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No. 4.

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PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH

TpE (JANADIApI BEE JODI^NHL..

PRICE 25 CENTS.

BEETON, ONT.:
THE D. A. UONES COMPANY, tD.

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lee-leepers' iandy ieries

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THE

Bee-Keepers' * Dictionary.

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PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH

TpE dMADIAJI BEE JOOpj^L

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HAMILTON PDRUC LIBRARY

BEETON, ONT.:
THE D. A. JONES COMPANY, LD.

.>../.'! I

the lee-leepGis' iictionary,

tT/HERE is probably as much or
Q^Us) more annoyance arising from the
improper use of phrases con-
nected with bee-keeping than in any
other business. The terms used are so
much out of the ordinary routine that
unless one is pretty well posted there is
a good deal of danger of making mis-
takes. To prevent this and to hring
about as much uniformity as possible,
we have prepared the following glossary
or dictionary of the words and phrases
which are ordinarily met with in the
business of bee-keeping.

We are indebted to all the Bee
journals, Cook's Manual, Root's -4 .B.C.
and Phinn's Dictionary, for much that
is contained herein, and we hereby
publicly acknowledge 6ur indsbtedness.

ABDO>fEN. — Is the third or rear section
which the body of every bee is divided.

into

Abnormal Swarm. — Bees
some unnatural cause.

leaving a hive from

Adulteration. — The mixture of foreign sub-
stances with any of the ordinary articles of
commerce. Honey and wax are often adul-
, terated, and much mischief is caused thereby,
to those who are honestly endeavoring to
gain a livelihood by the business of bee-keeping.

After Swarm. — A swarm which issues subse-
quent to the first swarm. See second and
third swarms.

ATTrHTT:;G Board. — A board at the entrance
of tliG hive for the bees to light on, usually
1_;1 .ccjl m a slanting position.

AriAiusT. — An expert bee-keeper. Usually
applied to one who makes bee-keeping his sole
business.

Apiary. — A place where bees are kept.

Apiarian. — This word is used as an adjective
and is applied in different ways in the bee-
business, such as "apiarian appliances,"
"apiarian supplies," etc.

Apiary Register. — A book in which to keep a
record of both queens and colonies.

ApifliULTtJRE. — This word has the same relation
to bee-keeping as the word agriculture has to
the tilling of the soil.

Artificiai. Comb. — There is no such thing in

'existence, though accordmg to the newspapers

one would think it quite common. Some

bee-keepers persist in calling foundation by the

name, but it is very improper and misleading.

AiiTiFiciAL Honey. — A term applied to a foreign
substance put on the market as honey, which
ha9 an appearance and taste somewhat similar
t2 genuine honey and ia made so by the addition
of a little of the genuine article.

ABaiif'iciAL Pasturage. — Plants which are grown
or sown expressly for the purpose of making
a food supply for the bees.

Artificial Swarm. — Usually a swarm made by
the bee-keeper by dividing up two or more
strong colonies into three or four.

Artificial Pollen. — Substitutes for pollen fed to
tlie bees ir the spring, as rye meal.

Balling Queen. — The cluster of bees which
gather around a strange queen in the shape of
a ball and attempt to sting her to death.

Bar Hives. — Hives in which only the top bar is
used. In England they still talk of bar frame
hives.

Barren. — Sterile. Incapable of producing
young.

Bee Bread. — Pollen.

Bee Diarrhoea. — A disease of bees improperly
called dysentery.

Bee. — This word relates to the full grown bee
or worker, as a rule, though properly it
applies to all the inmates of the hive.

Bee Gum. — The trunks of trees which were ex-
tensively used at one time, and are at the
present day in some districts, in lieu of hives.

Bee Hive. — A hex with suitable fittings made
to hold a colony of bees. Improperly calJed
"gum, skep," etc.

Bee Glue. — A resinous substance got from the
buds of Balm of Gilead, pine or other trees.

Bee Guard. — A contrivance of perforated metal
placed at the entrance of the hive to preve it
drones from flying and bees from swarming,
at the same time allowing workers to pass '*n
and out ao usual.

Bee Culture. — The keeping or management of
bees.

Bee House. — A house to hold several colonies
of bees.

Bee Moth. — A miller which preys upon the
combs.

Bee Pasturage.— Honey producing trees, plants
or shrubs improperly called artificial pastur-
age. ^

Bee Space. — The space through which worker
bees can pass comfortably. Five-sixteenths of
an inch is the usual measurement called a bee
space. Bees can pass through a space one-
quarter of an inch but 3annot move around
to advantage in such a cramped place. *

Bees Wax — A substance made by bees and used
for building comb. •

Bep: Keeper. — One who keeps bees.

Bee Line — The shortest and most direct line
from one point to another, similar to the line
which a bee takes when flying through the
air.

3rE Louse — A.n insect found on honev bees.

Bee Master. — One who keeps bees.

Bee Plants. — Plants that yield honey.

Bee Tent. — A tent made for covering the hive
and operator; to be used in times when the
bees are wont to rob.

Bee Tree. — A tree m which Is found a colony

of '^ees.

Bee Veil. — A covering for the face to prevent
the bees from ; triking or stinging the face of
the operator.

Black Bees. — These are the ordinary honey
bees. They are sometimes called brown or
German bees.

Bo'^TOM Board. — A board whichforms thebottom
of the hive; it may be either fixed or movable.

Box Honey. — Comb honey stored by bees in
boxes; now very seldom put on the market.

Broad Frame. — See wide frames. The latter
name is now most generally used.

Brood. — Larvae in all its stages.

Brood Foundation. — Such as is used for the
brood chamber; generally running from 5 to 7
sq. feet to the pound and made of the darker
wax. Section foundation used in sestiona
runs 8 to 10 sq. feet to the pound.

\

Bbked (n). — A term applied by stock breeders
to races artificially produced. The breeding
of bees cannot, in the sense and meaning of

- the word, be carried on except on islands
or other places where the apiarist can bt
poatti\e of what his results will be.

Breed (v). — Generally applied to brood rearing.

Brood Combb. — Combs used for brood, or brood-
rearing purposes^

Brooding Bees. — Nurse bees which have the
care of the young.

Brood Comb. — Comb containing bees.

Brood Frames. — This term is applied to the
frames used in the brood chamber. They
may be of any size to suit the hive.

Bridal Trip. — When the queen flies forth in
the air in search of drones.

Cage. — A small box usually made of perforated
metal or wire, and used for introducing
queens. See queen cage.

Can: (n). — This is a mixture of honey and
sugar, and is used in shipping cages where
queens are forwarded by mail or where fc-^ea
are shipped by the pound. It is also uscl to
supply stores to starving colonies in cold
wnather.

Candy (v). — When honey crystalises it is said to
be a candy or candied. The word granulate
is preferable.

Cap (n). — The cover ci a cell, generally'called
capping.

Cap (v). — To seal or cover a cell over.

Card. — A frame filled with comb.

Capped Brood. — Sealed brood.

Capped Honey. — Sealed honey.

Cappings. — The tops of cells which are removed
from the frames when prepared to be placed
in the honey extractor.

Cabniolans. — The bees from Carniola, in south-
western Austria.

Cahcausian Bees. — Bees from the Caucausian
Mountains.

Cells. — The birthplace of bees, and the depos-
itory in the oomb for honey.

Chaff Hives. — Double walled hives filled with
chpff (sometimes with sawdust) and intended
to be used outside both winter and summer.

Chilled Brood. — Is caused by the bees moving
off the brood, and not keeping it sufficiently
warm. Brood is thus chilled in all its stages
from the egg to the fully developed bee.

Cluster of Bees. — A festoon of bees clinging to
one another after alighting.

Clamp. — This word is used in two senses in bee-
keeping. Small pieces of the me+al so formed
as to fasten two or more parts of the hive
together. For instance, metals used for
fastening the bottom-board to the hive or the
supers to each other, are called clamps. The
word also applies to an outside shed built for
several colonies of bees and filled around, as
well as above p 1 below, with sawdust, chaff
or straw, for ti^j pu*-pose of wintering out of
doors.

Cleansing Flight. — When bees issue from the
hive after a long period of confinement for a
fly it is said to be a "cleansing flight."

Closed End Frames. — Frames which have the
sides or end pieces one-half bee-sp9ce wider
on each side than the top and bottom bars so
that when two frames are placed together
there will just be bee-space between the top
and bottom bars.

Comb. — This consists of wax dralwn out into
hexagonal cells by the bees, and built together
so as to form a sheet.

Comb Foundation. — Is the wax on which the
baseL of the cells have been imprinted by a
machine, mill or press. The foundation for
the brood chamber is very often called comb
foundation while that for the surplus depart-
ment is designated as section.

'

Comb Ouids on Stabter. — Small sttips of oolnb
foundation to start the bees ir. bailainj^ ooikibB
fot sections.

Comb Honey. — Honey in tV^e comb, in either
sections or surplus boxes.

Colony. — The bees of a hive. A. complete
colony oonaists of a queen, workers, and at the
proper season, drones. Sometimes called
stock.

Comb Basket. — An arrangement made of tinned
wire cloth for the purpose of holding w^ak
combs or broken pieces of comb while being
extracted.

Comb Bucket. — A bcx of tin or wood with a
cover and handles to hold frames so that
they may be easiily carried about from one
place to another in the bee yard.

CouB Holder. — A device for supporting frames
hooked' over the edge of the hive.

Cbate. — In Canada the word orate designates
a BUial] light box, having glass in one or both
sides for holding complete sections of comb
honey 1316 fitted up for the market. See ship-
i»iiig crate.

Cr<.^ss. — When two races or j^reeds are br«d to-
gether the progeny is said to be a cross or
hybrid.

Cross Mated —When the queen of one breed
mates with the drone of another breed, the
former may be said to be cross^mattid. The
phrase "irapnrely mat^d" is very often ueed
instead of this. It is wrong, however, inas-
much ae the word "impure" implies that
something has taken place which was not
deiired while this may not be the case.

CcsBzoN.— A bag filled \'itii ohaf or sawdust,
to be placed over the frames in odld weather.

CxrssAM Biis.^Bees from thb island Of OVpitm,

Dbid Brood.^ — Generally paused by the transit

. ,j of colonies by rail or otherwise. It is
attributed to the excitement of the bees while
being moved, neglecting to feed the larvae at a

; period which is very critical in their develop-
ment, and to the jarring and general disor-
ganization of the staff of the hive at such
' times. It may be distinguished from foul

* brood inasmuch as the larv89 retaiiis ics shape
and appearance. Tiie bees will generally clean
out the dead brood if the colony is sufficiently
strong.

DiSAD Air Space. — A space betweeu two walls
which latter are bc tight that the air inside
this space is not permitted to come in con-
tact with the atmosphere outside.

Dextrine. — A substance, which when mixed
with water, will at bach paper to tin or glass.

Dipping Board. — A thin board about three feet

long and one foot in width, and of three-

^r eighths material. It is for the purpose of

making the thin sheets of wax preparatory to

their boing run through the foundation mill.

Dividing. — A method of increase by dividing
two or more colonies. , | ,,

Division Boards (Metal). —Are made of perfora-
ted metal for placing behind thebrood-ohamber
and in front of the wide frames containing
sections where honey is taken from the lower
story.

Division Board (Wooden). — A board made after
the pattern of a frame but the full inside
measurement of the hive. It is used for
dividing the hive so as to contract the brood -
chamber.

Drones. — Male bees.

the outside of
bees into an

Driving Bees. — Drumming on
the bodys of hives to drive the
empty box on top.

DiiONB GoifB. — Cells large enough (4 to the
inch lineal measure or 16 to the square inch)
t0 oontaip drone brood, >, . i

Droits BRddi). — The 06m«fibn riftm^ for Ijltobd'
which prcduoes drones.

Drone Ecas. — This expression is applied to the

egfi^s which produce drones. That is nnfer-.
tiliiedeggs. - '...,:i..- -r.^:U.:j.i?^'i-3

Dronb-Lating Queen.— One th,«^,t , , \p,y^ ,!^Sg>^
Which produce drones only. . .,'

Drone Trap. — A contrivance for catching the
drones at the entrance of the hive. , , .

Drumming. — A rapping or beating on the sides
of a hive to cause the queen and bees to l^ave
the comb and pass up into another box. This
teTn is synonymous to "driving bees."

Dummies. — A term applied in Europe to division
boards.

EoGS. — A small body developed in the ovary
of the queen and deposited by her.

Entrance. — An opening or pacsage through
which the bees enter and by which they leave
the hive. . .•-■.•■■- - ■^•- :. .:'v ..;.■.» ;•

Entrance Blocks.— These are small triangular
shaped blocks of wood used to contract or in-
crease the entrance as may be required. .

Entrance Guard. — See bee guard.

Extracted Honey. — Honey taken from the
combs by centrifugal force improperly called
strained honey. ' ■ » ^ >*' ;

Feeder. — A device for holding bee food in sixbh
a way that the bees can secure the food with-
out beinf^ drowned.

Fee»br (Canadian).-- — When colonies require
feeding up for winter this is used over the top
of the frames and contains from 10 to 15 lbs.
of feed (sugar syrup or honey.) The bees will
take up the entire contents of the feeder in
one ni^ht.

Feeder (Entrance).— Generally used for stirmi-
lative feeding in spring. As a inle these oou*
tain space but for a pound or go of food. They
arfi placed at the entrance of the hive» and
are so managed that wh ;.^ the inmates of the
hive to be fed oan reach ha store the rohWia
' oanuot bother them.

m

FffziyR (Wmter). Where beee run (hori q1
■tores this is used. It is placed OTer the tops
of the frames and filled with a candy made of
granulated sugar and honey.

FiRTiLB Queens. — Queens wMch are properly
mated and which are fruitful, laying such
eggs as nature intended should he laid hy the
queen of the hi^e.

F^Htile Wobebks.— Worker hee^ so deyeloped
that they lay eggs; the progeny of all such,
however, are drones.

Floor Board. — The bottom board of , the hive,
sometimes loose and sometimes nailed.

Forage.— Bee food obtained from unnatural
sources.

Foul Brood. — The name of a disease, which at
the present time is quite prevalent through-
out the country. It is a disease which, upon
its first appearance, should be ideated
promptly. It has a very bad odor and can be
detected in its advanced stages, though it is
more difficult of detection in the early period
of its appearance in the hive. The presence
of a brown coffee colored ropy matter in the
cells in almost a sure sign of foul brood.

Foundation. — Comb foundation.

FRAHB.->When not qualified thia means the
movable frame in which comb is. built in the
brood-ch&mber and oonsiats of four pieoes,
top bar,, sijde bars and bottom bar. The in-
side measurement of some of the standard
frames we give below :

width denth

Jones' Hive — extracted honey 10| x 12 J

Jones' Coi^bination Etive , • 12f x I0|

The New Heddon Interchangeable

(closed end)... 1?| x ,4|

Bicbardsom. ••••.. 14|x 10

Langstroth, Standard. . • l^| x 9^

Simplicity (Root's) 17| x 9i

American 12 x 12

amiup XlJxUi

lumby (Olbsed end).,.. .... 18} x llj

Irmsh Association utaudard.M^tt H ^ Sj

i

FvMiOATB. — To puff smoke or the vapor of
carbolic aoid, etc., into the hive.

GsitMAM BiES. — Commonly known as black bees.

Oluooss. — Is made from starch, grape Btigar,etc.

Goon Candy.— First made by J. R. Good, and
nted for shipping queens. It is composed of
granulated sugar moistened with hbney to
the consistency of a stiff paste which when
allowed to stand a few days in a vessel with
a seive bottom will leave the sugar 6i the
proper consistency.

GiAiiM Honey. — Honey which has b^n ex-
tracted from the hive before it has been
capped over and thoroughly ripened.

Halv Bee Space. — A space one half the width
of a bee space. In seqtions a half bee space
is cut out of the top, bottom and sometimes
sides, so that when two of them are placed

' together the result is a full bee space.

Hatchino Bkood. — This term is generally ap-
plied to brood just hatching from the cells,
rrofessor Fhinn claims that this is improper,
and says that it should b^ applied only to
larv89 which are just issuing from the egg;
eggs which are just hatching. We coincide
with him.

HivE.—Now generally applied t« boxes with
movable frames. A hive should include the
frames and entrance blocks.

HemBY. — Nectar gathered from the flowers by
the bees.

Honey Board.— A board with slotts which come
between the rows of sections, used over the
frames to support the surplus receptacles
and prevent the building of brace combs.

HoNBY ExTBAOTOB. — A machine used for extract-
ing honey from the combs by centrifugal
force.

HoNBT Gate.— A faucet for drawing honey
from the extractor.

HoNBY House. — A place for 8t<»ring and ex-
tracting honey. , . .

Il I

"\

"in which to keep ^«»^^g the year round,
which are usuaUy f P* ;" „„ed by aphides

HOHE^ DBW.-A Bf «'»""; P bad thing to have
or plant lice. "^ * ^^not ^»ter well on
in a hive, and »>?e9 oanno ^^ ^ t

it It ie Buoh miserable 8tu« ^^.^^^ian to
on the marliet would '»l/"Jave.known bee-
future sales, tl^°"8VUB h°^«^«^'.*'i
keepers to do so. ^^^^J^^v-joh they knew
Sntly sold something "j^es honey-
nothing about. ^'X^^Tii^oM to trace
' dew gathered by bees, wn ^^^ supposed by

to the »P^id\°Xt°honey-dew.
«any to be »J»°'^*f.Xtraotor. . „

HoOTV S^™o»"»;-f'*or'^ strain between two

i;r -Alu^develoP^ «^-t ^,,,„,e queen
S1..O.K0 Q^"^'." V-„pf done there is Uttle

^'^erStoTX\\-meotherb«^^^^^^^
-S!rg'S;^r^oiurthey^ereim,.rt.a

from Liguria. arranged that

^^' ^^Slsm^ be hitched out by artificial

queen cells may. „„.-„iiv used. »

Seat. A lamp «f.m which has come rff

L«B SWABM. -A \^«'''" ir^season has passed.

alter the usual swarming ^fant be.

L-.BVA.-The second stage

1«J^r^^rltr S; usuW occurs in
.Z^^^^^iTarmU^n^'-

e

id.

leB
ive

on
it it

to
bee-
bbey
tuew

mey-,
trace

edby

\ two

queeu
LB little

Italian

letimeB
iported

gd tbat
xrtifioial

Icotne o^
U passed.

ilant !)©•

Ibiob lay

called

scars

m

king

frbttt

Mahipulatwn .— Handling*

Mandible. — The jaw of the bee.

Metal Rabbets. — Strips of folded tin on which
the frames rest. These should properly be
called frame supports.

Metal Ends. — A smsll arrangement made of
zinc or lead generally, which fits on tho end
of a brood frame and extends so far on each
side that when coming in contact with the
ends next to it the frames are spaced at
regular intervals (bee space) apart.

Metal RARiii. — These are usually made now of
strips of tin cut about three-quarters of an
inch wide, the edge bent at right angles and
from four to six slanting teeth cut on the
edge. The ends are also bent at right angles
of a sufficient^ length to reach j both Jtop and
buttom bar. Several of these will support
broken combs or foundation until the bees
fasten them in the frames properly, the pro-
jecting points passing^into the comb or
foundation forming the support.

Metal Rests. — A strip of tin or iron cut about
five-eighths of an inch wide, placed in a saw-
cut three- eighths of an inch deep, projecting
above rabbet in hive one-quarter of an inch
for ends of frames to rest on.

Mother Bee. — See Queen.

Movable Frames. — See Frame.

Moving Bees. — The transportation of bees
from one place to another.

Natural Swarm. — One that issues from the
hive naturally.

Nectar. — The secretion found in flowers which
is gathered by the bees.

Neuters. — A word sometimes applied to
workers. It is now obsolete.

Non-Swarming Hive. — A hive so contrived as to
prevent swarming. We question their
existence. .

Nucleus {pi. Nuclei).— The foundation for a
colony, consisting of a queen ; and 2, 8 or 4
frames of comb containing brood aad Ijoney
and doYetdd with bees.

^'to care lor «« *>'<f "^i,, ^,y, gU.. >^
may V)e obserr.*. ^j^, a

CbVmaS them «qair. .P»c«g. The

^There'l"tu;S in^'« l-'"*^ *""^ *'"
support. ^^ 1 jg used for

many purpose. «X J^'?'*tt?chaaed in .beets
time' "''^".".•""f^Whan that which
3x8 feet or in any .iZ". '™''
the apiarist may ^^re. _g^ q„3,„

^»'°M?"„ Honey Boards.
Exoladmg Honey do ^j^^. ^j jj,„„

PBWOWTEn Qp^" ^.'•"'holeB, nsed in queen
perforated with * in_^n^ introducing oiges.

l,^,i,u ana^^;^"J;L is perfectly in^ ,
Pimns.-A substanw i^.keepere for

oi(Xora- It ».V "T ^°^den or tin vewd.

coating the "^^"^ ^4 "^1 object being to
which have been use*, i J ^^^^^ g,„y.

cover any damaged 8P^»>° j^ ^ome v«

thing with which the bon^ ^^^ to

contact. Experiments have ^ j

substitute parrato as^ accomplished

foundation. J* .''^ " ,ince 112° *»« *^5
as up to a Ph'^rt tinw «nc ^^^^^^ y

highest point ** ""'""lii.o Very httle,
»*"• ."^^..^Si^r^de which will melt ^at
parraan ^»» ^i.^wbable that new ex-
iggo 80 that It IS pr^ ^^ j^ ^^^ of the

»*"r„S.*rfroi:umi. white in colo. and
produo*!.ol pe^^'^Yr.., white wax
- !b «)metimes ^l^ K "! , ^„eak which queen.
Vmm Q^'^^-A^ben thSTare more than

gwna»t»a*Wra.wMrt..

it

eft

»e8

ind
bhe
Che

han
heir

for
Bsent
heets
yhich

^ueen

[ zinc
queen
ciges.

b\y in- ,
rs ioJf
vessels
eing to
)r any-

otti« ^*
tied to
ial tor
iplished
v^AS the
would
jty little
melt at
te"W •*-
ie of the
)olov and

3h qaeens

lore than

Its with

Pollen. — See Bee Bread.

Pollen Basket. — A cavity on the hind legs of
the workers in which to carry pollen.

Prime Swarm. — A first swarm.

Propolis. — Bee glue. A resinous substance
gathered from trees and used by the bees in
filling up cracks, etc., in the hive.

Pupa (pi. pupse). — The bee in its later stage
aa sealed brood.

Queen Cell. — The large cell in which the queen
is raised. See illustration.

Queen. — The mother of all the bees raised in
a natural couditien in the hive.

|UEEN (Tested). — One whose progeny has been
examined and found to be pure.

SHN (Canadian).— Usually applied to queens
which have been selected because of the honey
gathering qualities of their progeny.

JEEN (Selected Tested). — Queens having the
qualities of both selected and tested queens.

(uEEN (Virgin). — A queen which has not been
impregnated.

I

I

n i-

I

. ;i^ One which the seller

Queen (Warranted .-^"^eny ^f the queen

V^Z lucTr^al rtp^reUed at the t.me ot

^^^^' . ^, -^N This term is applied to pure
Q.EE..ESS.--^othaving^^^^^^^^^

Q.EEN ^^-'^^^^^•-'JXnies without queens are
^ said to be m a state ot qu ^^^^

Q.EEN CAOE.-A c^rt:f aSed to^BhiV^^

^ during in^F^-^^^^f^^e^^^^^^^^^^ sent by mail.

eages m which queen^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^^^

QxjEEN ^^^^^^^^-r^tv hWe holding a large num-

^ brood frame of ^^^y^^V^^^^jch the queen cells

ber of hatching cages n wbicn ^^ j^

are placed just P^^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ hatched in one

hive aud queer-

This may be irade ot per
QtjFEN ExcLUMR.-Tlns n y i,<,„ey board

^ forated metal or tfe 8'° j^j, gtrips oi

When tl^-l^^^fj-ftheya^e called metal and
perforated metal ttiey ai
^ood queen excluders.
0,.,, _A cloth cover {or the frames.

n:; _This name > ^TtrtaS 'nVo
MTs^PPOrts upon -;^i'-\,'Xt is^eally that

K«..Bx«aW.x.-Meltingcombsand clarify
the wax. .^g een

they are saia to uc .-
has been introduced.

leen
le of

pure
d.

is are

queen
ipping

•

! as tbe
e num-
eii cells

:1 in one
may be

3 hive on
n of tbe \

of per-
r board,
strips of
netfctl and

applied to
nes 'n the
j^^eally that
hich is cut
rames may
3f the hive.

d clarifying

,9t its queen
n a new one

Ripening Can. — A receptacle for green or un-
ripened honey in which it is allowed to stand
in an atmosphere of proper temperature for
aome time until it becomes ripened as if it
had been left in the hive until capped over by
the bees.

HiPE Honey. — Honey that has been capped, if
in the hive, or honey which has been
thoroughly ripened by standing in a room of
the proper temperature.

Robbing. — Bees stealing stores from other col-
onies.

Royal Cell. — See queen cell.

Royal Jelly. — The food given to larvae which
developes it into queens. A peculiar rich and
nutritious food which causes queens to mature
in 16 days.

Sealed Brood. — When the larvae reaches a cer-
tain stage of development the cells are sealed
over, remaining so until the perfect bee is
ready to emerge.

Sealed Honey. — When fully ripened the honey
is sealed over by the bees.

Section. — Small wooden receptacle for taking
surplus honey in the comb.

Section (1 lb.) — This term is generally applied
to sections 4^x4 J inches. The width of these
sections varies from IJ to 2 in., the standard
being 1^ and It in.

Section (2 lb.) — SI-xOJ inches in size.

Section (Dovetailed) — This term is applied to
sections where they are made in four pieces
and go together by dovetailing on the ends.

Sections (One Piece). — These are made in one
piece of wood ; the corners are cut out so as
to bring them together in the form when bent.

[Sections (Single Slotted). — Having L-lf bee-
space at top and bottom only.

[Sections (Double Slotted). — Having slots or
half bee-space on the sides.

I."'

Hi*

1.5

l^

■^.

n

'■if

A''

I-

I.

I

I

I
I

Sections (Sqnare Groove). — There are two differ-
ent methods of making the joints at the
corners where the bend takes place m the one
piece sections. The V groove is made by van-
ning the section under a gang nf saws which
C'jt out a V shaped piece. The square groove
is made by running them under a set of saws
which cut out a nearly square piece. ij^

Section Frajies (Reversible). — These are niade
by havin<^ a double top board and side boards
run half-way down in the ordinary frame
which hangs in the top of the hive. See
Illustration.

. •• !.■ ! i r.'i rrrrtT',

Section Cases (Tinned Corners). — These go in
the super, and are made to hold various sizes
of sections. They arc put together by the use
Oi pieces of tin so shaped that when slipped
over the con: or they run dow^n through and
hold crates in position.

S ACTION Cases (Skeleton). 1 _^j^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^

same purpoe as the section cases with the
tinned corners, only come much cheaper.
They are composed of the two ends and four
pieces of wood cut out in the shape of a V
trough. The end pieces are cut to the size of
the sections and after the sections nave been
slipped into position, the top troughs are
placed on the top corners and are tacked to
the end pieces with light tacks or wire nails.

fer-
tile
one
an-"
licli
DOve
saws

Liade
)ard9
rame
See

go m

IB sizes

the use

slipped

igh and

3wer the

.,7ith the
[cheaper.
Ind iour
DG of a V
size of
lave been
Ighs are
kcked to
lire nails.

Section Foundation Fasteners. — These devices
are very handy for securing foundation in the
sections preparatory to placing them in the
^ super.

Separator. — A piece of wood or metal placed
between the sections for the purpose of pre-
venting the bees from bulging out the combs.

Second Story. — The proper application of this
. term is an exact facsimile of the lower or
brood chamber with the exception of the
bottom board and entrance. It should contain
the same size of frarpe and is used for taking
surplus extracted honey.

Single Walled Hive (generally contracted t»
S.W.). — Is a hive of one thickness of lumber
without air space or space for chaff packing.

Shipping Crate. — Crates or cases in which the
foundation sections are placed preparatory to
marketing; usually they are glassed on one or
two sides.

Smoker. — An implement consisting of fire barrel
and bellows; punk, rotten wood, rags and
other similar material are burned, and the
smoke is blown on the bees by means of a
bellows.

Slotted Honey Board. — A honey board made of
strips leaving a bee space between, to be
placed over the brood chamber and under the
supers, preventing brace combs, and to a cer-
tain extent, preventing entrance of the queen,
to the supers.

Spring Dwindling. — The diminution of a col-
ony of bees in spring. Generally cansed by
lack of bees for brood rearing or from queen-
lessness.

[Shipping Cage. — A small cage or box covered
V7ith tinned wirecloth in which the queen and
her attendant bees are sent by mail.

[starters. — Small strips of foundation or comb,
fastened to the top of brood frames or sections
to induce the bees to work in them.
)TING (n). — The bee's weapon of defence.

r* i-\ i

; •'■,'■1

^tinct (v). — The act of stinging.

Stinger. — See sting.

Sterile Queen. — A queen which never did or '
never had the ability to lay eggs.

Stock.— This word is applied toooloniesof bees.
In his dictionary of practical apiculture, Prof.
Phin says : — " ^. stock includes a colony, hive,
comb, stores and all that is necessary for the
normal existence of the bees,"

Storify. — To range hives over or under each
other. *

Strained Honey. — improperly applied by a
great many to honey taken with the extractor.
Before extractors came into general use the
liquid honey was generally obtained by
squeezing the combs and all else that was con-
tained in them besides honey into a mass
wliich was then drawn through a cloth or
other material.

Super. — Improperly called top story and sejond
story. Supers are generally of sufficient
depth to hold one row of sections in height
and are piaced over the brood chamber.

BwARM. — A new colony produced by an old one.

Swarms (artificial). — See artificial swarms.

Swarming Box. — A box attached to the end of a
long pole used for taking swarms from trees
or bushes. It is held below the cluster and
the bees are got into it by a sudden jarring of
the limb. These are so made that the pole to
which the box is attached runs up above the
box a sufficient distance so that while the end
of it may be used to jar the branch the box
will still be below the swarm.

Swarming Impulse. — The aesire or tendency on
the part of bees to swarm. The conditions
causing this state of thing are just a sufficient |
quantity of honey coming in to increase ^
brooding, and not sufficient to enable the bees f
to etore any in the surplus receptacles, iin&U
crowding of the brood chamber also facilitates i
the swarming impulse and is roheved by the!
use of the extractor. i

E

1^.

Si

TrI

t
b

Tra
fr,
fi

Wl]

apj
wis

tin
Bixrp
intei
in p
use.

Uncappj

wire (

down

is he

down

over t:

from 1

honey

taken c

. Uncappiiv

of seaJe

the frar

Unripe H

Untested
not been

Ventilate.

In bee-k

houses ai

current o

eel opfmin

x<

or

'I

SwAKM, (natural) -A n»
ot brood m?.' "P'>"«* io j^rm?* 1"^ ''^^i^*-

swrplus P««! ^^ *^^® bottom of ff ^^^"^^^ ^^

use. -^^ey are now in ve?v .? ^"^

Hm^at. ^®^y general

not been exan^iuT^ ''"'"' ''^°^^ Progeny haa

Ventilate.— Tn «k , V-*

ed opening. ^ '''«'"'« of a properly arr/ng

•'V

ViEGiN Comb. — That which has been used but
once for honey and never for brood.

Wax Exteacior. — Ar. implement for rendering
wax from broken pieces of comb by the
aid of steami.

Wax Pockets. — Small canities on the under side
of the bee in which is secreted wax.

Wide Frames. — Frames of a sufficient width
to hold sections. These may ^~e placed in
either the brood chamber or super.

Wind Breaks. — Hedges or fences to protect the
apiary from the force of the wind.

Wire Embedder.— Where the frames are first
wired this little machine is brought into use
for the purpose of sinking wire into the foun-
dation.

Wire Frames. — Frames in which wire is placed
at intervals to hold foundation in position
and prevent it from sagging. Double tinned
bars are generally placed vertically in the
centre for the purpose of holding the top and
bottom bars apart and keeping the wire taut.

Wired Foundation. — Foundation, which in the
making has fine wires run through it.

Worker. — Undeveloped females who do the
work of the hives, improperly called neuters.

Worker Eggs. — Eggs layed by the fertile queen
which may at the pleasure of the bees become
cither workers or queens.

Worker Comb. — This is the comb used for
brooding and generally for storing honey,
though drone 3omb is used at times for that
purpose. The cells of the worker comb mea-
sure five to the inch, twenty-five to each
square inch and the surface on iDoth sides of the
comb contains fifty cells in all. Drone comb
measures four to the inch or 3ixteen to the
square inch.

HI

■T'»

but

.\\h

, , ■ ■! ■ I I... I ■ T. — .1 «^

i?

EVERY

Canadian Honey Producer

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H ■!■ M

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• ,■■■-.'.,

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'^.