloideai Capsule very short-necked. Monoecious.

b. Capsule brownish or yellowish. Tufts gen. dense.

6. Fenduliformia. Capsule gen. longer than neck, not
oblique. Us. sj'noecious, r. dioecious or monoecious. Leaves
gen. not decurrent.

7. Rntilantiformia. Capsule gen. not longer than neck,
oblique. Us. dioecious, r. monoecious. Leaves decurrent distant.

•I" t' i .

■iV;M !t:''n

Webera.

A. Perichetial leaves sublinear-lanceolate narrowly acuminate
acute, longish. Other leaves r. decurrent.

1. Cmdiformia. Capsule indistinctly necked before sporosis,
finally not much longer than neck, often yellowish brown, gen.
Tiot pendent; pedicel long. Lef.ves often somewhat large; upper
cells very narrow.

2. Nutantiformia. Capsule distinctly necked also before
sporosis, not much longer than neck, brownish (or })artly red-
dish) and somewhat narrow, pendent; cilia sometimes appendi-
cuiate. Leaves often distant; upper cells sometimes dilated.

3. Pulchelliformiao Capsule more or less distinctly necked
befor'' sporosis, gen. much longer than neck, often pendent and
appressed to pedicel, sometimes reddish. Leaves small us. distant..
Stem short. Dioecious.

B. Perichetial leaves shortish, oblong-lanceolato acute broadly
acuminate or obtuse. Other leaves gen. decuirent; cells not r.
dilated.

4. Cucullatiformia. Male flowers gemmiform. Capsule
brownish annulate. Leaves green us. short.

5. Albicantiformia. Male flowers discoid. Capsule red-
dish not annulate. Leaves us. long, often glaucous green.

I

'n

it*

350

'.V.

*!

mm I

I. Leptobryum Br. eur. "' ■j-,'^^, .':
l.B.pirifornie L. — Mnium L.; Bryum Wiggere. - ■' -

Capsule piriform or round-oval, chestnut-colored; neck lonp;
lid small; annulus revoluble; teeth pale yellow; pedicel long.
Tufts us. 1 — 2 c. m. high. Resembles somewhat Dicranella
heteromalla in habit. — Stone-walls and rocks nearly common.
Eur. Sweden etc.l Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: com. Cardot.

II. Eu-Bryum. « -.n.- [{ifo icci

■^a,. 1. Julacea (Anomobryura Schimper). }■ .|J

A. Leaves obtusate obtuse, us. shining when dry. ^
'i.B.flLforme Dickson. — Anomobryum julaceum Schimp.

Leaves ovate or o vale-oblong, very concave, gen. entire; up-
per cells narrow; costa not percurrent. Capsule suboblong.
Stemfc longish, tufted. — Sandy soil in alps r. Eur. Switzerl.I
Austria: Schimper.

B. Leaves short-acuminate or apiculate (or some ones obtuse).

a. Leaves of the short fruiting stem reflexed, sublimb.ate,
not shining; costa percurrent. ■ ,: ..j,.(... ,.'..'; ■.).[. x\;A.,
S.B.bullatum C. Mueller.

Leaves broad-ovate or ovate, entire; cells narrow. Capsule
small oblong-piriform yellowish pendent; cilia appendiculate.
Tufts loose; shoots and male plants longish. Habit of the last.

— Amer. r. Can., Selkirk mts: Macoun 1890. »Ala8ka»: C. M.

b. Leaves neither reflexed nor limbate, us. shining; costa
Bubpercurrent or (in B. juliforme) abbreviate.
4.B.juliforme C. Solms Laubach. — A^nomobryum Solras;
Bryum Schimper.

Leaves ovate-oblong, denticulate near apex; upper cells nar-
row; costa short. Capsule claviform. Tufts about 1 c. m. high.

— Rocks r. Eur. Italy: Bottini; Arcangeli. Norway: Hagen.
5.B.sericeuiii Lacroix. — B. leptostomum Schimp.

Leaves suboval entire: those of shoots often obtuse; upper
cells oblong-lanceolate. Capsule suboblong; » peristome rudi-
mentary*: Limpricht. Stem us. very low when barren, some-
times 1 c. m. high in fruiting state. — Wet rocks r. Eur.
France: Berthoumieu; Lamy, com. Husnot. ,...,...,,,. .,^
G.B.concii uatum Spruce.

Leaves )vate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, gen. entire; upper
cells oft( . rhomboidal. Capsules unknown. Stems longish,
often mixed in other moss-tufts, sometimes with greenish bul-
billi. Often silver-glosey when dry. — Rocks princ. in alps r,
Eur. Norway, Switzerl.I »Amer.»: Lq. et Jam

lonp;

long.
anella
omon.
dot.

_ 351 __

T.B.Geheebii C. Mueller. ■ " ■ —

!»/*- » Leaves broad-ovate obtusely short- acuminate; upper cells
rhonabic. Capsules unknown. Stem with bulbilli. Tufts 3 c. m.
high. Habit of the last. — Wet rocks r. Eur. Switzerland*:
Lirapricht.
♦B.Comfcae Notaris.

.,. »Leaves ovate-oblong obtusely short-acuminate; upper cells
oblong-oval or rhomboidal. Capsules unknown. Tufts 1 c. m..
high. — Eur. r, Sardinia island: Comba»: Limpricht.

2. Speirophylla.
-^ A. Leaves finally rose-red, loosely disposed, gen. not lira-
bate. Capsule not oblique, longer than neck.

a. Leaves long-decurrent; costa not excurront. s,h\
8 B.DuTalii Voit. — B. lato-decurrens C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves not reflexed, ovate-oblong acute or apiculate. Cap-
sule brown strangulate; pedicel often very long. Stems often
long and loosely tufted. Not often fruiting. — Swamps also
in alps. Eur. not uncommon. Norwayl Amer. Can.: Macoun;

iVlOSer. . v.,< ,.• -Si. t; i. :.;■!, I l.)y ¥• vl .,i.?-f - ;jJ.Vi(-:.'

D.B.obtnsifoliuin Lindberg.

Leaves reflexed, gen. broad-ovate obtuse, r. subacute. Ripe
capsules not found; pedicel not long. Tufts us. dense and not
high. — Northern alps near perennial snow r. Eur. Norwayl
Sweden: E. Nyman. Spetsbergen: Berggren; Gyllencreutz. Amer.
Alaska: Palmer (fertile).
lO.B.pyginpso-alpiTiuni C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. .....(..

Leaves not reflfxed, gen. broad-ovate obtuse, less loosely
disposed. Capsules unknown. — Wet rocks in alp. region r.
Amer. Can., Vane. isl. 1700 metr. a. e.: Macoun.

b. Leaves gen. not decurrent; costa sometimes excurrent.
ll.B.erythrophjilum Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Ijeaves (at least the lower) reflexed, subovate scarcely api-
culate; cells subrhombic; costu percurrent. Capsule brown sub-
oblong finally strangulate. Tufts loose. — Wet earth r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. Alaska: Palmer.
12.B.erjtliroplijiloides Kindb. cat, Can. m. '

Leaves diversiform, not reflexed: uppermost oblong-lanceolate
somewhat long-acuminate with narrower cells and short-excur-
rent costa; middle leaves ovate-oblong acute with subrhombic
cells and percurrent costa; the lowest ovate-oval subobtuse.
Capsules unknown. Tufts loose. — By springs r. Amer. Can,:
Macoun. :v. i .^t^C) .'■ /jH

'vi

i

#5 ■■

■: m

sTssm

— 352 —

,;/

I ^1-4. >«»?..! I fS

f f!1

til H j-

* B.GRspeanum Kindb. 1. c.
' Nearly all leaves narrow: appermoRt short-dec ar rent, lower
Rublimbate; costa sometimes lor>g-excurrent. Capsules unknown.
— Wet rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. .,,-,». v., ,v»i- -w ?
IB.B.alpinifornie Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves not reflexed, ovate-oblong short-acuminate or apiculate;
cells Bubrhombic; costa gen. short-excurrent. Capsules unknown.
Tufts somewhat dense. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves us. red, gen. not much distant, limbate; costa
percurrent or short-excurrent; shoot-leaves us. decurrent. Cap-
sule shorter than neck, not or indistinctly constricted below
mouth, often oblique.

14.B.palIens Swartz, '>>■> :jjA0'.,'iai);*pnvi3-^>^/('v^'^ h

Leaves us. reflexed to above middle, ovate-oblong or Subob-
ovate, acute or acuminate, entire or nearly so, brownish or
yellow limbate, somewhat twisted when dry. Capsule us. oblique
with often curved neck; teeth yellow; endostome nearly orange;
lid mamillate; cilia sometimes not appendieulate; spores r. large.
Stem us. low (about 1 cm.) and sparingly radiculose near
base. Tufts loose. Easily confounded with B. arcticum. —
Moist earth, sometimes on stone-walls, often in alps. Eur.
common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
*B.rufescens Kindb. n, subsp. -i^v'^ --ri:^ ov'jJ.?:rwfS -- .Um!*!

Leaves very distant, entire, faintly or not reflexed, spreading
when dry. Tufts dense rufescent 6 — 8 c. m. high. Capsules
unknown. — Alp. districts r. Eur. Norway, near Kongswold!
*B.fallax Milde.

Leaves scarcel}'^ reflexed, oval-ovate narrowly limbate us. not
red; costa gen. percurrent. Capsule us. not oblique; lid api-
culate; cilia not appendieulate. Tufts low less loose. — Wet
rocks princ. in higher alp. region r. Eur. Norwayl France:
Boulay. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
♦B.baldense Venturi. -tt^.t^nn^H^^ ■£)!'■■ i-^Uiiir^

• Capsule symmetric; cilia not appendieulate. Costa of leaves
gen. abbreviate. — Calcareous alp. rocks r. E'Mr. Austria*: Vent.

C. Leaves us. greenish, more or less loosely disposed. Cap-
sule strangulate, not oblique.

a. Leaves obtuse: costa abbreviate. » -fs"; ^^i :i;scl „ijiiiVf*>aji*^
15.B.cyclophylluill Schwjegrichen. — Mnium Schw.; Bryum B. E.

Leaves not distinctly limbate, round-oval or broadly obovate,
loosely disposed, not distinctly decurrent, not or scarcely re-
flexed. Capsule brown-yellow; neck short. Stems not or loosely

— 358

'■J

tufted, Often long. Very r. fruiting. — W^t places prine. be-
low alps r. Eur. Sweden: R. Hartman. Finl : Brotherus. France:
Boulay. Amer. Can.: Macoun. Greenl.: Berggren.

b. Leaves gen. acute (in B. Schleicheri *laHfolium mostly ob-
tuse); costa percurrent or short-excurrent. R. fruiting. Male
flowers snbdisciform.
lO.B.turbinatum Hedwig. ' '•" ""•

Leaves indistinctly or very narrowly limbate, not imbricate
when dry, carinate; upper cells rhomboidai. Stem-leaves ovate-
lanceolate, refiexed below, gen. not decurrent. Capsule long-
necked; teeth yellow, segments paler; lid apiculate. Tufts us.
tomentose, often high. — Wet places also in alps. Eur. not
common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I France: Schimper. Eng-
land: Rogers. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun, ,»- v >^/i.:>,i
IT.B.Schleicheri Schweegrichen.

Differs from the last: Lsaves shorter, ovate-oblong concave,
gen. broadly limbate and d( current; upper cells often subrhom-
bic. Capsule larger, short-necked; segments nearly orange; lid
conic. Tufts sparingly radiculose. — Wet places in alp. region
princ. in southern districts. Eur. Switzerl., Norway! Austria:
Breidler. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
* B.latifolium Schleicher. — Mnium Schl.; Bryum Bridel. ' ^

Leaves larger, subovate gen. obtuse, often partly reddish. —
In higher alp. region r. Eur. Switzerl.I Austria: Venturi. Greece:
Heldreich. France: Husnot. Scotl.: Holt.
l8.B.grandirete Kindb. n. sp. ... .. ....*.

Leaves acute not limbate, imbricate when dry, ovate or broad-
ovate, not or scarcely acuminate, loosely disposed and short-
decurrent; cells very large: upper subrhombic; costa percurrent.
Capsules unknown. Tufts sparingly radiculose, red-brown below,
yellowish green above, not high. — In alps r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

■ K i 3. Erythrocarpa. ^-j;; v t^ * ^'»--^« '*^

A. Leaves not limbate. "' i'.l

a. Capsule strangulate turbinate. Dioe«o-ie.
19.B.K1illggraeffii Schimper. — »B. constrictum Bruchmscr.»
Husnot.

Leaves small entire, refiexed below: uppermost ovate-lance-
olate; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Tufts loose green. —
Earth and stone- walls r. Eur. Switzerl.I Germany: Milde.
Sweden: Groenwall.

b. Capsule not strangulate.

n.>

U'H

I ;

i j

.' k

354 —

Im

■ aa. Capsule thick Rhort-piriform. MonoeciouB.n^;'') ^}y^i'^iii
20.B.Sauteri Bryol. eur. - „..i. -...•

Leaves entire narrowly ovate-oblong not reflexed; costa long-
excurrent. Tufts reddish green or brownish. — Wet sand by
alp. rivulets r. Ev<'. Austria: Gander. „^ .^'

bb. Capsule gen. narrow. Dioecious ,,, . '.•r?)«jff<!.i: -;,•.,■ .Ij
21.B.erythrocarpiim Schwregrichen. ^'^ -"->— 5.f"-j. «« ^r

Leaves narrow serrulate above, reflexed below middle, often
decurrent; the uppermost with excurrent costa. Tufts yellowish
green. Often with red bud-like propagula. — Sandy places
princ. below alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Switzerl.!
Amer. »U. S »: Lesq. et Jam.

22.B.Illlirale Wilson. '^1 f fYWlry/^, ■ •.••HVf ..;>' «,*|vvvi;i< ,'iumnr,-^

Leaves ovate-oblong not reflexed gen. entire, not decurrent;
costa excurrent. Tufts yellowish green, or reddish below. —
Stone- walls and rocks in lower distr. r. Eur. Switzerl. I Greece:
Heldreich. France: Le Jolis.

B. Leaves limbate. Capsule not strangulate. Dioecious. '

a. Leaves serrulate above. Capsvile narrow, utfr'l • ,^/fo >
23.B. marginatum Bryol. eur.; Husiiot m. gall.

Leaves ovate-oblong not reflexed; costa subpercurrent. Tufts
dense brown-red. -^ Saadstone rocks r. Eur. » Germany: Bruch»:

Schimper. Ir^mn- ,'~\\,'>. ,wfJ»,L. ;;..« !)ttr;n^ii!fV ,1v

24.B.Boman8SOllii Lindberg. a a ntMii'T! .-{it. :-'fi-;in{ til

Leaves ovate-lanceolate reflexed below; costa long-excurrent.
Tufts brown loose. — Eur. r. Finl.: Bomansson, com. Brotherus.

b. Leaves nearly entire, not distinctly reflexed. Capsule
sometimes thick.

25.B.l'Uben8 Mitten; Braithwaite brit. mossfl. ^t,te ;;f'K'j:ut.ir*,jv^)
Ijcaves ovate-oval; costa excurrent. Capsule narrow; lid api-
Gulate. Tufts somewhat loose yellowish green, or reddish below.
— On ground r. Eur. »Engl.:f: Braithwaite.
26.B.micro-erythrocarpum C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves ovate-oblong; costa gen. subpercurrent. Capsule thick
piriform; lid rostellate. Tufts dense finally rufescent. — Wet
gravel near water. Amer. Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun. .,,^,44"

4. Alpiniformia.
A. Leaves distinctly limbate (at least the lower) and reflexed;
costa gen. percurrent. ^-iufA^hr. ^ritnuM^itf uih^m ,:bt»io

V a. Leaves obtusate subobtuse; the lower broadly recurved
and limbate; the uppermost not limbate and nearly flat. Cap-
sules unknown. -

■ A

'%

-- 355 —

often

lowish

places

ritzerl.!

i'li

imi

27.B.percurrentinerTe Kindh. bull, Torr. club XVII. '^ '

Leaves somewhat large, not distinctly decurrent, nearly ap-
pressed when dry; upper cells oblong-oval. Lower leaves sub-
ovate finally red; uppermost green glomerate oval or oval-oblong.
Tufts about 2 c. m. high. — Dripping rocks near a waterfall r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Leaves (at least the upper) acute, all narrowly reflexed
and limbate. ., '.nf:Mt?.-A nUuK^hl

aa. Leaf-cells red also those of the limb, vftmi-.n >;<>7*59a
28.B.h[ematophyllnni Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves very small, sc'arcely twii^ted; upper cells subrhombic.
Lower leaves oval-ovate subobtuse; uppermost suboblong acute
with short-excurrent costa. Capsule (unripe) small oblong-obovate;
lid convex hort-apiculate; pedicel thin short. Tufts about 1
c. m. high. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts and Anti-
costi: Macoun.

29.]t.anoectangiacenm C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. '""

Differs from the last: Nearly all leaves acute more distinctly
acuminate, less distinctly reflexed and limbate, less crowded
and spirally twisted when dry. Capsules unknown. Tufts
scarcely 2 c. m. high. — Rocks by torrents r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.

bb. Leaf-cells not red.' - .^«'r,.3a. Jl^n^^xls^lil^nlf Ji.Jjo

SO.B.haematocarpum C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. "'•"" • •'f-"-<; '
Leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, slightly corrugate and not or
loosely appressed when dry: thos<3 of branches distant decurrent.
Capsule blood-red not constricted; endostome orange; segments
short; cilia often indistinctly appendiculate; pedicel 2 — 5 c. m.
long. Tufts tomentose about 5 c. m. high. — Damp rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit, Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves not or indistinctly limbate,
a» Leaves gen. broadl}' recurved all
middle, not decurrent; costa us. red.
aa. Costa of leaves gen. excurrent

Bl.B.aciculiiium Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acute recurved nearly all around,
nearly appressed when dry; upper cells oblong-rhomboidal, lower
basal near co.sta deep-red numerous. Capsule brown; teeth pale.
— In alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1250 metr. a. sea;
Macoun.

bb» Costa of leaves gen. percurrent. jinof.j(j'.' .imnv.it^

around or to above

•'(

I

IJ
j

1

f '

356 --

.1 ffl;^'.

til

32.B.a1pinniifl HiKteon. 1" ' •'■ ^. 'rn^RJtfrO'nrnt'Mi.a T*>
LeAves nearly nppressed not twisted wheft dry, ub. ovBte-
oblong or ovatelanceolatQ acute and recurved to above middle;
upper cellH us. narrow. Capsule blood-red not or faintly con-
Htricted. Tufts often copper glossy. — Wet rocks, Eur. not
uncommon. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. r. »U. S. White
mts»: James. . ,, ^ ..- .-..-, >,„y

* B.meridionale Schimper.

Leaves narrower with narrow cells; the uppermost often with
short-excurrent costa. — Eur. southern distr. r. Spain, Portu-
gal: Levier. -.{f; -l-jiKivy: Mhwh vn^sV ^iit^iH'

* B.appre88um Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 66.

Capsule brown. Leaves narrow, lanceolate short-acuminate
bcute or obtuse, recurved all around, more strongly appressed
when dry, gen. not red at base; costa not red. Tufts sparingly
radiculose not glossy. - Amer. r. TJ. S. Washington: Roell.

B.geniiiiiparnm Not&ris.

Ufit'>-i(>n

Leaves us. green and not glossy, sublimbate oy one row of
narrower cells, less recurved and less appressed, gen. subobtuse:
uppermost often denticulate near apex; costa not red. Capsule
red-brown. Very r. fruiting. — Wet rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.l
Italy: Bottini. Belgium: Delogne.

BS.B.Mnehlenbeckii Br. eur. — B. alpinum var. brevifolium
Myrir; B. brevifolium Lindb.; B rubicundulum C. M. etKindb. I.e.

Differs from B. alpinum: Ijcaves gen. euboblong obtusate or

pbtuse, often recurved nearly all around; upper cells more dilated.

vljapsule sometimes brown (but often blood-red). Tufts not

glossy. — Dripping rocks. Eur. less r. Norway! Sweden: Ar-

nelli*' P. OlsBon. Switzerl.: Culraann. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun;

Waghorne.

34.B.Raul Austin. , ..,,,..v...,v •.,...,.., ......

Leaves very much twisted when dry, subovate broadly ob-
tusate subobtuse, strongly recurved all around; cells subrhombic,
the lowest near base deep-red numerous; costa r. but shortly
excurrent. Capsule pale brown subclavate strangulate; neck
longer. Tufts very tomentose, green above, not glossy. — Wet
rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun Canad. musci n. 480.

b. Leaves not or slightly reflexed.
' aa. Leaves small and green, more or less twisted when dry.
35.B.flag8ll08um Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves gen. ovate; cells subrhombic; costa sometimes short-
excurrent. Uppermost leaves and those of tlagelliform shoots

— 357 —

ovRte-

liddle;

|y con-

ir, not

White

ovate-oblong. Capsule brown obi ong-piri form faintly constricted,
smaller and shorter than in the last; neck short. Tufte dense
tomentose. Habit of B. ciespiticium. — Amer, r. Can. Rocky
mts: Macoun.

bb. Leaves not twisted, more or less strongly appressed
when dry, large and mostly reddish.. ,,■',, :,;•^v * .., ,•;•,,) rrxw
36.B.Mildei Jm-atzka.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong acute sometimes denticulate near
apex; cells oblong-rhomboidal; costa green or brown-yellow not
r. short-excurrent. Capsule ceddish yellow finally brown. Tufts
green us. silky or golden glossy, often very large. Very r. frui-
ting. — Earth and stones r. Eur. Switzerl!; Philibert. Belgium:
Roemor.
37.B.Aiwateri«e C. Mueller. <• .■■■■■-' •

Leaves gen. arrounded at apex, not r. shortdecurrent; lower
cells red; costa not excurrent, finally crimson-red. Stem-leaves
Buboblong; cells oblong-lanceolate. Branch-leaves crimson-red
gen, suboval with oblong-oval cells, sometimes narrower with
narrower cells. Capsule us. red, not strangulate. Tufts 3—5
c. m. high, us. red not glossy. — Wet rocks r. Amer. princ.
in Pacif. distr.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
38.B.lliilliatuiii Lesquereux.

Differs from the last: Leaves not decurrent, often green or brown;
cells suboblong; costa green or at base red. Capsule smaller.
— Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1300 metr. a. sea; N.
Foundl: Waghorne. ^ :> ii*msitii,<>j

39,B.capitellatuui C. M, et Kindb. 1. c.

Uppermost leaves suboblong subacute not arrounded at apex;
cells somewhat narrow; costa green percurrent. Lowest leaves
small oval round-obtuse distant finally reddish; costa red not
percurrent. Tufts low golden glossy above or green. Capsules
unknown. — Wet rocks near Pacific sea r. Amer. Can. Vane,
isl.: Macoun.
40.B.COrsicuill Kindb. n. sp. in litt. ad Levier. ? «?

Leaves flaccid pale red entire subobtuse, not distinctly reflexed,
not densely appressed when dry; upper cells wide, the others,
somewhat narrow; costa pale red or yellowish not excurrent.
Stem-leaves crowded ovate-oblong; branch-leaves suboblong di-
stant decurrent. Capsules unknown. Tufts high. — Eur. r.
Corsica: E, Levier. . ' .'jfinm v'J>«oui r'fijj

5. Trichophora. vjcf vr^^/ , uiwiu ofrm

A. Leaves distinctly limbate. :i .-uhlli ttjim.vvy lu

i i

.f

s

i

Pi

- 358 —

a. Leaves, princ. the lower of pterm, gon. Bublingulnte with
long narrow base, ub. obtusate; basal short-rectangular, upper
rhomboidal. Us. dioecious.

41.B.capillare L. * fiiu.>cl^ «; <i

Leaves gen. broad-linibato nearly entire and crowded, twinted
when dry, us. green; limb us. yellowish. Capsule us. red-brown.
— On dry stones and old roofs priu'-. in lower districts. Eur,
common. Sweden, Germany, Svvitzerl. Amer. »U. S.»: Lepq.
et Jam.

* B.torque8Cen8 Bruch. 17 <i..tl)i:>rt ^iiliMfiiij- jif^iif; 1,;.. ruisU .(

Leaves dark-green or brownish, more acuminate. Capsule
dark brown. Sometimes synoecious or monoecious. — Eur. r.
Germany, Switzerl.I France: Philibert. Engl : Holt. Greece:
Orphanides. »Am(?r.»: Lesq. et Jam..
* B.restitutum Notaris. 'oii /.iqaiu j.r:»hi('nrnn .<(^^ ^r^viixl

Leaves finally brown-red, entire obtuse; limb brown. Capsule
dark brown. — Eur. r. Switzerl. near Luganol » Italy near
Como»: Notaris.
* B.ruraliforme Kindb. n. subsp. s,<r. «i,^«,7fir> .ii... ,

Leaves brown-red strongly dentate subacute; limb brown.
Shoot-leaves sometimes decurrent. Capsules unknown. Habit
of Barbula ruralis. — A7ner. r. Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun 1893.

* B.erythroloina Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves purplish red acute nearly entire; limb rose-red. —
Amer, r. Can. Vane, it^l.: Macoun 1892. .>hK .t i^rf'ioi t-v;?/ ^-
*B.Hai8tii Schimper. ■ .^>m'*d^,.oW''r.if>/f.r.,'^l

»Leaves small entire finally red; awn reddish. — Stone-walls r.*
Eur. Switzerl. »: Schimper.
42.B.speiropfay1hlin Kindb. bull. soc. bot. ital. 1895. ^ "'■'-^'^

Differs from B. capillare: Leaves narrowly limbate distant
decurrent gen. entire, flaccid when moist, corrugate not twisted
when dry. — Moist rocks. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun.

b. Leaves, princ. those of stem, subovate-lanceolate with
not or slightly narrowed base, often acuminate, not or slightly
twisted Vv'hen dry; basal cells short-rectangular, upper rhom-
boidal. Dioecious, f^^^^' •' i"/^ •»? «^...t.^ ,,,. i^^.. .^y,.. ..^.t..'*
43.B.Doiiii Greville.

Leaves nearly crowded and not decurrent, us. denticulate
and broadly limbate. Upper shoot-leaves often rosulate. Cap-
sule often very large. Tufts green or brown. — Dry stones
in warmer distr. r. Eur. Italy: Levier; Arcangsli. Greece:

— 369 —

with
upper

— Amer.

Ilnldreich. France: Corhirre. Amer. I'acif. dintr. Can.: Ma(!Oiin.
U. \^.\ MarHhall A. Howe; Koell. . .

* B.obconiciini HornKchuch. •"' —'.. '

Leavew nearly entire not rosulate. CnpHulo Iohh largti. —
Walls and nandBtone roolcH r. Ear, Switzcrl.! Engl.: Curnow,
com. Holt. Amer. Can, Pacif. distr.: Macoiin . -'

* It.floridanain Renauld et Cardot. '

» Leaves shorter, narrower limbate not recurved,
r. U. S.»: Cardot. '?'* "'•' H' : -'i,t;.i fii.t/<T .;ijtnl k-'U
44.B.8quarrosniii Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. (56.

Fruiting stem very short; leaves crowded denticulate, less
distinctly limbate. Leaves of sterile stems (sho(jts) broadly
limbate gen. denticulate, distant deourrent spreading also when
dry. Capsule not large. Tufts reddish brown. — Amer. r.
U. S. Oregon near Astoria: Roell. ^'^ • /.j. i mw

C. Leaves short narrowly limbate. Tufts low and dense.
Dioecious.

aa. Leaves imbricjite somewhat large, very concave, Jii.>r-;if)
45.B.eleganN Esenbeck. il'-ori ;; iM •^)ff,>o-^^:>\y_ '/-MiSil \'.'ui<}0

Leaves subobovate not or indistinctly recurved, only the
upper limbate denticulate; cells subrhombic. Capsule large.
Tufts green or finally reddish. — Calcareous rocks princ. In
alps r. Eur. Switzerl. in alp. region!

b. Leaves small us. not imbricate; cells gen. oblong-rhombic.
46.B.oregamim SuUivant; Lesq. et Jam. ■■ i>>i,'.n ■, ov.^.-. »

Leaves twisted: lower few very small; upper glomerate sub-
ovate abruptly acuminate, sometimes recurved. Tufts brown
or finally reddish, very low. — Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
47.B.8treptoi)hylhiiii Kindb. n. sp. a ; ^i fmnHHuit/.HB'nM "^

Differs from the last: All leaves crowded nearly uniform:
upper not larger and not recurved, very concave. Tufts green
finally brown, less low. Capsules unknown. — Amer. r. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.
48.B.trichophoniin Kindb. n. sp. 'li'i' "- >>m, -.v.! vtm

Leaves obtusate appressed neither recurved nor twisted: lower
distant linear-oblong acute, upper crowded suboval. Tufts green.
Capsules unknown. — Amer. r. Can. Vane. isl. near sea: Ma-
coun 1893.

B. Leaves not distinctly limbate. a^/ .fvji.-rrr ?^ wni?

a. Leaves, princ. the loAver of stem, gen. sublingulate with
long narrow base, as in B. capillare, us. twisted and crowded.
Dioecious

|m

''. 'I

'!.•'

— 360 —

na. liBavcs not deourrent; cells large. . .'t ,■ r.*, n

4U.]i.|{ender§onI Ronauld et Cardot.

Leaves large Btrongly dentate and recurved, twisted; awn
short often dentate; upper dhoot-leaves rosulate, CapHule large.
Tufts green soraewhat high. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can. Vane. isl. Macoun 1887 and 1893. U. 8. Oregon: Hen-
derson, coin. Cardot.
50.B.8awyerl Renauld et Cardot. .ur •> u

Leaves less large nearly entire not recurved, twisted. Cap-
sule less large. Tufts green. — Logs and rocks r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun, U. S.: Sawyer, com. Cardot.
Sl.B.sanguilentuni Renauld et Cardot. ' .' :> —m

Leaves not large, recurved and nearly entire, not twisted.
Capsule red not lai'ge. — Logs r. Amer. U. S. Calif.: M. A. Howe.

bb. Leaves decurrent; cells soraewhat small. , - . •

52.B.gemmA8cen8 Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves small twisted entire not recurved: lower and middle
distant short-decurrent narrowly sublingulate aciiminate acute;
comal leaves glomerate to a broadly clavate bud, suboval
Bubobtuse. Tufts green. Capsules unknown. — Stones near
sea. Amer. Can. Vane, isl: Macoun 1893.

b. Leaves, princ. those of stem, subovate-lanceolate, as in
B. Donii.
53.B.proviiiciale Philibert. : hni k».i .MriUutvt '^av>^,1 *\

Leaves crowded scarcely or not twisted, us. denticulate. Cap-
sule often lees large than in B. capillare. Tufts dense us.
brown. Sometimes synoecious. — Calcareous soil r. Eur. France:
Philibert. Greece: Heldreioh.

* B.crassirameum Renauld et Cardot. msiH ?iUfor<rr-t;U!.Vi

: Leaves green entire more recurved. Tufts loose. — Amer.

r. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot. . .

54.B.extenuatlini Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves distant nearly entire gen. long-decurrent, twisted when
dry. Tufts green not dense. — Logs and rocks r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

C. Leaves shor^, as in B. elegans, not recurved; cells sub-
rhombic. Dioeciouti.

aa. Leaves twisted when dry, not densely crowded. Cap-
sules unknown. "" .-i*! if
55.B.8tirtoiii Schimper; Braithwaite. -fwii^^i^n-Ktr-^t

Leaves broadly subovate nearly entire Bubdecurrent not large,!
Tufts green. — Eur. r. Switzerl.l »Scotl.»: Braithw , vl

.p,.

; awn

large.

distr.

Hen-

<i •

Cap-
Can.:

i

I ■ \ 1 1 ■

— 3«1 —

Sn.Tt.tomontosiini Kiiidb. n. h\). ,' » f ,.,,>,.,';*

LcavoH Hul)()vute nearly gradually acnininato, entire docnrront
Bmall. Tiil't.H brown and very tomentose below, j^reen above,
deiiKe and not low. — Amer. r. Can. Rocky nitM: Maeoun 1890.

bb. Leavew not diHtinetly twJKted, nearly apprcHned wben dry.
r)7.1J.het<'roiieuroii C. M. et Kindb. eat. Oan, ni. . ' -

JjeaveH Hnboval or Hnbobovate often obtuRe, entire or faintly
dentienlate, crowded and not lar^e; awn Hometinies wantinj^.
('apsnle less large than in li. capillure. Tufts uh. rcddinb, !iot
h'liih; HliootH clavate. — HockH and roadHJ''«^8 r. Amer. Can.
Brit. ('ol. and Vane. ibI.: Maconn. ' ' ' .- '''<■>

r)8.U.cariiiiliiacuiii Bryol. en-.

Leaven KubobtuK(! coehlearifonn ^en. not large: lower entire
Hubobovate not crowded, upper ovate-oval uk. denticulate. Tufts
l)rown with green tops uh. very high. Capsules not seen. —
Moist rocks princ. in alps r. Eur. Switzerl.l Austria: Hreidler,
com. Warnstorf. - . > ";;;.'>.

* B.spi^liigeiiso Kindb. n, subsp.

Leaves larger, flaccid and not (ioehleariform: upper subobo-
vate, middle sliort-decurrent; cells larger; awn sometimes indi-
stinct. Capsules unknown. — Rocks in higlier alp. region r.
Eur. Switzerl. near Spluegen 1500 metr. a seal ,..-,'« .i*»/
59.B.Fercholii Funok.

Leaves small suboval-ovate subobtuse entire or faintly denti-
culate, gen. crowded and not decurrent; awn us. short. Cap-
sule smaller than in B. elegans; lid manniiate. Tufts brown-
green us. low. — Rocks princ. in alps, r. Eur. Norway, Swit-
zerl.l Amer. »U. H.»: Cardot.
*U.suecicum Kindb. n. subsp. ' ' ■ ' " *

Leaves gen. distant decurrent entire; awn long Hexuous. Cap-
sules not seen. Tufts brown below, dark green above, about
4 c. m. high. — Moist ]>lace8 r. Eur. Sweden Aongermanl. on
the shore of a lake: H. W. Arnell.

<d

., * . . ■, 6. Bimiformia. • . 'mv i-'-, tu

A. Leaves distinctly decurrent, not (or slightly near base)
refiexed, gen. broadly limbate; costa gen. percurrent. Dioecious.
GO.B.neodamonse Itzigsohn.

Leaves suboblong obtusate us. obtuse cucuUate. Tufts us.
brown-green. K. fruiting. — Swamps and rivulets. Eur. not
common. Norway! Sweden; Lindberg. Spetsbergen: Berggren.'
Engl.: Rogers. Spain: Husnot. .- >-. ..w... ....;,.,...,,;,.

84

II

(

'

ii

'v'v'*i'iit'f-

— E62

-»\i

concave and large; the uppeririost
high. — Eur. r. Norwayl Austria:

1- Vt'r^

\ r
-*

*B.ovatuiil Juratzka.

Leaves oval-ovate more
acuminate. Tufts green 't^.
Breidler. Finl.: Brotherus.
ei.B.denticulatuiii Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII. »4-:

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate acute, distantly denticu-
late above to middle. CapBules unknown. — Springs and
bogs r. Amer. Can. Cypress hills: Macoun.
02.B.hydrophilum Kindb, bull, Torr. club XVII. .^ £i >- .j.i.)

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate av'juminate acute nearly
entire. Capsules unknown. — Wet springy places r. Amer.
Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun.

B. Leaves decurrent, recurved nearly all around, acuminate
acute.

a. Costa of leaves long-excurrent. Capsule narrow stran-
gulate; neck us. long; teeth yellow; segments fenestrate.
63.B.affiue Bruch. — Webera Bruch; Bryum Lindb.; B. cuspi-
datum Schimper.

Leaves gen. ovatv -lanceolate and not broadly yellowish lim-
bate, denticulate near apex, short-decurrent not or slightly twi-
sted. Peristomial teeth pale. Stem not
long. Habit of B. pallescens. Synoecious.
rocks r. Eur. Norway! France: Renauld.
Spain near Valencia: Dieck, com. Roell.
64.B.re7elstokeilse Kindb. revue bryol. 1896. i-i-rm^.. .'jfyi^i

Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-acuminete entire with pale not
broad limb, much twisted when dry, short-decurrent exc. the
uppermost glomerate. Pedicel very long. Tufts green tomen-
tose 1 — 2 c. m. high. Dioecious. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun. / -^;:;r ^ .i- - ^- o*j;ii

b. Costa of leaves not or shortly excurrent. Tufts us. high
and tomentose, sometimes red. .... ,. , ,., ... . .
65.B.biii]Uir> Schreber.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong and denticulate near apex; limb
broad yellowish. Perichetial leaves with not excurrent costa.
Capsule brown not oblique; neck shorter; teeth pale. Synoecious.
— Swamps and wet rocks not uncommon. Eur. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Schrader, com. CM.
GB.B.leucolomatuni C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves as in the last; limb pale. Perichetial leaves with
excurrent costa. Capsule as in the last. Stem very high.
Synoecious. — Marshes r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. <s*

high. Pedicel not

— Stonewalls and

S.vedsn; Groenwall.

t »1

1. il'

most
istria:

high

— 363 —

GT.B.Tentricosum Dickson. — B. pHeudotriquetrum Sohwfegr.
Leaves as in B, bimum. Capsule brown sometimes slightly
oblique; neck often long; teeth yellow. Dioecious. Very variable.
— Wet places common also in alps. Eur. 'Sweden etc.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

* B.bimoideuni Notaris. — »Len,veB nearly imbricate suberect;
costa longer-excurrent. Lid of capsule long-apiculate. — Eur.
r. Switzerl.»: Limpricht. . m ;..,, ,,,i, > , ij^^ i. ,-;

'^ B.hyalodontium C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Capsule pale brown not oblique; teeth pale hyaline. — Wet
rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
68.B.Reyeri Breidler. ^'"' f= '' -

Differs from B. ventricosum: » Leaves longer finally reddish,
narrowly limbate and nearly entire. Capsules unknown. —
Dripping alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria: Breidler »: Limpricht.

C. Leaves not decurrent, broadly limbate and recurved gen.
entire; costa excurrent.

a. Capsule strangulate with wide mouth. Tufts dense. *
69.B.palle8Cens Schleicher.

Leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate, twisted when dry. Capsule pale
brown or yellowish us. subclavate and not pendent when young;
teeth pale. Tufts us. 2 — 3 c. m. high, often green. Often
monoecious. — Earth a'^d rocks also in alps, princ. the nor-
thern. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer.
Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Macoun.

* B.COiitextum Hoppe et Hornschuch, '"'^^ ' -■ =*'^ ' -^

Leaves short-acuminate smaller. Capsule thicker and more
distinctly strangulate; pedicel often only 1 c. m. long. Tufts
brown-green often much higher. — Rocks princ. in alps. Eur.
Norway!
70.B.cirratum Hoppe et Hornschuch. "'' ;.( -

Leaves gen. ovate or ovate-oblong, not or slightly curled.
Capsule brown somewhat thick and pendent; teeth pale. Tufts
green us. about 1 c. m. high and less com])act than in the
last. Si)ore8 in some alpine forms somewhat large. Us. synoe-
cious. — On earth princ. on old roads in alps. Eur. not r.
Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* B.syspliiuctum Limpricht. ^ t-

Leaves denticulate near apex; costa shortexcurrent. Capsule
smaller thicker and more constricted with shorter neck. Some-
times monoecious. — In alps r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin.

b. Capsule small-mouthed not constricted. ' •■'''''

■■ ]

E

!(l

^<--„..*-u

t :

— 364 -

7 1 .B.subglobosnm Schliephacke.

»Leaves ovate-oblong not twisted; costa long-excurrent. Cap-
sule subglol)08e- piriform; neck short; lid mamillate; teeth brown-
yellow. Tufts dusky green less than 1 era. high. Synoecious
or polygamous. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Switzerl..: Gncf»: Lim-

* B-Baenitzii C. Mueller.

Capsule oval-oblong finally piriform. Uppermost leaves sub-
lanceolate. Tufts about 1 c. m. high, — Arctic distr. r. Eur.
Norway: Ptenitz, com. E. Adlerz. . ;<« i.i. fw^. .-vk^vi,,- <

72.B.LisaB Notaris.

» Leaves oblong-lanceolate appressod when dry; costa long-
excurrent. Capsule ovoid; neck scarcely shorter; lid mamillate;
teeth brown-yellow. Tufts brownish loose about 1 c. m. high.
Synoecious. — On mountains r. Eur. Italy: Lisa»: Limpricht.
, , 7. Caespiticia. ,,,

A. Leaves distinctly limbate. Spores about or nearly 0,02
m. m.

a. Fertile stem nearly indistinct with glomerate leaves.
Sterile shoots elongate julaceous. Dioecious. -,.Hi
73.B.Jackii C. Mueller. ^^.■,yj,vr,:'Vf|i-r '-*: ;w:'|y.v .-d,'-' u

• Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate, denticulate near apex,
strongly recurved; costa long-excurrent. Capsule oval or sub-
cylindric; lid blackish red. Tufts dense 3 c. m. high. — Alp.
region r. Eur. Austria: Jack»: Limpricht. ■ •

b. Stem us. distinct; shoots not julaceous. Synoecious. "
74.B.8tenotrichuin C. Mueller.

»Leaves small from broad-ovate base somewhat long-acumi-
nate reflexed to acumen; costa long-excurrent. Capsule small
suboblong; neck short; teeth short; cilia rudimentary; pedicel
about 3 c. m. long. Tufts low. Fertile stem short with some-
what short shoots. Habic of B. ccespiticium, — Arctic distr.
r. Amer. Alaska: Krause»: C. M. in Flora 1887. ., . ^, ,

75.B.producticolle Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate reJexed; costa long-excurrent. Cap-
sule narrow strangulate; neck long not curved; lid low short-
apiculate; cilia long-appendiculate. Tufts about 1 c. m. high.
Spores scarcely 0,02 m. m. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Vane, isl.:
Macoun 1893.
76.B.nia nilligerum Kindb. cat. Canad. m. -^

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong not distinctly reflexed; costa
long-excurrent. Capsule narrow not strangulate; neck long cur-

365 —

Cap-
fown-
Bcious

Litn-

sub-
Eur.

ved; lid low mamillate. Tnfts 1—2 c. m. high. Fruiting stem
1—2 m. m. high. Spores larger than in the last, — Damp
rooks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mte: Macoun.
77.B.fuscum Lindberg.

»Leaves ovate-lanceolate reflexed, denticulate above; costa
phort-excurrent. Capsule narrow faintly constricted; neck as
long; lid short-conic; cilia long-appendiculate. Tufts about 1 c. m.
high. Spores about 0,02 m. m. — Wet sand r. Eur. Finl.:
Lindberg»: Limpricht. 'c i^ws.;- »*

B. Leaves not distinctly limbate.

Qt Shoots julaceous. Leaves not or near base slightly re-
flexed. Dioecious.
78.B.Fiincltil Schw^grichen. •- ' J.-^n^U4 -•rf^^K?^^-: 't

Leaves subovate very short-acuminate; upper cells dilated;
costa short-excurrent. Capsule narrow strangulate; lid mamil-
late. Tufts loose very low, Spores sometimes about 0,02 m. m.,
often smaller. — Sand or gravel princ. in southern distr. Eur.
not r. Sweden: R, Hartman; J. Pereson. ff ; : n < ii-?..*. >
79.B.Kunzei Hornschuch.

Leaves smaller nearly pellucid: those of stem suboblong;
shoot-leaves broad-ovate longer acuminate; upper cells narrow;
costa long-excurrent. Capsule narrow or subpiriform strangu-
late; lid mamillate. Tufts compact about 2 c. m. or higher.
Spores about 0,01 m. m. — Dry earth also in alps r. Eur.
Norway!
SO.B.occidentale SuUivant.

Leaves Bmall oval or suboblong often decurrent; upper cells
narrow; costa short-excurrent. Capsule oblong vvide-mouthed;
lid npiculate. Tufts tomentosc about 1 c. m. high. — Amer.
r. U. S. Montana: Roell.

b. Shoots not distinctly julaceous. Spores small about 0,01
m. m. Usuallv dioecious. Capsule us. narrow.
Sl.B.eiPspiticiiiiii L. )

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or shorter, us. recurved all
around; costa us. long-excurrent. Capsule strangulate us. yello-
wish brown; lid us. mamillate. Tufts abou; 2 c. m. high or
lower. -- Earth and rocks common. Eur. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.l Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Schrader, com. C. M.
*B.badinni Bruch.

Caiisnle reddish brown; lid apiculate. Leaves subiimbate.
Tufts loose. — Humid earth r. Eur. Austria: Breidler. Switzerl.:
Pfeffer, com. Arnell.

li

I

». ■>.

r

■^'

— 366 —

Jin,

* B.comense Scliimper.

Leavep somewhat small, often slightly reflexed. Shoots some-
times subjulaceous. — Earth and walls r, Eur. Switzerl.I;
Philibert. *>.-.j/ih »; J> ^r

* B.oligochloron C. M. et Kindb. 1. c. ,,

Leaves not or indistinctly reflexed, erect when moist. Shoots
subjulaceous. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

* B.pseudo-Kunzei Limprieht. .',;.. .^^vi >.,.,,.*■„,?):. •.:!

» Leaves ovate-oblong gen. not recurved; costa short-excurrent.
Tuftb about 1 cm. high. Synoecious. — In alp. region r.

Eur. Switzerl.: Culmann*: Limprieht. .,

82.B.microceplialum C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from B. ccespiticium: Leaves narrower, lanceolate very
long-acuminate; cells longer very narrow. Stem long proliferous
with numerous small male budd. Capsules unknown. — Rocks
r. Amer. Can. Brit, Col.: Macoun.
83.B.TancouTeriease Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong reflexed below; cells smaller
than in B. ccespiticium', costa denticulate above, sometimes short-
excurrent. Capsule pale brown not constricted; lid low mamil-
late; pedicel about 5 — 6 c. m. long. Fruiting stem very short.

— Wet earth in woods r. Amer. Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun.

c. Shoots not julaceous. Spores about 0,02 m. m. Us.
synoecious. Capsule us. not strangulate (exc, B. Culmannii).

aa. Capsule narrow.
84.B.intermediuili Ludwig. — Mnium Ludw.; Bryum Bride] .

Capsule not strangulate; neck us. long often curved; lid acute;
cilia short-appendiculate. Leaves reflexed narrowly ovate-oblong.
Tufts green 1 — 2 c. m. high. — On earth princ. below alps.
Eur. not r. bweden, Norway, Switzerl.! France: Boulay. Am.er.
Can.: Macoun. . , ..; - ,.

85.B.clatliratani Amann; Limprieht.

» Capsule not strangulate; neck shorter often curved; lid low
mamillate; cilia long-appendiculate. Leaves oval-oblong strongly
recurved all around. Tufts brown-green about 1 c m. high.

— Wet places in alp. region r. Eur. Switzerl.: Amann»: Limprieht.
86.B.Cuiiuannii Limprieht.

»Cap8ule strangulate longer than the not curved neck; lid
acute; cilia long-appendiculate. Leaves subovate, the upper
recurved. Tufts bright green 2 — 4 c. m. high not tomentose.

— In higher alp. region. Eur. Switzerl.: Culmann»: Limprieht,

■

loots
Brit.

— 367 —

bb. Capsule short thick gen. not distinctly constricted, r ;
87.B.synoico-C8Bspiticinm C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Capsule large oval or obovate pendent; neck short; lid low
mamillate; cilia appendiculate; pedicel geniculate below middle,
arcuate at apex, 5 — 8 c. m. long. Leaves ovate- or ovate-
oblong reflexed; costa long-excurrent, often denticulate above.
Tufts about 1 c. m. high, radiculose only at base. — Gravel
in alps r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. : .pv. .;.',!. .ui,;*
88.B.loilchocaulon C. Mueller.

» Leaves ' inj'U reflexed all around, ovate-lanceolate subdecur-
rent; cells pellucid. Capsule small oval; cilia appendiculate,
pedicel about 3 c. m. long. Stems subjulaceous elongate ra-
diculose. Resembles somewhat B. bimum but more slender.
— Amer. r. U. S. Colorado»: C. M. in Flora 1875. .. .,
89.B.dovrense Schimper.

» Leaves ovate suddenly short-acuminate indistinctly limbate
faintly reflexed. Capsule oval-ovate yellowish; neck short; seg-
ments hyaline adhering to the yellowish teeth; cilia rudimen-
tary; spores scarcely 0,02 m. m. Stem about 2 c. m., pedicel
1 c. m. long. Tufts tomentose green above. — Wet turfy
soil in alps r. Eur. Norway near Kongswold in Dovrefjeld:
Lorentz»: Schimper syn. - .:*' ^ ^ii^ii.A>:l'>~«,r.v^s^ '.'^^

90.B.caDspiticiiforme Notaris.

»Leaves subovate reflexed in lower half, limbate in upper
part. Capsule subpiriform small-mouthed; neck not long; lid
low. mamillate; teeth brown-yellow; cilia not appendiculate; pe-
dicel 1 c. m. long, stem not longer. Tufts tomentose yello-
wisli green. Monoecious. — In higher alp. region r. Eur. Swit-
zerl.: Carestia»: Limprieht.

8. Gemmiformia.

A. Leaves not distinctly reflexed at borders, gen. not lim-
bate. ■■-'• vn.:'.:-' '-•- . ' ■: -^' '-' '■ ■'

Ol.B.snbrotunduin Bridel.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate acute gen. small; costa
short-excurrent. Capsule pale brown oval or subglobose, with
thick or indistinct neck; teeth yellow; segments long, gaping
or fenestrate; cilia short r. appendiculate; lid small mamillate.
Spores nearly 0,02 ra. m. Us. monoecious. — Stony ground
in al{)s and arctic districts r. Eur. Norway!; R. Hartman.
Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen. Can.: Macoun.
* B.turfaceum Kindb. in Botan. notiser 1896. i; :/i

Leaves larger, sometimes narrowly limbate; costa gen. sub-

J

I

.1

— 368

I!

percurrent. Cnpsule larger, brown, more distinctly necked and
faintly constricted when dry; cilia very Bhort mostly wanting.
Spores Bmaller. Stem more distinct. Dioecious. — Turfy soil
in higher subalp. region r. Etir. Norway near Kongswold!
92.B.geTniiiiilig'oruin Kindb. n. sp. ., ,X':>ay "<i'- i^Hur iw

Leaves subovate obtusate small: those of shoots broader,
obtuse; costa long-excurrent. Capsule brown oblong or obovate
with short thick neck, distinctly constricted when dry, not
large; teeth yellow; segments long fenestrate; cilia long appen-
diculate; lid large apiculate or mamillate. Spores about 0,01
m. m. Monoecious or dioecious. — Amer. r. Can. Assa: Ma-

coun, ... J

93.B.subgemmuligerum Kindb. n. sp. ' ' '

Leaves subovate short-acuminate acute distinctly limbate
somewhat small; costa short-excurrent. Capsule pale brown
suboblong strangulate not large; neck distinct longish; segments
entire; cilia long and long-appendiculate; lid mamillate not
small; pedicel about 2 cm. long. Spores gon. 0,02 m. m.
Dioecious. — Sandy ground in subalp. districts r. Eur. Norway
in Foldal near L. Elvedal 18971 &>i -iiini ^^n^t ,({i -.ic*:^ ,1

B. Leaves distinctly reflexed and limbate. Hipsx m-'lm^
94.B microstegium Bryol. eur.

Leaves narrowly ovate lanceolate long-acuminate acute, reflexed
often all around, not large; costa long excurrent. Capsule pale
brown suboblong with long and distinct neck, not large; teeth
pale; segments long fenestrate; cilia long appendiculate; lid
small apiculate. Spores nearly 0,02 m. m. Us. synoecious.
— Dry earth in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway!
95.B.subniicrosfeirium Kindb. in Botan. notlser 1896.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute gen.
long-acuminate, reflexed all around and distinctly limbate (at
least the upper of fruiting stem), not large; costa long-excur-
rent. Capsule pale brown oval-oblong short-necked gen. small;
teeth yellowish; segments fenestrate shorter than basal mem-
brane; cilia long appendiculate; lid small mamillate. Spores
about 0,01 m. m. Dioecious or monoecious. — On earth in
higher subalp. region r. Eur. Norway Tronfjeld and near Kongs-
wold by Goverlivandl , ..^ _. ,^

96.B.acutiuscii1uin C. Mueller. ♦

>> Leaves oblong acuminate; costa short-excurrent. Capsule
oval-piriform with somewhat long curved neck, minute; teeth
brownish; segments not perforated; cilia long, short-appendicu-

'^^

RH9 —

Unf

late above; lid ^^mnll snbnmte. Dinonioii,'.. Habit of B. suhro-
ttindmn. — Rocks in arctic district.- r. Amer. Alaska: Krause*:
C. M. in Flora 1887.

II Paoh_ylophiis Kindb. ^^//.a;.,!

1. Argonteiformia
A. Leaves gen. obtnsatc; co.-ita (exc. B. nitiduhm) not ex-
current.

a. Leaves sparingly cliloropbyllose, silver-glossy, not reflexed,
not r. with hairpoint. Tufts low. .nvw 'v)f. '\
97.1{.argenteiiiii L. a

Leaves subovate often apiculate; costa subhyaline not or r.
confluent with hair])oint. Capsule oval-oblong strangulate blood-
red or pale red. — Bare earth, stones and roofs. Eur. com-
mon. Sweden etcl Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Langlois,
com. Cardot.

b. Leaves distinctly chlorophyllose, not reflexed. Capsules
unknown.

98.B.veroiieiise Notaris. — Argyrobryum virescens Kindb.
Laubni. S. u. N. ../'.'■.••

Leaves broad-ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, reddish at base;
cells rhombic shorter than in B. arge,iteum] costa yellow abbre-
viate. Branches subclavate pale green. Tufts sometimes 2 — 3
c. m. high. — In water on stones and sand r. Eur. Norway);
Kaurin. Amer. Labrador: Vv'aghorne. «i)n.et?vr.H *» '^

C. Leaves chlorophvllose, more or less reflexed.
^O.B.BIindii Br. cur. '— B. Kia^rii Lindb.

Leaves oval-oblf)ng subobtuse: only uppermost (narrowly)
reflexed. Capsule blood-red obovate; cilia sometimes not appen-
diculate. Dioecious. — Wet sand princ. by rivers, r. on rocks,
r. Eur. Norway!; F. Kiffir. France: Boulay. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.
* B.obloni^^uiu Lhidberg.

Leaves more obtuse. Capsule sometimes subobloiig. — Wet
sand r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin. Finl.; Brotherus. «

lOO.B.teres Lindberg.

Leaves l)road-ovate obtuse: only uppermost apiculate and
reflexed. Capsule pale brown suboblong; cilia api)endiculate;
pedicel al)out 1 c. m. long. Resembles somewhat B. calophyl-
lum. — Arctic district r. Eur. Spetsbergen: Berggron. -

lOl.B.bulbifolillin Lindberg.

» Leaves ovate obtuse with deflexed point: only uppermost
reflexed. Capsule brown- red obovate; cilia appendiculate. ytem

Hi

Wl

•fSSm

— 370 —

nearly indistinct with gemmiform phoots. Synoecious, — Arctic
district r. Eur. liapland; Norrlin»: Lindberg,
102.B.nitidultilll l^indberg.

Leaves subovate subobtuse, narrowly limbate, recurved all
around; costa sometimes short-excurrent. Capsule obovate pale
yellow or brown. Stem short; shoots subgemmiform with
somewhat loosely disposed leaves. Synoecious or monoecious.

— Northern, princ. arctic districts r. — Eur. Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Norway: Kaurin. Amer. Greenl.; Vanhoeffen.

B. Leaves short-acuminate; costa, at least in uppermost
leaves, excurrent. Capsule not or indistinctly constricted below
mouth.
103 B.atropnrpureum Wahlenberg. >.r ,.f..,. ■<.-. r.w

Leaves subovate gradually acuminate, reflexed below; upper
shoot-leaves glomevnte. Capsule blood-red suboval; teeth yello-
wish or pale red; ;ilia appendiculate. Tufts small pale green
0,5 — 1 c. m. high, often with gemmiform propagula. Dioe-
cious. — Sandy earth and stonewalls. Eur. not uncommon.
Sweden, Germany! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. * vH '1 .H iimrnf. {

* B.califomicum Sullivant.

Leaves faintly reflexed. Capsule red oblong. » Cilia not
appendiculate »: Lesq. et Jam. — Amer. r. U. S.: Bol£ender,
com. Cardot.
"^ B.arenarium Juratzka.- ...:--yi^s::.''^ :'\-\!^t:^nM-l^ :'M<iU ^ , -^r;{f«,:ii

» Leaves shorter, less reflexed; cells shorter. Capsule red-
brown. — Sometimes inundated places r. Eur. Austria: Juratzka»:
Limpricht.
104.B,Garovaglii Notaris. ' ^ - -' •• • :■•>..:

»Leave8 subovate short-acuminate, gen. not reflexed; costa
Fcarcely excurrent. Capsule chestnut-brown broad-oval; teeth
brown-yellow; cilia appendiculate. Tufts small dusky green,
scarcely 1 c. m. high. Synoecious. Habit of B. atropurpureum.

— Alp. districts r. Eur. Italy: Garovaglio»: Limpricht.

* B.confertum Limpricht. ; J«".;'u

»Iieaves broader, those of shoots obtuse. Tufts very dense,
pale green above, 2—2,5 c. m. high. Capsules unknown. —
Alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria: Breidler»: Limpricht.
105.B.lllici*oglobuin C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m. '

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate, reflexed below; upper
cells short; costa short-excurrent. Upper shoot-leaves glomerate
ovate obtusate not reflexed. Capsule small pale red subobovate or
Bubglobose; pedicel 3 c. m. long. Tufts green and dense, radi-

— 871 —

irctic

high.

Earth r. Amer. Can.

ItMt

culose below, nbout 1 o. ni.
Ont.: Dearnesa, com. Macoun.

2. Veieiooloriformia.
lOH.B.yerslcolor Al. Braun. • jy i

Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate acute,
rcHexed crowded not decurrent. Cai.siile Hnally reddieh, round-
oval. Stem very nhort. Tufts scarcely 1 c. m. high. — Wet
sand princ. by rivers r. Eur. Austria: Venturi; Gander. Ger-
many: Progel. i'( 'ii TJ u 'imHi' .•i.f' M

1 OT.B.Coronatlim Schwregrichen.

Leaves as in the last but looser disposed and not reflexed;
those of shoots decurrent. Capsule yelloAvish or pale brown,
oval-oblong. — ^mer. r. »U. S.»: Leaq.' et Jam. (Cuba: Wright,
com. C. Mueller). ■ .. ; x.

lOS.B.exciirrens Lindberg. *' *' ' :'i'" - •-

Leaves subovate abruptly acuminate acute more or less reflexed,
crowded and not decurrent. Capsule small pale red oval or
subobovate. Tufts reddish about 1 c. m. high. — Sandy alp.
places r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeldl

'" ■>^' - . '3. Zonatiformia. , ,, j;,, i;; ,,,

A. Tufts dense and tomentose. >, /4 „ .'r ,.,., -v^: ,» set
109.B.zonatuin Sehimpcr.

Leaves subovate short-acuminate apiculate, neither limbate
nor refiexed, subdccurrent, large and not densely crowded;
costa of the ujjpermost leaves often short-excurrent. Capsules
and flov/ers unknown. Tufts very compact, zonate, brown
belov/, often high. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeldl

llO.B.zonatiforme Kindb. in Botan. notiser 1896.

Leaves subcircular obtusate subobtuse, sometimes (narrowly)
limbate, crowded: uppermost apiculate; costa not excurrent.
Habit of the last, but tufts are lower, about 2 — 3 c. m., and
wholly brown. Capsules and flowers unknown. — Alp. rocks
r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeldl .- , •. ...i...i..

lll.B.IJraprichtii Kaurin.

Differs from B. zonatum: Leaves broad-ovate obtusate, either
subobtuse or abruptly apiculate, more crowded and less large.
Tufts less tomentose often green, 2 c. m. or higher. Polyga-
mous. Capsule pale brown suboblong or subobovate, not con-
stricted; lid small; ciha unknown. — Higher alp. region r. Eur,
Norway in Dovrefjeld 150U m. a. s.l; Kaurin.

B. Tufts loosely cohering, not tomentose. vk» ^nv^^'^d

— 372

112.B.Ger\vipn C. Mnollor. — ITvpmim C. M.; Bryiim Limpf.

LenvcH broad-ovnte 8iihol)tuPO, neither limbnte nor rellexed,
not densely crowded, "whitiHli green, sometimes spnringly chlo-
roj)byllof!e. Stems about 3 c. m. high. CnpHules and flowers
unknown. — Ijiundntcd rooks r. Eur. Switzerland: Gerwig,
com. C. Mueller. . ,

IV. Cladodium Schimper, in part.
1. Erythrodontift.
113.B.MaiTrtt!i Wilson. •' - ■..-^,M -t

Leaves oval-oblong blunt not or scarcely reflexed. Capsule
Rubglobose; cilia indiFtinct; pedicel 2 — 3 c. m. long. Stem
v'^ry short, — Wet places near sea r. Eur. P]ngl.: Rogers; Per-
cival. Netherland: Buse.
' '^ ' 2. Arcti'^iformia. ^ ,..

A. Capsule us. abruptly narrowed to the very small mouth.
Leaves not crowded.

IH.B.arctiCHiil R. Brown. — Pohlia R. Br.; Bryum Br. eur.

Leaver- suboblong, more or Ics.s reflesed, broadly red-limbate,
finally ro'e-red or purplish; costa percurrent or short excurrent,
finally red. Lower shoot-leaves decurrent. Capsule thick sub-
oval often oblique, brown; teeth and endostome orange; cilia
not appendiculate. Fruiting stems very short, scarcely tufted;
shoots short, radiculoso at base. — Earth in alp. region princ.
in northern districts r. Eur. Norway! Amer. very r. Can.: Ma-
coun. ''■"■''• •:•*?•••«

1 15.B.flavesCcns Kindb. enum. bryin. dovr.; rev. bryol. 1896.

Leaves suboblong scarcely reflexed us. broadly yellow-limbate,
often finally brown-red, sometimes decurrent; costa sliort-ex-
current yellowish or brown. Cai)pule thick subobovate oblique
often curved, finally brown; teeth and endostome yellowish;
cilia often appendiculate. Stems as in the last, tnore distinctly
tufted. — Alp. ro(ks r. Eur. Norway near Kongswold!
116.B.Lin(lberfe'ii Kaurin.

Agreeing with the last in often ai)pendiculate cilia. Differs
from it in leaves longer, oblong-lanceolate, and green; stems
higher, densely tufted. Us monoecious or dioecious. — Moist
alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway!

B. Capsule not abruptly narrowed to the less contracted
mouth. Leaves yellowish green and yellowish-limbate, not red.
Stem more distinct, radiculose in lower half. j>y:Ai5iiii

a. Cai)sule yellowish; teeth orange; cilia not appendiculate.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, broadly limbate. Us. synoecious.

mpr.
Bxed,

chlo-
")wer8
rvvip:,

— 373 -

llT.B.Hrenahiliini (Limpi-iclit) Kindb. (now name). — B. ar-
cuatuiii Liiiipi-., noil Hooker et VVilKon.

Leaves diHtant scarcely rotloxed, decurront; costa often Umpr.
excun-ent. Capsule Huix'Iav.itc often obliipie and curved; endo-
Htotno yellow. Stems not or loosely tufteil. — iMoist alp.
rocks r. Eur. Nctrway!; Kaurin.
llS.B.callistoiimiu PliiJiliert. ,, .. . . ^ ,,.. i i^.-

DilTers from the last in capHule thicker, subobovate, neither
oblicpie nor curved, ])ale yellow; endostome orange. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. Norway I
llU.ll.KlmlhPr^ii Philibert. — B. Hchisticola Kindb. msor.

Loaves crowded, often rciliexed below middle, not decurrent,
pale yellowish lind)ate; cobta gen. long excurrent. Ca|)Kule not
(or indistinctly) oblique nor curved, thick and subobovate, faintly
conntricted below the not red mouth; endostomo yellow; lid
mamillate. Shoot-leaves not distinctly limbate. Spores scarcely
0,08 m. m. Tufts denst). — liocks of micaschisto in alps r.
Eur. Norway, higher subalp. region near Kongsvold 1)00 mtr.
a. 8.1; growing together with Myurella tenerrima. »Switzerl.»:
Philibert.
* B.lielveticuiil Philibert. ' ■>

» Leaves narrower, subdecurrent and reddish. Capsule sub-
oblique. — Eur. r. Switzerl.»: Philibert.

b. Capsule brown; teeth and endostome yellowish; cilia
often appendiculate. Leaves suboblong indistinctly or somewhat
narrowly limbate. Monoecious.
120.]L8teiiocarpuiii Limpricht. >.(.•:•, ') w-.i :*,-.;, fiii.> ,'i;'/»l

Leaves not crowded, reflexed, sometimes decurrent; costa
somewhat longly excurrent. Capsule narrowly obovate, scarcely
obli(pie or curved. Spores large. Habit of B. Sauferi. Tufts
low brown-green. — Alps r. Eur. Norway!

3. Cernuiformia. . iJ-i'/i

A. Leaves gen. somewhat twisted when dry. Tufts green or
brownish, us. loose. Cilia of endostome not appendiculate.
Male flowers gemmiform. Spores large.

I'il.B.ceruuum Swartz. — Didymodon Sw.; Bryum Lindb.;
B. uliginosum Br. eur. .• ■ . i . ^huhii

Leaves not decurrent, oblong-lanceolate long-acuminate, reflexed
below, broadly yellowish-limbate us. serrulate near apex; costa
percurrent or short-cxcurrent. Capsule subt)bovate or clavate,
oblique and curved, pale or iinally reildish brown; teeth brown -
yellowj lid L^ubconic ujamillate; pedicel long. Tufts olive-green

i

•MM

~ 374 —

TuftH (leiiHe.
Male flowers

or brown, radiculoRO nt bawp, 1 — 2 c. m. high. Monoecious.
— Wet places princ. below al})H. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden!:
S. J. Lindgren. Amer. r. Can.: Maooun.
12'2.B.calcareuin Venturi. « .r;;* i j

Leaves deeunent, ol)long-lance()late or f^ublinglllato, long-acu-
minate, scarcely reflexed, narrowlv linibate; costu sliort excur-
ront. ('apsule subolavate r. curved, brown; toeih yellowisli;
lid subconic obtuse; pedicel sornowbat long. Tufts green, ra-
diculose at base, about 1 c. m. iiigb. Monoecious. — Calcareous
caverns in alp. region r. Eur. Austria 2100 metr. a. s.: Venturi.
128.B.liiri(]iiiii Ruthe.

Leaves not decurrent, oval-oblong long-acutninate, reflexed
all around, broadly brown-linibate, brown at apex; costa long-
excurrent. Capsule us. tbiek, suboval or round-oval, not oblique
and scarcely curved, ])ale brown; teeth yellow; lid convex or
subconic, obtuse or maniillate; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts
low and greenish, radioulose. Synoecious. — On earth below
alps r. Eur. Germany: Ruthe, com. Warnstorf.

B. Leaves not twisted, yellowish or Hnally red
Cilia appendiculate. Spores sometimes not large,
disciform.
124.B.mee8eoides Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves not decurrent, ovate-oblong or broadly ovate lanceolate,
not distinctly reflexed, faintly denticulate, brown-limbate; costa
abbreviate or subpercurrent. Capsule shorter than neck, narrowly
piriform or subclavate, us., princ. unripe, arcuate (Meesea-Wke)]
teeth pale yellow; basal endostomial membrane nearly indistinct;
lid mamillate; pedicel long. Stem often longish. Dioecious. —
Wet rocks r. Amer. C.tn.: Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

1 Purpurascentiformia. "•''

A. Stems not or lOosely tufted. Leaves gen. narrowly lim-
bate.

a. Spores gen. not large, about 0,02 m. m. Capsule gen.
narrow; cilia not appendiculate; pedicel long. Leaves decurrent,
faintly reflexed us. rose-red; costa gen. subpercurrent. Stems
gen. very short and scarcely or not cohering; shoots long loosely
foliate. Us. synoecious.

125.B.piirpura8Cens R. Brown. — Pohlia R. Br.; Bryum
Br. eur.

Leaves short-decurrent suboblong or oblong-lanceolate, more
or less limbate. Capsule suboblong pale yellow or Anally pale
brown; teeth yellow; lid large deplanate, mamillate or subapi-

-- 376

lOUH.

denl:

culate. — Sandy plaooH by rivci-H and rivnlotn in noitlxTn alps
r. Eur. Norway; Sweden: Arnell. Finl.: Hi-oflieruH. Atner. Urcicnl.:
Berggren. Alanka: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. and J. M. Macoun;
Breutcl. i , . -

* B.opdtaloime Litnpriohf.

LeaveH Kliorter, more dihtinctly linihate, CajiKule with Hhur-
tei- neck. — Eur. Norway!; Kaurin.

* B.autumnale l.iinpriciit. — »Webera heraiaphrodita Ren. et
Card.»: Waghorne. • . f v j- r .

Leaves Huboval, longer decnrrent. Shootn shorter, yellowish
green. Capsule Hoincwhat longer necked; teeth brown-yellow;
lid apieulate. — U. b^ur. Norwayl; Kaurin. Amer. Can.: Wag-
horne.
r26.B.SUbpiirpiirasceiliii Kindb, cat. Can. m.

Leaves long-decurrent oblong-lanceolate reddish linibato rose-
red; costa scarcely exourrent. Capsule very narrow, distinctly
strangulate, curved when unripe; teeth orange; lid large conic
obtuse. Spores 8n>-iller than in the last; fruiting stem more
distinct. Dioecious. — Wet earth r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. by
a railway: Macoun.

b. Spores gen. very large. Capsule gen. thick; teeth orange,
incurved when dry; pedicel us. very long and thick. Leaves
gen. not decurrent, more or less reilexed. Cilia gen. not ap-
pendiculate (»in Californian specimens sometimes long-appendi-
culate*: Lesq. et Jam.). Stems and shoots short.
127.B.warueiim Blandow. — B. oelandicum Philibert.

Leaves not crowded, gen. narrow-limbate and faintly reilexed,
sometimes short-decurrent, suboval, sometimes denticulate above,
often finally rose-red; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Cap-
sule large oval-globose reddish yellow or finally reddish brown;
lid convex mamillate. Spores often about 0,05 m. m. Some-
times synoecious. The ifiageiliform shoots*, delineated in Br.
eur„ not are essential. — Wet sand, princ. near sea, r. in
alps, r. Eur. Sweden! Germany: Warnstorf. France: Boulay.
Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et J.

I'iS.B.Biddlecomise Austin. — B. Edwardsianum C. M, et
Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from the last in leaves narrower, longer acuminate,
entire, more distinctly limbate and reflexed; costa long-excur-
rent. Capsule narrower, less inflated, more strangnlate; lid
lower. — Damp sandy soil r. Amer. Can., Prince Edw. isL:
Macoun. »U. S., Colorado*: Lq. et J.

;f

- 376 —

r29.B.mamiIIatnm Lindberg.

Upper leaves glomerate not decurrent, broadly limbste, re-
flexed ovate-lanceolate entire green; costa short-excurrent. Cap-
sule thick pubovate brown yellow; lid deplanate mamillate; pe-
dicel long. Spores less large than in B. warneum. — On shores
of Baltic f^ea r. Eur. Sweden; Zetterstedt.
ISO.B.serolinuill Lindberg.

Differs fi-om the last in leaves narrow- limbate, cells narrower;
capsule longer necked, pedicel less long; stems more distinct,
less loosely tufted. -- Wet sand r. Eur. Sweden: H. W. Arnell.
• B* Tufts dense. Leaves gen. broadly limbate.

a. Fruiting stem distinct with somewhat long loosely foliate
shoots. Capsule gen. narrow. •
ISl.B.Brownii Bryol. eur. ^■{.,^^^i >.rr,.. H^rrvff.ss,-^¥*iMW>i ,'>v|

. Leaves g" en not crowded, subdecurrent and narrowed at
the ^range-colored base, reflexed below, ovate oblong or narro-
wer; costa yellowish often long-excurrent. Stem-leaves broadly
limbate; shoot-leaves less distinctly limbate with siiort-excurrent
costa. Capsule pale finally brown-yellow; cilia not appendicu-
late; lid apiculate; pedicel often long. Stem and shoots radicu-
lose in lov/er half. Us. monoecious. — Wet rocks and swamps
in alp. northern regions r. Eur. Norway! Amer. Greenl : Berg-
gren.

132.B.erubescens Kindb. cat. Canad. m. t-ff*

Stem-leaves red-brown crowded not decurrent, broadly reddish
or brownish limbate, s.iarcely rellexed, ovate-oblong; costa red-
brown somewhat long-oxcurrent. Shoot-leaves narrower limbate,
sometimes short-decurrent. Capsule finally pale brown, distinctly
strangulate; cilia appendiculate; lid mamillate; })edieel not long.
Spores large. Dioecious. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts:
Macoun. -H-/)' ^•??<4!?' n^^'Vi a-yiiij::. .i^iii^iiu^jan' 'xy^no-XiOijr

b. Fruiting stem very short with short shoots. Us. synoe-
cious.

133.B.Limlgr('llii Schimper. — »B. purpurasccns*: Lindgreu
musri sugc. exsicc. ^.

Leaves crowded not decurrent, often reflexed, ovate-oblong
short-acuminate, often denticulate above; costa snbpercurrent.
Capsule suboblong not large, pale brown; teeth brown-yellov/;
ciha not appendiculate; lid deplanate n)amillate; j)edicel some-
what long. Tufts small yellowish greuu or pale red. — On
the shore of a lake (Wenern) r. Eur, Sweden near Lidkoiping:
S. J. Lindgren. ., -y ^m .pa i*wm>'t«fisiji ^,^-^^^^: ■^miw4**^**

— ^77

.:., i-fr

rf.ltl <l51i:|l

■■ii

mts:

134.B.inicaii8 Limpricht.

Leaves not crowded, subdecurrent, refiexed at base, oval-
oblong or sublanceolate; costa, only of uppermost leaves, short-
excurrent. Capsule somewhat small, thick suboval brownish;
teeth orange, incurved when dry; cilia not appendioulate; lid
subconvex mamillate; pedicel not long. Tufts brown-green. —
Turfy soil in northern alps r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin. Amer.
Greenl.: Berggren. '

* B.inflatnin Philibert.

» Leaves more decurrent; costa longer excurrent. Capsule
thicker. — Northern alps r. Eur. Norway*: Kaurin.
1 35.B.pycnodorinum Limpricht. l

Leaves not crowded, subdecurrent, refiexed at base, oblong-
lanceolate long-acuminate; costa of uppermost leaves long-ex-
current. Capsule suboblong dark brown, finally blackish; teeth
brown-yellow; cilia appendicnlate; lid deplanate mamillate; pe-
dicel often long. Habit of B. cirratum. — Wet sand by water
in northern alps r. Eur. Norwayl; K?urin. -

5. Calophylloidea. - ' *

136.B.calophylluin R. Brown.

Leaves broad-ovate obtusate (obtuse or acute), often sublim-
bate, not refiexod, sometimes decurrent; cells large; costa not
excurrent. Capsule suboval; cilia sometimes appendicnlate; pe-
dicel us. long, often 3 c. m. or more. — Swamps princ. in
alps r. Eur. Norway! Sngl.: Rogers. Spetsbergen: Berggren.
Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoetfen.
137.B.acutlim Lind^^erg. ^ « ■- '^^'^'^-^■'^ ^ "•^''' ^^-^'''*-^

Leaves ovate-oblong acute more or less acuminate, often nar-
rv^wly limbate and refiexed below, not decurrent; cells smaller
than in the last; costa often short-excurrent. Capsule us. sub-
oblong and long- pedicellate; cilia smooth. Stem not high. —
Sandy borders of rivers r. Eur. Finland: Brotherus. {Asia,
Sibiria: Arnell). :i ' ■ > '- - >^'. •- v*- - •..■

* B.Axel-Blyttii Kaurin.

Capsule subobovate shorter-pedicellate. — Sand by rivers in
alps r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin.

6 Penduliformia. • '''*.^- '-

A. Leaves gen. not distinctly (or very narrowly) limbate;
costa gen. not excurrent. Us. synoecious. . -,.

a. Spores large, about 0,04 m. m. ' ' '

138.B.brachyneiirOll Kindb. Ottawa Naturalist V. ' •'-^-"

Leaves small broad-ovate short-acuminate refiexed narrowly

f

mm

378

lirabate, nearl}' crowded, sometimes short-decurrent: comal ^glo-
merate; upper cells subrhombic; costa often abbreviate. Oap-
sule thick round-oval or subobovate, somewhat long-necked and
constricted below mouth, reddish brown; teeth broader than in
B. pendulum; segnients also orange, adhering; pedicel about 1
c. m. long, scarcely emerging above tufts. Fruiting stem di-
stinct and tomentose; shoots short. — Arctic district r. Amer»
Alaska: J. M. Macoun, ii : .--..i*.-*: »

b. Spores somewhat small, about 0,02 m. m. Leaves not
decurrent.
139.B.lacU8tre Blandow. — »B. Barnesi Wood»: Limpricht.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate acute not or indistinctly
limbate, broadly recurved nearly all around, entire; costa gen.
subpercurrent. Capsule small suboval short-necked; lid small;
teeth pale yellow; pedicel long. Stems very short, loo^oly ^Hed;
shoots filiform. — Wet sand often near lakes, princ. 1 ur ,..ps..
Eur. not r. Norway! Finland: Lindberg. Germany: Warnstorf.
England: Rogers.
140.B.KllOwltoni Barnes hot. gazette 1889. ,, i . ; <;

» Leaves ovate to obovate-lanceolate short-acuminate, us. in-
distinctly limbate, slightly revolute or plane, entire or nearly
so; costa not or shortly excurrent. Capsule oblong-piriform;
cilia rudimentary; lid small; pedicel about 1 c. m. long. Tufts
'dense and tomentose, 1 — 2 c. m. high. Spores about 0,025
m. m. — Crevices in rocks r. Amer. Can. N. Foundl.»: Barnes.
141.B.flexuosum Austin.

Differs from B. lacustre in leaves pale jed not reflexed; cap-
sule narrower; lid large; tufts dense less low. Dioecious. —
Gravelly ground near water r. Amer. Can, Brit. Col.: Macoun >

B. Leaves broadly limbate, loosely disposed and decurrci t
(at least the lower). Us. monoecious.
142.B.Mo6i Schimper.

»Leaves very narrow, ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate entire:
upper reflexed; apical cells suboblong; costa long-excurrent. '
Capsule thick suboval not constricted; lid small flat mamillate;
teeth orange. Tufts sparingly radiculose, 2 c. m. high. —
Northern alps r. Eur. Norway: N. G. Moe»: Schimper and
Limpricht.

143.B.paludicola Schimper. ^ • - * •

^ »Lower leaves small, subovate short-acuminate acute, loosely
disposed: upper somewhat large, crowded, gen. broad-oval, re-
flexed all around, yellow-limbate; costa short-excurrent. Cap-

i,U-i'M(:-'W{ '^(liK iHjj! iiii'iuv

O'

i:

a

— 379 —

Bule , Bubpirifonii dark fuscous; lid mamillate somewhat large;
teeth yellow, orange below; pedicel 3 c. m, long. Tufts dense
2—3 c. m. high. Spores about 0,03 m. m. Sometimes syn-
oecious. — Swamps in alps r. Eur. Noi-way near Kongswold:
Lorentz»: Schimp. and Limpricht.

C. l^eaves gen. narrowly limbate not decurrent us. crowded;
costa excurrent. Us. synoecious. rt;;; ;*/

a. Leaves not (or only at base) reflexed. Fruiting stem
nearly indistinct with very short shoots. Capsule thick, smaller
than in B. pendulum. Spores large. Comal shoot-leaves gen.
not glomerate.

144.B.archangelicuill Bryol. eur. — »B. Holmgrenii Lindb.»:

Kaurin. r,-';'- t ;» t:,;j,:- i:^

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate; apical cells subrhombic;
costa long-excurrent. Capsule subobovate; peristome pale yel-
low; segments free; lid tlat mamillate; pedicel short. — jiare
earth in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin. Sweden: E.
Adlerz. Russian Lapland: Aongstroem. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
145.B.plailifoliuill Kindb. Laubm. Schw. u. Norw.

Leaves broad-ovate short-acuminate; middle cells rhoniboidal,
apical scarcely narrower; costa not long-excurrent. Capsule sub-
piriform; peristome orange; segments adhering; lid apiculate not
deplanate; pedicel not long. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway,
Dovrefjeld!

b. Leaves reflexed, us. all around.

aat Peristomial teeth pale; segments yellow. Capsule sub-
globose very small. Spores somewhat small, about 0,02 m. m.
14G.B.glob08uni Lindberg. .-•.-. ,.•.-■

Leaves oval acuminate acute, reflextd to above middle, entire;
costa of uppermost leaves short-excurrent to a detlexed point.
Capsule pale reddish-yellow; lid small; pedicel short. Stems
very short; tufts dense about 0,5 c. m. high. — Arctic district r.
Eur. »Spet8bergen»: Lindberg. (Asia, Sibiria: Sahlberg, com.
Brotherus.)

bb. Peristomial teeth brown-yellow; segments yellow. Cap-
sule suboval. Spores about 0,03 m. m.
147.B.Grsefli Schliephacke. .^■m^uur.

Upper leaves gen. ovate-oblong, reflexed all around, entire;
costa more or less excurrent. Capsuio brownish not constricted;
lid small; pedicel about 1,5 c. m. long. Stem very short with
short shoots. Tufts about 0,8 c. m. high or lower, sometimes
loose. •— Schistose rocks in alps r. Eur. Norway: Hagen.

— 380 -

7

I

i

m

148.B.Lorentzii Schimper.

Differs from the last: »Upper leaves longer acuminate. Cap-
sule constricted below mouth, longer necked; pedicel about 3
c. m. long. Stem with longer shoots, their leaves decurrent.
— Turfy soil near Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway*: Jorgensen
in Christiania Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1894.
149.B.Kaurinianiim Warnstorf.

Differs from B. Groefii: Upper leaves with long-excurrent costa.
Pedicel of capsule 4 — 5 c. m. long. — Schistose rocks in alps r.
Eur. » Norway near Kongswold in Vaarstien»: Kaurin; Sweden
in Lapland near Virijaur: Miss A. Cleve, com. E. Nyman.

CC. Peristome gen. orange. Capsule sometimes narrow. Spores
gen. large. Fruiting stem us. distinct.

150.B.pendllIum Homschuch. — Ptychostomum Hsch.; Bryuni
Schimper.

Leaves ovate-oblonjr narrowly acuminate, refiexed all around:
comal (also on shoots) glomerate; apical cells narrow; costa
often long-excurrent. Capsule thick suboval; neck short; seg-
ments often not well-evolute; lid us. apiculate; pedicel gen. not
long. Fruiting stem tomentose in lower half; shoots short. —
Earth and rocks also in alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden,
Norway, Germany, Switzerl.l France: Renauld. Araer. Greenl.:
Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne.
151.B.compactum Hornschuch. ni*^lUui!

Differfi from the last in leaves narrower and longer acumi-
nate; capsule narrow subclavate; segments not adhering. Us.
monoecious. — Alps r. Eur. » Germany*: Limpricht. Amer,
Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
152.B.Roellii Philibert. y. "; i ;^,^>i^v. ,v*«,*tfA>i!-.jj f;

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong, longer acuminate than in B.
pendulum, reflexed nearly all around, not distinctly limbate in
upper part; upper and middle cells narrow; costa sometimes
short-excurrent. Capsule narrow snboblong, sometimes scarcely
longer than neck; lid apiculate; pedicel somewhat long. Frui-
ting stem nearly indistinct with gemmiform shoots. Spores
smaller than in B. pendulum. — Amer. r. U. S.: Roell, com.
Brotherus. Can. Cypress hills: Macoun 1894.
153.B.angU8tirete Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Differs from B. pendulum: Stem-leaves more distinctly limbate
and strongly recurved. Capsule narrowly oblong; lid not api-
culate; pedicel long; spores smaller. Shoots longer, not thicker

:"-. " ■--'.' Jit* jil J. j,i.i ' -«i«» ■■?.-;'•.' r.;,;, .-■^'nwifi'' .\ 0'i:|;»?».,^f*-'"w.«'»w«'--Tr-, -■-'-■»-.-*-«»'.■ ■■r

,.-.,,»-vJi

— 381 —

above; their leaves longer acuminate with narrower cells. —

Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

154.B.a1askaniiiii Kindb. n. sp. » '

Leaves broad-ovate apiculate or very short-acuminate, reflexed
all around; cells wide, the upper subrhombic; costa sliort-ex-
current. Capsule short but not thick, subclavate-piriform; lid
convex mamillate; pedicel not long. Fruiting stem tomentose
with shorter and longer shoots. Uppermost leaves of stem and
shorter shoots glomerate; those of longer shoots not glomerate.
— Arctic district r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

D. Leaves gen. broadly limbate and not (or only on shoots)
decurrent, us. crowded; costa excurrent. Us. synoecious.

a. Spores very large, about 0,04—0,05 m. m. ''«• ' ■
155.B.longlsetum Blandow.

Tjeaves ovate-oblong acuminate, not reflexed above, smaller
than in B. incUnatum: the uppermost not distinctly glomerate;
upper cells narrow; costa short-excurrent. Capsule thick sub-
oval short-necked; lid convex apiculate; teeth yellow; pedicel
us. 5—10 c. m. long. Stems very short or nearly indistinct,
not densely cohering; shoots short. — Swamps and turf-moors
also below alps r. Eur. Norway! Germany: Holler, com.
Warnstorf. "^' ' ^'

* B.labradorense Philibert. *

Leaves somewhat shorter and broader; costa longer excurrent.
Capsule shorter; pedicel gen. about 3 c. m. long. — Alp.
swamps r. Eur. Norway! Amer. »Can.»: Philibert.
156.B.miirmanicum Brotherus. vi'> u >.>? ■ »?v>- :;r'-^r?

Leaves ovate acuminate, reflexed all around: the uppermost
glomerate; upper cells suboblong; costa short-excurrent to an
often deflexed point. Capsule broad-oval somewhat long-necked;
lid flat apiculate; teeth pale; pedicel 3 c. m. long. Stem about
1 c. m. high. Tufts dense blackish about 2,5 c. m. high;
shoots glossy green. — Wet sand by rivers r. Eur. Russian
Lapland: Brotherus.

b. Spores less large, about 0,03 m. m. or smaller. Upper
leaves reflexed all around.

aa. Upper leaves obtusate or short-acuminate. Capsule sub-
globose scarcely longer than neck. " • ' ... - .. >».».
:i57.B.salinuin Hagen.

Upper leaves ovate-oblong acute; costa somewhat long-excur-
rent (in lower leaves not excurrent). Capsule pale brown not
constricted below mouth; lid small apiculate or rostellate; teeth

I

— 382 —

orange; pedicel about 1 c. m. long. Tufts dense greenish about
1,5 c. m. high. — On shores of Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway:
I. Hagen.

bb. Upper leaves us. long-acuminate. Capsule gen. sub-
oblong, longer than neck. ;
158.1i.incliiiatuin Swartz. — Pohlia Sw.; Bryum Br. eur.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong, the uppermost (also on t:b'^ots)
us. glomerate; upper cells narrow; costa sometimes not long-
excurrent. Capsule gen. suboblong; lid short-conic; pedicel about
3 — 4 c. m. long. Stem very short with short shoots. — On
earth also in alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norwayl
Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska*
J. M. Macoun.

1 ri9.B.lapponicuni Kaurin. I- ^i^mau-

^{ Differs from the last: Leaves broader, subovate not long-acu-
minate; pedicel of capsule 5 — 6 c. m. long; lid mamillate; stem
distinct; tufts more dense, about 2 c. m. high; spores some-
what larger. — Eur. Norway near Tromsoe: Kaurin, com. N.
Bryhn. \^ -..r-i }^

'^ B.subinclinatum Kindb. n. subsp. v'i-iilru ■fh(4f^^i iov>

Spores smaller about 0,02 m. m. Endostome adhering to
teeth; lid apiculate. Tufts very dense and tomentose. — Ame}.
Can. northern Labrador: Maeoun 1896.
IBO.B.Hageuii Limpricht. -<.■ •-.'.■ >..(-- -i.-i «.-. r

Differs from B. indiyiatum: Leaves longer, often denticulate
above; the lower on shoots (barren stems) short-decurrent. Lid
of capsule low; spores larger. Tufts higher. — Rocks r. Eur,
Norway: I. Hagen.
* B.curvatum Kaurin et Arnell. ^ is- ..v*a...v,m,.(..

Capsule and its neck sometimes curved or oblique. — Eur. r.
Norway: Arnell.
lei.B.Froudei Kindb. in Ottawa Naturalist V.

Leaves ovate-lanoeolate, twisted when dry: the uppermost not
glomerate; upper cells very long and narrow; costa long excur-
rent. Capsule oblong-obovate; lid flat mamillate or subapicu-
late; pedicel about 3 c. m., not much longer than tufts. Spores
scarcely 0,03 m. m. Stem distinct and tomentose with longish
shoots. — Amer. r. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun.

7. Rutilantiformia.
162.B.rutilan8 Bridel. — B. oeneum Blytt. U .'

V Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate, broadly limbate Jind
retiexed, gen. entire, twisted when dry, finally coppf r-red; costa

a

i:

sub-

f

— 383 —

short-excuirent. Capsule hiown. Stem us. high, often with
filiform propngula. Tufts dense tomentose, often zonate when
dry. Us. dioecious, r. fruiting. — Wet rocks in northern alps r.
Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!; R. Hartman. Amer. Greenl.:
Berggren.

168.B.campy]ocarpum Limpricht. — »B. angustifolium Kaurin»
(not Bridel) ? ^tarth

,1 Differs from the last: Leaves denticulate above, not or indi-
stinctly reflexed, less twisted when dry; costa subpercurrent.
Capsule sometimes shorter necked; lid more deplanate. Stem
lower, less radicuLse. Monoecious. — Wet rocks by rivulets
in northern alps r. Eur. Norway!

V, Webera Hedwig; Schimper, «»-»». t'>Ui'
1. Crudiformia.
'■ A. Leaves serrate not reflexed us. crowded; costa not per-
current. Capsule subclavate; cilia us. long.

a. Leaves short opal-glossy. Capsule gen. cernuous.
164.B.ci'Uduin L. — Mnium L.; Bryum Hudson.

Leaves suboblong short-acuminate: comal and perichetial longer
acuminate, Capsule not constricted. Perigonial leaves patent.
Tufts us. loose. Synoecious or paroecious but often also with
discoid male flowers — Earth and rocks common. Eur. Swe-
den, Norway, Switzerl.I Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.

b. Leaves long not opal-glossy. Capsule gen. suberect. ''
lG5.B.nitescens Kindb. in botan. notiser 1896. — Bryum
(Webera) nitens Kindb. Laubm. S. u. N.; non Hooker.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate: perichetial long. Capsule
not constricted; cilia long. Perigonial leaves erect. Tufts dense
tomentose silky or golden glossy. Dioecious with gemmiform
male flowers, r. synoecious. - Alpine and arctic districts r.
Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld! Sweden: A. Grape. Amer. Greenl.:
Vanhoeffen. Can. northern Labrador: Macoun.
166.B.loilgicollum Swartz. — Webera Hedwig.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate: perichetial
shorter than uppermost stem-leaves. Cirpsule faintly constricted,
narrower than in the last; cilia sometimes short. Tufts spa-
ringly radiculose silky or golden glossy. Paroecious without
special male flowers. — Schistose and siliceous alp. rocks r.
Eur. Norway! Switzerl.: Schimper. Austria: Venturi. Amer.
» Cascade mts»: Leo<\. et J. ''^^^^^

1^

— 384

167.B.BolflBiideri Lesquerenx. '"' ' " .-.,-.v.M^.f^

Differs from the last: Leaves loosely disposed more patent.
Capsule thicker more inclined. Tufts looser. Paroecious or
dioecious, — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

168.B.loilgibrRCteatUTli Brotherus. — Pohlia Broth.; Bryum
Kindb.

Leaves linear-lanceolate short-acuminate distant long-decurrent.
Male flowers discoid; perigonial leaves long linear-lanceolate.
Tufts loose glaucous green. Capsules unknown. Dioecious. —
Amer. r. U. S. Oregon: Roell.

B. Upper leaves faintly serrate reflexed nearly all around;
costa subpercurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule suboblong;
cilia rudimentary. : ,

1 69.B.cra8sidens Lindbc-g. — Pohlia Lindb.; Bryum Kindb.

Lower leaves small ovate apiculate not reflexed, distant,
finally red; upper sublinear-lanceolate acuminate green silky
glossy. Capsule often suberect. Tufts often dense. Male plants
less radiculose; leaves gradually larger upwards; flowers discoid.
Dioecious. — Alp. rocks r. Eur, Norway: N. Bryhn. Sweden:
E. Nyman. . .;

2. Nutantiformia. "* "*

A. Sterile stems us. with bud-like propagula. Leaves loosely
disposed, only the uppermost glomerate; cells somewhat dilated.
Dioecious r. fruiting. Stems not or loosely tufted.
ITO.B.annotinnm Hedwig. — Webera Bruch.

Capsule suboblong red-yellow; teeth yellow; pedicel pale red.
Uppermost leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate or sublinear-subulate,
sometimes decurrent; lower subovate-oblong not decurrent, not
appressed when dry. Bulbilli us. red. — Sandy or clayey soil.
Eur. not common. Sweden, Norway! Amer. r. Greenl.: Berg-
gren. Can.: Macoun.
ITl.B.proligerum Lindberg. — Pohlia Lindb.; Bryum Kindb.

Capsule broad-oval dark brown-red; teeth brown-yellow; pe-
dicel purplish. Leaves broader than in the last, more erect
when dry. Bulbilli us. greenish. — Sand or clay. Eur.
probably not r. Switzerl., SwedenI Norway I; S. O. Lindberg and
E. Nyman.

B. Stem without bulbilli. Leaves crowded, at least the
upper of fertile stems; cells narrow. Tufts us. dense.

a. Upper leaves serrate. Us. paroecious. Capsule with
apiculate lid.

1

— 385

172.B.1llltans Schreber. — Webera Hcdwij?.

Leaves ovate-ianceolute acuminate acute: upper narrower,
faintly reflexed; costa r. subexcurrent. Capsule oval-oblong us.
brown-red sometimes bicolored; cilia r. appendiculate. — Eartb,
rocks and swarrps common. Eur. Sweden etc.! Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne. U. S ; Rocll.

* B.cuspidulatiim Kindb. n. subsp

Perichetial leaves long-subulate gen. not reflexed; costa gen,
long-excurrent. Stem very short. Dioecious. — Alps r. Eur.
Norway!

* B.canalicnlatiim C. M. et Kindb. — Webera cat. Can. ra.

Perichetial leaves with thicker, canaliculate sometimes excur-
rent costa. Cilia long-appendiculate. Lowest leaves short-de-
cuvrent. Spores larger. — Wet earth r. Amer. Can. Vane, isl.:
Macoun.

* B.camptotracheluiii Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves erect but much longer than in B. annotinum; periche-
tial gen. with excurrent costa. Capsule sometimes with cur-
ved neck. Stem very short. Dioecious. — Amer. r. »U. S.»:
Cardot.
^B.Macouuii Kindb. n. subsp.

All leaves, also on sterile stems and shoo, distinctly ser-
rate, not glossy, finally red, densely crowded, ..ppressed when
dry. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Vane, isl.: J. Macoun.

b. Leaves nearly entire. Dioecious or polygamous with sub-
discoid male flowers. Capsule with mamillate lid.
173.B.Schiniperi C. Mueller.

Capsule brownish narrov; teeth pale. Leaves reflexed. Tufts
often high and purplish. - Alp. swamps r. iJ^r. Scotl.: herb.
Milde. Amer. Can. northern Labrador: Macoun.' »Greenl.»:
Berggren.
174.B.Spha|S:ni »Bridel»: C. Mueller. — B. sphagnicola Br. eur.

Capsule pale brown; teeth yellowish; pedicel yellowish often
very long. Leaves not reflexed, gen. distant. Stems r. tufted.
— Turf-moors r. Eur. Sweden, Norway! Germany: Geheeb.

Amer. Can : Macoun.

3. Pulchelliformia. «]«ft;? *J**> h >r^?**#

A. Capsule strangulate; teeth brown-red; annulus none.
Leaves crowded; cells wide, the upper subrhombic.
175.B.carneilin L. — Webera Schimper; Mniobryum Limpricht.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong short-acumi-
nate not decurrent; costa red not percurrent. Capsule broad oval

ss

— 386 —

red-yellow or finally brown-rod. TuftB green. — On enrth. Eur.
not common. Switzeil.l Sweden: M. Huss. France; Le Jolis.
Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

B, Capsule not ftrangulate; teeth yellow; annulus us. pre-
sent. Leaves more or less dintant; cells nirrow or not much
dilated.

a. Shoot leaves and lower leaves of fruiting stem distant
naiiowly long-decurrent. Leaves finally red. Tufts dense.

176.B.C0luiiibiciiin Kindb. — Webera cat. Can. m. *'*^

Leaves sublinear-lanceolate long-acnminate serrate reflexed;
colls narrow; costa red subpercurrent. Capsule red or red-yellow
broad-oval or subglobose; annulus broad; cilia in pairs. —
Moist banks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves not distinctly decurrent us. green. Tufts us. loose.

aa. Capsule more or less distinctly annulate. amMRH

' 'If .*

177.B.pulc1ielllim Hedwig. — Webera Schimper, in part. '*•

Capsule subglobose or oval red-yollow or finally brown-red;
neck shortish. Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate: upper denti-
culate faintly reflexed; cells narrow; costa gree.i not excurrent.
— Earth in northern di.str. Eur. Norway!; E Nyman. Finl.:
Brotherus. Sweden not r.: P. Olsson, Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

ITS.B.lutescens Limpricht. — Webera Limpr.; Bryum Kindb.
Differs from the last: Capsule suboval paler; neck us. longish.
Leaves more distinctly serrate and distant; costa red, in comal
leaves sometime? excurrent. Tufts less loose. — Earth also in
alps 1". Eur. Norway!

179.B.Le8CUrli Sullivant ic, muse. — Webera Lesq. et Jam.
fi. Differs from B. pukhellum: Annulus broader, wholly revoluble.
Leaves longer: lower less distant, upper more subulate not
reflexed; cells wider. — Wot clay soil r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Sullivant and Austin, com. Mrs Britton.
bb. Capsule not annulate.

180.B.Bi'iiminOiidii C. Mueller. — Mniobryum vexans Limpr.
.*! Capsule sometimes larger than in B. pulchellum. Differs
also from it: Leaves erect distinctly reflexed and serrate; cells
wider; costa finally red below. — Earth also in alps r. Eur.
»Germany»: Limpricht. Amer. Can.: Drummond n. 261, com.
Macoun,

v$<4 4. Cucullatiformia.^ ,E iitiKjfrtti'i.H x";Tl .

-i; A. Leaves very distant, us. broadly long-decurrent; cells

^en« very WlOe, .j ,jiinjaj,ijv.",j >*;;;» u^i-t >rrjnv>' ,js.j»'iiiy /'*< ri-jii «siimA

"*

— 387 -

i !

181.1J.Lu<lwlq:ii Sprengel. — Webern Broidleri Jurntzkn.

Leavcti gen. ovnte or Hubohlong ohtusate, us. entire and large.
Capsule suboval. Tufts loose finally red. Dioecious. — Wet
piliceouK ground princ. in nips. Eur. loss r. Norway! Austria:
Breidler. Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson,
coin. Cardot.

* IJ.graiide Kindb. n. nubsp. — Webern Ludwigii var. latifolia
Sehinip. ; ■

Leaves still larger and broader, round-ovate gen. quite entire
and green, less distinctlv decurronl; cell(< rhombic wider. Stem
very high. Capsules unknown. — Alp. region r. Eur. Norway!
182.B.BitrHowil Sullivant. — Webera Ludwigii var. miero-
phylla Kindb. cat. Canad. m. . •K./ro'T-^i-t liffRf^.M t^tvracA

Differs from W. Ludivigii: Leaves small; cells narrower; costa
shorter. — Wet nip. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves crowded or not much distant, not or shortly de-
current; cells rliomboidal not much wide.

n. Paroecious. Leaves obtusate gen. obtuse, at least the
lower and the perichetial. rmfi

18B.B.CUCUllatutll Schwfegrichen. — Webera Schimper.

Leaves oval-ovate not decurrent. Capsule oval-oblong yellowish
brown; lid mamillate; cilia smooth; endo.stomial membrane
very low. Tufts dense. — JMoist alp. places. Eur. less r. Nor-
wayl; E. Nyman. Austria: Breidler. Amer. r. Greenl.: Berggren.
Can.: Gremann, com. Cardot. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
184.B.ciicullatifornie Kindb. n. sp.

Differs from the last: Leaves subdecurrent smaller, appressed
when dry: upper gen. acute. C^apsule smaller and more con-
stricted; cilia sometimes appendiculate. — Arctic distr. r. Amer.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

b. Dioecious, Leaves acute, at least the perichetial.

aa. Leaves crowded not decurrent. Endostomial membrane
very low; cilia short rudimentary; lid mamillate. I i.ii Mif-ni/i')
18n.B.poIyiiiorph«>i(Ies Kindb. — Webera cat. Canad. m.

Leaves ovate-oblong acute or subol)liise; costa not excurrent,
in the longer and narrower perichetial sometimes excurrent.
Capsule ubleng yellowish brown; teeth pnle; pedicel about 2
c. m. long. Tufts dense 4—5 c. m. high rufescent below. —
Higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 2250 metr. a. sea:
J. M. Macoun.

bb. Leaves more or less distant and decurrent. Endosto-
mial membrane elevate; cilia long; lid conic.

IM.

t

I •

— 888 —

ISB.R.conilnntatnin Schimper. — Webora Sch.; Brynm Bonlny.
Leaves oval ovate or suboblong us. short-acuminate and erect
when dry. Pericbetial leaves oblong-lanceolate more distinctly
denticulate. Capsule suboval dark or blackish brown. — Or.
earth in alps. Eur. not uncommon. Norway! Finl.: Brotherns.
France: Hupnot. Anier. (Jreeni.: Berggren. Can.: Macoun.

* B.iiiicrodoniium Kindb. — Webera microdenticulata C. M.
et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves more glossy, patent when dry: pericbetial somewhat
longer. Tufts looser. — Higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col. 2100 metr. a. sea: Macoun.

* B.gracfle Schleicher. — Webera Notaris.

Leaves smaller narrower more acuminate, appressed when
dry. Capsule narrower sometimes reddish. Stem often with us.
red bulbilli. — Alps r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.I Austria: Venturi.
Amer. Can.; Macoun.

* B.HUbcucullaiuni C. M. et Kindb. — Webera cat. Can. m.

Leaves small suboblong gen. obtusate, appressed hen dry:
lower obtuse. Capsule smaller. Stem without bul' Tufts

dense. — Higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. 2100 n a. sea:

Macoun.

*B.Cardoti Renauld. — Webera Ren.; Bryum Kindb.

" Lower leaves often subobtuse. Capsule sometimes erect when

moist, sometimes pendent when dry. — Amer. r. U. S.Oregon:

Henderson, com. Cardot. • •» >"

*B.flluni Schimper.

Leaves not reflexed, often subobtuse, more distant or less
distinctly crowded; cells wider. Tufts high often loose. Capsules
unknown. — Alps r. Eur. Norway! Switzerl.: Culmann, com.
Husnot. '^" -'-■'• '' " :■'■■'■' "'" iVnA'-^iP:

* B.carlnatnm Boulay. — » Webera cucullata var.»: Husnot.

Leaves carinate not reflexed nearly appressed, very glossy.
Capsule thick; pedicel short. — Rocks r. Eur. Mont Blanc:
Payot, com. Husnot.

* B.Paj'Oti Schimper. -r— »Bryum Blindii var.»: Husnot. f

» Leaves broad-ovate long-decurrent nearl}' entire, imbricate
when dry. Tufts 4 — 6 c. m. high not tomentose. Capsules
unknown. — Alp. rivulets r. Eur. France: Payot»: Limpricht.
187.B.microsporiim Kindb. — Webera pycnodecurrens C. M.
et Kindb. cat. Can. m. i .';l<; ^■^ .1

; Differri from B. commutatum: Leaves distinctly serrate longer-
decurrent, more glossy and finally reddish, patent when dry;

— ^89

M.

y(!llow; cilia Boinetimes kuIj-
— Alps r. Amer. Brit. Col.

Wcbera micro-ai)iciilata C. M. et

or

celJH narrowor. Capsule roddJHli
appendiculate. Spores very small
2100 motr. a. sea: Macoun.
IHS.B.canadense Kindb. -
Kindb. cat. Can. in.

Leaves small suboblong or oblong-lanceolate apiculate
narrowed to a abort gen. entire acumen, finally red, appresscd
wlien dry; the uppermost denticulate faintly retlexed; cells
very narrow; costa faint, vanishing far below apex. Tufts dense
not high, green above, reddish below. Capsules unknown. —
Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col: Macoun,

189.B.norveglCiiin Kindb. — B. micro-commutatum Kindb.
botan. notiser 1890.

Leaves small oval-ovate obtusate or short-acuminate faintly
denticulate nearly crowded and gen. not decurrent; cells not
wide; costa not excurrent. Tufts low green. Differs from B.
commutatum: Capsule subglobose or broad-piriform purplish or
finally dark brown-red iften erect; neck very short; teeth brown-
yellow; pedicel us. sh-Ttish. — In alp. region r. Eur. Norway
Dovrefjeld and Tronfjeldl

5. Albicantiformia. '■
190.B.albicail8 Wahlenberg. — Mniobryum Linipr. *■

Leaves not glossy, often glaucous green sometimes finally
red; cells rhomboidal; costa not percurrent. Lower leaves ovate
or ovate-oblong; upper acute not reflexed, distant short- decur-
rent, us. narrowly ovate-lanceolate. Capsule glaucous finally
reddish or orange-brown, blackish when old, thick piriform;
neck thick; teeth orange; lid mamillate; pedicel long. Tufts
loose often high when sterile, about 2 — 3 c. m. when fruiting.
Dioecious. — Wet places princ. in alps. Eur. comm.on in alps.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Moser.
Alnskn: .J. M. Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
* B.sparsuiii »Hampc»: C. Mueller.

Leaves smaller; cells narrower. Stem short. — Amer. r. U.
S.: Roell; Bolsender, com. C. Mueller.

VI. Epipterygium Lindberg. i

191.B.Tozeri Greville. — Webera Schimper. ^'

Leaves pale green; the larger oval or obovate abruptly short-
acuminate acute decurrent; inner cells wide rhomboidal. Smaller
leaves oblong. Capsule small obovate rufescent; neck short;
lid conic; annulus very broad; pedicel not long. Stems short
not tufted. Dioecious. Habit of B. carneum. — Wet earth r.

; )

i:

I

— 390 —

Eur. France: Philibert; Du Noday. Engl.: Cuniow. Amei'. Pacif.

distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot. «

VII. Pohlia Hedwig, in part. i

A. Capsule large narrowly oblong. Upper leaves narrowly
ovate-lanceolate distinctly reflexed. Tufts loose.
192.B.eloilgatuiu Hedwig. — Pohlia H.; Bryum Dickson. ^

Upper leaves sharply acuminate more or less denticulate.
Capsule not pendent, with us. curved longer neck; lid r. ro-
Htellate; pedicel long. Us. paroecious. — Earth and rocks
princ. below alp. regions. Eur. not r. Norway! Sweden: E.
Adlerz.

* B.ambiguum Limpricht. — Webera Limpr.; Bryum Kindb.

» Leaves denticulate only near apex: upper suddenly larger.
Cilia split. — Eur. r. Austria*: Limpricht.

* B.Bcuminatiim Hornschuch, — Pohlia Hsch.; Bryum Br. eur.
* Leaves denticulate near apex: upper often suddenly larger.

Capsule not shorter than the us. straight neck; lid often ro-
f'tellate. — Earth and rocks princ. in alps. Eur. Norway, Swit-
zerl.i Sweden: H. Nordenstrosm. Scotl. Rogers. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Fowler.

B. Capsule not large, suboblong or subobovate. Upper
leaves faintly reflexed, broadly ovate-lanceolate. Tufts dense.
193.B.polyniorphiini Hoppe et Hornschuch. ~ Pohlia Hop.
et Hsch.; Bryum Br. eur. ^'< ',4^ nuHXh , su*k» ^wf.

Capsule gen. suboblong and pendent; neck shorter, r. curved;
lid not rostellate; pedicel us. short. Leaves crowded us. ap-
pressed when dry; cells very narrow. Stem us. naked below
or beset with very small leaves. Tufts low. Us. paroecious. —
Earth and rocks in alp. rep;ions. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.!
France: Husnot, Amer. ^. Greenl.: Berggren; Vanhoeffen.

* B.brachycarpuiii Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Pohlia Hop. et
Hsch.; Bryum Kindb.; B. nudicaule Lesquereux; Sullivant icon,
m.; Webera microcaulon C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m. h-AdM ""

.Capsule thick subobovate. Us. monoecious. — Alp. rocks
r. Eur. Norway! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. U. S.: Bokender, com. C. Mueller.

* B.pseud-acuiiiiiiatuiu Kindb. n. subsp. 1... » «f n ,

Capsule larger, suboblong and gen. not pendent. Stem and
pedicel longer. Us. monoecious or dioecious. — Alp. rocks r.

Jilur. Norway! 1:-. ;., • ,^ir- r,.,,;.v.-

194.B.$ubpolyuiorphuiii Kindb. n. sp.

Capsule oblong pendent, smaller tiian in B. polymorphum-

T

— 391 — .

neck Bhorter; lid rostellate. Leaves less crowded and not ap-
preBBed when dry, sometimes Bubdecurrent; cells wider. Stem
uniforml}' foliate, not naked below. Dioecious. — Alp. regions
r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1950 metr. a. sea: Macoun Canad.
musci n. 468.

156. Leptotheca Schwa^grichen. ,v

l.L.Wrightii Sullivant.

»Comal leaves oblong-obovate or obovate-spathiilate, narrowly
margined, recurved, serrulate above; costa excurrent. Capsule
erect cylindric; endostome rudimentary. Tufts low dense to-
mentose. Pseudo-monoecious. — Amer. r. U. S. Florida »: Lesq.
et Jam.

i Fam. 33. BuxbaumiaceaB, i^

157. Buxbaumia Haller; L. ^^-*".:^'^^

l.B.aphylla L.

Capsule brown, depressed on upper side witli thick border
and persistent cuticle; teeth short in a single row. — Bare
earth esp. in fir-woods or on decayed wood. Eur, not r. Swe-
den! Austria: Schmidt. France: Brebisson. Amer. r. Can.: Ma-
coun. '*■
2.B.indusiata Bridel.

Capsule green neither depressed nor margined; cuticle split-
ting; teeth in 4 rows, each row increasing in length. — Rotten
logs. Eur. not r. Sweden! France: Husnot. Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun.

158. Diphyscium Ehrhart; Mohr.
l.D.sessile Schmid. —Buxbaumia Schmid; Diphyscium Lindb.;
D. foliosum Mohr.

Leaves small linear-lingulate, curled when dry; upper cells
rotundate, lower oval-oblong, outer basal linear pellucid; costa
not percurrent. Perichetial leaves very large not chlorophyllose,
from ovate oblong base long-acuminate ciliate near apex; costa
excurrent to a long rough hairpoint. Capsule large ovoid
small-mouthed often curved; endostome white. Dioecious, ■^■f
Earth and rocks. Eur. not r. SwitzerL! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

^,, , .^ ,n, Fam. 34. AndreaBacBSB. ^j^*; *

;. 15y. Aiidreiea Elirhart. - r ; '^^

At Leaves nerveless us. appressed when dry. t*'^' .^'ttikuiJ^
\. Petropliilae. Leaves more or less papillose. Us. mon-

'A

oeciouB.

^>y tti'M'^t.i^P' ** -: ?(*'**' ' -'»*'- ■ •'

rfft

B. Leaves costate, not oppressed when dry, often falcate.

2, NiTales. Leaves papillose, crisped or flexuous when dry;
the perichetial costate. Dioecious, r. fruiting. litun.;

3. Rupestres. Leaves smooth or (sometimes in A. frigida)
faintly mamillose, not crisped: inner perichetial convolute and
(exc. A. Bothii) nerveless. Monoecious.

1. Petrophilae.
A. Leaves broader above base, somewhat large; perichetial
obtusate. Stem often longish. '"',,' 7"

a* Leaves slightly crenulate at base; cells small. '

l.A.alpilia L. — Jungermania L.; Andresea Smith. ;

Leaves short- acuminate obtuse crowded nearly smooth, us.
appressed when dry. Tufts blackish; stem erect not much
high. — Rocks near Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway! R. Hartman;
F.Kiffir. ^ J v..i tir/ri«jii.?l.i

.^ D. Leaves entire; cells somewhat large. ,ir^m4 Mvmi^)
2.A.Hartinani Schimper.

Leaves large gen, obtusate and distant, nearly smooth and
not appressed. Tufts brownish. Stem us. very long and floa-
ting. — Stones in rivulets in northern alps r. Eur. Norwayl
Sweden: K. F. Thedenius. = :>^ ihhH^ lhTmn>hmM.l:

♦A.Thedenii Schimper. H •!rirfji6n r^a^M- ^^^i^'^'J*^''.

Leaves less large and more distinctly acuminate, crowded,
faintly papillose, often appressed. Tufts blackish brown; stem
erect not much high. — Wet rocks in norther alps r. Eur,
Norwayl
S.A.obOvata Thedenius. ^ nixuiy>i^-iiA\ -- Mmiim f*fi^^^)«JA i

Leaves less large gen. long-acuminate, crowded, dit'inctly
papillose and appressed, reddish or brown-red when moist.
Tufts blackish when dry; stem erect not much high. — Wet
rocks in northern alps r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: R. Hartman.
Finl.r Brotherus. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. :?^'it'UfO*>? ^> (not}

JB. Leaves broader near base, gen. small and appressed
when dry; perichetial sometimes acuminate. Tufts loose; stem
erect.
4.A.petropIuIa Ehrhart.

Leaves ovate oblong or ovate-lanceolate acuminate gen. sub-
obtuse distinctly papillose and crowded: inner perichetial us.
obtusate. Tufis gen. brown and low. — Siliceous rocks com-
mon. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.l S})ain: Levier. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

I

wm

— 39B —

ten falcate.
3 when dry;

I A. frigida)
nvolute and

■i .,»..

'M I ^

i; perichetial

smooth, us.
)t not much
R. Hartman;

.,:.:•.-'■■■,: 7 h\li'.

Bmooth and
ong and floa-

Eiir. Norwayl

i*

late, crowded,
1 brown; stem
T alps r. Bw.

ded, dirinctly

i when moiBt.

high. — Wet

: R. Hartman.

and appresBed
ifte loose; stem

linate gen. Bub-
• perichetial us.
J0U8 rocks com-
: Levier. Aviier.

I

I

t

* A.alpestris Thedenius. * "* " • ' ■*' " -• - » -

Leaves smaller and less papillose, ehort-acuminute obtuse;
cells smaller. Perichetial leaves obtusate obtuse. Stem thinner.
Tufts us. blackish. — Northern alps r. Eur. Norwayl Amer.
Can.: Macoun.
*A.papillosa Lindberg.

Leaves very papillose often nearly subulate-acuminate; cells
somewhat large. Perichetial leaves acute short-acuminate. Tufts
often high and blackish. — Princ. in arctic distr. r. B%r.
Norway! Spetsbergen: Berggren. Amer. ^Greenl.*: Lange:.-. ^ .^*

* A.subsparsifolia Kindb. n. subsp. '" ' "

Leaves gen. long-acuminate: perichetial acute acuminate; cells
not large. Tufts brown somewhat high. — Eur. r. Norway
oi:; recks near Atlantic sea in Oerkedal!. .y, ; ; f.Tri'^i'/ .-wa .t

* A.tenella Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves narrow long-jvcuminate often crenulate above, very
small; cells small as in A. alpestris. Stem capillary. Tufts
low blackish. — Alp. region r. Eur. Spain hospice de Venasque
in Pyren. mts 1800 metr. a. sea! f. - ;. -i';!- . <v ti«.H*k..fi..v-'

* A.sparsifolia Zetterstedt.

Leaves distant gen. long-acuminate acute, also the periche-
tial. Tufts sometimes olive-green, often somewhat high. — ■ In
alps r. Eur. Norway: Bryhn. Sweden: E. Nyman. .-il :tv.Tttfii^n

* A.sublaevis Kindb. note on Can. bryol. 1893 (as var.).

Leaves small distai t spreading gen. nearly smooth: periche-
tial gen. acute long-acuminate. Tufts low blackish brown. ,r-.
Amer. r. Can. Vane, isl.: J. M. Macoun. -Aoin

5.A.parYifolia C. Mueller in Flora 1887. .;iu'o>i;I/i

»Plant very small. Leaves minute from oval biventricose
base narrowed to a suboblong round-obtuse acumen, very pa-
pillose: perichetial subobtusate or acuminate. Capsule minute;
pedicel very short. Dioecious. — Arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska»:
C. M. A.iJ■i^ ']i'ifHilKv:Ji'\-i.l.^H

.::;i ■•■:,'] ' .'^■•'jivl, ■■■ 2. Nivales.

A. Leaves papillose on whole lamina, not densely crowded,
more or less crisped. Tufts loose and high when sterile.
G.A.nivalis Hooker.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually narrowed to the subulate
acumen, papillose princ. at borders; costa not or slightly excur-
rent. Tufts us. blackish or black-red when dry. — Wet sand
on alp. often inundated rocks r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: JB.
Adlerz. France: Zetterstedt. xVustria: Husnot m. Gall. i;i ;y^e, vi

96

'i^iuii

MHHil

- 394 —

T.A.Macounii Kindb. bull. Torr. club 1890.' "" * * ^ ' "*

Leaves from short ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate base
abruptly narrowed to the sublinear acumen, papillose princ. on
upper part of costa, whick is purple red gen. long-excurrent
but not filling whole acumen below. Tufts brown or brown-
red when dry. Capsules unknown. — On inclined faces of
rocks by rivulets in higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.
2250 metr. a. sea: J. Macoun. U. S. Oregon: Roell.
»^ B. Leaves smooth on lamina, papillose on the long-excur-
rent costa, crowded, slightly crisped. Tufts low dense. > ri
S.A.Blyttii Schimper.

Leaves from short ovate base abruptly narrowed to the ex-
current costa. Tufts us. blackish when dry. — Northern alps
r. Eur. Norway: M. N. Blytt; Zetterstedt. Amer. Greeul.: Berg-
gren, com. Nathorst. u im .:>vi »»i

3. Rupestres.

A. Leaves with not or slightly excurrent costa; the inner
perichetial with percurrent costa.
O.A.Bothii Weber et Mohr. .;

Leaves crowded us. ovate-lanceolate broadly acuminate sub-
acute and not falcate. Tufts low dense blackish or red-brown.
— Siliceous rocks. Eur. not r. Norway! SwedenI; R. Hartman.
France: Husnot. Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* A.falcata Schimper.

Leaves falcate smaller, from ovate-oblong base abruptly nar-
rowed to the subulate acumen. Tufts us. blackish. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. Spain, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

Bi Leaves gen. with long-excurrent costa: inner perichetial
nerveless. -.^r ^.i^rym'^mi i^sifiMfj

a. Leaves short ovate or ovate-oblong crowded often sub-
erect when dry: perichetial us. smooth. -i
iO.A.crassinervis Bruch. '* '

Leaves subovate; costa thick terete long-excurrent. Inner
perichetial leaves long-acuminate, outer costate. Tufts dense
blackish. — Rocks princ. below alps near sea. Eur. Sweden
less r.l; M. Huss. Norway: E. Nyman. Finl.: Axel Arrhenius.
Amer. r. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.

ILA.obtnsifolia Berggren in sched. .^:-^ai^^^,m^^...^i^ai

f' Leaves ovate-oblong; costa faint applanate excurrent not fil-
ling whole acumen below. Nearly all perichetial leaves nerve-
less: inner obtusate or short-acuminate. Tufts loose blackish.

i

.

r. Anier. Greenl: Berg-

— 395 —

— Dry siliceous rocks in arctic distr.
gren, com. Nathorst.

b. Leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate patent also when dry.

aa. Leaves somewhat distant: inner perichetial very papillose.
12.A.Uuntii Limpricht.

Leaves falcate; costa not filling whole acumen below. Tufts
dense blackish. — Rocks princ. in lower districts r. Eur. Swe-
den: C. Indebetou. Norway: E. Nyman. Engl.: Holt. Portugal:
Levier. Amer. Can. Vane, isl.: Macoun.

bb. Leaves crowded; the perichetial smooth. ! -'

13.A.frigida Huebener. ^

Leaves broadly acuminate subobtuse; outer perichetial costate.
Tufts dense reddish brown or blackish, — Siliceous alp. rocks.
Eur. not r. Spain! Portugal and Corsica: Levier. Germany:
Limpricht. Austria; Breidler.
14.A.angustata Lindberg.

Leaves narrowly long-acuminate subacute: perichetial nerveless.
Tufts loose blackish very low. — In alp. region r. Eur. » Austria
1600 metr. a. sea: Breidler »: Limpricht.

Fam. 35. BruchiacesB. -w

''''*'■' 160. Brnchia Schwsegrichen.

A. Calyptra hispid. Capsule with nearly indistinct neck.
I. Trachyniitra. Capsule wholly immersed; pedicel very short.
Upper leaves long-acuminate subovate-lanceolate; costa percur-
rent. Spores nearly smooth about 0,03 m. m. Monoecious.

B. Calyptra glabrous. Capsule gen. distinctly necked.

IL Pseudo-Trematodon. Capsule with narrow often defluent
neck; pedicel gen. long-exserted above the upper leaves, ^'pores
about 0,02 m. m., more or less papillose. Us. monoecious.
HI. Ell-Bruchia. Capsule with gen. thick (not defluent) and
not longer neck; pedicel short-exserted or immersed. Paroecious
or (B. Drummondii) monoecious, r. dioecious

1. Trachymitra Kindb.
l.B.Bayenelii Wilson; Sullivant icon, muse.

Upper leaves nearly gradually acuminate; costa nearly filling
upper part of the serrulate acumen. — Amer. r. »U. S.»:
Sullivant. u- ..mnu'^^r. ■■. nfw,,-ms ^'(^^^

2,B.Caro1inaB Austin; Britton in contrib. from Columbia coll.

Upper leaves gen. from subobovate base abruptly acuminate;
costa broadly bordered by lamina of the nearly entire acumen.

— Amer. r. »U. S.: Austin*: Britton.

n\'i:

»*ti

T

i

— 396 —

II. Pseiido-Trematodon Kindb.

A. Upper leaves slightly sinuolate above; costa not exourreut.
S.BBolaenderi Lesquereux; Sullivant icon. m.

Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate nearly gradually narrowed. Cap-
sule shorter than the not defiuent neck; pedicel longer. —
Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sullivant.

B. Upper leaves us. entire r. denticulate; costa excurrent.
4.B.longicollis Eaton bull. Torr. club 1890. r.

Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate nearly gradually narrowed; costa
tilling upper half of acumen. Capsule shorter than the defiuent
neck; pedicel long-exserted. — Amer. r. »U. S.v: Eaton.
5.B.trobasiana Notaris.

Upper leaves subovate-lanceolate gradually narrowed, costa
not filling whole acumen below. Capsule not shorter than the
subdefluent necL; pedicel scarcely exserted above upper leaves.
Sometimes paroecious. — Eur. r. Austria: Breidler, com.
Warnstorf.
G.B.YOgesiaca Schwsegrichen. T

Upper leaves ovate-oblong abruptly narrowed to a by costa
filled acumen. Capsule not shorter than the defiuent neck;
pedicel long-exserted. — Eur. r. France: Boulay; Buchinger.

III. Eu-Bruchia.

A. Costa of leaves excurrent.

7.B.curviseta Lesquereux et James. j .iifnmiiHmV ■ k-

>Upper leaves subovate, denticulate above. Capsule wholly
exserted, longer than the thick neck; pedicel curved or genicu-
late, not shorter. Spores papillose. Paroecious. — Amer. ^J.
S.»: Lesq. et Jam. «* n

S.B.DrumniOlKlii Hampe. — B. brevipes SuU. 1. c. (non Hooker).
Upper leaves entire from subovate base abniptly narrowed
to the subulate by costa nearly wholly filled acumen. Capsule
wholly immersed; pedicel short. Spores kss papillose. Mon-.
oecious. — Amer. r. !>U. S.»: Sullivant, c>

B. Costa of leaves not excurrent. *^ i iiii\*w
a. Leaves short obtusate or short-acuminate. Ur?*«^y^jEII.'J

9.B.breTifolia Sullivant icon. muse.

Upper leaves from longer, ovate-oblong base nearly gradually
narrowed to the short acumen; costa percurrent. Capsule partly
emergent; pedicel very short. Spores nearly smooth somewhat
small. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sullivant. ' *

lO.B.fusca Britton 1. c. ' -n

Upper leaves ovate or brouJ-ovate obtusate or very short-

i

y

,.

..

— 397 —

aouminate, often obtuse; costa abbreviate or scarcely percnrrent.
Capsule exRerted; pedicel nearly immersed. Spores as in the
last. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: Mrs Britton.
ll.B.Hallii Austin; Britton 1, c.

Upper leaves subovate very short-acuminate acute; costa per-
cnrrent. Capsule wholly exserted; pedicel nearly emergent at
apex. Spores large papillose. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: Mrs E. G.
Britton.

b. Leaves long-acuminate. Spores somewhat large, us. very
papillose.

12.B.texana Austin; Britton 1. c. — B. flexuosa var. nigricans
Sull. 1. c.

Upper leaves from ovate-oblong base abruptly subulate-acu-
minate, entire. Capsule wholly exserted, longer than the thick
neck; pedicel subemergent. — Amer. U. S.: com. Macoun.

* B.Donnellii Austin; Lesq. et Jam.

* »LeaveB sinuolate above, sometimes faintly papillose. Pedicel
often emergent. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* B.SulliTantii Austin; Lesq. et Jam. — B. tlexuosa Sull. 1. c.
in part.

Capsule partly emergent. Spores larger, more papillose. —
Amer. r. »U. S.»: SuUivant.

1 S.B.flexuOSa Schwiegrichen. — Phascum Schw.; Bruchia C. M.;
B. Beyrichiana Sull. 1. c.

Upper leaves from ovate-oblong base nearly gradually narro-
wed to the linear- subulate by the (not excurrent) costa nearly
filled acumen. Capsule oval piriform without distinct neck,
partly emergent; pedicel not shorter. — Amer. r. U, S.: Lang-
lois, com. Cardot.

161. Pleuridium Bridel. Ji W v / -

A. Monoecious with gemmiform male flowers.

a. Branches julaceous. Leaves obtusate or short-acuminate;
upper cells small rhomboidal.
l.P.Sullivantii Austin. -
Brid.

Leaves subovate crowded: upper with thick excurrent costa,
perichetial abruptly acuminate much larger. Capsule broad-oval
thick-pointed; pedicel nearly half as long. — Amer. r. »U. S.»:
Sullivant.

b. Branches not julaceous. Leaves long-acuminate; the upper

larger; cells rectangular.

»P. nervosum » Sull. icon, m., non

— 398 —

2.F.alternifo1ium Dickson. — Phascum Dicks.; Pleuridium

Rabenhorst. t.

Upper leaves somewhat abruptly subulate gen. serrulate above;
costa sometimes excurrent. Capsule subovoid with straight point.
Tufts green. — Eur. not r. in northern distr. Sweden I France:
Lamy. Finl.: Bomansson. Amer. U. S.: Howe; Sullivant, com.
C. Mueller.
S.P.BolaBnderi C. Mueller. f*v^iff^i

Upper leaves gradually subulate nearly entire, shorter than
in the last; costa excurrent. Capsule ovoid with oblique point.
Tufts dark green. — Amer. r. U. !S. Chicago: Roell.

B* Paroecious or synoecious. ; .i<,g

a. Upper leaves not larger than the lower, .v., -„rh r ,
4.F.axil1are Dickson. — Phascum Dicks.; Pleuridium Lindb.;
P. nitidum Rabenhorst.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate acute; costa faint not ex-
current. Capsule ovoid often lateral. — Eur. not r. SwedenI
Engl.: Rogers. Austria: Schmidt. c .,«,{, ... nT.u.!i.rf.. /*>*•«!'♦»

b. Upper leaves larger than the lower.

S.P.palustre Br. eur. — Phascum Br. eur.; Pleuridium Husnot.

Leaves crowded: upper ovate-oblong; costa long-excurrent.
Calyptra mitriform. Capsule round-ovoid; pedicel very short.
Protonema often persistent. — Wet earth. Eur. not common.
Sweden: S. Berggren; J. Persson. Belgium: Gravet. Amer. >/U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

G.P.silbuIatuni Hudson. — Phascum Huds.; Pleuridium Ra-
benhorst.

Leaves gen. distant; the upper from ovate-oblong base nearly
gradually subulate; costa not well-defined above and scarcely
excurrent. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule ovoid apiculate; pedicel
us. very short. Protonema not persistent. — Sandy soil. Eur.
princ. in southern distr., r. in northern. Switzerl.l Sweden: M.
Hubs. Engl.: Whitehead. France: Husnot. Amer. »U. S.»: Lq. et J.

* P.anonialuni Kindb. in nuovo giorn. bot. ital. 1893 (as var.).

Capsule with distinct lid; pedicel arcuate emergent above
leaves. — On sand at a stonewall, mixed with P. subulatum
and Ditrichum pallidum (hybride form ?). Eur. Switzerl. near
Luganol

* P.astomoides Limpricht. ni;u .^/iJiiiM i;i;ir;:iaif r-i.:!: It

»Hybride form ? Capsule without distinct lid, shorter than
the straight not emergent pedicel. — Mixed with P. subulatum
and Ditrichum pallidum. Eur. Austria; Breidler»: Limpricht,

!

399 —

i\:t\

i r t^

'■'*♦'

T.P.Ravenelli Austin. -^ ^

i » Differs from P. subulatum: Upper leaves with longer sub-
lanceolate base; costa exourrent. Capsule broadly npiculate, a
little larger. — Light sandy soil r. Amer. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

162. Archidium Bridel.

A. Monoecious with male flowers on separate branches.
Leaf cells subrectangular.

l.A.ohioense Schimper; SuUivant icon. muse.

Leaves distant patent sublinear-subulate serrulate above; the
perichetial from ovate base abruptly acuminate; costa gen. not
excurrent. — Clay soil r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.A.Hallii Austin. ■ -r-ri-lw". ri-'j ^ H:

, Leaves crowded suberect sublinear-subulate nearly entire; costa
Bometimes excurrent. Perichetial leaves not seen. — Amer. r.
U, S.: Henry, com. Cardot.

B. Synoecious or subparoecious (submonoecious). 3
S.A.alternifolium Hooker et Taylor. — Phascum H. T.; Ar-
chidium Schimper; A. phascoides Brid.

Leaves distant patent sublinear-subulate gen. entire; cells sub-
rectangular; perichetial leaves from ovate oblong base abruptly
acuminate; costa sometimes excurrent. Stem with numerous
flagelliform shoots. Habit of Pleuridium alternijolium. - Wet
soil vi'/. near lakes r. Eur. Sweden: France: Berthoumieu. ,
4.A.longifoliuiil Lesquereux et James.

» Synoecious. Leaves narrowly lanceolate-subulate; cells gen.
rectangular; costa excurrent. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
5.A.tenerrimum Mitten. * ;r i.^r '1 ^

» Differs from B. ohioense: Subparoecious. Leaf-cells much
shorter and closer. — Amer. r. U. S.: Drummond»: Lesq.
et Jam.
e.A.Ravenelii Austin. ■ »

» Synoecious. Lower leaves ^vate, upper ovate-lanceolate or
acute or obtuse entire; cells round-oval or rhomboidal; costa
sometimes excurrent. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

163. Ephemerum Hampe. ■
£costata. Leaves nerveless (r. faintly costate in upper

Costata. Leaves costate. Spores papillose. <.-> '-!!-»

1. Ecostata. * •?*

_. Leaves serrate above middle; cells wide. ..--.-..^-^■..-•.t -^^^

l.E.serratum Schreber. — Phascum Schr.; Ephemerum Hampe.
Leaves narrowly suboblong not long-acuminate. Spores pa-

1,

half).
2.

"

- 400 -

pillose 0,05—0,07 m. m. — Eur. not r: Sweden: Hftmnptrcem.
Austria: Schmidt. France: Bertiioumieu. Amer. »U. 8.»: Leeq.
et Jam. f''fW V^''-'''^^^ ^^iM^.'if.) ,Jii-',i>: •xa u-o;? y.tni tvl^i'

*K.priPCOX Waltlier et Molendo. — E. intermedium Mitten,
Leavep faintly costate in upper Imlf. — Eiir. r. »Engl,»:
Brnithwnite.

2 E.minutissiniiiiii Lindberg. ". ff» . ! I

Leaves n.irrowly lanceolate long-acuminate. Spores nearly
pmooth smaller than in the last. — Eur. r. »Engl.»: Braith-
waite. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond n. 10. ^. - • -,

B. Leaves nearlv entire; upper cells narrow. ~" •*'i*5ur>/t)
a.E.stellatuni Philibert. '^ uUuU^k/:

.' LeA,ve8 from subovate base abruptly narrowed to a long subu-
late acumen. Spores smooth 0,04 — 0,05 m. m. — Eur. r.
France: Philibert. - • • •: • ....

2. Costata. ' , »«*

■ 'Ai'^ Leaves from broader base gradually subulate. ti*»n/vJ»

a. Leaves nearly entire. Calyptra campanulate. "* •'''' •*"^-'
4. E. sessile Br. eur. — Phascum Br. eur.; Ephemerum C; M ;
E. stenophyllum Schimper; Braithwaite.

Leaves with long-excurrent costa; cells somewhat narrow
nearly uniform. Capsule sessile; columella rudimentary. Spores
0,06 — 0,08 m. m. — Eur. r. France: Camus; Philibert. Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. ■' >i' <•'• >"' x;r^/-i:5i;>v?:^* ■nMmM^nmtr^ \^

b. Leaves serrulate nearly all around. t)alypira subcucul-
late split at one side.

S.E.crassinerve Schwa^grichen. ' '■*'' " ' ' * v

Leaves with smooth not excurrent costa; cells rectangular
nearly uniform. Ca})sule very short-pedicellate; columella com-
plete. — Described to figures in icones muscorum by Sullivant;
his own def'cription not is agreeing. — Moist clay ground.
Amer. »U. S. common*: Lesq. et Jam.
6.E.Spinulosum Bruch et Schimper. ■ '' '•:;!>. -i.;. >ffv;r:

» Differs from the last in leaves narrower; costa excurrent
into a long hyaline spinulose arista. — Amer. Same locality
as the preceeding»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves from long base abruptl}' narrowed to a shorter
often deflexed acumen, more or less serrate above middle.

a. Calyptra cucuUate. Costa of leaves excurrent.
T.E.recurvifolium Dickson. — Phascum Dicks.; Ephemerum
Boulay; Ephemerella Schimper; E. pachycarpa C. M.

Leaves sublinear-lanceolate often somewhat long-acuminate,

■

4 i

!•

M;

II

J

4 »

— 401 —

pomotinip" fnlo.ite whon moist; ce\h subroctftnjjiilnr or the up\t^Y

shorter. Spores nbout 0,04 m. m. — Eur. v. France: BrebisBon.

b. Calyptra campnnulnte. Costa of leaves faint gen. not
oxourrent.

8.Fi.coh(eren8 Hedwig. — Phnscnm fFodw.; Kphemernm HampP.
■'> LenvpR suboblong HbortncnniiMiite; cells irn-gnlar: upper rhom
bic. 8poreP 0,05—0,07 m. m. — Eur, r. Austria: Breidler.
Artier. »U. 8. common*: I>epq. et Jiim. '■' •■♦vr, »,i •

*E.Flotowll Funck. — PhaBcum Funck; Ephememm Limpr.

»r.eaveB sublanceolate somewhat iong-acumiiiate, often nearly
entire. — Eur. r, Germany*: Schiinper.
9E.Ruthei Schimper; Husnot m. Gail. .■ - • ;.;"'>.•'(:,:,}

Leaves eublinear-lanceolate long acuminate; cells nearly uniform.
Spores about 0,05 m m. — Eur. r. »G€rmany»: Sohimper.

164. Nanomitriiim Lindberg.
l.N.tenerum Bruch. — Phascuin Bruch; Nanomitrium Lindb.;
Micromitrium megalosporum Austin; SuUiv. icon, m.; Epheme-
rum longifoliuni Philibert.

liCaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate faintly serrulate nearly all
around, suberect when moist. Capsule with hyaline walls and
very short subacute point, sometimes transversely splitting when
pressed. Spores faintly papillose about 0,08 m. m. — Eur. r.
Prance: Thcriot; Philibert. Amer. »Q. S.»: Sullivant.
2.NtAllstilli Sullivant. -- Ephcnierura SuUiv.; Nanomitrium
Ren. et Card.; Kindb. revue bryol. 1895; Micromitrium Austin;
Sull. icon. muse.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer-acuminate, more subulate,
entire below middle, spreading or dcflexed when moist; cells of
capsule larger, not hyaline; spores smaller scarcely 0,03 m. m.
nearly smooth. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: SuUiv.
B.N.synoicuni James. — Ephemerum Jam.; Nanomitrium Ren.
et Card.; Kindb. 1. c; Micromitrium Austin; Sull. icon. muse.

Leaves narrowly ovate lanceolate long-acuminate subulate en-
tire, suberect when moist. Capsule neither apiculate nor regu-
larly splitting; cells as in the last Spores about 0,02 m. m.,
distinctly ])apillose. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sulliv.
• ■"•* 165. Ephemeridinni Kindb. revue bryol. 1895. •'»''
l.E.papiliosum Austin. — Ephemerum Aust.; Sullivant icon,
muse; Ephemeridium Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves long narrowly ovate-lanceolate, tapering above middle
to the subulate acumen, sharply serrate nearly flll around, sub-
erect when moist; cells rectangular nearly uniform; costa per-

402

current Berrnte nt bnck. Capsule pubnpiculate; cellR Bninll; ca-
lyptra covering half capsulo, laciniate. Spores about 0,02 m. m.
nearly' emooth. Confounded with Ephetnerum crassinerve. --
On thin soil and roci<s r. Amer. »U. S.»: SuUiv.
2.E.liyHtrlx I.indbcr^. — Ephemerum Lindb. manip. muBCor. 2
(Sooiet. pro flora et fauna fenn. 1874); LeHq. et Jam.; Epho-
meridium Kindb. (Ephemerum spinulopum Bruch et Sch. ?).

• Leaves narrowly lanceohite-subulate, long-spinulose at mar-
gins, open-erect or subsccund, not much passing capsule; costa
percurrent nearly filling the subulate point, spinulose at baok.
Capsule large very shortly conic-rostellate. Spores minutely
tuberculate very large. — Amer. r. U. S.: Louisiana*: Lindb. 1. c.

.(nwiMoviutoi.H p^^ 3(5^ VoitiacesB. ->:^'>h'.j

■''' 166. Voitia Hornschuch. /-^* ^"'"•'^ ^^^'^i''
l.V.nivalis Hornschuch. '" -"'— ' ' ,

Leaves distant long-acuminate not reourved; cells oblong-
hexagonal or subrectangular; costa gen. long-excurrent, in up-
permost leaves sometimes not excurrent. Capsule subovate-
oblong; pedicel thick 2 — 3 c. m. long. Perichetial leaves ob-
tusate; costa long excurrent. Spores small. Tufts tomentose
3 — 8 c. m. high. — On animal dung in alp. region r. Eur.
Austria: Breidler.
2.V.hyperborea Greville et Arnott.

Differs from the last: Leaves broad-ovate obtusate gen. api-
culate; costa per< i'reii+ or short-excurrent. Shoot-leaves small
obovate; costa vanishinj; far below the short point. Capsule
subglobose smaller, sometimes shorter rostrate; pedicel thin less
long. Stems us. not tufted. Perichetial leaves not seen. —
Arctic distr. r. Eur. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz.

Fam. 37 PhyscomitrellacesB. ' ^7^;/ i

167. Physcomitrella Bruch et Schimper. '■) »
l.Ph.patens Hedwig. — Phascum H.; Physcomitrella B. 8.
. Leaves sublingulate or sublinear acute or short-acuminate;
costa Kubpercurrent. Capsule apiculate; pedicel more or less
distinct. Stem us. wmple. — Wet clayey soil. Eur. not r.
Sweden! Finl.: Bomansson. France: Brebisson. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

168. Aphanorhegma Sullivant. ; u

1 . A.serratum Hooker et Wilson. — Schistjiium H. "W.; Apha-
norhegma Sull. icon. ni.

Leaves linear-lanceolate gen. with long subulate acumen; costa

■ »,.:•

ih'M'i

cells sninll; ca-
)out 0,02 m. m.
crassinerve. —

J^nip. muficor. 2
et Jiim.; Epho-
h et Sch. ?),
nulose at mar-
capsule; costa
iilose at baok.
)ore8 minutely
ia»:Lindb. 1, c.
:'- i'.'-'i >ti') f

cells oblong-
current, in up-
sule subovate-
>tinl leaves ob-
ufts tomentose
egion r. Eur.

i! I ill

\iil !-t-^i

isate gen. api-
at-leaves small
oint. Capsule
edicel thin less
not seen. —
tz.

per. • T
;rella B. S.
3rt- acuminate;
more or less
Eur. not i-.
mer. »U. S.»:

_...H;

•).ifc'i,ii'

H. W.; Apha-

icumen; costa

I

— 403 —

often porourrcnt. Capsule globose obtusely nplculate; pedicel
short or indistinct. Stem often finally branclung. — Wet
clayey soil r. Amer. U. 8.: Suliivant, com. C. Mueller.
2.A.Hainpei r.impricht(»lMiys(()mitrella patens + Physcomitrium
Hphn)riouni»). ~ Physfiomitrelhi Linjpr.; Apiianorhegn.a Kindb.
Calyptra as in tiio last. Capsule oval with short conic point,
pedicel not much shorter. Leaves as in riij/scomitrella. — Eur. r.
» Germany*: Limpricht.

(«',

Fam. 38. PhascaceaB.

109. Phascum L.

A. Leaves close to an head-like bud, us. smooth and ser-
rulate.

L Acanlon* Capsule immereed globose not or indistinctly
mamillate; calyptra very short mitriform. Leaves us. serrulate
at the mostly recurved lM)rders; costa r. longexcurrent. Mon-
oecious with distinct male flowers. Plants minute.

B. Leaves not densely close, us. papillose and entire (or
faintly sinuolato). i- r, -, ■, i^.. "t/.iw . .r,. ..; .i

a* Capsule not rostrate.
IL Aschisma. Capsule immersed subglobose apiculate; ca-
lyptra broad short subtnitiiform, often cleft at one side. Leaves
papillose involute; costa subpercurrent. Monoecious with distinct
male flowers. Plants minute. . ■>■ , .,[ ,':;.) ^uu:'[

III. £u-Fhasciim. Capsule often exserted, oval-globose api-
culate or r. mamillate; calyptra us. broad subcucullate or r.
mitriform. Leaves us. papillose often reflexed; costa excurrent.
Paroecious. Stem often distinct.

b. Capsule obliquely rostrate. . . , ?'; ■ il

IV. Mildeella. Capsule sometimes exserted, suboval or r.
globose; calyptra narrow cucullate. Leaves mostly papillose;
costa gen. long-excurrcnt. Monoecious with distinct male flowers,
or dioecious. Stem distinct.

j^a'i.ii.;,.. >. V . I. Acaulon C. Mueller. r vi.

gi A. Leaves smooth; cotta complete. . , ■; : ■ .u'fw

a. Leaves concave; costa subpercurrent.
l.Ph.muticiim Schreber. — Acaulon C
Schimper.

Upper leaves subovate acute or short-acuminate; borders re-
curved (sinuolate or serrulnte) above; costa short-excurrent or
percurrent. Inner perichetial leaves of same length, not wholly
convolute, us. serrulate and much longer tlwui the short-pedi-

M.; Sphajrangium

m

ii

;1

'M I

fi

— 404 ~

cellate capsule. — Eur. Sweden: Berggren. Engl.: Rogers. France:
Br^bisson. Austria: Schmidt. Amer. »U. S., Calif.»: Lesq. et J.
'^ Fli.inimiS (Hooker et Taylor, as variety) Jseger. — Ph. miiti-
cum var. minus H. T.; Acaulon Jeeger; Phascum Kindb. » -

Smaller in all parts. Periehetial leaves entire scarcely rea-
ching above capKule. — Eur. r. »France and Engl, »: Limpricht.

* Ph.rufescens J£eger. — Acaulon Jseg.; Phascum Kindb.;
Sphoerangium Lesq. et Jam, furrfni re?u/vurao;f.

» Leaves mostly not revolute. Pedicel of capsule sometimes
curved. — Amer. U. S. verj^ common in eastern and central
states*: Lesq. et Jam.

2.Fli.inediterraneum Limpricht. — Acaulon Limpr.; Braith-
waite; Phascum Kindb,; Acaulon Holtii Lindb. in litt. .'^-'^if*

Leaves smaller and narrower than in Ph. muHcum, entire,
gen. not recurved; cells smaller. Periciietial leaves unequal in
length; the upper one much longer, wholly convolute and nearly
entire. Capsule mamillate; pedicel indistinct. — Eur. r. Eng-
land: G. A. Holt. ^ 'PI ■^'' ."w;' ' .14^0 5n-, vrni'M .ir.

b. Leaves carinate; costa excurrent. '"• <-''■•

S.Ph.triquetrum Spruce, — Acaulon C. M.; Sphferangium
Schimper.

Leaves suboval subacute; borders recurved and sinuolate often
nearly all around; costa excurrent to a short deflexed point.
Inner periehetial leaves us. 3 of same length. Pedicel of cap-
sule curved. Plant resembling a triquetrous bud. — Eur.
Austria: Breidler; Schmidt. France: Goulard, com. Husnot.
Amer. Can.: Drummond, com. Macoun.

* Ph.piligerum Notaris. — Acaulon Limpr. ''''' •<!«>i3'Kn:);'i

Leaves with long-excurrent costa. — Eur. » Italy »: Notaris.

B. Leaves papillose on both sides; costa not evolute in
lower part, long-excurrent.

4.Ph.Schiinperi Sullivant. — Acaulon SuU. icon, muse;
Spha3rangium Lesq. et Jam.

Upper leaves concave, serrulate and recurved above, subovate
with narrow subulate patent or deflexed point. Periehetial
leaves subobovate not convolute. Capsule mamillate; pedicel
curved. — Amer. »U. S. r.*: SuU.

T'. Aschi^ma Liudberg. ., .i.nsu''';

o.Ph.carniolicuni Nveber et Mohr. -• 'n=- -.'■■-; -i-nuf^
'■ Upper leaves co.icave oblong-lanceolate subobtuse, not close
when moist; upper cells green ronnd-<]uadrate, lower hyaline
short-rectangular. Capsule subglobose; pedicel very short. Plants

1

4\ i

V

f

'S

a

..

~ 405 — .

minute cespitulofcie. — On sand and earth r. Eur. »MediteiT.
di8tr.»:Hu6noi Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

III. En-Phascum.

A. Capsule with distinct lid; calyptra very papillose. '"^^
G.Ph.rectuill Withering. — Pottia Mitten; Braithwaite. '.' >
'i Leaves entire papillose Buboblo-;!^ or subobovate. Capsule
oval-globose exserted; pedicel straight; calyptra cucullate. Stem
simple. Eur. r. Engl.: Wood. France: Le Jolis. Greece: Orpha-
nides. Italy: Arcangeli.

B. Lid not distinct. Calyptra smooth or faintly rough.
a. Stem and pedicel indistinct. Plant '■ubgemmiform.

T.Ph.FIoerkei Weber et Mohr. — Microbryum Schimper. ^^

Upper leaves papillose us. oval-ovate acuminate gen. entire,
erect or patulous; their point reflexed when dry. Capsule %uv-
globose immersed; calyptra short us. mitriform. — Eur. r.
France: Brebisson. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. 'y^

.i b. Stem distinct often divided. Pedicel distinct.
S.Ph.acaillon L. 1753. — Ph. cusi)idatum Schreber 1770.

Upper leaves entire erect oblong-lanceolate often nearly smooth.
Capsule oval-globose not or scarcely exserted above perichetial
leaves; pedicel sometimes curved. Calyptra gen. broad sub-
cucul'.ate, r. short mitriform. — Eur. common in plains on
fields. Sweden! Amer. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. M.
* P.piliferum Schreber.

Leaves narrower, piliferous by costa; upper cells smaller more
rotundate. — Eur. Sweden! Amer. Can.: Drummond.
O.Ph.curvicollum Ehrhart.

Differs from Fh. acaulon: Upper leaves longer acuminate
slightly sinuolate near apex. Capsule wholly exserted; pedi<!el
curved longer; calyptra narrow cucullate. — Eur. r. Sweden:
J. Persson. France: Brebisson. ^^'^■'■'^ ''f^^'^''r'J''''^' :.

,*^'i/t^ "'- ■»' '^' ' IV. Mildeella Limpricht. ''''■- '-''''^ '
lO.Ph.bryoides Dickson. — Pottia Mitten.

Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate or r. acuminate, entn-e; costa
us. long-excurrent. Capsule suboval; lid distinct with sul)ulate
beak; pedicel red. Stem 2— 10 m. m. high. — >. Peristome
rudimentary.: Limpricht. — Eur. not r. Germany: Ahnfeldt;
Roell. Austria: Schmidt. Amer. A). S.»: Lesq. et Jam ,„, ^
ll.Ph.SUbexsertum Hooker; C. M. syn. ^ * "'

Differs from the last: I j)per leaves crenu late-papillose above,
sparingly chlorophvllose. Capsule globose; lid not distinct; beak
thick; pedicel recldish yellow. Stem 5—8 m. m, high. —.
Amer. r. Can.: Drummond, cona. Macoun.

M i-WMBW*'*'"''"

•1 (nU

-.A-.V

t

— 406 —
Glossary.

Alar (cells) special group at basal
angles.

Alate (stem) bordered by leaf-sub-
stance.

Angular (cells) those of basal angles.

Apicnlate with short point.

Apophysis basal enlargement of
capsule.

Appendirulate with small spurs.

Areolation tissue of cells.

Arista awn.

Attenuate tapering. ' • ^

Aiirlcled with ear-like angles.

Barren sterile.

lleak tip of lid (of capsule).

Bifarious placed on two sides.

Biiid cleft to middle.

Cancellate latticed. i

Cernuous drooping.

Cespitose forming matted tufts.

Cilia hair-like appendages of inner
peristome.

Circinnate rolled into a circle.

Comal (leaves) the uppermost.

Cochleariform concave as a spoon.

Complanate flattened.

Complicate folded together.

Connate united.

Costa rib of a leaf.

Cribrose sieve like.

Crijiiyed strongly curled.

Cacnllate (calyptra) cleft at one
side; (leaf) involute at apex.

Cnltriform like a blade of a knife.

Cospidate tapering to an acute point.

Decurrent (leaf) prolonged down-
ward upon the stem.

Deflexed bent downward. ,

Defluent running downward.

Denperculate without lid.

Dimorplious of two forms.

Disticlions in two opposite rows.

Emarginate notched at summit.

Entire without incisions.

Eradiculose rootless (without rhi-
zoids).

Exannulate without annulus.

Excnrrent ending beyond apex.

Fasciculate collected in small bund-
les.

Fenestrate with diluted apertures.

.* -1 V •

Filiform thread-like. ' '

Fimbriate fringed.

Flagellffi like a thong of a whip.

Flexuons bending inward and out-
ward.

Fusiform spindle-shaped.

Oemmiform bud like.

Glabrous hairless.

Habit general aspect.

Heteromorphons of different forms.

Homomorplions of like form.

Hyaline clear as glass.

Imbricate disposed like tiles.

Immarginate without special bor-
der.

Immersed not emergent.

Juiaceon^ like a roller (by appres-
sed leaves).

LamellaB small thin narrow plates.

Lamina part of leaf (above a sheath).

Lateral placed at the side.

Limbate with a list (border).

Lingulate tongue-shaped.

Mamilla small nipple on lid or at
apex of a leaf-cell.

Mnticons without hairpoint. '-'^i-

Nodose nobbed.

Oblong 3 times as long as broad.

Obsolete indistinct.

Obtnsate not acuminate.

Oval twice as long as broad and
broader near middle.

Ovate egg-shaped.

Papilla small rounded prominence.

Paraphyllia leaf like appendages.

Pedicel stalk of capsule.

Percnrrent reaching to apex.

Pinnate branching on two sides.

Plicate folded lengthwise. ..^

Pulvinate cushioned. * '" ''

Piriform pear-shaped. ' \«!|:'

llamose branching.

Recurved, revolute, reflexed bent
back on the border.

Rimose with narrow apertures.

Rostellate (lid) with short beak. • >

Rostrate with long beak. ». ,*i I ,

Rugose wrinkled. ;( s

Spcund turned to one side.

Serrate with teeth as a saw.

Serrulate with smaller tjeth.

•■^.'-'.tf^fl-f,''. .»>

>ng of a wliip.
iward and out-

aped.

).

different forms.

ike form.

as.

like tiles.

ut special bor-

jent.

ler (by appres-

narrow plates,
ibove a sheath).
16 side,
(border),
aped,
le on lid or at

• .,

lirpoint. "" -^^ '

long as broad.

late.

as broad and
lie.

ed prominence.
e appendages,
sule.
to apex,
m two sides,
iwise.

i.

I

^X'#fq^*

reflexed bent

apertures,
short beak,
beak. i4"f ■. i »

le side. ; \ j

IS a saw.

ler Ijeth. '

— 407 —

Setaceons bristle like.
Sinnolate not wholly entire.
Sinnons crenulate at walls.
Sqaamiform like a scale.
Strangulate strongly constricted

below mouth.
Striate with fine furrows.
Stromose with a swelling below.
Sob-; nearly (suboTate nearly ovate).
Subulate awl-shaped.

Salcate grooved.

Terminal placed at top.

Tomentose with soft matted liairs.

Truncate transversely cut above.

Tnmid, turgid swollen.

Umbraouliform as an umbrella.

Wing: border of leaf-base, prolon-
ged on stem; (in Polytrichacece)
prominent part of lamina; (in
FissidentacecE) stipular appendage.

Synonyms of pleurocarpous genera or species.

j; vjti I 'M

Acrocladium .

Alsia 9,

Amblystegium . . 121, 127-

Anisodon

Anomodon 44,

Brachythecium coUinum . .

densum

erythrorhizon . . . .

,''l Geheebii

. s glaciale

isf , harpidioides . . . .
V;. idahense

lamprochryseum . . .

olympicum . _*,,,• i • •

Payoti . . . . . •

pseudo-coUinum . . .

pseudo Starkii . . .

reflexum, Roellii . .

Roteeanum

spurio-acuminatum . .

Starkt .... 100,

trachypodium . . . .

tromsoense . . . .

utahense

^fe>

tM*-

vagans ....

Villardi ....

Bra inia

Bryhnia ......

Camptothecium ....

Chrysobryum ....

Claopodium

Climacium

Cry ph sea

Cylindrothecium . . ■
Entodon expallens . . •
Eurhynchium circinnatum

colpophyllum . .

crabsiuerve . •

Page

81

20

-130

14

46

105

130

133

90

100

133

106

88

118

100

106

100

101

109

89

102

100

106

105

118

98

6

94

43

85

54

43

7

29

65

33

111

111

Eurhynchium germanum
myoeuroides
piliferum .
pseudo-serrulatum
revelstokense
semiaspevum
striatulum .
striatum
subintegrifolium
Vaucheri .

Elodium ....

Fontinalis ....

Helicodontium . .

Heterocladium . .

Homalia ....

Homalothecium . .

Hookeria ....

Hylocomium . . .

Hyocomium . . .

Hypnum acuminatum
acutum . .
alaskanum .
arcuatum .
Bigelowii
Bolienderi .
Boscii • .
brevifolium
californicum
caloosiense .
cliloropterum
coloradense
curtum . .
curvisetum .
cylindricarpum
distans . .
Duriffii . .
FitzgtutUdi .
flacGum . .

88,

Page
. Ill
. 36
. 110
. 67
-. 67
. 114
. 48
. 40
. 68
. Ill
. 58
. 151
. 26
47, 49
18. 19
90, 92
22, 23
. 134
. 42
. 88
. 107
. 41
. 136
. 20
. 102
. 124
. 130
. 117
. 66
. 94
. 124
. 100
. 103
. 65
. 95
. 121-
. 120
.123

— 408 —

^}saf!;<^ifr

Hypnum flexuosam
Formianum
fulvum . .
Haldanei .
Heufleri . .
bispidulum
homalostegium
bygrophilum
Jacquini
Kegelii . .
Erausei . .
lentum . .
Lescurii . .
Lorentzii
Macounii .
meridionale

\0

"it'
m

m

m

micans . .
microcarpum
Muehlenbeckii
nemorosum
Novse Anglia;
'^btusifolium
occidentale .
oedipodium
oxycladon .
pallescens .
planum . .
purum, Scbreber
Sommerfeltii
striatulum ■
Btriatum
tenellum
Wagbornei .
Wrightii .

m

Page
130
128

73
122
137
120

48
121
102

65

.-fii , iii.i.

. 105
^H 97

. 79

64

135

41

85

. 63
. 119
. 123
. 94
. 98
. 48
. 100
. 88
37, 138
. 69
/ 42
. 120
. 38
. 40
. 102
. 138
. 74

...... Page

Hypnum (Limnobium) . 79, 68

Isopterygium 72

Leptodon 7.

Leekea algarvica . t ij-tit « • 67'

Austini ...... 46

cyrtophylla .... 49.

denticulata . <<: v,. '« «<mh»'4^

Kegelii . ..... ^6§

Iseta 71

nervosa 12

pallescens 137

papulosa »^««';' . . . 49

pilifera 71

pulvinata 26

rupestris . ', 'y- ';;^"';-^-|»

tristis . ... . . W

Wollei 49

Meteorium ....... 21

Myurium 110

Neckera . . 15, 20, 22, 31, 151
Orthotbecium . . . . 27,121
Pilotrichum .'"T T":" ... 15
Plagiotbecium . . . .119, 120
Pseudoleskea . 11, 26, 48, 49, 57

Pterogonium 13

Ptychodium

Pylaisia

Raphidostegiura . ". 'I' . 123, 140

Rbynchostegium 63, 64, ^03, 104

Scleropodium . , ., 98, 99, 117

Scorpiurium . . VT ... 33

Stereodon ."V . 61, 74, 136—138

Thamnium 39

Tbedenia 61

V" 51-54
V . . 62

Index of families.

U' T &■• \S '/ '■■ *0:■4^^ ,

A. PleurocarpouH.

1. Cry^^bseacese. 2. Anomodontaceee. 3. Fabroniacese. 4. Ptero-
bryaceae. 6. Meckeracese. 6. Leptodontacese. 7. Meteoriacese. 8. Hoo-
keriaceae. 9. Leskeacese. 10. Entodontacese. 11. Climaciacea). 12. Thni-
diaceee. 13. Hypnacen. 14. Fontinalacere. • ■ "■''>'

B. Acrocarpous.

15. Scbistostegacese. ^6. Eusticbiaceaj. 17. Polytricbacese. 18. Geor-
giacej". 19. Fissidentaceee. 20. Splachnacese. 21. Dicranacese. 22, Seli-
geriacese. 23. Grimmiacese. 24. Weisiaceee. 25. Calymperacese. 26. En-
calyptacese. 27. Ortbotricbaceie. 28, Meeseacete. 29. Cinclidiacete.
80. Bartraraiaceae. 31. Funariacese. 32. Bryaceee 33. Buxbaumiaceee.
34. Andreseacete. 35. Brucbiacese. 36. Voitiaceai. 37. Physcomitrellacese.
38, Pliaecaceae. „,„

P«ge

79, 68

. . 72

. . 7

. . 67

. . 46

. . 49

. . 47

. . 65

. . n

. . 12

. . 137

. . 49

. . 71

. . 26

. . 12

. . 46

. • • '

. . . 110
22, 31, 151
. 27, 121
. . . 15
. 119, 120
48, 49, 57
. . . 13
. 51-54
... 62
. 123, 140
14, -(OS, 104
98, 99, 117
33
4, 136-138
. . 39
,.,. . 61

Be. 4. Ptero-
;e8e. 8. Hoo-
ai. 12. Thui-

ese. 18. Geor-
ese. 22. Seli-
ceee. 26. En-
Cinclidiaceee.
ixbaumiaceee.
jomitrellaceee.

409 -

fi? mM.

Synonyms of acrocarpo

Acaulon ........

Amphoridium

Anodus

Anomobryum

Aongptrcpmia

AscliiHina

Atrirluiui ISyH -

Barhnla . . 247-272, 278,

Bartniinia 327,

Brynm . .319, 345, 346, 302,

CalytnpHres

Canipylopns . . ■ 176, 188-

Ceratodon

Cvnodontium 201),

DesiriHtoion . 252 -2f)9, 277,

Dichodontinm

Dicranodontium . • 190. UM,

Didymodon

Distich iurn

Eiitostliodon . .
Epiplervgiiim
Eudadium . .
Glypliocarpus
Glyi)iiornitrium .
Griniiiiia . . .
Gynino.stoinum .
Gyroweisia
Hyiiienostoiunrii
Hyophila . . .
Leptobarbula . .
Leptobryum . .
Leptotiichum
Macromitrium

,331, 332,

236,
2(51,

177-181,

Fage
403

316
211
350
191

404
-156
291
328
363
290
-190
260
210
282
'206
202
2H(i
181
33.^
347
284
328
243
241
288
290
286
289
2<)1
346
203
314

IIS genera or species.

Pane
Metzleria .... T . . .187

Miidet^lla 405

Mniinn 321, 335, 345

Molendu.^ 317

Oligotrichnm 156, 164

Oncophorns . . . 182, 191, 211

OreoAveisia 184

Orlliopyxis 337

Pharouutrinm 272

Philonotis 184

Pleuroweisia . . . < « . . 317

Fleiirozygodon 317

PoKonatum 157—160

Pohlia 320, 347

Potiia . . . 272, 284. 285, 289
Ptvchoniitriiim .... 241—243
Raconiitrinm . . . 225, 228, 229

Scliiytidium 232

Sphijerangium .... 403—404

Stahleria 320

iSlyloftej^iiim 214

Syslegiuni 285

TetraphiH 104, 165

Tetrodontiutn 165

Timiniella 2.M, 2.V2

Tortnla 260, 274, 291

Triciiodou 178

Triclioslou.um 251-254, 273-281

riota 305-308

Webera 349

Weisia 211

Zieria 319

Til

Corrections and additions.

Page 49, 1 27: Negmpnts n«. split; p. 92, 1. 41-42; pedicel rongb;
p. 94 1. 14: Awer. N. FoiniiU.: Wajrhorne; p. 119, 1. 34: alar cells large;
p 138 i. 24- C.n)siile Hinall ohlotig pale, fiiudly whitish; teeth very pale;
segment, hvaline; p. 101, 1. 14: cell or lamella-; p. ^^^ J. 23: Leaves
entire; p 180. 1. 40: Leaves of sterile shoots; p. 33o, 1. 23: JS. J^ounUl.:
Waghoine. ,7"

1

1^ '!, Ui

— 410 —

Index of acrocarpous genera.

!, a

Aloina . . .

Amblyodon .

Anacolia . .

An'Jreaia . .

Anoectanijiuni

AongBtrcemia

Aphanorhegma

Archidium .

Aulacomnium

Barbula . .

Bartratnia

Bartramidula

Bartramiopsis

Blindia, Brachydontium

Brachystelium

Breutelia .

Bruchia

Bryum

Baxbaumia

Calympert'H

Campylopas

Campylostelium

Cathariuea .

Catbarinella

Catoscopium

Ceratodon

Ciuclidium .

GinclidotiiB .

Conomitrium

Conostoraum

CoBcinodon .

Crossidium .

Cynodonlinm

Dermatodon

Dialytrichia .

Dichodontiuai

Dicranella

Dicranoweisia

Dicranum

Didymodon .

Diphyscium .

Disceliiim

Dissodon . .

Distichium .

Ditrichum .

Drummondia

Encalypta

Ephemeridium

Ephenierum

Eiistichia

i

213

Page
270
819
328
d9l
317
177
402
399
337
245
322
329
lf)6
214
241
322
395
346
391
292
202
240
153
156
329
268
321
291
171
329
240
271
182
282
291
185
20S
209
186
272
391
335
174
176
178
243
292
401
399
153

Fissidens

Funaria

Geheebla

Georgia

Grimmia ........

Haplodon

Leptotheca

Leucobryum

L*»ucolepiB

Macromitrium

Meesea

Merceya

Mlelichhoferia

Milium

Nanomitrium

Octoblepharum, Oedipodiuui ,

Oligotrichum

Oncophorus

Oreas .

Orthodontium

Ortbotrichuui ...;,.

Paludella

Phascum

PhilonoiiB

Physcotnitrella

Phypcomitrium

Plagiobryum

Pleuridium

Polytrichum

Pottia • .

Psilopilum

Pterygoneuron

Pyramidula

Racomitrium

Rhabdoweieia ....:.

Rhi;- )goniatn

Rhodobryum, Roellia . 346,
SchistOHtega ... . .

Schlotheimia

Scouleria

Seiigeria

Splacbnum

Syrrhopodon

Tayloria, Tetraplodon . 173,

Tunmia

Trematodon

Trocliobryum

Voitia

Weisia

Zygodon . . . . > . . •

Page
165
329

269
164
215
173
391
176
335
318
318
207
319
338
401
175
155
210
211
3-^0
298
318
403
824
402
832
319
397
1.57
281
156
272
335
235
211
335
345
1.^.3
314
244
211
172
290
174

177
214

402
283
314

•edipodi

tellia

lodon

uui

;,*;'

34tJ,

173

Page
165
329
2G9
164
216
173
391
176
335
313
318
207
319
338
401
175
155
210
Ml
820
298
318
403
324
402
332
319
397
157
281
156
272
335
235
, 211
, 335
345
153
314
244
211
172
290
174

33K
177

214

402
283
314