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1
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
REPORT
OF THE
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
OF
THE TERRITORIES.
UNITED STATKS GBOLOG I ST.IN-C U ARGB.
VOLUME XIII.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1890.
J. InTom6Lcg!CaL t^RANcW •
DEPARTMENT OF AlGRIGULTURK OTTAWA - - e-MHAQA
1 1
UNITKI) STATES OEOLOOIOAL SURVEY OP THE TERRITORIES.
rn
THE
TERTIARY INSECTS
OF
NORTH AMERICA,
By
SAMUEL H. SCUDDER.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890.
ENTOMOLCGICAL BRANCH DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OTTAWA - - CANADA
7-f6
NOTE.
Department op the Interior,
United Statk.s Geological Sttrvby.
Wanhhinton, D. C, May 16, 1890. On the 27th of September, 1882, at the request of Dr. F. V. Hayden, the completion of the publiciitionH of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, formerly under his charge, was committed to the charge of the Director of the Geological Survey by the following order from the lionorable the Secretary of the Interior :
Department of the Interior,
Washington, September 27, 1882. Maj. .1. W. Powell,
Director U S. Geological Survey : Sir: The letter of Prof F. V. Hayden, dated June 27, bearing your indorsement of July 20, relating to the ui;publi8hed reports of the survey formerly under his charf^e, is herewith returned.
You will ])\ease take charge of the publications referred to in the same, in accordance with the suggestions nuide by Professor Hayden.
It is the desire of this office that these volumes shall be completed and published as early as practicable. Very re8i)ectfully,
H. M. Teller,
Secretary.
Of the publications thus placed in charge of the Director of the United States Geological Survey the accompanying volume is the third to be issued, the preceding being " The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the West," by Edward D. Cope, and "Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories," by Leo Lesquereux.
J. W. Powell, * Director.
mmmm
CONTENTS.
Letter of trniMmlttal ? ■
liitrcNiiiotloii
I.oi-nlltivii wlinro Terllitry liiHuctH linvebueii loiiiiil in Aiiiorion.
Myrinpoila
AriiobnidoH
Aciiriiin
ArnnxlileH
Nenroptorn.
II
;.. 13
17
43
, 46
W
48
l»l
M
103
117
E|iliunifrii1ii< 118
Oiloimtii ia4
Plniiipuiiiiiik 146
Triohoptorii 176
Ortlioptorn 801
KiirfloiilariiD 803
HIattnrlir 2ir.
PhaHmidii S19
Aorldil 880
Th.VNiiniiru . Teriiiitiua.. rNnuinn . . . .
LociiHtariiit 387
Gryllides 334
Honilptern 838
Coooldii) 841
AphidoH 348
I'HyllidiB 375
Fiilgoriiia 878
JaHsidoii :i03
Ceroopidu^ 315
Corixidm ;M3
Notonectidat 346
(inlgulldm 347
Voliluin 348
Hydrnbatidiii 350
Kediiviidm 354
Tingididio 357
Acantbiidii) 360
361
Citpsidiu ,
PbyHnpodeH 371
LygaeidiB 374
Coroidiu 411
Poutatomidtu 435
8
Coleuptera
AuthribidiD
Soolytido)
Curoulionldiu ...
OtiorbyuchidiD .
RhynchitidiD
Rbipiphoridw...
TenebrionidiB . . .
BrucIiidiD
ChrysoinelidiB . . .
Scarabmidie
Ptiuidui
Bnprestidio
ElateridiK
ByrrbidtB
Nitidolidie
Cryptopbagidiv ,
Citenjidte
ErotylidiK
Stapbyliuidiu ...
Hydropbilidie...
Dytittcidii-
CarabidiD
Diptora
CONTENTS.
Lnnchi«id:i>
Ortalidtc
Scioiuyzidif ..
HelorayzidiK
Antbomyidio
Miiscidiu
Tacbinidiv
I'latypezidie
CoDopidiu
SyrphidiP
noliehopodidiB
Cyrtidii"
Asilidiit
Stratiomyidie
Trpiilidii'
ChironnniidiB
Culicid:<'
BibionidiH
Mycotopbilidu)
Cucidouiy idiB
LepidopUira
Tini^idiB
Hympiioptcra
Teiitbr«dinidu^
ChalcididiK
Bracoiiidiu
Icbiioiimouidii-
Mymiicidii*
Formicidii-
8pbr|;id{i-
SyHttiniatic lUt of xpflcJeM with their diHtribiitioii, mid cmnpuriHon witli othnr spucius, liviuj; and
fowil
Phitcs
Index
Pnge. 465 4(ir> 468 471 475 481 482 483 484 4H5 487 4»1 493 406 499 499 501 fiOl r>02 503 510 517 517 539 539 540
, 547 548 551 554 555
557
562 563 563 566 568 578 582 583 586 (WO <i02 602 604 (M4 t>04 605 ti08 615 616 6«)
&>l
06r> 72:1
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Map of Tertiary lake basin at Florissant, Colorado ^^ *. ^***"
Plate I. Insects from bone caves mid intorglacial clays -V." .'"."".'."".'."."." ° '*^'*j^fj
II, III. Insects from the Tertiary deposits of British Columbia !..!..."!." 669-672
IV. Insects from miscellaneous Tertiary deposits, includiug one species from the Lar- amie formation
V-X. InsectsfromtheTertiarydepositsof Green River, Wyoming!!'..! 675-686
XI. Araclmida from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant, Colorado ^j
XII-XV. Neuroptera fi-om the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 6'»-696
XVI, XVir. Orthoptern from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 697 700
XVni-XXVIII. Hemiptera from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 701 799
Figs. 1-3. Planocephalas aselloidea fz
'"" •.•......,... s>5
»
»aii.i».. L^'iM^A ;.»ft.J^.L
ERRATA
If!
Pago l."i, eleventh line from bottom, /or specimen read indiviilnal.
Page SJH, line eighteen, for itpecimeuH rcorf NpecieH.
Page 71, nuder Aranea coIiimbiHt, for PI. 11 read PI. 'i.
Page aoa. The two itarngrupbs ininifiliatt-ly preceding Korticulariii' belong on i)age WU, inin.i-diately preceding Labidnromma.
Page 203, line three, for <'rickct read crickets.
Page 203, before Labidnroniuia, inHcrt the two paragraph.s on page 202, ininiedialely preceding Forfi- ciilariie.
Page 225, line one, /or interHpaces read interupace; line two, iiiterl that before above.
Page 244, in table, /or 3. Oeranchuni read 3. Gerancon; for 13. Amalanchum read 13 Anialancon; for 15. Ancouotiis read 15. Auconatut.
Page 245, under C. ubseuH. the third line ihoald read: Fore wing nearly three times im King aa broad. First 'jblique vein nearly ntraight, etc.
Pago 248, in three headings, /or Ocranchon read Geiaucon.
Page 241), in heading, /or Oeraiicbon read Oeraocon.
P»g9 2.'i6, line twenty, before parts insert except at base.
Page 31(), lines 5 and 6, for possibly luminiferous read highly decorated.
Page 343, line 4, for in the to-day read to-day in the.
Page 3t)2, line 20, for referred read referable.
Page 446, line 15, and in several places on succeudiu;; pages, for puuctiu read puncta.
Page 610, lines 13 and 14, for abdomen read thorax. 10
ii
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
U. S. Geological Survey,
Division of Fossil Insects, Cambridge, March 14, 1890.
Sik: It is a source of groat regret to me tlhat the volume herewith trans- mitted could not have beeti published during Dr. Hayden's life. It con- tains the first fruits of an undertaking inspired by him and encouraged by his aid. The extent of the task he intrusted to me more than a dozen years ago has been, with the interference of other duties, the occasion of the delay in its execution. The material has grown beyond all expectation, far beyond anything that could have been anticipated.
As originally planned, when the Florissant beds were first carefully exploited, the fossil insects other than those from Florissant were first to be disposed of, and the latter were then to be taken up by orders. The plates were accordingly executed (before the completion of the text) with that plan in view, and the first ten plates herewith transmitted contain very nearly all the extra-Florissant insects known ten years ago. Since then their number has perhaps doubled. The succeeding plates contain the lower orders of Florissant arthropods, ending with the Hemiptera.
The text has been made to conform in large measure to the same plan,
except that the insects of different localities and of different horizons have
been arranged in one systematic series. Descriptions of a considerable
number of species have been introduced for completeness' sake which are
not figured, but of every one of these drawings have been finished and will
be given in some future publication. The early portion of the text was
written many years ago — the Arachnida and Termitina in 1881, most of
the Odonata in 1882, the Ephemeridae and Planipennia in 1883, and the
Trichoptera and Orthoptera in 1884; and, as the general remarks prefixed
to each group were written on the completion of the study of that group,
and would now have to be modified in some slight particulars, I have
tiiought best to let these remarks remain as written, and to append at the
11 ■
12
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
end of each general paragraph the date of writing. To rewrite the whole would unnecessarily delay the appearance of the work, and the dates will explain otlierwise unaccountable, though generally very slight, omissions of later material.
The new portions of the Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were mostly written a year ago, and during the past year the Hemiptera, much the most extensive group in the volume, have been elaborated. In the four later orders the general remarks and summaries attached to the genera, families, etc., of the earlier groups are omitted, because these orders will form the subject of future separate consideration, and the basis for generaliza- tion will then be greatly increased; the representation of these orders in the present volume is very meager, including next to no species froju Florissant.
The publication of this volume will give the first opportunity for any good comparisons between the long known Tertiary insects of Europe and those of any other country; .so far as the lower orders of insects are con- cerned— the only ones here at all fully elaborated — tiiey show that the ma- terial already gathered within the last two decades in America is at least as rich as that of the well gleaned fields of Ktirope. The present volume con- tains descriptions of 1 species of Mjriapoda, 34 of Arachnida, 6G of Neu- roptera, 30 of Orthoptera, 2(56 of Hemiptera, 112 of Coleoptera, 79 of Dip- tera, 1 of Lepidoptera, and 23 of Hymenoptera, in all 612 species. For the lower orders, that is, those here fully treated, these numbers are already slightly in excess of those obtained from the European Tertiaries, if ilie rich amber fauna of the Baltic is excluded; for the corresponding numbers for the European species from the rocks would be approximately as follows : Myriapoda, 1 ; Arachnida, 24 (recently, however, nearly doubled); Neu- roptera, Ptd; Orthoptera, 36; and Hemiptera, 218; a total of 338 species against 31(7 for the American rocks. There is no doubt that this excess would be found even greater in the higher orders by the material already many years in hand ; and the extent of the insect-bearing rocks of the West, which as yet have been touched only here and there, is so immeas- urably greater than that of similar European strata that only the lack of students in this field of American paleontology can prevent our deposits from assuming a commanding position in the world. Very respectfully, yours,
SiAlUEL H. SCUDDER.
Hon. J. W. Powell,
Director U. S. Geological Survei/, Washinffton, D. C.
THE TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
By Samuel H. Souddeb.
INTRODUCTION.
That creatures so minute and fragile as insects, creatures which can so feebly withstand the changing seasons as to Hve, so to speak, hut a moment, are to be found fossil, engraved, as it were, upon the rocks or embedded in their hard mass, will never cease to be a surprise to those unfamiliar with the fact. "So fragile," says Quinet', " so eusy to crush, you would readily believe the insect one of the latest beings produced by nature, one of those which has least resisted the action of time ; that its type, its genera, its forms, must have been ground to powder a thousand times, annihilated by the revolutions of the globe, and perpetually thrown into the crucible. For where is its defense! Of what value its antennae, its shield, its wings of gauze, against the commotions and the tempests which change the surface of the earth ? When the mountains thems(3lves are overthrown and the seas uplifted, when the giants of structure, the mighty quadrupeds, change form and habit under the pressure of circumstances, will the insect withstand them ? Is it it which will display most character in nature? Yes! The universe flings itself against a gnat. Where will it find refuge? In its very diminutive- ness, its nothingness."
The pages and plates of the present volume bear testimony to the fact that our tertiary strata have preserved remnants of an ancient host, so varied in structure, so closely also resembling their brethren of to-day, that nearly or quite every prevalent family-group in the entire range of the insect-world has already been detrcnstrated to have then existed. While often fragmentary and crushed, sometimes beyond recognition, a not in- significant number are sufficiently preserved for us to repopulate the past ;
• £. <iuinet: La Creation, vol. 1, p. 197.
13
14
INTRODUCTION.
HomotinioH, too, are they preserved in such a wonderful manner that in tiny creatures with a spread of wings scarcely more than a couple of millimeter»< one may count under the microscope the hairs fringing the wings.
In attempting tlms to restore the past world of our insects, two or three general features have been forced upon my attention, which nmy well be mentioned here. One of them is the remarkable tact that in hardly a single instance has the same species been found at. two distinct localities. These localities, it is true, are in some instances separated by hundreds or even thousands of miles, and analogy with the present distribution of insects would lead us to expect more or less profound changes in passing from one to another. But at other times the distance is not great, or at any rate not great enough to make this a satisfactory reason. It is more proba- ble that the beds in wlpch they occur are not altogether synchronous ; and we are led to believe that in the separation of horizons insects will give more precise and definite distinctions than may be gained by the study of the plant remains of the same beds. The data at our disposal are not yet suffi- ciently varied to enable us to speak with any confidence, but wiien the other groups of Florissant insects, not considered in the present volume, are worked out, and the new material that is at iiand from the other princi- pal localities has been fairly studied, it may be found that we are armed with a new weapon of attack in solving the inmiediate succession of the Tertiary series of the West in their finer subdivisions.
Another point to which attention may be drawn is the very considerable number and quite e.xf raordinary proportion of species which so far are repre- sented by a sinj^le specimen. Leaving out of considerjition certain marvel- ously prevalent forms in the beds of Florissant, such as certain Formicida), Alydina, etc., one working these beds, from which many thousands of insects have already been taken, may confidently expect that every third or fourth specimen will prove something new. A quite similar statement can be made of all, or all but one, of the other localities where insects have been found in our Tertiary deposits : it surely indicates that with all the rich results of the explorations .so far undertaken we are only upon the threshold of our possible knowledge. We find a richness of fauna far exceeding any- thing before supposed possible.
The interest of the Tertiary fauna is further enhanced by the discovery that no inconsiderable proportion of the species in this fauna must be re-
INTBODUOTION.
16
ferred to genera not now extant. Granted that our knowledge of the sub- tropical forms of this continent (with which as a whole at least our Floris- sant fauna seems to be akin) is much too meager to be of great service ; granted also that in many cases we are forced to establish new genera upon what would be regarded among recent animals as too slender grounds : it . is nevertheless true that an unexpectedly large number of ,forms can not be forced into modern genera already established ; in many cases, throughout whole groups, kindred differences from modern types are found which in- dicate considerable changes of structure in the intervening epochs along parallel lines. In illustration of this we would call special attention to the differences observed in the genera of plant-lice, and, in several places among other Hemiptera as well as among the Coleoptera, to the decided dif- ferences in the relative length of various members of the body. My own belief, which springs from the comparisons instituted in the study of this fauna, is that a much larger proportion of genera should really have been founded, and that, for every type which may turn up in Central American explorations of the near future identical with tliose now established upon the fosi»ils alone, it will be necessary to separate from the familiar sun-ound- ings in whicii I have placed it some other of the insects from the same beds.
It should be stated that the larger part of tiie plates in this volume were engraved before the insects were studied, except in a cursory manner to separate the species; the insects are therefore not always properly grouped, and the legends upon the plates are in part inaccurate.
In tiie enumeration of the specimens at the end of the specific descrip- tions the numbers of the obverse and reverse of the same specimen are always connected by " and " without any intervening comma, and this typographical method is employed only for expressing this relation.
In the study of these extinct insects much assistance has been received from friends, to whom my cordial thanks are due; for valuable suggestions from the late Dr. J. L. LeConte, from Baron R. von Osten Sacken, Edward Burgess, Esq., and Drs. G. H. Horn and H. A. Hagen; for tlse open collec- tions of the late G. D. Smith, Esq., and of Messrs. E. P. Austin and Samuel Henshaw; and for importiant aid in obtaining typical series of modern insects in various groups by Messrs. E. P. Austin, P. R. Uhler, E. P. Van Duzee, Edward Burgess, Dr. A. Forel, and most especially Mr. Samuel Henshaw.
wmf
\ *
Entomological Branch department of agriculture
OTTAWA - - CANADA
LOCALITIKS WHERK TERTIARY INSECTS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN AMERICA.
Florissant, Colormlo. — Tlio Tortiary lako biisiii ut Florissant,' already famous for ita prolific beds of jjlants and insects, is situated in a narrow valley high up in the mountains at t. j southern extremity of the Front Range of Colorado, at no g'-eat distance from I'ike's I'eak.
The basin is shown on Sheet l.'J of the geological atlas of Colorado, publish(jd by Dr. Hayden's survey, and its outlines are marked with con- siderable accuracy, although upon a comparatively small scale. The ancient lako lies in the valley of the present South Fork of Twin Creek, and of the upper half of the main stream of the same after the South Fork has joined it. Following the old stage road from South Park to (!)olorado Spi'ings, and leaving it just above the railway station at Florissant, and then taking the road which leads over the divide toward Cailon City, we pass between the Platte River and the Arkansas divide, through the entire lenjith of the basin. This road crosses the Soutli Platte a .short distance, say a kilometer and a half, below the inoutli of Twin Greek, climbs a long gradual slope on ilie east bank of the river to an open grassy glade about 2,500 meters above the sea, and then descends a little more than three kilo- meters from the river to join the valley of Twin Creek. One scarcely begins the descent before his attention is attracted by tiie outcropping of drab-colored shales, whic'i continue until almost the very sunmiit of the divide is reached and the descent toward the Arkansas bejjun, a travelinij distance of not far from l.'J kilometers. The shales uiay indeed be seen for several kilometers on the farther side of this divide, but no organic remains have yet been found in them.
By climbing a neighboring peak, thric(i baj)tized as Crystal j\Iountain, Topaz Butte, and Cheo{)s Pyi'amid, and known to the old miners as Slim Jim, we obtained an admirable bird's-eye view of the ancient lake and the
' TliU iiucouiit ol' Kliirissaiit i.s taken almost bodily from u papur by Prof, Arthur Lakos ami myself (Bull. U. S. (5tM>l. .Siirv. Torr., vol. ti, IHtjl, pp. -JTS), Boq.).
17
VOL XHI-
18
TKIM'IAUY INSKCrrS OK NORTH AMKIUOA.
smTninidiiifj rc^^ioii, To tlio HotithouHt Ih Pike'R Peak ; to tlio west South I'lU'k iiiui tlio catloi) of tliu South I'hitte, Hhowii ))y u <lu|)n>Hhioii ; to tho cxtrciiK* Hoiith tho <j;niu(l ciifiou (»f tlic Arkunsas; wh lo to tlio nortli a fow sharp, raggod, {fraiiito poaks HuruioiMit the low woodod hills and ravinos characteristir of tho noarcr roj^ioii. Anioiifjf thoso hills uiul ravinos, und only u little hroadcr than tho rest of the latter, lies, to tho south, tho ancient Florissant liako hasin, marked by an irrej^ular L-shapod jfrassy meadow, tho southern half liroador and more rolling than tho northwestern, the latter more broken and with ilccpor inh^ts.
Ki'oalling its ancient condition it will appear that this elevated lake must have been a beautiful, tliougi: shallow,' sheet of water. Topaz Hutte, and a nameless lower idevation lying oiglit kilometers to its southwest, which we may call Castello's Mciuutaiu, guarded the head of tho lake upon one side and the (Uher, rising .'iOO oi" K)0 meters above its level. It was honmu'd in on all sides by nearer granitic hills, whose woodetl slopes came to the water's edge ; sometimes, especially on the niu'thern and eastern sides, rising altruptly, at others gradually sloping, so that reeds and Hags grew in tho shallow waters by the shore. The waters of the lake penetrated in deep inlets b(>tweeu the hills, giving it a varied and tortuous outline: although only about \Ct\ kilometers long and very muTOw, its margin must have ui('asun'(l over 70 kihuneters in extent. Still greater variety was gained by steep promonlories, 20 meters or more in height, which pro- jected abruptly into the lake from either side, nearly dividing it into a chain of three or four une(|ual and very irregular open p<mds, nnniing in a northwest-southeast directi«)n, and a larger and less indented sheet, as large as tho others conil)iued, <M)nuected with tho southwesternmost of the three ])ya narrow channel, and dottecl with numerous hmg and narrow wooded islets just rising al>o\(^ the surface.
Tho ancient outlet of the whoh^ .system was probably at the southern extremity; at h'iist tlit; marks of the lake deposits reach within a few meters of the ridge uhicli mow separates the watersofthe IMatte and Arkansas; the nature of the l»Msin itsell', and the much more rapi<l de.sc(uit of the present surface on tlie soutlirrn sidi' of this divide lead to this conclusion. At the l;ist elevation of the Ikocky Abunitain chain the drainage tlow of this iunne- diato region was reversed ; the elevation coming fron> a southerly or south-
I Till' .^liiillowiirss <i|' till' liiki' in iiiiliiiiti'il liy tin" iliaiacli-r of tin' I'mli, tlin himi cnukiiiK of hoiiic of III" hIuiIi'h anil till' I'l'i'i't '<i'i|lliii:i Htiilii|iM.
I
TUK KLOKISHANT LAKK ItAHIN.
19
unsterly dirootioii (|n!rlm|m from Pike's Poiik), tlio liiko, or HorioM of lakeH, WHS (IriiiiKid dry l)y oiuptyiii^ at tlio nortliwesteru oxtrmiiitv. 'I'lio draiimge of tli(! vall(fy now fi(»>v('d into a brook wliich followtnl tiiu dtu'por part of its fornHU' floor, and tlio waters of tli(» ro<(ion have since emptied into tlio I'iatto and not tlio Arkansas, passinjy in tiioir course between Topaa IJutte and (Jastello's iMountain.
The promontories projectiiifj into the lake on either side are formed of trachyte or other voUianic lavas, apparently occurrinj,' in fissures directly athwart tlie {^eneral course of the northwestern or upper series of lakes, and masses of tlie same occur at many different points alon<f the ancient siiore, su(!h as the western (!orner where tlie waters of the lake were finally discharj^ed; in the neighborhood of the viliajyo; along the eastern ^^^all of the lowermost of the chain of upper lakes, near where the present road divides; and at points along- both eastern aiid western walls of the lower southern lake. In jreneral the trachytic flows seem to bo confined to the (Miges of the lacustrine basin, but some, if not all, of the mesas or ancient islands of the southern lake have trachytic flows over them ; and tovva'd the southern extremity of the lake what was onco a larger island now forms a rounded hill with steep northern walls, crowned by heavy beds of dark trachyte, and its slopes (lovered with (piantities of vesicular scoriic. The rough uul craggy knoll immediately overlooking the present village of Florissant, the reputed scene of Indian combats,' is witness of hotter times than those; vertical cylindrical holes, with smooth walls, in which a man could hide from sight, funnels scored by heat, mark, perhaps, the presence of former geysers; the basaltic roc^ks themselves jne ih-eply fissured by the breaking up of the planes of divisions between the cohunns, affording the best protection to the Uto and Arapahoe warriors. Ihit the very shales of the; lake itself, in which the myriad i)laiits and ins(>cts are entombed, are wholl}' composed of volcanic sand and ash; !'» meters or more thick they lie, in alternating hners of coarser and finer material. About half of this, now lying beneath the general surface of the ground, consists of heavily- bedded drab shales, with a conchoidal fracture, and is totally destitute of fossils. The upp(n' half I s been eroded and carried away, leaving, how- ever, the fragmentary remains of this great ash deposit clinging to the bor- ders of the basin and surrounding the islands; a uiore convenient arrange-
'Tlieir riulo fortiticiilions still crown tlio Niiniiiiit.
20
THllTIAKY INHHCTB OF NORTH AMKUICA.
i1
:
inont fur tho proHeiit uxplurur could not hiivo boon doviHod. That tlio mouitu of tho voh'unii; iiHhuH iniiHt havu boeu cIomu at hand huciiih almnihiiitly proved by tliu ditlbruuco in tho depositH ut tho oxtronio oiids ot' th « !i»ko an will bo shown in tho HoctiouH to bo yivon. Not oidy docs tho tliickiiosH of tho bods ditVor at tho two points, but it is diiKoult to brini^' thoni into any- thin^r boyond tho most gonoral conuordanco.
Thoro aro still othor proof's of disturbanro. Around ono of tho <,'ranitic islands in tlio southorii lako basin tho shalos niontionod woro cappod l)y from ono and a half to two and a half motors of sodimontary matt^rial, roaohin;>' noarly to tho crown of the hill, tho lowest bed of which, a little more tlian three decimeters thick, formed a rej^ular horizontal stratmn of small vol- canic pebbles and sand (A and H of Dr. Wadswctrth's note, further on), while the part above is much coarser, resemblin}^ a breccia, and is very un- evenly bedded, pitchinjf at every possible angle, seamed, joint(>d, and weather-worn, curved and twisted, and inclosiii"' pockets of fine laminated shales, also of volcanic ash, in which a few fossils are found (0 of Dr. Wads- worth's note"). Those beds cap tho series of rej^fular and evenly stratified shales (D of tho same note), and aro perhaps synchronous with tho disturb- aiica which tilted and oniptieil the basin. Tho uppermost evenly bedded shales then lonned the hard floor (»f the lake, and these contorted beds the softer, but hardening, and therefore more or loss tenacious, deposits on that floor.
The excavation of tho filled-up basin we must presume to be due to the ordinary ageniiies of atmospheric erosion. The islai.d s in the lower lake take now as then the form of tho granitic nucleus; nearly all are long and narrow, but their trend is in every direction Ijoth acro.ss and along the val- ley in which they rest, (jfi-eat masses of tho shales still adhere e(pially on every side to tho rocks against which they were deposited, proving that time aloiu 1(1 no rude agency has degraded the ancient floor of the lake.
i'lie shali's in the .southern basin dip to tho north or northwest at an angle of about two degrees, and according to the contours of the llayden Survey, the southern end of the ancient lake is now elevated nearly two hinidrcd and fifty meters above tlu; extreme northwestern point. The greater part of this present slope of the lako border will be found in the southern half, wlxin* it can not fail to at once strike the observant eye, tho .soufliernninst margin close to the siinnnit of tlu^ divide being nearly two hundred meters higher than the margin ne.Nt the hill by the forks of the road.
li H^
TIIK FFiOIUaSANT I.AKK IJASIN. 21
Our oxniniiiatioii of tlio dopoHitM of tli'iH IiictiHtrine hnnin wan priiicipnily nuulo ill II Miiiiill liill, from which porhiipn tho InrgcHt number of foHHiUhavo hoon taken, lying jii«t south of tho hoiiHo of Mr. Adam Hill, now owned by Mr. Thompson, and upon Iuh ranch. I/iko the other ancient iMetH of tluH upland lak(>, it now forms a mesa or flat-topped hill about ten or a dozen nii'tcrs high, purhapH a hundred meters long and twonty-tivo broad. Around its (Mistcrn base are some of tho famous petrified trees— huge, upright trunks, standiiig as thoy ginnv, which aro reported to have been five or six meters high at the advent of tho present residents of tho region. Piecemeal they have b('(Mi destroyed by van(hvl tourists, until now not one of thom rises more than a motor above tho surface of tho ground, and many of them are entirely leveled; but their huge size is attested by tho relics, tho largest of wliic.h can bo soen to have been three or four meters in dian;otor. These gigantic trees appear to be Sequoias, as far as can bo told from thin sections of the wood submitted to Dr. Georgo \j. Goodale. As is well known, re- mains of more than one species of Sequoia have been found in tho shales at their base.
At the opposite sloping end of this mesa ft trench -was dug from top to bottom to determine tho character of tho different layers, and tho section exposed was carefully measured and studied. In the work of digging this trench we received the very ready and welcome assistance of our com- panion, Mr. F. C. Howditch, and of Mr. Hill.
From what information wo could gain about the wells in this neigh- borhood and from a shaft sunk obliquely in the side of a hill near the northwestern extremity, it would appear that tho present bod of the ancient Florissant lake is entirely similar in composition for at least ten meters below the surface, consisting of heavily bedded non-foasiliferous shales, having a conchoidal fracture. Above these basal deposits, on the slope of tho hill, we found the following series, from above downward, commencing with tho evenly bedded strata :
SECTION IN SOT'THERN LAKE.
(fly S. n. Sciiitder and A. I.akeii.)
CentiiiiPliT^.
1. Finely laniiimlod, uveiily lieildoil, light-gray Hbalo; plants and insects scarco and poorly
proscrvpd 3. 'i
2. LiKlit-lii'own, soft and plialdo, line-drained sandstone; nnfossiliferons !>
3. Coarser, rerrnjrinoiis sandstone; nnt'ossiliferons • 3.8
4. Kexflnililin^ No. 1 : leaves and insect remains 21
6. H.ird, compact, urayisli-lilaolt slialo, lireakinj; with a conchoidal fracture, seamed in tho
middle with a narrow strip of ilrah shale; fragments of plants 28
^BP
22
TKRTIAKV INSKCI'S OF NOK'TH AMKMOA.
ti. Kerr II j;i lions sliiilo ; iiiifosNililVmiiH 1,5
T, K<^Heiiil>liii){ Nil. r>, lint liavinj; iin I'uncliiiidiil fr.ii'tnn-; Nt)>inH of pl.tiiLs, insoclN, anil a small
liivahi' niolliisk 9
8. Very lini^ K''",v ocliri'iiiis sliiiU<; iiiin-foNsilirciiins 0. r>
!•. Drab MJiali's. imerlainiiuti'il with lint'ly illvitliiil |ia|irr shales dl' li);lit-;;ra,v culor; steiiiH ut'
plan I.-, iirils, ami insects Ifi
10, Crnii'liliiiK I'eliii'iiiis sliale; leaves itlMiniliint<, inseutH ruro "..'"i
11. Drab shales; no lussils .^ 7.5
IJ. Coarse. reiru;;iuons samlstiine; nii t'ossils ;{. 8
Kl. Very !iaril drab shales, ha\ in); a ciinehoiilal trait iire aiiil lilleil with noilnles; nufossilif-
eroiis t')3
H. I'inely lainiiiuted yellowish i>r ilrab shales leavi-s and frajrineiUs of ]dautH, with » few
ins.'els 30
ir..
Hi. 17.
18. lit. •-'II
ai a:i
24.
•Hi.
a7.
Alleriiatiiij; layersordarker and lij;hli'r;;rav and liniwii t'errajjinoiissaiidstdno; ni) fossils.. 10 Diali shales; leaves, scimN, and other parts ol' [ilants, with in .eels, all in alinndauce .... til
KerriiKinons, iiiiroiis, sandy shales; no fossils ,''1.7
Dark Hi'',v and yellow shales ; leaves and otiier part.s of plants !l
Interstraiilii'd shales, resenililin;; 17 and 1"* ; leaves andi;ther parts of plants, with insects. . 17. "^
Thiikly bedded ehoeolatecolomd shales; no fossils "II
I'orons yellow shale, inlersliatilie 1 with seams of very thin dral) eolored shales; pliiits .. 7. .1
Heavily bedde.l ilioroi ale eolored shales; no fossils ;10
Tliinly beilded diab shales; perteet leaves, with perfeet and iinperfeet frafjiuentsof plants,
and a few broken insects
Thinly bedded li;;lit drab shahs, weathering very light ; without fossils
Tliiek bedded drab shales, bre.ikinj; with a eonehoidal fracture; aUu destitnluof fossilu..
Coarse arenaecons shale ; iinfossiliferons
Gray sandstone, eontainingdeeoinposiug fraginiMits of some whito iiiinural, perhaps ealcitu ;
no tossils
20
20
IH
9
178
28 Coarse, ferrngiuons, friable sandstone, with I'oniietioiis of a softer material ; fragments of
stems [lerliaps.. 00
29. Thinly bedded dnib shales, liaviii;;; a eonehoidal fracture, HOinuwhat lignitic, with frag- ments of rools, etc 2i>
;U). Oark-ehoeolate shale.s, containing yellowish concretions; tilled w'lh steim and roots of
plants . '-'.'>
Total thickness of evenly bedded .shales (" D," of Dr. Wadsworth's note) above (loor depositH iMeters). ti.tltiH
Tlu; 1h'(1 which lia.s hct-ii most wnrkcil for insects iiiid Iciives, iintl in wliidi thev iirc uiii|Ucstioiial)Iy tlic most abiiiiiljiiir and ItesI picsi-i-vcil, is tht? thick bed, NO 1(1, lyii^' lialt'-wjiy up the hill,;iiiil luiiiposcil of riipidly alternating^ hods of Viirioiislv coh>red th-ub shales. ISelow this, insects were plentiful onlv ill Xo. IJ), and above it in Nos. 7 and !•; in other Iteds thev nccurred only rarehor in fraiiineiits IMaiits were always iibnndant wliere insects wore found, but alsi» oceiii'i'ed in many strata where insects were either not discovered. -lu-li as Nos IS aiid'Jl in the lower half iiiid Xo. fi in the iip])er half, or were rare, as in Xos, 1(> ami 14 abtixt; the middle and Xo. 2'.'> below; the cii;trser lii^iiites occurred iinlv near (lie base.
riio thickest unfii>siliferous beds, Xos. "Jd ami 27, were iilniost iiiiiforin
III character throu;ilii)ut, and did not readily split into laminte. indicating .-111 enormous shower of ashes or a mud flow ;it the time of their deposition: their character was similar to that of the Hoor beds of the basin.
TllK FliOKlSSANT LAKK 15AS1N.
23
These beds of shale vary in color from yellow to dark brown. Above them all lay, as already stated, from fifteen to twenty -live decimeters of coarser, more granulated sediments, all but the lower bed broken up and greatly contorted. These reached almost to the summit of the mesa, whicii was strewn with granitic gravel and a few pebbles of lava.
Specimens of these upper irregular beds, and also of the underlying shales, were submitted to Dr. M. E. Wadsworth, of Cambridge, Massachu- setts, now of Houghton, Michigan, who caused thin sections to be made from them and ha.s furnished the following account of their microscopical structure :
TUFA FROM FLORISSANT.
The method ami scheme of classification cuiployctl here is that briefly sketched in the liiiUetiii of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (vol. 5, pp. 275-287). I»y this system only do we tliink that the inclosed fragments could be named, for they contain so few crystals that in most cases the base is the jtrincipal tiling upon which the decision must rest.
A.— TllK l-INKlt DKPOSIT .Tl'ST AHOVK TIIK SIIAI.KS.
A medium-grained gray tufa, containing crystals and fragments of feldspar, augite, etc., cemented by a line earthy groundmass.
In the thin section it is seen to be an epitome of the volcanic rocks of tlie Cordil- leras. The groundmass holds fragments of basalt, an.lesite, trachyte, and riiyolite, with detached minerals derived from them.
The basaltic fragments have in part a dense globulitic base porphyritically hold- ing ledge formed plagiocli.'se crystals and a few augite jiiantdes. Some of the basalt is <iuite coarsely crystallized, approa(!hing the doleritic type. Ulivine was observed in some of the fragments, but it is largely altered to a reddish-brown serpentine. Mag- netite is abundant. In many of the fragments the groundmass has decomposed to a reddish-brown mass, which is untransparent and holds clear crystals of plagioelase. The basaltic fragments have sntl'ered more from alteration and decomposition than any others in tlie tufa.
Of andesite, both varieties pointed out by us (loc. cit., p. 280) occur in this tufa. The first, wiiich is nearest the basalt in conii)osition, has a brow n glass as its base, filled with microlites. This base holds miiuUe rectangular and oblong crystals of feldspar. Large microlites of augite and grains of magnetite were seen. Fragments of this are (H)nimon, and are clear and unaltered. The second variety of andesite was seen to have a dense gray micro felsitic base, holding ledge-tbnned feldspars and magnetite grains. Some contained tlie reddisli-brown fibers of the destroyed hornblende. Frag nients of tli's variety of andesite are (piite abundant.
The trachyte Inis a light gray, felty, and glassy base, some fragmeuls showing be- sides this only faint traces of polarization caused by incipient feldspais. Other Irag- ments show minute, well-formed crystals that appear to be sanidin. (irains of mag- netite occur scattered througii the base. This is als() quite abund;int, aiul it, as well as the basalt and andesite, surpasses the rhyolite in amount.
The rhyolite occurs in the form of a more or less clear glass, often «'ellular. The cells are often drawn out in tiie direction of the original How, forininga tihroiis struct
n I
24
TKUTIAKY INSKCrS OF NDUril AMKKICA.
lire, which when of n {jrayish or roddish brown color rcsoinblcs woody fiber. Some of the fragiiu'iits contain ellii»itical cells, and a few shards of water-clear glass free from iuclnsions were seen.
Many crystals, entire or broken, are scattered tlironghont the groundmass of the tufa. These crystals belong to plagioclase, sanidin, olivine, magnetite, angite. and qnartz. Bat little quartz was observed ; one crystal contained trichiti's and vapor cavities. The trichites are the same .is those commonly seen in the quartz of granite, but this appears to iiivve been derived from the lava. The feldspar coutains inclu- sions of base, glass, and microlites, .itid tiirough these the rook from which the feld- spar was derived can often be told. The aiigites have the characters of andesitic; augite. A little palagonite and one crystal of microline were seen.
The groundmass of the tufa is ctmiposed of comiiiiiiuted and dectomposed material derived from the lavas before described. In the groundmass trachytic and rhyolitic niiiterial appears to predominate.
This specimen was chosen for description, as it best represented the general char- iicters of the tufaa.
B.— TlIK CllAHSKR DEPOSIT .lUST AllOVr. TUT. SUAI.KS.
This is more coarsely fragmental than any of the others, and is composed of a yel- lowish brown earthy groundmass, holding fraguients of (piartz, feldspar, basalt, etc. Some of the fragments appear to belong to tiio older rocks, but none of them were seen in the section. Under the microscope the tufa is similar to the first one desciribed, but its fragments are larger and sometimes bettc marked. Somekaolinized feldspars and a little biotite were seen. The hornblende in the aiulesite is in the usual broken forms, with blackened edges.
C. — A SPrCIMKX KliO.M PIVEH PORTION' OF TIIK CI'PFR COXTOUTED IlKDS.
A yellowish earthy gnmndmass holding crystals and fragments of augite and feld- spar. On one side is a layer of Hue detritus, composerl of tlie same material as the groundmass of the more coarsely fragmental portion. Its microscopic characters are similar to those of A, except that its materials are more decomposed and sanidin is more abundant. One kaolinized feldspar was observed.
!>.— TiiiiEK si'i;( r-MKN's or iiii; iNsi( i'siiai.ks.
These are brownish an<l gr.iyisli brown shales, iieingsimi>ly the finer material of the tufas laid down in lamina' of varying thickness and coarsen.'ss. One is very till 111 V bedded.
ii'
This volcanic mateiial liasevideiilly been workeil over by water, but the conditions can of course best be told in the Held. So far. however, as wr- can Judge by inicro- scojiic examination, when the water conimcnccd its work tiie material was in Ioo.st> nncoiisolidatcd deposits. That it was thrown out as an ash, m' latlu'r <leposited as a moi/n near its present location, is the most probable siipiiositioii. It seems then to have been taken iqi by the waves and spread out as it is now found. The rea.son for this opinion is that the fragments are not worn, as tiiey would iiataially be if they had been ili'ri\ed directly from solid rock by water action, and tiie decomposition is not so great as we should expect. The deposition appears to have been ;^entle but compara- tively rapid, tor there is no sign of violence <u' e\en of such decomposition as weshouhl expect III kIow deposition; and showers of ashes falliii;' on still water cu' a lake acting on an iiiiiMiiisolidated tufa bank answer best the eonditlims called for here. It is
tl
THE FLOKJS8ANT LAKE BASIN. 26
probable from the kaolinized feldspars and the macroscopic fragments of apparently older rocks that the latter are present in the tufa to some extent. This can best be explained by the supposition thai it was deposited as a nioya or mudflow within reach of the waters that have worked it over and deposited it in its present position. As we said befoi?, the field evidence must be relied upon mainly in deciding such questions
as these.
M. E, Wadsworth. Cambridge, MissACHus,ETTS, April 15, 1880.
Another section, less carefully measured and noted with less detail than the other, was taken at the extremity of one of the promontories jutting in a southwesterly direction into the middle of the upper chain of lakes, about three kilometers west of the present post-office. The top of the hill was covered with granitic gravel and loose bowlders of dark scoriaceous trachyte; below this we found, passing, as before, from above downward, the following succession:
SECTION IN THE NORTHWESTERN LAKE.
(By S. If. Sciiddir and J. Lakes.)
Decimctors (eatimateil).
1. Finely laminated yellow-drali Hbales; no fossils 12
2. ConrsB ilecoiiiposing yellow isb shales : no fossils 12
3. Fine compact drab shales; perfect reinuins of plants and insects 15
4. Arenaceous shales; very lignitic 6
5. Ht.'avily bedded, coarse-grained, crumbling sandstone, of a grayish-yellow and whitish color, be-
coming ferrnginons in places; partially lignitic GO
6. Chocolate and drab colored shales having a conchoidal fracture, passing below into whitish paper-
like shales inclosed between coarse arenaceous laminic; plants and insects 45
Total thickness of shales above floor deposits. (Meters, estimated) 15
These measurements, being estimated, are undoubtedly too great. The composition of this bluff is coarser in character than that of the section in the southern extension of the lake. The lignitic beds, which have been used for quarrying j)urpo.set% contain numerous fragments of reeds and roots not well preserved. The lower portions of the section correspond better with the other than do the upper beds, where it is difficult to trace any correspondence: No. .'} of the northwestern seems, however, to corre- spond to No. Ifi of the southern series. The whiti.sh paper shales lying at the base of this appear to be entirely aljsent from the southern section, and the distorted beds which crown the mesa are not apparent in the bluff, or, if present, are wholly regular. A more careful and detailed section of the bluff (for which we had not time), and particularly the tracing of the beds along the wall of the lake, would probably bring to light better correspond- ences.
26
TKRTIAllY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKIMI'A.
Judging from the present pliysical coiulition of tlie basin, its age is marked as later than the movements which chased the Cretaceous epoch and earlier than the last upheaval in the Tertiary, which seems to have taken place during or after Miocene times, but there are no physical data yet at hand to warrant detinite conclusions on this head.
The insects preserved in the Florissant basin are wonderfully numer- ous, this one locality having yielded in a single suunner more than double the number of specimens which the famous localities at Oeningen, in JJava- ria, furnished Heer in thirty years. Having \ isited both places I can tes- tify to the greater prolificness of the IHorissant beds. As a rule the Oen- ingen specimens are better preserved, but in the same amount of shale we still find at Florissant a nnich larger luunber of satisfactory specimens than at Oeningen, and the quarries arc tifty times as extensive and far more easily worked.
The examination of the immense series of specimens found at Floris- sant has not 3'et critically covered the whole liold. It may, nevertheless, be interesting to make the single compari.son with the Oeningen insect fauna which the number of individuals will furnish. This is indicated by the following table:
Pt'nciituge of represeutatiou by-
Hymcnoptera. Lcpidoptcra . .
Diptcra
Colooptera . . . Heniiptcra . .. Nciiroptcra . . . Orthoptcra . .. Aracbnida
|
At Flo- |
At Oen- |
|
rissant. |
iiififii. |
|
40 |
14 |
|
U.04 |
0.1 |
|
■M> |
7 |
|
1:1 |
4H |
|
U |
!•,' |
|
.'» |
17 |
|
ii.'.'r> |
3 |
|
0.^5 |
0.5 |
99.04
101.0
It will be seen that in all the orders that are well represented the pro- portion (tf specimens of each is very dilfereiit, with tlie sole exception of the Ilemiptera, while the same groups (Ortlioptera, Aiacliiiida, and Lepi- doptera) are feebly represented in both. The greatest dillerence occurs in the Diptera, which are less than 7 per cent, of tlie whole at Oeningen and about .'{() per cent, at Floris.sant; in the Ilymenoptcra, which have less than 11 per cent, at Oeningen and 10 per cent at I'iorissiint, due largely to the
TIIK KLOHISSANT LAKK BASIN.
27
))rotligiou8 number of ants; while the cuho is reversed in Coleoptera, which form nearly one-half the specimens found at Oeningen and only 13 per cent, at Florissant. We possess no count of the specimens found at Rado- hoj, in Croatia, which is regrettable, since the fauna of Florissant a])pears to agree nuich better with it than with any other in one or two points, such as the comparatively minor part played by the Coleoptera and the great ninnberof ants; these latter number fifty-seven species in Radoboj, and five hundred specimens have been found of one of them. Still the comparison can not be carried very closely into other departments; for instance, only one rhynchophorous coleopteron has been reported from Radoboj, while they are very numerous and rich in species at Florissant, and local causes must have had much to do with the fauna of each of these locialities. It is hardly worth while to institute any in(piiries into the proportion of the groups rejjrescnted at Florissant and in amber, since the nature of the entombment is entirely different.
Since so far as the Florissant insects are concerned only the lower orders are reported upon in the present volume, it niay be worth while to present a rapid sketch of the higher orders, to complete in however impor- tcct a way the partial view of the Florissant insect fauna which the volume affords.
About three-fifths of the Coleoptera belong to the normal series and two-fifths to the rhynchophorous division. Tliere are eighty to ninety spec- imens of Carabidje, including, perhaps, twenty -five species; many of them are ver\' fine and perfect, especially in the sculi)turing of the elytra. Water- beetles are not so numerous as would \)e anticipated; indeed, there arc very few specimens, witli perhaps half a dozen species; there are no large species such as occur abundantly at Oeningen; the largest of our species, perhaps an Ilydrophilus, not exceeding twelve millimeters in length. The Staphy- linid.'c are rather more numerous than the ground-beetles, with over thirty species, some of them toleraljl}' large. There are half a dozen species of Xitidhlida'. Some sixty or more Scaraba'ida'; show considerable variety, thei-e being neai-ly thirty species among them. Nearly as many liuprestidiu have quite as great variety of form; a considerable number of them are large and nearly all fairly preserved, some remarkably perfect; one s]KH'ies, Chry- sobothris haydeni, has been described. Flaterida; an* more al)undaut, num- bering more than one hundred species, many of them in beautiful coudi-
28
TERTIARY IN8KCTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
I
il
tion J they .ire abundant in species, over forty having' been separated, and are niosily of a medium, none of a hwge, size. Considerably over one hundred specimens are to be referred to the Meloida*, Mordellichv, and Mala- codennata, but the specimens do not appear to be very well preserved, although about forty species may be distinguished. The Cerambycida; are very beautiful, furnishing thirty or more specimens, representing more than half as many species ; one fine species of a new extinct genus, Parolamia rudis, has already l)een described, and there are others equally fine. There are a d.izen or more species of Bruohid.T, one of which, Spennophag\is vivi- ficatus, has been published. Chryscmielidre are not uncommon ; thus far 1 have recognized about two dozen species among the sixty or eighty speci- mens; one, Oryatoscirtetes protogicus, belong* r.g to a new genus, lias already been published. Nearly twenty species of Tenebrionida^ have been separated, rarely represented by more than a single specimen each, and there are also a few (from two to ten species each) of Silphida', llisterida'. Derniestidie, Ptinida", and Coccinellida', and a single species each of Cleridu' and Telephoridic, the latter already described under the nameof Chauliog- nathus pristinus. Two specimens of Ithynchophora, Anthonomus defossus and Hurhinus occultus, have been described ; I have already mentioned file predominance of this type in opposition to the European Tcrtiaries; the species are very numerous, nearly one hundred and twent}' having been sepaiated, with over five hundred sj)ecimens, and amon >• them are a goodly njiniber of large and fine species; but some of the minutest are most admi- rably preserved ; especially is this true of the sculpturing of the tiiorax and elytra; no attempt, however, has yet been made to do more than rudely separate the species, so that no details can now bo given.
Nearly a third of all the specimens I have seen from Florissant belong to the Diptera. Culicid;e and Cliiroiiomidjc are abinidaiit, but not gener- ally very i)erfect. Tipulidai are abundant anrl admirably preserved; of the larger ft»rms alone tlwre ap|)ear to be several hinidred specin\ens, and apparently a considerable numljer of species ; tiie smaller Tipidida', including the Linuiobina, are also al)un(laMt and well preserve<l. Many beautiful Mycetopliilidip occur, probably tnenty or thirty species. l{il»i- onida' are the pn^vailing type among the Diptera; there nuist be a thousand specimens ]>elonging to this family, and on a cursory view there appears to be no great variety ; probably both here and in the ants, as in some gen-
! I
THE FLOKISSANT LAKE 1JA8IN.
20
em of plants, it will appear that there are vast numbers of a single species -, a great 'luiny specimens are represented by bodies only, or these accom- panied by insignificant fragments of wings, but even putting all these aside thc'o remain a goodly number with tolerably perfect wings, and some in which almost every part of the body is preserved ; taken as a whole, how- ever, they are perhaps less perfect than specimens of almost any other fam- ily. There are a dozen or more Stratiomyidje, of two or three species, and several species of I\Iidasidii' or Hirmoneurida?, one admirable specimen of the latter family having been described as belonging to a new genus under the name of Palembohis Horigerus. There are nearly half a hundred Asi- lida3 and Therevidte, many of them exquisitely preserved, some of great size, and among them a fair variety of forms. Bombylidai .are somewhat less abundant, but show some superb specimens of great size and in won- derful preservation; there are certainly six or eight species. Syrphidoe are more abundant than the last, neai'ly fifty specimens iiaving been found in which tlie patterns of the abdominal colors are generally well marked, and among which wo find a considerable variety; they have been studied '-y one very fannliar with that group. Dr. S. W. Williston, and the results of his examinations are given in hln Synopsis of the North American SyrphidiT3 (pi). 281-283), published by the U. S. National Museum. There is a vast host of iluscidii' and allied groups, of which no account has yet been taken, and with wliidi no doubt many other forms are still commingled, but three or four species of very pretty Ortalidai may be mentioned with ten or a dozen si)ecimens, and there are a large number of Empidae.
A few Lepidoptera occur. The butterflies, seven in number, have been described in the Eighth Annual Report of the present Geological Survey. They all represent distinct and extinct genera. Six of the seven belong to the Nymphalidii', the seventh to the Fieriuic. Of the Nymplialidic all but one are Vanessidi. The e?:ception is of special interest, since it belongs to the Libythoina^ the family of living butterflies the most meager in numbers, thougli found in every (piarter of the globe. To be able to add that still an eightli butterfly, found since the others were described, belongs to a second extinct genus of Libytheinu- (which I have called liarbarothea) is certainly marvelous. Besides these 1 have set aside about a dozen speci- mens of perhaps eight species of moths, but they are obscure, mostly of small size, perhaps Pyralidai or Tortricidic, and, excepting one described in
30
TKKTIAKY INHECTS Ol' NORTH AMKltlCA.
this work, lm\<! lot bfuu uriticiilly stiidiod. A siiifrlo ciiterpilliif luis hcoii found, imd tlio stnictiiro of its skin has boeii stiidind by Dr. C S. Miuot,' but without any very satisfactory results.
No Ilymeuoptera iiave yet been described. About a dozen specimens are referred to Apicbi! and Andreni(he ; .se\ eral species are represented, but most of tliem are badly preserved; the hMfj^est appears to boa lk)nd)us. Of Vespida' and other hir<^e wasp-Uko Uynu noptera about seventy or eighty specimens have been found, reftirable to about thirty sjiecies, one of whidi is a hu'^^c ScoHa or allied f,'enns; several are Sphegida', including an Ainniophila; one, which seems to be a Polistes, shows traces of a blue- f^reeii metallic tint; another, apparently one of the Ponipilidu", represents a species vitli a large sul)apical fnligincuis spot on the wing; another, perhaps of the same family, has a circular clear spot in the center of the wing, sur- rounded with fuliginous The ants are the most numerous of all insects at Floris.sant, com[)rising, perhaps, a fourth of all the specimens; they form more than three-fourths, perhaps toiir-lifths, of all the Ilymeuoptera; 1 have already about four thousand specimens of perhaps (ifty sjiecies (very likely many more); they are mostly Formicid;e, l)Ut there are not a few Mvrmicidie and .sc>me I'onerida'. I have noticed no Mutillidje. Ichneu- uionid.e are very numerous; of minuter forms, having an expanse of wing of less than a centimeter, there are nearly two hundred specimens, unusually well preserved; judging from a (!ur.sory examination they are exceedingly numerous in species, jx-rhaps eighty all told, and many genera are repre- sented; the larger forms, whose wings expand more than a centimeter, are even more numerous both in species and individuals, and most of them are very Hno, including a great variety, among which are especially noticeable a good assortment of species of Pimpla and allied genera ; 1 have htoked in vain for I'elecinus, or any long-tailed Uliyssa- or Thalessa'. The Hra- (•oiii<la', ( 'lialcidida-, ('ynipidic, and Chrysidje, exceedingly few fossil spe- cies (if which have ever been described, are very abundant, but have not been fairlv separated t'rom each other and from (»ther small species; together they number nearly two liuiidreil ;ind lifty specimens and j)robably lifty sp(M'ies; among others tliert; is a Chrysis, showing m(!tallic green reflections on tlu ai)domen, and also more than half a d(»zen s|)ecies of ( ;lialcidid;e, with expanded ftMiiura, represented by over twenty specimen.s.
' Arch. ('. iiiikr. AiiHt., vol. -JH, mi. KMT, 1S86.
TIIK FLORISSANT hAKK HA8IN.
81
Kinully, thoro aro about rtixty Totitliro(lini(ln' of fourteuii or hftooii specios jiiid 8(jv(>riil jjfoiiora, bosidos a single spocics of Urocerifbi!.
Aiiiiiuil roinaina Itosides thoao of in.s(>ctrt are rare at FIorisHant. Tbo most iiljiiiiilaiit is a apedos of thin-Hljcllod Planorbls, which is not uncoiii- inon, iiiid ahvfiys occurs in a more or loss crushed condition; it is the only niollusk yet found there (exceptin}:^ a I'hysa or allied form and a single small spe» iinen of a bivalve, referred to above in the section from the south- (!rn lake), and acconlin}^ to Dr. C A. White is probably undoscribed, al- though very siuiilar to a species found in the Green Uiver shales, differing from it principally in its smaller size.
Fishes rank next in niunbers. Kight species have been found, belong- ing t(t four genera. Of Amiithe we have Amia scutata and A. dictyocephala ; of Cyi)rinodonts, Trichophanes foliaruui and T. copei; of Catostomida^ Ainyzon pandatum, A. connnune. and A. fusifonne; and of Silurida*, Rhin- eastes pectinatus. All the species have been described by Cope, excepting T. copei, which was published by Osborn, Scott, and Speir.
Several bird's feathers have been found in these beds, and a single tol- erably perfect passerine bird, with bones pud feathers, has been described by Mr. .1. A. Allen under the luime of Pahi'ospiza bella, and admirably illustrated l)y HIake. No other figure of a Florissant animal has yet been published, liesides these, (Jope has described a j)lover, Charedinus sliep- pardianus, ami writes that a finch is also found in these beds.
The plants, tiiough less abundant than the insects, are exceedingly numerous, several thousand specimens having been studied by the late Mr. Leo Lescpiereiix. AI)out one hundred and sixty species have been described or indicated, of which the apetalous plants show the larger number, sixty- eight species; the next most abuiulant group is the polypetalous division, forty species, the gamopetalous having twenty-five, the Ooniferas eight, and the lower plants nineteen species.
Among tlui ex(»genous plants the following polypetalous families are rep- resented : the Malvaceu' l)y a rare species of Slerculia, besides some flowers with long st.'inens, which are referred, d( ubtfully, to the genus Bombax. Of Tiliacea-, .i species of Tilia has been f;Mind. Of Rutaceje, one species of Ailanthus and one of Xanthoxylon. \o less than ten species of Rhus rep- resent the Anacardiacea^ and two species each of Paliurus and Rhamnus the Rhamnacea'. The ( !el<istrace!v show three species of Celastrns and one
u
32
TKKTIAItV INSHCTH OK NOKTIl AMEUIOA.
of Cola.Hti*itcrt, known only by ii few IciiveH. The Sapindiici'ii' ure very lUunoi'onH in individiuilH; ii s|HMiit'H of Actr i« roprosontud hy hfiivcs, flowors, uiid fruits, lint not yet das'Tilufd ; Iciivt^s of ii Stiipliyli'ii occur witli fivo Hpociuri of SupinduH and ono of l)odona>a. Tlio Hora lias a largo nundn'r of Lcginninosa', (Oovcn spocioH occurring, (»f oiglit gonora, CytisuH, Dal- bcrgia, OrciH, I'odogoniuni, Cassia, Loguniinosites, Aca«'ia and Miinositcs; Lt's(|UL'reiix fornu'rly rcforrod Homo of tlicni to Wobinia and Coliitoa. Tlio Rosacea' show an Aniygoaius, leaves of K(»sa, and a sp(>cies of Spira'H, with very Hnoly preserved heaves of an Anielancliier, scarcely distinguish- able from sonjc of the varieties of the living species. Nunn^rous leaves of Weinniaiuiia of tiuce species re|)reseiit the Saxifragacea', and, finally, a species of Aralia and another of lledera, tlie Araliactta-.
Among the gamopetalons plants the Ericacea' are represented i)y what is probably V^iccinium reticulatum Al. IJr., together with a species of An- dromeda; no less than six species of Ilex represent the A(|uifoliacea'; two of Diospyros, and oiu' each of Muinelia and Macreightia, the 8apotac(sv: a species of .Myrsine, so common in the Kuropean Tertiaries, but in our coun- try represented only by this single leaf, the Myrsinea'. Ccmvolvulacea' show two specit's of I'orana, and the Apocynacea' a single species of Apo- cynophyllinn.' Oleacea- hav^ a flowering branch of Olea and eight species of Fraxinus, one regarded as identical with a European Tertiary plant.
The apetalons angiosperms show a great variety of forms at Florissant, and among them many are referred to species from foreign Tortiaries. A species of Manksia and seven of Lomatia represijiit the l'roteacoa>; a species of Pimelia the Thyinelacea' ; one of Santalum the Santalaceiv. Urticaceic are the most luimerous of all plants; four species of Ulmus occur, one found also in the European Tertiarie.s; another formerly thought to be iden- tical with a second European species but now regarded as distiiu't, and two t>thers, one of them found also in western Colorado; of Celtis there is one species, whose loaves have a close af!inity to the existing C. occidentalis and its Texan variety : two species of Ficus are identical witii European species: but the mass of specimens — nearly or quite one-half of all that have been brought from this locality — represent species of I'laiiera; two species oidy occur, one;, identical with a European form; the other known oidy from Flo- rissant and the White IJiver, and in the former very variable; Les(juereu.\
' III tlic ti-xl 111" IjJH liiNt rt'imrl l.(«i|ui'r"iix relors tlilH to Alkali, Wjoiniiig, lull in his lal)I" to Klorin
Mtllt.
THE FI.OUI88ANT LAKK BAHIN.
88
hRH 8(*on lit loiiHt two tlioiiHHiid HpociiiuMis. 'I'liu Jii^liiiuliKU'ii* iiro repre- Hciiti'd \>y HJii^le Hpuc.iiiiLMis (if l't(M'onii-y)i iiiiu'i'iouiii and Ju^liins tliui'iiiiiliH, ImHidoH two otlicr wpecioH otMii^'liiiif*, one of tlioiii Miiropciin, tliri't) of ( Jiiryu, all Kui'opcan, aiidoiK! Ktij^t'lliardtia, also Kiin>p«'tiii. Thu (!iipiilifi>ia-Hliow oim HpiM'it's uacli of Ostrya and Castaiu-a, tlirco (»f Cai'piiiUH, ouo of them Kui'opeaii, and Huveu of (^utinniH, of which live are Kuropcan sperins. 'I'ho Myricaixw are the next most ahunchmttype after i'lanera, \mutr represented by no less than fit'teen specieH of Myriea, of wliictli six are Knropean. Of Hetulacea' two speeieH of Detnia oeeiir and two of Alinis, one of tlie latter Enropean. Salicaeea' are toleraldy ahnndant; there are fonr species of I'opnius, all now re^jardod as Knropean, thoufrh licsipiereux first looked on them as new; and two pecnliar species of Salix, hesiiU^s four identical with Knropean species. Kinally, there an* ohm or two nndet<M'inined plants in this j^ronp re])resented l)y parts of flowers or seeds.
Anioiiff the ( !onifera' there is considerable variety, eiyht species occur- rinjj^, of six f^enera, nmstof them represented in the Enropc^an flora. There are, first, two species of I'inns, one Enropean; a speci«;s of Widdringtonia; well preserved branches of a European 'I'axodinm; al)nndant remains of a Enropean Glyptostrobns ; a couple of leaves of a European Podocarpus; as well as two species of Se(pioia, one European, the other indi<>enonH. The pre.sence of the last-named jfenus is als(» well attested "l)y their cones and by the remains of <fi<(antic silicified trunks in an erect position.
Finally, in the lower orders of plants the following have been found: Of the Palniii", a lar<;e specimen of a Sabal and a fruit referred to Palmo- carpon ; of the Aracea', a species of A(!orus, first descrii)ed from Spitzen- bery; of the Typhacea', finely preserved leaves of a Typha; of the Naiad- acea', two species of I'otamofjfeton and one of Najadopsls; of the Lemna- ceiv, n species of Lemna; of the Ciramineas fra<fmiMits f»f leaves of I'hrajr- mites; of Filices, numerous specimens of five genera, Splienopteris, Adian- titCK, r.astra'a, I'teris, and Diplaxium, the last a European species; of llhiz- ocarpa', many specimcMis of two species of Salvinia; of Musci, one species each of Fontinalis and Ilypniun, and of Characeic, two specimens of a Chara.
Accordini^ to .Mr. Loscpiereanx, such an assc'mbla.<«'e of plants indicates a climate like that o*" tiie northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico at our epoch. "The |)reponderanc(i of conifers, of shrubs, ... of trees of small
VOL XIII 3
84
TKIITIAHY INSKtTS OF NOItTII AMIUMdA.
hIzo, . . . jjivcs to tli(> tlorii u ;r(itu'nil iiKpt'cf which recalls tlint «>f tho vo^t'tatinn of u|)Iiiii(Ih or vnllcyH of moiintiiiiirt." I'ahiis an* ahimst ciitinOy iihstMit, only a siii;;l(' spcciiiH'ii of oiu) species of Salial lui\ iii;j oeem red, with 11 fruit of I'almocarpoii. "The leaves of some species are extreiiieK mimer- otis, none of tlieni crninph'il, t'oMed, or rolled, as if driven l)y currents, lint Hat, as if thuy had been embedded in the muddy surface of the bottom wlu^n falliu<r from the trees or shrubs alon^ thu borders of a lak(\" .
It is reinarl\al)le for the almost complete abseiu'c of lianl fruits, and this, with the presence of Howers, of unriptt carpels of elm and maple, and of well-preserved branches of Taxodium, which in the livin;^' species "are mostly detached and thrown upon the ;,'round in winter time or early s|>rin;i-," led Mr liCSipiereaux to l»elieve that, the deposition of the ve;;-eta- ble inaterial.s took place in thu spring time, and that thu lake j,mid»ially driud during Hunmier.
To this wo may add that the ocpurrciico of Acorus, of Typha, and espe- cially of Potamogeton, leads to thu conclusion that thu wat«'r of thu lake was fresh, and not saline or i)ra{dvish, e(pially proved by thu fish, acc«>rdiiig to Cope, and by thu prusuncu of larvic «>f Odouata and other insects whose earlier stages are passed only in fresh water
Neither thu groups of lishes which have lu-eii founil, nor thu water-plants, nor thu water-insects, nor thu mollusks exclude .Mr. Les(piereux'^ sugges- tion of thu annual drying of tlu* body of the lake: moreover, certain thin layers are found overlying coarser deposits, which are sun-cracked through and through. Hut, on the other hand, the thickness of the paper shales, upon which mc:<t of the fo.ssil remains are found, and which are composed of uniform layurs of triturated Hakes of v(dcanic products, la-ing necessarily the result of thu loug-contiuuud action of water, excludes this idea. 'I'he structure of the rocks rather indicates a (piiet dej >ition of the mat«'rials in an iinruHled lake through l(»ng periixls, interrupted at intervals i)y the influx of new lava-Hows or thu burying of the bott(»m sediments beneath heavy showers of V(di'aiiic ashe.s.
The testimony of the few tishes to the climate of thu time is not unlike thatof the plant.s, suggesting a climate. Prof K. I), ('ope infiMins me, like that at present found in latitude; 3.")^ in the; riiited States; while the in.sects, t'roni which, when they are completelv studied, we may certainly draw more definite conclusions, ap]iear from their general ensendde to prove the same
I {
TIIK I'l.omSSANT LAKI-; IIAHIN.
86
or II Moiih'wlmt wiiniuT «'liiimt(t. Il'wt' iiM|iiir() wlnit t«'Htiiii()ii\ tlic lowur orders (il FlonHHuiit iiimM-fH Itciir to tlut cliiiiutc of timt diMtrirt in 'I'ertiury tiiiu'n, there is only oixt niiswer to Ito jfivuii: the present tlistrihiiMon of their iillioK certiiiiily points to u <!onsi(l(!riil»ly wiirnior «'iiiMiitu thiiii nt>w — ii ••linmte whieli may, perhaps, host ho coinpared to the niiddht zonci of our Sonthern Statcfs. 'V\w jxnown liviii}^ sp«'cies of tiie |;eneiii to which thcty h(don<;- ant in ^^cneral cnnlitiMl to rcf^ions lil\e (Jeor;^ia in this country and the t\vi» sjiores of tho .Modit(trranean in Knro|»e, or oven more southern districts. Further remarks on t'.UH point will he found in tlu) hody of tho volume.
As noted ahove, tiie supe/ahundance (»f specimens of sinjrlo species of plants (I'lanera and Myrica) is repeated in the insects, where certain Hpo- cies of Korniici<la' aniony; llynuMutptera, of |{ii)ionida' anion;-' Diptera, of (■ercopida and of Alvdina amon;^ Heniipteni, iiw, to l,e counted Ijy tifticH and hundreds.
Tlie only other yeiieral feature wliich may already \ki noted among the insects is an mie.xpected paucity of arpuitic larvai or tiie imagos of water-insects. Hardly a dozen iieuropterous larvae have coiiie to hand, very few a(|natic lleiniptera in any sta^c, and of llydnipliilida' and other water heetles no ^^reat iinmlier. The paucity of neiiropteroiis larvie is the more reiiiarka))le from the abundance of I'hry^^anidie, while not a sin^rlu larva-case has hieii found.
As to the a;^e of these deposits, the opiiiitnis of lies([uer(U.\, hasetl on the study of Tertiary plants, and of Cope, drawn from his knowledge of Tertiary lishes, are far more harmonious than one would expect from their known iliveii^ence of view concerning the testimony of the fo.ssils to tho age of other Tertiary beds in tho West. Such dis[)arity of ideas did iadd at first, Mr. Lesfpiereux maintaining in his earlier notices of the flora the probability of its later Miocene age; in the Tertiary Flora he placed it in the " I'ltpcr (ireeii K'iver" <livision of his "fourth group," togetli(>r with the flora of Flko, Nevada, the (ireen Itiver beds being placed directly beneatli them. Ill lliiydeii's report for 1876 ho refers the Florissant deposits lo the u|)per Miocene. In his review of Saporta's Monde des IMantes,' while still considering this Hora as Miocene, he jioints out certain important relations whit'li it b(!ars to the flora of Aix, in IVoveiicc, then considered as Eocene.
' Ainer. .loiir. Sci., Her. ;t, vol. IT, ISTD, ji. -iTJ,
■Ill
i
36
TERTIARY INSKCT8 OF NORTH AMKHICA.
Hut later, after a iMore caivt'ul revision, ilrawu from more cNteiuleil sources, lie writes that while, l)y the presence of many <feiiera, " there is an evident relation of the Florissant thu'a with that of the Euroi)ean Miocene, yet by theaflhiities and even identity of some of the species uith those* of tlm Hora of the gvpsum of Aix, whic^h, accordin<>' to Saporta, includes types related to those of the whole extent of the Tertiaries from tlu* upj)ei' (Cretaceous to the Olifjfocene and above, 1 should rather refer this group to the lower Mio- cene or Ollgocem*."
iioth Les(|uereux and Cope agree in placing the Florissant beds at the same horizon as those of lOlko, Nevada, ami also those directly altove the Fish-cut beds at Green River, Wyoming. Les(|uereux has identical species alsi> from White River, Colorado, among specimens conumniicated by Mr. Denton. Cope calls the Florissant and Klko deposits the Amyzon beds, from the prevalence of that type of fish, and n^fers them to the "later FiOceno or early ^^iocene." Mr. (^larence King places the (Jreeii River deposits in the middle Focene, but considers the Klko deposits of the same age. We mav therefore provisionnlly conclude, from the evidence aH'orded by the plants and vertebrates, that the Florissant beds belong in or near the Oli-
gocene.
At })resent no geological conclusions ciin he drawn from what is known of the insects. 80 far as specific and generic dcrcrMiiiiatioMs has proceeded, scarcely anvthing identical has been found in the (Incn b'ivcrand Floris- sant beds, but some rcmiirkalde alHnities luive licen miticed. 'To attempt, however, to draw any conclusion as to the age of either of these deposits, atid especially of tiiat of Flori.ssant, before a cl<»ser examination is made would be folly. Almctst the entire series of fossil insects from the beds of Aix, Oeningen, and Radidioj recpiires a careful generic revision, and until this is done it will ])e difHcult to make nuich use of the inf'()rmati(»n given us in the works of European atithors. This should not be considered as reflecting upon the character of these works, for it must be remembered that they were nearly all completed thirty years ago and could not be expected to meet present demands. It i.s, indeed, pr(d>able that the richer .Vmerican fields, the exploitation of which has onlv just begun, mav yet be found the best basis for the study of the relationship of the Tertiary insect
fj
aujias o
f Eur
ope.
White ///vrr.— Fossil insects were first d
iscovered on the lower White River ni western ('olorado and eastt rn I'tah by Mr. William Dunton during
\k
OTUEU TKUTIAUY INSEOT LOCALITIES.
37
his passiigo down the river on horseback in ISGf), and his brief and cursory account of the {^eoloiiical structure of the region is, I believe, the first and only one until the parties of the Ilayden Survey entered the region ten or more years later. IJrief reports of the geological and topographical character of the country were made by Drs. C. A. White and F. M. Endlich, and Messrs. G. Ji. Chittenden and G. K. Bechler. None of these, however, obtained any insects, excei)ting Dr. White, who in a single locality found a few poor specimens; On a visit to the place in tiie summer of 1889, how- ever, I was able to rediscover the beds in which they were found by Mr. Denton east of the Colorado- Utah line, and to greatly extend the .stations at which they could be found. In the two localities on the lower White River where Denton found fossil insects, "Chagrin Valley" and "Fossil Cafion," as he called them the general toi)ographi('al features were the same, bluffs or buttes of a thousand or more feet in thickness being composed of eveidy bedded stnitiiied deposits. '•Chagrin Valley " nuist be identified with the valley of l)(niglas Creek, though it was not iiere but five or si.x miles lower down the Wliite River that Denton really obtained his fos^Ms, at a point where, to one traveling westward. Green River beds first appear in mass and are readily accessible, probably in the immediate vicinity of Canon Butte, where the old Indian trail on the south side of theriver cuts off u sharp bend and i)asses directly over nuiny favorable outcrops. It was in fact at pre- ci.selv this i)liice that I obtained from the rocks collections aj^reein"* most
••I o P^
clo.sely in general appearance and character with tiiose secured by Denton This locality is in Colorado a few miles east of the Utah boundary. His other locality is representtMl by him to be fifty or si.x ty miles farther down the river, l)ut still at scnne distance from its mouth. The distance is no doubt exaggerated, and the locality on the north side of the river, certainly in Utah, nt>t improbably near the mouth of Red Hlufl" Wash. I made no ■search for this place.
It may in brief be said that the Green River beds in the bluffs on each side of the White liiver Cafion near the boundary line between Utah ami Colorado, but especially on the northerii side, are filled for over a thousand feet with insect remains; the highest and the lowest bed:; respectively yielded me the best results, but hardly a level could be fouiul where patient search did not reveal some relics, though perhaps of no value; the more l)rolific beds v ere oftentimes simply crammed with remains, frequently in
i
Ii
38
TKBTlAJtY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMERICA.
an exfjiiisite state of preservation. Vegetsible remains, excejtting' of a very fragmentary natui'o, wore rare, and most of the insects, like (hose obtained by Denton, of a small size; excepting', indeed, dipterous larva-, which were found in quite incredible numbers, square rods of stone near the liigher levels being- absolutely covered with them in nniltitudes of places.
'i'he insects obtained by ^Ir. Denton and Dr. White atthe.se localities are all included in the present volume, but no reference is made to those found by myself in 1881). The age of the deposit can hardh- be said to be as yet determined, but the leaves found by Mr. Denton (presumably at "Fossil Canon") were regarded by Mr. Lescjuereux as more certaiidy syn<'hronous with those of Floris.sant than with those of the Green Kiver beds, and in any event all tinee are of very nearly the same age.
Grcni Ilircr, Wiioiu'ukj. — All the insects described in this volume from Green Hiver were obtained at a single spot, next what is known as the Fish- Cut, where the railway cuts through the rocks, about three or four kilome- ters west of the crossing of Green Iliver. Kven here they have been found only within the conq)a.ss of one or two square meters of ground, and by repeated visits this "pocket" has now been entirely chipped away. There is no doubt that other etpially prolific pockets will be found in the .same innnediate vicinity, especially in the more favoral)le ex|)osures east of the river, as one such was found during the sunnner of 1S8!I. It is by no means improbable that the beds at this locality and tho.se at White Kiver may prove to belong to the floor of one and the same Tertiary lake to which Kinjif (jave the name of Gosiute Lake. About one hundred and fiftv different insects have Ix'cn fonml here, besides many others not vet described. They are most connnonly ('oleo|)tera, this order being represented by fully one-third of the species Ilcmiptera and I)i|)tera come next with almost e(pial representation, or al»out twenty-thrcje per cent each. Next come the Ilyunioptera with eight per cent. The other ordcM's are about e(pially and meagerlv represented, th»; Lepidoptera not at all.
Fossil. Wjidiii'mii. — A few species of in.sects have been found in the binft's f'a/'ing tin; t<»wn of Fossil at the head of Twin ( !r('ek. a tril)utarv of Hear River, l)lnfis which ai'e {'anions for the iunnense numlier of fossil fish they have furnished. .Vs a rule the inscjcts are scarce, and, like the fisji, behnig to a very liiniteil nnnil»er of species, in this case mostl\- C'oleoptera and Diptera. In the present work only two or tlcee are menti(»ned.
OTHER TKKTIAKY INSECT LOCALITIES.
39
Horse Creel; Wi/ominf/. — At a point three miles south of this creek, which empties into the Green River from the west near its source, and about two miles west of Green River, a thin, hard hiyer of white limestone was found by Dr. A. C. Peale covered with petrified larval cases of caddis- flies, which are described below under the name of Indusia calculosa.
Qiir.sncl, British Columbia. — The discovery of the different localities for fossil inaect.s in British Columbia by the Geological Survey of Canada has been due entirely to the investigations of Dr. George M. Dawson. On the left bank of the Fraser River, at the town of Quesnel, he discovered a series of clays, sands, and graveis, their upturned edges covered by the valley deposits, in one of which series (a stratum of fire-clay eight or nine inches thick) insects and plants were found, the beds being exposed on the river bank at a low stage of the water. Nearly twenty species of plants were met with, mostly of apetalous families in the neighborhood of the Cupuli- fera?, such as the beech, walnut, oak, birch, and poplar, and a considerable number of insects. Such of these as are included in the present report con- sist of twenty-five species, nearly all Hymenoptera and Diptera, and espe- cially the latter, and, what is very unusual, only a single beetle. Sir Will- iam Dawson, who determined the plants, regarded them as to a great extent identical with those from the Miocene of Alaska, but adds: " Whether the age of these beds is Miocene or somewhat older ma}-, how- ever, admit of doubt." Apart from an uncharacteristic egg-cocoon of a spider, none of the insect renrains can be regarded as identical with any found elsewhere.
Nicola, Xorth Similkaiiieen, ami Nine Mile Creek, British Coliimhia. — The other localities at which reniains of insects have been found, though in smaller numbers, lie at no great distance apart to the south of Quesnel and south of the Canadian Pacific Railway, near our own border. One of these localities is upon the Nicola River, two miles above its junction with the Coldwater, at the base of a series of beds containing coal. Another is on the North Fork of the Similkameen River, three miles from its mouth; the bods hero, on the bank of the river, "include a layer of lignite about a foot thick, which rests in black, rather earthy, carbonaceous clays, antl is overlain by fifteen feet or more of very thinly bedded almost paper-like yel- low gray siliceous shales," which contain plants and insects. The third is on Nine Mile Creek, flowing into Wlupsaw Creek, a tributary of the Similka-
40
TKKTIAin' INSECTS OF NORTD AMERICA,
nieen, where a sinnll section of liurd liuniiiiited days occurs with hvyers of softer arenaceous clay. Seven sj)ecies were obtained from the first named locahty, tive from the second, and four from the tliird. 'I'he Nicohi locality is remarkable for yielding;: only (^oleoptc^ra; from Nine Mile ('reek come three species of Coleoptcia and one of llemiptera; while the Similkameen locality, like Quesnel, aH'ords us Hynienoptera, Diptera, and llemiptera — threes sp.'cies of the last — but no Coleoptera. There can ))e no doubt, Dr. Dawson informs me, "that the specimens from the Nctrth Similkameen and Nine .Mile ("reek represent deposits in different portions of a sinyle lake. A silicifyiny spring, probaljl}' thernnil, mu.st, however, have entered the lake near the first-named i)lace, as evidenced by the character of some of the beds, in which fragments of jdants, with a few fresh-water shells, have been preserved." The insects of each locality are specifically distinct from those of any of the others As to their age. Dr. Daw.son, the only geologist who has studied tliem, remarks that we shall "probably err little in contimiing to call the 1\;rtiary deposits of the interior as a whole Miocene, and in correllating them witli the beds attributed to the same period to the south- ward in the basin Ivmg east of the Sierra Nevada."
Scaiboro, Ontario. — In the vicinity of Toronto, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, Mr. George. I. Ilinde has discovered vegetable and animal remains in thin seams in day beds which he regards as interglacial, lying as they do upon a inorainal till of a special character and overlain by till of another and (piite distiiu't kind, llis account of the locality and the reasons for his conclusions liav(i Ix-cn given by him in full.' Among the material found bv him was a consideraI)l(> number of the elytra and other |»arts of beetles, an asseml)lage indeed larger than has ever before bec^n foinul in such a deposit in any part of the world, and they are mostly in e.xcdlent condi- tion. Twenty-nine sj)ecies have been obtained, some of them in consider- able numbers. Five families and fifteen genera are represented; they are largely (Jarabida-, there being >.i.\ or seven .species each of IMatvnus atul Ptei'ostichus and species also of Patrobu.s, liembidium, Loricera, and Elajdi- rus. The ne.\t family in importance is the Staphylinida', of which there are five genera, (Jeodromicns, Arpedium, Hlediu.s, 0.\3'porus, and Lathro- bium, each with a single species. The Ilydrophilida- are repre;<ented by Ilydrochus and Ildophorus, each with one species; and the Chrys(»melida^
'■.<»,i
f
'Cuiiuiliuii Jour. Sfi., iirw series, vol. 1"), 1887, pp. 388-413,
OTHER TKUTIAKY INSECT LOCALITIES.
41
by two species of Donacia. Finally, a species of Scolytidai must have made certain borings under the bark of juniper.
Most of these are described and figured in the present volume. Looking at them as a whole and noting the distribution of the species to which they seem to be most nearly related, they are plainly indigenous to the soil, but would i)erhaps be thought to have come from a somewhat more northern locality than that in which they were found; not one of them can be referred ^o existing sjjecies, but the nearest allies of not a few of them are to be sought in the Lake Superior and Hudson Bay region, while the larger part are inhabitants of Canada and the northern United States, or the jreneral district in which the deposit occurs. In no single instance were any special affinities found with any characteristically southern forms, though several are most nearly allied to species found there as well as in the north. A few seem tc be most nearly related to Pacific forms, su(!li as the Elaphrus and one each of the species of Platynus and Pterostichus. On the whole, the fauna has a boreal aspect, though by no means so decidedly'boreal as one would anticipate under the circumstances.
Port Kcnncdif^ Penusi/liHiiiia.— The only locality remaining to be noticed is Port Kennedy, in southeastern Pennsylvania, where the clays in the bone caves have furnished about a dozen species of Coleoptera, described by Dr. G. n. Horn, in 187G, but now first figured. His descriptions are reprinted in the present work, with the results of my own study of the same material.
'(
l\ I
■ '''iWintfiiiriiiiMiMj
DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Myriapoda from the Tertiary rocks are almost unknown, a single species a little larger than ours having been figured by Bertkau from liott under the name of lulus anticjuus Heyden. Other species have been indicated. Serres, for instance, speaks of one found near MontpelHer, allied to the living I, sabulosus, and this mention has been quoted by ^leyer, Keferstein, and Geinitz. Hope also catalogues one from Aix, and Cotta mentions one, per- hajjs I. terrestris, from Tharand, Saxony, which is proljably a recent inclosuro, and is quoted 1)y Brullc and Berendt. Besides these diplopods Hope catalogues a Scolopendra from Aix, and Keferstein, on the authority of Aldrovandl, mentions a Scolopendra from Glarus, in Switzerland.
The Baltic amber, however, contains a considerable number of species, twenty diplopods having been recorded and most of them described, belong- ing to the genei-a Craspedosoma (seven species), Polyxenus (five species), lulus (four species), and Euzonus, Lophonotus, Blauiulus, and I'olydesmus (one species each). The chilofjods have a less number of species, fifteen, representing the genera Lithobius (eight species), Geophilus (three species), and Cermatia and Scolopendra (two species each). All these genera excepting Euzonus are represented among living forms.
The single species found in America belongs to the diplopods, (No- vember, 1881.)
Order :OIP»LOr»Or)A aervais.
Family lULID^ Leach.
As in the case of the llott species described by Bertkai*, tiie form described below is only referred to the geiuis lulus in a broad sense, its preservation being very dcfectivi;. It is smaller than the Eui-opeau species.
43
li:
I
44 TKKTIAUY INaiiCTS OF NOItTll AMUUHJA.
lULUS I.iiint'.
Il.'LUS TEL.LII8TER.
in. (i, Fig. 15.
lidiiH ttUimter Siiiililtr, Hull. II. 8. Ueol. Siirv. TiTr,, vol. 4, lH7rt, p. 776.
The .siii<>'lo spofimon is so tVa^jini'iitiuy that it can only l)o rcfcircd to Iiihis ill a l)roa(l yeiicrif, .sense. The piece is coinpo.seil of ten or twelve se^riiu'iits, i)rol)ahIv from near the middle of the body. Iviii"- in a straiiilit line and crushed, with no trace of any appenda;^es. The sejfments appear to he compo.sed of a short aiit'jrior and a larjjer posterior division, each indejiendenfly and very slij^litly archetl ; the posterior division is about twice as long as the anterior, and each is transversely, regularly, and very finely striate, paralhd to the anterior and posterior margins of the segments. The foramina can be detectcnl on some of the segments, and by their aid the width of the Itody can be inon^ accurately determined.
As criisjied, the body is 2. .'J'"'" broad, but its probable true width is IJj""", while the .segments are each about 0.8'"'" long; the fragment pre- served measures S.5 """ long.
(Jreeii liiver, Wyoming, one specimen, No. 1.54, V. 0. A. Richardson.
The object represtMited on IM. TJ, Fig. 1, was at one time thought to be a mvriapod and accordingly iigmed, but examination provt'd if to be the broken section of the cone of Se(juoia, not uncommonl}' found at Florissant.
\\\
ARAC HIST IDES Lutieille.
Up to the presont writing, a littlo more tlum two liuiidred and Hfty specios of Aracliiiidi's have been dcHcribed as I'ouiid in Tertiary deposits. ( )t' tiiese about one hiuuh'ed and ninety are true spiders, wiiile tiie remainder are in').stly Acarina (thirty-seven species), Opiliones (eleven species), or Ciier- neti(hv (nine species). All but a single species, Aranea Columbia', descril)ed below, are from Kuropean beds, and nine-tenths of them are preserved to us in the Eocene amber. Were this means of restoring the ancient Tertiary fauiuv unknown tt> us, our information at the ])resent day woidd be based upon twenty-four species, altliough in addition to these half a dozen nu)re are indicated by simple reference to genera or families. This number is already exceeded by those described below from a single localit}', Florissant alone having yielded more than thirty species. Whether we examine the Ameri- can or European species preserved in stratified deposits we find . u almost total absence of any but true spiders or Araneides; in each (inchuling the one herewith figured) a single species of Acarinahas been described, though a number of others are credited without descri})tion to Eiu'opean strata. In Prussian amber, on the coi.trary, though Araneides are vastly in the majority, the other groups of Araclmides form 27 |)er cent of the entire luimber of species, distributed mainly in the three groups mentioned above.
This greater proportion of true Araneides in Tertiary deposits, a pro- portion exaggerated at the present day. can scarcely be well com{)ared to what we find in the older deposits, from the extreme paucity of their remains in the latter. Brodie has found only a single s|)ecies (whicii ho considers a true araneid) in the secondary strata of England, and the European Jura has furnished nierely half a dozen arachnids (nominal species, perhaps reducible to four), of which only a single one is referable to the Araneides, llasseltides, considered one of the Agalenides by Wevenbergh. In the paleozoic formations, again, a dozen species are known, all but three of which have been considered scorpions, Phrynida' or (^hernetl(la>, or else placed in their vicinity, while one of the other three has not been placed
4!>
I
I: '-
46
TKKTIAKY INSKrTS OK NOKTII AMKItlOA.
by its (loscrihcr niuoiii^ tlu' ti'ii(i,s|ii(lcrs, liiit iiiIiikmI Aillii(»ly<'(isa only f'n»m its sonu'wliiit iiiiirkcd uriiiicitl IciitiirL's. Tlic iciiiiiiiiiii;;' two nrc cnii- sidtTiul l>y tlioir (It'scrilu-rs iis trim arimcidcs jiihI scciii to hv tlic <»iily tnu* prtHMirsdi's ot' this ^ri'oup known to us iVoni tlic piilco/.oic rocks; tliu propor tioii tlu'i'ct'ori! of tlut Aniiicidcs to otliiT Armliiiidcs is ruvcirscd ln'twuoiv i'alco/oio and Cuno/oir times.
In tlio prcst'Ut volinncf wo are alile to more than doul)h> th(t nnnihcr of Ar.ichnidcs (apart from tlu> amltcr inciosurcs) which arc hitlicrto known from Tertiary strata, and, as we sliall see further on, find some interesting points of eomnarison between the Kiiropeaii and Amoriean soicU'r fauna of
J ;}rt
iarv times.
'1'
Hp
(Kel
)riiarv
IHHl.)
Since tho iil)ovi) was written the iiiimher of known Paleozoic Arach- nides has<rreatly iiu'reased ami a hiri^u proportion of tluMii have huun phiced in a distinct order, Authracomarti Karsch, with ei^j^lit or ten <>'enera. (Octo- ber, l-SSit.)
In the classification of the remains of these* animals, from th<* almost complete absence of such characteristic parts as the details of the structure of the ocelli and palpi, it has been impossilde to do much more than to indi- cate the pn»l)able atlinities of tlu' species to liviii<; types i»y means of the ;reneral resendilances which the lorm of tlut cephalothorax and ubdonu'U and the relative leuyth of the leys furnish. In a few instances these; can hardly fail to fin'nish us with sniliciently clear evidence, whilt* in others the reference is plainly open to a "greater or less decree of doubt, which it is hoped future material will e\«'ntually extiniruish.
C) ivl. r AC A I { I N A :N itzscl 1.
Acariiia are by no means rare in Tertiary deposits, the ffroup bein;,'' better represented than any other Araclmides exceptinjr the true spiders, and it is ipiite in keep*:i<ic with this fact that the oidy arac hiiid yet discov- ered in the Ameiitan strata not beloii^^in;,' to the Araneides shonhl fall in this ji'roup. Vet the j^r.iup is unrepresented even in .Mesozoic strata, while the scorpions and their allies, iiearlv unknown in Tertiar\' beds, are pro- portionally abundant in earlier times. The amber of the lialtic is partic- ularly rich in .\carina, tliii't\ -live species bein;r recorded therefrom, while a]tart from the .Vi'aneides this ;^ruup is almost if not ijuitt* the oidy oU(f rep- resented in till! stratilied deposits of Murojx-; ftseblv represented, indeed.
AUACIINIDKS— ACARINA.
47
for wo have only ono HpecicH (rotcrnul to Liiimoclmn^rt) (loKcrihcd l)y llny- (loii from Uott, aiiothi'r from tlio hhiik! lonility luisod upon lnHf-},nills iiiul calliMl I'liytoptiis aiiti(puis, aiitl a tliinl iixlicattul nicnily (Acarus) by Iliior, UH found at Oi3iiin;ruii. (November, I MM I.)
Gourrot liaH latterly (IcscriluMl anuni}; tlio arafliui(U of Tertiary Aix a couple of },'eiu!ra of Aeariua with one specieH each which he ref^ards an helonL'iii}; to the Troinbidida-. (October, 1HH!>.)
IXODES Latreille.
No fossil species hav«( before been referred to this genus or anywhere near it. The nearest is Acarns, which is only distantly related, l)elonginy indeed to a distinct subfamily. The species of Ixodes, like otiier ticks, bury themselves in the Hesh of animals to suck their blood. (November, 1^81.)
Ixodes tertiarius. PI. G, Fig. 12. Ixodes tertiarius Scuddur, ZittuI, Ilaiidb. d. Paliuout., I, li, 73;i, Fi);. 906 (1S8&).
Although there are few definite salient points in the structure of the single specimen known, its general appearance and its size make it tiderably evident that it belongs to the Ixodidte or Uiciin and probably to Ixodes proper. The body is of a very regular ol)ovato form, twice as long as broad, with a .slight indication of a frontal shield of a triangular shape (not represented in the plate and perhaps illusor}), formed by two sulcations meeting at right angles and terminating just witliin the front pair of legs on either side. The ro.struin is not preserved, but the right palpus (j)oorly given on the plate) is slender and 0.2""" long, or rather projects beyond the body to that amount. Nearly all the legs are present, but the hinder legs of the left side have been crowded out of place and appear on the right side below thos(f which properh' belong there» and whidi ai)parently are the upper four there seen. The legs are ai)j)arently complete, except the termimil appendages, as they all taper rather rapidly at the end, after the manner of ticks; they are stout, short, and of similar length, extending beyond the body by al)ont the width of the latter.
Length of body, ,"..'')"""; breadth .»f sanu;, 1.7.5""".
Fish-Cut, Green liiver, Wyoming. Dr. A. S. Packard, No. 258.
48
TKKTIAKY IN8I'X;T8 OF NORTH AMIOKICA.
Oi'd.'i- AUAN I^:il)l<:S I.nlrt.illc.
As Nftit««<l iihovc, Ity fill' tlu! Iiii';;t>r |mrt of llut losHil Arac)iiii*lcH kiiowti iir*> true s|)i(l('rs, ulxuit oiio hiiiHlruil iiiid ninety HpecieH liiiviii;^ lit*"ii (U>Hcril)e<l (Voni tim 'rorliiuy (le|M»sits«»r Kiirope, luiil inoni tlitin tliirty l»ein^' atlileil ti) tlie totiil list in tliih volume. 'I'liese liiHt are <liHti'ilMite<l anmnj,'' tli(! liirf^er ;,''n)U|»s as follows; Saltij^riuliu (all Attides), three; (Jiti;>ra(la', none; L;iteri;,'ra(la' (all trne Tlioniisides), threes Territelaria', none; 'rnl)i- telaria' ( A;,'aleniileH, one; Dnissitli's, live; Dysderides, two) — ei;;lit ; Ketittf- lariii' (all Theridides), I'oiu'; Orhitelaria' (all Kpeirides), I'onrteen— thirty- two. My this it apitears that nearly halfari* Kpeirides, and il at after these the l>rassides are best repn'scnted. A eoinparison of this result with the fossil spiders of Kuntpo is shown liy the followinj,' tahle, in which the per- t'enta^i'es of the groups represontcMl uro compared in each country with tlio total reprosentation in each :
I'lrreiltiiiifii of firoiipn of Tnlinrij npiilem in A'kio/m (iiiif in . I mcricu .
I'l'i'ccntiini'.
Furnpo. Aiiiorini.
SnttiKrniliK
I.ntiTlKriKlii Tiiliili'lariM' l.'clllrliiiiir Oi'liiti'lurlii'
|
s |
■• |
|
1*; |
',» |
|
:it! |
24 |
|
•v»lt |
1-2 |
|
H |
II |
This shows that America is far the richer in ( Jrhitelaria-, and Europe much better represented in Ketitelarur, less liut still consideraldy better in liaterij^nada' and Tubitelariie, while the Sulti',''rad;c have an almost equiv- alent repr(;sentation in the two countries.
If, however, we eliminate fr«»m the incpiiry the species entond)ed in amber, and compare only those recoverecl from the rocks in which they have l)een preserved, we shall reach perhaps a moic just c(nnparis(m. althou'rh the data will be far more nieajjer, America with its thirty-two species bciii;r actuallv better represented than Knrope with its twenty-two species, ;dl bclonj^iii^' to the same live larj^er ffroups which are represented in America.
I
AI{A<;ilNII>KS-AltANi:il>KH. 49
I'trceHlityei u/vroN^ i^f nrtiarn iplitim in Kurope anil Amfrlva, ejvlmltHU Ihnnn/ouHil in umber.
BiiliorilcrN.
Iiiiti'i'i)(riitlii>
Tiililti'larlii' Kt'tlri'luiiin . OrliitulurJu).
|
P«i'ouiilaK«. |
|
|
Kiirii|)i<. |
America, |
|
U.5 |
0 |
|
80 |
. 0 |
|
u:i |
W4 |
|
11 |
1'.' |
|
14 |
44 |
|
1)8. fi |
W |
The oxooHrt of proportion in xVinoiicu of Orltitolarijo iH hero nearly as f^reat uh is hIiowm in tlio fornior tablo, but is not ho <rroiit as tlio now In3i},'lit- ened proportion in Fhiropo of Hotitolariie, wliilo tlio Tiiljitolarijo aro now the ones in which thu proportion is siniihu- in eaeli, tlio Latorigrada' tho only one whoro the proportion roniains noarly tho same as before, and tho Saltif^radju aro nearly lost Hi<,flit of in Kiirope, a single species being known.
If now we carry tho analysis a liiilo further wo shall find more inter- esting relations, as will appear from the following table, in which all the groups represented in Europe are introduced, and both tho total fauna and the species from the strata tabulated :
|
A'umAer o/iipmva of Terliary aiiidiiH found in Europe and in |
America, bjifamiliei. |
|||
|
SiibonlerH. |
FaiiiilUw. |
Id Kiirope, inclnding tliotu in ambur. |
In Kiirope, exdndiiig tboNit in unibcr. |
In America, |
|
Sultigradu) |
AttideH |
14 a 3 4 •-'1 (i 1 M ;!,-: li :) |
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 :t |
0 0 0 :i () u I 5 a 0 0 0 4 14 |
|
Cifinradm |
KreNoitlu) |
|||
|
Luterigrudu! |
||||
|
Terrltolariie |
TlKiiiiiHideit |
|||
|
Uncertain ThurapliUHoiiliu |
||||
|
Tiibiteluriiu |
||||
|
Retiteloriiu |
DriiNHhleH |
|||
|
AgalunidcH |
||||
|
UerHilioidai |
||||
|
Uncertain |
a 0 1 " |
|||
|
Scvtodoidn) |
||||
|
Orbitelariiu |
Theridides Epciridcs |
r)4 |
:» |
50
TEUTIAliY INSBOrS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Here it appears at a glance that exactly the same groups are represented in the stratified deposits of P^irrope and America in every instance, except- ing the Dysderide«, whi;'h is '-rin-epresented in Enrope inid has a single member in America. It i.'st> appears tluit only those groups which are represented abundantly in amber (aiul all of them) are also represented to some extent in the American fauna and (excepting, as before, the Dysder- ides) in the European rocks. Excepti<»n should perhaps be nuide for the "luropean amber genus Archa'a, the position of which in the T.aterigradfc is uncertain, and of whicii Thoroll says: "This genus may perhaps for the present best be taken as the type of a separate family'* of liaterigradiv (European spiders, p. 2.">2). Six species are known, and lliey are classed above as uncertain. The relation brouyht out in this table is certainlv striking, but it should l»e noticed at the sanu^ time that the Dra.ssides and Thi'vidides, and especially the latter, are enormously re|»reseiited in the Hal- tic amber, and in coniparisdii willi them (though not by any means to the same extent in comparisoi. with the other groups) feebly represented in the stratified depo.sits of Europe ajid America.
We nuiy venture one fiuther inv( stigation, although little weight can be given to it from the meag(nness of the data, viz, a compari.son of the per- centage of reprc.ientation of the ditl'erent larger groups in the different horizons of Tertiary times in r^urope with that of Florissant, where all the American species so far known have been found
Percenlaye of groupii of "ertinry mndert of Ftoritiiatil, Colnrado, Fonipare4 with tho<>e of Europt,
SiilxirderH,
Salti«nMl:i'
L.iliTit;riichi'
Tiiliitiil;.'.!'
R.'titrliilin- I
Orbitelariaj
|
Aiiilicr anil |
Holt ; |
OiMiiiij;''" ; |
|
|
KIori.HHunt. |
Aix; 1,1^11- I'iiiti (')lij;o. |
Ai|iiilaiiiaii ( l.liwrr |
Tortoiiian (l?|l|>IT |
|
Cl'Ill'). |
MiiH't'iie). 0 |
Mi(ii'fiit-). |
|
|
9 |
0 |
||
|
9 |
Hi |
i:j |
:«) |
|
'.'4 |
:t7 |
..-. |
:to |
|
1-J 1 |
'if* |
:t7 |
ao |
|
44 1 |
8 |
ur. |
10 1 |
|
IW |
98 |
UK) |
too 1 |
As this fable shows so great a difference between the percentage of n-presentation in ilie Oligoccme and Lcwer Mioccin' of Europe that it can .M-arcely prove vcrv instructive, it still si-t-nis to indicate a greater difference betwe.-n tlu' Florissant dt'pi'-ifs and tlmse of Oeningeii than between the
ARACUNIDES— AKANKIDES.
51
former and either of the others ; and althouirh the proportionate numbers of Tiibiteluriiu and Orbitehirijc of Fk>rissant and especially of the formcn* <>ronp are more nearly like those of Rott, the representation of tiie j^ronps in o^eneral ailias Florissant on the whole with the Olijjocene rather than with the Lower Miocene of Europe.
Of extinct j^enera there have-certainly been proposed a very large nuni- l)er for the P]in'opean Araneidic, more than half the genera to whicli the species have been referred having been described as new and peculiar to Tertiary times; these genera include about two-Hfths of the species. Among the genera are some remarkable forms, such as Arclueaand Mizalia, eachot which is considered by Thorell and others as representing a distinct faniilj'.' Two only of the thirteen genera to which the American species are referred are described as new, and to them are referred sev'en of the thirty-two species. Other g(inera, not before recognized in a fossil state, but here recorded from American strata, are Titanieca, Tetragnatha, and Nephila. To enter into details, seventy-one genera of Araneidju have been described from the Tertiaries, sixty-six from Europe, and thirteen (below) from America, eight being common to both. Of these seventy-one genera tliirty- sev(^n are accounted axtinct, thirty-five from P]urope, aiul two from America, none of these being found in both countries. The European genera are, as may be suppostid, largely con^posed of amber species, no less than fifty- two, including thirty-two extini t genera, being confined to and)er deposits, besides others which they possess in common ith the stratified beds.
If it be asked what indications the fossil spiders of Florissant give as to the climate of that district in Tertiary times, there is but one answer which can be given- that the present distribution of their allies certainly points to a considerably Wiirmer climate than now, a climate which may perhaps best be compartfd to the middle zone of our Southern Stat(^s. The known living species of the genera to which they belong are in general credited io regions like Georgiii in this country and the two shores of the Mediterranenn in Europe ; but our own s|)ecies are .so little known that nothing can be saiil very definitely upon their innnediate rchition.ship with exotic or indigenous torni.s. The preseiu'e of s,H'cies of Theridium, I iuyphia, Tethneus, and Kpeira, including tw(t-fifths of the species, has no sixjciid significance, but Thomisus, iSegestria, Clubiona, Anypluena, and Titan<eca, and especially
' A KiiDil criticiil ri'viow of tlio iloxcribcd f(i».sil Hpi'iicrt ot" AraiicicUs will Ih^ ruMiid in Tlicin-H's Kiiio- |)ouu SpliliTN, pp. •J'j;!-'.?:)'.!.
52
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORT' AMERICA.
;i
Parattus, Tetragnatha, and Nephila certainly present an enboinble the indi- cations of whicli can not be overlooked. (November, 1881.)
Since the above was written a notable addition to our knowledge of the Arachnides of Tertiary Europe has been made by Gourret in a paper on those of Aix, in which among others eighteen species of Araneides are described, including Eresoidtv (two species), Lycosoidte (two species), Theraphosoidte (one species), Dysderides (one species), Hersilioida; (two species), Urocteoidaj (two species), Enyoidaj (one species), none of which families had before been found in European rocks, and the last two not even in amber. (October, 1 889.)
In the measurements of legs in the Araneides the length of the femur is the distance of the apex of the femur beyond the margin of the cephalo- thorax, no account being taken of the coxa, unless It is specially mentioned; so too the first joint of the tarsus, which according to arachnologists is con- solidated with the tibia, is here regarded (in the measurements) as a part of the tibia, and the second and third jdints of the tarsi are alone measured as tarsi, except when, as in Tethneus hentzii and Thomisus defossus, separate account is taken of them.
Suborder SALTIGRAD^ Latreille.
As in the north temperate zone to-da}', so in Tertiary times, the two families of Saltigradic, Attides and Eresoida-, are verv une(pially represented ill species, only two fossil spe"''_'3 at the latter family being known against seventeen of the former. The two Eresoidae are amber species; of the Attides, thirteen are known from amber, one from Aix in Provence, and three from Floris.sant, Colorado, described below. (November, 1881.)
Since this was written Gourret has described one species of each of these two families from Aix.
Family ATTIDES Koch.
The fossil species of this family of jumping spiders hitherto recorded are all confined to the Prussian amber excepting one, a species referred to a new genus, Attoides, described by Brongiiiart from Aix. The amber species are referred to four genera, Eiiophrys (one), (Jorgopis (Hve), Pro- petes (five), and Steneattiis (one), besides an undescribed s|)eoies referred by Menge to Salticus. The species of Gorgojjis were formerly referred to Pliidippiis, a genus richly represented to-day in North America, and it
ARAOHNIDES— ABANEIDES— SALTIGKAl)^,
53
is therefore interesting to notice that the three species described below and referred to a new and aberrant genus of the family, Parattus, are more nearly related to Gorgopis than apparently to any other known, and that the amber genus contains nearly one-half of the species of this family pre- served in Europe from Oligocene times. The species of this family are spread all over the world, both in tropical and temperate regions, but seem to be comparatively rare in Africa south of the desert, (November, 1881.) Gourret has added another species from Aix, refen-ed to an extinct genus, Attopsis.
PARATTUS, gen. nov. (a-a>o?, aTTco).
The three species here referred to the Attoidae seem to belong to a dis- tinct genus allied to Gorgopis of the Prussian amber, in that the posterior eyes are placed far behind the others, but differing markedly from that, as from all members of the family, so far as I kriow, in two points: (I) The exterior eyes of the first row are placed a little in advance of the median pair of the same row, and (2), more particularly, they are as large as or scarcely smaller than these median eyes. The anterior row, therefore, is formed of four very large, nearly equal and nearly equidistant eyes, arranged in a gentle curve opening forward; the eyes of the second row, so far as known, are minute and situated within and behind and in close proximity to the median eyes of the anterior row, while those of the third row, so far as known, are of medium size, placed at a greater or Iciis dis- tance apart in the middle of the ceplialothorax. as in the American genus Phidippus and the amber Gorgopis. The American genus Phidippus is confined to the warmer parts of the continent and to a large extent to the tropics, so that the presence of this somewliat allied genus indicates, so for as such analogy indicates anything, a warmer climate in early times for Florissant.
Tahle nf the upecies of Parattus.
Ceplialothorax and abdomen well rounded, with convex sides 1. p. remrreetim.
Cephalothorax qnadrafe, with nearly straight sides.
Small species; ceplialothorax less than twice as longas broad ; abdomen quadrate. .2. P.evocalus.
Large species ; cephalothorax more than twice as long as broad ; abdomen round ...3. P. latitatus.
1. Parattus eesurrkctus. PI. 11, Fig. 26 ( 9 ?),
Cephalothorax broad oval, subquadrate, the sides gently convex, the two ends broadly rounded; front regularly semicircular; the two middle eyes of the anterior row very hirge, circular, situated just behind the front edge; the lateral eyes of the same row nearly or quite as large, circular.
54
TiiRTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKIUCA.
I
.i
forming with these a very slightly curved row, opening forwards, of equi- distant eyes. Eyes of second row from one-eightii to one-tenth the size of those of the first row, situated behind and within the middle anterior pair, so that lines drawn through the middle of the large and small ones would meet in a right angle behind the small ones and leave them distant from each other by about their own diameter; the outer edge of either of the small ones is behind the inner edge of one of the large ones ; the eyes of the third row are not discernible on either of the specimens, and on one the lateral eyes, on the other the eyes of the second row, can not be seen.
Palpi of the male with the tip very large, conchiform, as if made of three wiiorls, the middle twice as large as the other two together and sub- globose, the terminal small and globular. Only one palpus is exposed, but the other may partially be seen through the cepiialothorax. Abdomen short ovate, somewhat larger than the cejjhalothoriix, being somewhat longer and slightly broader, subacuminate at tip, with a pair of short styles darkest in a broad mediodorsal band. Legs moderatelv lonjj and slender, subequal. not greatly ta))ering, furnished tlu-oughout and rather abundantly with generally alternate, divergent, long, and tapering spines, fully as long as the width of the joint from which they rise.
Length of body, 4.S5"""; cepiialothorax, 2"""; abdomen, 2.85"""; width of cepiialothorax, !.(]"""; abdomen, L7"""; longer axis of middle section of palpal swelling, 0.8"""; length of wliole swelling, 1.4,")"""; length of first pair of legs, 5.5"""; second pair, .').5"'"'; third pair, 4""" (?) ; fourth pair, 4.75'""'. Excejjting in the palp the nicasuiements are those of the feinale.
One of the specimens is a male; the other, the palpi of which are not preserved, is judged to l)e a female merely from its variation from the other in its larger abdomen. The s|)ecies is readily distinguished from the others by the rounded outline of the cepiialothorax both on the sides and on the strongly convex front.
Kloris.sanr. One ,?, No. 1081 ; one 9, Nos. 8282 and 8459.
2. Parattus evocatus.
Cepiialothorax subquadrate, somewhat loss than twice as long as broatl, slightly broadest posteriorly, with straight, st-arcely divergent sides; anterior and po.sterior margins broadh' convex, the lateral juigles well rounded off; eyes of anterior row large, round, e(|ual, equidistant, the middle ones at less than their own diameter from the front edge and from
ARACHNIDE8— ARANEiDKS— SALTIGUADiE.
55
each other, the wliole arriing:e(l in a slightly curving row opening forward; oyes of second row indistinguishable; those of third row rounded oval, obliquely ))laced, situated each in the center of either lateral half of the cephalothorax. Abdomen slightly longer than the cephalothorax, of the same width, with nearly straight sides, rounded off anteriorly and tapering to a subangulate apex on the posterior third or fourth. The cephalothorax is blackish in the middle posteriorly, and all the abdomen but the terminal tapering part is nearly black. Legs very poorly and imperfectly preserved, but evidently tolerably stout and furnished w'*,h abundant, divergent, taper- ing, sle.ider spines.
Lengthof body, 6.65"™; cephalothorax, 3""" ; abdomen, 3.65"'"'; breadth of cephalothorax anteriorly, 1.8'"'"; posteriorly, 2'""*; abdomen, 1.5""'; length of first pair of legs, 7.5'""'.
The specimen is presumed to be a female from some faint traces of a slender palpus. The squareness of the form distinguishes this from the pre- ceding species; from P. latitatus it differs by its smaller size and propor- tionally shorter cephalothorax as well as by the more rounded front of the latter.
Florissant. One ?, No. 12005.
3. Parattus latitatus.
Ce[)]ialothorax quadrate, ne... y three times as long as broad, equal, with straight and parallel sides, the extreme anterior and posterior angles rounded off; front nearly 8trai<rht l)etvveen the rounded angles. Eyes of ante- rior row large, equal, circular, sube(|uidistant, the middle pair situated their own diameter behind the front, the lateral ones at the front, forming thus a curving series opening forward; eyes of second row not discernible in the single specimen; those of third row also doubtful, but appai'ently repre- sented by a pair of spots considerably smaller than the anterior eyes, slightly nearer together than the middle pair and situated a little in front of the middle. Across the middle of the cephalothorax, or rather a little l)ehind it, is a straight, raised, black line, in front of which the cephalotho- rax is black in a very large round patch, Abdomen almost globular, shorter than the cephalothorax but nuudi broader, covered profusely with dusky and blackish hairs. Legs moderateh' slender and long, armed sparsely with very long and slender ta})ering spines longer than the breadth of the femora.
!
1
;
56
TKRTIAKY INSECTS Ol NORTH AMERICA.
abdomen, S.f)""";
LeiijTth of body, 7 (15"'"' ; ceplialothorax, 4.2™" breadth of cophalothonix, 1.7'"'"; abdomen, 3.2'""'.
The legs are imperfect in tiie single 8|)ecimen known, and as no palpi are preserved the se.v is uncertain. The species differs from both the pre- ceding in its much larger size: from P resurrectus also in its very quadrate ceplialothorax, and from P. evocatus in its globular abdomen.
Florissant. No. 'J823.
Suborder LATERIGRAD>E Thorell.
The two families of crevice-inhabiting crab-spiders which have been found fossil in Tertiary deposit.^, Thomisides and Philodromina^ are both (the foi-mer particularly) common at the present day in Europe and North America. The fossil species belong mostly to the former, only four species of Philodromin;e having been recorded, all from amber, while twenty-one Thomisides are known, not including those described below, all of which also fall here. In this statement the strange amber genus Arcluva is not included, since, though placed by both Menge and Thorell in this grouj), it differs strikingly from the other members and should form a family group apart from them, having no known ailinities with any of the species from the stratified deposits of Europe or Aujerica. (November, 1881.)
Two additional species of Thomisides have lately been described from Aix by Gourret. (October, 1889.)
Family THOMISIDES Sundevall.
All but four of the fossil Tiiomisides des(!ribed up to the present time come from amber and represent the genera Athera (one species), Clythia (five species), Ocypetc (fi»ur species), Opisthophylax ((»ne species), Sypiiax (five species), and Thomisus (one species). Thoniisiis is also re|)resented, with Xysticus, by two s|)ecies each in the stratified deposits of Oeningen and Rott, the latter locality furnishing one Xysticus, tlief<<riner the remain- ing species. The species described below apnoar pretty certainly to 'all in the Tiioniisi<les proper and probably also in the vicinity of 'I'liouiisus or Xysticus. 'I'he family is widely distributed in all pjirts of the world. (Xoveml)er, 1881 )
The two species recently described by Gourret from Aix are regarded as types of extinct genera which he terms Aniphithomisus and Pseudotho- misus. (October, 1889.)
ARAOHNIDES— ARANEIDEa— LATERIGRAD^.
57
THOMISUS Walckenaer.
Three species of Thoinisides occur in the Tertiaries of Colorado, and apparently all of them (one is mutilated) belong to the true Thomisinfe, in which the hinder two pairs of legs are much weaker than the others. As the cephalothorax is in all cases poorly preserved or lost, it is impossible to speak at all definitely of their generic relations, and therefore I have placed all of them in the typical genus Thomisus, from which the family derives its name, and which, or Xysticus, its near ally, they closely resemble in general appearance. In all the abdomen is nearly round. It is interesting to find, as observed above, that the species of this family from the stratified deposits of the European Tertiaries' have also been placed in Thomisus and Xysticus, thougii none of them appear to be very closely allied to our species.
This genus is widely spread, but nearly all the species belong to the warm temperate regions of Europe and North America. (November, 1 881.)
Table of the upeeiet of Thomitvt.
Ti ItiiB of hinder pairs of le};Hbrnit<lor at tip thnn atliuHo, and ranch broader than the tarsi...!. T. resuius. Tihiio of hinder pairs of lej;s of i>i|nal width througliont.
Small Hpecies; femora of tirst pair of le);g half as long a^ain as those of second pair; tarsi as broad
as the tibiiB i.T. disjiincliis.
Large H]>ecieH; femora of flrst and second pairs ^f leus of abont ei|nal length; last tarsal joint slenderer than the tibiie :i. T. defosaui.
1. Thomisus resutus. PI. 11, Fig. 1.3.
Abdomen plump, short ovate, about a fourth longer again than broad, the base broad, the sir'es well rounded, the hinder extremity full, with the extreme apex Squarely truncate. Only a fragment of the cephalothorax remains, showing tiie br^ad attachment of the abdomen. The two hinder pairs of legs only are j)reserved, showing limbs of considerable length, bent forward, the femora nearly as long as the abdomen, longer than the tibiae and fiattened, largest in the middle; the tibiiu are straight, completely con- solidated with the first tarsal joint as in spiders generally, also flattened, slender at base and gradually though slightly increasing in size apically, a peculiarity wliich is not shown in the plate; the tarsi are much slenderer, not flattened, and longer than the tibijB, the first joint alone being nearly as
■ i
!
58
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
long as they; tho wliole \eg is devoid of armature or clotliiiijr and none is perceptible on tlio abdomen.
Length of abdomen, .H""" ; l)roadth, 2..^)'""'; lengtli of third pair of legs, ft.ii'"'"; its femora, 1.8.5"""; tibia", 1. «;.")"'"'; tarsi, 1.8"""; Hrst joint of same, 1.2"""; second joint, O.U""" ; fonrth pair of legs, 7.4.')""": its fem(»rr., 2.7.'')"""; width of same, O.."")""' ; its tibia', 1..')"""; width of same at base, (».2.")""" ; at tip, 0.4"""; its tar.si, 3.2™"' ; width of same, 0.1"'"'; length of first joint, 2"""; second joint, 1.2""".
A single specimen is preserved, in which all anterior to the two hinder pairs of logs is lost. The species is reiidily distingui.shed from either of those here described by the nne(|iial width of the tibia', as well as for the dv,parity in width between the tibia' and tiirsi. As tho front logs are want- ing, this may not so properly be referable as the others to the Thomisides rather than the Philodromina?.
Florissant. Nos. 5502 and 7521.
2. ThoMLSUS DISJUNCTirS.
IM. 11, Fig. 9.
Cephalothorax obscure in both specimens, and apparently preceded by a slender beak, more than half as long as the abdomen and divided into two lateral halves closely united ; they soem to bo a pair of elongated choliceres, but are poorly preserved in both cases. Abdomen rounded, short oval, about a fourth longer than broad, with both ends ecjually rounded. Logs long and slendei, the two front pairs longer than the hinder two, tho first also considerably longer than the second ; the femora are long and slender (the front pair about as long as the alxlomen), flattened and tiiporing at either end; the tibi;e and first tar«d joint are c(»mplotely consolidated into a single piece, so that tho line of demarkation can not be seen, and are very slender, ecpial, as long as the femora: the otlier tar-sal joints are together less than half as lonjr as the pnn-ious member and scarcely slenderer than it, terminating in a .slightly curved delicately pointed daw as long as tho width of the tarsus
Length of abdomen, 1.75""" : breadth, 1.4.'/""'; length of first pair of legs, 4.2""": its fenuir, 1.8"'"'; tibia, 1.7""'; tarsus, 0.7"""; second pair, 2.85"'"'; femur, 1.2"'"' ; tibia, l.l.V"'"; tarsus, 0.5"""; tibia of third jiiiir, 1.05'"'"; tarsus, 0.4""" ; fourth pair, 2.2'"'" ; feuuu-, 1"""; tibia, 0.8"""; tarsu.s,0.4""".
ARA0HNIDE8— AHANKIDKa— liATEIUOKAn/*].
69
The sex of both specimens is iincertniii. Tlie species is readily dis- tinguished from the others by its small size, slender and long legs, and the complete consolidation of the tibia and first tarsal joint.
Florissant. Nos. 9677, 10377.
3. ThOMISUS DKF088U8. PI. 11, Fig. 23, S .
Cephalothorax bent at a strong angle with the abdomen and perhaps distorted in the single specimen known, but as preserved it is of an oval shape, slenderer than the abdomen, but not much smaller, half as long again as broad, similarly and fully rounded at oitlier end, the sides not strongly convex ; it appears to have a median transvetse constriction and incision. Noiiiing can be made out of the eyes, but a single large, black, subcircular, palpal swelling (represented of the same tint with the rest and merged with the cephalothorax on the j)late) lies bordering the middle of the front, a little broader than long. Abdomen very bro.id ovate, not more than a third to a fourth longer than broad, the base slightly broadest and broadly rounded, the apex similarly rounded and the sides between the well-rounded corners nearly straight; a faint separation into three or four segments can also be seen, and the surface is sparsely covered with minute short black hairs. Front pairs of legs much larger than the hinder, show- ing that the species is one of the true Thomisinne, the femora large, swollen in the middle and depressed, the front ])airs much longer than, the hinder pairs nearly as long as, the abdomen; the tibijc proper are very distinctly separated from the first joint of tarsi (in the other species it is reckoned with them in the measurements), excepting on the hindmost legs having a distinct oval form of their own, about half as long again as broad; the first joint of the tarsi is only a little shorter than the femora (on these same legs) a.nd with the til)ia longer than the femora; it is ii.med sparingly with long and slender recumbent spines; the .second and third joints of the tarsi are sub- equal, together shorter than the first joint, and besides tlieir sparse clothing of short fine black hairs the tip is armed witli a single short blunt claw.
Length of cephalothorax, 3.5""" ; breadth, 2.1"™ ; length of abdomen, 4 2mm. breadth, 2.7"'"' ; length of first pair of legs (as preserved), 7.7.')'"'"; its femora, 3..5™"' ; tibia (proper), 1. 1"'"'; (true) first joint of tarsi, 2.4'""'; second joint (as preserved), l'"'" ; femora of second pair of legs, 3"*™ ; third pair of
}
m
TBHTIAUV IX8K11TH OF NORTH AMKRIOA.
logs, 7.15"'" ; itH foiuora, 2.(>'"'" ; ifH tibia (proper), 0.8"'" ; (true) first joint of tarsi, 2"'"; second joint, I"'"; third joint, 0.7')""'; foniora of fourtli pair o.'lcgs, 8"""; its tibia (propor), 1""'; combined tibia und first joint of tJirsi (as preserved), A ')'"'".
Tliis species is very readily separated from the others by its size, nnd undoubtedly belon^rs to a frenns distinct from them; the specialisation of the tibia proper is sutlicient indication of this.
Florissant. Oiu^ /, No. 4742.
Suborder TUBITELARI^E Thorell.
This {i^roup of spiders, «riven to the construction of silken tubes above {jround, is considered by Tliorell as the most lowly or^ranized of the Ara- neides, and it is interestiu}; to find that it is far better represented in the Tertiary deposits than any otiier, coniprisiiif^ more than one-third of the species now known and .'{(! per cent, of the fossil species of P2urope. It is ecpially remarkal)le for its diversity of form, all the families which are rich in genera in Europe at the present time being well represented in the Ter- tiaries of that country, and particularly in aml)er, both in genera and spe- cies; especially, as we shall se(! below, is this true i»f the Drassides, a group which is only surpassed in the number of its fossil species and the variety of its genera by the Theridides. It is, however, neither of these families, but the Kpeirides, which predominates in the American Tertiaries, though next to tnese the Tubitelariu' stand pre-emitient, and particularly the family of Drassides, already mentioned. The same three families, viz, Dysderides, Drassides, a id Agelenides, which are best represented in the European Tertiaries and are most al)un<{ant in species at the present <lay, are al.so present in the Amcfrican strata, the first l)y a single species, tlu^ second by five, and the last l>y two, in all one-fourth of the American Araneides. (November, 1881.)
Family DYSDERIDES Koch.
Three genera of this family, Dy.sdera (four species), Segestria (eight species), and Therea (two species), have been found in Pnissian amber, and comprise all the fossil species known up to the present time. To this list we can ad<l from America one species, belonging to the genus most richly represented in atnber. iSo far as known the living species of thu
1 •
;■ i
ARACQNIDBS— ARANEIDB8— TUUITBLAKIJS.
61
family, which aro not mimeroua, are almoHt oxchiHlvely confined to the European fauna (especially the Mediterranean district) and to Soutli Amer- ica. (November, 1881.)
Gourret Iuih recently descjrihed a specieH of tluH family from Aix, the tirst known from the European rocka; it i» referred to an extinct jfenus, iVodyrtdera. (October, 1889.)
SE(JESTKIA Latreille.
A «'n}:;le species is referable to this j^omis, and with little doubt, as it bears a strikinjr resemblance to tiie living H. aenocubita (Linn.) of Europe. Eight species of tlii- geiuis have been found in the European Tertiaries, all from the amber of the Haltic, and two others are reported as known to Menge from the same source. All the descrilied amber species aro smaller than the American species, and have longer legs and more elongated cepha- lothorax, being evidently more nearly related to one another than to tlxj American form. Tlie living species of the genus are found in southern Euntpe, northern Africa, and Chili, witli a single one in New Zealand. A warm temperate climate is therefore indicated. (November, 1881.)
SeGESTRIA 8ECE8SA. ri. 11, Fig. L'8 ( 9 ).
Female. — Cephalotli(»rax short, rounded ovate, about one-fourth longer than broad, with no distinction of cephalic and thoracic areas, the front broadly rounded, obscure, with no trace of eyes. Mandibles very stout, tapering, rounded at the tip, half as long again as broad, half as long as the cephalothorax, and together as broad at base as the front of the cephalothorax. l*alpi slender, longer than the cephalothorax. Abdomen rather long ovate, about twice as long as the cephalothorax, and a little broader, broadcwt in the middle, tapering only a little toward the base, considerably toward the acuminate tip. Whole body of an almost uni- fownly dark color. Legs subeepial, moderately long, and pretty slender, tapering a little only, the tibiae and tarsi furnislied above with lateral rows of very long tapering spines which do not diverge, but lie along the sides base Lo tip.
Length of body, 9.5"""; cephalothorax, 2.75"""; abdomen, 5 "iS"""" ; breadth of cephalothorax, 2.25'""'; abdomen, 2.65"""; length of cheliceres,
«2
TEUTIAKY INSKOTrt OF NOItTII AMKRICA.
1.5""-, bxti.ij i>f piilpi boyoml c«)rHoIot, ;J. ."">"""; lunKth of lirHt jmir of legs, 10"""; itsfoiiioni, 3"'"'; tibiiu, l.r)"""; tiirHi, . ')..'')"'"'; hocoihI pair, 9.5'"'"; fuiiiom luid tll)iu«, a.Tr)"""; tui-Hi, ri.Tf)'"'"; third pair, fi.fi"""; femoni and til)iu', 2.fi''""; tai-Hi, 4'"'"; fomtli pair, H).'-""'"; fmiiora, 2.4'"'"; tihiiu, 2"'"'; tarsi, 5.8""".
F^loriHHaiit. Two ,', Xoh. 20.'), and l.«()6 and 1.818 of tho Princoton col lections.
Family DHASSIDES Sundevall.
This family is richly ro|m)scnt«d in Tertiary species ; indeed, oxcept- itiji; Theridides, mont richly than any other family of Araneides, hein^' repro- .sented in Hurope by the ;;enera Anat(»ne (three species), (Mubiona (eight species), Macaria (live species), Melauophora (live species), I'ythonissa (ten species), and Sosybiiis (two species), as well as by one species each of Anyphicna, Drassus, Krithus, Ileteronnna, and Idinonia. KiVery one of these are amber species, exceptiiifi^ one Clubionn and one Macaria from < )enin<»'en. ( )nr own faniia has besides this yielded fonr species of Clubiona and one of Anypha-na, b(»th genera represented in amber, and one also at Oeningen. Tlu' present distribution of the species of this family is over the whole world, but the borders of the Mediterranean, eastern Europe, and western South America appear to be far the most richly represented. Some of the genera are c'-nlintHl to one or the other of these regions and nearly all to warm temperate regions. (November, 1881.)
CLUlilONA Latreillo.
A number of species appear to fall here, although it is diflicult to tell whether they should not rather be referred to the lyco.soi(l genus Dolo- medos or its vicinity, .so uiu;ertain are the clews we have to their real posi- tion; until mor(> .satisfactory ."•pecimens can be obtained they may be placed here, the more so as the species all bear some resemblance to the amber spiders referred to the .same genus, (!. eversa to ('. tomeiitosa, (J. arcana to C sericea and C lanata, (!. Iat(;brosa to (!. attenuata, and C. ostentata to C. inicro|>htlialma. The Oeniugen species .seems to be very different, with its rounded abdomen. Very few genera of spiders are so richly endowed with fo.ssil species as this, Theri ilium indeed being the only one which surpasses it, ami ne.\t h> it comes I'vthoni.ssa, a genus of the same fa*- !ly as this. The genus is widely spread in modern times. A few speci«'s are conmion throughout the greater part of Europe, others are contined to the Mediter-
AUA(!UNii>i:a— AKANKiDKs— tuhitiilaum:. 63
mnonii reirioii, a v<frv fow iim toiind in tlu» Hiist IiidifH, mid ii V(*ry liirj^o ituiiilM'r lint roportod tVoiii ('liili; tlio ^roiiiiM is tliurut'orc mostly rontiiiud to wiiriii tuiiipcmtu rofjioiis. (Noveiiibor, 1881.)
Tabh of thu nieolei of CMlona.
('o|iliikliiMinriix iililiiim oviti, iii'ikily or iiuirn tliitii onti-liiili' longer tliitii liroiid,
l.iiHi |iitl|iiil Jiiliil. of iiiikli' liii'U" : iiliiliiriiiiii alioiit iti|iiitll,Y niiiiiili'il iiiitrriorly ami poRtnrlorly, tinlf
UN loiiK j'^ikiii iiH till' i'i'|iliiili)tliontx !■ <!■ evtria.
l.iMl, |i»l|iiil Joint ol'iiiitlKNiimll ; iiliiloinmi tiipcriiiK lioNtnrlorly nnil but llttU loii)(itr lliitii tliii I'lipliit-
lollioruN H. '-'. latthrina.
('()|iliiilotlioritx niiitiiliNli (iviil, only oiiH-l'iiiirth iiroiiKllilnl Ioiikkf tluin liroitd.
Morct lliiiiillviniiillliiK'lirN Ion;;; uliiloiiinn iiiiiili liti'K<'>' 'toil loiiui^r lliun ri'|ihuIotliiiritx 'i. ('. arraiia.
LuNM tin II llvo iMilliiiniturii lon^ ; ulxlinniMi Nriurnly JitrK^r anil lint lltllu loiiKtir tliun (!t<|ilinli)tliii-
nn 4. V. oitentiila.
1. ClUIUONA KVER8A. V\.\l,V\li.'22{S).
Mdlr. — ( '(!|»hulotlionix(tl)()viit(3, eciually nmiided at the two oudrt, more than liidf as loiin^ a<raiii as l)road ; tlie cophalic Hiid thoracic portions not s(»pariil)lc ; fntnt bhintly roniidtHl, tho oycs too po.>rIy preserved to allow auv stiitciinMit concerning tluMii. Palpi nearly as lon;r as the cephalothorax, the last joint very hu}^e, ovate, snbacniniiiate at tip, tlu* longer diameter almost efpiidinj^ tiie breadth of the cepiialotliorax. Abdomen ovate, half as long again and nearly half as broad again as tho corselet, almost equally rounded iit the two ends, but largest near the base and tapering slightly more beliind than in front. Whole body of a nearly uniform Itrown, but in one specimen the swollen paljiiil joint blacki.sh. liCgs nutderately long, not very uncfpnd, tapering, abundantly furnished with dark divergent spines, about lis long as tlu! width of the tibia*.
i.engthof body, r).2"""; ceplndothorax, 2.1"""; abdomen, 3.\"""; width of cephalothorax, 1. (!')"""; abdomen, 2""" ; extension of palpi l)eyond corselet, 1.7"""; longer diameter of last joint of same, 0.7"'"'; length of first pair of legs, (;.7.")""" ; its femora, 2.25'"'" ; tibiu^ 2""" ; tarsi, 2."»"'"' ; second pair, d.T.')'""'; its femora, 2.;{"'"' ; tibia-, 2.2"""; tarsi, 2.25"""; third pair, 5.1""°; its femora, l.li""" ; tibite, 1..V'""; tarsi, 2""" ; ftairth pair, G.6"'"' ; its femora, 2.1'""'; tibia', 2.2""" ; tar.si, 2.3""".
This species is not very far removed from the amber species, C tomen- tosa, but is sligiitly larger than it and has a less tapering cephalothorax.
Florissant. Two ^, Nos. 5944, H:)51.
64
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
2. Clubiona arcana,
PI. 11, Fig. 4 ( ,J ).
Male. — Coplialothoi'jix rouiulisli ovul, iibout one-third longer than broad, the ceplialic and thoracic portions completely blen(h;d, the front in the single iiidividnal obsciu'e with no trace of eyes, (^heliceres apparently pretty large, the jjalpi very long, icngorthan the prothorax, the last joint large and swoll'^n, ovate, more tl.in half as long again as broad, and black. Abdomen a little paler than the bro\ nish cephalothorax, long ovate, considerably longer and soinenhat bro ider than Mie cephalothorax. Legs not very long, tapering considerably, amply provided with more or less divergent slender spines as long as or .slightly longer than the femora.
Female. — Cephalothorax ovate, about one-third longer than broad, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended. Palj)i nearly or (piite as loiig ah the cephalothorax. Alxlomen .sometimes lighter than the cepha- lothorax, long ovate, considerably longer and sometimes a little broader than il. Legs as in the male, the spines perhaps a liitle shorter, and on the tarsi arranged to a cei tain extent in rows, not not'ceable on the male.
Length of body, f 5.25""", ,^ 6.65"""; of cephalothorax, ,7 l.TS""', 9 2.15"""; of abdomen, A 3.5""", ? 4.5"""; breadth of cephalothorax, ,( 1.3"""', 2 l.-t""'; of abdomen, f 1.4""", ? 1.75"""; extent of palpi beyond cephalotho- rax, ^ 2""", i 2"""; longer diameter of last pal()al joint, r 1.15""", shorter diameter, ' 0.5"""; length of lirst pair of legs, ' 7.5""", ? 6.7.5"""; its femora, ,;? 2.05""", ? 2.-;""" ; til*ia', f 2.tt""", ? 2.35'""'; tar.si, ,( 2..55"'"', ? 2""" ; second pair, r 6.45'""', ? 6"""; its femora, ^ l.K""", ? 2.2""'^; tibia', ,? 2..5""", ? 1.65"""; t.irsi, ' 2.35""", . 2.15""" ; third pair, r 5.35""", ? 5.5"""; its femora, ' 1.35 1.8"""; tibia', / 2""', -? 1.H5""" ; tarsi, J 2""", ? 1.85"""; fonrth pair, / 7.75 '? 8.3"""; its femora, J 2.15""", , 3"""; tibia', / 2.6""", ?2.55""" ; tarsi, ,( 3"'"', ? 2.75""".
This species agree.*-' very well in size with C eversa (only males of cour.se comi)ared), or is slightly sinallcv ami the legs if anything- a litth; longer; the cephalothorax is rounder and the jialpal swelling nnu-h more elongated. It is somewhat like both C sericeaand (', lanata of the Prussian amber, but is somewhat smaller and has longer legs than they.
Florissant. One >!, No. 2831; three ?, Nos. 3253, 7087, 8082, i)eside8 a 9 from the Princeton collection, No.s. 1.807 and 1.819.
■!
III III
AJ{A011NIJ)EiS-AHANI<:iDES-TUliITELAULE.
65
•I
3. OHJBIONA LATEBROSA.
PI. n, Fiff. ],s(,?),
7lf„/,._(;ei,l,alotliorax oval, Luj^rest behind tlie middle, tapering consid- erably Ht either end. with no distinction in outline between the cephalic and thoracic portions; front ol,scure with no eyes preserved. Cheliceres pretty hirr-e. I'aJp, very long, almost as long as the cephalothorax, terminal jomt moderately stout, obpyriforn,. Abdomen paler than the cephalothorax, "Hi.h larger than it by rea.son of its greate. breadth, but only about one- tourth longer, largest i.ear the base, tapering apicallv to a blunt tip, its hasa two-thirds .-overed ,. -sely with long, stout, .lark-tipped, fointly <-l..bl,ed hairs. Legs long and slender, subequal, the femora and tibia, fur- n.shed not very abundantly with moderately long, delicateb- tapering, very hnely pointed, slightly divergent spines.
Length of body, 9.1- ; cephalothorax, 4-; abdomen, 5.1 • bre-idth
of cephalothorax, 1.6-" = abdon.en, 2.6™- ; extension of palpi be3'ond front
ot cephalothorax, 3 ; length of fir.st pair of legs, 8. Tf. : second pair U"-™-
third pair, !)""" ; fourth i)air, y..5""".
This spe..ies differs from all the others here described in its taperin-r abdon,en and its proportionally consi.ierably longer legs; the palpal swelN .ng ,s also .sln.lerer than usual. In its tapering abdomen as well as in other features .t comes pretty near the aml,er species, (J. attenuata, being also of the same size : it differs from it in its longer legs. F'lorissant. One /. Xo. (;4!I2.
4. Cli lUOXA OSTKNTATA. I'l. II.Fij,. L'4{c?). .W.._(:epha!orhorax broH<l oval, about one-half longer than broad, well rounded, with no distinction between cephalic and thoracic portions; .•out well roun.Iea. but tcv, {K.orly ,;..«erve.l to show anv eyes. Ciieliceres large. I'alp, s.ry long, fully as long as the .■ephalothorax. The apical joint verystout,.>bpyriform, being Ur^.-st at .so.ne distance bevon<l the nnddle beyond rapidly tapering to an obtuse .ngh-: it is blackisl/and I)ears within .ts apical two-thirds a .stout ribb... b.-nt in the middle at less than a ri-^ht angle, the bend broadly curved, and the apic.f half tapering to a point whlh extends ,ust beyond tl,<. margin ..f the swelli,,;. AbdomM. onlv a little
I
G6 TKKTIAKY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMKKM A.
liirjrer than the cepliiilothorax, ovate, largest in the middle, tapeiing almost ('(jnally in either direction, the apex slightly iuij^led, the snrfiice very sparsely clothed with long, extremely delicate, tapering hairs. Legs moderatelv long, delicately tapering, sparsely fnrnished with scarce] \- divergent s])ines about as long as the diameter of the joint on which tiiey ar*' seated.
l-'emalc. — 'i'he single spe(umen is rather poorly preserved, Jiiirdly aihnit- ting of do«:T:j)tion. It is stouter than the^male. The cephalothorax appears to he roundish (piadrafe, hroadest hehind, scarcely longer than hroad, tlu! hind margin very broadly, the front somewhat narrowly, convex. The abdomen is somewhat larger than the ce])iialothorax, but only a little longer, broadest anteriorly, j)retty well rounjed behind. Legs nnich a.s in the male, but with slight traces of spinos.
Length of bod}-, ' o.r"", -? 4.70 "' ; cephalothorax, '2.65 , , 2.25""";
abdomen, ^ 2.75""", .2.5"""; breadth of cephalothorax. ' 1.75""", ■: 2.15"""; abdomen, f 1.6""", ^ 2"""; extent of palpi beyond ceplialorhorax, ' 1.3.5"""; length of paljjal swelling, ' 0.75""": length of lii'st pair .f legs, ' 7"'"', ; (i.2'""'; femora,/' 2"'", ? 1.5"""; tibia-, ' 2.25""". ; 2.(i""": rarsi, ' 2.75""", ■. 2.1"""; second pair of legs, m;.(;5""", ,6.1"""; femora. '2"" 1.(1"""; tibiie, '2.25""", ? 2.25"""; tarsi, ' 2.4""", ? 2.2.5""": tliird pair ot leys. ' 5.15"""; femora, f 1.2.5"'": tibia>, f 1.9'""; tarsi, ' 2""": tourth pair .-r legs, ' 6.9""", ? 4.6"""; femora, r 2""", ? 0.8.5""" (?) ; tibia', ' 2""", , 1.7.5""" (f) ; tarsi. '
p (iniln - .)nini
This species Is considerably smaller than any of the tuliers, and is further distinguished t'rom tliem l)y the ne;ir eipudity in size of tlu^ ceplialo- thorax and abdomen it reseml)les a little C. micropiithalnia of the Haltic amber, and is of the same size as it, but the cephalic j)ortion of the cephalo- thorax is not distinguished b\' a constriction a.s there, and our species has somewhat stouter legs.
Florissant. Two /, Xos. i:»9, 55(»7 and 5910; oi.e ?, No. 9624.
ANY IM LENA Sundev:dl.
To this genus I refer a single species, manii'estiv belonging in this vicinity, and approaching it. so far asnia\ be judged b\- tin- ^^cneral appear- aiu;e of the specimen, as closely iis ;ni\' other toriii. Truces ol'thc I'Sc-cini be .seen in this specinn-ii, and if correctK interpreted their :iii;niL;t'meiit is not ex.H'tly that of .\n\plia'nii, .iltlmiinh ii Is not M-rv d lib cut from that
AKACHNIDES— AUANEIDE8— TUBI'liiJLARl.E.
of this iiiid allied genera of Drassidae. For the present, at least, it may remain here.
A sing'le species of Anypha^na has before been recorded in a fossil state, A. fuscata, found in amber, but it differs very much from our species, and the arranj^enient of the eyes in particular is altogether different. All the species of the genus now living have been found in southern Europe and Algeria exccj^ting one, which is reported from the Pacific Islands ; and our species thus indicates a warmer climate than the localit}' at present enjoys.
Anyi'h;i:na intkhita.
PI. 11, Fig. 5.
Cephalothorax subcircular, the cephalic and thoracic jjortions wholly blended, the anterior and posterior margins a little flattened, .so as to be nearly stiaight, fully as broad as long, furnished with short, tapering hairs. Eyes apparent]}- formed of two approximated pairs of small ocelli close together in a sliglitly curved line opening f(trward next the middle of the front mar- gin; two slightly larger dir'jctly behind each of these pairs, and slightly more distant from each ot'ior than eithc:- is from th(» pair in front, and two nnu'h larger lateral ocelli situated next tlit- front base ot the front pair of legs close to the margin, and forming with the posters >r middle eyes a very slightly curved series of nearly equidistant ocelli opening forward. The pair of approximated eyes and the one in their rear are faint and more or less conjectural. If this position of the eyes is correct the spider should not be placed in xVnypi rna, but would certainly appear to fall near it and ('lul)iona. Cheliceres ver\ stout, projecting in front o*f the cephalothorax by half the length of the latter, and togetlier coiisiderabl)' more than half as broad as it. well roiuuled apically I'alpi of female rather longer tlian the C('|)halothorax, moderatfly stout. Aixlomeii iipparentlv pedunculate, the pt'duncle long and slender, the a'wlomen plump oval, well and very regu- liirly rounded in fiont. and bur fi-r rne i-^pid tapering of the extreme apev rather mor«' broadly rounded Itehiiwi. i^egs short, subequal, moderately stout, es))e(!ially the femora. tapiriuL" tlr 'tighout, well armed with prettv large tapering spiu<-> of eipuil leugtk ui the whole leg, and about as long lis the width of Tbe tibiic, somewhat divergent and irregularlv disposed on the femorii. bevoiwl nrranged apparently in two or three row- and scarcely at all (li\«'r:r«'nt.
68
TERTIARY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMKRICA.
Lenpfth of body (as preserved), 11.5"'"'; of coplialotliorax, 2.75"""; of abdomen (without pedicel), (>"""; of pedicel, 1'""'; breadth of cephalothorax,
3.1'""'; of iibdomeii, 4.1"""; leii;>tli of clielicercs, l.<;' ; of palpi beyond
corselet, ;5.3"""; of first pair of le^s, S""": its femora, ■_'."."""; tii)iii', 2.(J ';
tarsi, 2.9"""; of second pair of legs, i>.2' ; its femora, 2.(1'"'"; tibiic, ;{.25'"'" ;
tarsi, 3.35"""; of bird pair of le<»s, 7.5'"'"; its femora, 2.;{ ; tibia', 2.5'"'";
tursi, 2.7'"'"; of fourth |)air of legs, 10.75'"'"; its femora, 2.!)'"'"; tibiic, 3.2'""'; tarsi, 4.15""".
Florissant One , (and reverse), Nos, S2i(lt and S2.SI.
Family AGALENIDES Koch.
This famiK of 'I'ubitelariii- is also fairly re})resented in Tertiarv times, three species each having liecn found in amber, of the genera Aniiiurobius and Tegenaria, and one each of Agalena and Argyroneta, besides which Oeningen furnishes an ArgN'roneta and Rotf an Argyronela and a Ilisto- poua. To this list we can a(hl from this country two species of Titamcca, more nearly allied apparently to the amber pecie> of Anianrohins than t<» any other fossils. Far the largest part of the spet-ies of thi.- faniih are known from Knrop<', l)Mt a few from America. (Xovendicr, issl.)
Gourrct has recentiv described a Tegenaria fr i!n .V \.
TITAN(K('A Thorell.
Two species are placed in this genus from their close general n^sem- blance to the tvpe of the .same, llahn's riierifliuni »]uadngiinatinini of Kurope. The genus has never before been found fossil, I»itt is not fair removed from Amanroliius. of which three s|>ecies are known 'n t\m- Kuro- pean Tertiaries. The living sf>ecies of the genus are conlined, so far as I discover, to the Mediterranean <listricf and cemtral Kurope, as are most of the sj)ecies of .\nianroiaus. hut a few of" the latter are reported froui the warmer parts of .\merica .\.- in so Miaii\- other cases, therefor--, the pres- ence of these sjMicies indicat*-* a warm tc^nperate climate. iXoveml>er, IHHI.)
Table of the iptei'- of Tilniiimi.
CV|ili»liilliiir;t<c fiiiiall :iii<) i>\ :kl, ^iluiiil liull .i~ luii^ an lli<- aliilniiiru 1.7'. iiigeii nii.
(.'r|ilialiirliorax larjff ami ilongal.' about tli''i'e-fipiiiilit tin- Iciifilli •<{ llir alidniiii'U 'i. T Uenlernu.
ARACHNIDES— AltANEIDES— TUBITELARI^.
69
, 1. TiTANffiCA INGENUA.
PI. 11, Figs. 29, .S2 ( 9 ).
Cephalothonix oval, about half as long again as broad, largest a little behind the niiddlo, the front not produced but regularly rounded, the lateral curve being slightly convex tln-oughout its course, and thus showing no line of separation between the cephalic and thoracic portions. Arrange- ment of eyes not determinable. Cheliceres stout. Palpi moderately stout, (Hpuil, about as long as the cephalothorax, the terminal joint roundly pointed at tip. Abdomen plump, subrotund, at least four or five times larger than the cephalothonix, being more than twice as broad and fully twice as long as it, slightly mort; tapering at the base than at the apex, only half as long again as broad, and of a uniform tint, or possibly a little duskier along the nK^lio-dorsal ))orti()n. Legs moderately slender, short, subequal, abun- dantly furnished with hairs, which seem (conspicuously in one specimen, No. 13520, less distinctly in others) to be more abundant laterally than upon the u})per surface, and armed with many very long and slender only slightl} diverging spines on all the legs, and especially on the femora and tibiie of the two liinder pairs. All the specimens appear to be females.
Lengtii :tf lx)dy, !).6"""; of cephalothorax, 3.1"""; abdomen, ().5""'; l)ieadth of ce[)halothorax, 2.4"'"'; abdomen, 5.U""" ; length of first pair of legs, H"""; second pair, 7.6"""; third pair, 7"""; fourth pair, 8.75'""'.
The shape of the ce))halothorax and abdomen sufficiently separate this sj)ecies from the following, with which otherwise it agrees closely in general appearance.
Florissant. Four ?, Nos. ;)7!)2, 11203, 13520, 14031.
2. 'PlTANO^.CA IIESTERNA.
Cephalothorax obpyriform, the cephalic portion a little produced and tapering anteriorly less than the fully rounded thoracic part, and somewhat truncate anteriorly, the front scarcely convex, the posterior border well rounded; tlie widest portion of the cephalothorax is in the middle of the thoracic part or of the hinder two-thirds of the whole, aiul it is nearly half as long again as l)road. Arrangement of eyes not determinable. Chefi- ceres stout. I'alpi moderately stout, e(pial, a little shorter than the cepha- lothorax, the apical joint roundly pointed at tip. Abdomen ovate, about
■
' ;U
70
TEKTIARY INSUdTS OK N<)|{TFr AMKI{I(5A.
half as broiid again as the cephalothorax, nearly twice as long as broad, but only half as long again as the cephalothorax, tapering apically as much as if not more than basally. Legs njoderately slender, short, subetpial, abundantly furnished with hairs and with spines, even to the tips of the tarsi, especially on the two hinder pairs of legs, much as in T. ingenua and with the same thinness of ('ovoring above as there, one specimen especially (r2!>77) showing it in the same marked degree as one of the preceding species. As there also, all the specimens appear to be females.
Length of body, 7.1"""; cephalothorax, 2.;{"'"': cheliceres, 1.5"'"'; abdo- men, 5"'"'; breadth of cephalothorax anteriorly, 1.4'""'; greatest breadth, 2.1 '; breadth of abdomen, 2.75"'""; length of first pair of legs, 7""": sec- ond pair, 7..'{"'"' ; third pair, S-f)"'"' ; fourth pair, S""".
The slenderer form of the whole body and the less disparity in size between the cephalothorax and abdomen mark this species as distinct from the preceding.
Floris.sant. Four ?, No.s. 56.56, !200(;, 12!i77, and Princeton (jollec- tion. No 1.H09.
Suborder RETITELARI^ Thorell.
Next to the last equivalent group, tliese sjaders. vvliicli make a loose web or .snare ai)|)arently constructed without any rogtdar plan, are the most numerous in Tertiary deposits, forming in Kuroj)e, as we have seen, 2!> per cent of the total fauna. This, as before, is dependent in large nieasure upon their representation in andier, which contains forty-eight of the fifty-five described species. The tiuinber known from the Huropean strata is, however, greater than in any other of the larger grouj)s, while the American species of the .siime here brought to light are for once con- siderably less numerous than the Kuropean. All the species belong to the Theridides, which is also far the richest in forms at the present day. (November. ISSI.)
Family THERIDIDES Koch.
There is no single family of spiders so abundantly lepresentod in Ter- tiary deposits as the Theridides. No less than fifty-four species, oi- more than one-fourth the whole number of fossil Araneides of Europe, in-long to this group and represent fourteen genera. Theridium is rich(>st. with six- teen species ; then follow Thyelia with eleven: Zilla, Micryphante.s, and
M
ARACHNIOES— AUANEIDES— RETITELARI.'B.
71
Ero with five each ; Liiiypliia with three, Corynites and Erigone with two, and Anaiidrus,* Clya, Diehvcata, Euryopus, Flegia, and Schellenbergia with one each. Flogia, Corynitis, Aiiandrus, Thyelia, Clya, Diehicata, and Schel- lenbergia are all peculiar to the Tertiaries, Schellenbergia to Oeningen, the others to amber. Nearly all the species are from amber, but beside the S('hellenber<^ia from Oeningen there is a species of Erigone and two of Lin}'phia from Rott, and two species of Theridium from Oeningen as well as another from Aix.
America, however, does not bear her proportionate share in this repre- sentation, l)eing poorer even than the stratified deposits of Europe, whereas in every other group it is either better representeil or falls diort by only a single species. There is a single species of Linyphia, two of Theridium, and some egg-cocoons referred for convenience to the comprehensive genus Ariinea. Tiiat two of the three species known in the perfect state should l)elong to the genus most highly favored in the European Tertiaries is a point worth noting.
Tlu; family is best represented in Europe (especially in the Mediterra- nean district) and warm temperate America, but a few liave been found in the East Indies. (November, 1881.)
Gourret, in his recent investigation of the spiders of Aix, found but a single species of this family among the eighteen Araneides described by him. He referred it to Ariamnes.
AHANEA Linnd.
Under this broad generic name are placed notices of some egg-cocoons which ar<» like those made by species of this group and which have been found at no less than three distinct localities. I am not aware that any such remains have before been noticed.
.\ KANE A COI.UMIil.*:. PI. 11, Figs. 1, 2.
.Iranea cohonhiir Scndiler, lirp. TrMgr. (ieol. Siirv. Can., 187(i-'<7, 4li;?-464 (1878).
Among the stones obtained by Mr. Dawson 'in Hritiish Columbia are several <-ontainiiig tlie flattened remains of the egg-cocoons of Araneides. There are no less tlnui eight of them, of difierent shapes and sizes, occurring
' Anaudriis ia credited with uno Hpeuies, but it is not described (Meiigu, Lebenazeicben, etc., p. 7).
ill
< I
72
TEKTIARY INSECTS OF NOIITII AMERICA.
by pairs, none of tlioni rtiverses (•(' others. Tlioy ori-iir on st«>iius mnii- bered 3S to 41. As tlio foi'in of tbo cg'jLf-coi'oonH in Anuiuidos is so viirious, and the number of s))eciniens found indicates a probability of obtaining at some time the probable constructor of the webs, 1 liave only applied an ancient, broad generic name to these products of the insect, i\.v *ha auke ot indicating the nature of all the fossil remains from Quosnel. It is probable that the spider will be found most nearly allied to Theridium, species of which construct pedunculate egg-cocoons not very difierent from these. The cocoons vary slightly in size, and niore in shape, owing no doubt to their varying position when crushed; proba])ly tliay were globular, or pos- sibly slightly oval in shaje; averaging about tive millimeters in the longer and four millimeters in the shorter diameter; of a firm .structure; testaceous in color, and hung by a .slender thread, less, or nnr h less than quarter the length of the egg-cocoon (averaging, perhaps, one millimeter in length), to a thickened mass of web, attached to some object or to tlu» ins(!ct's web.
That they have been preserved by pairs upon the stones has no signifi- cance, and, indeed, may be due simidy to the way the stones were broken; for they lie at varying distances apart, with no sign of cmnection, and placed with no definite relations to each other. Two of them show no sign of the i)edicel, but this is certaiidy due to poor pre.servation ; and a single one, the least circular (4()«) n»»t oidy has no jjcdicel, but appears to be formed of a lighter, fiimsier ti.ssue, and may belong to a different species. The following are the longer and .shorter diameter, and length of pedicel, of each .specimen :
NuinlHT»fsi,..c.., ,,,„,„^^„. ,lui.M«tt.r., ,.e.llc.-l.
i No. :wfc. i No, :wc.
No. -.VJa.
No. ;«•/), No. 40a. No. 4(1*. No. 41a. .No. 4 Id
Mm.
.'..0 ti.O 4.(1 4.(1
.'i. (I
4.:>
Mm.
:!. .")
4.0
:i. (i :i. .-. v. r, :t.7 ;t ;t
4. -2
Mm. L.'i
0.8
i.a
1.0
(•) (•)
' Kttsu uuly of ikhUccI iiruHei'vvil.
The egg-cocoon of a si)ider (No. 4201 ), of exactly the sanu! size, shape, and general appearance; as those described abov<f, excepting that from
AKACnNinKS— AUANKIDKS— RKTJTKLAKI^.
78
u break in the Htono tlioro Ih no tmco of u pedicul, was Ibiiiul by mo in tlio sluilos at Groon Uivor, Wyoiuinjf.
A singlo spt'cinion (No. H9,'jr>), of an ogfj-cocoon was also found at Florissant, Colorado, liavin}^ tlio sanio jfeneral appearance, but with no trace of a pedicel and sli<rlitl}' lar<,'er than any of the others, being (!'""' long and 4""" broad. It is of course impossible to say that it is the same species.
Still another (No. 1.173) was brought by the Princeton expedition from Florissant, differing in the opposite direction, being considerably smaller and so i)roserved as to appear br(>ader than long. It is provided with a pedicel 1.4""" long, 1)ut is itself only 2""" long and 2.5'""' broad.
Quesnel, Green River, Florissant.
TJIEKlDIU^r Walckenaer.
No less than sixteen fossil species of this genus have been described, thirteen from amber, one from the beds of Aix, at about the .same horizon, and two from Oeningen. Those from Oeningen and Aix are very different from the two here descri))ed, and those figured from and)er are scarcely nearer, though T. opertaneum bears some resemblance to T. granulatuni, and T. seclusum to T. liirtum. The vast majority of the numerous known living species of this genus are from Europe, but not a few occur in our country, especially in the Southern States, and one or two are reported from other parts of the world. It is therefore almost exclusively a north temperate genus, but is by no means confined to the warmer parts, and its occurrence at Florissant has no special significance as to the climate of the times. (November, 1881.)
Tails of the specie$ of Theridiim.
Largo Hii«t'i«8; thu c(i,iltalotli(>i'iix mufli longer tliiiii broml ( 9 ) 1. T. 0!>irtaiieiim.
Small ipcLieH; tlio cupliulutliurax nearly oirciilar ( ^ ) 3. T. aecliiaiim.
1. TUKUIUIUM OrKRTANKUM. ri. 11, Fig. 3(9).
Founle. — Ccphalothora.- elongated, comparatively slender, nearly ecpial, about twice as long as broad. Legs slender, imperfectly preserved, not very long, sparsely furnished with rather short delicate spines, not longer than the width of the legs. Abdomen very large, nearly globular, nearly three times as broad as the cei)halothorax, of a grfeenish tingf,. though the whole body is brown.
74
TI;KTIAKY INHKCT8 OF NOHTII AMKHICA.
l.oii;ftliot'lH)(ly, 11 ; of copIialollKtnix, :•"""; hmKlthof siuih;, 2.L'""";
of uIkIoiik'Ii, 6. 1"""; loii^'tli <»f lirst pair of fmnorii, (>""" ; ftcuMtiul pair, fi"'"' ; Hecoinl tihiui, 4'"'": t\\\vA foiiioni, «""'": tliircl tibiii!, 2.4'""'; foiirtli fciuoiii, 3.2;'.""".
UosiiU'M its vcM'v iniu'li {jfroatoi* size, this spocios dilVcrs <;reatly from the other in the form of the ccphnlothorax.
Florissant. Out' , , No. l,'{r)2l, presorvotl on a dorsiil view.
2. 'I'liKUiuir.M sK('Li:8rM. n. 11, Fig. L'»(,t ).
Muk, — Oc'plial(tthorax stout, stpiarc ovnl, n littlo loujjcr only than broad, the front broadly and r<'<>ularly rounded. Cindiceres nitlicr stout, as Ion;; as lialf tlie width of the eoraolet, tapering a littlo, rounded at tlm a))ex, the outer rdyo straight, the iinier rouiuled. l/ist joint of palpi nearly as lar;;e as the ehelicores, oval, on a stalk as Ion;;;' as the cophalothoi These
two parts are ine(»rrt'<'tly repre.sented on the plate, where the pali)i andcheli- cercs appear as one ^'reat jjiecd. Abdomen rather small, oval, narrowi^r than the ccphalothorax, but of about the .same length. Legs long and slender, the first pair partieularly long, and the second pair consideraldy lonyer than the fourth, whieh is unusuallv slender : all the legs are furnisht'd with numerou.s spines, apparently arranged In three rows and clustered much more n\imerously at the distal end of the femora and tibia- than elsewhere; the spines are moderately slender and about as long as the width of the joints, separated from one another by al)ont their own length, sometimes a litth; le.ss.
Length of body, 4.")""" ; of abdomen, 2,2')""" ; width of cephalothorax, 1.6iV""': of abdomen, 1.2'"'"; length of eheliceres, O.?."*""" : of lirst pair ot legs, 15'""': its femora, I..')"'"'; tibia-, 4.. V'"" ; tarsi, 6""" ; .second pair of logs,
!•_»"'"' : femora. ;{.7."»' ; tibia-, a. 7.')' : tarsi, 4.5'"'" ; third pair of legs, .'..25""" ;
femora, 14'""'; tiliia-, 1.1 ; tarsi, 2.7.".'"'" : fourth jjair of leg.s, 9""" ; femora,
3..")'"'"{?): tibia-. 1 ..T'" ( .' ) ; tarsi, 4""".
The species is very nmch smaller than T. opertaneum, besides having a very dilTerent corselet.
Florissant. Xos. 228(), 7Hl(j, y02(). All the specimens appear to be males.
aii.v<'HN!I)Ks~.\I!.\ni:iiu:h— wrnTKi.Aiti.K.
T»
MNVI'lllA Latnillc.
Two s|KM',ioH of tins }>;oiiiiH linvc liccn ihrnrriltcil tVoin Rott, and one (foniKii'Iy (ronsi(! nnX two) Mpi'iios Frnm ainlicr. 'I'Ik* siii<ilo H|)(H'i<'K we ciiii ]\('.n) luUl to tin* Miinilii'f is tolcriibly iicurly iillicd to tlio iiinl)oi* .s|)ocm«>«, ii« wull iiH t(» \j. rotti'iisis of tlio lilioiiisli hiowii i oal, thmi^fh it U nuicli liirgor than tlio lattiT. Tlic livinjj;' H|R'('i('H arc fonn<l abinulaiitly in all pailH of Kni'opu, oxcoptin^jf itossibly the most sonthcrn, and scvcial spccios are rocorih'd from (loorj^iu and from (liili. Its proHoncct at hMorissunt would rather imlicaU! a mean tcnipyratocdiinato. The spocif^naro Hvuly an iH.-iviig'd in (diarac^tcr, constructing'- u rather « ompHcated sheet of Wel», nn(Un- tlio middle of which they lie in wait in an inverted position for their prey. (Xovenihcr, ISKl.)
I.IWI'niA KKTKNHA.
I'l. II, rigs. U.-., 27 (<J ).
A sinjfle male ami its reverse re|)resent this species; the reverse was broken, and tint jjosterior portion fiLinred before its anterior half was found; lienct! the specimen is nnmliered three times; it is tolerably well preserved, especially the le^jfs The better preserved half shows a nearly uniform dusky figure upon the stone, but on the reverse the abdomen is imndi darker, almost black, and the palpi also are darker than the eephah)thora\. The latter is regularly oval, the anterior extremity the more pointed: upon this some t)celli may l»e seen, of which there are apparently two approxi- mate biif .dependent ones next the middle, and ou one side a pair f)f con- ,';"•• , of the same size, all next the anterior ed;^e. The last pal})al joint IS larj^e, subcircnlar, or somewhat pyriform, ftuMiished interiorly with a stout, strongly bent ribbon, and is perched on a stalk long enough to carry it by its own width beyond the margin of the corselet. Abdonu^n regularly obovate, a trille brnader in front than behind, somewhat longer than the corselet, and roundly pointed behind. Legs very long and slender, except- ing tlie tliiril i)air, which an; short, all the femora rather sparsely furnished with very delicate spines.
Length of body, 7.1'""'; of abdomen, 4"""; breadth of cephalothora> 2"""; Mf abdomen, 2.1.")""": diameter of palpal swelling, 1'""'; length of lirst pairoflegs, 1!)""": second pair, lo.r)'"'" ; third pair, G.D""" ; fourth pair, 14"""; fu>' pair femora, ()'"'"; tibia', 7'"'"; tarsi, 6""'"; second pair femora, f)'""';
■I
I!
i
7»J
Ti;i{TiA. V ;.. SKITS or Noirni amiiijkja.
11
tibia', r).r»"""; tiirni, :.'""'; tliinl pair of lViiii>iii. 2..V'"" : tlWuv, '2.\ : tm-rti,
L*""": foiirtli piiir <»f femora, 4.:>""" ; tibia", 4..'i ; tiii»<i, :.""".
'I'liiri HjK'cit's tlitVerrt tVom I,, fboitacantha in its coiiHidfrably lar^roi- size, tht> abHoiicu of distant Mpiiics ii|ioii tbu IcK**! '>i>*l >(>* iiiiicli tnori* sIciMlt'i' cepba- lotborax and lon^fcr Ic^js.
FlorisHant. On." ', Xos. 1297(1 and l.'J21"J and t lo.'l'J.
Suborder ORBITELARIvE Thorell.
The synnnctrical-wol) constniftin^^' spiders, tboii^rb nut rare In Tertiarv dopnsits, are not so eoninion as tlu'ii' al)nndanee in reeent times woidd lead one to anticipate, for, as wo bave seen, only S per cent (»f tbe i'iiiropean fossil spiders belon^r to tliis ;;ronp, and all or nearly all of tlieni are Kpei- ridt's. In tins nnnd)er are not incliide(l two or tbree s|)ecies described b\' older autliors nnder tbe name of Aranea, tbe precis(> location of wbicb is and must prol)al»ly always remain uncertain. 'I'liirteen species are credited to aml)er, two to Uolt, and oni^ to < )eninjien. In our own cnnntr\' tlas case is very ditftu'ent, for nearly one-liidf of oiu' sjiecies (41 per cent) are to bo refern.'d to tbis ;rroup, and all al-o are Mpeirides. It is tbe one considerable I'oint in wliicli tbe American fauna may be contraste(l witb tbe Kuropean. In l{ottalon(^ of all tbe Kuropean localities (wbere tbe ()rl)itehn'ia' lorm one- foiirtb of tbe known fauna) do we bave any approacb to tbe proportionate number of tbis j^reat jiri'oup. (November. ixSI.)
Family EPEIRIDES Sundevnil.
Tbe ficuera of Mpeirides represented in tbe Kuropean Tertiaries are Kjieira (livc! species), of wbicb two come fnnn Uott and one from ()enin;;('n, (Jra'a (tour species), Antopia (tbree species), < )nca (two species), and Kj)eiiidion and Siu-a (one species eacb). Tbe American fauna is nearly as ri(li, ricber for once tban tbe aiidter, wbence lome all tbe Kuropean species except fliose specit'.cd above, end>racin;»' seven or more species of Kpeira, four ol iinextinct j^enus. 'retbiieus, and ime eacb of Tetra^^iiatba and Xepbilii, ;f».'nera liefore unknown in tbe fossil state. Not only, tben, is tbe American fauna pecidiar tor its riclmess in species ol' tbis family, but no otber sbows so many novel forms for tbe Tertiary epocb. One of tbese latter }j|;enera pre- dumiiiates ill America and tbe <»tber is u tropical j^enns, wbicb lends addi-
' Tim Irriiiinal puil nf llir liylil taixi hh givi^ii in Vnf. •.'" lUivn nut lielonj; to tin' tarni.
n
Ai{.\«'iiNiin;s-Ai{ANKii)r,M-<>unrn;iiAiti-i':.
77
tioiml iiitorcst to their diMi'Dvcry. 'I'lii! M|to('i('.s arc Hprt'iid nil over tlu* jifU»lK* ill linlli fciii|icriito iiild toiiid icyiniis. ( NnvtMllliff, iMSl.)
Ar Ai\, (ioiiirct toimd Imt :i sinuh- iiifiiili*ti- of tliJH fiiiiiil) , wliicli Ik* rcturrcd to ti distinct j^ciiiih nillcd ( '<>rfidit>llti.
'IK'lh'AliNA'niA L.iti.Hlc.
'I'liiM ^ciiiiH liiiH n(3V('i' hot'om hctMi n-ro^iii/.t-d in ii t'osHil Htatc, Altliongli r(*|>n'scnf(M| in ovcry (•(nitincnt, it is only in Aincricii and particniarly in tlie wariiKT parts of North America that it is at all ahundant: here sonic spccius raiif;o north to Now I'iii^fland, hnr it is essentially a ^oiiiis of tlut Soiitheni 8tut.oH; these spiders fnMjiieiit the liordei's of poiulM and hoiico it is not Htriin*j>'(t that we shonhl find thoin in tlio lake deposits of Florissant, althon^rh their prcwonce tlieiut certainly indicates a warnitir climate than tlie present. 'I'he spocics horo described does not appear to have special atlinities with the American species with which I luivo been alile to eonipare it, beiiij>- stouter bodied than they. (Noveinlior, 18H1,)
'rKTKAONATllA TKUTIAItlA. n. ll,riB. 11 (<5). Tflraijiuithn Urliarui Sciidilcr, Zittcl, lliiiiaii. il. I'liloont., I, ii, 714, I'ig. '^•i^ (IHfh).
\ siiif^lo male and its reverse represent the under surface of this spe- cies; as preserved, it is of a palo rusty color, the cephalnthoracic ap^)end- a<^es much darker than the alidomen, which is as pale as the legs, or than the cephalothorax, which is nearly as pale. The cephalothorax is circular or scarcely lonj^itndinally oval, the exposed ventral portion between the bases of the inandibhts and legs shield-shaped or heart-shaped. '^Fhe man- dibles are very larj^e, longer than the cephalothorax, broader on the apical than on the basal half and thus formed of two jiarts, a basal, straij^ht, equal piece, as bro.id as tlu^ third or fourth lo<^s and about donlile the longtli of the coxu'. iiiiil an apical ovate* portion, not unlike the apical joint of the palpi, somewhat Ioiij>er than the basal portion and fully half as broad again as the front legs. Ueyond these, and separated from them by a little space, and thtM'efore supported bv a long pedicel, which however is not preserved, are tin* apical jialpal joints, a little smaller than the ai)ical portion of the mandibles and of about the .same shape, in the interior of which a strongly curveil coriieoiis thread can be made out, forming more than a complete
-f
i : ■
; \
\^ '
m
m
78 TEKTIAUV INSECTS OF NOUTII AMlClilCA.
circle. The legs, of which only the third and fourth puirs are poi'fect, are very long-, excepting the third pair; the femora and perhaps the tibia; have a sniiei'ior series of alternately diverging, slender. v(^ry distant spines, farther from one another than their own lengths. TJie abdomen is long oliovate, siibcvlindrical, a little tlu; largest at the base, as long .is th(> ceijhalothorax and cheliceres together.
Lengtii of body. 10"""; of abdon>en, ;'»"'"'; breiidth of cephalothorax, •J..")"'"'; (»f abdomen, 2.3"'"'; length of mandibles, 3.2"""; breadth of the basal portion, 0.7""". of the apical portion, 1.3'"'"; greatest diameter of last palpal j(»int, 1.2.0'"'". least diameter of .same, l.lo'"'"; length of femora of Jirst pair of leg.s, S.7.5"""; of .second, 7"""; of thh-d, :\J)"'"': of fonrth, 7'"'"; lengtli of tliird i)air of legs, '.1.5 ; of fourth pair, 18..')""".
FInris.sint. One ', Xos. oOOO and .5.S!IS.
TETIINEUS, gen. nov. {(-h'tlauc^).
Under tliis name are h(>re grouped sevend evidently nearlv allied spe- cies of spiders, which closely resemble in general aspect thost; placed under l]l)eira, but which differ also bom them in certai:i features, and in these same characteristics appear to dirt'er also fron» all other Kpeiiides, to which family t'.iov evidently belong. 'I'liey iire compact in I'orin, with short and stout legs of not very unequal length, and in particular the first two pairs (tf legs are unusually heavy. The second and fourth pairs of legs are of nearly equal length, or the .second pair may be slightly longer; the femora of the first and second pairs of legs are at base as Inoad as or even broader than half the width of (he cephalotlutrax, and the longest legs are less, gen- erally consideraljly less, than twici- as lung as the l)o(ly. The species are of medium size.
I'lihli' <tf till n/itiitH lit' i^illiiinttt.
Cepliiilic ami llioraoic iiorlions i>l' tins roiHcli-t Mr|iaialiil liy .1 lli^tiIll:l riiiiiiii^dliir iiiriNiim.
Last palpal ,j"iiit ipI' iiiali' cliiliiimi I. T, iiuijati.
Last palpal .jiiiiit nt inali' iloiinati'il l. /'. /iini'fcddi.
No 111 if cliiiiarliutiDii brtwciMi tlic Iwip parlH of llio ('(iiscli'!.
Smaller spi'uii's, ci'plialdtlicirax ic-;{iilai l\ uliovati- ',' /', oUdiiraluH.
liarger gpecion, cephiilothdraN nvair, nearly |i> nloriii ;!. T. henlzii.
1. Tk)IIM.I'S Ot'VOTI. I'l. II, KiK.s. ,S ( <J ), 10(9).
» 'ephalothotax roundly oljovatf, not nuich longer than broad, broadest liehiud till- middle, the cepli.alic separated from the llioracic portion by a deep iiicisi:)ii. n.-acliing nearlv to the middle of the whole section ; and behind
AKA(JIIN1I)H8~AKANK1J)KS— OHHlTELAKIvK.
79
it IS a distinct, short, median furrow. The front is well rounded; nothing can 1)0 said of the eyes; the hist palpal joint of the male is very large and <^'lobose, the liasal joints e-, idently short. Abdomen a little larger than the ceplialothorax and of the same general form, l)ut more regidarly obovate. i^egs, especially in the male, rather short, the femora being also very stout; til)ia' and tarsi (but not the femora) furnished with a superior row of irreg- ularly alternating, somewhat divergent, long and slender spines on either side.
Length of body, S T.V.-i, ? 8.5"""; of cophalothora.x, ' a.5, , 4.25 ;
width of same, ./: 3.8, y 3.25"""; length of abdomen, ' 4.25, ? 4.25"""; width of same, .7 4. 9 3.5"""; diameter of last palpal joint, ' 1.4"""; length of tirst pair of legs, S 12.75-12, •? IS.S"'"; its tibia, ' 4.2-4"""; tarsi, <? '^.1-4.5"""; width of femora, ' 1.2-1, ? 0.8"'">; second pair, ^ 11.75-10.5 ? 14?r)"""; its tibia, ,r i-3.25'""'; tarsi, ^ 3.75-3.75""'; third pair, ,^ 7.75--! o, ? 8.5"""; its tibia, ' 2.5-2, ? 2.5"""; tarsi, -f 2.5-2.25, ,' 3.5"""; fourth j^air, ? 9.25-8, ? 12.75"""; its tibia, / 3.25-2.5, v 4"'"'; tarsi, ' 3-2.5, ? 4.25'""'.
The second measuiements of the legs of the male are of a b nailer indi- vidual. It will be seen that the sticond pair of legs are proponionatel}- longer in the female than in the male, where they are shorter than in the first pair.
The species is represented by four individuals, one of them in dupli- cate. All but one are males and, excepting one male, all are tolerably pre- served.
Named for the late Prof. Arnold Gu}'ot, to whose kindness I am indebted for the opportunity of studying the Princeton collection of Floris- sant insects.
Florissant. ; , No. 320: ^, Nos. 8^(j5, 8311, and from the Princeton collection, one <r, Nos. 1.808 and 1.854.
2. TeTHNEUS OBnURATUS. PI. 11, Fi}?. 31 (9).
This species is represented by a single rather poor specimen, pretty certaini}- athliatod with the others of this genus, but smaller than any of them. The cephalothora'c is of a very regular obovate form, nearly half as long again as broad, with a small, circular, dark, central spot ; no line of demarkation of the cephalic and thoracic portions can be seen ; the front is
r^ssrz
80
TEltTIAUY INSECTS OK NOllTU AMERICA.
!l
'^ l\
Htroi)<r]y convex, but no certain trace of the eyes can be made out. The 1 alpi (female) are .stout and larjLife, taperin*^ apioally, but bhiutly pointed. '^I .le le{;'s are very .stout, but unfortunately hardly any of llicni perfect.
Length of cephalothorax, 3.(>""" ; breadth, 2.7""" ; projection of palpi beyond front, 2"""; their breadth. 0 4"""; breadth of fore femora, 1"'"' ; length of femora of first pair of legs, 2""" ; tibia", 3"'"' ; femora of second ])air of legs, 2.5"""; tibite, IV'""; tarsi, 3"'"': fcMuora of third pair, 1.5"""; tibije, 2'""'; tarsi, 2.5""'; femora of fourth pair, 2.25"'"'.
Floris.saut. One ,, No. 7177.
y. IVrHNKUS IIKNT/II.
PI. 11, FifT. li{S).
Tethnmia liciil:ii ScikIiUt, Zitl.l, llamll.. .1. I'ahn.iit., I, ii, T4I, li},'. '.hJS (ISa'O.
This species is represented by seven individuals, one of tliem in dupli- cate and all of them males. About half of them are well preserved, 'i'he cephalothorax is short ovate, almost pyriform. liroade.st behind and strongly convex in front, with no dem;n-kation between the cephalic and thoracic portion.s of the corselet ; although there are traces of the eyes, their position and relations can not be satisfactorily determined. Palpi short, the terminal joint barely separated entirely from the front, very largo and globose, a little longer than broad by rea.sf.r if a broad bulbous protrusion of the anterior extremitv, which, however, is not clearly apparent ii\ all the speci- mens by their mode of preservation : in one specimen the upper anterior extremity, and that only, is covered with rather long and close bristly hairs, forming an open tuft. Abilomen nearly circular, a little longer than broad, oidy a little larger than the ce))halotliora\ and of a lighter color than it, with a darker, broad, median patch not so deej) in t'nt as the cephalothorax. Legs short, .stout, tapering, spinous, and hairv throughout, of not greatly un((|nal length, the femora very stout and tapering more lapidly near the tip than elsewhere.
Length of l)ody. lift"'"'; width of same, 3""": length of cephalothorax, ;)..^'""'; of abdomen. ;;.2.")""" : longer diameter of last joint of palpi, 1.4""": length of first paii' of legs. l;i.75""" ; its coxa. 1.1""": feumr, 3.1"""; tibia, 1""" : tirst tarsal joint, con.solidated with the til)ia, 2.75""" : the tarsus proper,
r>""": length of second pair of legs, 11..'. ; its i-oxa, 1.5""'; femur, 2.7""" ;
tibia, r ; first tarsal joint, 2.3'""' ; tarsus pioper, I""": length of third p.iir
AKACHNIDKS— AHANKIDKS— OHHJTELAKl.E.
81
of legs, 7.25'"'" ; its coxa, 0.7a""" ; fenuir, 2""" ; tibia, O.M'""' ; first tarsal joint, 1 3"""; tarsus proper, 2.4'"'" ; l<Mi<rtli of fourth pairof leg.s, 11.25'"'" ; its coxa, 0.75"""; femur, 2.75'"'" ; tibia, l""'" ; iiist tarsal joint, 1.75""" ; tarsus proper, ;}""".
Named for the Anierican arachnolo<j;ist, the late Pro4'. N. M. Mentz.
Tliis species (litters from T. guyoti in wanting iiny distinct tlemarkation of the thoracic and cephalic portions of the corselet, in the spiny character of the femora, and in the longer and more tapering legs. It is also smaller.
Florissant. Seven S, Nos. 122G, 1447, 8860, (5000, 8533 and 8635, 8681), 141J82.
4. Tethneus pkovectus. PI. 11, Fig. 21 ( 5 ).
Four specimens, one of them in duplicate iind all of them tolerably preserved, represent both sexes of this species. Cephalothorax of female (that of the male too vague for determination of form) rounded subcpuidrate, broadest and subangulated behind the middle, the rapidly narrowing front almost straight anteriorly, and scarcely more than one-fornth the width of the posterior portion ; cephaiic separated from the thoracic portion of the corselet by a rectangular incision and by the slightly concave curve of the sides of the anterior half; the cephalic is also distinctly darker than the thoraci(^ region. Nothing can Itc said of the eyes. 'Hie last palpal joint of the male is large, '-ounded (pmdrate, about twice as long as broad ; tlie palpi of the female ai'c as stout as the base of the front tarsi, hairy, tapering only on the a])i('al half of the terminal joint, rather bltinth' jxtinted, extending nearly as far beyond the front as the whole length of the cephalothorax. .Mxlomen as dark as the cephalic portion of the corselet, in the female plump, nnnided, slightly ovate, considerably larger than the cephalothorax, the a\)e\ almost angulated ; in the male rounded subfusiform, much longer than the cephalothorax, but not greatly broader. Legs very hairy but without conspiciuius spines, the femora very stout, and at the tip rapidly ta|)ering, the rest of the legs diminishing in size less noticeably than in the j)receding species.
Length of body, 6.5'"'"; <»f cephalothorax, ."."""; of al)domen, 3.5"""; breadth (.f cephalothorax, 2.S'"'" ; of abdomen, 3.1'"'": exten.sion of palpi
VOL XIII 1)
It
i •*
82 TEltTlAKY INSliGTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
beyoml front, 2.2""" ; length of first pair of lefrs, !) 25"'™ ; its tibia, 3.25""" ; tarsi, 2.4"'"' ; .second pair of leg.s, S""" ; its tibia, 2.75'"'" ; tarsi, 2.4""" ; third pair of legs, 5.5'"'"; fourth pair of legs, 7'"'"; its tibia, 2.3'"'"; tarsi, 2.3"'". The measurements are all taken from the female.
This species is of about the same size as the last, but differs from it in its slenderer form, the shape of the cephalothora.x, slightly slenderer and less taperhig legs, as well as :n the clothing of the same.
Florissant. One /, three I, Nos. 8141, 13519 and 13522, 13524 (?), 14fi!)l (^).
EPEIKA Walckenaer.
Only a very few species have been described in a fossil state under this generic name. Hevdeu tigiu'ed a Gea krantzii from the Miocene beds of Kott on the Rhine .vhich Thorell considers an Kpeira and which is about the size of Iv delita, but wliicli does not resemble any of our species. Heer figures an E|)eira uiolassica fr im Ocningen, consideral)ly larger than any of the Florissant Epeira-, but perhaps more nearly resembling E. delita than anv of tl\e others. Menge names b\it does not describe an E. eogena from aml)er, three millimeters long, or of about the size of our smallest spe- cies; and tinally Bertkau has more recently de.scribed and figured a second species from liott, under the name of E. trfischelii, which bears no small resemljlance to our Iv nieekii, with which also it agrees very well in size.
Seven species are here described and others indicated, this genus l)eing the oidy one represented on both continents in Tertiary times which is richer in sjiecies in America. The genus is found in all parts of the world, and its occurrence in such numbers in the Florissant beds is a noint of no significance beyond the com|)arison ju.st made with the European Tertiaries. (October, ISHl.)
Tiibli of the Kperiin i>f Epeira.
Cephiilic dintiiictly separatpil fri>iii the tlKHacii- pnrf of llii> m-phalotlioriix.
I.iirKi' Hpi'iicn; front of crpliiilotliorax cxiiHi'il In the in:il(i 1. /■'. mrekii.
Small Hpi'iiei,; fi out of .iplialollior.ix iijjiilaily convex in thn iniiln 'i, li. nbwoniita.
t't'plialic and llioiacii' poition of tht> ci'plialotliorax coiiiplrtoly liliinliil. AInloiiiiii narrow 111 in front .iiid lii^hiinl.
AlidoMi-'ii ilistiiKtly ovati' 3. A", delilit.
Front of alidonu'i! i|iiiiilriilo, asliro.i.l an in tin- niiddli" t. E. vinefncUi.
Alidoinen nearly {{lobular.
Lar;;iM «p«;i; .s; alicliiniMi niiialli'i than ( rphalothiira.\ ."i. /•'. rucanalii.
Snialli r xpecicH ; alid iini'n lar({i'r than <«'plialothora\ ♦>. £. emertoni.
M
it
AKAOUJJIUES— AKANKII)K-8— OUHITBLAUlJi.
83
1. Ei'KiuA mki;kii.
PI. 11, FigM. L' ( 9 ), 17 ( <J ).
(Jeplialotlionix of the iimle hirge, the thoracic portion uciirly circuhir, scarcely longer than broad, ;intl flistinctly separated from the cephuhc por- tion, which is subipuKh'ate, expanding anteriorly, the sides scarcely curved, at the extreme front parallel, the front deeply and angularly incised, the whole aljout half as large as the thoracic portion. Cephalothorax of female moderately large, compact, the thoracic portion as ui the male, but only a little largtM- than the scjuare thoracic portion, the latter being equally broad in front and behind, with scarcely convex sides and a slightly excised front, and sparsely furnished, especially along the front, with stiti' bristles resem- bling those of the palpi. The cephalothorax is marked by a rather broad, dark, median band and two fainter, dark, extreme lateral bands. Abdomen globular, scarcely longer than l)road, a little shorter (f) or a little jonger (?) than tile cephalotlioi-ax, the median pornon very broadly marked with brown, deepening toward the middle. Some of the eyes can be seen at the edge of the front in the female, showing simply that they are of the usual size and the two outer sc^parated by their own diameter. '^I^he palpi of the female are tolerably stout, stouter than tlie tarsi, as long as the cephalotho- rax, abruptly terminated, and furnished somewhat abundantly with bristles, considerably longer than the wi<lth of the palpi; those of the male have the apical portion large, hemispherical, and hair)-, convexity forward, together nearly as large as the cephalic portion of the cephalothoi-ax, and separated from that by a peduncle as hmg as it; from the inner edge of one jjrojects a gently subfusiform, slender, arcuate riblxm, as long as the width of the terminal joint and directed forward, with the convexity inward. The tibiic are armed above on either side witii a row of distant bristles, scarcely longer than the width of the tibia and farther apart than their length; in the female a few scattered bristles also occur on the femora, especially on the front pair. The fourth pair of legs is shorter than the second in the male, etpial to or scarcely longer than the second in die female; the thin! pair of legs is not perfectly preserved in either of the male specimens, but in the female is half th<? length of the first.
Length of body, f 7""", ,' S"""; of cephalotiiorax, ' 2.8""", 9 3.5"""; of abdomen, ,^ 4.2'""', i -4.5"""; width of .s... '>■, ,f 3""", ? 4.-J"'"' ; length of tirst
84
TKKTIAUY 1N«1<X!TH OK NOIM'll AMIOKMCA.
pnir of lofrs, .r lfi.5""", ? 14"""; tibiiv, ,r 5"'"', , 4"'"': tursi. ' 5""". , r).?;")™™; second pair of logs. / 15"'"',? 12.75'"'"; tibia-, .^ 3.2'.'""', ? 2.5"""; tarsi,/ H'"'", ? r).5"""; third pair oflof?s, ? 7"""; tibiii', ? 1.75"""; tarsi, ? 3"""; fourth pair ofh;{;.s, ' 12"""., 13"""; tibiji', r 3 5'"'", ? 3.5""" ; tarsi, ; 4.4""", , 5""" ; lon-rtli of palpi, ■ 1.75'""'. , 2.1'
This spec Cs is rciKhly distiiig'iiishL'd from tho others of the gemis here described l»y its coiisideraljly larj^or size. It is named after the hito .Mr. K. !>. Meek, nineli of wlntse paleontolo<xieal \v.)rk \\i\s d a'. in conjunction with |)r. Ilayden. It resembles in jj^eueral appearance as well as in size the less well preserved K. tWlschelii Hertkau from Hott on the Whine, but has proi)ortionally lon<.;'er l(><>s and esjxM'ially much lonji'er hind lej^s ; the disprojjurtion of size between the cephalofhorax and abdomen is also <,''reater.
Flori.ssant. Three s[>e(imens; two ', Nos. 11211, 8221, ono ?, No. 3204.
2. Kri;il{.\ .Mi.SCONDITA.
ri. 11. Fiji'. 7(,n.
Mdlf. — C'ephalothorax subrotund, the cepIiaMc |»ortion hemispherical, almost lilack. abunt half the sizf of the tlxiracic part and separated from it in fill" iiticrai outline b\ a distiiict incision; front broadly and regularlv rounded; thoracic portion with well rounded sides, the ini<l(lle half very much darker than the rest, foiiniuii a broad, median, dark brown band. Abdomen sulirotund. Ioulsit than broad, scarcely compressed, of i!"^ same size as the <i-|)l)alothorax, with faint indications of a broad median band, deepest in tint at the vxtreniities of the sejiinents. The eyes can luit be seen. The palpi are sessile, the terminal joint appearinfi- just beyoiul the front, larj^e mid i^lobose, perhaps a little broader |Histeriorlv than anteriorly. I'he lejis are stout. espe<iall\ the femora, not very Ion;:', the tibia' furnished with distant. \\idel\ di\ crg'eiit. delicate bristles, cousiderabK' longer than the width of the tibia, situated on either side. Thev are not coi..pleteIv pnv ser\ed, liut lia\c Iteen woiked out of the stone since the plate was eiij>-raved, so that the\ ;ire more perfect than wouhl there appear. The foiu'th pair, though not completeU pie.->er\ cd, is apparently longer than tiie second, as the basal joints aie longer.
[.ength of body, I.2.V : of cephalothoiax. 2"""; of ,ii)domen, 2.25 ';
widthof same, 1.8' : length oj' lirsi p.air of legs, 1 1.25 ; tiiiia', ."i : t.n-si.
4.i; ; second pair of legs, ;i, 75""": tibi.c, 2.5 ; tarsi, ;i.l""" ; third piiir of
AUACIINIDES— AUANKIDliS— OHHITKLAKl.i:.
85
hi^a (broken), 5.5""" ; fourtli jKiir of lejifs (l>rokeu), 8"'"' : of |)art previous to tiltifi, ;V2"""; (Uaim'for of piilpi, 0.45"'"'.
This species dirt'crs from K. ineekii in size, in the shape of the eephahi- thorax, the stouter femora, and more sparsely armed tibiie.
Florissant. One /, No. 758a.
a. EpEIRA DELITA. IM. 11, Fit;. 6(5?).
Oeplialotliorax rounded obovate, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended, the sides uniforndy rounded, the front very convex, witli no eyes that can be seen ; neither are the palpi preserved, the part (ignre«l between the front lej^s having- no relation to the spider ; it is judged to be a male from tlu; small size of the abdomen which is ovate, no larger than thecephalothorax, largest in front of the middle, but here slightly narrower thfin the cej)halothorax, tapering slightly behind, and well roinided at the extremity. The legs have very stout femora, those of the front pair taper- ing in the middle, and both femora and tibia- and even the basal part of the tarsi, but especially the tibia', armed with very long, very distant, delicate, divergent spinules considerably longer than, sometimes almo.st twice as long as, the width of the tibia- ; the basal joint of the tiliite tapers perceptildy. The second pair of legs is represented too long in the plate, though it is unusually long, not greatly falling behind the iirst i)air and exceeding the fourth in length nearly as nuich as that exceeds the third pair.
Length of body, 4,75"'"' ; of cephalothorax, 2.25"'"' ; width of same, 2™"'; length of abdomen. 2.,'")'""^ ; of first jiair of legs, 11.;")"""; tibia-, o.5"'"' ; tarsi, 5"""; .second ))au- of legs, il.8'"'" : tibia-, 3.25"""; tar.si, 4.2"""; third })air of legs, 7.5"'"' ; tibia-, 2'"'" : tarsi, 2.5'""' ; fourth i)air of leg.s, !•'"'" : tibia-, 2.2.5"'"'; tarsi, 3.75""".
This species agrees w(-ll with E. abscondita in size, but is readily dis- tinguished lioth from it and from. E. meekii in the uniform character of the cephalothorax and the relative length of the legs.
Florissant. One f. No. 13523.
4. Epeira cinefacta.
PI. 11, Viji. U>(i).
Male. — Cephalothorax globose, l)lackish, the dividing line between it and the abdomen concealed by the overhanging (piatlrate front of the
H(>
TKHTIARY INSKCns OK NOKTM AMKUIdA.
Jilt(l<»iiu'n, find the ceplmlic iind thoracii; portions completely blended ; possi- l)lv it is slijrhtly lonj^er tliim broad. The eyes eiin iu)t be innde out; the terniiii;il joint of the palpi (as preserved, sessile) is moderately liir^fe. <;lobidar or sli^lillv ovate, blaek, but none of the internal strnetnre can be made out. AlKJonien sulxpiadrate, taperin;; ver\ sli<>htly from in tVoni bjickwio-d. the front stnii^lit with well rounded lateral anjilcs, the posterior extremity well rouiideil, the whole nearly twice as lonj; as broad, the sides nesnly straij^ht. Lcji's (dosely resembling'' those of K. dcdita, the second p.iir lieiiifj^ unusually loiii,'-, but v'vcn inor«' tluiu in that species exceeding; proportionally the extent of tlie fourth pair : the fcmorii ai"c only moderatcdy sfoui, ,uid, like rhe tibia', tli(»njih.to a less extent, are furnished with dedicate spinules, less divergent but more abinidant than usual, exceediui; in leni^tli the width of the tibia-.
Leujfth of Itody, ,">""" ; width of cephidothoriix. I' ; lenii'th of abdomen,
•J.-jrr"": its width anteriorly. Lfio""": posti'ri.u-ly, l.-J"""; diimieter of last
j)alpal 'oint, 0.3.')"""; lenjrth of first pair of le;-'s, !i ; til)ia', •_'.!!"'"'; tarsi,
4"'"': s cond pair of leffs, 8"'"' : til)ia', -.M"'"' : tarsi, .'!,')""" : tliird pair of h'frs.
4.S.-)'""'; tiltia', l..'V""': tarsi. lM : fourth pjiir of lens. fi. '»"'"' : tibia', l*"'"' :
tarsi, 2.5"'"'.
This species diHers from all others of the <>'(Mms here described in the shape of tile al)doiuen. whicii is cjon^^'ate. and tiie sides of which are not rountled but >ul>p:o'allel. In the chai'acleristics of the le^i's, however, it re- seuddes flie precediuf"-. .\ sln;.de n\i]v. represeute I bv l)otli obxcrse and reverse, is lietter preserved than the ti«iure in tlie pliite would indiciite, as the form of the wliole alidomeii can lie seen ns wtdl as of the last palpal joint. The (i}4in'e morevei' indicate- the -.ii.ipe ut the IkmK altofictlier wrou^lv. as tilt; ceph:duth<>ra\ >h<iuld lie smaller and the abdomen slaadil taper con- siderabh liehind. as tlie mea>in'euieiits show.
Florissant. < >ue •. No. s.'iTC :ind s.sdii.
."l. Mil IK \ Vri < ANAI.IS.
Mull. — < "ephalotliMi;i\ neai'lv i^lubuiar, scarceK louiri'i' than liro.td, the cepiialic and thoracic pMrtimis cumpleteK lileiided. luit marked 1»\ a large semicircular deiiressioii .iiiterinrK, uccupviiiL; a little more tliaii the Iroiit. i. e.. encroachinji' iipiai the lateral mar;:in. and i>\' •\ darker bi'own than the thfinwic portion, I''iiiiit somewhat coii\ex, with insutlicient trace of eves < 'ludicf'res stout, as loiij;' as the cephalic portion of the corselet, t.'ipeiin^r, bluntl\ rounded at the tip. Last joint of palpi very large, nearly ns large
AKACIINIDKS— AHANKIDKS— ORHITI'ILAKM:.
S'i
HH the ceplmlif part of th« corselet, blackiHli, globular, its proximal ttiul as preserved lying just beyond the tip (•♦' the clieliceres, tlio stalk not pro- served. Abdomen llglitor colored than the cephalnthornx, smaller than it, Hubu^lobular, a little tlattened at base, with a pair of lUibdorsal series of black points in a slightly curving row, its convexity c itward ; the anal plate darker, circular, not half so large as the apical joint of palpi, (..egs long, of very une(iual length, the femur nuu'h stouter than the ta|)ering part < beyond, furnished rather abundantly witii diverging spiiu's noarl)- to the tip.
J.ength of body, .'5..')""" ; of cephahtMiorax, l.V""" ; of iil.donu'ii, 1."."""; of cephalic jtortion of cor.selet, 0.6"""; ot cheliceres, O.GT)""" ; breadth of ce})lialothorax, 1 fi""" ; of abdomen, 1. (>"""; diameter of palpal swelling, 0.G5"""; length of first i»air of legs, 7.25"'"' ; femora, 2""" ; til»ia', 2""" ; tarsi, 3.2.')"""; .second pair of legs, 6"'"'; femora, 1.4"""; tilla', 2"'"': tar.si, 2.6"""; third pair of legs, 2.!)"""; tarsi, 1.4'"'"; fourth pair < f legs, 4.7'"'": femora, 1.65"""; tibirts 1.25"'"'; tarsi, 1.8'"'".
This sj)ecies resembles E. emertoni in general aspect, but is much larger than it, and differs from it in several important points, such as the rotundity and especially tiie much greater size of the cephalothorax as compared with the abdomen, and the greater stoutne-ss of the femora.
Florissant. One <?, No. 5784.
6. Epkira kmertoni.
PI. 11, Viirs. 15(3), 1!»(9).
Male. — Cephalothorax dark brown, siibgl(>bose, a little longer than broad, the cephalic only distinguished from the thMiiicic portion by a slight bend in the curved outline; front well rounded with no sigu of eves; last joint of palpi blacki.sh, very large, ghdiulnr, mor<' than hall' ms liirge as the cejdialic portion of the cephalothorax, nearly twice iis liniad as the length of the basal joints, containing a falcate ribbon of shMiderand uniform width, nearly as long as the diameter of the jr»iiit, bent iif its distal edge, bluntly pointed at the tip, which is situated near the middle. Abdomen light brown, g](sbular, slightly larger than the ce|tlialothorax. I.egs moderately long, rather sparsely haired, the femora tolerably stout and furnislMd witli dis- tant, slender, divergent spinules, hard'y so long itn Hie width of the joint, and which also a})pear in one or two places only on the tibia-.
Female. — Cephalothorax bhck, globular, with no sign of distiticfion between tiie cephalic and thoracic portions ; neither eye« nor palpi are pre-
88
TKUTIAia INSKCTS Ol" NOKTII A.MKKICA.
U'i
scivctl. AImIoiiicii iliirk linnvii, rspt riiilly in ii very liioiid niciliini hiitid oc('U|tviii<,'' fully liiiHtlH' widtli ol'ilic dorsiil iispi-ct, slu)rt ovjiic, iiciirly Imlt' its Itroiiil a^j'iiiii IIS the fi-plialntliortix, tiiiil only jilioiit oiic-tliiril iis lon;^' ii<;;!iin at ln'oad. I.('<:s )i|»|iiii»'ntly fJitluT short (tlu'V iin- not well picscrvt'd anil mostly ln'nt iu'iu-atli tlu'liody), sparsi'ly liain'd. with slijiht tracr oi" spinulcs.
Lt'Tif-th ot'l> .dy. ■•_'.-.»5 , ,3.7'.""": of n-phalothorax, M""", 1.35""";
width oi>nm', •».! 1.;'.'""'; Ii'ii-rth of liidoincn, ' 1.25"'"'. , •_>.4'""'; width
of sanio, ' 1'"'". I.s ; dianii'tiT of last palpal joint, ' 0.;{5'""' ; h-Uffth of
first pair of h'}.'s, ' J. (;."»""". , 3. -J')'"'" '.plus tarsi); til.ia-. ' 1.5""", , I""":
tarsi. ' I.T.V'"": of si'cond pair of h'i;.s, ' 4.-_' ', , 2 (i'"'" (plus tarsi); tihia'.
' 1,3"'"', , 0.8"""; tarsi. ' 1.7."i'"'"; of tliird pairoflc^rs. ^ ■_>""" ; of fourth pair of U'frs, ' ;!.•_':.'"'".
It is possililr of toiirst' that this ' and ; do not liclonj.^ to;;i-tlii'r, in wliich casi' tlir niali^ as tin- most perfectly prescrvi'd should be considered the type 'f the species. It is smaller than any other of the species nlerred here fo Kp ira, exceptinj,' perhaps the one to wliich no name is o;iven, and it differs from all in the ;;lol)ular or nearly <^lol»ular form of the cephalo- thora.\ as well as in other characteristics, as will appe;ir on coinparin"^- the desrriptions. The species is named for Mr. .1. II. Kinerton, whose papers on North Ameriran .\rachnida' have l)een tif nnich assistance to the writer.
Florissant. One ', one ,, No.s. H77V, 5117.
A sinirle specimen, ajjjiarently a female, which is also provisionally referred to this species, is consideralily smaller than thoother female and has more deiisidy hairy lejis (almost the only parts preserved), the len;j;ths of which are as tollows: first pair, .'l 5"'"' : second pair, .'i.:.'5""" ; third pair, 1.7' : fourth jiair. ;'..•_'.')""".
Klori.ssant. (hie . No. 10!H)H.
Ml'KIliA sp. .
IM. II, Ki^'. I.
A siiiffle specimen, fi;i:ured in IM. II, Fij^-. 1, is tlie only representative of a species apparently of Kj)eira, certainly distinct from the others, hut too poorlv jtreserved to indicate more. The outlines of the hodv are almost altn;i('tli,''r (dditerated, and it can onlv l»e said that it is one of the smallest speciert, liein;^ lar;;er only than the smallest specimen referred to E. emer- toni, hut (dearly distinct from that in the much "greater .stoutness of the femora, whiidi are indeed unusually robust, and the length of the third pair
AKAJMINlMKS—AKANKlDKrt— OHlllTKI-AUI.K.
85)
of logH, which uj>|MMir iicurly to t'nual tho fourth. It, is ini|)owHil»h' to miy to wliiU Hi'x it lK'lonj{H.
Lcufrtli of lii-Ml piiir of k'jfs, 5.r)""" ; of third pair, 7"""; til)ia.
tar«i,
2h""" ; of fcmoni and tiltia (»i fourth pair, \
h-ntrtii of its tibia, •-*"
I'l
onssa
lit. No. O-JSo.
KpKIRA S]).
widtli of its teiuora.
0.7"
Several spocimtMis roprcseut 1o},^h of tlio .sanio or allied spoiMos of spidor of about tho Hi/,(; of Rpoira riparia Ileiitz; tho foinora and tibijo and tiio .si(le.s of tlio tarsi aro abiinihnitlv supplied with loMi>'itudiua] rows of fine, lonjr, (thick sjiiuos, tlio rhuv double, .\notlier ))ro.>i'rves the Kpuies alone
of tl
le sanii; soi
t ofl
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i.curjth of t.-mora, 7'""' ; of tibire, 7.75""" ; of tarsi, .'..J.V'"" ; of ehiw,
0.3"""; of spiiK-.s, O.To"
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4\ :\Cu 41911, 42(»0.
Epeira sp.
Still another, from the same locality m the last, .shows the hairy, sub- fusiform, ovate body of n spider apparently a little sniallor than the above. Lenj,4h of abdomen, 4.5'""'; breadth of saiur. 1.8'""'. (fifon River, Wyomiiij/. No. 6.i.
Nki'HILA Leach.
This intereatintr tropical genus has never before been found fossil, and altliou<r|i the species here described diil'ers coiisidciably from any with which I have been able to conipaie it, it is iiitorestiM<4' to see some special points of comparison with a common species of our Southern States, as will be noticed further on. Its presence at Florissant decidedly indicates a warmer climate than the present, thouoh not necessarily one mnch wanner
NkPHII-A I'ENNATll'ES.
ri. 11, Fig. lii.
yr))hUa pennalipit Soiutder. Zittel, Haiidb. d. Palicoiit., I, ii. 744. Fig. 026 (18H5).
Cephalic portion of corselet s(piare, with rounded angles, the front margin slightly excised in the middle : two eyes oidv can be made out, situated posterior to the front margin by nearly their own dianiet(>r, of moderate size, less than one-fourth the width of the terminal joint of the palpns, and placed rather nearer the middle line than the outer edge of tho body. Palpi stout, not very long, bluntly rounded at tip and extendiii;>; in
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TKltTIAKY 1NSK(5TS OF NOKTH AMKRIOA.
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front of the body by a little more than half the width of the front of the corselet. (These organs are incorrectly given in the plate, which was drawn before the specimen had been properly pre})ared.)
The first pair of legs aj-e the longest, the third the shortest, and the second and fourth of e(iual length, moderately slender, the first and fonrth, and to a less degree the second, famished at the extremity of the tibia' with a brush of coarse divergent hairs, giving this portion of the leg tlie appear- ance of being about half as broad again as it should be ; all the joints of the legs can not be made out, but, to judge by analogy, the brush would appear to occupy about half (the distal half) of the tibia ; there appears to be no such brush on the third j)air of legs, nor any marked increase of hairi- ness or stoutness of the hairs at the tijjs of tlie femora. The legs have also been worked out of the stone since the plate was drawn, so that they are nearly complete, with the exception of the appendages. With this omis- sion the tarsi compose scarcely less than two-fifths of tlie whole leg.
The thoracic portion of the cephalothorax is subglobular, a little broader than the corselet and just equaling tlie width of the abdomen at its greatest af the end of tiie basal third ; the abdomen is oblong ovsite, about two and a half times longer than broad, with well rounded apex.
Length of l)ody, U"""; of abdomen, 8.5"""; width, ^.7"'"; length of palpi l>oyond the front of hndy, 2"""; length of first pair of legs, 26""™; first tarsal joint, 8.25"'"': second joint, 2.25""'; of hair-tuft, 3.5-;i.75"""; second pair of legs, 2.H""": first tarsal joint, 7,25"'"'; second joint, 2.25'""; of hair- tuft, 2.5'""'; third pair of legs, l.-io'""; first tarsal joint, 4.5™"'; second joint, 1.5"'"': fourth pair of legs, 2.'?'""': first tarsal joint, 7'"'": seccmd joint. 2'""'; of hair-tuft. 4..5"'"'; diameter of eves, (►.12'""'.
The general res(;mblanco .»f this spider to Nephila plumipes Koch of our southern Atlantic seu-boaid, familiar to us bv the researches of Wilder, will strike every American naturalist at a glance. It is, however, a much smaller species, if the fossil be fully grown, and difi*ers from it in some striking points, very probal)ly of generic importance. The eyes differ con siderably. although the p«»sition of oily two of those of the fossil species is known; the cor.selet is scpuinn- in t'le fossil, and per contra the abdomen is oval and not quadrate; while the tarsi are unusually long in i)roportion to the whole leg; the tufts of hairs occur otdy on the extremity of the tibise. Nephila is essentially a tropical genus.
Florissant One ? , No. 11651.
NEUKOFTKHA.
91
Using this tern in its large sense, as. for convenience, we have done here, there is no group oi" fossil insects more interesting. In no other, unless it be the cockroaches among Orthoptera, do we find a considerable representation in all the rocks wJiicli have yielded fossil remains Still the time has, perhaps, not yet come for a careful historical survey of the group, since we are annually receiving large additions to our knowledge of the extinct types, and a considerable number of those known have been insuffi- ciently studied. Such a study, too, belongs essentially to the student of the older types, and would be less appropriate here, for it mp.y certainly be stated with confidence that the types of existing Neuroptera were thor- oughly established at the beginning of the Tertiaries. With a single excep- tion, Ballostoma, no large group existed then and has since expired, nor is there a single existing type of any prominence wliich has not been found in the Tertiaries, unless we look upon the aberrant and until lately hardly known Scolopendrella as belongirig here. Yat a large proportion of the genera of Tertiary Neuroptera are extinct ; that is, differentiation has gone on with the lapse f>f time, until the original characteristic features of an early group have been lost and new ones taken their place, and no species referred to in the following j)rtges exists at ,he present timo. The differ- ences between the Tertiary and existinjr forms are never verv ijreat, usually rather small, but they are constant and everywhere found.
The number of known Tertiary Nerroptei " is considerable. For the sake of graphic comparison T have presenter' ...o fjicts as far as possible in the following table, where, in the European columns, the numbers at the right are tlie real total, the otiiers representing those known from the rocks alone (excluding the amber) for the sak(^ of comparing more fairly the yield of the fiUropean and American rock.s. Tlie numl)ers on the American side rejjresent with a single exception (Phryganea hy)ierl)orea from (li'eenland) the result of my own studies only, and therefore the ntunei'ical estimate is presumably more correct than in the European; in the latter I have endeavored to give a fair statement of the numbers, including a con.sidera- ble proportion of mere indications, the value of which h.ad to be weighed, sometimes in a somewhat summary manner.
92
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOItT'I AMERICA.
Tabular ttatemeni of the known tperien of Ttrliari) yeuropUra.
BulloHtoma
LepiHiiiiitidiR (Cinara) .. Poduridif (CoUeiubola) .
Tbysanura
Teruiitina
Embiilina
Psocina
Perliua
Epbeuierioa
Agrionidip
Calopterygidie
A);riouina
(ioDiphidie
^81'bniiliL'
.Eschnina
Cordalidif
Libelliilidiii
Libellalina
Odoiittta
Sialidic
Kupbidiiiltv
Siulina
Hemcrobidi(i
ChryHopidm
Hemerobina
A JCiilapbina
Myrmeleontina
CuuiopteiyKidii-
Paiiorpidu!
Planipennia
Hydroptilidn-
Rbyacopbilidii-
Hydro psyohidic
Leptocer.da;
Spricostt iiida*
himDopbi:'dii'
Phryganidip
Tricboptera
lotal
Kiin)|H)uii.
Aiiicri-
'•""• Kxtl. 1ml. amber. ] amber.
AtiuTi- t'liii.
|
8 |
9 |
|
0 |
1 |
|
8 |
lO |
|
0 |
3 |
|
2 |
4 |
|
9 |
* |
|
(» |
!i |
|
1 |
15 |
|
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12
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28 16
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40 174
nrand total. 237.
* Thla nnmlier !■ largely made op of larra'. which may be the ume a* Rome of the ImaKoa. t locliiiliiiE Urral raset.
NEUKOPTRRA.
93
This table brings to light some curious discordances when the species from the American and European rocks are compared. This indeed is marked in every instance where the numbers are considerable on either side, •excepting in the Termitina, where we have six American to ten tjuropean species. Europe shows a decided .superiority in the Odonata, where thirty- four species are offset by only eleven species in America ; and it is not a little curious (though not unexpected, considering the nature of the deposit) that it is here only that the amber fauna adds scarcely at all to the B^uropean preponderance. The American Thysanura find no counterpart in the European rocks, though the amber fauna counts no less than twenty- eight species, while the American representatives of the Ephemerina (six species), the Planipennia (twelve species), and the Trichoptera (twenty-five species) far outweigh the European examples, Ephemerina (one species), Planipennia (six .species), Trichoptera (seven species). This American preponderance is in every instance counterbalanced when the total Tertiary yield of Europe is brought to view, the Ephemerina showing seven species, the Planipennia nineteen species, and the Trichoptera forty sjiecies.
If the smaller groups are considered, there are some closer correspond- ences, as when we find eight species of American Agrionina to ten in the Euro- pean rocks, two American to one European Henierobidaj and Panorpid*, two American to two European Limnophilidaj, and four American to five Euro- pean Phryganidje. The discrepancies, however, are not less marked, for we find of groups unrepresented in European rocks four species each of Raphiaiidiv and Chrysopida", seventeen of Hydropsychidaj, and two of Leptooeridte in American strata, which in the first two instances are hardly or not at all represented in amber. On the other hand, the European rocks show species of Calopterygidtc (one), Goniphidtw (three), Cordulidae (two), Sialidtxi (one), Ascalaphina (two), and Myrmeleontidse (one), where the American rocks are wholly destitute. On the whole, the European rocks, as compared with the American, are rich in Odonata and j)Oor in Ephemerina, Planipennia, and Trichoptera. Wiiile, if the entire Tertiary yield of Europe is considered, America nowhere shows a considerable pre- ponderance of forms excepting in tho small j)lanipennian groups of Raphi- diidiv and Cln y«opida', while Europe has a very striking preponderance in Thysanura, Psocina, Perlijia, j^Eschnina, Libellulina, and Hemerobidic, having in none of these cases less than four times as many species as America. (February, 1884.)
94
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
'K
Order THY8ANTJRA LatreiUe.
All we have hitherto known of fossil 'rhvsanura has been derived from inclusions in amber/ of which about eighteen species of six or seven genera of Lepisniatidiv and ten species of four genera of Poduridse are known ; among them are some very remarkable forms. Florissant has yielded two species of this gn>up, the first that have been found in rock deposits, and one of them in considerable numbers, representing a species of exceptional interest.
Suborder BALLOSTOMA Scudder.
For characters see under the single species, at the end. PLAN0CEFHALU8 Scudder.
PlANOCEPHALUS ASELL01DE8.
(See tlgurus in text below.)
Plaiioeephaliia imelloidet Scndd., Mem. Nut. Acail. Sciences, III, KVOO FigH. (I8H5); in Zittel, Handb. Pnlu^ont., I, ii, 77^, Fig. 97'2 (lH6i>)) Bertk., SitzungHb. niuderrh. (ieselUcli. Xatnr. u. Heilk.,
IH-if), 1298 (lB8o).
Among the remains of animals in my hands found in the ancient lake basin of Florissant are about forty specimens of an onisciform arthropod, about a centimeter in length, whose affinities h.ive provett very perplexing. This does not result from poorness of preservation, for an>nng the numerous specimens apparently all the prominent external features are found com- ])letely jjreserved, and even the course of some of the internal organs may occasionally be traced ; but it presents such anomalies of structure that we are at a loss where to look for its nearest kin.
It appears to be an aquatic animal. Its body consists of three large subequal thoracic joints, and an abdomen about half as large again as any one of them, with occasional indications of a feeble division into four seg- ments. These are the only jointed divisions that can be found in the body, there being no distinct head. The thoracic segments are so considered because each bears a j)aiv of legs, which occur nowhere else. Their dorsal plates are large, flat longitudinally, and arched transversely, smooth, and deeply and narrowly notched in the middle of the front margin. The first plate, in which the median notch is more conspicuous and open than in the
' Siiion tbiN was written Bmngniart liati il«Bcril>ed a species from the Carboniferous deposits of ( 'iinniientr;;, France.
NEUBOPTBBA— THY8AN URA — B ALL08T0M A.
95
others, albo narrows and becomes more arched in front, so us to form a sort of hood. The legs are very broad and compressed, usid adapted to swim- ming, which was apparently their use, as there would be no need of such comi)ression to crawl into chinks when the body is so much arched. They consist of a femur, tibia, and two tarsal joints, termiiuitod by a single curved claw. The femur is very large, subovate, inserted (presumably by a coxa) in large cavities, those of opposite sides separated by their own width, and situated a little behind the middle of each segment. The tibia is also verv large and subovate, but more elongated and squarer at the ends, being about twice as long as broad, and fringed on the anterior edge by a row of delicate hairs as long as the width of the joint. Of the two tarsal joints, the
FlK.8.
Fig. 1, dnnat view j Tig. 2, lateral v1«w: Flj. 3. trannvcriiu sectional viow of Pluuo oephaliiH axelloiilea from the OliKuoeneof Flori»iinnt. Colorado, restored, and maKnifled about six diameters.
r-K. I.
basal is a little the larger, being both longer and stouter. Eaah is armed at the tip internally with a tolerably stout spine of moderate length, and together they are a little longer than the tibia, much slenderer, and quad- rate in form. The terminal claw is about half as long as the terminal joint. The hind legs are somewhat stouter and the middle pair a little shorter than the others ; but otherwise they closely resemble each other.
The different segments of the thorax, as stated, are protected above by the development of distinct chitinous plates, the lower edges of which are clearly marked, and extend downward to the concealment, on a side view, of the lower part of the body. The abdomen, however, seems tcf have no such specialization of the integument of the upper surface. It Is stout, apparently well rounded transversely, and tapers to a produced but blunt tip, which is armed with a pair of slightly recurved stout claws, two or
( 9i
96
TRKTIAUY IN8K(!TS OF NORTH AMERICA.
tlu'ee times u« loiiff us tho lej>-r-law», urranged as if to (Iraj; tlm hoily back- ward. The abdomen is faintly divided into four segments, often entirely obscured. Of these the terminal usually appears shorter than. the others, which are subequal.
These divisions of the body are all that appear to have belonged to the animal; and it is the most remarkable fact in its organization that it cer- tainly had no distinct chitinous head. This is tho more surprising from the clearness with whici; tho thoracic segments are marked. All that one can find preserved is what appears to bo a ring of buccal plates terminating anteriorly the alimentary caiud, and which was evidently capable of being thrust forward a long distance beyond the body. If it were not for the unusual preservation of the alii.ientary canal we should be forced to con- sider tho head as lost from all the specimens, notwithstanding the nearly |»erfect preservation of tho other parts ; but in several specimens tho ali- mentary tul)o can be traced with ease half th.ough the body, terminating in front in these more or less clearly ))re8erved chitinous plates, arranged to form 51 circle a little smaller than tho coxal cavities. What is most remark- able is tlij e.xtension of this alimentary tube and accompanying buccal plates like a proboscis far beyond the limits of the body; sometimes forward (apparently through the anterior not(;h) to a dit-tance in front of the first segment equal to half the length of the latter; more often directed down- ward as well as outward, perhaps between the front legs, and occasionally e.xtending beyond the body to nearly or quite fhr rntire hitf/tli of the same. It seems to leave its din ct course within the body at about the middle of the fir.st thoracic segment, directly in front of which position the buccal }ilates appear in oko or two specimens, apparently in the position ofrepo.se. The vjirious positions in which these buccal plates are foinid outside the body, both when their connection with the tube is traceable and when it is obscure or fails, shows how perfectly movable » proboscis the creature pos- sessed. The external parts of the head, then, may be said to have been probably conqtosed entirely «)f a flexible, extensilde nu>mbrane capable of protrusion as a fleshy proboscis, si-parated by no line t>f demarkation from the first thoracic seginent, and bi-aring as appendages only a series of buccal plates for mouth-parts, and beyond this nothing — neither cranium, eyes, antennse, nor palpi. In the absence of eyes, one would natnralh look for the devei<q)nient of tactile organs of .soin<; sort; but nothing of the kind is
NEUKOPTEUA— THY8ANUEA— BALL08TOMA.
97
discoverable on tlio most careful special search, unless such an office may be performed by long delicate liairH which seem, in some few instances, to be scattered distantly over the projected mouth-tube.
A special study of the buccal plates in the twenty-four or twenty-five specimens which best show them gives no very satisfactory explanation of their form and relations. They have been said to form a ring, because in a considerable number they are so an-anged ; but it may be doubted whether this appearance is not due tc the flaking of the chitinous parts. Like the lips of the notches of the thoracic segments, the buccal apparatus was evi- dently more dense and thicker than other tegumentary parts, for these are d'M'ker colored than the other parts and often carbonaceous. In this con- dition the central portions seem liable to flake away and leave the thinner edges with ragged fragments of the carbonaceous inner portions attached, thus frequently foruiing a sort of irregular ring of dark chitine. On the other hand, it is just as connnon for fragments to become chipped out from tiie edges, or for rounded bits to fall out here and there, producing thereb/ an almost endless variety of present appearances. Among these it is diffi- cult to trace the clew to the original arrangement and form of the plates. One might anticipate that these would have occurred around the central orifice of a proboscis ; and if anything of this sort was present it would appoar the most probable (though extremely doubtful) that there were four subtriangular plates of pretty large size, the lateral the larger, nearly meet- ing by their tips at the center. From specimens, however, which are least broken, it would seem quite as prol)able tiiat the apparatus consisted of two attingent or overlaj)ping circular plates, placed transversely, densest cen- trally, which by their consolidation form an oval rounded mass. How such a pair of plates, or compound plates, could have subserved any pur- po:se in tlie procuring of food I can not understand, but that such is their not unfrequent appearance, especially when seen through and protected by the thoracic shield of the first segment, is nevertheless the fact. It is to be hoped that other specimens may set this matter at rest. Those at hand allow no more definite statement than has been made. About three-fourths of the specimens of this species show the buccal plates more or less distinctly. In all but three they lie outside the body, usually at a distance from it of about half the length of the first thoracic segment. In a fourth specimen they lie half protruding at the front edge of the body. \.1L \iii 7
98
TEKTIARY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMEUIOA.
These buccal pliitoH, na already statod, are tlio only hard partH of the lioad, and tiio only appendaj^ott. Indeed, tlie only claim tliiH portion of the body liaH to bo called the head at all is that it is certainly the anterior ex- tremity of the dii^estive canal. On account of this peculiarity of the orfrani- zation of the liead, the creature, which is certainly widely different from anvtiiin<r known, may be called I'lanocephalus (TrXayaioiy, KegtaXt^), and on account of its onisciform body, I'lanocephalus aselloides.
The first impression the sij^ht of this straiifj^e headless crreature conveys is that of an isopod crusfjicean. But the limited nund)er of le^s at once |)uts its referencf to the Crustacea out of (piestion, since no abdominal le<jfs at nil are present. Kveii in the parasitic (Crustacea, when* sonu« of the lejfs are aborted, the same is the case with the segments themselves and with the joints of the legs whicii remain. The clear distinction which obtains between the thoracic and abdominal regions, and the limitation of the j«>inted legs to a single pair on eacli thoracic segment seems to lead one strongly to the conviction that tiiese important elements of its con.struction place it among insects. The structure of the legs and the snuill tapering ab(h>men furnished with small anal !i|)pendages tend to the same coiu-lusion.
Where among insects it should be placed is more (piestionable. Think- ing it possibly a larval form, carefid search has been made among all the groups into whicli it could by any possibility be presumed to fall, viz, among the Neuroptera and Coleoptera, but nothing in the slightest degree seeming to l)e related to it could be found, and its conspicuous size reiulered it the less probable that a kindred forni would l)e overlooked On account, how- ever, of its apterous character, and the disc(»v(!ry in recent years of certain curious types of animals (all of them, however, very minute), whose affini- ties have provoked more than usual discussion, my attention was early drawn toward certain resemblances wiiich IManocephalus bears to the I'au- ropida among Myriapotls and to tlu* Thysanura, and here, if anywhere, its affinities .seem likely to be found.
Its passing resemblance to the ol)tected forms of Pauropoda which Kyder has published under the name of Enrypauropodida' is certainly very considerable, especially when it is remembered that the young of I'auropoda bear oidy three pairs of legs. The position of the more mobile part of the head (»f Knrypauropus beneath the cephalic shield is the same that the head of Planocephalus bears to the first thoracic shield ; and the mouth parts iu
I ■ ^! il
NEUUOPTKRA— THY8ANDRA— BALLOSTOMA.
99
both are confined to »i Honiowhat Hunilar circular area ; there are no eyes in either, and the logs terniinato in u Hinj^'le cnrved claw.
On the other hand, not only are antonnic of a highly organised character developed in Panropoda, hut the upper portion of the head carrieH a cephalic shield H» large and conspiciiouH as the others ; two pairs of logs are de- veloped in the adult on every or nearly every segment of the body, and always on the abdominal to the same extent as on the thoracic segments, no abdomen being distinct from a thorax as in IManocophalus, but all the joints of the body entirely similar; the legs of the Pauropoda are formed on the myriapodal type, consisting of cylindrical undift'erontiated joints, while those of Planocephalus are hexapodal in character, having a clearly defined femur and tibia, and a two-jointed tarsus conspicuously smaller and shorter than the preceding joints, of different form and apically spined.
The closer, therefore, we compare these two types the less important seem the points of resemblance and the more important the points of diverg- ence between them ; for in the clear distinction of the thorax and abdomen, the absence of abdominal legs, and the structure of the legs themselves — fundamental features of its organization — Planocephalus clearly belongs to the true hexapod type of insects.
Its probable reference to the Thysanura may be defended on both negative and positive grounds. There is no other group of hexapods to which it could be considered as more likely to belong, and there are some special thysanuran features in its structure, anomalous as it is. Since Packard has shown the reasonableness of placing the Symphyla (=:Scolo- peadrella) of Ryder in the Thysanura, with the Collembola and Cinura as coordinate groups, the range of the Thysanura has been extended, and as a group of equivalent taxonomic value to the larg(M' divisions of winged insects it has seemed itself to gain a better ratio vivendi. It is not necessary, therefore, in considering the relations of Planocephalus to Thy.sanura as a whole, to limit ourselves to points of comparison which it may have to one or another of its subordinate groups, but consider any points of resemblance we may find to any of these groups indifferently. The thoracic segments remind us not a little of some Cinura, while the abdomen as a whole recalls many of the Collembola, its approximated pair of specialized anal append- ages being also like the variously developed organs of all Thysanura, and unlike anything we can recall in any myriapod. The legs, in the develop-
100
TEBTIAUY IN8KCT8 UF NOltTU AMEUIUA.
i'
munt uf tii» basnl joiiitH and in tlio Hiimllor double-jointed tnrHUH, are clottely related to tliuHe of >>onie Cinura — huilt indeed upon the Hanie general pattern, excepting that in IManorephaluH they are Hpeeially developed for Hwinnning. In the claw of our i'itm] geniiH we have Honiething decidedly thyHanuriforni. We have heretofore Hpoken of the tw«) tarHal jointn an each armed api(;ally with an interior Hpine, hut that of the Hnal joint ariHeH from the haHe of the curving claw, and taktm on more or leHH \t» direction, though only half att long a8 it, cauHing it to rerteml>le very closely the HUialler digit of the claw of both CoUembola and Cinuia, which in always inferior to the larger, and not infretpiently, as in liCpidocyrtUH, etc., straight instead of curved
Of course, the rudimentary character of the head and the entire <)l)liter- atiou of the cephalic |)lates render our fossil very distinct from any known type of Thysanura. Hut these features separate it (piite as widely fnun any other group that may be suggested for it, and, taking into account the con- siderable devehipment of the thoracic portions, we must look upon I'lano- cephalus as in some sense a lowly form, descended from a type in whirli the head was developed at least to some extent, and this renders it more probable that we have liere found its |)roper place. Moreover when we ex- amine the mouth-parts of I'odura, we find them partially withdrawn within the head, reduced in external presentiition to a small circle at the end of a conical protrusion «)f the under siUe of the head. Take away the cephalic plates, withdruw^he mouth-parts to the same protection of the first thoracic segment which they now enjoy under the cephalic dome, imagiiu; fur- ther that the mouth-parts coidd bo protruded to their original [x^sition when covered by a cephalic shield, and we have about the same condition of things we find in Planocephalus ; indeed the extensibility of the mouth- parts beyond the thoracic shield seems quite what one might expect after the loss of the hard parts of the head ; and the mouth-parts of Planocepha- lus l)ear nnu-h the same relative position to the first thoracic shield which those of Podura bear to the cephalic shield.
Assun)iiig, then, that Planocephalus is a true hexapod, its general rela- tions are cerfainly with the Thysanura rather than with any other grouj) ; while the character of the legs, the half developed double claw, sind the anal appendages specialized to peculiar use are characters which are posi- tively thysanuran. Add to this that we find in Podura something in a remote degree analogous to the extraordinary mouth-parts of Planocephalus,
' fi
NKUROrrKBA— TllYHANUItA— HALIiOSTOMA.
101
whh^h we Hhniild in vain Hoek elnowlioro, iind tho prolmbility thnt wo find huro itH noiiroHt, nilioH iH rundonid very Htronff, iind tlie nioro mo from tlio divornity of form and typo in tluH grcmp Hun-ii the addition to it of .S(u»lo- pendrella. The diHcovory of ii collophoru or Homething honiologouH to it would, wo conceive, ho dociHivo on tho point ; but tho Intenvl proHorviition of nearly all tho HpocimotiH of thitt foHHil, and the obRcurity of tho bane of the abdomen in nearly all, not oidy forbid itH determination in thone yet found, but render it doubtful if it will over be discovered.
Tlio position of this group among the Thysanura nuiHtbe an independ- ent one botwoeii the Cinura and tho Symphyla and of an ecpiivalont value to them. For such a group the name of Ballostoma is proposed, in reference to the remarkable power possessed of thrusting forward the gullet and mouth- parts. It would be characterized by the peculiarity named, by the lack of any chitinous frame-work of the head, the equal development of three thoracic segments developed dorsally as shields, and all separated from a cylindrical abdomen, which is armed at tip with a pair of hooks for crawl- ing; legs largely developed and with expanded and flattened femora and tibirc, the tarsi two-jointed. The principal points toward which attention should bo directed for the more perfect elucidation of its structure are the buccal plates and a possible collophore.
Bertkau compares Planocephalus with an insect from the brown coal of Rott, Rhenish Prussia, described by Heyden as a mite under the name Limnochares antiquus. This Bertkau regards as a larval Cl^algulid, one of the Hemiptera, and he believes Planocephalus something similar ; but he does not seem to me to justify this latter view, and the abundance of Pla- nocephalus with tho absence of mature Galgulidjc at Florissant seem an obstacle not easily thrown aside.
Ordinary length when extended, 7-8'"" : breadth, 2.5-3""" ; diameter, of mouth-parts, 0.5"'"'.
Florissant. Sixty-six specimens, of which the best are Nos. 302, 574, 3508, 5229, 6933, 7907, 9782, 9896, 10551, 12807.
m^mmmmm
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■!■■!
•V,
r
102 TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Suborder CINURA Packard.
Family LEPISMATID^^ Burmeister.
This group has lieretofore been found fossil only in amber, where eighteen species of six or seven genera are known ; but a single species has been found in the shales of Florissant, Colorado.
LEPISMA Linnd
The species provisionally placed here seems to differ decidedly from known types in the structural characters of the legs, but tlie single speci- men preserved being very imperfect, it is not at present generically distin- guished. In the equality of the caudal setie it is nearest Lepisma, but the legs are very diffei'ont. The femora resemble closely the broad coxje of some species of Lepisma, and would hnve been taken as coxae but for the slender, elongated joint which follows ; one of the legs, too, more perfectly preserved tluin the others, shows the short tarsus following the tibiic, and leaves no room for doubt that the broadly expanded ovate disks on either side of the body represent the femora, to which succeed a slender, rod-like tibia of equal length and of uniform slenderness. The abdomen consists of ten joints, tapering very gently, but at the extremity n)ore rapidly.
Two amber species were referred to this genus by Koch and lierendt, one of which wiis tl'ought to be almost identical with Lepisma saccharina, but Menge pointed out that, notwithstanding the resemblance between the two. they differ at almost every point. Tiie group is cosmopolitan.
Lepisma pla rvMERA.
PI. 12, Fit;. 18-
A single specimen in which the head, if preserved, is separated from the body, and tlie grontcr part of the thorax is lost, but the whole of the abdomen with the caudal seta', some of the lateral bristles, and most of the legs are fairly preserved ; the latter do not appear in the figure. The abdomen is slender and ordy slightly tapering, excepting on the last three segment^^, which narrow more rapidly, so that the tip of the a1)domen is about half as broad as its base. The legs are very remarkable for the size and great expansion of the femora and the contrast»ul linear tibiae ; the
NBUUOPTERA— TERM ITINA.
103
ieinora are ovate flattened disks, distally aubacuniinate, more than twice as long as broad, as long as (fore and middle femora), or even longer than (hind femora), the width of the base of the abdomen ; the tibia' ai-e as long as the ff'mora and scarcely stouter than the caud.i": setiv, while the tjirsi are scarcely if any slenderer than the tibiae and less than half their length ; a few lateral bristles nearly as long as the width of the abdomen can be seen, indicating that one such projected from either side of each abdominal seg- ment, that borne by the last segment being somewhat longer than the others. The caudal seta; are of nearly equal length, the central slightly longer than the Literal wh.ich divaricate gently, and are nearly if not quite as long as the body. Nothing can be made of the detached head extremity more than its slenderness, it being about half the width of the base of the abdomen Probably the body was fusiform in outline, slender, tapering from the middle of the thorax more rapidly forward than backward. The last abdominal segment is somewhat abruptly truncate.
Length of abdomen, 5.5"""' ; breadth at base, 2""" ; at tip, 0.8""° ; proba- ble length of fore and middle femora, 2°"" ; their breadth, 0.8""" ; probable length of hind femora, 3"""; their breadth, O.t)"'"'; length of tibia', l.TS"'""; of tarsi, O.TS'"" (perhaps incomplete) ; length of outer caudal setae, 8""" ; of middle caudal seta, 8.5'""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1693.
Family TERMITINA Stephens.
It has generally been supposed that the white ants were present and tolerably well represented in paleozoic rocks, but most of the species which have been referred to this family have been shown by recent researches to belong to the Protoi)hasniida, and the others to various neuropteroid Pala^- odi(!tyoptera. At least half a dozen species are known from the mesozoic rooks, however, most of tiiem coming from the Lias of England, Germany, and Switzerland, the mo.st c(tinmon type being the extinct genus Clathro- termes Heer, peculiar for its numerous, transverse, gently oblique cross- veins in the costal Held and for the diuk, quadrate spots which usually ac- company these and other cros.s-veins. If we are to follow K. Geinitz, the species must have been exceedingly variiible. Two white ants also occur in the oolite of Bavaria, which llagen refers to Termes proper. (1885.)
104
TKIITIARY INSEOTS OF NORTH AMKRI(!A.
! ;
m
The family of Terniitina is represented in the Tertiarios of Europe by twenty-nine nominal species. Haj^en, liowever, asserts that several of those purporting to come from amber are in reality copal species, and this, with synonyms and species merely nominal, reduces the actual number to sev- enteen. It is doubtful if one of these, T. peccana* Massal, is a Termes at all, and if it is, its position can not be further defined The number may therefore be considered sixteen; besides this, a species has been indicated without name from the English Tertiaries.
Of these sixteen, six come from amber, belonging to three genera (Calotermes two species, Termopsis three, and Termes one); six from Radoboj, also of three genera (llodotermes two species, Termes two, and Eutermes two); and three from Oeningen, of two genera (Hodotermes two species, Termes one — the same as found at Radoboj) Besides these there is a Calotermes from Rott, and a Ht)dotermes from Schossnitz
The section comprising the genera having a brancherl scanular vein is therefore represented by eleven species (Calotermes three, Termopsis three — from amber only, Hodotermes five), while the section with simple scapular has only five species (Termes three, Eutermes two). The nominal and doubtful species (and, it might be added, most of the synonyms) fall into the latter section, and should doubtless increase it sou'.ewhat. As it stands the first section has two-thirds of the fossil species.
Thirteen of these sixteen species are entered iu ilagen's Monographie der Termiten; the others have since been published; and it is noteworthy that of the eighty-foiu" modern species contained in this monograph fifty- five, or nearly two-thirds, belong to the secoiul .'^ection; in other words, only 31 per cent of the Tertiary, but o5 per cent of the recent species, be- long to the second section.
The additions to the Tertiary Termite-fauna here made are in entire kee|)ing with these statistics; six species are described, of which four be- long to the first, and two to the s(>cond, section, raising the number of Ter- tiary species to twenty-two, or about one-fourth the number of recent species.
Of the.se six speci(^s, three belong to a new extinct genus, apparently peculiar to America, but possibly including .some of the species from the Europe:! n T'ertiaries; another is referred doubtfully, from want of sufficient data, t' llodotermes, which has yielded species from Radoboj, Oeningen,
NEUROPTKKA— TERMITINA.
105
and Schossnitz, as well as among modern types; while the other two prob- ably fill] into Eutermes, and are allied to, but considerably smaller than, the species from Radoboj placed with many modern types in the same genus. They are perhaps more nearly allied to, as they certainly agree better in size with, the two species of Termes found living in the neighbor- ing valley of the Fontaine qui Bouille, Calotermes, which has furnished species from amber and the Rlienish basin, Termopsis, which has more fos- sil (auiber) species than recent, and Termes proper, which is represented at Oeningen and Radoboj and in amber and the Rhenish basin, all seem to be wanting in the American Tertiaries. The composition of the white-ant fauna of the ancient Florissant, to which locality the known American fossils are confined, differs considerably from that of the localities known in the Eu- ropean Tertiaries, but resembles that of Radoboj more closely than it does any other^ as will appear from the following table of representation:
Firal division.
|
Florissaut. |
Radoboj. |
|
|
Parotermes iumgiiis. |
||
|
PiirotiTiiiPH liiiKenii. |
||
|
Parotermes fotlinm. |
||
|
Hmloterineii T cnloradensis. |
HoiIoternicB haidiiiKeri. |
|
|
HoJoteriiuiH procenw. |
Serond dirininii.
Eutermes fnHsnriim. Cutermes lutiadii.
Termes prUtinus. EiiteniK'H (iliHciirns. Eutermes croaticns.
Out of one hundred and fifty-three specimens of amber white ants ex- amined by Hagen only a single larva, and no soldier, was found ; all other fossil individuals have also been winged specimens; but it is worthy of special remark that in the collection of twenty-six individuals from Floris- sant one is a larva. The scarcity of such forms, whether in amber or lacustrine deposits, is easily explained by the habit of life of these creatures.
The very presence of so considerable a number of Tennitina (twenty- six specimens, six species') in the Florissant beds is indicative of a much
' According to Ha(?eii (Liun. Eiit., vol. I'i. p. iU) no locality in the world has yielded more than nine species of livint; types; they so rarely number more than four, that he had formerly indicated this as the limit, so far as known.
106 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
warmer climate formerly than the locality now enjoys. Only three species of white ants, and of these only one belonging' to the section with branched scapular vein, have been recorded from the United States north of the Gulf margin, excepting on the Pacific coast, where one or two more extend as far north as San Francisco. Yet seventeen species in all are recorded from North America by Hagen in 1801, and some have since been added to the list; while his South American list (nearly all from Hrazil) includes thirty- one species, of whiidi five are repeated from the North American list, F'lor- issant is situated in 3!)° north latitude, and Ilagen says that the family only rarely (wenifj), and that only in the northern hemisphere, extends be- yond the fortieth degree of latitude. One species occurs as far north as Manitoba. (September, 1881.)
Table of the genera of Termitina. Scapular vein branclieil.
Siibniargiiial vein proseut 1. Pitrolermei.
8iibniar);inal vein abwmt !i. nodntirnie-'.
Scapular veiu unbranched '.i, £'M(frme«.
1. PAROTERMES Scudder.
Parotermen Scndd., Proc. Amer. Acad. ArtH and >Sci., XIX, 13.^.(1883).
Head rather large, short-oval in form, almost as broad anteriorly as posteriorly, well rounded behind: eyes .^mall, ocelli wanting; antennic longer than the head, but shorter than the head and prothorax, slender, per- haps slightly broader in the middle than at either end, composed of about twenty equal joints, shorter than broad. Prothorax from i> iialf to a third as long as the head, narrower than or only as broad as it, broader in front than behind, subquadrate, with the hinder angles rounded oft'. Wings slender ami straight, subccpial, less than half us long again as the l)ody, four times as long a.-^ broad ; basal scale obscure in most specimens examined, moderately large, as long as the prothorax, its costal margin convex ; costal margin of wing straight nearly to tin; tip, which tapers to a well-rounded point; marginal and mediastinal veins both present, the latter distinct and reaching nearly to the middle (sometimes only to the end of tlie basal third) of the costal border; .scapular vein ruiniing j)urallel to the costal mavgiu to the tip of the wing and emitting from five to seven very obli(|ue gentlv curving superior Iranches at pretty regular intervals, the second arising before the middle of the vein ; it al.so emits a couple of inferior branches
NEUKOPTKltA— TERMITINA.
107
from opposite the base of two of the later branches which strike the apex of the w\ug, diverging from the main vein no more than the superior branches. Externomedian vein also running parallel to the costal margin throughout the greater part of the wing, and not ao far removed from the scapular as the latter is from the costal margin ; it has four or live simple or forked branches, mostly arising in the basal third of the wing, and with these branches takes a remarkably longitudinal course obliquely toward the hind margin and parallel to the inferior apical branches of the scapular vein ; it therefore occupies the greater part of the wing. The internomedian vein is reduced to a very contracted area, consisting apparently of only a single forked vein or two in the narrowing basal part of the wing. The feeble char- acter of the externomedian and internomedian veins, as well as of the inferior branches of the scapular vein, prevents their preservation on most of the fossils, and it is only in a few specimens that the whole or nearly the whole can be made out. There is apparently no net-work or reticulation anjwhere on the membrane of the wing. The abdomen is large and ovate, generally broader than the rest of the body.
Tliis genus, which is most nearly allied to Termopsis and Calotermes, differs from each of them in points wherein they differ from each other, and has some peculiarities of its own. It dift'ers from Calotermes in its shorter wings (relative to the length of the body), which lack any fine reticulation, and in its want of ocelli. From Termopsis it differs in its slenderer but yet shorter wings, without reticulation, its uniform scapular vein running par- allel to the costa throughout and j)rovided with fewer and straight branches. From both it differs in the presence of distinct inferior branches to the scapular vein, but especially in the slight development of the internomedian vein, the excessive area of the externomedian vein, and the course of the lat- ter, which is approximated much more closely than usual to the scapular vein and emits branches having an unusually longitudinal course. These last peculiarities also separate this genus still more widely from Hodotermes, with which it agrees preUy closely in many points, and in which Hagen places most of tlie larger Termitina described by Heer from the European Tertiaries, although ihey do not ap]>ear to agree with the characteristics of the genua as given by him, and certainly approach in some of their features the peculiarities of the present genus. It is, however, impossible from Heer's figures alone to judge whether they are really more closely allied
108
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
to Hodotermes or Paroterniea ; a nearer examination of the types them- selves would perhaps decide; but at present Parotennes must be con- sidered peculiar to the American Tertiaries.
The species are all of pretty large siz(\ They may be separated af« follows :
Table of the tproirH of Vnrolermn,
AlHloriiuii considornbly broader Minn tliti thorax.
WiiigM proilueod at the apox ; miliiuarKiiinl win short; l)ranchos of the oxternomodinn vein mid
int'eriiir linmi'hoK olHPnpiilnr iiiorp oltliqiie than the HiiperiorHcapiiIar hratU'h*>N I. /'. inaigmn.
WinjfH roiiiidcd nt Ihcnpt'x; HiilininrKlnnl v«in Ioiir; liranohoH of \\w Niihinedian vein niid infer- ior hranclie^of the waunhir om lonKitndiiinl an the giiporior Hc.apniar bninisliits 'i. l\ haiimiii.
Abdomen no broader than thorax X P. fndiiin:
u \
1. PaROTERMES IN8IGNI8. PI. 12, Figs. 13, 14.
Parottrmei inmgiiis Scndd., Proc. Anier. Aoad. Arte and Sci., XIX, 1:17-130 (1883); in Zittel, Handb.
Palwont., I, ii, T7:i, FiR. 974 (ISSTi).
Head broad oval, of pretty regular shape, but broadest in the middle of the hinder half, the front and hind border broadly rounded ; there is a slight median longitudinal suture in the posterior half of the he.ad. Eyes one-fifth the diameter of the head, situated with the front margin slightly more distant from the front than from the hind border of the head and the outer margin just within or at the lateral margin of the head ; they do not appear to project strongly above the surface. Antenna; scarcely so long as the head and prothorax together, composed of about twenty to twenty-two joints, the basal joints twice as broad as the stem, the others broader than long and eqiial throughout, not enlarged toward the middle of the antenntc. Pronotuin nearly twice as broad as long, as broad as the head, the front uKirgin nearly straight with slightly rounded corners, the hind border and sides forming one nearly uniform, broad, semicircular curve ; its surface ap- pears to be flat, or at least there is no median impressed line. Mesonotum a fourth broader than long, with a distinct aiodian impressed line, at least in the front half, sulxjuadrate in shape, broadest in tlio middle of the front half, and tapering slightly and regularly behind, the front margin broadly rounded to the shoulder of the wing. Metanotum about as long as the niosonotum and of a similar shape, but tapering more rapidly behind, and likewise with a median impressed line more distinct anteriorly. Abdonuni obovate, broad, and about equally rounded at either end, in the middle nearly half as broad
NEUROPTEBA-TEBM ITINA.
109
again aH any other part of the body, in length just about equaling the en- tire thorax. Abdominal appendages obscurely seen ir. a single individual, where they are tolerably stout, taporing slightly, very bluntly terminated, and about as long as the last abdominal segment. Legs very short, the tibiae being shorter than tlie width of the thorax, and armed at tip with a ])air of short straight spurs ; tarsi not more than half as long as the tibiae, but the separate joints are not determinable on any of the specimens.
Wings four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair reaching the end of the abdomen, long and very regularly obovate, the only differ- ence in the form of the two extremities being in the gentler tapering of the base and the straighter course of the costal margin next the base. The basal scale is triangular, about as long as the mesonotum, its costal and outer margins each a very little convex. Tlie scapular vein, its superior branches, and the mediastinal are stout, while the other veins are very feeble and only appear under favorable preservation. The submarginal vein ' is crowded against the margin, l)ut does not run fairly into it before the end of the basal fifth of the wing. The mediastinal vein terminates a short distance before the middle of the wing. The scajjular vein runs at only a short distance from and parallel to the margin, and emits from five to eight superior branches running in an extremely longitudinal course to the costa ; usually the first branch is thr<»wn off almost as far out as the middle of the second quarter of the wing, but where the l)ranches are numerous three branches are thrown off before the middle of the wing; in addition to the superior veins two inferior veins are emitted in the apical third of the wing, and strike the lower margin of the wing just below the apex. The externomedian vein runs subparallel to, but a little divergent from, the scapular, and nearly as far from it as it is from the costal margin, emitting, four inferior simple or forked branches which cover the greater part of the hind border with their nervules ; from near the middle of the wing a superior branch is also emitted, which is soon lost. The interno- median vein is forked, and strikes the margin near the middle of the basal half
Although in the mimber of branches to the scapular vein the speci- men showing the wings most clearly (No. 7752) differs considerably from
' What I hurv cull tUe Hubmargiual vein is the tiliort simple vein, sumetiriieH prraeot in, at other times abuent from, Termitiiia, whic'j precedes the modiastiaal veiu. Hagen calls it the first branch of bis subcosta.
no
TEUTIAttY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
the others, the vein coimnoncing to briiiu^h nt a considerably earlier point, all the speciii ens iigreo s(» well in every other particular thai these would appear to h.' individual variations. It is the largest 8pecie> of the genus. I.engtI. of body, 1 1.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 21)""" ; of abdomen, .'{.3""" ; length of antenna", 4.2.')"""; of front wing, l.'i.;}"'"'; breadth of same, 3.35""" ; length of middle tibia, 2"""; of tarsi, 1.25"'"'; of abdominal appendages, 0 65"'".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 400, 7752, 9041, 14400.
2. PaROTKRMKS nAGENII.
PI. 12, Fig. 2.
Pariitfrmeii hagrnii Sciidil., Prov. Amur. Acud. Arts »acl Sci., \IX, i:it>-140 (188:i).
Head roundish obovato, very regularly rounded, scarcely half as long again as broad, broadest at the eyes, which are scarcely behind the middle, and are deeply set, their outer border projecting but little beytnid the c(»n- tour of the head. Antenna> nearly as long as head and pronotum taken together, C(.:»iposed of about twenty-si.\ joint.s, subequal lutyond the base, a little taper ng at the tip. Pronotnni more than twice as broad as long, fully as broad as the head, the front margin slightly concave, the hind border and sid(*s forming a regular bnmd curve. Mcsonotum and metano- tum shaped exactly as in P. insignis, and with a similar impressed line. Abdomen ol)ovate, but with mon^ parallel sides than in P. insignis, being only a little broader than the thorax, and nearly as long as the rest of the body, including the head. Abdominal appendages tolerably slender, e(pial, bluntly j)ointed, composed of Hve or six joints, the last of which appears to be two or thnie times as long as the otiu;rs, which are eipial ; the whole is about half as long as the pronotum. T-^egs short, but longer than in P. insignis, the tibi.e being about as long as the width of the thorax, but thev are imperfecth' preserved on all the specimens.
Wings a littl(! more than four times longer than In-oad, the middle (»f the front pair scarcely reaching the extremity of the abdomen, broadest in the middle, tapering almost as much apically as basally, the tip roundly pointed, the costal margin pretty straight until shortly before the tip, the lower margin broadly curved. The basal scale is of the same shajjc and size as in P. insignis, l)ut with a stronger costal curve. The .scapular vein and its superior branches are stout, its inferior branches and the veins below
NEUBOPTBHA— TERMITINA.
Ill
fetible, »o 88 only to appear under favorable clrcuinstanceH, being visible in only half of the specimens before me. The Hubmarginal vein of the front wing terniinateM at about the middle of the basal half of the wing, and about opposite tlu- origin of the first superior scapular branch. The mediastinal vein extends about to the middle of the wing both in the front and hind wings. The scapular vein is related to the nuu-gin exacth' as in P. insignis, and has five or six superior branches on the hind wing, six or seven on the front wing ; on the front wing they originate at subecpuil dis- taii' >8 apart, conunencing usually at about the middle of the basal half of the wing, but when there are but six brunches (which appears to be less conuuoidy the case) tiie first originates at a greater distance from the base; on the hind wing there is greater irregularity ; in one specimen, that fig- tu'ed (No. S616), there are five branches on the left hind wing, the first orig- inating beyond the middle of the wing, while on the right wing there is an additional vein, originating far before the second, at the middle of the basal half of the wing ; in another specinjen with only five veins (No. 8250) the basal branch originates somewhat beyond the middle of the basal half of the wing, and the others follow at subequal intervals ; besides these superior there are two inferior nervules arising, the first at the end of the middle third of the wing, opposite a superior branch, and the second opposite the succeeding branch; sometimes a third vein appears beyond these; after parting from tiie scaj)ular vein these take a longitudinal course and termi- nate at the tip of the wing. The externomedian vein runs .><»ibparallel to the scapular, diverging slightly from it and being as far from it as it is from the costal margin ; it enn'ts two or three inferior branches, the last scarcely beyond the middle of the wing, the basal ones of which apjiear to be forked, but all having an unusually longitudinal course, being only slightly deflected towards the lower margin. Nothing can be said of the interne- median vein.
This species differs from P. insignis by its more laterally disposed eyes, rounder head, differently shaped wings, more longitudinally disposed branches of the externomedian vein, atul longer and narrower abdomen.
Length of body, 10.5-12, a,v. 11"""; breadth of thorax, 2.1"""; of abdo- men, 2.6""''; length of antenna;, 4"'""; of front wing, 13.5-15.5, av. 14"'"'; breadth of same, i{.35""" ; length of middle tibia, l.GS""; of abdominal appendages, 0.65'""".
!
112
TICRTIAUY INSKCT8 UK NOUTII AMKUICA.
Niiinud tor Dr. II. A. Ilaguii, tliu diHtiu^iiiHiuul iiKHio^^niplier of tlio 'i'uriiiitiiia, liviiit; mid fimMil.
FI(>ii--.:«.Mt. ScvtJii spocimena, Noh. 4629, 4652, 6224, 6030, 8250, 8616, 14167
3. Pakotekmes kooinjb.
PI. lli, FijjH. 3, J'J. I'arolermrt/odinir HemUi., Proc. Aiiht. Avail. ArtHaiKl 8ci., XIX, 141 <l*)83).
Head oliloii}'' obovato, half as loiij; again as broad, tlio oyew huge, nr- riil.ir, about one-fifth tho diainetor of th(t head, slightly projecting beyond the «:des, the Ulterior edge near the middle of the head. Pronotnni trans- versely luiiiite, as broad as the head, less than twice as long as broad, the front margin regularly and considerably concave, the hind margins and sides forming one uniform strongly (ronvex curve, the anterior lateral angles roundetl off. Mesonotum and metanotnin obscurely preserved, but a[)par- ently formed much as in the other species, the mesonotum being of al)OUt the same width as the proiiotum. Abdomen rather long and comparatively slender, scarcely if at all e.\cee<ling in width the parts in front, the sides being unusually parallel, the tip w(?ll rounded, the whole as long as the rest of the body. Abdominal appendages very small, stout, being oid\' a little more than twice as long as l)road, largest in the middle, and tajjering either way, the tip blunt, the whole not longer than the diameter of the eye. I.'egs poorly and partially preserved in a single specimen, showing them to be much as in I', hagenii, the hind tibia being oidy a little shorter than the width of the mesothorax.
Wings four times as long as broad, the niiddle of the front pair reach- ing the tip (»f the alxlomen; the exact form can not be made out, but the costal margin is strr.ight until very near the tip, and the hind border appears to be uniform and to make the wing slightlv broadest just beyond the mid- dle. The submarginal vein is unusually long, running into the costa only a little before the middle of the wing. The mediastinal terminates not far beyond the middle The scapular \ein has five (»r .six In-anches in the front wing, generally five in the hind wing, the first appearing always to origi- nate at the end of the ba.sal third of the wing. The inferior nervules of this vein and the cour.se of the branches of the veins below can not bo determined in any of the specimens, but there are faint indications of their
NEIJUOPTERA— TRRMITINA.
113
proHence, and nothing in them appears to (listiiiguisli this HpecieH by any marked peculiarities from the others of the genus.
This speeios differs from tlie others here described in its considerably smaller si^te, slender abdomen, and much smaller abdominal appendages.
Length of body, 9""" ; breadth of tliorax, 2™"' ; length of front wing, 13"""; breadth of same, 3.26"""; length of hind tibia, 2"""; of abdominal appendages, 0.25"'"'.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 1247, 1253, 7608, 11190 and 14391.
2. H0D0TERME8 Hagen.
Hagen refers to this genus two fossil species from Oeningen and two from Rudoboj. Assmann also describes a species from Schossnitx, and one of the ^''loriHsant white ants is referred here doubtfully. The fossil there- fore nearly eqiuil in number the living species, which are all inhabitants of the Old World, the most northern species being found in Egypt.
HoDOTERMESif COhORADENHIH.
PI. 12, Ff?. 0. ffodolermetl coloradentii Sondd., Proc. Amer. Acail. Artk and Sci., XI.X, 1412-143 (1883).
Metanotum considerably narrower than the mesonotum, as long as broad, tapering posteriorly, the front border straight, the hind border rounded. Abdomen ovate, stout, less than twice as long as broad, the sides full, as broad as the meaothorax, posterior extremity rounded. Abdominal appendages long and slender, half as long as the metanotum, composed of at least six or seven joints, slightly tapering, terminating very bluntly.
Wings very long, the middle of the front pair lying far beyond the tip of the abdomen. Submarginal vein absent from all tlie wings. Mediasti- nal vein t'M'iniuating at the middle of the front border. Scapular vein parallel to the front margin, with at least four branches in both wings, and in the front })air pretty certainly five branches, and perhaps six ; the first branch originates in the front wing at the end of the basal fourth of the wing, in the hind wing a little farther out.
This species is readily distinguished from all the other fossil Termitina of North America by its very great size, the length of the wings being double that of any other. Although the specimen is very imperfect, the VOL xiii 8
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114
TKRTIARY INaRCTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
tip and lowor halt' of t\w w'lUf^ hm\g nhHent, nx woll m tlin \uhu\, prothornx, and lo^'H, it (lifr(>i'H ho iiiiicJi from tho Hpnoiim of INirotorniHM, in tlio aliHoiuMt of tlio Hiihmai'fji'iiiul voiit ami tho groat longtii of tho ahdoniiiial appoiidagtm, that it prohahly can not l)o asHociatod with them gcnorically. In nhe and gonoral appoaranco it agreon ho fairly with tho Tertiary HpociondoHrribod by Iloor, rofcrrofl to iloilotcrnicH hy Ila^fun, that I plaoo tho npocicH proviHion- nlly in tho mime ^onuH, from wliioh (as from all othor gonora ho far aH I know in whioli tho Htructuro of tho win^s would allow it to be placed), it ditTorw hy tho ^nvat length of its anal appon<lagoH.
liOngth of body aH proHorvod, 9""" (probably it reached about 12) ; of abdonu'ii, 6""" ; breadth of nanio, 4J>""" ; length (»f fore wing, 23""" or more ; of abdominal appendagoH, l/if)"""; breadth of name, 0 3""".
FlorisHunt. One Hpecimon, No (iOlO.
8. EUTERMES Ileor.
The romainin;^ /.pocioH fall into the division of Tormitina in which thi Hcapular vein is unbranched, and it is uncertain whether they should fall in TermcH proj>er or in Entormes, the veins below the scapular being in all oases poorly preserved or wholly obliterated. The limiti^l number of an- tennal joints in such as have these preserved sullicieiitly for examination, and the occasional indication of a broad subscapular field in others, lead rather to tho presumption that they .should bo ])laced in Eutormes. Two species have 1)een found at Floris.sant. The genus has been well known in a fo.ssil state, four species having been described from lladolntj in Croatia and five from Prussian amber. Indeed, the genus was first founded upon fossil species, but it was soon seen that many living forms belonged to the same group. The existing species, sonio thirty in number, belong almost exclusively to the tropics, and ('specially t<» those of the southern hemi- sphere.
The two species of Eutermes which have been found at Florissant may be separated l)y the following features:
Table of Ihe iptciet of Ktilermtt.
HfoiI liriiatlrr l)«hinil than in front, ocnroely hnlf ax long iiKbin »h broad ; prnnotnm Reinicircular, the |iiiHtt>riur curve iinirorrn I. /■-'. /omarum,
IIi'iiil not lirondi-r lichinil thnii in front, fully half as long at;a<n an hruad ) iironotiiin vi^ry Hhoit, tho bind iiiargiu niori< or li'w* trnncatn '«!. E. meadii.
NEUUOPTEUA-TKKMITINA.
115
1. KirTEKMKM roiMAKirM.
PI. 12, Pig. 20.
Euttrmti /oMafNm HoikIiI., Proo. Aninr. Aflsil. Arti and Hoi., XIX, U:)-144 (IHR)).
Ileftd vory roj^iiliirly ohovato, a little hmador behind than in front, nearly half aH lony; a^^ain aH hroad, itH poHtorior border well rounded. EyoM rather Hmnll, situated in the middle laterally, projoctin)^ but little. Anten- na; Hcarcely if any lonjjer than the head, rather Mtout, enlarj^injif away from the baHo, eompoHed apparently of Iuhh than fifteen jointM. I'ronotum art broad aH the head and twice hh broad aH long, Hemicirciilar, the front border scarcely concave, the front margiim Hlightly rounded. Menonotum and metanotuin as broad hh pronotuin, quadrate, ecpial, about half att broad again as long. Abdomen Homewhat longer than the rest of the body and slightly broader than tliw thorax, with gently rounded sides and well- rounded tip i no abdominal appendages are diHcovorable on any of the specimens. Legs poorly preserved on all specimens ; apparently they are of medium length.
Wings rather more than four timp'» as long as broad, the middle of the front pair not reaching the tip of the abdomen, very uniform and regular, of nearly equal breadth throughout the middle two-thirds, the costal mar- gin straight until just before the tip. Sca[)iilar vein parallel to the margin, the subcostal area infumated ; veins below the scapular not determinable. The basal scale appears to be small, broad, triangular, its costal border swollen.
Length of body, G.5-7..'), av. 7. IS""™; of abdomen, 3..^)-4.5, av. 4.1.5"""; breadth of pronotum, 1.2""'; of abdomen, 1.5'""; length of aiiteiuuB, 1.2"""; of front wing, 7.76-9.25, av. 8.25"" ; breadth of same, 2"".
Florissant. Five sjjecimens, Nos. 2329, 6049, 7393, 11752, 14980; three of thera in pretty good condition.
2. EUTERMES HEAD!!.
PI. 12, Figs. 12, 17.
Eutermet ineadii SoniM., Proo. Amor. Acad. Arts nnit Hci,, XIX, 144-145 ;1883>.
Head very regularly obovato, broadest just behind the middle, where the small eyes, scarcely projecting, are situated, not broader behind than in front, the hind margin strongly rounded, the whole fully half as long
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TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA,
anfain as broad. A titeiina; nowhere well preserved, l)ut apparently longer and with nior(3 numerous joints than in E. fossaruni. Pronotuni as broad as the head (?) and very sliort, probably more than twice as broad as long, the hind margin not forming with the sides a continuous curve, but in its middle half only slightly convex. Mesonotum and metanotnin (piadrate, broader than the head, the mesonotum somewhat the larger, at least half as broad again as long. Abdomen rather stout, longer than the rest of the body, the sides nearly parallel, the tip broadly rounded, aiul, as fiir as can be made out, unj)rovidod witii terminal appendages. JiOgs moderately long and stout, the tibiiu armed witii a psiir of spines at apex, the front tibise about as long as the; proiu)tum.
Wings long, slender, and uniform, four times or slightly less than four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair reaching the tip of the abdomen, broadest at or slightly beyond the middle, the lower border slightly arcuate throughout. Costal margin straight in the basal three- fourths of the wing. Scapular vein parallel to the margin, the subcostal area scarcely infumated. Veins below the scapular not determinable. ]}asal scale small, triangular, equilateral, the sides straiglit excepting the costal, which is very slightly convex and prominent.
This .species differs from the preceding by its slightly smaller size, squarer pronotum, and differently shaped head.
Length of body, 0.25-7, av. 6.3"'"'; of abdomen, 2.8-3.'), av. 3.2'""; breadth of abdomen, Lf)"""; length of wing, 7.5-8"'"; breadth of same, 2"".
Named for Mr. T. L. Mead, whose collection of Florissant insects he has permitted me to study.
Floris.sant. Four specimens. No. 19 (Coll. T. L. Mead), and Nos. 31, 1203, 8062.
A single specimen of a wingless white; aiit has been found, apparently belonging to this .species or to K. fos.sarum. It measures ;».75'"'" \n length, and is ot' tlic ordinary form of the worker, with rounded head and con- 8tricte<l protliorax, Ix-aring a general resemblaiu-e to the only other known fossil termite larva, Hgured in Herendt's work, but has the head more pro- duced anteriorly and the abdomen less distended.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 6100.
N E UttOPT Eli A— PSOCIN A.
117
Family PSOCINA Burmeister.
Until now this group has been found fossil only in amber, but here in considerable abundance, since several of the species are represented by . twenty, thirty, or even sixty individuals; and fifteen species are recognized, about one -ninth the number of living species known, but nearly one-half as many as the species now living in Germany, according to the latest mono- graph by Kolbe. These fossil species are divided among ten genera as fol- lows: Troctes, one; Sphivropsocus, one; Enipheria, two; Archipsocus, two; Amphientomum, one ; Epipsocus, one ; Cajcilius, three ; Philotarsus, two ; Psocus, one ; Elipsocus, one. The genera Sphseropsocus, Empheria, and Archipsocus are peculiar to amber ; the first mentioned, a most remarkable form, has the front wings developed into the semblance of elytra. It is worthy of note that, while in the existing fauna of Europe the groups to which Psocus and Elipsocus belong embrace about half the species, they include only one-seventh the amber fauna. Hagen and Kolbe are at variance on the interpretiition of these facts. The single imperfect specimen so far found in American deposits — the only one indeed in any rock forma- tion— proves to belong to a distinct generic type, remarkable for the wide separation of the ocelli.
PAROPSOCUS gen. nov. (rrdpo?, Psocus).
The single insect on which this new generic group is based is very fragmentary, but seems to diflcr so clearly from other types of Psocina, whether living or fossil, that it can only be recognized as distinct. The head is broad, not including the eyes as broad as long, the nasus prominent, very broadly convex, almost truncate ; the eyes are very large, very promi- nent, globose, subpedicellate, being strongly constricted at base, widening the head one-half; ocelli large, exceptionally distant, the outer paired ocelli infringing on the margin of the eyes. Anteinue with the first, second, and third joints successively narrower by one-fourth, the first and second broader than long, not large, the third Joint four oi five times as long as broad, cylindrical, the remaining joints on the proximal tiiird of the antennae two or three times as long as broad, smallest at base, apically rounded. Prothorax narrow, pedunculate, free, with its angulate apex ovtn-lapping the mesonotum, longer than broad. Mesothorax much broader than the total
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TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
width of the head. Fore tibine slender, longer than and not half so stout as the fore femora. Abdomen very short and stout, tapering very rapidly behind.
Perhaps this genus is as nearly related to Amphientomum as to any other. A single species is at hand.
Paropsocus disjunctus. PI. 5, Fig. 51.
The single specimen unfortunntely shows only an insignificant fraction of neuration, and therein no distinctive parts, but only those which are conmion to all genera of Psocidae. So far as can be seen, the head, thorax, antennje, and legs are absolutely naked. The plate wrongh' shows the left antenna as the tarsus of the fore leg. The third joint of the antenna? is shorter than the width of the head between the eyes.
Length of body, l.ti"""; breadth cf head, 0.45"""; of thorax, 0.7.5"""; length of third antennal joint, 0..'5""".
Fos.sil Cafion, White River, Utah. One specimen, No. 33'', W. Denton.
Family EPHEMERID^ Stephens.
Our previous knowledge of Tertiary Ephemeridii' is based entirely upon imagos and almost entirely confined to the statements made by Pictet and llagen nearly thirty years ago in their account of amber Neuroptera. Four species of IJaetis and one each of Potamanthus and Palingenia were there described, and two years earlier mention is made by Ilagen, by name merely, of a second species Oi" Palingenia, but in the subsequent work it is referred to Baetis. Here also Pictet's Palingenia is considei-ed as more closely related to Baetis anomala, for which in his monograph of the I']phemeri(la' Eaton establishes the genus Cronicus. Eaton also refers the Potamantlnjs to Leptophk'I)ia. We have therefore from the amber threa species of Baetis, one or proljably two of Cronicus, and oiu* of Lei)tophlebia. Besides these, Sendel figures a species which he cla.sses "inter ei)hemeras minores," and Burmeister says ]w lias seen "zwei individuen der gattung Ephemera" in the Berlin Museum.
From the Tertiary rocks we have only a rt^A^rence by Schlotheim to an insect from Oeningen, which he says may be an Ephemera or a Phry-
NEUROPTEllA— EPHEMERIDiE.
119
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ganea, Heer's undescribcd Ephemera oeningensis, and a reference to an Australian species by Wlkinson.
It is not worth while to enter here upon any discussion of the pre-Ter- tiary Epheineridsc, but one of the most interesting of modern discoveries is Fric's gigantic Palingenia foistmanteli from the coal.
The American remains referred here are rather unsatisfactory, con- sisting of a single imago and five different species of larvii; and pupju. The earlier stajyes have not before been noticed in a fossil state. The least sat- isfactory is the imago, which is so rudely preserved that only its three caudal setic of equal length give any clue to its relationship. The larvae and pupai agree closely in structural features, and, excepting E. inter- empta, seem to belong to one genus. The stoutness of the tibia;, which are of nearly equal breadth with the femora, and particularly the size of the fore tibia; where preserved, indicate pretty clearly that they were burrowing in habit and belong in the neighborhood of Ephemera and Palingenia; their legs, however, though longitudinally hairy, are not laterally fringed, as ap- pears to be the case with such larviu so far as thoy are known; and the respiratory organs of the abdomen are too ])oorly preserved to offer any as- sistance; the legs, however, are evidently flattened, and hence I have placed them in Ephemera I'ather than in Palingenia. They seem, however, to in- dicate the existence here of a distinct type, for they differ from such larva; as are known in the form of the body, which is unusually stout at the thorax and particularly in the mesothorax, tapering anteriorly to such a degree that the head is very small, and it is also not produced anteriorly, or to a slight degree only ; the abdomen tapers also either throughout its length or from the middle posteriorly; the respiratory organs, if of the fonji and position in which they are found in Ephemera and Palingenia, would cer- tainly be clearly seen, whereas no sign of them appeals upon the upper surfiice of the abdomen; there are, however, certain indications laterally which may be referred to them, and if so this would be an additional dis- tinction. The unfringed legs, in which femur, tibia, and tarsus are of nearly unilbrm diameter, indicate a further diff"erence from known types. So little, however, is known of the early stages of this group that it will be impossible to indicate the nearer affinities of these fossil larva? until further information of living forms is obtained. (September, 1883.)
120
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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EPHEMERA Linnd.
Tlie species known only in the immature stages may be distinguished as follows :
Table of the species of Ephemera,
Outer caudal sntiu fringed on both Hides. Middle Heta as long aa the outer Hetiv.
8f 103 Vfr>' much more widttly friiiffod in thf middle thiin toward either end; dorsiil iilidoniiiial
markings consiHting of liglit blottdioH on » dark ground 1, K. Uibifica.
Setiv only a little more widely fringed in the niiddl" tliun toward the buHe or tip; dorNiiI abdom- inal markingx con.si.sting of light lini-H on u dark ground '.i, JC. miicilenia.
Outer caudal setie fringed on this inuer Hide only, and very uineh more broadly in the middle than
near the Imyi or tip. Middle HVta Hhorter than thu outer Metm ..'i, E. immohilis.
Sutii) of equal length and naked, or not noticeably fringed.
Large npecieg. Head less than half the width of thorax; dorsal abdominal markings of light
lines 4. A', pumiiosa.
Small species. Head considerably mora than half as wide as the thorax ; no dorsal abdominal marking Ti. E. inlerempta.
1. Ephemeba tabifica.
Pupa. — This species differs somewhat in form from the otiier larger types, the abdomen l)eing very nearly of etjual size throughout and the thorax nearly twice as broad as it, while anteriorly the whole body tapers reg'ularly, as in the succeeding species. The head is rounded quadrate, about half the width of the thorax. The lej^s are slenderer tlum in the succeeding species and short, the front pair no longer than the width of the thorax, the hind pair longer, being as long as the iiead and thorax together. The wing pads are blackish, about three times as long as broail, reniform in shape, the inner margin bent in the middle, and the l)a.sal halves of the inner margin of the two winjjs meetiii"' to form an an<;le sliyhtlv less than a riglrt angle, the apical half tapering to a rounded apex. The abdomen is long and slender, the apical joint more than half as broad as the basal, the dor.sal suit. ice blotched with large (piadrate patches of lighter color than the ground, .sometimes central, sometimes anterior and transverse, divided by a median line. The three caudal seta- are slendi-r, le.ss than half as long as the abdomen, ecpial, very broadly fringed on either side in the middle.
Length of body exclusive of seta-, L'o'""' ; breadth of thorax, 4J}""" ; of middle of abdomen, 2.6""" ; length of wing pads, 4..")""" ; of front legs. 4"'"' : (»f Itind legs, S""" ; of setiv, 7""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 13238.
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121
2. Ephemera immobilis. PI. 12, Fig. 5.
Larva. — This is the largest of the ephemerid larvse, and is represented by a single specimen and its reverse. The body is stout, largest at the meso- thorax and metathorax, tapering rapidly and somewhat rounded in front, tapering gently behind, the hinder half of the abdomen more rapidly than the basal half. The head is small, about as broad as the terminal segment of the body; transversely rounded oval, less than half as broad as the thorax, and symmetrical, being rounded in front as behind ; the mandibles, not rep- resented on the plate, are not so long as the head, moderately stout, nearly straight and tapering. The front legs are nearly as long as the thorax, the femora and tibia;, which are of equal width, nearly oi quite as broad as the length of the prothorax ; the tibia is a little longer than the femur and about half as long again as the tarsus, which is also somewhat slenderer. The other legs are longer and a little stouter, but retain the same relations, excepting that the tarsus is much longer, half as long again as the tibia and toward the tip tapering. The thoracic branchiae form a pair of trian- gular equilateral pads, their inner margins straight and attingent at the mediodorsal line, their outer margins convex. The dorsal surface of the abdomen is ornamented by a pair of approximated subdorsal, longitudinal, curved, white streaks, convexities outward, reaching the posterior but not the anterior border of each segment. The caudal setae are of unequal length, the outer more than one-third, the middle one nearly one-fourth, the length of the body. They are fringed, the outer ones on the inner surface only, the middle one on both sides by a delicate fringe of hairs, which increases in breadth from either end toward the middle, where the fringe is from a third to a fourth the width of the last abdominal segment.
Length of body, 21""" ; breadth of thorax, 5"™ ; of head, 2.4""" ; length of fore tibia, 2.25""' ; breadth, O.G"'™ ; length of hind tibia, 2.7r)'"'" ; breadth, 0.8"'" ; length of outer caudal setfe, 8""" ; of middle seta, 5"'".
The species differs from the other larvtc here described by its greater size and tlu» peculiar fringing of the caudal seta\
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8824 and 8828.
122 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
3. Epiiemeka macilenta.
PI. 12, Figs. 4, 10.
Larva— The body is stoiit but not so stout iis in the last species, wliich is only slightly larger than this ; it tapers also in a similar manner but is not so rounded anteriorly. The head and mandibles at j of similar form and size, but the head is not so distinctly separated from the thorax as in that , species, being continuous with the general outline of the body. The legs are considerably shorter than in the preceding species, but while agreeing with them in general structure the femora are stouter in relation to the tibite. The abdomen is similarly nuirked, but the stripes are shorter, reach- ing neither the M".iterior nor the posterior margins of the segments. The caudal setiv are of ecpial length, nearly half as long as the body, and fringed on either side with slicrt cilije, scarcely longer than the breadth of the seta.
Length of body, 1.75™"; breadth of thorax, lUT"; of head, 1.8.5"'"'; length of fore tibia, l.n"""; breadth, 0..'J5"'"'; length of hind tibia, 2'""'; breadth, 0.35""' ; length of caudal seta% 7.5"'"'.
The brevity of the legs and the uniform brief ciliation of the caudal seta? distinguish this species from either of the other larvu" here described.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 232, 1137, 7280, 10423, 1352G.
4. KrilKMERA PUMICOSA.
PI. 12, Figs. 7 (pupa), 15, 1« (larvn).
Larva. — This sjjecies is both snialler and slenderer than any of the larva; described above. It taj)ers in the same manner as the others, excej)t in being more raj)idly exj)aiided at the thorax and in having the abdomen of more uniform width, a peculiarity seen also hi the nymph referred to the same species. As in the other species, the head is of the same width as the ex- tremity of (he abdomen. The legs are poorly preserved in all the speci- mens, but .seem to agree entirely with their appearance in the nymph. The abdouien is marked as in E. iinmobilis, but if anything with longer uiid straighter stripes. All the caudal seta- are of similar length, slender, but rather short, being only about one-third the length of the body ; th"y are furthermore distinguished from those of the other species by being naked, as far as can be .seen, thuugli one specimen seems to show an apical bristle on either side at the end of each joint oi' the middle seta.
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123
Length of body, 17"'"'; breadth of thorax, 4'°"'; of liead, 1""'; length of caudal setas 6°"™.
Pupa. — The form is altogether that of the larva, but the legs are better preserved, showing them to be as long in this species as in K. inmiobilis, but to differ in their almost uniform slenderness throughout, the tarsi being scarcely narrower than the femora. Tlie wing pads are distinctly marked in dark brown and are renifornn in shape, of nearly unifoim width and nearly three tinies as long as broad, the basal half of their inner edges meeting at less than a right angle, and the distal halves parallel and ap- proxin)ate along the mediodorsal line, the outer edges gently concave and the tips well rounded. The stone is broken at tlie tip of the body in tlie only specimen, so that the caudal seta; are not preserved.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 233, 1070, 1516, 10385 (larva;), 10660 (pupa).
5. Ephemera interempta.
This smallest of the ephemerids from Florissant, represented by a nearly complete pupa and the terminal segnu nts of what may^e either larva or pupa, and which appears to belong here, differs considerably in structural features from the others. The former only will be described.
Pupa. — The body is tolerably stout, largest at the thorax wliere it tapers forward toward the head, which is fully three-quarters its width. Posteriorly the abdomen remains in its basal half very nearly as broad as the widest part of the thorax, and only tapers rapidly a little betore the tip, which is more rounded than usual find scarcely one-third as broad as tlie thorax The head is rounded, a little broader than long ; the legs only moderately stout, all the femora subequal and about as long as the head. The wing pads are subtriangular, tapering pretty uniformly to a rather broadly rounded tip about half as broad as the base, the inner margin bent close to the base, and the basal portions of the two pads forming an angle much broader than a right angle ; they differ therefore altogether in form from the two sjjecies of which nymphs are known. The .abdominal joints are more than twice as broad as long and wholly devoid of the niarkings which distinguish all the other species. The caudal setaj are about one- third as long as the abdomen, and unfringed. Only the base of the median seta is preserved in the type, but in the other specimen referred here it is as long as the lateral.
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TBllTIAttY INSECTS OP NOJVfU AM'^JUICA.
Lengthof body, Df)' ; width of lioiul, 1.3""; of thorax, 2"'™; lenjrthof
femora, 1.2'""; of wiiifr pud, 2"""; of sotiu, 2.5™'".
Florissant. Two specinieiis, Nos. 1.582, obtained by the Princeton ex- pedition, and 1070(3.
Ephemera exsucca. PI. 12, Fig. 0.
A sinylo specimon, very badly preserved, bnt showin<f unmistakably the caudal seta*. The whole is preserved as I have seen no other specimen from Florissant, as if drawn on the stone with a pale blue pencil. The body is tolerably stout for an Ephemera, the abdomen tapering a little. The exi)aiuled wings are only partially j)reserved, but are apparently nearly as long as the body. The thi'ee caudal seta' are very slender and of exactly the same length, a little shorter than the body. No ciliation can be detected on them.
Eength of body, g*"'"; breadth of thorax, 2"'"; expanse of wings, 16"""; length of caudal seta", 7"'".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5587.
Family ODONATA Fabricius.
More than thirty years ago in his work in conjunction with de Selys on the P]uropean Odonata, Dr. Hagen contributed a chaj)ter on the fossil species of Europe, in which about half of the species enumerated (thirty- nine in number) belonged to the Secondary ami half to the Tertiary period. Since tiien no one has done more than Dr. Ilagen to add to our kiu)wledge, especially of the Secondary species. The time has hardly come, and the species known are as yet perhaps not snfliciently nuinert>us, to enter on any study of the relation of the Secondary and Tertiary types; but it may l)e stated in a general way that, omitting all mention of larval remains, wo now know nearly double the number then recorded, and the Tertiary species are considerably in excess. Of these the larger part belong to the Agrionina. (January, li^S2)
To enter into a few details, the strongly limited group of dragon-Hies makes its ajjpearance in the Lias in considerable variety and apparently as highly specialized as to-day, htr n(» less than four tribes are present, the true Ajjrionidae and the Cordulida^ alone beinj' absent. Ae.schnina are the
II
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NBUROPTBRA-ODONATA.
125
most iihiindnnt, the Aeschnidm being roprosontod by ft species of Acpchna at Schiimbolen and the Oonipliida' by one species each of Potahira and Gonipiioides from Enghind. Caloptorygidii^ come next, witli one species each of Tarsophlebia and Heteroi)ldebia, both extinct genera, also from Enghuid, and finally a 8j)ecie8 of Libellula from England. The same relation holds in passing upward into the oolite, where the Agrionina are added. Here we have thirty-two species, of which half are Agrionina: four Agrionida?, and twelve Calopterygidjc of five genera, mostly extinct, namely, Isophlebia, two ; lleterophlebit^, two ; Stenophlebia, three ; Tarsophlebia, one, and Euphoia, four; three are Aeschnida; of the genera Anax and Aeschna ; eight Gomphida) of some undetermined genera, besides Petalura and Potalia; and finally five Libollulida) of abo'-t as many genera, yet undescribed. A species of Gomphidaj has also been found in the Wealden of England. The lithographic slates of Bavaria afford numerous, some- times wonderfully preserved, dragon-flies, called by the workmen Stangen- reiter or Schladen-Vogel, which have been carefully studied by Hagen. Tlipy lie on the stone with expanded wings and are generally larger than modern types; sometimes the most delicate veins are perfectly preserved. Most of them are referred to extinct genera.
Considering the comparative abundance of this group in the Second- ary rocks one would expect to find a better representation in the Terti- aries than is the case, for, even counting all the species founded upon the innnature stages as distinct from any of those established upon wings, the Tertiary species are less than twice as nnmerous as those from the Second- ary rocks. The subfamilies are about equally represented, though the Agrionina are a little in excess, and the species are very unequally distrib- iited among the tribes. Thus tliere are twenty-two species of Agrionida; of the following genera : Agrion, seven; Lestes, five; Argya, one; Platycne- niis, two; Steropi, one ; Dysagrion, throe ; Podagrion, one ; and Lithagrion, two, the last four genera being extinct; wiiile there is but a single species of Calopterygidic known by a pupal form, from amber, a curious reversal of the proportion in Mesozoic rocks. The .Eschnina are more equally balanred between the tribes, the Gomphida; being represented l)y six spec as, of the genera Gomphus, Gomphoides, Ictinus, and Petalura, and the Aeschnidic by nine ; of the genera Aeschna (eight) and Anax (one). The Lil)ellulina, however, have sigain only a single species of Cordulidtc,
i
'11
* t
126
THIITIARY INSKirrS OV NORTH AMKKICA.
Imt Hixtoon npocit's of Lihelluliilivi, ull oxcopt ono, a Colithcinis, referred to Lihelliilii ill H broad Heiiwe. Nearly every locality where Tertiary iiitteets are foiiiul, even iiieliuliii^r aiiiher, lias Hiipplied its (|iiota of tliiH family, and 8oine loculities, hiicIi hh Oeningen, have furniHhed the larvu> and pupa; in great iiunilters. (IHSr).)
The Odoiiata furnish the first opportunity that my studies have afforded of a coiiijuirison between the insect faunas of Florissant and the Green River shales. The Florissant beds have furnished six species in the perfect state l)esides two larviv ; the Green River shales four species in the perfect state besides fra^fuieiits of another, concerning which nothing more can be said than that it probably belongs to the Libollulina. Two of the Floris- sant forms belong to Aeschiia, besides one of the larva\ All the remainder, four Green River species, and four from Florissant, besides a larva, belong to the Agrionina. The Green River shales are reju'esented by one species of Podagrion and three species of Dysagrion, an extinct genus of the legion I'odagrion allied to the genera Podagrion and Philogenia; the Flor- issant bods by two species of Agrion and two of Lithagrion, an extinct genus with the same alliances as Dysagrion ; the species of Agrion are not sufliciciitly perfect to decide into what subgenus they will fall, but they are ceitainly closely related and appear to he most nearly allied to Amphi- agrion or else to Pyrrhosonia or Erythroinma. All the Green River species belong then to the legion I'odagrion, while the Florissant species are divided between the legions Podagrion and Agrion. The resemblance of the faunas of the two localities is very apj)arent, though the species and even the genera are wholly distinct. The facies of both faunas is decid- edly subtropical (October, 1882.)
Tribe AGRIONINA Hagen.
This grouf) is the richest of Odonata in the Tertiarics, both in Europe and America, but curiously the legions into which it is divided by de Selys are very (litlcreiilly represented in the two (Countries. To establish better terms of cKiiiparisdu I have given some attention to the de.scriptions and figures of tlu' mature European forms, and their study brings out some interesting points.
Ill Europe the legion [..estes is far the ])e.st represented; into this fall Lestes coloratus Ilageii from Ra(h)boj, fir.st figured by Charpentier, Agrion
NKUUOI'TRUA— OnONATA— AORIONINA.
127
ligOH, A. loucoHiu, and A. poislnoo,' nil of Iloor uiid from OonIiiu;en, mid prolmhly A. iris Hoor of Ouniiigun; a cloHor dotoriiiination is periiaps iiiipoH- Hihlo. Into it also fall Lestes vicina Uajfen from Siehlos, wliioh appears to Imj a [jostjm in tlio narrowest sense, and Aj^rion (Steropo) partlienopo Ileor from Oeninj^en, whieh is either a Sympyc.na or e.\ceediiif,'ly close to it. The loj^ion next hest representtMl is Platycnemis, since to the subgenus I'latyenemis Agrion anticpunn llaf^cn from amber and Agrion icarus llageii from Uott pretty certainly belong. Finally, to the legion Agrion belongs Agrion aglaope lleor from Oeningen.
In Anjericii, on the other hand, the bulk of the species fall in the legion Podagrion, viz, Dysagrion frodericii, D. lakesii, and I), packardil of Green Kiver, Podugrion abortivum from the same, and Lithagrion hyalinum and L. umbratum from Florissant. The other two species fall in the legion Agrion, viz, Agrion mascescens and A. exsularis.
The following table will show the distribution of recent and fossil spe- cies in Eurojje and North America :
|
Rnveiit. |
FoSHil. |
||||||||
|
Legion. |
Kiirope. |
North Araer- icra nortli of Moxii'n. |
North Ainer- icii fliiil West IiiilinH. |
Kii No. |
rope. |
North AiiK^rioa. |
|||
|
No. |
Per cent. |
No. 5 11 |
Per etui. 21
|
No. (i 14 1 |
Per cent. 7 17 1 |
ferceii*. |
No. \ Percent. |
||
|
7 |
18 |
7 70 |
|||||||
|
Podikirrion ...... ...... |
6 ' 75 |
||||||||
|
11 |
'i<l |
1 |
ii 90 |
||||||
|
20 53 |
.17 |
70 |
GO 3 |
71 4 |
1 |
10 |
2 |
25 |
|
|
ProtoiioiirA |
|||||||||
|
1 |
|||||||||
|
Totiil |
;tH |
&3 |
84 |
10 -- |
8 |
||||
Concerning the pre.sent distribution of these " legions," it may be said that Pseudostigma belongs to troj)ical America, Podagrinn and Protoneura to the tropics and South Africa, Platycnemis to the Old World, and that Lestes and Agrion are cosmopolitan. The cosmopolitan groups and the one confined to the Old World are those, and tiie only ones, represented in the European Tertiaries; while one of the cosmopolitan genera well repre-
■ lln);en conNidered these ns most nearly allied to the HpocieB for which Selyn hiis «inoe ostah- llNhed the ^t'liim Chlorolpstes in the Ie)rinn Podii);rioii, but to judge from the origin of the median and 8iil)nodal sectors they certainly belong iu Lestes.
1
lU
128 TKItTIAKY INHKCT8 OF NOKTU AMRRK^A.
Boiitod in tho riiit(>(l Stutos to-iliiy Imn not yot hoou fouiKl in itn 'r<Mliaiy tUipOHitM, and fhn't<-(|iim't('rM of tlw* fossil H|ie<Mi'H liolonf^ to a lojfion uhhuii- tially tropical and two-thinls of whoso livinj,' n'prt'sontativi'H oiu-iir in America; to otfsot tliiM, flio two t>tlior li'^^ions wliicli aru pocidiarly tropical (and ono of tluMn oxclnsivch* Annn-ican) aro wholly nnrc^proHcntod in the American TcrtiaricH. From what wo then know at th(» prosoiit time the relationship of th(* a^ri'ionid faniia of the Kiiropean and American TortiariuH was n<»t nearly ho closet as the livinjf famias of tho two conntries. (Hep- tombor, 18h;{.)
Lpglon POnAOniON (Ic Sfilys.
To this h'ffion helon;^ most of the fossil A<;rionina of North America. The species Imro descriltetl are the tirst that have been fonnd fossil. Tho recent forms of this legion — not i verv prolific ono — occnr mainly in trop- ical AnuM'ica, thoii^rh nearly half the j^enera and about ono-third of tho species bolonjf to the Kast Indies and South .Vfrica. The forms hero brou^rht to notico aro mostly referable t<» new {>:enera which lind their place in near vicinity to the South American types. ( )ne spec-ies appears to bolon}' to tho South AnK'rican genus i'odam'rion. The relationship of those fossils may i)e looked upon as well delined. Their nearest living relatives aro inhabitants of Hra/.il, Venezuela, and (Jtdondiia.
The genera hero ro|)resented may be separated in tho following man- ner :
Tnbl« of Ihe gennn of t'odai/rion.
PteroRtiRmn not iiinrn tlinii tirico oh Idii); iih Immtl, HiiriiHiiiiitiiij{ Iohn tlinii twn crllalm ; anpplMnentnry HftloiM few ; lew |irntiij5<)iiiil iilliili'H 'i. I'mlaijiiiin.
rtcro8ti);iiia iikid- iIiiiii twin- ait loii^ iih liniuil, Niinnoiiuting tuivorul ci'lliilos; Nii|i|)leiiu>iilury lu-ctora niitiKToiis; many |><'iitit)(oiiiil ci'lliileM, NfMliil Hcclor uriHiiiK I'roiii the prhiciiml at hi'iiitoI.v oiic-llftli the iliHtaiuut from \\w noilim to llio ptcroMi){iini; pohtcoital area vxcliiHivcly or aInioNt (<x('liiNiv(>ly tlllid witli pt'iitaKoixil tcIIh;
m'vrral Nii|ipli<iiii';itii Niu'torN lictwi-t'ii tlic mi'iliiiii anil Niihiiodiil wctorit 1, IhiHiujrioH.
Nodal HiM'tor ariHJii); froii. ilio princi|ial al al>oiil oiii' tliiril tli)^ tli.staiii'K from tho iiodait to tli<t pt)>r- OHti^ma: poxti'iistal area witli tciraKoiial and very fcn'or no pi-nta;;omil voIIh; no porlVi'l nnp- pli'munlary mi'tor lictwi'i'n tli« mnliaii and Niilinodal KcilorH K, LithaijriuH.
1. I)VSA(JliI()N Scudder.
IhjHnijrion Scudd., Hnl!. U. .S. (i<-ol. (iro^r. .Siirv. Terr., IV, WM (1878).
This new type of Agrionina belongs to the legion Podagrion as defined by Solys-Longchamps, having a normal pterostigma, much longer than broad, X\w median sector arising frrnn the principal vein near the nodus, tho subnodal a little fiu'ther out, and many interposed supplementary sectors.
NKUKOITKIIA— ODONATA— AOniONINA.
129
It <liflr»*rK Homowlmt lonmrkiihly, liowovor, from ntiy of tlu* gojuira jf'ivon in tliiit imtlior'rt 8yno|miH (1«'h AyrioiiiiKiH (IH(12) lii H«v«(ral poiiitH, iih will ho Meen on nnimvin^ tlut following cliiinu'turiHtirM.
Tho modiiin Hoctor iiriHim from tliu principul voin more tlmn ono-tliird tlio «liMttinc(> from tlio ikmIiih to tlio arc.uliiM; tho Hul)tio(lul iiriHUH from an extoiiHioii of thu notliiH, which in paHHiii)^ holow tho principal iH directed HOMH^what inward iiiHtoad of outward, a sonu'what extraordinary feature; tho nodal arinoH from tho principal only an far hoyond tlu^ n^duH as tho n»o- dian orif^inatoH before it, or Hcarcoly more than oiuf-fifth » •;; to tho ptoro- Htij,Mna. The roticularion of tho upper half of tho winjf Ih mostly totra},'onal, nnd in the discoidal area very open, while in the lower half of tho wiiijf it is mostly pcMta^onal, and dense apically ; this results in part from tho yrvnt numhrf of interposed supplonxMitary sectors, of which there are several between tlie nltranodal and nodal sectors, and several between each of the followin;^ sectors as far as the upper sector of the triangle; the upper of these curv(f sonunvhat downward as the)' approa(di tl»e apical border. The postcostal area has at first two rows of cellules, but it expands rapidly below tho nodus, and then has throe and afterwards (n-on four ntws. The nodus is situatiMl at an unusual distance outward, indeed not vcfi/ far before the middle of tho wing (rather more than one-third tho distance from the base), and at a third of tho distance from the areulus to the ptorostigma. The petiole terminates at some distance before tho arctdus and is very slen- der. Th(» wing is rather full in the middle, ami tho api(;al half of the pos- terior border is very full, tho apex falling considerably above the middle of tho wing.
Those characters show the nearest alliance to Philogenia, but the genus differs strikingly from that in the pv^sition of tho nodus, its retreat below the principal sector, the character of the postcostal area, and in the great nund>er of the supplementary sectors, as well as in le.ss imp(»rtant charac- ters, such as the den.sity of the reticulation. It .seems indeed to be a verv aberrant member of the legion. As the members of this group are all tropical, aiul those to whi(di this is most nearly allied (as indeed two-thirds of the species) are from tho New World, this is an additional instance of neotropical alliaiu^es in the insect-fauna of our Tertiaries.
It is upon tho wing that I would establish this geiuis. Yet fragments of other parts of tho body occur with the wings, showing that the legs were
VOL XI u 9
IE
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130
TEKTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
probably long iiiid sleiulor, furnished with spine-like hairs as long- as the breadth of the femora. The abdomen was moderately slender, rather longer than the wings; its nintii and tenth segments a little enlarged in the $, the tenth half (?), or three qnarters ((j, as long as the ninth, and the eighth half as long again ( j), or twice as long (s), as the ninth, and a little more than half as long as the seventh. The anal appendages were as long as the tenth segment, rounded triangular (?) or (piadrate (().
The species of Dysagrion found at Green River may be separated by the characters drawn from the neuration of the wing in the following table :
Table of the specim of Dijsaijrion.
Pter(>8ti);uiik at loUHt four tiiii«N iih Ioii^; iih hroud ; i|iiu<lrilitt('ral longer tliiiii broad ; iiiiddlx of \\w nrea occupied by aupplumentiiry veins between the principal and Hubnodul sectorH lilled with (|uad- rilatcral cells. Pterustlgniu Hurnioniiting funr cells; qnadrilateral nearly as broad al base as at apex.
1). fredtricii. Pterostignia surmounting throe cells : quadrilateral nearly twice as broad at apex as at base.
•i. />. lake»ii.
Pterostignia only three times as long as broad; i|uadrilateral slightly broader than long; middle of the
area between the principal and subuodal sectors tilled with pentagonal cells., .'i. I), packardii.
1. DVSAGRION FKEUERICII. PI. 6, Figs. 2, 5, 6, y, 10, 14, 17.
Dyiagrion fredericii Scndd., Hull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, l>:t4-.'>;!7, 77.1 (1878).
Several specimens of various ptu'ts of the body with wings were found by Mr. F. C IJowditch and myself in the (Jreen liiver shales, in a railway cutting by tiie river bank beyond (Jreen IJiver sttition. The most important are a iiearK- perfect wing and its reverse, which preserve idl the important points of the neuration. A single antecubital appears to be present, nearer the nodus than the arciilus; the principal sector, like the short sef'.or (sec- tor brevis), l)ends .slightly npwiird just as it reaches the arculiis; the cel- lules in the discoidal area are half as broad again as long, yet the breadth of the wing is such that the broadest part of the postcf»stal space, between the nodus tind the middle of tiie wing, is more than half tis broiid as the rest of the wing tit that point. The (piadrilateral is sulxpiadiate, about half as long again as broad, its upper iind lower margins su))p!iriillel and its lower outer iingh' about sixty degrees; pttM'ostigma four times as long as broad, a little dilated, ol)li(jtie both within anil without, but especiallv pointed above on the outer sich;, touching the costiil margin throughout. The wing is wholly hyaline, excepting the infumated pter»»stigma, which is bordered by
IJJEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGIIIONINA.
131
thickened bliick veins, and surmounts four cellules at its lower margin ; the veins of the wing generally are testaceous; tliero are twenty i)Ostcubitals.
Length of the wing, SiJ'""; length of part beyond peduncle, 34""°; breadth, I)"""; distance from nodus to tip of wing, 23"""; from arculus to nodus, 8'""'; from nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 17"""; length of pterostigma, 3.5"'"'.
Another wing from the sauie beds with its reverse (Nos. 41(55, 4166) is very fragmentary, showing little besides the border of the apical half of the wing with the pterostigma, und most of the postcubital nervules. I have here considered it the hind wing of the same species, from its similar size, the exact resemblance of the pterostigma, which also surmounts four cel- lules, and the indication of a similar profusion of intei-calated supplementary nervules. It seems, however, not improbable that it may prove to be a second species of the same genus, from the great difference in form. The two borders of the outer half of the wing are nearly parallel, and the apex falls a little below the uiiddle. This difference, however, really concerns oidy the posterior curve A' the wing below the apex. The nodus is not preserved. Greatest breadth, 7.5'""'.
Considering the fraguients of heads, etc., referred to under the genus as belonging to this species, we liave to add Nos. 417!t, 4180, and 41S2 (besides No. 62 of Mr. Richardson's collection) as representing heads; Nos. 418 J, 4184, the united head, thorax, and base of wings; and Nos. 4170, 4173, 4174, 4177, 4178, as parts of the abdomen. The abdomen shows a slender, dorsal, pale stripe, distinct and moderately broad on the sixth to the eighth segments, scarcely reaching either border, and posteriorly ex- j)anding into a, small, round .spot ; and a faint dorsal line on the fourth and iiltii segments, interrupted just before the t'p. The appendages are simple.
Length of head (ac(!ording to ti>e mode of preservation), 4.0-4.5"""; breadth of same, 5.5"""; length of thorax, 5'""'; of pedicel of wing, 5"™; of abd»)men (probably 1'"'" should l)e added for a break at the base), 39""; length of segments 8 to 10, 6"""; breadtli of ninth segment, 2.75"™; of fffth segment, 2.1"""; estimated length of whole body, 55"'".
Xamed for my friend and fellow collector t)f Ureou River fossils, Mr. Frederick (J. Howditch, of Boston.
Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 4165 and 4166, 4167 and 4168, 15244, besides the parts of the body mentioned.
ii-
132
TERTIARY INSECIS OF NORTH AMERICA.
2. Dysagrion lakesii.
A nearly perfect wing and its reverse represent another species of this genus, vvhicli is more nearly allied to D. packardii than to I), fredericii, differing from the former principally in the form of the quadrilateral and the shape of the pterostignia, which, althongli as long as there, surmounts only three cellules. There are two antecubitals, one at, the other a little before, the arculus ; the base of the principal and short sectors is straight, the cellules in the discoidal area are much as in D. fredericii, the quadri- lateral is twice as long as its mean breadth, its basal margin half as long as its apical, and the vein forming the lower margin l)ent at a similar a ijle with the inferior vein of the triangle as in D. fredericii ; the nodus is placed at one-third tlie distance from the arculus to the i)terostigma. The wing is hyaline, excepting the fuliginous pterostignia, which is four times as long as broad, surmounts three cellules, and is bordered by thickunt u i/.ack veins; its outer margin is much more oblique than its inner ; there are nineteen postculiitals.
Probal)le length of wing, 35'""' ; length of part beyond jieduncle, 33""" ; breadth, 8""" ; distance from arculus to nodus, 8'""' ; from nodus to tip of wing, 22..')"'"'; from nodus to inner corner of pterostignia, 15.5™"; length of pterostignia, .3.75"'"'.
Named for Prof Arthur Lakes, of Colorado, my comjianion in explor- ing the fossil insect beds of the West.
Green River. One specimen. Dr. A. S Packard, Nos. 25!» and 260.
^ r i
3. Dysaorion packaruii. PI. 6, Figs. 1, ;j, 11.
Dytagrion packardii Scudil., Zittel, HaniMi. «1. raliiM)iit., I, ii, 77ti, Fig. 1)79 (isai).
Another species of this genus is represented by a nearly complete front wing, a fragment of a wing and its reverse, and liy a tolerably per- fect body i)resumal»ly belonging to it. Tiie wing agrees with that of D. fredericii in form and size, but differs in the following particulars: No ante- cubitals exist, except in the neighborhood of the arculus, one being present nearly half-way from it to the Itase and another may exist in tlu^ l)roken part of the wing just beyond the arculus; the base of the ja-incipal and short sectors is straight; the cellules in the discoidal area are, if anvthing,
ii
NEUltOPTERA— ODONATA— AGEIONINA.
133
slenderer than in that species ; the qii?.drilateral is of about equal lengtn and breadtii, its basal only a little more than half the length of its apical margin and the vein forming its lower margin bent at a much greater angle with the inferior vein of the triangle than in the preceding species ; the nodus is placed slightly beyond one third the distance from the arculus to the pterostigma, while in the preceding species it is placed, if anything, at less than one-third that distance ; the wing is hyaline, excepting the dusky pterostigma, which is about three times as long as broad, surmounts four cellules, and is bordered by thickened black veins ; there are nineteen postcubitals.
The body is slender, the legs slender, but not very long, armed with long hairs, ana the abdomen, which is considerably longer than the front wing, is viewed partly from the side and partly from above ; the superior male appendages are shorter than the tenth segment, quadrate, apparently of equal length and breadth, with a slightly projecting tooth at the inner tip directed inwards.
Length of entire body, 49""" ; head, 3"" ; thorax, 8.5°"" ; fore femora, 4.25""' ; middle femora, 5""" ; hind femora, G""" ; abdomen, 36™™ ; second joint, 3.5"'"' ; third, 5""™ ; fourth to sixth, each G""™ ; seventh, 4.6"'"' ; eighth, 'i.S'"™; ninth, 1.5™"'; tenth, 1.1™™; appendages, 0.6'"'" ; breadth of head, 4.5""' ; second to fifth abdominal segments (side view), 2.75™™ ; sixth and sevenih abdominal segments (top view), 1.75™™ ; eighth, 3™™ ; ninth, 2™™ ; tenth, 1.75™™ ; appendages, 0.6"'™ ; length of wing, 36.5™™ ; of part beyond peduncle, 34.5™™ ; breadth, 8.6 ; distance from arculus to nodus, 9™™ ; from nodus to tip of wing, 22.75'"™ ; from nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 16.75™™; length of pterostigma, 3™™.
Named for the world-known American entomologist. Dr. A. S. Pack- ard, of Brown University.
Green River. Three specimens. Dr. A. S. Packard, Nos. 146, 147, 252 and 253.
2. PODAGRION de Selys.
Tropical South America claims the half dozen known living species of this genus, most of which have been found in Colombia and Venezuela. The single species we refer here is somewhat imperfect but apparently be- longs here, and can certainly not be far removed from it, for it agrees with it in the character of the pterostigma and the supplementary sectors. Ex- cept this no fossil species have been found.
134
TERTIAUY IXSKCTS OF NORT / AMERICA.
u »■
PODAGRION AHORTIVUM.
PI. 6, Figs. 7, 8. Podagrion abortinm Scudil., Hull. U. 8. (iool. Ooogr. Siirv. Torr., IV, '7'>-77r> (1H78).
The specimen represents the apical part of a win<^ with fragnjents of the middle portion. The pterostigniu is a little more than twice as long as broad, and, altliough less oblique on the inner than on the outer aide, yet lies at an angle of forty-live degrees with the costal edge, and is therefore more oblirpie than usual in Podagrion ; its outer side is arcuate as well as very oblique, but in its entire ext«!nt the pterostigma scarcely surmounts two cellules; the outer side is nujch thicker than the inner, and thickens below as it passes gradually into the lower border, whicli, like the costal, is much thickened, and appears the more so from being independent of, although in conjunction with, the median ncrvure. IJeyond the pterostigma the ultra- nodal aj)proaches the principal nervure very closely, so that they are only half as far apart at the margin as below the jjterostigma ; there are two sup- plementary sectors, one between the ultranodal and the nodal, arising below the outer half of the pterostigma, the otiier between the nodal and subnodal, arising slightly farther back ; botli of these supplementary sectors are straight, but the nodal is slightly undulated after the origin of the supple- mentary sectors ; all the other veins, excepting the extreme tip of the prin- cipal, are straight, and the reticulation tetragonal. The wing appears to be hy.iline throughout, the ])terostignia very slightly infumated, the nervures fusco-castaneous, those about the pterostigma deepening nearly to black. Apically the wing is well rounded, its ape\ falling in the middle and not at all produced. A species is indicated of about the size of P. macropus Sel.
Length of pterostigma along costal edge, I..'*"""; of same from inner lower angle to outer upper angle, 2.1'"'"; breadth of pterostigma, O.G.O'"'"; of wing in middle of apical half, 5.5""".
Green River. One specimen, No. 4169.
:}. LITHAGRION gon. nov. (^Xi'Oo?, Agrion).
Subnodal sector originating from the nodus, the median a little more than one cellule previous to it, the nodal at a little less than one-third the distance from the nodus to the pterostigma : the latter is stout, dilated, sur- mounts about five cellules, its inner border a little obliijue, its outer slightly
NEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA.
135
oblique in tlie same sense. Reticulation dense, mostly tetragonal except- ing in the region of the supplementary sectors of which there are two be- tween each pair of sectors from the ultranodal to the short sector, excepting in the interspace between the subnodal and tlie median ; none excepting the upper ones are curved, and there is also a single very brief one between the short sector and tlie superior sector of the triangle Postcostal space simple or nearly so, the inferior sector forming it extending beyond the mid- dle of the wing but not reaching the border. Wings enlarging considerably towards the middle, strongly petiolate nearly to the base of the quadrilateral; this is several times longer than broad, enlarging slightly away from the base, the lower side from a fourth to a third longer than the upper. Nodus situated about one-third the distance from the base to the pterostigma.
This genus is closely allied to Philogeniaand Podagrion, the subnodal and median sectors having a similar origin, but it is clearly distinct from either; it differs from the former in the structure of the pterostigma, which nowhere departs from the costal margin, in the straightnesr^ of the supple- mentary sectors, the obliquity of the apex of the quadrilateral, the greater distance of the nodus from the base of the wing and the less petiolated nnd more broadly expanded form of the wing. In the number and position of the supplementary sectors, however, it closely resembles it. From Pod- agrion it differs in the earlier departure of the nodal from the principal vein, the larger number of cellules below the pterostigma, the much greater nuniber of supplementary sectors, and the more bro.idly expanded wing; it resembles it rather than Philogenia in the structure of the pterostigma, the petiolation of the wing, and the position of the nodus. It differs even more from Dysagrion, which I have placed in the same group, than from either of these two recent genera. Two species have been discovered, both from Florissant.
Table of the speeiet of Uthagrion.
Wings clear ; poHtciibitaU finv I L. hiialimim.
Winf^ii clouded except at basu and apex; pnstcnbitals luiincroiiH 2. L. umbratum.
I. LiTHAGRION HYALINUM.
PI. 13, Fig. 4.
A pair of wings, barely overlapping at the postcostal margin and with the tips broken beyond the middle of the pterostigma, but otherwise in admirable preservation, represent this species; they appear to be upper wings.
136
TEUTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
The wiri<»8 are liyaline and are petiolated up to the base of the quad- rihiteral or some distance be3'ond tl»e first i)ostco8tal nervule. intranodal sector oriyinatinjjf from a cross vein midway between the nodus and the pterosti<»-nia, its course reguhir and not zigzag- througliout its extent ; inferior sector of the triangle straight to near its tip, where it bends a little upward, running parallel to the margin and terminating in a cross vein, a little irregular near the tip. Pterostigina dark chocolate brown, the bordering veins thickened and black ; being broken its form can not be positively stated, but it appears to be nearly four times as long as its median width and considerably expaiided on the under surface, probably surmounting four or fiive cellules; quadrilateral more than four times its breadth at base, its lower side half as long again as the uj)per, the outer side very oblicpie. Nodus rather more than one-third the distance from the base to the ptero- stigina ; sixteen postcubitals. Wings rather slenderer than in L. umbratum.
Probable length of wing, 33""" ; breadth, 6.()""" ; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 17""'"; from nodus to base. 11.5"""; breadth of wing in middle of petiolated portion, 1.3""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 8619.
I hi E
2. LlTHAGRION UMBRATUM. PI. 13, Figs. 12, 14.
Two specii^'^ns, one a complete vving, the other lacking only the extreme base and an insignificant fraction of the apical margin, represent this species. Both appear to be u])per wings.
The wings are hyaline at base and tip, faintly or distinctly clouded on the disk, the clouded portion having distinct lines of separation from the hyaline area; the iinier line is straight and transverse, crossing the wing from the second jmstcubital veiidet ; the outer line is bent or curved some- what, subparallel to the apical margin, and runs fron> the middle of the j)terostigma to a little beyond the apex of the short sector, bending on the nodal sector. The wings are petiolated very nearly up to the first postcostal nervule, which is placed shortly Itefore the base of the quadrilateral. Ultra- nodal sector originating from a cro.ss vein a little distance be ondthe nodal and shortly before a point midway between the nodus and pterostigma; its course is more or less zigzag at its origin and again in the middle, but is uiostly simple ; inferior sector of the triangle straight in its basal half,
NEUROPTERA— ODONATA-AGRIONINA.
137
beyond more or lesa irregular, increasingly so towards its apex, where it bends upward so as more gradually to approach the border, and finally ends close to the superior sector of the triangle in a cross vein ; many of the cellules in the apical half of the postcostal space are broken by cross veins forming a broken supplementary sector here, and the same thing occurs feebly in the interspace above. Pterostigma scarcely more infumated than the disk of the wing, expanding slightly in the middle, about four times as long as broad, surmounting five to six cellules. Quadrilateral very slender, five or six times as long as its basal breadth, its lower about one-fourth longer than its upper side, its outer side oblique. Nodus rather more than one-third way from the base to the pterostigma ; twenty-seven postcubitals. Wings rather stouter than in L. hyalinum.
Length of wing, 34.5'""' ; breadth in middle, 8.5""'" ; in middle of petiole, LS""; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 18"'"*; from nodus to base, 10.5™"'.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6927, 8163.
Legion AGRION de Selys.
All the fossil species of this group, both in Europe and America, have been referred to the genus Agrion, which is by far the richest of its mem- bers at the present day.
AGRION Fabricius.
This genus, in recent times one of the largest and most cosmopolitan of the legion to which it belongs, is I'epresented in the rocks by a single species in Europe, A. aglaope Heer from Oeningen, and the two species from America here described. Besides these a single inmiature species has been found in Europe (Oeningen) and another in America (Florissant), which are placed in this group as typical of the Agrionina.
Tiie genus is, as stated, cosmopolitan, but its richest representation is in the tropics, and in the northern hemisphere at least it is more richly de- veloped in the New World. The two species here described from wings are not sufficiently perfect to decide into what subgenus they will fall, but they are certainly closely related to each other and appear to be most nearly allied to Amphiagrion or else to Pyrrhosoma or Erythromma,
i
\m 1
m \
.1
:»
111
138
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
The American fosHil species of Agrion which are represented by their winga may be separated as foUows :
Table of Iht ipecieii of Agrion,
Four niitoiimlal celliiloB below thti hIiuH Hector; niitenodal portion of the eonta ocarcely arched,
1. A. maticetceni. Three auteoodal celliileii below the abort sector ; anteiiodal portlou of the costa Dotlceably archnl.
'i. A. tXHulariii.
1. AOKION MA8CE8CEN8. PI. 13, Pigs. 8, 9.
This species is roprosonted by a pretty well preserved specimen and its reverse showing most of the body, a part of tlie legs and the wings, but tlie latter confused by the overlying of those of one side upon those of the other. The head is preserved only enough to show its form, which has nothing j)eculiar, and the same may be said of tl.o thorax. Seven joints of the slemler abdomen are preserved, the second of which indicates that the specimen is a male. The head and thorax with the legs are black, but the abdomen is colorless: the legs are doubled up, the femora about as long as the breadth of the head, and the tibial spines, of whic'.i there are seven or eight in a row, are a little shorter than the interspaces between adjacent ones The wings are scarcely depressed at the nodus, the antenodal por- tion of the costal margin almost straight, hyaline with black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, alike on ooth wings, the only difference being in a slightly greater obliquity of the outer and inner margins (and especially of the outer) and the slightly shorter lower margin in the front wing ; very pale fuliginous, fading out towards the margins, margined with heavy blackish veins, surmounting a single cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates far before the basal postcostal norvule, which is situated slightly nearer the second than the first antecubital nervule. The an-ulus is directly beneath the second antecubital nervule. There are apparently eleven jjostcubitals on the fore wing and there are ten on the hind wing. Quadrilateral of the fore wings with the inner and upper side of similar length and half as long as the lower side ; on the hind wings the inner side is consideraljly shorter than the upper, and the latter nearly three-fifths the length of the lower ; four antenodal cellules below the siiort sector ; the petiolation begins unusually near the base of the wing or considerably l>efore the first antecubital nervure. The nodal orig-
ft !
NEUROPTERA -ODONATA— AGBIONINA.
139
inateB rather less than half-way from the nodus to the pterostignm ; the sub- nodal terminHtes quite beyond the extreme tip of the ptorostigma, the median below its tip, the short sector, whicli ends in a zigzag course, before the ptorostigma and below the origin of the ultranodal ; the superior sector of the triangle, whicli is straight to the tip, midway between the origin of the nodal and the pterostigma ; and the inferior sector of the triangle, which becomes zigzag a little beyond the nodus, terminates a little before the last.
Length of wings, 21.3""'; breadth, 4.6"'"'; distance from nodus to base, 7.25"""'; toarculus, 3 4'"™; to center of pterostigma, riiV""'; breadth of head, 3.5'""'; diameter of eyes, 1.25™"'; length of thorax, 5'""'; of femora, 3™™; of tibial spines, 0.25™™; of abdomen (seven joints), 24.5™™; of first joint, O.G"'™; second, 1.8™™; third, 4.4™™; fourth, 6™™; fifth, 4.6™™; sixth, 4.6™"; seventh, 3.4"'™; width of last, 1.2"™.
While the venation of the wing proves that this insect belongs in the legion Agrion, the unusually short petiolation of the wing shows that it can not be referred to Telebasis, and the short spines of the tibiic that it can not be an Argia. To which of the numerous subgenera of Agrion it should be referred can not be determined at present, but from the apparent want of postocular spots and the early origin of the inferior sector of the triangle it would appear to be most nejitly allied to Ampliiagrion or else to Pyrrho- soma or fi^rythromma. If to tiie former its affinities are with tropical American forms ; if to the latter witii temperate forms of either hemisphere
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6824, 7158.
2. Agrion exsulabis. PI. 13, Fiff. 0.
A single nearly perfect wing differs so slightly from A. masceacens that it would appear to belong to the same restricted genus, although from our ignorance of the length of its tibial spines it might be considered an Argia. The wing, which is apparently an upper one, is a little depressed at the nodus, the antenodal portion of the costal margin being somewhat arched, hyaline with black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, the outer and inner margins considerably oblique, the outer perhaps the more so, fuliginous, margined, especially within, with heavy black veins, surmounting rather more than one cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates before the basal postcostal nerv-
140
TKKTIARY INSKCT8 OF NORTH AMKRICA.
.3 !
F I
ulu orjuHt beiieuth tlio lirst iinti'ciibital ; tlio petiolutiuii lilicvetoro bojjfiiiH at thirt point; tliu busiil postcoital lii'H midway betwuun thu two'aiitucubitalH; tljo arciihiM i» (liivrtiy Itciu'atli the socoiid aiitcciibital norvrilo ; thuro aro olt'veii postculiitals : <|iia(h'ibitcral witli its iiiiuT sido scarcidy shortor tban its upptT, tbe lattiT bait' as Ion;;' as tbo lowoi side; tlireo unteiiodal I'uUult's below tlio rtliort Hoctor. Tlio iiltranodal ori^'iiiati's oidy two cellules betbro the pteroHtij^nia ; tlie nodal at scarcely less than lialf-way t'roin tlie nodus to the pterostif^nia; the subnodal tenninates just below the tip of the ptero- stifjfnia, the median beK>\v its middle ; the short sector, which has a zij^zajf course in the outer tV)urth of the wing, tcrmiiuites apj)arently below the base of the pterosti.<j;ina or scarcely short of it.
Length of wing, 21.(i5""" (the extreme base is not re))resented in the plate, altliough part of it is preserved) ; breadth, 4.35""" ; distance from nodus to base, 7.(ia""" ; to arculus, S.f)""" ; to center of pterostignui, 12.5""".
This species diH'ers from the preceding principally in the longer petio- ktion of the wing, the arching of the ba.se of the costa, the number of ante- nodal cellules beyond the (puidrilateral, and the more apical termination of the upper sectors.
Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. 814(!.
AciRION TKLLURI8.
PI. 13, Fit;. 10.
Two nymphs, evidently belonging to the same 8})ecies, have been found, and, iconsidering the impossibility of determining to which, if any, of the species of Agrionina found in the perfect state they belong, they are treated as distinct, following the precedent set by Heer, and followed by others. The head is full, well rounded in front, .scjuarely truncate and a little angu- lated behind, about half as broad again as long, scarcely broader than the thorax ; the anteuuie, or such parts as an; preserved, are very slender, a little shorter than the head, the basal joint twice as stout, about twice as long as broad. Tiie legs are very long and slender, especially the hinder pair, which would reach to the base of the ante|)eindtiniate abdominal joint ; the fi.'inora are narrowly and ecpiidistantly four times barred with dark bands, the extreme bands at base and apex ; the tibiae are less than half as broad as the femora and have a l»roader median dusky band. The dark wing pads are long and slender, twice as long as the width of the al)domen, and less
NRUROPTRRA— OnONATA— .ESCnNINA.
141
than Imlf UH broad, nearly roacliiiiff the oxtroinity of the third abdominal H(.'}fin<*nt. Tlio alxlonien Ih o(|ual, Hcarcoly tapc.iii}^ a|)i(rally, tho joints twiiio m iiroad an lonf'', ontire, notoxeoptiiifftholi...:. T\ui < audal flajw or tra<dioal ptids an; consithM'iihly moru than half an loii<r as tho alxlomon, tho middle on(!, Hho\vin<( on tho loft in Kijf. 10, lonjf, wlondor, fuHiforni, pointed apically, larj^'cHt a littlo boyond the middle ; tho latoral pair are nuich larjjfor and asynnnotrical, the inner flanj^o, or tho portion of tho tracheal pad lyinjf within tho median rod, Iwing Huboqual, but broadest just before tho tip, as broad throuffhont as tho broadest part of (»no flan<^o of the median flap; the outer flanj^o j^radually oxpandinjjf with a slight convexity from the iso to a little beyond tho middle, where it is twice as broad as the opposite flange, and then tapering rapidly, regularly, and with a scarcely i)orcoptible con- cavity, to tho tip of tho median rod ; the edges of tlu) pads are delicately denticulate, distantly on the expanding basal portions, more densely on the apical tapering parts and especially on tho outer edges of the lateral i)ads, the denticulations, like the median ribs, being black.
Length of body (excluding terminal flaps), 21"'™; of front femora, 3.2r)""" ; middle femora, 3.2')""" ; hind femora, 5""" ; hind tibijc, 6.2r»"'"' ; hind tarsi, 2 '2h""" ; wing pads, GJ}""" ; breadth of head, 3.5""" ; thorax, 3"'"' ; base of abdomen, 2.0;')""" ; tip of same, 2.1""" ; length of ternnnal flaps, T.f)""" ; l)readth of lateral flaps, 2"'"'.
In the present state of our knowledge of the larvae of Agrionidic it is impossible to indicate with any certainty the position of this nymph. The absence of any sign of the mask, too, will remain a difficulty when we aro more faniiliar with the living forms, but the small size of the head and the shape of the antenuic and caudal flaps will afford good points for comparison.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos, 13525, 14174.
Tribe .^SCHNINA Hagen.
This group of larger Odonata seems to have been less richly endowed with species and gencni than tho other families both in past times and at present. The most recent study of the group by de Selys, which has just ap])eared, dividi^s the -d^schnidie proper into five genera and twenty-three subgenera, of which ^Eschna, with more than half the subgenera, embraces more than half the one hundred and fifty known recent species and is cos- mopolitan. It also embraces all the known fossils from the Tertiaries,
^' ♦
142
TERTIARY IVSKCTH OF NOIITII AMKRirA.
excpptinjf onn from UjkIoIx)), mi Amix, i'lvM. doHcrilxMl uh ^KHclina nictiH by Hoor. Foiii' t'nnn\\ M|)(t(iit'H iiro known from tlio ( )I<1 World und two aro lu>ro diwrilxMl from tlio Now. Of tlioOld World typnH ono is niondy muntioiicd by IIji<,''('m an found in amix'r and in n^prasontod «)nly by tho tip of a winjf. A HiH-ond, from lionxMnouth in Kn^^land, lias Ixu'U ti;^iii-od by (Josh witliout a namo. It appears to bolon;;; to tbo snb^onu8 Hasiicschna, but, an it in ('cr- tainly incorrm'tly drawn in Homo particulars, it may bo in tlios(>, sucli as tho simplitMty of tlm subnoda! sector, upon wliicli this suj^j^estion is based. The other two, .Eschna polydoro and vE. tyche from Oeningen, were descril)ed nearly thirty-five years ago by Ileor, and aro certainly very closely allied, though distinct, as Ilcr pointed out. They seem to belong pretty c(»r- taiidy to /Eschna s. s., and are apjiio'ently not far removed fn)m tlui Knropeaii .E. mi.xta liatr., as I judge from direct comparisons with the eiitini h^^eries referred by do Selys to ..E.schna s. s., which I have had the opportunity of studying in tho C'aml)ridgo Musenuj thntugh the favor of Dr. Ilagen. Ileer also directly compares the former to that species, as I subse(pu;ntly noted. Our independently formed opinions have therefore completely coin- cided. These two species are also very nearly allied to or ' the Anieri- cnn forms, which, however, moro closely resembles a coi American
species, ^E. constricta Say. Tho other American fossil belongs to liasia*- schnn. The resemblance of the Tertiary icschnid fauna of Europe and America appears therefore to have boon tolerably close. (September, 1883.)
.I-^SC'HXA Fabricius.
All the fossil .Eschniija known, excepting one (an Anax), belong to ..Eschua, two European and one American to ^Eschna proper, and one from each country to Hasia>scluia '
The species of .Eschna from Florissant known by their wings may bo separated thus :
Tahlf of Ihi HiihgcKrra of .I\Hchna.
Siil)ii<Mlal M'l't^ir rmkcil, Iin iipiHT i'ork Hepuriitoil rriiiii tint iioiitl Ity it Hiii);l<t row of »(<IU; iitt>r«Htii(iiia liiinUy iiioic lliuii tlin-r tiiiii's uh Ion;; in lirimil anil inily oiKt-l'iiiirtli uh ion;; iin tliu h|iiicu lictwi'ttii it itnil tliK iiihIiih t. ./'.'nvAnii *. h,
Siiliiimliil Hi'ctiir Hiiii|ili<, N<!|iiirittiMl i'roiii tlin iiodttl liy timw rows of vflU; |it<iriiNliKiiiit four or llvo tiiiivH u8 Ion;; uh biiiuil, iniiru tliun onu-llilril liH luu|{ uh the ii|)acu betwuvii it uiiil tliu iioilnN.
'J. Huninchim,
' Vulo aiipra.
NBUR(>I»TKRA— ODONATA— .K8CIININA.
143
1. Hubj(enu8 .(Ehciina Solyn.
TtiU f^i'oiip of tlio ffoittiH vKrtoliiia in ii c(>Hino|)<)litnii one, iitid iiu'.ltidoH ft lar^for proiiortion of the Hpntiit^s timii iiiiy otimr. To it lutlonj,'' two Kiiro|Kuin and oiio Aiiioi'icaii fonHil MjiocitJH, all idoHoly allio<I, but tlio Kiifopuiin more noarly rulatud to an uxintiiig Kiiropouii spbciott, M. mixta, tlio American to an uxititing Aniurican spocioH, M. constricta, than to any othurH.
iEsCHNA (J'jHCHNA) 80M1)A.
PI. 13, FiK. 1.
A remarkably well preserved front win;^, the extreme base only loHt Win}f of rather Hmall Hize and rather slender, tlui middle line of the basal half l)ent at a slij^ht an^yle with that of the apical half; tip of tli winjf uni- forndy rounded ; nodulus altove the principal se«'tor stronj^ly ami rather rej^ularly curved, much neanir the pterostij^ina than the base ; nodal sector cur\ ijd rather gently upward in the mi(hlle jjortion of its course but termi- nniiiiy some distance below tlu^ apex of the winj^; subnodal sect(»r forked widely a little before the pterostigma, the ujjper fork turning abruptly upward at its origin ; the intercalated sector between the subnodal and median forked below the base of the pterostigma, its upper fork also curved upward and separated at tip from the lower fork of the subnodal by only a single row of cells, as usual ; median and thort sectors separated in the apical half (or less) by a doul)le row of colls in tlu* discoidal field below the triangle, first two, then three, and afterwards four or five rows C' tolls irreg- ularly dis])osed. Pterostigma scarcely four times as long as broad, the inner and outer margins very oblicpie and parallel; color blackish castane- ous, the bordering veins black. Ante('ul)itals more than twenty-two (prob- ably about twenty-five), postcubitals fifteen.
Length of wing more than 41""" (probably 44""°); breadth, 10.5"'"; dis tance from nodulus to base of pteiostigma, 15""" ; length of pterostigma, 4""".
"^riiis species plainly l)el')ngs to the subgenus ..Eschna. Hy favor of Dr. Ilagen I have compared it directly with all the species referred by Selys to that grou|), excepting a couple of rare forms, and unquestionably it is most closely allied to M. constricta, though closely resembling ^E. marchali. Indeed, the resemblance to ^E. constricta is closer than I have yet foiuid between any well preserved Florissant insect and any living
I I
^1 1'
«, t
%' !■
144
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA,
typp ; it agrees better with it than JE. constricta does with any other living form. The nodal sector of JE. solida is not so strongly curved as in M. ccinstiicta, and the pterostignia of ilie fossil is slightly longer ; these are the moct important distinctions that were noted. Florissant. One specimen, No. 8347.
2. Subgenus Hasi/ESchna Selys.
As was stated in the general remarks under ^Eschnina, Goss's unnamed iEschiiid from Bornemouth, England, probably belongs to thin group ; an interesting fact since, so far as I know, it is exclusively an American group, and one of our own fossils fjills therein. It is the only subgenus of iEschna besides ^Eschna proper which is known in a fossil ftat\
VESCHNA (BaSLESCHNA) SEPARATA. PI. 13, Fig. 15.
A comjdete front wing and its reverse broken near the course of the median sector and the part below crowded up against the upper portion, so as to confuse the parts next the line of fracture.
The wing is of rather small size, rather slender and straight ; the tip is slightly angulated rather below tlie middle of the wing; noduhis placed at almost two-thirds the distance from the base to the pterostigma, scarcely directed backwaid above the siibcostal, below that straight, directed some- what forward and reaching the subnodal ; nodal sector curved rather strongly and somewhat raj)idly upwanl in the middle part of its course, terminating a little distance below the tip of the wing; subnodal sector simple and beyond the ba.se of the pterostigmu subparallel to tlie nodal ; the intercalated .sector between the subnodal and the median sim{)le, but CTU'ved in the cciirse of what woidd be the superior foi-k if it were branched, and oven more strongly curved than in yEschna solida ; median and short sectors separated apically by a double row of cells, but to how far from the margin can not be seen; in the discoidal field below the tri- angle tliere are at first two, then tlu'ee, and afterwards four or five rows of cells, the last*arraiiged in .somewliat ol).sciu"e oblique scries. Pterostigma five times as long as broad, botii outer and iinicr margin very oblifpie, but the outer much more so flian tlie inner; the color uniform pale clay brown, but the thickened ijorderinj,' veins black. Antecubitals twenty-three, post- cubitals thirteen.
\
NEUliOPTERA— ODONATA— LIBELLULINA.
145
Length of mr\g, 44"""; breadtli, 10.2"'"'; distance from base to nodulus, 21.5""'; from nodnlus to base of pterostigma, 13.2'""'; length of pteic- stigma, '}""".
This species diifers from M. solida in its more pointed tip, straighter foi'm, simple subnodal .sector, which is separated from the nodal by three rows instead of one row of cells, and by the greater approximation of the nodulus to the pterostigma as well as by the greater length of the latter.
It is very closely related to xEsciina janata Say, which Selys makes tlie typo of his liasia^schna. The nodal sector has precisely the same curve just before the pterostigma, and it differs mainly in the more arcuate tip of the principal nervule intercalated between the subnodal and median sectors.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8164 and 11693.
iEsCHNA LARVATA. PI. 13, Fig. 11.
A single specimen of a larva has been found belonging to this genus and not improbal)ly belonging to one of the species described ; but as this can not from the nature of the case be detei'mined it will be best to give it a distinct name for ready reference. Tiie front half of the body is rather obscure, but the outline shows the form with sufficient distinctness. The body is Ifiv-rest in the middle of the abdomen, scarcely deoieasing in size anteriorly, ')'it posteriorly narrowing somewhat rapid'.y beyond the fourth al)doniinai segment; the outer edges of the posterior borders of the seg- ments are not ])rodnced ; the three anal valves are distinctly seen, are very slender and finely pointed ; one of the legs is preserved, showing that it is slender and of the usual form.
Length of body, ;!4.r)"'"'r breadth in middle of al»domen, 7.5"'"'; at base of abdomen, (i""" : at base of anal valves, 2.5'"'": length of latter, ;i25'"'"; of fenuxr of hind (?) leg, (i"""; of tibia, 4.5'"'"; of tarsi, 4.25""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1816.
Tribe LIBELLULINA Hagen.
A small number of species of this tribe occur in the European Ter-
tiaries.
VOL xni K) ' '
1 I
I 1;
I
5
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i _ 1 |
146
TKUTIAUY INSIiCTS OF NOUTU AMEIUCA.
LlHKLLIIKA HJ).
PI. <}, Fifts. 4, H(.
(Libfllulina) Sciuld., Hull., V. S. (icol. (Icogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 77;". (1878).
Fragments of an abdomen in obverse and reverse are probably to be referred to Libelhda «>nly in the brftadest possible sense, but they are insufK- cient to give further determination. They evidently represent four or five of the terminal segments of the body, there being first three segments of e(pial breadth and a similar length, a lltth^ longer than liroad, with a slight median carina; and then three others without a median carina and with continually decreasing length, the first of them (probably the eighth seg- ment) lialf as long as the preceding, but of the same width ; the next half as long as the one which precedes it, but narrower, and the last still narrowei- (but imperfect).
Length of the fragment, 20""'; of its third (seventh f abdominal) seg- ment, 4.5"""; breadth of same, 3 5.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No.s. 4175 and 4176.
Suborder PLANIPENNIA Burmeister.
The colle.'tions obtained at Florissant enibra(!e eight genera and thir- teen species of planipennian Neuroptera. All of the species and four of the genera are new, and belong to four families. The Kaphidiida- are the most numerous, embracing Kaphidia, with a single species, and Inocellia with tour ; the species referred to IJaphidia hardly belongs to it in a strict sen.se, since tlie costal vein is excessively short, there are no costal veinlets, and the sectors do not origiiuite obliquely from the radius, but more indirectly by transverse veins ; all the species of Inocellia, which fall into two sections, differ from living types and also from the species found in Oligocene amber of the Baltic in having no transverse series of regular discoidal areoles be- low the pterostignia. A single species of Osmylus repre.sents tlui Henu!- robida', and differs from living forms, as does ulsit the auklter species, in the simple cliara(!ter of the costal nervules, the much smaller number of sectors, and the limited supply of cross-veins in the basal half of the wing, giving this region a verv different appearance from its rather close reticulation in
It may here be notiicd that a
s a verv jjeiieral rule tne neu-
th
modern types.
ration of the winij- is much closer in moch-rii I'lanineiuiia than in their Tei
tiary representatives.
NEUEOPTERA— PLANJ PENNIA.
147
l''here are four species of Chrysopida;, referable to two genera, eacli of them extinct; Chrysopidft liave not before been recognized in Tertiary strata, the single species poorly figured by Andrii, and never carefully studied, being much more probably one of the Ilemerobidra, These two genera, called Pahvochrysa and Tribochrysa, are allied to the living Nothochrysa, but differ from modern types in the zigzag course of the upper cubital vein, and in its direction, which is through the middle of the wing, as well as by the smaller number of sectors and the entire absence of any transverse series of grado.te veinlets ; Paheochrysa is represented by a single species, Tribochrysa by three, and the genera differ from each other in the course of the upper cubital vein, which in Palseochrysa is direct and bordered by comparatively uniform cells, while in Tribochrysa it is doubly bent in tin middle, and is therefore bordered by very unequal cells. Two species of Panorpida? have been found, one of which is referable to a new genus, IIol- corpa, which differs from Panorpa in the entire absence of cross-veins, and is remarkable for the spots on the wings. All these liave been discovered at Florissant only. No planipennian Neuroptera liave been found in the Green River shales, but the Tertiary beds of liritish Columbia have fur- nished a single species of Ilemerobida^ belonging to an extinct genus allied to Micromus, and wliich T have called Bothromicromus ; and we have re- mains of one of the Sialidai from beds of Laramie age in Colorado, which is introduced hero.
The numl)er of species of Tertiary Planipennia is nearly doubled by the discoveries already made in the American Tertiaries, but the families, and es- pecially the genera, are very differently represented on the two continents ; thus the Rapliidiida' have in Europe only one species of Inocellia, while, on the otlier liand, the Ileraerobida' show one or more species each of Nymphes, Sisyra, Hemoi-obius, and Osmylus. The Chrysopidjip, as stated, are unrepresented, although two species are known from the Jura. The Pant>rpida' have one species of Panorpa and tlu-ee of Bittacus. while there are also two spcn^ies of Ascalaphus and one each of Myrmeleon, Chau- liodes, and Coniopteryx, belonging to families not found fossil in this coun- try. (September, 1S83.)
t ;:
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II
148
TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Family SIALINA Leach.
This family is composed ot' two groups, each represented in our rocks. As tliey ditl'er somewhat remarkably in history and distribution, such gen- eral remarks as can be made will appear in contrasting the statements which follow under each.
Subfamily SIALID/E Stepheuss.
The Sialidie are evidently an expiring type. A considerable number of Paleozoic forms have l)een referred, with more or less reason, to it or its vicinity, and certainly the resemblance of its modern genera to tlie bulk of the ancient neuropteroid types is greater than can be affirmed of any other modern group. Yet even in the Mesozoic period we know of comparati\ely few examples; TIagen refers an undescribeds])eciesfrom the Jura toC^ory- dahis; Westwood figures a Sialium from the Purbecks, and the species given here, belonging to the disputed Laramie beds, is known only by its egg- masses ; I have also shown that the larval Mormolucoides articulatus Hitchc. from the Connecticut River sandstones is to be regarded as a sialid. In Tertiary times, where the number of insects known is vastly increased, we find no greater representation. One species only, Chauliodes prisca, from the amber, is well known ; Gravenhorst and Burmeister spcik of a Semblis from amber, which may bo the same as Ilagen's, above mentioned ; and an insect's leg from Rott has been doubtfully referred here. No si)ecies of this group has been found in the American Tertiaries. So too we find the exist- ing species very meager as compared with other families of Neuroptera ; but that some existed in American Tertiaries can. not be doul>ted by any who win compare our huge living Corydaltis with the still more gigantic Corydalites from the Laramie beds. (September, 1883.)
CORYDALITES Scudder.
CorydaUlm .Sciidil.r, Bull. {'. .<?. P.ool. (Jcojir. Snrv. Torr., IV, ,j:!7 (1S78).
The egg-niassos thus named were described by me in 1.S7S, but it was not until the publication of a figureof oneof them in Zittel's Ilandbuch der Pala'ontologie, in 1885, that their existence in beds of (piite similar age in Kurojje was recognized. On this point I may quote from a letter written me by the Marquis de Saporta in May, 188G :
1l
It'. ■*. ?'
' <;
NEUROPTEKA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA.
149
II m'a 8u£B de jeter lea youx sur votro figure 981 pour rcconnaitre l'i(lentit<S par- faiteduvotreCoryilaliteafecimduiD avec dcs corpa fossilea, ayauf mfime aspect et m^ine coinpoHition qui out 6t6 reuueillis en aasez bon nombre et par/aitetiient (ionsarv^a dans notre terrains il lignites de Fuveau pies d'Aix, et justemeut ees lignites sout uiaiute- nnnt rapportes uuiversel lenient nu Garuinnien inferieur, et meme plus bas au Cam- panien, c'est it, dire, iY I'borizon de la craie supdrieure. II est done trds int^ressant de constater la presence de ces uids ou nkuiious d'ceufs de Gorydalis, au mfime uiveau, en Europe coinmc en Anierique et probablemeut dans les lufiines conditions de ddp6t. Lea Gorydalites fecunduin ont ete reeueillis h Treta pres de Fuveau dana les lits char- bonneux exploitds, ou ils ae trouvent nssoci<3s i\ des feuilles de Nelumbium. II est ii^^uie visible que ces Nelumbiuni ont v6cu aur place et les Gorydalites ont dn vivre cdte i\ c6te et placer leara leufa dans des inemes lieux.
COKYDALITES FECUNDUM, PI. 4, Figs. 5-7, 1.V16, 18-21, 23.
Corydalitcs fecundum Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Torr., IV, 5:i7-540 (1878); in Zittel, Handb. Pahvout., I, II, 77C, Figs. 981a, b (1885) ; White, Rep. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., XI, 173-174
(1879).
Under this name I have classed an insect which laid some remavkable egg-masaes, obtained in immhers by Dr. C. A. White, at Crow Creek, fifteen miles northeast of Greeley, Colorado, in lignitie Ijeds of the Laramie group. 'I'hese egg-masses are five centimeters in length by nearly two in breadtli and one in height, nearly equal throughout, rounded and sliglitl}' pointed at the tijis, and of a dirty yellowish brown. Tliey are estimated to contain each about two thousand eggs definitely arranged, and coated with a cov- I'ing of Vrliat was presumably albuminous matter, which also surrounds each egg. The close general resemblaiu-e of these eggs and of their clus- tering to that of the eggs referred by Mr. C V. Riley to the neuropterous genus Corydalus' leave little doubt concerning their probable affinities. j\Ir. Riley's description is as follows :
Tbe egginass of Corydalus cornutus is either brofidly oval, circular, or (more excep- tionally) even pyriforni in circunifereuce, flat on tbe attached side, and plano-convex [broadly convex is doubtless incantj on the exposed side. It averages 21""» iu length, and is covered with a white or creani colored albutninous secretion, which is gener- ally splashed around the mass on the leaf or other object of attachment. It contains from two to three thousand eggs, each of which (PI. 4, Figs. 17, 22) is 1.3""" long and about one third as wide [he figures them of a slenderer form], ellipsoidal, trauslucent, sordid white, with a delicate shell, and surrounded and separated from the adjoining eggs by a thin layer of the same white albuminous material which covers the whole. The outer layer forms a compact arch, with the anterior ends pointing inwards, and
' It ban beeu Hiiggostud that these may belou^ rather to CliaulioileH, a cloncly allied genus of Nenroptera ; but Mr. Kilcy duclares that they are identical with these found in tlie body of Corydalus,
150
TERTIARY INSKOTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
the i)08terior uiuls Hhowiug like t'tiiut (lota tliruugli the whito uoveriug. Tliost^ of the inurginal row lie Hat ou the attached surface ; the others (trmliially diverge outwardly, 80 that the ceutral ones are at right augles with said object. Beneath this vaulted layer the rest lie on a ]>lane with the leaf, those touching it in concentric rows, the rest packed in irregularly.'
In the tb.ssil ootliecji the mass is much hvrgor and more ohmgated, and possensoa Ites'uU's one characteristic in which it difiers strikingly from tliat of Corydahis (and on whicli account particuhirl}' 1 have used a new generic appelhition), viz, the division of its mass into two hmgitudinal and equal lialves by an albuminous wall, or ratlior by double albuminous walls, which mry be parted above, leaving as the only connection between the two halves their common albuminous floor. There are indeed a few specimens which show no sign of this division, Ijut a median furrow, or n deeper and more complete separation of the two halves, is so prevalent that this seems to be the only explanation to be offered for its apjjcarance. Tlieir absence in the few specimens is prol»ably due to defect of preserva- tion. The connnon albuminous floor and the upper and outer albuminous coating are of remarkable thickness, varying from one to three milli- meters; but the coating attenuates to a mere lamella as it i)asses down the median furrow, so that when the mass remained (piiet in the position in which it was laid, the lateral halves pressing closely against each other, the combined thickness of the two all)uminous walls woidd together no more than equal the ordinary thickness of the albuminous partition between any two contiguous eggs. That such a ])artition existed even in those which do not now show it seems ])robal>le from the regularity of the furrow in every instance of its occurrences and l)v its prevalence; some specimens merely show a sharp groove along the middle, the halves remaining in complete juxta{)osition ;'" others again are so completely separated as to be curled over and meet beneath (Figs. 19, 23).
'I'his, together with the fact that the egg-mass is otherwise extremely regular (showing only so little plasticity as to allow one broad side to be straight, while the (»pposite is a little convex) and never exhibits the slightest tendency to coil longitudinally, lea Is me to believe that the egg-masses were laid i < the water of shallow basins, upon the muddy floors, which
' I'roc. Am. Ahmoo. Ail. Sci., vol. "i."), |(|(. 'J77-'27-'.
'Thi'Kn .M|>(>ciiiiriis arc soiiio from wbidi wtatlii'iiii;; lias rtMiKivml their outer ulbiimiiKiiiH cuatin;; ; |icTlia]iN, if tluH liail remaini'il, thu furrow would have beuu cuucualeil by tliu cumpleto union uf Miu uttiugi'ut ulbuiiiiiiouH wailH.
> '
ll._,^
NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IAL1NA.
151
could be reached by the abdometi of the insect while resting upon a stone or overhanging twig. In this medium the albuminous secretion would ex- pand to the utmost ; if the bunch of eggs remained undisturbed, it would present us with the more regulnr hirudiniforni masses that have been found ; if rolled about by the disturbance of the waters, the tM-o halves would curl toward each other more or less closely, forming a subcylindrical mass, and inclose between their approaching walls more or less of the mud in which they are rolled. This is exactly the appearance of most of them now, inclosing the same substances as that within which they and the accompany- ing Biilimi and other fresh-water moliusks lie embedded.'
These masses differ from those of Corydalus in the extraordinary amount of albuminous matter which surrounds both the entire mass (Fig. 16) and each individual eg;g (Fig. 7). This is perhaps to be explained by the medium in which they appear to have been laid, and will in part account for the vast size of the ootheca, which are much larger than any mass of insect eggs which I can find noticed. The size of the mass, however, is also due to the greater inagnitud*) of the eggs themselves, which are twice as long as and pi'oportionally larger than those of Corydalus (Figs. 17, 21), and lead to the conviction that we are to look in the rocks of the Laramie Group for an insect of great magnitude, closely allied to our Corydalus, itself the largest of all known Sialina. It can hardly be doubted that it must have been at least double the size of the living type. The number of eggs li.id is about or nearly the same as in Corydalus, presuming, in either case, all to be laid at once.
Compared with the eggs, the albuminous substance surrounding them is nnich softer, more or less friable, and easily removed, being everywhere composed of fibers running in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the egg. The weathering of the specimens has been such that in sev- eral instances the whole albuminous cap has been removed, and in others a large part also of the interovular partitions, leaving the eggs standing erect, each separated from its neighbors by from one-third to one-half its own thickness. In many cases the eggs can be i)ulled from their cells; and, al- though frequently flattened, they may be studied almost as well as if living.
The eggs (Fig. 21) have an average length of 2.6""" and a central
Tliu (li'iioNit ill wliicli they oucur ixii I'lcsli-wateroue; but Mr. Lc[,iiii<!rt'ux iiifuriiismethat In-nckisb- water forms are foiinil both abovo and bt'low them. For details concerning the age of the deposit and the fossils associated with Corydalites, see the article by Dr. C, A. White, quoted above.
152
TFWTIAUY INSKl'TS OF NORTH AMKRICjA.
width of 0.6""" ; they uro nearly cylindrical, hnt faintly arcnato, slightly at- tennutod at '.ho antorior cxtreniity, and slightly tumid on the posterior half, at tlie tij) of which they taper rapidly, rounding oft' t«) a rather broadly con- vex extremity, which is Hattened or often sunken in a circular central space O.T""' in diameter (Fig. 7), outside (»f which the surface is rather profusely filled with very shallow, obscnire, circular pits, averaging 0.01"'"' in diameter. The anterior extremity (Figs, f), (5) tenuinates in a slightly elevated, thin, subtuberculate rim, inclosing a terminal portion, whoso surfa<"e gradually rises centrally to form a truncated cone, and is pitted with saucer-like depres- sioiis, gradually diminishing in .size up the sides of the central extension ; the latter is about as long as tiio breadth of its tip ; its extremity (Fig. 18), 0.04-0.0')5'°"' in diameter, is more or less sunken, with a central circular pit (the micropyle) O.Ol""™ in diameter ; while the rounded margin of the ex- tension is made more or loss irregular by the saucer-like depressions which surmount it, but have now become of extreme minuter jss.
This structure of the anterior extremity of the c'g}^ agrees with what was previously known of the vgj^ of 8ialis, but no r.iention of the elevated point was made in Mr. Riley's tlescription of the vgg of Corydalus. It oc- curs there, however, as I find by examination of eggs he has kindly sent me. These eggs of Corydalus (Figs. 17, 22) also show the sunken space at the pos- terior end, and the sides of the egg are marked nearly as in the fossil, the surface of the latter being broken up by scarcely (devated, slight ridges into obscure, transverse, hexagonal colls, one-tenth of a millimeter long (acrf)ss the (igg) and one-fifth as broad, those of adjoining rows interdigitating.
In the disposition of the eggs also these masses dift'er from those ot Corydalus, for the}' are arranged in a radiating manner around the longi- tudinal axis of the ootheca. All of them partake of this arrangement even wiien, as rarely hapj)ens, there are two la}ers in place of one over parts of the mass ; in no case are any of the eggs packed in irregularly, as is the case with a portion of those of Corydalus, according to Riley. As in Corydalus, however, the posterior ends are those which are directed toward the upper albuminous coating, which in many cases shows very slight subhexagonal or circular depressions or elevations corresponding to the position of the extremity of the egg beneath, just as in Corydalus the po.sterior ends of the eggs show "like faint dots through the white cover- ing." The outer all)uminous coating apjjoars in the fossil to be made up of
NKUUOl'TKUA— I'LANII'KNNIA— HIAlilNA.
163
tirt many partH nn tlioru aru og^s, tlio iiitorovuliir tiltnuiH iiiaturiul extuiuUng to tlio surtiu'o of tliu ootlioca, forniiiig wuIIh to tloop colls which contain eggs, and which aru corkod up, as it wore, l)y plugs of albuniin(UiH niatorial. These plugs seem to 1)0 very similar to the ooll-walls, having been com- posed a))parently of viscous threads, also running in the sanjo direction as the longitudinal axis of the egg; but i < some casijs the cell-walls beyond the eggs have Itocome blackened, while the plugs retain their normal color and separate readily from them.
When the egg mass was undisturbed, the outermost eggs lay horizon- tally, and those next the median furrow vertically (Fig. 15); the division walls of the colls were therefore thinnest below, and it appears probable that the young made their escape at the bottom of the median furrow, where the outer coating is also thinnest, though not so presented in th-j schematic figure. Where double layers occur, the eggs of the upper seem to be in a direct line with those of the lower layer, egg for egg, as if a cell of double length were stocked with two eggs, separated by an albuminous partition, and in this case the albuminous floor and covering are thiinier than usual so that the egg-mass is not greatly enlarged nor distorted. When tv/o layers were thus formed, the young larva* of the upper layer must Imve I'scaped through the emptied cells of the lower.
It only remains to add that with a single exception these masses differ comparatively little in size, most of them being nearly or quite five centi- nu'ters long, although some scarcely exceed four centimeters. The single exception is of a mass only a little more than fifteen millimeters long, six millimeters broad, and three millimeters high. It .shows no furrow, ])ut may represent only one lateral half of an egg-mass, as the walls of one side are steeper than those of tlie other and look like the sides of a median furrow. This mass is so small that only by presuming one-half to be gone and the albuminous covering to be thinner than usual can it be regardeu as belonging to the same species with the others, although evidently of a similar nature. In case it belongs to the same species, it may be looked upon as probable that a female usually deposited all her eggs in a single bunch, but that in this case some accident preventing it, the remnant was subsequently laid in a mass of much smaller dimensions, one-half of which is preserved. This is the view I am disposed to adopt.
Crow Creek, near Greeley, Colorado (Laramie group). Dr. C. A. AVhite. ilany specimens.
1
154
TRKTIAUY INSKCT8 OF NORTH AMKUKIA.
1'
11
Su])tUinil.v IIAPIIII)IIJ>.T': StnplieiiH. IlitliiTtti only Olio s|H't'i('s of tliis group litis been foiiiid in Tertiiiry beds, hikI itH curlier oxiHtonce is tmknowii ; tliis Hin^i'lo iiistanco is Iiiocoilin oriyoim f'ntiu iiniher. Now, however, we find them in the rocIcH theinselvPH, 118 five species from Fh»"iHHiint are before us, one boh)iijjiiig probably to Raphidia, the others to Inoeellia. This is perhaps one of the most striking of the facts yet discovered in the American Tertiaries; fctr the known species of this family not only are exclusively n«)rth temperate', but almost exclusively geroiit(»geic, the only form known from this country east of the Sierra Nevadas being a (probably introduced) European species; S(!veral, however, are known from the west coast, whoso insect fauna is w«'ll known to have very strong European, or at least geroiitogeic, atHiiiti(ts. A point of additional interest is the fact that so many species of Inocellia are found and only one of Haphidia (and that doubtful), when Uaphidia is very rich and Inocellia very poor in species at the present time. As alreaily stated, the amber species is also an Inocellia. (September, 188.').)
7'(i6J« of Ike gentra of HaptiidiiJa'.
l'U>roHtigina rrnitgiMl by vviiilcta and tlierufure ooiiipuocd of iiioiu than oiu-coll; wiii((N tliruu timcR as
Ion;; iM liron<l 1. Raphidiii.
I'terostiKimi CDiiipotiMl of ii siiiRk' foil: \vin);s nioro tliuii three timos hh long ni* broad '■! Inovellia.
1 KAPHIDIA Eimie.
The single species referred here differs considerably from modern forms ill the brevity of the costal vein, the absence of costal transver.se veinlets, and other features of the neuration which render its reference to Uaphidia doubtful. It can not be referred to Inocellia on account of the structure of the pterostigma, and it should perhaps be considered as belonging to a dis- tinct genu.s. If a true Raphidia it is the fust one that has been *"- iiid fossil.
Raphidia (?) TKANyiiiLLA. PI. 1 1, Fit;. 2 ( .^ ).
A single sj)ecimen in which the head is wanting and the four wings are overlapj)iiig; the neuration is almost exactly similar in all the wing.s, and they are of equal size, but for the .sake of cleajne.ss only one of them, an upper wing, has been drawn for the plate.
' It wax by error that I alliidml to tbeso genera im i\ dicutivH of a w:iriii«reliiiiat« for ancient KloriH- want ill the Annual Report of the U. S. OeohiKical nml 'o^frapliical Survey for 1S7H, p. IWV.
NKUROl'TKUA— IMiANII'KNNIA-aiAMNA.
155
The wiiigH iiro r.onwidomljly lon^rm- tlitiii tlio ulMlninoii, oval, rounded nt the tip, with ii ^i^outly coiivox inner nmrgin and a nearly Htrai<;ht coHtal margin. The neuration is dintinct and Idack and in th(! front winyn as fol- lows: Tho pterostiynia Ih Hinall, Hcuii-oval, f'lilijfinous, deepening centrally, Hituatod in the middle of the apical half of the wing at the costal margin, cut oblicjuely by a curving transverse veinlet at its outer extremity. Tho costal margin is scarcely expanded at tho base, and the costal vein is ex- ceedingly short, terminating in tho margin before the end of tho basal third of the wing ; this featiu'o, with others in the neuration and tho total absence (as far as can l»e seen) of costal transverse vt'inlets, renders it doul)tful whether it belongs to Raphidia in a strict mnm. The subcostal vein thoreforo forms a considerable part of the costal border and is widely sep- arated from tho radius and connected with it by a single transverse voiidot in tho middle of tho wing. The sectors do not arise obVupiely from the radius, but are connected with it by straight transverse cross-veins, making two long and largo pentagonal cell'* in tl)e middle of the wing beneath the radius, o(pialIy broad at both ends. There aro three long discoidal areolets, the uppermost narrow, tho middle ouv. shorter than the others, tho outer limits of all of them nearer to the apical margin than to the inner limits, making the marginal arooles shorter than tho discoidal ; all the areolets of th(; central portions of the wing are large, being few in mnnber, and they ap])roach rather near tho margin, with which they are connected by few, seldom and then simply furcate, marginal veinlets.
Length of thorax, 1.85"""; of abdomen, r).2""" ; of wing, 7.75"""; breadth of latter, 2.55"'™.
Florissant. Oiio specimen. No. 438^5 (s).
2. INOCKLLIA Schneider.
The occurronco of a species of this genus in amber and its present existence oidy in tho north temperate region of tho Old World and of our extreme western coast, where tho aifinities of the fauna are decidedly Euro- pean, render the disi-overy of four species in our Colorado Tertiaries one of special interest. It is curious, however, that they differ not only from the modern forms, but also from the amber species, I. erigena Menge, in lacking the regular arrangement of the cells below tho pterostiguia to form a trans- verse iniiform series of discoidal areolos.
156 TKBTIAUY INHKCTS OV NORTH AMKItldA.
Tilt' apccii'M iiiuv 1)0 so|mniftMl tliiw :
Tabu 0/ the iptiiii 0/ iHOfrlUa.
Contritl M>vtur of tin* front wlu)( (or tlin Hoclor wliloli truvurniiii tlii> initlillo nf tint wIiik itbiive tho ou> Itllikl i'cIIn) iiriHiiiK (rum n lirokcn HrilcH iif tritiiHviTHi' vritiN cDiiiicvtiiiK tli« riitliiiH niiil
ikiial v»iu 1. /. rflrrana.
Central rn'otor of tint front wliii; itrUing In tlio an)(li< c>r, iinil ItlmicthiK, tint l)««ttl veil foruntd Ity thtt Junction of tl»< nxlliiH and itN liUNnl britunli. Lonxitnilinul row of ( itlN lirlow tint rntliiiH uf ri|iiikl or iin)>it<|nnl leiiRtli.
Kront w\ng nliont two unil it liitif thni>M Ioiikit lliiiii Wroiiil ; I'l-IU JmhI itliovi* tlin cnltltnl ri>llM no lonKi'r tliiin Ihity anil Nliortitr tliuu tlioHo in tlio row JiiHt linni'iilli tlitt riMlhrn; )iro-
lliornx HlrohKly la|i<>rinK.. 'i. /. mimtiulfKlii.
Front winK more tliun tliri'o tiiiit'H ox lon){ m broad ; I'ldU juwl uliovit tlir cnbilul rellN iniii'li lougttr tban thny and rw Iuok uh tbow) In the row Jnit httnttntli tint ritiliuH; prothorax ■■i|iiikl.
:i. /. liiiuHlala. liOnKitndiual row of culU nitxt below tbit rodiimof very unui|iinl Ittugth 4, J. ittnla.
1. InoCKLLIA Vr.TKUANA. IM. 14, Fig. 1.
A sinj^le specimen luis been found, in whicili the two front wingn are preserved with an obscure body, hickinj;' the head. This front wiiiff iu eon- Hidi'ialtly lonjjftM- than thora.x and abdomen to<fether, nearly f(MU' times a« lon^ as broad, tlio aj»ical margin well rounded, not at all produced. The venation is distinct, dark castaneons ; the pterostigma is of considerai)le size, faint castaneous, about four times ns long as broad, ecpial, terminated interiorly by a transverse, exteriorly l)y a very obliijue nervule. The cos- tal margin is straight from the base to the pterostigma with no expan.sion wliafever; the figure of the ri,"',! wing on the plate is incorrect in this par- ticular, a faint e.\panded vein ooing represented where none e.xisfs. The subco.stal vein riuis parallel with the costal vein in the basal half of the wing, and is connected with it by four or five transverse or oblii^ue veinlets, then suddenly turns upwanl anil joins it at .some distance before the ptero- stigma. The radius runs parallel to the costal vein throughout, and is con- nected with the subcostal by two or three; transverse veinlets. The sectors, or longitudinal veins of the central portion of the wing, do not ari.se at intervals oblicpiely from the radius as they do in the other species, as well as in the amber I eogena and in modern types, but together form a brokeii transverse veinlet, curving around from beyond the middle of the l)asal half of the radius to the anal vtMii anil at intervals from the np|)er sector. It seems, therefore, to form a somewhat distiiu'-t group of Inocellia. There are two sectors springing from the iivat sector, one in the middle, the other
NEUROI'TKKA— I'LANIPKNNIA— aiALINA.
157
ill till) iiiiddlo of tlio oiitor halt', nt' tho wing; lioyoiul tlio origin of tho fii'Ht Hoctor, or tli« Itrokoii sut of trauHverso voiiilotH <»f which itM haHO foririH the origin, thort* nro four or livi; vory htiig Mttlihuxngonal ooIIh jtiHt l)ftIo>v the radiiiH, tho tliinl from tho Itarto reaching tho tniddio of tho ptoroHtigina. The iiiuiiIkm' of Huotoi'H \h ho largo that, omitting th(« marginal coIIh, there aro Hix radiating HorioH of coIIh botwoen tlto radiuHi\iid tho anal vein. The I'ollHof tho marginal Horio» aro of vory varying wizo and Hliapo, but tho voiiiH wliii'h form thoin aro vory rarely forked.
f .ongth of thorax and abdomen, 7.5""" ; of wing, 9'""' ; l)roadtli of muno, 26""".
Florisnaiit. Ono Hpeelinon, No. LSSfj, obtained by tho Princeton Expe- dition.
2. Xi^OCKLLIA SOMNOLENTA.
IM. 14, Fij?. 12 ( 9 ).
One rtpecimen belonging here, with its reverse, consiHts of n head and thorax with fragments of legs and wings, among the latter one nearly per- fect front wing overlying part of a hind wing. The head is slender and vory long oval in shape; the thorax stout with a greatly and regularly tapering prothorax forming anteriorly a very slender neck. Front wing well rounded, rather broad for its length, though its exact breadth can not bo told from the broken edges. The neuration is distinct and black, the |)tero8tigma faint, fuliginous, long, and equal, about four times as long as broad, squarely margined basally, obliipicly margined distally. The costal margin is nearly straight, gently and slightly expanded, tho subcostal vein terminating upon it before it ro.aches the pterostigma by nearly the length of the latter. Beyond tho basal cell, which is bisected by tho last sector, and correspor.ds to the coll situated within the broken series of transverse vcinlets in I. veterana, there are immediately below the radius three very long subpentagonal cells, tho second reaching beyond the middle of the l)terostigma. Omitting tho cells which border the margin, there are five radiating series of cells between the pterostigma and the anal vein ; the cells are fairly large, varying much in .shape but rarely more than twice as long as broad, the terminal veinlets next the margin frequently and widely forked.
»'
158
TI«]irriAUY INSKCTS OF l^OUTii AAJEUKIA.
Length of lioixd, 2""" ; hreiultli of same, O.H""" ; length of thorax, 4.5""'; bveadtli of same, 2.4""": broatltli of neck, 0.;5"""; probable length of pro- thora.x, 2"'"'; its broudth at l)ase, 1.75""": length of fore wing, 7"'"' ; its prob- able breadth, 2.5"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 937.'{ and 103Hi).
Anot'-.cr specimen shows tho apical half of two overlappiiig fore wings, which (lifter so little from the preceding that 1 place it here at least provis- ionally : it difters princi|)ally in the point of immediate origin of one of the veins terminating in the apex, which in the specimen lirst described origi- nates in the d'.stal, in this specimen in the proximal of the two cells inune- diately beh-sv the pterostigma.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2603.
3. Inocellia tumulata.
PI. 14, Fig. ir. ( s ).
The spec'es is rep'-esented by a single specimen and its reverse in which the entire bod.>- and nearly the whole of the four wings are pre- served. The head is obscure and ill-defined in part, with no appendages preserved, oI)pyriform in shaj)e, Iieing broadest in the middle of the anterior half or about three-fourths the length, the front broadly rounded, behind tapering rapidly, so tlia.t the ba.se is narrower than the narrow neck formed of the prothoraeic segment. This is n(.'i4rly four times longer than broad, less than half as broad as the head and apj)arently ecjual, though the imperfection of the part renders this doul»fful. The meso- and meta- tlioracic mass is robust, nearly twice as broad as the head, while the abdo- men is only a little broader than the head, equal, and somewhat longer than the rest of the I)ody. The legs, excepting the fragment of a iiind femur, are not j)n'Sirved.
The wings, and especially the front pair, which is considerably longer than the hind j)air, are longer than the thorax and abdomen together and more than tinee times as long as broad. One front wing is almost entirely preserved and separate from the others, so as to be ( .sily studied: the other front wing, of which only a fragment can be seen, overlies the over- l.ipping ajid reversed himl w!n<>s: the\ do not so closely overlap as to confnsi' the neurati>)n greatly, and hence nearly the wiiole can be deter-
NEUliOPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IALINA.
159
minpfl, or as far as it, is preservod. Tho front, wing is long and rather slendor, slightly enlarging apically, so ns to he l)roadest at, the inner half of the pterostig- v^, the apex well rounded, the costal margin straight, at base broken so that one may not say wiiether the wings were here expanded or not. The veins of the front wing are black, of the hind wings blackish brown. The pterostignia of the front wings is of moderate size, very dark fuliginous, its proximal margin transverse, its '^'..k1 very oblique; except- ing its tapering apical portion, it is nearly equa' in f ■■ ,.dth or slightly enlarg- ing in the middle and about twice as long as 'i-oa<i : the figure is here not quite correc The subcostal vein is straight ami strikes the costa at a little more tiian the pterostigma's distance l)efore the latter; the space between it and the costa is broken by oblique ?ross-veins, of which only one remains near the middle of tlie wing. The radius runs close to the sub(!08tal vein, and is coniiected with it by a single transverse vein at the middle of the wing. Beyond the basal cell, which is bisected obliquely by the last sector, there are, just below the radius, three moderately long pen- tagonal cells, the second reaching nearly to the middle of the pterostignia. Omitting the marginal cells, there are six radiating series of cells between the pterostignia and the anal vein ; the cubital cells are large and broad, being not more than twice as broad as long, while all the other large cells of the wing are exceedingly long and slender, often several times longer than broad, scarcely, if at all, broader in the middle than at the ends, the transverse veins being comparati^ ely few ; the terminal veinlets of the apical half of the lower border are simply and widely forked.
In the hind wings, the lower half only of which is preserved, all the terminal veinlets appear to be forked, and excej)ting at the upper part of tli^ ipex, the sectors, wliich are l)roadly sinuous, appear to ])e very rarely coimected by transverse veinlets even near the border; at least almost none can l)e detected.
Length of body, ll.S"""; of head, 1.8""" : breadth of same, 1"""; length <rf i^othorax, l.(i""": brea<lth of same, 0.35"""; breadth of thorax, 1.7"""; length of al)dom<!n, 5.75""" ; breadth of same, 0.85""" ; length of fore wing, !'#'"": ite Iweadtli. -J. 7""".
Klorissant. Oiw specimen, Nos. 956 and 4o30 ((?).
160
TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMIillKJA.
4. Inocellia kvknta.
Ono specimen of this spccios is proservcnl in wliicli all four winjofs closely overlapping one .anotliei- iiro attached to a partly [)reserve(l body sufficiently preserved to judge by the extremity of the abdomen that it was pidbably a male, and by its long slender and equal prothorax that it did not (litter in this respect from I. tumulata. The base of the wings is too obscure for determination, but the course of the veins renders it probable that the central sector, of the hind wings at least, arises in the angle of tlie basal cell formed by the junction of the radius and its basal brancli ; and in the table it has accordingly been plaeed in that division of the genus. The general feati resof the neuration show at all events that it is more closely allied to I. t imulata than to any of the others.
'In another specinu u the wings are of ecpial length, the front pair very long and slender, being nearly four times as long as broad, the greatest breadth in the middle of the apical half, although the greater part of the apical half is subequal, tue apex well rounded, but slightly j)rodu(;ed, the costal margin straight beyond the (obscure) base. 'I'he veins of both wings are black. The pterosliirma, apparently alike in both wings, is blackish fuliginous, of moderate size, its proximal margin transverse, its distal ver\- oblique, forminu- a nearly ''ontinuous curve with its slightly convex lower margin, the whole a little more than twice as long as broad. The subcostal vein is gently curved and strikes the costa at the pterosligma's distaiute before the latter; the space between it and the civsta is pretty broad and filled by mi- merous straight o1)lique veins Below the radius the cell, whose distal extrem- ity lies just beneath the termination of the co8to-subco.stal interspace, is excep- tionally long, being nearly double the length of the cell beyond it, and the cells which lie beneath its distal extremity are bordered externally by a com- mon line which lies beneath the proximal end of the pterostigma : the lower of these two cells lieing the longer, there is formed an obliipu- series of lai-ge conspicuous areole> like those of mod(;rn species but more distant from tin; apex of the wing. The hind wing differs from the front wing principally in form, tlie apical half being less equal, and in the shortness of the long sub- radial cell of the front wings, which is no loiiger than the next outside of it; the series of cross-veins originating above at the middle of the pterostigma is more broken, but falls whollv without the jtroximal end of the ptero- stigma, so that the three areoles form a vertical instead of an (tblioue series;
[111
NEIJUOPTBKA— PLANIPENNIA— nEMEROBINA.
161
the cubital cells can not be deterniiiied in the front wing, but are apparently, as here, pretty larj^e and broad and rarely if ever twice as long as brc ad, while nearly all the other large cells (especially in the front wings) are very long and slender as in I. tumulata, the transverse veins being few. The marginal veinlets of both wings are simply and widely forked on the lowei", and sometimes on the apical, border.
Length of wings, 10.5"""; breadth, 2.7"'"'.
This species is evidently more nearly allied to I. tumulata than to any of tiie others, and ditlers from it, not onl}- in the points brouglit out in the description, but also in the closer venation of the margin of the wing.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 83l!>, 1)39 1.
Family HEMEROBINA Hagen.
The two subfamilies llemerobidiB and Chrysopidaj which form this group are opposittjjy re[)re.sented in the Tertiaries of the Old and New Worlds. The former arc well represented in l*]urope and poorly represented in this country: tlic hitter are well furnislieil with species in this country and are unrepreseiitcil in Kurope Tiie figures stand as follows: Ilemero- l)i(l;v', four geniTii, six species, iMiropc, vs two genera, two species, America; Chryscipidic, noiic, Miiropi;, vs. two genera, four species, America. Compare this with tlieir i)r('sriit distriltution as indicated Ijy Hagen in his Synopsis syiu)nymica (ISfld) : Ilcmcntl/Khe, ten genera, forty species, Kurope, vs. eight genera, tliirty-oni^ species, AmiM-ica ; Olirysopida', two genera, forty- one species, Europe, vs. oik* genus, tliirty-one species, America. Here the relation between Ain(>ric;i and i^iUropi^ is ahnost precisc^lv the same in tiie two countries, a rehition wliich tiiids no sort of explanation in the distribu- ti(m of the two groups in the Terriaries. (Septeml)er, lS(S3.)
Suhlhimly HEMKUOBin/E Stephens.
rjonsideritiii the abundance of American Tertiary Neuroptera and the ?ral>le number of Hemerobidic ( four genera, six or more species) feuni ill tlie IVrriary l)eils of Europe — inustly in amlter — it is somewhat ^■qirising to tind i>nly a couple of species in our .Vmerican Tertiaries. One of these, Osmyhis. from Florissant, is also represented in amber and the two species agnse t(»getiK« in certain features which distinguish them from VOL Xlli 11
1C2
TKKTIAHY IX.SEOTS OF NORTH AMKUICA.
niock'ni forms The otli«r, iin extinct g'oims, Hothroniicromiis, from Hritisli Columbia, is very difterent from imy the Europeiin Terticaries i)osse88.
OSMYLUS Latroille.
The species we have placed here a{frees somewhat closely with the species from amber, Osm. ])ictus, referred by Hagen to this genus, but differs from it in its lack of any diverse coloring in the wings, as well as in sonie minor points of the neiwation, as in the distance of the outer series of gra- date veinlets from the outer border of the wing, their regular connection with one of the basal branches of the radius, the regularity of the inner series of gradate veiidets, as well as the structure of the cubital region. The two Tertiary species, however, agree togetlier, and disagree with living types in tlic simple character of the costal nervules, the much smaller num- ber of sectors, and the fiiaracfer of the basal half of the wing, where the sectorial interspaces arc re:.ni1ar ami i)roken by few and irregularly scattered cross-veins, instead of Iteiug so iiumerously supjjlied as to break up the field into an almost unit^iriu and minute reticulation. The two fossil species Would therefore appesir to form a section apart. (September, 1883.)
OSMYLIIS REQlTIETUS.
ri. 14, Fijrs. ;j. 8.
Three specimetij^. tsvoof them witii their counterparts, have been found, in which the wings are |»articidariv well preserved, and in which something also can be made out of the Im»i4v atw4 the antenna'. The body is of the
usual form, the .slender aiitenna JM^r ;i it tlie length of the body, composed
of niuititudinons cvliiidrical, >mootli joint-., a littU; longer than broad and peiii-ctlx' e(|ii.d.
Tlie wings are verv large, the extremity of the abdomen reaching only as far a*< their middle when «'losed, and nearly three times as long as broad, broad«sf a littU- berond the middle. Tliev have the shape of those of ('hrv>op;i, »',<• costal margin l«ciiig suddenly curved downward ju.st before tlic rip to meet tlic upturned cur\e of the inner margin, which is bent be- yond the iiiiddic of the wiuL;- and meets the costal margin below the middle of the rip of tlic wing, the latter barcK angnlated; besides, however, the costal margin is a little expamit d near the base : the costal area, broad at the itast; and made a little more so b\ the slight defection of the subcostal
I
NEUKOPTERA— PriANIPRNNIA— IIEMEROIUNA.
163
1
vein necar tlie base and opposite the expansion of the costal margin, narrows very gradually towards the apex, and by the deflection of the subcostal vein next the tip is carried to the very angulation at the apex, filled throughout with very numerous, oblicpie, straight, and simple cross-veins. The radius runs in exceedingly close proximity to the subcosta until the margin begins to curve decidedly downward, when it unites with it. I have not been able to detect certainly any basal or other cross-vein between the two, though there are in some specimens slight indications of what may be one near the origin of the main sector ; they certainly do not occur elsewhere. The main sector originates from the radius near the base of the wing, runs near to and parallel with it to the apex, and is connected with it by many (eight or nine) cross-veins ; from it arise eight or nine parallel, oblicpie, and nearly straight sectors, making in all about a dozen series of equal oblique interspaces in the wing, broken in the apical half of the wing by a couple of series of gradate veinlets, the outer not very far removed from the posterior margin and subparallel to it, finally merging in one of the basal branches of the radius, and from which spring the marginal veinlets wiiicli are usually deli- cately forked at the very border ; the inner row is parallel to the outer and about as far from it as it is from the margin. Witliin this the interspaces are broken by a dozen or more irregularly scattered rather distant cross- veins, nnu'li asin Osm. ])ictus()f tlie Prussian amber, but very different in- deed from the living types of the genus, as already stated under the genus. The margins >f the wings are spai'sely furnished with delicate hairs, and similar liairs may be seen on some of the veins, es))ecially near the margins, but at great distances, or fartiier apart tiian the length of the hairs. The hind wing does not differ essentially from the front wing, excepting in the width of the costal area.
Length of body, !).75"""; of antennte, 10"""; of front wing, i:..;?;')"'"' ; breadth of same, 5.35"'"'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 8839, 13012 and 135.'57, 13538 and 141()8.
BOTHROMICROMUS Scudder.
UolliroiiiirroiiuiH .ScmM., lli'i). (jciil. .Siirv. Ciiii., lH7(i-'77, -IllJ (1S78).
"^riiis genus agrees with Micromus in lacking the recurrent vein above the costal vein next the base of the front wing, and differs from it in the very wide expansion of the costal area at this point and in the possession of
-8
u it fi
1G4
TEltTIAUY INSI-]CTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
^'
i
numerous sectors. In these respects it agrees with Drepanepteryx, but the wing is not fiilcute, and notwithstanding the wide expanse of the costal area the recurrent nervtile is wanting, all the veinlets of tliis area arising next tlie base, as elsewhere, from the subcosta. The wing is shaped much as in Megalonnis, to which, inch^ed, it is closely allied, being broad at the base, very gradually increasing in width aj»ically, the extremity rounded, with no abrupt emargination or falcation, l)ut with ihe inner angle strongly ex- cised. At the base the costal area is nearly as broad as the remainder of the wing; the costal veinlets are all furcate and apparently connected, much as in Drepanepteryx, Ijy a single line of inosculating veinlets, dividing the area in two nearly e(pial longitudinal halves. The costa and subcosta run side by side in the closest proximity, but are apparently separated to the apex. Sectors extremely numerous, with a single cou)plete series of gradate vein- lets in the middle of the wing, and another, apparently crossing only the lower half of liie wing, jnore than half-wa}- between this and the outer nuirjjin : veins and margins verv shortlv ciliat<'d.
The gejuis also seems peculiar in the structure of the maxillary palpi, the basal joint of which is half as broad again as long ; the second and thii'd joints subequal, moniliform ; the fourth aj)parently oidy half as broad as the previous, but of ecpial length, and the termimd again slenderer, but twice as long, being conical, pointed, and unarmed, while the others are furnished on the aj)ical half with scattered seta*. Antenna* submoniliform, the joints near the base of e(pud length and breadth, the basal joint double the width of the others ; no hairs can be seen upon the antennal joints.
IJoTHRO.MICROMr.S LACHLANI.
PI. 2, VigH. 7-10.
Bolhromieromus lachlaui Scitdd., Ki-p. (ieol. Siirv. Cni>., 187(>-'77, 4(12-463 (1878).
One front wing and a part of the head with its appendages are pre- served on No. ;i6, with a pale, browni.sh tint to the wing, while the reverse, on No. 37, is wholly colorless. The only parts of the head preserved are one eye and a portion of the other, indicated by a broad, black, annular ring; also a few of the basal joints of the antenna-, and both maxillary palpi, crossing each other ami detached irom tin; head. 'Hie wing is strongly expandeil at the extreme costal base; beyond this the co.stal border is straight, with a scarcely percej)th 'e emargination nearl} to the tip. The
NEUliOrTEUA— I'LANiriiNNlA— UKMEliOUlNA.
165
inner margin ia almost equally straight, but faintly convex. The extreme tip of the wing falls in the middle of the upper half; below it the wing is strongly excised, but well rounded at the tip and lower outer angle. The shape of the wing, therefore, resembles closely that of Micromus hirtus of Europe. The cubitals are, if anything, more numerous than the veinlets of the costal area, and beyond the origin of the anterior cubital vein ten origi- nate from the subcosta itself in the basal half of the wing. The iirst and second of these fork and subdivide several times before rea. iWi; the mar- gin, or even long before reaching the first series of gradate veinlets, while the third to the ninth are simple, either (^uite or almost as far as tlio very margin. The tenth again forks close to its origin, and the outer sectors originate from its upper branch, which is connected with the costa by infre- quent cross-nervules. The wing is of a pale woodbrown color, the veins margined with a line of dull, pale yellow, and the darker brown of the inter- spaces broken frequently by a slightly paler tint, so as to give the wing a minutely blotched appearance, only visible under the lens. The two series of gradate veinlets are again accompanied by a slightly darker tint, giving the wing the api)earance of being crossed by two oblique, d-isky lines. All the margins are miiuitely and sparingly ciliated, and similar black, rather distant hairs are scattered indiscriminately over the wing, lioth upon the membrane and veins, but sliowing a certain tendency to follow the course of the latter. At the extreme lower base of the wing they are seen to have their origin from minute papilhe, less than one hundredth of a millimeter in diameter, and averaging a twentieth of a millimeter apart
Length of wing, 9.5""" ; greatest breadth, 4.25"'"' ; l>readth at base, 3""°; diameter of eye, 0.45""" ; length of joints of antenme near base, 0.09"'™ ; of middle joints of maxillary palpi, 0.075""" ; length of maxillary jjalpi,
0.4""".
Named for R. McLachlan, Esq , the distinguished English neuropter-
ologist.
Quesnel, British Columbia. Collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson, Nos. 36 and 37 of the collection.
Subfamily CHKYSOPID^E Brauer.
Although species referred to Chrysopa are mentioned by Andril from the rocks of Thalheim, and by Berendt in amber, the figure given by the former and the study by Hagen of the material in the hands of the latter
166
TKHTIAin' IXSKCTS Ol' NOHTH AMKUMCA.
render it iiioro tliiin ]»r()l)aIiIo tliiit no Chrysopida' are yet known from the Knn)|»(';ui 'rcrtiiirics. It is tluTct'orc nil tlio nutre intorestinj.'- that we tinci at Florissant f'onr spi-cics of this oroiip referable to two genera liitherto nn- known. (< )clolH'r, ISS."}."*
The ;ienera may be separaiu;! b\- tin f,.!l>nvinjf tabh;:
Tahli' III' lliv yt'iiira of Clni/iiopiilii,
I'lipcr ciibitiil vnin of fiunt wiiij; iliiiMl, lionliTdd liy cuiMiiiiialivrly uiiirnriii tiills 1. I'alivochrynrt.
I'piiiT ciiliiliil vein i<r Iront wiii^ (luiilily l)i'iit in thi' iniilillc, lidnli'ri'cl \i\ very iinfc|iiul rclls.
'J. TiihiiehryM.
1. PAIJCOCIIKVSA gen. nov. {TrnXan^, z^>'^''0.
The only materials for estaljlishing- this geiins are the wings, the strni'tnre of which does not Record with any known living or extinct tyj)e. The shajie of the wings is nmch as in Chrysopa, and they are apicallv roniided : the costal area of the front wings, narrow at b«st', rapidly e.\- j)ands and then diminishes, being broadest within the basal fourth «)f the wing. Jiy the apical union of the costal an 1 subcostal veins the area terminates some distance before the ape.x of tlu; wings, as in Hypochrvsa. The cubital area is unusualiv broad, the anterior cubital vein runniiiji' through the very middle of the wing, and the posterior cubital rather nearer the margin than to the anterior cubital, b(.»!i continuing to the ape.x of the wing: in consequein-e of this and of the preseuccf of only a single sector of the radius there are no transverse series of gradate veinlets whatever, but the secondary socttrs are to be looked on as cros.s-veinlets uniting the i)rin- cipal longitudinal veins; oiu« of the biisal cubital cellules of the anterior wings is divided nearly e(puilly, as in Nothocluysa.
It is ditlicult, ]ierhaps, to sfiy to which one of the modern genera it is most nearly allied, but it appears to resemble Hypochrysa as do.sely as unv, though it agrees much more with the fossil genus Tribochrv.sa described bevond, where the distinctions between the two are pointed out.
l'.\l..l.o( MKY.SA .STKKTA. IM. II, Kijis. l.'J, 11.
Little besides the wings can be made out in the single specimen with its counterpai't which icpresents this species. The iront wings are a little more than two and a half times longer than broad; the costal margin, ex- panded a little near the base, is beyond that straight until it slopes down-
J
JiEUUOPTKUA— rLANll'KNNlA— UBMKKOHINA.
167
ward to form the well-rounded tip; the lower marfrin is rounded and lull, especially away from the base, uiakiM<r the wiuj;- broadest beyond the middle. The hind winys are slenderer or about three and a 'lalf times loiifjer than broad, l)roadest in the middle, the lower margin being uni- formly rounded, while the costal margin, not expanded at the base, is straight tln-oughout to the apical fourth, where the wing tapers considerably on both sides, being subacuminate, thougii the extreme apex is well rounded. The neuration, at least below the radius, is essentially the same in both wings, but next the costal margin differs considerably. In the front wings the subcostal vein terminates on the costa a little beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, and is comiectod with the distant arci.ing costa by seventeen or eighteen cross-veins, the proximal oncis of which are trans- verse, the distal somewhat oblicjue ; the radius runs close and ])arallel to the subcosta throughout the course of the latter, and thereafter at a similar distance from aiul parallel to the curve of the margin, as far as the very apex of the wing, connected nowhere to the veins above by cross- veins. In the hind wings the radius and subcosta are so closely united as to be nearly connected, and are so represented on the plate, and terminate togetlier, ap- parently a little beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing; as in the front wings, the subcosta is connected by cross-veins to the proxinuite, straight costa. There is a single sector which springs from the radius a little before tlie middle of the basal half of the wing in the front wings (nearer the base in the liind wings) and runs i lidway between the radius and the upper cubital in a regular zigzag; the cells, thirteen or fourteen in luimber, formed by the cross-veins between the sector and the radius, as well as all those below, are broader than long and toleral)ly regular. The upper cubital vein courses regularly through the mitldle of the wing, and in its basal half, at least in the front wing, is nearly straight, while apically it is noticeably zigzag, termiiuiting in the sector of the radius just before the tij) of the wing. The lower cubital vein runs in a uniform course rather nearer the margin than the upper cubital vein, subparallel to the former, and is irregularly straight or zigzag, and also joins the sector of the radius or terminates against an apical cell at the tip of the wing ; between the two cubital veins one of the basal cells is divided longitudinally into two nearly equal cells, as in the genus Nothochrysa (but which is not represented on the plate as it should be), where the obli(^ue vein appears on the upper wing ;
168
TKUTIAIJY lN«i;(Vrs Ol-' NOIiTII AMHUK'A.
tlu* iimrjjiiial iktviiIcs urn «itin»'tiinos Himplo iiinl striiiji'lit, soiii(*tinui« ln'oivdly furkt'd, and tlillcr on opposite n'iiijjfs. 'I'lio vt-iii liclow the lower ciilutiil, ciilletl postcoital liy Mt'Laehlaii, terminates altniptly on the hinder niarj^in, opposite the oriy^in of the seetor of the radius.
Lenjfth of tore wind's, 15.7."i"""; lireadth, "i.l"""; len^jfli of hind win^^s, If)"""; breadth. t,2
Tile fonr win^^s of this snecinien are .«o overlaid l>y one iinother a> to make a medley of veins which are very ditlicult to disentan;ile and inter- pret. It was kin<lly plioto<;raphed for nie l»y .Mi'. Sainnel Well-, of Huston; the lines of ea(di win^r on tin- photo;iraph were then traced separately, and from these tracinj,'s till' (Ira \viii;;s on the plate were made; these I believe to be true representations of the win;fs with the exception of the doiilde cubital cell of both wind's and the cross-veins nf the costal area of tin hind wiiij^, which are not shown ; the lower half of each wiii^i'. lu»wever, is more liiiblo to misinterpr(>tation than the upper.
Florissant. One specimen, Xo-^ ' 7!IH and 7.">4o.
•J. 'riilHOCllUVSA -en. iinv. (rf)ifir,\ xpvad?).
This genus, clearly allied t(» I'alaoeliivsa, and with it apparently a forerunner of l[\poclir\sa, is represented bv sevori ! species in the Amer- ican 'I'ertiaries, which are nnconiiiioiilv well preserved. tli(iii;;h the wiiij^s are rhe only parts which are present mi all the specimens; and it is there- fore mainly upon these that the Licnns is founded The In id is nearly twice as broad as lon^^ tlie front protnliirant, rounded, and entire, the basal joint of the anteniiic stout, bullions. >c.iicel\ ioniser than l»i"oad. twice the diameter of the stalk, the latter nearly as Ion;,'- ii- i>r even longer than the })ody. slender, delii-atelv tapering, conipnsed of simple, cylindrical, appar- ently naked joints twice as l-mg as broad. The thorax is stout, the j)rotli<>- ra.x broader than long, tapering anteriorly, otherwise snliipnidrat*'. The legs are slemler. The wings extend far be\ oiid the liody, and are of the same form as in ( 'hrysopa, the tip rounded or faintly subacuminate ; in neuratioii they resemble <doselv those of FaheotdirNsa, but ililVer from it in one striking leiiture. and in this approach more modern t\ |ies like Notho- chrvsa. In I'aheochrysa the ujiper cubital vein runs in a slightly zigzag course through the middle of the wing in a regulai', gentle curve uearlv eipiidistant from the costal and inner margin, and terminates at the apex of the wings, no transver.se series of y-radate veinlets King between it and the
NKlJKOI'TKItA-I'LANll'KNNIA-HKMKIJOIUNA.
160
l)iimary Hector, fii NittliochiyKM It runs in ;i |KM-tcH'-tly stmi^lit ("muno ii littlo below tlic miiMlo of tli(t sviii;;. luit Iii^rlu'V liiiiii in (Musxnpii, ilircited 'toward Imt imt distiiu'tly ruacluii;^ tlic middli of tliu oiitvi' liiilt of tlio litwor iiiiuxi'i »d" the wiiifjc, and siipportiii;,' tin- loui-r proxi mil I'lid of oiio InuiH- verxe !*«*rics of jfriidatu veiidotf* ln'twouii it und tlw |)iiiUMry Hcctor. lii 'IVi- lt(»(',liryH!i it niiiis in a duddodly /Ai^av^ eourse, in tlio wuiio gonond direction lis in NolliodiryHii in itn proxiuiid lialf, iiiid tlion Hhiftft Hiiddeidy to alii^lior luvul and follovvrt tlierciaftcM- a zij^za;;' dircnrtion ntjarly paiallel to the coxta, thron;,di tiie very middle of the wiii^', joiniM}>', that is, the traiisversf seriiM of <4radate veinlets and inakinj,^ them a part t»f itself. Triltochrysa further dilVersfrom Nolhoclny.sauiid a^trees wifli I'alii'oi'hiysa in the slender nmnlx-r of secondary sectors or ohlirpU3 ciHws-veins, no that tho cella are larger and less elonf^ated than in Nothochrysa and (Mnysopa, standiiiyf thus at a wiiler distance from IIem(!rol)ius. The result of this movement of the tu'st cubital vein is usiudly a strikin;^- iueipiaiity of the cells on either side of it, in con- trast to their uniformity in I'aheochrysa. There is here, therefore, as in I'aheochrysa, no transverse series of yradate veiidi^ts in the proper sense, as both series are directly united with the two culiital veins. A sonuiwhat similar arraii;;<'ment may be seen in Nothochrysa fulviceps, althoii^ii that sj)ecies ditfeis fnan thesi; more widely than most of its allies in the midti- pHcity of its secondarv sectors. The same double cubital cell occurs beloW- the second subradial cell as is found in Nothochrysa and i'aheochrysa
Tile species [ilaced here seem to fall into two groups, one of the spe(;ies dltVerinii' from the others in being of a coMsideral)lv laiger size, having its tirst cubital \('in originate diret^tly from tho radius, the proximal cells which lie above it less elongated fhan in the other species, and the upper (double) cubital cell (piadrangular.
Tiihle of the »j)ede» of Tribochr^ta.
Liirm' Hiii'ciis. First ctiljital vein arising .lircctly from the radius: llrst tiixiisviirw vein coiiui'rtiii)? radiiin ami first ciiliilal viiii l.viiit; in iliriit cimtiimatiDU of tlu'iTiiHs-vriii liosiiif; tlu' iiroxiiual I'liil of tlio ilonlilc ciiliiliii cell, makiiij; tin- ii|i|(ur, as well as tlic^ lowci'. cell iiiia(lraii},'iilar.
I. T. vrluxiiila.
Siiiallur H|>eeieH. I'irsi cul>ita! vinii arisiiij; fimii a liasal eross-veiii luiitiny tlie railiiis ami second
eiiliital vein ; lirst transverse vein coniieitinK radius ami lirsi . iil>ital vein strikiiin the upper
iiiar;;in of the double cubital cell, iiiakiii;; the upiier I'ell iieni.i^joual, while the lower remains
i|uadran<;nlar.
Elongated proximal cells between the maiu sector lie radius and the lirst cubital vein, four in
niuulier, followed by half a (h>/,en cells of suIh .1 dlauieters 'i. T. iiwinalis.
Klonj;ate(l proxinials cells, as above, I liree in number, followed by live cells of subequal iliamoti^rs.
;i. 7'. flrmuta.
170
TKKTIAin INSi:«TS Ol" NOK'TII AMKKICA.
1. 'I'KiHitciiKVHA vivrrscii.A.
I'l. I I. I'iK. i».
'I'lio stone on wliitli tlio siiiy;!*) >i|u>ciiiu>ii it'tV'iTod lu're occiirs hits iinfoi'tiMiiitcly l)ccii broken acrnss t)it> \vin;;s, and the apinil half in h)Ht ; othi'iwisc ihf spccinicn woiihl ho nearly perfect, the head, tlionix, ovch, and antenna- liein;;' well pn'sei'veil, 'i'lie antenna' arn nnnsniilly short, hcin^ a little shorter than the IhhIv and in*n'e taperhi<; than nsnal in this family. The heail is well nnnidi'd, tlio oyes neither very larf^o nor jM-omi-
nent, tiie prothorax taperni;; a little iintenorly, tlie huU'a a little arcuate, the front slightly connive.
()nlv the hiisal half of the wiii'^s liein;;' preserved, little can he said of them, hnt the costal inar^nn and area are much as in 'V. tirinata, and the lieuratioti is ,s(> pecniiar as to separate the species readily Iroin the others; there ar»' alunit a ilo/.eii transvers*' veins in the costal area; the transverse veins iiiiitin}.'' the radius and its .sector are rather inon* niiineroiis than in the other species of the ;;'eniis; the cross-vein nnitin;;' at I ia.se the .sector and the first cnhital vein strikes the latter so as to form a (*oiitiniiatioii of the vein closiii;r lia.sallv the (h)iihle cnhital cell : the upper of these two cells is scarcely smaller than the lower; the upper cnhital vein arises directlv from the radius without the support of a hasal cross-vein; and the proximal cells hetweeii the sector of the radius and the upper cnhital waw are, exceptint; the first (which is of irr«-}^ular shape), not .so disproportion- ntely larjic as in the other sju-cies, hein;; less than half as hioad aj^aiti .is lou;;', aliont as l(»n<f as the subradial cells, and only a little (d)lique, dlffer- inj."- ii all these respects from hoth the other species
Length of hody (estiiiiated). 12""": of head and thorax, 4. .'>"'"■ ; antenna', 11""": leii^rth of wiii<fs as j)re.served, 9.5"'"' ; probable full length, 14'"'": presumed breadth, 4.:)""".
Florissant, One specimen. No. 11204.
2, TrIHO('HKV,SA INKCiUALI.S.
TrihovUryHa ineiiuaUx .Scmlil., Zittol, Hamlli. d. I'alj'ont., I, ii, TT7, Ki^. '.HJ (lss.">).
The single specimen referred lii-re has all the wings superiinjwsed on one another, but in ad<liti(jn a portion of the slender antenna- and the large globular eyes can be ,seen, with faint traires of the head, thora.x, and abdomen.
\
UKUKorXKUA— I'l.ANII'KNMA— IIKMKHOItlNA.
171
AlinOHt till) (Mitini iKMii'ution of tlu' iipin-r \vinj( ciiii Ih' luiidt* out ii« wt;ll an tlio lowur Imlf of timt of tin* iindt-i' win;; ; thu front wiii;>' is tlirt'o tiiiK^rt iin loii^r' iiH broiid, tho contiil intir^riii iiiiifoniily urcliud, tlio Imrtiil c>.\|iHiiHioii fonniii;,'' only a n^gidar part of tlio riirvti : tlu< lowt'r iiiar^nn is similarly curved Itut Mot very full, tlio winy' lu-in;;' broadest nearly as tar tint as the middle of the ouli-r half; the costal area is not vi-ry broad nor une<|ual; thu subcostal vein terminati's at tho eml of the middle third uf the win^, and is connected with the costa by twelve or thirteen cross-veins, mostly sliy:htly <)bli(|UO. There are ten subradiul cells. TIk) upper cultital vein, which springs from a slaal cross-vein nnitin^r the radius an<l lower (-ultital vein, in the middle of its course and somewhat beyond the niitldle of the win;;' shifts suddenly to a hi;^'her level and follows thereafter ti direi^tion nearly paralhd to the costal, instead of, as before, the iinuu' mar;;'in ; in the first half of its course it runs below the miildle of tin* win;;, in the latter half abovt^ it; conse(|Uently the four cells which lie between its proximal half and tlu; sui)- costa are very nnich elon;>'ated subrhondxtidal in form, the first subtrian;>'nlar, while beyond the shift they are somewhat re;;ularly h(^xa;><)nal ; on tho other hand tho cubital cells, scarcely lon;fer than broad at first, boconio in tho outer part of the win;;' twice as broad as Ion;>' and also very «>bli(pie. The basal cubital cell is divided lon;;'itU(linally into two nnecpial parallel cells, the upper the narrower; the cross-veins next the low«'r mar;''in are simple in tin? basal half of tho win;;, simply or doulily forked on the distal half. The postcostal terminates abruptly on tho hind mar;;'in, slightly far- ther out than the ori;''in of the sector of the radius, and is connected near the apex by a crctss-vein which is the coutinuaticm of that closing basallv tho double cubital cell. The neuratiitn of the hind wing, only tho lower half of which is preserved, does not differ from that of tho front wing in the slightest essential |)articnlar.
Thif'i species ditlers fntm T. tirmata, to whiidi it is dosel)' allied, by its larger .size, the gre.-iter ninidter of cells Ik'Iow the sector (as indicated in the table of the species), and its broader costal area.
Length of 1 tody, 11"""; t)f front wing, 14.7")"'"'; breadth of same, 4.8"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. IW'2.
172
TEUTIAKV INSHCTS OF >'ORTll AMBUICA.
3. Triuochkysa firmata.
PI. U, Fifis. «, 7, 10, 11.
Two specimens are at liaiitl, each in .v pretty good state of i)ieservatioii, showing- Iiead and antenna', the body and wing's, the hitter generally some- what contused In overlapping or folding. The head is rather small as com- pared with the thorax, and '.veil rounded, with moderately prominent eyes, and antenna- a fourth longv than the body ; the prothorr^x is also rather slender, tapering considerably, and about as long as its posterior breadth. The thorax is stout and the al)domeii half as long again as the head and tiiorax. The wings are about thi't e times as long as broad, broadest in the middle of the distal half, the co.stal margin pretty straight in the middle, rather rapidly sloping basally, and very rapidly curviiig almost bending downward apiia.ly, the apical margin rounded, subacnminate, the apex rather below the middle : the inner margin is regularly and gently curved. The subcostal vein joins the costal (not shown on plate) a little beyond the middle of the distal half of the wing, and the costal area thus formed is occu- j)ied by about a dozen or more straight cros.s-veins ; there are only eight or liine subradial cells, and the cells in the .series below thi.s, while agreeing in general character with tliose of "^1". ine(jualis, are less numerous than there, there being only three elongated cells directly beneath the sector of the radius and oidy live e(piiaxial cells in the same series beyond them.
The two specimens show very little ditierence excepting in size, though on that account they were at first presuujed to be distinct.
Length of ijody, S.o-T.To""" : of antenna', 9.ri-10.5""" (in the larger specimen iH» doubt imi)erfect) : breadth of head, 1-(».S">""" ; of thorax, !.(>- 1.")™'"; lengtli of fore wing, 11.2.")-9.7r)""" ; breadth of same, .•J.Ho-a.-if)"'™.
Floris.sant. Two specimens, Nos. 670, 87'J2.
m
Family PANORPID^ Stephens.
If the Liassic genus Orthophlebia is to be referred to this family, tins group must have Ijeen as abundant in Mesozoic times as now. Only a few Tertiary specK's are, however, known, and those hitherto described have unspotted wings like their ancestors of the secondary epoch. Three species of Bittacus and one of Panorpa have been described from the European
NEUUUPTEKA— PLANll'ENNlA— l*ANOUl'lJ).K.
173
beds, Jill but one (a Bittacns) from amber, this Bittacus, the only relic from Tertiary roi-ks in P^uropc, coming' from Radoboj.
The additions \\(^ have ii(!re to offer are of some interest. Two species have been found, botli of which have heavily spotted win^s, more lieavily spotted than most Iivin<»' types ; one of tlies(% a small species, is referred to Panorpa, thoug-h doubtfully, as it differs so nnich from known types; the other unquestionablv belongs to a distinct genus having no special alliances with any known forms, liotli conui from Florissant. The markings of one form dark, transverse Ijaiids on dear ground, of the other large, roundish, pale bloloi.i^s on a dusky ground. (O('tol)er, 1883.)
The Florissant genera may be thus distinguished:
Table of the yenera <■/ Punorpitiii .
Riiniiili'H of upper briiiii;l> of riuliii" ' .ierior ; inarkinjjs cons'iHtiiijj; of lurpe pale Hpots on a dark groinid 1. Ilolcorjia.
Rnmuli'M of upper liraucli oi rai'.ii^ superioi c apu'al ; niarkiunN cousistini; of dark transver.se liaiiiU on a olear ;;round 2. I'aiwipa.
1. IlOi.CORl'A Scudder.
IJolcorpa Seudd., lin.' II S. (ie(d. (ieofjr. Surv. Terr., IV, :A(i-:A-i (1878).
This '.iani(>' is proposed for a genus of Panorpiihv, nncpiestionably allied to Panorpit, but differing remarkiil)ly from it in the total al)sence of croas-nervules in the wings, excepting, perluips, at the base. The antenniu are probably not very long (thev are not completely preserved in the single specimen studied), taper very griulually in size, are composed of joints only a little longer than broad, not in the least degree moniliforni. and furnished with recumbent hairs. The wings are no , .so elongated nor so slender as in Panorpa, very regularly rounded, both pairs similarly formed, the hinder pair shorter than the front pair, as in Panorpji. The costa is thickened, the subcosta extends beyond the middle of the wing-, but does not reach the pterostigma; the radius emits a superior fork near the base of the wing-, which strikes the pterostigma, or, rather, which, by bending downward and then upward, forms th(i pterostigma in tlu^ middle of the apical third of the wing; the radius again forks in a similar maimer still far before the middle of the wing, the upper branch emitting three })arallel, equidistant, inferior branchlets, the uppermost close to the margin next tiie pterostigma, the lowest striking the apex o: the wing; the lower radial branch forks
' Tlie n.inie I have niven nIiouIi'i perhaps he written Holehorpa; hui I have disregarded the aspi- rate, as Linu6 did in euuslruel iiig I'liiorpa.
174
TKKTIAKY INSECTS OF NOKTll AMKUIOA.
below the mitUllo bmnclilet of the upper nuliiil briiiich. All these veins, excepting the pterostignuitic. termination of the nppcrniost brinich of the radial, are straijij'ht. The cnbitus is also straij^lit until it forks a litthi before the middle of the wiii;^- ; its upper braneh is a little eurveil, and divides just below the forkinj^' of the lowest radial braneh ; its lower braneh forks almost innnedi;itel\ , emittin<2^ at onee three veinlets, the middle one of which is nearly contii.nons with tlu* n^iin stem, the others curving' in opposite senses on either si^le of it. Below this the veins are not so readily determinable, and their description i^ omitted until further sj)eciniens are obtained ; the only variation in the neuration of the two wings consists in the middle fork of the lower branch of the cubitus, wliicli, in the hind wii'g, is not con- tinuous with tli(» main stem, l)nt originates a very little beyond tin; others from the lower foi'k. The legs are spinous throughout ; the tibia- an^ also armed at the tip with \-ery long, straight, parallel spurs, and the tarsal joints with slioit spurs. The abdonu'U is greatly elongated, the first four joints sube([nal and nearly as bmad as the slender thorax, but as a whole tapering slightly, and not greatly surpassed by the wings, the following joints greatly attenuated, the ninth, or terminal joint, composing- the for- ceps, unfortunately lost.
A fossil species referred to I'anorpa, ai:d figured by Ihodie' from the Purbeck beds of Kngland (I'anorpa gracilis (Jieb.), is veiy small, and pos- siblv ' av '■ more nearlv related to Ilolcorpa than to Panorpa, for while the general airangi-mcut of tlie veins, with the notable exception of the cubital, is similar to what is found in Ilolcorpa and ver\ ditl'erent fioin their disposition in Panorpa, no cross-veins whatever can l)e traced, 'i'he figure, however, is too small, coarsely executed, and is described by Gie- beP as supplied abundantly with cross-veins! It certainly is not in my copy of Jirodie's work
IIoL(oi;i'.\ .MAcn.osA.
I'l. 14, Fip.s. 4, 'j.
Iltilniipii miicitliiiKi SlimIiI.. Hull. 1'. S. (iifil. Surv. IVrr., H', .')4!j (187-'); in /illil, HaiKlW. d. ritlii'ont.,
I, ii, 778, Kij,'. itS4(IHS,-.).
A single specimen with beautifully preserved wings ami fragnuuits of the rest <if tiie body. Tlw, antenna' (which are not fnlly preserved) appear to have been more tlian half as long as the wings, the middN* joints 0.17"""
' I'osH. Ins. Scr. I{i>iks KiikI.. pi. .'i, Ii;;. IS. •' Ins, ilii \'iii\v., •J.'iS.
i
NEUKOl'TEBA— PLANIPENNIA— PANORlMDJi.
175
long and O.U"'"' broad. The wings are less than three tiraes as long as
broad, and very regularly rounded ; the (postal vein (especially on the front
wing) is thickened and covered with cl.)sely clustered, minute, spinous
hairs, and similar black hairs follow in a single row the base of the radial
and cubital veins. The wings are very dark, with large white or pale spots,
of which three are most conspicuous, occurring similarly on all the v.uki-s.
One, of a subquadrate or subovate form, broader than long, lies scarcely
beyond the middle of the wing, extending from the costa to the upper branch
of the cubital vein ; another, nearly as large and similar in form, is subapi-
cal, extending from just beyond the last fork of the upper branch of the
radial vein to or just beyond the upper fork of the lowest branch of the
same ; a third, smaller, transversely oval sjmt, lies next the inner border,
below and a little outside the first mentioned, being situated just beneath
the forking of the upper branch of the cubital vein ; there is also more or
less pale domliness about the basal half of the wing, and white flecks may
be seen at viu-ious points near the tip, especially below the subapical spot.
The abdomen resembles souiewhat that of the remarkable Panorpa nemato-
gaster M'Lachl. fVom Java, where it is greatly elongated, and possesses a
curious appendage to the third joint. In the fossil species, the first three
joints, tak.^n together, taper gradually and slightly, and the third may have
had a peculiar api)endage at its tip, as the edge is not entire, but appears
deeply excavated in tln^ middle, possibly due, however, to its imperfect
preservation ; the basal half of the fourth joint partakes of the tapering of
the abdomen, but its apical half is swollen and its hiiul margin broadly
rounded ; the fifth and sixth joints are a little longer and nuich slenderer
than the preceding, sube(puil nnd cylindrical ; the fifth depressed on either
side at the base by a pair of fovea; ; the seventh again nuu-li smaller, linear
or not half the width of the sixth, increasing slightly in sizt; apicallv; the
eighth as large at base as the seventh at tip, enlarging slightly apically, and
all the joints together half as long again as the wings. Most unfortunately,
the apical joint is lost. The specimen is evidently a male.
Length of insect (excluding claw of abdomen), 30""" ; of abdomen (ex- cliulingclaw),2:r""'; of front wing, 18"""; breadth of same, 5 o"""; length of hind wing, 10.5"""; breadth of same, fV""' ; length of (fore or middle) tibial spurs, 1"""; of one of the (hind?) tarsal joints, 1.2""". Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. 03.
176
TEUTIAUV INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
2. I'ANOHPA Liiim^.
A siii^'lt' species (if tliis i^cims li;is been discovered in the Tertiaries of Europe (aiiil)er) and wo add another from the Florissant beds. The former has the wings of a nnil'orm ash-jir.iy. 'Vlw wiiij^s of the hitter are heavily banded, very much more heavily tJiaii in most modern types. The Hving representativi's of this ^■•('uiis lu-hm;;- to the northern hemisphere, and in our own conntry range from Canaihi to Mexico, so tliat the presence of the geiins at Fhiri.ssant hns no particidar meaning.
Paxoki'a kkuda.
The single specimen belonging here shows the tapering, attenuated abdomen of n female with the larger part of most of tin* wings, of which only the front pair are preserved in any recognizable manner. These show the nenr;it!i>n toleraliK' well, and it .agrees lietter with th(; lixing I'anoi'pa than with the contempor.nieous Holcoipa : iiiit tiie snbcosta is nnnsnallv short, reaciiing jnst to tlie middle of the wing, an<l the cidss- veins are ftMV in nniiihi ••. Tlie wing is traversed \>\ rather narrow tr.iiisverse behs of a (hirk coh)r, on a (dear gi'oniid, placed at (Mpiidistant intervals, liesi(h's hav- ing the entire apex of tlu- wing dark ; t!iese ladts are sli t with straight edges; one traverses the middle of the wing, one lies outside ot it midway between it and the apical patch, and a third as far from it toward the base of the wing; the clear area between these belts is twice as liroad as the behs themselves. The costa is stout. The legs are xcry long and very slender, the tibia' rather sparsely spined.
Length of wings (cstiniiited i, 1 1"""; breadth of same, 3..")"""; length of aiidomen (estimated), ; """; (hind.') tiliia, (iirobably) 5""".
Floris.saiit. < )nt; specimen. No. 3"_'13.
Family TRICHOPTERA Kirby.
The raritv of remains of caddis-Hies in tin* Tertiary rocks of Europe 's not a littl(! surprising. Oiilv three species have been figured and a fourth .« ntioned, all apparently represented liy single specimens (from Ai.\, Parschlng, Mombaidi, and the !sh» of Wight). Another species has been descrilie(| from (Jreenland bv Ileer and from Chagrin Valley, Colorado, liy inysidf. That the} were abiindiint is proven Iiy the •' 'sciipiion o' ■ ui.ier-
?
>
i I
NETTllOPTRRA— TRICHOPTERA.
177
0U8 larval cnHos from diflFerent regions of Europe, but especially from Au- vergno in France; it is also proven by their abundance where vire should at first little look for them, in the Prussian ambor, where, according to Ilagen, they are more luimerous than any other group of insects, excepting Dijjtera, and comprise more than half the Neuroptera and Pseudoneuroptera combined. Twenty-five species have l)een described (by Hagen and Pic- tet) and several others mentioned (1)}' them and by Kolenati) from amber, a large proportion belonging to the I ly dropsy chidic and especially to Polycentropus, of which eleven species are described.
Trichoptera are, however, by no means rare at Florissant, and, as stated above, a single species has been described from western Colorado. Indeed, the Neuroptera from the prolific lake bed of Florissant are made up in large part of Trichoptera, of which many hundred specimens have been obtained. The larger part of them, indeed, are indeterminable, but there are about one hundred specimens which sliow the nenration of the wings or other characteristic, part with some distinctness; and while all the remains of perfect insects from the European rocks are referred to the single sub- family of Phryganida), at Florissant Limnophilida), Leptoceridro, and espe- cially IT}'dropsychid.ie, are also represented. The species of this last men- tioned group are also much more prolific in individuals, and the preponder- ance in species would be even more marked were we able to include here all the species really found, since most of those which are too imperfect to bo brought forward evidently belong to this group. All these groups, and indeed all the subfamilies of Trichoptera, are represented in the Prussian amber. Hydropsychid.ne are by far the most numerous, as in our own Tertiaries. Then follow in the order of al)undance Leptoceridw, Sericos- toniidu!, Phryganidae, Rhyacophilidfc and Hydroptilidae, and Limnophilidge, the last liaving but one representative.
Wliile, as Ave have said, the bulk of the specimens of Neuroptera found at Florissant belong to the caddis-flios, the specific variety of such as will bear descrij)tioi) is not quite so gr-jat, as 40 per cent of all belong here ; but in relation to any one other large group the number of species greatly preponderates, as the group next in sis'.e in point of species is the Odonata, which has less than 20 per cent. It is not a little curious to compare this statement with Pictet's concerning the amber caddis-flies: "Of about one liundred and twenty Neuroptera examined by me sixty-
VOL XI! I 12
178
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEli/CA.
<;Hi
five were PhrygiuuMjr, and of fifty species deacrihed hy me twenty-two [44 per cent] beloiifr to this fiimily." Of these sixty-five, moreover, forty were referred to the Ilydropsychidav H}i<ren, witli about seven times as many specimens before him, conies to nearly the same conchision, for he says tliat nearly fiO per cent of the specimens of Nenroptera are (Nuldis-flies, and thirty-nine of the eighty-seven species of Nenroptera given in his table, or 45 per cent, are referred to the Trichoptera.
In this enui. legation no a-'r^ount has been taken of the occurrence of larval cases of caddis-flies in Tertiary dej)osits, to whic^h reference was made aliove. Auvtrgne has been famous for these which form the so-called indusial limestone deposits, so abundant are they. They were described b\ liosc as long ago as the year XIII (ISOf)) and recently have been dis- tinguished by Oustalet under two distinct names. Hepp also described Phrvganea blumii from cases found at Leistadt and Ileer 1*. anticpui from Oeiiingen. A single one has even been found in amber, with its entombetl larva, and Fritsch describes one from the Cretaceous o( Hohemia. In this country Dr. Pciile discovered similar remains, which I liave described as Indusia cilculnsa. The two fragments -jf rocks brought home from the lo- cality in Wyoming fornicd doubtless the floor of a former body of water and are thickly crowded with ca.ses lying in every direction. It is very probable that at least those described here and by Hose and Oustalet be- long to the Linmopliilida>. That in the abundant fauna found in the lake basin of Floris.sant, incbuling, as we see, large nund)er of caddis-flies, not a single larval case should have yet been found seems a little remarkable, and the more so since not a fi;\\ belong to groups, the larva> of which are known to prefer standing to running water. It is hardly to be believed that *]u' streams in the; neighltorliood of this ancient lake alKamded in the larva' of caddis-flies, while the v.aters of the lake itself were destitute of them. It should be remend)en'd, however (1), that the species which con struct cases of conspicuous size out of hard materials mostly belong to the Limnophilidie, of which Florissant furnishes but one species; (2), that the larva; of the prevailing group, irydropsycliida', more connnonly inhabit running water, and that their cases are made* of grains of stone alHxed to larger stones ; (3), that the l)ottom of the lake in which tlie insect de|)osits occur nowhere has .shown, as fiir as I have seen, any sign of stones large eiumgh to have .served as a ]»asis for the attachment of the smaller grains
( 1
I
NEDROPTRKA— TRICHOPTERA— HTDROPSYCHIDJB.
179
which alone are found, and that therefore the larvaj of Ily dropsy chidse must have frequented perforce the neighboring streams, where such larger stone surfaces could have been found. If cases should be found they will be likely to be those of the larger Phryganidrc (next most abundant after the Hydropsychidre), composed of vegetable fragments. Three specie." and seven specimens only of this group have been found. (February, 1884.)
Subfamily HYDROPSYCHin^E Curtis.
Although no members of this group have been found iu t'le stratified deposits of the Old World, about half of the numerous species described from the Baltic amber belong to it, including several genera. It is interest- ing, therefore, to find that about three-fourths of the Florissant caddis-flies described in this work belong here, and in the material too poorly preserved to bring before the public the greater part also belong here. Here, too, the species seem to be far the most abundant iu individuals. Among those de- scribed below are not a few very aberrant forms, which I have been at a loss to determine, as certain of them seem on some accounts to be more nearly related to the Leptoceridfe. At the present day tlie subfomily appears also to be the most numerous in species in the northern hen\isphere, and they are found all over the world. The larva; more connnonly frequent running than standing water, make fixed cases, and are believed to be to a large extent carnivorous.
Table, of the genera of JJiidropniichidtv.
(Only tho extinct, ni^wlyilenoribcd i;fii«r!i, in whicli tlio liftli iii)ical cell and sometimes some of the other np'oal cells of tlm fore wings are wauting, are bore tubulated.) First apical cell present.
Second apical cell present.
Median cellule unn-third or scarcely more than one-third .is U)ng as the wing ..3. Derobroch m. Median cellule one-half as long as the wing 4. Utah v. ..«.
Serond apical cell absent 5. Lfplnhroehiis.
First apical cell aliseiit.
Diseoidal cell open 6. MeMhrochiis.
Oiscoidal cell closed 7. Paladkelta.
t
1. TIYDROPSYCIIE Pi.tet.
The two species placed here by us from tlie American Tertiaries are referred to tho genus in its ancient wide .senso tis |•epl•esentati^'e of the group to which it belongs. No fossils havt* previously l)oen referred to it.
180
TEBTIARY INSKOTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Hydropsyche? operta.
PI. 5, Fij{8. 52. 53. rkrugaiim operta Scndd.. Hnll. U. 8. Gflol. Oeour. 8urv. Terr., Ill, 702 (1877).
A siiij^^lo well preserved Hpoclmen with its reverse; the wings are doubled beneath the body, and unfortunattfly are overlaid by the larva skin of a dipterous insect, obliterating all the important parts of the neuration. 0»i this account it is ini]>ossible to delernnno it with any certainty, but it can not be referred to the Pl.ryganidte proper, from its slender antennre and long and slender logs. Renewed study of the specimen since the above was publi^iied in tiie Bulletin leads me to believe that it is one of the Ilydropsy- chidii3 and j)rol)ably not far removed from Polycentropus, but the vena- tion is too obscure to enable one to speak confidently. The first fork, how- ever, appears to be brief and upcurved, exactly as in Polycentropus and not as given in the plate. The head is detached from the bovly, and faint traces of the antenuje are preserved, but detached ; apparently there are two pairs of spurs to what appear to be the miildle tibia), and the sj)ines of the under edge of the same tibia* are numerous. The abdomen is very well preserved on a side view.
Length of body, S""" ; (portion of) antenna-, 7""" ; tarsi, S.f)"'" ; wings, 10"°.
Chagrin Valley, Wiiite River, Colorado, W. Denton.
IIyDKOPSVCHE .MAHCEN8. I 'I. ir., FifT. 7.
Only two Mpeclniclis of this spctcies are known ; it seems to have a some- what peculiar neuration,' but its imperfection induces me to place it in the genus Ilydropsyclie in a general sen.se. The front wings are very long and slender, large.st beyond tW middle of the iipiciil half, the apical margin rounded but with a slight acumination. The ncnrafion is incorrectly given in the plate. No cross-veins can bo accurately determined, but it seems apparent that the discoidal cell must bo of unusual size, and (-vcii larger than the njoclian cellule, wliicli, on the other hand, must be rather smaller than usual. The le<;s and antenna? are lonj; and slender.
Length of body, 9"""; of front wings. '.)-<).[)'""'; of hind legs, B"".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1018, 11205.
NEUltOl'TEUA-TmoUOPTEKA— UYDKOl'8YUilll>.K.
181
2. POLYCKNTROPITS Curtis.
This i» an important group oi' caddis-flies to the paleontologist, since nearly one-half o' the many i)hryganid8 described from the Prussian amber belong to it, and is interesting to find that we have at least one species in our own rocks. The present distribution of the species is mainly in Europe and North America, where tliey are ncmerous, with a few recorded Trom Ceylon. The larviv, according to McLaclilan, inhabit shallow, rapid streams, and form, Pictet says, no firm cases until about to change to pupaj. In speaking of the abundance of this grouj) in the amber fauna McLachlan says: "Insects referred to Polycentropus in its broad sense seem to have been very common in the Tertiary period when amber was formed thoir habit of concealing ihemselvesin the crevices of the bark of trees probably caused their entanglement in the resin and subsequent fossilization."*
'
Polycentropus exesus.
A delicate winged, sparsely clothed species with exceedingly delicate antenna;. The body is moderately slight, the head small ; basal joint of antenna; very stout, subglobular, the remainder thread-like, reaching back beyond the closed wings, the joints three to four times longer than broad and narrowly ringed with black at the incisures. Legs poorly preserved in most of the specimens, but only moderately slender, the tarsi rather densely spinous. Wings moderately slender, broadest at the anastomosis, the apex ratlnjr broadly roundiMl, tolerably clear, but with heavily infuscated veins; the discoidal is nnich longer than the median cellule, and the second apical cell is longer than the third and fourth, and of about equal length with the fifth; the anastomosis above the fifth fork lies in a curve Hiiliiiiirullel to the apical maigin.
Length of body, 7.5"'"' ; of front wing, 8""" ; width of same, 2.6"" ; length ofantonnic, 11"""; of hind tibia", 4"""; of hind tarsi, ;3.5""".
Florissant. Nine specimens, Nos. (J7, 571, 314.'5, 7428, 7873, 9549, 10501, 12441, 13520.
Tricboi>tero Europ. fauna, aOS.
182 TEKTIAKY INSECTS OK NOKTU AMEltlOA.
P0LYCENTROPIJ8 (?) EVIBATIIS, ri. 13, Fij,'. 7,
A Hiiigle specimen with its reverse is placed \\vrv proviHioimlly HJmply from its genenil resembliuioe to species of tliis j^roiip. A crushed body, heavily scaled wings, an antenna, and a fragment of a leg are all that remain Tiie body is stout and appartiitly clothed densely. The antenna is rather slender, tapering, about as half as long as the wings, and com- posed of joints of etpial length anl breadth. The wings are folded some- what, so that their form can not fidly l)e seen, but they are apparently not slender and are very denselv scaled, concealing all neuration ; the costal margin is very gently and slightly convex, curving downward to the apex only at the very tip, the apex far above the n)iddle of the wing, and the apical margin ol)li(pie, straight, not retreating rapidly.
Length of body, 11"""'; of front wing, 10..")"""; of antennre, 5""".
Florissant. One spei-imen, Nos. V22l)9 and 12240.
3. DEROHUOCHIJS gen. nov. (St,p6?, fip6xo?).
A largo proportion, both of the specimens and species, of Florissant caddis-Hies seems to belong to this new typo of llydrop-sychichv, which is allied to Polycentropus in many of its features, but is remarkable for the length of the cells and for the apparent want of any fifth a])ical cell. The median cellule, which is generally longer than the discoidal, is often one- third, or even more than one-tiiird, the length of the wing, and the lower branch of the ujjper cubitus runs straight or nearly straight to the margin, bending sometimes near the cross-vein which, near the margin, connects it with the vein below. The uppermost apical cell, as in Polycentrojjus, is small, and in general the affinity of this genus to that is niarkcid ; but the absence of the fifth apical cell is believed to be suflicient ground for generic distinction, as that cell is generally found throughout the family. The cross-vein uniting the upper and lower cnbitals is variously situated.
Table <»/ the specitu of Dirobruchiis,
Base of lirst apital toll of front wing not, or scurculy, fartln;r Iroin thu root of the wing tliiin tlin biiHc of Hoini'ot rill' other upiciil forku. First upii'ul coil almost as long iis tlio W'conil ; tliis not groutly longer than tlio th.rd . . 1. /'. abstractuB. First apic.'il ci-U much shortiT than tho seroud ; this nearly twice as long as the thinl.
First apiial cell longer than the fonrtli V. I), titnulenliiii.
First apical cell shorter than the fourth.
First apical cell curving upward i. !>■ cnmiiioratuu.
First apical cull with no upward curve 0. D. /riytacum.
NEUllOI'TEKA— TKICUOFTKUA— IIYDKOI'HYCIIID.K.
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RaiiH ufHrit npiuiil iwll couaidoi'ttbly, or vory miioli, furtbur from tho root of the wliig tUiiii tliK liwaa of any oHht i»|iiiiiil fork. Tlilril iiiiii roiii'tli .pic'iil riilh iilioiit i«iimlly diNlitrit fnun liic'
Hdmiiid tt|iioiil cull \im» Miitii (iiio-thiril nn Unin nK<»ii i*» thu Jhlril X J). nlernuH.
HuL'oixi apiiMil i'kU lialfitH Imi^ ii;;aiii iin tlio tlilnl &, D. mariidni.
Fourth itplctti (!oll ruiiuhiiiK iiiuuh iiou'-cr tlie ItuHu tliiin the thil>l 7, 1). eraliriif.
1. DEUoHRocmr.s aiistbactuh.
A siufrlo 8|)eciinon, pr^Herved on ii sido view, ho hs to hIiow tho upper liulf oFtlio nmlur surt'uce of the rij^iit front wiiij/-, and in iiddition the upper surface of tlio wliole of tho left front wiiijr, overlying tho hind wiiij^ iind c(»nfuHin<;- the neiirati. n. Little besideH the wiiif^H can be neeri, but the stout cylindrical ba.sal joint of the antenuic apin-ars, followed by a few sim- ilar but much slenderer joints. The front wing is slender, subaouminate at tip, the costal nargin fallfng toward tho tip at about the same angle as the apical margin retreat < from it, the apex itself rounded off, and rather above the middle line of the wing. The first apical cell is reinarkaldy long, the fork originating at the end of tho middle third of the wing, and of tho sani(« length as the third apical cell ; the seiioiid U[)ical r-ell is oidv a little longer. The wing is apj)arently clear, with the veins narrowly marked with fuscous and faintly irrorate with fuscous at their tips.
Length of body, 9'"'" ; of front wing, ll""; width of same, 3.3 ""».
FlorissHiit. One specimen. No. 1)377.
2. Dekohkociius cvenulentuh.
This species is represented again by a single specimen, showing a dor- sal view of a vague l)ody with outstretched front wings, one of which is nearly conij)lete and tolerably well preserved, showing a portion at least of the neuration with clearness. The wing is not so acuminate as in the pre- ceding species and the ape.\ is in the middle of the wing. The first apical cell though long is shorter than in D. iibstractus, but extends farther i oward the base than either the third or fourth cell, these last being much shorter than in the preceding species. The discoidal cell is apparently fully as long as tho median cellule, but its limits are not clearly marked ; the latter is as long as the fourth fork and very slender. The wing appears to be clear with infuscated veins, and the whole costal margin broadly but faintly infuscated.
Length of wing, 8.5"""; breadth of same, 2.6'"°'; length of median cel- lule, 2'"'".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14444.
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184
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
3. Derobrochus ^ternus.
Thia species is again represented by a single specimen but in a better state of preservation than the preceding forms, it presents a side view with the upper front wing well preserved, and the lower, though visible by drooping, obscure. The legs are tolerably well preserved but confused ; they are sparsely clothed with hairs and the tibial spurs can not properly be distinguished. The front wing is slender, broadest only a little way beyond the middle, the apex well rounded, and the apical margin very oblique but full. The discoidal and median cells are about equally long and slender and nearly as long as the second apical cell, which is fully one-third the length of the entire wing. The third and fourth apical cells are of about equal length and nearly twice as long as the first. The anastomosis is very simple, the cross-veins closing the discoidal cell and uniting the sector and cubitus falling together just beyond the origin of the second apical fork. The wing as preserved is clear in the apical fourth but elsewhere irrorate with fuscous, the veins everywhere infuscated.
Length of front wing, 9.75°""; breadth, 4.1°"".
Florissant One specimen. No. 5308.
4. Derobrochus commoratus.
A species closely allied to the last described, and mainly distinguisha- ble from it by its shorter and much slenderer wings. A number of speci- mens appear to belong here, but none of them are very well preserved. The body is slender, the legs long and slender, but with rather stout femora, the front legs short an<l slight. There is a single pair of spurs on the front legs, and two pairs on the hind legs. The front wings are pretty uniforndy fuliginous with fuscescent veins ; it is very slender, broadest close to the apex, the tip rounded and placed considerably above tho middle, the apical margin much less oblique than in D. aeternus. The neuration is identical with that species.
Length of body, 8.5""" ; of front wing, 9" length of fore femora, 1.6'°" ; of fore tibia, l.l™ of hind tibia, 2.6'"™.
Florissant. Ten specimens, Nos. 2661, 3237, 334S, 3350, 6848, 13539, 13542 and 14170, 14029, 14171, 14312.
breadth of same, 2.75° of middle femora, 3.25°
r-
T
NEUKOPTERA— TRIOHOPTEKA— HYDROPSYOHID^.
185
6. Derobrochus marcidus. PI. 16, Fig. 2.
A slender winged, griseoua species, not far removed from D. commo- ratus. The body, however, is toloidbly stout, densely clothed, the head sPiall, with very slender pale antenna;, the basal joint stout and globular, the other joints slender, about twice as long as broad, and narrowly ringed apically with fuscous. The legs are very long and delicate, the middle and hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Front wings griseous, rather heavi'.y clothed with hairs, especially along the veins, which are thereby duskier ; they are slender, well rounded at the apex, and not acuminate, as would appear from the figure, where the wing is partially folded ; the neuration is imp 3rfectly shown in the plate. The first apical cell is very small, the third a little longer than the fourth and much shorter than the second, which is very long, nearly reaching the middle of the wing ; the length of the dis- coidal and median cells can not be accurately determined.
Length of body, 6.76°"°; of fore femora, 1.4°'"; mid femora, 2.2°'°'; mid tibijE, 2°"°; hind femora, 3°™; hindtibisB, 2.76°'°'; front wings, 7-8°'°'; width of same, 2.75°'°.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 9416 and 9621, 10106, 12010.
6. Derobrochus frigescens.
PI. 15, Figs. 6, 16.
Derobroehui frigHoent Scadd., Zittel, Haadb. d. Palusont., I, ii, 779, Fig. 98<3 (1835).
A somewhat stout bodied but small species, the smallest of the genus, not very heavily clothed with scales. The head is moderat' ' 'arge and the antennte very slender, with a large globose basal joiii^. The legs are only preserved in a fragmentary way in all the specimens. The front wings are tolerably broad, broadest only a little beyond the middle, the apex scarcely subacuminate but well rounded, the apical margin oblique but full ; the first apical fork is unusually straight with no upward curve, and the cell not much shorter than the third apical cell ; the second apical cell is about twice as long as the third, and the fourth falls about midway between them in length ; the discoidal cell and the median are of about equal length with the second apical cell, and are very slender, particularly the median. These features are not all produced in the plate.
186
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Length of body, 6.5°™; of front wing, 7"""; width of same, 2.85°"". Floiissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1027, 1718, 2677, 4633, 5433, 10900, 10953.
7. Dfrobbochus craters.
PI. 13, Fig. 13; PI. 15, Fig. 4.
A moderate-sized species, with dusky wings, the veins infuscated. The body is moderately stout, but no parts are fairly preserved but the front wings. These are moderately slender, the tip rounded, the apical margin oblique and only a little full, the broadest part of the wing near the middle of the outer half; the first apical cell (not shown in the figures) is very small, considerably smaller than the third, which last is only a little more than half as long as the second, which is slightly longer than its stalk ; discoidal and median cells very long and slender and of about equal size.
Length of body, 7-8.5""° ; of front wings, H"™ ; breadth of same, 2.6"°'; length of hind wings, 6°'°'.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2514, 5059, 14235 ; and from the Princeton Collection No. 1.947.
4. LITOBROCHUS gen. nov. (Xtrd?, /3p6xo?).
This name is proposed to include a single species of Florissant Hydro- psychidae, allied to Polycentropus and Derobrochus, and especially the lat- ter, but diftering from them in some points in the neuration of the wing. Like Derobrochus, there is no fifth apical cell in the front wing, thus clearly separating ii: from Polycentropus. It differs from Derobrochus in the still more intensified elongation of the interior cells, and in the minuteness of the first apical cell, which is relatively not half so large as in any species of Derobrochus. The anastomosis is also very widely separated, flie median cell extending far toward the margin and being half as long as the wing itself
LrroBROCHUu externatus. PI. 15, Fig. 10.
A single specimen shows the body, fore legs, and front wings. It is a tolerably large species with nioli-rately slender body. The front legs are small and the tibia bears a single pair of spurs. The front wings are slender, broadest before the middle of the outer half, the apex produced and nearly
NEUROPTBEA— TKICHOPTERA— HYDBOPSYOHID^.
187
in the niiddle of the wing, the costal margin falling obliquely to the tip over a considerable area, and the apical margin equally oblique below the apex ; the contrast in the length of the first and second apical cells is very marked ; the cross-vein uniting the sector and cubitus falls at the origin of the second apical cell, and the median and discoidal cells originate side by side ; none of tho cross-veins are shown in the plate. The wing is clear, excepting for a slight infuscation along the costal edge and the infuscation of the veins.
Length of body, 10""°; of front wings, 10""" ; breadth of same, 3.35"'°' ; length of fore femora, l.?""" ; tibiae, 1.7°'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 14210.
1
i.
5. LEPTOBROCHUS gen. nov. (Aew-rd?, /3p6xo?].
This genus, which includes only one species, is remarkable for lacking not only the fifth, but the second, apical cell. In other respects it does not differ from Derobrochus, except in having, as in Litobrochus, an extremely long median cell, due, however, not to the extension of the cell toward the margin, but to its basal extension by the earlier origin of the middle branch of the upper cubital vein.
Leptobrochus luteus. PI. 15, Figs. 1, 3.
This abundant species is rarely well preserved. It has a slender body, long and narrow wings, very slender legs, and antennae longer, so far as known, than any other of our fossil species, being nmch more than twice the lengtl^ of the body (including the closed wings) ; the joints are about four times longer than broad, very slender, and the incisures marked with fuscous ; the first joint is stout and obovate. The front wings are very long and slender, the apex produced, subacuminate and scarcely above the middle ; the first apical cell is tolerably small, and the discoidal cell appar- ently open ; the median cell, however, is closed, and the cell itself exceed- ingly long, the closure being a little before the origin of the third apical cell, which is not quite so long as the breadth of the wing and shorter than the fourth apical cell ; these features of the neuration do not appear in the figures on the plate.
188
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Length of body, 9""° ; of front wing, 9°"" ; breadth of same, 2.2""" ; length of antennte, 21"°'.
Florissant. Sixteen specimens, Nos. 1655, 3638, 3702, 6039, 7030, 7149, 7990, 8013 and 10341, 8065, 8325, 8392, 8857, 9578, 10016, 10239, 12014.
6. MESOBROCHUS gen. nov. (ju^fToi, fipdxoi).
This is a peculiar group, not only for the limited number of apical cells, the first as well as the fifth being absent, but also for the great and nearly equal length of all the other apical cells and the distance of the anastomosis from the apical margin ; indeed, nearly or quite a third of the wing at the apex is filled only with longitudinal and parallel veins, as in some Lepto- ceridae. The median cell, on the contrary, is not very long, as it is in nearly all the other genera we have here considered ; the discoidal cell appears to be open, an anomalous peculiarity for one of the Hy dropsy chidaj.
Table of the ipeciet of Metobrookut.
Fore wings nearly four times aa long as broad 1. Af. lethaui.
Fore wings scarcely more than three times as long as broad 2, M. imbeoillut.
1. Mesobrocbus LETH^US.
PI. 15, Fig. 11.
A small slender species. Body slender, moderately clothed witli scales. Antennae with basal joint very large, as long as the head, the rest slender and cylindrical, tapering sensibly to the tip, as long as the body (without the wings). Legs very slender. Wings very long and slender, the rounded apex in the middle line and the margins curving equally to it above and below ; second apical cell nearly half as long as the wing, third and fourth stopping abruptly at the anastomosis, which falls just beneath the tip of the subcostal nervure ; the discoidal cell is open and the median not very long, reaching as far toward the base as to bring the base of the second apical cell over its center ; the neuration as given in the plate is wrong.
Length of body, 6""°; of front wing, T""^; width of same, 1.85'""*; length of antenntr, e"".
Florissant. Fourteen specimens, Nos. 544, 1665, 2268, 2520, 2566, 4584, 6884, 7792, 7898, 10720, 10899, 11132, 12015 and 12789, 13.540.
NEUROPTERA— THIOHOPTBRA— HYDROPSYOEIDiB.
189
2. Mesobrochus imbecillus. PI. 15, Fig. 13.
Closely allied to the preceding, but a smaller and comparatively stouter form. The basal joint of thu antenna; is cylindrical, and though very large not so stout as in that species, but the stalk is as there The legs are a little shorter and less slender. Wings shaped as in M. lethaeus, but compara- tively a little shorter ; the neuration appears to be identical with that f»f the other species (it is wronglv qriven on the plate), excepting that the anasto- mosis is even farther tov . the base of the wing.
Length of body, 5.5"""; of front wing, 6.25""°; width of same, 2"".
Florissant. Sixteen specimens, Nos. 1306 and 4423, 2177, 2364, 2984, 4908, 5462, 6861, 7042, 7568, 7883, 10225, 10407, 10430, 11006, 12234, 13138.
7. PALADICELLA gen. nov. (rraXato?, a-, 6/Ke\\a).
S'-U another anomalous genus is found among the Florissant Hy- dropsychidaj, in some respects allied to Mesobrochus, since the first and fifth apical cells are wanting and tlie other apical cells are nearly equal and long. The other features, however, are very different, partly perhaps from the much greater comparative brevity and breadth of the wing. The third and fourth apical cells are so closely approximated as nearly to touch throughout their length, even to the very margin of the wing. The discoidal cell is closed and relatively much shorter than it would be in Mesobrochus were it closed Ht the same time ; that is to say, the branch of the sector usually furnishing the first apical sector has a much later origin in Paladicella than in Mesobrochus. The name given is aot meant to have any reference to the recent genus Adicella.
Paladicella eruptionis. PI. 15, Fig. 14.
This species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse, toler- ably well preserved on a dorsal view with partially expanded wings. The bodv is moderately slender and not heavily clothed, the head rather small, front legs not very large. The wings are not slender, broadest before the apical third, witii rounded contours, the well rounded apex above the mid- dle, the apical margin more oblique than the costal as it falls to the apex.
190
TDRTIARY INSECTS OF NUKTH AMERICA.
The wing ia tolerably clear, slightly infuscated next the costa with fuHcoits veins. The neiiriition along the middle of the outer half of the wing is not correctly given in the plate ; the vein above the lowest forked vein (con- taining the fourth apical cell) is also equally but not so widely forked, and ;t does not connect (excepting by a cross- vein) with the vein above, but much farther toward the base with the vein below, its fork containing the third apical cell.
Length of body, 9""' ; of front wing, 10.5""" ; breadth of same, 4°'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8422 and 13004.
8. TINODES Curtis.
The single species referred here provisionally is shown by its neuration to belong elsewhere, and is merely placed here for convenience and for want of a better place. Moreover two species have been found in amber.
TlNODES (?) PALUDIGENA. PI. 15, Fig. 9.
An interesting little species, apparently belonging near this genua, but in which the neuration is even simpler, though being in large part obscure, the species is placed here provisionally. The body is moderately slender, the legs rather short. The front wings are not very slender, broadest in the middle of the apical half, beyond which thy wing tapers rapidly and almost equally obove and below to a rounded apex. Only the first and third apical cells are present and both very large and with a long stalk, the veins originating far toward tiie base. This alone shows it can not be a Tinodes, but the anastomosis can not be made out. The hind wing is con- siderably shorter than the front wing, broadest near the base, has a pretty strongly curved costal margin terminating abruptly in a pointed apex, frcm which the oblique apical margin retreating rapidly blends by one curve in the inner margin ; the second and third apical cells only are present, of about equal and considerable length, the latter nearly reaching the middle of the wing; an interesting feature of this wing is a large spreading tuft of dark hairs longer than the widtli of the thorax, springing from near the base of the costal area.
NEUROPTEUA— TRIOeOPTEBA— LEPTOCERrD/E.
191
'
Length of body, 5-6.25"""; of front wing, 5.5""'; of hind wing, 4""; breadth of front wing, l.S"™; of hind wing, 1.2"""; length of tuft of hairs, O.TS""".
Florissant. P'oJir specimens, Nos. 2142, 6964, 10702, 13137.
Sublkmily LEPTOOEUIDyE Stephens.
No fossil species of this subfamily have been described, but Hagen mentions several species which he refers to Mystacides and Odontocerum. Two Florissant species are found, which are believed to be most nearly al- lied to Setodes. The larvje of this group are found more often in running than in standing- water, but frequent both ; the case is usually a free sand tube ; the members of the subfamily are distributed all over the world.
SETODES Rambur.
This genus, as existing at present, is found well represented in regions as wide apart and as different as North America, Europe, and the East Indies. None have before been reported fossil, and the two species we have referred here are so placed more from their general aspect than for any other more solid reason. The form and pointedness of the wings and the general structure of the antennae and legs look evidently in this direction. The larvae of this group inhabit both standing and running waters.
Table of the apeoiei of Setodei.
Winjrs at rest extending far beyond the abdomen 1. S. portionalU.
Wings at rest not reaching the tip of the abdomen 2. 5. abbreciata.
1. Setodes portionalis. PI. 15, Fig. 16.
A single specimen is placed here, the pointed form of the wings, the size, and tlu^ whole aspect indicating this group of caddis-flies ; the wings, however, are so thickly clotlied with scales that no neuration can be dis- tinguished. The body is tolerably slender, the antennae and legs exceedingly long ; only a portion of one antenna, as long as the body, is preserved, but tliis shows no indication whatever of diminution in size ; it is rather stout, as stout, indeed, as the tarsi, and the joints four or five times as long as broad, cylindrical, pale brown, with dark brown incisures ; the length of the basal joints is not determinable. The legs extend a long way beyond the tip of
192
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
the closed wings ami are very slender ; the front pair, liowever, are n. ' shorter than the others. The front wings are very slender, donsely pubes- cent, when closed extending some way beyond the tip of the l)ody, the portion so extended tapering to a slender but rounded tip which is near the upper margin of the wing, the costal border being almost uniformly and gently convex, and not falling rapidly next the tip, while the apical margin below the tip is exceedingly oblique until the tip of the body is reached.
Length of body, fi""" ; of front wing, 6""" ; breadth of same, 1""° ; length of antennal joints, O.f)"'"' ; of mid tibial and tarsi together, 4.5"" ; reach of hind legs beyond body, 3..')""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 11754.
2. Setodes abbreviata.
A single specimen only has been found, closely allied to the preceding but with remarkably abbreviated wings. The body is moderately slender, densely pubescent, the antennte black, of the length of the body, of the same stoutness as in the preceding, but with joints scarcely so long and densely and very finely covered with hairs. Legs not perfectly preserved but a little stouter that! in S. portionalis. Wings very much shorter than the body, very .slender lanceolate, tiie apical portion narrowing, more rapidly below than above, to a sharply pointed tip, black, densely clothed with long hair- like scales.
Length of body, G..')"""; of front wing, 3.5"""; breadth of wing, CGS"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5218.
I
Sublamily I^IMXOPHILID/E McLachlan.
A single member of this group has been found fossil in Prussian amber, a species of Halessus. Besides this, however, several larval cases have been described, some at least of which appear to belong here, as it contains at the present day all the larger caddis-flies which ornament their larval cases with .shells and other odd substances. To this list we can now add from America one of each kind, a winged insect and a larval case constructed of grains of stone. The group as it exists to-day is mainly confined to the northern hemisphere, north of the tropics, but it reappears to some extent in corre- sponding portions of the southern hemisphere, at least in America
NEUROPTEUA-TK'CHOPTKUA— LIMNOrUlLlDJfi.
198
n
I
-
f
i
LIMNOPIIILUS Burmeister.
Thii) gontiH linH never been reported foHsil, and in placing in it. the Bpeciea below the intention \n only to indicate itH aiHnitieB. The geium Ih boreal and wide upread, and the larvoi are generally found in standing water
LiMNOPHILirS 80P0RATIT8. PI. 15, Fig. 5.
A couple of specimens are referred here, in only one of which is the neuration sutHciontly distinct to be determined with any probability, and in this it is somewhat obscure and is not fully shown in the plate ; nearly all the veins and cross-veins in the outer half of the wing can, however, be traced with more or less distinctness, though the cross-veins are certainly obscure; the neuration, as thus limited, is wholly that of Limnophilus. Tlie front wings are moderately long and narrow, the costal margin rather strongly arched in the apical half, curving downward to the bluntly acumi- nate apex, the apical margin sharply and very obliquely truncate Dis- coidal cellules short, much shorter than its foot-stalk ; anastomosis of the lower half of the wing continuous.
Length of front wing, 12..5"'".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1441, 13007.
INDUSIA Bosc.
In certain parts of Auvergne, France, rocks are found which for a thick- ness of sometimes two meters or more are wholly made up of the remains of the cases of caddis-flies. These have been fre(|ueutly mentioned by writers and were first described and figured by liosc early in the century under the name of Indusia tubulosa. Oustalet in his rec<'nt treatise on the fossil in- sects of Auvergne,' describes two forms, one from Clermond and the other from St. Gi'rand, which he distinguishes under the names Pluyganea cor- entina and P. gerandiiia, iirincipally from their difference in size and strength, and a distinction in the minute .shells — species of Paludina — of which the cases are composed.
These cases, like the somewhjit similar ones composed of grains of stone which are described below, are all apparently made by species of Limno-
VOL XIII-
Kibl. Eculu Hunt, ^liiileti; Sci. Nat., vol. 4, pp. 101- Khi. -13
194
TKUTIAUY INSBUrS OF NORTU AMBRICA.
))lii1iilii<,' tlio larvn: of wliicli group nro roinarknblo fo" tlio vnricty of ohjocts thoy UHO for tho cotiHtruction of tlioir cuhoh. It would hooui doHirublo ut pro8ont, wliilo placing IiuluHiii in tliitt group, to iiu-ludo in it nil Inrvnl cuHos of extinct Trichoptera until they can bo more definitely placed or diHtinguiHlicd.
ThuMO, liowovor, nro not the only instancea of larval cnseH of Tricbop- torn found foHsil. Ilepp, in 1844,' doHcribon Honio from the rockn ut I^eintadt, ncnr Diirklieini, under the name of Pbrygaueu blumii, and Hoer a few yenrH later in Iuh classic ivork doHcribes and figures a Himilar inatauco from Ooningen, tinder the nanuj of Pliryganoa aiiti(iur., in wliicli the caHo waH in part made up of bits of sticks. Hut tlio most surprising discovery of this sort is that of supposed larval cases of Plnygaiiidii' in andjer." According to Dr. Tlagon, Pictot thought them larval cases of a tineid, but Zeller believed thoy wore trichopterous, tho larvai still renuxining inclosed and appearing to belong near Mystacides. As phryganid larv«> are nquntic almost without excepti .'U, their discovery in amber is certainly surprising. A tube-like larval case, presumably trichopterous, has also been described under the name of Phrygana^n micncea niul figured by Fritsch* from tho Cretaceous clay-schists of Kounic, 13ohcmia; and Marion* describes larval cases on the leaf of a fossil, Nympluea, in Provence, very like those attached to similar leaves to-day.
InDITSIA CALCIIL08A.
PI. », FiR. 1.
IndMia ralciiluM Sciiilil., Hull. V. H. Ocol. (iooKr. Siirv. Torr., IV, ri4'.'-.M:i (1H78); Ann. Kep. IT. H. G(M»1. Gfonr. Siirv. Tirr., XI, »'.:iH-(i.T.t ( 1^79) ; in Zittul, llandb. d. Palii'imt., I, ii, 77H, Vig. OKi(lt!W.).
Dr. A. C I'oide, in his explorations under the Survey, discovered in deposits, which ho considers as probably belonging to the upper Green liiver group, or possibly to the lower part of the Bridger group, beds of limestone, the upper floor of which is completely covered with petrified cases of caddis-flies, all belonging to a single species, which nmy bear tho name we have applied to it above. They vary from 14 to IK"""' in length, from 4 to 5'"™ in diameter at th<!ir open anterior extremity, and from .'{ to
'.See on thiH point McLachliin, I'mo. Bnt. Soo. Lond., 18H!i, lH-1',). '.lalin-Hli. rnlllchia, vol. 2, pp. IS)-2:J.
^Dorondt, neniHt. bcriiidl. orRan. Ronto Vorw., vol. 9., pt. 1, p. 131. 'Arcliiv. natiirw. Landiwdnrclif. Riiliiii., vol 1, p. (Vi; Voamfr, vol. l;l, p. WH, *8*porta, Organ, prulil. auu. inerH, 'H-'M>, PI. 'i, Fig. ii.
NKUUOrTKKA-TKlCIIOl'TEKA— I'llUYdANID.K.
195
H
3,2""" lit their poHtorlor otid, tlio tlilcknons of the wiiUh boin^f iihoiit 0 75""". Ah will 1)0 8001) l)y tliono iiioaHiiroiiioiitri, tlio vamm iiro ti littlo liirjror ut tliuir mouth, but othorwiso thoy aro cyliiidricHl, taper with portbot roj^iilarity, luid are Htraight, not Hlightly (survod, aH in inauy phryganld caHOH. Thoy are iMMuplotoly covorod with niiuuto, ronndod, WHtt'r-w«)rn pobbloH, apparently of 'piart/, generally 8ul)HphericaI or ovate, and varying fronj one-third to tw(»-tliirdH of a niillimeter in mean diameter; they thux give the oaHOH a granulated appearance. Nearly all the caHOH are filled with calcureouH material, but some aro em|)ty f(U' a Hliort dintancro from their mouth, luid in uno case the inner lining of tliiH part of the caMo has a coating of minuter calcareouH j>artieleH, evidently dt^posited therein after the case was vucMited. Ah the proHont thicknoHS of the wuIIm intlicates (aH also the Hi/^o of the attached pebbles), the silken interior lining of the case nuist have been very Htout. This foUowH also from the appearance of one or two which have been crushed, for they havo yielded along longitudinal linos, indicating a parch- ment-like rigidity in the entire shell. In one of the specimens the outer coating of heavier pebbles has in some way been removed by weather- ing, and has left a scabrous surface, apparently produced by minute, hard grains entangled in the fibrous meshes of the web ; it still, however, retains its cylindrical form.
The size of the case, its form, and the material from which it is con- Hiructod seem to indicate that it belonged to some geims of Limnophilida>, near Amibolia.
Horde Creek, Wyoming. Dr. A. C. Peale.
Subfamily PHUYOANin/IO Stophons.
This subfamily of caddis-flies, comprising the larger species, is found only in the northern portions of the globe, and is numerous neither in species nor in genera ; novertholess it is the only group of caddis-flies whoso remains have hitherto been found in rocky strata, if we excei)t tho larval cases, of which there is likely to be more or less (piestion. And it is not a little strange that they have been found in several distinct places, ranging from Aix in the Oligoceno to Parschlug in the upper Miocene. Mombach, the Isle of Wight, and Atanuterdluk, in Greenland, have also furnished species. From amber also three species are known, and now we have three more species, including a new generic form, to add from the strata of Colorado
196
TKKTIAUY INSECXa OP NOUTII AMERICA.
It is not, however, iis in Europe, the only subfamily represented in the strata, tlu'oe others being also represented and one of them much more largely. (February, 1884.)
NKUUONIA Leach.
A single small species of this genus has been described from amber by Pictet and Il.igen, wlii(;h the latter conii/ares with the living N. reticulata. The one hero described is the first known from the rocks, and is a consider- abl}' larger species, and with somewhat peculiar neuration. The genus is well represented at the present time over all North America, and besides is found only in Europe.
NkUKONIA EVANK8CKN8. ri. l.i, Fig. 3,
A single specimen of a large species of phryganid is referred to Neu- roiiia, although the Jieuration appears to be somewhat abnormal, the cross neuration on either side of the sector not being continuous. The insect is preserved on a lateral view, showing the head iind body, the superposed wings of one side, and all but the base of the other front wing e.xtended be- low the bod}', together with one hind leg.
The upper half of the overlapping wings is much darker than the lower luilf and shows some mottling near the tip, which is not the case in the other wing. The single front wing is of a uniform brownish fuliginous tint, but broadly obscured in tliu jniddie of t1>'^ wing by accident of preservation over a large pale area, in which al.so tlie veins are near'}- lost. This accounts for the inaccuracy of the drawing f»ii the plate.
The front wings nio snbtriangular, less than two "^.nd one-half times longer than broad, their greatest breadth in the middle of the apical half; the costal margin is gently arched in the apical half, the apex roundly pointed, the apical margin almost striight in the middle half and inclined at a rather sharp angle with the costal margin.
Tli(^ shape of the a\ lugs, as well as tlie brevity of the discal cell, renders it proltable that the species should be referred to Neuronia rather than to Phryganea or Agrypnia, though if is impossible to determine clearly whether there is a cross-vein l)etween the subcostal vein an<l the costa. The radius has a broad superior arch below the extremity of the subcostal which renders it probable that it exists, and that it can not therefore be referred to Agryp-
NEUKOPTBBA— TlllCUOPTERA-rHKYOANlDil!:.
197
nia. The upper brancli of the sector originates earlier than usual, close to the base of the discal cell, which is short, as in Neuronia, but only because the cross-veins which terminate are carried to an unusual distance toward the middle of the wing, and are therefore 'A'idely separated from the cross- veins uniting the sector with the cubitus — an unusual feature in this sub- family, and one vvliich with its other peculiarities renders it probable that it should be generically separated from living types. There is also lacking the zigzag arrangement of the cubital cross-veins, though their exact rela- tion can not be determined throughout. The hind leg bears two pairs of tibial spurs, as always in this subfamily.
The length of the body is indeterminable ; the length of body and wings together in repose is 24""" ; of front wing, 20.5""" ; greatest breadth of same, 8.5™" ; length of hind tibia, S.GS""™ ; of hind tarsi, 4.65™".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 7728.
PHRYGANEA Linnd.
Species of this genus are by no means unknown in a fossil state; indeed it is the only genus of Phryganidne which has heretofore been represented in the rocky strata by remains of the perfect insect, and while only two species are known from amber, four have been described from Tertiary rocks (Aix, Mombach, Parschlug, and Greenland) and a fifth indi- cated from the Isle of Wight. Very likely some of these may be found to belong elsewhere, but their large size would lend a probability to their proper reference here, since this genus and its allies contain the largest of the caddis-flies. We have here a single species to add, represented wholly by wings, but very well preserved. The genus is mostly confined to North America and Europe.
Phryqanea labefacta.
PL 13, Fig. 5 ( ^ ).
An excellently preserved front wing, lacking only a fragment broken from the lower outer angle, represents a male. It is of a nearly uniform smoky brown tinge, with much darker distinct veins, and delicately mottled with faint, pale, circular dots which are larger and therefore more noticeable than elsewhere in the upper outer half of the wing, and are absent from the center. It is of about the size of our common Neuronia semifasciata (Say) but of a different shape, being subquadrate, about three times longer than
198
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
broad and only slightly broader apically than basally. Tiie apex is slightly pointed and the outer margin apparently slopes more rapidly below than above the apex. Though not shovvn in the plate, the subcosta is united near the tip to the costa by a cross-vein, and just below the apical cell thus formed the radius has a well-marked distinct arch. The cross-vein closing the cell is not shown in the plate, nor the cross-vein just below it, into which, rather than directly into the cubitus, the first nervule below the lowest branch of the sector runs. The lower cross-veins also do not appear on the plate ; they run, as in the modern Phryganea grandis, with a slight j»»g where they cross the basal brancli of the upper cubital, obliquely from tlio base of the second brancli of the upper cubital toward the arculus. Indeed, the venation of the lower half of the wing closely resembles that of the modern European P. grandis, which is slightly larger than the fossil species. 'I'iiis differs from that in only one or two points; the first apical sector parts from its stem at the middle of the discoidal cell, the lower bor- der of the cell is as full as tiie upper, and the cell itself is jiroportionally shorter.
Two other specimens agreeing in neuration with the preceding, but with tlie lower nervule of the up|)er branch of the superior cubitus forked represent females. Like the male they are represented only by upper wings, one of tliem perfect, the other broken squarely at the tip by the breaking of the .stone in (quarrying ; one is a little lighter in color than the male, and, as it were, bleached out at the apex, while the other is much darker, almost of a blackish chocolate, many of the minute spots of the mottling, especially in tie upper part of the wing, appearing quadrate rather thai! circuhir. The fourth (female) fork is nearly as deep as the third, ex- tending slightly more than half-way to the base of the branch.
Length of wing, <? 20.2.')""", ? 19.5'""'; of discoidal cell, <? ? 5.5'"'"; breadth ^f «-ir,g, ,f T'"™, 9 7.^'""'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 407 (c?), 1016, 3897 (?).
n
LIMNOPSYCHE gen. nov. (A/'/zk//, ipvx^).
This name is proposed for a genus which differs somewhat remarkably from any Phryganida', but n Inch .agrees at the same time in its main fea- tures with the subfaniily of Phryganida' j)roper. Li his monograph on the Trichoptera of the Europmn fauna, Mr. McLachlan lays much stress on
NBUROPTEEA— TBIOHOPTERA— rnRYGANID^i.
199
M
the importance in generic characteristication of the presence or ahsence of specified apical celluleS; of whicli the full complement in the anterior wing is nine ; of these three belong to the area of the sector. In the present genus we have an additional apical cellule in the field of the sector, one of the ramules of the lower branch of the sector being divided. In all other sjjecles of Phryganidaj proper, to which there can be no doubt that this genus belongs, both the ramules extending to the margin from either side of the cross- vein closing the discoidal cell are simple ; in Limnopsyche the upper is branched, so that there exists an "aj)ical fork" between the "first" and ''second' apical forks of McLachlan's terminology. This, however, is not the only peculiarity ; the anastomosis is broken into three instead of, as in true Phryganidae, two parts, the cross-vein uniting the sector and cubitus lying far toward the tip of the wing, while the remainder of the anastomosis has its normal place near the middle of the wing. Moreover, the median cellule, which, as in other Phryganidaj proper, is open, extends nearly to the base of the wing, interrupting still more markedly the anas- tomosis of the lower half of the wing.
Although only a portion of the neuration can be determined in the single pretty large species referred here, this differs so much from the exist- ing genera of true Phryganidae that its separation from them is indispen- sable.
Limnopsyche dispersa.
PI. 13, Fig. 2.
There are three specimens provisionally referred to this species, but in only one can the neuration be traced sufficiently, and it is upon this, which is figured, that tlie species is founded. It shows a dorsal view with indis- tinct traces of ditferent appendages, but with the wings of one side expanded. Especially this is true of one ; it is an upper wing, but toward the lower margin a portion of the hind wing, crumpled and folded, is more or less mixed with it, so that the figure is not perfectly clear or probably correct at this point. The main features of the neuration have been pointed out in the description of the genus, but a few special points may bo added. The wing is about two and a half times longer than broad, the costal margin well rounded, bringing the rounded apex down nearly to the middle of the wing, the lower margin (apparently) full. It is pale brown without mot-
200
TEBTIAUY INSECTS OF NOBTH AMERICA.
tling; the discoitlal cell is very long and slender, nearly one-third the length of the wing, and occupying almost exactly the middle third longi- tudinully. First apical sector arising from the middle of the discoidal cell ; cell between the sector and cubitrts of uniform width and running almost exactly through the middle of the wing, terminating some way below the apex ; cross-veins uniting the sector and cubitus more than half-way from the e d of the discoidal cell to the border. As the other cross-veins are in their usual place, the anastomosis is widely scattered, whence the specific name.
The other specimens are poorly preserved ; they agree with the pre- ceding in size and present no characters in opposition to it. They show in addition portions of the antennic, a slender stem arising from a rather stout basal joint ; in both, however, the antennje are broken shortly beyond the base.
Length of body, 8"™ ; of front wing, 8.25'""' ; breadth of same, 3.25""" ; ength of hind wing, 7"'"*.
Florissant. Three snecimens, Nos. 809, 860G, 8995.
ORTHOPTERA. Linn^.
\
Although a group of great antiquity, some of its divisions (especially the cockroaches) being abundant in Paleozoic as in Mesozoic rocks, this order of insects is feebly represented in Tertiary times. Part of our lack of familiarity with the relics of those days is due to tlieir rare occurrence in amber, a fact largely due to their generally weak and brief flight. Indeed, hardly a dozen species of the entire order are known or indicated from this source, and less than forty species, including all mere references as distinct forms, from the European rocks. This number is nearly equaled by the American species described in this volume, but this fact is largely due to the great preponderance of Foi-ficularijc, wliich comprise more tlian a third of the species. The numbers in the different groups are, p'^.haps, too small to render a particular comparison useful, but we may note that the European rocks have representatives of each family excepting the Phas- mida, while the American furnish specimens of all but the JIantides. No Acridii have been found in amber, and of Locustariic only larvse ; Forficu- lariae and Mantidie are said by older authors to have been found in amber, but none are now known, the undoubted amber remains being confined to Blattariie, Phasmida, Locustari;e (larvje), and Gryllides.
In comparing the European and American Tertiary orthopteran faunas some interesting points may be noted. The resemblance of both faunas in a nearly ecpial degree to warm temperate or subtropical types is not a little curious, combined as it is with a distinct diff'erentiation of char- acter; for even where the same subfamilies are represented, as they gener- ally are, the genera of the two continents are widely different. In the tew cases where species have been plac3d under the same generic heading it has usually been by the use of the genus in the broad sense, indicating merely subfamily affinities, and the species themselves are widely different. The resemblance between the two countries is perhaps most marked in the
201
202
TBRTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH ARIBRIOA.
Forficularicc, though the European species have been very imperfectly pre- sented as yet. Perliaps tlie most marked peculiarities in the American fauna as distinguished from the European are the abundance of Forficu- laria? of a common type, the occurrence of Conocophalidjc, and the absence of Mantides, Tettigidse, Decticidje, and the burrowing as well as the slender Gryllides.
As a whole the Orthoptera of Florissant and the Green River deposits indicate a warmer, not infrequently in specific cases a much warmer, cli- mate than now appertains to that region, though tliis is true to a less degree of the saltatorral Orthoptera in general than of the others. (July, 1884.)
It is not a little surprising to find so many American species, no less than eleven being already obtained from Florissant, a number more than douiile that of the European Tertiary species, and all apparently belonging to one type, not now in existence. It is not impossible that a nearer study of tlie European fossil species may prove that they also belong here, as one may notice in them the same simplicity in the character of the forceps.
Some of the Florissant species are of very large size, much larger than any which are found in temperate regions, and the presence of this type in such abundance, and represented in part by such gigantic forms, is a clear witness to a considerably warmer climate than now obtains in the same region even at the level of the lower plains.
Family FORFICULARlyG Latreille.
Fossil earwigs are not unknown, but have been imperfectly studied. Heer gives wood-cuts of two, F\>rficula rectji, which he compares with Forcinella annuHpes (IjU(\) Uohrn, and F. primigenia, compared with the common earwig, i. e., Forficula auricularia Linn ; he also mentions a third, F. niinuta, compared with Labia minor (Linn.) Leach. These all come from the Miocene of Oeningen.' Long ago Serres spoke of a species allied to Forficula paiallela Fabr. and F. am'icularia Linn, (both the same species), of which n>any specimens had been found at Aix in Provence.^ Perhaps Mr. Oustalet, when he resumes again the publication of his memoirs on the fossil insects of southern France, will acquaint us more perfectly with this insect; but I saw no specimens of Forficularise in his hands in 1873. One,
' ll«er, t:rw.lt ilor Schweiz, 2(1 edition, p. :VM, flgg. 'M7, 208. 'Serrea, O^uguusiu dos tvrraiug tertiaireo, 225,
ORTHOPTERA— FORFICULARI^.
203
perhaps two, species are also reported from Prussian ambei. Keferstein' speaks of an ambor species, referring to Burmeister (Handb, Entom.) but the latter mentions only some crickets ("Acheten") "of the size of F. minor." And Germar writes that up to 1856 but a single specimen of an earwig had been found in amber, a larva agreeing so completely with the full-grown larva of Forficula auricularia that description and illustration were supei-flu- ous.^ Gravenhorst also refers to a German species from amber.' Finally Afassalongo describes and figures* a species from the Tertiaries of Monte Bolca, which he calls Forficula bolcensis, and which again he compares to F. auricularia Linn. This species, which in point of fact is much nearer F. albipennis Muehlf than F. auricularia, seems to be a true Forficula. The same may perhaps be said of Heer's species, or at least of the two which are figured (none are described), or they may belong to the same group as the American species, though one at least of them is much smaller than any we have found. But in Heer's species we have only a few abdominal joints and the forceps from which to draw any conclusion.
A couple of species have been found in rocks older than the Tertiaries, Baseopsis forficulina Heer' from the Lias of Schambelen and Forficularia problematica Weyenb.," found in the Jura of Solenhofen. Although the figures given of this latter insect are very obscure, Weyenbergh says it is an earwig "sans le moindre doute," and of one of the seven specimens found he says it " montre k I'extrdmitc de I'abdomen les deux crochets, dont I'en- semble repr^sente une sorte de pince, et qui caract«^risent le genre Forficula."
LABI DU ROM MA gen. nov. (\a/3i?, ovpd, ofx/xa).
In first describing an earwig from Florissant I referred it hesitatingly to Labidura; a second species was subsequently placed in the same genus from its resemblance to the first. In ray study of the much more abundant and better material now at liand I was at first inclined to refer not only these two species but all the others, including a considerable variety of forms, to the old genus Forficula, the structure of the antenna? in particular
■ Naturg.Knlkurp., vol. W, p. 331.
« Ueroudt, Berniit. bofliuU. organ. Reste Vorw., vol. 2, pt. i, p. 33.
» (lebora. sohles. GeselUch. vaterl. Cult., 18.M, 93.
<Mii88alonf,o, Stud, pal., 15-16, pi. 1, flg8. 5-7.
*Heor, Urwelt der Scbweiz, 2d oditiou, p. 94, pi. 7, fig. 5.
•Arch. Mus. Teyl., vol. ii, p. 274.
204
TKBTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMKRICA.
accordin;^ more t'loaely with Foi-ficiila tlmn with I.abidura. Hut one point after anotlier showed Huch diHtinction from Forticiilu that the specicH seem more correctly jiresented wlicn phiced in a diHtinct genus. Whether all l)elo)i<,' there h perhaps questionable, especially when the extreme members of the genus are compared. Moreover, all the charncters ujjon which the genus is founded are not to be found in all the species here described, as preserved in the specimens at hand ; but in the order in which I have arranged them they show such a gradual passage from one to the other that notwithstanding the diversity in general aspect and in size between the first and the last, I can find no good characters in their imperfectly preserved structure by which tiiey should be separated. The genus is without doubt nearly allied to Forficula, but it is impossible to place it there, or indeed in any known existing genus of Forficulariai on account of the great size of the eyes. These are not only as large in front as in Cylindrogaster and Sphongophora, but instead of being shut off from the posterior half of the head, as in all living Forficularise known to me, they extend to the posterior margin, as may be readily seen in. Figs. 3 and 12 of PI. 16; that is, instead of being anterior they are lateral. The genus is also peculiar for the great simplicity of the forceps, which are long and rather (sometimes very) slender, and, with a single exception, where there is one basal tuotli. they are entirely unarmed. The antenuje, where they are preserved, show some diversity of structure and it is partly on that account that 1 have hesitated about keeping them together; butai a general rule they are comparatively short, not extending backward beyond the closed tegmina, rather coarse, the joints about as numerous as in Forficula, the basal joint not \ery long nor stout, the joints in general shorter compared to their width than in Forficula. All the species, with perhaps one excep- tion, are winged, and all have tegmina of the normal form. It is not a little curious that .several specimens have the wings fully expanded, and these show in all their main features the same characteristics as the strangely folded wings of earwigs to-day, showing that the type was fully developed in this early Tertiary period. One may notice, iiideed, a slightly greater 8imj)licity of structure here and both greater simplicity and greater uniformity of character in the forceps of the fossil species, which seem to betoken an approach toward the origin of the type, but it is a mere sug- gestion, or scarcely more than that
OUTUOl'TERA— FOKl< 10 ULAlllAi. 206
(.)iiti of the specieH here described, certainly distinct from the others, is so imperfectly prewerved that no name is given to it. The others may be distinguished by the following table :
Table 0/ the uptcien of LahidnromnM,
SpeoieN of largH iiliie with very long furoepH (the totiil ImiKth nearly or quite 25""").
Male I'orvepH aIniuHt oiio-halfaH long ar body \. L. avia.
Mall) foritepH gcnruely more than one tlilnl the lungtii of body t. L. ftormaniii.
SpecivM of Hninller m/m and shorter foruepH (only » little oxceoding '^O'"'").
Hind margin of last abdoininnl Bogmont of male strongly an((iilated ; no pyglilltini perceptible.
:i. L. morlale. Hind margin of Inut abdominal aogmcnt of male Rtraight or nearly straight ; pygidinni distinct and Hoiii iiiog Iiirgn.
Halo forceps witii largo projecting interior tooth at base 4. A. commir(um.
Male forceps with no projecting basal tooth.
Male forceps narrowing almost from base &. //. terliarium,
Male forceps with cqnal parallel sides for some tlistance from base.
Male forceps comparatively slender, with distinct and tolerably strong falcation.
6. L. gilbertU
Male forceps broad beyond the bast, with weak falcation 7. L. exfulatum.
Species of much smaller size and generally still shorter forceps (the total length about 1!>'"'" or less).
Mule forceps stent at base, much smaller and equal beyond S. L. litliophilum,
Male forceps slender and delicate throughout.
Male forceps leas than half as long as abdomen 10. £. iii/ernum.
Male forceps fully half as long as abdomen 11. L. labeni.
1. Labiduromma AVIA.
PI. 16, Figs. 5, 22 ( ^ ), 3, 11, 23 ( 9-).
Head small, rounded triangular ; antenna; in no case well preserved, the longest fragments scarcely reaching the tip of the tegmina, the basal joint not precisely determinable, but apparently about twice the diameter of the stalk and subglobular ; the proximal jointa of the stalk are cylindrical and from two to three times as long as broad, so that if composed as usual in this genus the antenna; could not have extended l)eyond the tip of the tegt'iina; palpi shorter than the disimeter of the head, nearly as stout as the antennte, the joints half as long again as broad. Pronotum nearly circular but subqujidrate, ap[)arently longer than broad, and narrower than the head in the female (where it is better preserved than in the male specimens) and the opposite apparently in the male, where it seems to equal or surpass the head in breadth. Tegmina together considerably broader than the head, and square, of equal length and breadth; folded wings protruding beyond the tegmina to a distance of three-fourths the length of the latter. Legs moderately stout and not very short, the second joint of the tarsi apparently cordate. Abdomen equal with parallel sides. Forceps simple but of great
206
TBItTIARY IN8HCT8 OP NOIlXn AMBHICA.
lon<rtli, in the male iih long <i8 tliu abdomen beyond tlie wing tipH, somewlint dopi'OHMod, with the baHnl third straight, its basal lialf with straight and parallel Hidet«, its apical hiilf narrowing on the inner Hide, the whole inner margin pinched and perhapx >• little creniilated, bnt not toothed nor beaded; the distal two-thirds ver' gently and slightly arcuate, scarcely tapering, the curve increasing slightly toward the bluntly rounded tip. In the female they are a little shorter, unich slenderer and apparently cylindrical througii- out, scarcely attingent rt the base, with no pinching of the inner edge at the base, and very regularly and gently tapering to a more delicate but still l>luntly rounded point ; the arcuate curve is if anything a little stronger, and conuneiices from the base, though the straight basal portion of the male is sometimes indicated !)y the ori^>;in of the arcuation (on the outer edge) at n little lomove from the base. l*ygidium of the male (not shown in the figures) triangular, longer than broad, half as long as the greatest breadth of the forceps, the apex broadly, bluntly rounded; in the female as long as broad and as the base of the forceps, more or less slightly truncate and rounded at apex.
Length of l)ody, excluding forceps, .r 19""", <? 18-19'""'; breadth of abdomen, 3.5-4""": length of front and middle femora, 2.r)'"'"; tibia', 1.76"""; tarsi, l.S""'"; of hind feimmi, 2.8"""; tibia, 2.3"""; of forceps, ,f S.fj"'"', 9 6.5"""; breadth of same at base, S 1.4'"'", ? 0.7"""; in middle, S l'"'", ? 0.4""".
This is the most interest: ig of the Florissant species on account of its great size and the long and simple forceps. It is twice as large as any living species of Forficula.
Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 11740, 13544 and 13545, 13547 {S), 2855 and 35G7, 3832 and 5532, 5438, 8022, 11209 ($).
2. Labiuuromma bokmansi.
PI. 16, Fig. 1 (i).
In the two specimens referred to this species the head and pronotum are liadly [)reserved, but so far as can bo seen appear to be nmch as in L. avia in relation to each other and the combined tegmina ; the prothorax is, however, certainly larger, though slightly, than the heiid, and the antennal joints at a short distance from the head are three or four times as long as broad. The tegmin.i are large with l)roadly rounded posterior edges, and the body with straight parallel sides ; the last segment is as broad apicaliy
OUTHOPTKllA— F0RPICULAUi;i<3.
207
a8 buHdlly, mul tho hinder edgo is Htraight. The forcopti of tliu iiiiilo (fonuilu unknown) are very long, flattened, straight on tlio basal throo-lifths (they are given with a slight curve in the plate), and beyond gently sickle-shaped; they taper very gently and with entire regularity to a bluntly rounded, slightly angulated tip, excepting that tho basal third or more has on the inner margin a thinner, blade-like, straight flange, increasing the width by nearly one-fourth. Pygidiunt small, triangular, equilateral, with a blunt apical angle.
Length of body, excluding forceps, <? 18""" ; breadth of abdomen, 3.5'""'; length of forceps, 6.3""'; breadth at base, l-'i""; in nnddlo, CTr)""".
This spocies is slightly smaller than the preceding, but resembles it closely, the forceps of the male having about tiio size of those of tlie female of L. avia, though their flatness and moile of curvature, and especially of the basal opposition, evidently indicate a male.
Named for M. A. de Eormans, of Switzerland, tho well known student of Forficulariae,
Florissant. Two specimens, No. 11180, Prin^ieton Collection, No. 1.603 (S).
3. Labidukomma mortale.
PI. 10, Figs. 2, C ( 3 ), 2» ( 9 ).
Head small, well rounded, a little produced anteriorly ; antennae moderately slender, probably considerably less than half the length of the body, the basal joint small, scarcely stouter than the third or fourth joint, less than twice as long as broad, its apical half cylindrical and squarely truncate ; the sixth joint considerably longer tlian the first, and scarcely more than three times as lor»g as broad ; palpi shorter than tho diameter of the head, tho joints about twice as long as broad. Pronotum suborbicular, a little smaller and no broader than tho head, slightly broader than long. Togmimi together consideiably broader than the pronotum, perluips almost twice as broad, the apical edge nearly straiglit, rounded only next the outer edge. Wings extending, when folded, as far beyond tho tegmina as the lengti. of the latter. Legs not long nor stout, the middle pair situated nearer the h'uA than the front pair, and of about the same length as the former, the femora flsittened, about twice the width of the tibijc. Abdomen with nearly parallel sides, a little broadest just behind the middle, the third and
208
TKUTIAUY IN8K0T8 OK NORTH AMKHKIA.
Boiii('tiiiu;H tlio foiirtli Hojii^mont on somo HpeoimoiiH with taint indinitinnH of lutoriil plicatioiiH ; last H(><rinent ii littlt* lon^^or than thu prcrodin^, narrowinjj; Hli^htly poHti'i'loi'ly witli rnini<l(Ml poHt(>rini' an^^loH; hind niai')j[in of nuiht Htroii};])- an^j^nhitod, an Hhown in Fig. (), of foniaht Htmight with niinutu triun- fjidar pyj^idiinn. KorccpH hrond, Hattonod, Htout, h)ng, and nearly Htraight, nti \oi\<2; art tlio foui or tivo terminal HognuMitx, tlio ImHid two-tiftim Htraight, ecpial, tin* attingi'nt Inner edges thickened HJightly, the next two-fifths nar- rower, particularly l»y the excision of the inner edge, tapering, nearly straight, the apical fifth still narrower, more tapering, hont slightly inward and bluntly rounded at tip (,?), very l)roa<l and flatttMied. straight, scarcely ta[)eriug before the middle ami then hut slightly, the apex apparently twice as broad as in the male and bluntly rounded (?\
Length of body, excluding forceps, >( If)..')-!?..'")"'™, ? 18"""; broadthof head, l.H"""; of tcgmina, 3.5""": of aixhmien, 4.1V'""; length of middle and hind femora. IV"'" : of fore femora, 1.7"'"'; middle and hind tibia', 2.2""'; ore tibiie, 1.2"'""; length ».f forceps, ' .^i.-V'"", ; l.f)'""' ♦ ; breadth of same at base, / l.O.V""', ? 1.3'"'"; at tip, / 0:.W"".
This species differs from the two preceding species by its shorter, broader, and straighter forceps. One of the specimens (Fig. 2) was taken by mo in the original insect beds described by Dr. A. C. Peale.
Klori8.sant. Six specimens. Nos. 305, 3705,6317 (<^), H041), 13001 (?). No. 1.615 (c?), Princeton Collection.
4. Labiuuromma commixtum. PI. 10, Figs. 1(>, 17 ( 9 ).
Head moderately small, well roniuled, the posterior border a little trinj- cate. Pronotnm (•onsi(lerai)ly smaller than the head, sub(|nadrate, of ecpud length and 1)readth. Tegmina together considerably broader than the head and nearly double the breadth of the pronotnm ; each of the tegmina about twice as long as broad, and the coriaceous portion of the wings extending beyond them for a distance e(pnii to half their length. Legs slender and raiher long. Aixlona n slightly expanding, so as to be broadest in the middle^ and broader than the tegmina, yet with subparalh ! sides ; last segment a little longer than the others, slightU' broader in front than behind, the pos- terior margin broadly rounded. I'ygidium v(M"y large, being at base ime- third the width of the terminal segment, subtriangular but strongly rounded,
ORTJIOPTERA— FORFKUJLAUI^K.
209
with very bliuitly roumlod npex. ForcopH ofiimlo broken in the only Bpocl- nion Hoen, hut evidently pretty long mid niodemtoly Htont, the portion (half?) reniiiinin^ heing nn long m the hint two HegnientH of the nbdonien, Mtraight, erpial, He|>iimted at IxiHe by the pygidiuni, with a very stout, sharp, triangii- < lar, interior tooth embracing the pygidiuni, and with two minute distant teeth or tuberuleH beyond ; in the female distant at base, straight, flattened, ' simple, unarmed, tapering regularly, with not the slightest inward curve, to a bluntly rounded tip, one-third the width of the base. This peculiarity reminds mo of a specimen of Labidura ripariu I have seen with perfectly straight and lamiiuite forceps'.
Length of body, excluding forceps, ,f 17,f)""", 9 17.5"""; breadth of head, (? 2.2.T"'; (if pronotum. ,f 1.75"""; of closed tegmina, / 8""'; of abdomen <? 3.5"'"' ; length of forceps, ,f (broken) 4"'"', 9 3-3.5"'"' ; breadth at extreme base, ,T 0.8"'"', ? 0.75""" ; at tip, ? 0.25'""'.
This is the only one of our American fossil species with toothed forceps.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 2877 (.(), I«a2, 11208 (9).
6. LAniDUKOMMA TERTIAKIUM.
PI. 16, Figs. 18, 21 («), 15 (9).
Labidura tntiaria Soadd., Bull. U. 8. Ottol. Qengt. Hiirv. T«rr., II, 447-449; Iff, 350; IV. &19.
A single male specimen ( Fig. 18), found by Mr. Jesse Randall, and brought home by the Survey under Dr. llayden, formed the basis of the following de- scription : The head, which is badly preserved, is of about equal length ami breadth behind the labrum, so that as a whole it is longer than broad, but it is .sliglitly narrower than the pronotum, and has large eyes, reaching back nearly to tlie hind border — characters which are scarcely in keeping with the reference of the insect to Labidura ; with no other genus, however, does it accord so well. The antenn.i' are too fragmentary to furnish -us any clew to their structure, and of the mouth parts notliing can be determined. The pronotum is of about ecjual length and breadth, quadrate, the anterior angles bluntly rounded, the posterior border very broadly convex, the margin no- where elevated ; there is a slight but distinct median sulcation, fading pos- teriorly. The rest of the thorax is of the same width as the j)ronotum ; the tegmina are twice as long as the pronotum, squarely docked at the tip ; the folded wings reach more than half as far again beyond the tip ot the teg-
' Proc. Bost. Sot!. Nat. Hist., vol. 18, pp. ;f.J4-;tA').
VOL XIII-
■14
210
TERTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
1 II
mina, and in tlie sixHMnien examined are partially opened on the rij^ht side, so 818 to sliow incompletely the peculiar rayed arrangement of the nervules. The legs are short, the femora broadest in the middle, the tibia? moderately slender and nlightly bowed ; but the tarsal joints are too obscure to deter- mine their structure ; the faintness of the legs probably shows that they were paler than the body, which is of a griseous brown. The joints of the abdomen can rcjadily be distinguished, although a portion of some of them are injured, and especially of the third segment; this renders it impossible to decide certaiidy whether plications were present on this segment, but there are no signs of any either on this or on the better-preserved second segment ; it would seem as if 'such plications should be seen, if present, at least on the second segment, for the abdomen is preserved on a partial side view, and the portion of the second segment where plications are to be looked for is perfectly preserved. Tlie abdomen aj)pears to have been equal as viewed from above, although the greater fullness in depth of the middle joints gives the specimen a great height in the middle; the last segment is large, scarcely narrowing, and furnished with a pair of stout, straight, tapering, blimtly-pointed forceps as viewed from the side, not so long as the tegmina, and apparently curved inward at the tip. The insect is slightly smaller than tiie common Lal)idura riparia (Pall.) Dohrn.
Length of body, excluding forceps, 17'""'; of head, 2.2'"™; br( .adth of same, 1.7o"""; length ;)f pronotuni, 1.9"'"'; breadth of .same, 2"""; length of tegmina, il.G"'"'; extent of folded wings beyond tegmina, 2..")"""; length of hind femtn-a, 2.7.')"""; of hind tibia-, 1.75"""; of forceps, 2..")"'"'.
Since the above description was published I have seen and studied four or five more specimens, .serving to modifv and extend the characters before given, as follows: The head is fully as broad as and not narrower than the pronotuni. The anteini;e reach back to the posterior margin of the closed tegmina, and their joints are cylindrical and about four times as long as broad. The pygidium is roundeil sul)triangular and moderately large. The forceps of the male are very simple, being straight, with parallel sides at the very base (a.s far as the tip of pygidium), then narrowing rather rapidly on the inner side only, the blunt apex incurved. Of the fe- males all the specimens are imperfect, but in the me figured the forceps appear to be laminate, tapering, entirely simple, and not incurved at the tip; the apical jiarts, however, are exceedingly obscure and may be wrongly
ORTHOPTBKA— FORFICULARIiE.
211
interpreted. The resemblance they show to the female of L. commixtum leads one, however, to believe this the correct view.
The species resembles the preceding, especially in the female speci- mens, but the forceps of the male differ considerably.
Florissant Five specimens, Nos. 2779, 4925, 14688 (S), 8334, 9228 (?).
6. Labidubomma gilberti. PI. 10, Fig. U{S).
Head small, subtriangular, with well-rounded contours. Antennae reaching to the tip of the tegniina, apparently fourteen-jointed, the basal joint obscure, the middle joints four times as long us broad, a little larger in the middle than at the ends. Pronotum ([uadrate, scarcely broader than long, distinctly smaller than the head, and scarcely half as broad as the combined tegmina; posterior margin broadly rounded. Wing-veins with more widely- spread forks before the median break than in L. exsulatum. Legs short, the middle pair midway between the others and a little smaller tlian the hind pair, tlie femora broad and flattened, twice as broad as their corre- sponding tibiaj. Body moderately broad, with straight parallel sides ; the last segment three-quarters as broad apically as basall}', ihe apical margin nearly straight, the sides well rounded. Pygidium minute, triangular. Forceps large and long, the basal two-fifths broad, equal, straight, simple, attingent, beyond falciform, much smaller, tapering to the middle of this portion, beyond it equal, the tip bluntly rounded and a little contracted ((?); comj)aratively slender, straight, parallel-sided at the extreme base, beyond tapering regularly by excision of the inner margin, the tip slightly incurved and bluntly terminated (?).
Length of ])ody excluding forceps, S 15.5"'"; breadth of head, 2.3"'"; of pronotum, 1.5"'"; of combined tegmina, 4.5'""; of abdomen, 3.8™"; length of forceps, / 4.5'"'", .^ 3.25'"'"; breadth at base, ,7 1.25"'", ? O.S""".
The species has a more modern look than any of the others, and in none are the forceps more falciform, reminding one to some degree of T'^or- ficula aiiricularia. It is named for Mr. G. K. Gilbert, of the U. S. Geolog- ical Survey.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 4736, 7352 (S), 8782 (?).
212
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
7. Labiduromma exsulatum. PI. 16, Fig. 12 ( 9 ).
Hetad transversely obovate, only a little broader than long, the front considerably and triangularly produced, the hinder edge almost straight in the middle. Anteiinje barely reaching to the extremity of the tegmina, c(»nij)osed of ten joints, the first rounded obpyriform, nearly as broad as long, and not greatly stouter than the succeeding, the others cylindrical, the second scarcely longer than broad, the third and fourth half as long again as broad, the fifth nearly and the sixth more than twice as long as broad, the seventh three times as long as broad, the remainder as long as the seventh, but increasing very slightly in slenderness to the tip, which is very bluntly rounded. All the joints are not shown in Fig. 12, which rep-; resents the specimen in which the antenna; are best preserved. Terminal joint of palpi about twice as long as broad, equally rounded at each extrem- ity, about half as broad as the antenna'. Pronotum suborbicular, a little broader than long and somewhat narrower than the head, the posterior margin well rounded. Tegmina together nearly twice as broad as the pro- notum, each twice as long as broad. Wings with the main rays contiimous in direction in the outer half of tlie wing, the branches a])pended interiorly and not diverging strongly at base; in the interior half widely forked, the forks continuously divergent. Legs moderately short, subequal, rather slender, the middle pair apparently inserted nearer the front than the hind pair, the tibia' about half the width of the femora. Abdomen slender, with parallel sides in the male, fullest beyond the middle in the female. Last segment similar to the penultimate and scarcely smaller, its posterior margin gently convex. Pygidium unapparent. Forceps about as long as the last three segments, laminate, nearly straight, directed backward, the basal third straight and ecpial, subattingent, the remainder tapering .slightly and equally with a slight falcation to a blunt, sometimes slightly inciu'ved tip (^) ; or appiircntly .somewhnt stouter and coarser than in the other sex, straight, laminnte, tapering throughout with no falcation; only lateral views, how- ever, have been obtained (?).
Length of body, excluding forceps, >■ 16. .'>""", ? l.')"""; breadth of head, f 2 2'""': of ])ronotum, ' 1. •»"""; of combined tegmji^a, ' 'M)""" ; of middle of abdomen, ' ."> f)""", v 4.2."/""'; length of antenna', 6'""'; of forceps, ,( 4'""", ? ;i.2r)'"'" ; breadth at base, <T 1 2'"' ; at tip, <? O.^fy"".
ORTHOPTEBA— FOIlFICULARIiB.
213
This species is closely leLated to L. gilberti, but, may be distinguished, at least in the male, by the lesser falcation of the forceps. The legs, too, are shorter and smaller, and the joints of the antennte less numerous. The sexual difference in the form of the abdomen may be due to the mode of preservation, but is apparently real.
Florissant. Ten specimens, Nos. 9201, 11172 and 13002, 13549 (<f), 6503, 7707, 9442, 9967, 11521 and 13546, 13003, 13548 ($).
8. Labiduromma lithophilum.
PI. 16, Fig. 19 ( 9 ).
Labiditra litlwphila Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., II, 359-260 (1876).
A specimen from Florissant (sent me by A. E. Foote) and figured on the plate was formerly described by me in the following terms: It is a female ; the body is much flatter than that of I«ibidura tertiaria, the abdo- men being equal on a side view, and the whole surface appears to be minutely punctulate ; the form of the head can not be determined ; the anten- na) approach in length the body [the first joint nearly cylindrical, scarcely enlarging at the tij), about four times as long as broad]; the comparative or actual length of the succeeding joints can not be determined; the prothorax has its hinder margin entire and flat; the tegmina are a little longer than the prothorax, their hinder edge straight and apparently oblique ; the wings appear to have surpassed the tegmina ; the legs are very short (especially the femora) and not stout ; the abdominal joints are of equal length ; the forceps are peculiar, having the appearance of being strongly bowed, although the specimen is a female ; they are very stout at the base, rapidly and regularly diminish in size on. the basal half (which is about equal in length to two-thirds the last abdominal joint), beyond which they are equal, about half as stout as the base, apparently bent rather strongly inward, and very broadly rounded at the tip, a form of forceps I have never seen in any living earwig.
Length of body, including forceps, 14.5"""; of antennae, ll"™; prono- tum, 1.85"'"'; tegmina, 2.5"""; hind femora, 1.8"""; forctps, 2.25"'"'.
The portion of the description included above in brackets has since been proved incorrect on closer study, and the whole of the anteniue in Fig. 19 incorrect. The additional specimens are very imperfect and only serve to show the general reseml)lance of this species to the others of the series.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 231, 316, 8837 («?).
214
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
9. Labidukomma sp. PI. Ifi, Fig. 24.
A single specimen showinjif the terminallialf of the alulonien represents a species evidently distinct from the others hy the form of the forceps ; hnt as a fair view of even these is not presented no name is attached. The specimen shows the side view with the ventral somites turned back so as to show tile body in double its width. The forceps have the aspect of those of a female, and appear to be entirely simple, slender, cyli"di'ical, tapering on the basal third and beyond equal, the tip apparently a little incurved.
Length of forceps, 2.3""" ; width (or depth), 0.25''"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. fyllH.
10. Labidukomma infernum.
PI. IC, Fig. 7 ( <? ).
Head roundish, of about equal length atul breadth. Pronotum orbicular, apparently of the same width as the head. Tegmina twice as long as broad, together at least half as broad agaui as the pronotum, the hiu'I edge a little rounded, surpassed only a little by "the folded wings. Legs moderately long, the middle and hind pairs subequal and considerably longer than the front pair, the femora about twice the breadth of the tibia*. Abdomen full, tapering posteriorly, the last segment a little longer than the others. For- ceps as long as the last three segments of the abdomen, slender, subequal, regularly arcuate, and bluntly j)ointed at apex (,?). The only specimen be- ing preserved on a side view agoodopportnnit}- is not afforded to determine upon the form of many of the parts. The sex is determinable by the num ber of abdominal .segments.
Length of body, excluding forceps, 11"""; of forceps, A""".
Florissant. One specimen, Xo. 2604 (,?).
11. Labidukomma labens. PI. W, Fiys. l.J, l(i ( .J ), 0 (iiniiiatun").
Head suborbicular, of about equal length and breadth, the posterior margin .somewhat Hattened, the mouth parts roundly and not very strongly produced, the eyes very large, occupying the entire breadth of the head, the margin being nearly continuous with the outer margin of the protliorax.
ORTDOPTEKA— BLATTAIILE.
215
Antennae rather stout, the basal joint stout and tapering, the second short, the third, fourth, and fifth subequal, the fourth as long as and the sixth longer than the first and cylindrical. Pronotum subquadrate, broadening a little and regularly from in front backward, the angles well rounded off, at its broadest a little narrower than the head, with a median impressed line. The specimens hardly show with certainty whether the species was winged or not, but there are some signs which can hardly be satisfactorily explained unless it were provided at least with tegmina and that the tegmina were obliquely truncate at the tip, so as to form an obtuse angle with each other when closed, the angle open backward. Metathorax considerably broader than the head. Legs rather short and rather slender, the tibia; more than half as broad as the femora. Abdomen rather long and slender, with parallel sides, of about the same width as the metathorax, the segments subequal, about three times as broad as long, the whole surface very weakly and distantly punctate. The last segments, seventh to ninth, decrease rapidly in size, together forming a half circle, so round and regular is the curve of the ex- tremity of the body. There is a small, bluntly rounded pygidium. The forceps of the male are very slender, almost as slender as the antenna;, cylindrical, equal nearly to the tip, about as long as the last five segments, tiie extreme base directed inward, beyond nearly straight and slightly di- vergent, the apical fourth incurving slightly and tapering a very little to a blunt point.
Length of body, excluding forceps, 10.25°""; of forceps, 3.4°"".
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 5004, 6318, 7118, 11674, 14471 (<?).
Family BLATTARI^ Latreille.
Although this group of Orthoptera is the most richly represented of all insects in the Paleozoic series, and has a great variety of forms in the Secondary rocks, most of whicli are much more nearly related to existing types than their i)redecossor8 of Carboniferous and Permian times, yet very few species, and tliose imperfectly preserved, are known from the Tertiaries. A few species occur in amber, and two or three others in various deposits. Only three species have been found in this country, and no one of them is well preserved. Tiiey all appear, however, to belong to American types, and to such as are now found only in the warmer regions. (June, 1884.)
2^6
TEllTIAllY INSECTS OF iJOltTU AMEKIOA.
PARALATINDIA Saussure.
This peculiar genus, wliich is nearly allied to the equally striking Latinilia, and from which Saussure considers it should only be distinguished subgenerically, is known only by a single species from Mexico ; Latindia comes from Mexico and Brazil. The occurrence of a fossil of this ;jroup, differing considerably from the known species, is a curious fact.
PaRALATINDIA 8AUSSUREI.
i
PI. C, Fig. 25.
Prothorax concealing tl'e head, smooth, well roundrd, triangular, a little broader than long, broadest posteriorly, the hinder margin nearly straight, the front strongly convex, almost produced, the lateral angles rounded. Tegmina extending beyond the extremity of the abdomen by about the length of the pronotum, together considerably broader than the pronotum, ihe costal margin pretty strongly arched. Mediastinal vein almost completely aborted, the scapular running parallel to ihe jnargin in the basal half of the wing, and furnished from the very base with slightly oblique, frequent, distinct cross-veins running to the margin and forming rhomboidal cells about twice as broad as long; the next vein is coiuiected with the scapular by transverse, not ob)i(iue, tolerably distant cross-veins, and similar cross-veins appear more or less in the apical half of the wing. The obli(jue fold characteristic of this genus is clearly shown in the detached wing thrown partly forward, but the species differs from the living type in its greater size, considerably larger wings, the extreme brevity of the medi- astinal vein, and the frequent distinct and little oblique branches of the scap- ular vein ; nor is the pronotum in the least hairy.
Length of body, 5.5™'" ? ; of pronotum, LHS""' ; breadth of same, 2.25""" ; length of tegmina, 5.2 /"'" ; breadth of overlaj)ping tegmina at rest, 3.5"'". •
Named for the (Mstinguished entomologist. Dr. Henri de San.ssure, of Geneva, Switzerland.
Green lliver, Wyoming. One specimen, Dr. A. S. Packard, No. 137.
ORTHOPTERA— BLATTARIiB.
217
ZETOBORA Burmeister.
This genua lias not before been found fossil, and the species at hand in sonie particulars more nearly resembles a Blabera ; but its size accords so much better with the species of this genus that it would seem more properly- placed here. Both Zetobora and Blabera are American types and charac- teristic of the warmer regions.
Zetoboea brunneri. PI. 17, Fig. 12.
A species is indicated about the size of Z. monastica Sauss. It differs from the ordinary forms of Zetobora in the regular form of its pronotum, which resembles that of a Blabera, and is scarcely brojider behind than in front, very broadly rounded in front, rounded and not angulate laterally, and a little less than half as broad again as long ; it is narrowly and delicately marginatebut nowhere distinctly reflexed, perfectly smooth, and completely covers the orbicular head ; it is light colored but edger, larrowly with black. The tegmlna are thin and provided with closely approximate multitudinous dark veins ; their exact length ran not be determined. The legs are moder- ately slender and show a few signs of delicate spines in such a way as to indicate that others not seen existed, and therefore nothing can be said of them.
Length of body, 17"""-; of pronotum, 4.6"""; breadth of same, G™"; length of tegmina, 20™"'!; of middle femora, 5™"'.
Named for the distinguished orthopterologist, Dr. Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl, of Vienna.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5122.
HOMCEOGAMIA Burm.
A single fossil species is referred here, and it is interesting to find that one of the few species described from the European Tertiaries has been re- ferred by Heer to Heterogamia, a name then used to include both Poly- phaga and Ilomceogamia. The species of Homoeogamia are few in number and found only in the warmer parts of America.
)\
218
TBUTIAUY INSECTS OP NOKTU AMERICA.
IIOMCKOQAMIA VENTRIUSA.
PI. 17, Fig. 8.
Homctofiamia rtntriotut HoiiiUl., null. U. 8. GimiI. Uuogr, Surv. Terr., I, p. 447 (IWO),
The reiiiaiiiM upon wliirh tlu8 species h bnaoil coiisiHt of the a|)icnl)>')r- tion of tlio ventral surface of an abilonien. Five sey'ments are seen in n;*'- ural juxtaposition, allowing tliat the apical portion of the abdomen was very reyulaily rounded, almost exuctly semicircular, the terminal segment pre- senting no break in the regular continuity of the curve. Thi.s segment was ample, broader than long, aiul probably neither very tumid nor greatly keeled; for in the present perfectly flattened condition of the fossil there is neither break nor folding of the integument; the two segments following this are very strongly arched (the penultimate being semicircular) and greatly contracted at the middle, so that this portion is not less than half as long as the lateral parts ; the anterior border of the antepenultimate segment is straight along the middle ; the segment anterior to this is also arched, though not strongl}-, is oppositely simuite (as are to a less extent the seg- ments posterior t(» it), and also nuich contracted in the middle, so as to be less than half as long as at the sides ; while its predecessor is slightly arcu- ate in the opposite direction (probably exactly transverse in life), and equal or suijequal throughout. All the segments are uniformly, rather abundantly, and very delicately granulate throughout. There is no trace of cerci, but the place where they should occur is too broken to assert that they did not exist externally ; still the conformation of this region would lead one to sup- pose that they nm.>*t have been excessively minute, and perhaps altogether concealed within the segnusnts, as in Cryptocercus Scudd.
Length of fragment, S"""; width of same, 12.2.')'""'; length of terminal segment, .'5.6'°"'; width of same, C.ii'"'"; length of antej)enidtimate segment in the middle, 0.6'"'"; at the sides, 1.H5"'"'.
1 have referred this species to Honutogamia with some doubt ; on some accounts it would seem to lie more nearly allied to I'olyphaga; but as the specimen is too fragmentary to allow of more exact determination I have preferred to jdace it in the New World genus rather than in its close ally, which is restricted to the Old World. Cockroaches of such large size are indigenous in warm climates only.
Florissant. One specimen, Mr. T. L. Mead, No. H.
:( I
OUTUOPTEBA— PHAHMIDA.
^19
I
Family PHASMIDA Leach.
Fossils of this family are among tho great raritios. Yet they have been found even in carboniferous times, as has been abundantly shown by Hrongniart. In a collection of over three thousand amber insects possessed by IMenge a dozen only belonged to this family and represented three different genera. But excepting in amber, they have never before been recovered from Tertiary deposits The single specimen found at Florissant is not very far removed apparently from the curious amber genus Pseu- doperla, but is more nearly allied to forms pecdiar to the warmer parts of America. (June, 1884.)
AGATIIEMERA Stfil.
This genus is composed of few and exclusively American species hav- ing a rather stout, compact, and brief form for Phasmida. All the genera in the inmiediate vicinity are also American, and none of them have before been found fossil.
AOATIIEMERA RECLU8A.
PI. 17, Fig. 11.
The brevity of the legs, aborted condition of the organs of flight short mesothorax, and comparatively stout abdomen not tapering apically make it tolerably certain that the species here found fossil belongs to the group formerly classed in Anisomorpha, and is more nearly related to Agath- emera than any other known genus. The head is quadrate, stout, a little longer than broad ; the pronotum is comjjosed of a larger quadrate piece, narrowing rapidly in front of the insertion of the legs, posterior to the con- traction about equally broad and long, but with it half as long again as broad ; mesothorax a little broader posteriorly than in front and twice as broad as the head, bearing t<.j;inina with rounded tips just reaching its posterior margirt, the segment of equal length and breadth and a little longer than the other segments of the thorax ; metathorax taj)ering apically, nearly as long as its g, eatest breadth, but shorter than the mesothorax, and bearing small functionless wings, not surpassing its borders. A slight raised median line on the front half of the thorax. Abdomen stout, enlarg- ing a little in the posterior half, all the segments broader than long by about an equal amount. The last segment of the abdomen is not preserved,
220
TERTIAUY INSKUTS OF NOKTII AMEUICA.
but tlio spoclmon would appoar to be a male. The legs aio moderately stout, the hind femora reachinj^ to about the tip of the fourth abdouiiiuvl Hegmeiit.
Length of body, 20""" ; of head, 1.6"'"' ; of pronotum, 2.75""" ; of meso- notum, 3"""; of metun(ttun», 2.fl'""' ; breadth of head, 1.2r)"""; of pronotum, l.TfV""'; of mesonotum, 3"'"'; length of fore and middle femora, 8,26"""; of hind femora, 4.75'""' ; of hind tibiiv, 5"'"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5817.
Family ACRIDII Serville.
Only ten Acridii have been published as found in the European Ter- tiaries and most of these behtng to the (Edipodidaj or have been placed there. The exceptions are (Edipoda nigrofasciolata Heer, Gomphocerus femoralis Heer and Acridium barthelemyi Hope which are j)robably Trux- alidie, and Tetrix gracilis Heer which is certainly a Tettigidea. The six species we have found in America are all Truxalidie and (Edipodida*, so that all but one of the known species belong to these two groups, the (Edi- podidat liaving half as many again as the Truxalida' in general, though the two groups ar'> ecpmlly represented in America. It is not a little remarkable that no Acridida^ proper have been found fossil. This group has a vast develojjment in the United States, and together with Phyma- tidic and i'amphagida", likewise totally uiu'opresented, is even richer in trop- ic^al regions. The subfamily best represented may be considered more than any other a denizen of the temperate regions, (.iuly, 1884.)
Subfamily TRTTXALIDiE Stdl.
Nearly a third of the known fossil Acridii belong to this group, and, aa stated above, it contains one-half of the American species. The reference of Acridium barthelemyi Hope from Aix to this group is, lio^vever, somewhat doubtful, the species l)eiiig imperfectly described. (Kdipoda nij^rofa-sciohita Heer from Kadoboj seems to beltmg here rather than to the (Edipodidse, for the vena intercalata is wholly absent and its cK>se resemblance to the large subtropical genus Scyllina Stal renders it probable that it belongs to that group ; a new resemblance is thereby discovered between the Kadoboj fos-sils and types of the warmer parts of America. (July, 1884.)
i^i^
ORTnOPTKUA— ACRIDII.
221
TYRBULA ^on. nov. (rvpfttf). '
This imino 1h proposed for a group of Truxulidiv ovidently falliiiiL'' in cloao proximity to Syrbiila Still, haviii<»' liiiour antoiniiv, onlarjjfod apically, und hind tibiae well provided with spines. The antenna' are more distinctly ('Iiil)l)(>d than in Syrbula, the club btntig about twice the diameter of the stalk, composed of seven or eight joints of which tlie last two are very small, forming a rapidly tapering tip. The head is loss prominent than in Syrbida and the eyes considerably smaller, l)eing considerably shorter than the in- fra«)cular parts of the cheeks ; otherwise the general aspect of the insect is the same. The genicular lobes are as in Syrbula. The hind tibiic are abun- dantly spined, in one species even much njore abundantly than in Syrbula.
Tabit of fhe upteiei of Tyrbula,
8|iliivH oDiiiKl tibiio exccodiiiKly nuineroiiH, tliuir basal hulf hardly tnporiiig.. . Spines of liluil tiliiiu less iininuraiiH, tapering nniforinly tlironKliont
1. T. mulHiipiHOia,
., 8. T. nisnelli,
1. Tyrbula multispinosa. PI. 17, Fig. 13.
Tliis species is represented mainly by fragments of liind wings and hind logs. Of the former nothing more can be said than that they appear to have had a faint smoky tinge with numerous black, delicate veins, and that when closed they extended a very little beyond tho tip of the abdomen. The hind legs aro long, moderately slender, the tibiic armed with exceptionally tnimerous spines which are blackish, of uniform width to beyond the middle, and then tapering, mainly by the excision of tho under edge, giving them a slightly upturned appearance, five or six times longer than their breadth at the middle, and so closely set that the interspaces and the spines are of equal breadth ; they decrease in length very regularly toward the base of tho tibia and to a slight extent toward tho apex ; but just how many there aro or how far they extend toward the base the imperfect natiu-e of the only specimen preserving the tibia forbids determining; it seems ))robablo, how- ever, that the number exceeds twenty-five. The specimen from Florissant, preserving the femur, is placed hero because its size agrees perfectly with the other spocMineiis and its form indicates the relationship. If it is correctly placed, tho fenuir is stouter and less delicately attenuated than in tho next species.
mm'mmmmi'<mm
ji
222
IKirriAUY INSI'Un'H OV NOIITII AMKItlCA.
liCMjffli of fomur, 17.r>"'"' ; hroudth of Humu, U.r)"" ; Ituigtii of'Iiind win(ffi, 23.5""" : of Ioiijr,.Ht til)ial HpincH, O.H""".
(irccn Uiv«'r, Wvoniiii;,'. Two Hpcoinu'iiH, Noh. 1M8 and 140, Dr. A. A I'ackanl; No. ft I, I'rof. L A Li'o. FloriHHant, Colorado. Ono Hpocimoii, No. 14720, collectod by MisH C. 11. IJIatcliford.
2. TyRIU'LA KUN8ELLI. PI. 17, FiRM. 1-4.
A coiipli* of ('X('»>lloiitly prcHcrvtMl Npeciinens, oxliihitiii}? n hmIo view, hIiow most of tlio body, tlu' aiitciiiia', ch^soil tormina with imdcrlyinj^ wiiijjs, front and hind h^<rs, and part of the nii(hn« lo^s. Tho hitad itt not very prominent, with rounded vertex, niod«'rately full retroatinj; front, eyes ratlier small, .superior, oval, conHiderahly shorter than thudiHtuneo from thoir lower odjife to the hnm of tho n)andil>le.s ; the antonnie are nearly half as lonjr uh the body, .strai<,dit, very slender, tho apieal fifth expandin^r to n dub of twice the diameter of the stalk, tho middle joints of which (Fig. 1) aro nearly twice as broad as long and micro.scopically densely punctate. The prono- tum is twice as long as the head, the posterior lobe not projecting very far; the tegmina are slender, l)roadh' rounded apically, reaching when closed tho t'\\) of the abdomen. The legs are all v(;ry slender and delicate, the front femora not much stouter than the tibia*, the fore and middle tibiiv with a double row of delicate, short, rather frcfpu^nt spines. Tho hind femora scarcely reach so far as the closed tegmina, but are slender and graceful, with the middle external lield well delined by superior and inferior c.arinji' or angles, with indications of having been twice annulate with narrow, dusky bands in the distal half, the outer aimulus midway between the inner and tlie apex ; hind tibia' fully as long as tho femora, very slender, armed with a large number (about eighteen to twenty) of <lelicate tapering spines, considerably longer than tlu* width of the til)ia', but more distant (Fig. 4) than in the preceding species; they are much broken in the specimens. Tarsi witli delicate crowded spines.
Length of body, 2.T""' ; of pronotum, 4..V"" ; of anteniuc, 10"""; width of dub, 0.4""": length of tegmina, 18"""; width of same, 2.7""" ; length of fore femora, .')..'>"""; f..re tibijc, .^).2.')""" ; hind femora, lU)"""; width of hind femora, 2"""; length of longest tibial sjnne, OJt""".
OIITIIOPTEUA-ACUUH I.
*^23
FloriHwiiit. Two H|)(M!iinonH, hoth appiiroiitly f'onmloK, N(». 14175, and tlio ono li^riinMl, tlio liittm* obtaiiiud by Mr. iMnud (J. I{iihh(!1I, of tlio U. S. Guologiuiil Siirvoy, for whom tlio HjxMiii'H is iiiuiumI.
OOMFllOCKUlIrt TlumborK.
Heor (loscriboH iv HpncioH of thin j^omuh from ( )o)iiMj»'(3n. Tt in of smiiU nho, liko moHt of thoHo of t(Mii])urivto AinoriiMi iiiul Kiiropo, wliilu tho HpooioH boro provisionally roforrod to it is very nmcli lur^^cr. I liavo also seem m sp((('i('s from Aix, labeled as u Gomphoconis by Ilc^jr, which may, perhaps, bu moro nearly allied to Fieptysma or Arnilia. GompliociM'iis and its nuaror allies aro riitlior charai^toristic. of, or at least are at present better known from, tempurutu re/^ions, and are found around the entire globe. (July, 1884.)
(JoMPllOCKkUS AIJSTRirHlJS.
IM. 17, KiR. (i.
This species is placed here because of its general afKnities as indicated by tho front half of tho body, which, lis seen on a side view, is all that is preserved. It does not scorn, on several accounts, to belong in the genus, but It })lainly comes near it. Tho head is largo and protuberant, with a in'ominent vertex, sharply angled as seen on a side view, with a rounded, retreating fiico. Anteniiic slender, very slightly enlarged to a faint elon- gated club at the apex, nearly reaching to the tip of the pronotum. Tho latter shorl, with (piadrate deflected lobes, the inferior margin Htnilght. Tegmina large, dusky, with the Interspaces between the longitudinal veins broken at base by straight cross-veins into pretty regular sipiaro or sub- (piadrate cells.
Length of fragment, 21""" ; of head, 4.;")""" ; length of face, 5.5"'"' ; length of anteniiic, 8"""; of pronotum, ,"»'"'"; heigiit of same, 4'
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 6.'55 and 1173(),
Sublhniily a<:r>IPOI3II).^: St&l.
To this subfamily lieloiig most of the fossil Acrldii and half of the American species, lleer in his Tertiiirgebilde and his ITrwelt der Scliweiz describes half a dozen species from Oeningeii and Kadoboj, referring tiiem all to the old genus (Edipoda. Serres mentions a species from Aix which
nWIHI
224
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
!
lie coinpures to (Edipodu coBrulescens, iind 1 liave seen an undescribod form from Aix in the hands of M. Ouatalet wiiicli is apparently allied closely to Cliiiniirocephala. Of the Radoboj species descril)ed by Heer, O. nigrofas- ci«)latn, as rtatod above, is probably a Scyllina and not an a-dipodid. O. nielaiiosticta is perhaps an Hippiscus, and O. haidinjreri a Dissosteira, or certainly very close to it. Of the Oeningen species which Heer describes, O. fisolieri looks somewhat like a Chimaroce})hala, and 0. germari (not described) is said by Ileer to belong near Pachytylns. O. oeningensis is too obscnre to say that it belongs in this family. The larger part of the European species would therefore seem to have decided American affinities, Chimarocephala, Dissosteira, and Hippiscus being distinctively American.
Of the American species, one is referred to (Edipoda only in a general sense : the two others belong to new genera, one near the end, the other next the end of the scries, in the vicinity of Chimarocepliala and Encopto- lophus, American gonora.
Tlie family tinds its greatest development in the north temperate regions of the world, and is remarkably abundant in forms in North Amer- ica, and particularly in the warmer and more arid parts of the United States. (July, 1884.)
NANTHACIA gen. nov. (Nanthaco~f ffi^^shopper, Otoe).
This name is jn'oposed for a genus of (Edipodida* which is allied to Encoptolophus, but in which the upper ulnar vein of the jH'canal area of the hind wings does not exteiul nearly to the margin of the wing but ter- minates before the middle, as it does in the tegmina, in a fork which e.xtends above to the radial and below to the lower ulnar vein.
Nanthacia torpida.
A single specimen of this has been recovered, .showing a hind wing only, in whicii the anal area is closed and the proanal almost fully exposed. 'I'he principal radial vein runs in close proximity to the costjvl margin, and il is connected with tiic veins above by very .short cross-veins, and near the tip of tlic wing by a stigma, as in Encoptolophus. It has two principal ob- liipic forks, tlie inner arising oidy a little within the middle <»f the wing and terminating on the ulnar a little before the outer margin, the other arising rather less than a third of the way from the former to the apex and ter-
OJiTHOPTERA— ACItlDII.
22.5
niinating in the middle of the apical margin ; the interspaces above the lat- ter fork, above the biise of the former and the postradial area, are filled with freqnent stout and straight cross-veins, while the interspace betwee.i the radial branches is filled by more distant, oi'Um obli(pie, straight veins, form- ing squarish colls. The membrane apiiears to have been hyaline and the veins and cross-veins distinct and black.
Length of wings, 22"""; breadth of preanal area, 2.35'""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. IHOO.
n-:i)ll'Oi).\ Latreillc
A number of European species have been referred to this genus, but only in a broad sense, and, as I have stated above under the family, may most of them be more definitely placed. Here, however, nuist fall both O. (vningensis lleer and the American species descril)ed below, as belonging to the genus in its widest sense, and the Aix s))ecies mentioned by Serres ma}- also proi;ably find a place here, as Jr'ierres compares it to tlic t\pe of the genus. In its most limited .sense the gc.>us is confined to the Old World. (July, 1884.)
(EuiPOUA PU.EKOCATA. PI. 17, Fiy. r>.
. The single specimen found represents the 1)asal half of a hind wing overlying a similar part of an obscure front wing. JJy the venation and markings it appears to l)elong to the (Edipodida>, but it is too imperfect to judge more closely of its affinities. The wing was a large one, fuliginous, with at least three parallel and equidistant curving rows of paler (or brighter) markings in the form of nrther narrow bands, the middle one apparently in the middle of the wing the broadest and discontinuous, cross- ing most of the whig; the inner one, midway between this and the base, narrower and crossing the upper half or less of the wing. In the anal area the intercalary veins run far in toward the base of the wing, and in the outer half become broken into two or oven more, so that several rows of cells lie between tlie anal rays next the outer portion of the wing.
Length of fragnuMit, 2:\""" : probable length of wing, 30'"'" ; its proba- ble breadth, 18'""'; breadth of tegmina, 4""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7389. Vol xin ir»
>gjsmm
m
226
TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
TAPHACHIS gen. nov. (edrrTw, duph).
This peculiar genus appears to fall in the Kreraobidsu or near tliia group of CEdipodidii^ the intercahvry vein of tht* tegniina being absent, but it does not agree with any of the known genera of that tribe. The head is hirge and well rounded, smooth ; the vertex of moderate width, the eyes hirge, not prominent; antenna' cylindrical, uniform, slender, not reaching the extremity of the short pronotuni. Pronotuni stout, rather short, very slightly and regularly expanding from in front backward, the lobes of equal length, the anterior divided in the middle by a second transverse incision, the very slight median carina not extending to its anterior half, which is produced and angulate ; tip of pronotum obtusely angulate. Tegmina longer than abdomen, the costal area broad at base but not convex ; the simple subexternomedian arises in tiie middle of the wing and the oxter- nomedian vein has five branches beyond it, with simple cross-veins in the interspaces and no reticulation ; there is no intercalary vein ; the interno- median vein terminates just before the origin of the subexternomedian in a large, triangular cell (surrounded by irregular reticulation), from the lower angle of which springs a broad fork, the inner branch of which terminates at the end of the short anal vein far within the middle of the wing. The wings are as long as tlie tegmina, the pre anal portions repeating clo&'^ly, especially in the branches of the externomedian vein, the characteristics of the tegmina.
Taphacris reliquata.
PI. 12, Figs. 8, 11).
The vertex is a little less than half the width of one of the eyes, as seen from above. Antenna' composed <if about thirty-two joints, each about twice as long as broad, the whole reaching close to the tip of the pronotum. i^ronotiun slightly long«'r than its greatest l)readth. Tegmina slender and nearly e(pial, the scapular vein closely approaching the costal margin at about three-fifllis the distance from the base, the mediastinal terminating at about two-fifths the distance, the area above it forming a regular triangle broad at base and gradually narrowing, filled with o1)lique, but toward the l)ase rather irregular, veins. The tegmina appear to have been more or less obscurely testaceous, and perhaps more or less i)lot<;iied, but the veins are
ORTHOPTERA— LOCU8TAU1/K.
227
distinctly marked ; the vviiign are also testaceous along- the costal-margin, but elsewhere hyaline with blackish veins and no sign of intercahiry veins between the anal rays.
Length of body, 33.5""" ; of head, 2.5"'"' ; of antetnii«, 9'"'" ; of pronotuni, 7.5'""'; of tegmina, 30.5"""; breadth of head, 4.5"'"'; of pronotum in front, 5"""; behind, (i.75"""; of middle of tegmina, 4""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 404 and 4()43 (?), 7507.
M
Family LOCUSTARI^G Latreille.
Like the Acridii, this family of ()rthopt(M'a is not well represented in the Tertiary rocks ; no specimens of either have been found in amber, ex- cepting a few larviv; of this family. Yet almost all of the larger subfamilies are present both in Europe and America. The Conocephalidie, liowever, which are represented in America by two species, have none in Europe, and per contra, the DecticidjB, which have three species in P'.urope, do not occur in America. Two of the European species can not be ])laced, Locustites maculata Ileer from Parschlug and Decticus oxstinctus Germ., from the Rhenish coal. Ten species, including two referred to only by generic names, have been found in the European Tertiaries, and five in America, besides indications of others. Unlike the Acridii, tlie European and Ameri- can species show few points in common, ihe species wliich are referred to the same subfiimilies being widely separated, (-ruly, 1 HH-i).
Subfamily PH YLLOPHORII).^ StAl.
The only European species of this group, which is best represented in warm, t( aperate, and tropical countries, is Fhaneroptei-a vetusta Ileer from Oeningen, and it is widely distmct from the single American species referred here. (July, 1884.)
LITHYMNETES Scudder.
Ulliymiietea Scndd., Hull. V. S. Gonl. (leogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 532-5:!;! (18*H).
A stout-bodied genus of Phyllophoridic, probably l)elonging near Steiro- don, but dirteriiig from the entire series into wliich Steirodon and its sillies fall in the great lengtli of its ovipositor, which is at least as long as the abdomen ; while in Steirodon and its allies, so far as I know them, it is seldom more than two oi- three times as long as broad ; it is also peculiar
I
228
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
ill the disposition of the principal radial branch of the tegmina. The head is hir<«e, full, well rounded ; the eye snnill, almost circular, its longer diameter at right angles ttt the extremity of the vertex. Tiie pronotum shows no sign of having its lateral borders cristate or even creindate, but this ma}- be due to inii)erfect preservation of tlie singU* specimen at hand, on which it is impossible to determine the form of the lateral lobes. Teg- mina much longer than the body, densely reticulated, very ample, expand- ing at the very base, so as to be nearly ecjual before the extremity ; this is destroyed, but is evidently formed somewhat, and perhaps exac^tly, as in the Steirodon series, since it tapers on either border, but more rapidly on the inner than on the costal margin, its curve indicating that the apex of the wing is above, and probably considerably above, the middle. The scapular vein, in the middle oi the basal half of the wing, curves strongly toward the costal margin, nearly reaching it beyond the middle of the same, and thence following nearly parallel and in close proximity to it ; in the broader part of the costal area, beyond the subcostal vein (which acts in a similar man- ner), it emits three or four branches, the larger ones of which fork and, with the branches of the subcostal vein, strike the costal border at equal d istances apart ; all these branches are straight, and are connected by irregular, weaker cross-veins, while the interspaces are filled with a still weaker, dense mesh- work. The externcmedian vein, parallel to and sepa- rated distinctly from the preceding, emits the principal branch where the scapular curves upward ; this branch continues the basal course of the mjiin vein, is straiglit, forks at about the middle of the wing, each fork again branching at a little distance beyond, the branches of the upper fork strik- ing the l)order of the wing where it seems probable the apex falls ; all the l)ranches of this fork curve a little, but only a little, downward ; the second branch of the exteniomedian vein is emitted shortly before the middle of the wing, and does not reach the margin, dying out shortly beyond the middle of the wing. The siil)externomedian vein runs above the middle of the remaining portion of the discoidal area, and emits four inferior branches, at subecpial distances, the first of which forks and the second originates oj)posite the |)rincipal l)ranch of the exteri'omedian ve'n. Apparently the anal area is pretty long. Wings apparently extending l)eyond the tegmina. The legs are short, slender, the fore tibia> apparently furnished with a m<»derately broad obovate foramen, the hind tibia- of etpial size throughout,
OUTIIOPTEHA— LOCUSTARJJ-:.
229
slightly longer than the hind femora, and the hitter scarcely extending beyond the al)domen. Ovipositor long, broad, saber-shaped, a little up- curved.
This is one of the largest Tertiary Locustaria? known, if not the largest.
LlTHYMNETKS GUTTATUS.
PI. 17, Figs. 14, 15.
Lithymnetc8 guttatua Scndd.. Bull. U. S. Oeol. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 5;i:f-o34 (1878).
This is the largest insect I have seen from the Tertiary shales of Flor- issant, and is remarkable for the markings of the tegmina, which are covered throughout (with the possible exception of the anal area and the extreme base of the vving, which are obscure) witli minute, circular, equidistant, pale Npots, situated between the nervules ; they have a mean diameter of half a millimeter, and a mean distance apart of one and a half millimeters. The head is full and regularly rounded on a side view, with no prominences. The antennre appear to have the usual structure, but the second joint is small, and the thickness of the joints above the front of the prothorax is 0.45°"", already diminishing to 0.3""" at the posterior border of the same ; they are broken shortly beyond this point, so that their length can not be determined. The mean diameter of the eyes is scarcely more than one-third the shortest length of the genaj. The costal margin of the tegmina is gently convex, with a regular curve throughout, or until close to the tip ; the inner margin ha.s a similar though slighter convexity ; the principal branch of the externomedian vein passes through the middle of the wing. The legs are Jill slender, the liind femora very slight, but little incrassated toward the base, the hind tibia> slender, equal throughout, armed at tip with a pair of small, moderately stout, black-tipped spurs, the hind tarsi about two-lifths the length of the tibiae the claw very slight. Ovipositor broad, gently curved, at least as long as the hind tibia-, of nearly equal size upon the part preserved.
Length of body (excluding ovipositor), 37""'; depth of head, 12.5"""; larger diameter of eye, 1.85"'"'; shorter, 1.35"""; distance from lower edge of eye to upper edge of mandibles, 4""" ; length oi" jjreservcd part of tegmina, 45.5'""' ; probable length of same, 55"" ; distance from base of tegmina to front of head, 13""" ; from same to base of principal branch of externomedian
n
230
TKRTIAUY INSP:CT.S OF NOKTll AMKIilCA.
vein, 14.5""" ; hrciidtli of teginina in iiii«1<ll(', 1 (>"'"'; l('ii},'tli of tore femora,* 9"'"'; middle femom', ]()"'"'; liind femora, 1!!"'"'; fore til)ia-, !>.r."'"'; middle tibia-, 1 ()..")"'"•; liiml tibia-, 21""" ; fore tarsi, 7""" ; hind tarsi, S""" ; apical spurs of hind til»ia-, 1.7.")"""; claw of hind tarsi, O.'t""".: jrreatest breadth of hind femora, 3"""; length of ovipositor (broken), IS"'"'; breadth at base, .'5'"'"; at a distance of 14"'"' f om base, 2..".5"'"'.
The specimen is preserved on a side view, with the left (upper) tegmen and the ovipositor drooping, the other parts in a natural attitude, the legs drooping.
Floris.sant. One specimen. No. 11.5."»7 (9).
Siibtiimily PSETTDOPHYI^I.ID/E Burmeister.
The Tertiary species described by Fleer from Greenland under the name of Locusta gid-nlaudica falls probably in this family; but there is no close connection between it and the American .species described below. The distril)ntion of the family at the present day is in general similar to that of the last named. (July, 1884.)
OYMATOMERA Schaum.
This tropical or subtropical Old W(»rld genus does not properly find a rei)resentative in the American rocks, l»ut the species here described, too imperfect for separate diagnosis, a{)pv.. rs to fall in its near vicinity and is consequently referred here ])rovisionally. No fossil species is known.
Cymatomkra maculata. PI. 17, Fig. 7.
A couple of spotted fragments from near the base of the tegmina of a locustarian are placed here provisiouall}', liecause they agree better with th(! group represented by that genus than with any other, though they plainly can not l)elong to Cymatomera in any strict sense. The better of the two fi-agnients shows the base of a broad wing, with dark brownish, lon- gitudinal veins, spreading widely, and the spaces between them or their branches l)roken by very frequent, long cross-veins into short but v»-ry deep (juadrangular cells, while the whole surface, largely independent of the
'There is hoiiip (loiil)t abniit tlicw iiii>aHiii'i>iiiHnlH, tlii; basal portioiiH lieiiif{(iliNCiiri-.
ORTHOPTKRA— LOOlTSTARr^i.
231
i
cells and even of the veins, is heavily blotched with irregular spots of paler or deeper l)ro\vn. The largest and deepest of the spots is central, following the here approximated j-adial and ulnar veins.
Length of the fragment, 8.5'""' ; breadth of the same (probably nearly the breadth of the base of the wing), 12.5""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1724, 2844.
Snblamily CONOGEPHAT.TD/E Stiil.
Although unknown in the Eui'opean Tertiaries, this subfamily of locus- tarians, pretty well developed in the southern half of the United States, and far more so than in Europe, is represented by tvro form^ from the Tertiaries of Florissant, not distantly allied to forma still existing in our country. (July, 1884.)
OPCHELIMUM ServiUe.
This genus, not before found fossil, and represented in North America by a considerable number of species, especially in the warmer portions of the United States, is found in the shales of Florissant, a large species hav- ing been disinterred. In its broad sense the genus is widely distributed over the globe, but in a narrower one, in which our fossil will fall, it is, I believe, peculiar to America. (July, 1884.)
Orchelimum placidum. PI. 17, Figs. 10 ( 9 ), 18, 19 ( * ).
Though obscurely defined, especially in the very parts which are necessiiry to examine for close determination, the specimens at hand have so clearly the aspect of an Orchelimum that we may .safely consider them as belonging to that modern genus, which Stlil unites with Xiphidium. The species is a very large one, larger even than O. concinnum Scudd., which is the largest known to me, and has the angulated fastigium (seen on a side view) and retreating face characteristic of the genus. The folded tegmina and Avings extend some distance beyond the abdomen, and the ovi- positor, which is well preserved and permits one to see that the upper and lower blades are of e(|uul length, is peculiar for its length and bluntness of tip. It is also much slenderer than in O. concinnum and less curved, in which respects it approaches Xiphidium.
m
.1;
ill
232
TKK'TIAIIY INSIOC rrs OF NOUTII AMKItlCA.
!
I.«Mi;rtIi of l»o(ly, ' .•(! , ? 28 ; ni' tefriiiiim, , 'JS)""" : of liiiul femur,
<J2.'{"""; of ovipositor, Ifi"""; hmultli of InttDr in niiddh", 1.1""".
Florissant. Two specimoiis, Nos. i;{55l (/), 774H und I.'JjVjO (?).
r^OClISTA ]/uuw.
This {fciiiis, which occurs in the Old siud New Worlds alike, hut in the New Workl only in the western portion of onr country, has never before been found fossil, several species referred to l<ocusta helonying elsewhere, Locustrt j^nenlandica, as stated, is probahly oneof tlie l'seudo|)hyllida', and the Locusta nu^ntioned l)y Serres as found at Aix is, to jud<jfe from his ref- enfuce, one of the Decticida'. A single form has been found at Florissant not unlike the living species. (July, 1MS4.)
Locusta sii.kns. PI. 17, Fips. », H).
A single specimen showing the base of the abdomen, with a side view of the folded wings and tegmina and a portion of the hind femur, indicates a species of true Locusta about as large as L. occ-identalis Thom. from (!ali- fornia. The arrangement of the veins in the tegmina, though confused b\' the overlapping (»f the wings, is nevertheless distinctly that of Locusta proper; this does not appear in the plate, where the media.stinal and internomediau nervules are not shown, and the scapular vein made to do duty as the costal margin. The wings were apparently obscurely griseou^■ and perhaps longi- tudinally streaked as in the recent species mentioned. The hind femora were slender just as in Locusta, but along the middle of the outer face in the thickest portion is a distinct though very delicate carina showing in some i)arts, as in Fig. It, a very delicate spinulation. 'i'he modern species mentioned has no mid-lateral carina.
Length of tegmina, 42"""; width of same, 7'""'; probable length of hind femora, 3-'"""; width of same, .'J.')'
Fhtris.sant. One specimen, No. 7r)44.
Subliunily ailYI.I.ACRinir)^^ Stal.
This family has been supj)osed to have a great anti(|uity, but this may be doubted, sinc»! I have shown elsi.'where that .several of the species from Carboniferous dej)(>sits referred Imn; belong rather to tlmncMiropteroid series. We find, however, several Tertiary species referred here, two from Kadoboj,
OUTIIOPTKIfA— FiOOnSTAIM.K.
233
Gryllacris cliarpoiiti ii'i Iloor and (I. iiu<rori Heor, ns well um a rct'eroiico to the goiuis l)y (Japollmi of a species fouiid In the Italian TertlarleH. A Hingle American species luiH l)een found. (July, 1884.)
GRYLI.ACIMB Sorville.
All the Tertiaiy niembors of the family have been referred loosely to this genus, and it is with the same looseness, necessary from its imperfect slate, thiit the single Florissant species is also referred to it. Tlie presence of this form at Florissant is indicative of a much warmer climate than found at present in that latitude. (.July, 1884.)
GrYLI-ACRIS CINKRI8.
VI. 17, Fiff. 17.
Though no Gryllacris jjroper and differing considerably even from the fossil species which have been referred here, the only specimen is too obscure to speak very positively of its atHnities. The insect is of very .stout form, the head large, appressed, flattened behind, convex in front, the eye tolerably large, twice as long as deep; the thorax stout, the abdomen very stout, full, tapering apically, the legs m flier small, the tegmina and wings moderately ample, about as long as tlio body. Tegmina with a nearly straight costal margin, a prominent shoulder near the base, the tip well rounded and a little produced, the inner margin rather full ; the medi- astinal veins with their fan-like distribution occupy the 1)asal third of the costal border; the scapular vein terminates on the same margin a little before the tip, and emits equidistant, parallel, oblique, superior branches throughout its course; the externomedian runs parallel to the former ; in the latter half of the wing it emits inferior, longitudinal, parallel branches which occupy the whole tij) of the wing, and from before the middle a sin- gle branch with one or two superior nervules parallel to the others ; the nervules lielow this have also a longitudinal direction, but their attacliinents are obscure. The neuration of the hind wing is similar, but the mediastinal and scapular areas are exce.ssively narrowed, while the lower areas are expanded as in most orthopterous hind wings. The plate is in error in making the terminal portion of the externomedian vein branch from the scapular vein.
1
234 TKIfTIARY INHRDTrt OF'' NORTH AMKRKU.
I.oiigfh <»r ImmIv, 2r»"""; of lioiul, .'» ; doptli of miiiu'. n""" ; lenjrtli of
tt'f,niiiim, -J?""" : I'roudtliof huiiig, 8,r)"""; of will},', 11.5
KlonHHiiiit. Olio Mpociinoii, Noh. 4499 hikI 4642,
fiOCrMTAHIK K|».
Anionjif tlio (^rtlioptoni noticed in tlio Greoii Uivor HlitileH is a tihia niul tViifjriiioiit of tlio jittiU'liod toiiiiir of wliiit is iippiiroiitly the middle log of ii Lociistiiniiu iiJiout tho sizo of ii I'liylloptoru.
Gnu^ii Uivor, Wyoiniii;,'. No. \f»'2'.\3.
Family GRYLLIDES Latreille.
Fossil spcclos of tliis fiimily are not niiiiu^roiis ; only a sinifh; spjiciew liHs boon fully doscrihod from iimhor, and a Hocoiid f\<^urod from Ooningen. At Ai.x, lio\v»!voi', tlioy appitar to ho tolerably al)iiiidant, for .Sorros nioii- tiona no loss than seven species, of which two are Gryllotalpa- (lloer also mentions a (rryllotalpa from Oeningeii), oiio a Xya, while ho compnres the fonr others to species of (Kcaiithiis, (rrvlliis, and Nemoblns. lleer's Oeii- ingen species is probably a Nemobiiis and the amber species one of the Trigonidii.' We have also seen a couple of species of Nemobiiis from Ai.x in the hands of M. < )!istalet at Paris. < )iir <»wn species, three in niimlxM', all appear to belong in close proximity to one another and to the Gryllida' proper, but rcMjuire for their jiroper elucidation to be clas.sod in a distinct gemi.s. They ftll come, curiously, from the (Jreeii River beds. (June, 18H4.)
PRONPiMOlUUS gen. nov. (Trfjn, Nemobins, nom. gen.).
Having the faciesof Neiiiol)iii.s, but with the hind femora entirely dcivoid of spines, or even serrulations. The .''.pecies scmmm t(» dill'or coiisideraidy in certain |)oints. but as they all agre(! in this particular, which is uniipie, not only in this tribe, but among fJryllides generally, they ar*) plac;ed together.
The species may be separated as follows:
Tiihli uf llir xiiivien of I'ruiii iiiohiiiH.
Iliiiil I'eniorik largo, oxcRcdiii); lU""" in length 1. P. induralim,
lliiiil reiiinni-tiiiall or iiiciliiiiii nI/.i'iI, Ichs IIium 0""" in Iviigtli.
Iliiid ruiiKira hairy 2. /'. Iirliarim.
Hind fciiioru Hiiiootli M. P. muithU.
' Tho hind tihiat iiitiHt cvrtaiiil.v l>o ri<|irf!tiintt;il hm Nhorhir than they Hlinnhl lie. as in othur n^NpcctH the reprnsuntation appears to lir that <d' a (\vrtoxiphnH, iti which (as in all Tri);onidii) tlie hind libiie are very nearly aa Ion); an or lunger tbuii the hind femora.
OUTUOl'TKKA— (i ItY IJJ DKS.
235
1. FUONKMOIIIII.S INDHKATirS. PI. «, V\k. 18.
TIii.s Hpocit's, iimcli tlio liirffost »»l" tlio tiircH) lioro (lescrili(Ml, is ropro- Hontotl by two liiiitl lo^s iiiitl u portion of'oiui of tho to<^iiiiira, toiiiul in prox- imity to ono of tilt! lej^H. Tlio winjj^, shown in tlut H<fnro, Iuih a ])ortion of tlio costiil iiolil displiiyod on tlio loft with three or fonr piinillel voins cnrvinj^ toward tho niar}>'in, ono of them forked — an nniisual circinnstanco ; and on tho right tho larger portion of the basal half of tlu* dorsal (lold, wheni the simplicity and flowing conrse of the veins, in whi(!h no tyinpaninn is constrneted, indicates a female. The nouratio.i, however, is very diti'er- ont from tho prevailing simple type of the (jiryllidai proper and nnich more closely resomijles that of the ihyllotalpida- or of some Hneopterida', tho oblique veins of tho middle ttf the wing, whose course is toward tho lateral nmrgin of tho field, being ofTshoots of a couple of basid veins whoso olditpiity is toward the inner margin. T\u^ hind femora are rather slenderer than usual among Gryllidic, but not so slender as in the Eniioptcu-ida- and allied subfamilies, rather sparsely hairy id)ove and with the outer face dusky, and marked by pale, ol)li(pie lines. The hind tibia is present in only ono speci- men and a little incomplete, so that one can not say whether it is longer or shorter than tho femur ; it is uniforndy and rather sparsely haired throughout.
Length of fragment of wing, 7""" ; of hind femur, 11-12""" ; breadth of same, 3.2.')""" ; of fragment of hind tibia, 8.."j""" ; breadth of same, O.O""".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 136, 139, Dr. A. S. Packard.
2. Pl{ONEMonHI.S TFUi'nARIU.S.
PI. «, Fig.s. i;{, L'l, 23.
Nemohiim iirliiiriiis SiMidd., Hull. U, ,S. V.eiA. Oi'o;4r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 774 (187S).
This species was first described from legs only, by which it was judged that the insect must have been rather smaller than our conmion Neniobius vittatus (Ilarr.), its hind femur being T™" long, broad, and stout, especially near tho base, where it measures 2.1"""; its upper half is covered with ex- ceedingly delicate, recund)ent hairs directed backward ; tiiere are also a few hairs upon the slender hind tibia, which is broken just where it begins to enlarge, showing signs of tho upper spines ; this portion is about three-
23(i
TKUTIAUY INSMTS (H- NORTH AMKKK^A.
rourtliit tlif li'ii;;tli of ilio iriiMir. Tlio tVttiil t'ciiiiiriiiKl til)iii, wliicli iii'o cnch only 2.'-'.')""" loii^r, also iiiili('iit<> a hiiiuII spccicH, and ono that \h iiiiiiNually tr(>(> iVoin .H|)iiies, no liairs ttvMi Immii^ diHccrnililc on tliis iVont Ic;^.
Since then otiicr nn<l iiion> pcrt'crt H|i«Htitnc!nH Iiavii coino to hand, in- cludini; sonio a little lar^rcr, Hliowin^r itH H\/.e to hv ahont tliat of the rucunt Hp(M'i('s rcf'ericd to. Tlio body IniH the sanie;(ein'i'al t'orni. 'I^he head HceuiH to lie a little lon;rf|- in proportion to itn Itieailth, the uyes p(>rhapH a little smaller, tht« Itasal joint of antenna* t]w Hanie. The pnnuttiMn irtof the nnuw form, hnt hoth head and proi.otum are only sparsely tdothed with very short hairs. All tht! win^red specimens are tenndes, and the tojrmina are aliout three-(ptarfers the; lenjfth of the ahdoinen, much i.'ore delicat(dy constriu'ted than in Nemoltins, the veins l»eiu<»' more frecpient aiut i-.Mich slenderer; on the costal held they run perfectly ])arallel at a slij^ht unj^le from the lateral ang'le hetwecMi the fields ; on the dorsal field they are less numerous, heavier, strai;^ht, and parallel, liiit more fr*Mpu>nt and weaker than in Nemohius vit- tatus. The win>'s are fullv half as lonjj ajfaiii as the ahdonieu. The ovi- positor is short, not reachin;^ to the win<f tips, slender, ami strai<;ht. The hind femora are shaped as in Nemohius, hairy, tlut hind tihiic shorter than th(? teniora, enlar;^inji' a little toward the tip, and hairy, hut without a trace of spines; tlie hinil tarsi are about half as Ion;; as tlie tihia-, the hrst joint lon^fer than the others comhined, all of them (cylindrical.
Len;,'th of hody, !).5""" ; te;,nnina. (»""" : win;;s, 9.5""" ; ovipositor, ;J.;V""' ; hind femur, ".' : hind tihia, 4..'."""; hind tarsi, 2.5"'"'.
(ireen River, Wyomin;r. Seven specimens, Nos. 18, 20 (collected hy F. ('. A. Uidiard.son); MSS (c.dlected hy S II. Scudch-r); and Nos. 1M5, 141, 142 and 141, 14;} (Collected hy Dr. A. S. Packard).
.'5. I'uo.NKMOIUrs .SMITllll. ri. (i, Fijr. L"J.
Two specimens of this species are preserved, one showinjr a side view of the whole hotly, the other a nearly ventral view of the hiiulerhalf; hoth appear to he females, hut tluc hinder portion of tlu^ ahdonu^n is lost withtiie ovipositor, the l(!M;;th of which can not he determined, unless some obscure marks behind (»nL' of the specimens are to be considered as indicating that it was short as in 1*. tertiarius. The head as seen on a side view is as long as the i)ronotum, like which it is very (hdicately, almost imperceptibly.
()UTII(M»Ti;itA -(IRYMilDKH.
2.17
sc'iil)n)us und ImirloHM; tlin oyoH iint hiiihII, H(rarc(tly inoru tliiiii oiio-toiirth tho iliiunotor of tlio lioiid ; tlu! tof^miiiii less tiniii twico iis Ictiijr as tho pro- iiotiiiii ; till! wiiiys very loiiff, n'ucliiny twicit as fur as tli(> fips ol' tlie hiinl foiuoni ; tho iiiiid lo;jrs iimisiially sloiidcr and HiiiiKttli, iu.'itli(!r femora m »r til)iu' lK>in;i(!Vi!ii hairy ; tht! tihia- am imt ciilari^cd at. their oxtmmity, and tho liiiul tarsi aru ahoiit half as stout an tho tihia>, vvitli a lon<^ hasal joint.
liCiigth of body as prcsorvod, 7"""; prohablo ontirn h-nglh, S.r»""" ; h^ngtli of pronotmn, l.C"""; of hind \vin;,'s, H.a""" ; of liind foniora, .'J.;')""" ; hroiidth of same, 1,1"""; hsngth of hind tiltia-, 'i.f)""" ; Itniadth of saMio, 0.2"'"'.
Named .iftor Prof. H. I. Smith, of Yah) (Jolle;rc, who lias « imtrihutiMl to our knowlodgo of tho ( )rthoptora of New Kn<,dand. Tho specios is smaller than tho procodinjj, has proportionally much longor winjrs and a smo(»thur integument.
Green Uivor, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. I'M, 145, Dr. A. S. Packard.
HEMIPTERA^ Liimc^.
i ■
I V
With this group we reach the most, iniportiint section of tl»e present work, since it of all the lower orrlers of insects was far the most abmidant at Florissant. As, however, the g'roup is divisible into two great suborders under which, separately, such general statements as seem approjiriate regard- ing the relative representation of the families will be given, we reserve he-f* only a brief remark or iwo upon the relation of the two suborders.
I presume it can not be far wrong to state that the honiopterous fauna of any given region of considerable extent in the north temperate zone is to the heteropterous fiiuna asaboat one to thre(s or, in other words, that about 2r> per cent of the hemipterous fauna is houuipterous. These figures are the result of the comparisons of .several fannal lists. In Mr. Uhler's List of the Ilemiptera of tl^e (Tnited States west of the Mi.ssissippi (the geographical area of our j)resent work), the TIomo|)tera hold a still more insignificant place, forming scarcely more than 13 \)vr cent of tlu^ whole. In tropical oountrit's a verv ditferent proportion obtains, the II onioptera holding, or nearly holding, their own beside the ne(eroptera, and subtropical countries or those which feel the <lirect inHuence of their proximity show an inter- mediate position; thus in Herg's Enumeration of the Argentine Ilemiptera the proportion of the Ilomoptera to the whole is almost exactly 30 percent Now, it is precisely this |)ro])ortion, 4():!)3, or 30 percent, which Ileerfolind. the fossil Ilomoptera tu hold in his <'r.sr e.ssav on the fossil Ilemiptera of Oeningen and Ixadoboj. \ can^ful emiineration of tht; fossil Ilemiptera of Europe to-day gives tlie Ilomoptera 34 ])er tent of the whole fauna ; but, if those from tli(f amber (wliich gri'atly heighten the proportion of Ilomoptera) be excluded and we reckon those of the rocks only, the IIoni«»pterahave 27 per cent. < )n the other li.md, it" w(i take only the fauna of the Oligocene of Euroja;, incliuling the andjer, the proportion of the Ilomoptera amounts to 41 j)er cent. 'his clearly indicatt's an approach to tropical relations. Our ow)i Tertiary i'auna is almost exclusive!)- ( )lig(<cene, and has been found in a
'iin
HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTEKA.
239
multitude of minor points to sliow distinct tropical relations, and it therefore becomes of peculiar interest to learn the numerical relation herein of the Momoptera to the Heteroptera. Now here, much as in the Oligocene of Europe, we find the llomoptera claiming- 40 per cent of the whole hemip- terous fauna. The significance of these figures can hardly be doubted.
The number of Tertiary Hemiptera of the whole world is now to be reckoned at 50!), of which .'{55 are Heteroptera and 214 llomoptera. The abundance of Hemiptera in our Western Tertiaries maj- perha|)s fairly be pictured when we remember that I leer in his first elal)oraiion of those found in the rocks of Europe einimerated 13.-}, and that in the present work, the first elaboration of those of America, the number is almost exactly double,
2t;5.
In studying this group I have been greatly aided by many kind favors from my friends, Mr. P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore, and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo.
Order HOMOPTERA Latreille.
The variety of forms referable to the families of Homoptera that have been found in tluj American rocks is not a little surprising, and it includes some remarkable forms. All the families are represented excepting the Stridulai^.tia, and this exception is the mon* noticeable because the presence of this family has been signalized in several instances in the Euro])ean Ter- tiary rocks, ani species believed to biilong here have even been found in the Mesozoic deposits. Yet two families, Coccidie and Psyllidse, occur with us, and have not yet been .ound in European rocks, tliongh Coccidn are known from the Baltic amber. In all we find .epresented six families, thir- teen subfamilies, fifty-five genera, and one hundred and twelve species in the foiu" hundred speciniens that have been examined.
The families Coccidse and Psyllid;e, however, are very feebly lopre- sented by a few examples only, the great bulk of the fossils both in Eu- rope and America belonging to the four families, Aphides, Fulgorina, Jassides, and Cercopidic ; in each of these, with the possible exception of the Jassides, the variety and abundance of forn)s is greater in America than in Europe, even including the types from amber, while a comparison of the rock deposits alone would show a vast jn-eponderance on the American side. In individuais the Cercopidio easily hold the first rank, and this appears to be true in Europe as in America; next, follow tliH Aphides, for which in variety of type and in interest America far excels. The Jassides appear to
240
TKRTIARY INSECTS OF NOJlTll AMEttlCA.
present relatively the least interest, but the absen'je from American deposits of one whole division of that family, the Mombracida, is rather surprising in view of their presence (though rarely) in European deposits and their relative abundance in America to-day.
The following tabular enumeration of the species and genera occurring in the European and American Tertiaries may serve to present in a clearer light the agreements ami disparities between them. The American list is drawn from the description.'^ in the present work, while the European is from miscellaneous sources, and includes all- tiiose genera and species which have been merely indivatcd as occurring in certain deposits, and so it might fairly be ('ousiderably reduced. It should not be overlooked, moreover, that it includes all the amber forms :
Summari/ litl of kMown foatil llomoptera.
KnniilieM.
Ciiciidii'
.\plli(lrN
I'HVlliilii- '
l''ul);()rinit
' .f ll»Hicl<!H [
('t'rco|iulii'
I Stridiilniitiit
I
Total
|
Aiiici'u |
a. |
Kiiroiie, (ii'iifia. S|(( |
|
|
(ii'lliTil. S |
ircirs. |
fifM. |
|
|
t 1.^ |
1 |
t; 1 |
•J(» |
|
'-* |
2 |
(1 |
() |
|
w |
iW |
7 |
18 |
|
ll |
at |
It |
•M |
|
1" |
a- |
4 |
a4 |
|
0 |
0 |
1 |
t 102 |
|
r>5 |
m i |
''l |
If W(! exclude the amber forms and compare the fauna of the rocks only, we shall reach a very different result, as the following table shows :
Tnhle of/ofiil Homopttiii from rock rfr;>ii«i/«.
America.
Km rope.
Kiiiiiilii's.
.Ui'iirru. SpccieH. Genera
I S|H)cies.;
t'ocriil:!'
Apliiili'H
j I'nylliihr .... I FiilK«riiia ... i JuHNiilcs
Or<'o|(i<lii'. ..
Striiliilaiitia.
Total ..
|
I |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
ir. |
:ta |
:i , |
8 |
|
a |
a |
"1 |
0 |
|
i(> |
an |
:t |
3 |
|
11 |
ai |
H |
18 |
|
10 |
•n |
1 |
ai |
|
u |
0 |
1 |
<; |
iia
VJ
an
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— COCCID^.
241
This table shows clearly how poorly the Aphides and Fulgorina are preserved in the European as compared with the American rocks.
It has been necessary to establish a large number of new generic groups to contain the American forms, which perhaps would not have been the case to the same extent had a really good selection of existing tropical American types been accessible ; for the affinities of nearly the whole homoj)terous fauna of our Tertiaries are plainly subtropical. It is curious to see how highly developed some apparently extinct types were in that day ; the family groups were quite as trenchant ;is now, and while we find in some, as in Aphides, marked departures from modern structure, it in no wsiy appears to affect the family characters or to mark any approach toward the neighboring groups. Some genera now apparently extinct seem to have attained a high degree of differentiation, as witness Aphidopsis among the Aphides, Dia- plegma among the Fulgorina, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes among the Cercopida?; of all of these tlure were several species, and more than occur in any other generic group excepting Agallia among the Jassides, which is equal to the least prolific of them. As a general rule it is also in just these genera that the individuals are the most abundant, notably among the Cercopidaj, which as a family is almost twice as numerous as all the others together, though the least among these larger families well provided with generic distinctions ; for the three genera, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes, with their fifteen species, not only O'ltnumber in specific types the other seven genera of Cercopidiu (twelve species), but they contain more than nine-tenths of the individuals of this family which have passed under my eyes.
Family COCCID^^:.
The only fossils of this group hitherto known are some that occur in amber. Three species referred to Monophlobus were described and figured by Germar, and Monge has since added short descriptions of half a dozen species referred to Aleurodes, Coccus (2), Dorthesia, and the extinct genera Ochyrocoris and Polyclona. To these we are able to add a single species from Florissant.
MONOPHLEBUS Leach.
This is an Old World genus which has never been detected living in America. The species are largely from tropical regions, but a single one is recognized from Europe. On this account there is special interest in the
VOL XIII 16
242
TEBTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEBIOA.
occurrence of three species of this group in Prussian amber, described by Germar in Koch and Berendt's great work, and it is still more interesting to find a species apparently belonging to this genus from the shales of Flor- issant, Colorado.
MONOPHIiEBUS SIMPLEX.
The sin^rle specimen referred to this genuH agrees better with the fossil than with recent types. It is a fairly well preserved body, with the dorsal surface uppermost, but slightly turned to one side; the wings partially expanded, and all the legs of one side showing excepting the tarsi ; unfortu- nately no antennic are preserved. The head is small and subcircular ; the thorax large, subquadrate, tapering abruptly in front to the width of the head, which is hardly more than half the width of the thorax. Wings of the shape of those of M. pinnatus from amber, about three times as long as broad, well rounded, showing with distinctness only the subcostal vein which runs from near the base toward the costa, on approaching which it follows the thickened margin almost exactly parallel to it to the extreme tip of the wing, much as is seen to be the case in M. pinnatus, though here separated more widely from the shoulder of the wing at its base ; besides these there are only visible the ba.se of the median vein from wliich the sub- costal takes its rise, running but an extremely short distance into the heart of the wing, and a mere spur of the lower vein which arises barely before the 8ubco.stal and runs into the heart of the wing a less distance than does the oblique basal part of the subcostal. The legs are subequal in lengtli ; the tibiic a little longer than the femora and scarcely slenderer ; all are .slight. The abdomen is long oval, well rounded behind, and (tonipoxed distinctly of nine joints, of which the penultimate is very slight l)ut the pre- ceding ones subequal, with no signs of any lateral or terminal appendages.
Length of body, 3.2.V'""; breadth of same, 1"""; length of wing, 2.5™"'; breadth, 0.8""" ; length of hind femora, 0.7""" ; hind tibiaj, 0.75"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7561.
Family APHIDES Leach.
One would hardly suppose that objects of such extreme delicacy and minute size aa plant lice would be found in a fossil state. Yet they are by no means infrequent, and have even been found in the Secondary deposits of England ; for in Urodie's work two objects which appear to be wingless
HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES.
243
forms are figured, and besides these another winged plant louse of a diminu- tive size, showing the characteristic venation of the group. In the Ter- tiary rocks a considerable number of species have been found; most of these have been referred to Aphis (twelve species) and Lachnus (eight), and so belong, like the bulk of living species, to the subfamily Aphidinae ; but the Pemphigina) are represented by a Pemphigus from Oeningen and the Schizoneurina3 by a Schizoneura from amber. Besides occurring in these localities they have also been found at Radoboj, Aix, and Ain, in Europe, and we can now add several localities in our own country. That they are not scarce in amber is sliown by Menge's collection, which in 1856 included fifty-six specimens. But these are few compared with the number from Florissant, where more than one hundred specimens have been found, about seventy of them determinable, though in the other American localities — Green River and Quesnel, British Columbia — only two or three specimens have occurred. Indeed, by the present publication the number of known fossil species is doubled.
There are some remarkable features about the Florissant forms. The mass of them belong, as is the case with those from the European Tertiary rocks, to the AphidinsB proper. But both here and in the Schizoneurinaj, to which the remainder appertain, we are met by two remarkable facts, one that the variation in the neuration of the wings is very much greater than occurs amonj; ne geneia of living Aphidinaj and Schizoneurina;, and greiiter also than occurs in the known Tertiary forms of E»u'ope, requiring the establish n^ent of a large number of genera to represent this variation ; and, second, that at the same time there is one feature of their neuration in which, without an exception, they uniformly agree, and differ not only from the modern types but from the European Tertiary insects. This fea- ture is the great length and slenderness of the stigmatic cell, due to the removal of the base of tlie stigmatic vein to the middle (or to before the middle, sometimes even to the base) of the long and slender stigma, and its slight cur -ature; it is a fact of particular interest in this connection that in the only wing we know from the Secondary rocks precisely this feature occurs, as illustrated in Brodie's work (see PI. 4, Fig. 3). So, too, the cubital space is largely coriaceous, so that the postcostal vein may be considered as exceedingly broad and merging eventually, without the intervening lack of opacity, into the stigma proper. As a general rule the wings are also very long and narrow and the legs exceedingly long. In all these charac-
m
244 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
teristies the American plant lice appear as a rule to differ from forms so far described from the European Tertiaries. The single winged species figured by Berendt from amber, however, shows precisely this (character as far as the length of the stigmatic cell is concerned, which is about two-fifths the length of the wing. These figures are incorrectly coj)ied by Buckton, with the remark that the neuration is abnormal, which it certainly is in his figure. It will be interesting to know whether the other species of the Baltic amber will show a similar departure from the condition of the stigmatic cell in modern types. Not a single one of the Florissant forms can be referred to an existing genus.
Table of the genera of Aphide». Cubital vein twice forked AphidinR.
Cubital vein arisinn ivt lesH than lialf tlio (listanco fro n tlm first oblique to the Htifrniatie vein.
Stigmatic vein arinini; niitlwny between the firnt and Heconil forkn of the cubital vein or dis- tinctly nearer the Hecoiid fork. Origin of the Htijjiiiatio vein midway lietween the \\y*\ and second forksof the cubital vein.
Apex of cell about three times a» broad as its base 1. t'atanenra.
Apex of cell about six tiinoN as broad as its base 2. Archilachniiit.
Origin of the Rti|;nuitic vein scarcely or not before that of the second fork of the cubital vein. RaHe of secorul oblii|ue vein several times nearer the first oblique than the cubital
vein ;!. Oeranchum.
Hase of the second nblif|ue vein midway between the first oblique and the cubital
vein 4. SbenapHi.
The stigmatic vein arising opposite the lirst fork of the cubital vein or distinctly nearer it than the second. First cubital branch nearly or quite four times us long as the basal stem of the cubital
vein r>. Aplianlajtliit.
First cubital branch at most three times as long as the basal stem of the cubital vein. First olilii|ue vein parting from the main vein at an angle of less than .">">■'.
fi. Siphonophoroidet. First olilique vein parting from the main vein at an angle of nu)re than 7(1".
7. lAthaphii. Cubital vein arising at half or more than half the distance from the first oblicine vein to the stig- nuitic vein.
Main veins arising at nearly ecpial distances apart M. Tephraphi».
Main veins arising at distinctly iine(|nal distances apart.
4Se<ond (d)lique vein at base rarely so much as twice as near the first ol)lique as the cubit.il
vein It. Aphidopoin.
Seconil obli([ne vein at liasc four times as near the tirst oUli(|ue as t'le cubital vein.
The first oblique vein straight, not twn-lhirds as l.iiig as the 'lecoud olilique vein, and
considerably divergent fniiu it 10. Ori/(?f«p/ii».
First iibli<|uit vein curvi'd outward, nearly as lout; as the second oblique vein, ami
hardly divergent fror- it 11. Sychnobrodiu^.
Cnbitd vein once forked SciliKonriirillffi.
Cubital vein arising at more than half the distance from the first oblique vein to the stigmatic
vein 12. Svhizoiieuroidei.
Cubital vein arising at less than half the distance fnun the lirst obliipie vein to thesligmalic vein.
("ubital vein forking beyond the base of the stigma tii; V4'in l;l. Amalanchum.
Cubital vein forkuig before the liasi' of th<) stigmatic vein.
Uase of si'cond (lis<<>iilal cell less than three times the width of that of the first.
14. Aiiconotut. Basi' of second discoidal cell more than five times the width of that of the first.
ir>. Pteroitigma.
HEMIPTEKA— UOMOPTERA— APUIDES.
245
1. CATANEURA gen. nov. (jcard, vevpoi).
Head very small, iippareiitly destitute of frontal tul)ereles. Antennae unknown. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of the space betweeri the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time about as far beyond the origin of the stigmatic as that is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. The second oblique vein arises a little nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, the first at a slightly less angle, the first discoidal cell between them about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately slender, the hind femora about half as long as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate, apparently with a short and stout cauda.
Table of the species of Cataneiira.
FirHt discoidul coil more transvoran tlian longitudinal; cubital vein very distant from the stigmatic, apiiroucbiDg the secoud obliiiiiu vuin 1. C. absens.
FirHt diHcoidal cell aH lougitiidiiial an transverse; unbital ''ein apitroximatiag the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein 2. C. riltyi.
1. Cataneura absens.
The single specimen shows little beside the wings folded flatly over the back, but the head and thorax and one of the femora are also preserved. The fore wing is about three times as long as broad. The first oblique vein is straight and very long, parting at the postcostal at an angle of about thirty-five degrees ; second oblique vein slightly sinuous, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty-five degrees ; the first discoidal cell between them very long consilering that it is more transver.se than longi- tudinal, the base moderately narrow, the apex, as measured on the hind margin, about three times as broad as the base. Cubital vein taking an exceptionally low course, so as to be very distant from the stigmatic vein throughout, first forking half-way to the hind border, then bent outward. Stigmatic vein arcuate and divergent at base.
Length of body, 4""" ; of fore wing, 6.5""°.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 607.
2. Cataneura rileyi.
The head with part of the antennaj, the thorax with most of the legs and one wing, and, obscurely, the abdomen are preserved in the single example known. The fore wing is about three and a half times longer than
246
TERXrAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERIOA.
m
broad. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at scarcely more than forty five degrees, and the S(»cond oblique, which is also straight, at as little less, the first discoidal cell being, nevertheless, only moderately long and narrow, and more than three times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein broadly arcuate, occupying the middle of the space assigned to it, first forking at scarcely more than a third way to the hind margin and again at less than half-way to the tip. Stigmatic vein parting very narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is very slender and nearly or quite a third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 4'""' ; of fore wing, 6""".
Named for Dr. Charles Valentine Riley, whose researches on the grape root aphid. Phylloxera, to mention only this, are widely known.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2916.
2 ARCHTLACHNUS Buckton.
Jrohilachnu* Biickt., Monoi;r. Brit. ApbideH, IV, 177(1883).
The head appesirs to be without frontal tubercles, and the antennae are slender, almost as long as the body (perhaps longer), with the basal joints as in Aphis. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a moderate distance from its origin, wliich is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time as far beyctnd the origin of the stigmatic as it is beyond the first fork of the cibital vein. Second oblique vein arising a little nearer the first obli(jue than the cubital vein, at an angle of about forty-five degrees with the post- costal, the first at a distinctly less angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is about six times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately stout, the hind pair about as long as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate with a short and moderately stout cauda.
The genus was not .separately characterized by Buckton. I do not see any special relation to Lachnus.
Table of the itpfciet of Archilachnuf.
Lurf;i> and stout HpncioH. Cnliitnl vt'iii bnit at its firnt fiiri;nti»n, othprwi«<> i«trftl(lht.. .1. A. pennntiii. Suiall und Hieudur Hpuuioa. Cubitul vuiii guutly uicuatu tbruugtiuul tliu Ur8t twu-thirdH of 'n» uoiiinu.
a. A. mudgei.
HEMIPTEBA—HOMOPTEBA— APHIDES.
247
.
1. Archilachnus pennatub.
PI. 18, Figs. 1, 15-17.
Archilachnut penmtui Bnckt., MoiiuKr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177, PI. 133, Fig. 3 (1883).
As preserved, the head and thorax are uniform and fonsiderably darker than the abdomen. Tlie body is stout. Fore wing more than two and a half times longer than broad, with the postcostal vein thick, straight, and uniform, running into the very long and fusiform stigma, and separated by a narrow space from the margin, which is gently convex, and so a little more distant at base. First oblique vein arising at one-third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, straight, parting from the post- costal at an angle of about sixty degrees ; second oblique vein arising very close to the first, straight, or very slightly sinuate or arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty- five degrees ; first discoidal cell much widened distally, being five or six times broader on the hind margin than at base. Cubital vein arising twice as far from the second as the second from the first oblique vein, with its first branch completely parallel to the second oblique vein, first forking at a trifle more than one-third the way out, and again about half-way from the first fork to the apex of the wing, varying in individuals, at the first fork bent slightly but beyond almost jjerfectly straight. The stigmatic vein is arcuate and parts sometimes widely, sometimes narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is of variable slenderness, though always more than a third as long as the wing.
Length of body, 4""" ; of fore wing, 6.6""' ; hind femora, 2.5""" ; hind tibiaj, 3.75™".
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 177, 4615, 6993, 9221, 12727.
2. Archilachnus mudoei.
The single specimen ii? 3xcellently preserved on a dorsal view, except that the overlapping fore wings are somewhat confused, lying upon the top of the back, and that one wing is doubled upon itself. The body is rather slender, the head and thorax darker than the scarcely perceptible abdomen and apparently mottled. Fore wings with the postcostal vein and stigma as in A. pennatus, the first oblique vein arising at a little more than one- third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, but other- wise like the second oblique vein, as in A. pennatus ; the first discoidal cell
h\
TEKTIAKY IN8KCT8 OF NORTH VMKUICA.
18 imicli more open, hut how much the (condition of tlie Hpeciiiioii doeH not show. Cul)ital vein unking' Hnireely farther from tlie Hecond oljlicjur vein tlian tlie hitter i» from the tirHt, forkin<r much im in tlie prece<liii^ speciex, hut passiiijjf ill a gently arcuate course midway in the space allotted to it. 'I'lie Htigmatic vein parts gently with a consii'jrahle arciiation, hut not very widely, from the stigma, the cell heinjf apparently abt)ut one-third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 3.5"""; fore win}?, 4.75"""; hind femora, 2.4"""; hind tibia and tarsi, 4.6"'"'.
In memory of Benjamin Franklin Mudgo, the Kansas geologist and paleontologist.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 13328.
3. GEUANCnON gen. nov. (yepato?, dyncoy).
Wings only known. Fore wing with the stigniatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of iho spaiie between the base of the first obliciue and the stigniatic veins, the second time scarcely behind the base of the stigniatic vein. Second obliiiue vein arising many times nearer the first obliipie than the cubital vein and dose to the former, the first discoiilal cell between them about ten times broader on the hind margin than at the base.
Table <f the speciea of Geranehon.
Ciiliitul vein runiiiii){ coiDtidcrHbly bttlotv tin- iiiiilillc iit'ittt urea, ilH briiui'hcHbtniigbt .. ..1, U. ditvitii. Cubital vi-iu riiuiiiiig thnuigh tliv uiiddlu uf it^ ureu, iU briiiK^lit-M uiuuato 2. (;. iielrorum,
1. GeKANCHON DAV18II.
Only the wing is preserved and the ba.se is broken, but it may be judged to have been fully three times as long as broad. The po.stco8tal vein is very broad and straight, nutrgiiig into the slightly thickened fusiform stigma ; next the base it is rather far removed from tlu; costal margin. The first oblique vein parts at an angle of about sixty degrees witii the postcostal and is straight; the second at an angle of forty-five degrees and is straiglit nearly to the tip, which is lost but appears to bend outward, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them, very narrow at base and broadening at tip, is ex- cessively different in width at its two extremities. Cubii vein faint at its
I
HEMIPTEKA— IIOMOI'TKKA— AIMllDHa.
249
origin, but apparently arising four tinieH nn far from the second obli({uo hh the Hecoiul from the HrHt; it forks at Houiewliat leHH than half-way to the hind border and runs by a series of bends at a long distance below the middle of its area, forking a sucorid time nearly as far from the first as the first from its root. The stigmatic vein is arcuate and diverges rather widely from the stigma, but the length of the stigmatic cell car> not be determined,
licngth of fragment, 3..')"'"'; probable length of wing 4.4"""; breadth, 1.4""".
Named for Prof William Morris Davis, of Harvard College.
Florissant. One specimen, Nu. 140r)3.
2. (IeRANCHON PKTROHIIM.
PI. 2, Fig. «.
Laohntu petrorum SouAi., Rep. Ptogr. Ouol. 8iirv. Cuii., ld75-'7<!, '279(1877).
A fragment of a wing is sufficiently preserved to show that it should be referred here, while the exact position of the veins is different from tliat of the other species. The wing is unusually slender ; the postcostal vein thick- ens apically us it merges in the stigma; the first oblicpie vein is straight; the second originates very close to the first, runs parallel to it only at the very base, and then bends pretty strongly outward, striking the margin of the wing nearly as far from the tip of the first obli(pie vein as half its own length ; the origin of the cubital vein is not clear, but it is ajjparently not far out, in which case it runs parallel with the secorul oblicjue vein until it branches in the middle of the wing; the lower of these branches almost re- tains the course of the basal part of the veins, but diverges slightly from the second oblique vein, terminating very far from it on the border of the wing ; the main stem, diverging from the first l)ranch rather widely at first, almost at once runs parallel to the lower branch, and when it has continued a less distance than the main vein before its furcation, divides, the two forks di- verging but sligiitly at base, aad then very ^.'•radually converging until they are no farther apart than the bases of the first and second oblitiuo veins, and the upper fork almost touches the stigmatic vein (probably by some dis- placement) ; together they diverge a little from the lower branch of the (•ubital vein ; the stigmatic vein is very conspicuous, passing by a broad sweep into the heart of the wing, diverging from the stigma at a greater
i!
250
TEUTIAKY INSKCTa OF NORTH AMRKICA.
i!
i
ti
uujflo than does tho Hecornl oblique ; uiitortiinately tlie tip of the wing in broken, and more tlian the a|)ical halt' of the outer border {h also wantiuf^.
Len^rth of frnjfuient, 4"""; oHtinuited length of wing, 6'""'; width of Hanie, l.«f)""".
(^uesnel, liritiHh Columbia. Dr. G. M. Duwaon. One specimen, Nu. 19.
4. SHKNAIMIIS gen. nov. {afiivwui, Aphin).
Head without frontal tubercle», tho front transverse. Anteinia> very slender, at least nearly as long as the body. Fore wings with the stig- matie vein arising from the middle of the stign)a. Cubital vein twice fork(*<l, the tirst time at a moderate distance from its origin, which is at or a triHe outside the middle of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time opposite or scarcely beyond the base of the stigmatic vein. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first obli(|ue than the cni)ital vein but at varying relative distances, always close to the first obli(|ue vein, tho first discoidal cell between them being four or five times broader on tho hind margin than at base. Legs slender, varying in length but shorter than the fore wings. Abdomen ovale. Some specimens seem to show a .short stout Cauda, which others appear to lack, and occasionally short curniclos may be 'iotected which are apparently of uniform diameter.
Table of the tpecim of Sbenapkii.
Second oblique vein nriilng niiilway, or ii)>uiit iiii(lwit)',b()tw<>i > !iu lifHt obli(|iie and cubital velhH.
1. 5. quetneU. Second obli(|ii« vriii itriiiiDK much nearer tho tinit obliqnu than the cubital vein.
Hhim) of HiM-ond diM'oidal ri-ll twicu un w'ulu oh tliut of the llrHt; cubital vein riinninj; barely nearer
tht< Htiftnintic than thti second obli(|ne v»in 'i. S. uhleri.
Baiieof Hecond diHcoidal cell nearly thrice aH wide aa that of the llrHt; cubital vein running very much closer to the HtiKinatio t jau to the tiecond obliiine vein li, S. lania.
SbENAPHIS ylJESNELI. PI. 2, Figs. 4, 6; PI. 18, Pig. 12.
iMchnut iiueiineli Suudd., Kiip. Progr. Qeol. 8urv. Can., l87tl-'77, 461-462 (l»78).
The original description, with certain omissions and changes to corre- spond with the phraseology here employed, was as follows:
The remains which are preserved are a ])air of overlapping front wings with torn edges, but with all the imjKjrtant parts of the neuration, and some of tho veins of the hind wings. The body is completely crushed and all
HBiMIPTEKA-IIOMOPTKRA— AIMIIDKS.
251
other mornl)erH iiro abHuut. The partH wliic-li can bo Htiidioil are than v«ry Miinilar to thotto found in O^uranchon potroruni, duscribod above, i'roni tlio Hanio bod. Owinj^ to thu alMuiuto of tbo inar<{in, the Hhape of tlie winjf (;ati not be determined The porttuoHtal vein iH thick throughout, but broadens apioally ; the first anil nacond ol)lique veinn are botli perfectly ntraifflit, ori^finutiuff scarcely fiirtlior apart tliun the wiilth of the poHt( -.ostal vein and diver^finjif considerably. From the position in whiish the \vin;;s are preserved (one front wiji<f almost exactly coverinjj the other, and the iwo inclosin<^ between them both hind win^u, also almost exactly superimposed) the first and sec^ond discoidal veins of the two front vvinjfs and the two obliipie veins of each hind win;f form a medley of almost conHuent lines, so that it is a little ditHciilt to determine to which of tl;e four win;;s and to what part of that wing each of the eight veins belongs ; regarding the veins of the hind wings there may, therefore, be some error in the statement to be made, but there can be little doubt of the position and relation of the veins of the front wing, which a|)pears to lie uppermost. The cubital vein originates at a dis- tance beyond the base of the second oblicpie barely greater than tha distance at which the latter is placed from the first ; it makes an angle with the post- costal vein of loss than forty-five degrees ; is nowhere in tiie least degree simious, but is l)ent very slightly forward at each forking, rather more at its first than at its second ; sends off its first branch at slightly less than a millimetor from its base ; forms with it an angle of twenty-five degrees, and at an ecjual distance farther on emits its second branch at a similar or slightly smaller angle; both the branches are perfectly straight, and the upj)er branch of the last fork lies midway between the lower branch and the stiginatic vein ; the latter is similar to that of G. petrorum from the same beds, but is not so strongly curved ; the first branch of the cubital vein also divides e(|ually the space between the second oblique and the lower branch of the last fork of the cubital vein. The oblique veins of the hind wing originate at no greater distance apart than the first and second oblique veins of the front wings, are a little less divergent than they, and equally straight.
Length of fragment of wing, 5"""; its probable complete length, 6'"'"; breadth of same, 1.3.5"™; distance from base of front wing to the origin of the stigmatic vein, 4.1""".
To this may be added, from specimens obtained at Florissant, that the body is stout and plump and the hind femora as long as the breadth
252
TERTIAllY INSEOTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
of the thorax. In one apeciineii the abdomen i.s narrower tliaa, in another broader tiian, in a third of the .same width as, the tiiorax. ']'iie fir.st ol)li(|iie vein makes an angle with the postcostal of about tifty-tive de<^ree.s iind i.s .straight; the .second (me of forty-five degree.s and i.s sometimes straigiit, souietiaies .-.rcuate, and the ba.se of the first discoidal cell being very narrow it is about four or five times broader on the hind margin than there.
Length of l)ody, 2. 75-4""" j of fore wing, :)J)-i').b""", the last partly estimated.
i^'uesutd, Hritish Columbia. Dr. G. M. Dawson. One specimen. No. 34". K'loris.^.i;if, Colorado. Tl'iee specimens, Nos. 2234, 3577, 921)9.
2. Sbenaphis uhlebi.
Body large, stout, the head and thor.ix darker than the abdomen, which is broiider than they. Wings three times as long as broad, the postcostal straight, thickened uniformly, and running into the very long and consider- ably fusiform .stigma. First oblique vein straight, .set atnu angle of fifty- five degrees with the postcosti.l; the .second obli(pie vein sinuous, placed at an angle of forty-five degrees with the postcostal ; the two veins moderately close only at base, so that tlie first discoidal cell is four or five times broader on the hind margin. Cubital vein faint at ba.se l)Ut originating al)out twice as far from the .second oblique ve'u as that from the first, arcuate on its basal half, straight and longitudinal on itsaj)ical, occupying with its branches the middle of its allotted space, first forking nt le.ss than one-third the dis- tance *'^ the hind margin, again opposite the base of the stigmatic vein and less than half-way from its own first fork to the aj)ex of the wing; in its passage it approaches the stigmatic only a little more closely than the second oblicpie vein. Stigmatic vein pa»'ting very .slightly and gradually from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is very narrow and al)out one-third tlie length of the wing.
Length of Ix.dy, 4.7.')""" ; of fore wing, 6.75™"' : breadtli of same, 2.2.'^""".
Dedicated to my good friend, Mr. Philip U. L'hler, without wiiose faiihfid and disinterested work the student of American llemiptera wtjidd be sadly at a loss.
Floris.sant. Two specimens, Nos. 2327, 11202.
HEMIPTEKA—HOMOPTBBA— APHIDES.
253
«
3. SbENAPHIS LAS8A.
This siuall species is repv'.,v;:)ted by a single individual, with nearly all the liM^s preserved in an unusual manner, but the wings not so completely. Tlic! body is black throughout, the hind femora longer than the abdomen, tiie hind til)ia' as long as the body. The wings have the postcostal vein' and stigma precisely as in the last species. The first oblicjue v ui iii^rraight or at the tip slightly arcuate, parting from the postco.stal at an 'igio cfabout lit'ty degrees, the second obli(|ue vein distinctly arcuate on iu, '>ui' al half, l)artiiig from the postcostal.it an angle of forty-five degrees, and separated froii; the first by a slightly wider interval than in the other species described ; the first discoidal cell is about four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein, arising nearlj' three times as far from the second obli(pio vein as the latter is ^rom the first, tiikcs a course above the middle of the ai'ea left to it, approaching very close to the stigmatic vein ; it forks first about (puirter-way to the hind margin and again about opjjosite the stigmatic vein, wl ich, with the stigmatic cell, is as in S. uhleri.
Length of body, 3.25"""; fore wing, 5.5"'"'; fore femora, 1.15'""' ; fore tiliia', 1.7"'"'; middle femora, 1.4"""; middle tibiic, 2.;J""" ; hind femora, 2"'"'; hind tibia", 3.25'""'.
Florssant. One specimen, No. 12994.
5. Al'IIANTAPlIIS gen. nov. {acpayro?, Aphis).
Head without frontal tubercles, the antenuie being inserted in sub- lateral pits; they are longer than the fore wings, very slender indeed, the third joint very Ion};. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middP- '»f' an exceedmgly slender and tapering stigma, the stigmatic cell nearly half f)M> length of the wing. Culntal vein twice forked, the, fir.st time at a veiT slighl distance from its origin, which is scarcely before the middle of tlie sf/we befwc^'U \ho first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time lialf way thence to tlw tip of the wing. Second oblitpie vein arising slightly nearer tlie cuUtal than the iirst obliipie vein, the first so near the base of the wing as to lw> very .siK>rt, and the first discoidal cell between them only about twice as wid( at tlw^ hitid margin as at base. Legs long and slender, the hind tibia' and tarsi marly efpialing the length of the wings.
A single species is known.
254
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
ApHANTAPHIS EX8UCA.
The fore wing, whicli is exceptionally preserved, is long oval, almost three times as long as bro.id ; the postcostal and all the space between it and the costal margin filled with pigment, so as to be exceptionally broad, taper- ing until it expands again into the long fusit'orm stigma. First ohliiiue vein very close to the base, short, straight, j)arting from the j)ostcosfal af an angle of at least seventy degrees, not twice as h)ng as the lireadth of the base of the first discoidal cell ; second oblique vein arising far from tiu; first at a.i angle of fifty degrees, straight until near the tip, where it bends considerably to meet the margin, lO that the first discoidal cell is hardly more than twice as broad on the liiri 1 margin as at the base. Cubital vein feeble, but uniform throughout; hardly so far removed from the second obliijue vein at its oiigin as that from the first, first forkimg hardly one-sixth way to the hind margin, again fully half-way to the tip of the wing, running slightly nearer the stigmatic tiian the second oblique vein. Stigmati(^ vein arising opposite a point about one-third the distance frooi the first to the second forking of the cubital vein or less, far l)efore t\u- middle of tiie stigma, having a broad sweep, so that the stigmatic cell, rhough not narrow, is four-ninths the length of the wing.
Length of fore wing, 4 5™"' ; i)readth nai" same, 1.6""" ; length of antennas 6"""; hind tibije and tarsi, 4""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1215.
I
6. SIPHONOPHOROIDES Buckton.
SiphonophoroideK (parH) Buckton, Monogr. Urit. Apliidi-H, IV, 17(i (18SH).
AntennsE inserted on distinct and prominent frontal tubercles, the first two joints forming together a stout, sulxonical mass more than twice as long as broad; the remainder of the ;i tuna' slender, filiform, nuu'h longer than tlie body, as long as the fore wingw, all the joints and especially the third excessiveh' long. Fore wings with tlie stigmatic vein arising from the middle of tlie very long and slender fusiform stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time tolerably far from its origin, which is usually at about one-third the di.stanc(! from the ba.se of the first o!»li(pie to ihat of the stig- matic vein, the second time about as far again beyond the stigmatic vein as that is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. Second oblique vein aris-
HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES.
255
i
ing somewhat but not greatly nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, the tirst at a considerably wider angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is from three or four to six or eight times as broad on the hind marjrin as at the base. Legs slender, the hind femora half as long as the fore wings. Abdomen ovate, rather broad, well rounded apically, with very short and stout cornicles in at least one species, but no cauda.
Buckton gave no characteristics of his genus apart from the specific description ; his supposition that the abdomen was pointed was due to his taking the faiut signs of the first oblique veins as the sides of the abdomen in the figure wiiich formed the basis of his determination.
Table of the species of Siphoiiophoroidet.
Second oblique vein parting from Mii> postcostal ut an angle of forty-Are degrees 1. S. antiqua.
Second oblique vein parting from the pnitoostul at an angle of ttitrty-llve degrees.
FirHt braneli of cubital vein distant from tlie second obliqne vein
First branch of cubital vein closely approximated to the second oblique vein ...
2. S. rttfinetquei. ...3. S. propinqua.
SiPHONOPHOBOIDES ANTIQUA.
PI. 18, Figs. 3, 5, 7, 10.
Siphonophoroidet anliqua Buckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176, PI. i;<3, Fig. 1 (1883).
This is far the most common of the Florissant Aphides, and many of the specimens are very fairly preserved, f hey are uniformly dark colored, or the abdomen may be a little paler or more obscure than the rest of the body. The wings are pretty slender, fully three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is moderately thick, uniform, and running without break into the very long fusiform stigma ; it is separated by a moderately widt "<1 regularly decreasing space from the costal margin. The first ol)li(|Ue vein is sti'aight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fully sixty degrees : the second i>bli(|ue is .straight in its basal half, arcuate or sinuate bevoiid, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty-five degrees at ;i mmierate distance from the first ol)liqne vein, the first discoidal cell between tlm-in heiii"- about t tin- times as broad on the hind margin as at the l)a.se. Cal)ital ^.'\n arising farther, generally abuuit half as far again, sometimes ahnnst twire as far, from the second oblicpie as that from the fii'st obliqii*' v MM. ver\ longitudinal in course, first forking at about two- firttiis tlie distaiit-e r»» the hind mar<;in and ajjain at about half-wav between the first forking and the tip of the wing, mnning about twice as near the stigmatic as the second oblique vein. Stigiua*ic vein arising nearer the first
256
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
tliiiii the second fork of the cubital, sometimes to a considerable dejjree arcuate at base but beyond horizontal, so that the stigmatic cell is both long and slender, from a third to two-fifths the length of the wing. Hind legs about as long as the antenniu.
Length of body, 4"""; fore wing, 5-6"'"'; breadth of same, l.r)-2"""; length of aiiteiuue, .')..')""" ; legs of one individual as follows : fore femora 1.5"'"'; fore tibijv and tarsi, 2.25'"'" ; middle femora, 1.25'""'; middle tibia; and tarsi, 2.15""": hind femora, 2. 25"""; hind tibijv and tarsi, .'}""".
Florissant. Fifteen .specimens, Nos. 1()7!>, 133!), 18fi7, 2390, 2881, 3029, 5747, 7!»34, SS,Si>, !»574, 10205, 11562, 13562, 144.50, and, from the Princeton CoHection. 1.986. Besides tlie.se, Nos. 1703, 3284, and 5491 from Florissant, should probably be referred here.
2. Siphonophokoides kafinesqiiei.
The greater part of the creature, t'xcej^ting the abdomen, is preserved m the single specimen obtained. Th-e antenna; are nearly as long as the hind legs and consi(lorabl\ longer than the wings. The wings are very .slender, fullv four tinu's longer than broad. The postcostal except at base is striiight, .slender, and runs uninterruptedly into the exceptionally slender fusiform stigma. The tirst t)bli<}Upf- vein is strai^rht, or slightly arcuate, and parts from the postco.stal at an amgle M' nearly sixty degrees ; the second oblique vein is also straight or sligriitly arcuate, is moderately distant at base from the finst oblicpie, an(i parts from the })ostco*R,al at an angle of forty-live degrees, so that tlie first disi^oidal (^ell is four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cirliitai vein arines mopv tiian twice as far from the second obUrpie vein a.« that is fnmi the first and oulv a little less than half-way from tiie first obli(jue to the stigm itic ^•»'in, forks about two-fifths way to the iiind margin, and witli its iirst fork mns completcdy parallel to and distara from tUe second ohli(|iie vein : it is bent at its fork and there- after ruiw longitudiiiallv, forking again about half-wav to the tip and run- ning cl»»He t.o tile sti<;;nurtic vein. Tliis la«t arises very much nearer the first than ti*e seroml mhital fork, and except at base is but little arcuate and verv longitiHUiial, so that tlie stigmatic cell is exceptionally slender and nearlv half as l*>ng as the wing. Legs very slender.
LenLftli of fore \vin<r, 5.25"
breadth of same, 1.25"
lenirth of
antenna;, 0.'."""; of hind femora, 2.5'"'": hind tibia- and tarsi, 3.75"
il
IlEMII'TEKA— nOMOl'TKHA— Al'IIIDKS.
257
The eccentric Coiistmitine Kafinesciue-Sclnimlz made the tii'st attempt to classify American Aphides.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1(507.
3. 8n^noNopHOKOii>Ks propinqua.
Tho sinjfle specimen on wliich this species is based is not so well pre- served us the last. The antennjc are broken in the middle, but were appar- (;ntly of a similar lenj^th. Tho wings are slender, fully three times lon{jer than Itroad. The postcostal is very l)roacl, straight, and uninterrupted. The tirst obliipie vein is straight, and parts from tho postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees; tlie second is straight at base, beyond considerably arcuate, se[)arated by a narrow distance from the first, and placed at an angle o^ scarcely forty degrees witli the postcostal, so that the first discoidal cell between them is very long and slender, and is about four times as broad on the liind marmn as at the ba.se. The cubital vein ari.ses nearly twice as far from the second ol>lif)ue as that from tlie first, forks at rather less than one-third way to the hind margin, aiul is vei-y arcuate in course, so that though its first fork approaches exceptional!}' near the second obli(pie vein, the main stem reaches only twice the distance from the stigmatic vein. This hist vein arises opposite a point on tiie cubital vein one-third way from the first to the second fork, and, strongly arcuate, passes at once tar into the wing, and then becomes longitudinal, the stigmatic cell being pretty large and long, about t.vo-fifths the length of the wing. Legs very slender.
Length of fore wing, 5.5"""; breadth of same, 1.5"""; length ot fore femora, 1.75"'"" ; fore tibiie and tarsi, 2.5""" ; hind femora. •2.25"'"' ; hind tibi;e and tarsi, 4.2""".
Florissant. One specimen, Xo. ;J738.
7. LlTllAl'lllS gen. nov. (A/^(jf, Aphis.)
Head rather small with short frontal tubercles on which the antennje are seated in close proximity. Tho first two joints of the latter as in Siphonophoroides, the remainder ;dso as there, but if anything even longer. Fore win<if with the sti'nnatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time ver\ far from its origin (which is about a third way fnnn the base of the first obli(pio to the .stigmatic vein)
VOL Mil 17
258
TERTIARY INSK0T8 OF NOUTU AMEHIUA.
and about opposite tlio base of the stijirmatic vein, the second time apparently about half-way to the tip of the wing. Second oblique vein arising- .sliju^htlv nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, at rather more than half a ri;rht angle with the postcostal: first obliijue vein parting nnu;h more widely, about eighty degrees, so that the first discoidal cell between them, very narrow at base, is six or more times wider there than on the hind marifin. Lej>s moderately slender, the hind femora shorter than the abdomen, vhich is no broader than the thorax, twice as long as broad, and rounded. A single species is known,
LlTHAI'HIS DIKUTA.
The body appears to have been pretty uniformly colored. The pro- portions of the wings can not be determined, but the insect was one of the smaller species. The postcostal is parallel witli the costa, moderately slen- der, especially just befoio the long and tapering stigma. The first oblique vein is very transvers^s parting at an angle of about eighty degrees witii the postcoital, and straiglit ; tiie second oldicjue vein, arising rather close to the first, is slightly arcuate and parts from tlie j)ostcostal at an angle of forty- five degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is many times broader on the hind niarsrin than at the base. The cubital vein arises less than twice as far be- voiid the second obli(jue vein as that beyond thefu'st, is rather straight and stiff", first forks at less than a third way to the hind margin and again about half-way to the tip, approaching the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein. Tlie stiguiatic vein ari.sos scarcely beyond the first furcation of the cubital, and, strongly arcuate at first, reaches widely into the wing, the stig- nuitic cell being large and long.
Length of body, ."."""; antenna', r).a""" ; wing (probable), 4.a"'"'.
Florissant. Tliree specimens, Nos. 378.5, 12112, 1247^. A specimen from (ireen River, No. 82, Prof L. A. Lee, may perhaps belong here.
S. TEPHRArniS gen. nov. {Tf,ppm,>, Aphis).
Siphonoiihorniden {pan) Hlicktoii, Mniiosf. Urit. Apliiilcs, IV, I7(i (ISs:)).
Head apparently nuu;h as in Lithaphis, but the front tuberc-les iire luicertain. Antenn.-v constructed basally as there, separated at base by their own width, much longer than the* fore wing. Fore wing with tli<- .stigmatic vein arising rather l)efore the middle of the unusually broad
UEMIPTEUA—IIOMOPTERA— APHIDES.
259
stijyniii. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very near to its origin (which is about two-thirds the distance from the first oblique to the stig- matic vein), and about opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, the second time at varyinj^ distances from the first. Second oblique vein a little nearer the first obrupie than the stigmatic vein, unusually transverse, the first scarcely more longitudinal, so that the first discoidal cell between them, broad at base, is not more than twice as broad on the hind margin. Legs slender, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the rest of the leg about two-thirds the length of the fore wings. Abdomen short oval, well rounded apically, no broader than the thorax. Both species are very small.
Tabic of the s/iecic/i of ! phrajihiii.
■''irst (liHcoidal coll only liulf uh hroail a<;aiti ou the liiml iimrgiu as at bust), the Arst aufi Hecuiid oblique voiimvery nearly parallel t. T. simplex.
First discoidal cell twice as broad on the hind margin as at base, the first and second oblique veins distinctly divergent 2. T. walihii.
1. Tephraphis simplex.
PI. 18, Fig. 4. Siphoiiophoroides timplex nncktou, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176-177, PI. 133, Fig. 2 (1883).
This is one of the smallest of the Florissant species. The antennae, twice as long as the body, taper to a slender thread, scarcely visible on the stone. The body has the abdomen very pale and indistinct, but the rest much darker, and the legs are uniformly dark. The wings are slender, at least three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is very heavy and straight and the stigma, hardly broader, is very long. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty-five degrees ; the second oblique is very distant from the first, parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees, and, at first straight and there- fore almost parallel to the first oblique vein, is afterwards a little arcuate, so that the first discoidal cell is about half as broad again on the hind margin as at its base. The cubital ^eln, a little farther removed from the second oljlicpie vein than the latter is from the first, runs with its first fork in a straight course, parallel to the second oblique vein, forks at one-fourth the distance from the base, and is considerably angulated, running after- wards cimipletely parallel to the stigmatic vein, and forking again about half-way to the tip of the wing. Stigmatic vein arising closely subsequent to the first forking of the cubital vein, parting abruptly and curving
260
TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
strongly, passing a variable distance into the Ijody of tlie wing, and then running longitudinally; it nowhere approaches closely the cubital vein, and the stigmatjc cell is at the most scarcely one-third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 2.4™™ ; antenntp, 4.T.^™'" ; wings, 3.5-4™™ ; fore fem- ora, 1™™; fore tibia- and tarsi, 1.2f)™™ ; middle tili?' aiui tarsi, 1.6™™; hind femora, 1.2™™; hind tibia' and tarsi, 2™™.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. r)19, 670», 2153.
2. TePHRAPHIS WAL8UII. PI. iS, Fig. 19,
Little is preserved buttheovcrlappingfore wings and these imperfectly. They show the insect to have been very small with slender wings, probably just about three times as long as bro>id. The tii'st oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees; the second is also straight and parts at an angle of forty degrees, and the distance between the two being great, the first discoidal cell is wide, but on the hind margin twice as wide as at base. The cubital vein arises only a little farther from the second oblique vein than it is from the first, luid at about two-thirds the dis- tance from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; with its first branch it is completely parallel to the second oblique vein and straight, forking first at about one-third of the distance to the hind margin ; it is not abruptly bent at this fork, but curves rather rapidly to gain a longitudinal course, and forks again a little less than half-way to the tip of the wing. The stigmatic vein arises scarcely beyond the first fork of the cubital and curves rapidly to a longitudinal course, but the relative length of the slender stigmatic cell can hardly be determined.
Length of specimen, 4.25™™ ; probable length of wing, 3.5"".
The late Benjamin D. Walsh was one of the first students of our Aphides.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 8085, lying entangled with Ptero- stigma recurvum.
9. APHIDOPSIS gen. nov. (Aphis, niPi?).
Head provided with short, broad, and uniform frontal tubercles, between which, a space more than equaling the breadth of the antennae, the front is rounded and slightly advanced. First joint of jintenna' distinctly nar- rower than the frontal tubercles, scarcely longer than broad, scarcely narrow-
'
UEMIPTERA-IIOMOPTEBA— APHIDES.
261
ing apically, the second much smaller, subconical, the remainder very slender, filiform, much longer than the fore wings, tlie third joint alone as long ns the whole body. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein more than usually longitudinal, arising from before the middle of the very narrow and elongated stigmn, so that the very narrow stigmatic cell is more than a tiiird as long as the wing. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin (a third or halfway to the extremity of the first branch), which is usiudly flbout midway between the first oblique and cubital veins, but varies to some extent, and in any case oidy a little before tiie origin of the stigmatic vein, the second time not far from half-way from the first forking to the apex of the wing. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first oblique than the stigmatic vein, sometimes only to a slight extent, sometimes twice as near it, generally very straight, the first oblique at such an angle with it thsit the first discoidal cell between them, pretty wide at base, is from three to six times as wide on the hind margin of the wing. Legs very slender, the hind femora fully reaching the tip of the abdomen, the rest of the hind legs only a little shorter than the fore wings. Abdomen rounded ovate, somewhat broader than the thorax, fullest behind, with an extremely short and rather stout cauda, and very short and remark- ably stout conical cornicles.
Table of the iipecie» of Aphidopsii.
Fore wiiifjg more than throe luillhneterB lonK. Ciibitiil vein arcuate thruu^hont.
First cnbital brani'h iniiuh nearer to the secoml culiital branch than to the second oblique yein. Cubital vein approaching the stigmatic vein /ery closely ; fore lugs longer than middle
legs 1. A. stxbtmia.
Cnbital vein not approaching the stigmatic vein very closely; fore legs shorter than mid- dle logs ii. A. hargeri.
First cnbital branch e(|nidtstant from second cubital branch and second oblique vein.
3. A. Itttaria. Cubital vein angularly bent at furcations.
Kxpanse of wiugs nine millimetorsor less ; flrst discoidal coll normally divergent.
i. A. margarum. Kxpanse of wings eleven millimeters or more ; first discoidal cell not very divergent.
5. A. dalli. Fore wings less than three millimeters long 6. A. emaciata.
1. Aphidop.sis SUBTERNA.
Head and thorax testaceous, slightly mottled with pallid. Antenna; as long as the fore wings. Wings slightly less than three times as long as broad, the postcostal moderately light, rurming uninterruptedly into the very slender elongated stigma. First transverse vein very slender, nearly
262
TKIITIAUY INSECTS OF NOKTll AMKUICA.
straight, but Hli;r]itly arcuate, parting from tin* poHtcostnl at nn aiiglo of at least fifty degrees ; second obli(|uo vein hardly heavictr, very feebly arcuate, and parting from the postcctstal at an angh' of forty-fivo degrees ; it is moderately distant at bane from tlu* first oltli(|ii(' vein, so tliat the lirst (li?»- coidal cell between them is only about four times broader on the hind mar- gin than at the base. Cubital vein arising half as far again from the second oblique as it from tlie first oblitpie viin and only al)out one-third way from the latter to the stignuitie vein ; it forks about on»}-third way to the hind margin, and its first fork is completely parallel to and sumnwhat distant from the second obli(pie vein; near its second fork it approaches twice as near the stigmatic vein as the second obli(pie vein. Sligmatic vein nol leach- ing far into the wing, arising from a (piartcr to a third the distance from the first to the second furcation of the cubital vein, so tliat the stigmatic cell is slender and about two-fifths the length of the wing. I'Y'inora ])ale, tibia* and tarsi dark. Abdomen plump oval, of a pale ( r, mottled with large, roundish, dark spots arranged in mediodorsiil jind lateral rows on the posterior portion of the segments ; there are faint indications of a slender, slight, and rather short cauda, and distinct marks of cornicles in conical hillocks at the extreme outer sides of the here aiigulated abdomen.
Length of body, 3.75"""; .intiMuia-, ")"'"': tore wings, h""" \ fore fen lorn. 1.3"""; fore tibia' and tarsi, 2.r»""" ; middle fenu.ia, 1.1"'"'; middle tibia- and tarsi, 2.4"'"' ; hind femora, 2 ""' ; hind tibia- and tarsi. 3.3'""'.
Flori.ssant. Six specimens, Nos, 21!t, 7K>, l.'ittT, -Jl.',!, 7420, SSSG.
2. Ai'MIDDPSIS nAKiiKlM.
The single specimen which represents this species is pr(-.served upon n side view, with the wings somewhat crumpled. Knough, liowever, can be seen to distingui.sh it from the jjreceding species in that the cubital vein runs at the ordinary distance from the stigmatic. tlioiigh still distant from the second obli(;uo vein, and though the stigmatic vein descends as <leeply into the wing as in A. sul)terna. The origin of all the veins is the .same, but the second oblique is more arcuate and its arcuation confined mostly to the apical half. Hut the principal difference is found in the relative length of the legs, which though stouter are also longer and have the middle pair slightly longer than the fore pair, instead of the rev(-r.se. The legs are remarkably preserved and show the singh- jointed tarsus and claws with great distinctness, showing them to be constructed much as in ( 'allipterus.
IIKMnTKUA-llOMOI'TERA— APMIDES.
263
Lenifth of body, 3.r>"""; wiiij^H (partly (wtimiitiwh. 1.75"""; foro legs,
4.1"'"'; t'oiuur, 1.4')"""; tibiii, 2:2')"""; tiir«UH, 0.4'"'"; inid.lU' Ioj^h, iM""" ;
femur, 1.75"""; tibia, 2.1"""; tiir.-*UH, 0.4"""; hind loji^H, (J T)"'"' ; femur, 2'"'"; tibia, 4""" ; far«UH, 0.6'"'".
To tlic iiKMiiory of tho t'aithful paleontologist, Dr. Oscar Harger, of New Haven.
Florissant. Onespecimon, No. 11360.
8. Aphiuophis lutabia.
Head and thorax rather darker than the abdoin( n, tho femora rather lighter than the tibiiu. Antonuiii a little louyor than tho for© wings. Wiujis fidly three times longer than broad, tho postcostal vein stout and running with searcely any diminution of size into tho long and very slender stigma. Fir.Ht oblicjiio vein strai;j;ht or scarcely arcuate, parting from the posteo.stal at an angle of lifty degrees ; second oblique vein regularly arcuate, parting from tho postcostal vein at an angle of forty-fivo degrees, and moderately distant from tho first oblicpio at base, so that tho first discoidal cell between them is about three or four times broader on the hind margin than at the base. The cubital vein is appiirently about as far from the second obli(|ue veiri as it from tho first obli(jUo, first forks at about one-third way to the hind margin, and has throughdut a gently arcuate curve by which it ap|)roaches pretty close to tho stignjatic vein. This arises far back in the stigma, almost reaching the first cubital fork, is gently arcuate and has a very longitudinal course, so that tho stigmatic cell is both slender and very long, not much less than half as long as tho wing. Legs very slender indeed, the fore psiir nearly as long as the wings and longer than tho middle pair, the hind tibia- and tarsi longer than the body.
Length of body, S.o-.'J.S"'"' ; antennas .O.?;")'"'" ; fore wings, 5.25""" ; fore legs, 4.8"""; femur, 1.8"'"' ; tibia, 2.6'""' ; tarsus, 0.4""" ; middle logs, 4.25""* ; femur, 1.6"'" ; tibia, 2.25""'"; tarsus, 0.4'"'"; hind legs, 6.6'"'"; femur, 2.6"'"; tibia and tai'sus, 4'""'.
Florlssiiiit. Three specimens, Nos. 7433, 8773, and fr*^ the Princeton Collection, 1.834.
i
I ' I
264
TKKTIAKY INHKiri'M OK NOUTIl AMKHICA.
■I. Al'lilDOI-HIS MAIUUKUM. \'\. IS. Fitf. S.
Tliirt rtiiiull and hIcmuIci' rtpi'cios is vory dark, alimiHt lilitck nx preHorvod, nnd pn^tty uniform. Tin; aiitounii' so tar an pruscrvud aro cx»'t'H«ivoly rtleiulor and rather shorter than tlie wlnjjfs, NV^in^rs about throe times as long as broad, the [lostcostal vein heavy, uniform, and straij^iit, mergiii;;' into the stigma, which is twice as broad, l)Ut very Kmy and sh'ixh'rly fusi- foruj The first oi)li(pie vein is perfectly straight and j»arts from the post- costal at an angle of fidly sevonty-fivo degrees; the second ol)li((ue vein, also perfectly straigiit and ratiier distant from the first, parts from the post- costal at an angle of forty-live degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base, t 'ubital vein very stiff and angidar, it and both its branches being rigidly straight; at each finration it is bent, forking first at ratlier more than a third wa\ to tli(* hind margin and again alxMit half-way to the apex of the wing, not nppntaching closely to the stiy:mati('. vein; tho vein originates at more than half-way from tho first oblicpio vein to tho stigmatlc. The stigmatic vein arises fur back, about midway between tho forks of the cubital, and is vory longitudinal, so that the stigniatic coll is narrow, and exceeds ii third tho length of the wing. Legs verv slender.
Length nf i),Kly, 21)-
antcniia', .'i.4"
win-rs, ;j.75-4"
mi(
Idh
log
L'S.
•211
rh»rissant. Three specimens. N«»s. [yAHi), 121!M). \-2(>h:
5. Ariimopsis halli.
The head and th(»ra\ darkei' than tiie tolerably uniform alxlomen. Antenna' at least half as long again as the l>ody. Wings apparently about throe times as long a.s broad, the postcostal slender, tho stigma pretty largo and very long. First obliipio vein straight, or nearly straight, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about lifty-fivo degrees ; second obli4ue rather distant from it. parting at an angle of fort3'five degrees, and likewise nearly straight, so that the fir.st di.scoidal cell between theni is little more than twice as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein arising more than twice as far from tho second oblirpio vein as that from the first, and about midway between the latter and tiio stigmatic vein, first forking when hardly
lIKMirrKltA— IIOMOl'TKKA— AI'HIDKS.
2B5
loNH timti half-wiiy to tlit* hind miir);iii, bunt at t\w tiiKt furcation, und jmrtmnjf oxcoodin^ly cIoho to tlio Htif(iniiti(; vein, th« iipiKfi' hranch of tlio final fork in diruct contiiiiiution of tliu main ntviu. Sti^;niatic. vuin ariHin<r at about one-third tUa distance from tlie first to the Hoeond furcation of the cubital vein, very lonj>itiidiinil, so tiiat the stij^fniatic cell is ratlier slender and very Ion;,', fidly two-fifths the len;;th of the \vinj(. I^e^^s slender, the femora tol- erably stitut, the fori! and nnddle le^s of e<[nal length in all parts.
I-ongth of body, ;J.6""" ; antenme, f!.5""|' ; winjfs, 6""" ; fore leg«, .'1.9""";
femora, 14' ; tibijo and tarsi, 2.')"""; niichlle lejfs, .'{.!»"'"' ; femora, 1.4""';
tibia- and tarsi, 2.5""" ; hind le;,'H, T).]""" ; femora, 2.25""" ; tlbiiu and tarsi, 2.S,5""". An<»tiier Hi>(!cimen had a l)ody 4. 75""" lon<(, with winjfs nearly «i.5""" and hind femora 2.5 lon^'.
In honor of Mr. William llealy l>all, the malacolojfiHt, well known also for his studies of fossil invertebrates.
FlorisHant. Two Bpecimons, Mos. !)l.'i5, and from the Princeton Collec- tion l.lOitl.
G. Al'MiUOFSlS KM.VCIATA.
This diminutive species is represented by a single spocinien with spread wings, without antennm or legs. It lias an expanse of only six mil- limeters or less. The head and thorax are uniforndy dark, the abdomen uniformly light colored. The wings are as long as the body and mure than three times as long as broad. The po.stco.stal vein is broad, but not darkly jjigmented, as usual, and the; stigma large and distinct. First oblique vein straight, parting from the postcsostal at an angle of about seventy-fiv(f degrees; the second oblicpie also straight, parting at an angle of about forty-five degrees, but though the wing is slender, the discoidal cell, narrow at base, is several times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein arising about midway between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, and twice as far from the .second obli(pie vein as this from the first; it first forks at some distance from the base, and is strongly arcuate, approach- ing much nearer the stigmatic than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising very far back, almost to the first furcation of the cubital vein, and, reaching down far into the wing at the start, it gives a very large stigmatic cell, almost half as long as the wing.
Length of body, 2.5""" ; fore wings, 2.5""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 6405. It comes from the uppermost layers.
11
i
26G
TKRTIAKV INSKOTS OV NOUTM AMKKlCA.
Aphidopsis sp. PI, 18, Fip. 11.
A single sp cinien and its reverse is the only instance of an immature plant-louse among the numerous remains of this family at Floris:jant. This is excellently pr"served, and agrees so well in the structure of the anteiiUsc and legs and in the form of the abd.'men with the species of Aphidopsis, a prevailing type among the Florissant forms, tliat [ ventun^to place it here; the more so as in the markings of the al)(k*men, well repi'esented on the jdate, it bears a striking resemblance to A. subterna, the most i'ounnon sjiecits of Aphidopsis. Short conical markings on the outer sides of the fifth visible abdominal segment evidently mark the position of former cornicles.
Length of body, 4"""; antenna-, 4"""; fore legs, 3.7"""; fenuu-, 1.6"""; tibia and tarsus, IM"""; middle legs, 4"'"'; fenuir, 1. .'{""" ; tibia and tar.sus, 2.7""": himl leg.s, 3.5 .'""" : fenuu-, 1.25?"""; tibia and tarsus, 2.25'""'.
Florissant. One s|)ecim<'n, Nos. 1044 and 4271.
10. Oin'(;TAl*niS gen. nov. (ripjvrro?, Apiiis).
Fore winjrs with the stigmatic vein arising from the nuddle of the exceed- ingly long ami fusiform but moderately broad stigma. Cubital vein (by analogy with the others) twice tVrked, the first tinu» very far from its origin (which is iicaily midway bctwiH'u the base of the first oblicpie and stigmatic veins) and ratlicr I)efore than behind the base of the stigmatic vein (the ]date is wrong in this respect), the second tim<^ uncertain, as theonly speci- mens are not well prescrvetl here. Second i»bli(pi<* vein arising many times nearer the first oblicpu' tlian the tubital vein, .so that the first discoulal cell narrow at base is several times wider on the hiiul margin. Legs moderately slender. .Mxlomen, as far as can be seen, relatively long and sleiuler.
Tablf uf thr piiiiH of (hijilafhin. Oblique vein scarcely diver^rciit in \y,\sn\ liilf. at'ti'rnanl.'t (lisliiirlly ilivcrf;i'iit . .. .
()lilir|ii<' veins iiHiliviT^fcnt in liasal its i
1|M
I. ". rccoiidita.
il half .'i. O. lesuenrii.
I. < >KVC'TAPniS KKCONDITA. PI. IS, Fig. 14.
Head and thorax black, abdomen very light. Wings apparently rather ii'jre than three tinu's .is long as broad, the po.stcostal stout, and the stigma very elongated. First oblique vein straight and jiartingfrom the postcostal at an anifie of fortv-five degrees; so al.so does the second oljliciue vein,
IIEM1I'TK!IA— HOMOPTliKA— Al'lJIDKS.
267
which arises in close prdximity atid scarcely divei'ges from the other in the iirst third of its course and tlioii bends outward, so that the first dis- coidal cell must lie three or four times hroader on the liind margin than at the base. Cubital vein arising four times as far from the second oblique vein as it is from the first, and yet not (juite half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein : it first forks only a little less than half-way to the hind margin, and no second furcation can be seen, as the wing is broken. The stigmatic vein arises opposite the first furcation of the cubital vein and curves well down into the wiiig, so that the stigmatic cell is large, but its relative length can noi '•" determined.
Length of l)ody, fi.ft""" ; wing, 6.2;")""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 4475.
2. OincTAPUis L'„s('i.:ui{ii.
Head and thorax black, abdomen ex eedingly j)ale. \Vings apparently about three times longer than broad, tin postcostal vein very heavy, angu- lated in the slightest jmssible manner i. 'xt the oblicjue veins, the stigma very long and slender. The first oblique ein- parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty-five degrees, and is faintly sinuate; the second, aris- ing close to it, is arcuate apicalh', but otherwise straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of foity-five degrees, so that the discoidal cell between them is about four times as broad along the hind border as at the base. Cubital vein indistinct at base, but aijparentl)- arising four times as far from the second obliijue vein as this from the first, and about nndway between the first oblicjue and the stigmatic vein ; it first forks at almost half-wi\y to the hind border, and in passing to that its first fork gradually apjH'oaciies the second obli(iue vein. The stigmatic vein apj)ear8 to arise about half-wiiy l'et-.\ een the tw*) furcations of the cul>ital vein, bui no more can be said of it from its imj)erfec(ion on both wings. The fore legs are very slender.
Length of body, 4.5"""- wings, o.;')"'"' : fore femora, 1.1"""; fore tibia; and tarsi, 1.5""".
In memory of the early American i)aleoutologist, Charles Alexandre lA'sueur.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 9405.
i
if;
268
TEKTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKUIOA.
11. SYCHNOBROCHUS ge». nov. {avxvo?, /3p6xo?).
' The fore wiiij^s with the stigniatic vein iirising from the middle of the stigma and very longitudinal. Cubital vein at least once forked, far from basse, and opposite the base of the stigniatic vein, arising nearly midway between the first oblicjue and dtigmatic veins ; beyond it is too poorly pre- served in the only specimen known to be certain whether it forks again or not. Second oblique vein aiising four times as near the first oblique as the cubital vein, at an angle of less than forty-five degrees with the j)Ostcostal vein, the first oblicpie, which is nearly parallel to it, curving outward in the latter i)art of its course, so that the first discoidal cell between them is exces- sively long and arcuate. Abdon)en long and narrow, narrower than the thorax, twice as long as broad, and well rounded apically.
SyCHNOBKOCHUS KEVIVIi^CENS. P!. 18, Fi{,'. (i.
One ol' tiie very smallest of the Aphides, unfortunately showing of the appendages only one wing. The head and prothora.v are light colored, but darker than the iibdomen. which shows darker transverse bands on the pos- terior halves of the segments. The wings are only slightl)- longer than the body( the abdomen b." g longer than usual), perhaps slightly more tlian three times as long as broad, th<> slender postcostal vein parallel throughout with the costa, the interspace more or less clouded witli pigment, the stigma moderately brond and very long, reaching ncarlv or (piite to the extreme ti]) of the wing. The (»bli(|ue veins are both remarkably long and of nearly c(jual length, curving outward apically, and extending so far that even the first terminates well in the <tuter half (>♦" the wing; they ari.se close together, the first at an angle of scarcely metre, the second of scarcely less, than forty- five tU'grees with the po.stcostal. and are nearly parallel, the discoidal cell being therefore aniiiite and about tw<» or three times as broad on the hind margin as at tht l)ase. The cubital vein is faint aiul obscure, apparently arising at a little less than half-way from the tirst oli]i(jue to the stigniatic vein, and four or five times farther fnmi the second oblicpie than it from the first obli(juc vein ; its first forking eaii not be satisfiictorily determined, but it appears to be far from the base and a very little in advance of the stigmatic vein ; it has the same sweep as the obliijue veins. The stigniatic
UEMIPTERA— IJOMOPTEKA— AIMliDBS.
269
vein arises tolembl}- eiiily, and is considerably arcuate at base, afterwards longitudinal, the stio-matic cell being' nearly or quite a third the length of the wing.
Length of body, 2.;")""" ; fore wing, 2.7.")""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. ;^ 14.
SiibtUmily SCHIZONKURTN/'E Pusserini. 12. SCHl/ONKlIliOlDKS Muckton.
Sehhoiieuroides Hiiokt., Moiiogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 178 (ISSii.)
Fore wings with the postcostal vein distant from the margin and curved in an opposite sense. Stigmatic vein arising very early, near the proximal end of the long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is fully two-fifths the length of the wing. Cubital vein once forked far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and at a long distance from its own origin, which is near the middle of the outer half of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second oblique vein arising twice as near the first as the cubital vein, but not very near the former, though somewhat nearer than repre- sented on the plate, diverging from it at a slight angle, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them is nearly or quite four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Abdomen long oval, no broader than the thorax, about twice as long as broad, and a little pointed apically.
A single species is known.
bCmZONEUROIDES SCUDDERI. PI. 18, Fig. 2,
SchUoneuroidet ncudderi Biickt., Monogr. liiit. Apliidea, IV, 17r<, PI. i:t3, Fig. 5 (1883) ; Sciidd., Zittel, Hiiiidi). a. I'lilicont., I, II, 7.-0, Fi};. 988 (1885).
The greater portion of a body with the wings of one side represents this small species. The body is mottled and barred with dark brown. The wing is i-epresentetl on the i)late with altogether too full a hind margin, for the wing is really more than three times as long as broad. The middle of the base of the first discoidal cell is midway between the base of the wing- and the stigmatic vein. T\w first oblique vein is straiglit, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees ; the second gently sinuate, at an
I
270
TEUTlAltY INSECTS OF NOUTII AMERICA.
angle of forty-five tlej^icts with the .saiiic ; the (Iiacoi(hil eell about four times as Itroad on the hind iiiiir<;iii mm at tlie ha.se. The cubital vein forks about at its middle and tlieii rather widolv.
Length of l)ody, 1.8"""; of fore wino-, 4""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. ."J 15.
13. Al\rALAN( '( )N f^en. nov. (ri/^tnAn?, nrxtvy).
Plead considerably narrower than the thorax, tjuiidrate, with the fronr friaiifiularly and roundly produced to a considerable degree; no frontal tubercles. Antenna' about two-thirds as long as the body, tapering, the third joint relatively stout, about as long and at base fully as stout as the foro tibiiv, Hie first and second joiuts not one- half broader. Hostrum as long as the thorax, very slender. Fore wings very narrow, with the stiginatic vein arising very far back in the long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is nearly half as long as the wing. Cubital vein oiu-e forked, far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and a long wa\- from its own origin, which is at some distance before the middle of the space between the first obli(pie and the stigmatic veins; second oblicpie vein arising somewhat nearer the first obMque than the .stigmatic vein, diverging from the former slightly, so tha the first discoidal cell between them is oid}' two or three times as broad on the hind margin as at the Inise.
Tiic name is given with reference to the weakness of the cul)ital vein, which it shares with Anconatu.s.
A single species is known.
I
Amalanco.s' ltitosus.
ri. 18, Fi^. l.i.
The dark head and tliorax of an insect are all that remain of the body with a [)art of the legs and nuist of one fore wing. The thickened post- costal vein is very slightly sinuous and bleiuls apically into the stigma. The first oblioKe vein is straight and at an angle of fifty degrees with the |)Ostcosfal ; i he second also straight and at an angle of forty-five degrees with the same, the first discoidal cell being t»vo or three times broader on the hind margin than at the base. I'he cubital vein, exceedingly weak, has
i
IlKMirXEHA— IIOMOPTKIt.V— AI'FUDES.
271
a courHc midway in tho sj»ii((; Ijohvoen the scconcl ohlicpK.' ami stigmatic veins, and forks aljoiil Iialf-way to the tip of tlie wiiiy. Tlio stijj;-matic' cell is long and slender. The wliole winjr is very nairow, l)nt its exart pro- ))ortions are uncertain ; i)rol)ably it is more rlian tin-ee times as long as V)road.
Leni«tli of fore wing, 2.7.'')""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 340.
14. ANCONATIIS Hu<kton.
Ancoualui Biickt., Motiogr. Brit. AiihUlcs, IV, 177 (l&S:?).
Head rather small, §ubqiiadrate, broader than long, the front entire and straight. No frontal tubercles. Antennie apparently much shorter than the body, very slender, separated by twice tlie width of the basal joint, the first and .second joints quadrate and successively smaller, the third half the width of the first. Winga narrow, the stigraatic vein arising at about the middle of a pretty large and long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is generally about a third the lengtli of the wing. Cubital vein very feeble, once forked l)ofore, generally considerably before, the stigmatic vein and at a moderate distance from its own origin, which is in the second fourth of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins. Second oblique vein arising about twice as near the first oblique as the cubital vein, diverg- ing considerably from the first oblique vein which if, unusually transverse, but the first discoidal cell is only three or four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately stout but long, the middle femora being nearl}- as long as the width of the bod\', the hind femora as the length of the abdomen. Abdomen stout ovate, considerably broader than the thorax, l)roadest behind the middle, somewhat pointed apicaDy, with no Cauda, and only short cornicles.
Table of the upcciei nf A iirniialii*.
Cubital vein forking a long way boforo tho ativmiitio vein, anil arising oiiiy a littlo botbre tho middle of till! H|iadi bctwcpii the first ob'.iqne ami stigmatic veins 1. A. dorsuoaus.
Cnbital vein forking only i littli' be "ore tlio ••'iginatlo vein ami vnry far from its origin, which is at aboot the middle of the proximal half of the space betwen tho first oblicjue and stipi.iatic veins.
!i. A. bucktoiii.
'
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272 TEKTIAKY INSECTS OF NOBTU AMEltlCA.
1. AnCONATUS OOKSU08U8.
PI. 18, Fig. 9.
Aneoiiatui dortuo»u» Biickt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177-178, PI. IIW, Fig. 4 (1883).
This large species is represented by several specimens, all tolerably complete with more or less spread wings. In all the body is uniformly dark, but in none is the form of the wing sho'vn. The po.stcostal vein is more or less slender, and merges into the greatly elongated snbfusiforni stigma, which fades out shortly before the tip of the wing. The first obli(pie vein is straight and parts from the j)ostcostal at an angle of about seventy degrees, while the second is more or less arcuate after a short distance from the base and its general course is at an angle i>f forty-five degrees with the postcostal, though the first discoidal cell is apparently only a little more than three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. ('ul»ital vein arising scarcely before the miildle of tiio space lietween the firsf obli(pie and stigmatic veins and, running midway between tli«' sei t>nd obli(|Ue'and stigmatic veins, forking at some distance before the stigni;itic vein (in which the figure is not (piite correct) and at fibout the end of one-tiiird of its course. Stigmatic cell very slender, the stigmatic vein being only gently arcuate, and the cell nearly a third the length of the wing.
Length of body, fi""" ; of fore wing, 8""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3228, 4827, lUTV
2. An'CONATUS ni'CKTONI.
The body is d^ep l)lack, with pale lilotches on the abdomen of one specimen, which may be only flaws in the carl)onaceou8 matter. Excepting the wings and fragments of legs, no appendages are preserved, unless it be one of the cornicles, a slender, e(pial, not very long, black .stem protiuding on one side at the place of the cornicle, and less than ont^-foiirth the width of the abdomen. The form of the wings can not be determined, but ai)par- ently they are very narrow. The postcostal vein and stigma are as in A. dorsuosus. The first o])li(pie \('in is straight, and diverges from the post- costal at an angle of fifty degrees: the .second, ((piaily straight, as far as it can be seen (not over one-half its cour.se), at an angle of forty degrees ; the stigmatic cell not wholiv determinate but perhnps wider at base tlmu in A.
riEMU'TERA— IIOMOI'THUA-APIIIDES.
273
dorsuOHUs and oxceodinj^ly lon<^, hoin^ nearly lialf a^i lon<j as tho wirijy. The cuhital vein arisos at alxmt the middle of tho proximal halt' of the space between the first oblique and atlgmatic veins, takes a course in tho spacoopen to it, a little below tho middle, and forks only a little before the stigmatic vein, far from its base and very low down, the inferior branch being short.
Length of body, 3.5™™ ; of fore wing, 7.5™™.
Named for my friend, George Bowdlcr Huckton, Esq., whose mono- graph of the British Aphides is a monument of patient work.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 20G7, 14289.
15. PTEROSTIGMA Buckton.
Pteroitigma Biickt., Mouogr. Brit. AphidoB, IV. 178 (1883).
Head and antenna* precisely as in Anconatus, excepting that the basal antennal joints are slenderer, so that the frontal space between the antennte is several times their width.' Fore wings exceptionally narrow, with the straight postcostal vein distant from the convex margin, the stigmatic vein arising before the middle of the long, curving and tapering stigma, so that the cell is nearly two-tifths as long as the wing (it is sliorter than would appear from the plate). Cubital vein very feeble, once forked well before the liase of tho stigmatic vein and at no very great distance from its own origin, which is near the middle of the space between the first oblique and the stigmatic veins. Second oblique vein arising close to tlie first and many times nearer it than the cubital vein, sinuous JMid diverging from the straighter fir.st obli(pie vein at a considerable angle, .so that the first discoidal cell between them is about four times broader on tiie hind margin than at the base. Legs very slender, but not very long. Abdomen pretty regu- larly oval, apically rounded.
Table of the species of rterusligma.
KuHes of thosecond oliliqnc and sti;;iii:itio vuius hardly luoro distant tiiaii tlio extreme breadth of the wiiin , 1. /'. yeciiivum.
ltam>H of tlio sovund olilii|nu and t<ti>;niatic veins more than half as distant a^aln as tho extreme brvadtli of tlie wing 'i. /'. nigrum.
• What Hni'kten took for a rostrum of three joints is a broken part of tho right aiitf^nna. VOL XIII 18
274
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTn AMERICA.
1. PtEROSTIOMA RECURVtJM.
PI. 18, FiR, 18.
Plerontigma reeurvim Buckt., Monogr. Urit. ApliidcH, IV, 178, PI. 13;), Fig. C (1885).
A sinf»'le specimen with expanded wings lies ontangled with ii species of Aphidina' (Te|)hiaphis walshii). The basal joints of the antenna; are preserved, and show the characteristics mentioned nnder the genus. The fore wings are nearly tiiree times as long as broad, with scarcely any fidhiess along the hind margin, being exceptionally synnnetrical. The thiclvened postcostal vein is ahiiost straight, with tlie slightest possilde curve from tiie margin, and in the middle of the wing blends into the exceedingly long, slender, and arcnate stigma, which curves around the tip of the wing nearly to the middle line : the costal margin is consideral)ly arcuate at base and distant from the postcostal vein. Tiie obli(pie veins as far as preserved are nearly straight and consideral)lj' divergent, l)iit the second is only preserved in its basal half or tliird ; it diverges from tiie postcostal al)out forty degrees, the first as much as fifty degrees. The cubital vein is very faint tliroiigliout, but arises al)Oiit six times as far from the second oblique as that from tlie first, and at only a short distance less tlian half-way from the fir.st oblicpie to the stigmatic vel'i ; it has a very longitudinal course and forks narrowl}', well liefore the base of the stigmatic vein and at from one-fourtli to one-third the distance from its origin to the extremity of its lower brancli. The stigmatic vein parts gently from the stigma and for most of its course is slraighf, tlie stigmatic cell being narrow, broadest apically, and nearly two-fifths as long m (lie wllig. The ojieiiness of the fiist dis- coidal cell apically can not be determined, but seems to have been three or four times as bruad here as at liase. Tlie abdomen seems to be oval, scarcely broader than the thorax, and shows no signs of cauda or cornicles.
Length of body, 4.2.")""" ; of fore wing, 5.75'""'.
No jiart of the wing is displaced by pressure, as suggested as possibly the case by Biicktou; on the contrary it is I'xceptionally undisturbed; but as ilrawn on the jilate the extreme ba.se of the stigmatic vein is not given (and is in reality very faint and only visible in certain lights), while iha apparent short vein close to its basn is foreign to the wing. The obscure cubital VI in was overlooked when the drawing was made.
Flori.s.sant One specimen, No. !SU8.j.
IIKMII'TEKA-UOMOrTHKA— l'8VLLll)yE.
275
'
2. Ptekostigma nigrum.
Only tlio body, somewhat distorted, niid one foro wing nro preserved, which do not permit so complete u description as of the precedinjj species. The wing appears to be about th oo times as hmg as broad, and with the same symmetrical form seen in the preceding species. The po.stcostal vein is thick and straight, blending into the considerably thickened stigma. The obli(pie veins are each very gently arcuate with the opening toward the stigma, uiuisufilly oblicpie and little divergent, the general course of the first being scarcely more than forty-five degrees with the postcostal, that of the second not above forty degrees ; the second is more sinuous and terminates fully as far out as opposite the ba.se of the stigmatic vein, the finst opposite the base of the cubital, so that the cell is at least four times as wide on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein is very faint, especially toward the base, but arises four or five times as far from the second ol)li(pie as the latter from the first oblique vein, and scarcely less than lialf-way from the first obli(pie to the stigmatic vein ; it has an exceed- ingly longitudinal course and forks very narrowly far before the base of the stigmatic vein, but just how far the single specimen does not permit deciding. The stigmatic vein parts rather rapidly from the stigma and is strongly arcuate at base, l)Ut the form of the stigmatic cell can not Ix; made out. Tile bod}' is very black and uniform thi'oughout, the abdomen short ovate, and well rounded, with no sign of cauda or cornicles.
Length of body, .'i.f)'""' ; .f wings, h""".
Florissant. One Hpccimen, No, liOIIO,
Family PSYLL1D>E Lntreille.
This little family of leaf fleas, closely allied to the Aphides, but always winged at maturity and showing some curious resemblances in neuration to th(i Psocida' among Neuroptera, seems to be best represented, like the Aphides, in temperate regions, riitlierfo it has not been found fossil, but the shales of Florissant have now yielded remains of two species belonging to two ditferent groups and repre.-senting extinct genera allied to Ps3lla, Pachypsylla, and ?\vllopsis.
Tabh of the genera of PtyUidcr.
Stem of llio ciiliifal vein licftire its folk an IcmijaH the Hteiii of tiie HubroHtal vein 1. Xccropni/Jhi.
Siein ofthocul)it.al vein beforo its fork (li.stiiictly sfi'/rtor thau tliatof the subcostal veiii-.S. Catopsyllu.
276
TKRTIAUY INHKOTS OFNOllTII AMERICA.
1. NECUOrSYLLA gon. nov. {venpt?, Psylla).
This niinic '\a proposed for ii species belonglnjf to the siiltfaiiiilv Aplm- liii-iiiir, wliieh allows a eloso resomblanco to Psyllopsis. As there, the wiiifif is luenihnuious. The iiotiohis cubiti is of the huiih* hjiifjth as tlio discoidal part «'r the siibcosta, and tlie jjeneral rehitioii of the principal nervures is the same ; it isoidy in minor details that it differs liere, such as the excep- tional len<,'th of the uj)p('r hraiich of the siibcosta luid the transverse course of the lowest branch of the cubital. Ihit the most strikinj' difl'creiico is in the form of the w'lug, which in I'syllopsis is pretty regularly obovate, the M'idest part of the winji^ in the middle, the apex well rounded. In Nocro- psylla, on the other hand, it is subtrian<^ular, the broadest part just before the apex, which is very broadly roujided ; both upper and lower margins are nearly straight. Little is jiroserved besides the wings.
When first noticed it was thought to belong to the I'socidat, near Pso- quilla and Spha'ropsocus, and was accordingly figured among the Neurop- tera.
A single species is known.
NeCROPSYLLA RIO IDA.
PI. 12, Figs. 11, 21.
Head broad, fully twice as broad as long, rounded, the nasus strongly pronounced, orbiculai-, very large. Whole body stout, the prothorax appar- ently at least three times as broad as long, the abdomen tapering a little only, and furnished at the tip with a short, slender, conical, bluntly tipped style. Wings two and n half times longer than broad, wedge-.shaped, being hirgest near the tip and narrowing pretty regularly toward the base, though more rapidly on the basal third than beyond, the costal margin arched, the tip very fully rounded, the inner margin j)erfectly straight. A principal vein runs through the middle of the wing ; at the end of the fir.st third it divides into two forked Ktems, the cubital and subcostal, each of them forked for the first time opposite each other at about the middle of the wing; the subcostal forks only this time, its upper offshoot curving at once up toward and then following clo.se to the costal margin, where it descends into the apical margin ; the cu))ital runs in a straight course midway between the former and the veins below. The lower branch, on dividing.
OEMIPTKUA— nOMOPTKUA— PSYIiLID.K.
277
sends one offshoot along tho midllo of tho wing, which forks at ;' little moro than half-way to tho tip, the forks curvinjr a little downward ; the other offsho(»t parts widely from the upper, but when it nears tho juirt niargiti, at a little beyond the middle of tho wing, it is connoctod by a cross- vein with the margin, while it itself passes with ;i strong curve to the apical mar- gin just beyond tho limits of the straigitt i, lor margin. Besides those veins there are two others, which re obscure and may t)riginato independently or from this central vein near the base: tho upper strikes the upper margin a little before the middle of tiie wing .md runs parallel to the upper offshoot of the priiu'ipal vein ; the other, the anal vein, which is more uncertain, Htrikes the inner margin a little nearer the bR«o, reaching it with a similar but reverse obliciuity.
Length of body, S'"" ; breadth, 0.75""" ; length of wing, 2°"" ; breadth, 0.78""°.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 310, 34!), 7598, 12017.
2. CAI'OPSYLLA gen. nov. («ara;, Psylla).
Belongs to the subfamil}' Psyllinic, in which the petiole of tho cubital vein is distinctly shorter than the discoidal portion of the subcostal. It is most nearly related to I'sylla irself, and indeed differs from it only in the excessivi' Iftigth of the cubital ccjlls, which are more than a third the length of tiir wing, and besides are of very simple and similar structure, in wiiich respect it, agrees better with Pacliyiwylla, recently described by liiley, though the cells are not so long as there ai\d the two sides of tho wing are more synnnetrical in form, the apex of the wing falling exactly in the mid- dle line ; the upper cul)ital branch falls barely lielow the middle of the apex of the wing. Tlie wing was pretty evidently niembranou.s, and its broadest portion is in the middle of the outer half, before which it decreases regularly and gently in size, both front and hind margins being nearly straight.
A single species is known.
Catopsylla prima.
Wings fully twice as long as broad, largest in the strongly rounded apical half, decreasing regularly in size toward the base. Lower fork of subcostal vein forming with its stem a nsgular, very gently arcuate curve and terminating considerably above the apex of the wing, its upper branch
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278
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
diverging from it angularly '.oward the costal margin just before the end of the j)roximal tliird of the wi.ig, and just before reaching the margin bend- ing abruptly outward parallel to the lower branch, not really reaching the margin until toward the aj)ex of the wing. In the cubital vein the lowermost fork makes a continuous, regular and rather strongly arcuate curve with the discoidal portion, striking the margin just before the middle of the wing ; the upper brancli of the lower fork parts from this just about opposite the forking of the subcostal, while the upper fork, not so wide as the lower, arises at three-fifths the distance from the base of the wing, making the inclosed cell of unusual length for Psyllida; ; the upper branch of this fork falls scarcely below the apex of the wing, and the tips of the cubital forks fall at subequidistant intervals along tlie margin, the lower cell the wider.
Length of body, .S"™ ; wing, 2.5""" ; breadth of latter, 1.2'"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 6712.
Family FULGORINA Burmeister.
This family is fairly well represented in Tertiary deposits and by a consideralde variety of forms, all the subfamilies being represented except the Tropiduchida, Derbida, and Lophopida; and, what is curious, each of the subfamilies is represented both in European and American strata, excepting only the Issida, confined to P^urope, and the Achilida, found only in Amer- ica, each by a single species, tlie one in Radoboj, the other at Florissant. In Europe the Fulgorina are represented by Poiocera in amber, the Uictyo- pliarida by Pseudophana l)oth in amber and at Oeningen, the Cixiida by Cixius in amber, the Delphacida by Asiraca at Aix, the Ilicaniida by Rica- nia in amber, and the Flatida by Flata, also in amber. The only one of these genera recognized in America is Cixiiis, and that doubtfully ; but these subfamilies are far better rej)resented, and in some instances by new and peculiar types. Thus of Fulgorida we have Nyctophyl.ix, Aphana, Lystra, and Fulg<»ra, all with more than one species, from various locali- ties ; of Dictyopluirida, a Dictyopliara from Florissant ; of Cixiida, not only Cixius but Oliarus, Diaplegnia, Oliarites, and Florissantia, all but the first peculiar types and Diaplogma with no less than seven species— all these from Green liiver and Florissant ; of Delphacida, Uelphax, and Planophlebia, the latter a remarkable oxtinct type from liritish Columbia ; of Ilicaniida
HEMIPTEBA— HOMOPTEltA— PULGOKINA.
279
Hammapteryx, a new genua from Green River ; and of Flatida, two species of Lithopsis and one of Ficarasites, both new types and from Green River. America is therefore far richer than Europe both in the number and diver- sity of its fulgorine fauna, but especial'y in the latter. About half the European species have been referred to Cixius alone, and, as we have seen, Diaplegrac, a genus of Cixiida, is the most abundant American type.
Subfiimily FULOORIDA StSl.
This group, whicli includes among its members the lantern-fly and other light-giving, or presumably light-giving, insects, has heretofore been found fossil only in amber, three species of Poeocera having been described therein. Now, however, we are able to add from the American rocks a con- siderable number and variety of forms, referred to four different genera, one of them, Nyctophylax, extinct and composed of large species with recurved snout.
NYCTOPHYLAX gen. nov. (yvKTocpv\af,).
Large bodied insects, nearly allied to Enchophora. The head pre- sented a recurved process of subeqiial diameter (as seen from the side) and tolerably stout, exceeding a little the diameter of the head ; it was directoi upward and a little backward, not reaciiing the posterior margin of the head, very bluntly pointed, laterally carinate. Legs short and moderately stout, the hind femora not surpassing the middle of the abdomen, both femora and tibiaj apparently carinate or tetraquetral throughout. Tegmina considerably surpassing the abdomen, densely reticulate in the apical fourth only. Type, N. uhleri.
Table of the species of Ni/ctophylax,
Larger species (tegmina tweuty luilliineturs iu length). Extreme tip of the recurved process of the head separated from tlie smiimit of the head by nearly twice its own greatest diameter. . 1. N. uhleri.
Smaller species (teginiua tiftaen railliuieters iu length). Extreme tip of the recurved process of tho head separated from tho summitof the head by not more than its own greatest diameter. .2. N. iHgil.
1. Nyctophylax uhlerl PI. 19, Viff. 11.
This is one of the largest of the Homoptera known in a fossil state, and from the development of the frontal process was not improbably a noctilu- cous insect. It is preserved on a side view; the fracture of the stone has removed a portion of the front, but has fortunately left intact the posterior
280
TEUTIAUY liVaBirrS OF NOKTU AMBRIUA.
connection of the process to the vertex, by which it is seen to be here abruptly bent backward, but at the same time upward, so as to leave an ang'ulate opening between it and the head. The head is streaked with pale, relieved by dark along the incisiu'es, and the process is longitudinally marked in the same way, the carinjc being dark. The tegmina are broad, expand- ing triangularly, roundly angulate at the apex, which is in the middle of the upper half, and surpass the abdomen by about one-fifth their length ; they are dark 1)ut mottled with lighter colors, and in the apical reticulate portion the nervules and cross-veins are heavily marked with white, breaking this part of the wing up into pretty regular, rectangular and longitudinal, fulig- inous cells of very equal breadth, bat varying in length from one to three times their breadth. The legs are dark, marked longitudinally with paler colors, and the dark abdomen is much paler in broad bands at the incisures.
Length of body, 20 ? '"'" ; height of thorax, 7"°' ; length of process beyond the head, 3""' ; breadth of same, l™" ; length of tegmina, 20""° ; their breadth, 8"""; length of fore femora, 4""°; fore tibiae, 5°"°; hind femora, 5 5""" ; hind tibia?, 7"""'.
This striking insect^ the possible light bearer of the ancient Florissant nights, is named for my friend Mr. P. R. Uhler, who h.os done more than any one else to illumine the path of the student of Hemiptera in our country.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 11771.
2. Nyctophylax vigil. PI. 19, Fig. 8.
Tliis species seems to differ from the preceding, so far as can be seen, only in its smaller size and the sliorter and more abruptly recurved process of the head, the apex of which only reaches a point opposite the middle of the eye, and is removed from the summit of the head by scarcely its own greatest width. Unfortunately this part was not exposed on the stone when it was drawn, and the front of the specimen, which is preserved in nearly the same position as in that of N uhle 5, is broken to silmost precisely the same extent as tliere. Tlie markings aro throughout the same, excepting that the pale bands at the incisures of the abdomen appear to be narrower.
Length of body, ir»"""; hei^lit of tliorax, 4.5'""'; length of process beyond tiie head, 1 2""" ; breadth of same, 0.9'"'° ; length of tegmina, 14.75""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 12088.
HEMIPTEKA— UOMOFrEBA— FULGOBINA.
281
APHANA Burmeister.
To this genus are provisionally referred a couple of species which belong in tliis neighborhood, but probably not together. No other extinct species have been reierred to this group, which is essentially subtropical.
Aphana atava. PI. 6, Figs. 96, 97. Aplutna atata Soadd., Ball. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., Ill, 769-760 (1877).
A single finely preserved specimen, giving the upper surface of the body, the displaced tegmina of one side, and a part of the middle leg of tho opposite side, is referred provisionally to Aphana. It plainly belongs to the true Fulgorina, and seems to agree better with Aphana than vvrith any other genus concerning which information is at hand, but it is much smaller than the species of Aphana (as it is larger than those of Pceocera), and differs from it in the structure of the head and the brevity of the tegmina. The head is small, being scarcely more than one-third the width of the body, the eyes not prominent, the front scarcely angulated, and the vertex of about equal length and breadth ; it is marked above with two longitudi- nal blackish stripes, and the thorax with a median, and, on either side, a broad, lateral, black stripe, all of them bordered by paler parts and the median marked with a median pale line. The front of the thorax is strongly and regularly convex, and the posterior border of the mesonotum is rect- angular. The tegmina are about tliree times as long as broad, with nearly parallel borders, the tip roundly pointed ; the apical fifth is filled with fine, closely parallel, longitudinal veinlets, extending from the tip of the radial vein to the inner border, forming an area of equal width throughout. The radial vein is parallel to the costa throughout. The ulnar veins originate almost exactly as in Acraepliia, but the upper one does not fork before the middle of the wing, when it sends downward a single shoot, while the lower forks almost immediately, and again emits a vein beyond the middle of the wing. The wing itself is apparently diaphanous, but is mottled lightly with faint fuliginous along the costal border, and more heavily, but irregularly, with dark fuscous on the basal half of the wing, especially next the extreme base, and in a rather broad and straight but irregularly margined and oblique baud, crossing tiie wing from just below the sutural angle equally
282
TEKTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMBHICA.
backward and outward. Middle leg moderately stout ; femur and tibia of e(]ual width, straight, apparently with sharp edges. Abdomen full, rounded, broad, the extremity broadly rounded ; it is dusky, especially beyond the base, the neighborhood of the spiracles darker, the fifth to the seventh seg- ments with a modio-dorsal (or medio- ventral?) raised line marked in black.
Length of body, d.5""" ; breadth of head, 1.8""" ; of abdomen, f)""" ; length of tegmina, 10"™; width of same, 3.5'""; length of femora (some- what doubtful), 2"'"'.
Ciiagrln Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, W. Denton.
ApIIANA ROTUNDIPENN18.
PI. 6, Fig. 27.
Aphana totHitdtpenHit Sciidd., Bull. U. 8. Gool. Geogr. Siirv. Torr., IV, 772 (1878).
This name is proposed for a couple of wings which seem by their obscure venation to belong in tlie same group as the last. They differ, how- ever, in Iiaving a strongly bowed costa, which is curved more apically than near the base, and continues very regularly the curve of the well-rounded apex ; the commissural border is perfectly straight ; the principal veins fork near the b.ase, so that there are a number of longitudinal veins a short dis- tance therefrom ; no transverse veins are uiscernible, nor oblique veins at the costal margin, but the longitudinal veins all fork at a similar distance from the apex, so that the apical fifth of the wing is filled with still more numerous longitudinal veins ; the tegmina are broadest just beyond the middle.
Length of tegmina, 6.7.5""" ; breadth of same, S""".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. IT.'i (F. C. A. Rich- ardson), 4187 (S. H. Scudder).
LYSTRA Fabricius.
The specimens that are i»laced liere are very obscure and imperfect, and when better ones are ob'iiined the species will very probably have to be removed elsewhere, and perliaps even to another subfamily ; but what can be made out reminds one of this group as well as of any other, and they are therefore placed here provisionally, though it is plain that they do not belong together. No fossil species besides these have been recorded.
Table of Ihe ipecita of Lystra.
Lateral sulci of mesonotiini parallel 1. L. richard*mi.
Lateral Hiilci of nicsonotiim posteriorly convurgout 'i. L. leti.
HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTBRA— PULGORINA.
283
1. LySTRaI RICIIARD80NI. PI. 6, Figs. 24, 30, 31 ; PI. 7, Figs. 1, 3. lyttrat richardtoni Hciidd., :inh. U. S. Qool. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 772 (1878).
I have before nie a number of specimens of a large fulgorid, appar- ently belonging near Lystra and Poeocera, but which have been preserved only in a fragmentary condition. Enough, however, remains to show several features : the vertex between the eyes is half as broad again as the eyes, and at least as long as broad, projecting beyond the eyes by more than the diameter of the latter and well rounded. The scutellum is large, fully as long as broad. The longitudinal veins of the tegmina are rather infrequent, forking rarely, and even toward the apex seldom connected by cross-veins ; apparently all the principal veins branch at about the same points, viz, near the middle of the basal and of the apical hsilf ; the tegmina somewhat surpass the abdomen. The body is broadest at the second or third abdominal segment, and tapers rapidly to a point, the segments being equal in length.
Length of body, 16"""; probable lengUi of tegmina, 15.5°""; breadth of abdomen, 5.5""".
Named for one of the earliest collectors of Green River fossil insects, Mr. F. C. A. Richardson.
Green River, Wyoming. Eleven specimens, Nos. G7, 119 (F. C. A. Richardson), 40, 41, 109 (L, A. Lee), 121, 123 (A. S. Packard), 407(5, 4207 and 4208, 4212, 4217 (S. IL Scudder).
2. Lystra? leei. PI. 7, Fig. 2.
A species is indicated of about the same size and general form as L. richardsoni, preserved so as to show a dorsal view with the greater part of at least one of the diaphanous tegmina and the thorax, but not the head nor other appendages. The mesonotum was broad and well rounded in front, contracted behind, nearly twice as broad as long, with the interior third of each lateral half separated by a straight oblique sulcus from the parts with- out, as deep as the median sulcus, and apically curving abruptly inward to it; scutellum moderately large, truncate basally, triangular and almost equiangular, the apex produced finely to a point, the sides sliglitly concave.
284
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Tegmina somewhat surpassing the abdomen, the longitudinal veins in general much as in L. richardsoni. Abdomen much as there.
Length of fragment, 11. S"""; probable length of body, 10"""; length of tegmina, 10.25"""; breadth of abdomen, 6.25""'.
Named for Prof Leslie A. Lee, of Bowdoin College, a diligent collector of Green River fossil insects.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 119, Dr. A. S. Packard.
FULGORA Linnd.
The species placed here are so referred only because, appearing to belong to the subfamily of which this is a typical member, they can not be more definitely placed. No other fossil insects have been referred to this place.
FULGORA GRANULOSA. PI. 0, Fig. 35. Fulgora granvloia Scwld., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 771-772 (1878).
A single specimen and its revertio show only the thorax and abdomen of an insect belonging to th« subfamily of Fulgorida, but of which little more can be said. The thorax is largo, globose, and black ; the scutellum is about half as large as the thorax, longer than broad, and rounded at the apex ; the abdoiiicn tupera gently, its apex about half as broad as its base, and is provided with a pair of overlapping, black, roundish, oval plates, giving the appearance of an additional segment, T!ie surface of the thorax and abdomen is thickly and uniformly granulate with circular, dark-edged elevations, averaging 0.04""" in diameter; the scutellum lacks this nitarking, excepting at the edges, which are more minutely and profusely granulate.
Lengtli of body, H-.V"'"; of thorax, 2.7.'')'"™; of scutellum, 1.4""; of appendages,!"""; breadtli of thorax, 2..')"'"' ; of scutellum, 1.2.5"" ; of second segment of abdomen, 2.2"'".
Green liiver, Wyoming. One 8])ecimen, Nos. 49 and 131 (F. C. A. Richardson).
FULGORA POPULATA. PI. 7, PiiJ. 1«.
The dorsal view of a headless insect with overlapping wings but no other appendages. The mesonotuuj is transverse, alsout three times as broad as long, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly broadly rounded so as to be
HBMIPXEUA— UOMOPTEUA— FULUOUINA.
285
only one-fourth as long on the sides as in the middle, the surface smooth or microscopically scabrouK, with exceedingly scattered, pale, circular spots or pustules about O.Oli""" ii\ diameter. Scutellum large, nearly as broad as the mesonotum, and almost three-fourths as long as broad, the sides sligittly concave, the apex produced and pointed, the surface similar to that of the pronotum but with fewer pustules. 13ase of the togmina and particularly of the clavus apparently very finely granulate, the neuration obscurely preserved, the tegmina apparently just reaching the tip of tlie abdomen.
Length of fragment, 7""" ; of mesonotum, 0.6'"'" ; breadth of same, 1.7""" ; of abdomen, 2.S'"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. Ill, Dr. A. S. Packard.
FULGOKA OBTICE8CEN8. PI. 19, Fig. 1.
A small specimen appearing to belong in this subfamily, though cer- tainly not in Fulgora, in wliicli it is placed only in its ancient broad sense. A dorsal view is presented, showing little besides the body and some of the veins of the tegmina, which reached to the extremity of the abdomen. The head was half as broad as the thorax. The thorax was large and rounded subquadrate, the scut .Hum also large and rather bluntly angled posteriorly, the abdomen lighter colored than the rest of the body and conico-fusiform with broad, pale incisures. The fore legs were slender and linear, and the longitudinal veins of the diaphanous tegmina rather distant with scanty cross-veins.
Length of body, 4°°'" ; greatest breadth, 1.25"°.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 12069.
Subfamily DICTYOPHARIDA St&l.
A considerable group of mostly tropical forms, of which the only known fossil species are those mentioned below.
DICTYOPHARA Gormar.
Two species of Pseudopliana Burmeister, regarded by Stal as the same as this genus, have been described from the European Tertiaries, one from immature specimens in amber, the other a winged insect from Oeningen. The species added below is placed in this genus as typical of Dictyopha-
r,ii
286
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
rida, to wliich tho insect appears to belong. The genus is now confined to warm countries, hut is found in both worlds. Heer compares tho Oeningen fossil to a species found living in Georgia.
DiCTYOPHABA BOUVEI. n. 21, Fig. 10.
A pair of specimens, lioth seen upon a side view, whicli appear to belong together. Head not protuberant in front of the eyes, well rounded. Kosti um reaching to the base of the posterior legs ; it is poorly represented oi) the plate in a too curved line. Dorsum of thorax well arclied. Legs moderately long and of medium stoutness. Tegmina four times as long as broad, surpassing a little the length of tho body, rather slender and sub- t'lpial, the apex subucuto, obliquely Kubtruncato below. Wings ample, the veins of the anal area divergent, arcuate, apically distant, the outermost, falling on tho border at the middle of the apical half of tho wing, narrowly and very deeply forked.
Length of body, 14™"' ; height of same, 4.5""" ; length of tegmina, 12'""' ; breadth of .samo, 3'""' ; length of rostrum, 45'""'.
Named for tlio Boston geologist, Tliomas T. Uouvd, Esq.
Florissant Two specimens, Nos. 126, 4348.
Snblnmily CIXIII>A Stal.
About a third of the fossil Fulgorida^ of Europe have been referred to this subfamily. They are all from amber and are considered as species of Cixius. To this we can now add from American rocks twelve species of at least five genera, three of them, Oliarites, Diaplegma, and Florissantia, regarded as extinct types. They all belong in tho vicinity of Cixius and Oliarus, and one of tliem, Diajdegma, has as many as seven 8i)ecies. The modern species of this group api)ear to be world wide in distribution.
CIXIUS Latreille.
To this genus as typical of the subfan)ily only two forms are here placed, whifii can hardly belong in the same generic group. Many fossil .specie."} are known in amber, but none from tho rocks have before been referred here. Both the species here described and figured are very imper- fect.
HEMIPTERA— riOMOPTERA— FULOOUINA.
287
ClXIUS? HE8PERIDUM.
PI. 6, Fifj. 19.
Cixiuir ketptridum Sondd., null. U. S. Gool. Ouogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 77!t-77:i (1M78).
A single fragment, repreHoiiting h nearly perfect tegnion, with obscure venation, is probably to bo referred to Cixius, but is unsatisfactory ; the costal border is gently and regularly convex, the tip well rounded, with no projecting apex ; the togmen appears to increase very slightly in size to a little beyond the middle, up to which point the borders are nearly parallel ; the course and branching of the nervures, so far as they can be made out, seem to indicate an insect allied to Cixius, but no cross-veins can be seen
Length of tegmen, G.2""" ; its greatest breadth, 2Iy""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 3H, F. C A. Richardson.
Cixius? pkoavus. PI. 19, Fig. 14.
An insect apparently allied not distantly to Florissantia elogans and but little smaller than it, but with considerable difference in the nouration of the tegmina. The head is not preserved, l)ut must have been at least as narrow as there, the thorax being transverse but triangular and longer than in Florissantia, although its apex is angularly emarginate, x'eceiving the broadly angled base of the very large, otherwise triangular scutellum, which has a fine mesial sulcation. Tegmina siu'passing the abdomen moderately, with no j)tero8tigma, the first cross-veins, at which the longitudinal veins are forked and new cells arise, crossing the middle of the apical two-thirds of the wings, beyond which point the longitudinal veins run unforked to the margin, so that there are but a basal and an apical sei'ies of cells, the latter, about eight in number, striking the apical margin ; there a))pear to be a few dusky spots in the middle of these a])ical cells.
Length of body as preserved, 10"""; breadth of same, 3.7.'')""" ; length of tegmina, 10.5™"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. l.TO.'), Princeton Expedition.
OLIARUS Stal.
A single species is referred here provisionally to indicate its apparently nearest alliance among living forms. The genus has never been found fossil, but all of the known fossil Cixiida are nearly allied to it
288
TERTIARY IN8K0T8 OF NORTU AMBttlCA.
OlIAKUH? LUTKN8I8. PI. 7, Fig. 18.
Tho HpocioH placud lioro proviHioiially can uortaiiily not belong here, as the Hcutelhnn ih only tricurlnate, and the veintt of the te^^ntina are Hmooth and contuinonH. Kvidently, however, it comes near it, to judge from the course of the venation. The head, of which only tho part lying between the eyes is preserved, is very small and narrow, little prominent ; the thorax, not properly shown in the plate, transverse, ecpial, short, angularly bent, so that tho base of the scutellum being almost as strongly angulate as its tip, the scutellum is diamond-shaped ; it has three very delicate carinic, the lateral ones divergent. The tegmina are three times as long as broad, con- siderably surpassing the abdomen, diaphanous, with a dusky roundish spot just below the costal edge in the middle of the apical two-thirds ; just before it tho main longitudinal veins first fork and are united by cross-veins in a zigzag maimer, and they again fork and are to sonie extent again united half way from hero to the tip.
Length of body, «"'"' ; breadth of scutellum, 1.75""" ; length of tegmina, 7.25""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 112, Dr. A. S. Packard.
Possibly in this vicinity should bo placed the wings figured, PI. 7, Fig. 10, which from their obscurity an«l because of their being longitudinally folded I am unable to i)lace definitely.
DIAPLEGMA gen. nov. {fiictTrXey fta).
This name is given to an extinct group of Cixiida allied to Cixius and Oliarns with peculiar ncuration. The insects are small and slender bodied, with protuberant, pointed head, arttennai apparently nmch as in Liburnia, a genus of Delplmcida, long and slender legs, and elongate wings largest in the middle of the apical half or even third, with strongly and regularly rounded apex. The sutura clavi is very long, arul tho anal veins unite in one far before their tip ; the radial vein forks near the middle of the wing, and each of tho forks sends at its tij) a cluster of two or three curved inde- pendent branches to the costal margin far out ; the two ulnar branches, which separate (dose to the base of the wing, usually fork farther out than the radial, the upper branch of the fork of the upper ulnar vein just striking
IlKMIPTKUA— IIOMOPTKIIA— KITLdORINA. 289
tliu apox of tliu wing, tliu l«)wur hrancli urOnHiiig tliu iippur brunch of tho fork of tlio lowor ulnar vuin and ri>f(»rkin<; lK)twoon tho forki4 of tho hitter in n Honiowliat pucniiar inannor, HornutinicK ronnertud by croHH-vuinH to tho ](»w<>r brunch of tlio htwur uhiar fork ; tho lowor uhmi* Itranch forkH a little earlier than thu upper and dir(*ctly oppoHito the end of the united anal veiiiH. Venation of hind win;rH ho fur as Hoen a good deal aH in Ci.xiuH, but the forking of the upper veins lieyond the croHH-veiuM \» 8o deep uh to run fairly tip to the«e oroHH-veinH.
Seven Hpeuies are reeogin'zed in our 'I'ertiary depoHitH.
Table of Iht ipeiiiet of Diuiilrgma.
The t' 'I nmiii lirmioliDii of the ulnar vein fjrkInK illHtliiutly fitrthitr out than the flrnt radliil rnroation.
Aihcal. ritiliikl, iinil iiltiur vehilotii reiiuhinif the niur){li>. twi'lvii in nnnihvr 1. I), haldemanl.
Apival, railiikl, uml nliiitr velnlnlii reurliinK tli» niitiKln not ovurten In nunil'or, Upper nliiitr hriknuh diNtlnctly tlUtnrhud in cnnrNo at its llrHt fnriMition.
Kppxr rori( of Inwer nlnitr v(*in paiwing in noontlnnouk nn<l regular curve iiuroNii tlie upper
ulnar lirniiohei tn the nmrKin 'i. H. reteraiceiit.
Upper forlc of lower ulnar vein iuterrnpteil in itit reguhtr oouriio when it nieutN the upper
ulnar liranchta II. />, ahiluotum.
ITpiHir ulnar liriinoh witli itH upper fork makiuK u eonllnuouN or alinoHt oonlinuouH line, nnile- viatlng in conrite.
'lV)(nilnn nearly three tInieH aH long ait liruad 4, />. retierabilt,
Te((niina nearly or iinile four tIniuH nit lonK ait broad,
CroHH-veinN uniting the nltiar lirancheit eonsiderably farther from tho apex of the wing
than the breadth of the win){ where tliuy iieunr 5, 0. occullorum,
CroK.t'VeinH nnitliiK the ulnar lirunvhoN only an far from the apex of the wln({ at the
whitli of the wiuK where tliey ouoiir <>. D. ruinoiiim.
The lower ulnar vein forkiu); alnioitt exactly oppoHlte tho furcation of the radial 7. D. olidormUum.
1. DiAPLKOMA HALDKMANI.
The antennic are about as long as the tricarinate scutelluin. Tho teg- minn are alxmt three and a half times longer than broad, with very straight costa, largest in the middle of the apical third, scarcely narrt>wing baseward The radial vein forks exactly at the middle of the wing, the lower ulnar l«ranch at 8(»nio distance beyond; the upper radial branch is two, the lowor three forkitd, since the first of its forks again subdivides. Opposite the furcation of the upper radial branch the upper ulnar branch forks widely, its tipper branch, an tinusital circumstance and perhaps individual, forking narrowly, its lower crossing to the center of the l(»wer ulnar fork, where it divides in two, the upper branch again forking, but there is no connection with the lowernutst ulna'" nervule.
Length of body, 4"'"'; of tegmina, 4.1.5"""; width of same, I.IS'""; leugtli of fore tibi.-v, 1"""; tarsi, 0.4;")"'™. VOL xm 19
290
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOIITII AMERICA.
In memory of the pioneer American naturalist and pliilologiHt, the hite Samnel Stehman Haldeman, Esq.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2237.
2. DiAPLEOMA VETERASCENS.
There is but a single specimen of this species, but in it one of tlie teg- nnna is admirably preserved. These are a little niore than three tiinos as long as broad, broadest in tlie middle of the apical half, before which they narrow very regularly and very gently, and beyond which the apex is rather sharply rounded. The radial vein first forks at just about the middle of the wing, the lower ulnar at some distance beyond it ; there are three clustered forks to the upper radial, two to the lower, and the cells formed by them are rather slender though short. Tlie upper ulnar branch and its upper fork are distinctly bent where they join, and the lower fork crosses to the center of the lower ulnar fork and there divides in two, without con- tinuing to the lowermost ulnar nervule.
Length cfbody, 4 a'"'" : tegmina, 4.2"""; width of same, 1.3°"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. lOGSO.
3. DiAPLEOMA ABDIJCTUM.
PI. 1.'., FiR. 8.
The tegmina of this speciiis are less than tlu-ee and a half times longer than broad, very unitorinly rounded at the a})ex, the costal and inner bor- ders almost exactly ])arallel in the outer half before the tip and sti'aight. The radial vein first forks at just about the nn'ddle of the wing, the lower ulnar scarcely before the end of the middle tli'rd ; there are three clustered forks to the U|)|)er radial, the last one very strongly arcuate at base, but not connected ]»y a cn»ss-vein to the lower radial, which has two forks, and all their cells are short l)ut slender. 'I'he relation f>f the ulnar branches to each other is ix'culiar: the upper ulnar branch is simply, synnnetrieally, and n MTowly forked as far beyond the end of the middle third of the wing as the lower ulnar before it ; the adjacent forks of the two branches are now united by a cross-vein innnediatcly beyond the furcation of the n]>per ulnar, the two forks arc angulated at the point of touch, and this cross-vein, slightly shifted outward, runs as a longitudinal vein through the niiddle of
nEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— PULGOBINA.
291
the lower ulnar coll, and is apparently united, immediately after its depart- ure, to the lowermost ulnar branch by a croas-vein parallel to the base of the upper fork of the lower ulnar branch.
Len<,'th of body, 4.8""" ; tegmina, 4.1™'" ; breadth of latter, 1.25""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 319.
4. DiAPLEGMA VENEBABILE.
Two specimens of this species snow, one a side, the other a dorsal, view. The tegmina are nearly three timas as long as broad, the costal bor- der more than usually arcuate, wliich has the effect of shortening the wing. The radial vein first forks well before the middle of the wing, and the lower ulnar branch only a little beyond the middle ; the upper radial is three, the lower two-branched, the cells made by them moderately broad. The upper ulnar vein runs in a straight line to the apex of the wing, and oppo- site the first fork of the upper radial branch sends a cross-vein to tlie upper fork of the lower ulnar branch, crossing it and emitting in the middle of the cell of the latter acoupleof approximated veins, running longitudinally, but it can not be seen to continue to the lowermost fork of the ulnar.
Length of body, .3.7.5"""; of tegmina, 3.7'"'"; breadth of same, 1.2™"; length of hind tibiiv, 1.3.')'""'.
Florissant. Two specimens, Noa 2161, 4824.
5. DiAPLEGMA OCCULTORUM.
The fore femora laterally mesially carinate. Tegmina nearly four times as long as broad, slightly broader on the apical than the basal half The radial lnMiiches just below the middle of the wing, its branches rather distant, the upi)er three, the lo\/er two-branched, striking the costal margin over a little more than the apical fourth of tlio wing. The ulnar veins divide close to the base of the wing and scarcely diverge, the upper braiu'h exactly midway bijtwoen the lower branch and the radial vein, and scarcely or not at all disturbed in riiiuiing straight to the apex, its lower member act- ing more as a <!ross-vein, about opposite the tip of the sutura clavi, uniting it to the up})er fork of the lower branch, and crossing in a bent arcuate line to the lower fork, omitting midway and approximately two sul)forks, and then bending upward continues distinctly to the lower fork. All the veins with long, distant, stiff hairs a little farther apart than the length of the hairs.
292
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Lenjrth of body, 4.2"""; teginimi, 3.8"™; breadth of aame, 1"""; length of fore femora, l"™; fore tibue, 1"""; fore tarsi, O.G""",
Florissant. T'lree specimens, Nos. 2706, 5394, 7326.
6. DiAPLKUMA KIJIN08UM.
A single specimen and its rever.se jjreserved on a side view represent this smallest species of Diaplegma. A portion of the nenration is obscure, but it is otherwise in good condition. The vertex projects but very slightly beyond the eyes. The tegniina are four times as long as broad, the veins heavily haired, the hairs generally set nearer together than their length. The forks of the radial branches are exceptionally short and broad, and the cross-veins uniting the ulnar branches unusually far out. almost farther out than the bas«l fork of the upper radial branch ; radial lirst forking at about the middle of the wing. Hind tibijie and the basal two joints of hind tarsi armed beneath with Ji pair of stout, not very long, black-tipped spines; first joint of tarsi equaling the next two, the middle one very l)rief.
Length of body, 3.7;")'""'; tegmina, 4.3"'"'; width of same, 1.0.5""": length of fore femora, 1.2"""; tibiiv, O.S"""; tarsi, 0.45"'"'; hind femora, l.!™"'; tibiii", 1.5"'"; tarsi, 0.9""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. Gil and 4558.
7 DlAPLEGMA OBDORMITUM.
The specimen re))re.senting this species is not so well and continuously preserved as the otiiers of the genus, but ditl'ers from them in one or two important points. The tegmiiia are .slightly more than three times longer than broad; the most ])e»'uliar feature is the late division of the radial vein, which is only at a distance from the tip etjual to the breadth of the wing, and almost exactly opposite the normal division of the lower ulnar branch or opposite tlu' tin of *iie anal vein, while the arrangement of the subordi- nate reticidation and iVrcation of the ulnar area is almost the same as that of 1) occiiltorum. The l)roken state of both wings does not certainly show how the radial vein is divided, which it would be interesting to know on acciKuit of its early character; but it would appear as if the tip of the uppermost ulnar fork curved upward, which with the late furcation of the radial and the absence of any bra idling in the area preserved would indi- cate that its ultimat(> l)ranches mii b(* many fewer than in the other species. Length of i),»dv. r"; t(!gniiiia. 4"""; breadth of same, 1.25""". Green lliver, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 127, Dr. A. S. Packard.
IlEMiriliKA— HOMOPTEBA— FULGORINA.
293
OLIA RITES gen. nov. (Oliarua).
This name is proposed for an insect formerly placed by me in Mne- mosyne, one of the Dictyopharida, but which a renewed ^tudy seems to show to belong in the vicinity of Oliarus, among the Cixiida. The head was apparently not more than half as broad as the thorax, perhaps much narrower. The thorax was transverse, equal, arcuate, into which the pretty large subtriangular scutellum with its convex base fitted. The tegmina were wholly dia ^'nanous, very greatly surpassing the abdomen, enlarging apically with slight, fine, but smooth and in no respect arenaceous veins, all the longitudinal veins connected near the middle of the wing, but not in a line, with the cros.s- veins, at or beyond which each of them 'forked to a greater or less extent, the forks, at least in the upper half of the wing, upcurved on approaching the margin, where they are again forked and united by many cross-veins, so that the wing becomes weakly reticulate shortly before the margin.
Olurites tebrentula. PI. 7, Fig. 17.
Mnemosyne terrentula Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 773 (1878).
A single specimen is preserved, with an indistinct body, broken in front, and the greater part of one of the tegmina. The body is moderately broad ovate, the tip of the abdomen rounded and slightly produced. The tegmina are regularly enlarged toward the apex and rounded at the ex- tremity, not at all truncate ; the interior branch of the radial vein forks near the middle of the wing, and just beyond the first snbapical transverse vein ; both its branches fork before they have passed more than half-way to the marginal row of elongate cells.
Estimated length of body, ()..')"•"' ; breadth of same, 2.25""" ; length of tegmina, 7'"'" ; breadtli of same, 2.25°"" ; their extent beyond the abdomen, 2.2'""'.
Green River, Wyoming One specimen. No. 31'' (F. C. A. Richardson).
FLORISSANTIA gen. nov. (Florissant, nom. loc).
This interesting genus appe.ars to be allied to Cladodiptera, with very nearly the same general neuration of the tegmina, but differs strikingly from it in the much narrower head. The head is only half as broad as th a
294
TERTIARY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
thorax, and, as viewed above, the eyes make up one-half of this narrow part ; the front projects abruptly in front of the eyes by one-third their length, is well rounded anteriorly with brief ]):irallel sides ; the eyes are moderately larjje, not very tumid. Tiie thorax is transverse, arruate, equal, short; the scutellum very larjje, triangular, pointed, with nearly straight but slightly arcuate sides, attenuating the apex. Legs sleiuler, the hind tibiie armed externally with three distant prominent spines. Tegmina membranous, ample, the longitudinal veins first forking about the middle of the wing, the radial here dividing into two branches, which throw many apical branches to the costal margin at and beyond a pterostigma ; the ulnar branches, a little farther on, subdivide into many forks, connected at their origin by cross- veins, and most of these forks, without another series of cross-veins (such as occur in Cladodiptera), again divide shortly before the apex. Abdomen broad, abruptly tapering apically to a bluntly pointed tip.
A single species is known.
Florissantia kleoans. PI. 19, Pig. 12.
Two specimens with their reverses present a very fair vie'v of this delicately veined insect, but the one figured does not show the head. The body, shaped like that of a diminutive (>icada, is of a uniform dark color with pale abdominal incisures; the thorax is minutely and distantly punc- tate ; the .scut(;llum finely sulcate down the middle ; the legs are slender and apjjarently longitudinally streaked with pale, and the tibial spines are black. The tegmina are alnnit three times as long as liroad, the j)terostigma situated just before the middle of the apical half, rounded, subcpuulrate, a little longer than deep ; the cross-veins uniting the longitudinal sei'ies are mostly oppo- site the proximal end of the pterostigma, and the apical forks of the longi- tudinal veins are about as long as the pterostigma.
Length of body, 12..')""°; breadth at base of abdomen, 4.6'""'; breadth of head between the eyes, 0.8.")"'"' ; length of tegmina, 1 2.25"'"' ; hind femora, 3"""; hind tibia-, .')..")""".
Flori.ssant. Two specimens, Nos. 1.104 and LTf)!, 1.783 and 1.789, rrinceton Collection.
HEMIPTEltA— HOMOPTEUA— FULGOEINA.
295
Subfamily DELPHAOIDA Stal.
The only European fossil insect hitherto referred to this group is a species from Aix referred by Curtis to Asiraca, to which seven years later Giebel gave the specific name tertiaria, and Heer that of obscuruni, refer- ring it to Cicadellites, one of the Mcntl . acida. In America, besides an obscure species referred to Delphax, we have an extraordinary insect, with a very strange type of neuration, from British Columbia.
DELPHAX Fabricius.
A single fossil has been referred to this generic group, but only in its wide sense as typical of the subfamily.
Delphax senilis.
PI. 5, Fig. 95.
Delphax senilit Sciiild., Bull. U. S. Qeol. Qeogr. Snrv, Terr., Ill, 700 (1877).
A fairly preserved specimen with spread wings, but with almost no characteristic sculpture. The head and exjjosed part of thorax are blackish ; the rest of the body and the wings, especially the tegmina, dusky. The head is less than half as broad as the thorax and short. The thorax is broad and rounded, and the body nearly equal, though enlarging slightly posteriorly. The tegmina are slightly narrower and considerably longer than the body, equal, and at the tip broadly rounded ; they show no trace of neuration, but the preservation of the whole is perhaps too obscure to expect it. The wings are a little shorter than the tegmina, crumpled and folded, and show a few longitudinal veins, and others, which, from the nature of the preservation, can not be traced. Legs and appendages of the head are wanting.
Length of body, 2""" ; tegmina, 2.4""'.
White River (probably Chagrin Valley, Colorado; possibly Fossil Cafton, Utah). One specimen, W. Denton.
296
TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NOKTII AMEUIOA.
PLANOPHLEBIA Sciuldor {7r\dyo?, <pX^ip).
Planophlebia Somld., Hop. Progr. tJmil. Siirv. Can., H77-187d, », 1H5-180 (l(J7l»).
This name is proposed for ii genus of Fulgorina apparently belonginfr to tlie Delpliacida, but ditferinjr from all Homoptera I have seen in the remarkable trend of the principal veins of the tej^niina, nearly all ofwhichi and certainly all the branches of the radial, as well as most of the branches of the ulnar vein, terminate upon the costal margin, the costal areole being very brief, or less than one-third the length of the tegmina. The radial vein branches very near the base of the teguiina, and its lower branch again a very little way beyond, all three of the branches running in a straight course parallel to one another, and embracing at tip the middle third of the margin. Tlie ulnar vein forks near the outer branching of the radial vein, the upper branch soon dividing again, the lower dividing beyond the middle of the tegmina, all the branches running parallel to those of the radial vein.
I know of no homopteron the veins of whose tegmina trend as in this genus; indeed it appears to be quite abnormal in this particular. Nor can Mr. Uhler, to whom I submitted a drawing, find any form whose branched veins run toward the costal margin ; but I have in vain attem})ted to believe that I have interchanged the two margins of the tegmina In point of neu- ration the tegmina approach most closely, as Mr. Uhler has pointed out to me, to those of Amphiscepa bivittata (Say), but even from this it differs widely.
Planophlebia oioantea.
PI. 2, Fig. 10. rianojiklfbia gigantea 8<iuld., Kep. Progr. Gool. Siirv. Can., 1877-187ct, B, 186 (187l>).
The specimen is very fragmentary, consisting of an np})er wing, of which the whole of the costal border as far as the tip, and tlio basal half of the inner margin, can be made out ; but oidy three patches of the surface with its accompanying veins are preserved — a piece ne.xt the base, crossing tlie wing ; another near the middle, which crosses rather more tiian three- quarteis of it from the ct>stal margin backward ; and a greatly broken patch at the tipper half of the tip; but from tlie.se i)ieces nearly the whole of the nt'uration, as given in the generic description, can be determined. Tiie costal vein appears to be ibrketl do.se to the ba.se, with branches run- ning close and subpurallel to each other. There are five ])ranches of the ulnar vein, terminating above the middle of the apical margin of the teg-
HEMIPTKKA— nOMOPTEKA— FULOOKINA.
397
mina, but below that the veins are wholly obliterated. The sutura clavi must be very brief (as wo Hhould, perhaps, expect it to be in a wing with so short a costal areole), since no sign of it appears on the basal patch ; it must terminate before the branching of the ulnar vein. The tegmina are of very large size, the costal margin regulavly and gently arched, the inner margin almost straight, and the apex very regularly convex, at least on the upper half.
Length of fragment, 23.75™"' ; estimated length of the tegmina, 25°"" ; breadth in middle, 9.5""".
Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 77, Geo- logical Survey of Canada, by Dr. G. M. Dawson.
Subfamily ACHILIDA Stai.
No fossils have heretofore been referred to this subfamily, and it is with doubt that a single species from Colorado is here regarded as a mem- ber of it.
ELIDIPTERA Spinola.
A singte species doubtfully referred here has been discovered in the Oligocene of Florissant.
Elidipteka regularis. PI. 19, Fig. 13.
This curiously veined insect would appear to fall in the neighborhood of this genus. The whole of the neuration can not be made out, but the longitudinal veins are few and distant and apparently wholly unconnected by cross-veins until just before the apical margin where the cross-veins form, with apparently the tip of tlie radial nervure, a continuous vein which approaches the margin in the outer half of the wing, then curves and fol- lows subparallel to the outer margin, with wliich it is connected by equi- distant veins forming apical cells but little longer than broad, excepting at the costal margin, where the vein diverges from tlie border and the connect- ing veins become very oblique. The legs are slender, stiff, and straight, the hind tibitc unarmed, the hind tarsi delicately and very briefly spined at the tip of each joint.
Length of body, 4.25"'"; breadth, 1.5'""'; length of tegmina, 4""°; of hind tibiiv, 1.1'""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. I278''y.
398
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTD AMERICA.
SiibfUmily UICANIII>A Stal.
A speciua of Ricaniii Idih been described by Giebel from amber ; besides this the only fossils possibly referable to this {jroup are those n>en- tioned below, one of them of extraordinary character, so that in all proba-" bility it should more properly l)e referred to a distinct subfamily, so}j;roatly does it differ from all Fuljyorina in the multiplicity of the ])rincipal longi- tudinal veins at the base of the wing, the branching of the veins of the cinvus and the irregular reticulation of part at least of the corium.
HAMMAITERYX gen. nov. {a^na, Trripv/i).
Tegmina exceptionally broad, subtriangular, with strongly rounded apex, produced more above than below. Costal margin somewhat arched at the base, the costal vein distant from it, ruiniing into it considerably beyond the middle (where it turns rapidly upward), and connected with it by numerous oblique veins. Radial vein forked at the base of the wing, and each branch again dividing before the middle, all the offshoots of the upper and the upper offshoot.s of the U wer branch with a strong superior nrctuition at the tip of the costal vein, gi^'ing the wing a knotty aj)pearanco. Ulnar vein also divided at base, each of its branches immediately divid- ing and again a second time at or before the middle of the wing, while both radial and ulnar nervules still farther subdivide so that nudtitudiiious veinlets reach the border; they tire further united intimately by three series of cross-veins like the gradate veiidets of Hemerobidsc among Ncuroptera, but here subparallel to the outer margin, one .set, the weakest and short- est, in the middle of the wing, tiie second and third series on either side of the middle of the outer half, but distant from each other. The anal ai'ea is occupied by delicately and longitudinally branching veins, which nowhere tend to unite apically. • - •
Hammapteryx keticulata. PI. 0, Fig. .■J4.
A pair of tegmina of which only the upper third is shown in one of them, while the other is nearly perfect. The two outer series of cro.ss-veins are equidistant in the upper half of the wing, but below it approach each other by the gradual removal of the outci- away from the border, the middle series being parallel to the border in this part of the wing. Within this
II EM 1 1'TBBA— IlOMOl'TKB A— FULOOUINA.
299
■'
middle Hories of doHiiitoly nrran^ed cro88-vcina all tlio longitudinal veinu and their branches avo united by cross- vol ns all the way to the base; these are straight and transverse except between the costal and upper radial veins, where the wing is more or less reticulate. The wing is more or less fuligi- nous, with two small, faint, round, pale spotb on the costal border on either side of the curious arcuation of the veins.
Length of tegmina, 11.5""'; breadth, 6.3""°.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 117, Dr. A. S. Packard.
Subfamily FLAT IDA St&l.
Gravenhorst and Burmeister have both reported species of Flata as found in amber, but none were described or mentioned by Germar in Berendt's great work, neither have any been reported from the rocks. The genus Lithopsis, however, which I formerly regarded as one of the Tropi- duchida, appears to belong here, the two anal veins in the clavus being dis- tinctly separated throughout. I have now another species to add to that first described.
LITHOPSIS Scudder (A/'0o?, o^/?).
Lithoiisii SoHdd., Bull. U. 8. Gool. Oeogr. Siirv. Torr., IV, 773 (1878).
Body oblong, stout, and apparently cylindrical anteriorly, tapering and probably compressed posteriorly. Head broad and short, the front liv/t produced beyond the eyes, broad, transverse, very gently convex. The united thorax and scutellum of about eqiuil length and breadth. Teg- mina surpassing considerably the tip of the abdomen, two or three times as long as broad, beyond the middle barely tapering, the sides subequal, the apex roun'h^d, the costal margin gently convex; margino-costal area broad, broadening regularly toward the apex, and throughout its length traversed by very frecjuent transverse veinlets, which become more and more oblique toward the apex of the tegmina, where they are supplanted by the similarly close branches of the longitudinal veins ; these are united at the origin of the forks by transverse veins in continuity with the costa itself. The radial vein is branched at the base of the tegmina, the inner ulnar vein at some distance before the ntiddle of the wing, and both branches of this vein and the lower branch of the radial vein fork again at half the distance from the first fork of the inner ulnar vein to the tip of the wing, but they are not connected at this point by transverse veins. Wings as long as the tegmina.
300
TEKTIAUY INSKCTS OK NOKTII AMEUICA.
This (runiiH ruiuindrt ono of tlio South Amoriciin ^oiiuh AlceHtiH Still, hut diHerH decidudly iVoin it in tliu form of tlio to^riaina, the iibHenco of ohliquo inferior rnnuili to the inner ulntir vein, tlio coiirHo of the anal voinH, and the Hlriicturoof the head.
ruble of thu nprciti of lAthopiii.
T«|{iiiiiiit lem tlikti tlin'K t linen nit Idiik uh liroud I. L. flmhriala,
T«Kniiua iiiuru tbaii tbroe tiiiioit um h ng itH liriiuti it. L. tloHgata.
1. L1THOP8I8 KIHHRIATA. ri. 0, Fig8. 30, ;{7.
LUIinpiU /Imbriiila 8ciiil<I., Bull. U. 3. Unol. Ui<n'^r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 774 (1H78) ; in 2itt«1, Hand)). t\.
I'liliionI I, ii, 7HI, Fig. !)H9(lHfr.).
A t«)leraljly well-preserved Hpecimen, with ha reverse, together with the fnignient of a wing, are the ])rin(;i])al basis for this species. The vertex between the eyes is more than twice the width of the eyes, and is marked by a slight, median, longitudinal carina; the front of the vertex is nearly straight, does not protrude beyond the eyes, but is retracted next them, making it very broadly convex. The thorax is considei'ably broader than the head, but the condition of the specimens does not allow a more definite statement. The tegniina are the best preserved remains of the animal, being perfect, although somewhat obscure, partly from uie veins of the underlying wings ; they are more than two and a lialf times longer than broad, the costal margin, especially its basal half, ntoderately curved, the conniiissural margin almost perfectly straight, the apex slightly and obliquely subtruncate, so as to throw its well-rounded apex below the middle; near its extremity the mar- gino-costal field occupies more than a third of the breadth of the tegniina, being double its width near the Ijase ; the first branching of the inner uluar vein is as far from the apex of the tegmina as the second branching is from the base; and the third branching, where, and where only, the longitudinal veins are luiited by cross-nervure.s, is midway between the second branching and the apex ; clo.se to the apical margin there is an inconspicuous fourth series of furcations.
Length of body, 9""° ; of tegmina, !» 75""" ; breadth of the same in the middle, 3.65"'"' ; next the third branching of the longitudinal veins, 3.25""".
Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 143" (F. C A. Rich- ardson), 4185 and 41«}> (S. II. Scudder), 118 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
4
HKMIPTKUA-IIOMOI'TKKA— I'HJMJORINA.
801
2. LiTHOPHIH KLONOATA. PI. 6, FiR. 28.
A Hiiiglo Olio of tlio to^'iiiiia \h proHurved. It (lifFurH from that of tlio precodiiij'' HpecioH by Ita fur gruater Hlondurness, lining coiiHiderably iiionj than thrco timcH an long as broad ; tho costal margin i« strongly Hhouldi'i'od at the base, and boyond in very gently and faintly concave, the apex well rounded as in L fimbriata; the marginal area <>f final division of tho hmgi- tmliiial veins is relatively much broader than in the preceding species, and the principal veins are more longitudinal and less oblique.
Length of tegmina, !»'""'; breadth in middle, 2.7.^^.""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 1)0, Prof. L. A. Loe.
FICARASITP^S gen. nov. (Ficara.sa, iiom. gen.).
This name is given to an insect which apparent'y l)elongsin this family in the neighliorhood of Walker's genera Darada.x, K|»ora, and Ficarasa, and especially the last named, but from whose imperfect condition little more can be said. The costal area of the tegmina is narrow but supplied regularly with rather numerous obli(pie veins. The radial vein is scarcely branched, the ulnar divided near tho base of tho wing, the upper branch again in the basal half and both at the middle of the wing, beyond which there are further subdivisions ; cross-veins very few.
\
FiCARASITKS 8TIOMATICUM. PI. 6, Fig. 20.
The specimen representiii".;; this insect was so macerated in final depo- sition that the jiarts are separated, crumpled, and overlaid, an>l it is diffi- cult to make out tho whole of any one organ. Apparently the body and the tegmina were each about 10""" long. Tho latter were furnished with a very small blacki.sli fuliginous stigma at the tip of the costal vein at about the (id of the middle third of the wing ; the apical half of tho wing was abundantly supplied with cross-veins.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 144, Prof. L A. Leo.
.i'i
\
\-\
302
TKIITIAUY INHKcmS OP NOHTII AMKRICA.
i|i
I
Family JASSIDES Amyot-Serville.
With only iv Minjjlo oxci-ptioii nil tlio fosHil HpcrioH of tluH family tlint Imvo 1)0('M r(u*oj»'ni/(>(l in Tortiiiry (IcjMmitH of iiiiy l^iiiil liiivu boon dmwn from tlio Hiiltfamily JiiHsidii as Stiil noparatoH tliom. Tliirt Ih oqitally true wlion wo oxtoiid tlio ground to Amorica, wliirli pohmohsch half as many H|)oci(>ri as Kdi'opo, and Ih tlio nioro i'*>n)arl<al>1o Hinco thc^ McMnliracida, now Hni'h a provailin^T typo in North Amorica, is nowhoro tracod in tlio rocks, tlioMfjh in Knropo a siri^jlo Ooniiifjcn spocioH, imporft'ctly prosorvod, has boon roforrod lion* by Ilcor. So, too, tlio vast proportion of forms in both worlds bclonfj:* to the sorics allied to .Fassiis and Hythoscopiis, and not to that of wliioli 'IV'tfiffoiiia is tlio typo, so that tho rosoinl>lanot! of tho Tertiary fauna in tho two worlds is iiotsli;jht, tlioiij>'h tho samo gonera appoar rarely to bo proserved.
TKTTKiONIA Kabricins.
This ^jonns, oxcossivoly abundant in existinjf sjiocios, ospecially in the tropios of tho Now World, lias not boon rooofj^nizod in tho Teitiarios of Eiiropo. A sin},''lo spocios from Wliito Rivor, Colorado, has been referred bore, but its generic atHiiitios are wludly nnc(!rtain. Not so, however, with the ones now added from Green River, Wyoming, and Florissant, C»dorado, which are unmistakable members of the genus, at least in the broad sense in which Sigiiorot employed it. Their presence in Florissant and Wyoming is in keeping with the tropical or subtropical aspect of tho Tertiary insect fauna of these places.
Table of the upreien of TitUyonia,
I.i)ri;<'r Npcrii's; ti'i;inin:i iiriiainciitfil with n liroati (l»rk Imiid itrniiiid tlio apical iiinrKin but with iin
oroMN IidikIh I. T. princomargiHata.
Siiialhtr N|ii'ri*>N , li-jriiiiim with iio liron<l aiiii'iil iiiar^iiiiil bund but with iliNtinvl criiBN biiiidH,
I<;iN,'il lijiirnf ti':>iniiiii with a liriind, ilurk, niciliiiii Htrcjik its Piitiri* length 'i, 7°. priicotiurta.
Mcdiiiii Nlnuk nl' ti'Kiiiiint not fXtendiiiK bttyoiid tlir liiiHiil foiirtli :i, T. prinovaririjata.
.*, Till' rmirtli Hpi'c'ii'H, from ilH iin|i«rlut'tioii, iH not beru nf>l()d.
1. TkTTJGO.NIA IMM-SCOMAUaiNATA.
PI. 7, Fig. 4.
A single specimen and its reverse with partially expanded tegmina. A species is iiidiciiteil of about the size of our Aulacipos irroratus Fabr. sp., aiKi with a head of proljablv the same form. The head is scarcely shorter than the traii.sverse thorax, and the tegmina are fully three times as long U8
IlEMirTKKA-IlUMOI'TKHA— .lASHIDEK.
803
lirond. Tho siounition (1o»>h not hIiow chmrly ; tlioro U no diniiniitioii in brondtli lutfimt tlio riipidly roiiiidi'd ii|>ux ; tlio to^iuiMii ii|i|i(>iit' to liavo been cloiir and li^lit colored on tlio diHk hnt lm»adly olm(>nr(Ml at hum, at tlio niarjrins, ami alon^ tlio principal voinH, an<l on tlic apical third broadly niar((inc(l thron^lioiit with brownish t'nli^rintMiH, fading* gradually baHally. Lonjfth of head and thorax, 'AJ}""" ; tcgniinn, !>""" ; broadth of latter,
O 7r,min
Oroon Uivor, Wyoming. Ono Hpocinion, Nos. 34 and 35, Prof L. A Loe.
2. TeTTIOONIA I'KIHCOTINCTA.
r\. 10, v\g. ».
Head, as viowod froni abovo, roiindud, subtritingiilar, the front strongly convex, tho ocelli Hituated on the vertex, tho surface of the head and thorax uniform, tho Hcutelluni roundly angnlated liehind. Togniina barely njach- ing tho tip of tho ab(h>men, pale with bold dark markings, as follows : A broad sulH*<jual stripe foll'-ws tho outer edge of the sutura clavi to the mid- dle of tho wing, will. re it unites faintly with a narrow stripe which has fol- lowed the conunissural margin to tho tip of the sutura clavi and distinctly and broadly with a small round spot on the middle of the costal margin ; tho markings on tho outer half of the wing are somewhat irregular, but may best bo described as taking tho form of a broad and rude X, ono bar run- ning froni tho center of the wing, just out of contact with the basal mai'h- ings, to tho lower apex of the wing whoro the margin is clouded with fulig- inous, tho other crossing the whole wing oldiquoly and recurved on the costal margin. I do not fiiul any existing species with markings at all sim- ilar, the nearest approach being that of T. bella Walker from Silhet.
Length of body, 7.7r)""" ; breadth of head, 2"""; of abdomen, 2 5"""; length of togmina, C»""" ; breadth, 2"'™.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 7(!28, r299().
3. TkTTIUONIA I'KISCOVAKIEOATA.
A single specimen is preserved, of which only one of the togmina nmy certainly bo claimed for the species. This is very long and slender, three and a half times longer than broad, in tho apical fifth tapering rapidly to the rounded tip which is in the middle of the inner half of the tegmina ; it is |)alo with blackish brown markings, which consist, first, of a narrow mar-
il
304
TKltTIARY JNSECTS OF NOI'TEI AMKKICA.
|!!!
gill around the entire wing, broader on the costal than the inner margin, and, second, of a series of spots connected with the margin: a small quad- rangular spot longer than broad on tlio inner margin next the tip of the scutellar margin ; opposite it a corniform spot, its broad base seated on the outer margin, its curved apex directed baseward along the middle line ; across* the middle of the wing and bavely reaching either margin, with a slight obliquity from within o.itward and apexward a deeply incised sub- reniform spot, the out(M- half the larger ; and niidway between this and the apex a small elongate spot seated by its broad side upon the outer margin.
Partially overlain by this wing, but in any case out of normal relation to it, is a broad oval abdomen, on the opposite side of which is a very stout roundt'd fciinir, and attached to it a strong, curving, aj)ically enlarged tibia.
Length of fragment of the tegmina, 6.5""™; probable complete length «.f same, 7"""; breadth, 2"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 127, Dr. A. S. Packard.
4. Tkttioonia obtkcta.
PI. 5, VigH. 5.S, 50.
Teltigonia ohiecia Sciidd., Bull. K. S. 0«ol. Gtosr. Siirv. Torr., Ill, 7(U ^1877).
\ single specimen, with the merest fragments of wings and no legs, but otherwise pn'tty perfect, belongs, with little d()ul)t, to this family, although its generic affinities are decidedly uncertain. The head is not quite so broad as the body, bluntly angulated in front (at an angle of about one hundred and thirty degrees) ; the eyes are rather small, the beak stout and about as long ixs the head. The altdomen is moderately stout but long, tapering to a blunt tip; the segments, eight in number, growing longer apically, the seventh being twice as long as the second.
Length of body, 7.(!""" ; breadth of same, 2™'"; length of rostrum, (M;,V""'; dianict.T of eyes, 0.28""".
Chagriu Vaik-y, White Uiver, (Colorado. One specimen, W. Denton.
HY'I'IIOSCOPIIS Germar.
The .Miocene beds of Hadolxtj, Croatia, and tlm Oligocene strata of .\ix in Provence, as well as tlie anil)er deposits of the same age in Prussia, have each furnished a species of Hvthosciipiis, to wliich we can add one from tile presumably Oligocene shales of White River, Colorado.
HEMIPTEltA— HOMOi'TEKA— JASSIDES.
305
ByTHOSOOPUS LAPIDE8CEN8. P1.5, Fig. 94.
Byikoicoput lapidesceim Sciidil., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 761 (1877).
A single specimen, broken at the edge of a stone, and so preserving only the abdomen and part of the wings. The abdomen is long and slen- der, composed of nine segments, the extremity indicating that it hi a female. The wing (the tegmina appear to be entirely absent) reaches the tip of the abdomen, and the apical cells are from a third to nearly half as long r.'^ the wing, the upper the longer ; the apex is produced but rounded.
Probable length of body, .5.5"""; length of fragment, 3.5"""; breadth of abdomen, 1.5""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, No. 44'', W. Denton.
AG ALL! A Curtis.
To this genua, now found in both worlds, and never before found fos- sil, I refer several of Florissant species with little doubt, except that most of them are of too large size.
Table of the species 'of AgaUia.
Large HpccieR (body exceeding eight uiillimotei'M in lougth) ; a cross-vein uniting the radial vein tn the margin in tlie outer half of tim wing. Tegmina uioro than tliree times as long as broad.
Apical cells ul' tegmina twice as long as broad 1. A. lewisii.
Apical cells of tegmina only half as long again as broad 2. A. Jlacdda.
Tegmina less than three times as long as broad 3. J. instabitis.
Small species (body less than live millimeters in length) ; no cross-vein uniting the radial vein to the margin 4. A. abstructa.
1. Agallia lewisii.
PI. 10, Figs. 7, 21.
Head relatively small, narrower than the thorax by reason of the for- ward narrowing of the lattiT, broadly rounded. The thorax is very finely wrinkled transversely. Tiie tegmina are fully three times as long a^ broad, the costal margin broadly and pi-etty regularly convex but more rounded at the extremities than in the mithlle; the ulnar vein forks (and is united to the radial) at the end of the proximal third of the wing, and tlie latter runs into the costal margin a little before the tip, sending a cross-vein to the margin at about the middle of the apical half of the wing, opposite which a VOL xin 20
i
30G
TEUTIAUY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMEltlCA,
pair of elongated subapical cells are formed between the radial and upper ulnar veins by their union through a cross-vein shortly before the marginal cross- vein ; considerabK- more than half-way from this first-mentioned cross-vein to the apex of the wing cross-veins cut off the tour apical cells. The hind wings show in their upper half two forked veins united by a cross- vein opposite the middle of the cells thus formed, and the lower, similarly, to the siujple vein wiiich follows it.
The large size of the insect and its relatively small head make it some- what doubtful whether it should be retained in Agallia.
Length of body, 8.5""" ; tegmina, o.5""" ; hind femora, 2""" ; hind tibiae, 3.5°"".
In memory of the late lamented and talented geologist, Henry Carville Lewis, of Pennsylvania.
Floris.sant. Four specimens, Nos. 307, 8293 and 8725, 13582, and from the Princeton Collection, Nos. L801 and L805.
2. AOALLIA KLACCIDA.
PI. 19, Fig. 18.
This species is closely allied to the last, differing principally in the denser structure of the tegmina, in which the neuration less plaiidy appears, jind in the brevity and relative breadth of the apical cells. Tlie shape of the tegmina is the .same, being nearly equal throughout with broad apex, ill contra.st to the more oval form of the succeeding species; they are a lit- tle more than tinee times as long as broad, and the central apical cells are liardlv half as lony ajiuin as broad.
[..ength of body. 7.:^.")""" ; bn^adth of thorax, 2..")"""; length of tegmina, .").."»"•"; breadth, l.O.')"""; lengtii of hind tibia-, 3""".
Florissant, Colorado. Tlu'ee specimens, Nos. 78.08, 7^79, 10158
3. AoALLIA INSTABILI8.
PI. 21, Fi^'. 1.
This is a .stouter species than those whic-li have preceded, with rela- tively sliorter tegmina. A single specimen is preserved, with one of the tegmina expandet! Tlie extremitv of the abdomen lias disappeared, .so that the length of the animal (;aii not be determined, l>iit its great breadth can be seen by comparison with tiie width of the tegmina. The legs are slender.
'' ii
' '!
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEKA— JASSIDES.
307
The costal margin of the tegraina is greatly thickened and regularly and considerably arcuate, giving an unusually ovate shape to the whole, which is increased by the somewhat pointed though rounded apex. The tegmina, which are less than three times as long as broad, appear to be tenuous, and the veins, though not the sutura clavi, are ver}^ indistinct. The body is uniforndy dark and parallel- sided.
Breadth of body, 2.5"""; length of tegmina, 5 75"""; breadth, 2"'"'; length of hind tibise, 3.25'"'".
Florissant, Colorado. One specimen, No. 78.
4. Agallia abstkucta. PI. 19, Fig. 5.
Head as broad as the uniformly broad thorax. Tegmina barely extend- ing to the tip of the abdomen, long oval, almost three and a half times as long as broad, the costal border regularly and very little arcuate, the apex strongly convex ; the ulnar vein forks at the end of the proximal third of the wing, and the upper branch is immediately united by a recurrent cross- vein, longer than the pedicel of the upper ulnar, to the radial vein, the latter running into the margin not far before the tip but uniting with it by no cross-vein ; scarcely beyond the middle of the wing the radial and upper ulnar veins are united by a bent cross-vein, from the middle of which springs a veinlet, dividing the area between them, and at just about half-way to the tip all the veins are united by a transverse series of gradate cross-veins, beyond which the discontinuous longitudinal veins diverge, producing apical cells distinctly broader at the margin than at base
Length of body, 4,5"'"'; tegmina, 3.7"'"'; breadth of body, LS""; teg- mina, 1.1'""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 2658.
GYPONA Germar.
The only reference of a fossil to this genus is in my first mention of the Homoptera collected by Denton on the White River, as belonging to genera "allied to Issus, Gypona, and Delphax." Since then these have been described under the genera Aphana, Delpiiax, Tettigonia, and Bythoscopus. The one now descril)ed below is referred here only in a general and vague sense, as it is too ill preserved to speak of it with confidence.
308
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Gypona cinercia.
PI. 19, Fig. 4.
The head and thorax are decidedly darker than the abdomen, and the spread, but cruin[)led, elytra are scarcely visible as distinct from the color of tl'.e stone except for their slig'htly darker edges. The head is not more than half as broad as the thorax (which shows that it can not strictly fall into Gypona), with small and rather prominent eyes. Tlie e.ytra are very slender, extending beyond the abdomen, with only sliglit and feeble traces of neuration, and apparently very tenuous. The wings are a little shorter but broader, and so more ample.
Lengtli of body, 8.5""" ; tegmina, 8""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14229.
ir
JA8SUS Fabricius.
Two species of this genus have lieen described from the Prussian amber and several others (compared with different existing forms from those witli whicli the former were compared) have been indicated by Gravenhorst from the same source. It appears, however, not to have been recognized in the rocks, and the species here refen-ed to it is too imperfect to be sure of the correctness of the reference.
Jassus? LATEBR.£. PI. 20, Fig. 19.
The head has much the form of that of Jassus spinicornis from Prus- siiiii amber ; the thorax is very faintly and not very finely nor closely punc- tate; tile teimons and diaphanous iigmina extend a little way beyond the lip of the abdomen, and are apparently almost three tir...es longer than Itroad ; tliuy are traversed by rather distant longitudinal veins, of whicli five reach the a|)icul margin ; tlie character of their furcation and anastomosis ciin not be detenuined witli certainty, but wherever it can be traced appears to agree with the simpler types of, Jassn.s.
Length of body, 3.5'"™; breadth of same, 1.2'"""; length of tegmina,
•Minn
Florissant. Ono specimen, No. HfiSD.
HEMIPTEI:A— IIOMOPTKRA— .TASSIDES.
309
■r
TIIA^IXOTETTIX Zetterstedt.
No species of tliis genus have been hitherto recognized among fossil insects. The hirger species here described certainly behmg here or in the immediate vicinity, the neiiration of both tegmina and hind wings closely agreeing, as well as such other details of bodily structure as can be seen. The small species is placed here with more doubt, since it is too poorly pre- served to determine with any confidence.
Table of the specieg of ThamnoUttix,
Larfrer Hpeoies ; moro than tbren luillinintors in length.
Roliktivel.v stout Ixxlied, with togiuiua liaruly tbr«o times ax long as broad 1. T. mutilata.
Ki;lativuly slender bodied with tegmina considerably more than three times as long ns broad.
a. T. gannetti. Smaller species ; less than three millimoters in length 3. 2', fundi.
1. Thamnotettix mutilata.
PI. 7, Fig. C.
A single specimen is preserved, showing only a part of the head but the whole dorsal view of the rest of the body, with one of the tesrniina partly expanded. The body is long ovoid, very regular in shape with full abdomen, hardly pinched posteriorly, but with full rounded curve. The thorax is transverse, and the scutellum large for this genus, being if any thino a little longer than the thorax The tegmina are barely three times as long as broad, with interrupted dusky macul.'c along the outer half of the costal margin, and slight signs of the same along the inner margin. The hind tibia; are obscurely seen through the body, and appear as if very densely spined with excessively minute and short spines, very different in character from those of living types.
Length of body, 4..'55"""; breadth, 1.4"""; length of tegmina, 3.75"""; breadth, 1.25"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 73, Prof. L. A. Lee.
2. Thamnotettix gannetti. PI. C, Fig. 3;5 ; PI. 7, Fig. 5.
Two specimens, differing a little in size, seem to belong together, both preserved in a similar manner, showing a dorsal view with spread ti-giuina, and wings, though in one case part was covered when the plate was (h-rwn. The body is rather slender, tiie abdomen tolerably full, but pinched
I
310
TEHTIAKY INSECTS OP N iRTH AMKKICA.
npically, so that the lust two segments are much narrower than the preced- ing. Tlie transverse thorax, aa in the preceding species, is shghtly shorter than the unusually large scutellum. The tegmina are considerably more than three times as long as broad, the veins and cross-veins rather heavily marked ; there are four apical cells, which are more than twice as long as broad. The venation of the upper half of the hind wings (all that is pre- served) is precisely the same as that of T. simplex of Europe, excepting that the lower cross-vein is strongly oblique instead of tran>»verse.
Length of body. 3.3-4.1"""'; breadth of abdomen, 1.15-1.5"""; length of tegmina, 3.1-3,5 (?) """ ; breadth, 0.85-0.85 (?) """'.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 116, 120, Dr. A. S. Packard.
S^Thamnoiettix fundi.
PI. 19, Fig. 20.
Head roundly angulate in front, the thorax small. Tegmina slender, elongate, surpassing a little the abdomen, about three and a half times longer than bntad, the costal edge nearly straight, the longitudinal veins few, distant, and faint, the sub.stance of the wing being slightly coriaceous, or only partly diaphanous, as in our green and unicolorous living species.
Length of body, 2.85"'"'; tegmina, 2.(15™™; width of body, 0.85"""; tegmina, 0.75"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 3412.
OICADULA Zetterstedt
No fossil species of .Jassida have yet been referred to this genus, and the present reference of a somowhat obscure species is by no means definite.
ClCAUt^LA SAXOSA. PI. G, Fifj. 2«.
A species is indicated of about the size of our C sexnotata, but with more opaque tegmina. Only tiio part of the head between the eyes is pre served, giving it a more distinct and (piadrate appearance than would be otherwise the case; the front Is I'i-oadly rounded. 'Die tiiorax is mure than twice as broail as long and the po.sterior angle of the scut(;lluin is slightly more than a riglit angle. The tegmina are opaque, sI;owing scan-ely any veins, and these only longitudinal, tlujsuturaclavi terminating in the middle
HKMirTKKA— HOaIOI'TKKA— JAHSIDKS
311
i
of tlie apioil lialf ; they aro considerably more tlian three times as long as broiul, siilK!(|iiaI tliruiifjfl'out, with well rounded apex. The abdomen is long oval, largest about one-third way from base, tapering beyond to u bluntly pointed tip.
Length of body, 2.75™"' ; greatest breadth, 0.9""" ; length of tegmina, 'i..^""" , breadth, 0.75"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 114 and 126, Dr. A. i^ Packard.
ACOCEPHALUS Germar.
Heer has described two species of this genus from the Miocene beds of Radoboj, and two of our American fossils aro referred dubiously to the same group, though they differ considerably from each other in the general form of tht; body. H(*er's species, too, strictly interpreted, should be placed elsewhere, though they are certaiidy near Acocephalus.
Table of the ipeciee of Acocephalua.
Sleiidur HpncicH ; body inurt* than tlireti times U8 Inii}; ah broad I. A. ad(t.
Stout species; body less tlian three times us long as brond 2. A. calluaui.
1. Acocephalus ad.*;.
PI. 6, Fig. 29.
Aoocephatus adm Sciuld., Hull. IT. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 771 (1878),
Two specimens represent the body of apparently a species of Acoceph- alus. The head projects forward in a triangular form, is rounded at the extreme apex, a little broader than long, and nearly twice as broad between the small eyes as its length in advance of them. The body is slender, the abdomen slightly tapering, rounded at the apex. The tegmina extend a short distance beyond the body with parallel longitudinal veins.
Length of body, 5.25"""; breadth of head, l.-i'""'; of middle of abdo- men, 1.3™"'.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 72, 100, F. C. A. Rich- ardson.
2. ACOCKPIIALUS CALLOSUS. PI. 19, Fig. 15.
Although the figure seems to show a bluntly rounded head very uncharacteristic of Acocephalus, it evidently ^esult^^ from the mode of ))i('s- ervation, the body being crushed on a three-fourtlis view, obscuring tlic angularity of the front, which a careful exiimination of the specimen itself
312
TEKTIARY IN8E0T8 OK NORTH AMERICA.
Heoms to show. The eyo is Htnall, as there. 'I'ho tejriniim are liyaline, apparently reachhij^ about to the tip of tiio abdomen (tlio whole of whirh 18 not preserved, but can be readily restored in the main), »iiid has few 'on- gitudinal veinu connected, a little beyond the middle and aj^ain mor<t thar half-way to the tip, by serien of cross-veins. The lejjs are rather short anu moderately stout, the middle tibia- only half us lonjr ajjain as the tarsi.
Presumed length of body, (>.5""" ; breadth, 2.5'"'" ; lenj^th of tegmina, r).r>°"°; middle tibijc, 1.7'"'"; tarsi, 1.2""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 11307 and 14385.
JASSOPSIS gen. nov. (Jassus, nom. gen.).
Allied to Thamnotettix. The thorax is rounded subqundrate. as long as broad, 'Mid tiie sciitellum not more than half as long as the thorax. The veins of the tegmina are peculiar in that the radial parts from the costal vein and the ulnar vein from the sntura clavi at similar and very short dis- tances from the base ; there are but three apical cells.
A single species is known.
JaSSOPSIS EVIDEN8. PI. 19, FiK. 16,
The single specimen is preserved so as to show a dorsal view with the tegmina unequally ex[)aiide(l. The head is lost but was relatively narrow, to judge by tiie anterior tapering of the thorax. The body is V(My dark and uniformly so, tlie posterior angle of tlie scutellum a right angle. The tegmina were semiopaque, with tiie veins heavily marked, the sutiira clavi terminating in the middle of the wing; they are three and a half times longer tiian broad, and the costal margin is strongly arcuate, especially dis- tally, so that the apex falls at about the middle of the lower half of the wing and is roundly pointed ; cross-veins unite the principal nervures where tlio radial vein forks at about three-fifths the distance from the base of the wing. The abdomen is subconical, tapering pretty uniformly alino.st from the base, with pretty straigiit sides, the tip bluiiflv pointed.
Length of body (witiiout head), ."{.2'"'" ; breadth of abdomen near base, 1.1"""; leiigtii of tegmina, ;5'""'; brcadtli, ().«.")""".
Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 518^"
I il
HEMllTEBA— 1 lOMOPT K H A— J A88IDBS. CCKLIDIA Gertnar.
818
The only species of this group hitherto re|)ortefl fossil is one described below from British Colti.nbiii. To this we now add another species from Wyominfr. It is an American type best developed in the tropics, but not iinknown in the soutliern United States.
Table of the ipecien of Calidia.
TeKiuina lest) than three tiimw as loiiK us hroail i_ c. oolumlmna
Tegmlutt luoro tbau three ti luos as Uiiig as broad ..'.'.'.. ..'....'i. C. inyominaensis.
1. CffiLIDIA COLUMBIANA.
PI. 2, Fip. 13.
Calidia eolitmhiaim Soiitld., Kep. Progr. Gool. Siirv. Can., 1877-1878, 185H (1878).
A pair of tegmina, in which most of the venation can be made out, with a crushed body and crumpled wings, represent a species of Cojlidiaor an allied genus, witli rather broad tegmina. The veins of the tegmina are nearly parallel to the gently arcuate costal margin, are eciuidistant from one another, and are united by cross-veins near the middle of the apical half of the tegmina, the lower ulnar vein, which runs only a little below the mid- dle of the wing, forking at this point ; the upper of the apical areolets, how- ever, is considerably shorter than the others ; tin- two ulnar veins are united by a cross-vein in the middle of the basal half of the tegmina, while not far from the middle of the tegmina the ulnar and radial veins are similarly united. The tegmina do not taper apically, the extremity is rounded and obliquely docked, and the sutura clavi is short. The hind wings are pro- vided with an unusual number of cross-veins.
Length of tegmina, 8""" ; breadth, 3.2.5'^'".
Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 75, Geol. Surv. Canada,- Dr. G. M. Dawson.
2. CcELIDIA WyOMINOENSIS. n. 4, Fig. 8.
A dark ape.nes appears to be indicated, the head and thorax being black and the veins of the tegmina heavily marked with dark fulio-inous liio tegmina are well rounded, about three and a quarter times as long as broad, the costal margin regularly and pretty strongly convex ; the pedicel
P-.
i
314
TKKTIARY INHKOTS OF NORTH AMEUIHA.
of tlie upper iilimr branch Ih Hlij^htly Hliortor timn the cronH-voin iinitiii]^ it to tlio radiiil ; the I'iulial \n parallel to tliu (^xsta throii<rhout ; a seeoiid eroHS- veiii unitOH the radial and upper ulnar when^ the ftu'nier forkH, as far from the first oroHs-vein aH the width of the win<f, and the apical serioH of crosH- veins is half-way l)etwoen this now cross-vein and the apex of the win<^.
Length of tegniina as preserved, IJt"""; as restored, Sf)"""; breadth, 2.5"".
Twin Creek, Wyoming. One specimen, No. <>'', Dr. A. C Peale.
DOCIMUS gen. nov. {d<'Hi/ioi).
This name is proposed for an insect with somewhat remarkable neura- tion, which reminds us somewhat of that of Walker's Kast Indian genus Isaca. 'I'he sutura davi is very long, reaching to the middle of the outer half of the wing, while the apical cells, the oidy wholly diaphanous part of the wing, are very long, occupying fully the apical third, and are very few in number, only three reaching the apical margin, and all being bounded away from the middle line of the wing by remarkably anruate and divergent veins, giving .somewhat the aspect of a P.sylla to the wing. The body is very stout, with a full abdomen, well rounded behind, and in no way pointed.
A .single species is known, or po-ssibly two.
DOCIMIJS PSYLLOIDES.
IM. 19, FiKs. 6, 17.
Tl>e head is not preserved. The thorax is faintly punctate. The teg- mina are fully two an<l a half times longer than broad; the ulnar vein forks very clo.se to the base, and where it is united by a cross-vein to the radiiil these two are united by another cross-vein in the middle of the wing, beyond which the space is separated into two longitudinal cells: the radial ends near the apex in a strongly arcuate fork, which at first curves down- ward into the heart of the wing and then turns upward, the cell opening on the costal bonier at the edge of the apical border; opposite the origin of this fork tile next and the last veins are abruptly but roundly Ix'iit and send cro.><s-veins directed oI)li(jueIy inward to the intermediate vein from the angles, beyond which they divaricate.
•
HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTERA-CKUCOI'IF).*.
315
TIiIh (loHcriptton is biiHed wholly upon the Hpt'cinu'n illuHtmted in Fi(f. 17. That K'von in Fig. fi and two otliorH are too inipoi'fVct to dctonnino that thoy certainly belong hero, but they may forni a nerond npocicH of the gunuH with loss strongly curved veins.
Length of body, 6.75"""; breadth, S"™; length of tcgniina, 5.5""; breadth, 2""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 4(525, 4747, 921)1), 10479.
Family CERCOPID^C Leach.
This was the prevailing typo of Homoptera in Tertiary times, at least if the number of individuals be regarded. At Florissant they ap])ear to form three-fourths of the whole bulk. As compared with Ful^orina they were there slightly less numerous in species and genera, btit five times as as numerous in individuals. Most of the extinct forms have been referred by authors and especially by Gernuir and Ileer to the existing genera Cer- copis and Aphrophora, but, as we shall see, these references were so far incorrect that in several instances they belonged to the alternate subfamily and not to that to whicli they were referred.' So, too, one insect found in the ' le of Wight Tertiary is referred to an existing form, b«it pi-obably without sufficient reason. As to our own species, some of them are gigantic, nearly all large, and by far the greater part of them allied to types now found only in the tropics of the New World, and yet I have been unable in any instance to refer them to existing genera, though doubtless some of them will be found so referable. The lack of sufficient tropical materials in the museums of this neighborhood compel the description of several genera as new which nuiy prove still extant.
Snblamily CEHCOPIDA St&l.
The larger part of the fossil Cercopidsc that have been described have been referred to this subfamily, but in several instances, as will be pointed out, the reference is incorrect. There remain, however, several species of Cer- copis, a Cercopidium, and a Triecphora (this latter regarded as an existing
'Thare is a iniHtake in Heer's work on Ooninj^en insectM In the references to tlio specit's of Ccreoiiis on I'l. 11. riio plain in correctly niiirked, but llie neparato explauatii)ii of tin- plate ami the relt-ri'iiceB in the text give a llfjnre to C. niifjeri wliicli does not exist, and make eleven tiijiirrts to tlie plate when there are only ten. The references to C. pallida, oeninj;uusis, fasclatu, and rectulinea, which are re- spectively S, 9, 10, and 11, should be 7, 6, 9, and 10.
I
310
TKItTIAItY INSKOTS OK NOIITII AMKKU^A.
upepieH l)v Wondwunl) from flio Kiiropoun rnckn iiinl from iiuiIht, wliilo in our own cDiiiiti'v hy fur t\ui liir;^ttr proportioti of tlio (/I'rcopid.i- Ix'loii;; to this Huhfamily, aiid, oxcop'tiii;,'' tlirctf wpoi'iort ri';X'i'*''*''l 'i"* btdoiijfiiijf to C«r- cojiis, one oju'li from Hritirtli C^oliimbiii, Orcuii liivor, iiiul KloriHsiuit, nil iiro rt'ft'rrcd to iixtiiict ;^(Mi('ri(i types; tli('s«t iiicliido Hcvciitccii spocii-H uud nix ;r('m>rii, oiio of tlu'iu, I'ctrolystrii, witli two HpecicM, j,nyaiiti(' and poHHihjy iiiiuiiiifcrouH iiiHccts. wliicli miiHt liavc been oiio of tiio «trikiii;f fcatiircH of Florissant Oli^foccnc (Hitomolo^fv ; aiiotlicr, Palccpliora, with six spccioH, five of tli(Mii from Florissant and one fr(»m (Jrccn Uivcr, was the prcvailin;? Iiomopterons type; ("lorcopitcs is known only from Orccn liivt-r ; tli(» roniaiiidor, with tlio exceptions noted, oidy from Florissant, and one of tlio prettiest, Prineepliorii, was by no means rare. As a whole tho aspect of th« cercopid fauna was decidedly tropical.
CKRCOl'rrKS fren. nov. (Ccrcopia, nom. {fen.).
Head relatively small, includin<>' the eyes hardly more than half as broad as the thorax, not appressed, but prominent. Thorax more or less hexajfonal, much broader than louff, the front border transvcirse or iindate, th«' base truncate; scutelluni eipiian^fular. Tcffmina larj^e and well rounded, but little more than twice as huiff as broad, with comx'X costa, the ti|» sli;>htly narrowed and shar|)ly rounded, tho radial and ulnar veins forkiii}^ onee each with no apparent apical (;ells, the radial forkin;r scarcely lu'fon* the middle of the win<f, and before forking' running at no great di»tunoe from and parallel to the margin.
Two species are known, both from the Wyoming Tertiaries,
Tiihlf lif the upericM of t'l'i-vr: itt'n,
Stnallrr spi'i'ii'i, tli» wIiikh i'V|>aniliiiK about eiKht iiiilliinxti'i's ; I'miir iM!ir;;iii of thorax Htriti|{lit.
I. r, umlirnlitiH,
LaryiT !4|i<'ci<"s, (lin wiii^s cxpiiiiiliiit; iilmiit twenty iiiillirnetrrn; front niar|{iii of thoriix nnclato or
liicouuuvo a. C. callitcenH.
1. Cercopites UMHRXTILIS, PI. 7, Fij;. 1>.
The sing'le specimen is rather obscurely preserved, showing an upper .surface with spread wings. The body is .stout, the abdomen full atid rounded ; the front margin of the thorax is straight behind the head, but
HKMIl'TKKA— lIOMorTEUA— CKIlCiJl'II)^. 317
retroiitH Hliffhtly at tlio Hides, ho hh to jrlvn It u nli^rlitl y convt^x UHpect. 'Vho IxhIv is (lurk iiiid unitonn, tlio t(»<,niiiiiii tlio huiuo l)iit Hli;;lit]y ligiitcr over tlio disk ; tliu roHtii is vory Htroii}>ly (U)iiv('X.
liOiigth of body, 2.7r)""" ; hmidtli, l.l"""; loiiiftli of tugiiiiim m pnv Hervud, lUt""" ; an n-HtortuI, .'{.M""".
Green River, VVyoiuiiij''. One Hpecimen, N(». lOH, Dr. A. S. I'acknnl
2. ('kucopitkh calmhcens. IM. «, FiK. .W.
Flead Hnborhicular, witli scarcely |>rotriiding eyes, a little broader oidy than long; the ocelli are obscure, but what are apparently these are farther removed from each other than from the eyes. Thorax broadest in tin- njiddlo of the anterior half, from which point it rapidly narrows both in front and behind ; base straight ; front margin broadly concave except for a slight and aiigidar mi<hlle prominence, which brcnks the curve in two. liody dark fuligincais. Tegmiua pallid, but with a diirker costal margin and a similar but broad apical band ; the veins show with toIeral)k' dis- tinctness, thcuigh they are generally very obscure in the wings, which show aneuration in all respects typical so far as visible.
Length of body, including closed wings, 1 1 '""' ; breadth, 3.5""" ; length of tegmina, 8..^)""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 104 and 115, Dr. A. S. Packard.
CERCOPIS Fabricius.
A number of species have been referred to fhis genus from the Euro- pean Tertiaries, but, as mentioned below under that subfamily, thev are mostly referable to the Aphro])horida. It is doubtful whetiier jui\- of the species of true Cercopina should be classed geiierically with those here placed in this group, and which are kn(»wn by their tegmina (;idv ; the form of the wings, as well as their neuration, dill'ers considerably, but until more of tlie structure can be determined it has seemed best to class them here. It may bo noted that the radial vein branches sooner than in Cer- copites.
Tabu of Ihr »/)cci>» of Crrropln. Ti!giuiiia iiiiicolorniiH.
Larger HiH'cioH ; tlitt ti<);iiiina ineaNiirins til'tettii iiiilliniett'i'H in Ien){tli ; radial vein lioforc fork inn
widt ly (list ail I froiii iiiarjjiii I. ('. sihniin.
Sniallor HiK'ricH ; tlic ti'^jiniiia iiicaMiiriiif; less tliaii tun niilliiiuitcrs iu lonj^tTi ; radial vein huloiii
fork inn only niiidnniltdy diMtant. I'loni tlio margin -J. C. OHtrirta.
Togmina trausvoraely buudod 3. C, auffwatu.
I
318
• TFRTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
1. CkRCOPIS 8ELWYNI. PI. 2, Figs. 14, 15.
Cercoph xelieym Sciidd., Rep. Progr. (ieol. Surv. Cuu., 1877-1878, 184B-18f>B (1879).
A jmir of nearly perfect tefrniina, reverses of each otlier, represent a species allied, but rather distantly, to the giji^antic species of Cerco|)ida described by I leer from Kadoboj. It diti'ers from them all in neuration, in the form of the costal border and of the apex. The portion of the wing below the straight snttira clavi is broken away. The basal half of the costal margin is strongly and rather uniformly arcuate, but more strongly close to the base ; the apical half of the same is nearly straight ; the apical margin is a little obliquely and roundly excised, gently convex, the tip roundly angulated. The costal vein parts from the conmion trunk close to the base and follows close to the margin, terminating at about one-third way to the tip : the radial vein is directed toward tlie middle of the outer half of the costal border, until it forks, a little before the middle of the wing, when both straight branches run subparallel toward the tip; the ulnar vein also forks once, half-way between the base and the fork of the radial vein, and its straight branches, with those of the radial vein, subdi- vide the outer half of the wing sul)e(pially, all being evanescent toward the apical margin ; the sutura clavi reaches as far as these veins are visil)le.
Length of wing, KJ..")"""; l)readth of wing at tip of sutura clavi, .">"""; length of sutura clavi, 14""".
Nine Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 64 and 6.'), Dr. G. M. Dawson. Geological Survey of Canada.
2. CeRCOPIS A8TRICTA.
PI. 7, Fig. 1.^.
Reverse and obverse of the greater part of one of the tegmina of a much smaller insect than the preceding represent this species; no part of the clavus is preserved nor even quite up to the sutura clavi. The costal margin is very strongly convex, the curve being strongest in the middle .so as to ap|)ear bent: the apical area is ecpialK full al)Ove and below, or only a triHe the fuller above, the margin strongly convex. The ci>stal vein can Mi»t i)(' made out, and the radial is almost equidistant from the margin, a'ld relatively otdy about half as far as in the preceding species, before it
f u
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— GERCOPID^.
319
forks, when, after reaching^ their widest, the two forks run exactly parallel to the costal niaroin, tiidiii<»' in the darker outer third of the whig; the bi-anches of the ulnar vein originate as in the last species, and are parallel to the radial branches, all being also equidistant.
Length of tegniiiui, \)""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 110 and 125, Dr. A. S. Packard.
3. Cercopis suffocata. PI. 1», Figs. 2, 3.
A single one of the tegmina of an insect with the clavus gone, but very different in its markings from anything known. Its sim])le neuration allies it directly with tlie otiier species referred here ; the radial, Iiowever, is dis- tant throughout from the nuu-gin. The costal margin is very regularly and considerably convex, and the apex very strongly rounded, produced, and almost pointed. A liroad and uniform belt of dark color follows the costal margin at the base for nearly two-fifths it. course, in striking contrast to the generally pale color of the wing, and distally joins a similar transverse and slightly oldique bar crossing the wing as far as the sutura clavi ; all the base of the wing, dark or light, is finely and distantly punctuate, as shown in Fig. 2 ; a sectmd transverse and similarly oblique dark band, slightly broader, crosses the wing just befo.e the apex, its imier border just striking the tip of the sutiu'a clavi.
Length of tegmina, 8..5'""' ; breadth at tip of sutura clavi, 3""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 2()2.
PETROLYSTRA Scudder {TreTpu?, Lystra, nom. gen.).
I'ftrobiHlrii .><oiuUl., Hull. II. S. Ot'ol. (ioojir. Siirv. Toir., IV. 'i.tO-f^U (1878).
One of tht! most striking instances of tropical affinities in the Tertiary shales of Florissant is found in the presence of two species of a genus of huge Hom(»i)tera. rivaling the famous lantern-Hy of South America in size, but dirt'ering in n;:niration and other features from any genus hitherto de- scribed. At first glance otie would think th;it it belonged to the Fulgorida, a subfamily which, with Stridulantia, includes most of the larger forms of the subord.'r, and to be somewhat nearly allied to I'aralystra; but it difiers from this, and, so far as 1 can determine, from all Fulgorina, in the minute-
320
TEKTIAUY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMERICA.
iiess of the scutelluui, and must bo referred instead to tlie Cercopida, althougli larger than any species of that group which I find noticed, while in compar- ison with the temperate forms of that subfamily it is gigantic, most of our own species not exceeding one-fourth its length. The name is not very well chosen.
The body is robust, the head large, ajjparently flat above, about twice as l)road as long, but considerably naiiower than the thorax, the front regu- larly and very broadly convex ; clypeiis about half as br(»ad asi the head, somewhat convex, coarsely carinate down the middle with distinct lateral transverse ruga'; (»celli indeterminate: rostrum shorter than the breadth of the tegmina. Thorax broadening posteriorly, continuing the curve of the head ; the front margin rather dcejily and very broadly excised, so that its middle is straight and the lateral angles are rather sharply angulate; the hind margin with very obli(pie sides, so that the.se, if continued, would form less than a right angle with each other, l)nt toward the middle line incurved, so that the thorjix is rounded posteriorly and excitsed in the middle. Scu- tellum very sn)all, scarcely more than half as long as the thorax and rather longer than broad, tapering more rapidly in the basal than in the apical half The fore tibia' a|)parciitly unarmed, a-id of the same length as the fore femora; the apical tarsal joint of same legs tumid, longer than the other joints cond)ine<l, of which the second is less than half as long as the basal joint, the whole leg only a little longer than the breadth of the tegmina; fore coxa' a|)parently in close proximity. Tegmiiiii large, nearly equal throughout, the inner base anguhirly excised next the posterior border of the thorax, the apex well rounded, a little |)roduced anteriorly; it was appar- ently coriaceous, witii little mark of any excepting some of the principal veins, which are elevated. The base of the costal part of the wing is so expanded, to give e(piidity to the wing, tlia, the radial vein at its ba.se is very near the middle of rlie tegmina, and (MHitiiaies so until it forks in the middle of the Itasal half of the tegmina; its lower branch contiiuies its course; sub- parallel to the costal margin, while the upper branch curves upward and follows close to the costal inar<.nM until, like its fellow, it is lost in the mem- brane? near the tip of the tegmina : the sutura clavi runs straight to the po.s- terior bonier beyond the middle of its outer half, and midwav between the two the radial originates, forking almost immediately, tlie forks dividing the inner area erpially between them, and in tluMniddle of the outer half of the
<k
llEMirTEJ.'A-DOMOPTEKA-CEKCOriDvE.
321
.,
tegniiua united to each other by a cross-vein, to which they bend ; they too are lost before tlie tip. The wings are not sufficiently preserved to charac- terize, but nppear to agree in general character with those of Triecphora. Abdomen more than twice as long as the rest of the bod}-, t.nperiug regularly to a pointed extremity.
Table of the species of I'elrvljislia.
Palo bamlN of tcKiiiiim i.ccupjinjr hardly i.ioio .spacH than tlio dark gromiil 1. /•, aimnteii
Palo baudH almosi Hiipplautiiij; tlio iioniial dark groiiud of tegmiua ■/ /•'. /,„.,„]
1. Petrolystka GIGANTKA. PI. 20, Fig,s. 5-7.
Petrolyslra gigantea Scudd. Bull. U. S. Gool. ( .ogr. Snrv. Terr.. IV, r.Dl-.WJ (1878) ; in Zittel, Haudb
d. PalH'ont., I, li, 7fil, KIg. i>9-.> ( 18ft-.).
Two nearly jjeifect specimens, reverses of each other, were picked up by a child just as I reached the (piarries at Florissant, on my first visit to them, and another, a fragment of a wing, was afterward found in the same place. The head was apparently diirk-colored, the thorax not so dark, delicately and softlj- shagreened, with a slight median cni-ina 11ie tegmina are almost similarly rngulose; the costa of the same is prett}- .strongly con- vex at base, very slightly convex beyon<l the middle of the basal half; the posterior border is slightly excised at the tip of the clavus, and the outer margin is oblifpie, being angnlai-ly excised nt the posterior angle, although rounded throughout. It is dark, darkest at base and gradually grows lighter, moie fuliginous toward the tip (nlthough all the specimens do not show this), and is traversed by four equidistant ti-ansverse pale bands, the basal one reduced to a spot in the middle of the extreme base, where it oc- cupies about one-third the width of the wing; and the apical one rather cloudy, half as broad as the breadth of the tip and as far from the tip as from either border, ecpial, two or three times as l)road as long, sinuous or lunate ; the other two are more distinct, with sharply defined borders and irregularly sinuous; the outer of the two traverses the entire vv'ng, touch- ing the costal border, however, by only the tip of the rounded extremity, while it expands upon the posterior border ; the inner of the two is rounded at either extremity, tails of reaching either border, and is constricted just beneath the radial vein ; both of these bands average in width the breadth of the intorspnccs.
Vol XIII lil
322
TERTIA.RY INSECTS OF XOUTII AMERICA.
Tho specimen given in Fig. 5 is presumed to be a hind Ting belonging to this species, but is so foKled that the course of tlie neuration can liardly be determined ; it' it is correctly given the hind wing must have been banded like the fore wing.
Length of body, 23.."y""'; of head, 3.7.5""" ; of thora.\, -i-o""" ; of abdo- men, lrt.2:)"""; width of lu-ad 7"'"': of clypous, 3.S"""; length of rostrum, 8 5™"; width of thorax behind, -S A'"'" ; length of .scutellum, 3"""; its breadth at base, -i.j"™; length of tegmina, 2'J.b"""; width next base, 10.6"""; near tip, 8.5™"'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 62, 411 and 412, 11241.
2. PeTKOLYSTUA UER08.
PI. 20, Fig. 8.
Petrohjsira heros Scudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Guogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 532 (1878).
A single sj)ecimen shows one of the tegmina in a good state of preser- vation, together with both fore logs. It ditiers from P. gigantea in the broader bands of the tegmina and in the form of the latter, the posterior border being slightly fuller at the base, so as to make that part of the wing ])roportionally broader, while the posterior angle of the tip is not obliquely excised, making tho extremity truncate rather than pointed. Tlie bands hav(^ expanded so as to occu])y the larger part of the witig ; the basal sjjot occu- pies the entire base from border to Ijonler (excepting the very root) as far as an oblicjue transverse line. sul)parallel U> tho inner basal edge of tho winsf, and distant from tho root noarly half the widtii of tho wing: it also infringes upon tliiit bordoriiig line by a largo semicircular excision in the niichlle ; the apical spot is very noarly as long as broad, and stops just short of the margin on all throe sides of tho fipox, and in the middle of tho wing breaks through tho intervening dark stripe into the outer of the two middle Ijands ; the.se two middle bands are also much broader than in the other species, but not to so grtjat a degree as tho extreme l»ands ; they reach from border to Ijorder, and are unitoil to each otiier and to tho basal spot along the sutura clavi : the wing thoroforo has tho appoaranci; rather of being pale, with three transverse durk strijios, wiiich are broad (and tho outer two triangular) on the anterior half of the tegmina, narrow, sinuous, and broken on the posterior halt.
IIKMII'TKKA-HOMOPTKHA— CEUCOriD^E.
323
Lerigtli of tegmiiia, 28.2ry""' ; width at base, 10.8"'"'; at tip, 7.2"'"'; length of fore femora, 4.5""" : fore tibi.T, f)"'" ; fore tarsi, 2.75""" ; first tarsal joint, 0.8"""; last tarsal Joint, 1.7'""'; claws, 0.5'""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 11829.
LC){JHn\t^]S gen. nov. (Loeris, uom. gen.).
Hody stout. Head large, protuberant, well rounded, not angulated in front, though subtriangular. Thorax transverse, more tiian twice as broad as long, truncate both in front and behind. Scutellum moderately large, equiangular, the angles sharp. Tegmina large, full, about two and a half times longer than broad, with strongly ciu-ved costal margin, tapering con- siderably in theii- apical half, the apex roundly angulated ; the radial vein forking well before the middle of the wing and before that widely separated from the margin, midway between which and it the costal vein runs ; ulnar vein much as in the species here referred to Cercopis. Hoth middle and hind femora are about two-thirds as long as their respective tibi:r. Abdo- men stout, tapering conically in the apical half.
To this genus evidently belongs Cercopis haidingeri lleer from Radoboj, Croatia, which is slightly larger than the larger of the two species from Florissant we place here.
Table of the species of Locritea.
LiirgorHpecies; tegmina uniformly mottled in generally diatribntcd blotches 1. L. copei.
Smaller species; markings of togniiua confined to obsenro transverse darker bands in the basal two- thirds of the wing 2.L.whitei.
1. LOCRITES COPEI. PI. 21, Fig. 19.
In one of the specimens referred here, the one figured, the dorsal sur- face is shown, but wilh many of the ventral parts showing through. The tegmina, however, as in many of the insects from Florissant, appear as if bleached out, and the real markings lost; for tlie.se we have to go to the second f.pecimen, preserved upon a side viev, which shows a delicate mot- tling of dark, circular or transverse, minutt spots, more or less clustered into larger but still small roundish blotches, pretty evenly distributed, but absent from the extreme tip ; the sutin-a davi is verv distinct and heavy,
I
324
TEKTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMRUICA.
and the whole of the clavus obscure. The head, thorax, and scutelhim appear to bo uniformly and deeply sulcate (or carina ■ if No. 9374 is an obverse).
Length of body, 1.^)5"""; of tegniina, 14"""; breadth of thorax, 5.6"""; combined tegmina, 10""".
Named for Pr )f. E. D. Cope, of Philadolphia, tlio distinguished and versatile paleontologist aiul collaborator of tiie llaydon Survey.
Florissant. Two specinieu.s, Nos. 9374, and of the Princeton Collec- tion 1.903.
2. LOCRITES WHITEI. PI. 21, Fig. 17.
The single specimen and its reverse represent the dorsal surface of an insect with closed wing?. The head is relatively broader than in the last species, with a similar though much slighter mediodorsal sulcation ; the ocelli appear to be nearer together than to the eyes. The body is black, and the tegmina dark fuliginous, but permitting the bhick abdomen to be seen through them ; the distal half appears to be uniform, but the ba.sal half to be transversely banded by broad darker bars, between which and between the basal bar and the base the tegmina are slightly lighter than the normal grotmd, accentuating the bands.
Length cf body, 13.25"""; tegmii , Pi""'; breadth of thorax, 5"""; combined tegmina, 7"'"".
Named for my colleague, Dr. C. A. White, one of the paleontological collaborators of the Hayden Survey.
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8313 and 8314.
PALECPIIORA gen. nov. (rraAa/o?, eutpopd).
Allied to Triecphora in ueuratiou, but with a more .slender habit and relatively far smaller diivus. Head suborl)icular, about half as broad as tiio thorax, the front well roinider), in no sense angulate, with a slight longi- tudinal carina; ocpjli posteriorly |)laced. much nearer together tliaii to the eyes. Thorax rathi-r bntadcr than long, tlie front and posterior margins truncate, the sides annulate, .so as to be as a wholi* transversely hexanguhar, but more or less roundtjd, .so as often to appear sul)orl)i(rnlar ; marked indis
I
.
HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEBA— CERCOPID^B.
325
tiiictly witl» a faint mediiui siilcatioii and in the middle of the lateral halves, anteriorly, with posteriorly converging similar carina;, to be seen only in clear specimens. Scutellum moderately large, snbequiangular, slightly broader than long, the sides faintly concave, continuous with the angles of the thorax, the base truncate^ the tip sharply pointed. Tegmina long oval, the clavus occupying not more than a fifth of the whole, which is fully two and a half times as long as broad, tapering only at the extreme tip and roundly pointed slightly above the middle line, the costal margin pretty strongly convex ; the costal vein appoars to bo lacking; the radial with its outer fork runs in one continuous line parallel co the costal margin through- out and at a moderate distance from it ; its inner fork parts from it a very little beyond the middle of the wing, the ulr.ar forking considera,bly before the middle ; all these branches parallel and united by subcontinuous cross- veins parallel to the apical mr.rofni, from the middle of each of which the lon- gitudinal veins continue to the margin, one or two of the upper ones (and especially the second) usually widely forked, forming apical cells nearly a sixth the length of the wing; besides this, straight but rather strongly oblique cross- veins connect the upper radial branch to the margin; all of this minor venation is sometimes obscured by the opacity of the membrane. AVings a little shorter than the tegmina, of the usual form, the marginal vein continuous; second and third longitudinal veins united by a straight cross- vein beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, the second bent down to meet it ; third and fourth similarly united scarcely beyond the middle of tlie wing, the fourth deeply forked, almost to the cross-vein, the lower branch abruptly curved at base. Legs short and slender, the fore and middle pair of nearly the same length, the hind pair a little longer ; all the femora and particularly the hind pair very short, not reaching the sides of the body, scarcely broader than the slightly enlarged apex of the tibia; ; tibiic longer than the femora, in the hind pair twice as long and with two pairs of vspines ; tarsi consideraldy shorter than the tibia\ in the fore and middle legs shorter, in the hind legs longer, than the femora ; in the hind legs the first joint is slightly shorter than the third, nearly twice as long as the second, the Hm^ and secoiid with short spines at the apex beneatli ; third joint at base half as wide as the second, enlarging in the apical half. Abdo- men full, long ovate, bluntly pointed.
326 TKirrrAKY iNHKrrs or noijtii amkrica.
This gomis \h the most iibiiiKliinlly nipn'sontod in imlividiialH of any of the Hoiiioptoni of Fhirissant. It is also rich in spocios. In neuriition it iigreos very cUisely with Trit'cphora and Tomaspis, but is niucli slenderer than they, has a pattern of coloration (explained inuh'r tlie first species) pecuharly its own, while the hind tibia have two pairs of s|)ines, and tlu^ tarsi are apioally spinous in a similar manner. The len}>;th of the terminal tarsal joint and the orbicular form of the head are also characteristic.
Six species have l)een recognized, which may be separated by the fol- lowin<f table :
Tiibtv ('/ till Kiniiin of I'liliijiliiirii,
<tf liirj;ii Hizi'. Koro winnH more or Ii'hm <li»tiiK'll,v spoltt'il.
Apiciil sputa coiiiirctcil liy ii haiiil liurilcriii^ tin' wlioli' niir\.
■\ (liHtinct spilt. Ill tlio (ciitor «(' thu basiil lialf iil tlio winj; 1. /'. maculala.
\o spot ill till! iriiti>r of tlio basiil lialt'ol' llin win); 'i. /'. pnlrlnila.
No baiiil lioriliTiii;; tlio iiprx.
\'riiiH of till- liiri' win(;.s ilistiiut, rKporially llir noKS-vriti-. on llir oiiIit liiiif nl tlio insliil lioi-
iUt; NpotH iiiiiiii'roiis anil usually dislint'l !!./'. miiri iiici.
VeiiiM of till' fi>ri> wiiijj iiiilifttinrt, tlir spiit- iiNiiallv incur nr Ii-.sip1i-iiii'. only lliat iirar tlii fiiil of till! Mitiira c'lavi ilistinet. Most of tlio spots of tbo iimrKiiix "f iln' wiiij; 'iiuirabli' !> it olisniir, cxi'i'ptiii); as abiivr. * t. /'. comHiHiii*.
Mont of till! spots of till' iniiigiiisnr tlio wiii^ wholly iililitoratcil, exrupt as i>biivi', but tin-
base of tlio costa nsnally iiifiiKcati'il ."). /'. prirraleim.
Of meiUiiiii size. Kor« wIukh niiicoloroiis t>. /'. innniiila.
1. PaLECPMORA MACl'LATA. 1*1. !.'(», Fi<;8. 10, 17.
This is the most profusely spotted of all the Palecphora-. The bead and body are uniformly dark, and the wings inendjranous and without markings, but the tegmina are generally very distinctly and always very al)undantly marked with dtn-k fuliginous, subequal spots on a pale ground. There is a heavy basal striga on the costal margin, thickening distally, all within the basal fifth of the wing, and accompanied by a triangular oj)])os- ing cloud on the .sciitellar margin, reaching the tip of the scutellum and leaving between it and the l)asal striga only a narrow, longitudinal strip of pale ground at the base of the \eins; next the opening of this, at the basal parting of the veins, is another longitudinally triangular spot ; at the middle of the wing, seated on the costal margin and on the sutnra (davi but not invading the clavus, is a pair (»f further spots subtjuadrate or subtriangu- lar. their apices directed i>bli(|iii'l\ inward .nid towards the apex; in the
IIKMIl'TKlJA-IKXMOI'TKUA-CEUOnU.*}.
327
same modian region is anotlicr suhrjiiadratoHpot in the clavua seated on the margin and generally limited interiorly by the anal vein, along which it may send shoots in either direction ; at eqnal and not great distances from the apical n)argin is another pair of transverse siibquadrangular spots close to but not fairly seated upon the costal margin and sutura clavi, which are sometimes connected by a narrow fringing band wliicli hugs the apical margin, though this band is sometimes reduced to an apical cloud which barely reaches the sjmts on either side. The spots may thus bo designated as basal, subbaaal, median (costo-median, suturo-niodian, and clavo-median), subapical, and apical. The neuration of the tegmina can rarely be distin- guished exce))t in the most general way as regards the main veins, but where the markings are most obscure, as in specimens which have some- what of a bleached appearance, the minor neuration of the apex of the wings can be discovered faintly.
Length of body, lO.r."""; of tegmina, T.f)"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 3.5°"°.
Florissant. Ten specimens, Nos. 022, 3016, 345H, 3534, 3734, 5344, 11237, 13324, 13557, 16351.
2. PaLECPIIORA PATEFAf'TA.
PI. 7, Fig, 7.
In this species, the only one yet found elsewhere than at Florissant, the markings of the tegmina are much the same as in P. maculata, but are somewhat reduced, and, what is moi-e remarkable, the subbasal spot is ab- sent ; this point seems to be sufficiently clear, tliough the outspread teer- mina are preserved in a fragmentary manner, curiously most perfect just where the spots occur, as though the pigment bore some part in tiieir pres- ervation No veins are visible.
Length of body, lO™"'; of tegmina.8.5'"™; breadth of thorax, 3"™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 1 and 143, Prof. Leslie A. Lee.
3. Palecphora marvinei.
PI. 20, Figs. 11-13; PI. 21, Figs. 9, 12.
This species is remarkable for tlie great distinctness with which ordi- narily (the considerable distinctness invariably) the complete neuration of the apical half of the wing is seen, as described under the genus. The
328
TKirriAKY iNaKtrm of north amkhioa.
innrkln^s of tlm t<';jfiuiiui iiro iiHiiiilly very distinct, ort|»i'('iiilly tliosc of tlin inner marfirin, wliero the Hultiipiciil spot is most conspicuous. Both ))iihu1 spots iiro present, l>ut tlio scutollar much reduced jiiul often obscure; the subbasal is always absent, as far as I liave seen: (»f tlie mudiun spots tlie costo-niediau is never present, and tiie sntuni-mediau y;eneraily obscure, often removed away from the suture and frcMpiently absent, while t)'" chivo-modian is always present and {generally distinct ; the snbapical spot of the costal margin is lu^'cr more than faintly indicato<l if present, and the api(;al nuu'ginal band invariably absent.
Leiiffth of body, lo"""; of te<,''mina, «""'" ; !)readth (tf thorax, ."{.f)""".
Named for the late Archibald l\^)bert^■on Marvine, one of the active and acute geoloffistK of the llaydcn Survey.
Florissant. Eleven specimens, No.s. KIH.'J, ;5(»1K), aSOl, 4256, 44;{1, 5761, 6484, H743, 915S and 92.54, 12978. 1.3578.
4. PaI-K("PH<»1{A commitnis. I'l. lid. I'i^'.s. .'{, L'O. -Jl.
This species is closely allied to tln^ last, hardly ditferinjr from it except in the obscurity, not always al).solute, of the ncin-atioii of tin* tejjmina, indicatinjjf a more coriaceous texture to the same. It is slijihtly smaller as a rule, though some specimens are i,.i larj^e as many of I', marvinei. The 8j)ots of the tegmina are also much the same as there, but thouj^h the lower snbapical spot is sometimes tin; "idy one which is consj»icuous it Usually shares its distinction with all the others of the inner marjjin, while rarely are any of those of the costal mar;>in .seen at all, except the basal one, the costo-median being almost invariably absent and never conspicu- ous, being wrongly represented as of nnich too deep a tint in Fig. 3 ; the subbasal spot and apical band are never present, and the suturo-median spot is never more tl..ji a faint cloud.
Length of body, 9.2.'»""" ; of tegmina, 7..'j""" ; breadth of thorax, 3"'"'.
Floris.sant. Thirty-four specimens. No.s. l.")!t, 20S7, 4476, 475!t, 5189, 5720, 5862, 5911, 59.50, 6524, 6636, 74116, 8037, 8()!»8, 8894, H937, 8969, 9218, 10681, 11009, 11767, 12468, 12471, 12984, 13000, l;{568, 13570, 13577, 13580. 13581, 13584, 14187, and of the Princeton Collection 1.320, 1 826 and l.s;{(i.
.
HKMIl'TKUA— llO.MurTKItA— (JUKCOIMD.K.
329
f). PAI.Kf'l'lloKA HK.V.VAI.KNH. I'l. L'O, Fif;. I : I'l. '-'I, V\n. 'J.
riiis spt'cios, l)y tar tlin most (■(niiiiioii of iill tlif llomoptura of f'^loriH- muit, is K)UHt liouvily timrkod iimoiiff till tlioso Pul(Mi|)lioriii which nhow phiiiily tho iiit'onorsuhiipiciil spot. 'I'his is iiMimlly present, and soinotimes, thou;4'h very rarely, distinct, whilo tlu* otluM- spots are almost wholly (discurod or appear as (doiids, except, indeed, the snperior costal spot, which appears as a thickeiiin};- of tho base of" tho costa sli}>htly enlarffed distally, and is rarely ahsent, usually t(deral>ly distinct, almost always slender, and tho costa is souuitimes a little thickened l)eyon(i the enlar<r«nnent at tho iiorinul 8|u>t. The species is oue of the luryest in size, hut only to a sliyht degree.
Length of body, l().r)-ll"""; of tegmina, 8'""'; l>readth of thorax, ;j-3.5""".
Florissant. About .seventy-tive s))ocimens, aini.ng which tho best are
No8. r)4;», 820, 1304, 'MW'i, r)2.-.!>, WO.W, GS(I7, 7742, 8008 and 8081, 8035,
10383, 11236, 117(i2, 13.')67. 1357fi, and from the I'rinceton Collection
1.710, 1.838.
G. Paleci'hora inoknata.
IM. L'a, Fij,'. i">.
In striking contrrt.st to tlu* other species of Florissant I'alecphone, this species ia represented by a single specimen, which differs greatly from them. It is of considerably smaller size than the others (which are very uniform in this particular), and shows but the faintest tra(;e of markings, while tho whole of tho tegmina is fuliginous instead (»f pallid, with scarcely percepti- blj- darker tones at tho extreme tip (not given in the figure), and at the position of the inferior subapical and costo-niedinn spots; the sutiira davi is distinctly marked by a dark line.
Length of body, 7.5""" ; of tegmina, 6""" ; breadth of thorax, 2""".
Flori.ssanf. One specimen, No. (]09,
]AT\lVX:V]U)l{\ <ron.uov {\iOnc, tiupopd).
This genus is closely allied to Pnlecphora, having precisely the same neuration in the hind wings, but differing principally in the form and struct- ure of tlie tegnuna. These are less ovate in forn», the margins being almo.st or (piife parallel and tla^ apical margin .synmietrically rouiuled, instead of
aao TKHTIAUY INHKUTS Of NOUTII AMKUKIA.
Iiiiviiiff the ii|))-x iihov)' tlii> iiiidillr ; tlin (umtal iniir^riii iiImo {k niiicli tlii(>k<.>n<><l, iiiiil ill (Hie s|ii'<'i('> III It'ii^t iiniicil willi nIioi'I Itristlcn : llioiinrli tlin Hiilmtaiico oC flio t(i^iiiiiiu i^ trillions, |ici-iiiittiu^ tlm voiiiH nt' tlio win^M hoiioiith tliciii to III* n'lulily vLsililf, nt Icnst in llicir lowrr half, tlio wlu)l(» in iniimtoly tlioiifrli t'ct'lily iiinl ilistaiitly |MiU(>titiit«>, iiioif foiispicuoiiH on tliu baHal than the apiciil liiill'
7'fiA/c oj till «;nT(f« of l.ilhfi iihoril.
('natal innrKiii of It'KiiiInn ilir<tlnrt1y tlilckciKil.
Ti>Kiiiiiiii\vitli I hi- i'ii«tal iiiiti'KiMliiinfli'il jiiiil A larxt' palliil patt'lijimt lioyondtlieiiiiilillv.l. L.tfllnna.
TeKiiiiiia w llli tlir inNiiil riiaiKin tlil< Kini'il lull not ))rl'<tli'il aixl ulth mi |iiillitl |ia(('li..V. l..iUai>liaiia. Cimtul iiiar^ii. <•( Ir^iiiliiii nut ilinliin tl.v I Iiii'Im'IhmI.
Ti'({iiilna » It limit iimtal iiiarkiiiKit U. I., uniinlor.
Ti'tcuiiiia with lontul iiiiirkiUK>* 4. /.. murntii,
1. lilTHKCl'HOKA MKTIQKRA. I'l. ^'0, KiR. Ii2.
A Hiiijj^lo Hpof'inioji is known, ol)taint'<l by tliu I'rincoton Clolle^^e KxptMll- tldii 'I'lie wiiij^s (»t tlitf iij;lit sido are partly expanded, luit tlio anterior fxtrt'iiiity III' till' hiidy is iniicli lirokcii ; tin- niarjfiiis of the te^inina are ri'inarkalily parallel, tin- costal cd/rf f'riii<fed with very Hhort sj)inons bristles; ihi' apical iiiai';;iii is very ii';;iiliiil\ rounded, the apex lalliii;,' in the middle. The boily is black and the tejrnnna j)ale t"iili;,nnons, with a larji^e roiiiitlish pallid patch on the costal iiiarf^in, crossinir alxmt two-thirds ot' the win<^, its inner border at the middle ot' the win<j.
liCii^th otbod\ (partly estimated), 7.2"»' ; breadth of thorax, ^.Tr)"'"' ;
ieiif^th of teyniina, (>""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.121, l'riiu;eton Collection.
2. lilTHECt'noRA UUPHANA. I'l. '21, Kit,'. »•<•
A siii<rle sjiecimeii is known, preserved on a dorsal view with tlie teg- mina and wiii^s half cxiianded. i'lie body is dark brown, the tegmina
apparently iliapiiaiious o
r almost .so, at least in the lower half, for the vein>
if the wings show through them |)erfeetly: the costal margin is nearlv straight, but has a slight and constant conve.xitv, so that the two margins
are not ipnte paralii
I ; this same mariiiii is much thickened, nion^ so in the
IIKMII'TKUA-IIO.MUI'TKUA (KIM nl'lhr,.
:!81
liatiiil liiilt' tliiiii tlic iiiIkt h|ic(>i(tK, hut tlii'ir is no himm >,( H|)in<)UH luiirH, iumI tlio tc^iiiiiiii tint ninrc puiiitcil at tip
l,i)ii<,'tli of body, S ; t.l' tt^^iiiiiiiii. 7 '; hrciultli of tlmniv. 2.76"""
J''loiiH«iuit. Oiitt sjx^ciincii, No. .10.
.'{. LlTIIK(;iMK)KA I'NICOLOK. PI. 21, l-'iRH. ». 5, II, M.
Tills sooiuH to bo an abiiinlaiit himm ics, it' all tbo HpcciinciiH 1 Imvo n*- forre«l t(» it biilong heni, but not a «iii}iil(* oiKt is woU [jroHorvod, ami if cor- rectly placed it must liavcj boon an exceptionally derKrate insiM-t. 'I'lu; most that can lio said of it in distinction from theotlifr species is that the fcjiinina ant shmder, I'ldly three times us lon^^as broad, with tohtrably distinct veins thron<4'hout, thti <'(»stal border sli;^htly eiirvod at oxtrtsme base and jfradiudly tailing; to join the apical mar<rin on the api<-al fourth of the win^-, the apex Hlijjhtly produced and perfectly synunetrical ; they sIujvv no sijyus of thick- enin<( of the costal lu irgin and were evidently without markinj(s. The hind tibite appear to be loiij^er than in the other species.
U'lijrth of body, 7.2:)"""; of te},nnina,r)""" : breadth of thorax, 2'
Florissant. About tifty specimens, of which (he best are Xos. 1970, r)4(K), 11103, 12447, 13337, 14178.
4. LlTIIKCPHOHA MUUATA. PI. :J1, Kins. 3, 8.
This species Is larger than the precedinj^, which it much resembles, dif- ferinj; from it in imitatin<>' to a certain extent the markings characteristic of Palecphora-. The tegmina are slender, nearly three and a half times longer than broad, with the costal border strongly shouldereil at base and scarcely declining at tij), the apex broadly and synunotrically rounded and in no way prodiu'cd : the venation is very feeble ,ind t'ltf markings, dark on a light ground, consist of a basal ciKstal striga and two cloudy transverse streaks, only on the costa at .dl distinct and there obscure, <iividing the wing into nearly (-(puil thirds. .Vil the specimens are poor.
Length of body, 9'"'" : of tegmiiia,6.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.9°"".
Florissant. Three specimens, No.s. 912, 11007, 12776.
TOO
TRRTIAFIY INSKCT8 OF NORTH AMERICA.
I»KlNi<:Cl*HoKA gen. iiov. {jrpiv, htqinpd).
Allied to l'ii)<'C}<;iora, but of a still slenderer form, and in markings resembling Triecpliori, than which it is far more slender. Head half as broad as the thora.x, loss than half as long as broad, very blnntly rounded, and in no sen.se angulate in front, the njiddle with an exceedingly slight longitudinal carina. Thorax as in Palecphora, as also the scutellum, except- ing that it is equiangular. Tegmina slender, almost three times as long as broad, with nearly parallel sides, relatively straight costa and broadly rounded sj-mmetrical apex ; clavus occupying about one-fourth of the wing, tei..nnating in the middle of the outer half of the same; neuration obscure but apparently with rathrr long apical cells Wings and neuration as in Palecphora, but the fourth longitudinal vein not (juite so deeply forked and the fork more syni'iietrical. Legs very imperfectly preserved in the specimens known, but apparentl}' a little longer than in Palecphora. Abdo- men very full, tapering, the apical segments pinched.
A single species is known, o.ie of the prettiest of the F^lorissant Ilomop- tera.
PkINKCI'HORA lULTKATA. PI. 20, Fig. It.
Head and thorax rtneiy granulated, the eyes apparently margined nar- rowly witii black. Tegniina similarly out less conspicuously granulated, Idackish fuliginous, deeper in tint on the basal than on the apical half, marked with two broatl, jjale, transverse bands, which are br(»adest <m the costal margin ; the iirst occupies the base, crossing the entire wing, and is bounded outwardly by a curved line, angulate at the sutura clavi, which runs from about the and of tho basal third of the costal margin inward ; the second, sometimes narrowly coiniected wirii the first along the costal edge, runs from the costal margin to the sutura clavi as the amalgamation of two spots: a circular (>ne resting on the sutura, its inner edge at the center of the wing, and a triangular one, its base seated on the (M»stal margin and its apex about the ceTiter of the circular spot.
Length of body, T.T.')'""; of tegmina, (i""; breadth of thorax, 2..')""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 888G> 9l!t8, 11774, and from the Princeton CoHecti.-ii, l.f)()4.
(i
UEMIPTERA— UOMOPTBKA— (JEKCOJ'IU^E.
333
61
Subtiamily APHKOPHORIDA Stdl.
Very few fossils liave been referred to this group of Cercopidse, as com- pared witli the other, althougli in temperate regions at the present day the Aplirophorida are in excess. Heer and others have described a mimber of species from the P^uropean 'J'ertiaries, both in the rocks and in amber, and these have all been referred to the single genus Aplirophora. There are, however, a number of others regarded by Meer as si)ecies of Ctrcopis, winch must c(Mtainly be referred to the Aplirophorida, if his figures are at all cor rect ; such are C fasciata and C. pallida, probably also C. oeningensis and perhaps C. rectelinea. The same is true of Germar's C. n;plrena from amber. As already stated, the species from Florissant 1 formerly regarded as related to Ptyelus turn out to be true Cercopida, but there nevertheless appear at this same station not only an ol)scure form temporarily referred to Aphro- phora, but two other forms of considerable interest, one of which aproors to be a distinct type, which I have called Palaphrodes, with several species, most of them tolerably abundant ; the other, a single specimen, which must be referred latitudinally to the highly specialized existing Clastoptera.
PALAPIIHODES gen. nov. (TraXaio?, dtppcUhf?).
Stout bodi(;d, of oval form. Head well rounded in front, nearly twice as broad as long, reaching on either side posteriorly tlie more sloping por- tion of the front of the aiitenorly angulate and rounded thorax and there- fore considerably narrower than it. Ocelli as far from each other as from the eyes. Thorax hexangular, the lateral sides the shortest, and after that the central portion of the posterior border, which is .slightly shorter than the oblique portions, the whole thorax half as broad again as long and notcari- nate. Scutellum rather small, e(iuiangular, all the sides straight or the lateral slightly concave. Tegmina broad oval, but little more than twice as long as broad, the costal margin strongly arched, the apex rounded but more or less acuminate, the neuration nnu-h as in Aphrophora. Wings ample, well rounded, with no apical emargiuation, a little shorter than the tegmina; t(ie second and third and also the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins united by straight rransver.sc or oblique cross-veins at equal distances from the margin, at about the end of the middle third of tl!(> wing, the third and fourth by a similar vein at al)out the center of the win<>-.
I
J
334 TKUTIAKY INSKCTS OF NOIiTH AMKUICA.
This genus soeuis to full somewhere oetween Cephiaiis and Avernus, but the structure of the hind legs is not known. It was an abundant type in the Florissant basin, five spei'ies being already known, most of tlieni by a considerable number of examjdes.
Tabic of the iipecicii of I'liluphroilm.
Middle nl' tlio t«giuina triiversi'd, at least on the co.stnt ed^c, by ii hliick intiid ; iio loii); boso-cootnl Ntripo. Middli- stripo of teginiiia liistiiu'tly traversing tli<> wiiin' trntmvoi'sel.v witlioiit chiingo of bruadth :
iioiirution diRtinct 1. /'. oiiiitn.
Middle stripe (if tegmiiKi not distiiirtly tniversing tliti wiiig triinsverailj willioiit. change of lireaillh: nenration indistinrt. Middle Htripo of tegniiiia eoiiliiiiMl to n spot on tlie costal edge and thix nsiially Homewhiil
obsoiire 8. P. obifiira.
Middle stripe of tegininn directed obliqncly outward.
Snliapical costal stri[ii' of tcgmina inxli'rately oblii|iuiaiid inodtu'ately broad, with irregular
iiiarginH W. I', irreifularh.
Snliaiiical costal stripe of tegniina very oblique, very slender, with sharply ilelined straigbl
margins 1. /'. ohiiiiiin.
Middle of the teginiua traversed by a palu band ; a long aud broad baso-custat dark stripe.
5. /'. tranarerHa.
1. Palaphuodks cincta. ri. 20, Fig. 10; IM. 21, Fig. 15.
Body uniformly dark coloreil, the incisures of the abdomen i)aler. The species is distinguished by the markings of the tegmina tind the di.stinctne.ss of the nenration, the latter due to its being traced in black throughout the apical half of the wing : the ground of the tegmina is pale, perhaps diapha- nous ; the base is blackis'-, making here a large triangular patch with verv irregular outer outline: across the middle of the wing, separateil from the basal patch by the length of the latter, is a broad, etpial, straight, transverse, blackish stripe or bar often deepest in color on the costal half or becoming fuliginous on the iiiiu'r half; its edges, and especially its upper, are tolerably straight. It is followed at an eqiiiil distance on the costal margin by ii slender, oblitpie, black, and narrowing stripe just be^fore the apical cells, generally rumiiiig iil)i)ut half-way across the wing, piirallel to tlu^ hind margin.
Length of body. II..")""'" ; l»ieadth of tijorax, .'{.;5""" ; length (»f tegmina, X""" ; breadth ntclused tegmina together, o..")""".
Floris.sanf. Thirteen specimens, Nos. -JOS, .")82, 6;iO«, 1 12;<S, 12094. 13.5.").0, 13.573, 14231. perhaps 1(;3.», and of the Princeton Golh-ction 1..50."), l.»13 and ! «41, 1 wi.^, ,„„1 | «,3!i.
N
HKMllTEWA— IIOMOPTFIRA— OEHCOriD.K.
335
Specimen No. 2()H, tiffurotl on Plate 21, h.is been mislaid and was not examined at the time when this des('rii»tion was drawn up.
2. Palaphuojjks ohscura, PI. 21, Fig. 18.
This species differs from the preceding, to which it is most nearly allied, mainly in the obscurity of its markings, which in general follow the position of those 'n P. cincta Unfortunately the most deeply marked specimen was figured, and its color has been somewhat deepened on the plate, so that the differences do not there clearly appear ; ordinarih-, liowever, besides the obscurity of the markings, the middle transverse stripe is also broadened, and so, as it were, diffused (not at all the case in the individual figured), and the subapical oblicjue stripe becomes a far broader, short, quadrate bar on the costal margin. It appears to be ordinarily a smaller species than the preceding, but one individual is nearly as large as the largest of that species.
Length of body, !).2.')""" ; breadth of thorax, 3.2'""' ; length of tegmina, T.S""" ; breadth of closed tegmina together, 5'""'.
Florissant. Sbc specimen.s, Nos. 452, 4287, 4404, 11230, 13321, and of the Princeton Collection 1.81 G. •
3. l*ALAPHROm;S IRKEGIILAIIIS. PI. 20, Fig.s. 2, 18 ; PI. 21, Figa. 0, V.
This species, witli P. cincta the coniinouest of the genus, appears to differ from it very decidedly in the form, extent, and position of the darker markings beyond the basal ; they occupy, indeed, so much more room where they are "well developed as to cover more space than tlio lighter parts, so that the tegmina might (piito as we!', or better, l)o regarded as dark with light markings; the me liau belt oci'U[)ieson tin* co.stal margin precisely the same position as in P. cincta, but in passing across the wing it innnediately and considerably expands, rarel}', however, Avitliout being more or less broken and blotched with pale ; at the center of the wing its ex})ansion tends to break it up into two forks, and the connnissural portion is highly variable ; in general, however, the proximal fork is far more intense and distinct than the distal, leaving between it and the basal patch of the teg- mina an often well defined, constantly narrowing, transverse, white band, broad on the costal margin, reduced nefirly ^o nothing on the inner, and
336
TKKTIAUY INSI'X3TS OF NOllTU AMKKICA.
generally narrowing abruptly as the sutura clavl is crossed ; the distal fork is directed toward the tij) of the sutura clavi, but is dissipated and broken into flecks before reaching it ; the 8uba))ical, slender, oblique, costal strip»3 is much as in P. cincta, but runs in the oi)j)osite direction and is more variable and alnu»st always accompanied by an opposed, large, fuliginous, subquadrate, subapical cloud on the inner margin.
'I'his ai)pears to ho one of the largest species, l)ut is subject to consider- able variation, one of the sj)ccimens refeiTed here being one of the smallest.
Length of body, 11"""; breadth of thorax, -i"'"'; length of tegminn, 8.8"'"' ; breadth of closed tegmina together, (!"'"'.
Florissant. Twelve specimens, Noa. 4.'}, 854, 2101, -{864, 5058, 8233, 8536, 10364, 10681», 12000 and 12472, 14200, and of the Princeton Collec- tion 1 836.
4. I'AI.AI'HROKKS ohi.iqiia.
PI. LM, Fig. 10.
This species, which seems to be lare, is slenderer than the others, but related prettv clo.-^cly to the last, though it has some peculiarities tending in another direction. The body is uniformly dark, and the ground of the tegmina dark with the same dark ba.sal patch found in all the preceding sjH'cies ; in this, however, the median band is not developed into two forks, as in the last species, with the proximal fork the .stronger, but there is no sign t»f a proximal fork unless a slight general cloudiness in this direction may be looked on as a relic of the same; the ilistal fork, however, is well developed, united, or almost iniited with, and in any case directed toward so as to involve, the subapical spot of the inner margin found also in the last species; in addition, as if in n^cognition of the superinduced obliquity of the median band, the sul)apical costal striga has become more oblique than in P. irregularis, and there is ,i slight, slender, transverse marginal cloud.
Length of body, Id.."")""': of tegmina, 6 25"""; breadth of thorax, 3"'"'.
Florissant. '\\\o specimens, Nos. 8.S87, 1*531.
."> Palaphkodks thansvkksa.
This species, represented by only a single si)ocimen, ditVers much more widely from the others than tliev among themselves, it is broader oval than they, and the mjokings are ipiite dilVerently located. The head and body are light inst(^ad of dark, with a .straight, hnuul, traMsver.><e, dark belt
HEMIPTEUA— IIOMOPTERA— CEUOOriD.*:.
337
crossinj^ the hinder uur/giii of the thorax, but not involving tlie i)ale scutelluni. Tho tegniinti are marked at base by two very broad, dark, longitudinal stripes, on(3 following the costa for the basal two-fifths of the wing, and here bent inward half-way across the tegniina ; the other, most intense in color as soon as the scutelluni is i)as8ed, and not extending so far out as the costal patch, occupies the Ijase'of the davus; the pale inner base of the corium is therefore nearly iiu'losed with dark bands; outside of these basal markings, which extend nearly to the middle of the wing, is a broad, transverse, equal, pretty sharply edged, subapical, dark band, most intense in tone on the costal half
This insect differs so nnich from the others that I suspect it will be found necessary to separate it generically from them.
Length of body, 10.5"""; of tegmina, 7.5™"'; breadth of thorax, 3.5"""; of closed tegmina together, 6"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 4521.
APHROPHORA Germar.
Half a dozen species or more referred to this genus have been found fossil in amber, and at Oeniiigen, Aix, Radoboj, and at Greith, in the rocks; they have been mentioned or described by lierendt, Gravenliorst, Germar, Ileer, and Giebel. The single one here added, very imperfectly known, is placed '. .e only r.o the group giving its name to the subfamily.
Aphkopiioka sp. ri IJ), Fig. 10.
To Aphrophora as typical of the subfamily I refer some imperfect specimens which bear a certain general roseniblanct to Palecphora, but which have a rounded front to the thorax, showing that they should be brought in this division. None of them are perfect enough to enable one to drixw from all a proper description, for they appear to have been fragile inst^cts. Th(! structure of the legs appears to be as in Palecphora ; the tegmina to have been delicate and semi-transparent, and to have had a large subapical costal ch)ud.
Length of body, 1(>"'"'; of tegmina, S'""' ; brcadtli of thorax, 2.5""".
Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 13(J0, 3102, 3474, 437U, 11008, 14022. VOL Xlll 22
j
li
338
TEKTlAliY INSECTS OF NOBTU AMERICA.
CLASTOPTERA Germar.
It is not a little surprising to find in the Florissant shales a species of this highly specialized form. Apparently the teginina were not so remarkably convex as in modern types, but the presence of this genus indicates once more how thoroughly the ])re8oiit general features of insect form and struct- ure were established even as early as in Oligooeno times. It is the only fossil .species known. The genus belongs to the New World, and especially to the tropics, but at least a c juple of species are found on our southern Atlantic coast.
ClASTOI'TKKA (.'« (MSToCKI. PI. 10 Fif,'. '-'-'.
The head was mostly concealed under a flake of stone when the drawing for the plate was made, since removed; showing it to have had a front margin very regular!}- and very broadly convex, black like tin* very transverse thorax. The form of the dark, tcstacecnis scutellum is not (juite fairly given ill the plate; half as broad at base as the thorax, it is sharply and regularly triangular, almo.st or quite as long as the width of the thorax, and sharjdy pointed posteriorly. The teginina are about twice as long as broad, appar- ently nearly flat (wholly flattened on the stone), less than the apical third diaphanous, the remainder senncoriaceous and testaceous, the neuration obscured and even the sutura clavi scarcely perceptible, the davus appar- ently narrower and less broadly rounded at apex than in our living forms.
Length to tip of tegnn'na, 2.S"""; !)readth across closed tegmina, 2"'"
Named f(»r J. Henry Comstock, professor of entomology in Cornell University.
Florissant, Colorado. One specimen, No. (!Gr»r>.
Ovdin- lIlH:TKli()PTKKA Laticiile. Of the twenty families into which fossil Iletoroptera may be divided onlv five are remarkable for the abundance of their repnisentation in the existing fauna. The.se are the Reduviida", Capsida-, Lyga'ida', Coreidie, and I'entatomida- ; and these .same families are also well represented among the fossils, containin<f t'^>gether about foiu'-fifths of the total heteroptcrous fauna. Indeed, the only other family which can be regarded as at all abundant in Tertiary times is the Phy.sapodes, the known species sur|)assing those of the
HEMIPTERA— UBTEBOPTEKA.
339
Kediiviidii',. Of tlieso six fjimilies tho Lygrfidjp wore then tlio most abun- dant, contiiininfr a little more than 25 per cent of the whole, followed hard by tho Pentatoniidio with a little less than 25 per cent ; the Coreid* como next with 15 per cent, followed at nearly similar distance by the Car.^Idaj with 9 per cent. The I'hysapodes have 7 per cent and tho Reduviidaj only 4^ per cent, mainly because America is so strangely poor in this group, having indeed but a couple of species, the only groups at all common in America being tho four with the highest percentages. Here the relative per- centages in the two worlds are very different, as will appear from the follow- ing table, the Lygaadje having 33 per cent of the whole American fauna against 19J per cent in Europe ; the Pentatomida! 24 per cent in America against 25^ per cent in Europe, these two striking contrasts combining to give the Lygicid.-u the total preponderance, hitherto enjoj-ed by the Penta- tomiche ; the Ooreidix; 22 per cent in America against 9.^ per cent in Europe, and the Capsidai 9 per cent in America against 10 per cent in Europe,
Summary lut of knoxon fottil ITeteroptera.
Faiiiilifls.
Corixidi;'
NotoiK'ol 'n>...
Nopidiu
Bolostoiiiatidtu
Naiicori(la)
Galgiili(lu)
Saldidii!
Veliidiii
Hydrobatidii' . . Liintiobatidiit . . ,
Eeduviidai
NabidiD
Ar.ididip
Tini;ididn!
Acantliiidii'
CiipHidio
PliysaiiodcH
IjJUiridin
Cort'idm
I'entatoiiiida; ...
North America.
Genera. I Spooiea,
Total.
a
1 0 0 0
I
0 •2 •;>
0 •2 0 0
:! 1
7
:i
14 U\
80
Europe.
:! 1 0 0 0
I
0 2
;<
» ! 2 0 •0
;t 1
i:i ;i
.■)!
:!4 :t7
154
|
Genera, |
Species |
|
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
^^ |
|
2 |
I |
|
1 |
2 |
|
2 |
2 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
2 '^ 2 |
|
7 |
14 |
|
2 |
7 |
|
1 |
5 |
|
4 |
."i |
|
0 |
0 |
|
13 |
20 |
|
4 |
21 |
|
0 |
;iu |
|
12 |
19 |
|
14 |
.'■.I |
77
201
' What I formerly thought to he Arudidffi tiirnoil out to be Mjodoohin».
]
340
TEUTIAUY INSE(r:s OF NORTH AMERICA.
Of tho otlior Hinallor familiort the only ones which surpiiHS more than five known fossil species in all are tho Naliiihe with seven species and tho Tini^iditltc with eight ; of these there have been found in America no Nabi- dii! whatever and the smaller half of the Tingididii*. Other families not found in America are the Nepida\ Helostoniatidie, Nuucoridie, Saldidje, Liumoba- tid.T, and Aradida*, all but the Saldidie having' more than one species in Europe. On the other hand the only family found in America and not in Europe is the Acanthiidai with a single species. The remaining smaller families represented on both (u^ntinents vary in their numbers from one to three in America and from (»ne to four in Europe.
If, however, we omit from this enumeration the forms which have been found in amber, and thus compare those (»f the rocks only, as in the follow- ing table, we shall meet with somewhat different results.
Table u//os»il lleteropteia from rock dtiioattH.
Fikiiiilics.
Corixiilin
Notoiieutid;i>...
N'i'pi<lii>
HcloHtoninfid.'p.
Naiicoridiii
Giilgiiliilii"
SnlilidiM
Vtdiidiu
Il.v<lr<iliatid]i' . . Liiiiiiol)atidii> ..
Keduviidii'
Nillii(l:i<
Aradidiii
Tingididiu
AcniithiidK'
C'up.iidu)
l'li,V8.'ipndfH
Ljgii!idiB
Cort'idiii
IVtituloiiiidiH .
Total
North Amoricn.
Oonora. SiwcioH.
0 o
0 0
:i 1
7
:j
II
li:
U 1
0 0 0
t
0
a :i
0 2
0 0
» 1
i;» :i r,\ ;ti ;!7
i.-it
|
Knropo. |
|
|
Ocnora |
Spouieg. |
|
1 |
'i |
|
1 |
3 |
|
o |
3 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
2 |
'i |
|
1 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
0 |
IJ |
|
2 |
5 |
|
1 |
• > |
|
3 |
4 |
|
() |
0 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
4 |
18 |
|
1) |
37 |
|
a |
IH |
|
M |
.^() |
|
.^.1 |
KiJ |
HEMll'TIiiBA-UETEUOPTEllA.
341
The principal change wliich may be noted here is the almost total extinction of the Capsida- in the European reprosontation which shows but a single species ; the Saldiila; and Ilydrobatidic do not appear and the Aradidic are notalily reduced. The greatest contrasts botween the Euro- pean and American rocks, with an almost equal total nur ■' jr of species,' is seen in the Capsida*, which have 8 jjcr cent of the total fauna in America, O.G per cent in Europe, and the Coreidaj with 22 per cent in America and 1 1 per cent in Europe ; these are the only cases of striking contrast in which the American fauna is the richer; the others are the Keduviiduj, 1.3 per cent for America, 7.4 per cent for Europe; the Nabida", none for America, 3 per cent for Eui'ope ; and the Physapodes 2 per cent for America, 11 per cent for Europe. The contrasted balance of the Lygividie and Pentatomida) is well seen, America having 33 per cent of Lygaidte and 24 per cent of Pentatomidro, Europe 23 per cent of the former and 31 per cent of the latter- Very little change appears in the smaller families (a relatively small number of which occur in amber) except in the entire absence of any repre- sentatives of Ilydrobatidaj and Suldida*, the former occurring in America. It is also surprising to see how little the larger families (with a single excep- tion) are affected by the new table, amber having but the meagerest possi- ble contribution to offer to the Pentatoniida', Coreida', Lyga'idic, and Physapodes, while the single exception noted above of the Capsidai is a startling one, amber furnishing nineteen of the twenty European Tertiary species
It may be worth while to extend some of these comparisons in a differ- ent direction, that of existing American faunas. There are, I believe, but three opportunities for such comparison. First, Mr. Uliler's Check-list of the North American lleteroptera (188(1), wliicli embraces all species knowii at the time, including the I\Iexican and West Indian ; second, the same writer's valuable List c»f the Ilemiptc i of the region west of the Mississippi (1876), which represents particularly the geographical region of our Tertiary fossil lleteroptera; and, tiiird, Mr Distant's contribution to the Biologia Centrali Auiericana (1880-89), which has a decidedly more southern aspect than Uhler's general list. Distant's work has progressed only through the larger families (in reverse order to that followed here) and indeed at tliis writing the supplement to the tirst volume is not complete, and accordingly in what
' 111 I liu urmiiioratioii of tlm Kiuoimhui spnuiiis a connidor.vblo iiumbur ut'uudosvribed species are intro- Uucutl wliuiw proitenoo has been merely iuilicated by Htaterueiits uf ditforeut naturalists.
342
TKKTIAUV INSHCTS OK NOUTO AMBIUOA.
^'ollows I liiivo omitted nil coiiHiilumtion of that, to inako the coinpariHonM more tM|ual)lo. For tho 8aiiie ruaHoii, iit order to luso thu last work at all, I liavo instituted coinparisoiKs only between the familius there elaborated, and have used tho family jrroujKS in tho same sense as there, except only that I have regarded liis I'yrrhocorida' as a f^roup of L)j;a'ida'.
These fonr families are indeed tho very ones, and, as will bo seen, tho onlv ones which assnme any importance in tho American Tertiaries; and a comparison of tiieir interrelation as to nnmbers can be shown succinctly by the following table, whicii exhibits the relative percentage of representa- tion of each of these families in the dill'erent reyions and times as represented in the published lists — tiie only available ones, and which may be supposed to represent, not tho numbers, but tho relations with tolerable accuracy:
FuinilioN.
Ainitrii'nii TtTliuiy.
riil.T;
WlwItTII
LiHt.
CapHi(lii<
LyUU'iilii'
Coruidii-
Puiitatoiiiiila'
Total ...
!».0
:i7.8
',Vi 1 •^7. •»
tn». u
11.0 31.4 SiJ. 1 34.5
riilor; (icru'rul
LiHt,
DiHtaiit: Ci'iil rnl Anierk'ii.
25.0 19.2
•ii.e
34.1
!i7.:i 17.7 •Jl. 7
10(1. »»
Ol*. !•
Slit. ;i
Tho correspondence of tho numbers in tho last two columns is evon less remarkable than the di.sturbance of tlie relative jiercentaj^es of the Cap- sidio and Lyfj^a'ida- of tho western list when compared w ith those of tho Amoriciin and Central American forms ; tho merest indication of such an overturn is shown in the comparison of the nearer American and the more distant Central American lists; but the overturn is still more complete and in the same direction when we compare tlu^ e.\istin;r and the fossil fauna of the West. The relative repn^sentation, then, of the fi»ur principal families of tilt! Tertiary Ileteroptera «»f the western half of <»ur continciiit agrees con- .sj)icuously better with the relative re|)resentati(iM of the existing fauna of the same geographical region than witii tliat of the other regions of the same world. Either the |)liysical conditions of the region in (piestion have remained since Oligoceiie times in the same relative contrast to those of the other regions uiider comparison, or the present Ileteropterous fauna of tho West shows a decided relation to tliiit which existed on the same ground in Tertiary times, or both.
IIILMll'THUA— lIliTKKOl'TEUA-COltlXlU.E.
343
Art ill tlio lIoiiioptfTiv, anrl for tlio Hiiine <,'t'iK'riil reasons, it lias been found iuiponilivo t<» orttiiblisli in tlu; Ilcteroptoni a laij^c minilior of now gciicrii! {groups to treat tlimn on tliosaino principles tliat j^uidu tlio zoloogist. (Jliamctoristics of structure) in antagonism to tlioso provalont to-day in tlio saniu groups run throughout largo divisions, or oven faniilios, and uiust bo takon into account if wo aro to do justice to tlu) facits. Hringing those thus into protninoiico will servo the useful pur|)oso of stinmlating iiupiiry into their moaning and origin, which the data at present at hand aoeni iMade(iuate to explain. That many of these extinct types attained a high degree of diU'erentiation is rcfudily seen by a glance at the tabular view at the fiid of tlie volume, where a largo number of the genera will be found to have been represented by a half dozen or more speciea each, some of them at the time very abundant in individuals.
Family CORIXID^ Douglas and Scott.
This family, which first appears in the Tortiaries,' is very poorly ropro- sented there. Only two European species are known, one each from Oeningon and Stfisacheii. The latter species, very small and probably immature, is hardly recognizable oxcej)t as a water-bug of some kind. Tlnit from ( )eiiiiig(n, referred like the other to the existing and wide-spread genus Corixa, is intermediate in character between the two species of Corixafrom Florissant we are able to add here, liut the most Interesting form which we give lielow is the strange insect from Florissant, unfortunately but imperfectly preserved, which seems to comiiino some of the characters of Corixidie and Notoncctida-, and to form the type of a new genus, probably most nearly allied to Sigara.
I,;
I'ROSlGAllA gen. nov. (-rpo, Sigara, nom. gen.).
This is !i very curious, robust, new form of Corixidte, which seems more nearly related to the* gerontogeic Sigara than tlie almost cosmopolitan Corixa. It is, however, clearly distinguished from either in the great size of the head. [This is given, however, as much too large in the plate, where the femur of the left foro leg is confounded with it.] The head is even larger than in the
' IJtiIcHH till' iiii(iil\ prcsfrvi <l insect t'nptn thu wliito.Iurunl' Itiivaiia, wliifh Oppeiibciui has recently referred Joubtfiilly to Corixu, in to bo rejiunlt'd us 'luloiijjiiiii} hero.
it
844
THUrrAKY INHUCTH OF NORTH AMKKICA.
Notoiioctiila', siihrotiiml, l»iit I'liihruriii;,' tliu tlionix poHturiorly as in Onrixa; it has a iitLHliaii sdlcatioii. I'liu tlioi'ux is rotiiarkaltly lar^^u, liroador than tho hoHil, only alxtiit twicv as broad m loujf, well romnUnl, posteriorly tnincatc, st'itaiatiiii^ oO' ii iai|>i! trlaiij^iilar scutc'lliiui (n;,niiii liko N«»touocta) whoso [Histcrior sides are convex and the apex rounded ; it is only a littlo shorter than the thorax and alionf halt as hroad as it. The hunielytra arc liroiid and will rounded, the elavus very liroad, the meinhraiu) indistin- guishalde from the eoriuni, the apex well rounded, the tips of tho opposifo pairs overlappin<r as in 8i;j^ara ; the veins are luitnorouH and divergent liku the rays of a fan. The lej^'s are loiijr ami slender, the nnddlu pair nearly as long as the body, the tarsi biartieiilate, the joints subenual. A .single species is known.
I'koskjaka klabki-lum. PI. 22, Via. 12.
A sinirle s]iecinien, showing a dorsal view. Tho whole body is dark gray and the hemelytra delicately mottled, through which the dusky veins, growing darker apically, make their way, and, radiating in the broader apical part of the corium, from which the ineml)raiie is indistinguishable, form tho most conspicuous feature of the markings ; none (»f the lust, however, appear in tho ch'vus. The tarsus of the middle legs is not shown in tint figure.
Length of Ixulv, (i""" ; breadth, l.S-)"""; length of tegmina, 3.5"""; breadth, 1.4"'"' ; length of middle (?) leg beyond side of body, 5""".
Florissant. One specimen, N(». lOHS.
COHIXA Geotfroy.
As stated above, two European species of this widely distributed gonus nro known from the European Tertiarie.s, to which we are able to add two others from Floris.sant with well defined characteristic markings.
Table nf the $ptcira of t'orija.
ToKininii iiKin- tli:iii fmir liiiir.s li)iij;rr tliiiii broiiil 1. ('. raniluzrei
'rcgiiiiiiH ltH.1 I hail four tiuiuij luiigor tbaii limad 'J. C. immema.
1. CoKIXA VANI)t/Ki:i. l'\. 2J, I'i;;. 17.
A very pretty species of about the size and form of fl alternata Say, but mont nc^arly allie(i to (J. int<;rrupta Say, not only in markings but also
IIKMIPTKRA-IIKTKUOPTKUA-COllIXIDyK.
345
in iho form of tlio coHtiil fioM I liiivo Hoon hut fow of our iniiiiy HpocloH of tliis goiuirt, hut Mr. Ulilor, who ImH noon only tho fif^uro of tho proHoiit Hpo- ciuH, in'onuH nio that it HhowH nioHt r*!sunil)liiiu;() in lunrlviiij^H to C prii'UNtii Fitii). of Kuropo. Thi) thorax in diirlc iiiul more or Iuhh motth!'! with piilo, ii mottling wliich nppuarH to navu a traiiHVurHu disposition, l)nt tho condition of nono (»f tho upociniuns allows ono to say whother it is as rn^^nilmly dis- posed as on tho homclytra or not. On thoso tho costal field is pallid with a dusky vein oxtondiuj^ down tho niiddlu, and is very broad just l)oyond tlio base, boing in tho middlo of tho basal half G(pnd to ono-third tho entiro hruadth of tho honiolytra; boyond it narrows, and opposite tho obli(pio termination of tho corium is lightly marked with tho faintly and delicamly undulate narrow, dark, bands of tho rest of the hemelytra ; these are some- what broader than tho intervening pallid spaces, and traverse tho corium nnd davus alike with more or less but ordinarily not nuich ir.torruption at the suture; on tho membrano these darker bands become shattered as if l)y a jar which has almost but not quite destroyed at once their transverse and their linear character.
Length of body, 7.5""" ; of tegmina, G""" ; breadth of closed tegnuna,
Named for Mr. E. 1*. Van Duzee, of lUittalo, a careful student of our native Ilemiptora, who.so assistance has been of great service in tho study of the fossil forms.
Fiorissant. Five specimens, Nos. 32li», 3409, 3GG5, 5178, 72G'J.
2. CORIXA IMMEU8A. PI. 22, Viff. 10.
A robust form with more ol)scuro markings than the preceding but very similar in character. The head and thorax are dark and uniform, and the hemelytra may best V)e described as dark, traversed more or less distinctly, more distinctly di.stally than next the base, with pale, tremulous, continuous threads, which cross corium and davus alike but are stopped by the costal field, which is slender and nearly equal throughout; on the mem- brane the markings are shattered and j)resent precisely the appearance they do in C. vanduzeei ; the markings bear much resemblance to those of C hellensii Sahib, of Europe, as figured by Snellen.
346 TERTIARY IXSRCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Loiigth of body, G""" ; of tegminu, ft"'"'; breudtli of closed toguiina, 2.85""".
Florissuiit. Tliree Hpeciuieiis, Nos. 145h, 2238, (1978
Family NOTONECTID^ Stephens.
This fiiinily of water-buffs mukos its first appeaninco in the Tertiaries, and tlioii ill vuiy scanty numbers. Hut four species are known, all of tlieni referred to the existinj^ genus Notonecta, which has now a wide distribu- tion. The throe known Kurrpean fossil species have been reported respect- ively fn>ni Kutsclilin, Uot^, aim Aix. The fourth is the species from Flor- issant, described belo.v.
XOTOXECPA LinnJ.
A single .small species of this genus has occurred at Florissant of a sim- ilar size as, but of a more robust form than, the s[)ecies described by Deicli- miiller from Kutschlin ; a second larger species has also been described by Ileyden from Hott, and a third ha:, been indicated by Hope from Aix. Existing species of the genus most abundant in temperate regions are found nearly all over the world.
Notonecta emkrsoni. PI. 22, Fig. 11.
A small species, r)f whicli possibly only immature individuals are at hand. The smaller showing the dorsal surface is certainly .so, and the other showing the ventral surface is not clearly determinable in this respect. The description is taken mainly from the larger. It is of a very regular oval form and is apparently mature, sii>ce on one sid(> is seen the edge of the iiemelytra, or what can hardly be regarded otherwise. Fiinges of combed hairs are (iircctid obli(|iicly backward on the sides of the abdomen, and the median forked line on its posterior portion seems to indicate the hcmelytral sutun; of the upper surfiico seen through the body. Tho hind legs arv_ of the usu;'.l type, tcririinating in a blunt point — blunter than appears in the figure, and are minutely fringed with delicate short spines. The femur, tibia, and firf^t tarsal joint are subc(puil.
HEMIPTERA— nETEUOPTEKA— GALGULID^.
347
Length of body, 4.2'"'"; breadtli, 1.85"""; length of hind legs, 5.35""°. The species is named for tho Massachusetcs geologist, Prof. B. K. Emerson, of Amherst.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 3857, 10729.
Family GALGULID>€: Westwood.
The only fossil hitherto known as belonging to this fami) ■ is i■^i 'nsect from the brown coal of Rott, described by Iloydon as a miio iiu'lor the name Linmocharcs antiquum, but shown by liertkau to be a galgulid, and ])rol>'il)ly only a larval skin of one at that, liertkau also regards the Flor- issant fossil, described above as a Thysanuran under tho generic name Planocephahis, as a very si-nilar creatuj'e and probably a larval galgulid, but in this I can not follow I'm ; nor are any other Galgulidju known among the mass of insects found at Florissant. In the similar beds at Green River, however, a single insect is preserved (all but the abdomen) which seems to present characters which show it to bo the nearest related to Pelogonus, which, however, I know only fiom description and the figuie of Dufour The present species is very remarkal)le for several points : the form of the head, the absence of any sign of eyes on the upper surface of the same (darker patches at the outer limits of the head probably indicate their exist- ence at tir's point beneath), the flattened body, and the long, rod-like legs, the front pair longer and larger than the others, but quite sip)ilar in char- acter (except for lacking a tarsal joint) and in lu) way rajjtoria! It shows certain resemltlances to Aphelocheirus, but on tho wholo seems rather a member of this family than of the Naucoridtr.
NEC'YGOXUS gen. nov. {vihv?, yort}).
Body \>ro-<nil oval, np[)arently nnn'h flattened. Head subsemicircular, jnoro than twiiv an l>road as long, the front border strongly and uniformly r.)un(l( d, hind lx)rd(f? truncate, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes ap- parently wholly inferior, situated at the jxisterior outer angles. Rostrum long, lancet-shajX'^I. n-rf ^cry sharply pointed, the last joint aliout a fourth of the total length. Anteun;e long and sleiuler, considerably hmger than the width of the body, the last joint nearly as long as the tarsi. All tho legs long, slender, rod-like, similar, the femora nowhere swollen but twice
348
TEKTIAUY INSECTS Ol? NOllTU AMElilOA.
ii
!i
as broad iis tlioir tibue, which equal or surpass them in length, the fore femora considerably longer than the middle pair; all the tarsi equal, but the fore tarsi two-jointed, the others throe-jointed, the joints of eacii sub- equal.
This genus differs markedly from Pelogonus, to which it appears to be the most nearly allied, in the great length of the fore legs, which seem to show arelationsiiip to the Naucoridiv, though they are in no sen^e raptorial. It is also peculiar for the want of eyes upon the upper surface of the ijead. The legs are smooth.
A single species is known.
NkcYGONU.S KOTrNDATUS.
I'l. 7, Fig. 8.
Althougii the abdomen is wanting, the form of the anterior part of the body, with the anterior position of the legs, woidd indicate that the creature was of a short oval form, very likely twice as long as broad. The tlat body, both head and thorax, are <>f a slightly granular textiu'e, and of a du.sky color, uniforui for body and legr?, except that the head is slightly darker than the rest.
Breadth of body, 3.5'""': liead, 2.5'"': length of head, 1'""'; rostrum, 2.(5"""; antenn;e (as far as preserved, detached from the body), 4""" ; fore femora, 3.2.5'"'"; tibi;e, 3.7.">'"'": tarsi, 1""^'; middle feuiora, 2.1h"""; tiWuv, 2.G5'"'"; tarsi, 0.9"""; hind tarsi, 1.2'""'.
Green lliver, Wyoming-. One specimen, \o 107, Dr. .V. 8. i'ackard.
Family VELllD.^ Douglas and Scott.
Westwood states that spccit-s allied to Wlia oicni' in the Secondary rocks of Kuglaud, l»ut there is no tiixurc <>f them, and this is the only men- tion of their occurrence l)efor(' the T'M'ti;irifs. Siinilai'ly thcironly mention in the later series is bv iSerres, wIh' siiys that at Aix a species of "(mutIs' occurs which he compares to \'elia cunens. In our (»wn Tertiaries two species have oi'('urre(l, at I'"lori.ssant, ea.<'li apparently belonging to a dis- tinct ami extinct genus; these I have calle<l PaheoveUu and Htenovelia.
Tuhli (if Ihf i/iHeia of !'• Iiido:
Hi ml liblin ami first t.irHiil joint .iniiPd iit tip witli Umg hihiii-m 1. Valanrelia.
Hi ml tiliiii- ,iml lit it titrn.'il juiiit iwit ariiu-il at tip with Inn;; ipint-N 'i. Stciunelia.
I
i tI
IIEMIPTBUA— IlETEUOPTERA-VELllI)^.
349
1. PAL-iEOVELIA gen. nov. {TraXaio?, Veliji, noni. gen.).
Head much as in Microvelia, small, subtriangular, with rounded angles, a little bmader than long, plunged to the eyes in the roundh' eniarginate jn-othorux, and continuing the curve of its rapidly narrowing sides, the part in front of the eyes a little shorter than they, 'i'horax pentagonal, the sides sul)e(iuid, the lateral faces straight, the front concave, the posterior faces still more concave but a little shorter thati the others, the median posterior process not reaching far back, rather acute. Body widest at the posterior sides of the thorax, tiie abdomen tapering but little, in its posterior third roundly narrowing, terminating in a bifid plate, the posterior part of the abdonioii l)luntly conical, and the entire liody having a long ovate shape. Hind legs very short, onl}' reaching the tip of the abdomen, the femora and tibii« of nearly ecjual length, the tarsi lougei than either, the tibiae and first tarsal joint both armed at the tip with prominent delicate spines, the tarsi three-jointed.
A single species is known.
PALiEOVELIA SPINOSA. I'l. L»2, Fig. 13.
The single specimen appears to ])e seen on the ventral surface only, showing a pale gray abdomen, while all the other parts are black; the thorax and basti of abdomen are clothed not very densely with exceedingly fine, short, dark hairs directed laterally outward, while beyond, an obscure dotting on the abdomen would seem to indicate similar but erect hairs. The legs ai ■ pretty thwikly beset with fine, stitl' hairs, the apical spines of the tibia and first tarsal joint about as long as the width of the joint, the tibiai also witli an api<"al or preapicul spur fully twice as long.
Length of Iwdy, ;;.(iry"'"; breadtii, 1.85""" : length of hind femur, 0.8""" ; tibia, 0.8""" : tarsi, 1.2""".
Florissant. ( )ne specimen, No. 13325.
2. STEN<JVt:LLA gen. nov. (ffrtvd?,' Velia, nrom. gen.)
Ilody robust, Wunr oval Heail narrow but not very small, rounded ^■iMptadrate, altimt half as large as the pronotum, but rather longer than it, the
■ Tlui n.aiiD' is );ivuii in uUiiHioii to tlu> coiiliiiud (iiiirounliiigN of this genuH of Voliitlw, not to any MieoileruxHB of form.
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TEllTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
moderatoly Ini-fre eyes at tlio very base. Antonn.T four-jointed, about reach- inj; to the baso of the middle leji-s, the joints of nearly equal length, but the first and fourtli a little the loufjest and the second shortest, the first cylin- drical and moderately stout, the last oval, the others obovate and n little slenderer. IVonotuni faintly set off' trom the rest of the thorax as a trans- verse piece more than twice as broad as long, the thorax as a whole pentag- onal, the posterior border being subangulate and the posterior sides of the pentagon oidy slightly (»bli(|ne ; front margin straight and longer than any (if the others, though the thorax narrows forward rather rapidly. Legs short and .stout, the fore legs about half as long as the others, the hind i)air the longest, though the ini<ldle and hind femora are subecjual ; the hind tibia? longer than the middle tibia- or than the femora, while the femora and tibia? are efjUfil in Mic fore and middle legs, or the tibia is only slightly longer than the fennir in tlie middle legs; tarsi three-jointed, the joints tcderably long, the last a little shorter than the others Abdomen oval, well rounded, the last two joints sometimes produced. No trace of wings. A single species is known.
Stenovflu mora. PI. i.'2, Fi^H. ,s, 14.
Whole l)ody uniformly dead black ; the pigment in some cases has broken in flaki's trom the legs, esperiallv die midule and hinder pairs, giving them a niorrled a])pearance which .** purt-ly accidental. The whole body, including tlie legs, anilormly smoottlii, with no trace of hairs or spines.
Length of body, .'i.T.')"""; breadth, L6.')"""; l»-iigth of antemnv, LI""";
fore femora, O.T.')""": tibi;e, O.T.V : tarsi, O.Si."""; u-iddle femora, L'J""™;
tibije. 1.3""": tarsi, 0.8"""; hind fwnora. 1.2"'"'; tibia>, L4"'"' ; tarsi, O.S"'".
Florissant. Twenty-three specimens, No». 87.'>, HIH, 1934, 2!)3(J, 3020, 32()8, 38G6. i\4:*l, I'lG'h !)243, !»4!t!», 9563, y.")H9. 10344, 10G91, 10787, 1094.'), 12074. 1209S, 12<>99, 12930, 1402r), 14^)8L
Family HYDRO BATID.^e Stal.
This fimiilv was perhaps known in M^sozoic times. Oppenheim, iinlecd. figures two species which he refers tf» .. new genus Ilalotnetra, sup- po- ! to lieloiig here, liut which Deichmiiller has shown should be referred to the Acridii, among (Mhoptera. Perhaps here, however, l)eIong unfignred and unde.scril)ed forms trom the English nicks referred by Westwood to
DEMIPTEUA— HETEROPTRRA— HYDROBATID.E.
351
Ilyclrometra Tn tlio European Tertiaries Gemmr figures two insects he regards as immature and as belonging to Ilydrometra or Ilalobates, or botli, and vvhicli also appear to belong to this faniil}-. liurnieister further says that Serres mentions a " chariicteristic Hydrometra" from Aix, but as a comparison will show, he has evidently written Hydrometra for Ploiaria, and that is quite another insect. In our own country we have a couple of sj)eciesfrom Wyoming and British Columbia belonging to an extinct genus, Telmatrechus, described below, related to Ilygrotrechus, found in the North Temperate zone of both worlds; and a species of Metrobates, a genus peculiar to eastern North America.
TELMATRECHUS gen. nov. {TtX^in, rp^ym).
This genus is closely allied to flygrotrechus Stal, and, combining as it does many of the features of this genus and Limnotrechus Still, may well have been the lineal predecessor of both. The antenniv have the first joint only a little longer than the second. The eyes are not at all prominent. The thorax is relatively shorter than in Ilygrotrechus. The legs are very long, the tibijv of each pair of legs about as long as the femora of the same legs, un equality which I have not found in any other genera of Hydro- batidic ; in the fore legs the equality is perfect ; in the middle legs the tibia; are slightly longer, in the hind legs slightly shorter, than the femora ; the hind femora are slightly longer than the middle pair ; so far as can be told from the imperfect remains the tarsi of the middle and hind legs are very much shorter than, not a half or probably a third the length of, their respective tibise. The posterior lateral edges of the sixth abdominal seg- ment are produced to a tooth precisely as in Limnotrechus.
Two species are found in the western Tertiaries.
TahU of the species of Telmatrcvhus.
Itody Rtnnt, with nImoHt rognlnrly tapering abdouion 1. T. stall.
Uudy Hluudur, witb nearly equal abdonieu, tapering distinctly only at tlio extremity.. .3. T. paralklus,
1. Telmatrechus stall PI. 2, Figs. 11, 12.
JTiigrotrrrhm stSU Sciidd., Rep. Progr. Gool. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 18:t-184n (1879).
The thorax seems to be shorter than in Ilygrotrechus, with the limits of the prosternum more visibly marked from .above ; the eyes do not ap- pear to be so prominent, and the first anteinial joint would seem, from the
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352
TEUTIAUY INSKCTS OK NORTH AMKRICA.
j)Osition of tho otliers, to bo shdrtor tlian in Hyf^rotrocluis. Tlio insect is of about thn same size as our II. remi<fis (Say). Tho lioad, as seen on a side view, is small and rounded ; thorax miiuitoly scabrous lijvo tho head, nar- rowinfi!' rather rapidly and unifonnly, the posterior limit of tho prostoriuun marked by a sli<(ht depression next tho anterior coxa", tho whole thorax con- siderably loufj^er than broad. Abdomen taperin*^, the apical angles of tho sixth seffineiit pntdueod to a sharp but short spine, reachin;^' the middle of the suoceedinfj sejrment. Antenna' nearly (perhaps quite) as lony as the head and thorax fo<fother. Fori! femora equal, stout, as long .as the thorax; fore tibia- of the same length; middle and hind legs very slender ; middle femora considerably more than twice as long as the fore femora, the tibia- nearly three times as long as the fore tibia- and of the sajne length as the hind femora ; hind tibia- a little more than twice as long as the fore femora; first joint of bind tarsi about one-iifth the length of the hind tibia-. On one of tho specimens, preserved on a dorsal view, a line is seen proceeding from either side of the thorax, directly in front of the middle coxa-, and passing toward and nearly to tho middle of tho hinder edge of the second abdom- inal .segment with .some distinctness, accompanied on tho .second and third se<rments bv other lines which seem to indicate the veins of the teyfmina, the first mentioned line being the sutura clavi ; but all trace of lines is lost beyond the third segment, as if the wings did not extend over more than half the abdomen ; on the specimen preserved on a side view, they appear to extend to the hind edge t»f the sixth abdominal segment. Attached to the |H)sterior extremity of the abdomen is a pair of stout lappets, nearly straight, l»ut curving slightly outward, equal, about twice as long as broad, rotnided and very .slightly produced at the tip.
In a specimen (No. 70) which 1 have considered an innnaturo indi- vidual of this species, but which may possibly be a Metrobates, the middle and third femora are of etpial length.
Length of body, lit.Tr)"""; of head. 1. .">""": of thorax, 5"""; breadth of anterior extremity of thorax, 1 7.")"""; of posti-rior extremity, JVo""" ; of sixth abdominal .segment, 2"""; length (»f fore femora, ."»"""; (»f fore tibia-, fi""" ; of middle femora, 12.."."""; of middle tibia-, 14"""; .ifhind femora, 14"'"'; of hind tibia-, 11.5'"'"; of first joint hind tarsi, 2..'{""" ; of abdominal lappets, 1..'}"""; breadth of himl femora, (».;(.'>"'"'; of hind tibia>, (».2"""; of hind tarsi, 0. 1 [)""•'.
IIEMIPTEHA-MCTEROPTERA-HYDROBATIDiK.
353
I niiine this interesting species after my lamented friend, Dr. C. Stftl, of Stockholm, whose marvelous industry imd keen insijtrlit into the structure' oi Henn'pteni is known to all entomologists.
Three miles up the north fork of the Similknmeen Kiver, British Columbia. Three specimens, Nos. 70, 71 and 72, 73. Geological Survey of Canada, G. M. Dawson, collector.
2. Telmatkeciius parallelus. PI. 4, Fig. 1.
Two specimens are at hand, neither of them quite perfect. The species differs markedly from the pre.reding (with which it agrees iu size) in the almost perfectly parallel sides of the abdomen, which is of the same width as the thorax ; it tapers only on the last two segments. The head as seen on a side view is perhaps shorter than in T. stftli, and very much smaller thai, the thorax ; as there, both it and the thorax are minutely scabrous. The whole body is of a tolerably uniform dark testaceous color, and the segments of the middle of the abdomen are about equally long and broad, while in T. stali they are nearly twice as broad as long.
I.ength of body, 20'""' ; breadth of thorax, 2.75"'- • of sixth abdominal segment, 2.2;V"" ; length of fore femora, 5-r).5""" ; fore tibia?, 5-5.-)""" ; mid- dle femora, 11-13"""; hind femora, 13-15""".
Twin Creek, Wyonnng. Two specimens, No.s. 14601, 15076.
METROBATES Uhler.
A single species of this genus is known, inhabiting the eastern United States. A nnu;h larger and somewhat slenderer form appearing to belong here occurs in the Florissant beds. It was provisionally referred by me to Ilalobates before Metrobates was known to me autoptically.
MeTROBATES .ETEKNALIS.
PI. 22, Fig. 15. .
Body considerably elongated, but solely by the prolongation of the Ujesonotuni, which is about twice as long as broad, thus separating at con- siderable distance the fore and after legs; the abdomen is no longer than
VOL XIII 23
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TKrtTIAHY 1N8KCTS OK NORTH AMKKICA.
tlic width of tlu' thorax ,ni(l tiipcrs rapidly to a point ; tlio wiiij^H ar(( Hlcnder, j)iipa'tbrm, ovat« pads haviiifr u subl)asul circuhir macula, a ciMitral, htiif^i- tiuh'iial costal .strifia, and just licyoiid it u Htronjily ol)Ii(iii(', siihtriangidar, costal |)atch, all pallid on a Idackish irronnd ; these do not clearly appear on all specimens The head is not well pii-^'-rved oi' any "pecimeii. The lejjs are ver\ delicat<dv covered with short and exceedinyh tine recumlteiit hairs, and trinji'ed beneath with an almost ecjually delicate series of short distant spinules.
Lenf-th of !)ody, 7"""; breadth, l.Tf)"'"'; length of fore femora, 2"""; tibia'. 1/)"""; tarsi. 1.1"""; middle femora, 4."Jf)-(i""" ; tibia', 4 .T'" ; tarsi, •J+ : hind femora, 3..'')-').5""" ; tibia', 4""".
Florissant. Three specimens, of which one is immature, Nos. f)i>25, 10723, 12782.
Famiiy REDUVIID/E Stephens.
This family, to which so considerable a share of our north temperate bufi's beloiiffs, is represented in the Kuropean Tertiaries li\ a innnber of species and <fenera l»elon}»'in<>; to no less than five different subfamilies. All the ^renera are mtxlern types. 'I'he Heduviina are the more common, llarpactor liavinj.'' six species at Oenin<^'en and Kadoboj, Kvayoras one at Oenin^cn, while species of Keduvins (in a broad sense) are mentioned .'is occurrini; at Aix and in andter; the Piratina are represented by a I'irates at Hadoboj ; the Acanthaspidina by a IMatymeris in and)er ; the Stenopo- dina by two species of Stenoprda at Oeninj^en, and the I'lieariina by a IMoiaria said to occur at Aix.
Curiously enouj,di, the family is very meii<ierly dis|)laye(l at present in the American Tertiaries. At my first examination many species were placed here provisionally which a (doser study showed to btdon;,"- elsewhere; and even the " Reduvius" described fntm the (ireen River Iteds belonirs, as I have elsewhere shown, rather to the (Jorizida. There rtMuain only a couple of forms at Florissant, each known oidy by a sinyle specimen, to represent this yreat faniilv. One belonj^s to tlu Acanthaspidina, but shows no afliiiitv to the sin<.;le mend)er of this <i^roup known from amber, the other to the Saicina, and both must be referred to extinct jreiiera, in direct and complete oppcjsirion to the Kuropean Tertiary Reduviidjc as we know them to-diiy.
IIEMIPTEUA— IJKTKUOPTEItA— BKDIJVIII)^.
355
Siiblumily ACANTHASPIDINA Stdl.
The only Hpociuw liitliorto found fosHil in this Hul)fiunily {rroup \» one (UiHcribcd nmny years iif»'o ns ti IMiityniciiis by (lornmr, and was found in Prussian nniber. Tho ono ffiven below is tiiu tirst from tho rocks,
KOTHES f-en. nov. (ijcoGi).
A ;ifeini8 of Acanthaspidina of unusually slender form. Head oidy a little loufror than broad, the eyes of moderate size and prominent, the part in front of them about twice as lonjjf as tho postocular part, the front truncate and sli<j;htly emarginate ; ocelli lar<fe, situated opposite the iiinder edj^e of the eyes, separated oidy by their own diameter or sli<>htly more than that. Antenna- apparently seated on small j)rominences somewhat in advance of the eyes, the prominences with a small exterior spine; first joint longest, longer than the width of the thorax, second and third joints stibecpial, and a litth; slenderer and shorter than the scarcely incrassated terminal joint, tho whole nearly two-thirds as long as tho body. Thorax as a whole cuneiform, tapering forward regularly but not strongly, the sides almost straight, the tapering portion .scarcely shorter than its breadth, unarmed ; scutelluin very tapering, pointed, but hardly jn-oduced into a spine. Legs long and slender, wholly unarmed, similar in form to tIio.se of Opsic<i'tus, the first hiiul tarsal joint nearly twice as long as the second and third together. Hemelytra slender, with no jnominent veins, the coriuni elon- gated externally, the membraiuil suture very obli(pie and sinuous.
Apparently nearest to Opsiccetus King, this genus differs from it in its much slenderer form, tho want of a strongly constricted necik, and the stoutness of the terminal joints of the antenna^ ; the structure of the tarsi is ali.o peculiar.
A single species is known.
EOTUKS F.LEO ANS.
PI. i»(i, Viix. r..
m'
'I'he whole body is dark, but is marked laterally by a black stripe which follows tho outer margin of the thoi-ax viewed from above, from the base of the hemelytra forward, and a})pears to cross also the head, follow- ing the inner margin of the eye and terminating on the front, the whole tolerably straight and continuous, with a slight angle in passing from the
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TKirriAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKItKJA.
thorax fi» tln» liciul; l»c.siilt's tliis tliM <lisk of t\w tlii»rii\ in flarkcr, li'iviii<^ of II Ii;ilit(r f(»lor iioiirlv tlio wlioh* .ulterior lolx? iiinl tln> outer posterior angles williiii the black ntripo, and tlie whole thorax in i-atlier (listmitly ami heavilv pmu'tate with hiack ; the sciitt^Uiiiu is also li<rht i-olored, iiairowly iiiar;riiie(l with hlaekishoii all sides, hut lieiivily in tlie lateral aii;,'']es. Tho heiiKdvtra have tlKM-orium dusky and the lueuihraiie t'uli^^inous, the t'or?ner with the veins j)uuetate in i)laek. 1 .ej^s pale and uniform, except that the tips of tlie tiliia- and tin; tarsi are tlusky ; tlioso aro also (dothed with (fxcos- sively line hairs.
!.en<rth of l.ody, lO.lV'""; hreadth of thorax in front. I.OS"""; at j>Teat- e»t, 1.7r)"""; of abdomen, -J.-i.'*""" : len<-th of antenna', 5.(!""" ; their apical joint, lor)"""; foro femora, 'i.fjr)"'"' ; middle femora, "J,?.")"""; hind feuioni, ;$.4"'"': hind tibiiu, 4.4."t"'"': tarsi, l.U)"""; first tarsal joint, ().!>'""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1246!!.
Suhliimily S.VICIN'A Si.il.
Tho species describeil Ixdow is tho only oin of this subfamily which has ever been reco^rnizcd in a fossil state.
'rA(JAI.()I)KS fTcii. nov. (Taj^'aiis, nom. ^feii.).
Hodv elon<rated, of nearly uniform width. Head, includiiiir tho eyes, considerablv l)roader than lonj,', advanceil <'ousiderably Jind rather broadly in front of the t'Ves; no ocelli ; rostrum consiih iabl\' lon<;er than the head, the Itasal joint Ion;,'''''" than the two sulte(|ual apical joints. Thorax r.ipidlv taperin;,'- in I'ront, tiie heail separated from it b\' ii short constricted neck, broadest posteriorly and slii^htlv broader than the abdomen, and here aiijrn- late, the allele not prodiici'd later.illy as ji spine; scutellum trian<jfular, of alxHit e(|ual lenj,''tli and breadth, the poHtorior aiif^h* mon« acute than tlu^ others l)y the sliirlit emar^rination of the sides, l»ut not prodiiceil into a spine nor even pointecl. I.«';.''s loiij^' ami slender, iiuio'ineii, rhe femora and til»i;e of nearly eipial len<rth, those of the hind le«rs miudi loiij>er than tho others, all the tarsi very short, verv slender, cvlindrical, armed with a pair of claws.
.\ sinj;lc s|»ecies is known.
.\ilied to Ta;:-alis .Stal, from which it dill'eis in the relative* brevity of the thorax and the abstMice of anv median constriction, the simple anj^'iilar po.sterior termination of the scutellum, tho }il)soiico of sjtiniilation on tho fore
IIKMIPTHUA— IIKTKI.'OI'TK {A— TIN(ai)ll».K
:J57
fomom, iiiul tlm cylimlnrul clmmcterof thn tiirmil joiiitH. Tiiffiilis 1« known to nut unl\- hy Still's ilortcription.
TaOALODKH INEUMIS.
ri. 'J((, Fitr. ir».
lop
ith th
A sni;^lu specnnon i.s pn crv" il, s(!om on u dorsal view witn tnt* wniys of one sidi! lost, «)f tlm other partiiilly i-xpjintlcHl 'I'Iid lieud iind thorax aro very dark and unitbrni, thu homolytra with tlu* corinni, liko tho abchiinon, dark tcHtaceous, tho nioinl)raiio i)alo fnli^inous; the veins of tho niombrano show a pair of very (flony:attMl parallel loo|)8 ruiniiiij^ nunc than halfway to the niarjfin, the nppor tho Itroadcr and njoro distinct (tho lower not hIiowii on the plato). I^atcral o(l;jfos of tho scutclluni slifflitly inar;>;inatc', tho scntolhnu itself with faint transvcrso sidcations; snrfaco of iho thorax slifrhtly and broadly rn^iiloso. !jo<4's palf tostacoons, tho foiuora duskier toward tho apex.
!.onj,'th of body, 11.7,'»"""; breadth, .'{,1"""; lon<>th of honielytra, 7"""; middle femora, 4""" ; tibiie, 4'""' ; tal-si, I""" ; hind tibia-, 5.8'""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. "JSKG.
Family T1NGIDID>« Fieber.
Nearly all the principal Kuropean Tertiary deposits have furnished a sinpi'lo, but only a sin;;ie, species of this family of delicate llemiptora. That at Aix is only known as yet l»v Serres's reference to a species of Tinj^is, which he compares t(» T «^ardni, now jdaced in IMiyllontocheila. Novak fij^nres a species of .Monanthia from Krottensee, Ileer a very obscure Tiiiyis from Uadoboj, and a species from Oenini»'en, well marked with loii^' antenna', in one phun; as a 'I'inji'is, in another as a Monanthia, which is more corrcctlv referable to the latter; but what is of g-reater interest is an amlier species referred to Tin;^is by Germar which belonj>s to the j^enus Eotinji'is estab- lished below for a l^'lorissant species, with exceptionallv lonj^- anteiuue. A species of .Monanthia also occurs at Florissiiiit, apparentl\ nearly related to the Oeuin^en form but with stouter antenna', and an obscure form from the same locality is probably referable to I'iesma.
IMKSMA St. Far«>eau ami Serville.
No fossils have heretofore i»een referred to this i>enns, which forms a }?roup apart aniousr tho Tini^idide, and which is bett(?r known in th'' « >ld
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358
TMHTIAHY INHF,<r|'H Ol' NORTH AMKKUU.
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Woilil (,Kiiro|M and Af'rini) tlmii in tlm M«'W, bur a .siii;r|(> H|ieciinen i'roiu FltiriMsaiit N«-('iii.H to l)t> I'ct'i'niblu lii'i'o huttiT tliait elHcwIu^tv
I'lKSMA If KOTCNDA. IM. LM, ViK. «.
A Hiii;fl»' insect, poorly preserved, and Hliowinj,' u dornal \ii>\v is dnhi- (»nsl\ referred liere; it' correctly, tiien the c'Xtrenie convexity ot' tlie contid area of the henndytra is cliaracteristic of the species, as I lind no niocU'rn tvpe with so rotnnd a form. The head projects '-onsitU'rahlv in fnnit of tho ey»s in two parallel procosHi's nearly as lonjf as llu rest of the lu^ad ; the iiead is only a little narrower than tin* ipiudran^rnlar thorax, which is nearly u third l)roader than lon<r and tapers slightly forward. 'I'lut alidonien is siihcircidar. The leijs and lu^ad appendajres are in)t preserved, hut the henu'lytra sli;;htly .snrpa.ss the abdomen, and the memhran*', which occu- pies aliout a third of them, is tilled with very faint and very hnnc cells, throu^fh the meshes of which three or four (ddiipie veins pass to the margin; the costal inar;,''in is followed innneiliattdy l)y a slijjht vein connected with tlie costa 1»\' feelile cross-veins, makin;,'' sulapiadrate cells.
Leii^ith of Itody, ,'5. ."»""" ; inclmliiij,'' hemelytra, ."t.Ta '; breadth of thorax,
1""": abdomen, l.C.V
Floris.Hant. ( hie specimen, No. 7(il 7.
MONANTIIIA St. Farjjeaii and Serville.
As statetl under the family, twt) species of this j^eims have been f«)und in the Huropi-an Tertiuries, one at ( )eningen and the other at Krotteiisee, and were mi reterred by their describer.s. 'I'liey differ considerably from one another, and the species wi' adil here dilfers as miudi from each as they trom each other, 'i'lie ( haracteristic leatures ol' the ( Jenin^n-n species are the lonjf antenna', which aii- as Ion;.'- as the width of the closed hena-lytra, and the ver\ narrow head; nf the Krottensee species (which .seems to ap- l)r(»acii .M. (piadrimaculata WollV sp. and M. woIOii Kieb.. l»oth of Kurope; see the li;;iires liy Snellen), the sinuous costal iiiar;iin of the henudytra and the sinuous iiarrowin;^' of the thorax: and of the Florissant species tim at first biseriate. afterwards tri.seriate, arrai!;^ement of the reticulation of the costal ana, and the tumid form of the rej;'ularly tiiperiny thorax combined w itli the broad head.
IlKMll'TKUA— IlKTKUOl'TKUA-TINUIDIlhU.
a5u
M
ONANTHIA VKTKRNA.
PI. L'.'J, KlK«. 5, ft. Hodv niiitonulv dark, tlic Ik'ikI ami tlionix \\\t\\ iiiu(')i tlio muiio for
111
iiH Kotiii^ris, tlif tliorax liciii;; lar;;'eHt jiiHt in iuIvuiicl' i)t'tli<> roiiiidod haHi* and ta|H-i'iii^>' inrwanl, the head iiirltidod, ^'iviii<;' it iiiiicli tli<> turiii of a Xya anion;: Ortlioptcra ; as in l'!(itiii;;'iN, tlicrc arc no lateral vcsicdcH ; tlic aitdonit'ii is oviit«« and liroadia' tliun tlic thorax. Antcnniu nuiirly uh lon^' an tliu width of the alMlonicn, orsli^^htly shorter than the head and thorax to^icthcr ; fii-Hf two joints similar and stunt, the first a littlt* lon;r(>i- than hroad, the second of ecinal length and Incadth, the third slender and eloiij^ateil, nearly as loiij^' jiH the thorax, the f<»urth elavate, is long us tin? first two together, but not quite so stout as they and as naked as the rest of the antenna. Ia'^m rather Hliort mid stout, the hind feiiiora just reaeliiiig tli<^ edge of th(> heinelvtra. These extend soinewliat heyoiid the altdoineii and are somewhat eoar.selv leticulati', liiseriatel\ arranged on the busul half of the costal area, triseri- at( ly beyond.
Length of body, 2,7-.'("""; breadtlmf thorax, 1"""; abdomen, l.'J-l.l"""; length of antenna-, 1.1. '• '.
Khu-issant Six speeiiiieiis, Nos 2:549, :\HH\, 4;!.S7, (i7H7, 7810, !)672.
IO()'i'lN(jiIS gen. nov. (//«(?, Tingis, nom. gen.).
Head triangular, about equally long and bntad ; antenna' of excessive length, almost as Imig as the body and very slender, the great length largtdy due to the |mdongatioii of the middle joints, the last joint very deli- cately enlarged so as to be faintly (davate, the club verv lung and slender. The ])ronotiiin is short, narrowest in front where it iMjuals the head, truncate both at base and a|H'x. Thorax ta})eriiig forward with no voicnlar t'lilarge- nients. Abdomen oval. Legs very long and slender, all the femora ot nearly ecjual length, the tibia' of similar length, the wdiole leg nearly as lung as the tegmina. These lire broad and very long, extending well bevoiid the body, irregularly and more or less tinely and uniforinU' reticulate tlirou"li- out, the broa<l costal area as irregular as elsewhere.
The genus perhaps falls in the neighburliuod of (Jargaphia Stjil.
Two species are known, one found in i'ru.ssian amber, Iv (jiiiiapiecari- nuta Genu, sp., with carinate and regularly tapering pronotuni and the cos-
i
l»
- m
L j5L
: ! I li
I
|
! |
|
^ i' |
|
; |
.'U50
TKRTIAHY INSKCTS OK NORTH AMERICA.
till iirca of" tho lieiiielytra of uniform width ; and the species described below from Florissant with smooth and tumid pronotum and the costal area of the liemelytra enlarging apically. The}- differ also in the length of the last anteinial joint.
EOTIWGIS /NTENNATA. PI. 23, Figs. 1, ?j.
Two 8|)ecimens, both figured, were all that were seen of this species vvhen it was (lescril)ed ; one shows a dorsal view, the other lies more upon its side: of the fVirmer the median i)rojection in froit of the head, shown n|)on tin- plate, is a mistake, and tlie two appendages can not be regarded as antenna', a portion of one of which crosses the right fore femur ; the right- hand apparent appendage of the head is probably the rostrum, but its apparent distal half is a mere discoloration of the stone at a different level; the left hand one is probably the left fore femur, a broken fragnient of which or of a til)ia appears as if attached below to the pronotum. The color appears to Ik* nniforndy dark, the legs perhaps a little paler. The last antennal joint is as long as tiie elongated middle joints, but it enlarg(is grad- ually toward tlw tip. and then, at a distance from the tip of twice its breadtli, suddeidy diminishes and is lounded otl". The protliorax is largest a little behind the middle, and tapers consideral)ly in front, being tumid wiietlun" viewed laterallv or from above. l)ut especially ti>e former: it is well rounded posteriorly, truncate anteriorly, and smooth. Tlie hemelvtra extend far bi'Voiul the al)domen, and an* iillcd with an entirely irregular reticulation, in which the meshes are approximately of the same? size and of about the diameter of the antennal club : the longitudinal vein delimiting the cost d area runs parallel to and distant from the costal margin in the i)asal half of the lieinehtra, and ilien diverges gradually from it in a {rraceful curve.
Jj(;ngrh i>f body, .'J.fi.')""" ; including tegmina, 4..")"""; of tegmimi, 3.7.')"""; breadth of thorax, l.l"""; length of jintenn.'u, 3.7.^y""' ; hind femora, 1.2o""".
Floris.sant. Four specimens, Nos. 2';!t8, VMi'i, .5.')!)(J, lOTG.'J.
Family ACANTHIID>E, Leach.
Ill
The only fossil tiiat has ever been referred to this limited groi-.p is the one described below.
I
H ?:M II'TE H A— H ETRKOPTEK A- C A I'SID^E.
361
LYCTOCORIS Halin.
This jrenus, found in the north temperate regions of both the Old and New Worhls. Imt njore abundiint in tlie latter, has not before been found fossil. The single species from the Green River beds which we place here was formerly referred, doubtfully, to Rhyparochromus.
Lyctocoris teureus.
PI, 7, Fig. 20.
Bhyparoohromimf tcrnus .Sciidd., Bui!. U. S. Gool. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 770-771 (1878).
A single poor specimen apparently belongs to thi.-, "ubfamily. but is too imperfect to locate with any precision. Tiie body is of nearly equal width, but with a full abdomen. The head i . 1 roken, b'-t is as broad at base as the tip of the thorax, has a rounded- angjlar front, and its surface most minutely punctulate. The thorax was bro. dest behind, the sides tapering slightly, and gently convex, the front bordei broadly and shallowly con- cave, the hind border straiglil, more tlian twic^ as broad as the median length, the surface, like that of the head, witli faint distant [junctures. Scutellum rather small, triangular, pointed, of equal length and breadth, about as long as the thorax, its surf ice like that of the thorax, but with more distinct j,unctures. Abdomen full, well rounded, and very regular. Teg- miuii (>l)scure (but perhaps extending only a little beyond the scutellum).
Length of body, i"""; of head, 0.6""" ; of thorax, 0.6"'™ ; of scutellum, 0.7"""; b.-eadtli of head, 1.1"'": of thorax, l..')""'; of abdomen, 2.1""".
Greei: River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4192.
Family CAPS1D.C \A/'estwood.
With the exception of a Miris, rejjorted over half a century ago from Aix and never yet described, all the European fossils of tliis group known ui» to the present time are from amber. Thus Gravenhorst long ago referred half a dozen species from aml)er to Miris and Capsus, and Germar later described as many as thirteen species of Phytocoris from the same deposits. Tlu'se genera were then used in a far broadci' sense than now, and the iigures of Germar show at once that several genera are to be found among
362
TKRTIAUY INSKCrrS OF NOHTII AMiJUlCA.
tliein. If wo were to base our jiid^iiieiit on the coinpiirisoiis with the mod- ern species wliich ({niveiihorst and (Serniar in nearly ever\- case instituted, wesiioidd readi tlie conchision that the Capsina alone had been found, and that no less tlian iialf the divisions which Renter foiuided in this subfaniily were present and a larj^e miinln'r of genera. Thus of tiie Playiofinatharia we have Harpocera ; of tiie Oncotylaria, lloplonmcluis (two species) and Oncotylus; of the Clylhu^ora.'a, /Etorhinus and Systellonotus ; of the Cap- saria, {'ai)sus, Orthops, anil Lygus ; of the Fhytocoraria, Hoinodenius, Diehrooscytus, and I'hytocori,-? ; and of the Loparia, Lopus; in all a dozen genera, and there is at least on*} other among tliose species figured bv Ger- mar which were unacconipan'rd by comparisons with modern types.
In America we have four of these divisions represented, viz: CvJIoco- niria l>v Closterocoris; Capsaria by Capsus (two species) and P(ecil()cap- sus (live s})ecies); Phytocoraria by Aporema; and Loparia by Iladronema; while Hryocoraria, lot recognized in aml)er, is represented by two .species of Carinelus and one o\' Fuscus. Al! of these come from Florissant.
It thus ap{)ears Wvt we may recognize among the fossils every one of the divisions instituted in the family by lieuter that iiave any considerable j)res('ut development of species, excepting only the .Miraria, and to cover the po.ssibilities of tiiis also there are two species of Miris not referred to mod- ern genera, one mentim.^d bt (iravenhor.st from and)er and one by Curtis at Aix. It may also be noticeil that the as.semblage of fossil forms shows as a whole a leaning toward .Vmerican types, more noticeable, however, among the American than the FiUropean form.s, the more striking being in the development of tlie Loparia and BrycK-oraria. Not loo miu-h stress, however, should here be placed upon these considerations, .is a reexamina- tion of the amber types is neces>ary oet'ore certain conclusions can l)e <lrawn. and the atlinities of several of the Florissant forms is va"ue at the best.
C.LOSrEUOCOHLS Fhl
er.
A single species exists in a living state in our we.stern Territories, wifli wlii<'li a single striking and not uncommon Florissant species agrees well in structure but from which it ditVcrs considerably in markings. The ter- minal joints of the fossil species appear to l)e relatively longer and thi; sec-
ond jonit relatively shorter than in tJK; existing type
HEMIPTEKA— UETEKOPTEKA— (JAPSID^E,
363
Closterocokis klkgans. PI. 24, Fig. 7.
Head suhquadrate, W^Yit colored, with a black patch posteriorly next the eyes. Antennte with tlie first joint black, as long as the thorax, stouter than the tibia-, the remaining' joints blackish fuscons, the apical paler, sec- ond joint half as long as the hemelytra, third a little longer than the fourth, and with it nearly as long as the first two, the whole as long as thorax and hemelytra coml)ined. Thorax more tumid at the base than in our living C. ornatus, but otherwise of the same shape, the base slightly more than twice as broad as the apex, pale, with a median and on each side a lateral, broad, deep black stripe, broadening posteriorly ; scutellum pale, except for a broad, dusky ti'ansverse band at base. Hemelytra pale, except a slen- der, deep black, costal stripe extending the whole length of the corium, and a dark fuscous belt which occupies the whole clavus and, as tliivt of one side unites with the other, follows down the inner margin of the hemelytra, fading out on the more or less but generally slightly infumated membrane, the memltrajial suture sometimes heavily infumated or iiduscated. Lesis pale fuscous, the tijjs of the hind femora and to a less extent the bases of the hind tibiie broadly and heavily obscured, as are also to a leSs depth all the tarsi and the tips of the tibia'.
Length of body and closed hemelytra, 7.25"'"' ; breadth of thorax at base, 2.4"""; length of antenn.a', \).T""'; first joint, l.;")'""'; second joint, iU)""" ; third joint, 2.r>'""' ; fourth joint, 2.2'""' ; hemelytra, 6.75'""' ; hind femora, 3.(!.")'""' ; tibia-, 4.8.o'"'" ; tarsi, 1.15"'"'.
Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 2181, 2533, 4288 and 4369, 8864, 12l»7!), 12!I81, 14202, 16419. .
Mi
OARMELUS Distant.
'i'lie twt> species from Eloris.«ant described below agree so well in gen- eral features with the two species of this genus from I'anama tigured by Distant, and especially with V,. parvus, that 1 place them here, though they do not agree with his descriptions as regards the antemui', the second joint being relatively longer than he describes it, though no longer than given in both his figui'es. They are certainly iR»t far removed from Phytocoris involutus (rerm. from amber.
Tahir of the npeciea of Carmelua,
Tliiir.ix laii'.'iiiii; irijulaily with Htiai^lit i)li!ii|im sidn-s
Tli(irii.\ more or leN.s tmiiiil, the hiperiiiH sidi's iliNliiictly coiiveK ...
qravatiif
..'■i. (', sipouitus.
m
^n
■ii
304
TBltTIAHY INSECTS OF SOUTH AMKlilCA.
1. CaKMELIIS (iKAVATUS. IM. 24, Fit;. H>.
Iif)(iv very regularly oval, the hinder extremity the broader. Head triaiij^iilarly but rather broadly produeed in front i»t" the eyes ; first joint of antenna' a little shorter than the head, second about two and a half times ns loufj!" as the first, the sueceeding' tofjetheras long as the second. Thorax uniform fu.scous, darker or lighter in tone, the surface smooth, the base about two and a half times l)roader than the apex, the apex roundly and weakly emarginate, tlie base* gently and regularly convex, the sides oblicpie and straight. Scutellum dark, the lateral edges transversely pectinate, llemelvtra unifornd\ duskv excel
apt
3pei
ties of the cla.us and cuueus.
I
th
.len-rtn, o
l)rea(lth, 2.25"
Florissant, l-^ight specimens, Nos. 'MW.), niiOO, 6220, 10418, 11230, 124r.7, 12475, 1420H.
2. CaUMKLUS SEI'OSITIIS. ri. 'M, Fiff. (!.
iiody ovate, larger at the anterior than at the posterior end or of ecpiai size. Head scarcely advanced in front of the eyes, broadly rounded: first joint of antenna' about as long ns the liead, the second about two and a half times longer than tlic first, the siicccodiiig togjithcr as long as the second. 'F'horax nniforndy dark, the surface smooth, the base two and a half times as Ijroad as tiu' apex, tlu* ajjex gentlv, regularly, and roundly
eni.iriiinate
the 1
ja.sc verv ycntlv co
»nvt'\, almost transvi-rse, the ((blii
pie
and narrowing sides distinctlv, sometimes «ronsi(lerably, convex, giving a rt>undness to the front of' the 'tody. Scutellum dark. Ilemelytra dark, slightly duskier at the ou'er extremities of the corium and cuneus, the membrane faintly fuliginous.
L
!ng
rth
breadth. 2.2"
Floris.sani\ Three specimens. Nos. S20(;, 11017 and l.'5,5.'j?<. 12I0.1
FUS( rs Di.stant.
To this genus, founded nn a species from (luatei'iala, I refer witlnniu-h liLsitatio;! a single ftu'm liom I'loris^ant. which bears a dose general resem- blance to the species 1 have placed in ('ariiirius, but has much shorter .mi
.( f
HEMll'Tr^RA— ni5TMI{(H'THUA-(JAP8II)yE.
365
1
i
1.
stouter liind lojrs. The first joint ot tlio auteiiiia' of tlio fossil, however, is stoutor than in Fuscus and the second joint not so distinctly incrassated at the apex.
Fuscus? F.KCATUS. PI. 22, Fig. 6.
Head rather broadly annulate in front ; first joint of antennic distiiictly shorter than the head, moderately stout and uiuforni ; the second joint relatively slender, scarcely larger apically, about three times longer than the first. Rostrum reaching the co.xai of middle legs. Thorax ])unctate, blackish fuscous, posteriorly two or two and a half times as broad as ante- riorly, both base and apex nearly truncate, the sides oblique, straight. Scutellum of the color of tlie thorax, llemelytra dark, the color intensified along the inner margin of the clavus and at the outer extremities of the corium and cuneus. I^egs <lMsky, the hiiul femora stout, twice as thick as the tibia' and shorter than th;^y.
Length, G""" ; breadth, 2.25""".
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 430, 4.'i63, 4741, 13308, 14201.
P(ECIL()CA1*SUS Renter.
This genus, fairly rich in species in l)()th the United States and Mexico, and iieculiar to tlie New World, ajjpears to be represented at Florissant bv five tolerably closely allied species, which bear no close resemblance to any of the amber Cajjsidic Tlie first antennal joint in all is of a similar, the second of a, somewhat di.ssimilar, length.
TiiUh' of lliv Kjmttn of ViivUoidimiin.
Niirrowin^' sulcus of thorax coiivcx : rn'ooml Jniiit ot aiitonn;i' twice or a little iriore tban twice asloii" us thelir.st.
Tliiiriix siiioolli ; ti'f;iiilii:i lieiivily iiiaikeil ; cliiviirt oliseine 1. />. f'yemonfii.
Thorax imiielate ; leijiniii:i t'aiiitly iiiarkeil ; eiaviis clear y. /'. nttnaiitliix.
Narrowiii;; niilesof thor.ix strai(;ht : xecoiid joint of aiittMiiia- much lessor iiiiicli more than twici^ as lon^ as the lirst.
Second joint, of antenna^ Hcaroely lialf as hmjj ajiaiu as tlm first. Second joint of anfenuu' tlirei' times as loni; as tlie lirst.
. IJ. /*. r('U'i-}toi<u.H
Thorax pnuctato; scute II iim roundly aniiled 5. /'.
Iiorax smooth ; soiitelliim sharply anjjlod 4. I', faliidim
OHtClltllS.
1. P(ECII.OCAI>Srs KREMONTM. PI. 24, Fi-. ;5.
An elegant ami well niarkt'd species not distantly rehited to 1*. orna- tulnsfStal) of Mexico, , ■>/ dill'criiig in the markings and in the uniform tliorax.
366
TKUTIAUY INSKdS OF NORTFI AMERICA.
1 I
Head unitormly dark, i\ui sides of the frontul ))roininen(;ii full ; biisul joint ofuntennnR barely shorter than the head, rather slender, a little thickened apicnlly ; second joint about two and a (jnarter times lonj^er than the basal joint, scarcely incrassated apically, the slender succeedinj^ joints to<^ether abont as lon^r as the second. Thorax more than twice as broad at base as at apex, the apex eniar^jinate, the base ref^nlarly arcnate, the taperinj^ sides distinctly thon<fh not stroii'^ly conve.^, the 'vho' blackish infninate, and smooth, in no way puiuitate, which is exceptional in P(ecilocapsns. Scn- tellnm jtale with a lilack edj^inji'. Hemelytra pale or li<fht colored, with the whole of the clavus black, a larjj^e, transverse, fnlij^inons clond at the onter extremitv of tlie corimn crossinj^ the interior half of the hemelvtra as a narrow and vaj^ne stripe, and ajfaiii enlarjj^ing, bnt more obscuri'ly, at the inner ternjination of the corinm, and accompanied I)y a mnch smaller infns- cation of the (Uiter tip of the cnnens.
Len<;th of liody, H.l')""" ; breadth of thorax, 2'"" ; lenjftli of secoiid anteinial joint, 1.7""".
Named for one of the earliest scientific explorers of th > Uocky Mitnnt- ains, (Jen. John C. Fremont.
Floris.sant. Fiv(; specimens, Nos. 8631, f)5l)(), 122S4, l.'5r).'j4, and of the Princeton Collection, l.S4r».
2. PtKClLOCAPsrs VKTKIJAN'DUrt.
ri. L*4, Fit;. ».
Head lint slijxhtly produced in front of the (tves, dark; liasal joint of antenna' distinctly slu ' t<'r than the head, a little incrassated apically ; sec- ond twice as lonjf as the first, its jrivater si/e distally ilian proximally scarcely perceptible, the slender sncceeilin;; joints not fnllv ])reserve(l on either specimen; rostriuii nearl\' reachiiij,'' the hind coxa". Tiiorax fnllv two jind a li;iit times broader at b;ise than at apex, i)nt otherwise shaped exacthasiu P. f'remontii, the color l)lackish fnliyinons, the snrface pnnctate with moderately distant minnte bhu'k dots. Scntellnm of the (;olor of the thorax, llenn-lytra pallid thronj^hont bnt the inner eil<»'e infiiscatfil, jind slifi'lit infmn.ated spots ;it the onter tip of the corinm .ind cmuMis.
I
en'r
th of bodv, .">.«"'"'; breadth of thorax, 2.1'
lenifth of se(^oiid
antenna! joint, 1. 1,'»"
Flori.ssaut. Three sp.-. imens, N'os. si; IS, SStll, 117H.") iuid 1207<).
1 1 KM 1 1'TER A — IIKTKUOPTliUA— (JA PSID.K.
867
.'}. PcKCILOCAI'Sirs VKTEUNOSrS.
Tliis H|)(3c,ieH closely resomhles P. freinoiitii, hut diflers Homewluit in niaikiugH atid much in the form of the thomx and the leiifrth of the second antennal joint. The liead, which is dark, is rather acutely produced in front of the (^yes ; hasal joint of antenna' almost as lon<y as the head and juoderately stout, the se(;ond a little slenderer, slightly larf^er distally than jH'oxinially, exceptionally short, holw^ scarcely half as long again as the first joint, tlic succeeding joints about e(puil and together as long as the second. Tiiorax liilly two and a half times as broad at base as at apex, the apex roundly and shallowly eniarginate, the base regularly and gently con- vex, the sides oblique and straight, the surface a little irregular but impunc- tato as in 1'. fremontii, somewhat obscurely mottled, dark colors prevailing posteriorly, paler anteriorly. Scutellum generally pale but with both extreme base aiul apex more or hiss infuscated, the sides transversely pec;- tinate. Ilemelytra marked as in P. fremontii, Ijut much less heavily and in particular the clavus less obscure.
Length of body, o.H""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.35"""; length of second .intennal joint, 1.1""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2107, 8113.
4. PcECILOCAPSUS TAIUUUS. PI. J4, Fig. 8.
A single specimen represents this species, not so well preserved as the others. The head is large, the ))art in front of the eytsexceptionallv large, well produced, and with a In-oad rounded aj)ex ; iirst joint of antenna' mod- erately slender, e(pial, a little shorter than the head; the second joint e'xcep- tionally long, lieing almost or quite three times as long as the first, slender, and i'(|iial throughout; third joint half as long as second. Thorax less than twic(( as l)road at apex as at base, anteriorly truncate, ))osterioily genth- and rcgidarly convex, the sides ol)li(jiie and straight, the surface smooth, witliont punctures, more or It-ss mottled and infuscated, as is aisc *^lie scutellum, wliicli, li()\v(n-ei', is more uniforndy infuscated or infinnate, and has a sharp, apical angle. Ilemelytra nearly pallid, but with tlie clavus more or less ol)scnr(', and tlu; (uitcr apex of corium and cuneus each with a small, dis- tinct, triangular, fuscous spot.
11
368
TKKTIAUY lNSK(Vrs OF NOItTIl AMKUICA.
L('ii<rtli ot' IkhIv, 5""" ; liruiidtli of tiioriix, 2""" ; h'ligth of Hecond HiittMiiuiI joint, 2""".
Florissant. Tliriio specJiiu'iis, Noh. ()9«;8, i»7;{(), 1()5J>2.
.'). P(K('ii<ocArsrs ostknti's. PI. L'l, Fifi. 2.
The lioad is slKut uinl roniidod, hut very littlu produced in front of the eyes; first joint of fiiileniui' slenrh-r l»ut short, no hnijrcr thiiii i\w head, wliii'h it surpiissi.'s only a little ; second fully three times iis \n\\ii; as tlu* first, slender and e(pial; third two-thirds as lonji' as second. TJKtra.v fully twice as hroad at apex as at hase, anteriorly eniar^rinate. posteriorly scarcely ron- ve\, the sides vei'y ohlicpie and straij^lit ; it is as Iom;^ as the scnteliuni, deli- cately punctate, and hlackish. Scutelluni of a similar color, its apical an<;le rounded. ll(;niulytra ohscure and indistiiu-t, hut apparently darker at ape.x than at l)a.se.
Length of hody. C.'J" "" : hreadth of thorax, 2.2")""": lenoth of se«'ond antennal joint, l.;i""".
Kloris.sant. (hie specimen. No. l.'iofiO. No. 7911 ma\- also beloufr here, and if so the hemelytru are marked very much as in the pr(!cedin|^ species.
CAPSrS Fahricius.
This i^'ciuis (in an extended sense) has heen recojrnized in amiier liv Berendt and f iravenhorst, hut no fossil species lane lieen descrihed. Tie' ipecies descrihed helow are placed here duhiously, al least as reirnrds the sense in which the ^enus is no\\ ordinarily restricted. Facli has a very very short thorax, similarly formed.
Tahlv "/ Ihf nfttvivn ttf f'tifiMim.
Li'HN iliiiii liv(> iiillliiiii'ti'iH ill li'Tifjtli. I'iivd aiiKMiniil ji'iiit Hcirculy lini.nlir tliiiii I lie niciiiuI.
I. r. olifiilifiiitiiH. Mnri' tliuii nix iiiillliiii-tfiK ill li'ii^tli. FirNi uiitrniiiil joint hull' iis iaroail a;;ain us tlir ncioiiiI.
•J. C. laciiH.
1. CaphIjS oii.soli:kactu.s,
IM. L','., Viti. l.i.
Head small, coiisiderahh and trianitnlarly ju'odnced in front of the eyes, wherf it is aiiiridate; first joint of antenna' slender, of iilioiii the length of till- head, the seccuid fully twice as long as the first, slemlei, and
il
IIKMIl'TKUA— IlI-yrKHOI'TKUA— OAI'SID.K.
m\)
nearly Dcjual, tlu» followiii;; siibc({iiiil iiid to^otlicr l(>n<ror tlimi tlm hik-oikI. Tlioiax very fnintly and distantly jii'iKitatc, slutrt, trnncatc in front and heiiind, or soincwliat cniarfiinatc in front, tlic base more tlian twice the breadth of the apex, the sides obli(|n(> i.nd nearly strai}^ht ; scutellinn mod- erately lary-e. L(';;.s slender lint not vtjry Ion}>'. Ilemelytru fuseotis like tlie body, the menilM-ane small and pale fnli^inons.
Len}»'tli, 4.7:.""" ; breadth, l"
Florissant, 'I'hree specimens, Nos. Sol, .'{4S(), 4h()i).
2. ( !aI's|S I,A( I'M.
ri. I'li, Fi}f. li.
Head snudl, romidly and not V(!ry stron^^ly prodnced in front of the eves; first joint of antenna' lather svont, nearly or tpiite as lonjf as the head, the second nnicii slenderer, ecpnd, as far iis preserved n«'arly twice as lonj^' as the lirst. Thorax very (d)scnrely pnnctate, truncate at either extremity or a little and roundly emar<>inat(i in front, the base more than twice, ])robably two an(i a half times, l)roa(ler than the apex, the sides stron<rly oblicjue and straijiht. Le<;s rather stout and not lonu^.
i.en«^th, fi.o' : lireadth, 2..'>""".
Florissant. ( )ne s|>ecini('n, Xu. 12S.
Al*()liFi.MA <i('n. nov. («/T/p///ur).
I am unable to decide upon the precise position of the insect heie con- cerned, thouj^h it ap|)ears Id belono' in or near th(> l'h\ tocoraria. The iiead, which has been unco\<'i-ed since the pliite was enjiraved, is less than half as broad as the thorax, but more than twice as broad as lontj-, and thurt exceptionally small. The thorax, alionf t\uce as broad as loii}^', is poste- riorh' truncate, while the front narrows rapiilly l)ut with a rounded curve to the narrow neck; it is not rarinate. The scutellum is of larj^e size, (■(piian«iidar, with perfectly straifjlit sides. The teiiinina are slender, with {gently eonvex costa, the apical niaryin '>ltli(|Me, but flu- neuration can be made out in the sin^i'le spccinicn kiiiiwit neither heic nor in the winj^s. The hind Icu^s aic I'atlier loiij^ imd slender, the femora extendiifi^ far bevond rhe .sides of tin- b(ni\ .iMil ippareiitly as lon^'- as the breadth of the base of the ilidopien, the tibia' still Ioniser with a row of vei'v short and inconspicuous vol, XIII 'Jt
370
TKIM'IAUY INSKCTS (»F NOHTH AMKIIICA.
.' U
i !•
ilistiiiit s|)iiU's. Alxloinoii oviit(s coiiHtricttMl at tlio l»iMe, nitlior broiully roiiiKlfil, iiiid not |ii'o(1iic(mI upictilly. >\ nitiglu Hpecies in known.
Al'OUKMA rKAiSTUICTirM.
Die bodv is of a (lark and tolt>ral)ly iiniforni color. Tho Hurf'aceH ()f the tlioiax and scutollmn aro .smootli, hnt tin* I'dfjcs of tlic latter transvci-Midy wrinkled. The lieni(d\ tra are li^'^lit colored or pallid, with more or le.ns iiitiiinated costal ed^fe. whi«'l» expands into an infninated spot at tlu^ tip of tho coriiini and of the cunens, in the former case larj^e, in the latter small; tho inner marjfin is scarcely infumated and tlm nienihrane (dear. Lefjfs blackish.
I.enjjth, H.5""" ; breadth of thorax, --'.fi.')""" . abditmon, 2.8r.""» ; lenjrth f hind tibia-, •_'.")"'"'.
Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. }I;H)().
IIADUONKMA ITliler.
This f^eniis so far' as known is rejtresented by a flinnclo species, f(tund in tlie '{ocky Mountain region and in .Mexi(Mi. The larj^er spe(Mes hero added to it appears to a<^ree better with it than with any other witli which T liavo been able to compare it, though it i.s doubtful whether it really belongs here.
* JIadronema cinkrkscens.
ri. LM, Fijf. 12.
Head small and ronnded. scarc(dy at all advanced in front of the eves, uniformly scaltroiis; (irst joint of antenna' moderately .stout, not more than half as long as the head, the second slender, slightly incra-ssated in the apical half or less, less than thre*^ times as long as the first joint, the third about two-tliirds as long as the second. Thorax scal)rous like tho head, truncate at each extremity, less than twi(!e as Itroad at base as at apex, tho (d)li(jue sides gently arcuate, the color of the head and thorax uniform black. Ilenudvtrii not well jtreserved, the legs mod(;rately slender, stouter and shorter than in the modern II. militaris Uhl
Length, fi (;•"■"; breadtli, 1'""".
Florissant. T>vo specimens, Noh. 2980, 13559.
1
> i
HKMIPTKUA— FrKTKItOPTK.ItA— PHYHAPOnKH,
871
Family PHYSAPODES Dum^ril.
Tlumo iiiiimU) tlowor iiiHoctH Imvo boon found !n (•(MiHifloriihlo nuinhurH in Tortiiiry dc^posits. Aix, Ocninffon, Uott, untl uinljoi* Imvt* ouch yioldod more tliiin ono Hpccios of 'I'lirips, lift(^on in mI!. of which nearly half con>o from Uott. Hcsid(-H thiw Uott has furtiiHlicl lu.ir HpocioH of ildiothripH and ono of IMdicothripH, wliilo an oxi ict jjonuH (lalotlu'Ips is n-prcNontod at Aix ))y a Hiii;ilo species. In our i>\vn country *hoy have hoen detcM^tod only in thtf White Uiver lieds, where one species i :ich of the j,'onora Melanothrips, Lithadothrips, and i'nia'othrips have boon found and aro doHcribtid bolow ; the last tw(» of the {genera are extincf.
MKLAKOTIIUIl'S ilaliday.
The only species of tiiis jfonus that has been found fossil is the one described l»olow. So fai as I know Melanothrips has not boon observed this country ainon^ recent insects, but oidy in Europe; but so little in attention has been paid to our native Hpecies of Wiysapodos that this is of little significance.
Mki-anothrii's kxtincta.
PI. 5. Fifjs. 90, »l.
Melanolhripn rritnda Stiida.. Hull. IT. s. Ocol. Oooijr. Siirv. Tt<rr., I, 2-il (187."0.
Head small, taperiiifr; tiio only appendages visilde are the aiitennse; these are oidy sufticiently preserved to recognize that they are very long and slender, longer than the thorax. The thorax is rather small, (piadrate; winjfs noarlv as lony as the bodv, frinyed on the costal border as in Pah-co- thrips fossilis. The abdomen is compo.sed of only eight joints, but is very long and very tapering, fusiform, the last joint jjroduced, as usual in the phvsai)o(ls; the third joint is the Imiadest; of the wings only the costal border and a |)art of ono of the longitudinal veins can be soon ; there are no remains of logs.
Length of i)ody. 2.-_>""" ; of antoiuuc, O.S""" ; of head, 0.14""" ; of thorax, 0.r»"""; of abdomen, l..^)*;"'"'; greatest In-eadth of abdomen, 0.5"'"'.
('hagriii ViiUey, White Uivor, (/olorado. One specimen, W. Uenton,
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33 WEST MAIN STtEET
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372 TER'iiABY INSECTS OF KORTH AMERICA.
LITHADOTHRIPS Sciidder {Xted?, Gpi'iP).
lAlhadotUriim fW.nM., Rnll. II. H. Uo«l. OnoKr. Siirv. Terr., I, 2*il (lH7r>).
Allied to Mvlaiiotlirips Haliday. The lieiul is lurge, broad, jflobose ; the eyes exceedingly hirge, globose, each occupying on a superior view fully one-third of the head ; the antennae very slender, equal, as long as the thorax, the joints eight or nine in number, cylindrical, equal, scarcely en- larging toward their tips. The prothorax is no larger than the head, of eqiial breadth with it, the whole thorax shaped as in Pal^eothrips. Only fragments of the wings remain, sufficient to render it probable that they agree well with the character of the group to which Melanothrips and iEolo- thrips belong. The legs resemble those of Palaeothrips, but are slender and appear to be rather profusely supplied with hairs. The abdomen differs considerably in the two specimens referred to this genus. In one it is ver}- broadly fusiform, the tip a little produced, nine joints visible, the .apical furnished with a few hairs, and bluntl}^ rounded at the tip ; the other has the sides equal, the apex not at all produced, but very broadly rounded, only seven or eight joints vaguely definable.
A single species is known.
LiTHADOTHRIPS VETUSTA.
PI. 5, Figs. 88, 89, 102, 103. IMhadoOkrlpt wiMto Scodd., Ball. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., I, S33 (1975).
The specimens, both of which represent the upper surface of the body with fragments and vague impressions of the members, are too poorly pre- served to add anything to the above description of their generic features excepting the following measurements :
First specimen : Length of body, 1.76""" •. of antenna;, 0.6""' ; of thorax, O.fi ."'"'; of abdomen, 0 87""; breadth of head, 0.28""; of thorax, O.-'iS'^"; of abdomen, O.-'iJ;""' ; length of fore femora, 0..37""?; breadth of same, 0.14""; length of hind femora, 0.42""; breadth of same, 0.13"".
Second specimen: Length of body, 1.96""; of antennae, 0.76"™; of thorax, 0M>"""; of abdomen, 1.10""; breadth of head, 0.3S""; of thorax, 0 .^O""^ ; of abdomen, 0.59""'.
f'ossil (Jafion, White River, Utah. Two specimens, W. Denton.
HBMIPTKUA— UETEKOPTEUA— rUYSAl'ODES.
373
PxLiEOTHRlPS Scudder (rraXan'?, 6pt'if>).
I'alaiothrtpt Soudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., I, 223 (1875).
This genus is allied to ^olothrips Haliday. The head is small, glo- bose ; eyes rounded, much smaller than in Lithadothrips ; antennae slender, fully as long as the thorax, not more than seven-jointed, the joints cylin- drical, sul)equal. Prothorax considerabh' larger than the !iead, the thorax as a whole very large, stout, and tumid ; lore femora very stout, scarcely more than twice as long as broad ; fore tibiae also stout, a little longer tiian the femora ; the other legs are moderately stout, long, reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen, with a few scattered rather short spinous hairs ; the hind tarsi three-jointed, the last joint smaller than the others and all together two-sevenths the length of the tibia;. Fore wings unusually broad, broadest apically, where their breadth more than equals one-fourth of their entire length, provided with two longitudinal veins, dividing the disk into three nearly equal portions, connected in the middle by a cross-vein, alid with either border b}' other cross-veins at about one-third and two thirds the dis- tance from the base to the tip of the wing; the wing is heavily fringed, especially along the hind ))order. Hind wingi? veinless, nearly as long, and at the tip nearly as broad, as the fore wings. Abdomen nine-jointed, half as long again as the thorax, rather tumid, scarcely or not at all produced apically.
PaL^OTHRIPS F088ILI8.
PI. 5, Figs. 104, 105, 115.
Paliroihript foatilit Scudd., Proo. Boat. Soo. Nat. Hut., XI, 117-uaiiie only (IStiT); Bull. U. S. Geol. OeoKr. Siirv. Terr., l,'iiii--if£t (1H75) ; iu Zittel, Haodb. d. Paluiinit., I, il, 744, Ki;;. U9i) (IH8.'>).
Head small, tapering a little in front, where, however, it is broadly rounded. The antennae are certainly seven-jointed, nnd none of the apicjil joints show any indication of being connate, the last joint being of the same length as the two preceding it, tapering, and bluntly pointed ; none of the joints show any enlargement in the middle, but the middle joints are slightly larger at the distal extremity than at the base; they appear to be destitute of iiairs The prothorax is subquadrate, a little broader than long, with rounded sides ; the fore femora are unusually stout, as long as the width of the prothorax. The longitudinal veins of the fore wings approach ench other somewhat abruptly in the middle, where they are united by a cross-
374
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NOKTII AMEUICA.
vein, and at the tip of tlie wing they curve away from each other ; the two cross-veins on the lower third of the wing are respectively slightly farther from the base of the wing than the corresponding veins of the upper t'.iird ; the fringe on the posterior border is largest near the tip of the wing, where the hairs are about three times as long as those on the costal border. The firat hind tarsal joint is scarcely longer than broad, cylindrical ; the second of about the same length but decidedly broader at apex than at base ; the apical joint is nearly globular, smallest at base, as large in the middle as the base of the other joints. There are a few hairs at the tip of the abdo- men and a few short ones on the hind tibiu; ; the apical ones stouter than the others, resembling spines ; but the insect appears to have been unusually destitute of hairs, excepting on the wings, where not only the edges but also all the veins are fringed.
Length of body, 1.6-1.8"""; of antenna}, 0.58"""; of fore femora, 0.32"""; breadth, of same, O.U"'™; length of fore tibia', 0.32'""'; of hind femora, O.aS""; breadth of same, O.U"™; length o^ hind tibije, 0.42'"'"; of hind tarsi, 0.12'"'" ; of fore wings, 1.4"""; of hind wings, 1.27""" ; greatest breadth of fore wings, 0.37""™ ; length of prothorax, O.lfi"'™ ; breadth of same, 0.32"'"'; length of whole thorax, 0.64"" ; of abdomen, 0.92""" ; greatest breadth of the same, 0.37""'.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. W. Denton.
' b'
Family LYC^IDJEL West wood.
This family has been recognized in the Secondary rocks by somewhat obscure fragments in England and Germany, but in Tertiary deposits the family is comparatively abundant and widespread. Curiously enough, only two species have been recorded from amber, and in Menge's Collection the family was represented by but one. Three-fou' ths of the known European species are those described by Heer, wiio refen^d them to few genera. It is difHcult to ])lace the larger number of those w)uch have been recorded, but to judge in part by the living species with which some of them are com- pared it is plain that the MyoJochina should claim about one-half of them and the Lygseina the larger part of the remainder, the others being distrib- autble among the Cymina, Blissina, and Ileterogastrina. In all there are thirty-seven species credited to six genera.
HEMiPTEliA— HETEE01»TEUA— LYGiElD.15.
375
In our own country the numbers are largely in excess of this, fifty-ono species being recognized, showing this family to have been one of the more important among Tertiary Heteroptera. The disposition of these in their respective subfamilies has bee. effected only by their evident affinities in general structure with existing members of these subfamilies, not by a demonstration of those definite characters (mostly relating to the position of the stigmata) upon which these subfamilies were founded, as that would be impossible. The result shews no small resemblance to the character- istics of the European Tertiary fauna, the prevailing type being the Myo- douhina and the next the Lygaeina, but beyond this the resemblance fails to extend greatly, the prevailing family having nearly 73 per cent of the wliole, while in Europe they claim scarcely more than 50 per cent ; and again the Lygseina have less than 16 per cent of the whole, while in Europe they have about 35 per cent ; further, none of the otlier subfamilies which appear in Europe are found at all in America, our other groups being Geo- corina, Oxycarenina, and Pyrrhocorina, which find no place in Europe. But perhaps the most remarkable rei'ult of the investigation of the Ameri- can forms is the large number of new generic types found to be necessary in the Myodochina, where, out of the twenty-one genera only four (with but five species together) are regarded as identical with existing types. In the Old World a single species found at Oeningen has been considered the type of an extinct genus, Cephalocoris, not found with us ; but undoubt- edly, to judge from the illustrations and descriptions, a more searching examination would bring out a different condition of things. Besides this, Heer has established a magazine genus, Lygfeites, for all the members of the family for which he could find no place ; it evidently comprises very diverse forms.
Subfamily LYQ^EINA St&l.
This group of Lygjeidie holds the second rank among the fossils both in Europe and America, but its relative and ab.solute importance is greater in the Old World than in the New. In Europe a considerable number of species, ten or eleven, are referred to Lygaeus, not including those which plainly do not belong here, but it is probable that only one of the species of Heer's magazine genus Lygtcites belongs here, most of the others being more probably Myodochina; to this we may perhaps add his extinct genus Cephalocoris. All of these seem to belong to the division of Lygajaria.
37G
TEUTIAKY 1NSE(3TS OK NORTH AMKUICA.
In our own Tertiaries I have referred all the species to the modern genera Lygteus (three) and Nysius (five), the former belonifingf to the division L3'giearia, the latter to the Orsillaria. The resemblance between the Ter- tiary Lygjrina of Europe and America is therefore not very strong.
LYCJ^^US Fabricius.
This old genus having given birth to the family name, a considerable number of fossils have been referred to it. Nine have been described, one each from Aix and Krottensee, two each from Oeningen and Sieblos, and three from Radoljoj ; Serres also refera to four, and Curtis to one, species of the genus at Ai.x, and Herendt and Gravenhorst credit the genus to amber. Three of these unnamed forms, however, are compared to certain living species, which show that they can not belong here, and the species from Krottensee, L. mntilus, is certainly not a Lygicus, so that oidy ten or eleven species at the most, named and unnamed, can be claimed for the European Tertiaries. In America we have three, all found at Florissant.
Table of the upeeim of Lijgirut.
Anterior Mvimriktvil from puitturior lub« of thorax by u diHtinct though liii<- tiilterciilate ridgo.
1. L. ttalnliliin. Anterior aud iioaterior loboii not distiuotly iw|iarated.
Thorax diHtinutly though Hparnely punt'tnriul 'i. L. ohnolmctHH.
Thorax smooth 3. I..facukiittta,
1. LyO.TA'S 8TABlLlTi;.S.
PI. 22, Fig. 10; PI. 24, Fig. 1«.
Head strongly l)ut roundly produced in front of the pretty large eyes, the surface finely rugulose, uniform black-brown, the antennaj tiniformly fuscous. Thorax with am|)liated lateral margins, which are finely mar- giiuite, the front margin considerably, regularly, and roundly emarginate; siu'face of posterior lol)e coarsely, faintly, and distantly punctate, of anterior much like the head, the two separated Dy a slight indented carina, giving it a tuberculate appearance; the anterior lobe is dark lik > the head, the posterior [)aler but oliscurely so ; the scutelluni in color and surface struct- ure is like the head. Tlie hemelytra are dark obscure, with a broad faint band crossing them when closed just beyond the tip of the scutelluni, very much as in Dysdercus cinctus of the same beds, which but for tlie'presence of ocelli this species greatly resembles.
t
'\
UEiAIirXEUA— IlKTKUOl'TKItA-LYG^HD.K.
377
Length of body, 8.r)-!>'""' ; aiiteniwc, 3.5°"" ; breadth of thorax, .'{""" Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 11020 and 11236, 11219, and of the Princeton Collection, Nos. 1.811 and 1.821.
2. LvGirUS OB80LE8CEM8.
PI. 24, Fig. 15.
Head strongly but roundly produced in front of tlie large eyes ; the surface smooth, uniform ; antennaj longer than in the other species, uni- formly fu.scous. Thorax with nearly straight sides, the anterior outer angles rounded, the front margin regularly, roundly, though not consider- ably, marginate; surface uniformly, very sparsely and coarsely punctate, the scutellum similar. Color of whole body uniform or nearly so, biit with faint signs that the disk of the thorax was lighter than the rest and that a lighter but obscure and narrow band crossed the closed hemelytra and scutellum at the apex of the latter.
Length of body, 10""" ; antennjv, 4.5""» ; breadth of thon»x, 3.5""".
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 421, 10454, 11218.
3. LvGiEUS P.TCCULENTUS.
Head but little and roundly produced in front of the eyes, the surface smooth, more or less mottled, the untennjv fuscous, the second joint much darker than the succeeding. Thorax with scarcely ampliated, oblique lat- eral margins, the front margin gen-ly and roundly emarginate, the whole surface smooth, fusco-fuliginous, with a pair of oblique and divergent paler lateral clouds ; scutellum smot)th, the <lisk and base fusco-fuliginous, tlie rest obscure pallid. Hemelytra fuliginous with no transverse pallid band, but with a narrow, pallid stripe following the sutura clavi.
Length of body, !).75"""; antennjp, 3.75"'"'; breadth of thorax, 31™"'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1 835, of the Princeton Collection.
NYSIUS Dallas.
No fossil Heteroptera have been before referred to this genus, which is found all over the world, from Greenland to the Cape of Good Hope, in the East Indian and Pacific Islands, and in North and South America Five species occurring in the Florissant shales belong here or in the near vicinity, and may be separated by the following table :
378 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Tahle of ihf ipgvie* of Aj^iiiM.
Auteunu) dlstloctly more than half aa \oag as tlia botly.
Heiul (lUtiuotly lonxer tliaii broad ; body rel^tivuly Hlumlor .. 1. ^. ritiohM.
Head dUtiiiotly broader than lout;; bo<ly ndutivuly Htoiiti i. y. feonla.
Anteuiiiu uearly or quite halfnii long aa iho botly, but not more. AuteniiHt half oa long ii* the body.
Thorax tapering considertbly, the apex hardly nioro than half as long as the base; niembriiHe
distinctly infniuated ',i. N. tritim.
Thorax tapering but little, the apex fully two-thinls as lung us thobaso; niunibruno appar- ently eleor 4. .V. tirrnr.
Auteui-.ie distinctly less than half as long as the boiiy 5. y. ttralMii.
1. Nysius VINCTUS.
Body alender, three times as long as broad ; head and thorax bhick, the abdomen blackish fuscous, antemiiu and legs very dark testaceous. Bead- considerably longer than broad, well rounded, iieavily jiuuctate. Antenna; distinctly more than half lus long as the body, the basal joint stout, the remainder slender, decreasing regularly and slightly in size from the second to tiie fourth. Thorax rapidly tapering forward, the apical abimt half the length of the basal margin, both truncate ; surface heavily puncttite. Apex of coriuin reaching scarcely beyond the middle of the abdomen, corium infuscated ; membrane clear with distinct fuscous veins.
Length of body, <i"""; autennaj, 3.6"""; breadth of thorax, 2"'™.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7310.
2. Nysius vecula.
PI, 2'-', Fig. 7.
Body as compared with the preceding species relatively stojit, being somewhat less than three times as long as broad ; wliole body with the legs blackish fuscous, antennse slightly paler. Head bnnidei' than long, rounded subtriangular, smooth or scarcely punctate. Antenna; distinctly more than half as long as the body, the basal joint moderately stout, projecting con- siderably beyond the fnmt, the remaining joints .slender, the apical barely incrassated and as long as the penultimate. Thorax tapering regularly and considerably, the apical considerably more than half as long as the basal margin, both truncate, the oblicjue sides without ampliation ; the surface rather delicately punctate. Hemelytra with corium infuscated, reaching somewhat beyond the middle of the abdomen ; all the veins delicately punctate.
Length of body, 5.5-5.G"""; antenna-, 3.7o""": breadth of body, 2. G"-"'.
■■
I
IIKMII'TEUA— IIETEKOPTKRA— LYd/l-nu.E.
379
Floiismint. Seven HpecimeuH, Noa. 3601, 3739, 4886, 11522, 11549, 13153, and from the Princeton Collection 1.828.
3. NySIUS TRITU8.
VI 23, Fig. 20.
Body slender, fully three tinien Jis long' as broad ; the head and thorax black, tiio abdomen blackish fuscous; corium and davus of hemelytra blackish brown with a large, triangular, clear, pallid spot occupying the basal half or more of the corium, and also another smaller, triangular, pallid spot at its extreme apex ; membrane fuliginous. Head subrotund, broader than the apex of the thorax, apparently broadly ungulate in front, the sur- face smooth. The antenna; half as long as the body, the apical joint slightly incrassated. Thorax tapering rapidly and regularly from base to apex, the apical hardly more than half as long as the basal margin, both truncate; the surface heavily punctate, as is also that of the scutellum ; veins of the hemelytra also punctate.
Length of body, 4 3'"'"; antenniP, 2.15'"'"; breadth, 1.35'"'".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6142, 12465.
4. NySIUS TERKiE. PI. 23, Fig. 31.
Body moderately slender, rendered less so by its slightly oval shape ; liead and thorax blackish brown, the abdomen a little paler; legs and antenna! dark testaceous. Head small, distinctly broader than long, rounded, with the eyes narrower than the apex of the thorax ; surface smooth. Antennic Jialf as long as the body, the basal joint projecting but little be- yond the front o''the head, the apical slightly incrassated and fully as long as the penultimate joint. T!iorax tapering gently from base to apex, the apical fully two-thirds as long as the basal margin, both truncate ; the sides hardly ampliated ; surface heavily j)unctate, as is also the scuteHum. Corium of hemelytra reaching nearly the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, dark fuscous, with a very large, rounded, blackish fuscous spot in the middle of the aj)ical margin ; the membrane apparently clear.
Length of body, 4.1"""; antennae, 2'""' ; breadth of base of thorax, J 25'""'
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 4606, 7064.
380
TKKTIAUY INSECTS OK NORTH AMKKIUA.
f). NyhIIIH HTKATim. PI. 23, FJjjs. 14, 27 ; I'l. 25, Fikh. 2, 8.
Body rather slender, being about, tin-ee tinies an long an 1>road. Head rounded, siibtriang'ular, of about equal length and breadth, or, if anything, a little broader than long, with the eyes slightly broader than the apex of the thorax, sniooth. Antennic less than half as long as the body, the stout basal joint projecting slightly beyond the front of the head, the second joint very slender, the others gradiudly incrassated, so as to be fully half as broad again in the middle of the apical joint as in the middle of the second joint, the apical fully as long as the penultimate joint. Thorax trapezoidal, taper- ing from base to apex gradually and regularly, with straight sides, some- times a little ampliated, the apical distinctly more than one-half as long as the basal margin, both truncate, or the apical v«;ry slightly antl roundly cniarginate, surface coarsely punctaite like the scutelluni. All the femora rather stout, the fore and middle jmirs of nearly equal length, the hind \mr iv little longer, smooth ; all the tibia' slightly hinger than their respective femora, slender, (^orium of henielytra with the apex reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, testareons, with blackish fuscous blotches irregu- larly distributed ; all the veins of the coriunt and davus distinctly punctate ; membrane nearly clear with testaceous streaks alonjr tiie veins.
I^ength of body, 4-."»""" : antenna", 1.75-J""" ; breadth of 1>ody, Lf)-!.?'""'
This is the connnonest of the Lyga'ichc at Florissant.
Florissant, 'i'wenty-five specimens, Nos. 902, liJ49, 1(j71, .'JaTf!, 4853, 4931, <il23, 6177, 6365, 6542, 7r)4(>, 1(>381, l()«2r), 10888, 10!M)9, 11140, 11164, 12065, 1246,',, 12751, 131.^»8, 1402.% 14181, 14432, and from the Princeton Collection 1.840.
Sublainily CrEOCOHlNA Sttil.
A single species referred below to Geocoris is the only fossil form ever recognized in this family.
GEOCORIS Fallen.
This cosmopolitan genus, rich in sj)ecies and about equally developed in the Old and New Worlds, is more prolific in the northern than in the southern hemisphere in the New World, the opposite in the Old World. It has never been recognized in a fossil state, but a single species a])pears to
IIKMIPTKRA— HKTKUOPTEKA— LYGiElD.K.
361
occur at FloiiHsunt, where itH Htrikin|^ breadth of head and Btout fore fernora diHtinjfiiiHh it from all other forms.
(Ikocorim inkkknokiim. ri. 23, KijjH. 17, 20.
Head broadly rounded in front without the least Hign of being pro- duced, in which it differs strikingly from all existing species I have been able to exauiine ; twicte as broad as long, with the snudl eyes just as broad as the front of the thorax ; antenna; shorter than head and thorax com- bined, very slender, cylindrical, with no enlargement anywhere, the sei^ond joijit longest, the third and fourth successively shorter. The thorax is nearly or (juite twice as broad as long with gently convex sides, scarcely narrower in fron* than behind, and the angles hardly rounded; the surface is very feebly jiunctate. Hemelytra with the corium hardly reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, very opaque fuscous with pale patches or streaks following the course of the veins ; membrane invisible. Legs short, the fore femora (wiien turned so as to see the broader face) very stout, rotund, not more than half as long again as broad. Abdomen very broad and full.
Length, .'i.'i.')""" ; breadth, 1.45"'"'.
Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. TjCUO, 5734, 58<J4, 5888, 6483, 13152.
SublJimily OXYCARENINA StM. Tiiis grouj), much more highly developed in the Old World than in the New, has never been found fossil there ; but here we have an extinct ffenus. Procrophius, in the shales of Florissant, with three species.
PKOCROPHIUS gen. nov. {7rp6, Crophius, nom. gen.).
The brevity of the antennai and of the corium at once distinguish this from any living forms of Lygajidje with which it would appear to be related, and with which from its abundance in the rocks we should perhaps the more expect to find relationship. The brevity of the corium distinguishes it from Ischnorhynchus with which its general form agrees, especially with the Central American species, and I can find nothing nearer to it than Cro- phius, fronj which it dififers decidedly in the antenn.ne. The head is trian- gular, shorter than broad, together with the eyes of the same breadth as the
Il '■
382 TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA:
iiHrrowod i:ppx of tlio thorax, which !h brondeat at extreme haHC, or clone to it, much hi-oador than long, and tapunt forward with greater or Ichh rapidity and rojrnlarity. The hemelytra have the ontor extremity of the coriinn reachih},' not far beyond the middle of the abdomen, and the legs are very nnn-h aH in C'rophiuH. The antenna' are at moHt only a little more than a third art long an tlie body, the iirHt joint Hhort and not HnrpaHMing the head, the rest nlender and nearly cylindrical, the second the longest, the tliird and fonrtli e(inal in length, but the last slightly incrnssated.
'^Phree species occur at Florissant, one of them in great abundance.
Table of the niireiet of Procrophiim.
Ilfinel.x trik with iindiMtinet wrleii of iinnctiiri'x,
ntMiii'lytru iinifortiily nr nlinoNt iiniforinly nhiiciiro t. P. eommunii.
Ili*iiii<l,vtrik riciii- with a liroail c<mtul thivki'iiing 3. /*. contalit.
Homely tru with iliiitiiu't surii-Hol' |iiincttiri>M rtillowliiK thu iiialii vuina 3. /'. laitgH«n$.
1. Procuophius coMMirxis.
PI. 23, Figs. 13, 18, IIS, 29 ; D. 24, Fij;. 1.
The antennne of this t^pecies are much stouter than in the next, and aiSO relativt^ly shorter. The head is more than half as long as the thorax, or a little more than that, very bluntly angled in front ; thorax about as long as the anteritu* breiidth, at least half as broad again ])osteriorly, taper- ing with great uniformity so as to show but little curvature to the sides, the surface nearly smooth, entirely without constriction ne.xt the base. Heme- lytra dark iuid obscure, occasionally with ob.scure lighter patches below the costal field and next the middle of the menibiMiial suture; membrane clear.
This is one of the commonest species of Lygicida^ at Florissant
Length of body, 3.5""" ; breadth, 1.5"""; length of corium, 1..')""'.
Florissant. Twenty specimens, No.s. 193, 2bH, 1209, 1404, 1570, 2388, 4313, 4577, 4(J02, 5722, 5832, (J205, G246, r,873, 7330, 11184, 11222, 11652, 12061, 12458.
2. ProCKOPHIUS C08TALI8.
PI. 23, Fig. 8.
This species differs from the preceding in the slenderer antennae, the more rounded sides of the pronotum, and the diaracter of the slightly rela- tively longer liemelytra. The thorax is nitlier stouter tlian in 1*. communis, being nearly twice as broad as long, with gently roimded sides, which at
IIEMIPTBRA— UKTEUOPTBRA— LY0i1Sinil<:.
383
tlio Hiimo titno tupcn' rapidly ; tlio Hurfnco Hinooth. Tlio lionielytra are light colored, oxcuptitijf for an equal, not very broad, coHtnl thickening of n tes- tacuouH color, wliicli appoarH to he cliaracteriHtic. The abdomen Hoenm to bH ordinarily fiillor in tlio apical half than in I*. conununiH.
lAMigth, .•1.4'""; breadth, 1,6"""; length of corinm, 1.76"'"'.
FlorisHant. Five HpecinionH, Noh. 6952, 6367, 6394, 7062, 9937.
3. I'ROCRopimm lanquens. PI. L'3, FiR. 23.
A single specimen has been separated from the others on account of certain characteristics which appear to be peculiar; unfortunately the appendages of the head are not preserved, but the head itself appears to be longer and more produced than in either of the other species, and the tho- rax of the same foi'ni as in P. comnuinis, .tapering as rapidly and with rec- tilinear sides, but it is ])erliaps a little shorter than in P. communis and its surface a little less smooth. The hemelytra are clear throughout, and show lines of punctures along the course of the principal veins which can not be niado out in either of the other species. The abdomen has the form of that of P. costalis
Length, 3.4"'"; breadth, l.S"""'; length of corium, 1.5""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. G239.
Subfamily MYODOCHINA St&l.
As has been stated above, the vast majority of the American fossil Lyga-'idai belong to the present group. A remarkable feature to be noticed in them — not embracing all the specie^, but certainly most of them — is the brevity of the antennae, rarely half as long at the body, and usually much shorter than ih^it. They are extraordinary, too, for the very large propor- tion which can not bo referred to existing genera, and for their general resemblance as a whole to subtropical types. The members of the first group, the Myodocharia, seem to form, with few exceptions, a type apart, in which the i)Osterior lobe of the thorax does not broaden from behind for- ward, being as a whole narrower, or at least no broader, than the anterior lobe when the latter has ampliated sides, the opposite being ordinarily the case in modern types. With a single exception or two they all come from Florissant.
384
TKKTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Table of the genera of foiiil MjiodooHna.
Anterior and iioHterlor loWs of thorax with independent lateral c-irven (Viv. Myodocharin.)
Middle fi^iiiora ns loaK ati the width of the body at their inxertion 1. lAjiirocoriii,
Middle feniorn Hhorter than the width of the body at their inticrtinn. Anterior lohe of thorax with the sides arcnato.
Minnte HpecieN, lens than four niilliineteni in length 2. Stenopamern.
Larger speciev, not less than Hve niiMinieten* in lenittli. Anterior ninch longer than nosteilor lobe of thorax.
AnttMinie no longer than head »nd thorax ; terminal Joint no broader thai: middle
of second joint :i. Caloi>nmern.
Antennw as long as hea<I, thorax, and Hfutellnm ; Terininiil Joint iiu-iosMated.
4. Phmdoimmern.
Anterior lubr of thornx a little shorter than the poHtorlor 5. Cholula,
Anterior IoIh* of thorax with the sides oblii|iic and straight. Anterior and posterior loWs of thorax abnnt fi|iially long.
Larger forms. Ant'eiinie more than half us long as body ; head an broiul as middle <if
thorax; ubdimien laterally expanded (i. Hthoeorii.
Sinalli-r forniH. Anteiinie only half as long as Ixxly ; lieiid niiirli narrower than mid- dle of thorax ; abdnni>-n not laterally expanded 7. Cophoforin.
Posterior IoIm* of thorax distinetly shorter than anterior.
Posieiior margin of thorax angnlate, the posterior lobe twice as long in the niiiblle as
at siiles H. lim-oriteii.
Posterior margin of thornx truncate, the posterior IoIm* of equal letigtli tlironghiuit. Antenna' as long as head and thorax together, or longer; heail longer thai
broad ".t. I'roairiii.
Antenna* short^er than bead and thorax together ; head broader than long.
10. Clereat'otiii. Aiiterioi' and posterior lolie.s of thorax dislingiilsliabie only, ifutall, by the tra'isverse Impressed line
<:f the iipiHT surface O'iv. RhyparochromRrin«)
K.i'es Hiiiall, globular; lieail not, broader than front of thorax.
Minnte s|)ecies, usually les." thitii 4'"'" (in one instance us mnrh as 4.ri""") in length. Antenna* only i>s long as head and thorax together.
Anterior iMirderof thorax very innch shorter than the post«rior ; or, If not, ninch longer than the length of the ihorax. C'oriiini of hemlytra reaching only the middle of the abdinnen ... 11. TritiicznnotiiH. Corinni of heinelytra reaching diFtinctly beyond the I'liddle of the abdomen.
I'i. /.IN mill. Anterior border of thorax but little shorter than the posterior and of tli" siiiiie length
as the thorax lit. lihiifiorochromnn
.'.nteniiie fully half as long as liodr.
Second Joint of autennio scarcely longer than thiril or fourth II. I'lwhymrrH-
Second joint of antenna* much longer than either of Mie succeeding .. ...!.'>. Tiromrriix. iisrger s|M<cies, usually more than W"'" (in one instance as lillle as 4.7""") in lengtli.
Antenna* ni-arly or (piite half us long us the hmly, the last Joint scarcely or not iiicrassati*il.
Hi. l.ilhiichrnmun. Antennai not or scaroely longer than hcoil and thorax together, the lust joint usually a little incrossated. .'^econil Joint of antenna* longest.
Thorax consideralily less than twice as broad as long IT. ('•ijilorhromim.
Thorax iniich more than twice as broad as long 1h. I'roliiija'un.
Last JoMit of antenna* longest.
Kyesat ba.se of head ; thorax piinctat**; sides of ul'doinen expanded, usually beyond
the closed heinelytra 1!). .Yccn>c*ron«M<i.
Kyes in middle of head; thorax smooth ; siiles of uli lom»ii not expaivled laterally
beyond the hemelytra iJO. Ktilrlut.
Eyes large, lenticular, half us long as the thorax ; head considerably brooiler than the front of the thorax 'i\. CryjilochrornHM
II E M I ITK H A - 1 1 1-: T K llO I • T K H A— I. Y( J.E 1 D^E.
385
1. I.IGYROCORIS Stal.
This American gemis, best developed in Mexico and Centrul America, wliere seven species are recorded, -nd wliicli also extends into the United States, where two species are known in the eastern portions, seems to be represented in the Floiissant shales by one species, thoujrli the obscnrity of the sing'le specimen makes the reference somewhat donbtfid. No extinct forms have before been recognized.
LiGYKOCOKIS EXHlJCrilS. PI. 24, Fig 5.
The single specimen tliat is referred here is very poorly i)reserved, but differs markedly from nil otiier specimens; in general the aspect of the insect is that of ii, fiigyrocoris, and I have accordingly placed it in that genus. The head appears to be of the same width as the thorax, which is sulxpiadrate, narrows very little forward, and is rather broader than long. The antenna are slender, and if turned backward would reatih about half-way to the tip of the closed hemelytra. T'he fore and middle femora are very similar in ciiaracter, the middle pair slightly the longer, moder- ately stout, of neaily ecjual width throughout, the hind femora longer still and perhaps a little sleiulerer, reaching nearly to the tip of the abdomen, Hemelytra with the membrane reaching far beyond the tip of the abdo- men, the veins dusky ; the whole body is of a uniformly dark color.
Length of body, 5.25""" ; including the closed hemelytra, 7""" ; breadth of body, l.G"'"' ; length of hind tibiai and tarsi, 4"'"'.
Plorissant. One specimen, No. 12925.
2. STENOPAMEIIA gen. nov. (ortyn?, Pamera, nom. gen.).
A genus of Myodocliaria in which the anterior lobe is not only several times longer than the posttn-ior, but which by its l)ullate form is even wider tlian it, the posterior lolje being reduced to a mere nai-row belt. 'I'lie whole insect is of compact oval form, less than tlniM' finu's longer than l»road. In the last respect it reminds one of Trapezns, but in its principal features it seems to be most nearly allied to Pamera. The antennae are scarcely longer than th.' extreinv width uf the Uody and .-;curi:oly have the apical joint A'or, XI 11 1;.")
386
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
incrassaterl ; the first joint scarcely surpissos the head, the second is the longest, and the others successively shorter.
Two species may be separated among the fossils found at Florissant.
Table of the tpeciei of Sli'iiopamtra,
Cnrlnm of hpravlrtra dark with pi\\h\ Hubcnst:il stroak and niudiau patch 1. .S. Hnebrom.
Coriuiu of kemely tra pale vrith darkuueil uiarjjiual stripe t. S. tubtema.
1. Stenopamera TENEBROSA.
PI. 23, Figs. Ki, 24.
Head rounded subtriangular, of about equal length and' breadth, less than half as broad as the thorax at its greatest ; antennae about as long as head and thorax combined. Thorax with the sides strongly convex and almost angulate in the middle, in front of which it narrows rapidly, the truncate anterior margin shorter than the length of the thorax ar.d hardly more than half it^ greatest breadth ; surface nearly smooth, transversely and finely pectinate. Honielytra with the coriuni reaching rather beyond the middle of the abdomen, very dark, but not so dark as the thorax, with a distinctly and sharply pallid sufura clavi and pallid stre.aks, especially in the subcostal region and in the middle of the outer membranal margin, but also often extending from the base outward along the costal margin.
Length, 3.55"™; breadth of thorax, 1.45""".
Florissant. Nine specimens, Nos. 1448, 4597, 5736, <i217, 6373, 7397, 7675, 11301, 12446.
2. Stenopamera subterrea.
VI. 23, Fig. 7.
This species differs from the preceding in no conspicuous feature and agrees with it in size. The'troiit margin of the thorax appears, however, to be a little and roundly eniarginate and the sides slightly less prominent. The hemelytra are pallid with a pale testaceous thickening of the costal mar- gin of the corium and a faint line of puneti ition along the principal veins.
Length, 3.25™"' ; breadth of thorax, 1 ""'.
Florissant. Tlin^e specimens. Nos. 4H87, 614<>fl, 7473.
1
I
HEMII'TEHA— HETBROPTBKA— LYG.-KID.Ii;.
387
3. CATOPAMEliA gen. iiov. (xdrco, Pamera, nom. gen.).
Head subtriangular, roundly angulated in front, slightly broader than long, with the eyes as broad as the apex of the thorax ; eyes situated a* the base, small, globular ; antenna; slender, no longer than the head and thorax together ; beyond the basal joint (which just surpasses the head) of almost exactly uniform width, the joints of very nearly equal length, each from four-Hfths to five-sixths the lengrii of the preceding. 'IMiorax about half as broad again as long, considji-ably longer than the head, tapering from the posterior margin of the anierior lobe forward, the sides ampliated, base trun- cate, apex more or less but broadly emarginate. Legs moderately stout, the middle femora not more than two-thirds the width of the body at their insertion. Abdomen very full, well rounded.
Two species occur in the Florissant shales.
Tabtv of the »peoies of Catopameru.
C'orium of heinolytra loacUing the middle of tUe apical half of the abdomen 1. C. tiugheyi,
CoTinm of hemelytra reaching scarcely beyond the middle of the abdomen 2. C. bradUyi.
1. CaTOPAMERA AlJGHEYl. PI, 27, Fig. 7.
Whole body of a nearly uniform dark color ; the antennae a little paler. Head smooth or finely corrugated transversely. Thorax faintly punctate. Hemelytra just surpassing the extremity of the abdomen, the corium reaching the middle of its apical half, fusco-fuliginous, sparsely but distinctly punctate, the punctai showing a tendency to a linear arrange- ment along the veins ; membrane clear. Abdomen with the sides slightly paler than the middle.
Length of body, 5"""; antenna, 2.15""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.55""" ; abdomen, 2.05""™.
Named in honor of Samuel Aughey, geologist of the Hayden Survey. P^'lorissaut. Four specimens, Nos. 17 Hi, 2042, 9590, 12033.
2. Catopamera brakleyi. PI. 26, Fig. 12.
Whole body blackish brown, excepting the hemelytra. Antennje rather stouter than in the preceding species and as dark as the body. Head uniform, pmootli. Tlionix very finc^ly, faintly, and di.stantly punctate; the
388
TERTIARY IN8B0T8 OF NORTH AMERICA.
scutellum more coarsely. Hemelytra reaching just about the tip of the abdomen, the corium not beyond its middle, testaceous, rather finel}' and very distantly and evenly punctate, the punctfu showing no disposition to longitudinal arrangement ; membrane faintly infumated. Sides of abdo- men ns dark as the disk.
Length of body, not including the terminal extension of the abdomen, 4.65°""; antennae, 1.65"""; breadth of body, 1.25'"™; abdomen, 1.75"'"'.
Dedicated to Mr. Frank H. Bradley, geologist of the Ilayden Survey.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14236.
4. PHRUDOPAMERA gen. nov. {gtpovSo?, Pamera, nom. gen.).
Head rounded, of about equal length and breadth, rather broader than the apex of the thorax, more or less produced in front of the antennte; eyes situated at the outermost limits of the head, a little in advance of the base, of moderate size, subglobular ; antennre as long as tlie head, thorax, and scutellum together, the basal joint barelv or not surpassing the front of tlie head, the three succeeding joints subequal, tlie last incrassatod so as to be half as broad again as the middle of the second joint. Thorax scarcely' longer than tho head, half as broad again as long, tapering forward from the posterior limit of the anterior lobe, the sides ampliated ; posterior mar- gin truncate or slightly convex, tlie anterior margin similarly concave. Legs moderately stout, the middle femora not more than two-thirds the width of the body at their insertion. Abdomen moderately full, well rounded.
Two species occur in the shales of Florissant.
Table of the Hjivcieii of Vhrudopamrra.
Front of head distinctly ungiilitte 1. /'. n-iUoni.
Front of head liromllr roiindvdor guhtrnncate ^ 'i. P. chiltendeni.
m
1. PllRUUOPAMKHA WILSONI.
PK 27, Figs. 9, 16.
Head smooth, the front roctanguhite in advanc<' of the antenna' ; iintennae of uniform color. Thorax finely and evenh* granulate ; hemelytra rather heavily punctured in definite longitudinal lines following the course of the veins; these infuscated but the rest of the iu melyfra scarcely infus- ciited ; membrane clear. Abdomen oval, somewliat elongated.
HKMIPTBKA— H1<:tKROPTERA-LYG.^ID;E.
389
.
Length of body, 5,45"™; anteniu-e, 2.5^-^; breadth of thorax, 1.46™-; abdomen, 2""°.
This species is named for Mr. A. D. Wilson, the accomplished topog- rapher of tlie Hayden Survey.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6931, 13315.
2. Phkudopameka ohittendeni. PI. 26, Figs. 7, 9.
Head smooth or very finely and transversely corrugate, the front pro- jecting forward between the antennae, but subtruncate or broadly rounded ; antennse witli the 1 • isal and apical joints darker than the rest. Thorax rather faintly and somewhat distinctly punctate, as well as transversely corrugated, especially in the middle. Hemelytra rather coarsely punctate in longitud- inal lines, following the course of the veins, more or less infuscated ; the membrane slightly infumated. Abdomen broad and very well rounded.
Length of body, 5.25"""; antennaj, 2.5'"»'; breadth of thorax, LeS"™; abdomen, 2.25"'"'.
The name is given in honor of Mr. G. B. Chittenden, topographer of the Hayden Survey, engaged during its exploration of Colorado. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 7037, 11229, 11232.
5. CHOLULA Distant.
A single species, represented by a single, imperfect, headless specimen from Groon River, Wyoming, is referred here from its near resemblance to one of the species described by Distant. It differs, however, in several points : the basal margin of the thorax is hardly concave at the base of the scutellum, but straight, while elsewhere it is convex; there is but the faintest sign of any carination of tlie scutellum, and I can not see that either corium or clavus is punctured.
Cholula triquttata. PI. 7, Fig. 21.
Body slender with parallel sides, fully three times longer than broad. [Head wanting ] Thorax rounded subquadrate, broader than long, the ante- rior a little shorter tlian the posterior lobe, and distinctly separated from it
:)90
TEHIIAUY IN8RCTS OF NOHTH AMKUIOA.
hj' n transverae constriction, noticeable particularly by the deep lateral notch ; anterior lobe rapidly narrowing with strongly oblique convex sides, two and a half times broader than long, the surface apparently smooth, light colored, with broad, marginal, dark bands, a faint dusky median stripe fading posteriorly, and three dark round spots, one in the middle of each lat- eral half posteriorly and one in the middle 'of the posterior margin, overlap- ping the posterior lobe ; this last is l)roader than the anterior, with strongly convex sides, and is three times as broad as long, its jiostcrior lateral angles not rounded ; the posterior margin is transverse outwardly and next the base of the scutellum, a little oblicpio between ; the surface is dark poste- riorly, lighter anteriorly, the whole rather coarsely and faintly punctate. Corium of hemelytra clear and smooth, with distinct and straiglit subcostal vein and fuliginous outer angle (the other dark spots on the surface of the corium in the plate belong to the middle and hind feiuorji ) ; membrane clear.
Length (without head), 4..''»"""; probable complete length, 5"°': breadth of thorax, 1.7""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen', No. 113 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
a. LrrHOCORIS gen. nov. (\i'6o?, «<>/?).
Head large, subrotund, slightly broader than long, with moderately large eyes, which are situated just behind the middle of the head, at its greatest lateral expansion as broad as the middle of the thorax ; front rounded, angulate in advance of the base of the antenna* ; antenna* more than half as long a . the body, the basal joint pretty stout, surpassing a little the front of the head, the remaining joints sube(jual, the second the shortest, all very slender, but the last slightly iiicrassated to about the width of the basal joint. Thorax .slightlj- longer than broad, divided into anterior and poatenor lobes of equal length, both tapering from base to apex, the ante- rior more rapidly than the posterioi- and with perfectly straight oblique sides; the base fully twice as broiid as the apex. Legs moderately slen- der, the middle femora fully three-foimlis the width of the body at their insertion. Corium of hemelytra reaching the nnddle of the apical half of the abdomen, which is full, laterally ampliated, half as broad again as the base of the thorax.
A single species is known.
■
HEMIPTEBA— llETBKOPTEBA— LYGiEIDJi.
391
LiTHOCORIS EVTJLStJS.
The single specimen known is rather faintly preserved upon the stone, but otherwise is in excellent condition. The head and thorax are dusky, the abdomen paler ; the antennae and legs are also pale obscure. Head rather densely and not very finely punctate. Thorax more coarsely and more distantly punctate, as is also the scutellum. Hemelytra with similar coarse punctje arranged along the veins ; membrane cloudy.
Length of body, e.S"™; antennae, 4""°; hind femora, 2.2°"°; tibise, 3.2°'°'; tarsi, 1.5°"°; breadth of thorax, 2.2™°'; abdomen, 2.*°'°'.
Florisiant. One specimen, No. 4890.
7. COPHOCORIS gen. nov. («a)<pd?, Mopti).
Head rounded, a little broader than long, a little broader than the apex of the thorax but not nearly so broad as its middle ; front roundly produced, almost angulate ; antenna; only half as long as the body, the basal joints just surpassing the front of the head, the remaining joints slen- der, subequal, the last faintly incrassated. Thorax at least one-fourth broader than long, divided into anterior and posterior lobes of equal length, tlie posterior lobe with straight and nearly parallel sides, the anterior taper- ing forward, the sides oblique and straight. Legs apparently much as in the preceding genus, but perhaps slightly shorter. Abdomen well rounded, hardly ampliated laterally.
A single species occurs at Florissant.
COPHOCORIS TENEBRIC0.«U8.
Whole body almost uniformly dark, the abdomen, antenna;, and legs much lighter. Head minutely punctate. Tliorax distantly and rather coarsely punctate; scutellum the same. Corium of hemelytra reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, infuscated, the veins finely punc- tate ; membrane clear.
Length of body, S""; antennae, 2.4°'°'; breadth of thorax, l.G""*; abdomen, 2°'°'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 9742.
!i
3U2
TKKTIAKV INai;CTS OF NOKTU AMKIUCA.
H. KUCOUrrES gm. lu.v. (ev, Hopii).
Head woll rounded, witli a slightly triangular form, tlio apex for- ward, of about equal length and breadth, slightly broader than the apex of the thorax; the front gently and roundly produced in front of tint antenna'; eyes situated in advance of the middle, transverse, reniform ; antenna* slightly longer than the head and thorax together, the basal joint moder- ately stout, just surpassing the front of the head, the remaining joints sub- eqtial, the second slightly longer than the others, slender and equal, the third slightly shorter than the terminal, scarcely and gently enlarging in the a])ical half, the fourth iiuM-assated so as to be almost throughout half as broad again as the middle of the second joint. Anterior lobe of the thorax trapezoidal, more than twice as brojid as long, tapering rogulai-ly frcnn base to apex, with oblique sides, botli base and apex truncate : ])osterior lobe of unusual form, being twice as broad in the middle as at tiie sides, the i)os- terior margin being strongly, broadly angulate, with rounded apex, simu- lating a broad and short scutellum. Middle femora unwh shorter than the breadth of the body at their insertion. ('Oriiitii of hemelytra reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. Alxhtmen moderately long ovate.
One species only is known.
EUCORITES .SEKESCENS.
Whole body black, the antenna' with the basal joint black, the apical joint and apical third of the penultimate joint blackish fuscous, the remain- der testaceous. Head and thorax unifurmly, coarsely, and rather distantly punctate. Corium of hemelytra coarsely punctate, mostly in longitudinal lines following the course of the vein.s, the puncta' infuscated and the whole corium more or less infuscated. but ffenerallv of a li^jht color : mem- brane faintly infuniated, reaching just to the tip of the abdomen.
Length of body, .')""': antenna'. 2.(1""'"; breadth of thorax at the base, •2.25°""; abdomen, 2.o""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. XfiO.
9. PROCOKIS gen. n<»v. (7rp<\ ju'pn).
Head rounded, slightly longer than broad, with the eyes a little but distinctly bro.uler than the apex of the tln-ijis, tin- front rounded, angulate
IIKMin'KUA-HhyrKmU'TKKA-I-YO.KID.i:.
393
in advance of the untennii' ; eyeH moderately large, s'tuated ju8t in advance of the base; antennae as long a» the head and thorax together, the baHal Joint clearly surpassiiig the front, tin; suhsccini'nt joints .subeqnal, the Hecond not longer than the others, slender, the fourth incrassiitu throu'di- ont, but largest hi the middle, where it is twice as broad as the middle of the second joint. Thoiax longer than broad, the posterior about two- thirds as long as the anterior lobe, of equal length throughout, with straight and parallel sides, the anterior lobe tapering from base to apex with oblique straight sides; posterior margii of the thorax truncate, anterior scarcely emarginate. Legs nu)derately stout, middle fejnora not more than two- thirds as long as the breadth of the body at their insertion. Corium of henielytra reaching nearly or cpiite to the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. Abdomen broad ovate.
'iVo species are known, both of which occur only at Florissant.
7Vi6(c of Ihe npccies of Proeoria.
Third joint of antennii' of nearly f(|iial wiUtli tliroiighnnt ; foinora rulutively slomler.
... \. P. nancUeJohannis. Ihird joint ot aDtnnnai considerably enlarged apically; femora riilativoly ntont '2. / . herhleri.
1. I'UOCOKIS 8ANC1VKJOHANN18.
Whole body uniform bhlck or blackish fuscous; antenna' of the same color as the head or perhaps not so dark, but in any case nuuih infus- cated, th'- third joint of nearly equal width throughout, scarcely enlarged at the apex. Head smooth or perhaps faintly and very finely punctate. Thorax and scutellum coarsely and rather distantly punctate, the puncta- on the henielytra arranged linearly along the course of the veins. Femora only moderately stout, fully three times as long as broad. *Abdoinen rather full, with ampliatcd sides.
Length, 6.1"""; anteinnc, 2.25""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.85"'"'; abdomen, 2.5""".
The name of the species is given in honor of Mr. Orestes St. Jolin, geologist of the TTavden Survey, a pioneer of niiu-h work in the We.st. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3556, 4X08, 7088, 10560.
2. Procoris bechleri. PI. 'il, Fig. 4.
Head faintly and rather coarsely punctate, and, like the whole body, black or blackish brown, the antenna> a little lighter colored, the third joint
:i94
TKHTlAltY IN8K(Vrrt OF NORTH AMHRICA.
I
'■ E i I. 1
'
(mliii'pfiii;,'' rojjiilarly from hiiHn to apox, whore it is lujiirly twic^o iih larjfo iik .It till' base. Thorax vi-ry coarHoly and not vory dirttanily punctate, as it< also the ncuttdhnn. Hoinolytra fusco-fuligir.oiiN, coarHely punctato in Horial rowH alonpf tho oourHc of the voinH. Th'j femora ratlier Htout, the middle pair heinj; but little more than twice as lonjf as broad. Abdomen with the Hides scarcely ampliated, and a ])r<fmargknal pallid line.
Lengtii, 6.15"""; anteium'. 2.25"'"'; breadth of thorax, 1.85'"™ ; middle of abdomen, 2.16"'"'.
Named for Mr. (i. \i. Mochli^r, topographer of the Jlayden Survey during it.s work in (.'olorado and elsewhere.
Flon'ssant. One specimen, No. lUbili,
10. CTKUKAOORTS gen. nov. {nripea, Wptf).
Head broader than long, rounded subtriangular, with the moderately large eyes l)roader than the apex of the ])rotliorax ; the front prominent and rounded : antenna' considerably shorter thati the head and thorax together, the basal joint stout, stn-passing the front of the head, tho second and third joints abont (Mpial in length, slender, less than half the width of the basal joint, the apical joint slightly the longest, incra.ssate to the stoutness of the basal joint. Thorax more than twice as l)road as the head, the posterior decidedly shorter than the anterior lol)e, with straight and parallel sides and truncate anterior and ])Osterior margins : the anterior lobe tapering rapidly with straight oblique sides, the anterior margin gently emarginate, the whole nearly three times as broad as long. Middle femora very much shorter than the, breadth of the body at their insertion. Corium of herae- lytra barely surpassing the middle of tlie abdomen. Abdomen broa(J and rounded.
A single species is known,
Ctereacoris primioenus.
Head, thorax, scutelluni. and corium of hemelytr.i black, antenna; blackish fuscous, abdomen dark fusco-fuliginous. Head smooth, the antenuiv, es]»ecially the apical joint, a little roughened. Thorax and scu- telluni coarsely punctate. Corium of hemelytra the same, the punctsp fol- lowing mostly the course of the veins ; membrane clear. Abdomen ol)scurelv and cf)ar.sely punctate.
1
IIKMII'TKKA-IIKTKIMH'TKRA— l,V<i.Klli.«.
395
Fionjfth, 5"""; uiitoiiiiiu, 1.75"""; hrendtli of Iioiul, .9.V""' ; base of tlio- nix, 2.15"'"'; iibdomou, 2.75""".
Flori.HKniit. ( )ii<' Hpeciinoii, No. 2022.
II. TRAPEZONOTITS Fieher.
This goniw, abundantly reprcHented in Europe, rutlior feebly in Anier- u'fi, where it is found in tlie United Statew, and at higli elevations in Cen- tral America, Heenis to have lived at FlorisHant, a couplo of apecieH, one of them tolerably common being found there ; yet they cortaiidy difl'or from modern types in the brevity of the antenuH- and bluntnoHS of the head, and are considerably slenderer than any American species known to nie. They may be placed here at least provisionally.
Tiihle u/ the HpeHt' uj' I'rupeiOHOtiiii.
.Smaller MiM^oieo. lai.lly oxcflodiiig tliiuo inilliiiiutera in length ; tliomx with no iiioUian giilrntioii j tontal margin of ooriiim dark 1,7. .nemimtm.
Larger specioH, consMerahly excoH<liiig lour millimeters in length; thorax with median .inlcation; I'cwtiil nntrgin of corinm light x. uli/iiinliii.
1. TrAPEZONOTITS KXTKRMINATITS. PI. 22, Kip. 1»; IM. 2;{, Fips. II, 22. 2.5.
Head triangular, rounded, slightly broadtM- than long, the angulate front rounded ; antoniue slender, subequal, a little longer than head and thorax together, the first joint barely surpassiug the front of the head, the .second joint longest, the .succeeding joint.s sufccssively shorter. Thorax with convex sides, the anterior about three-fourths the length of the poste- rior border, the former slightlj' coru^ave, the latter as slightly convex, the surface faintly punctate, thougli this does not appear on all individuals Ifemelytra with the corium reaching the middle of the abdomen, strongly infuscnted with pallid markings, consisting of a broad, })ale subcostal stripti which does not reach the membrannl suture, and a niediau trianguhir jiatch seated on the same suture, besides which a pale, slender stripe follows tlm sutura clavi. Abdomen full and rounded.
Length of body, 3.1"""; breadth, 1.2'"'"; length of antenna^ 1.4'""'.
Plorissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 5801, 6366, 6550, 7609, 9674, 11757, 12060, 1245}!.
.•jyC, TKkTiAKY INHKCTH Ol" N'OUTII AMKHIUA.
2. Trapk/.onothh stvcuamh. PI. 27, FiR. II.
Iloiid roiiDiIly tri)iii<(iiliir, its .nidus uontiiuiiii^ tlio coui-riu of tlio obliipie sidert of tlio tliomx, ii littlo iirotidor tliaii loi% tliu front wull roiiiidod; antonniit sltMidur und oqutil, liurdlyHo loii^ hh tho lioiid iitid thorax to^utliur, tlio tifrtt joint not siir|iassiiij^ tho hoad. Thorax traiinvorrto, luoro than half as broad a^aiii as lon<r, hroadost in tho iiiiddlu of tliu postorior half, tho Hides stroii;^ly romidod, ta|)(3riii;^- forward so that tho anterior mar^^in Is only two-thirds as loiijf as tho wliolo width of tho thorax, tho front margin slij^htly and ronndly eniaryiiiato, tho hind border gently convex. Hemo- lytra just reai'hinjf tho (Mid of tho abdomen, tho coriiiin cxteiidinjf hardl}' past the iniddlo of tho same, this latter rather palo testaceon.s, with tho whole costal re<ifioii |iall!d, besides loiijritndinal pallid streaks toward tho siitnra cliivi : iiieinlirjino clear. Alidomen full and ronnded. -
LeM;,ftli of l>ody, I..;"""; breadth, 1..S"""; lonjfth of anteniue, l.o""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 9802.
12. LINN.EA gen. nov. (Linnc).
A gemis of Itliyparocln'oiuiiria closoly alliod to (Jronatas Distant, but from which it is rea<lily distiiij^iiished by the smaller head and shortor antenna', tlie first joint of which barely surpasses the head. The head is not more, often loss, than half as broad as the thorax, nearly as long as broad, and scarcely anj^'iilated in front; the anteniiie are oidy as long aH the head and thorax together, the second joint the longest, scarcely increas- ing ii. si/.e apically, the thinl and fourth successively though but slightly shorter, the third siiapcd like the second, tho fourth not incrassated, all smooth. Thorax very broad, bro idest posteriorly, the sides full. Hemo- lytra just surpassing tli«» abdoiucu, the irorium occuipying about three-fifths of the who l^egs, and especially the fore femora, stout.
IVoba My the use of Linuiea in botany has preventeil its use in zoology, but tho time is long past when such restrictions have any value. There is no conceivable wav in which tho use of tho same term for a iving .VIpine flower and a Tertiary bug can cause confusion or be inconvenient.
Several species occur in the North American Tertiaries, but only at Klori.ssiint : while! l)ut for their much lontrer auttmuie and slighter foro
IIKMIPTKUA— IIKTKUUI'TKUA-LVO.KIIJ.K. JW
rciMoni r Hiioiild 1)0 iiiulineil to pliicu lioro two ot' tlio foHhil H|)(>«-ii>H thiiinl at Aix ill I'roveiK'o (Oli^rocoiiu) uikI liorotof'on' iffoiTcd to I'acliyiuuriiH, \ i/, I' tuHi-iiitiiH Ueor iitul I*. piilcliulliiH lluur, wliicli iiiiicli ruHiMiihln oui' tii'Ht two H|it'ciurt.
Tahlf III' lh» Hjin'itt »/ l.iuiiiiii.
MniiiWntiio III' tlii< lii<iii»l,vtrii dlHtliiotly iiiuikril with liroiul, iirnint*, lnii)|ltiiiliiinl *tri|iON.
Til iritx very i'ii|il(lly iiiti'i'ii\vlii)( ill lliii iinlrrlni' ruiirtli 1, /.. hnliuimi
Tliorux lurruwiii); only it llttlti hi tlii^ iiiitorlui' fuiirtli 'i, A. pHlnaml.
Miwiiltriiiiii III' tliii liHinrlytriMiluitr. ('i>riiiiii iiioKtIy iiliNfliirit.
Antni'lui- iiiitt'i' ikiiffliiH III' tliii tbiiritx no rouiiilvil tliat lliu curve ul' the iiulei'lur hull'iil' tli** thorax
Ih uliiinHt. iinironn il. /.. abnlila.
Aiittirlor iiiititr niii(l<m iliNtrli.i't tllOll^ll ruiiniluil... 4. A. farueriilii .
Corliiiii inoHlly eUnr.
CimUI initrKiii illHtlimtly tli'iiijfli riitlitir iiiirrnwly limtiirfoiix; ii'sl nr»(iriiiiii I'Inur .Ti, /,. iroliilii.
Ill aililitloii to tliii tlilok*Miliit( III' tlin riiNlid niiu'Kio, ti'itluriiiiiiH lilotcliim frliiKii tlii< iii«iiiliriitiiil
itiiliiro unit murk tlin iiiitur tip of the ruriiiiii it, L. gravliln.
1. lilNN/ICA I10LMK8II.
PI. 23, KlR. 10.
Iloud slijxhtly l)ro!ul(3r tlum lonjf, well roiiiided, tliofVoiit entirely without tuiyiilutioii. Tlionix halt' as l>i'oad aj^aiu its lou^-, tlio wiiles stroiif^ly iircuato, tho aiitorior iii;tr;i{'iii only about halt" as loii};' as tlio posterior (in which point it is wroiiyly represented on tho plate), which is sli;;litly einar<>'inate at the base of tho sciitelliiin, thi' surface smooth. Heinelytra with tlie coriuni very dark testaceous, deepeniii}^ apically, with n pallid sutnra davi, and a subcostal streak, besides a small triaiif^ular spot on tho membranal suture just without tlio sutiira davi ; menil)rane with four pale testaceous, equidis- tant, slij^htly arcuate, lonj^itudinal streaks, the outer occupyin<>, respectively, tho costal and inner inar^^'iiis, originating^' at a little space beyond tho mem- branal suture and runninjr to the outer margin, the interspaces perfectly clear,
l^ength of body, ;5.;$,")""" : breadth. 1.1")"""; leiioth of antenna', 1.4""".
Named for Mr. W. II. Holmes, geologist, archeologist, and artist of the Ilayden Survey.
Florissant. One Hpecimen, No. "2.320.
2. LlNN.KA.I'lITNAMI.
PI. 23, Fig. 4
This species closely resembles the preceding in general appearance, hut dltfers from it in iiuiwrtant details in those parts which can be com-
H
•■It
398
TBRTIAKY INSKt'TS OF NORTH AMF.RICA.
pared. Unfortunately tlit^ head i» not well preserved and the thorax is defective, but the latter can be seen to be nearly as broad in front as behind, with decided thoiijfh rounded an<cles in front and with a faintly punctate surface. It is of a very dark color ; the coriuui, which is scarcely less dark than the bod}-, shows onh' a slender pallid line at the sutiu-a clavi and along- the principal vein, which passes down the middle and forks in the middle of the outer half of the coriuMi, much fainter after forking. 'I'he membrane is marked as in L. holmosii, but the stripe on the inner margin is very faint.
Length of body, .{.35'""' : breadth, 1.25""".
Named for my fellow student in science, Prof F. W. Putnam, of I'anibridge.
Floris.sant. Oiu' specimen. No. 5S7H.
.». lilNN.KA AHOI.irA.
Head excepti«mally small and rounded, not more than a third as broad lis the thora.K, the front in no way angulate. Thorax with the posterior lobe distinctl}' separated from the anterior and rather le.ss than half as long as it; anterior lobe very rapidly Jiarrowing with oblique but slightly arcu- ate sides, so that the front margin is scarcely more than a third as wide as the thorax, and the front half of the thorax has one nearly uniform curve; the posterior lobe again narrows or is slightly constricted ; surface smooth. IIemel}tra with the corium uniforndy dark fuliginous. mend)rane clear Abdomen very full and rounded.
Length, 3.75"""; breadth, L4'""'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 1918.
4. LiNN/KA CARCERATA.
PI. 23, Fig. 2.
Head .-(mall, less than half as broad as the thorax, almost as long as broad, the front well rounded; antenna' shorter than the head and thorax. Thorax very liroad, twice as broad as long, the sides very strongly rounded and full, the anterior iiardly shorter than the posterior margin, w'th no dis- tinct separation into anterior and posterictr lobes, the surface smooth, with a slight median sulcatiou 'Hemelytra pale testaceous, with large and irreg- iii.ir pallid Idofclms coNoriiig noarlv half tlio cori\iin but not invading the
HEMIPTERA— UETEKOPTERA— LYG^EID.E.
399
apex; membrane clear. Abdomen narrower than the thorax, with parallel sides and broadly ronnded apex, and half as lonj-- again as broad.
Length of body, 3.55""" : breadth of thorax, l.'JS""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 5793, 9G92, 12096, 12464.
5. LWNiEA EVOLUTA. PI. 23, Fig. 21.
Hejid much broader than long, the front broadly angled ; basal joint of antennpB not surpassing the head, the last joint two-thirds the length of the second ; rostrum reaching the posterior extremity of the fore coxa>. Thorax transversely striate, the posterior half with parallel sides, continuous with the equally broad abdomen, the anterior hnlf rapidly narrowing with oblique arcuate sides, so that the anterior border is about two-thirds as long as the posterior and as long as the length of the thorax. Hemelytra with the coriuni clear, except for a faint cloudiness which is a little intensified in a costal margin, the veins marked with serial punctures; membrane clear. Abdomen parallel sided, broadly rounded apically, about half as long again as broad.
Length, a.C""" ; breadth, 1.4'"'".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5840, 7233.
G. LiNN.KA GRAVIDA. PI. 23, Fig. 1«.
Ileiid small, apparently rather less than half as broad as the thorax, shorter than broad, the front broadly angled : antenna^ with the basal joint just attaining the front of the head, the whole scarcely longer than head and thorax. The latter smooth or scarcely j)unctato, half as broad again as long, the sides well rounded, tapering forward a little, the outer anterior angles well rounded off, the anterior margin about two-thirds the length of the posterior. Hemelytra with a pale testaceous costal strii)e on the corium with the membranal edye marked irregularly with the same, as well as with a stripe following the outer side of the sutura clavi and another down the middle of the corium ; membrane clear. Abdomen full, about half as long again as broad. This species is sligiitly larger than any of the others.
Length, 4.5""" ; breadth, 1.75"'"^.
Florissant Four specimen.^. Nos 2966, 4994, 10410, 10882.
4U(»
IKKTIAKV INSKCTS OV NOIiTII AMKKICA.
18. RIIYPAKOCllROMUS (Curtis.
A single fossil was t'oriDcrly referred to this genus by me, which seems rather to belong to the Acanthiidiv. Hut another from Florissant may more rightly claim a place here, and is the only fossil species known. The genus is now feebly represented in North America, a single species occurring in the United Stat(js and another in (iuatemala, while a number are recorded from Europe.
KhVI-AKOCHKOMUS VKKlilLUI. PI. 2.1, Figs. 15, Mi.
Herd narrower than the thorax, bareh' l)roader than long, rounded subtriangular ; antenna' just about as long as head and thorax together. Thorax subquadrate, narrowing gently, the truncate anterior margin five- sixths the length of the posterior, the whole as long as its anterior bre.adth, the anterior lobe three times as long as the j)osterior, the sides full and rounded, very feebly separated from the jtosterior lobe, the surface faintly punctate, llemelytra with the corium reaching the middle of the hinder half of the abdomen, heavily infuscated, but the sutura clavi always marked bv a ])allid line, and sometimes the corium marked with pallid after the style of Trajjczonotus exterminatus of the same beds.
Length, ;}.ry""' ; breadth, 1.2o""".
Named for the distinguisiii'd Yale zoologist. I'r if A K. Verrill.
Florissant. Seven specimen.s, Nos. 1511, 2027, 2050, .UdO, 5270, !»SS4, 11210.
14. I'ACIIVMKKUS St. FargeauaiulServille.
This group, as restricted by Stal, is compo.sed whollv of Old World forms, and is clo-sely related to Rhyparochromns. To it have been referred u considerabh? nnmltcr of fossil Ilcteroptera, fifteen .s))ecies in all,' but onlv two or thnM> of them at the most can bv any i)ossibilitv lie rejiarded as belonging to tlic g(iiiHs in its now restricted foi'ni ; these wonld be, besides the <»ne given l»elou, ii single species each at Aix and (,)eningen and in amber.
' In my Systn iii.il ic rrv Imv <i( to.vsil iiiHcil.t ( Itiill. 1'. S. (ilmiI. Sim v., \ii. ;ll, p. »i:i), I li:ivc.s;iiil .srv- fiit<vii, hT'iii^ Troinjlv irivpii ''p'llit til Un liilxij nil 1 iiiubor for <ini! iium'' Hpevies iMiIi tliau (buy Lave.
HEiMlPTERA— HETEROPTERA— LYG^ID^.
401
Pachymerus petkensis.
ri. 5, Figs. 70, 71. Pachiimerua petremiH Scndd.. Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Siirv. T«rr., Ill, 701 (1877).
A single specimen, of which most of the right half is destroyed, repre- sents thio species, which is phiced here provisioiiidly, principal'y because it appears to be closely related to fossil species put in this group by Heer. It seems to be a larva, and to belong to the Myodochina in the vicinity of Eremocoris. The outline of the head is vague and broken, but the front is apparently bent at a right angle. The antenruc are about half as long as the body, four-jointed ; the basal joint ordy about half as long again as broad, the others subequal, very slightly smaller at the base than at the apex, but otherwise equal, the second a- very little the longest, the last pointed at the tip. Thorax and abdomen of about equal length, the former equally broad throughout (or nearly so) ; the fore and middle femora short and stout, about as long as their separation from each other. Abdomen expanding suddenly at the base, so that the second segment is broadest and apparently half as broad again as the thorax, beyond tapering rather rap- idly to a rounded tip.
Length of body, .3'""'; antenna-, 1.5"""; fore femora, O.Sr)'""'.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
1.^). TIROMERUS gen. nov. (re/pGo, fArjpo?).
Head broadly triangular, as broad as front of thorax, the front angularly rouiuled, the eye.« basal ; anteinuB much more than half as long as the body, the fir.st joint distinctly surpassing tlie head, the second very slender and almost as long as the third and fourth together, these subequal, the last slightly incrassated. Thorax transverse, trapezoidal, tapering gently, the sides more cr less but uot nuich ampliated, with no distinct division into anterior and posterior lobes. Hemelytra with the corium barely reaching the n)iddle of tlio abdomen.
The genus appears to be allied to Rhyparochromus, but the relative length of tho second joint of the antenuiv separates it from any existing genus with which it appears comparable. Two species are found at Flor- issant, which ma}- perhaps be generically distinct, in which case T. torpefactus .should be regarded as typical.
Table of the ui>erieii of Tiromerim,
Thorax much less thau twice u» broatl as loMg l. T. toriiej'actiii.
Thorax fully t«i(^(> as broad as loug -i, t. tahittiiuH.
VOL Xltl 26
I;
402
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
1. TiROMERUa T0RPEFACTU8.
Sides of body nearly straifrht and enlarn^ing slightly from the head to the middle of the abdomen Head about twice as broad as long, the front roundly produced in front of the eyes, Antennae very slender, extending, if stretched along the body, beyond the commissura. Rostrum extending to the middle coxie. Thorax flat, gently taperin;,', with hardly any fullness, the length about two-thirds the breadth, its breadth at apex five-sixths that at base, the angles scarcely rounded, the front margin roundly, regularly, and slightly emarginate, the surface faintly wrinkled transversely, lleme- lytra with the corium reaching the middle of the abdomen, apparently almost clear, but for a costal thickening of a testaceous color.
Length, 3"'"'; breadth of bas'e of thorax, 1.3"""; length of antennae, 2""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1214.
2. TiROMERUS TABIKLUU8.
Whole body of a very regular oval shajie, the largest end posterior. Head about half as broad again as long, the front angularly produced but with the extreme front well rounded ; rostrum reai-hing at least the fore - <'oxa', atul apparently the middle ])air; only the basal part of the antennae preserved. Tliorax almost flat, distinctly and considerably tapering, but sliort, with full sides, a little more tiian twice as broad as long, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base, the front margin roundly, regu- larly, and not slightly emarginate, the surt'ace faintly and finely punctate Hemelytra with the coriuui not extending beyond the middle of the abdomen or hardly reacliing it, tiie membranal suture transversely oblique, the coriuui ai)pareiitly clear.
Length, 3.2;V""'; l)readth in middle of body, Lfi""".
Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. 2475.
16. LITIlOCHlU>MU8 gen. nov. {KiOo<, ZP»>"«).
Head moderate, roundcnl subtriangular, of about etjual length and breadth, tiie front distinctly ungulate, the eyes small and gh)bular, situated in the middle, away fVonj tlie base; anteim.c nearly or (juite half as long as the body, thu last joint scarcely or not iucrassatcil ; the first joint just or banily surpasses the front, the second is long and slender, and with the first
l'\
HEMIPTERA— HETEKOPTEHA— LYG^ID^E. 403
equal or almost equal to the last two together, these subequal. Thorax transverse, usually only half as broad again as long, broadest at the base or slightly before the base, narrowing in front so that the head is never more than half as broad as the thorax, often with a slight triangular depres- sion at apex, with no distinct posterior lobe. Legs, especially the femora, moderately stout. Hemelytra with the corium reaching beyond the middle of the. abdomen, but not far.
Four species have been distinguished in the Florissant shales.
Table of the specks of Lilhochroimu.
Thorax broadest at base ; first two joints of anteniiic together as long as the last two.
Thorax iiiipiiiictate or scarcely piiiictate, longer than the width ut' the head ; ooriuni of hemelytra
obscure 1. L. gardiieri.
Thorax (Minctate, only as long as the width of the head, corium of hemelytra clear.
Thorax more than one-half as long again as the head 2. L. obstrictus.
Thorax less than one-half as long again as the head 3, L. morluarius.
Thorax broadest before the base; first two joints of antennte together 8li(,htly shorter than the last two 4. X. extranem.
1. LiTHOCHROMUS GAKDNERI.
PI. 26, Fig. 10; PI. 27, Fig. 8.
AntennjE as long as the head, thorax, and half of the scutellum. Thorax trapezoidal, longer than the width of the head, less than half as broad again as long, the sides scarcely convex, the apex nearly five-sixths the length of the base, the outer anterior angles a little rounded ; the front transverse or slightly emarginate ; a slight triangular depression broader than long occupies the whole front margin ; surface impunctate or scarcely punctate, as is also the scutellum. Corium of the hemelytra obscure dark fuscous, with pallid longitudinal strig.ne which scarcely affect the outer apex; membrane showing faint, longitudinal, pale testaceous strigfe.
Length, 5""" ; breadth, 2""".
Named for Mr. James T. Gardner, geographer of the Haydea Survey.
Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1092, 2577, 3947, 4717, 5:)837, 10076, 14204.
2. LiTHOCHROMUS OBSTRICTUS.
Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, only as long as the width of the head, more than half as long again as the head ; the sidv?s pretty strongly oblique and slightly convex ; the apex about three-quarters the length of the base ; front margin regularly, broadly, and considerably
m
'If
1 i
404
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
emargituvte ; a slight median snluation, but scarcely any Hign of a depres- sion at the apex. Surface nearly smooth, but coarsely, distantly, and faintly punctate. Corium of hemelytra clear.
Length, .'>2.'>""»; breadth, 2.1""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 6390.
3. LiTIIOCllROMUS MORTUARIUS.
PI. 26, Fig. 2.
Antennre slightly longer than head and thorax together. Thorax sub- quadraiigular, less than half as broad again as long, less than half as long again as the head, and only as long as the width of the head, broadest before the base, with rather strongly con .ox aides, tapering only in the apical half, but rapidly; the apex three-fourths the length of the base; a dis- tinct posterior lobe not one-fourth the length of the anterior; the front mar- gin transve;.ie or very slightly emarginate, with a distnict triangular ante- rior depre-'.ion, twice as broad as long, the apex broadly rounded; surface indistinctly ])unctate. Corium of hemelytra blackish fuscous ; membrane with slight marks of longitudinal infuscation.
Length, 4.t)
l)readth of base of thorax, l.S.'i"""; abdomen, 2.25"
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 4644, 11220.
4. LlTHOCIIROMt^S KXTRANEU8. IM. 26, Fig. 6.
The single specimen is preserveil oidy upon a side view, and is on that account difficult to compare with the others al)solutely. The head apj)ears to be of unusual lengtii, being apparently alxtnt five-sixths the length of the thorax, and is smooth : the antenna- are exceptionally stout and are some- what longer than the head and thorax togetlier ; the first two joints together slightly shorter than the last two ; the first and second joints increase very sliglitlv in size next the apex, and are truncate at tip ; the last joint scarcely enlarges toward the ti]), which is roinided. Thorax apparently tapering from a little l)efon' \\ut base, somewhat tumid, and i)unctate ; corium of hemelytra clear, or very slightly obscnrcMl, punctate throughout, but more densely along the principal veins ; membrane clear.
Length, .5.5"'"' ; of corium of hemelytra, 2.75""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.'{G60.
* :
HEMlFrEUA— HKTEUOPTKKA— I.Y(i.EIl).*:.
405
17. COPTOCHIIOMUS gon. nov. (hottti?, xpoi^ia).
Head rounded tri}iii},niliir, fully as loiifr ii« broad, as broad m the apex of the tliorax; the eyes small, globular, median, the front between them advanced considerably, and roundly aiigiilated ; antemue shorter than in the preceding- genua, longer than in the succeeding genera, being longer than head and thorax togethei-, but considerably leas than half the length of the body; first joint distinctly, though not considerably, surpassing the front, the first and second together shorter than the remainder of the antennje, the third and fourth subeijual and not at all incrassated. Thorax transverse, considerably less than twi(;e as broad as long, decidedly longer than the head, broadest at the base, the anterior lateral margins strongly rounded, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base ; no noticeable posterior lobe. Legs and hemelytra as in the preceding genus.
A single species occurs at Florissant.
COPTOCHROMUS MAMUM.
Antennae of nearly uniform diameter throughout. Thorax trapezoidal with the outer anterior singles strongly rounded; the thorax tapering rapidly only at the extreme apex; front ma. gin gently emarginate, a very broad, rounded, subtriangular, anterior depression three or four times as broad as long occupying the whole apex ; a distinct median carina ; sur- face smooth. Corium of hemelytra varymg from pale testaceous to fuscous, more heavily marked along the costal margin ; the whole surface faintly and uniformly punctate ; membrane clear.
Length, i.e™" ; breadth, 2""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 5248, 6270, 6449, 9046.
18. PROLYG^EUS gen. nov. {7rp6, Lyga'us, nom. gen.)
Body of a very regularly oval form less than twice as long ns broad. Head rather small, with the eyes rather narrower than the reduced front of the thorax, as long as broad, the eyes situated in the middle of the head, and the front i)roduced in advance of them as a broad quadrate mass ; antennae as long as the head and thorax, the first joint not surpassing, prob- ably just reaching, i\\:\ front, the last two longer than the first two joints, subequal and slightly incrassated. Thorax very transverse, nearU- tl
iree
i!; h
■i
406
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
times as broad ns long, the posterior lobe more than one-third of the whole, taporing pr«.)f ' regularly and very considerably from base to apex, which is not more than two-thirds as long as the base. Femora stout and large. Hcmelytra with the corinm extending a little beyond the middle of the abdomen.
A single species is fo'and at Florissant,
PROLYCJiEl'S INIIHDATUS. PI. 27, Fig. 13.
Head very faintly and finely punctate, oblique sides of the thorax gently convex, front margin of tliorax marginate and broadly and slightly emarginate; surface di.slinctly, rather distantly and uniformly jjunctate. Coriui'. of lienii'lytra rather heavily punctate in series which are more or less longitudinal.
Length, tyJi""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.85"""; abdomen, 2.6"".
Florissant. One sj)ecimen. No. 62{(9.
19. NKCROCHROMUS gen. nov. (yenpo?, xP<»f^«).
Body very regularly oval, the broader end posterior, the abdomen being very full, laterally expanded beyond the costal margins of the closed heme- lytra, the whole body less than twice as long as broad. Head with the moderatel}' large eyes just as broad as the apex of the thorax, almost as long as broad, being strongly and angularly produced in front of the eyes, wliicli are situated at or clo.se to the base. Ocelli small, situated clo.se to the eyes on aline with their ])osterior margin; antennsK as long as head, thorax, and scutelluu], the first joint not or but .slightly surpassing the front, the other joints subequal, the fourth slightly the longest, the third shortest, the last two gently incrassated. Thorax transverse, broadest at !)ase, tapering rather or very rapidly, .scarcely longer than tlie liead, tliu sides convex, theob.scure posterior lobe rather less than one-fourtli of the whole. I^egs, or at least the femora, pretty stout. Ilenielytra with tiie corium surpassing the middle of the abdomen to a greater or less degree. ,
Three species are known, all from Fhn'is.sant.
Table of the »peciei of Xecrochrumun.
Thornx al>oiit twice ok lirnnd «n ImiK.
Api'X oflliiir.ix iiiori' tli;i i t lint' foiiri lis as lim;; at liiisii; cDriiini of tu'inclytrii Hlimt . I. .V. cuikirilli. Apex »l' horix lianllv iimn' tli m li k'Tas loii^ .it b tHi<; corium of lnMiiolyira lon); i. .V. lahaliit,
Tlioiiix ulioiit half as liroail again as loiif! :i. A', mixijicui.
HEMlPTEUA-llETEUUPTEUA-LYGiEIDJ!!.
407
1. Necrochkomus cockerelli. PI. 27, Fig. 10.
Head smooth. Thoriix fully twice m broad as loii}^, the apex mure than three-quarters the length of the base, gently tapering with arcuate sideii, the front margin gently and broadly eniarginate with somewhat rcMided lateral angles; sides marginate and on either side near the margin a gently arcuate sulcus subparallel to the margin ; the posterior lobe sepa- rated oidy by a slight carination ; whole surface uniforndy and distinctly punctate. Corium of liemely mi relatively short, hardly surpassing the mid- dle of the abdomen, clear, excepting a broad, fusco-fuliginous band along the membranal suture and the fuscous punctate veins ; the whole of the corium is also distantly punctate ; membrane clear, abdomen fusco-fuligi- nous with a broad, subniarginal, distinctly bordered, clear band not clearly observable in all specimens.
Length, 6,15°""; breadth of thorax, 2.1.5"""; abdomen, 2.85"°'.
Named for Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell, the industrious entomologist of Colorado.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 2229, 8139 and 8234, 9086. 10135, 11231. .
2. Necrochkomus labatus. PI. 27, Fig. U.
Thorax nearly two and a half times ps broad as long, only a little longer than the head ; apex oidy three-fifths the breadth of the base, transverse, the sides oblique, gently arcuate, the outer anterioi- angles scarcely rounded ; the surface uniform, heavily jiunctate. Corium of hemelytra relatively long, reaching the middle of the outer half of the abdomen, pale teKtaceous except- ing rather large fuscous spots along the inner half of the membranal suture ; the whole surface punctate ; the veins infuscated ; abdomen as in last species.
Length, 5"'"- ; breadth of thorax, 2 15™"'; abdomen, 2.8™".
riorissant. One specimen, No. 2871.
3. Necrochromus saxificus.
Anteiuia> as long as head, thorax, and scutellum, all but the apical joint dark ; the latter clear except for some slight blotches. Thorax trapezoidal, hardly half as broad again as long, tapering gently and regularly except
•
408
TEKTlAitY IN8K0T8 OK NORTH AMKRICA.
for tli« «lifflit arciiation of the sidoH from the extreme ba«e; the apox fully three-fourlliH iih hmg «« hani', the front margin gently t-margiiiatt', the oi.ter angles hnnlly rounded ; Murfaee punctate. Corium of hemelytra reaching almost to the middle of the apical half of the abdon)en, more or Ichs obscure and punctate; abdomen uniforndy dark fuscous, difl'ering from the other species in its relative narrowness, so that it is apparently not expanded laterally beyond the margin of the hemelytra.
Length, <)"""; breadth of thorax, l.H"""; abdomen, 2.5""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 8927.
20. EXITELUS gen. nov. (e^irrfXa?).
The body is long oval, njore than twice as long as broad. Head a little broader than long, as broad as the abruptly narntwed ape.\ of the thorax, but hardly half so broad as the base of the thorax; eyes rather small, situated in the middle of the head, the front between them strongly and roundly produced, with no angulation ; antenna; as long as head and thorax together, the first joint barely surpassing the front, the last a little incrassated and apparently the longest. Thorax trapezoidal, narrowing rap- idly from base forward, abruptly ai the very apex, not muoh more than half as broad again as long, the sides a little convex. Fei\ )ni stout. Corium of hemelytra extending beyond the middle of the abchtincn, which, though full, perhaps does not expand laterally beyond the closed hemelytra.
A single species is known.
ExiTELfS KX.SANGUIS. n. 137, Fig. 2.
Head and thorax fu.sco-fuliginous, the latter with a median sulcation, both sniootli, though the .scutelluin is faintly punctate; front margin of the thorax slightly emarginate. Corium of iu^melytra reaching the middle of the apical iialf of the abdomen, fuliginous with a central faint pallid spot, faintlv |)unctate ; abdomen fusco-fuliginous with a jtreniarginal, broad, clearly defined, pale belt which traverses the alxlonien in ecpial Ijreadth ju.st beyoiul the scutelinni.
Length, 4.8.')""": l)rea(ltli (.f thorax, Li)"'"'; abdomen, 2""°.
Florissant. One specimen. No. (!(!'(;.
21
HEM I PTKIl A— H KTEItOlTBltA— lA'd.K I IJvK. . OltYITOCIIROMUS jf«». nov. {HpvTrrdf, xn'^Ho)-
409
Hody of till oval Hliape, a very littlo more than twic^e as loiij^ a8 broad. Head lar^e, diHtitictly broader than the a|)ex of the thorax, fully half aH broad ajjaiii as loiiff, the front but slifflitly advanced befiu-e the eyea, very broadly aiiffulate. Kyes very lar}>e, half as lonj'' as the thorax, heniispher- ical, occupyiiifj;' the entire narrowed side of the head. Antenniv as loiiff aH liead and thorax, the first joint scarcely surpassiiij^ the head, the other joints Hube(iual in len^rth, the second very slender, the fourth distinctly incrassate. Thorax trapezoidal, a little more than twice as broad hh lonjjf, flattened, broadest at base, narrowiii}'' gently ui advance, the sides yeiitly arcuate, the apex two-thirds as broad as the base. Corium of hemelytra reachiiijjf beyond the middle of the apical half of the abdomen.
One species only is known, from Florissant.
Ckyptochromus letatus.
Head, thorax, scutellum, and hemelytra, the latter perhaps to a less extent than the other parts, blackish fuscous, finely and uniformly punctate. Thorax about two and a quarter times as broad as long, the front margin roundly emarginate, the hind margin transverse, the posterior considerably longer than tlie anterior lobe ; a slight median aulcation. Corium of heme- lytra strongly infu.sctated, very long, reaching to the last abdominal joint, the membranal suture very oblique ; abdomen fusco-fuliginous.
Length, 4.15' ; breadth of thorax, 2"""; abdomen, 2.15""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 4487 and 11655.
Snbthmily PYRRHOGORINA Stal.
This peculiar group, by many regarded as deserving family rank, has never before been found fossil. The Florissant beds, however, yield two spiicies, which I have referred to Dysdercus.
DYSDERCUS Amyot and Serville.
To this genus, found all over the world, but not so rich in species with us as in the Old Worlil, un inhabitant mostly of warm climates, and repre- sented in the 'Inited States only in the southern portion, a couple of Flor- issant forms appear to belong. It has not before been recognized in a fossil
i
410
TKRTIAUY IN8KCT8 OP NOIMII AMKIllCA.
i I
Mtiito, but it IH qiiitu puHHiblu thiit hoiuo of tliu iindoHrriluMl HpuciuH in the Kiiropenn Tortinrien rofoirt'd to LyjfiLMiH may hv fimiid on uxiuniiiittion to belong liero or to other I'yrrhocoriim, Hinco tho twoHpoiuos found at Fl()riH- niiut ch)Mely rimtMnblu thu HpeciuH of liV^^u'iiH from thif Mumo l)e(lM, and until thuir want of ouolli waH notud were ])hi('i)d noxt to thum.
7Vi6/r o/ Ihf »(ieritii iif /)y«(/< nin
Mlildloofbotly belteil with a light Itnnd 1. /». Wd./Hf.
Ikidy uniform in color , W. /A unirolur.
1. DysDERCUS CINCTTI8. PI. L'4, Flj{8. 11, la, 14,
Head rounded, 8ubtrian<i^ular, the front broadly rounded with a Hli;fht an^uhition (V\}f. l.'J irt inaccurate, having been drawn before tiie sione was broken away from flie head). Surface tranKversely and finely corrugated, otherwise smooth. Thorax coarsely, obscurely, and distantly punctale, as are also the femora. The scutellum appears to be nearly smooth. Hemo- lytra finely punctate along impressed lines following the course of the prin- cipal veins. Whole body dark, but transversely Itanded with lighter color in a rather broad belt, which cros.ses the posterior half of the thorax and more distinctly traverses the body and closed hemelytra at the tip of the scutellum.
Length of body, H.Gr)""" ; antenna^, :5.75""" ; breadth of body, Sly'"".
Flori-ssant. Nine specimens, Nos. 142ti, 174.5. liVM, 4-24H, .580.5, 71fil, 9890, 10303, i35()l. One of the specimens figured. No. .586.5, was n)islaid at the time of description of the species, but undoubtedly belongs here.
2. Dysuercus unicolor.
Body uniformly dark fuscous throughout, with no indication of any transverse lighter-colored bands. Head smootii, aiitenn;e concolorons. Thorax and scutellum very lioarsely and distantly punctate. The abdomen similarly but more ob.scurely and still more distantly punctate, the clo.sed hemelytra slightly surpa.s.'^ing its extremity.
Length, including the closed hemelytra, 8.5'""'; anteniue, 3..5"'" ; breadth, 3.5""". *
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 3230, 10340.
I
U 1
HBMll'TBRA— IIKTKHOPTUUA— (JOUElDJi;.
411
Family COREID^ Stephens.
The momborH of thiH lar^u t'liiiiily do not uppoar t(» havu been recov- ered from tlie ro(;kH in any great variety of forniH, and from amber but a Hingle HpitciuH Ih known. The Coreina and Alydinie appear to Iiave been far tlio moHt abundant anumg the HubfamilieH, tlie former prevailing in Hurope, the hitter in America; in America miicli tlie greater number of all the species, mid {^ennra aH well, belong to the Alydinic, u Homewhat remarkable fact in viuw ol' the relatively Hlight importance of this giouj) to-day. The Cori/.idu were next in importance, a few Hpecies being found both in Europe and Ameriiui. 'I'he other Hubfamiliex represented are the Psinulopidtrina, which ociMirs on;y in America and in a single genus, which appears, however, to have been very connnon ; and the Herytina, found only in Europe, and the only subfamily represented in amber. Excepting one Corizus, all the American species that have been found have occurred only at Florissant.
Siibfiimily OOREINA St&l.
This Hubfamily is better rejjresented in the European Tcjrtiaries than in our owtj, wlmro it has so far been detected only at Florissant. In Europe wo tind a dozen species of half as nniny genera, of which one, I'ulicocoris lloer, with a single species from Radoboj, is regarded as extinct, and another, (Joreites, with three species from Oeningen and Radoboj, is used only as a magazine for imptn'fectly known forms. The other genera are Syronifistes, with four species from Oeningen, Spartocera, with two from Radoboj, and single species of Ilypselonotus at Oeningen, and Leptoscelis at Sieblos. Resides Series states tiuit two small species of Coreus (used in a general sen.se) occur at Aix.
None of these at all resemble in any particular manner the forms we • find at Florissant, where all the sp(>cies but one have to be referred to extinct genera, and the one exception may require a similar reference when better known. There are, however, but four genera with nine species. In two of them, one containing four species, it is difficult to determine in what relation they stand to existing types on account of the peculiarities of the neuration of the hemelytra. A third, Piezocoris, with three species, is remarkable for its large head, but otherwise does not greatly differ from
; i
f)
412 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMERICA.
Anasa, to which the remaining species is referred. In all the antennaj are brief and have the joints beyond the basal of more than usual equality.
Table of the genera of Coreina.
Ilcuil uot moru Miaii half as lotif; as tli» thorax 1. Anata.
Ili'iid iiKiro than liairiix lon^ ax the thorax.
An oliliqiit^ vein riiiiiiiiit! t'roin thi< upper apex of tho auiitral cell of tho ooriuiu to the coHta, iiicIoM. in^ a lar;;e rliomboiihtl cell at the apex of the coriiiui.
Head and thorax ol'Hiiliei|iiiil length 'J. AchrcntovoriH.
Head iimi'li tthorter than the thorax X I'hlhiiioioriii.
No ublique veiu uor rhoiuboidal cell at apex of curium 4. i'ieiuvuni.
1. ANASA Ainyot and Serville.
This American genus, rich in species in tropical and subtropical regions and with at least twenty species in North America having a great variety of form and general appearance, is best known to the public by our com- mon odoriferous " stpuish-bug." The genus has never before been found fossil, but occurs in a single instiince at Florissant, the species being some- what peculiar in the form of the anterior half of the thorax.
AnASA PBISCOPUl IDA. PI. 24, Fig. 4.
Head rounded triangular, together with the eyes rather more than half tlie width of tlit^ front lobi' of the thorax, of about equal length and l)roadtli, tho front stronji-lv pyotn.i'K'd in advance of the eves. Antenua- .somewliat more than half as lnii^- as the body, tho first joint but little stouter than the other.s, cylindrical, scarcely shorter than the head, the second and fourth subequal, the third smaller. Thora.v fully double the length of tlie head, the anterior and posterior lobes very distinct in tiieir form and struct- ure, the posterior occujjying two-thirds of the length witli rounded alations, which increase its l)readtli nearly one-third ; surface distantly and rather fiiu'lv granulate, except along its anterior edge, where the granulations uro. larger and more -crowiUMl : except for the alations the sides are straigiit ; anterior lol)i' very rapidly tapering in front, the sides strongly oblitpie and well rounded ; the front margin gently and broadly emarginate ; tiie surface smooth like tlie liciid. except for a few granulations along the anterior mar- gin and lateral edges. Sciitellum large, triangular, granulate like the pos- terior lobe of the thorax. Corium and clavus of tho hemelytra distantly
il
-i
HBMIPTERA— IIKTEUOPTERA— COREII)^.
413
punctate in linear rows. Legs slender, tlie anterior femora lonjrer than the breadth of the body. Abdomen long and rather narrow with straight sides tapering apically.
Length of body, 7'"'"; breadth of jjosterior lobe of thorax, 2,8™"'; abdomen, 2.25""" ; length of antenna-s, 4""".
F'lorissant. One specimen, No. 13314.
2. ACHRESTOCORIS gen. nov. (axptjffro?, xopt?).
This genus and tlie following are remarkable for the neur.it'on of the corium of the hemelytra, wliere an oblique vein runs from the upper apex of the central cell to the costa, in addition to the two other veins running from the extremity of the cell to the membrane, and so inclosing between itself and the U|)per of these two usual veins a large riiomboidal cell at the apex of the corium. In the j)re8ent genus the thorax is exc'ej)tionally short, being no longer than, if as long as, the small head. The head is subquad- rate, slightly longer than broad, less than half as wi le a« the base of the thorax, not much protluced in front of the antenuic. Aniennse not preserved in any of the specimens. Kyes large and rather prominent, ocelli minute, circular, more than twice as near the eyes as each other, opposi*^" the middle of the i)osterior half of the eyes. Thorax with truncate base, the sides tapering rapidly to the narrow apex, the ajical margin gently, regularly, and roundly emarginate, the whole more than twice as long as broad. Scutellinn very large, triangular, broader than long. Corium of heinelvtra large, reaching nearly to the tip of the abdomen, which the membrane appears to surpass slightly. Membranal margin straight, very oblicpie Abdomen large and rather full, half as long again as broad.
A single species is known.
ACHRESTOCORIS CINERARIU8. ri. '22, Fig. 1.
Pody robust, but litth^ more than twice as long as broad. Head very finely granulate, intraocular space about half as wide as the length of the head; tius color black. Thorax l»iackish fuscous with coarse and faint puncta', not very close together; sides with very slight ampliations; rest of the body l)lack or blackish fuscous. 1 lemelytra fiisco-fuliginous with dusky
■I
414
TEUTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
veins ; a broad band crossing the base of the abdomen and including the hemelytra of a reddish fuscous color.
Length of body, 8.5°"" ; breadth of thorax, 3°"° ; breadth of middle of abdomen, 3.6""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 4480, 11223, 11234, 12085.
3. PHTHINOCORIS gen. nov. {tp'h'vco, ncpis).
This genus agrees closely with the last except that the thorax is much longer, the head being distinctly shorter than it. It is of a similar robust form. The head is similarly shaped and well rounded ; the eyes are large, the ocelli small and circular, as near together as to the eyes and opposite the middle of the same. The antennai are scarcely half as long as the body, the basal joint moderately stout but short, not half so long as the head, the other joints subequal, but the fourth the smallest and scarcely incrassated. Thorax fully twice as broad as the head, tapering forward with rounded amj)liated sides, more or less distinctly separated into an anterior and posterior lobe (the anterior very short) by a transverse slight sulcation, sometimes marked by a series of granules. Hemelytra with the sanie structure as to the venation as in Aciu'estocoris, the central cell remarkably short, its apex being .scarcely beyond the center of the corium ; membrane slightly exceeding the abdomen ; this latter shaped as in Achrestocoris.
Four species are known.
Table of Ihv »pede$ of I'hihinocorU.
Head much «horter than thorax; species of inedium hizo.
Thorax aliiiOHt twice as broail at base as long 1. /'. collifiatiiii.
Thorax iinicli lewt th.m twice as broad at base aa long 2. I'.letlarijkuii.
Hea<l and thorax of Nubeqiial length.
Species of small Nize (mrasuriug about 6.5io"> in length); licad not broa<ler than lung, delicately
Rrannlate W. V. laiuiuiduK.
S[)ecie8 of large size (meaMnring about 9.5™™ in length); head broader than long, coarsely and obscurely granulate 4. P.peirwu*.
1. Phthinocobis COLLIQATUS. PI. 22, Fig. 3.
Head imperfectly preserved but plainly triangular, the surface nearly smooth, but beset with a line granulation. Thorax nearly twice as long as the head, not quite twice ivs broad as long, the sides nearly straight and
HEMlPTEllA— HETEROPTERA— COREID^.
415
regularly tapering ; the surface black or blackish fuscous and finely granu- late, a row of granules marking the limitations of the two lobes. Scutellum finely granulate, black. Hemelytra fusco-fuliginous, the membrane fainter; the corium long, reaching almost to the extremity of the abdomen ; the sutura clavi marked b)^ u pallid line ; the surface of the whole more or less finely punctate.
I^ength of body, 8""" ; breadth of thorax, 3"™.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 6371.
2. Phthinocoris letharoicus. PI. 26, Fig. 17; PI. 27, Fig. 17.
Head blackish fuscous, nearly smooth, but with fine transverse corru- gations ; the antetuise of the same color. Thorax reddish fuscous except along the posterior margin, which with the whole scutellum and the base of the hemelytra beside it is blackish, forming a broad,- transverse belt across the body ; the sides of tho thorax full, anipliated, the thorax tapering much more rapidly in the anterior than in the posterior half, the separation of the anterior and posterior lobes marked by a fine row of granules ; the surface otherwise nearly smooth but faintly and coarsely granulose. Scutellum finely corrugate. Hemelytra pale fusco-fuliginous, the membrane nearly pallid, the veins all marked with fuscous in series of punctures upon either side ; corium i<vther shorter than in the preceding species.
Length of body, 8.65""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5°"" ; abdomen, 3.6°"° ; length of antennae, 3.5'°°'.
Florissant. Thre. specimens, Nos. 6370, 8740, 9532.
3. Phthinocoris languidus. PI. 27, Fig. 6.
The smallest of the species. Head rounded, of about equal length and breadth, the eyes only moderately large, globular, the surface of the head iinely granulate. Antennae slender but short, not half the length of the body, black like the head ; indeed the whole body is black. Thorax just ab(Mjt as long as the head, move coarsely granulate than it, more than twice as broad as long, the sides tapering but regularly rounded. Corium of
416
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
hemelytra rather heavily but not very deeply punctate, the puncta: distrib- uted only in part in longitudinal series and not confined to the vein>< ; the corimn about as long- as in the preceding species, or rather shorter ; not so short as represented in the figure, but extending as far as the membrane is there repi'esented. Legs short but slender.
Length of body, 6.65""° ; of antenna',2.2.'>""" ; breadth of thorax, 2 25""" Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 9451 and 10961, 10613, 12256.
4. PhTHINOCORIS PETRiEUS.
This species is represented by specimens less well preserved than the others, but differs from tliem all in its much larger size and in the structure of the thorax. Tiie head is distinctly broader than long, more than half as broad as the thorax, distantly and very finely granulate ; the basal joint of the antennie is ])retty stout, but very short and but little surpasses the front of the head, Tlie thorax is twice as broad as long, the sides tapering rapidly but full, the surface coarsely and very distantly granulate ; the whole body is black or blackish fuscous with faint signs, in some instances at least, of a broad belt of lighter color across the body including in its anterior half the scutellum. Corium of hemelytra marked by coarse di.stant granulations following the veins ; it extends to no great distance before the tip of the abdomen.
Length of body, 9.5"""; breadth of thorax, 3.1™"'.
Florissant. Four speci.nen.s, Nos. 7769, 9999, 10366, 11766.
fc i
4. PIEZOCORIS, gen. nov. {Triil^a^, n6pi?).
A genus of Coreina peculiar for the large size of the head ; this is fully one-half, sometimes two-tliirds, the width of the thorax, subtriaiigular in form i lid well rounded, rather broader than long, the front rectangular, produced in front of the eyes ; the latter are rounded, prominent, the intraocular space beinjras broad as half the length of the head. Antennne much as in Phthin- ocori.s, the basal joint moderately stout, cylindrical, less than one-half as long as the head, the remaining joints subequal, the second .ad third slen- der, about half as broad as tlie basal, the last incrassated, subfusiform, nearly as stout as the basal. Thorax fully as long as the head, tapering, the apical margin more than half as long as the basal. The bemelytra of the
HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA-COREIDiEJ. 417
ordinary structure. The legs nither short, slender, the bind femora scarcely so long as the width of the abdomen. Three species pre known.
Table of the species of Piezocoria.
No distinct dark spot noar apex of coriuni ; eyes largo.
Apical niarf,'iii of thorax more than half as loi,g as the basal i p „eritus
Apical iimruin of thorax loss than half as loug as the basal .'."!.'.".'"! "a'p ' comvactilis
A <:!atiuct (lurk spot near the apex of coriiim ; oyes small .3. p. p^emiitiis
1. PlEZOCORIS PERITUS. PI. 25, Fig. 15.
The whole body fusco-fuliginous, tinged more or less with blackish fiiscous. Head faintly granulate, excepting next the base, where it is more distinct. Thorax very coarsely and very distantly granulate, the sides nearly straight, the apical margin faintly and roundly emarginate and nearly two-thirds as long as the basal ; scutellum like the thorax. Corium of heme- lytra very coarsely punctate, especially next the base, reaching very near the extremity of the abdomen, which the membrane considerably surpasses. Legs short, the femora sube(pial, faintly punctate.
Length of body, 7.5"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 2.8"""; length of antennae, 4""-.
Florissant. One si)ecimen, No. 10956.
2. PlEZOCORIS COMPACTILIS.
Whole body black. Head apparently smooth. First joint of antennaj surpassing a Httle the front of the projecting snout; second and third joints of the anteniue a little pallid. Thorax coarsely but not prominently and rather distantly granulate, the apical mai-gin broadly and roundly emargi- nate, a little more than half as long as the basal, the sides rapidly tapering with slight fullness. A])domen rather slender and long.
Length of body, 7.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.75""'; length of antennae, 4"«".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5731.
3. PlEZOCORIS? PEREMPTUS.
PI. 26, Fig. 14.
Body blackish fuscous, mottled with pallid, especially upon the abdo- men. Head smooth excepting on its posterior border, where it is coarsely VOL xai 1»7
418
TERTIAllY INSECTS OF NOIITU AMERICA.
ffrauulate; eyos very small, globular. Thorax very coarsely rnrl distantly granulate, perhaps a little longer than the head and certainly broader than long. Ilenielytra scarcely showing any veins in the coriuni, which is pale fuliginous, edged with dark fuscous, and with a large round fuscous spot just before the middle of the menibranal margin ; the membranal margin itself infuscatod at its two extremities ; membrane more deeply fuscous, especially toward tlie base and on either side, with numerous veins arising from a transverse vein following the membranal margin ; the extremity of the corium is far before that of the abdomen, which is barely covered by the membrane.
Length of body, 9.05'"™ ; breadth, at least 3""".
This species, being preserved only upon a side view, can not bo defi- nitely referred to this genus ; but as it agrees better with it than with any of the others and does not furnish characters sufficient for clear generic separation I have preferred to leave it in this place.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 5633.
^
Subfamily ALYDINiE Distant.
Although when compared to the other Coreidic, this subfamily is to-day but poorly represented in America, whether i- temperate or tropical regions, this was not the case in Tertiary times, for it was fairly well furnislied with genera and species, and as for numbers in individuals no group of Heter- optera could compare with it. ^[ost of the eight genera are extinct types and belong to the division of Micrelytraria in the immediate vicinity of Pro- tenor and Darmistus, with slender and unarmed hind femora, but also, as a general rule, with distinctly though delicately and profusely spined hind tibia;. One genus, Rhepocoris, contains the bulk of all, and of the four or five species bel.mging to it nearly all the specimens obtained belong to two closely allied forms, possibly to ho regarded as oidy one. In Europe but three fo.ssil Alydinu' have been recognized, and these have all been referred to the division Alvdariii. One from the brown coal of the Rhine is irrecojr- nizable at jiresent, but was referred by Germar to Alydus ; a second from Oeningen is a true Alydiis ; and a third, also from (^eniiigen but unde- scribed, was com[)ared l)y I leer to Alydus lateralis, now placed in the neighboring genus Camplopus.
i.
HEMIPTEUA— iiETEUOPTEllA-CUUEID.E. 419
Table of the genera of fossil Abjilinw.
Hind fomora Hplnod bonoath 1. Cacalydui,
Iliud femora iinunncd.
Puatorinr lutural anglcH of thornx produced as a spine 2. Vydamus.
Posterior lateral angles of thorax nut produced.
Tliorax scarcely narrower at npcx tliiin at base 3. rarodarmiitus.
Thorax dislinetly tapering from base to apex.
First joint of antonn.o no longer than the head.
Head distinctly longer than thu thorax ; flrst joint of antenniu (at least in Protenor) as long as the head. Body slender; thorax tapering gently, of about equal length and breadth.
4. I'rotenor.
Body robust; thorax tapering rapidly, twice as broml as long 5. Tenor.
Head and thorax 8nbe<|iial in length ; llrst joint of uuteniuu diorter tliau the head.
Second joint of ant Miniu much longer than either of the 'hers (i. Ktirocoris.
Second, third, and fourtti joints of antennic subeqnal ,..7 lihepoeoris.
First joint of antenniu much longer than the head 8. Orthriovorisa,
1. CACALYDUS gen. nov. {huho^, Alydus, iioni. gen.).
Nearly allied to Alydus but difFeriiij; from it in the structure of the antennoe, which are distinctly shorter than the body ; the first joint about as long as the head, the other three subecjual, the terminal joint incrassatcd gently, but no longer or scarcely longer than the second and third. The head is more than half as broad as the thorax, subquadrate or subrotund, of about equal length and breadth ; the eyes not very strongly prominent. The body is elongate, subeqnal, the thorax tapering forward to a greater or less degree. The legs moderately stout, the hind fomora strongly incras- satcd, and on the outer half of their inferior surface armed more or less dis- tinctly with spines. These, unfortunately, are not shown in the drawings of either of the species.
Tabh of theaptciesof Vacali/diis.
Species of largo size (more than eleven millimeters long); head scarcely constricted behind the ey^s.
1. ('. lapsus. Species of moderate size (less than uiue millimeters long); head strongly constricted behind tlie eyes.
2. C. exstirpatus.
1. Cacalydus lapsus.
PI. 25, Fig. 12.
A large species, of which unfortunately but a single specimen is at hand. Intraocular space of the head scarcely equaling one-half the width of the head, the surface rather coarsely, faintU', and transversely corrugate, not consti'icted in the least behind the eyes, so that there is no neck at the junction of the head and thorax. Tliorax subquadrate, a little broader than long, tapering but gently, the surface nearly smooth. Fore
420
THltTIAUY INSECTS OF NOllTU AMEUICA.
femora with a median lonjritiulinal carina, not very prominent, middle and hind femora nnicJi enhir},'ed, the hind pair with delicate spines on only the a])ical liiilf of the inferior snrface.
Lenffth, 12.4"""; breadth of thorax, 2.3""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.508 of tlie Princeton Collection.
2. Cacalydus exstirpatus. ri. 25, Fig. 3.
Head subrotund, of about equal lenfrth and breadth, distinctly con- stricted behind the eyes so as to form with the rapidly taperin<^ thora.x a distinct neck ; intraocular part of the head three-fourths the width of the whole ; the surface coarsely {granulate. Thorax trapezoidal, fully one-third as broad ag'ain at base as at apex, not very coar.sely jfranulose. Legs rather slender, the middle femora agreeiii;^' l)etterwith the fore femora than with the hind ; the hind femora nuich swollen, armed on the inferior sur- face at and a little beyond the middle with six or seven large, coarse, irregu- lar, flattened, spinous detiticiilations ; the basal third of the same femora lighter colored than the rest of the femur.
Length of body, 7.25 "'"' ; breadth of thorax, 2™".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. G62S, 1()70I>, 12102, UJ.'Ul.
IP •
2. CYDAMrS Stal.
This genus comprises, as far as known, only four or five tropical and subtropical American species. Tlie one whicii we here add from Florissant can be jilaced here oidy provisionally, as it does not agree in many striking features with the modern forms. In particular tiie l)()dy is more robust, not slender and elongate, as in the modern types. With this exception, it has never been recognized in a fossil state.
CyUAMUS KOliUSTUS. ri. 20, Fig. .J. Head anil thorax similarly, delicately, and equaldy granulate, unle.ss the granuhitioits are cfiarser next tlie base of the tlxM'ax. Tli(»rax a little shorter than broad, tapering rather rapidly to the apex, wiiicli is not so broad as tlu; head, the eyes included, but broader than the intraocular part of the head ; outer posterior angles produced to a long, tapering spine
11 EM I PT E R A— UETF ItOPTEll A— COIIEID ^i. 42 1
directed equally backward and cutward, not properly represented on the plate ; the hinder margin slopes backward to aid in forming the spine, immediately the limits of the scutellum are past. On the scutellum the granulations become more or l^ss transverse corrugations, es^jccially toward the apex, but I can detect no scutellar spine. Ilemelytra extending a little beyond the abdomen, with the corium and clavus dark brownish fuliginous, rather distantly punctate with white in linear rows ; membrane very pale fuliginous, pallid next the apex of the corium.
Length of body, not including the hemelytra, 5.75"""; homelytra, 4.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5'""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7856.
3. PARODARMISTUS gen. nov. (Trdpn?, Darmistus, nom. gen.).
Related to Darmistus Stt^l, but differing from it in the length of the last antenntal joint, which is no longer than either of the two preceding ; the antennaj are scarcely more than half as long as the body ; the basal joint is moderately stout, short, projecting but little beyond the front of the head, the remaining joints subequal, the last very gently and slightly incrassated, but not longer than the second, rarely longer Hian the third and then but slightly. Head and thorax of auboqual length, the head rounded or subquadrate, of about equal length and breadth ; tlie thorax subquadrate, scarcely narrower at apex than at base, yet never longer than broad. Ilemelytra just re.,.ching the end of the abdomen, the two principal veins of the membrane forming a median loop, its apex just before the center of the membrane, and from which radiate at tolerably regular dis- tances six or seven etpial or subequal forks. Hind femora slender and smooth, hind tibiii; delicately spinous.
Six species occur in the Tertiary shales of America, all from Floris- sant.
Tahh of the species of Paroilarmistua.
Thorax about equally granulate tliroiigliont.
Hind foinorn twico as long as tlio width of the thorax 1. P. abtciasua.
Jlind fmimra lcs» than half as long again as the width of the thorax 2. P. cadiicui.
Thorax with the posterior lobe very distinctly more coarsely granulate than the anterior.
Thorax scarcely broader than long a. /'. colHaiis.
Thorax considerably broader than long. *
Thorax about half as broad again as long.
Eyes of moderate size, not prominent; head and thorax subequal in length ..4. P. dcfcctut. Eyes very large and prominent ; head considerably longer than the thorax.
5. P. cxanimatus. Thorax twice ns broad again as long 6. P. inhibitui.
HtaN
422
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH A.MKUICA.
•
1. PaU01»4KMI8TU8 AH8CISSU8.
U(i(ly iiiucli olongati'd and Hlendor, Head slij^litly longer tlian broad, broadi'st at tlio posterior margin of tlio eyes, l)cliind which tlio liead in somewhat stron;;ly contracted ; eyes pretty hirge, not very prominent. Anteiina> a little more than half as long as the body, very slender; surfaco of head not very coarsel\- but very considerably granulate, with a tond- eticy toward a transverse disposition of the granules. Thorax sulxpuul- rate, .scarcely narrower apically than basally, at the apex as broad as the head, including the eyes; the lateral angles of the front somewhat rounded ; surface like that <tf the head granulate, e(pudly fine throughout, with no distinction between the anterior and po.sterior portions. Hind femora very long, gradually enlarging from base to apex, but scarcely stouter at the broadest than the middle femora, almost as long as the antenna*. Head and thorax piceou.s, legs dusky fuliginous.
Length of body, 7.2ry""' ; hind fen.ora, 3.25""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.5™"' ; abdomen, 2.2""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 12100.
2. Pakoiukmistus CADt'crs.
Body slender but not greatly elongated ; head of about equal length and breadth, tho front well rounded between the antoniuv, constricted behind the eyes, which are modtTiitely large, not very ])rominent. Antennju about half as long as the body, or a little more than that, moderately slender, the second and third joints a little larger apically than at the base, the last joint gently incrassated and fusiform. Thorax sulxjuadrate, a little broader than long, like tlie head granulate ecjually throughout, with no di.stinction between the anterior and posterior portions. All tho femora subequal, tho hind femora very m\.A\ shorter than the antennaj. Head and thorax pico- ous, legs fusco-fuliginous.
Length of body, G"""; l)readth of thorax, 1.6"'™; abdomen, 1.75"'"'; length of hind femora, 2.5"""'.
Florissant. Two specimens, No.s. 1432, 3358. •
• 3. Parodarmistus collisu.s.
ri. 25, Fig. 13. Head quadrate, the front transverse, scarcely advanced between the antenna; ; of nearly ecpuil breadth throughout, not constricted behind the
JlEMirii:UA-llKTEKOrTEl{A--(OUUIIU":.
423
eycH, wliicli iiro niodemtoly Inrgo and vory promlnont ; Hurfaco dolicatoly f^mmilnte. Tliorux Hcarcoly hroiidcr tliaii long, Htilxjiiadratc, at tlie j ox of till! saiiH! width as tlio liwid, tlio lat(;ral angles rectangular, tlio poHtorior lobo coarsely, tlio anterior lobo scarcely, granulate. Ilenielytra reaching the oxtreniity of the abdomen ; coriiun and clavns blackish fuliginous, with the HUtura clavi marked by a broad pallid stripe which broadens at the costal niargin to a large triangular spot; membrane \m\ii ftiliginous, the veins infuscated, a moderately large, trapezoidal, pallid spot next the apex of tho coriuni. Legs dark fuliginous, uniform.
Length of body, 7.5"'"'; breadth of thorax, l.S"'"; abdomen, 2.7""'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 12778.
4. Parodarmistus okfectus.
Head subquadrangular, slightly longer than broad, about as long as the thorax, the sides straight, the front broadly angulato, surface delicately granulate, eyes rather small, not very j)rominent. Antenna) rather more than half as long as the body, slender, the last joint delicately incrassated and fusiform. Thorax trapezoidal, tapering slightly from base to apex, the apex being about two-thirds as long as the base, tho whole about half as hroad again as long, the apex about as broad as the intraocular part of the head, the apical nuirgin slightly and gently ennxrginato ; the surface of the anterior lol)e nearly smooth, of the posterior coarsely granulate like the scutellum ; veins of tho corium of the hemelytra coarsely granulate. Head and thorax blackish fuscous, tho anterior lobo of the thorax a little lighter; the legs fusco-fuliginous.
Length of body, 7.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2""".
Florissant. Throe specimens, Nos. 5121, 9428, 9941.
5. Parodarmistus exanimatks.
Head rounded, except for the eyes broadest at the posterior edge of the eyes, behind which it is somewhat constricted, rather longer than broad, longer than tho thorax, considerably and roundly jjroduced in front of the eyes ; eyes large and prominent ; surface graiudate ; antennae considerably more than half as long as the body. Thorax about half as broad again as long, shorter than the head, coarsely granulate posteriorly, delicately granu- late anteriorly, the sides somewhat full ; scutellum coarsely granulate.
I •«
424
TKKTIAUY INrtWVrs OK NDItTII AMKUI(!A.
!!■'
Coriuin of liouu^lytra (listiuitly and coarrti^ly pniictutu aloiifr tho voiiiB. Iltuul ami thorax Macikisli fuscctUH ; tho \v<^n very thirk tt'stacoouH. Length of body, 5.7""" ; breadth of thorax, XM""". ■ P'loriasant. l<our Hpocimoiis, Noh. 772, KJ39, 6114, and porhupn 71)20.
ii. Pakodahmihtith iNiiiiirrirs.
Iload very hirjjo, tranHvorm*, roundly iiiiyiihito in front, Imt novortho- leHH distinctly loiif^or than broad, not contracted behind tho oyoH, which are very lar<^o but not very proniiiicnt ; surface ^^ranulato thnuighout; tho antennie considerably more than half iis loii^'' as the body, '''horax (juad- ranj,'nlar, transverse, about twic^o as louf^ as liroad, scarcely tapornif,* ante- riorly, both bas(t and apex truncate, tho whole surface j^rannlato, but nuich nioro coarsely l)eliiMd than in front. Head, thorax, and scntelluni Idack; abdomen Idackish fuscous. to;,''ether with most of the corinni of tlu* heino- lytra ; the nu'nd)rano fuli},Mnous with a pallid area at tho aj)ex of tho corium, tho veins marked in fu.scous; le^s blackish fuscous.
Length of body, (i.3"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 1.8""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. /jS'i'J, 83r)fi.
4. PliOTKNOR St.11.
Thi.s gonu.s, of which oidy two species are known, ono from tlio cen- tral Western States, tho other from (Central America, is represented at Flor- issant by a single species, which seems to agree tolerabh' well gonerically with these. It is to bo noticed, however, that, as frecjuently seems to l)o tho case with fossil forms, the anteima' are distin(;tly slutrter than in tho exist- ing types, and that the fossil species agrees better in tho structure of the head and in general size with the Central American than with tho Illinois species; it is much smaller and stouter than the Illinois species.
PkOTENOR IMHECILLIB.
PI, L'«, Fig. h.
Tho head of tho single specimen known is somewhat obscure, but is half as long again as broad, with straight and parallel sides and rather bluntly angulate front, tho portion in front of the antenn.'e being equian- gular; the whole considerably longer than the thorax, and not constricted
FIKMIPTKItA— HI-JTKKOl'THKA-COREIDil':.
425
poHtoriorly, l)oiiij,' m hroud at tlio biiHo nH tlio apox of tlio thorax ; antoniijo (liHtiiictly Hliortor than tho body, tho firHt joint noarly n» long rh tho head, and Hcarculy, if at all, Hhorter than tho Hocond or third joint, tho fourth joint gontly inoraHHatod, but «carc,ely broader than tho othors and nlightly tho longest. Thorax trapezoidal, Hcarcoly longer than broad, gently narrowing from buHo to apex, the apex being fivo-HixtliH tho length of tho base ; Hurface coarHoly granulate, especially posteriorly. Homelytra faintly puncjtato in linear series. Legs long aiul very slender.
Length, 8.2.')"""; breadth of base of thorax, 1..')'""'; length of hind femora, .'I 5""".
FlorissftUt. One specimen, No. 10391.
5. TENOR gen. nov. (r*7Va>).
Hody robust ; head subrotund, of about etpial length and breadth, the eyes centrally situated, small, globular, the front between thorn broadly rounded but much advanced, behind the eyes constricted. Thorax several times broader than long, not more than half as long as the head, strongly tapering, the apex as broad as the intraocular part of tho head. Abdomen tolerably full. Hind femora remarkably slender, scarcely longer than the width of tho body. ^
A single species is known.
Tenor sPELUNCiE.
Head uniform and coarsely punctate. Thorax similar but even more coarse, uniform throughout ; behind the prothorax tho body is nearly twice as broad as tho head ; whole body blackish fuscous ; tho legs testaceous. Unfortunately tho antennas are not present, and the hemelytra are too obscure to say more than that the corium and clavus are rather finely punc- tate linearly.
Length of body, 7""" ; breadth of head, 1.5""°; base of thorax, 2.6"""; abdomen, 2.8"'™.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 10227.
6. ETIROCORIS gen. nov. (re/po), Kopti).
Head narrow, long, and slender, the front between the antennaj greatly prolonged, so as to reach beyond the apex of the first antennal joint ; the antenna) form the most remarkable feature ; the first joint is moderately
426
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
stout, and does not attain the extremity of the head, but this is only on account of the great prolongation of the same ; the second joint is of extra- ordinary lengtii, being about tw) and a half times longer than the basal joint, half as long again us the eloi;gated head, and slightly longer than the remaining joints together ; these are snbequal, and all the joints are nioder- a1 el/ slender, the last slightly incrassated if at all, and bluntly rounded at the apex. Thorax sliorter than the head and rapidly tapering, so tliat the apex is only half as long as the base. Abdomen rather stout with parallel sides. Legs unknown.
A single Sj^ecies is known.
Etirocoris infernalis. PI. 20, FiR. 16.
The whole body blackish fuscous, including the antennae ; surface of the head punctate, like the thorax ; these two parts about equal in length. Veins of the corium punctate.
Length of body, 7.25"=" ; breadth of thorax, 3.1""° ; length of antonnae, 6.3"".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 0253.
r ;
7. RHEPOCORIS gen. nov. (peTrai, uflp,?).
This is the commonest form of the Alydiuie in Florif^sant, and is a genus of the Micrelytraria, with unarmed thorax and scutellum and t.ipering tho- rax, but is remarkable for its spinous hind tibia?, as well as for the characteris- tics of the antenna', by which it Is clearly separated from any modern t}pcs. The head is well rounded, of" about equal length and breadth as viewed from above. The antennaj liave a stout basal joint not half so long as the head, the three succeeding joints snbequal, slender, the last gently incrassated and fusiform, corresponding in this respect with the bulk of fossil Alydina;. The thorax is trapezoiclal, perhaps a little longer than broad, and tapers with .straight sides, not in the least full, to the head, forming a slight collar. The legs are moderately stout, the hind femora considerably longer than the otVio-."* and scarcely stouter, the liind tibiaj delicately but profusely spined throughout.
Five species occur at Florissant,
HEMirTERA— HETEBOPTERA— COEEIDJE. 427
Tabh of the tptoUt of Khepooorii.
Head longer than broad ; hind legs long and slender.
LargorandHtoiitor Hpooies, more than 8">"> long; thorax shorter than thd head ....1. B, praetectui,
"^inialler and sluiidoror species, less than 8""" long; thoras as long as the head 'i. R, »iar'"iioen«.
Head broader than long ; bind legs less long,
Largest species, usually about H™™ long it. B. prn'ralenn.
Medium sized species, usually about (>■""< long 4. R.propinquam.
Smallest species, usually about 4. 5°>" long 5. i^ minima.
1. RhEPOCORIS PR.ETECTU8.
Head one-fourth longer than broad, hardly constricted behind the eyes ; surface rather coarsely granulate with a tendency to a transverse arrange- ment. The thorax considerably shorter tlian the head and broader than long, the apical margin more than three-fourths as long as the basal margin ; the surface coarsely granulate. Hind legs exceptionally long, the femora being nearly half as long as the body.
Length of body, 6 6"""; breadth of thorax, 1.4"""; length of hind femora, 3.2""°.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 9756, 10645.
2. Rhepocoris MACRESCENS.
Head subpentogonal, broadest in advance of the middle except for the eyes, from this point v'apering gently backward; the front triangular, rounded ; surface rather finely granulate, the antennte scarroly more tliaii half as long as the body. Thorax as long as tho head and slightly broader than long, tapering regularly from base to ape:^ the apical margin being about two- thirds as long as the basal margin ; the surface finely granulate in front, coarsely behind. Whole body blackish, hemelytra blackish fuscous, the membrane infumated with a large triangular pallid imtch at the apex of the coriuni. Legs blackish fuliginous. The hind femora less than half as long as the body.
Length of body, 8.5"'° ; breadth of thorax, 2.5"'"' ; length of hind femora, 3.4'="'.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 2158.
3. Rhepocoris utiEVALENs.
PI. 25, IMgs. 4, 6, 7, a, 10, 11, 14, 16; PI. 2C, Pig. 11.
Head rounded, scarcely longer than broad, uniformly and rather finely granulate, tho granulations on the under surface of the head showing a tend-
428
TERTIARY INSECTS OV NORT! AMERICA.
ency to a transverse arrangement into corrugations. Antennie more than lialf as long as tlie body, slender, and pale, the whole body being black or blackish fuscous. Thorax trapezoidal, broader than long, as long as the head, tapering regularly and considerably in front, the apical margin being about three-fourths the length of the base ; surface coarsely granulate. Hemelytra with the corium and clavus blackish fuliginous, the former just before the middle with a largo triangular pallid spot on the costal margin sending from ■ its apex a curved pallid shoot to the niembranal margin ; membrane pale fuliginous with a large trapezoidal pallid spot next the apex of the corium on the co.stal margin ; veins marked in fuscous. Legs dark fuliginous, the hind pair very slender, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the hind tibia) delicately and profusely spinous.
Length, G.5-8.5""" ; average about S"".
T\m is the commonest of the heteropterous insects of Florissant.
Florissant. About one hundred and fifty specimens, of which some of the best are Nos. 2431, 3257, .5069, 7102, 8374, 9045, 9170, 11211, 11217, 12081, 12087, and of the Princeton collection, 1.335 and 1.712.
4. Rhepocobis propinquans.
PI. 25, Fig. 1; PI. 26, Fig. 13.
In studying the species of I^'">i)ocoris I discovered that they were naturally subdivided into three grou])s according to their size, and that it was not often that there was any doubt into which of the three groups any given individual would fall. I Iiave accordingly separated the present sjjecies from those on either side of it, though I can give no characters at all except those of size. In a few instances there may be doubt into which of the two species, this and the preceding, any given individual may fall, inasmuch as the range of form comes close together, and it may be that these two .should be considered as one and the same species. IJut I have thought it be.st under the circumstances, juid in the hope of being able by more careful study to separate the forms on other characteristics than that of mere size, to keej) the two apart, at least provisionally. In each of these two forms the individuals may be separated as slenderer and stouter, which I regard as probably the two sexes, as they secjm to differ in no other constant char- acter that can be seen in their state of preservation.
HEMIPTBEA— HETEBOrTEEA— COREIDiB.
429
In the present species the length varies from 5.5 to 6.5""", the average being about 6""'.
Florissant. About eighty specimens, of which some of the best pre- served are Nos. 5002, 6652, 6980, 8467, 9276, 9585, 10033, 10263, 11015,
11212, 13307.
5. Rhepocoris minima.
See tho proceeding species for some remarks on this. This small spe- cies appears to be also relatively rather stouter than the others, but other- wise it can hardly be said to differ in any characters which may be seized upon. It does not appear, however, that the hemelytra are so distinctly marked as appears to bo ordinarily the case in tho others, and this, when better specimens are found, may serve more readily to distinguish it from them.
Length, 4.5-5.5"'" ; the breadth can not bo readily given as all the specimens are preserved upon their side.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3854, 6029, 11755, 11763.
8. ORTIIRIOCORISA gen. nov. {opdpio?, nopt?).
An elegant genus of Microlytraria, not far removed from Darmistus Stal and apparently near Acostra Dall, from which it differs totally in tho form of tho front of tho head. It is long and slender in form. Head well rounded, a little elongate, the front scarcely produced in advance of the antennae, rounded, or perhaps a little angulate ; eyes moderately small, seated in the middle of the sides of the head ; antenna3 very long and slender, the first nuich longer than the head, nearly or (piite as long as the thorax, slender on tho basal half, gently incrassato and subfuslform on the apical half; the second and third joints are exceedingly slender, tlio third as long as the first and slightly enlarged at the extreme truncate tip, the second a little shorter; unfortunately tho fourth joint is not preserved; if as long as the third joint tho whole would bo still considerably shorter than the body and a little shorter than the hind femora and tibijxi together. Thoi'ax considerably longer than the head, tapering toward the apex with no lateral spines. Legs long and very slender, tho hind femora scarcely incrassated and both they and the tibiiu totally unarmed, the femora longer than the tibia% the latter about as h»ng as head and thorax together; the length of the first tarsal joint about ocjuals that of the other two together. A single species is known.
480
TEltTlAUY INSECTS OP NOETH AMERICA.
i!
Obtiibiocorisa lonoipes. PI. 26, Fig. 1.
A single remarkably well preserved specimen lies upon its side on a very fragile sheet of shale. The general color is a dark, sometimes, and especially on the less solid parts, a light, testaceous. The head seems to be smooth except for here and there a small granule ; the rostrum shows only the central black needle which reaches the mesostethium. The thorax is rather heavily and pretty closely punctate, and the corium of the hemelytra similarly punctate in serial rows along the course of the veins. The state of preservation is poorer posteriorly, so that the length of the abdomen can not be accurately told, but it appears to extend beyond the reach of the hind femora.
Length of body (partly estimated), 11°"" ; basal joint of antenna;, 2""°; hind femora, 4.75""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 8604.
■I ,i
I
Subfamily PSEUnOPHI.CEINA StSl.
This rather limited subfamily is much better developed in the Old than the New World. In the United States but a couple of genera occur, each with a single species, and, in the Biologia Centrali Americana, Distant records but three genera, each witii a single species. Yet, although never detected in the European rocks, Florissant yields an extinct genus allied to one found in Central America, and it is well represented there, as will be seen immediately below.
HEEKIA gen. nov.
Allied to Arenocoris but with second and third antennal joints subequal. Of our native forms it approaches nearest to Scolopocerus Uhl., if the Mex- ican species descril)ed by Distant lie included therein, but the structure of the antenna' again is different. The body is of a more or less oval shape, the l)ro'>der end posterior. Head n)oderately small, rounded, of abotit ecpial length and breadth, the front between the antenna' never greatly, si>nu'times scarcely, advanced ; antenna; not more than half as long as the body, the basal joiflt stout, cylindrical, about as long as the head, the second and third joints subequal, long, slender, and sometimes,
IJEMIPTEllA— HETEROPTERA -COBEIDJ!}. 431
especially the third, enlarging apically where truncate ; last joint long oval, scarcely moio than one-third as long as the third, nearly or quite as stout as the basal. Thorax trapezoidal, the apical margin of the breadth of the head, the basal fully half as broad again, the sides more or less rounded. Henielytra large, covering the abdomen, except possibly the sides in the broadest species, tlie corium reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. All the species have heavily granulate thorax, tlie last joint of the antennae more or less granulate, and the corium of hemelytra coarsely punctate.
The genus is named in memory of Oswald Heer, of Switzerland, the principal student of fossil insects in the last generation.
Three species are known, all from Florissant.
To We of the $pecies of Ileeria,
Huad broadly rounded between the antennie.
Body ample, much lens than twice m long tts broad 1. ff. gulosa.
Body loss ample, twice as long as bruad 2. H, lapidosa.
Head angularly produced between the autennai 3. H.fceda.
1. Heeria gulosa. PL 27, Figs. 5, 12, 18 ; PI. 28, Fig. 17.
Whole body tole!~' ly uniforni blackish fuscous, the lateral incisures of the abdomen paler. Head, whole of first, apical extremity of second and third, and basal two-thirds of fourth joint of antennae finely granulate, these parts in the antennae blackish, the other parts of the middle joints of the antennas pale testaceous and faintly granulate, the apical third of the fourth joint smooth and blackish fuliginous ; front of head between the antennae broadly rounded, scarcely advanced, not at all ungulate. Thorax heavily gramilatc, aliiiost twice as broad on the basal as on the apical margin, and fully twice as broad as long. Hemelytra with the corium heavily and irregularly punctate. Abdomen broad and full, about half as broad again as the base of the thorax.
Length of body, 9.15'"'"; antenna), 4.8"""; breadth of base of thorax, 3.3.')""" ; middle of abdomen, 5'"".
Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 789, 1977, 4269, 6151, 11773, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.560 and 1.802, 1.831.
Ml
432 TERTIAltY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEKICA.
2. IIeekia lapiuosa. n. 27, Figs. 3, 19.
In color this species entirely resembles the preceding both as to body and antennaj. The head and first joint of antenna; are here as coarsely granulate as the thorax, while the other joints of the antenna; resemble those of the last species ; the front of the head is as there. The thorax is perhaps a trifle longer than in II. gulosa and has straighter sides, but other- wise does not differ. The hemelytra are similarly punctate. The main difference is to be found in the abdomen, which, though full, is not nearly so full as ii: the preceding species, the breadth being scarcely half the length of the body.
Length of body, 8.5""" ; antenna;, 4.5""" ; breadth at base of thorax, 3.25""" ; at middle of abdomen, 4""".
Florissant. Eleven specimens, Nos. 1648, 1884, 3767, 4617, 5703,
5!)65, 804!), 12241, 14179 and 14197, and of the Princeton Collection,
1.804, 1.817.
3. Heeria fceda.
In color like the other spocies. Head scarcely granulate, the front between the antonnju advanced angularly by half the lengtli of the first antennal joint to less than a right angle, the angle rounded. Antennie throughout slenderer than in the other species, and shorter, scarcely in the least granulate anywhere. Thorax coar.sely granulate, the base a third longer tiian the apex, less than twice as broad as long. Hemelytra rather distantly punctate. Abdomen much as in II. lapidosa.
Length of body, 8""" ; antenuic, 3.25'"™ ; breadth at base of thorax, 2.7""" ; at middle of abdomen, 4"'"'.
Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3097, 7874, 7974. '
Subfamily CORIZIDA M:iyr.
A few fossil forms have l^een refer id to this group, not very abundant in species at the present day. Tiio most prolific gemis in either Old or New World is Corizu.s, to which all the four species from the American Tertiaries descrilted below are referred. Tiie only described European form is one from Oeiiiiigen referred by Heer to an extinct genus, Ilarmos- tites ; Corizus, however, is said to occur at Aix, but, as I shall point out below, its reference hero is doubtful.
i
HEMIPTERA— HETEROrTERA— COREID^. 433
CORIZUS Fallt^n.
Two fossil species liavo already been referred to this genus, both from Aix. One, liowever, as shown by Heer, belongs rather with Pachynierua, and the other is merely indicated as being half the size of Therapha hyoscyanii of Europe. In America the genus is best developed within the tropics, but has abundant representatives in the United States. Three of the Florissant Heteroptera appear to fall within its limits, and a Green I4lver species, which I formerly took for a Reduvius, appears also to belong here.
Table of the apeolet of Corizus,
Without an iuterriipted serien of lateral HpotH.
.SiiialU'i' formH, not exccediuj; tivu niillinietor8 in lenKtli 1. C. celaUis.
Larger forms, exceeding six iiiiliinieterH in length.
Body relatively Htont, altoit tliree tiineH as long as bioud 2. C. ahdilirun.
Body relatively slender, nearly fonr times its long an broud 3. C. somiiiiniiii.
An interrupted series of lateral spots 4. C. gtitlaliis.
1. COKIZU.S CKLATUS.
PI. 27, Fiff. 15.
Head a little broader than long, with the eyes a little broader than the apex of the thorax, subtriangular, the front angularly produced between the antenna', the basal joint of which seems barely to surpass the apex of the front ; the remaining joints slen:^^r. Thorax half as broad again as long, tapering forward with slightly ampliated sides, the front margin gently and broadly emarginate, scarcely more than half as long as the base, the surface densely and sharply ])unctate, and a faiiit sign of ji median sulcation. Corium of hemelytra reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, clear excepting along the finely punctate principal veins and near the outer apex, which is wholly clouded. Abdomen dark, with broad premarginal pale lateral l)ands.
Length, 5"'™ • breadth of thorax, 1.9""".
Florissant. Three specimens, No.s. I9r)2, (5369. 14205.
2. CoRIZUS ABDITIVUS. PI. 25, Fig;. 5 ; PI. 26, Fig. 4.
Body relatively stout, about three times as long as broad, the head rounded, hardly subtriangular, considerably broader than the apex of the thorax, the front roundly i)roduced between the antennre, the basal joint of
VOL XIII 28
•
434
TEUTrARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
which consitlerahly surpnsseH the apex of tlio front ; the second and third joints of untenniv of equal diameter and very slender, the last joint a little incrnssate<l ; surface of head densely and finely punctate. Thorax trape- zoidal, narrowing rapidly, punctate like the head. Ileniolytra more coarsely punr-tate along the veins of the corium, which reaches barely beyond the middle of the abdomen and is infuscated, while the membrane is nearly clear. Abdomen oval, the sides sliglitly am})liated. The figure on Plate 26 poorly rej)resents the species.
Length, l.S"""; antenna-, 4.1"""; breadth of thorax, 2"""; abdome*, 2.65"'"'.
Florissant, Four specimens, Nos. 3247, .')7ir), 8544, 14207.
3. CORIZITS SOMNURNUS.
Body very slender, being nearly four times as long as broad, the sides parallel. Head rounded, subtri.angnlar, scarcely broader than the apex of the thorax, fully as long as broad, the surface punctate. The antennte very long and slender, the first joint clearly surpas.sing the apex of the front. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, tapering gentJy, with scarceh ampliated sides, the front margin broadly, roundly, and deeply einarginate, the apex fully two-thirds as long as the base ; surface punctate. Hemolytra as in the jjreceding species, but the membrane distinctly infu- mated. Legs long and slender, the hind femora with a very slight posterior fringe of minute short denticulations, on which account one would be inclined to place it in Harmostes, l)ut the denticulations do not take on the form of spines, but are more like serrations.
Length, including the closed hemelytra, ,'>..')""" ; antenna-, 4"'"'; hind femora, 2.4"""; breadth of body, LS"".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 14193.
4. CoKIZUa (JUTTATUS.
PI. 7, FiR. 11.
iferfuriiM? giiltntim Scmld., Bull. \'. S. G«ol. Ceoni. .Siirv. T.Ti., IV, T71 (1878).
Two specimens of this species have been found, one with reverse, by Mr. Richardson, the other by myself. Mr. Richardson's specimen is very ol)scnre and distorted, and without the aid of the other could not have been determined. The in.sect probably belongs to Oorizus, or at all events falls in its inunediate vicinity. All parts are rather obsciure, but the head evi-
IlKMIPTKKA— HBTKROPTEBA— PENTATOMII);i5.
435
(lently tapers iiiid is roundly pointed in front, tlie tliorax narrows gently from behind forward, and is nearly as long as hroad ; the Hcutollum is rather small, triangular, the apex bent at a right angle and rounded. The abdomen is ovate, twice as long as broud. The species is marked with round, dark s[)ot8, about 0.2""" in diameter, on either side, one at ..e outer edge of the front of each abdominal segment, and one in the middle of either transverse half of the thoici:', a little removed from the outer border; the anterior ones half-way between the border and the middle line. The whole surface a])pears to hv very minutely granulated. The tegmina can not be seen.
Length of body, r)!)""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.4"'"'; of abdomen, 1.6r)"'"'.
From its form I forn)erly referred the insect doubtfully to Reduvius, but its size alone would preclude such a reference.
Green River, \V\oniing. Two speciniens, Nos. !)" and 96* (F. C. A. Richardson), 4070 (S. 11. Scudder).
Family PENTATOMIDyE Stephens.
This family has always held the first j)lace among Ileteroptera in Ter- tiary deposits, l)ut with the publication of this volume its place is disputed by the Lygii'ida'. This is due not oidy, though jjrincipally, to the excep- tional abundance of the Lygieida' at Florissant, but also to the rather meager l)roportion of the Pentatomida, as will appear below. In European deposits only a single species is known from amber, while fifty have been exhumed from the i*ock deposits. They represent onl}- four of the nine subfamilies, and the great majoritA' belong to the two subfamilies Cydnida and Penta- tomida, the former with sixteen species referred to four genera, the latter with twenty-five species referred to six genera The other subfamilies rep- resented are the Scutellerina with five species of two genera, Pachycoris and Tetyra, both at Oeningen, and the Acanthosomina with four species of two genera, Acanthosoma and Phla'ocoris, both at liadoboj. Besides these a Pentatoma is reported from Greenland and a Cydnus from New South Wales. The American forms here brought to notice represent only the sub- families Cydnida and Pentatomida, but in reverse jjroportion to what appears in FiUrope, the Cydnida l»eing very well represented by twenty-four species of six genera, nearly all of them by a number of individuals, and one by a great niany, the Pentatoniida on the contrary by only thirteen species of
430
TRirriAiiY iNHK(rrH of noutii amkrica.
ten jfoiiom, 1111(1 of oiicli of tlicso HpocioH uumi than ii siiii>l»( (•xiiiii|)l«« lias rnroly boon found. Wliilo tlioroforo tlio prevalent. Hnl»familios arc tlio Hanio n»i *l|.. ti'-,, fontinonts, one has soiircely hiilf as many reprosontativeH in Anierioft as in Knropo, while the other hiis half as many more.
A very strikin;,'' pcH-iiliarity is found in the Amerionn IVntatonjidio as n whole, whether Cydnitla or 1 Vntatomida. In livin;;' forms the vast majority have u lonj; scutelhnn n^nohiiiff heyond tho middle of th(! abdomen, ami liavp the tip produced, formin;^ a parallel-sided apical l(il)u. In tho Ameri- can Tertiary forms, .so far as yet known, with only a sinfjle exception, no Huch apical lobt* exists, but the Hcutellum ends with an anjjfular apex, some- times a little roiniiled, Imt the sides perfectly straijjht and confluent at least in the apical half: besides which, or perhaps partly as a consetpionce, the scntellum does not roach farther than, sometiinos does not attain, the middle of the abdomen. It lias soomod necessary thorefon^o establish a consid- erable numl)or of new jfoneric <jroups to emltraco tlicse remarkalde forms. To jiid;?o from tho illustrations <riven by lleor the same thin;^ would seem to bo true of at least a few of tin; Knropoan Tertiary I'ontatomida, espo- ciallv of those from Riidoboj, and it would bo very desirable to institute direct comjjarisons between specimens from the two continents.
In ourfjoneral remarks in tho introduction to tluf Ileteroptera we called attention to tlie close relation which existed between tho proporti(»nal a^Mni<lanc(? (in the number of specific forms) of the four ])rincipal families of Ileteroptera in Tertiary times, and tlie same in the existin<jf fainia of the selfsame rejj;ion A furtlier illustration, l)Ut even more exafi'^rorated, appears bv usinjr the same jjuidos in comparin''' the relative nmnbersof the( 'vdnida and I'ontatomida, the oidy two subfamilies of Pentatomidie known to exist in our Tertiarv deposits and so capable of comparison. In Disfant's work the Cydnida number about one-sixth of the total nitinber of Cydnida and Pentatomida ; in IJhIor's f^oiieral list, one-seventh; in his western list, ono- fourtli ; the iiicreasinj^ number thus shown in the region where the fo.ssils occur is vastly exa^'j^erated in their relative representation in tho n^jks, this beinfjf two-thirds the whole.
Sublivmily CYDNIDA Stal.
Tiiis siiljt'amily is well represented in the European Tertiaries. and is indicated as occurring al.so in th(! Australian Tertiaries. All of th Euro- pean species are from \\w rocks (none from anil)er), and most have been
IlKMll'THUA— IlKTHUOPTEUA— l'KNTATl)Mll)J5. 487
rofc'iTod to two (listiiuit ^roimru, Cytlnoprtia with olovoii M]wci('rt from ( Joiiin- gim, Itailoltoj, iiiid Aix, mid Noiirocoris witli two tVoin liiidtd)oj. (JydmiH Ih i'opr(!si'iitn(l l)y ii npurio.s at Ooniii^^mi and aiiothor at Aix, and Hracliy- pulta one at Krottinini'o. Noitlior of those extinct j^enoric typos occurs in our Tortiarios, wlioro this suht'aniily is tar more prolific than in Kuropo and far Hur|mHst>s the IVntatoniida. Witli tho exception of a (•(tni)le of forms, represented each by a sinjjfhf spociiiien, and whicii are referred to modem types, (Jyrtomonus and Discostoma, all tiu' others are remarliahlefor ditfer- iii}^ apparently from nearly all livinf>' types and also from the known fossils in the short and accurately trianj^nlar scutellum, a<^reeinji^ in this respect with the Florissant Peiitatomida, and, as there, necessitating the establishment of several new •^•eneric {groups. Those, however, are more prolific in species, and tho species in individuals, than is tho case with the Pontatomida.
Table of the ijeniru of Cydiiida.
Hody 1«HM than 10 niilliiii«t«rH luii);.
Soulolliiiii IriiviiKuliir, not proiliici^d at tlio apox, an broad as Ion;.
Head (U'cply Niink in llin tlioiux, llu'iirptli of tboeinaiginutioii of the thorax onibraoingitboing nuarly or i|iiit(i half Uh width,
Itudy nioru than twico as lon^ uh broad 1, Sleiidiiillii.
Hody less tlian twicr lis U>;ij; as broad '<J. I'rociiiliiiiH,
Iluud snnk bnt littlii in tlio thorax, ahnost wholly free.
AntiM'iiir lati'ial .'in<;les of tlii^ thorax ronuik'd, so that the head projootit bitt little beyond
till' KfOcral mrvu of the. body U. Xi'i'voriiilniiH,
Autcricii' lali'ial angles of thu thorax prominent, the head out of direct relation to theunrve
of till' body 4. Tlilihomciiua.
Sciltelhuii iirodnci'd into a l<d)» at apex, distiuotly lonjfi-r than broad Ti. CiirlomriuiH.
Hody more than l'> millirni'turs liiii); (>, lH»vuHlomu.
1. STKXOPELTA gon. nov. {ari-y<'<;, TrtXri}).
Body more than twice as lonjf as broad, the sides nearl}' j)arallel, with broadly rounded ends, the anterior curve broken by the head, one-half of whicli is advaiic'd beyond its outline, the other half sunken in the thorax, whicli is deeply emiU';;in:ite to receive it; tho eyes, which are moderatelv laroe, glol)uliU-, and central, are thus brouj^ht to the ciljre of the thorax ; in front of tho eyes the liead is rouiuled with a slijrjit an^jfulation, the whole nearly circular; tlie ocidli are lar<ife and situated behind and within the eyes. Thorax sul)ipiiulranij^idiir, alxnit twice as broad as \o\\\f, the anterior lateral anj^fles prominent l)ut rounded, the basal margin truncate. Scutellum moderate, triang'ular, with perfectly straij>lit sides, nearly half as broad a.<>ain as louj^, reaching' less tliaii a third way to the tip of the abdomen.
(.!':
438
TKKTIAUY INSKCTS OK NOKTII AMKUI(5A.
A Hin;^Iu sju'ciuM is known, from (Jreoii Kivor, foniicrly rcferrod to vEtlaia
StKNoPELTA I'lmCTIILATA.
PI. 7, Kij,'H. IJ, 13.
.Elhim puitvluliiluii 80111I1I., Hull, ir, S. (lenl, ()»o)!r. Siirv. IVrr., IV, 7(l'J-770 (1878).
I repeat lioru tlio original deMcription, although it containH luuny generic details :
Body ot' nearly e(|iial hreadtii throughout, the sides of the abihtnieii a little fuller, llcud roiuided, sinall, the part behind the eyes rounded, as deep as the portion in front of them ; front as seen from above, well rounded, well advanced, sul)angulato ; eyes moderately large; ocelli large, situated close to, a little i)eliind, and within the eyes, and about one-third their diameter; surface of head minutely and obscurely granulate, 'i'honix nearly etpud, slightly broadening posteriorly, the anterior angles well rounded, the front Ixtrder very deeply and roundly excised, the hind border nearly straight ; the whole fully twice as bri»ad as the head and twice as broad as long. Scutellum obscure, l»ut apparently of about etpial length and breadth, and regularly triangular. Alxlomen well rounded, half as long again as broad. Tegmina obscure or l(»st in all the specimens seen. Thorax and scntoliuin minutely granulate, like the head. Posterior half, at least, of the ab(h>inen profusely covered with shallow punctm'e.s.
Length of body, lUr)""" ; of head, 0.(1"""; of middle o. diorax, 0.7.0"""; breadth of head, O.S""" ; (.f thorax, 1.7"""; of abdomen, 1.H5""".
Green River, Wyoming. Five s|)ecim(ms, Nos. lit'', (>7'', 74", 172 (F. C. A. Richard.son), 419;J (S. H. Scudder).
2. I'KOCVDNII.S gen nov. (t/ui*, Cydnus, mun. gen.).
liody less than twice as long as broad, ovate, with extremities more or less tapering, especially in front, by the more rapid narrowing of the thorax, the head sometimes completely sunken in the thorax, at other times half projecting beyond the anterior curve of the body; it is always broader than long, though somc^times nearly circular; the eyes an; moderately large, not very prominent, subcentral, the ocelli large and .sitmited well behind the prodiiceil anterior curve of the thorax in the deep emargination for the reception of tlie head. Thorax siibtrape/.oidal, more than twice, .sometimes thric(!, its miildlc length, truii(',;it() at base, the sides more or less
1 1 li.M I I'TKH A-II KTKKOI'TIOKA— I'KNTATOM I DM.
489
obli(|uo, iiiid urcuatc, flu^ fruiit liitoriil iiii^htH jilwayH rniiiulud, HometiniOH bo nmcli iiH to (liMiippciir. Sciitollum iiMimlly hiiiiiII, iiovor laiffo, triaiijifulur, with Htmij^lit sidt'H, of viuyinjf |no|)oitioiiH l)ut uevvv l»»iijfei tlian broad, rt'acliiiij,' fidiii Ic'HH tliaii a third to oiio-haU" way to tho tip of tlio abdomen. A hirgo iiumbur of spccioH occur in our Western Tertiaries, uU found at FloriHwnit and one also at (Jreen River.
Tiihlr 11/ the •/Jtft'iri 0/ I'roci/ilHilf.
Ant(Brior linirurtlinrux iiiiir<iriiily iIu|)|'«nh«<I.
Head m siiiikuii in ihi< |irotlii)rux tliul ItH fruiit iimrgiii furma a regular curve with tliat of tlie
t'""'!"' 1, r.iiroHiii.
Head Retivibl; |iroJu«tiii)( lieyoml front linn ofbcMly.
Head only a fonrtli tbo width of tho thorax a. /', (levkluf,
llttHd nini'h loiui tliun half tho width of thu abdomeD, at least a third tho width of the thurux. Thorax Ncurci-l.Y more than twice a» broad ai itH middle KMigth.
Larger HpeciuH; oniargiuatlou of apical niargiu of thoriix relatively ahallow.
:i. /*. lUvftHK,
Smaller speciea; eiuargiiiatlou of apical niargiu of thorax relutivuly deep and abrupt.
4, /'. qitUlui, Thorax nearly or (|ulte threo tinieH an broad us its middle length.
I.urgor species; head more than one-third as wide as the body 5. /*. r«(l</MM»,
Smaller species; bond less than one third us wide us the body 0. /', ivn/xnu.
Head half the width of the abdomen 7. /■, ealonl.
Anterior half of thorax with lateral bosses 8, /'. iiiamlllitHiii,
1. 1*KOOVDNU8 PKONU8. ri. 28, Fig. 5.
Head rounded, broader than long, deeply sunken in the' tliorax, its broad anterior curve almost continuous with the rounded sloping lateral angles of the thorax, the eyes small and in advance of the middle. Thorax shaped much as in P. devictus, but with a broad and especially deep, rounded, almost angular einargination to receive the head, about a third the width of the thorax ; its basal margin is not indicated on the plate, but siiould unite the extreme bases of the hemelytra in a straight line ; the sur- face shows excessively shallow crowded punctuation. Scutellum very large, triangular, reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen, broader than long. Hemelytra with the corium occupying the basal three-fifths, uni- formly coriaceous, with punctuation like the thorax, and an excessively delicate impros.sed submarginal line. Hind tibijc densely spined. Abdomen very broad and full, siuircely longer than broad. Whole body black, the corium of the hemelytra hardly less dark.
Length of body, 5"""; breadth, 3.1""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 14426.
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440
TERTiAKY INSECTS OF NURTII AMERICA.
2. Pkocydnus devictus.
PI. 28, Fig. 4.
Head minute, siibcircular, hiirdly a fourtli as wide as the thorax, its posterior third sunken in the thorax, which is here narrowly hut ratlier deeply eniarjjfinate to receive it. Thorax scarcely twice as broad as lonj'', taperin«f from the base and with the sides strongly arcuate, so that the wiiole is nearly semicircular but for the narrow rouiuled emargination (not shown on the plate) for the head ; basal margin ti'uncate or scarcely (!oii- ver ; surface perfectly smooth and I'egular, with an anterior, transverse, arcuate, impressed line opening forward, half as broad as and one third the depth of the lliorax. Scutellum large, triangular, smooth, the base fully three-fourths the widtii of the thorax, nearly three-fourths as long as broad, and reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Ilemelytra with the corium reaching half-way to the ti}), uniforndy (M)riaceous, testaceous, vvitli faint and sliallow e(|uidistan( ami rather dis.'ant punc^jw. Hind tibia; densely si)inv. Abdtunen very broad and full, <^f nearly ^cpial length and breadth.
Length of bod v, o""" ; breactii. i5.l"'"\
Florissant. One specimen, Nt). 11225.
;{. PROCYDNIIS DIVEXUS.
Head imperfeiiiy preserved in both the specimens at hand. Thorax shaped m'K-h as in the species which have preceded this, twice as long as its middle length, with a ver\- deep rounded emarginatioii in front, less than a third the width of the thorax aiul three times as broad as deep, the lobes beside it well advanced, the surface finely and closely but not very deeply , unc'.ate. Scutellum with similar scidpture, rhe apex scarcely less than rectangular, tiie base about two-thirds as wide as the thorax. IIem(;lytra havnig the similarly punctate corium occupying fully the basal three-fifths, the full and well rounded abdomen of etpial length and breadth and punc- tate. Hind tibia- very slender and rather feebly spined. Whole body unifonnly blackish r)rown.
Length, 4.7""" ; breadth. 3""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2132, l.'}154.
IIEMIPTEUA— HETEltOPrEKA— PENTATOMIDJi.
441
4. PkOCVDNUS (QUIETUS.
Head neiirly one-half as broad as lue tliorax, well rounded, half as broad agahi as lou;^. Thorax siibtrapezoidal, tapering from the base at first sliglitly, afterwards a little more rapidly, so that the sides are a little arcuate, and the rounded anterior lateral lol)es rather prominent from the deep almost angular emurgination of the front, which is hardly more than a tliir -. tli-i width of thorax, and only a little more than twice as broad as deep; i 'ifaoc apparently smooth, punctate along the lateral margin. Scutellum no'iHv two-thirds as broad as the thorax, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdoniei;, the apex nearly rectangular, the surface punctate, somewhat shorter than broad, llemelytra with the coriaceous corium hardly occupy- ing more than half the wing, serially punctate, of a testaceous color, the membrane faintly infuniated. Tibi.. densely spiny. Abdomen full, broadly rounded, a little longer than broad.
Length, 4.1-:.5"""; breadth, 2.4-2.6"'"'.
Florissant, Eiglit specimens, Nos. 20G(), (iSTi, 7652, 10092, 10174, 10531, 12771, 14186.
5. Pkocydnus keliquus.
riead rounded, broader than long, nearly half as broad as the thorax. Thorax nearly three times as broad as its middle length, tapering from the base, the sides considerably arcuate, with scarcely any sign of an an«^^rior lateral shoulder, the emargination of the anterit)r border half as broad as tlie base of the thorax, shallow and uniform, followed by a median arcuate sulcation half a« broad as tie emargination and e([ually deep; the surface is ;i|)parei)tly ifaitc smooth, but there are signs of punctuation at the extreme lateral margins. Korw of the scutellum not evident, but apparently exactly as in the last .s]><'^'ies. I'orium of hemelytra reaching considerably beyond the middle Abdomen futi but ccnisiderably longer than broad. Whole bod\- uniformly daKi<. the c(^rium of hemelytra dark testaceous.
Length, 5.')""" ; breadth. .1""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 434.
442
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
6. PrOCYUNI'S VESPERU8. PI. 28, Fig. 15.
Head tolerably large, rounded, broader than long, together with the projecting eyes more than a third the width of tlie thoiax. Thorax almost or quite three times as broad as the middle length, the shape very much as in tl>e preceding species, with an equally broad but much deeper emargina- tion of the front, the surface very finely, faintly, and densely punctate. Scutellum less than two-thirds as broad as the thorax, considerably broader tlian long, the pointed angulate apex extending less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra witl. a rather short puuctate corium. Tibi.T heavily spined. Abdomen full nad broadly rounded, scarcely longer than broad. Color of body blackisli brown, the hemelytra with the corium blackish fuliginous, the membrane faintly infumated.
Length, 4..'>""' ; breadth, 2 Oh.""".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 70, 14.'), 246 4. .5612.
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7. Pkocydm'.s katoni.
A poorly preserved specimen represents this speci«ak, remarkable for its very large and nearly circular head, whicli Ih half as wide as the abdomen and scarcely broader than long, and is deeplv embedded in the tiiorax. The latter is shaped much as in the last two or three s|)ecies, nearly two and a half times as broad as its median lengtii, the tn»nt deeply and broadly emarginate to receive the head, the emargination very regular, consideral)ly more than half as broad as tiie tiiorax, and a third as deep as broad. Scu- tellum broad and short, the angulate apex not at all less than a rigiit angle, reaching much less tiian half-way to the tip of the aiidomen. The only signs of j)unctuation, fine and dense, are on the broadlv rounded abdomen, which is considerably longer than broad. ( )ther pturts not clear. The whole blackisli br(»wn.
Length, (1.7.5""" : breadth, ;}.(i"'"'.
Named for one of the pioneers in American geolttgy, Amos Eaton.
Florissant. One .specimen, Net. iH.Oa.
HBMIPTERA— HETEllOPTEU — PENTATOMlDiE.
443
8. Procyonus hamillanus n. 7, Pig. 19.
CydnuHt mamillanm Soiidtl., Bull. IT. S. Qool. «eogr. Siirv. T«rr., IV, 770 (1878).
Tlie body is broad and convex in front, with a rapidly tapering' abdo- men, scarcely at all rounded, even at the tip. The head, as seen from above, is nearly circular, shaped much as in Stenopelta punctulata from the same l)eds, but more broadly and regularly rounded in front, with the cen- tral lol)e broad, and defined by rather strongly impressed furrows ; the • '-•lii are large, situated just behind the anterior extension of the thoracic lokies ; the surface of the head is rugulose. Thorax more than twice as broad as the head, and more than half as long again ; the sides rounded, being broadest at the posterior border, narrowing in front and roundly excised at the anterior angles ; front border very deeply hollowed behind the head, leaving prominent front lobes on eitln^r side, nearly as large as the head "td strongly mamillate ; hind border nearly straight The sur- face is minutely granulate, besides which there is a transverse belt of rather large and distant punctures midw.'iy between the mamillations and the hind border. The scutellum is very largo, rounded-triangular, broader than long, and gcanulate like the tliorax. Corium of tegmina, which occupies their greater portion, obscurely and distantly punctulate ; abdomen trian- gular, the apex bluntly pointed.
Length of body, 4""" ; of head, 0 S"'"' ; of either lateral half of thorax, I.3.')"""; breadth of iiead, l""" : of thorax, 2.4""".
Greeii '*iver, Wy<miiug. One spetrimeii. No. .i!) (F. C. A Richardson). Florissant, CoMHtado. Two specimens, Nos. l!)2.o, 117()0.
^. NP]CRO( 'YI>yUS gen. nov. {yunpo?, Cydnus, nom. gen.).
The species of thi- have the .same oval form as those of the preceding genus, and differ from rlieui in little l)ii; the relation l)etween the head and thorax, the latter verv brv>a(L and shallowly emarginate in front, and the former consecjuentlv tMnbrac^Ml l)v the tliorax to a much smaller degree. The head is roun<ied, iii«u\ - liroadtr, generally much broader, than long, the <■ VHS and ocelli a^ in F'rocydnus; it is, however, sunken to some extent in tliH thorax, and its curves and those of the sides of the thorax are such as hardly to destroy the effect of a single parabolic curve to the front end of
'I
i
444 TKRTIAUY IN8l'](rrs OV NOUTII AMKUrCA.
the Ijody. The thorax is {j^eiierall y only twice aa broad as tlie median length, but sometimes consicUirably more than tliat, tapering in a very variabh; degree, sometinioa rapidly and regularly, but always with a rounded curve, s(»nietiines so sIdwIv as to leave the lateral angles of the front very prom- inent, and -iiaking the thorax here twice as wide as the head ; the basal margii! is trui'.'vute. Scutelluni rather large and especially I)road, triangular, with straight sides, always shorter than broad, and yet generally reaching nearly half-way to the tip of the abdomen.
A large nunibir of species are known, as many as in the preceding geiuis, all but one, whicii comes from Green River only, being found at Florissant, one of them vnry abundantly.
Tahic of the gpecien of yevrocjidnui.
Uoily more than half as long ajfniii us broad.
Thorax t'oiisiiluralilv iiiori' lliaii twicu as Itroad as tlio inuilian lfii);th.
Hoily relatively sleiiclor; thorax tapiTiii); oi)nNi(l«ralily. tlic l>r<*;ullli at tin* bottom of the apical
fiiiargination al>oiit thri'f I'oiirtliH that of tlii> basal iiiari.'in I. .\, nit<u))ii:ii.
Hoily rrlativi'ly stout ; thorax laporiii;; but litllf, the brrailth. :in abn'^-i', about scvi'ii-rJHlits
that of the basrl i»ar);iii 'J. y. ijoaiutrnn'm.
Thorax only twiuit a.s broad as the iiu-dian liMi^th.
Thorax la ;>«riii(; consideriiiily, thi! lateral aiijjle.s „i" front n«l |ir<inijm'iit. Iload broad, n:'arly (U' (,iiite a third as broad as liam) of tliiiia\.
.Sniallcr siieclis ; inuir,.;! nation of a|iivul burtktr of tkunkx dtM*|i, half as long asfrrcatest
breadth of lliiirax H. A^. torjivim.
Larger spueifs: eiiiurj;iuati'in of :ii>ii;il liorder <it thonLX .shallow, considerably Icsa
than half as loiijj as ^.'rcalesl breadth of liioruK 4. X. tli/iiiuH.
Head relatively ininww, harillv niiue than a fourth rlw breadth of tuu lia.se id'tlie thorax,
5. -V. umjizonuii. Thorax taperini; but little, the lateral au);les of front iirniiiiueiit.
Siii.tller speeieH. hai'illy exceeding four uiillinieterH ill Icngtii. lena than taothirdsao loii);
aKaiii OH broad ; abilttiuen full and nuindud li. .V. sfiiior.
Larger species, more than livi- uiilliMieli-rN Ion;;, and about three toiirtkx an liMii;ai;ain ,'in
broad: abdouien tapcriiiL; 7. .X xn/ii/dt/iB,
Body lemt than half as lon^ again as luoad ..- f. S. hiiiIhh.
1. NK'KOCVItNt'H Vri.CANIUS.
Head rounded triangular, bniailcr than long, with the large vyes nearly half as broad as the base <tt the tliorax. Thoriix considerably moic than twice as broad as the median It-ni'lli. ■<abtrap»'Zoidal, the sid«-s tapering so that the breadtli near tli*: front (at the ImrtoiM of the apical emargination) !» about three-fourtlis that of the basal Uiiirgin, the lateral angles roumled HOmt-what. the apical emarginatimi half as broad as the thorax, and a third as deep as broad, verv regular, the -tirface uneven from tlie elevation of the sides in front to irregular ho.xses, and rather coarsely, faintly, and sparsely uunctHt*. Scutellum .huuvII, not more than half aa long as broad, regularly
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HEMII'TERA—nETEROPTEUA— PENT ATOM IDyE.
445
triangular, with straight sides, the apex scarcely reaching more than quarter way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium reaching to tlie middle of the apical half of the abdomen, only the costal edge, but that bi-oadly, coriaceous, the remainder semidiaphanous and faintly infumate like the membrane.
Length, 4.ry'""; l)readth, 2.25""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7399.
2. Neckocydnks oosiutensis. PI. 7, Fig. 22.
Mead broad, rounded, nearly twice as broad as long and with the rather large and prominenteyes fully half as broad us the thorax. Thorax more than three times as broad as the median length, subquadrangular, the sides taper- ing only a little, the anterior lateral angles well rounded, the breadth near the front (next the bottom of the apical emargination) seven-eighths that of the basal margin, the apical emargination broad and shallov^r, rather more than half as broad as the base of the thorax, and hardly a tenth as deep as broad, very regular ; surface even, but for a rapid slope close to the sides, and apparently smooth. Scutellum very large from its breadth, much shorter than broad, reaching nearly half-way to the tip of tiie abdomen. Corium of hemelytra reaching the last abdominal segment, rather coarsely and very sparsely granulate.
Length, 4.G.")""" ; l)readth, 2.5""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 13, Leslie A. Lee.
This is the only species of Necrocydnus yet found within the limits of the ancient (losiute Lake.
3. Necrocydnus torpens.
Head large, well rounded, nearly twice as l)road as long, and nearly two-fifths as broad as base of thorax ; tlie antenna' about as long as the thorax. Tlionix only twice as broad as the median length, tapering con- si(leral)ly, the lateral angles of the front not prominent, the emargination of the npiciil border liaif as long as the basal border, regular, and moderately <leep ; surfaces very iiiiuly i)unctitt(', even. Scutellum large, broader than long, the apex not extending half-way to the tip of the abdomen, lleme- lytrn with the corium .serially [)Uiictate, reaching the penultintate abdominal
446
TKUTIAKY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
sog-niont. Tibia; heavily spinod. Whole body brownisli fuscous, the coriuiii of heinelytra fusco-caataneous, the membrano scarcely infuniated.
Leng-th, .O.!""'; breadth, ;{"'"'.
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 441, 12998.
4. NeCROCYDNUS 8TYGIU8.
Head twice as broad as \ong, well rounded, two-fifths as broad as the base of the thorax, tiie eyes larjre. Thorax only twice as broad as its median length, tapering considerably, the sides very regularly arcuate, the lateral angles of front not prominent, the emarginatioii of the apical border somewhat less than half the length of the basal border, n^gular, and very shallow ; surface even, a little roughened. Scutellum scarcely more than half as wide as the thorax, almost ecjuiangular, the sides perfectly straight, reaching less than half-way to the apex of the abdomen, the surface appar- ently punctate, but obscure. Corium of hemelytra reaching the middle of the antepenultimate abdi>niinal segment, punctate, the puncta- serial only near the sutura clavi. Tibia^ heavily spined. Abdomen a little ])roduced, so that the jxisterior curve of the body is scarcely so broad as the anterior.
Length, 6"'™ ; breadth, 31)""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6(j54, 9947.
mi
5. Necuocvdnus amyzonus. PI. 28, Fig. 10.
Head rather small, rounded subtriangular, nearly or quite twice as broad as long, hardly more than a fourth as broad as the thorax. Thorax twice as broad as the niedian length, tapering considerably, with rather strongly arcuate oblicjue sides, the lateral angles of the front not prominent, the apical emargination regular, considerable, rather deep, and very broad, the surface of the thorax (nen and very finely and closely punctate. Scu- tellum nciirlv as long as broad, fully two-thirds as broad as the thorax, the apex reaching about half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the surface like the thorax. Hemelytra with the corium reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, feeblv punctate. Legs densely spined. Abdomen broadly rounded. Whole Itody uniforndy blackish fuscous, the corium of hemelytra dark cas- taneou.s, the membrane clear.
IlKMIPTEUA— UKTEUOI'TEltA— rENTATOMID.E.
447
This is the commonest fossil cydnid known in tlio " Amyzon shales."
Length, 4.25-5.1""°; breadth, 2.2-3.1""".
Florissant. Twenty-nine specimens, of which some of the best are Nos. 1919, 2100, 4565. 4G63. 4851, 7543, 9583, 1122G, 120G8, 12987, 14221, 14224.
6. Necrocydnus senior.
Head well rounded, transversely oyate, nearly a third as broad as the thorax, half as In-oad again as long. Thorax only twice as broad as the median length, tapering but little, the lateral angles of the front prominent, the apical eniargination considerably and tolerably deep, the surface appar- ently finely punctate, with two posteriorly converging shallow and faint sulcations crossing the disk longitudinally from the outer edges of the eyes backward. Scutellum moderate, more than half as broad "as the thorax, broader than long, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium punctate in serial rows, reaching the middle of the antepenultimate segment of the abdomen. Tibia? heavily spined. Ab- domen full and rounded, hardly so long as broad. Color blackish brown, the hemelytra with the corium dark testaceous, the membrane clear.
Length, 4"'"' ; breadth, 2.5™"".
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2732, 11566, 11793, 13155.
7. Necrocydnus solidatus. P). 28, Fig. 13.
A stout species, fuller in front than behind. Head transversely ovate, about twice as broad as long and about one-third as broad as the thorax. Thorax hardly twice as broad as the median length, tapering but very little, the lateral angles of front very prominent, the apical emargination very broad and otdy moderately deep ; surface even and distantly punctate. Scutellum similarly punctate, about two-thirds as broad as the thorax, broader than long, the angular apex not reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium apparently reaching the penultimate abdominal segment. Tibia; very heavily and coarsely spined. Abdomen subconical, pointed.
Length, .").(i""" ; breadth, 3""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6967, 8840.
448
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
8. Neckocydnit8 revectus.
A very broad, stout, iiiid roundi'd wpocios. Head rather Htnull, well rounded, at least half as broad agaiu as lon;^ and scarcely a fourth as wide as the thorax ; the anteiuiiv about as lonji^ as the tl: 'rax. Thorax about twice as broad as the median leufjth, with strouylv arcuaic, ^osuewhat oblique sides, which curve rapidly on the anterior half to the ends of the apical eniarjfination, which is hardly one-third as lon<»' as the l)asal margin, moderately shallow and very regular; surface even, finely, uuiforinly; and densely punctate, as is every coriaceous part of the body. Scutellum nearly lialf as broad as the thorax, considerably broader than long, the scarcely less tlian rectangular apex not extending half-way to the apex of the abdomen. Hemelytra reaching as far as the tip of the abdomen, the niembrajie small. Abdonu'U very broadly round(!<l posteriorly, soni' .vliat shorter than broad.
Length, 4.;")"""; breadth, .'$.2""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. lA-Sl, 10844.
4. TIILIHOMKNIIS gen. nov. (0A//?r;//£V(.c).
'I'his genus is even more closely allied to Necrocydiuis than tlu^ latter to I'rocvdnus, and differs from it principally in the still greater pron.'inence of the heail, which is out of direct relation to the general anterior curve of the body, the anterior emargination of the thorax being slight or even al)sent. The head is nearly circular, generally a little, but only a little, broa<ler than long, the eyes central, moderate i.i size and prominence, glob idar. the ocelli well behind them, pretty large, and as near each other as the neighboring e\e. Thorax about twice as broad as long, sulxjuadrate the sides verv variable, but the tajjcring usiudly conlined to the anterior half, or very much stronger here than posteriorly, the front margin but slitihtlv cmarmnatc, usuallv also verv broadlv rounded or sul)truncate, with a strongly arcuate anterior sidcjition termiiuiting next the sides of the head; the biisal miugin truncate. Scutellum preciscdy as in NecrocN'dmis.
The species are prettx numerous, but are known only )ty one or two examples each. They are mo.stly of the smallest size, and all come from Florissant.
Tabh of Ihr ::fienei< nf ThIiboiiiiiiiiK. ( tiiti T iiiitprior aiinlps of the tlinrax |iri)iiiiiii'tit, thf lt'n;;tli of tlm aiiiciil fnai);lii (if tli(> lliorax not H"'-"'.''' ''"*'* •'"'" •''"' of <li" liiisal.
Tliorax (ully t « ice .is lirouil asloii;; 1. /'. ycdiim.
Tlioiax scaicrly twici- iis liroail an Ion;; , 2. T. parriil.
llEMllTliUA— IIETEKOI'TKKA— IMCNTATOMllJ/K. 449
Utitci' Anterior aiigl«H nl' tliu thorax well ruiimlnil, the hIiIcr couHiilerably obliqno, ao that the apical in inucli Hlinrtur thnii the banal margin of the thorax. Head broader than lout;.
Thorax less thoii twice as broad as long it. 7'. pereuniiliit.
Tliorax more than twice an limad ns long 4. T. limoHui,
Head longer than broad 6, 7*. mai'«r.
1. 'I'lILinOMENirs PETREL'S.
Keiid moderately large, about a third aw broad as the tliorax. Tho- rax rather more than twice as broad a« long, the length of the apical not greatly less than the basal margin, since the sides do not greatly taper and the outer anterior angles are prominent: apical margin with a very gentle and very broad emargination ; the surface even and very tinely punctate. Scutellum mo(lerat(^ sharply and regularly triangular, about two-third;, as broad as the thorax, broader than long, e.Ktending much less than half-way to tiie tip t>f the abdomen. Ilemelytra with the corium hardly reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, heavily punctate in serial rows. Tibia! strongly but not very densely spined. Abdomen very full and rounded, fully as broad as long. Color black, the corium of hemelytra very dark castaneous, the membrane infiimated.
Length, 4""" ; breadth, 2.25""".
Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. b'uu, 6613.
2. Thlihomenus pakvus. PI. 19, Fig. 23.
Head small, hardly more than a fourth as wide as the large thorax. The latter scarcely twice as broad as long, with nearly straight, scarcely oblique sides and prominent outer anterior angles, so that the thorax tapers l>ut little, the length of the apical being but little less thar that of the basal margin. There is a slight and short rounded emargination on the anterior border, and the surface is even and very shallowly punctate. Scutellura similarly punctate, v«ry short, not nearly reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen, and hardly more than three-fifths as broad as the thorax. Ilemelytra, with the corium. easily reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, more coarsely punctate. Abdomen very broad and rounded, not nearly so long as broad. Of a uniform, griseou> color. The parts in front
vol, xni-
•2(1
t50
TKHTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKHKA.
i I ' ■ I
of the hoad and folln\viii;jf the coriuiii of tho hoii'.elytm on the phite are for- eign to the specimen, whicli is not well ropresenttd there.
Lent'th, 3 2r>""" ; breacith, 2.25""".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 4552.
3. TuLinOMKNI'S PF.nKNN'ATrS.
Head very rej^fnlarly roniukul, con.Hiderably broader than lonjr, about a third the width of the tlmrax. Tiie latter is a little less than twice as broa<l as lon<,^ with taperinjr arcuate* sides, the t>uter anterior an^^lcs well rounded but tolerably prominent, the apical border j,'ently eniarfjfiiiate for a distance about e(|ual to a third of the base of the thora.x. Scutellnni rather small, hardly more than half as In-oad as the thorax, and shorter than broad, extendinjj not nearly hr.lf-way to the tip of the abdomen, the siu'face and that of the thorax even, with the faintest and shallowe.st possible punctua- tion, Corium t.f the henielvtra hardly reachin<( tho middle of the apical half of the abdomen, very sparsely and rather faintly puncta Abdomen broadly semiovatc, of e(pial lenjjth and breadth. Color a uniform testaceous where the pigment is not removed.
Lenjrth, 1'""' ; breadth, 2,2.'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7841.
4. Thliijomknx's limosus. VI. 28, Fiy. 12.
Head precisely as in the last species. Thorax trapezoidal, a ..ttle more than twice as broad as long, with rather rapidly tapering sides, the apical about three-fouiths the length of the basal margin, the former almost truncate, with the faintest possible arcuation throughout, the surface of the thorax even, faintly and finely rugidose. Scutellum ol.scure in the only specimens seen, but apparently large and triangular, and extending half- way to the tip of the abdomen, ('or, nn occupying about three-fifths the hemelytra, serially and distinctly punctate. Abdomen well rounded, but distinctly longer than broad Color Idackisli fuscous, the eorium of heme- lytra fu.sco-testaceous.
Length, 1.0""" ; breadth, 2.fi""'.
Florissant. Two tipecimeus, Nos. 5723, 13583.
Ki
lIKMiriKUA— IIKTKIU)l'Ti:UA— IM'-NTATOAlIO.li.
T). Tm-II«tt.\tKNr.s MACK.K.
451
Houd Hcareoly lon<ror tliun l)mii«l, 8niall, not a (|nui'toi* tho width of the thornx. Thorax sovoral times hroador than loiiff, tho sidos very obHquo, so that it f ipei'H rapidly t'opwanl and haw the t'nmt broadly rounded, with Hcarooly any si}^i» ot omar^iiiation oppoHito the liciid, the siiriacc ovon and apparently very coarsi'ly ^-raiiuhir. Sciitollmii Hiniilar. trian-^idar, more than two-tliinlH as broad as tlat thorax, tind shortor than l)road, liut ritach- inff about halt-way to tho tip of the abdomen llomolytra with tiui eoriuni rather short, coarsely and obsrurely punctatct. Abdomen well rounded, sc-arcely longer than broad. Ctilor of the body black, the corium fuHcoux, membrane infuniated.
Length. 4""" : breadth, 2.;')""".
Florivssant. ( 'no specimen, No. 24.">6.
;-.. (fVirroMlONUS Amyot, and 8erville.
This tropical American tyi)e, with four or five species, one of them found in our Southern States, occuis also so far as the imi)erfect remains can determine in the Tertiary beds at (Jreen liivcr, where onti species is found, remarkable for the yreat width of the lioad. It is the only fossil known.
CyUTOMENUM ('ONCINNU8. PI. 7, Fiff. 14. Ciirtomcniiii coiioinnut Somld., Hull. H. S. (iccil. OooKr. Siirv. I'ort iV, 7<)D (1878).
This Species is repn^sitnted by a single specimen, a little smaller than i ' niirabilia (Perty), but closely resemblin^i' it in jjeiieral form. It is broadly ovate ; the head large, prominent, well rounded, nearlj- half the eyes pro- truding beyond the margin, the ocelli nearly one-fourtli the diameter of the eyes, and situated next the hind border, very nearly half-wnv between the inner margin of the eyes and the middle line of the head Thorax twice as broad as the head exclusive of the projecting part of the eye, more than twice as broad as long, the front margin rather deeply and rcgnlarlv con- cave, the sides considerably convex, especiallx on the front iialf, i hind margin very broadly convex. Scutellum longer than the thorax, .arcely less tap(Tiiig on the apical than on the basal iialf, the apex rounded, half as broad as the base, tho whole about as long as the breadth at base. Teg-
452
TERTIAF" 1} UJCTS OF NOHTII AMKIMCA.
niina vory fniiit, Imt the coriiim appivroiitly tcniiiiinfiii^'' just hoforc the tip of the ncutelhim. Extroiiiity of tlu< nbdoiiicii very hroutlly rounded. 'I'lie whoh> Hiii-faoe of tlic h«*ad, thorax, scutelhiiii, and pi'ol)al)ly of tlie coiiuiii uiiiforiidy, very profusely, and minutely punctnliite, nthtrwisc HUiooth, excepting that there are also faint traces of a siij^lit, transverse, median (lepr(!H- uiuii, and a Himihir hm^ritudinal median depression on tiie tliorax.
Lengtii of hody, .'•.'io ': of head, 1.2'""; of thorax, 1. •{"""; of scu-
telhim, l.fJS™"' ; breadth of head. 2 ; of tliorax. .'1..')""" : diameter of eye.
0,2.')""".
tireon River. Wyominjy. One Hpceimen, No. 4l!M».
(J. DISCOS'n )MA noni. nov. (fi/aHo?, (trn^n).
This name is propo.sed for l,.obostoma Am.-8erv., preoceiipi<>d in mam- mals. Th;.' genus is composeil of oid\' two or three species found in Cen- tral America and (iuiana It has never been reiiojiiiized in a fossil state, and the specimen from Florissant is referred 4o it only tentatively until better material in at hand.
DisrosTOM.A f sp. PI. '2'2, Vit!. «l.
The ventral surface of an exceptionally Iarj;-e cydnid, showing the abdomen and a part of the legs and liitle more, is all that remains of the single specimen referred here. From its size one woidd nfifurally refer it ttt this genus or its neighbors, whicii contain the largest species of the group; and besides, the hind tibia' are furnished exteriorly, as in existing species of Discostoma. with a single line of line spimdes, the only charac- terisi* available; whether the tibia' are cylindrical or flattened can not be told. The abdomen is dark griseous, with a |)ale rounded .senncircular spot seated on the outer marg-ins of each segment, separated from its migh- bors by the darker incisures, besides which the apical margin of the first segment shows a narrow, blackish fuscous belt. liegs pale, the spines blackish: only the basal part of the hind tibia' seen.
Probable length of body, IS"""; breadth »t' abdomen. «""" : length of hind fertiora, .".""".
Florissant. One .'Specimen. No. 234.
llKMiPTKUA - llETlillOI'TUUA— I'lSNTATOMlD.*).
453
Rublamily PIINTATOM IDA Stal.
This <,'r(»ii|» is rnui ot'tlio nioHt |in»viiloiit of tlio HubfuniilieH of Ileterop- tom ill tlio Kiiri)|K)<iii Tcu'tiiincm, twuiity-Hix spocios buing found there, which hiivo Ihiou rofeirod to six fjfoiicra: .VA'm, one Hpocioa, Eurydomti, our, HuMiuToriH two, and IIidyH two, all from Ooiiinj^en, boHides I'oiita- toiuti, \vhi(;li lias boeii accredited to Kadoboj, Aix, Salzhau8cn, and amber, l)Ut especially to ()eiiiii;;'oii, wliere iiiiio HpecioH have boon recorded. Uosi(U;s these a species of Peiitntoina has boon described from Greenland.
In our Westoni Tertiaries remarkably few examples of thitt group have boon recovcM'ed, coiisideriii^r its abinidaiico in tlio Old World, but nearly every spectmeii is generically distinct from every other, for we have but thirteen wpecies, and in t»nly two instances have ilieso more than a single specimen each, yet so ditlerent are they that they must bo separated into tell genera; only one i>f these, imperfectly known by a very remarkable head, can be n^ferrod to an existing genus, for in all the scutellum is reinarkal)ly triangular and eciniaiignlar and destitute of the apical exten- sion common to living types. In tiiis, as already stated, some of tho Kuro- pean species appear to agree with them ; it should, however, be noted that tiiis agreement appears far more marked in Ileer's direct illustrations of the fossils than in his restorations of the same species. Our species all come from Florissant, with a single exception.
Tidilf of thf genera of I'enlatomida.
IntriKiciiliir piirt of hi'iiil Icnh tliiiii two unci ;i lialf tinieit ax loiiK as 1iroa<).
Api'x orNL'iilclliiiii i'(M('liiii); ilmliiii'tly Ii'nh lliaii liiili-wtiy to tlio tip uf tlio nbdomon.
Head in front of ryes i| nail rate, tlio tyiiini iinil Jnga of .similar luiigtii 1. Trltonchi'tui.
I load ill front of oyrn tapi'iin;;, tlii' lyliiiii HnipaNniii;; tlio Jiiga 'i. ThnttuacMtlui.
Apux of Ncntollniii rcacliin^' lialfvray to llio lip of tlio ubiloiui-ii. Thorax Ichh Mian three tinicH a.s liroail iih long.
Uoily rcfjiilarly ovale lliroiii^hout 3. Poleechitluii.
Uody Willi paialli'l or nearly parallel widoN.
Head nliorlir lliaii iniddlo of tlio thorax and more than half its \viilth..4. Cacotchiatiii. Heiid loiit;er than tho iniihllo of the thorax and itlightly lean than half aa wide as the
thorax 5, MaiaoichiiiluB,
Thorax llireo or uioro than threo tiiiius as broad an long.
Kody at least halt as long nj^aiii as tho width of the abdomen. Posterior lateral angles of thorax proniiiieut.
(;ides ol thorax in front of lateral proniinonces concave 6. PoUoschiitut.
Sides ol thorax in front of lateral prominences convex 7. Frntatomiteii.
Posterior lateral angles of thorax not prominent 8. TiruioMituti.
Body less than half as long again us the width of tho abdoiiieu 9. TliHinmoachiHlui.
Intraocular part of head two and a half times as loiij; as broad 10. Mecooepkala.
111
{■
iftijMinMMffiii»rii'W>imi'ftrii['?iiiiitf>iito^
"•"if"" .w..,.,.^,....,,.,.^.,..— „ ,^....;.....,.^i— ^^..^..ra.
454 TERTIARY INSKOTS OF NORTH AMEKIOA.
1. TEl.EOSrillSTUS gen. ix.v. (rf'Aco?, axioro?).
Head of moderate size, nearly lialf as broad as the thorax, and dis- tinctly broader than long, scarcely longer than the intraocular width, the portiojj in front of the eyes subquadratci, with broadly rountled front, rounded angles, tht* tyluin and jiiga of equal length. Kostruni reaching, as seen through the specimen, opposite a p«)iiit i' little I)eyond the base of the 8c;;Lelluin. The thorax is pentagonal, the base at least half as long again as the straight, oblique, posterior lateral margins, the nearly straight but slightly convex anterior lateral margins at right angles to the j)Osterior and n little longer than they, the apical border emarginate for its whole length for the reception of the head, and less than half as long as the breadth of the widest part of the thorax and scarcely shorter than the middle length of the thorax. Scutellum triangular, vaulted, of nearly equal length and breadth, the tip angulate and not produced, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Aiesosternum nuu!h longer than the ra^tasternum, the coxal cavities of the two hinder pairs of leg ; contiguous, separated only by a conun(»M paries.
Three species are known, one of them from British Columbia, the others from Floris.sant.
Tahli- of Ihi ipecien uf Trleoschisiiii'.
Scutellum rcacliiiif; very iioarly lial(-«;i.v li> I hi' tip of tbi' alidoiiii'ii 1. T. antUiini».
Sditelliim rt'ueliiii); liart'ly two-fifllis niiy to the tip of tlii^ abdn iipii.
I'iiu>:tiutlioiM>f costal iiiari^in of <^<i lull) cliiNtoird aloiiK t)i» eilffv, Iraviu^ <iii o|hmi Niibinarglnal Htri-ak .'"roi' of pimotiircH 'i. T. rigorntw.
Puiiut nation of costal margin of <'oriniu uniform 'i, T. placatim,
1. TeLKOSCHISTI'S ANTIQUIIS.
£M. 2, Figs. 17-19. h:u»rhMii» antiquut ScnM., Rep. Progr. Oeol Snrv. Can., 187f>-1877, 1.V.Mf)l (1878).
The principal specimen is unusually perfect, and appears to be a male. The head is slightly longer th;in broad, etpial beyond the expanding base, broadly rounded and some. vhat flattened in front; the slight carina- marking the borders of the middle lobe are parallel throughout and extend to the front of the head. Tlie thoiax is so imperfectly preserved as to throw dou])t upon the generic atli'iities of the insect, but it a))pears to have been more than twice as broad as long, with a median furrow, and its front margin very slightly concave behind the head: probal)ly. tilso, it was considerably pro-
H EM IFTEKA— UETEKOPTEKA— FENTATOMiD Ji.
455
tluced at tlie liinder latei'al rtn<yles, und had its lateral margin slightly den- ticulate anteriorly. The scuteUuni is large, a little narrower than tlie breadth of the ba.se of the abdomen, of nearly e()nal length and breadth, pretty regu- larly triangular, but with a slifrht eniaryination of the sides on their basal half; the tip bbnitly pointed and rounded otf", e.xtending a little way upon the middle of the strongly advanced fourth abdominal segment. The sur- face of the head, prothorax, and seutellum is covered j)retty uniforndy and abundantly with distinct round punctures, wliidi are, however, deepest, most sharply defined, and so alnnidant as nearly to occujjy the entire sur- face, on the front heir of the head imu 'iwxt thi^ margins of the prothorax. The ooriuni of the tegmina includes more than half tlie wing, and is covered with punctures, deeply impressed, and much minuter and more frequent than on the scutellum ; there is also a distinct vein passin;; vlown the middle, a little to one side, and another sejjarating the clavs «v.>i.i the corium, but distinct on the sj)ecimen oidj- apically, where it isc utinnuus witli the inner margin of the membrane. The meiidjrane is well r >unded, but slightly pro- duced at the outer angle, and the spac*; is occupied by inne nearly longi- tudinal veins, distributed in three sets of three each : the Hrst set is composed i»f three ol)scnre veins j)retty close together next the inner edge, originating from the .same point, etjuidistant from one another, the iiniermost hugging the inner margin : from apparently the .siime point originates the next cluster, starting in a single vein, which ahnost innnediately forks, and sends its innermost branch parallel to those mei\tioned; the other branch diverges strongly fron. It and .igaia forks, the twi» branches running parallel to the first ; while from opposite the point of origin of the last fork the third cluster takes its rise, starMng as a shouldered vein, which forks at its shoulder into two slightly divergent veins which run subparallel to the previous veins; but the innermost of these .;gain fr.rl<s beyond its middle, crowding the veins together at this point. There is also a .short, tenth, independent vein close to the outer extremity of the produced coriaceous field. The outer margin of the wing is delicately wrinkled with a simulation of veinlets. The abdomen is ovate, somewhat regulai'ly tapering at its outer half; the apex obscure l)ut apparently regularly rounded ; the pleunc are punctured like the scu- telhu)i, while the dorsal surface is minutely and profusely '.nit obscurely punctulate. Such portions of the chitine as remain are of an intense black. The specimen is apparently a male, lui* whether two sm^dl triangular pieces,
456
TEKTIAKY INSECTS OF NOUTU AMICIilOA.
nearly equiangular, f(illowin}r thv posterior edj^e of the Hixth abdominal segment laterally, are to be considered the anal cerci is doubtful.
Directly beside this specimen, and, in fact, partly underlying- it, are the abdomen and part of the sternum of another insect, which, although much smaller, should doubtless be regarded as the female of the same species. This abdomen represents an under .iurfat'e ; it is very rounded aiul ovate, the extremity well rounded, the Hixth segment represented by a circular fissured plate. The sides of the alidonien are punctulate, as in the other specimen, but the punctuhition dies out before reaching the middle of the abdomen. Little can be said of tlie other parts of the body, excepting that the rostrum aj)pears to terminate at the front limit of the middle coxa?, and the steriuil parts of the thorax are coarsely punctat(i as above and more j)ar- ticularly at the margins of tlu^ separate i)ieces.
Length of the nuile, 1;')"""; of head, 2.9"""; breadth of same beyond the base, 2.4"""; length of thorax, 3 2/"V'"" ; of tc^gmina, 11"""; breadth of same near tip, 4.35"'"'; length of scutelluni, 4.2"""; breadth of same, 4.5""": greatest breadth of abdomen, S"""; l)readth of its dorsal face at tip of scu- telluni, (!"'"'. Length of abdomen of female, measured l)eneath, 4""'; breadth of .same, 5™"': width of fissured jdate, 1.2r»"'"'.
Quesnel, British (.'olum))iii. (hie specimen, X(t. .">X. r)r. (i. ^f. Dawson.
i
■III
ill
2. TkI.F.O.S' ;. .STtTs IMGORATrs. Fl. 28, h'JK'. 14.
Head punctate, the putu-ta' moderately deej) and rather sparse, ab.sent from the extreme back of the head. Thorax irregularly punctate, at the sides very deep and sharp, on the disk shallow and Iialf obscured, everv- where irregularly distriltuted and rather distant, showing, however, a tend- ency to run in lines in various directions but never crossing one another and generally transverse ; a straight, transverse, slightly im]>ressed, broad sul- cation free of punctuation a little in advance of the middle of the apical hall of the tliorax. Scutellum nuich more coarsely and more bluntly punctate, reaching barelv two-tifths vva} to the tip of the abdomen, llemelytra with the coriuin jiunct^ite like the thorax, but distinct and sharp throughout, t!ie puncta' along the (utstal margin clustered next the edge, leaving an open, narrow, sul)inargiiu»l space in^t- of punctuation. Whole body uniform yriseous.
in-: ( ■
i
HEMIPTEUA— HETEKOl'TEUA— PKNTATOMID.D. 457
I^ength, 16.7.')"""; breadth across base of closefl henielytra, 7.5""". Flori.ssaii'i. Two specimens, No.s. 8066, 12072.
3. 'rKKEOSCHISTl'S rr.ACATlIS. I'l. 28, Fi{;. 3.
Head not preserved on the sin<>lo specimen known. Thorax bluntly punctate tiu'oughout, mostly rather coarsely, besides which the surface is more or less roujfhened except just in advance of the scutellum, where it is smooth, and the puncta- rather tine and a little sharper. Scutellum reach- ing barely two-fifths way to the tip of the abdomen, uniformly punctate throughout like the greater part of the thorax. (Jorium of hemelytra rather sharply, deeply, very uniformly and not very sparsely piuictate, the |)unct;p witli a tendency to a longitudinal arrangement, liody griseous, corium of hemelytra griseo-castaneous, the clavus and costal iield of coiium darker, a pallid line following the sutura clavi, and, less distinctly, the lower edge of the ])rincipal cost.al vein and tlie outer margin of the broadly sinu- ous marginal suture ; membrane slightly infumated with a small but distinct dark triangular coi'iaceous spot at extreme inner base.
Length (without head), 12.7.">"'"' : breadth at base of hemelytn', 6.7;V""'.
Kloris.sant. One s])ecimen. No. r)4G().
2. THNETOSCMISTUS gen. nov. (OyrfTo?, (JyjaTtk).
Body moderately slender with nearly parallel sides. Head with prDm- inent moderately large eyes, scarcely broader than long, less than half the width of the thorax, scarcely shorter than it, the portion in front of the eyes as long as the part behind them, tapering, subtriangular, bluntl}' pointed, tlie tylum distinctly surpassing tlie juga; antennjc with the basal joint not attaining the front of the head, the second apparently just longer than the thorax. Thorax two and a half times broader than long, apparently witli a slight angulate prominence at the I)a8e of the sides, in front of which the sides taper very rapidly, fornung one curve with the broadly rounded front, which has no eu.argination for the reception of the head. Scutelluni tri- angular with straight sides and bluntly angulate, not produced apex, con- siderably longer than the thorax, but not reaching half-way to the apex of the rather elongated produced abdomen,
.V single species is known.
1 :■
11
m
458 TEKTlAKi iNriEUTS OF i^OKTU AMEltlCA.
'riiNKToscmsTiia hevulsiis. ri. L's, viji. (i.
Whole body f^riseous, tlio jiif^ii apparently lighter than the tylum, the membrane faintly intiunated. Head faintly, shallowly, and (ioarsely punc- tate; thorax disfinotly, rather sparsely, and coarsely punctate ; scutellnm still more eoarsely punctate, but otherwise similar; corium of hemelytra punctate like tln^ thorax, but less coarsely and less sparsely.
Leuifth, U.")"""; breadth of base of thorax, 6.5""".
Kloris.sant. One specimen. No. 1.837, collected by the Princeton Expedition.
;}. H(rrK8rirrSTU!S oen. nov. (TroTt, ayjarM).
Remarkable for the rej^ularly ovate form of the liody. [Head unfortu- nately wantinji;'.] iiiorax more or less broken and crushed, so as to render its precise form indeterminable, but apparently it was uniforndy vaulted, nearly twice as broad as long, ta|)ering from the very base with no lateral jirojections, the sides arcuate and tapering pretty regularly, the outer anteriiir angles well rounded, the apical margin less than half the width of the base, gently and rcgidarly finarginatc for tliu reci-ptioii of the head. Scutellnm triangular, as long as Iiroail bv rea.son of tin- arcuation at the base of the otherwise straight sides, the tip angnhite, not in the least rounded or produced, reaching l)ari'ly half-way to the tip of the somewhat (conical al)domen, which the hemelytra surpass a little.
A single species is known.
PoTESCHISTra OUNUHILIJS. I'l. 28, Fig. 18.
The thorax is smooth except for an exceedingly sparse, low, and incon- spicuous gramilation. Scutellnm, on the contrary, very coarsely granulate indeed and less sparselv; the hemelytra midwav between the two and tcderablv dense; membranal suture with a barely per('eptil)le arcinition opening outward. an<i tlie otherwise (dear but faintK veined nu'mbraiu> coriaceous at its extreme imier base, l)et\veen the mend)raiial suture and the end of the claval suture. Whole body brownish griseous, the scutellum lighter.
Length, excbiding head, i:{. 7.')""": breadth. 7.5""".
l''Ioris.sant. One specimen. No. I J7"_'.
i%
HKMn"riOUA-niyniUOl'J'KllA~l'fc3NTATUiMII>,1'5.
J
459
4. CA(10H(MIISTUS gen. iiov (uauh?, ff^/ffr(5?).
(JloHely related t.(i Miitii'o.scliistiis, from whicli it differs mainly in the .structure of the head, whicli is Iji-oiidcr, with a less |iromiiiciii front: it is nuire than half as broad as the thorax, the eyes very large, the portion in front of them scarcely tai)ering, not so long as the eyes, broadly rounded apically, the tylum and juga of ecpial length, the whole head but little longer than the intraocular space. Tiiorax in the middle considerably longer than the head, two and a half times as broad as its middle length, tapering from the very base, at first slightly, afterwards rapidly, with the outer anterior angles well rounded by the arcuation of the sides and not at all prominent, and posteriorly with no lateral projection whatever, the apical border rather deeply emarginate for the reception of the head, the middle half of the emargination hardly arcuate. Scutellum triangular, with straight sides and an angulate, in no way produced apex, which barely reaches lialf- way to the tip of the abdomen, which tlui hemelytra surpass. Body rather slender (for this group) with parallel sides.
A single species is known.
Cacoschistus maceriatus. PI. 28, Fig. 2.
The head appears to be smooth; the thorax lather coarsely, very sparsely, and irregularly granulate ; the scutellum and corium of hemelytra similarly but more closely and less irregularly granulate ; corium of hemelytra long, the membrane hardly occupying more than the a))ical fourth. Whole body blai'kish griseous.
Lengtli, incuiding hemelytra, 14.75""" ; breadth, 6""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 1331b and 13319.
f). MA'I\E()SCII1STUS gen. nov. {ficcraw;, axiarS?).
Of the general form of Euscliistus but far more elong.ite, with parallel K^ides, probably not far removed from Mecocephala. Head broad at base, the eyes being large ; beyond tapering and prolonged, almost exactly as in the typical Mecocephala, the tip being, however, more broadly rounded, the whole head twice as long as its intraocular breadth : vyliun apparer\tly a little longer than the juga, ' ■^t joint of antemwe not nearly attaining the
460
TKHTIAKY INHKdTH (»y NORTH AMKRI(\\.
j i
ill'
front of tlio head, the aocoiul slifrhily loiij^er than the head. Thorax in mid- dle a little shorter than the head, about two and a half times as broad as the middle length, the posterior half of ecjiial width, in front tapering rapidly by the obli(|ue straight sides, the apical nearly half as broad as the basal mar- gin and roundly emarginato to receive the head. Scutellum triangular, witU straight sides and aiiguhitcd apex in no way produced, reaching half- way to the tip of the abdonien. Uemelytra consid('ral)lv surpassing the abdomen.
A single species is known.
Mat.i:os("hi.'<tiis ijmiof.nus.
The whole ]»odv with tiie antenna' and leys blackish or blackish "ris eous; the outer margins and sides of the head appear to be darker than the central portions, the C(»riuni of the heiiiel\ tra evidently te.<ta;*eous and the mendtrane clear. The head a]»pears to b(^ sniootli ; the thorax is coarseh', and the scutellum very coarsely, granulate, ami the corium of -ho hemelvtra faintl\ granulate on the basal portions like the thontx.
Length. 14..')""": bn-adth of thorax, 6""".
Florissant. One specimen, Nd. l.l()i»5, oijtained l>y the Princeton ( 'oi- lege Expedition.
6. POLlOSClllSTl'S <ii'n. nov. {7ro\ib?,axio-T<)';).
Mody with tlu? general form of Kuschistus. Head of model. ite size, the part in front of the eyes sulxjuadrati', a trifle broader than the intraoc- ular space, tlie tylum and juga of ecpial length, the outer angles of the lat- ter a little rounded. Thorax very short, nearly or (piite four times as broad as the median length, the ])osterior part of the sides laterally produced to a blunt, stout knob, increasing the width of the thorax 1)ut little, the sith's in front rajjidly tapering with a concave curve, St ntelliun large, broad, triangular, with an aiigulate and in no w.iy produced apex, reaching half- way or a little more than lialf-wav to the tij) of the alxlomen.
Two s|>ecies are known, both from Florissant
I'ltlitf of the Kjiiiiri of I'olioi, hinliix.
I'liiK tiiatioii III" coriiiiM nl.itivily ilclicuir. i|ii> pmKlii' iiniiully H«|iiirati'(l by niiicli more than tlu'ir own iliariiitir; liciiu'lylia lci» tliHii lull I' :is loni; ;!•< hriilclliiiii I. /'. liyaliiH.
I'liiM.'tiiatioM iif curiiMii r(!latlvi!y iiiiil'N<>, tlif |iiiiirl,i> iiNiuilly m-piiratril by only mi "inch as tir v»<ry litllii iiinre than tlnii own iliaini-ter ; lii'nnlyti.i mini' than tvvici" a» hmg as si'iilfllnm..'.'. /'. la/iiiluiini.
i
UEMIPTEHA— UETEKOPTEKA— I'ENTATOMllJ.L. 1. PoLIOMCIllsTliS LlOATUH.
461
^B
PI. 28, Fig. 7.
Head distinctly, i-iitlier duiKsuly, iiml not very coarsely punctate. Thorax nuicli more coarsely <jrantilate. Scutellum faintly anil rather coarsely punctate. Hemelytra less than twice as lon<? as the scutelhnn, the punctuation of the corhim ratlu-r delicate, thu puncta- bein<f usually sep- arated by niucli tnorc than their own diameter. Whole body uniformh- blackish griseons. the membrane of hemelytra infumated.
Leiifi-th of body, 11"""; hemelytra,?..')"""; scutellum, 4"""; breadth of thorax at base, 5.2.')"'"' ; at prominences, 6.75""".
Florissant. One specimen. No. 2850.
■J. PoLIOSCHlSTirs LAHIDARIUS. PI. 28, Fig. 10.
Of this species, evidently nearly related to the last, only the scutellum and one of the hemelytra are preserved. The scutellum is heavily and coarsely punctate, scarcely shorter than liroiul, apically angulate, with straight sides. The hemelytra are more than twice as long as the scutel- lum, the punctuation of the corium nuich less coarse but distinct and deep, the puncta> separated usually by only so nuich as or very little more than their own diameter. The scutellum is blackish griseons, the corium rlark testaceous, the membrane distinctly infumated. It is a larger species than the last.
Length of hemelytra, 10'"'" ; scutellum, 4.G'"'".
Florissant. One specimen, No. 1112.
it
7. PKNTAT(^MITES gen. nov. (Pentatoma nom. gen.).
'I'his name is proposed for an obscure form of Pentatomida% which can not be placed with any of the others, and which is too incomplete to char- acterize accurately. TJie head is nearly half as broad as the base of the thorax, with prominent eyes, but the front too broken to deternn'ue anything about it. Thorax slightly more than half as long as the basal margin, the sides produced into broad rounded lobes, which increase the width of the thorax by fidly one-half : in front of the widest expansion the sides are
ill
462
TKUTIAin IN8K(JT8 OP NOUTII AMERIOA.
ai'cuatu, convex, inergiiij'' into tlio broudly rouiulod apical niai'f^iii, which is iiaiTowly and slijfhtly eniaryiiiiite for the reception of the head. Scutelhnu f(|iiiun«,''iilar, with strai<>ht (and n«»t, as i^iven on the plate, convex) sides, longer than the thorax, tiie apex itlnntly angular and in no way produced, reaciiing less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. A single species is known.
Pentaiomitks foliarum.
"I. 28, Fifj. I.
A single speuMicn with partly spread heuielytra, l)oth extremities broken, is the only n-prcscMitative at hand of this species, which dift'ers con- siderably from iill others. i'lic iieiel is nitiicr linely and ver\ sparsely punctate. The thorax and scutdhnn, and I'spt-cially the latter, are mucii more coarsely Itiit ([uite as spiirsciv pnnctalc, wiiiic the punctuation of tlif corium of the hemelytra is iMtwi-cii the two bul rather less sparse; the membranal suture of the hemelytra is rigidly straight and marked by a dark line. The body is blackish griseous. nnudi more conspicuous on tlui scutellum ami disk of thorax than tfls('wher(% the corium of hemelytra merely infusciited, the membrane faintly infumate.
Length of fragment, lo"""; probaldy length of body, 16..')"""; breadth of thorax, !•"'"' ; abdomen, (!.."»"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 7!)29
il I
i ■•
f. <
8. TIHOSCllISTl'S gen. tiov. (rn'pm, (JxitTrM).
Mead rounded, l>road( i than long, with remarkably little projection in advance of the eyes; antenu.e aliout twiie as long as the head and tlutrax together, tlii.- first joint short, l)arely surpassing, if sur|)a.ssing, tlie head, the sectmd longest and about as long as the width of thi' head, the third and toiirth ecpial and eiich about thiee toiirths the length of the second, all slender be\oui| the liasal joint, the lifth unknown. Tlii.iax transverse and Memilunai'. only .-.liglitl\ Ijroader in advance of. than at, iIk; base at the lateral augnlation. uliieli is not at all prominent Scutellum large, triangu lar, simple, slightl\ longer than broad, al.>out as long as head and thorax together. l)ut reaching oidy half-way to the ti|) of the abdomen.
A .single s[)ecies is known.
liKMII'TKUA— IlKTKItOI'TKUA— PKNTATOMIIJ.K, 463
TlHOSCHlSTI-H INDUKKSCENS. Fl. 22, V\g. A.
TToad finely and donsely j>ramilnto ; autdnnit very minutoly punctulate, with an cxcooding'ly fino median oarina on llip jiper snrtaci'. Tlinrax and sc'Utellum more coarsely, less distinctly, and morn sparsely <>'rannlate, the corium of the hcnielytra still more obscurely, so as not to be noticeable. Head, thorax, and scntolhun blackish t>r Ijlack. (Jorium and clavus ot hemelytra very light colored, almost colorless, with the base largely black- ish fuscous and the apex occupied next the costal margin Avith a very large roundish fusco-castaneous spot, tlie sutura clavi infuscated and punctate, the membrane pallid at base but the whole apical tvvo-tifths or more occu- pied by a fusco-castaneous cloud, densest !>'<sally, fading toward the edge.
Length, 10.75""": breadtli of l)ase of thorax, 4"'"'.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 11784.
9. TllLlMMOSCHISTUS gen. nov. (dM^co, axtarc,?).
Head moderately large, rounded, half as broad as tlio thorax, almost ecpially long and broad, the front rounded and not produced l)eyoud the rounded curve of the whole head ; antenna- with the basal joint distinctly surpassing the front, the remaining joints \ery slender, the second longest, the others subequal and each about two-thirds as long as the second, all together half as long as the body. 'I'horax fully three times as broad as the median length, yet tapering from the 1 iso with no lateral prominences, the sides very oblique and straight, the iipicnl nnirgin deeply eunu'glnate to receive the head. Sculellum large (not shown on ])]ato, being very obscure), reaching fully two-thirds way to the tip of the short abdomen, but triangular with straight sides and an angulate and in no way produced apex. Abdo- men very broad and short, the extremity very broadi}' rounded, the whole body being less than half as long again as the wi<ith of the abdomen.
A single species is known.
THMMMOSCnlMTrTH GKAVrilA'rim,
PI. 28. Fii(» it i'J
Whole body uniforndy rather obscurely and sparsely aiid not promi- nently granulate and blaclfMli. IjLomelytra the amwu but uiily pah; and
464
TKKTIAUV INSKIM'S OK NORTH AMKUIOA.
more or Iohh int'iiDiated, tlu* costal niiu'ifiii of tliu (^oriiim int'iiHcatod, and at the apex of the snine a hir^c, round, Idackmh, cloudy Hpot; mombraiH' Infiiinntod to tiio same de;;roo as the coninn, hut the apical two-fifths ovei- laiii hy a similar l)lack » loud, which fades a little next the niarfrins of the winy.
Lenjrth, it'" : hrcadth of thorax, a.5"""; ahdomen, 6.25""".
Klorissii I, Twt) specintens, Now. 8171, 10400.
l(t. MKCOCKrilAI.A Dallas.
To this ircnus helon<(s asinj,'le livinjf insect from l'ni«jfUHy. It is the only jjenus that seems to have heen published in which the head is pro- loufred to an e«|Ual (h^yree, which tapia's throuf^hout, and in which the mid- dle lobe is not sinpassed l)y the lateral lobes. (J|uit(; similar in this respect is a frajjfment from Florissant, which unfortunatidy consists of the head
only
Mkcocki'Mai.a sp.
PI. 28, Fig. 8.
The base of the head, includin<^' the larfje eyes but not the parts behind, is a little more than twice as broad as louf^, but in front the head is prcdong^ed, so that the postocular part is as long as the entire breadth of the head. This portion tapers, at first rapidly until it has reached the intra- ocular width, then <rradually to the apex, which is scarcely more than a third the intraocular width : the tip is roundly truncate. At first a|)pear- ance, aiul as given in the plate, the whole seems to be made uj) (tf the lat- eral lobes, the middle lobe being in fact very slender but enlarging a little at the apex. The whole is blackish fuscous and the surface of the base coarsely, of the frontal projection fincdy, and in ])oth shallowly and
obscur
•el
y, jjunctate.
Length of head, .')"""; Itreadth, incliuling eyes. 3.5"""; tip of prolonga-
tion, ().6;V
Klori.ssant. One specimen. No. 3007.
h'
COI^EOPTHIRA T iiin6.
Tn workiiiff out tlieso fossil (!(»lo()| cm T have boon jfroatly indebted to my friends, Dr. (Joorire II. Horn, tlio Into \h. Juini L. Lo(!onto, and ospo- ciiillv Ml". Siinuud lloiisiiaw, iind liiivo liiid free iicc.oss to tlio colloctions of Mr. llonsliiiw, us woll as to tlioso of Mr. K. P. Austin whilo in Mr. Ilon- shaw's kooiiiuff, and of the late Mr. (iooi.fo D. Sniitli, tor all of which I wish tc t'Xpross my jfratoful thanks.
F«or the remainder of this volume no jfonoral (iomparisons are presented und3r tlie ditVeront groups, as, with rare exceptions, none of the Florissant species are described, and until they are, the American fauna can not bo fairlv discussed.
Family ANTHRIBID/E Waterhouse. CHOUAGLS Kirby.
CUOKAOUS FICTIU8. PI. S, Fig. \).
A siu^fle spei imen, not very distinctly preserved, represents tins apeciea. It shows a ]):irtially dorsal and partially lateral aspect. The head is woll rounded, the mouth parts trianjifularly produced, to a greater extent and more pointed than shown in the plate. The antenniu are apparently inserted upon tlio upper surface of the beak, atul are more or less clubbed, which circum- stances liavo made it seem probable that the insect belonged hero. The antenna', however, appear to become thickened into a club throughout all the distal half, and are thus different from Choragus; they can be seen to be jointed, but with such indistinctness that the number of joints involved in the club is uncertain. The thorax is (juadrato and apparently half as long as broad, while the exceedingly obscure elytra are seen to be teebly striate ; the
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466
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
body is unfortunately broken across the elytra, which has given the draw- ing an anomalous appearance.
Length of body, 2,4™™; of antennw, 0.5™™ ; Lreadth of body, 0.75™™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No, 106 (Prof. L. A, Lee).
BRACHYTARSUS Schonherr.
Bbachytarsus pristinus.
PI. 7, Fig, 26. Braohiitaritii priitinui Soadd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Oeogr. Snrv. Terr., II, S7 (1876).
The single specimen obtained is very poorly preserved and frag- mentary. The head is roundish, with small circular eyes 0.08"™ in diame- ter. The prothorax is subquadrate, considerably larger than the head and nearly as broad as the body at the base of the elytra ; the latter are broken.
Length of fragment, 2.1™™; breadth of same, 0.84"™; length of head, 0.39™™; breadth of same, 0.4""; of thorax, 0 64™™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 15216 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson).
CRATOPARIS Schonherr.
Cbatopabis repebtcs.
PI. 8, Fig. 4.
CratoparU rtpertui Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Sarr. Terr., IV, 768 (1878).
A single specimen shows the fragment of an elytron, which is referred to this genus from the character of the punctuation and the arrangement of the striae. It closely resembles C lunatus f^ahr. in these points, but must have belonged to a slenderer insect, about as large as C. lugubris Fahr. There are eleven stria? or rows of pietty large, subconfluent, short, longi- tudinal dashes or oval punctures, deeply impressed, the outer of which fol- lows the extreme margin, excepting apically ; the inner stria also runs very near the border ; the interspaces between the first and second and between the second and third striae are equal and a little broader than the interspaces between tlie other striae ; the inner margin is delicately grooved next the base, as in C. confusus.
*i|
COLEOPTERA— ANTHEIBIDJ?.
467
Length of fragment, 4.3""^ ; width of elytra, 1.6""» ; width of interspace between second and third striae, 0.21"""; between thii-d and fourth striae, O.IS'"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4035.
CbATOPAEIS ? ELU8U8.
P1.8, Fig. 40.
Cratopans t elusua Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 768-769 (1878).
To this I refer doubtfully two specimens, neither of them very perfect, which appear to belong together, and to represent an insect allied at least to Cratoparis and of about the size of G. lunatus Fahr. It appears to have a shoj't rostrum, a moderately small but rather tumid head with circular eyes; thorax not greatly attenuated anteriorly, but profusely punctate, with mod- erately large and rather shallow punctures ; elytra arched, nearly three times longer than the thorax when measured over the curved back, furnished with slight and faintly impunctured striae ; the smface between the striae also punctured, but very faintly.
Length of body, 1.5""" ; of thorax, 2.25""" ; of elytra, 5.5°"".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4012, 4060.
HORMISCUS Waterhouse.
HoKMISCUS PARTITUS. PI. 8, Fig. 17.
A single specimen showing the upper surface of a min' , beetle seems to fall in this immediate vicinity. Only a little of the head is shown, pro- truding as a rounded mass in front of the minutely punctate thorax, which is subquadrate with gently rounded sides, scarcely tajiering anteriorly. The e.yira at their base, as throughout .their bas-l two-thirds, are together half ad bi'^ud again as the thorax, and are marked by straight longitudinal rows, of wiiich eight are visible on each elytron, of large round punctures, about as distant In each row as the rows are from one another.
Length, 2.75""' ; of elytra, 1.8™" ; breadth of thorax, O.O"" ; oftegmina, 1.4"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen (Dr. A. S. Piu-kiU'd)
.
i
468
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Family SCOLYTID/E Kirby. HYLASTES Eiichson.
HyLASTES f SQtIALIDENS.
ri. I, Figs. 23-25. Scnhjlidir HiK Scmia., Can. Ent., XVIII, 194-196 (198fi).
Prof. G. J. Hinde sent me a branch of a conifer obtained by hint from tlio interglacial clays near Toronto on account of its being scored with insect tracks. From an examination of the cell structure Dr. G. L. Goodale has determined it to be the branch of Juniperus communis. It is about 12,;")""' in lenjifth and 13 by 18""" in thickness: the broader surface is shown of the natural size in PI. 1, F\g. 23, and the scorings, which cover a considerable part of the surface, are made by several distinct tracks of a scolytid larva, which appears to he referable to HyLustes, PhWosinus, or some near ally. There are parts of at least six different sets of tracks on this small frag- ment, portions of all of which ma\ be seen in the figure, and are marked by the different letters at the sides. The whole of that seen at d is enlarged in Fig. 24, which shows a little more than can be seen in Fig. '2Sd.
The mating chamber is more or less triangular, resembling often a shark's tooth in form (whence the name) generally etpiiangular or tridentate, the apex upward (see especially c, d). Two of these chambers from which n(» main galleries take their rise occur on the stick ; they may, however, have some <>ther explanation, since tlu^y are nmch narrower and much more deeply excavated than the other mating chambers. Possibly they were unsatisfactory to the constructor and left unfinished.
From the mating chambers, which are not deep and are about 3"'"' in diameter, j)ass the main galleries ; these generally run obliquely, but more nearly transverse than longitudinal (as in Fig. 24), are subequal, and take their rise one on either side of the mating chamber at tho lateral angles and run in exactly or almost exactly opposite directions. In one case, however {d), there is l)Ut one main gallery, anil in another (/) they are at right angles to each otiier, one being h)ngitudinal ; but in this latter ca.se the mating chamber is in the reverse of tlf usual position, the ajjex being downward. These main galleries vary from 1.5 to H"""' in length, and are slightly more than a millimeter wide, witli ch^iitate edge.s, marking probably the sinuses where the eggs are laid by the parent.
I!,
(JOLEOPTEBA— SCOLYTID^.
469
At least this is the custom with tiie mining' beotlesj ; but here, as in some other rare cases, the young larva; do not begin to mine at right angles to the main gallery, but all start from one spot, either the summit of the mat- ing chamber or the extremity of one of the main galleries, and thence burrow in irregular anu somewhat interlacing mines in a longitudinal direction (see Fig. 24), but nearly all apparently either upward or else downward, not, as usually, in the two directions almost equally. Apparently they may often turn upon their course again and again, or they may mine in an almost perfectly straight line or in a tortuous line for as much as 5"'", in the wliole of which distance the mhie will scarcely have doubled in width ; indeed, in man}' cases it is difficult to tell in which direction the larva has moved. Tiie greatest width of these mines is scarcely more than half a millimeter and they vary greatly in depth. The depth of those at a may be seen in the enlarged drawing of this portion in Fig. 25.
The connection between the main galleiy and the mines is often ob- scure, owing doubtless to the younger larvae burrowing more i-n the bark than in the wood (the bark being here entirely lost). In one case (c) there is a mating chamber and a pair of short galleries, but nothing more ; here apparently the mother fell a prey to some enemy before oviposition.
This mode of origin of tlie larval mines seems to be different from any- thing liitherto described, and it is therefore difticult to decide to wliat minor group of insects the creature constructing the mines belonged. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge is a mine of Scolytus rugulosus on cherry, which shows a somewhat similar distribution of the larval mines, emerging and diverging from one point of the mating chamber ; but the main galleries are reduced to almost nothing, and the figures of the mines of this species given by Uatzeburg are altogether different.
Tiiis specimen is one of those branches *' of some coniferous tree," which Mr. Hinde in his article on the glacial and interglacial strata of Scarboro Heights,' states to occur in the layers between the beds of clay and sand fouiul between his "till No. 1 " and " till No. 2," and which are described as "flattened by pressure, their edges . . . worn as if they had been long macerated in water." This is e.xactly true of the present fragment.
' Can. Jour. Sc. Lit. Hist., XV, :i8S-4i:{, plate, 1877.
Hi!
sy
470 TEUTIABY INSECTS OF NOKTll AMHUIOA.
DRYOCyETES Eichhorn.
DrYOC^TES IMPRE88U8. PI. 8, Fig. 28.
Trypodeniiron impremiua Scailil., Bull. U.S. Oeol.Ooogr. Siirv. Terr., 11,8:1 (1876). Dryoeifki impreiiuH 8cml(l., Hull. V. 8. Oonl. Goo){r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 7(i7-70S (1878).
This species has tlie protliorax punctured as distinctly as the elytra, and the punctures on the elytra show but a slight tendency to a longitudi- nal arrangement. The punctures of the protliorax are longitudinally obo- vate, a very little more frecpient than on the elytra, equally distributed throughout ; on the elytra they sire also equally distributed, l)ut circular, about 0.04""° in diameter, and average 0.1'"'" in distance apart; they hf.ve but an obscure longitudinal arrangement into nineteen or twenty rows, and the successive punctures of each row are at about the same average distance apart as those of two contiguous rows. The species is of about the size of D. septentrionalis (Mann.), but has more of the markings of I), affaber (Mann.), although the punctuation of the elytra is not so distinctly separable into longitudinal series.
Length of protliorax, 1.28"""; height of same, 1.44""" ; length of elytra, 2.8'"'"; breadth of same, 1.24""".
Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Xos. l.")218 (F. C. A.Rich- ardson), 4009, 4048, 4091 (Bowditch and Scudder).
DRYOCiETES CARBONARIUS.
ri. 8, Fig. 6.
Dryoarles earbonarius Srnild., Hull. IT S. fieol. Oeogr. Snrv. T<'rr., IV, 76H (1878).
Another species, not very closely allied to the last, is represented by a single, rather mutilated specimen, whicii is jiitchy-black, and consists of part of the head, thorax, and elytra. The head is ratlier long, faintly and not very closely punctured, the eye moderately large and circular. The thorax is proportionally linger than in the preceding species; the front margin recedes a little on the sides, and the surface is subrngose by sub- confluent punctures, the walls of which form wsivy ridges having a, longi- tudinal dire<!tioii. The elytra are I roken at the tip ; their outer aiiteri(»r angle is obliquely excised, and tlie outer margin behind it straight, not sin- uate, as in the preceding species; tiie surface is rather coarsely, but very
OOLEOPIERA— CURCULIONID^.
471
faintly granulate, more distinctly next the base, but even here very vaguely ; and there are faint indications of three or four distant, simple, longitudinal strioe.
Lengtli of the fragment as curved, 4'""' ; of head, 1.1"""? ; of thorax, 1.3"""; probable length of elytra, 3.15"'"'; width of same, 1.5"""; diameter of eye, OM""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 3999,
Family CURCULIONIDvE Leach. CRYPTORHYNCHUS Illiger.
CrYPTORHYNCHUS ANN0SU8 PI. 8, Fip. 3.
Cryptorhynohui annoaui Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Ooul. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 86-S7 (1876).
The fragmentary specimen is exposed on a side view, with head, front of prothorax, and all the legs gone, and the elytra a little broken. The pro- thorax is profusely and uniformly pitted with moderately shallow pits, averaging .OG""" in diameter ; the elytra are traversed by longitudinal costiv, five of which are much more prominent than the others, with sharj), unbroken edges and equidistant from one another, the outer ones in close proximity to the sutural and outer edges ; the other costje are obscure, slightly elevated, rounded, broken to a greater or less extent into raised points ; midway between the first and second prominent costa? (count- ing from the outer niai gin) there is an exactly similar prominent costa on the basal third of the elytron ; the prominent costa; are 0.2"'™ apart.
Length of the prothorax, 0.88'""'; height of same, 1.04'""'; length of elytron, 1.96"""; breadth of same, LOS""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 15223 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson).
GYMNETRON Schonhem
Gymnetron lecontei.
PI. 8. Fig. 26.
Gymnelion lecontei ScikW., Ball. U. S. Gool. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 707 (1878).
A single well preserved specimen, vvitli its reverse, lies in such a posi- tion as to show a partly lateral and partly dorsal view ; the legs are also pre-
472
TKKTIARY INaECTS OF NOIUTU AMKRICa.
II
served, so that it is one of tlie most perfect of the (irt'eii Hiver Ooleoptera. The smnll iiend, \oufr iind slender, straight, and (h'oo])in<; siiout, the taperinjr thorax, broad and short striate elytra, thickened femora, and ](n\pr and slender tibiie leave little donbt that h should be referred to (J3 innetron or to its immediate vicinity. It is very nearly as large as G. teter Schiinh., with which it closely agrees in almost every part. The third tarsal joint is simi- larly expatided. The real length of the rostriun can not be determined from the position of the insect, but it is apparently as long as the head and tliorax together, is very nearly straight, slender, scarcely enlarged, and oblifjuely docked at the tip ; only a portion of the antennal scrobes can be seen ; this is in the middle of the beak, where the groove is narrow, deep, sharply defined, and inclined sliglitly dowi ward toward the base of the beak. The thorax is subrugulose, and the surface of the elytra smooth, with distinct, but not deeply impressed, very faintly punctured stria*. The whole speci- men is piceous.
Length of body, 3.15"""; of snout, !"'"•(?); of head and thorax, O.ir- ;
of thorax, 0.7ft"""; of elytra, 2.25"""; of hind tibia', 1.5 ; distance ajjart
of elytral stria' 0.1"'"'.
Green Kiver, Wyoming. One 8{)ecimen, Nos. 4030 and 4047.
:■ il
ANTIIONOMUS German
Anthonomus sopokup.
PI. 8, Fig. 16.
A single elytron is ])reserved, in excellent condition. It is, however, completely tiattened, bringing the aj)ex, which is scarcely ungulate, in the middle. 'I'here are nine ecpiidistant, rather coarse, not greatly elevated (perhaps partly tiattened by pressure), coarsely l»eaded ridges (represent- ing, bv reversal, stria-) besides the .''utural ridge, the third and fourth from the sutural being a little shorter than the others, which increase regularly in length from within outward. The smooth. Hat interspaces are fully twice as broad as the stria*.
Length of elytron, 2"'"' ; breadth, 0.9""".
The elytron differs from that of A. defossus previously desciibed from the Florissant Tertiaries in its greater size and apparently greater slender-
COLEOPTEBA— CUUdULIONIDJi;.
473
nesH. Tho spociinons of A. dufossiis oxaminetl give, however, a lateral view and rendei fonipftiison somewhat difficult.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 48 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
HYLOBIUS Germar.
Hylobius pbovectus.
PI. 8, Figs. 37, 41.
Hylobiut promtut Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Oixil. Geogr. 8urv. Terr., II, 80 (187«); IV, 7«7 (1878).
The single specimen first found is very poorly preserved, being not only fragmentary but faintly impressed; the rostrum is broken, so that its length can not be determined, but the general facies of the insect resembles that of H. picivorus Germ, so closely that it must be referred to the same genus. The rostrum is rather stout ; the antennal scrobes are slender, and commence not far beyond the eyes ; the eyes are very large, transverse obovate, with an interior clear space, as described in i:pica}rus saxatilis Scudd., with very small facets, scarcely 0.02""" in diameter. The thorax is rather small, but apparently partially concealed by the way the specimen is crushed, not very tumid, and entirely smooth. The elytra are of much the same form as tl ose of the species of Epicpcrus just mentioned, provided with slender, shallow, impressed lines, about 0.22"'"' apart ; the latter are rather delicately punctured, the punctures a little less distant from one another than are the rows; the number of rows can not be determined from this specimen.
Length, exclusive of rostrum, T)"'"' ; length of broken rostrum, 0.45'""' ; of eyes, 0.9'"'"; breadth of same, 0.44"'"'; length of elytra, 4™"'.
Another specimen, taken by Mr. Howdltch at the same locality as the other, shows the character of the rostrum. The specimen is strangely pre- served, as there appears to be a second rostrum, a perfect counterpart of the first, attached to it at the tij) ; perhaps this belongs to another indi- vidual, of which the rostrum only is preserved. The rostrum is about as long as the thorax, scarcely tapering as viewed laterally, gently curved, with a median, lateral, longitudinal groove, directed toward the middle of the eye, just as in H. confusus Kirb., besides the antennal scrobes, which are directed obliquely toward its base.
474
TFUTIAUY 1N8K0T8 UF NOUTU AMKKKJA.
Grt'cn River, Wyoming. Two specinienH, Nos. 4061 (F. C. Bowditch), I62ir) (F. C. A. Kidmrdson).
LISTIIONOTUS Jekel.
L18TBONOTU8 MURATU8. PI. 8, Fig. 23.
A Hniiill Hpecios, represented by a single specimen showing a lateral view. The beak is a little longer than the thorax, tolerably stout (not tapering, as the figure would seem to represent it), the antonnal groove reaching nearly to the tip, the eye moderately large, round, '('he whole body is rather slender, the thorax tapering slightly forward from just beyond its bnse, faintly and sparsely punctulate ; the fore femora increase pretty uniformly in size from the base to near the tip, where they are twice as broad as near the base. Klytra with distant thin striir.
Length of 'body, not including rostrum, 4 75"""; of head and rostrum coinbintMl, 1.7.5"""; of pronotum, 1.2™"'; of elytra, 3.2.5""'.
Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 90 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
ENTIMUS Germar.
TIMl'S PHIMOKDIALIS PI. r., Figs. 109, 1(»J)<1.
EnlimuK p>-imordiaU» Scndd., null. U. S. Geol. noo){r. Siirv. Torr., II, 81 (187G) ; In ZIttel, Ilnmlli. <l.
I'ftliixmt., I, ii. 789, Fin. 1011 (ISST.).
Besides a crushed elytron there are only some indeterminate fragments of the neighboring parts of tlie body. The form and sculpturing of t\w elytron resemble those of the Brazilian diamond-beetle so closely that I place the species provisionally in tbe same genus, or until further remains are obtained, 'i^he insect must have been rather small for an Entimus, is of about the usual size of tlie species of Otiorhynchus, and it is not at all improb.able that it should be referred to the latter genus, some species of which have elytra with similar sculpturing and approximately the same form. The elytron is traversed by ten similar, stout and coarse, longitudi- nal costa*, most of which are l)roken up by transverse depressions into bead-like hemispherical prominences; at the tip of the elytron, however, and on the apical half of the inner two costaj this irregularity is nearly or
OOLEOl'TIiltA— OTIOHUYNCUID.E.
47t
»
quite lost sight of; the edges of the elytron for about the width of one of the costm is also sinootli and depressed ; the front border is sinuous, and the sutural margin appears the same on the »tone, from the compression the elytron has undergone, which was sufficient to split it down the middle through half its length.
Length of fragment, H""" ; greatest breadth of unsplit portion, 4"'"'.
Chagrin Valley, White Kiver, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Family OTIORHYNCHID^C Shuckard. EUDIAGOGUS Schonherr.
EUDIAOOGUS TKKK08U8.
PI. 8, Fift. '29.
Kudiagoijut terro»iu Soudd., Bull. V. S. OboI. Geogr. 8urv. Terr., IV, 78«-7fi7 (1878).
This species, which seems more properly referable to Eudiagogus tlian the others formerly so named by me, is represented by a single specimen and its reverse, preserved on a side view. The snout is short, as long as the eyes, scarcely so long as the head, and stout ; the eyes transverse, rather large, subreniform. The tliorax appears to be smooth, like the head, deep and short, its front border extending forward on the sides toward the lower part of the eye. The elytra, the lower surface of which does not appear to be in view, are broad and long, rectangular at tip, furnished with more than eight rows of frequent, rounded, moderately large and shallow jjunct- ures, and between each pair of rows a similar row with smaller punctures.
Length of body, 6""" ; of elytra, 4.55""" ; of eyes, O-S'"™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4024 and 4078.
TANYMECUS Germar.
Tanymkcus seculorum.
PI. 8, Fig. 22.
A single specimen preserved on a side view shows all the parts of the body tolerably well, but only a confused mass of appendages. Unfortu- nately the plate was engraved before the whole of the head, and especially the rostrum, was uncovered, and the eye-like spot there shown is wholly
47(J
TKUTIAUV IN8KC!TH OK NOKTil AMKIUOA.
iii'cidt'iital, no hiicIi pnitiiliuriinco oxiHtinjf. 'I'lu* jri'Hnml appuarutiro in very Hiiiiilar to that of tutr (toiiiiiion Hpuciott of 'raiiyiiutt'iiM. 'I'liu lioad and Ixtak j'oiiihiiiod are a littlo Hliortor than the tiioiax, and the oye \h j'iicidar, lemovt'd by h^»H than lialf itH diameter from tlie middle of the front border »»f the protiiorax and hut little narrower than the tip t)f the ro«trnm. The hciiil and rostrum appear to bo nearly Hmooth, the prothorax to be t'(»arHely and sodu'what trauHverHely nijjuloMe, and the Htria- of the elytra to be et)arHe, with lar^e and deep puncturoH, whiuh ^vovv Huialler and Hhallower in the apical half. All this \n shown only in reverse, the single npecimen being a roverMe.
licngtli, fi.')™"'; of head, including roHtrum, l.A'""'; of pronotuni, l.(]"""; <»f elytra, 4"""; breadth of thorax, 2""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 91 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
OTIOUIIYNOIIUS Oermar. Otiorhynciius perditus.
PI. 8, Fig. L'fi.
nHoihiinihuK ixiililiin Sciiilil., Hull. I". S. (U'ol. (}«0({r. Siirv. Terr., II, 84 (lH7(i); IV, 7fl«?(IH78).
A single specimen, showing a side aspect, tlitVers from the living species of Otiorhynciius, with which I have compared it, in not having the prothorax conspicuously smaller than the body behind it. The head is withdrawn into the prothorax, almost to the hinder edge of the eyes ; the snout is short, .stout, .slightly curved, bluntly rounded, anil rather tapering than enlarged at the tip, not (juite so long (measuring from the front edge of the eyes) s\n the It'iigtli of the ])ninotum ; the eyes are rounded, snbtriaiigular, with a ilianiet<'r equal to half the width of the snout, the central facets with a diani- (>t('r of 0 027""" ; the antennal scrobes are twice as long as broad, commenc- ing at the middle of the snout and extending two-thirds the distance thence to its tip. The prothorax is equal, nearly as long as high, n(»t tumid, rugu- lose. The elytra, which are not elevated at ba.se above the prothorax, are siiiiple, Hot very tumid, j)rovided with about eight longitudinal slender rows, <)..'}""" apart, of low, raised, rounded ])oints, nearly as distant from one another as those of contiguous rows; midway between each of the.se rows is a very inconspicuous dull ridge. Fragments of the legs remain, which agret! as far as they can bo made out with the same parts in Otiorhyiu-hiis.
wmiMRiijij) J ami"!
OOLKOl'TKUA— OTIOUHYNCIlIDvK.
477
III tlu) ffoiioriil H(!ulpturing of tho elytra thia itiHect \h not very uiiliku (). Huli'utiiH (Kdbr.).
IiOii}ftli, S"""; of Hiiout boyoiid front of oyen, 1,23""" ; width of Hiiino, 0.7;')"'"'; k'li^'th of iintoiiiuil HcrobuH, 0.32"""; dininotor of (jyoH, 0.4(!""" ; luiifrth of pronotiim, l.H""" ; lieiglit of aaiiio, 2.28""" ; hnifftli of olytra, 6.2""" ; width of Hiiino, 2.0r»""" ; loiigtli of fore femora, 1.8""".
Orooii Uivor, VVyoininif, Two Hpecitnens, Nos. 4021 (Scudder), 1521.*$ (Itioiiurdson).
OriOHHYNCHIIS TUMBiK. PI. H, Fig. 13.
(Hhrhyiichui diihlitt Muiidtl., Hull. V. 8. (lool. OeoKr. 8nrv. Terr., IV, 7(i«( (1H?8).
A cast of an elytron reHoniblo.s ho closely the elytron of O. penlitiis, e.xcoptiiij? in size, that it is referred to tho same genus. Only nine .^triie can bo counted, but all of those at the outer side may not be neeii ; the inner stria is very close to tho margin, and indeed is lost in it both above and below, but this may be due simply to the preservation. The stone in which they are pre.servod is coarser than usual, coming from beds about thirty meters directly below the shales which have furnishud the other insect remiiins, and has a greater adini.xture of sand; conseciueatly the character of the surface of the elytra can not bo determined, bat the striic ar<» sharp and narrow, and filled with longitudinal punctures, which do not show in tho engraving. With the e.'ccoption of a couple of poor specimens of Kpi- cieriis effossus Scudd., this was the only recognizable insect found at this locality.
Length of elytron, 4 '; breadth of same, 1.5"""'.
Dr. K. Hergroth having called my attention to the fact that there is a recent p]uropean species of Otiorhynchus bearing the specific name dubius, I have renamed the fossil as above.
Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4204.
OPHRYASTES Schonherr.
Ophryastes compactus.
PI. 8, Fig, 39.
Ophryaatea tompactut Scmld., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Ooogr. Surv. Torr.. IV, Tfi.'i-TOG (1878).
A single specimen, preserved so as to show a lateral view of the insect, appears to indicate an Otiorhynchid allied to Ophryastes. The form of the
m !
478
TEUTIAUY INSIiCTS OF NOKTH AMERICA.
elytra, indeed, does not well correspond, since, in place of their abrupt pos- terior descent, as seen in O. cinereus Sclu'inh. from Mexico, with which it agrees best in general features as also in size, they slope very gradually, and appear to be tumid next the base. Hut the structure of the stout snout, enlarged apically, with very obliipie descending antonnal scrobes, the supe- rior transverse furrow at its base giving an increased convexity to the ver- tex of the hei'd, ally it closely to Ophrya^tes. T\w ovate eye is longitudi- nal, the front border of the pronotuni nearly straight, with no ad'nince of the sides, the prothorax itself faintly rngulose, the elytra coarsely striate, the strije with feeble, rather distant punctures (the reverse is shown on the stone) ; the tips of the elytra are right-angled or slightly produced at the extremity, as in recent species.
Length of body, measured from base of rostrum, 7.5'""' ; height (»f same, .'5.5""" ; length of elytra, 5.5"""; of rostrum beyond front of eyes, 1.2""": breadth of rostrum at base, O.y""" ; wiu-re largest, 1.05"""; length of eye, 0.5'"'" ; breadth of same, 0.3'"'" ; distance apart of the elytral striae, 0.35'"'". ■
Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4210.
EPICyEKUS Schoidierr.
EpiC.f:KUS 8AXATILIS.
1
\ i
PI. «, Fijjs. 33, 34, 36,
KudiagoijuH Kajtaliliii Sei-dd., Itiili. II. S. (Jeol. (icogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 84-85 (1876). KliicirruH saxatihi Sciidil., liiill. V. S. (iool. Oi'ogr. Siirv. T.irr., IV, 7tV')(187H).
Twenty-s(!ven specimens of this species have been found by Mr. Rich- ardson. ^^r. Howditch. and mvself. This and tiie two following species can not, as at first siipposeil, be referred to Eudiagogus on aitcount of the length of t!io snout. Although very small for Kpicjcri (especially the present species), they agree .so well with Epicienis gristMis Schiinh. from Mexico — one of the smallest of the group — that they wtndd best be referred here, although they differ from this genus in the brevity and stoutness of the femora, all of which are swollen apically. It is possil)le that all three of the forms mentioned here should l)0 referred to a single species, as there is cer- tainlv vci V little diffcnMice between them exccspting in size; this is particu- larly the case with thi;! and the ne.\t sptscies. Together over one hundred
COLEOPTEBA— OTlORHYNOHIDiE.
479
speciiiieiiM of tliese species liave been examined by me ; they are therefore the njost abundant fossils of the insect beds of the Green River shales.
In the present species the snout is shaped much as in Otiorhynduis perditus Scudd., beinof short, stout, and, especially anteriorly; irched, the front border being faintly angulate about the middle ; the antennal scrobes can not be certainly defined ; the eyes, are pretty large, transversely ovate, and in most of the specimens are indicated on the stone by an annulus of dark color, containing an interior narrow ovate pale spot 0.22""" long by 0.12""" wide, while the eye itself is 0.4""" in its longer, and 0.3"'"' in its shoner, diameter; the facets of the interior portion are very minute, being scarcely .01"'"' in diameter. The prothorax is somewhat tumid, rather higher than long, very profusely and delicately punctulate, the anterior and posterior walls between the pittings often less elevated than the lateral walls, so that the punctures often form broken longitudinal furrows ; the punctures are nearly uniforn; in size over tlie whole prothorax and average about 0.04™"* in diameter. Tiie elytra are simple, not tumid, sloping off gradually towa'-d the tip, not elevated at base above the thorax, and provided with six equi- distant, very slender and slight, raised ridges, faintly broken into dashes by a series of minute, moderately distant j)unctures along the inner border of each ; these punctures are of the same size as tiiose on the prothorax ; the ridges are about O.IG""" apart. The posterior coxa; have an incrassate pos- terior margin.
Length of body, 4""" ; of rostrum beyond the eye, O-GS™"" ; width of same, 0.46""" ; length of prothorax, 1.2'"'"; height of same, l.S"""' ; length of tcgmina, 2.8"""; width of same. O.I)'"'".
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens.
Epicurus exanimis. PI. 7, Fig. 31 ; PI. 8, Figs. 30, 31, 38, 42.
Eiidiaijogua eianinuH Seuild., Bull. U. S. Ciuul. Oeo){r. SiU'v. Terr., II, !>8 (1876). Kpiciirun rj-uniniM Suiiild., Hull. U. S. Geol. Gcogr. Siirv.. Terr. IV, 7C5 (IS78).
Thirty-one specimens of this species have been examined since the first. .Vll those first obtained (by Mi-. Richardson) were fragmentary, and most of them rather oltscure ; tiiey consist mostly of side aspecits of tlie creature, but several are single elytra. Still the characters drawn from them appear to bo all that can be found in the more perfect examples since found. The
480
TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NOltTU AMERICA.
heat] is rather hirge at base, tapering with a short, broad snout, not so deep as broad, equal and at the tip broadly rounded, directed downward and for- ward, slightly bent along the front margin ; the antennal scrobes extend from the front edge of the eye nearly to the end of the rostrum, and are broadest next the eye, where they are half as broad as the eye itself, taper- ing regularly throughout and shallow ; the eyes are moderately large, broadly oval, transverse or a little oblique, the upper extremity thrown baokward and the lower forward. The prothorax is short, only about half as long as deep, not tumid, rather cylindrical, its surface smooth. The elytra are not broader nor higher at their base than the surface of the pronotum, •and they are simple and fiu'iiished with seven equidistant, equally and not deeply iuq)ressed, longitudinal stria>, 0.16""° apart from one another, and the outer ones an equal distance from tlie adjacent border ; these stria; are pro- vided with slightly longitudinal punctures at regular intervals of about 0.1"'"', by which the strije are carried to about double their usual depth Some of the specimens have lost the elytra, and on those the posterior edge of tlie hind coxjc have been impressed through the; abdomen, giving tiie insects the appearance of being fnriii.shed with elytra which cover but half of the abdomen. Tlie same thing may be noticed in other species.
Length of body exclusive of rostruin, o.7.")"""; of rostrum !>eyond the eye, 0.(12"""; breadth <.f si:me, 0.5"'"': depth of same, 0.44""" ; length of oye, 0 3fj'""' : width of .sauje, 0.24''""': length of prothorax, 0.72'"'" : height of same, 1 .3"'"" ; length of elytra, 3.( >5"'"' ; width of same, 1.2'"'" ; length < .f fore femora, 0.72'""'; width of same, 0.32"""; length of middle femora, O.H""" ; width of same, 0.32"""; length of hind fenuira, l.l"""'; width of same, 0.34""'.
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens.
*•
KpIC.KKUS EKF08SU8.
I'l. 8, FiKH. 7, 35.
Kuatagngit- -fntnuii Soiuld., Hull. I'. S. (ieol. (iiMijjr. Siirv. 'IVrr., II, H,>-><<i ^lifffi). EpicirruK fffiisHU', "nidd., Hull. U. S. (ieol. (iiMpjjr. Snrv. Terr.. IV, 7ti.'> (ItffH).
Nearly Hftv specimens of this species are at hand, all found in Richard- son's shales by .Mr. Riciiard.son, Mr. Howditch, and myself, besides two I found in beds at the .same sj)ot, but altont thirty meters lower; the.se were the only Coleoptera found at 'he VmWv sp(»t, excepting a single specimen of < )ti(»rhvnchns tumlue Scndd.. teloiiging to the same family. Most of the
COLEOPTERA— RHYNCHITID^.
481
specimens are composed of fragments of elytra, and the only specimens which are pi'eserved entire are such as give a dorsal or ventral aspect. These, however, are enough to show that they belong to a species closely allied to but distinct from the preceding, differing principally in its smaller size, its slender and more tapering rostrum, the smaller circular eyes, and in the slightly more distant and rather more deeply impressed striaj of tha elytra. The following measurements will give a better understanding of the degree of difference between them in certain points :
Length of body exclusive of rostrum, 5""" ; breadth of same, 2.1°"" ; width of rostium at base, 0.48""" ; diameter of eyes, 0.28™" ; distance apart of the elytral striae, O.lS-0.20"""; distance apart of punctures in the 8tria3. 0.11""",
Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens.
Family RHYNCHITIDyE LeConte. EUGNAMPTUS Schonherr.
EUGNAMPTUS GRAKD^VUS.
PI. 8, Fig. 20.
Sitone8 graiidasvua Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 83-84 (1S76).
A single specimen, very poorly preserved, was found by Mr. Richard- son on Green River, at the crossing of the Union Pacific Railroad, and at the first description of the species this was all that was at hand. Little could be seen in it except a vague outline of the form of the body, with a broken rostrum ; tiie eye was large, obovate, longitudinally disposed, 0.42""™ long and 0.25""" broad; the elytra were furnished with a number o^ slight, slender, raised ridges, 0.3 l'"™ apart, probably the reverses of stria?.
Two more specimens obtained at the same spot by Profs. Packard and Lee, and in better condition, show that it probably belongs to Eugnamptus, though it differs from that genus in the extreme feebleness of the elytral striation which is barely perceptible; no punctures are discernible, but instead tho el\ tra are sparsely clothed with exceedingly delicate short hairs. The beak is slender and from in front of tlie eye about as long as the thorax; it, as well as the rest of the head, faintly subscabrous, while the thorax is very delicately and shallowly puiictulate, so as to appear almost smooth, with a short delicate hair from each depression. VOL xui 31
i
482
TEETIABY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEEIOA.
The measurements of the best specimen are: Length of head and rostrnm, 1.35"""; of thorax, O-B"""' ; of elytra, 2.6°"° ; breadth of thorax, 1""».
Green Kiver, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 15234 (F. C. A. Richardson), 101 (Prof. L. A. Lee), 76 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
EUONAMPTUS DECEM8ATU8.
PI. 8, Fig. 12.
Eugnamptus drctmiatua Scnilil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 764-765 (1878).
A single elytron with a broken base is all that remains of this species. But this is peculiar on account of the supplementary humeral stria, which seems to be common in the Rhynchitidre, and at least very rare in the allogastral Rhynoophora, to which one would at first glance refer this fragment. So far as the material at hand permits determination it appears to agree best with the genus to which it is referred, on account of the dis- position of the punctuation and the form of the tip of the elytron. It repre- sents, however, a very large species, and one whose punctuation is very delicate. The elytrori is long and rather narrow, indicating an elongated form for the body, as in this genus, with parallel sides and a bluntly rounded tip. There are ten complete etjuidistant rows of delicate, lightly impressed punctures, those of the same row less distant than the width of the inter- spaces ; the outer row lies close to the outer border and is seated in an impressed stria, as also is the apical half of the inner row ; but the other rows sliow no such connections between the punctures which compose them ; at the base the rows curve very slightly outward to make place fo** a very short humeral row of punctures, parallel to the inner complete row, and composed of only three or four punctures on the part preserved ; the interspaces are smooth.
Length of fragment, 4.5°""; width of elytron, l..^"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4046.
Family RHIPIPHORID^ Gerstsecker.
RHIPIPIIORUS Fabriciub.
Rhipiphorus (JEIKIEI.
P:. 27, FiR. 1.
A single specimen preserved upon a side view seems clearly referable to
Rhipiphorus except for the well rounded tip of the elytra. The three lines
COLEOPTEUA— TENEBlllONIUJiJ.
483
radiating from the head in the plate do not belong to the specinaen but lie at a slightly liighor level, except the proximal half of the one lying next the body, which is tlie basal joint of the antenna;, and which before careful study was taken for a beak, and the insect therefore })laced among the Hemiptera. The head and thorax have the form and attitude of the Rhipiphoridse ; the eye is oval, twice as long as broad ; the basal joint of the antennae enlarges slightly from base to apex and is nearly as long as the head ; an ineffectual attempt was made to uncover tlie parts beyond and reveal the structure of the remaining joints. The head and thorax are delicately scabrous rather than punctate, or punctate with the punctures run together transversely in an irregular manner. The elytra are almost as long as the body, three and a Imlf times as long as their basal breadth, the sutural margin perfectly straight until th(3 rounding of the extreme apex begins, the outer margin broadly sinuous, the elytra shortly beyond the base diminishing rather rapidly in width us far as tlie middle, then subequal to just before the tip, which is half as broad as the base, strongly rounded, almost equally on each side ; the tip has been uncovered since the plate was made, and is in no sense pointed, but the inner side is subrectangular though rounded ; the surffice is punctured, not deeply, the punctures separated by r jnsiderably more than their own diameter; the outer border is finely marginate, at least in the basal half The wings are ample, exceeding when closed the length of the abdomen, and when expanded surpassing by one-fifth the elytra; they show at least four principal veins radiating from the base, some of them distinctly forked, and none showing marks of a transverse fold.
Length of body, 9.75""" ; elytra, G™".
Named for Ur. Archibald Geikie, Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.
Florissant. One specimen. No. 367.
Family TENEBRIONID^G Leach. TENEBRIO Linnd.
TeNEBUIO PkilMIQENIUS.
PI. 2, Fig. 32.
Tenebrio pHmigeniui Scudd., Rop. Progr. Qeol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 183B, (1879).
A single, complete, and well-preserved elytron represents a species of TenebrionidfB, a little larger than, and somewhat resembling, Tenebrio
484
TEltTlAUY INSECTS OF NOllTH AMEllICA.
I I
molitor (Linn.), the beetle of the common meal-worm. It has been flattened by pressure, so as to show but little sign of having been arched, while at the same time the shape is fairly preserved. Wherever it differs in color from the stone it is piceous. The margins are very nearly parallel, approaching each other rather gradually and very regularly toward the tip ; there are eight equidistant, pretty strongly impressed, rather coarse, longitudinal strife, besides others next the outer margin, whose number can not be deter- mined, and a short scutellar stria, about as long as in T. molitor, but quite as distinct as the others ; the surface between the striaj appears to be very minutely subrugulose, and shows in favorable light a faint transverse cor- rugation.
Length of elytron, 11"""; breadth, 4.4""".
Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 63 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
Family BRUCHID^e Leach.
BRUCHUS Geoffrey.
Bruchus anilis.
PI. 5, Fig. 125.
Bruchus anilis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Oeogr. Surv.Terr., II, H<2 (1876).
The single specimen consists of two elytra, in natural juxtaposition seen from above. They have a brown color, which is wanting in certain places, but in so irregular a manner that it is doubtless fortuitous ; they are furnished witii stria*, but these, as well as all color, are entirely obliterated in the middle of the wing ; this again is doubtless a defect of j)reservation, since the sutural edges of the elytra are similarly affected ; the strite are deep, sharjdy cut, straight, subeqiiidistant, eiglit in number, fading out at the apex of the elytra, the space between them smooth and arched.
Length of one elytron, .5""" ; breadth of same, l.iJ"'"' ; distance of striae apart, 0.4.'")™"'.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
I'WWi'nwMwwi^w^swwHrfMa
BHMBiiii
COLEOPTERA— CnPYSOMELlD^. ^ 485
Family CHRYSOMELID^E Leach.
GALERUCELLA Crotch.
Galerucella picea. PI. 2, Fig. 31. Gallerucella pioea Soiidd., Rep. Progr. Oool. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 182-183B (1879).
A pair of rather poorly preserved elytra, parted at the tip, and showing between and throujjli them the outlines of the abdominal segments represents a species of ChrysomelldjB, which appears to be most nearly allied to the genus in which I have placed it and to be about the form of, and a little sm.iUer than, G maritiina LeC. The elytra are uniformly piceous throughout, showing no marks of lighter-colored borders ; there are faint indications of one or two marginal impressed lines in their outer lialf, and the whole sur- face seems to have been very minutely punctate, more faintly and finely than in the existing species mentioned. The abdomen is very broadly and very regularly rounded, subovsite, and at least five segments of similar length can be determined.
Breadth of the \rd\r of ehtra at base, S.T.'i"""; length of elytra, 5..5""°: breadth of abdomen, 3.25'""' ; length of penultimate segment, 0.4'"'°.
Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 62 (Dr. G, M. Dawson).
CRYPTOCEPIIALUS GeoflFroy.
Cryptockphalus vktustus.
PI. 7, Figs. 29, 37. Cryptocephaliu vetaatM Sonild., Bull. U. S. Gool. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 764 (1878).
This species is fairly represented by a pair of specimens with their reverses. One pair exhibits the front, and by the drooping of the abdo- men the under surface of the insect with expanded elytra (one of them curiously foreshortened), the other the under surface only. The insect is broadly oval, and, except in being much stouter, closely resembles C. ven- ustus Fabr., with which it agrees in size. The thorax, as seen on a front view, is arched, and the proportion of the head to the thorax is as in the recent species mentioned. Tlie elytra, whlcli are the parts best preserved.
li
486
TEKTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
nro rounded at the extrnnity, and are furnished with ten slightly arcuate rows of f'outle punctures, arranged inconspicuously in pairs, besides a Hutural, sliglitly oblique row on the basal third of the elytra, terminating in the margin. This disposition of the })uncture8 and the character of the head, sunken, as it were, into the tlioranc mass, leave little doubt that the insect should be referred to Cryptocephalus. The elytra are of a uniform light horn color, but the body is darker. The body is more oval than in the ])arallel-8ided C. venustus.
Length of body, 4-4.5'""'; breadth of same, 2.6-3.2'"™; length of elytra, 4"""; breadth of one of them, l.S™"'.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 400.3 and 4004, 4039. and 4044.
DONACIA Fabricius.
DONACIA STIKIA. PI. 1, FifJ. 28.
This is represented by th ^ mere fragment of an elytron, but with a distinct kind of sculpturing. It seems to come as near D. porosicollis Lac as any of our modern species I have seen. The tip is the part preserved ; it is of a deep blue-black color, with an excessively fine, microscopic, trans- verse rugulation, delicately impressed narrow stria', the stria; minutely punctulate, the first and last stria; moderately distant from the margins, deeply impressed, and less distinctly punctate. It is apparently a rather small species.
Length of fragment, .'{2"""; breadtli of same, 1.4""".
Tnterglacial clays of the nijighborhood of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. }AI)hH (G. J. Ilinde).
DoNACIA l'().Ml'ATICA.
ri. 1, FiKs. ;{;5, ;u.
This species, of which there arc several examples at hand, is most nearly allied to our living I). pubicoUis Sulfr , but is much smaller or about tlu; size of I), emargiuata Kirb. As to tlie sculpture of the surface of the elytra (the only part preserved in any specimen), it would be difllcult to say in what respect it dilfered from the former species except in the obliteration of th©
OOLEOPTERA— SCAUAB^ID^.
487
markings nt tlio tip of the elytra, which Heems to be characteristic of the (oHHil. In color it varies extremely ; in one (No. HfiS'i) it is bluish jjurplc : in another (No. l-iMd) it is deej) brilliant violet; still another (No. 14577) has it (lark metallic green. In all, the colors are as fresh as if living. The punctured striie are rather dfeep and the whole surface of the elytra trans- versely wrinkled at the punctures.
Lengtii of elytron, f)""" ; breadth, 1.46""'.
Interghuiial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Five specimens, Nos. 14566, 14573, 14577, 14581, 14582 (G. J. Hinde).
Family SCARAB^DI.«C Leach.
TROX Fabricius.
TbOX OU8TALETI.
PI. 2, Fig. 22.
Trox ouitaleti Soiuld., Rep. Progr. Geol. Snrv. Can., 1877-1878, 179-180B (1879).
A single elytron, well preserved, appears to represent a species of Trox of about the size of T. terrestris Say, but with rather blender elytra. The elytron is subequal, narrowing rapidly and regularly at the tip, well arched, and was apparently still more arched originally, the middle portion having a flattened appearance, as if from pressure, with a narrow flattened outer margin ; the surface is completely and uniformly covered with thirteen or fourteen equal equidistant rows of frequent dull tul)ercles, as distant from one another in the rows as each row from its neighbor, and obsolescent toward the apex and the base, especially towards the former. In certain places there is a very sligiit appearance of greater prominence to every fourth row, which would hardly be noticed if its resemblance to modern species of Trox did not lead one to look for it ; the extreme tip is broken. The color is dark-brown, approaching black, but the whole central portion of a faded brown, nearly resembling the natural color of the stone in which it is preserved.
Length of elytron, 4.25™"'; breadth, 1.85'""'.
Named after M. Emile Oustalet, of the Jardin des Plantes, whose re- searches on the Tertiary insects of Auvermie and Aix are well known.
Nine-Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 61 (Dr. G. M Dawson).
488 TEItTIABY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEBIOA.
APHODIUS llliKer.
ApHODIUS PHKrUKHOR. PI. 1, Fijf. 11.
Aphodiut prii ymor Horn, Trnnii. Ainvr. Ent. Roo., V, W> (1870).
•
"Elytra Hmootli, Hhinlng, feebly Htriate, strin; hIuiHow but rather wide; puncture!) distant, round near the apex, becoming tranHverne near the base, intorvala flat, smooth.
" A species is indicated of the size and nearly of the sculpture of ruricola. The scntellum is short. Length o^ elytra, .10 inch.; 'i.,'')"""." Horn, loc. cit.
Of this species three 'dytra lie fide by side in the same mass ; the middle one shows only the impression of the stri.t!, being the reverse of the left elytron, which has been removed from its original position ; this and the right elytron are black, the striaj distinct and moderately deep, with pvmct- ures as described by Dr. Horn. The striic are ten in number, and in the middle of the elytra are 0 17'"" apart. The left elytron shows the upper, the others the under, surface. There must be some mistake in Dr. Horn's measurements ; the best preserved elytron, the contours of which are perfectly preserved, is 31)'"'" long and l.(ir>""" broad and the others agree perfectly with it in size.
Upon the same stone oct ir the remains of a j)air of elytra (PI. 1, Figs. 16, 17) not noticed by Dr. Horn in his paper, Ijut considered by him as belonging to the same species. This view is tenable only on the supposition that the right elytron (in which the chitine is preserved and which shows the upper siu-face) is imperfect, for there are but eight stria*. Wiien iirst examined by me both margins appeared perfect; but as they have since been damaged I refrain from fiu'ther remark beyond the description of the frag- ments and the expression of my belief that they can not be referred to Apho- dius. The elytra, which are shining black, appear to bo considerably flat- tened, are con.sequently nearly as broad at l)ase as in the middle, and have the apical half rounded rather rapidly and the apex nearly .scpiare ; they possess eight distinct strijc, made more conspicuous by bearing frtqnent, moderately distinct, small, round, occasionally elongatt* punctures ; the in- ter.>*paces between the striic are 0.1.")""" wide, flat and smooth; the eighth stria is cotjfluent anteriorly, and perhaps posteriorly, witli the margin; and the margin itself is not only slightly rcfl '\ri\ but forms by the reflection
I tfwjmiiiwiiwijjijtijiw
COLEOPTEltA— SOAttAD-'EIDvE.
489
a groove very situllar to the Htriio and boarinff Himilar piino-turos ; tlioro h also a Hhort utul oxceodingly slight and faint scutellar Htria crowded against the Bciitellnm.
Length of elytron, 3"""; breadth, l..^""".
Not improbably thcHe ahould bo looked upon as belonging to Carabidie
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
iEGIALlA Latreille.
iEoiALIA RUPTA. n. 8, Fig. 1».
A single specimen and its reverse are preserved with partially expanded strongly arched elytra. Hody eloiigatod obovate, two and a half times longer than broad. Head small, broiully rounded in front, the eyes (not shown in the plate) nioc'eratoly large, oval, less than half as large as one of the pair of oval distinct marks in the middle of the head posteriorly, which are either some parts beneath showing through, or ridges or the bases of horns on the upper surface. Prothorax about twice is broad as long, taper- ing anteriorly from the posterior edge and with rounded sides, the whole front border broadly emarginate, the hind margin scarcely convex, the sur- face indistinctly granulate. Elytra rather heavily striate, tie stria? rather distantly punctate.
Length of body, 3.4"'™; of middle of prothorax, 0.5"""; of elytra, 2'""'; breadth of prothorax in front, 0.7°""; the same behind, 1.1"'"'; of middle of body, 1.3ry"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 80 and 81 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
PHANiEUS MacLeay.
PHANiEUS ANTIQUUS.
PI. 1, Figs. 12-14.
Phanasiis antiqmu Horn, Trans. Aiiier. Ent. 800,, V, 345 (1876).
" Elj'tra with feeble strise, intervals moderately convex, surface slightly rugulose. Abdomen sinootli Leiigtii, .40 inch ; 10""".
" A species is indicated sommvliiit larger than carnlfex ; the elytral sculi)tiire is, however, more nearly that of pluto, inasmuch as the intervals
t i
nil
M
490
TEHTIAUY 1N8KCT8 OK NOKTII AMKRICA.
aro rojjtiliirly roiivox, niid tlio strin' not Hiidilnnly improHKoil M hnnci. Tho nMiiaiiiM coiiHiHt of an iinprcHHioii with a Hiiiall portion of tlio HtihHtanco of liotli olytra in poHitioti, Hlij^flitly Hoparatotl at Ihiho liy pn'HHitn* ho tliat u <l(>(>i>ptivo appoaraiico of nu elongate Hcutolhini iH proHontod ; alHo tlio iniprcHHion of tlitt abdominal HO}(montH with a Hinall portion of chitinonH Hubstanco.
"Thoro Ih also the Htibstanco remaining of tho groatjr portion of nn elytron which probably belongH to the Hamo Hpt-cioH, in which tho intorvalH aro moderately convex and with tracoH of a few puncturort, the utriii' being moderately impresHeii and not punctured." Horn, loc. cit.
Tho elytra have Hoven feeble and dull Ktriir ; the Hurfaco of tho single elytron, which agrees altogether in Hizo with the pair, \n black and Hmooth, but faintly wrinkled tranHverwely. Four Hogmonts of the abdomen aro shown
Length of one of the |»ftir of elytrii, 11"""; breadth of same, f)"".
Bone caves of I'ort Kennedy, I'dinsylvania.
CllCEltlDIUM Lepolletior-ServiUe.
CH(ERIDIUMf KHENINIJM. IM. 1, FiK«. lS-22. ChiTriilium t rbrninum Morn, Traim. Amer, Knt. 8n<-,, V, 'iii-'iAb (tH76).
'* The remains for which the above name is suggested, consist of the greater portion of the thorax, the two elytra in a fair state of preservation and a portion of the abdominal segments. These may be described as fol- lows :
" Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, side;* feebly arcuate, gradually converging anteriorly, surface sparsely and finely punctat<', phune longi- tudinally Hnely strigose. Elytra rather wider, conjointly, than long, .sides moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed to apex, disk with seven mod- erately impressed stria-, the outer rather distant from the margin; striic entire and nearly parallel and eijuidistant. Intervals coarsely but sparsely punctured. Ej)ipleura' s|)arsely punctate. Abdcmnn with coarse punct- ures at the side.s, smoother at middle.
"Length of thora.x, .07 inch; l.TS""".
" Length of elytra, .14 inch ; 3J)'"'".
.iVu^-iiUiu'AiLLna'itituiifaffl
OOLKOI'TKUA— rriNID/K.
491
*' T hiivo boon roally nt a Iohh to know to what ffoniis to rofnr those rmimitiH. Tlioy wcrn iit oiio tiiiit) cnnHnh'riMl to \h'. S(i|nimiH, but tho num- ber of tlin HtriuMiiul tboir chiiriictur forbid Hiirh n rcfonMire. Tho h|)(hmob H(!«nirt to hav« boon rather Hinalhfr than our (Ihu-ridiuni hiHt<»roi(l()H, but undoubtedly roHeiubled it in form. I would Iiave n^ferred the n^maiuH to Canthon near porplexu.n, but the thorax is by no inoaiiH that of tho ffonuH." Horn, loc, v'li.
Tlut thorax of tho Bpeoimen appoarH to hav(* boon broken off before reachij'}^ me, as tho (U)Hcrij)tion given by Dr. Horn is inapplicable* to any of tho fragments before me.
The pleural are not only "longitudinally finely strigose," but also delicately striato in tho same direction. Aside from tho punctuation the upper surface of tho thorax is smooth.
Tho outer discal stria of tho elytra is very widely separated at base from tho subnmrgimil stria which runs closely parallel to tho outer border.
Length of elytron, 3.«"""; breadth of same, 2'""'.
Bone (iavos of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
Family PTINIDyE Leach.
ANOBIUM FabriciuB.
Anobium? ovalr.
PI. 8, FiK- 1. Anobiumt ovale SoihM., Bull. U. 8. Oeol. (l.'ogr. Siirv. T«rr., IV, 7»i:)-7C3 (1878).
The insect evidently appertains to a distinct genus of Ptinidic, in which tho sides of tho body are not parallel, but tho body tapers posteriorly much, though not to tho same oxtcmt, as anteriorly. It is, howover, most nearly allied to Anobium, in which it is provisionally placed. It is about as large as Kndecatomus nigosus \mC The prothorax, viewed from ab<wo. is bluntly conical, tapering rapidly. The body is broadest just behind tho base of the elytra, and tapers slightly at first, more rapidly afterward, and is rounded j)osteriorly ; thu.s the whole body has an ovate outline. The l)ronotum is minutely and very profu.sidy punctulato in black, tho punctures being slightly elongated longitudinally, and appears to have been covered profusely with slight asperities or a coarse pile (much perhaps as in Knde- catomus rugosus). Tho elytra, which are nearly three times as long as
492
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
broad and taper rogularly from near tlie base to near the tip, sliow no mark of 8iicji asperities, bnt are profusely punctate in black, made up of scattered punct.T, about 0.03"'"' in diameter, not alto{^etlier irrejjfularly disposed, nltlioufrli at first siglit liavinj^ that appcurauco, but showinfif in many places, not uniformly, signs of a longitudinal distribution into from fourteen to sixteen rows. The elytra, indeed, resemble those of IJostrychus capucintis (Linn.), but I am not aware tliat similar markings occur on smaller Ptinida*.
Length of body, 4.;V"'" : breadth of same, 2"'"'; length of elytra, 3. If)'"'".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 97 (Dr. A. S. Packard, and 403S (S. II. Scudder).
AnOHUIM f DECKPTIIM.
I'l. S, Virr. IS.
Anohium deceplum S<!ii(Id., Hull. I'. S. (icol. Oconr. Surv. Titf., IV, 7(iH (1878).
Another specimen, representing an elytron only, evidently belongs to the same genus as the la.st, and at first sight appeared to be of the same species, as it belongs to an insect of the same size, and tiie punctures on the elytra are similarly dispiwed ; they are, however, if anything, more thickly crowded, so as to form about eighteen rows in the rather broader elytron ; and not only is the elytron broader an<l shorter than in the preceding spe- cies, being le.ss than two and a half times l(»nger than broad, but it scarcely tapers at all in the basal three-fifths, and beyond that more rajadly tiian in the species last described.
Lengtli of elytron, 3"'"' ; breadth of same, 1 .25'""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 408(5.
Anoriim monitim.
ri. s, Fijr. 21. Anohium lignilum Snidd., Hull. 1'. S. (ii-ol. ricojtr. Siiiv. Terr., IV, TriH(187H),
A tliinl species of this funily. willi irregularly punctale elytra, is rep- resented l)v a single specimen, giving a <lorsal view of proiintum and el\ tra. It differs geiiericallv fnmi the two preceding species, ami agrees l)etter with Anoiiinm proper in having a more gibbous and I'ss conical ])rotliorax, and in having the sides of tlie elytra parallel through most of their extent. It is c'Msiderably smaller than either of the preceding species. The prothorax
COLEOTrEIIA— BUPKESTID^.
493
is one-third the lengtli of the body, iniiuitely i)unctate and scabrous, taper- ing only a little in its basal and considerably in its anterior half, the front well rounded. The elytra are about two and a half times longer than broad, equal on the basal two-thirds, and then rounding rapidly inward, so that the posterior outline of the body is more broadly rounded than the anterior outline ; the elytra are profusely punctate with little jjits, averag- ing scarcely more than 0.02""" in diameter, distributed at pretty regular intervals, but not forming anything like longitudinal series, and so near together as to be equivalent to about fourteen rows. The whole body is uniformly black.
Length of body, 3.75""" ; of elytra, 2.:)""" ; width of body, l.'J""".
Green River, Wyoming. One si)ecimen. No. 4082.
SITODREPA Thomson.
SlTODKEPA DEFUMCTA. Sitodrepa de/uncta Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Gtogr. Surv. Terr., II, 82 (1876).
A single elytron, with its reverse, is very poorly preserved, more than twice and a half as long as broad, equal until near the tip, which is rounded oif ; it is traversed by eight or nine very slightly impressed and delicate punctate striae 0.1""' apart.
Length, 2.75"""; breadth, 1.06'""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 191 and 15206 (F. C. A. Richardson).
Family BUPRESTID^ Stephens. BUPRESTIS Linnet
BUPKESI'US TEUTIAKIA.
Pi. 2, Fig. 23.
BuprcHlis lertiiiha Sciultl., Kop. Progr. (ioiil. Surv. Ciiii,, 1S77-IH7H, IHO-HIB (1879).
Three specimens were obtained of this species, all of them elytra. One shows the two elytra crossed at the base, and a reverse of thic shows the cast of the upper surface; the other two are single and perfect elytra, both exhibiting the u\)\n'V surface, one in relief, the other as a cast, but they are nut reverses. This and the two following species classed under
WW a
494
TEETIAKY INSECTS OP NOllTH AMEUICA.
Huprestis agree closely together, but do not seem vo be plainly referable to any recent American genus, although approaching nearest Huprestis or Aiicylocheira. They seem to be nearly related also to the Tertiary species from Sieblos, described by Ileyden under the name of B. senecta. For the present 1 place them in Buprestis.
The elytra are very long and slender, nearly four times as long ;is broad, ecpial throughout the basal two-thirds, then gradually and very reg- ularly tapering by the sloping of the outer edge, the tip a little produced and rounded, and about one-fourth as broad as the miildle of the elytron. Thj surface is ornamented by ten rows of very distinct stri;i' with rather deeply injpressed puncta* ; these strijc are a. little sinuous near the base, and there is also a scutellar stria extending down nearly one-third of the elytron ; the outer stria unites with the margin in the middle of the outer half of the elytron : the three inner and two other outer striae extend to the apex, while the four interior striiv terminate: the inner pair a little beyond the termination of the outer stria, the outer j)air still a little farther toward the apex, thus allowing for the narrowing of the elytra; the surface between the stria- is miu-li l)roken b}' slight transverse corrugations, giving, with the j)unctate stria', a rough appearance to the elytra. This species differs from the two foUowing by the great slenderness of the elytra and the more delicate tapering of its tip.
Length of elytron, »;..")"""; breadtii, 1.7'""'.
Nicola River, below main coal seam, Uritish Columbia. Three speci- mens, No.s. 4s, ,")1 and .02, 54 (Dr. G. M. Uawson).
liCPRKSTIS SAXIOENA.
r'l. '2, Fifis. '2i, •>5.
IlupreKtin Kiuigiiia Sciiild., Rep. rnifjr. (iml, Siirv. Can., lH77-ltCH, IrilB (IH7!)).
This species is rejiresented by several elytra or fragments of elytra, sometimes preserved by pairs i.i natural connection. It is very closely allied to thti last, but differs from it in having the elytra less slender, the breadtii being contained aliout three and a half times in the length, and in the rather greater coarseness of the punctuation and transverse corrugation. The stria- are the same in number, but nrv, perhaps, a little more sinuous, and the scutellar stria is shorter, hardly extending so much as a quarfer-wav down the inner margin ; the othi-r stria- terminate in nnich the same way us
1 f^
i ii
COLEOPTEKA— BUPRBSTID^.
495
in B. tertiaria, but the seventh stria (from the suture) frequently runs to, or very nearly to, the tip ; the extreme tip is formed precisely as in B. ter- tiaria, but tlie sides of the elytra, nmuing parallel throughout three-quar- ters of their length, taper toward the apex more abruptly than in the pre- ceding species, though with the same regularity. This species stands mid- way betwee)! the other two here described in the form of the apical third of the elytra.
Length, e.-i"'™; breadth, 1.7""".
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Tive speci- mens, Nos. 47 and 54, 4y, 50, 55, 56 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
BUPBESTIS 8EPULTA.
PI. 2, Fig. 26.
Bupresiia eepulta Seudd., Rop. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 181B (1879).
A single specimen, showing the greater part of both elytra in natural conjunction, must be separated from the two preceding by its still broader elytra with more rapidly tapering apex. The elytra are slightly less than three and a half times longer than broad, with sides parallel throughout three-quarters of their length, then suddenly tapering, the extreme tip shaped as in the other species, only more produced, so as to form more dis- tinctly a kind of lobe, the outer margin being very slightly and roundly excised just before the produced tip. The surface is perhaps even rougher than in the other species, but the striae appear to be less sinuous; the scu- tellar stria is destroyed in both elytra of the single specimen before me ; the outer stria terminates as in B. tertiaria, but the inner pair of the middle series of striie is here the longer, extending barely to the tip of the outer stria, while the outer pair is a little shorter ; the produced tip of the elytra is a little shorter than in the preceding species, but similarly rounded apically.
Length of elytron, 6.7""" ; breadth, 2""».
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men, No. 53 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
:\
■ I
I
496 TEKTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Family ELATERID^ Leach. OXYGON US LeConte.
OXYGONUS MOKTUU8.
PI. 5, Figs. 110.111.
Otygonui mor«i»M» Seudd., Hull. JT. S. Gool. Geogr. Siirv. Ti-rr., II, 81 (1876).
Thv3 single elytron and its reverse obtained is slender, the humeral angle well rouiulod, the outer edge apparently a little niarginate ; it is almost equal until near the tip, wh(in it tapers to a "oint. This peculiarity leads me to refer it to Oxygonus, although the apex is not produced so much as in recent species of that group. It is furnished with eight equidistant, rather strongly impressed, but delicate stria', that nearest the suture almost incroaching upon the margin ; these stride are e(iuidistant anteriorly and in the middle, but posteriorly they converge toward each other.
Length of elytron, 4.55'""' ,; breadth, 1.72""" ; distiince of striae apart, 0.2""".
Fossil Cafion, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
CORYMBITES LatreiUe.
COKYMHITKS VELATUS. Corymhilrn rflatim Srnilil., Bull. U. S. (ieol. (ieo^^r. Siirv. Terr., II, HI (1876).
A single specimen, with its reverse, found. The head aiul prothorax are gone, but l)oth upper and under su.face of the rest of tlie body, includ- ing tile elvtra, may be seen in each impression with nearly equal dis- tinctness. The insect appears to have been about the size of C. mediuims (Germ.), but more clo.sely ailieil in form to C. splendens (Ziegl.). The legs !iave been destroyed, but the middle and hind coxal cavities may be seen. The elytra are of the length of the abilomen, acutely angled, almost pointed at the tip, and furnishi'd near the outer edge with a broad and shallow fur- row, whose outer limit is al)riipt and thus well marked, liesides this the elytra are faintly and distantly striate, with five or six rows of striic, and the m(!sostL-riium and im-tasternuin are very delicately granulate.
Length of fragment, (I'""' ; breadth, 3'"'" ; distance between anterior edges of middle and hind coxiv, 1.75"'"'.
Green liiver, Wyoiaiug. Ona specimen, Nos. 137 and 15249 (F. C. A. Richardson).
COLEOPTERA— ELATEKID.E.
497
CRYPTOIIYPNUS Eschscholtz.
CkYPTOIIYPNUS ? TEKRESTKIS.
PI. 2, Fig. 30. Cfjipiohypnusr terre»tria Soiidd., Bop. Progr. Oeol. Sarv. Cin., 1877-1878, 181-183B (1879).
A single, very nearly perfect, elytron, broken slightly at the base, which belongs, with little doubt, to the f^lateridaj, is provisionally referred to this genus. The form of the elytron is as in C. planatus LeC, which is slightly larger than the fossil species. The surface is very minutely punc- tato-rugose, and the stria3 are sharp and clearly defined. In nearly all Elaterida; the fourth stria from the suture unites with the third rather than with the fifth, although it often runs independently to the tip. In < irypto- hypnus there appears to be more latitude, nearly any of the strifp. uniting with either of their neighbors ; and in thii species the fourth unites with the fifth some distance before the tip, while the first three run to the ex- tremity of the elytron, and the sixth, seventh, and eighth, following the curve of the outer margin, terminate near the tip of the third stria.
Length oi elytron, ,5.5"""; breadth, 1.7.5'"°.
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men. No. .59 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
F.om the same locality were brought the remains of another insect, consisting of the metasternal plates, one side complete, the other broken, and plainly belonging to the Elateridii;. The perfect side agrees so well with the same part in Cryptohypnus planatus LeC. that I refer it to the fossil species above described, which its size renders entirely admissible. It is, however, relatively longer than in C. planatus, the perfect half being about a third longer than broad, not including, of course, the side pieces* which are not preserved. Tiie surface is densely and rather heavily punc- tate, more densely and perhaps less deeply next the coxal cavities; the median line (separating the two lateral halves of the whole metasternum) is very deeply impressed, but the furrow dies out anteriorly in the projec- tion between the coxai.
Length of metasternum, 2.1'"".
VOL XIII 32
!!■!
498
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
'
EPIPHANIS Eschscholtz.
Epiphanis delktus.
PI. 5, Figs. 113,114. Epiphanh deleliii ScmW., Bull. U. 8. Ocol. OeoKr. Siirv. Terr., II, 80-81 (1876).
On account of the structure of the antenna^ and general reseniblanco of this insect to Epiphanis cornutus Esdisch, I liave placed it in the same genus ; but the form of the prothorax differs somewhat in the two species. The head is moderately large, subquadrate, the anteniuti moni'iform, com- posed of twelve (preserved) equal joints. The thorax is nearly quadrate with straight sides, the front lateral angles rectangular, the front border straight or scarcely concave, the hind border slightly angulato ; the elytra are slender and taper from the middle backward ; they are too poorly pre- served to show the markings.
Length, .^)"""; breadth, 11)2""" ; length of head, 0.!)4"'"' ; breadth of same, 0.96""" ; length of prothorax, 1.12"'"'; breadthof same, 1.24™"'; length of elytra, 2.8.5"'"'; breadth of same, O.Tf)"'™ ; length of antenna-, 1.6"""; of sixth joint of same, O.l."""'.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
P^I.ATKKllt.K * sp.
I'l. ; , Via. -f*-
f.7<l^ri.^l■;'«j). ScmkM., K.'ii. rr..);r. «l(ol. Siirv. ('an., I^-'T-I^-TH, IHdll(lH70).
In the Cidlection of the Oeological Survey of Canada there is an elytron with the ba.se nearly destroyed which resembles in striation the llydro- phi!id;e, but is far too elongated to belong to that family, reseml)ling rather the Elaterid;e. It is st. imperfectly preserved that, i)eri aps, a nearer determi- nation is impo.ssible at present. There are eitrht ratlier faintly impressed but distinct stria*, the oiit(;rmo.st a little more distinct, especially toward the tip.
Widtii of elytron, 1.25"""' ; its apparent length, 4.5""".
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 60 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
COLEOPTKRA— NITIDULIDiB. 499
Family BYRRHIDyE Leach. NOSODENDRON Latreillo.
NOSOUENDRON TRITAVDM. PI. 7, Fiff. 36.
A single specimen is preserved, a little larger and a little stouter than our N. unicolor, and which shows the under surface of the body with the head bent juider and with the elytral markings showing through to a certain extent. The head appears to bo smooth ; four segments are shown behind the hind coxiw, occupying about one-third of the abdomen, and, excepting for the slightly longer posterior segment, of equal length and all uniforndy, profusely, and minutely punctate. The elytra show here and there signs of faintly impressed distant striiu, which do not appear on the plate.
Length of body, 5'"'" ; breadth, 3.6'"™ ; distance apart of elytral stri«3, 0.2"'"'.
Grreen River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 8fi (Dr. A. S. Packard).
Family NITIDULID>E Leach. PIIE^'OLIA Erichson.
PlIENOLIA INCAPAX.
PI. 7, Fig. 23. PhenoUa incapax Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Ooogr. Siirv. Terr., II, HO (1876).
Represented only l)y a single specimen and its reverse, showing the under surface of the body, from which the appendages have been torn. It closely resembles in size, form, and the relation of the parts P. grossa (Fabr.), but differs from it in the cliaracter of the under surface of the l>ody, which in the fossil species is very minutely and very fointly punctulate, and the posterior edges of the segments are not raised.
Length of fragment, 5.5'""' ; of abdomen, 2.3™"' ; breadth of same, 3'"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 133 and 15201 (F. C. A. Richardson).
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600
TEUTlAliY INSHCTS OK NOltTH AMEUICA.
ri{()METOPIA Ericl.son.
I'kkmetopia dkpilis. I'l. 2, Fijj. 2».
rromeloiiia iliiiilin Siiiiltl., Hep. l'-''^'r. (Joiil. Siirv. Can., l«7r>-lM70,2TH-27".»(I''r«'ncho(i., •og-.'Oit) (1877).
Tliis beetle uppeicis to l)(jK)ii<jf to the Nitidulida', but where it sitouM be {jetu'rii'iilly located is ii .'iiutter of some doubt. It re.senil)les uio.st Jiuioufr our Anierieiin I'orins the jjenus in which I hivve provisionally placed it, but so few really ^'■eueric features remain that one can judge by little other than accessory character.s. The head is wanting and the thorax is broken, and though exhibiting tin* under surface, the markings of the elytra can bo readily seen, ;is is frecpiently the case in fossil l>eotles. The form of the elytra and scutcllnm is precisely that of l*n>'net(d)ia .sexmaculata, excepting that the basi' ofthe elytra is more distinctly angnlate; beneath, the elytra an- ('X[)anded just as there, and punctured in much the .same irregular and minute miuiiier, but eipially so at the extreme border beneath, insti-ad of being I'lirnislied .it this point with transverse rugic ; the punctures are (l.()2'<""" in diameter, and d(» not give origin to hairs; the elytra are dark castaneous, and have a dull ridge along the sutural margin. The thorax is black and jtroportioiially shorter than in I'rometopia, but oth(!r\vise it appears to have the same form, although the characteristic lat- eral j)n)jectioiis of the fnmt border are broken oH", only the slightest indica- tion of that on the left side appearing in a jtorfion of the curve of the front border. The thorax is more minutely punctate than the elytra, and the punctic are connected by the slightest jxtssible impressed liiu's, giving it somewhat of a corrugated appearance ; a few of the al)dominal segments may be seen, the pygidium exteinling just beyond the elytra; all these joints are black, smooth, and .shining, without trace of haiis or punctures.
Length of fragment, .')..')"""; length (.f middle of thorax, 1.2')"""; breadth of same, .•5.2'""": length of elytra, ;5 75""" ; breadth of united elytra, 3.3.")"'"'.
Quesnel, IJritish Columbia. (Jne specimen, No. 24 (Dr. G. M. Daw.son).
pi i
COLEOPTERA— CUCUJIDvE. 501
Family CRYPTOPHAGIDyE Kirby. AN^niEROPIIAGUS Latreillo.
AnTHEROPHAOUS PRI8CU8. PI. 7, Figs. 24, 35.
AnlheropKagui prisottt Scudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. (ici>){r..8iiiv. IVrr., 11, 79-80 (187(1) ; in Zlttol, Handb. d.
Palicont., I, li, 7!tU, Fij,'. lor.l (lHHr>).
Soveriil specimens, representing' eitlier tlie nppcr or tlio under surface of tlie body, have been obtained. Tliey resendjlo A. ocliraceus Melsli. in general apj)earanco. The head is nearly as broaci as the thorax and well rounded ; the eyes are about circular, 0.1 1'""' in diameter; the mandibles are stout, about twice as long as their breadth at base, tapering but slightly; the labium is narrow. I'lu) prothorax is about t\vi(re as broad as long, smooth, the front border slightly concave above, rather strongly concave below, the sides gently and regularly convex, the anterior angles rectangular, the pos- terior less proiniiu^nt, the hind border l)roadly convex. The prosternum and the other sternal portions of the thorax seem to be delicately gran- ulose ; the middle coxai are about ecpiidistant from the others, or perhaps slightly closer to the hind jjair, and the fore coxaj are more closely apjjrox- ifnated to each other than the others, being separated by less than their own width. The scutellum is small, scarcely longer than broad. 'J'he elytra are smooth, equal, tap3ring only near the tip, the extremity of each independently and roundly pointed.
Length, 3.2"'"' ; breadth, 1.65""" ; breadth of head, 1.05""" ; of prothorax, 1.53"""; length of same, 0.75"""; of elytra, 2.1"""; breadth of same, C.g""™.
Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. 4191, 15152 and 15143, 15202, 15252 (Richardson, Uowditch, Scudder).
Family CUCUJID^ Stephens.
PARANDRrrA LeConte.
Pauanurita vestita.
n. 7, Fig. 41.
Body stout. Head quadrate, twice as broad as long, the posterior and lateral margins straight, the front margin between the bases of the antennje
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502
TKUTIAUY INSHOTS OF NOllTU AMKUICA.
inmlo of tlireo iioivrly o(iiial ciimrginatiouH, ono at the base of each ninndi- blf, and one, sli^fhtly Itroadur, tlio cinargi nation of tlio labruni. TliOHO Hcari'oly show on tho plate, wliero tlio anterior edge wrongly appears, eHpo- eially on the left Hide, to bo somewhat in advance of the front margin of the oyo8. Mandibles large, stout, nearly as long as the head. Kyes small, circular, situated with the antennjx! at the anterior angles of the head, as distant as possible from the prothorax. Protborax slightly broader than the head and of the same shape, excepting that the posterior angles are broadly rounded and so not closely connected with the elytra, the humeral angles of which are also rouiuled. These are slightly broader than the l»rothorax, soujowhat longer than the rest of the body, entire, with ])arallel sides They are weakly and distantly striate, the stria? marked by sparsely arrangeil erect seta- about as long as the interspaces. Similar seta- are scattered sparsely over the head and prothorax and oven the base of the mandibles.
liOngth of body, 7"""; of head and mandibles, 1.75"'™; of prothorax, 1.2'""'; of elytra, 4""" ; breadth of head, "J""" ; of prothorax, 2.3.')""" ; of ely- tra, 2.(15""".
This species differs so nnich in its general asj)ect, and especially in its comparative breadth, the great l)readth of the head, and the s(juareness of the prothorax, from P. cephalotes LeC, with which I have especially com- pared it, that I have hesitated somewhat to place it in the same geinis. Casey does not recognize the generic distinction of Parandrita from Ijumuo- phlaus, but if this fossil Ije considered a member of the group there can be little doubt of its value.
(Jreen River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. H7 (Dr. A. S. Pack- ard); 83, 85, 95 (Prof L. A. Lee).
Family EROTYLID>E Leach. MYCOTin-rrUS Chevrolat.
MYCOTUETl'S IUN0TATU8.
ri. 7, FiK. .'JO.
Mycotretutbinotata Sciidil., Dull. II. S. Oool. Geogr. Surv.Torr., IV, 703-764 (1878); in Zittel, Ilandb. d.
I'ahi'ont., I, ii, 800, Fig. 1053 (IBR-.).
A single specimen with its reverse represent the dorsal aspect of this species, which closuly resembles M. sanguinipennis Lac. in shape. It is,
COLKOPTEKA— STAPHYLINIDvE.
503
however, a little smuUer, the thorax taporH loss rapidly, and the elytra are not striate. The head '\h badly [)ro,sorved, boin^' crowded under the thorax ; it appears, however, to be very small, aI)out halt" as broad as the thorax, with a broadly rounded front, large eyes, and a dark, color. I'ho thorax is about two and a hah' times broader than Ion}"-, with slifjhtly convex sides, rej^tdarly taporin{( toward the ajjex, but not s(» rapidly as would seem to be rerpiired for so proportionally narri»w a head ; the front Ijorder broadly (M)ncave, the hind border very obtusoly an;^'ulate, scarcoly produced as a broad trianj^lo in the miihllo ; the surface is of a li;,'Iit color, very minutely and profusely punctulate, the himl l>orders faintly marjjiiuite, the mar<4'in black and ptuictato. Tlie elytra are more elonj^ate tlian, and do not taper so rapidly as, in M. san<jfuinipeiuiis ; they are of the color of the thorax, even more delicately punctulate than it, with two small, short, black, loiif^i- tudinal, impressed dashes just outside tlie middle, and just before the end of the basal third ; the basal edye of the elytra is marked in black, much as the posterior border of the pronotum ; and the scutellum is small, owing to tiie encroachment of the median prolongation of the protliorax.
Total length, ;{.5""" ; length of thorax, O.G"""; of elytra, 'i.rr"' ; breadth of head, O.Try"" ; of thorax in front, 1.2"""; behind, 1.45"""; of elytra at the spots, 2.1"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 3990 and 4015.
Family STAPHYLINIDyG Leach. OXYTELUS Gravenhorst.
OXYTELUS PKISTINU8.
PI. 5, Figs. 118-120. Oxylclua prhliiiua Scndd., Hull. V. S. Gcol. Googr. iSurv. Terr., II, 79 (1876).
A single fairly preserved specimen, but of which none of the append- ages excepting tlie elytra are visible. Apart from tlie labral prolongation, which is as in other species of Oxytelus, the head is subquadrate, slightly broader than long, the eyes occupying the whole lateral outline and but little convex ; the sutural divisions of the under surface show through upon the upper surface (which is exposed to view), obscuring somewhat the parts above. Tlie protliorax is somewhat injured, but was evidently subquadrate, a little broader than the head, nearly a third broader than long, the front
tmamuai^tsgifia^gi
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504
TKIlTIAItY INSKOTM OF NOHTII AMRIUCA.
bordor Hiijflitly coiicftve, tlie outor iimi'},'iii u littlo oonvox, tlio poHtorior uii;flos iiml postorioi* hordcr cxartly iih in OxytchiH nij^osiis ((Imv.); tlio HUifiico iH (loliciitcly pmu'tuliito as lu tlio HpocioH iminoil, and tlioro is a vory sliifht, hIimIIow, and broad median lon<{'itndina1 Hulcation, wIioho vvalln, how- over, are not. clovatcd into rid^^'s, as ii«nal in tlio spocicH of OxytcluH. Tlio ri;.dit olytron is expanded, and is tlierefon* in tlie inctst favorablo poHition for examination; it is inon* than half as lon^r a^ain as liroad, tlio Immoral an;,de well ronndt'd oil", the outer marjjin very {^t'ntly oonvox, tlio apex scpiarelv tnineate hnt sli^ihtly eonvex ; the surfaco is covered rather pro- fuseh and nnifonnly witli shallow liirular piuutiires rosemhliiif^ those of the prothorax, and avera^fin;,' alumt (),(»4""" in diameter. The ahdomon is much as usual in Oxytelus, the sides slij;litly convex, and the tip of tlio ahdomeii Idniitly and rather rej^ularly rounded; it was evidently furnished rather aliundantly with very line, short hairs.
Len^ith (»f body, 1.2"""; of hea<l, (».7S"""; breadth of same, H""" ; length of eyes, 0.^)4"""; breadth of same, 0.1 S"""; length of prothorax, 0.72"""; l)readfh of .same, 0.!)"'"'; length of olytra, 1.22"'"'; breadth of same, 0.75"""; breadth of alidomon, l.Ki"'"'.
Chafjrin Valley, White Kiver, (Colorado. W. Denton.
iU.KDirs Leach.
Mlkdiis adamuh.
ri. 8, Fifj. 10.
nhdiif (uliimim SiMnlil., Itiill. r. S. (ii'iil. (iiMifjr. Siirv. 'IVrr., IV, "(i'J (1S7H).
A rather poorly preserved specimen shows the dorsal view of the body without the legs or anteiin.e. It is of about the size of H. annularis LeC, and resembles it in general appeara'i"e, but seeins to have shorter tog- mina, although these are obscure ; it is also a rather slenderer species. Tlio head is large, as broad as the thoia.x, with rather largo eyes. The thorax is quadrate, and the elytra together (piadrate, and of tlio same size as the tliomx. The abdomen beyond the elytra is as long as the rest of the body; apically it expands somewhat, and the extremity is shaped as in the species mentioned.
Length of body, 4.4"'"'; breadth of thorax, 0.7.')"'"'.
(Jreen Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4081.
COLUOPTKUA— 8TAIMI YFilNID^.
505
liLKUItrg 0LACIATU8. PI. I, KiK. 35.
AUiod to 11, bnn'idoiiH Lod A h'\\vj;\o olytn)M, ulioiit twice hh lonj^ as broad, tho HidoH idinoHt parullul and Htmifflit, wli^rlitly hroador tlian tilsdwluiro juHt boforo tho tip, th(» apical inarfriii Htraight, not iiicliMod, tlio outer poHto- rior an;^lo j^oiitly roiindod, tlio outer border HJij^htly, tho inner Hcarcely, niar;riii(i(|, the dotiexcd portion of tho outer niarjjin narrow, (Mpial, ternii- natinjf at tlio middle of the outer half Texture delicate, the HurfiH'o Hlijrhtly, irrej^fularly, and not very cl(»sely punctate. A very small ami rather liroad Hcutellinn ih indicated by the Hhape of tho inner bamil angle, which Ih not quite accurately given on the plate.
Length of elytron, l.iC ; breadth, 1.1""".
Interglacial clays of tho neig]d)orhood of Scarboro, Ontario. One spocinion. No. 14r)40 (O. .1. llindo.)
OXYPOIJIIS FabricJus.
OXYPORUS ST1UIACII8, I'l. 1, FiR. 30.
A single elytron, loss than twice as long as broad, somewhat broken at tho base, with very straight and almost parallel sides, enlarging to tho least possible degree apically. It is a rather small species, of delicate texture, with smooth, unsculpturod surface, except for the slightly impressed lines which follow the sutural and outer margins, giving a thickened appearance to either edge. Tho outer margin is gently and regidarly convex, the outer posterior angle gently rounded, and the deHoxed portion of tho outer mar- gin very narrow, ecjual, and reaching as far as tho rounded apical part.
Length of elytron, 1.8""" ; breadth, 1.12""".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Oiitario. One specimen. No. 14552 (G. J. Ilindo.)
LATIIKOIJIUM Gravenhorst.
LATIIROniUM AI5SCES8UM. PI. 8, Figs. 15, 21.
Lathrobium abteesaum SciuUl., Uull. U. S. Gool. Oeogr. Siirv. Torr., II, 791 (187(1).
Two fragmentary specimens were taken by Mr. Richardson near Green River Crossing, Wyoming. Tho head is smooth, subquadrate, broader
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506
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
tlian long, witli sligiuly convex sides and hind border, the eyes of medium size, obovate, n little in advance of the middle of the head. The prothorax is smooth, as broad as the head, shaped quite as in L. elongatum (Linn.), the sides straight, the anterior angles rounded off, the whole posterior border well rounded. The abdonuMJ is also as in the species mentioned, with rounded, tapering tij), but the elytra are short(!r, being barely as long as the prothorax, with rouiuled apices.
Length of body, 6.25'""'; (»f head, 0.9(1""" ; of eyes, O.'iri""" ; breadth of head, 1.02"""; length of prothorax, l.K!""" ; of elytra, 1.05"""; breadth of abdoinen, 1.2'""'.
Tlie al)(>ve is the original des('rij)tion of llie species. Since then other sp»>cinu'iis have l)een found by Dr. Packard and myself, some of which are better preserved. Tliese show that the head is of about e(pud length and breadth, well rounded, and with the surface slightly granular, as is also the prothorax ; the la.st is of a very short oval shape, with regularly rounded sides, scarcely more prominent anteriorly than posteriorly.
Green Kiver, Wyoming. Seven specimens, Nos. 5, 155'' (F. C. A. liichardson); .S4, 94 (Dr. A. S. Packard); ;5!»S7, 4049, 40S8 (S. JI. Scudder).
I.ATIlKOniUM INTEKGLACIALE. PI. 1, Fig. 38.
A single elytron indicates a species nearly as large as L. grande LeC, l)ut with coar.ser sculpturing than is connnon in this genus and more as in (Jryptobium ; luit in the latter genus the posterior margin is outwardly pro- duced. The inner l);isal angle indicates a pretty large scutellum. The elytron is of nearly uniform width, with a lUiarly straight outer margin but gently roiindiMl, the greatest width do.se to tlu^ tip ; the po.sterior outer angle is rounded otf and the posterior niargin straight. 'J1ie dellexed portion of the outer margin is narrow, subeipuil, rapidly tapering just before its termi- nation, extending just beyond the middle of the apical half of the elytron; inner margin simple. Texture dense, the surface of elytron coarsely, rather shallowly, .and not very closely, irreguhirly punctate, and marked besides by foiu' or five short, shallow, irregular, hnigitudinal grooves just within and before the middle.
Length of elytron, 2.5"""; width of upper .surface, 1.25""".
Interglacial clays near Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14555 (G. J. lliade).
:|:ll
OOLEOrTEltA— STAPDYLINIDiK. 507
LEISTOTROPIIUS Perty. Leistotropiius patriabchicus.
PI. "), Fig. 112. Leiilotrophun patriarcMcus Soudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Googr. Siirv. Torr., II, 7rt-7!) (187(!).
A single {i^reatly cruslied and ill defined specimen. Above, the liead is broader than long, the front very broadly and regularly rounded, the jaws projecting triangularly beyond it; the eyes are large, nearly as long as the head and just as long as the width of the suace between them ; the whole head is minutely and uniformly granulate. The collar, which is not granulate, is of the same width as the part of the head between the eyes, and about half as long as the head ; on one side of and in direct connection with this are some cruslied fragments, ajiparently of one of the fore coxic and femora, which distort its appearance. The prothorax is of about the size of the head, (juadrate, with rounded corners and a slight elevated rim, without punctures or granulations. The elytra are very short, broader than long, quadrate, squai-ely truncate at the tip, leaving no signs of an exposed scutellum, faintly and distantly punctulate. The outline of the middle coxai is impressed through the remains nf the insect, showing them to be shaped as in Creophilus and Leistotropiius. The alxlomen is as broad as the thorax, not much longjr than broad, broadly rounded apically, fur- nished with hairs on the upper surface and apical tufts as in Creophilus villosus (Grav.) ; there are, however, no signs of punctulation.
Length of fragment, 12"""; of head, 2.5'""'; breadth of same, 3.7.5"'™; length of eyes, 2""" ; breadth of same (as seen from above), 0.88"'"' ; length of tegmina, 1.7.5'""'; breadth of same, 2'"'"; breadth of abdomen, 3.8'"'"; length of middle femora, 2.3'""' ; breadth of same, 0.(>5"-" ; length of middle coxai, 2.5'"'" ; breadth of same, 1.1'"'" ; length of hind femora, 2""" ; of hind tibia;, 2.5'""'.
White River; near the Colorado- Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton).
QUEDIUS Stephens.
The two species described here from Florissant differ considerably from each other in general appearance, but appear to be structurally simi- lar. They differ, one more markedly than the ot'.ier, from modern species
508
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
of tlie genus in the great brevity of the antennae and of their separate joints, as well as, so far as can bo seen, in the shortness and stoutness of the legs.
QlIEUIUS CIIAMBERLINI. n. 10, Fig. 8.
Head moderately large, ovate, with a slightly constricted neck. Antenna" considerably longer than the head, reaching about to the middle of the thorax, the tliird joint a little longer than the second, scarcely increasing in breadth apically, the last joint no broader than the penulti- mate and scarcely, if at all, longer than broad. I'rothorax fully as long as the head and narrower than long, subccjual, smooth, and black. Legs shorter and stouter than in our smaller species of Quedius, but otherwise similar. Klytra longer than the protliDrax, of the same color and densely, finely, and briefly pilose. Abdomen black, narrowing posteriorly, the part beyond the elytra longer than tiie rest of the body.
Although longer than in the other species of Quedius here described, the antenna' are still markedly shorter than in our living forms.
Length, 7.25'""': breadth, 1..5""".
The specie.s was described from other specimens than the one figured. It is named for the distinguished geologist, l*resident Chamberlin, of the University of Wisconsin.
Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 1478, 0615 and 7083, 10G27, 12057 and 12483.
QlKOIUS nREWERI. ri. 16, Vig. 4.
Head large, ovate, apparently smooth, with distant punctures, the neck slightly constricted ; mandiiiles stout and not very long; anteiuiie but
le
little long«'r than the head, increasing very slightly in size apically, tl third joint a little slun'ter than the .second, the last subj)yriform, a little longer than l)r<tad, while the peindtimatc' is broader than long. Prothorax smooth like the li(;a<l, not at all explanate, apparently of about equal length ami breadth, narrowing a little anteriorly, furnished with a few distant, scattered, erect bristles. Legs apparently much as in Q.
mo
loci
nnus
((irav.), to which it appears to be most nearly allied, though a slenderer insect. Elytra rather siiorter and scarcely broader than the prothorax,
COLEOPTERA— STAPHYLlNIDiE.
509
thinly clad with rather long hairs, which are darker than the also sparse hairs of the abdomen ; abdomen with parallel sides and rounded tip.
The species is remarkable for its slenderness, the brevity of the antenna), and the stoutness of the mandibles. •
Length, 8.5"""; breadth, 1.5"'™.
The species was described from' other specimens than the one figui'ed. It is named after the Western explorer and botanist, Prof. W. II. Brewer, of Yale College.
Florissant. Five specimens, Nos, 3863, 5800, 825t), 13(J35 and 141G1, besides 1.381 from the Princeton Collection.
GYROPH^ENA Mannerheim.
GYKOPHyENA .SAXICOLA.
ri. 5, Figs. 123, 124. Uyrophwna saxkola Scudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Geogr. .Surv. Torr., II, 78 (187(i).
A single spociineii of a species allied to G. vinula Va: has the head well rounded, witli large round eyes and a rounded labrum. The pro- thorax is but vaguely defined on the stone, and is apparently of about equal breadth with the head, and shorter than broad. The elytra are of equal length and breadth, each with a pair of longitudinal, straight, deli- cate, raised lines. There is no sculpturing of the surface ; no wings can be seen, nor legs, and the indistinctly preserved abdomen is shaped as in G. vinula.
Length of body, 1.84""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
HOMALOTA Mannerheim.
HOMALOTA UECISA. ri. 8, Fig. 14.
The head is tolerably large, ])roduced and tapering anteriorly but well rounded at tip ; eyes globular, moderately large. Thorax a little broader than the head, subtjuadrate, broader than long (but tl lis feature exaggerated in the figure), with gently rounded sides and profusely and rather delicately punctate surface. Klytra together considerably broader than the thorax, about as long as their united breadth, with scattered short hairs apparently
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510
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
arising' from shallow puncta\ Abdomen beyond tJie elytra of the width of the thorax, and retaining that width for fonr segmenis ; the four segments beyond that, and especially the longer penultimate and antepenultimate segments, tajiering considerably, the last segment bluntly pointed, triangular. From indications in the clearer parts the abdomen would appear to have been faintly and rather distantly punctate.
Length of body, 4.5"""; width at elytra, 1.1""".
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, No. 78 (Dr. A. S. Packard), No. 3990 (S. II. Scudder).
STAPIIYIJNITES gen. nov. (Staphylinus, nom. gen.).
Stapiiylinite.s ohsoletum. PI. 8, Fig, 32.
Slaphylinitf.1 obnolelum Sciulil., Hull. V. S. (Jeol. Geogr. Siirv, Terr., II, 78 (1876).
The single specimen obtained is too poorly preserved to determine until further material is obtained to what genus of Staphylinidm it should be referred. Following, therefore, the lead of Prof Oswald Ileer in similar cases, it is referred to a provisional genus Staphylinites. The head, thorax, and abdomen are of ecpial breadth ; the eyes are round and rather large; the posterior border of the pronotum is well rounded ; the elytra are simple, about twice as long as broad, truncate, and very broadly rounded, with a large, rouiuli.sh, very dark sj)ot occupying the whole of the tip.
Lengtii (.f fragnxMit, 3.25"""; breadth of same, 1.25"""; diameter of eyes, 0.45"""; length of elytra, 1.2.'>""".
(Jroen liivor, Wyoming. One .specimen. No. 15200 (Mr. F. C. A. Ivichard.son).
Family H YDROPHILID^E Leach.
CEKCYON Leach.
CeKCVON i TKKKIGENA.
ri. 2, Fig. 21.
Cerryon t tirrtyinu Siuild., Kmi. I'ii))?r. Uvtil. Siirv. Can , l-CT l«7rt, 17UH (IH7!t).
A single elytron with the base broken otT aj)pears to represent a specieH of Hydrophilidie, and perhaps is most nearly related to Cercyon, but of this
|K
OOLEOPTERA— HYDROPHILID^.
511
there is much doubt. The elytron is pretty well nrched, equal nearly to the tip, then rapidly rounded off, indicating an ovate beetle with the shape of a Hydiobius or a shorter insect, and of about the size of Helophorus lineatus Say. Eight faintly impressed unimpunctured stria? are visible, the outer one, and to some extent the one next it, deeper ; these two unite close to the tip, curving strongly apically ; the next two curve slightly near their ex- tremity, but are much shorter, not reaching the fourth stria from the suture, which, like the remaining three, pursues a straight course to the seventh stria. The surface between the strise is nearly smooth, piceous.
Length of fragment, 2.4""" ; breadth of elytron, 1.35'"" ; distance apart of the striae, 0.15""".
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 57 (Dr. G. M. Dawson).
HYDKOBIUS Leach.
Hydkouius dkcinekatus.
n. 8, Fig. 27. Uydvohim decineratm Sondd., Bull. U. S. Gcol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 761 (1878).
A single specimen exhibits the dorsal surface, but with part of the thorax gone. It re])resents a species a very little larger than IL fuscipes Curt, of California, and is apparently allied to it, thougli slenderer; the head and eyes are as in tliat species; the thorax shorter and the elytra longer and more tapering at the tips, the extremities of which, however, are not pre- served ; they are furnished with oight delicate striae, in which the punctures are scarcely perceptible even when magnified ; the surface otherwise ap- j)oars to be smooth, but is not well preserved. The scutelluin is as in the recent sj)ecies mentioned.
Length of body, 7.5"""; of elytra, 4.75"""; breadth of body, 3.G""".
Green River, "Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4007.
HyDROBIUS CONFIXUS.
PI. 7, Fig. 25.
A single elytron has been found, perfectly flat, with nearly parallel sides and a bluntly pointed apex. It shows place for a minute scutellum, the surface is smooth, but marked by nine parallel, equidistant, slightly
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
incised strirc, whicli are apparently accompanied (not shown in the plate) by very faint and rather infrequent punctures ; ail the striai can be traced almost to the very tij) of the elytron, some of them unitinjy, or almost uniting, as shown in the plate. The outer edge is not very well preserved, and doubtless a tenth stria is concealed there.
Length, 4"""; breadth, 1.7""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 79 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
PHILIIYDKUS Solier.
PUILU/DKUS PRIM^VUS.
PI. 8, Fit,'. 5. rhilhydrun primwriiK Soudd., Bull. V. S. Qool. Googr. Surv. Terr., 11,78(1870).
A single specimen, w.inting head, thorax, and legs, but exhibiting at once the upper and under surface of the body (like specimens mounted after a potiish bath), represents this species, which is poorly drawn on the plate, the striae l)eing too far apart and only a portion of them sliown. The elytra taper on the apical third, following the narrowing form of the abdomen, and are delicately pointed ; they are furnished each witii six straight, equidis- tant rows of distinct, longitudinal, punctate striie, 0.19""" distant from one another.
Length of elytra, ii.S'"' , breadth of same, l.^r)"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One sj)ecimen. No 15199 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson). ■
PiiiLiiYDKUS spp.
Two sj)ecimens (Nos. 4033, 4042) of speciies of Philhydrus were found by Mr. F. C. Bowditdi and myself at the same Green River locality, but neither of them is very [)erfect, representing little else than elytra, and these rather obscurely preserved. Tlie larger species has smooth elytra ; the elytra of the other have eight delicate stria*, which apparently are not punc- tured. i'ossil)ly one or both should be referred to Ilydrobius.
Length of elytra of larger species (No. 4033), 4"""; breadth of body,
Length of elytra of smaller species (No. 4042), 3.75""" ; breadth of body, 3""".
.Mention of these Wiis made by me in the Hull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 7<U (1«78).
OOLEOPTUUA— HYDUOPUILIDJS. 513
LACCOBIUS Erichson.
LaCCOBIUS ELONGATU8. PI. 7, )'ig8. 27, 28. laccobiim tlongatus Scmld., Bull. U. 8. Oeol. Geogr. Siiiv. Terr., IV, 7fil (1878).
A single 8pe(;iinen and its reverse exhibit tlie elytron of a slender Rpecies of Laccobius. It is more than two and a half times longer than broad, and is furnished with thirteen equidistant, delicately jiunctured, faintly impressed strisc, the punctures of which are more apparent on the basal than on the apical half ; the inner stria is as distant from the sutural border as from the neighboring stria, while the outer is scarcely separate from the outer margin. The species is very large, and also very slender, for a Laccobius, in Avhich genus, however, I am inclined to place it, from the largo number of punctured strije. The elytron has much the general appearance of that of a Lebia, but the number of striae, of course, forbids such a reference.
Length of elytron, 2.9""'; breadth, 1.1™".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 81 » and ISG^ (Mr. F. C. A. Richardson).
. , BEROSUS Leach.
Berosus sexsteiatus.
PI. 7, Fig. 40.
lierosuH aexstriatus Scudd., Bull. U. .S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 7f>0-761 (1878).
A single well preserved elytron represents a species scarcely smaller than B. punctipennis Chevr. (undescr.^) from Mexico, with the elytra of which it also agrees in the character of the tip and in the shape of the whole, unless in the fossil it tapers more toward the base ; the latter is also remark- able for the absence of the two lateral striiv, the others retaining their nor- mal position ; and for the delicacy of the stri.ne themselves, which are even more faintly impressed than in B. cuspidatus Chevr., and, unlike all Berosi I have seen, are nearly devoid of any sign of punctuation ; faint traces only can be seen when magnified twenty-five diameters. As not unfreciuently hiippens in Hydropliilidie, although I have not noticed it in Berosus, a
'SiM'ii ill tlio collootitm of tlio late Mr. George D. Smith. VOL. XIU 33
5U
TKUTIAUY INSKCTS OP NOIJTII AMKRIOA.
iU )
short Hupplemoiitjviy wtriii orijfimitcs near the biwo of tlio soooiid striii, piwli- iii<f it n littlo to ono side, iiiid runs into tlio first stria n short distiuico from the bnso of tiio olytrii. Length of elytron, 4.r)""" ; breadth, 1.4""". Green River, Wyoniinfi;, Ono specimen. No. 4079.
ItEUOSUS TKNITIH.
PI. 8, FiR. .S.
Hrronui leniiin .Sciiilil., Hull. IT. .S. (}eol. (iooKr. .'<iirv. Torr., IV, 7(iO (187H).
The siiijrh! specimen rej)resentin<if this species is preserved on a dorsal view, and is unusally slender for a Herosiis, but seems to fall here rather than in any other of the hydrophilid ji^enera. It is of about the siz(i of H. cuspidatus Chevr. from ^lexico, and aj^rees j>enerally in appearance witli it, but is .slenderer, and the tip of the elytra is simple ; the punctured striiu are exactly as in that species, as far as they can be made out 'I'he head is large and well rounded, with large round eyes. 'Die pronotiim, the poste- rior edge of which is partly concealed by tlio overlapping base of the elytra, pushed a little out of place, is shorter than in IJ. cuspidatus, with rounded sides, broadly and shallowly concave front, and apparently smooth surface. The elytra are long and slender, with entire, bluntly pointed tip.s, and very delicate, finely impunctured stria*. Tiie whole body is regularly obo- vatc. broadest in the middle. .
Length of body, 5.()5"'"': of elytra, 4.L5"'"' ; breadth of bcnly, 2.75"'".
Green Kiver, WN-oniing. One specimen. No. 4002.
THOPIS'l'EKNL'S Solier.
TkOI'ISTKRNI'.S SC'l'M'TIKIS.
Tropinlernu' Mriilplilii ."Sciulil., Hull. T. S. (iccil. (iciit,'r. Stirv. TiTr., IV, "CiO (1H7S).
In a specimen and its reverse, of .v.liich only the abdomen and elytra are preserved, we have a well marked species of Tropisternus of al)out the size and sha])e of T. mexicanus C'astln., but with rather frecpient stria-, more distinct than in that species, and cojnposed, not, as there, of rows of impressed points, but of continuous, faintly impressed lines; the lines are apparently eight in ninnber and uniform in delicacy and distance apart ; the Itase of the elytra, however, is poorly j)reserved ; the elytra are rather slenderer than in the recent .species mentioned, and the extreme tij) is
COLEOPTERA-IIYDROPFIILID^B.
515
roiindod awl not acutdly pointed. Distinct stiiiitlon of the elytra is rare in TropistcMMiUH, l)ut it sciu'cely soenia poHsiblo to refer tliirt species elsewhere.
LeMj,'th of elytra, 0.5'"'" ; breadth of combined elytra, !)""".
Green Iliver, Wyoniinjjf. One specimen, Nos. 3!)H9 and 4084.
ThOPISTEKNUS 8AXIALI8.
PI. 8, Fig. 2.
Trnpinlernim narialis Sriiild., Hull. U. 8. Oonl. OnoRr. Siirv. Ttirr., IV, 7r)9-7r)0 (tH78).
One specimen and its reverse, fonnd by me in the Green River shales, represents a species of Tropisternus nearly as larjife as T. binotatus Walk, from Mexico. Tlie hirgo size of the head and tlie shortness of the prothorax are doubtless due to tlio mode of preservation, the whole of the head, deflected in life, boinjj shown, while the thorax is in some way foreshort- ened. In all other respects it aj^rees with the Ilydrophilidaj, and especially witii Tropisternus, havinjr the form of the species mentioned. The head is broad and well rounded, witii small, lateral, p<isterior eyes. The thorax is much broader and nutch more than twice as broad as long', with rounded sides, taperiuff anteriorly, the front marjjin broadly and rather deeply con- cave, the hind border {fently convex ; the scutellum is large, trianj^ ular, a little longer than broad. The surface of the thorax and elytra is appar- ently smooth ; at least no markings art) disc' verable, excepting the line of the inner edge of the iriferior margination of the sides of the elytra, which appears through the latter, as do also the abdominal incisures and the hind femora and tibijc. These legs are longer and slenderer than iii T. bino- tatus, the femora extending beyond the sides of the abdomen, and the tibiic are armed beneath at tip with a pair of slender spines, which togetlier with the tibijK are about as long as the femora.
Length of body. (!.(;.'')'""' ; of elytra, 4.4.5""" ; breadth of middle of body,
"" ; length of hind femora, 2"'"'; of hind til)iir, I.2.')"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. t023 and 4027.
3.2.')
HYDROCHUS Germar.
Hydrochus amictus.
PI. 1, Fig. 47.
A single fragmentary elytron indicates a species of about the size of H. subcupreus Rand., and in general resembling it. The figure does not
516
TKKTIAUY INSWTa OK NOJtTII AMIOUICA.
properly roprt'sciit tlio proniinfiut rouncUul huiufnil uiijfU). It diflfcrH from tho modern H))ecii's iiu'iitionod in wanting tli(> Hpociul pntniiiiencc of the third and fifth iiiti'r«paceH over the intermediate ones, though the seventh and eightii are eh^vated ; the punctures are also a litth* h'ss pronouneed, and so the interspaees wiiK-r ; whenee doiil)th>ss it liappens that the minute liairs which are confined to a sinj;h' pn^tty rej^uhir row in the interspaees of the livin^f sj)eeies are scattered, irre<;uhir, and more numerous in the fossil.
I.enjrtlj of frafrment, -Ml' ; pndtahh^ len<;th of elytron, 2.H""" : its
l.rtadth, 1""".
Interfflacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14504 ((}. .1. Hinde).
HYi>Kornrs keli('Ti:h. !•!. H, Fij;. II.
Head rather larffe, rounded, subtrian;fular, broader than lonjif but prominent; eyes moderately larj;e, <rlobular, somewhat projectin;^. Thorax cylindrical, broader than lon^r, a littl*^ broader than the head, broadest in the middle and narrowing; a little l>oth in front an*l behind, tlu^ sides slijfhtly and rather rejiularly rounded, front and hind i)ord(?r nearh- strai<i;ht, the surface apparently a little roughened and with very short, m(»derately stout, scattered hairs, or perha))s only the latter. Elytra toj^ether nuicli broader than the thorax, with well rounded humeral anifles an<l with ten louffitudinal pun<'tate stria- (the innermost and outermost not shown in the plate) marked by short, moderately stout, scattered hairs, about half as long as the width of the interspaces.
Length of body, 3' ; of thorax, (».«i ; of elytra, 2"""; breadth of
thorax, (>.!•' ; of elytra, 1..'}'""'. The specimen is seen from altove but with
a partially lateral view; if it were wholly dor.sal the width of the elytra w >uld prttbably be l.T""'.
Cireen Kiver beds, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 88 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
IIELOIMIOIU'S llligor.
IIki.oI'IIOKIS KI0K.SCEN8. 1*1. 1, Kij,'. .W. A single elytron with a broken tip repn'seuts this species, which does not seem to agree do.^^ely with any modern form, having less heavily ])unctate
t'OLK()I'THItA-(!AKAUll)/E.
617
strijc and flatter iiit(M'8|)ncoH tlmn imy known to mo. Tn jfoneml, in color and in toxtun*, (^xccptinfr in tlio vory intorniptfjdly olovat.-d and jribbnus int('r«i»H(;('«, wliicli an; tlu* i-iiiof (-liaracteriHtic of the ob -a of II. tnlicrcu- latUH Gyll., it mij^Hil ho ('oni|)artjd to that HjutcioH, hut it a^riios iu'ttor in Hizo witli II. scahor LoC. Tho prominent humoral nugh \h not properly shown in the plato, and tho breadth is made to appear too great from the Hpreading of tho declivous margin
Length of fragment, 2.1"""; probable lengtl. of elytron, 2.2h"""; breadth in natural position, 0.7""".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14505 (G. J. Ilinde).
Family DYTISCID^ MacLeay.
LACCOPHILUS Leach.
Laccophilus sp. PI. 5, Figs. 116, 117.
rMccopHha Hj>. Soudd., null. II. .S. Oei)!. (Joogr. Hhtt. Torr., H, 7H (Wfl), III, 7r)9 (1877).
A fragment of a leg found I)y Mr. Denton in Fossil Cafion, White River, Utah, must be referred to this genus. It represents the hind femur and tibia of a species allied to L, maculosus Germ , i)ut is so uncharacter- istic a fragment that it is not worthy of further mention.
Family CARABID^e Leach. CHLiENIUS Bonelli.
ClILiENIUS PIJNCTULATU8.
I'l. 1, Fig. 7. (Mwniui iiuiiclulatiiH Horn, Trann. Aiiier. Kut. .Soc, V, 244 (1870).
"One elytron of the size and very similar to that of C. laticollis, from which it ditfers in having the stria? more finely impressed and the punctures ratlier closer, while those of the intervals are coarser and less numerous. Length, .40 inch; 10""".
"There can be no doubt that the generic determination is correct in this instance." Horn, loc. cit.
«\
£_jgi---T:^ — ;~i"--.--.':rrT::
;i'! i
\¥
518
TKiniAKV IN8KCT8 OF NOItTII AMKKICA.
HcHiMcs II Hliort liiniioral Htria tlioro imi nino otlict-H, finely 1>iit Himrply iniprcsstMl, with tV«'(iii(>iit piiiicturcH iit irri>};tiliir ilistiinccK iih if tlioy wore only II piirt of those which cover profusely tlict whole siirfiice, 'I'Ik* iiiter- Hpact's are O.'Wr)""" hroail in the inidille of the elytra, nearly flat, and besides the ahuudant punctuation lire very delicately and Hhurply rii^uloHu, imicli iiH in Oyniinilis auri>ni from the Hanie hods.
Bono cavoH of I'ort Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
CYMINDIS Latreillo.
CyMINDIS AI'HOKA.
PI. 1, Fijr. 0.
Cy»iin<li« aurora Horn, Trnim. Aini<r, Knt. 8«o., V, 'ii',\ (lh76).
" Klytra Stria- moderately deep, indistinctly punctured, intervals irrejfidarly, biseriately jjiinctulate, and very finely alutaceous. Iien<fth, .30 inch; 7..'')"'"'.
"The <,'reater portion of hoth elytra remain, somewhat distorted '<v pn>ssure and n.'tainiii;^ much of the chitinous sultstance A species is cated closely related to (J ami-ricana, hut s(uu(nvliat larj^er. 'I'lu* pinu tion of the intervals and the arraiijftMiient of the stria- near the tip, res(Mnl)lo HO closely those of Cymindis, that 1 place the «i)ecies in that gunuH." Horn, loc. cit.
The .stria', althout^h very distinct, are really shallow, and are very iiulistinctly and somewhat irre;jrularly punctured; the intc-rspaces are (►.2.'')""" broiul in the middle of the elytra, and the surface is very rejjidarly and most delicatelv and sharplv ru<;ulose and furnished abiindantlv with irrej;- ularlv st-attered, somewhat faint, (-ircular punctures, whicli can scarcely bo said to be arraiii;ed biseriately, althou<,''h tlu^y are more fr»'(pient aloiifj;' lines which are s]i;,''htlv nearer the stria- than tlu^ middle of the iiiterspac-es, and also to a h'ss ext(mt alonj; the middle line of the interspaces. The lenj^tli of the (-hitiiioiis portion of the frajfinent is (J.5""". 'I'ho breadth of the elytron and the number of stria- can not bo determined.
Bone caves of INtrt Kennedy, I'enn.-^ylvania.
I'LATYNIIS Bonelli.
The several species of IMatvnus herci rles(-ril)ed from the inter«flacial clay beds beloujj to one type, si»mewhat distantly represented to-day by
■■*"**''hHB
coi.i:ui"n:uA— cauahid.h
oli)
I'. croniHtriutUH IiO('. and P. i'ul)i'i|H'H Zlmin., in wliicli tlio Htriir uro coiii'hu anil |)iiiictur(t(l, tin* Hiituitil Htriii inHi;rii;ticant. or ohHoloMcciit, and tliit Hurt'aco t(fxtur(t a vfry dolicato transvcrHti rilihin^'' nnwiion; hrokun up into a ruticulation.
Pl-ATYNIJH HKNEX.
IM. 7, FiK. 3H.
rialymiH Hinrjr Hcmld,, Dull. ir. H, O.miI. Oeonr. Hiirv. Torr., IV, TW), (1878.)
TIiIh Hpc'ciim irt roprestJiited l»y a winfjflo spcciinon and itH reverse, Tlie upper Hurtaco is shown with none of the wlenderer appenihij^es. 'I'he true torni of the head can not ho determined, as the edj^cs are not preserved. Tiie prothorax is unusually s(piare for a earahid, resenddiii}^ o'dy certain forms of Hemhidium and IMatymis, and especially I', variolatus LeC. It is, however, still more cpiadrate than in that species, and differs fron> it in Hhape, hein^ a little hroader than Ion;;-, hroadest just hcthind the middle, taperin;>- l)Ut little anteriorly, and scarcely more rapidly at the extreme apex; the elytra are tti;,f('ther only about half as hroad a;>ain at base as the thorax, and are furnished with ei^^ht very faint and feehle stria-, appar- ently unpuncturcd, the one next the nuir;{'in interrupted by four or livu fovea! on the posterior half of tiie elytra; the humeral re^^ion is too poorly preserved to determine the stria- at that point; the form of the elytra is as in P. variolatus.
Length of body, <;.!"'"'; breadth of thorax, 1..'')"""; of base of elytra together, 2.3"""; length of elytra, 4.1""".
Green liiver, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 391)8 and 391(2.
Platynus casus. IM. 1, Fig. 42.
A single elytron is preserved in the beds which have yielded so many Platyni, which seems to be better comparable with P. rubripes Zinun. than with any other living form, but better still witl. the fossil forms from the same beds, with which it agrees also better in size, though it is a trifle broader, with a considerably more rounded humeral angle, a more rounded outer n»argin, and the first stria closely approximated to the suture. Except in these particulars it agrees best with P. halli ; but, somewhat as in P. rub- ripes though with less regularity in size and distribution, the interspaces
520
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
l-i
are filled with i»re;rnlar sliallow punctures, which run more or less together so as to t'orin interrupted, longitudinal, adventitious s(n-ies between the stria-. The intimate .'exture of the surface is much as in V. halli, the fifth and sixth sirije meet i't a distance from the tip and the sutural stria is obsolescent and brief.
Length, 4 7""" ; breadth, 1.6°"°.
Ititorglacial clay beds, Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14523, (G. J. Ilinde).
Platynus hindei. PI. 1, Fig 54.
A number of fragments occur of a species which seems to be allied to P. rubripes Zinun , but is nuu^h smaller than it and differs from it consid- erably, 't'he shajjc of the elytron is much the same as there, but the humeral angle is more pronounced, the stria' are rather coarser and perhaps a little more heavily punctate, while the interspaces, instead of being faintly and shallowly punctate, are not only very faintly and irregularly ♦ransversely corrugate, but the fine sharp reticulation of the living species seen under str(»ng magnifyinii- power is entirely absent from the j)iceou8 suri'ace «if the fossil, being replaced by a scarcely perceptible dull trans- verse riltbing. The fifth and sixtli stria' are also united (»nly a little l)eyond th..' middle of tlu- outer half of the elytron, and the sutural stria is very short indeed and generally inconspicuous.
Length, 4. ti.")""": breadth. 1..^)"'"'.
Clay beds of interglacial deposits, Scarboro, Ontario. Nine specmiens, Nos. 14.-)'2, 14.-)14, 14518, ;i452H. 14.'..'{;), 14.544, 14.54r,, 14.5.54, 14.5(12 r(i. .1. Ilinde).
I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. (J. .1. Ilinde, to whose industry and zeal we are indebted for the interesting series of interglacial Coleoptera shown on Plate 1.
Pl.ATYNl S HALLI. PI. 1, Fig. 41.
Another species of Platynus, allied to P. crenisfriatus licC, is still more ncar'.v related to P. iiindei just descrilx-d, and is of the same size, and therefore considerably sniiiller than the living sj)ecies, to which it bears the
COLEOPTERA— OARABIDil'].
521
nearest resemblance. Its rel.itions to P. hindei are very much the same as those of V nibrijjes to P. crenistriatus, the stria*, being- deeper and coarser than in P. hindei and the punctures hirger and heavier. Tliougli the humoral angle is scarcely so prominent as in P. hindei, the texture of the surface is scarcely different, unless in being slightly more marked, while in P. crenistriatus there is no reticulation or cross ribbing whatever. The early union of the fifth and sixth striie again marks its affinity with P. hindei, and the sutural striii is of much the same character, though slightly variable.
Length, 4.6r)"""; brem'th, 1.5""".
Clay beds of interglacial age, Scarboro, Onta'-io. Three specimens, Nos. 14520, 14524, 14525 (G. J. Hinde).
Named in honor of the veteran New York paleontologist. Prof. James Hall.
PlATYNUS DISSIPATU8. PI. 1, Fig. 37.
This species, which is of the same size as P. lialli and agrees with it in its general features and in the miiuite texture of the surface, is separated froui it solely on account of the grosser sculpture of the elytra, since the st.iie, wliicli are equally broad, are much shallower — a characteristic which applies as well to the piuictures — and are less distinct on the sides than op the interior half Neitl r of the fragments is perfect, though one has all but a little of the tip and pernnts us to see tluit the fifth and sixth stria3 would unite earh', as in those species, did they iu)t fade out altogether before unit- ing. There is at least one puncture in the tiiird interspace as far from the base as the width of the elytron.
Breadth of elytron, 1 .5"'"'.
Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, OntJirio. Two specimens, Nos. 14515, 145(!a (G. J. Hinde).
PlATYNUS DESITKTUS.
in. 1, Fipta. 43, 51, 58.
Thih, the largest of the species from the clay beds of the Canadian border, ii, more nearly allied to P. crenistriatus LeC than to any other liv-
-'™--~««.i,i...,,,,™™i„.
522
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
ing species, agreeing with it also in size, wliicli none of the other fossils do ; but in other particuhirs, inchuling the intimate texture of the surface, it agrees better with its contemporaries. It is nearest perhaps to P. halli, but tlie strij« and punctures are a little less pronounced, the insect is much larger, and the fifth and sixth striaj meet at no great distance from the tip of the elytron, as in the modern species mentioned. There appear to be three punctures in the third interspace.
Length of elytron, 5"""; breadth, 2"""'.
Clay l)eds of interglacial times, Scarboro, Ontario. Six specimens, Nos. 14477, 14478, 14486, 14r)16, 14526, 14538 (G. J. Hinde). '
Platynus hakttii. PI. 1, Fig. 31.
This species, represented by a couple of specimens oidy, is the smallest of those found in the interglacial deposits, and in its peculiarities, especially in the di.stant union of the fifth and sixth stria', is most nearly allied to the largest. Its outer margin is well rounded, scarcely marginate, the humeral angle tolerably ))rominent but well rounded ; the stria' are course and deep, with rather heavy but not very distinct punctures, scarcely broad- ening the stria', while the piceous surface is delicately and rather faintly cross-ril)bed. The marginal stria is obsolescent. There are apparently two or three intersn-^'ial |)unctur('s. It is very small for a Platynus.
Length of elytron, 3.6"""; width of one, 1.3.')""".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro. Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14475, 14480 ((}. J. Hinde).
Named in memory of my fellow-stuflent. Prof C. F. Ilartt. formerly director of the Geological Survey of Brazil.
Platynus c.*:8U8. i'\. 7, Fig. ;y.
This species is represented !)y a couple of specimens, one showing the closed elytra, the other tluf whole body j>roper and tiie fragment of a leg. It appears to be a triu; Platynus. The head is ol)scure, but apparently longer than l)road, with medium-sized circular eyes. The pronotum Is broad suldyriform, the front margin scarcely concave, the anterior angles a
OOLEOPTBRA-CARABID.E.
523
little more than rectanjriilar and well defined, the sides convex, the poste- rior angles very much rounded off, the hind margin otherwise gently con- vex ; it is broadest slightly behind the middle, strongly margined at the sides, followed by a distinct neck, which is half the width of the pronotum. The elytra are oval, strongly margined, the humeral angles almost as strongly rounded as the hinder margin, the strise coarse, with no indication of punctures.
Length of body, G™"; of pronotum, 1.4"""; of elytra, 3.25'""'; second specimen, 3.5""" ; width of pronotum, 1 75"'™ ; of elytra, 2.2 (2.25)"™.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 83, 85 CDr. A. S. Packard).
DIPLOCHILA BruUd.
In this genus I place provisionally a fine but headless specimen from Florissant, rather imperfectly preserved as regards the elytra, and which was accidentally placed with the Heteroptera from appearing to have a large scutellum, due to the impress of underlying parts. There seems to be nothing nearer among our native Coleoptera. No fossil form has previously been recognized in this genus, which is a widely distributed one in various parts of the globe.
DiPLOCHILA 1 HENSHAWI. PI. 28, Fig. 9.
A species is indicated of the size and general appearance of D. major, but it differs so much that it is very doubtful if it belongs to the genus. The finding of fresh material will probably determine this. The head is picking. Tiie form of the thorax is soni'nvhat similar so far as can be told ; much has been worked out from tlie stoTie since tlie drawing wa.; made, but the front part is imperfect by the removal of an angular fragment following an angulate suk-ation not unconnnon in Oarabida>, but here excessively deep ; the thorax narrows more rapidly and considerably than in I), major, with angulate rather than sinuate sides, so that the tliorax is one-half wider at base and two-tliirds wider at the widest than at apex. The ovate form of the abdomen with the closed elytra is rather more like that of Carabus than of Diplochila, the elytra apparently furnished with distant slightly impunctate striie. The legs are constructed on the carabid type; tlie middle and hind
524
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
f(imorii are of eqiuil size, tlie liiiul tibiiu considerably longer than the femora, furnished with a superior sharp carination ; thoy expand slightly at the tip, and are armed with a ))air of long, unequal spurs ; hind tarsi a little longer than the tibia', the lirst two joints are subequal, very long, each almost as long as the third to the fifth together; these subecpial, the last apically sub- buUate and armed with a pair of rather short claws. Apparently the whole bodv was uniformlv black.
Length of fragment, 1 4""" ; breadth across middle of thorax, 6.5™"' ; across dosed elytra, 9.2"""; lengtli of hind tibia, fi.4"'"' ; tarsus, 7.1"'"'; first tarsal joint, 2.7.')'""'.
Named for my excellent friend, the well known American entomologist, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of Cambridge.
Florissant. One specimen, No. 8201.
DICyELUS HonelH.
■J<
DlCJEhVa ALUTACEU8.
PI. 1, Figs. 8-10.
Dic(Thi» aUitaceiiK Horn, Truiig. Ainer. Eut. Soc, V, 244 (1876).
"Two elytra much flattened, retaining tlieir proper position in relation to each other, remain, with but little of their actual sub.stance enough how- ever to indicate the surface .sculpture.
" A species is indicated bearing a chise relationship to dilatatus, but with the intervals .somewhat more convex and tlie surfa«'e more distiiu',tly alutaceous. The humeral carina appears to have l)een extremely tine and rather less elevated than in dilatatus.
" Elytra.— Length, .70 inch, 17..")' Width, .40 inch, 10"'"'.
" The measurenu'nt includes also the portion of the elytra covered by the ba.se of the tlu»rax. With proper allowaiwe being made for flattening a species is indicated of as large size as our largest purpuratus but relatively narrower." Horn, loc. cit.
The stria' are seven in number, besides the humeral stria, and are O.fi.'i""" apart in tlie middle of the elytra. The length of the largest fragment is 17""": the breadth of one elytron, 4. !»'""'.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
COLEOPTEKA— CABABID.E.
525
DiCiELUS sp.
PI. 1, Fig. 15.
Dicmlut sp. Horn, Trans, Amrr. Ent. Soc, V, 244 (1870).
" Another species of much smiiller size than the preceding [D. ahitaceus Horn] is indicated by an inii)reHsion of the greater part of both elytra and a very small fragment of one elytron, resembling D. elongatus. The carina appears to be of similar length and the intervals moderately convex, equal and smooth.
" No measurements can be given as I have not sufficient material on which to base them and I must also leave the species nameless." Horn, loc cit.
1 have seen only the specimen figured. The surface sculpturing is the same as in I), ahitaceus, but the species being smaller the stria; are of course closer ; but in addition to this there are more of them, as there are nine in all ; their average distance apart in the middle of the elytron is 0.4""". The width of the two elytra together is 7""".
The fragment is too imperfect to require a name at present.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
PTEROSTICHUS Bonelll.
PXEROSTlCHrS ABR0GATU8. PI. 1, Fig. 39.
A fragment of an elytron indicates a species closely allied to P. liercu- laneus Mann in elytral structure and of probably about the same size. The sutural stria is similar; there are the same broad and deep, simple stria% onl}' they are, if anything, broader and deeper in the fossil. The interspaces are, however, flatter than in the recent species, and the intimate texture of the surface, instead of showing a very distinct reticulation of minute imbricated cells with sharply defined walls, is almost entirely smooth, the faintest sign only of such tracery being visible with strong magnifica- tion. I'he first stria is also at an unusual distance from the margin. Tlie color '!•; piceous.
Length of fragment, h""" ; width of same, 2""" ; })resumed length of elytron, 7.5""".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14.5fi0, (G. J. Hinde).
VJ' -
526
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Pterostichus dorhitans.
PI. 1, Figs. 40, 55.
This species, represented by two opposite ends of elytra, is very close indeed in size and general character to P. laetulus LeC. It may be slightly smaller, but not enough to be worth specifying. The color is different, being testaceous instead of a dull metallic green. There are the same delicately traced, indistinctly, distantly, and delicately punctate stria?; a sutnral stria of the same charac*?r, and similarly flattened interspaces. The intimate surface structure of the interspaces is similar, l)ut the cells of the present species are a little smaller than in P. laetulus, with coarser and less prominent walls, and therefore giving a much less delicate reticulation. The third interspace is not well enough preserved to tell anything about the j)unctures.
Length of largest fragment, 4.5™"' ; breadth of elytron, 2"'"'.
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14503, 14508 (G. J. llinde).
Pterostichus destitutus.
PI. 1, Fig. 44.
This species is represented by a single elytron of a mahogany color, whicii seems to be nearly related to P. sayi Brulk' anil of the same shape, though a considerably smaller species. The ciiaracfer of the stria' in depth and punctuation is quite as in P. sayi, but the interspaces are flatter, and the delicate transverse reticulate striation, finely traced in P. sayi, is hero inconspicuous and (lull and more irregular. The present species has a similar sutural stria, but apparently no puncta in the third or any other interspace, though it is possible that one exists in the place <»ccuj)ied by tlui ])osteri(»r one in P. sayi. ( )iu' peculiarity of the present species is the early union <if the tifth anil sixth stria% well in advance of the interruption of the marginal curve.
Length of elytron, 0"""; breadth, 2.5"""'.
Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14'-)22, (G. J. Ilinde).
m
COLBOPTE'ilA- CABABID.E.
527
Pterostichus fractus. n. 1, Figs. 29, 30.
Closely allied to P. destitiitua, with the same early union of the fifth and sixtli stria?, not shown in the fijyure, but still smaller and with less dis- tinct atrial punctuation, this being indeed very inconspicuous. A single elytron is preserved, with the extreme. apex broken. There is a distinct punctum in the third interspace opposite the union of the fifth and sixth strise, which is just before the break. The interspaces are flattened, as in P. destitutus, and the intimate structure of their surface is exactly as there, except in showing scarcel}'' any sign of reticulation.
Length of fragment, 4..5"'™; breadth, 2""".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontfirio. One specimen. No. 14532 (G. J. Hinde).
Pterostichus destructus.
PI. 1, Fig. 46.
A couple of elytra, from each of which the entire apex is broken, closely resemble P. patruelis Dej in shape and sculpture, but represent a species a little larger than it. The sutural stria is exactly as in that species, and the striie are finely impressed and without punctures ; tlie interspaces would appear to be flatter than in P. patruelis, and the third interspace does not api)ear to have tlie three punctures found in that species, but only the central one. Tlie color is blackish castaneous.
Length of one fragment, -'$.5""'; probable length of elytron, 4.7.5™"; width of same, l..'y""'. Length of another fragment, 3.8"""; width, 1.45™"".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14519, 14549 (G. J. Hinde).
Pterostichus oelidus.
PI. 1, Figs. 52, 59-61.
Lnrandnis gcHdiis Scmld., Bull. U. S. (!ool. Geosr. .Siirv. Turr., Ill, 7G:?-7()4 (1877).
Tlie following fragments of this species have been examined : A very nearly perfect elytron, but badly cracked and pressed apart ; the greater part of another; parts of three united segments of the al)domen ; the pro- thorax slightly cracked ; and a portion of one of the mandibles. A species
528
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
/ sl-
18 )iulieatL>(l of about the same size as P. hudsonicus \joi\ and closely reseiiil)liiij»'it. The elytra are ])iceoiis, with a nietallic-hluo reflection; there are nine distinctly and rather deeply and equally impressed stria-, rather faintly and not very profusely punctate ; the interspaces ap|)ear as if minutely cracked, and with a sinudation of excessively faint and small fovea' throu<>:liout, while the third has a more distinct, though still rather shallow and rather lar^e fovea considerably behind the middle of the apical half uf the elytra ; a scn-ond fovea appears in the third intersj)ace, as far from the apical fovea as that is from the apex, but it is situated laterally, encroachinpf on the stria next its inner side. It is perhaps due only to an excess of the siniidafinff fovea- that there is ai)parently a row of approximated punctures, (piite like those of the nei'Ji'hborin},'' stria', for a very short distance between the base of the sixth and seventh stria-. 'I'he first stria turns outward next the biise, to make room for a scutellar stria. 'I'he obli(piely cut mar' inal fovea- aj^ree with tiiose of P. nudsonicus. 'I'he prothorax is (piadn-.e, the front mar<rin very slijj;htly anj^led, the sides broadly rounded, fulIe^.t ante- riorly, with an ex(-eedin<;ly slij^ht median sulcus (indic-ated by a slender crack), an<l more distinct posterior subhiteral sulci (indicated by wider cracks), and between which the hind border is scarcely convex. The sur- face of the prothorax is smooth ; the abdonu'U is also smooth. The part of the mandible remaininjj is only the basal " molar" portion, armed with six or seven mannnilate conical teeth, or rather transverse ridj^es.
Lenjiftliof elytron, 5.75"""; breadth, •->"'"'; length of prothorax, 2.25"'"'; breadth, 3.5"'"' : breadth of abdomen, 2.-_'5'""'.
The species diflers from I*, htidsonicus in the shaj)e of the prothorax (if that belongs here), i)roader stria-, and less convex elytra.
Interglacial clays of Scarbont Heights, near Toronto, Canada. Sev- eral specimens, among others Nos. 145'_M, 1641H (G. .1. Ilinde).
PtKKoSTICIU'S L.KVlGATrs. I'l. 1, I-'iRs. ;}, 4.
I'lrronliihiiii InriiiiitiiH Hiirn, iiinl.
/'/(•n)Wir/iH« M|>. Iliirti, 'rr;iii.s. AiiH'r. Kill. Sim'., V, 'iVA (1^71!).
" FVagMicnts of two elytra. Klytra striate, stria- inii)Mii('tured, inter- vals moderately convex, smooth.
"A species api)arentl\' of the size of coracinus or stygicus is indicated,
i i
COLEOPTERA-OAUAUID.K.
529
but without more material it seems unnecessary to name it, or guess as to its affinities." Horn, loo. cit.
Besides the two elytra referred to al)ovo Dr. Horn has sent me attached to the same card anotlun- elytron, hetter preserved, but with tlie apex lacking; the chitinous portions of tlu- othc fragments perfectly resemble this, and tiiere can sc^arcely be any doubt tluit thoy l)elong together. This now fragment is of a piceous color. There are nine striii-, counting the one next the outer edge; the interspaces are <»..')""" broad, moderately- convex, smooth, l)ut with transverse impressed lines at very irregular and rather infrecpient intervals, which can hardly be due altogether to preser- vation, as they seldom or never cross continuously two contiguous ijiter- spaces ; the strijc are deep, faintly margined at the bottom, but in none .f them, nor in any of those in the specimens described by Dr. Horn, can I discover the slightest sign of punctures.
Length of this elytron (fragmentary), G.S'""' ; breadth of same (com- plete), 'i..')"'"' ; width of the two contiguous elytra, 5..5""".
With this additional knowledge it seems worth while to restore the name Dr. Morn once thought of employing.
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
PTEROSTICIIUS? sp.
PI. 1, Fig. r,.
PlerostichuH r sp. Horn, Trans. Aiiicr. Ent. Sov., V, l>.»:t (1876).
"The greater portion of two elytra with the basal and apical ends wanting, indicate a form of larger size than an\- of our eastern species of Pterostichus. The elytral substance is in extremely bad state, being wrinkled and cracked in such a manner as to render a description ot its sur- face impossible. It may be a Lophoglossus." Horn, loc. cit.
There are eight strii^ besides that at the outer edge ; the interspaces are ().42""'' in width, more flattened than in P. hevigatus, broken into innu- merable fragments, like sun-dried nfud, resulting in a dead-black color, but with no indications that the surface was otherwise than quite smooth. The length of one of the elytra (the base broken) is 10""" ; its width (complete) 3.2.')"""
Bono caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
VOL. XIII u4
530
TERTIAKY INSKvJTS OF NOKTIi A.MKUICA.
PATROBUa Mt'Keilo.
PaTRIHU'S (IKLATUS. n. I, Fip. 4S.
Of tills HpecioH tlio only romniriH tuv a Hiu<f|e protlionicic .shiold per- fectly preserved. It ix pioeoiiH, posteriorly triinnito, its angles rectangulur . and as broad as the length : in advance of the hinder fourth expanding to nearly one-fourth greater width in the middle of the anterior half, and then again narrowing to the declivous tVonl angles; the disk convex with a uni- forndy and rather dt>eply incised median line, each lateral half thus divided marked posteriorly l»y an al)rupt flat and punctate depression, with well marked rounded ttutline, distinctly separated from the median incision on one side or the very narrow, marginate, lateral border on the other, aiul separated from the latter als(» by a loiigitiulinal furrow not figured in the plate; otherwise the surface is sniooth. It is undoubtedly related very closely to P. septentrionis Dej., ditl'ering principally in the sharp and sud- den depression of the fossje in the hind angles and their separation from the lateral border by a distinct incised longitudinal furrow.
Length of prothorax, 2.1"""; greatest l»readth, 2.75""".
Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14.')H6 (G. J. Hinde).
liKMlUDH'M Latreille.
HeMIUIHUM EXOI-KTt'M.
I'l. 5, Figs. 121, lau. Itembidium rrokliim SrmM., Hull. ['. S. (Icoj. (icour, Siir\ . TiTr., 11, 77-7'' (I87f)).
A single, rather well preserved specimen, exhil)itiiig the upper surface and impressions of parts of the legs. It is of about the size (»f H. in.T(piale (Say). The head is too poorly pre.served to present any characters; tluf pronotum is of equal width anteriorly and posteriorly, its sides regularly and considerably convex, the posterii)r angles well defined, the liind margin slightly convex ; its surface appears to be very iainf ly punctulate, at least posteriorlv, and there is a slightly inij)resse(l median line. The elytra are shaped as in H. ina-quale, and are provided with seven or eight very deli- catelv inipres.sed Idiigitiidinal striic, made up apparent of a series of ad-
f
m
COIii:oi»TKUA OAUABID.K.
581
jacent punctures; tlie sutuml o(l<?e i« doliciitoly inttrjtrinato. Tlio frajy- uientH of logH kHow Himply that tlioy aro of the form UHual in Bemhidium.
Length of insect, 4.75"""; of pronotiini, O.KK"'"' ; width of same in the
niiddlo, 1.2"""; of saine at the po.st(Tior horder, 1 ; «.f the body at the
humoral p(»rtion of the elytra, \.i\' ; of same at the middle of the elytra,
'i.oe'"™; length of the elytra, i.H ; cf fore feniora, O.'.KI"""; l)readth of
Hanie, 0.24"""; length of hind fenu)ra (f) 0.i>2"""; breadth of same, (),3(i""»; distance apart of the elytral 8tria% 0,11""°.
White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen, No. ;')4 (W. Denton).
BkMHIDIITM G1.A( iatum. ri. 1, Fig. 40,
A couple of elytra represent this species, which seems to be nearly allied to the scarcely smaller 11 longulinn LeC. The humeral angle is not quite 80 prominent, and the striiu and punctures are niore heavily marked. The stria' are indeccl rather deeply impressed and equally ho over the whole width of the elytron, but all become less pronounced and even obsolescent apically ; the same is true of the punctures which on the basal half of the elytra are very heavy, making transverse ci-eases in the neighboring inter- spaces, s(» that they are rather transverse than longitudinal or even circular. The sutural stria is as in H. longulum, and the texture of the surface of the interspaces, instead of being as in the modern species almost structureless, is marked with a fine but decided cross-ribbing, verging upon reticixlation. The color is a rich carbonaceous with a purplish tinge.
Length of elytron, 3.2"""; width, 1.35""".
Interglacial clays of Scarl)()ro, Ontario. Two specimens, NoM. 14536, 14541 (G. J. Hinde).
liEMBinUTM FRACMKNTUM.
IM. 1, Fig. t5.
Another species of liembidium from the glacial clays is represented by a single elytron with the tip broken off, differing from the preceding by its nuu!h less heavy markings and agreeing better among modern types with H. constrictinn Say, which is of about the same size. The elytron is black, with a remarkal)ly little di^volopod humeral angle (though this is exagger-
I
682
TKHTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKUICA.
i|
If i
it ;
atcd in the pinto liy an uiifortuimti' twist in tlio Hpocinion) uikI with Mv'uv ulnioHt wholly inji(K' u|) of tolt'rahly hciivy circnlur pnncturt'«, which t'ado out on the apical half of the elytron and aro ohsoleHcent on thu Hidu8. It iH abont an heavily niarkol as M constrictinn.
Lcnjfth of frajfujent, 3.(i"""; pnthaldc length of elytron, 4"""; itri breadth. 1 4r)""».
Inter;;lacial clays of Scurboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14501) (G J. Uinde).
NKHIMA Latreillo.
Ni:ilKIA I'AI.KOMKLAS.
ri. 2, Fiji. -'<». ffrhria paltomrhin SeaiU., Ri<p. Prngr. Omil, Siirv. Ciiii., H77-187fl, I7;ll« (IH7UV
A nearly perfect elytron with the humeral auj^le brokiMi off repronentH a carabid, probal)ly related to Nebria. A specie.s is intlicated which is of aliout the size of N salillx-rixi Kis'di. The elytron is about tw(» and a half times lonjrer than l»roail ; the siuface is nearly smooth, piceoua, with nine stria', which are rather deeply impressed, mid a scutellar stria, which unites with the first lon<.Mtiulinal stria at aliniit one-sixth the distance* from the base, in sncn a way as to make it appe.ir eipiajly forked in passing;' toward the b;ise, its outer tork strikinj"' close to the base of the second lonj^itudinal stria; the fifth and sixth stria' are united to t ! h other and to tiie united third and fourth stria-, near the a|»ex, by a wavy continuation of the sixth, after it has bent toward the fifth in runnin;;' ])arallel to the seventh, as it curves toward and runs to the tip of the elvtroii; the ninth stria, which forms the edije of the elytron as it is preserved, shows no a|)pearance what- ever of ocellate puiu'tures, althouifh under the microscope some of the central stri.e show slijrht sig-ns of faintly indicated punctiu'es near the middle of the elytron.
Len<j:th of elytron, .5.2""": breadth. 1.8""".
Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Oolumliia. (Jne specimen, No. 58 (Dr. G. M. iMwsou, Caiuidian Geolojjical Survey).
COLKOPTKUA-CAKABID.E.
538
LOKirKK'A Latioillo.
LORICRUA OLACIALIH.
PI. 1, KitfH. 50, 57.
Lorlcnn glaciaUi .-(cinlil., Bull. ir. S. (IdoI. aoojjr. Siirv. Turr., Ill, 703 (1H77).
Of thiH HpocioH a pair of olytru urn prosorvod nearly (-omploto, but crackod ami flattciuMl soinowhnt out of HJiiipc. Ir in iillietl to L. cteru- loscciis F,., l)uf, (litVcrs from it iiml fn»m nil other American HpecioHof Loricnra ill tlu! mucli ^rreater depth of the Mtria> mid in the presence of distinct suhmarfrinul fovea-. The elytra are of a >ilisteiiinji'. somewhat blue-black color. The «triie are Htronjjly impressed, faintly tlioiij-h rather coarsely and profusely pnnctidate, the third interspace with three small, distinctly but not deeply impressed fovea', arranj;ed as in \,. ea'rnlescens, two near each other just above the middle of the elytra, iind <me behind the middle of the apical half; fifth interspace sometimi- turiiished with a pair of very faint f(tvea' near the middht of tlu! elytra, mmh as in I . decempunctata Esch , about as far from each other as from the sutin-al border; and finally the ninth interspace, different frou) all the species of Loricera I have been able to examine, has ei},Hit or more small but distinct and deep fovejB, mostly situated in the apical half of the .ilytra, smnetimes connec^ted by oblique ridges with the next stria within. The interspaces are cvos.sed by very fine wrinkles, scarcely visible with a simple lens. Seen on the under surface each of the punctures of the striit are surrounded by a circle reaching to the circles around the adjoining punctures, reminding one some- what of the up[>er surface of Elaphrus. The elytra are shaped as in L. decempunctata, particularly at the apex.
Length of elytron, 4.4'""'; breadtii, 1.6""",
Interglacial clays, Scarboro Heights, near Toronto, Caruida. Two specimens, Nos. 16416, 1G417 (G. J. Ilinde).
Loricera ? lutosa. PI. 1, Fig. 32.
A single elytron in a perfect .state of preservation. It is almost two and a half times longer than broad, scarcely broader in the middle than at the base, the humeral angle roundly angulated. There are ten series of very coarsely punctured strife, the four inner running almost to the apical
I
534
TKKTIAUV FNSKCTS OF NOHTH AMHKIdA.
]■
n !'
niarfflii, tlu' otliors, li(»\vov('r. ciirviii'; inward tti al)uf against them, the (tuti'i'iiiost meeting the innermost at the apex: the elevated narrow inter- sj)aces smooth and shining : the wlioh' piceous.
This can liardly he referred to l^oricera, Itiit I ean Hnd no other genus with which it hetter agrees. I am inehned to the l)chet' that it will h;' found to belong to an extinct type of Loricerini There seems to he, as there, a faint internal plica, hut the specimen is broken only at just this ]»oint.
I.engtli of elytron, 3.3""": l)readth, 1.4"'"'.
Clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario, Canada. One specimen, No. 14509 (G. J. Hinde.)
KLAI'HHl^S Kabricius.
f?
fl
i »i
ElAIMIKI'S IRl{K(il'l,ARIS.
ri. 1, Via. ."■)<;.
An elytron oidy is |)re.served, whicii 1)\ its surface sculj)ture appears to resemble E. viridis, of California (whi<'li 1 liavi' not seen), more than any other, though in size it agrees better with E. rij)ariiis i> .d E. ruscarius, the nearest allied of the species I have examined, 'i'he elytron is distinctly slenderer tlian in these latter species, with the middle scarcely, if at all, wider than the base, but with entirely similar apex. Surface uniformly |>unctured, the pn"ctures coarser than in E. riparius, with ill-defined obscure fove;e, the basal one of the .second series from the suture being the <>ii]\' one as distinct as in E. riparius : spaces between the fovea' vemarkal)ly (?hnat(Ml, forming longitudinal, more or less torfiuuis ridges which are highest (and rarely poli.shed) in longitudinal dashes as long as the diameter of the fovea- .md in the same lines with them, i. e., bet .veen fovea- of the same htngitudinal series Jind not in the interspaces between the .series. It is in these elevated spaces that its relationship to E. viridis especially appears, and tiieir irregularity, through their nK»re or less tortuous connecting, less elevated ridges, which has suggested the name. C(»lor dull picemis. with faint dark metallic gre<»n reflection, which is ipiite distinct on tlie inflected margin.
Length of elytron, 4."»'"'" : breadth, 1..')""".
Clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One speeiineu, No. 14527 (G. J. llir.de).
!•!
COLEOPTERA— OARABIDJi.
535
NEOTITANES gen. nov. (v,'oi, 9^-tjaKco).
Allied to Carabus, an<' Vtclonging' to tlie same tribe, Garabini. It differs from it ill some marked ioatures of the head, but agrees better with it than with the Cyclirini, in which it was formerly placed. The head is unusually broad and short, the width between the base of the not very prominent round eyes being nearly tivice as great as the length from t'.r^ center of the eyes to the margin of the labrum, while the burial of th- ix ' 1 in the pro- thorax up to the base of the eyes renders the brevity n <re ivpiarent; the labrum is entire, its bas just in front of the insertion of the auicinnfe ; man- dibles shorter and stouter than in Carabus and Calosoma, arcuate, untoothed; tip of maxillic just as stout as (though probably thinneu t'^an) the apex of the mandibles. The head does not appear to be constricted beliind the eyes, though Ijut little of that portion can b'; seen in the single specimen which preserves this part. Prothorax and elytra as in Carabus, excepting that the latter iiave no foveas whatever, and the very numerous stria?, are straight and tne interspaces smooth and unbroken.
Nkotiianes testeus.
PI. 7, Fiss. 32, 39.
Cyehriis teHteuf Scmld., Bull. U. S. Gcol. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 758-759 (1878).
This species was first described from the less perfect and more obscure specimen of the two now before me. The becter presorvition of the second, with its thorax and other parts^, shows that the s|)ccies should be placed in the Carabini rather than in the Cychrini. The stout and untoothed mandi- Ijles leave I'o d'ubt on this point.
The pronobtim is broadest somewhat in advance of the middle and tapers wl4b about equal rapidity toward the front and toward the base, so that the ba.He ist wwiewhat narrower than the front, the external angles well rounded ; the front margin is nearlv, the hind margin quite, straight, the foniier scarcely angula.t«^ in the middle, the lateral angles slightly produced ante- riorly; ^K'.ro is a faint median carina, more pronounced in the middle, but otherwi.se the th(rt-ax ap])ears to be tolorabl}' smooth, though laterally the head is longitinliiially subrugulose. The elytra have the humeral angle well rounded off anrl tiie ti}) angulate; the striai are close and crowded to the number of about t»renty-tive on each elytron, sharp and clean, but
536
TERTIARY INSECTS OV NORTH AMERICA.
rather shallow, and with scarcely the slightest sign of any uncertainty of direction or waviness of course such as is common in theCarabini; nor do they combine and divide, but are equidistant and ])arallel thronf;hout, the interspaces smooth and not imbricated.
Length of body to tip of mandibles, 1 1"'"' ; length of head from posterior edge of eyes to front of clypeus, 1.25'""'; of prothorax, 2.1.5'""'; r.i' elytra, 7™""; width of head between the eyes, l.T""'; of prothorax in front, 2.75'"'"; at wid(\st, ;$.5"'"' ; at base, 2.5'""' ; of elytra, 4.8'""'.
Green Kiver, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 24 (L. A. Leo), 4069 and 4100 (S. IL Scudder).
CYCHRUS Fabricius.
CvCHRrs WHKATLEYI.
I'l. 1, Fie. 1.
Cychriii tcheatlri/i IIor?i. Tniiis. Aiuer. Kiit. Soo., V, 'i\'i (1876).
" Of this species I have before me :> flattened thorax, all the actual sub- stance of the upi)er surface being preseiit in moderately good ])reservation, and the large portion of a. left, elytron <»f which but a small portion of the substance remains.
"The thorax although flattened bears evidence of having the disk moderately convex, the median line distinct, the transver.se basal impression rather deep and the lateral uiargiiis l)i(»ad. wider at base and retlexetl. The hind angles are obtuse and not jn-olonged. the l)a.se being moderately emar- ginate. The sides are moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed toward the base, the widest jjortion of the thorax l>eing slightly in front of the mid- dle. A species is thus indicated re.sembling viduns but smaller, not exceed- ing in size the average sj)e('iinens of andrewsii.
" The elytra are tinely striat«-, the intervals moderately c(»nvex and apparently smooth, the stria- with moderate punctures not as closely placed as in any species on this side of the rontinent. The stri.c iire as numerous as in viduus or andrewsii.
"Thorax.— Width, .24 inch, .G' : leiigtii, .16 inch : 4""".
" Elytra (restored).— Width, .4S inch: 12"""'. Length, .6<j incli; 16.5""",
Hone caves of Port Kennedy, I'c^nnsylvania.
"1 think there is very little doubt oi tlic diHtinctne»H of this species
1
COLI<X)'^TEI{A— CARABIDiE.
587
from iiny at ))r(3sent existing, but it may be inferred that it is the species to wliich our viduus must look for its ancestry.
" 1 liavft nainerl tlie si)ei'i«\s in lionor of Mr. Charles >[. Wheatley, of PhdHi.willc, to whom \\i' arc indebted for the e.\j)h)ration of tlie locality in wliicli the Fossil insects were discovered." Horn, loc. cit.
Includini!^- the stri;u next the margins of the elytra there appear to be fourteen in all ; the two outer ones are obscure and those upon the disk are Ht an average distance apart of 0.37")""" ; the stria; appear to be faintly punct- ured and the punctures as distant as the stria- ; the intervals between the striic arc broken by ii'regular impressed lines producing a tuberculate ap- pearance but otherwise smooth. The disk of the prothorax is considerably more <piadrate and proportionally broader than in the species of (Jychrus with which Dr. Horn compares it. Indeed, I was at first inclined to believe that the lateral lamellate rim was narrow and e(pud tln-oughout, and there- fore to place tlie insect in Calosoma (in the neighborhood of the species sometimes referred to Callistheiies) ; but ;i renewed study in company with Dr. Horn shows that this is a mistake, and that the rim broadens greatly behind, leiiving a somewliat sliidd-shnped disk as in Cychrus viduus.
l.eiigtli of thorax, ,'{.r.'""' ; breadth of same, 6"™; breadth of elytron, gmm. i(>„„.ti, ,,f fragment preserved, 12.75"™.
Bone caves of Port Kenned)-, Pennsylvania.
(Jychrus minok. V]. 1, Fig. -2.
Cilthnin (minor I Horn, Tram*. AmtT. Eiit. .Soc, V, 243 (1870).
" Two tragmentai\- elvtra of ^mailer size than the preceding [C wheatlevj] aftord tlie only groundwork for the name above suggested. The stria are line and witii fine punctures, the intervals feebly convex, evidemth- slightly rugulose, and probably, also sparsely punctulate An impressiiMi wf the scutelhun renuuiis which is broadly triangular, and not difierfiif in fonmi fmni tliat of audrewsii.
"Khtra (restored). I.ength. M inch; i;3.,V""'. Width (actual), .15
"Tlio tnrm is therefore almost exacth- that of andrewsii." Horn, loc.
cit.
There is a sliglit bluisli c;ist to th" black chitinous parts of tiie elytra
538
TKRTIAKY 1NSE(^TS OF NORTH AAfERlOA.
I iiave examined ; the punctures of the stria* are about as far apart as two- thirds the vvidtli of tlie interspaces ; tlie latter are 0.25""' wide and are barely convex, slightly rugulose, and so far as I can determine not at all punctulate ; the length of the fragment of one elytron is 10.5""", the width of the same elytron, 4.25""".
Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania.
J.
i|i
I I'
•^*
DIPTERi^ Linnet.
Baron R. von Osten Sacken and Mr. Edward Burgess have given me much assistance in perplexing points while studying the Diptera here recorded.
DIFTERA CYOLORHi^PHA Brauer,
Family LONCH^CID^C Loew.
LONCH^A Falh'n.
LONCH^EA SKNESCENS. PI. 3, Fig. 18. Lonchm leneseetii Scudd., Rep. Progr. Gcol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 277-278 (1877).
A portion of the body (excluding the head) too fragmentary to be of any v.alue and a pair of expanded wings faintly impressed on the stone com- pose the remains of the single individual of this species. The wings are rather slender, obovate and well rounded, with the neuration of Lonchsea vaginalis Fall., us given by Westwood in Walker's " Diptera Britannica," excepting that the basal cells do not appear to be quite so large in the fossil specios, and the fourth longitudinal vein is slightly more arched beyond the larger transverse vein ; the costal vein is bristly ; the wing appeal's to be hy<aline, but there is an indication of a slight infumation along the larger transverse vein ; it is covered with excessively tine microscopic hairs, which also cover all the veins with a delicate pubescence ; with this exception the first longitudinal vein is bare ; the larger transverse vein is slightly oblique, aiul l)ut little larger than the portion of the third longitudinal vein lying between the two transverse veins.
Length of wing, 4.6""" ; breadth of same, l.S"".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 17, Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada.
It.
540
TEBTIAUY INHICCTS OF NORTH AMERICA. PALLOPTERA fallen.
Palloptera mohticina.
PI. .J, Fig. 15.
Palloptera morlioma Scmld., Rnp. Prot?r. Oool, Siirv. Can., 1875-1870, 278 (1877).
An iiuUstiiij^iiisli.'ible oriislied mass of dutino and tlio busal half or more of H sin<jfle \viii<r are all tliat remain of this (iroatiiro. Tlu; \vin<«' is small and probably was not ovor thrm' millimeters Ion;;' ; hyaline, with a slight infu- mated spot of ('oiisiderable size in tiie middle of the wing between the two transverse veins ; the basal eells are small ; the auxiliary vein is very slight, and thronghout very closely approximated to the (irst longitndinal vein ; the latter appears to be short and nearly straight, ban' of bristles, l)nt pnbes- cent like the rest of the wing; the costal vein is bristly, but like all the others is pale testaceous; the small transverse vein lies within the tip of the first longitndinal vein ; the large transverse vein is straight and perpendic- ular to the costa, removed from the small transverse vein by donble its own length.
Length <*f fragment of wing, 2.1.')""".
Quesnel, British ('ohinil)ia. One specimen. No. 20 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
Family ORTALlD>E Fallen. LTTHORTAIJS Hcudder.
LithorlaliH SruOd., Hop. I'rogr. Gcol. .Siirv. Can., 187.'.-1676, 27C-277 (1877).
This ortalid 'an certainly not be referred to any of the American genera mentioned bv Loew. It is most closely allied to Ceroxvs, l)ut besides a different distribution of the spots the neuration of the wing varies so nnich from that of Ceroxys as to render it certain that it should l)e separated from it. The shape of the wing is much as in (Ceroxys, espcicially as in C camis Loew, to wiiich it is also most nearly allied in markings; the first longitnd- inal vein has bristles upon its end only, and even here they are few and small ; the fourth longitudinal vein is ciu'ved backward a little, and the pos- terior angle of the third basal cell is not at all produced . the third and foiu'th longitudinal veins diverge at their tips, while the second and third converge. In Ceroxys the auxiliary runs besitle the first longitudiinil vein
DIPTERA— OllTALIDJi:.
541
for soMH' (li.stiinc(i hikI tlioii siuliluuly curveH, almost bends upwiinl. In liitliortalis tli<; .seiiiimfum U f^riuliiiil and not abrupt. In Coroxys the snuill tninHvorsse vein lies below or ontside the tip oC the first longitudinal vein; in fjithortalis it lies within it. In the pattern of the markings also it differs from Cero.xys in that there are no spots whatever before the larger trans- verse vein, excepting that the stigma, or the space lying between the auxil- iary and first longitudinal veins, is testaceous.
LlTHORTAUS PICTA.
IM. a, Figs. 10, IC. Lilkortalh piola Soudd., Uop. Progr. Oeol. Surv. Can.. 1875-1876, 277 (1877).
The thorax, part of the abdomen, and both wings of the single specimen preserved show the upper surface of the body with expanded wings. The abdomen is without markings. The wings are very well preserved, the apex slightly angidated between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the costa nearly straight on its basal half, strongl}- convex beyond ; the stigma occupies the entire space between the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins and is dark castaneous, deepi-'uing toward the costa to blackish fus- irous ; the costal vein is blackish fuscous ; the other veins are luteo-testa- ceous, deepening to blackish fuliginous next or in the spots ; the other spots are dark fuliginous, deepening toward the veins or the margin, and consist of a narrow belt following the larger transverse vein and of confluent spots at the tips of tluj sec(»nd, third, and fourth longitudinal veins, forming a nar- row marginal l)elt from just Ijelow the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein to half-way between the tips of the first and third longitudinal vein,s, broad- ening slightly at the extremities of the veins in rapidly narrowing shoots, which follow the veins a short distiuu-e.
Length of thorax and fragment of al»domen, 3""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.2.')"""; breadth of abdomen, 1.5""": length of wing, 5"™ ; breadth of same, 1.75""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. Otie specimen. No. 5 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
542 TKUTIARY INSECTS OK NOltTU AMKUICJA.
Family SCIOMYZIDyE Fallen.
SCIOMYZA Falk^n. , ^
SCIOMYZA RKVKLATA. ri. ,5, VigH. .'{-«.
Sciomii:n rriclala Sciuld., Kcp. Pro^r. UpoI. Siir* . Can., !e7ri-le7r., •,'75-','7t'. (Is77): |i<7fi-lH77, iM-
459(1878).
Threo speoiiuons aro to ho roforred to tin's species. Althoujjli each of them is rather imperteet, the collocatioii of the t'nigmeiits eiiahles us to recon- struct all parts of the wiu'r. The head was ahout one-Ht"th the size oi* the thorax ; the thorax broadly vaulted, abruptly arched in front, somewhat depressed above; the winfja were a little more than twice as lon^jf as broad with the costal border ffoiitly arched, the apex slifjhtly nufynlated and the lower margin pretty rej^ularly convex, bent but rounded at the axillary angle; the membrane and the castaneoiis veins as well are covered not very profusely with delicate micro.scopic hairs, distributed with great regularity and about 0.(V2"'"' apart; the costal vein is setose throughout the npper margin, and extends to the fourth longitudinal vein, although it is but faint at the extreme tip or on the lower tlnrd of the space between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the auxiliary vei;i is weak, i)ut distinctly separated from the lirst longitudinal vein from its very base, terminating at the middle of the l)asal half of the costa; the transverse shoulder vein is exactly transverse, very faint, and lies a little beyond the base of the basal cells; the first longitudinal v i'lu is bare save the pubescence, and a|)parently terminates just within the small transverse vein; the latter lies as far before as the large transverse vein lies beyond the middle of the wing and is mid- way between the basal cells and the large transverse vein ; the second and third longitudinal veins are nearly .straight, slightly sinuous and sub])arallel throughout, but at their tips diverge from each other; the third longitudinal vein is regularly though but .slightly arched beyond the small tran.sverse vein, and strikes the very apex of the wing: the fourth longitudinal vein is made up of three perfectly straight subecpial parts, slightly b(;Mt at the transverse veins: the larger transverse vein is straight, nearlv perpendic- ular to the costa; it is about half the length of the middle portion of the fourth longitudinal vein, and its lower extremity is nearer the margin of the wing ( following the course of tlw' fifth longitudinal vein) than its own
DIPTKHA— S01OMYZID.1J.
64:}
loajftli; tlio liftli louffitiulinal voiii is loHt just beforo reiiclung tho inurfjfin iind tho sixth juuh half-way to it; the socoiid and tliiid loiijfltudinal voiiiH separate jiiHt over tlie extremities of the hiiuiU biwal coIIh, and originate from a transvei-HO vein whicli unites the rtrat and fourth lonjifitudinal veins before the middle of the basal cells.
Length of the wing, 4.5""" ; breadth, 2""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. Three speirlmens, Nos. 2, 42, 43 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
SclOMYZA.' MANCA. PI. 4, Fig. "J; PI. 9, Fi«8. 1-ti, J5, 1(J, 18, '20, Zi, 24, 28, 2!>.
.sVi(>«i//,-« ? manca Soudd,, Bull. V. 8. Oool. Geogr. Siirv. Ton-.. IV, 7r)fl-7.')8 (1H7H).
This Hy, extremely abundant in tl.'e Green Kiver sh.des — in fact out- numbering all tho other Diptera together— is temporarily placed in this genus, because its characters seem to agree better with those of the faniily Sciomyzidiu than of any other ; yet it can not properly be placed in any of tiie genera known to me. I should be inclined to place it near Blepharop- tera in the Ilelomyzida^ but all the tibiae are bristled throughout. Its gen- eral appearance is that of the Ephydrinidjc, but the bristly surface of the middle tlbiie would allow us to plare it only in the Notiphilina, from which it is excluded by the want of pectinations on the upper side of the antennal bristle. The want of complete neuration prevents me from designating it at present by a new generic name, which it can hardly fail to recpiire as soon as that is known; only two or three of the three-score specimens before me have any important part of the wings, and this (;onstant frag- mentary condition of the fc^sils has suggested the specific name. The genus in which it would fall maybe partially characterized as follows: Body compact, stout; tiie head comparatively small, |)erhaj)s one-third the bulk of the thorax, about three-fourths its width, with large, naked eyes, the front between them nearly ecpial and pretty broad, oblicjuely sloped, and slightly tumid on a side view, so as to project considerably below : a few ci.rved bristles project from its summit. Anteinia- with the tlagelluui subgloboio. scarcely longer than broad, nnich larger than tl:e joints of the scape, and above bearing at its tip a curved, rather short, naked, tapering .style, scarcely longer than the flagellum proper jind l)luntly pointed : in several specimens in which this ]>art is pretty well preserved this i.s inva-
r)44
TKUTIAUV INSKOTS Ol' NOUTIl A.MKHICA.
riably itH chumcttM', iiiul no tcniiiiiiil tlirciul ciiii l)o xuon iti luiy of tliciii, nor any indimtion of joints in tlu* .stylf ;. this hrcvity of the styh' Hccins to
ho iu'(
I'
nl
lai'.
As fi
.f tl
iv as 1 1 10 ncMinition nl tlio wnij; can lie made on
t (tl
K'lO
nnist remain some doiiht upon tin's point nntil Itcttcr examples iire iliseov- ered) tlio ei>urHe of the auxiliary vein <"in not he delerniiiicd . the first h>nj;itndinal vein appears to eml hefore the inidille of the costal Ixinhr ; the Heeond ori;>'inateH abruptly front the niiddh of the first lon<jitniiinal vein, and terminates (eertairdy ) only a little way before the tip of tin- winj; ; the third runs very nearly p.nallel to the seeond l(iM;;itU(linal \ein, Irrmi- nates at the tip of the win;,'', and is perhaps conneeted hv a i ro>s-veiii \vith the foiu'th longitudinal vein seareely within the extremity of the first lon;^i- tndinal vein; the fourth h»n<>;itiulinal vein ori^^inates from tlif filth or sixleli a little before the ori;^iu (tf the seeoml lonj^itudinal xciii, diveryvs rapidly from the third beyond this eonneetion, and is iirciiatr, enrviiiL;' upward afjain before reaehin;; the posterior border ,iiid nmnini; outward to tht- outer border: the fifth lou'ritmlinal vein (muxcs still more stronylv fr«»iu the fourth, until it reaehes the middle of tli. .osterior liordcr, to which it suddenly drops, and scarcely above which it is united \iitli the fourth lon^dtudinal vein by a Ion;;, oblitpu' cross-vein. 'The femora arc stout, tlu< front \)i\\v largest at the base; and taperiii;;, the othci' pairs sulie(pial throu;;hout, all arnu'd externally above and Itelow with a row of very deli- cate, nearly strai^^ht spines, the upper row perhaps waidiiiLi' on the middle femora, and the lower row developin;,^ into longer Miid stiO'cr bristles on the apical half of the fore feiufu-a. The tibia' arcc(|unl. a little Ioniser than the femora, lonsiderably slenderer but still rather >i(>ut, furnished alike with several straii^ht, lon^^itudinal rows of uiintite opines, and "U the outer side with three (U- four distant, moderately stout, ioUi^er spines (less prominent on the fore til»ia' than on the other le^s), and at the tip with a cluster or several similar spines or spurs. The tarsi are ver\ nuudi slenderer tiian the tibia-, hui^.'er than tlie\, the otiiei' joint- sIcMdcrcr than the met.itarsus, all profusclv armed with exceedin^ilv delicate spines or spinous hairs, arrau;.''ed iv;,'-ularly in ion^itudin.d rows ; at lip is a pair of very slender, ja'ettN' loll;;-, stron;jI\- <'i;i\ed daws, aufl apparentU a pretty lar;^*' pidsillus. The brevity of the antennal style, tin- len;,Mli of the tirst longitudinal vein of the winsr, the auDroximation of the middle transverse \(in to tl
M'l
10
barie. the sfruiiL'' arcuatiuii of the fourth lon^qtudinai voin. tiie obliquity of
DIITlillA— SCIOMYZIDvE.
545
tilt' postorior, lartf*', tnmsvciMo volii, niid ilH iijipr»»ach lu tlie poHtrrinr miir^iiii, tlic luistly imtiiro <»t flio 1o};h, mid tlio loii^^rli <iiul conipiinitivc nleii- (Icriicss of tlie tiirsi — jill, cxcoptinj^' parts of tho iicuriition, diuractorn opuii to little (|it('stion — n«ii(li>r this Hy peculiar iiinl its exact location soinowliat (liil)i<nis. W'lii'ii, li.(Ut'v»(r. tho iiciiration «>t' tlw wiii;f is sulliciuiilly well known tocnaldc ns ti- nnd rstautl more dctinitoly tlic cliarartor ot' tlu; hasul cells and oilier parts o| the liase ot the wiiiH-, tlic relation of the auxiliary to the lli'st lon;^ntii(Iiiial v(>in, and to map nnipiestionalily the whole course of the fourth lon^fitiidinal vein, we shall pioliahly ho iihle to arrive lit very pr
ocise (!oiiclusions.
In addition to the features above ineiitioiied, ii iiiiiv lie added that the thorax is sulxpuidrate, scarcely lon<,'er tliini broad, tiiriiished with distant, lon}f, curvinj^ liristles disposed in rows, but in no individual well onoUffh prest^'ved to j^ive further details of distribiitioii. Tlu! abdomen is iMimposed of fiv<* visibh*, sulieipial joints; its mass compact, scarcelv coiistrict({d at the base, re<;ul;nly and pretty stroiij^ly arched on a side view, taperinf^ rapidh- on the apical half to a bluntly rounded apex, the surface abun- dantly (dotlied with ratlw^- (hdicate spinous hairs, thos<« at the posterior edge of the segments loiiy<'r, and forming a regular transvernr* row. The motrt- tarsus of tlie middle leg is proportionally longer than in the others, where it is about half as long as the other joints combined
Measurement of avera;;e individuals: !jen«'ili of bodv as curved,
4.2f)"""; of head, O.d.')""" ; of thorax, 1.7'
•f alidomen, 2.2""" : lireadfli of
head, 0.«') ; of thorax, 1 2.")""" ; of abdomen, 1.4'""' ; length of Hagellum
of antenna-, O.K) '; of style, (».!!)"""; of wing, 3.4"'"'?; breadth of same,
1.2"""; leiijrtli of hmiora, 0.7.'')"'"'; of tibia', O.it.'i""" ; of fore tarsi, 0.8.")'""';
of middh^ tarsi, 1..')"""; of hind tarsi, l.G"
of fore metatarsi. 0.4"
middle metatarsi, 0.()4'"'"; of hind metatarsi, 0.4.S' ; breadth of femora.
0.2«"
'; ot tibw, 0.12""": ot metatarsus, O.OS"""; „t tip ot tar.si, 0.0.5"""; length of claws, 0.0!)"""
(Jreen Hiver, Wyoming. Numerous specimens, colh^-ted by ^Ir. F. 0. A. Richardson, Dr. A. S. Packard, I'rof L .\. Lee, Messrs. F. (_!. Mowditch, and S. II Scndder. Station 1() on the White Kiver in western Colorado (Dr. C. A. White)
VOL XIII .'i5
.140
TKItTIAUY INHKCTS OK NM)IITII AMKUICA.
ScioMYZAf 1UH.IK('TA.
( ■■ >
I'l. », V\ii>*. 7, liL', 25, 30, .'»2, 33.
Sriimntaf di4itrlit Hoiiilil.. Hull. V. S. Umil. Oi«i)(r. Hiirv. Torr., IV, 7:>H (1878).
A Hucoiiil M|H)('i(>H, iippiirtMitly of tlio miiiK* jriMiiiH hh tho liiHt iiHtntidiKMl, Itiit siiiiillcr, is toiiixl ill coiisitlfniltlc iiuinlu>rs in tiio hiiiiio ( Iriutii Uivt'i' IumIm, altliuii;>-li ill fill' l«'ss tilMiiultiiicf tliiiii the liiHt. 'V\w wiiij^^H !1|)|h>iii' ft) !>(> propor- tioiiully sliiirtcr tliaii in the lust species, with a nitiier liniader spiu'e hetw^cii tin? veins in the upper half of the win;;, iiK^'eatinj; pttrhaps a hrotuler winj^. The le^fs are slemlerer, the disparity in tht; .stitiii'iess of tht* tihiiv and tarsi is not so jjreat, and tlut tarsi are i)ropt»rtioinilIy shorter; the le;.fs ant also as densely, tlioujfli less eoarsely, spined, and a similar dolicaey is ohservahlo in tlu^ hairiness of tho hody. All tho spoeiinons aro proHisrvod on a side viow, and like the last spocios aro in a fraf^ineiitary t-ondition.
I4eii;,'th of l>ody of an avora^fo individual, 3.2"""; of hoad, (►.5.')'""' ; of thorax, 1.2""': of alxloinen. !.«"'"': of \vin;r, 2. 4"'"' f ; of hind fomorn, 1.2""" ; of hind tibia', 1.1"'"' ; of iniihllo and hind tarsi, I"'"'.
(iroen iiivor, Wyoming. Numerous spocimons by tho mitnu uh tho last spocios.
SciOMY'/A? sp. ri. 10, Vig. 6.
Another speeies of Scioinyza, or perhaps of the same j^onus as tho last- mentioned speeies (for several of its features aro eertuinly ropoatod horo), seems to be repre.sentod by tho insect fi;^urod in PI. 10, Fig. 5, which itt of about the sizi* of 8. maiica, but is more dolicato. It is howovor so iinpor- fect as far as tho head and wings aro concornod that ono can not characitorizo it satisfactorily without bettor material.
Green River, Wyoming. Ono spociinen, No, 18 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
Ill
UirTEHA— IIKLOMY/IM.K.
Family HELOMYZID/E Westwood.
HKTKUOMYZA Knilni.
IIkTKK()MY/,A hknilih. I'l. ;i, VigH. I, L».
Immiiia iirnlU» Hniiilil., Hop. Vrt>HT. (IimiI. Siirv, Can., IH7r>-IH7tl, 'J7:> '.1H77).
mvo
647
III tliiH (^iiHo wo Inivo Ixit a tVii;riiioMt of otiu wiii}^, Imt omt whiith oxhibitH inoHt t)t' tliu |)(HMiliiii-iticH i)t' iiuiii'utii>ii, iiiid, ho tar ax it )(o(3H, vury wull pru- wrvt)(l. 'V\u) wiii;f is slijrlitly discMilorod, lint was apparently liyalino in lifo, i!ov«i"n(l ratlu!!' protuHoly with exiH'odinj^ly dolicato inici'oscopic liairH vvliic.li covor vuiiiH an wull as iiuMiiliraitu ; tliu voiiiH, oxcoptin^' tlio cti.stal, art) toHta- (HHius; tlio costal voin is hlackish fusctus (-ovofod with short bristles, and (txtciiids beyond the third lon<ritiidinal vein, where the winj^ is broken ; the auxiliary vein strikes the costa at about tim end tit' the tirst (piarter, and the nearly strai}{'ht tirst loniritiidinal vein before the middle of the wiu<( ; this latter voiii is ban* or only feebly piibeseont; the sliffhtly sinuous, toward the (extremity 8li<»'htly upturneil, second loii;;itudinal vein divides about equally the space between the costa and the third lon<»'itudinaI vein ; the latter is almost Htraifjht, .scarcely bending to receive the small transverse vein at about the end of its basal third, and terminates at the broadly rounded tip of the winj; ; the small tiMiisv(M'se vein lies just before the tip of the tirst lon<;itndinal vein; the fourth lon^ritudinal vein is nearly straijifht, only bent next the transverse veins -, l)efore the small transverse vein it is parallel and rather closely approximated to the third lon;>'itudinal vein ; beyond, it divta'f^es sli;j;-htly and re;.fularly from it, and beyond the larj^e transverse vein aj^ain liecomcvs parallel to it; only the basal portions of the tifth and sixth longitudinal veins are present, and the extreme base of the winy is lost; but the basal cells are evidently small, and their extremities lie just beneath the union of the .secotul and third lonji-itiidinal veins; tiie \vin<r is broad, ovate, and well rounded ; the costa pretty .stronjrly arched.
Lenfjfth of fraj^meiit, 4""" ; pn)bable length of wing, 4..")""" ; probable .breadth of same, 2""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, Xo. 1 (Dr. (Jr. M. Dawson, Getdogical Survey of Canada).
548
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTU AMERICA.
n
I !i
n !
* ?ir
Hetkromvza dktecta. ri. 5, Fig. 76.
//(■' ri»»i.i/,-(i ilileilti Scndil,, Hull. II. S. (iool. (tHO){r. Siirv. Terr., Ill, T.'.S-T.'iU (1H77).
A siiijrlo spi'ciineu and a very poor revtrso of it occur on the san»o .stone witli Spiiadoniyia simplex. Both winjrs and tlic thorax aro {H'eserved, witii short fVaj.>;iionts <»t' nioi'eratclN stout hairy le^s. The venation is obscure, and the species referred pntvisionally to Ileteroniyza until better specimens decide more certaiidy to which of the jii'roups of Muscida' it l>elonj>s. So far as it can Ik' di'terininec' the veii.ition is very similar to that of the pre- ce<linji' species, liut tiie wiujjf is nnicli smaller, and there is a peculiarity about it which is not (piite clear: at the bend of t!ie costa, indicatinjj^ the termina- tion of the anxihary vein, there ia u short, distinct, obliipie cross-vein nearly in continuation of the base of the costa, but bent slightly downw.ird, which reaches the first longitudinal vein; th.e latter runs close to the ccsta and strikes it abcMit midway between the tip of the auxiliary vein and the tip of the wing; the I'osta ajjparently runs exactly to the tip of the second longi- tudinal vein ; the third and fourth longitiulinal veins run parallel to each other to a very little way beyoinl the extremity of the auxiliary vein, where thev an- united by a short cross-vein, I)eyond which they both diverge from ea'-h otlier in opposing curves, ecpially turned aside from their former course; the tliird longitudinal vein runs to the tip of the wing; the fourth is united h;»lf-wav i>> ilie l)order of th" wing l)y a long obli(pie cross-vein, running at ri"ht angles to the fifth longitudinal vein. The extremity of the basal cells iipparently lies about half-way from the ba.se of the wing to the tip of the anxiliin*v"veiii. but this point is very obscun*.
Length of wing, 1. (!.')' ; breadth of same, O.Ilo"""; length of thorax,
O.T.'i""": breadtli of same. 0.."i.")""".
Chagrin Valley, White Hiver. (.'oiorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Family ANTHOMYID^ Robineau-Desvoidy.
ANTIlO.MYLV Meigen.
.Vnthcmvia inanimat.v. I'l. .{. Fijr. 11).
.tiitlioiHiiui iiiiniiiimlii Sciuld., Kr\i. I'roj;!'. (ii'ul. Siiiv. Can., I^.V187(5, 'J7:i-!J74 (1977).
This species is pnstty well represented by a single individual and its reverse, showing the superior view of the insect with the wings (excepting
DIPTEHA— ANTHOMYID.E.
549
the extreme biise), most of tlu' iiltdomeii, uiid piirts of tliu hoiid, tlionix, and le<>-s. The wiiiffH Mj-e rather narrow and rcpfularly rounded ; the bristl}' costal vein extends to the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein ; the first longi- tudinal vein terminates before the middle of the eostal border, just above tlie small transverse vein ; the auxiliary vein is distinct throughout and remains in dose contiguity with the first longitudinal vein, curving first downward and then upward, and diverging from it only near the tip, and then but little, being separated from it at its tip by scarcely more than the thickness of the coital vein ; the transverse slioulder vein is slightly obli(pie; th(i third l(»ngitudinal veir strikes the tip of the wing, and the second divides the space between this and the costa, ruiming for the greater part of its length parallel to the latter, turrung slightly upward at the tip ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are pretty c.l'^ioiy approximated, aid parallel as far as the transverse vein in the n.iddlc o*' the wing; from this to the large transverse vein they diverge ge uly, and are agam parallel be\ond ; tlie small transverse vein is placed ; very little befoi'c the middle of the wing; the large tninsverse vein is straig. +, nearly perpendicular t.» the costa, its lower extremity distant from the njargi." by about half its own length, its upper extremity dividing, just before the middle, the i)art of the fourth longitudinal vein lying beyond the transverse vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein vanishes just before reaching the border; the two small basal cells are n ■ '"ly e(pial in size, in length al)out midway between the lengths of the two transverse veins. The wing is covered pretty abundantly, veins and nu'inbrano, with delicate microscopic hairs, and appears to be uniforndv hy.diue, though a little fuscous on the stone. The specimen appears to be a male, and the tegula' are distinctly marked, leaving n* doubt that it belong.-; to this group of .Muscida'.
rrol)abIe length of body, (i""" ; length of wing, <).2"""; breadth of same, 2.2.5"""; length of hind til)ia, 1.45""".
Quesnel, British Oolumbia. One specimen, Nos. 30 and o2 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, (ireological Survey of Canada).
Antiiomyia bukgessi. ri. ;J, Fig. 34.
Anthnmyia huriiesHi 8i;ii<M.,Ko)i. I'r()<;r. (ii'ol. Siirv. '>;n., Irf'.Vli^TIi, 'JTI-tiT;") (1877).
The single specimen of this species .«iiows an upper view of the whole b.tdx in a somewhat fragmentarv coidition. The broad and rounded
I
» .■a..»»,.m»^ irrmfc-
550
THIJTIAIiY INSIUTS OK NORTH AMHRU'A.
jiI)il(>nKMi iiulicatos that it is a feinalo. Tlie wings arc uiiifornilv faint t"nli<;inous, but i)n)l)al)ly hyaline in lite, covered with microscopic iiairs over both membrane and veins ; tiioy are short and broad and well rounded; the veins in the upper halt" of the wing are rather darker than those in the lower; the costal vein is bristly and extends to the tip of the fourth longi- tudinal vein ; the stout first longitudinal vein strikes the costal at the middle of the front margin; tiie auxiliary vein a|)pears to be confluent with the llrst longitudinal vein half-way from the base of the wing to the tip of the former; tiuMi, rapidly curving forward, diverges from it, and at its tip is as distant fr(»m the first longitudinal vein as the second longitiulinal is from the third above the short tratisverse vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is slightly curved and a little obli(pie ami lies directly above the base (»f the small basal cells; the direction and relation of the longitudinal veins is the same as in A. inanimata, but the small transverse vein lies slightly beyond the middle of the wing, m) that the divergence (ir parallelism of the veins is more marked than there ; the larye transverse vein is bent slightlv inward in the middle, and its genen.l direction is aliont midway between perpen- dicular to the costa and parallel to the iiiighboring l)order; iis lower extremity is but half as far from the margin of the wing as its own length; its up|)('r divides, a little before the middle, the portion of the fourth longi- tudinal veil! whi''h lies beyond the small transverse vein, but instea<l of being only iialf as long as the portion of the f(»urtl'( longitudinal vein lying between the two transverst' veins, as in A. inanimata, it is vi-ry nearly as long; the fifth longitudinal vein just fails of reaching tiie border, while the sixth oidy runs about two-thirds the distance to the border; the basal cells are moderately large, much as in the preceding species. On one side there are apparently remaiiis of tegiihe, showing tiiat the insect should be referred to this group i>\' Muscida'. The apical third of the hind til)ia is fur- nished abumlantly witii not verv long hairs, while the remainder of the tibia is bare.
Length of Itodv, l.7.'>"""; length of wing, 1.7')"""; bn a<ltli of same, L"'"': length i.f hind tibia'. l.l.V""': length of hind tarsi, 1.2.">'""'.
Named for mv friend .Mr. Kdwaril Murgi-ss, wh >se (critical knowledge of l)i])tera, betort' he tiniii'd Ills attention exclusively lO naval architecture, was i(f the greatest scr\ ice til me.
(^lU'sncl. Ihitish Culnnibia. ( die specimen. No. 2!) (Dr. G. M. Dawson, (•etilogical Sur\cy ur(",inada).
DIPTBUA— MUSCID.i<L 551
Family MUSCIDy^ Leach. MUSCA Linne.
Under tliis liead I hiive temporarily })laced five species of dipterous larvfc which appear to belong- to this family.
Nearly all of them, iiowever, and. especially Musca ascarides, so closely resemble the larv.r of bot-flies that I could scarcely persuade myself that they did not belong to the (Estridfc. The appendages of the skin, how- ever, are much more delicate than is usual in (Estrida*, and are unifonnly distributed over the surface or are altogether absent. The empty skins, too, have every appearance of belonging to the same insects as the com- plete bodies, and, although these are not cast skins (in which case they would be proved natural inhabitants of the water), for they still contain the harder parts of the internal organs In manv cases, but rather remains of partially decomposed larvic, it would seem improbable that so large a number of (cstrid larva* could be found, when the only way in which they could have readied their present condition would be through the droppings of animals aft'ected by the bots standing in tiie water. Of course the refer- ence I have given them is only provisional.
Musca ascarides.
PI. 5, Figs. 74, 75, 79, 82-87. 1)8, 101, ifusra aararides Sciiild., Hull. 11. S. Gpol. Oeos;r. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 7.'i(i-7")7 (1&77).
First there is a species to which a considerable number of specimens belong, wiiich may take the name here given. Some of the specimens are (•(tmplete; others consist of emptied skins only. When contracted the bodv is thick, especially on the anterior half, and about twice as long as broad, closely resembling the larva of a bot-tl}-. Both extremities ai'(> rounded, the anterior very broadly, while the posterior half tapers very reg- ularly. In one specimen, which is not so much shrunken, the body is fusiform, and about three and a half times longer than broad, the iioad and hinder extremity tapering in a nearly equal degree. In the emptied skins, as in tiie others, it may be seen that the normal form is a blunt, s(|uarely rounded head, behind which the body is nearly equal, and then tapers toward the tail. At tlie anterior extremity may be nearly always seen a j)ortion of the mandil)l(>s, consisting of a pair of very slender rods or
y^??''-'^'°*'''qi'gp'''-"«*'^i'g™»«i»i'»*^
91
Hi
f (
I r'>>
I I'
'i\M
552
Ti:i{TiAUY I^^s^:(^\s ok north amkuica.
bliidca (•(iiivorffiii'j aiitfriorly ai'.d tcriiiiiiiitiiij,'' in two jittln^joiit roniuled lobes iittaclit'd to tiic iiiiicr I'dfrc of flio blades 'V\\v anterior spiracles are seen in a sinirje speciiiieu as a siiiiple, rounded, dark spot just outside tlie middle of either lateral half: the two lateral tracheal vessels Mia\- i)e seen in nearly all thi^ spoeiuieus, and (;sp('('ially at the hinder extreniitv, and frajj^nieiits of them are frecpu-ntlv scattered aliout on the stones ; they are very larjre. The intejj^ument is ^^enerally rather dark and more or less blotched, and covered profusely and almost iiniforndy with backward- directed hairs ; these are short, taperinj;-, and moderately stout, thoujih minute.
Leiijjth of contracted bodies. 11.5""": breadth of same, (l.^o""" ; len<;'th of hollies not contracted, 17.")"'"'; breadth of same, .'i.?;')"'"' : lenjith of skins, 2')"""; breadth of same, 7.2.V""' : len<rth of blades of mandibles. ;!.•_».')'""'; diameter of trachea', ().(!"'"' ; of anterior spiracles, 0.4"'"' : distance of latter apart, 2.75'"'".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Several specimens (W. Den- ton).
MrsCA lUHO.SA.
PI. -», Fif;. 7.$.
Miinca hihona Scii.lil., Hull. I'. .S. (ii-nl. (i<");;r. Siirv. Ti-rr., HI, T.'i" (If/T).
Another species is represented by a sini^'le ixxly and one skin and its reverse, which seem to belon^r to the .same. It iscloselv allied to .M. asca- rides, l>ut differs from it in some essential features. When contracted the body does not taper re^>-ularlv from the middle of the front half to the tail, but till' whole hiuiler half is much slenderer than the front and toward the tip has iiearlv parallel sides, so that the body is tlask shaped and about twice as lon;r as broad. A similar, thon^rji not so ahrupt, chaniie of contour is seen in the skin. The structure of the mandibles and of the trachea' may be seen to be the same as in the pn'cedinj.'' species, lint t!ie inte^'^ument is naked, liein^- entirely destitute of any of the hairs wliich roughen the skin of M. a-i<arides.
Len^'th of contracted body. 11""": Ijreadth of same in front, 7.5"""; behind, .■}.75'"'"; leuyrth of skin (a small one), Kl"""; jrreatest breadth of .same, 5.2.5"'"' : len<rth of mandible blade, 2.75'"'" : diameter of irarhea', 0,7;.'
Chaf^rin Valle\-. White River, ( 'nlorido. Two speciineiisf \V 1 *< i;\>i\i}
1/ '.■•
i
hfe
.^
TUPTEUA-MIIHOin.E.
553
^^U8^A sp.
PI. 5, Figs. 100, 108, Musea ap. Sciicld., Hull. II. S. (iiol. (icogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 757 (1877).
A third species is represoiited by three or four contracted skins, which are too uuciiuracteristic to nnine, thoiig-h it may be seen that they are distinct from the others. As preserved tliey are almost bhick ; the skin is much wriidded and smooth ; the body pretty regularly and bluntly obovate, nearly twice as long as broad ; at the end of one, two colorless oval patches lie united, side by side, pressed against the extremity, and doubtless represent the head, and prove it to be different from the other species ; it is, however, impossible to say what its afHuities may bo
Length of body, 8..")""" ; breadth, 4""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. (W. Denton).
MlJSCA IIYDROPICA.
n. A, Figs. 72, i»L', {>,{, 107.
Muica hi/dropica Scn,lil., Hull. 11. S. (Jool. (icogr. Siiiv. Terr., Ill, 757-7,^.8 (1877).
A fourth species is represented by two bodies and a skin, which present an entii-ely different appearance from the preceding three species, but which may temporarily be given the same broad generic name. In this species the form, even wlien contracted, is far more elongated than in the others; the body is nearly <ive times as long us broad, is broadest just behind the roundly pointed head, tai)ers rapidly toward it, but gently posteriorly to the middle, behind which it is e(pial. In the skin' the part of the body preserved is equal and very broad, excepring toward the head, where it rapidly narrows, the head being well rounded or slightly produced ; the mouth parts, instead of being withdrawn a little fiv^iu the front extremi'^y of the Ijody, as in the species already described, lie at its very boundary, and the blades an; par- allel instead of posteriorly divergent. The integument is covered rather profusely with very short, conical, taj)ering hairs, scarcely more tJian twice as long as their breadth at base. The larva is very distinctly banded with darker and lighter colors, ms the empty skin shows, the posterior third of each segment being occupie<l b>- a very dark band, darkest on the dorsal surfa"e, while a faint pale transver.se line breaks the anterior '^.rtion into two ecpial \\i\' .-^ of rhe same width as the blackish band.
554
TERT1AR\ INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
;
LoHfjth of bod}', 2.'$""" : jjfroiitest hreadtli of same, 5°"" ; breiultli pos- tc^riorly, IV""' ; brojultli of skin, dJ)""" ; length of segments on same, 4""" ; length of mandible blades, .'5.5""".
Chagrin Valley, White Hiver, Colorado. Three specimens (W. Denton).
MUSCA VINCULATA.
PI. 5, FiR. 77.
MiiHon rinciilala Snirtd., Hull. U. S. Oeol. GcM-r. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 7.'i8 (1877).
There is still another specius allied to tht^ last mentioned whieh may bear the name here proposed. It is represented only by parts of emptied skins, all Iving on the same stone, and whieh differ from the preceding species in being al)s<>lntely devoid of any hairs and in having different and nnich fainter markings. The general color of the best ])re.served specimen is a pale brown, and the markings are acarcel-. darker transverse bands, narrowing on the sides, bnt occupying nearl}' the entire length of a s(>gment (h»rsallv, and broken into e(pial parts by two transverse rows of verv faint and minnte pale dot.s. Xo specimen is sufiicientlv perfect to show the shape or the length, bnt ihe shape appears to bo similar to that of .M. hydropica, and the insect much smaller than it, for the breadth is 4. .'»"'"', and the length of one segment, 2"'"'
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Several specimens (W. Uenton).
MlTSCA spj).
ri. .".. Figs. so. 81, !»!), KM).
A wholly different form of larva is represented in PI. .">, Figs. SO, SI, and on one of the stones are fonnd the month parts of anothev, I'l. h, Figs. D'.l, 100, which are ipiitc ililVi-rent from those of Musea ascaridcs.
Chagrin Valley, Wiiite Kiver, Colorado (W. Denton).
Family TACHINID^ Loew.
TACHIN'A Meigen.
Taohina sp.
Tachina Kp. Scndil., FliiU. T. S. (ii-nl. <;i-r.j.rr. Siirv. Terr., IV, T.'ifi (187f).
To this IT' 'ins is referred provisionally a small bnt •♦out and densely hairy fly, with thick, slightly tapering abd(»men, broadly ronnded at the tip,
9
I fi
DIPTKRA— OONOniKTi;.
555
long \viiig8 with heavily ciliutod costal iniir-in, th(* auxiliary vein torniinat- ing just beforo the middle, and the first longitudinal vein not very far before the tip ; the other veins of the wing can not be determined. The legs are pretty stout and densely haired. About the fly are sc^attered many arcuate, tapering, spinous hairs 0.<""" long, evidently the clothing of the thorax.
Length of body, 4""" ; breadth of thorax, 1 .20""" ; length of wings, 4"'"'(?); of hind femora, ().«""" ; hind tibia-, 1.25"'"'; hind tarsi, 1.25""" (?).
Green River, Wyoming. ( )Me specimen. No. 48'' (F. C. A. Richardson).
Family PLATYPEZID/E Loew. OALLOMVIA Meigen.
Callomyia TORPORATA. ri. !», Fiji. 11.
A single specimen is preserved showing a dorsal view of the body but with no distinct appendages excepting one wing wliich is imperfectly figured on the plate. The thorax is l)roa(l oval, and the abdomen oval, as long as the head and thorax together, narrower than the thorax, tapering from in front of the middle l)ackward, and rounded at the tip. The wing is as long as the thorax and abrlomen together. The third longitudinal vein terminates at the tip of the wing, the first in tlie middle of the outer half of the wing, and the second midway l)etwee!i them; the basal cells are about one-third the length of the wing (indicated in the plate by the angle in the fifth longitudinal vein), and the oblicpie posterior transverse vein is situated at its upi)er extremity, ai)ouf midway between the middle l)asal cell and the apex of the wing. TIk^ exact length of the lower basal wll can not be defermined.
Length of body, •$' ; of wing, 2.7""": l)rea(lth of same, 1.1""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 71 (Prof Leslie A. Lee).
Family CONOPID.^ Leach. POLIOMYIA Scndd('r(;roA/(V, yur?a).
PoUomiiia Sciuld., Hull, r, .■<. (i,.„l. (;,,„^rr, Smv. T,ir.. IV, 77,4-7-,-, (187H).
This genus of Conopida', most nearly allied to Myopa, appears in the neuration of the wings to ii scml^ic closely some genera of .Svrpliida", espe- cially Xylota and Mile.sia, but it nitogi'tlier lacks flio .spurious longitudinal
noo
TKUTIAKY INSI-Xrrs OK NOHTH AMKHICA.
voiii, ami tin* third, fourth, uikI fifth lotiiritiuliniil veins aro not tniitod lit their cxtroinities hy niiirffiiiul vcmus; iiuhuHl, they rim without swcrviiifjf and Hiiliparalh'l to one imothor to tlic inarjrin. In this respect the <,'eiiiis differs also from otiier (Jonopidje, as it (h»es also in th(! extreme hniji^tii of the tliird liasal eell, whieh is as hnig as in Syrpliida'. In these points of mdiration it woiihl seem to aj^ree lietter with tlie Pipiiiiciiliihe, wiiich family, however, is entirely composed of very small flies, so that it seems lietter with onr imperfeet knowletljje of the fossil to rofer it to th« Conopida". The hody resembles that of Syrphiis in general form The win^i's are as Vnv^ as the 1)1 )dv and slender, with very straii^ht veins; tlie aiixiliiirv and first to fourth loiilfitudinal veins are almo it perfeetiv strai<;ht, the third oriiiinatiiiir from th(> second lon^-'itndinal vein at some distance before the middle of the win;,''; the auxiliary vein terminates beyond the middle of the co.stal maif^nn; directly lieneatii its extremity is the small transverse vein, and about mid- way between tile latter and the margin the larj^e transverse vein uiiitinji^ the fourth and fiftii veins; the extremity of the second basal eell is farther from the base tliaii the oriy^in of the third lon<>itudinal vein, and the third basal cell reaches very acutely almost to the marjiin of the wiii<^.
PoMOMVIA KKCTA.
! ■ !
«
I'l. :>. Figs. I'.t, '21.
Polhtni/iii rfctd Snidil., Pull. I'. S. ticnl, (i..,>j;r. Siiiv. Titi., IV, *.V>(1H7H); in Zittc!, lliilidli, il.
riiliidiil., I, li, H(IT, Kij,'. HI"-.' (|Ha-,i.
Tile sinjrle specimen refeialde to this species was obtained at the " Petrified l''isli Cut," and re|)reseiilH a (liifHal view of the insect with tin* wiii;:s partK overiappiiif>; on the back. It is the smaller fly retencil to in hi lla\drii"s Sun Pictures of b'ocky .Moniitaiii Scenery, pa^^e !is. The lieail is i)rokcn ; thi- thorax is stout, rounded ovate, and iilackish; the sciitelliiiii larjrc, semi lunar, and nearly twice as broad as Ion;:-, with l(iii}r black bristles alon<»' either lateral edffe and alonj.'- the sides of tlie thcia.v posteriorh. The wiii^s are lon^r and narrow; the auxiliary vein runs into the mai;,''in just iM-xiiiid the middle of the wiiiji'; the first lorif^itiidinal vein runs into the iiiar;.;in at about tw(»-thirds the <listance from the tip of the aiixiliarx vdn to that of the secoinl loii<rifiidinal vein, and scarcely funis upward e\eii at the tip: (he i.trai^rht second and tliird lon^fitiidinal veins diverj^e from each other at the exfreiiie tip after riiiiiiiii<.r ajfitost parr.llel
M
iH
DIl'TEUA— SYKPUID.E.
557
ilir()ii<»'lioiit tlio length of tho latter, which originiitos from the hocoikI Home (liHtance before tlie micldlo of the wing; the BimiU traiiHverse vein between tJie third and fouitii longitadiniil veins Ho8 just beyond tho middle of tho wing and jjerpendicular to tlut i!08tal border, while the large transverse vein between the fourth and fifth longi' .dinal veins is |)er[)ondicular to tho latter find renders tho discul and second posterior cells of about equal length, 'i'lie abdomen is apparently lighter colored than the thorax, regularly obovate, as broad as the thorax, and longer than it, its terminal (fifth) seg- ment small, tho others large and subecjual.
Length of thorax and scutellum, 4"""; breadth of same, 2.75"""; length of abdomen, 4.5"'"'; breadth of same, 2.75'""'; length of wing, (1.5'"'"; breadth of same, 2.25'"'".
I am indebted to Mr. Edward Burgess for some (iritical rennrks upon the affinities of this fiy, and fo>- a careful sketch of tho neuration, which is very difficult to trace in certain places.
(jlreen River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14600 (Ur. F. V. Hay den).
Family SYRPHID^G Leaeh.
MILESIA Latreillo.
MflLKSIA yUAUKATA. I'l. !), Fit,', l^-
Miknia iiiairala Scmld., Itiill. U. S. Guol. (}uo;{r. Siiii)-. Terr., IV, 7ri\i-7ri;i (1S7H) j Willist., Syn, N. A.
Syrph, a8l, 'JKt (188(1).
A specimen in a Am stiito of preservation, although not perfect, and with most of the uouration of the wing concealed under hard flakes of stono which can not b.- \vh )lly removed, was found by Dr. Ilaydeii at the "Pet- rified Fish Cut," (}reoM River. It Is the larger fly alluded to in Mr. Ilaydcn's Sun Pictures of Wocky Mountain Scenery, page IIS. The head and thorax are black, the liead large, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes large, globose, as broad as the summit of the head between them, the front very large, prominent, half as broad as the head, and half as long as broad. Thorax globose, a little longer than broad, larjrest in the middle. Win^s surpassing slighrly the abd'^men; the third longitudinal vein (U-iginates from the second in the middle of the wing, i* very gently arcuate (the convexity biickward) iu its outer lialf, and appi!4rs to terminate just above
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558
TIOKTIAItY INSI'XITS OF NORTH AMKItlCA.
tlu) tip of the wiii^; tli(> toiirth loiiiritudiiiiil vein is itnitml liv an oblifpiu (TOHs-vein to tlio tiiinl very iiciir the ori^'in of the latter, and the Hput'ioiiH loii^ritiidinal vein can not h** iiuuh* out, fnmi pixtr preservation, ; the niar- ;;inal vein between those two nppears tt» Itc vt^ry simple, the fourtli longi- tudinal vein beiulin;^ tiownward at its tip to meet it. The ahilonien is as Inoad as the thorax, fully as Ion;; iis tlu^ rest of the body, l)road ovate, ;aperin<f sli^jhtly at the l»ase and rapidly beyond the middle, broadi'st at the second seijfnu'Mt ; the first sci^niciit is loii^ri'st and half as lon<; as broad, tlu* second and third slijjfhtly shorter, the fomfli still shorter, ;iiul the fifth minute; the abdomen is li;,'ht-c(d(U'ed, probably yellow in life, and the first three se<^ments are rather narrowly mar^^ined posteriorly with black; tlio first 8e<rment is also siuiilarlv mar^rincd in front, and besides has a median black stripe of similar width, which divides the segments into equal lateral (piadratc halves, whence the specific name; the whole abdomen is rather j)rofusely covered witii verv i)rief', black, microscopic hairs, which are thickest in the black Itands borderin;^- the segmtMits, and next the hind edge of the foiu'th and fifth sej,'ments, prodiu'inir a dusky posterior margin, sim- ilar to but narrower than the dark lielts of the preceding segments, and of course verv inconspicuous.
Length of body, is ; of head. 2.H.')""" ; of thorax, .'■).6.V""'; of abdb-
nen, *».."»""" ; luvadth of front, L'l""" ; of head, 4..'>""" ; of thorax, (i""" ; of abdomen, G""" ; prol)al)le h.-ngth of wing, 14 5"""; length of hairs on abdo- men, 0.04"'"'; width of dark abdominal ban<ls, ().!>""".
Dr. Williston thiid<s it can not be a .Milesia, l)ut that its afKnities are rather with Syrphus.
Green liiver, Wyomnig. ( )ne specimen, No. 146IM (Dr. F. V. Iluyden).
KUISTALIS Latreille.
KkI.STALIS LAl'lDKirS. *
PI. .-., Fif,'s. 4.S, lU. Eritlalit lapideun .Scmlil,, Hull. IT. S. (}i.,i. (},.,.;;r. .Surv. T.rr., Ill, T.Vi (HT7); WilliBt., 8yn. N. A.
Sjipii,, •>l.v;-;^(I^H(i).
A poorly preserved speciuien, showing little that is characteristic, but which belongs near Kristalis or llclopliilus. The body is preserved on a dorsal aspect, with wings |)artially ex|)ande<l; the head is nearly wanting, tlie thorax without markings. The wings are distinct only on the basal
I
m
DIPTKUA— BVUI'inDi:.
559
liiiH, iiul ovou hero show no nouratioii at, all hoyoiul tin- f^ouoml coiiisn of tlicj principal voiiiH at tho ver\ liaao; tlio aiiilas liowovor, an- vory distinct, very larjro, thoir hroadth (alonj,' tho \viii<r^ fully (mhuvI to half tin, hruailth (»f tho thorax, dark, with obliquoly trauHverno dark ri(lfr(.H, nidicatinjr that tlioy woro wrinklod in nature, much an in Volncolla or 'KHtrns. Abdoiuon Ion;,', hroadostin tho middle of tho l)aMal half, boyond taporin^r couHichfrahly, the tip roundly pointed; apical half of I jsal joint black, forming; a distinct transvorao straight band; tUu nunili(!r of abdominal joints appoars to Ix- tivc.
Longth of thorax, M*"""; broadHi of samo, y.-Jo""" ; longth of abdomen, «.5' ; wings, 12"""; hroadth of sam. , ;{.o™"'.
Dr. VVilliston thinks it can not bo an Eristalis.
Chagrin V^alloy, VVhito llrver, Colorad... ()i,o spociuion (W. Doulon).
SYRPIIUS Fabricius. Syrphi's sp.
Si/rphut sp. Soiuld., null U. S. Geol. Geojjr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 75."> (1878).
A species of this family, and in sizo .second only to tho Milosia from tho siunc b(Mls, is represented by reverse and obverse of a single specimen, which is too imperfecr for <lt'scription, only the body being preserved; the form and size of this agrc- best with tho goims Syrphus.
Tlir length of the body is 10'"'".
(rreen Uiver, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4110 and 4132 (S. II. Scuddur;.
CHILOSIA Moigen.
ClIILOSIA AMPLA.
I'l. 9, Fijjts. 14, 27. Ckeilosia ampla Sciuld., Bull. U, 8. Cieol. Gixigr. .Siirv. Terr., IV, 7r>3-7,'>4 (1878).
This species is primarily founded on a single specimen which Mr. Howditch and I found in the shales at Green Uiver, and which preserves nearly all parts of the insect. There is also a specimen with its reverse which wo obtained at the same place, and another which Mr. Richardson sent me from these beds, agreeing with tho first-mentioned specimen, but a little larger. As only the bodies are preserved, they are temporarily placed
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560
TEllTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
in Hm connection until otli<)r material is at hand, while the Hpecieu is described wholly from the more perfect individual. This has a body more nearly of the shape of an Orthoneura, the abdomen being broader and stouter than is usual in Chilosia, but the wings are much longer than in the species of Orthoneura I have seen, and both the shape of the wing and its neuration agree well with Chilosia. The head is round and moderately large, the thorax stout and rounded ovate, the scutellum large, Henii-lunar, twice as broad as long ; all these parts are dark brown. The wings are very long and narrow, extending much beyond the tip of the abdomeJi, the costal edge very straight until shortly before the tip, where it curves rapidly ; all the veins are very straight, especially those of ti»e upper half of the wing ; the auxiliary vein terminates in the middle of the costal border, the first longitudinal at the extremity of the straight part of the costa, beyond the middle of the outer half of the wing, the third at the tip of the wing, and tiie second midway between the first and third ; the third is united to the fourth by a .straight cro.ss-vein in the middle of the wing, directly beneath the tij) of the auxiliary vein, and about its own length, beyond the extremity of the long second l)asal cell ; the extremity of the third basal cell is very oblique and reaches the tip of the lower branch of the fifth longitudinal vein ; the marginal vein, uniting ti;e third and fourth veins, strikes the former just before the tij), while that uniting the fourth and fifth, toward which the fourth l)ends to receive it, is removed farther from the margin by about half the width of the first jjosterior cell. The legs are slender, scantily clothed witii short, fine hairs. The a?)domen is broad, oblong ovate, fully as broad as the thorax, broadly rounded at the apex, no longer than tiie rest (tf the body, of a light color, with darker incisures, and scantilv covered with delicate hairs ; it is composed of five segments, of whicii the second, third, and foin-th are of equal length, the first shorter and suddenly contracted, the apical minute.
Length of body, 7"""; diameter of head, 1.3')"'"'; length of thorax, 2.'}""" ; breadth of same, 2'""' ; length of abdomen, iJ.fj'""' ; breadth of same, 2 2'""; length of wing, 6.4"""; breadth of same, 1.3"""; length of hind femora, 1.25' ; of hind tibia-, 1.2r)"""; of hind tarsi, 1.25""".
Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 4112, 4135 and 4141 (F. C. Bowditch and S. II. Scudder), 40 (F. C A. Kichardson).
DIPTEEA— SrEPHID^.
Chilosia? sp.
561
PL 9, Fig. 26.
Another species resembling the last, but too large t) be referred to it and too imperfect to be sufficient for characterization, occurs in the same beds. It is pretty plainly one of the Syrphidae from its general appearance and from such remains of the neuration as are preserved. The abdomen is almost round, considerably surpassed by the wings, and consists of four visible segments, of which the second is conspicuous for its ornamenta- tion, the margins being dark and joined by a blackish mesial longitudinal stripe, next which, on either side, the surface is much paler than elsewhere.
The length of the body is 7.1°"" ; the apparent length of the wings, 6.75""° ; the breadth of the abdomen, 3""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 17 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
Chilosia sp.
PI. 9, Fig. 8.
Cheiloaia sp. Scudd., Ball. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., IV, 754 (1878).
Two specimens of a smaller species of Syrphidae, preserving the bodies, agree so completely with C. ampla, excepting in their much smaller size, that they are referred to the same genus ; but as the wings are almost entirely lost the reference is made only to indicate the approximate place of the species, which need not be described until better material is at hand.
The length of the body is 4.25°"°.
Green River, Wyoimng. Two specimens, Nos. 4113, 4150 (^. H. Scudder).
PSILOTA Meigen.
PSILOTA TABIDOSA. PI. 9, Fig. 9.
A headless body of a testaceous color with a nearly complete wing represents this species. Unfortunately it is not accurately drawn on the plate, the nearly invisible veins connecting the third and fourth longitud- inal veins at their tips and closing the discal cell being omitted and the cross-vein being placed much too near the base. In reality it should lie scarcely within the middle of the discal cell, and the fourth longitudinal
VOL XIU 36
562 TEETIABY INSECTS OP NOBTH AMEBIOA.
vein should curve, brace-like -^^^^ to meet it, while the third longitudinal vein, from which the cross-vein jjarta at a right angle, runs in a straight course, at» represented. The brace-like direction of the fourth longitudinal vein causes the discal cell to be of equal breadth in the distal half and about twice as broad as the proximal half, the whole cell being unusually long and narrow or fully five times as long as its greatest breadth. The first longitudinal vein reaches the margin nearer the tip of the second lon- gitudinal than the auxiliary vein.
Length of headless body, 5""" ; of wing, 4°"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 59 (Prof Leslie A. Leo).
Syrphid-k sp. PI. 10, Fig. 9.
Another species of Syrphidte appears to be represented in PI. 10, Fig. 9, but it is too obscure for determination and is incompletely drawn on the plate. It is in any case a very small species. The basal colls appear to be long, extending nearly to the middle of the wing; the third longitudinal vein is certainly simple, and there are no intercalaries.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 98 (Prof L. A. Lee).
DIFTERiS. ORTHORHA^PHi^ Brauer.
BRACHYCERA Zetterstedt.
Family DOLICHOPODIDyC Loew.
DOLICHOPUS Latreillo. DoLicnoPUS sp.
DoliohopuB ap. Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Oool. Qoogr. Siirv. Tnrr., IV, 706 (1878).
A specimen and its reverse sire to be referred to this family by the structure of the abdomen and by the general aspect. The wings and head, however, are lacking. The tlior/x is globose, well arched, and, like the abdomen, of a light brown color, and ornamented with scattered, bristly, black hairs. The tip of the abdomen is recurved beneath.
The length of the fragment is 3.65""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4124 and 4148 (S. H. Scudder).
DIPTERA— ASILID^. 563
Family CYRTID^E Loew. ACROCERA Meigon.
ACROCERA IIIRSUTA.
PL 5, Fig. 5.
Aorocera Kirtuta Soudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Googr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 75!> (1877).
A single very fragmentary specimen appears to belong in the neigh- borhood of Acrocera, but is too imperfect to mention with any certainty. The size of the insect, the small head, robust and coarsely haired thorax, stout and abbreviated abdomen, indicate a form resembling that of Acro- cera, and the tibiae appear to bo destitute of spurs ; but the legs are not very slender and the neuration of the fragment of the wing does not agree well with Westwood's figure of A. globulus Panz. in Walker's Diptora Hri- tannica. There are, however, only a few longitudinal veins next the base, disconnected and faint, so that they afford very slight indication of the rcid character of the wings, and the transverse veins being obliterated nothing can be said of the basal cells. Thorax and abdomen of about cfpial size.
Length of body, 4.5"""'; head, 0.6"""; height of same, 1.3""".
Fossil Cafion, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
Family ASILID^ Leach. STENOCINCLIS Scudder {GTeyh?, HtyuXH).
Stenocincli» Scudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Geogr. Snrv. Tirr., IV, 7;')! (187H).
This genus of Asilidaa is founded wholly upon characters drawn from the neuration of the wing, the only portion of the insect preserved. It falls into the group of Dasypogonina, in whicli the second longitudinal vein ter- minates on the margin apart from the first longitudinal vein, instead of uniting with it just before the margin. It is not very far removed from Dioctria, but differs from it and from all Asilida- I have examined in that the third longitudinal vein arises from the first before tlie middle of tlie wing, instead of from the second longitudinal vein after its emission from the first; the first longitudinal vein has therefore two inferior shoots, giving the wing a very peculiar aspect, and causing it to differ radically from all other Asilido! ; indeed, it would be hard to know where to look for a simi- lar feature among allied Diptera, unless it be in the anomalous group of
564
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Cyrtidac. The wing is very slender and all the cells unusually elongated, which also gives it a unique appearance.
Stendcinclis akomala. PI. 9, Fig. 10.
StenocincUt anomala Sondd., null. U. 8. Gool. Gcokt. Snrv. Terr., IV, 751-75-3 (1878).
This species is represented by a single frngniont of a wing, which I found in tlie Green River sliales. Nearly nil the iieuration is preserved ; but the posterior nmrgiii is iib.sent and the length of the cells which border upon it can not be accurately determined. The insect was evidently small, with a long and slender wing. The auxiliary vein terminates slightly beyond the middle of the costal margin ; the first longitudinal vein runs up toward the margin where the auxiliary vein terminates, and follows along next the edge far toward the tip, us usual in this group ; the second longi- tudinal vein originates from tlie first a little way before the middle of the wing, and with an exceedingly gentle sinuous curve, turning upward apic- ally, terminates a little way beyond the first longitudinal vein ; the third longitudinal vein originates from the first as far before the origin of the second longitudinal vein as the distr.nce apart of the tips of the first and second longitudinal veins, and, running at first parallel and almost as close to it as the first longitudinal vein to the apical half of the costal margin, but distinctly separate throughout, it diverges slightly from it in the middle of the wing and terminates at the lower part of tlie apex of the wing, curv- ing downward more strongly toward the margin ; at the middle of the divergent part of its course, which is very regular, it emits abruptly a supe- rior branch, which afterward curves outward and runs in a very slightly sinuous course to the margin, curving upward as it approaches it. The fourth longitudinal vein is seen to start from the root of the wing, and runs in a straight course until it reaches a point just below the origin of the sec- ond longitudinal vein, where it is connected with the vein below by the anterior basal transverse vein, and then bends a little downward, running nearly parallel to the third longitudinal vein, but contimiing in a straighter course terminates on the margin at nearly the same point ; these two veins are connected by the small transverse vein midway between the anterior basal transverse vein and the forking of the third longitudinal vein ; the fourth longitudinal vein is connected by the posterior transverse vein
DIPTERA— ASILID^.
565
(which in scarcely as long as the small transverse vein) with the upper apical branch of the fifth longitudinal vein just beyond its forking, or opposite the forking of the third longitudinal vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein forks pre- viously to this, emitting a branch barely before the point where the ante- rior basal transverse vein strikes it, so that the branch almost appears to be a continuation of the transverse vein ; and previous to this it has a distinct angle, where another vein is thrown off at right angles, directly opposite the upper extremity of the anterior basal transverse vein, and beyond the origin of the third longitudinal vein ; the b.asal half only of the sixth longi- tudinal vein can be seen, but its direction shows that it unites with the lowest branch of the fifth at its apex, as in Dasypogon. All the cells throughout the wing are exceedingly narrow.
Length of wing, 6.75"" ; probable breadth, 1.6"".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4143 (S. H. Scudder).
Stemocinclis sp.
PI. 10, Fig. 15.
Certainly to this family, not improbably to this genus, and perhaps to the single species described above, belongs the body of a fly figured on PI. 10, Fig. 15. It is a male. The thorax is very stout, naked, and devoid of bristles. The femora stout, inflated, naked, and spineless ; the tibiae not one-third so stout, cylindrical, hairy, and apparently spinous, not so long as the femora ; the tarsi densely hairy and spinous, the claws stout, strongly curved. The thorax and abdomen, the former more distinctly, show a microscopic longitudinal wavy carding of the integument, which is also f'lintly seen on the naked femora.
Length of body, 9.5""" ; of femora, 2"'"' ; breadth of latter, 0.7"".
Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 45 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
ASILID.£ sp.
A fly, apparently of this family, but in too imperfect a state for any reasonable identification at present, was found by Dr. G. M. Dawson three miles up tlio North Fork of the Similkameen River, British Columbia, and numbered by him 67 and 68.
rT
5(56
TEllTIAUY INSKIGTS OF NOBTn AMEBIOA.
Family STRATIOMYIDyG Leach.
LITIIOPHYSA gon. nov. {\Woi, qtvaa).
This fjcnus, of tho section IJoridina, is peculiar for the plump, ovato abdomen, sonicwliiit as in Dipliysa, for havinjf no lower intercalary vein, for the distance at which tho lower branch of the fourth longitudinal vein arises from the apex of tho discoldal cell and for the presence of six spines on tho mctanotum.
The head is larj^o and nearly as broad as tho stout oval thorax, tho eyes occupyinjif above all but a narrow mesial belt about a fifth the width of tho head ; tho anteniia> apparently as in Xenoniorpha, short and taporinj^ refj^u- larly apically The nietanotun has six coarse, equidistant, and not very long spines, tho nuddle pair a little stonier than tho lateral. The auxiliary vein terminates a little beyond the middle of tho wing, and a littlo beyond, like tho first and second longitudinal, it curves upward rather strongly at tho extremity. The third longitudinal vein is forked. The basal cells are of equal length and half as long as the wing ; the discoidal cell about twice as long as broad, two branches it^^suingfrom the two outer angles and the third branch from tho lower border close to tho second basal cell. Abdomen regularly ovate, l)roader than the thorax, composed of six visible segments, besides, probably, a basal segment, which the preservation of the fossil does not permit to bo seen.
LlTIIOPnYSA TUMULTA.
PI. 9, Fifj. 31.
This species is roprescniod by a single specimen which is tolerably well preserved. The thorax is darker than the head and abdomen, and the ob- scurity of the base of the latter leads to the presumption that it was pale in lifo ; the hinder edges of the abdominal segments are a little darker than tho rest of tho abdomen. The wings are clear excepting the fuliginous stigma which embraces the interspaces on either side of the second longi- tudinal vein from where it parts from the third vein to its tip. The discoidal (!ell is almost regularly pentagonal, and would be quite so were the lower branch of the fourth longitudinal vein to arise a short distance farther toward the base ; tho base is outward, and the outer, upper, and lower sides fire longer than tho inner; it is situated about midway between the costal and
■'- (■
DIPTERA— STBATIOMYIDiB.
567
lower margins of the wing, and the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins, though closely approxinxate, are pretty distant from and parallel to the mar- gin through most of their course.
Length of body, 5'"""; of wing, 4.5"""; breadth of thorax, l.S"""; of abdomen, 1.9"""; of wing, l.lb""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
ASARCOMYIA gen. nov. (a-, adp^, ftvia).
This genus, also belonging to the section Ueridina, is distantly related to Chiromyza Wied. Head slightly narrower than the globular thorax. Abdomen long, composed of seven joints, with nearly parallel sides, broader than the thorax. Antennaj with short basal, long and equal second, joint. Legs long and very slender, the tibia; with a short row of spines near the tip, the apical ones no longer than the others. Wings witli the third longitudinal vein simple, the first longer than the second basal cell, the discoidal cell emit- ting three long and nearly straight veins to tlio border, all arising apically, a foiu'th vein arising from the second basal cell ; fifth and sixth longitudinal veins uniting close to the margin.
The simple third longitudinal vein, the unequally long basal cells, and the fourth branch of the fourth longitudinal vein with its origin from the second basal cell apart from the others, are characteristics which do not seem to be combined in any other genus. T!ie discoidal cell is small, longitudinal, arched, situated a little above the middle of the wing.
AsARCOMYIA CADAVER. PI. 9, Fig. 17.
Whole body and wings of a nearly uniform testaceous color, the thorax, legs, and principal veins of the wings a little darker. Metanotum with two large approximated b£.8al bristles. The wings are tolerably broad, the cos- tal margin nearly straight most of the way to the tip, the auxiliary vein reaching to a little beyond the middle of the wing, the second longitudinal arising from the third a little sooner, or at about the middle, and ending after a gently sinuous course considerably less than midway from the tip of the auxiliary to the tip of the arcuate third longitudinal vein. First basal cell closed scarcely beyond the tip of the auxiliary, at the middle of the discoidal cell. (In the figure the cross-vein before this is an accidental mark
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V.
AGS
TERTIARY INHECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
on tlio Htono.) DiHcoidnl coll about three times as lonjj aa broad; second basal coll about half as long as the wing. Logs very slender, the tarsi longer than the tibia-, and the hind tibia) at least with an outer row of short 8j)ines on the apical third ; all the logs sparsely covered with not very long hairs. Abdomen very thinly clothed with distant, moderately long, slender hairs.
Length of l)ody, 4.5"""; of wing, 3.5*""' ; of hind leg, 4.2"""; of hind tibia;, 1..T""'; of hind tarsi, l.C""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 12 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
NEMATOCERA Latreille.
Family TIPULID^E Leach.
DICRANOMYIA Stephens.
DlCRANOMYIA 8TI0M0SA.
PI. 5, Figs. 16, 17, 25-27, 42, 43, OS, 69.
DioraHomyia ttigmona Suudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Ot)i>|{r. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 74G-748 (1877).
The neuration and the presence of a stigma in a fine, nearly perfect specimen of this species indicate a form closely allied to D. pubipennis 0. S., but the absence of any pubescence at the tip of the wing at once dis- tinguishes it from the recent species. At first I supposed tliat it differed from other species of Dicranomyia in the absence of the auxiliary vein; but after careful study a faint trace of its apical portion was found in the same position relative to the origin of the second longitudinal vein as in I), pubi- pennis ; as there also, the iii-st longitudinal vein curves downward to, and terminates on, the second longitudinal vein, directly opposite the cross-vein uniting the discal cell with the third longitudinal vein, instead of on the costa; the subcostal cross-vein arises before the deflection of the first lon- gitudinal, runs parallel with it until it curves, when it turns in the opposite direction to the costa. The discal cell is closed, but the cross-vein separat- ing it from the second posterior coll is very faint, in which respect it agrees better with other Dicranomyiie than with D. pubipennis. The stigma is confined to that part of the space between the first and second longitudinal veins which lies beyond the origin of the third longitudinal vein, but it also extends upward to the costa; it is nearly circular and faintly fuliginous.
DIPTEBA-TIPDLIDiTJ.
569
An oblique supernumerary vein runs to the center of the atignia from a pouit in tlio first longitudinal vein directly above the origin of the third ; that is, from the inner edge of the stigma. The outer and posterior margins of the wing are profusely fringed with very delicate hairs, longer than the thickness of the stout costal vein. The antennae are fourtoen- jointed, about twice as long as the head, the basal joints of the ilagoUum subglobular, the others obovato, the apical one more than twice as long as broad; they are delicately verticilltfte, the hairs being but half as long as the width of the joints. The male anal lobes are broadly obovate, deeply and abruptly excised externally at the base, so as to leave a sharp right angle outwardly and a naiTow peduncle on the inner side. Together the lobes are broader than the tip of the abdomen, and each is about half as long again as broad.
Le'igth of body, including the lobes, 6.6°""; antenna;, 1.2°""; wings, T.S"™ ; anal lobes of male, 0.55'"".
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton.)
A second specimen of what is apparently the same species, judging from the anal lobes, is somewliat stouter, but is destitute of all other append- ages, excepting indeterminate fragments of the rostrum, so that no further knowledge of the species can be gained from it. The rostrum, however, would seem to be scarcely longer than the head.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton )
In another specimen, also a male, the body, one of the wings, and part of the legs of one side are preserved; the whole is nuich ftiintor than in the other specimens, but the auxiliary vein can bo trsiced midway between the costal and first longitudinal veins throughout nearly its wliolo length. What is apparently the rostnim is a very little longer tlian tlie basal joint of the antenna) and a very little shorter than the head. Tlie character of the male appendages adds to the proof that tliis belongs to the same species as those previously mentioned, but the stigma of the wing is lost by the incompleteness of the preservation. Tlie legs are very slender and deli- cately hairy throughout, with no sign of spurs, although it should be remarked that the extremities of the tibia; are not well preserved.
Length of middle femora, 5.25""' ; middle tibia;, 4.5"" ; hind femora, 5.75"" ; hind tibia;, 5.5"".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton.)
570
TKIITIARY INSECTS OV NOIlXn AMERKU.
AnotJiur Hpociinoii in ii foinnle, with romnniitH of win^H, liaving iiioHt of tlio voiiiH Hcarcoly triicoablo ; onough of the ri^^ht vMiig ronininH to bo Hure tlint it iH thin HpocioH, with which the Hixo a^rooH.
FoHHil Canon, White liiver, Utah (W. Donton.)
Still another \s Hiniilarly proHorvod ; but on account of tlio partial folding of tho wing no Htigina can bo nooti, and tho tirHt longitudinal vein HconiH to nnito, or ahnoHt unite, with tho Hocond ho far from tho branching of tho latter that I wan at firHt inelinod to Hoparato it; but tho dilTcriMU')* provoH to be very Hlight. The antenna; of tluR spocinuin are pretty well preserved, but ho bent as not to allow of direct nioasurcmcnt ; tho Hize agrees well with other HpecinienH, altiiough it is slightly snuiller than the second specimen mentioned, which, however, is rather larger than tho average. The specimen is a female.
Fossil Canon, White Hiver, Utah (W. Denton).
A head presi^rved on tho same stone as the last specimen probably also belongs to this species.
In the last specimen to bo mentioned wo have tho upper surface of an abdomen of a niale Dicranomyia, apparently of this species, twisted so as to present a Literal view of the tip, showing the structure of tho under surface of the aj)pendages. The under inner edge is evidently thickened, and a sliglit hook jirojects a little beyond the broad lobe; as tho lobe itself is pro- served in a different view from wh.at holds in the other specimens, and there- fore has a slightly different contour, the specimen is judged to belong to this species oidy from tho size of the abdomen and of its anal lobos.
Chagrin Valley, White Uiver, Colorado (W. honton).
Dicranomyia pkimitiva.
PI. 5, FiRS. J?0, 21, 05-07.
Dicranomyia primitita Sciidd., Hull. U. 8. Qnol. Oimjit. Surv. Terr., Ill, 74H(H77).
Two specimens, a little smaller than D. stigmosa, but still more closely resemldiiig D. pnl)ipennis, together with a third, wliich is simply a body, to whicli is attached tlio costal outline; of a wing, and near which lies a leg, represent the female of this species. Tho two first mentioned are rather faintly i)reserved, but permit tho venation to bo traced with certainty, though with difficulty, and with one of them a portion of a detached (mid- dle or hind) leg may bo seen. The neuration of the wing diffijrs from that
DIPTKUA— TIPlJIilDifJ.
671
of D. Hti|;mo8iv ill tlio Hhnpo of tlio <liHCuI vM, tlio inner borilor of which ih straight, luul HtrikuH tho iiicomploto fifth loiigitiulinul vuin oxuutly whoro tlio h>wor croHH-voin HtrikoH it, ho tliiit tlio two ivro (tontimiouH iiiid prodiico no hronk of direction in tho fifth longitiidiniil voin. TIio auxiliary vein iH not proHorvod, and tlioro ix no ndvontitioiiH vuin in tho Htigniu, which othorwiHO Ih aH ill that Hpocioa. Tho wing itt not ho nlondur ah in I). Htigiiiosa.
liongth of body, S.S™"' ; wing, 5.5-(;""" ; fciiiiir, [)"""; tibia, 6.75™'"; firnt two joints of tarsi, 3.5""". Tho inoaauroniontH of tho log aro doubtful.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.)
Another poorly preserved spociinon which by tho structure of the nialo forceps is plainly to bo referred to this genus is judgeil merely from its size to belong to this species, none of tho characteristic parts of the neuration being preserved. The body is a very littlo smaller than in the females of this species, and tho male forceps are ovate and rather largo.
Length of body without forceps, 4.6"'"' ; forceps, 0.36"'"' ; breadth of one of them, 0.2""'.
On tho same stone with this is a leg which probably belonged to it, though some distance from it ; tho length of tho femur is 6"'"' ; tibia, 4.6'""' ; tho tarsi aro l)rokon.
Samo locality.
A single wingless male, taken by Mr. Richardson at Green River Wyoming, can bo referred doul>tfully to this species.
About fifteen other ppeciniens of Tipulidn3 were collected by Mr. Richardson, Mr. IJowditch, and myscilf at Green River; but unfortunately not one of them presents the vestige of a wing and seldom anything more than the body. Probably some of them also belong to this species ; others may with more doubt bo referred to D. 8tigmo.sa but all are valueless for any precise determination, and, indeed, may not belong to Dicranomyia at all.
Dicranomyia rostrata.
PI. 5, Figs. 40, 41,63, 04. IHcranomyia rostrata Soiidd., Bull. U. 8. Oool. Ooogr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 749 (1877).
A single specimen larger than tho olhor species of Dicranomyia and about the size of Tipula decrepita Scudd. is provisionally referred to this genus. The head ia very small, the thorax rather robust and very strongly
I
I
t
I
572
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
arched, and the abdomen shows it to be a female. The antennal joints are fifteen in number, tiie basal one atout, the apical slender obovate, the others globular ; the palpi are four-jointed, the last three joints equal, and together as long as the first, the whole rather longer than tlie head, and therefore rather long for a Dicranomyia. The legs ai'e lacking, the single wing detached, broken at the base, and longitudinally folded. Such of the neura- tion as can be disentangled agrees wholly with the peculiarities of this
genus.
Length of fragment of body without head, 6""" ; breadth of head, O.S"""; lengtii of antenna", 2""" ; palpi, 0.9""".
Fossil Gallon, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.)
A second specimen is referred to this species, but with some doubt, as it consists of only a trunkwith no appendages excepting the male forceps. The specimen is slightly smaller than the female, as we should expect, and the plates at the extremity of the body diffbr from those of the other fossil species described in being of a regular, short, obovate form.
Length of body without forceps, 6.25""" : of forceps, 0.6°" ; width of same, 0.2«"'"'.
Same locality.
SPILADOMYIA Scudder {arnXd?, nvia).
Spiladomyia Sciidd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. QeogT. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 749 (1877).
This genus is founded upon a peculiar form of fly allied to Dicranomyia. The palpi are no longer than the head; i'le th.orax is comparatively slender, the legs very long and slender, and the wings s^haped mucli as in Dicra- nomyia, with a peculiar neuration. The auxiliary vein terminates some way beyond the middle of the co.stal border; the first Ijngitudinal vein terniinraes in the second, close to the tip of the wing; the second originates from the first beyond the middle of the wing, but some distance before the tip of the auxiliary vein; the third longitudinal vein originates from the second, near the middle of its course, beyond the tip of the auxiliary vein; a little di.stance beyond its origin, but much nearer the tip of the wing than usual, it is connected by a cro.ss-vein with the fourth longitudinal vein ; the first and .second posterior cells are therefore very short ; there is, then, but a single submarginal cell, three, or, if a very slight fork at the apex of the posterior in-iuich of the fourth longitudinal vein be counted, four posterior cells, and no discal cell.
DIPTBRA— TIPULIDiB.
573
Spiiladomyia simplex.
PI. 5, Fig. 37, 38.
Spiladomyia simplex Soudil,, Bull. U. S. Qool. Quogr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 750 (1877).
A single specimen and its reverse show nearly all the parts of the body, but all are faintly preserved, so as to be very difficult of study. The specimen is a female ; nearly all the logs are preserved, and all but the base of the wings; the latter, however, trail along the abdonjen, so that parts are obscured and the neuration is exceedingly faint. The head is small, the eyes almost exactly circular, the palpi a little shorter than the head, the antennre composed of cylindrical joints, a little longer than broad, the legs slender, with femora, tibifc, and tarsi of nearly equal length, and the wings as long as the body. The anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is abruptly bent at its base, so as nearly to connect with the cross-vein uniting it with the third longitudinal vein, and the first and second posterior cells are scarcely more than three times as long as broad. The third poste- rior cell is but very insignificant, as the posterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein forks but slightly and near its tip. The neuration of the lower part cf the wing is uncertain.
Length of body, 7.5"""; palpi, 0.35"""; fore femora, 4.5"'"'; middle femora, 4.5"°'; hind femora, 4.5'"""; fore tibiai, 4.65"""'; middle tibifc, 4.5°""; hind tibia;, 4.5'""'; fore tarsi, 4'""'; middle (or hind) tarsi, 4.6""°. Measure- ments of tarsi uncertain.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. (W. Denton.)
PRONOPHLEBIA Scudder {Trpcov, cpU^iov).
Pronophlebia Soudd., Bull. U. S, Gool. Ooogr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 750 (1877).
This genus differs from all Tipulid;e known to me in the early origin of the third longitudinal vein, which springs from the second almost imme- diately after its own separation from the first long,itudinal vein and some way before the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the second longitudinal vein arises near the middle of the wing and branches, the inner branch apparently forking near its tip. These characteristics readily servo to distinguish it from other Tipulidaj. The head is small, the antenna; long, very slender, and more than thirteen-jointed. They are too imperfect in the specimen studied to allow of any further statement. The palpi are not preserved, but
)■ i
574
TEBTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
tho thorax id strongly arched and tlte neuration indicates that the genus belongs to tho TipiiliJaj brevi palpi, and with other signs that it is probably one of the Limnophilina, although the auxiliary cross-vein appears to be exactly opposite tho origin of tho second longitudinal vein. It is perhaps most nearly allied to Trichocera.
Pkonophlebia rediviva.
PI. 6, Fig. 39.
I'roHophlebia rediviva Scudd., Hull. U. 8. Uuol. Qoogr. Surv. Turr., Ill, 7&0-751 (1877).
The single spocimou of this species is spread at full length, but tho stono containing it is broken. The specimen is a male. The antenna) are considerably longer than tho iiead and thorax together, and the joints are shaped ;ind ornamentod as shown in the figure of Dolichopeza in Walker's Diptera IJritauuica. Tho head is small and the eyes so well preserved that they can be seen as in a living creature. The wings are very long and slender ; tlie auxiliary vein terminates some distance beyond the middle of the wing ; the first longitudinal vein about midway between that and the tip ; tho second longitudinal vein arises just within the middle of the wing, and the third longitudinal vein less than half tho distance from iljiit to the tip of tho auxiliary vein ; t!io .'^ocond longitudinal vein forks just beneath the tip of tlio auxiliary vein, its upper bninch bondu just beneath tho tip of tlio first longitudinal, and its lower branch appears to fork just beyond the middle of its course, (/ross-veins appear to divide tlio interspace between the second and tliird loiigitnlinal veins (tho second submarginal cell) into three equal parts, and there is certainly a cross-vein in the interspace between tho fourth and fifth longitudinal veins (the second basal cell) directly oppo- site tho origin of the third longitudinal vein.
Lovjth of body, 9.25"""; aiitennju, 2.(V'"" ; wirtgs, 9.25""".
White River, near the Colorado- Utali boundary (W. Denton).
CYTTAROMYIA Scudder {nvrrapo?, ,ivta).
Cytlaromyia Soiuld., Hull. U. 8. Oeol. Goonr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 7.11 (1H77).
This genus of Tipulida' ditfors somewhat remarkably from any known to me. It appears to belong among the Tipulidic brevipalpi, tho first longi- tudinal vein terminating ii ;ho second much in the manner of Dicranomyia, with which, however, this genus seems to have little else in common.
DIPTBBA— TIPULIDJS.
5Y5
Although tho first longitudinal vein terminates in this way, no trapezoidal cell is formed near its extremity after tho munner of tlie TipulidiK longipalpi, but this portio!! is quite as in Dicranoniyia. Tlie position of tho auxiliary vein is indeterminable from the fragment I have seen; but the "posterior intercalary vein" of Loow issues from the lower outer angle of the discal cell at a long distance from the great cross-vein, and in direct continuation of the fourth longitudinal vein. All these characteristics place it with the Tipulidse brevipalp* ; but the points wherein it differs from tliem, as indeed from all other Tipulida;, are not a little extraordinary. Apparently it has certain relations wit'.i the Amalopina, and has some resemblance to Symplocta, but it may be questioned whether it should not form a section by itself in the neighborhood of the Ptychopterina.
The first longitudinal vein terminates in the upper branch of tho second at no great distance from the tip of the wing ; at tlie same point it is con- nected with the costa by an oblique cross-vein running in continuity with its terminal portion. There are three submarginal cells and a secondary discal cell. The large number of submarginal cells is due to the forking of the posterior branch of tlio second longitudinal vein, ju.st as two submarginal cells are formed in Anisoniera by tho forking of tho anterior branch of the same vein. The secondary discal cell is formed by tho division of the third submarginal cell by a cross-vein, which unites with the elbow of the basal portion of the lower branchlet of the fork of the second submarginal vein, and leaves two cells beyond the supplementary discal cell, just as thei'o are two cells (the first and second posterior) beyond the true discal cell ; the latter lies directly below the secondary discal cell, but is twice as largo as it. This is an anomaly quite unicjue, so far as I am awaro, among the Tipulidae.
CyTTAROMYIA FENE8TKATA.
PI. 5, Fig. 78. Cyttaromyiafenestrata Soadd., Bull. U. 8. Gool. Ocogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 751-753 (1877).
This species is represented by the portion of a wing and its reverse, containing a little more than the distal portion with nearly all tho important part of tho neuration. The striking peculiarities of this have been pointed out in the description of the genus ; but a few minor points, probably of specific value, may bo added. The second longitudinal vein originates far
576
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
back toward (perhaps before) the middle of the wing, and half-way to the tip forks abruptly, the anterior branch immediately arching over and running to a point just above the extreme tip of the wing ; the space between this portion of its course and the first vein is, infuscated, forming a stigma; the posterior branch forks half-way toward the tip, the upper branchlet being in almost direct continuity with the main branch, while the lower diverges suddenly from it and unites with the cross-vein from the third longitudinal vein, after which it runs parallel to the other branchlet ; the third longitud- inal vein springs from the posterior branch of the second directly after its origin. The first and occond jjosterior cells are of the same length as the lower two submarginal cells, and the discal cell is of a similar length. The lower part of the wing is confused from folding, but there is a cross-vein uniting the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins next the inner extremity of the discal cell ; the discal cell extends farther by its own width toward the base of the wing than the secondary discal cell, and there is a slight appear- ance on the stone, as if the middle of the cross-vein forming the inner limit of the discal cell were united by a cross-vein to the second longitudinal vein shortly before it branches, thus forming a prediscal cell of irregular shape and about as long vs broad.
Length of fragment, 5.5""" ; width of middle of wing, 2°"°.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.)
TIPULA Linnd.
TiPULA DECREPITA.
PI. 5, Figs. 5(), 57. Tipula det-reinta .Scuild., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 75a (1877).
A single specimen, poorly preserved, is to be referred to the genus Tipula (s. str.). The head is small, the antennal joints very slender, obo- vate, between two and three times as long as broad, the thorax well arched, and the abdomen indicating a female ; the legs are lacking ; both the wings are present, but poorly preserved, and one of them imperfect; even the perfect one is badly folded longitudinally, but the costal border is nearly nniiijnred, and indicates the generic aflinities, from the peculiar nature of the venation toward the apex; instead of forming toward the termination of the first longitudinal vein a lar^^e stigma-like cell, the second longitudinal vein aj)pears to form, with a slight vein springing from below, a long and
f I
DIPTEliA— TlPULIDiB.
577
exceedingly slender cell, above and outside of which the wing is slightly clouded.
Length of body without head, 6""' ; diameter of head, 0.6""" ; length of wings, 8.5""".
White River. (W. Denton.)
TiPULA TECTA. n. 5, Figs. 40, 47.
Tipula teela Scnd.l., Bull. U. S. Geol. Googr. Snrv. Torr., Ill, TSa-Wa (1877).
A single specimen preserved on a dorsal aspect is of a larger size than the other Tipulidce from this locality ; its precise relationship can not be determined until other specimens are discovered, as it has no head nor logs, except ^i very slender fragment of a tibia; and tl»e wings, being lon- gitudinally folded and partially concealed by the body, along which they lie, show only tliat the neuration is not discordant with that of the crane- flies, witlj wiiich its other features agree. The specimen is a female, with a slight, not greatly arched, thorax, and full and plump, though still slender, abdomen nearly as broad in the middle as the thorax.
Length of thorax, l.4™» ; breadth of same, 1.25™"' ; length of abdomen, 4.75™"'; breadth of same, Llo"""'; length of wings, T""
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton).
Tipula spoliata. PI. 10, Fig. 4.
Fragments of wings only are preserved in two of the specimens referred iiere ; but a third, in which tlie wings uniform in tint with dusky veins are thrown up parallel to each other in front of the head, shows also the body and part of the antennae, vvhicli are equal and sparsely covered with very short hairs. There is no trace of a stigma on any of the wings, and the cell at the place of the stigma is subfusiform in shape and nearly six times as long as broad, the third longitudinal vein arising only a little before the end of the great cross-vein. The discal cell is rather less than half as long again as broad, its lower inner angle is scarcely more than a right angle, and the fifth longitudinal vein is bent at a considerable angle at the VOL xiii 37
s-
■Hi!
1 I
578
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
great cross-vein, so that its apical portion and the sixth longitudinal vein converge rapidly. The tip of the wing is decidedly below the middle.
Length of body, 12.75"""; of wing, 14.5"""; breadth of same, 3.5™".
Green River, Wyoming, Three specimens, Nos. 15 and 74, 42, 43 and 44 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
TiPULA SEPULCHRI. PI. 10, Fig. 1.
A single specimen is ])reserved, showing a nearly complete wing (imperfect at the base), parts of the body, with the head and palpi and parts of the antenna;. The anteniuv are similar to those of T. spoliata, and the palpi of similar form and clothing but slenderer. The wing is slightly larger than in T. spoliata, with a distinct subtriangular stigma, but with no other marking about the dusky veins. The stigmatal cell has its lower bordering vein bent some way beyond the middle, and the cell is long and slender, fully eight times longer than broad, the third longitudinal vein arising from the tiecond much earlier than in T. spoliata, considerably before tiie lower end of the great cross-vein. The discal cell is about half as long again as broad, its lower inner angle much more than a right angle; the fifth longitudinal vein is scarcely bent where it strikes the great cross- vein, and its apical portion therefore scarcely converges with the sixth lon- gitudinal vein. The tip of the wing is oidy a little below the middle of the wing.
Length of wing, 15"'"'; breadth, 3.75""".
Green River, Wyoming. (Jne s{)ecimen, No. i) (Dr. A. S. Packard).
Family CHlRONOMIDyE ^A/'estwood.
CHIRONOMUS Meigeu.
Chironomus septus.
PI. 10, Fig. 8.
A single specimen in which the wings are imperfectly preserved, being obscured l>y the abdomen, over which they are folded The antenuiu are hidden. The body is preserved on a partially lateral view and has an S-shaped form, the head being closely appressed to the lower front of the thorax, which is elevated behind the middle, and the abdomen curved
DI PTEB A— OH I KONOM ID^.
579
upward, its tip rather indicating tiie specimon to be a male. The leg» are well preserved, and the wings so far as their venation can bo made out indicate a Chirononma. One antenna is preserved and is very slender indeed, about a third or a quarter the width of the front tibia and about as long as the eye; it is not shown on the plate and is obscure from its crossing the front tibia; its basal joint is rounded ovate, twice as stout as the stem, which is equal, with a blunt tip; no hairs can be detected except some exces- sively delicate ones close to the base, the only portion excepting the tip which is not obscured by the tibia; all the joints of the stem appear to be cylin- drical and in no way moniliform. The legs are of nearly equal length. Tho tibiic are slightly longer than the femora and of the length of the thorax; the first joint of the tarsi is less than half as long as the tibia, aud tho remainder of the tarsus a little more than half as long again as the first joint. The femora and tibire are sparsely clothed with very short delicate hairs, and tlie tibise and tarsi, and especially the latter, have in addition a few inferior rows of distant short delicate spines, a pair of which, aa short as the others, are apical in the tibia?, and perhaps aluo in the tarsal joints. Tho whole body is uniformly testaceous, slightly infuscated by the sparse clothing of short fine hairs.
Length of body, 3"'™; of thorax, 1.2"""; of legs, about 3.5""".
Green River, Wyoming One specimen, No. 10 (Dr. A. S. Packard),
ClIIRONOMUS DKPLETUS.
PI. 5, Fit,'. 62. ChironomiD deplefua .Scudtl., Hull. U. 8. Geol. Oaogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 744 (1877).
A single mutilated specimen of this insect remains, and is doubtfully referred to Chironomus. Tiie thorax is moderately robust and the abdo- men rather plump for a Chironomus. The antennie are broken, and only the costal border of one of the fore wings can be seen ; this shows that the second longitudinal vein terminates in the middle of the apical, and the first longitudinal apparently in the middle of <;lie basal, half of the wing. Tho legs are moderately long, slender, the tibia; finely spined, the spines arranged on the middle legs in a somewhat verticillate manner, and termi- nating with two or three long spurs ; the femora are rather short, the tibia) considerably longer, but not so long as the to.si.
M
580
TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Length of body, 3""" ; of wing, 2.3""" ; of fore femoni, 0.68""" ; of fore tibiii!, O-e"" ; of foro tarsi, 1"""' ; of middle tibioj, 1"'"' ; of middle tarsi,
I .)r,iuni
Cha'frin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Chikonomuh patkns.
PI. 5, FiKH. 1«, 1«, 28.
Ckironomut paleni 8cu<til., Hull. l>. H. Ovol. Uoi>)(r. Hiiiv. Turr., Ill, 744-74.'i (1877).
A single sfjecinien, very well pre.sorvod, represents a species which is provisionally referred to Oliironounis. Nearly all the parts are jiresent, and the nenration of one of the wings is nearly pert'et't, showing the stmcture of (^'hirononiidii', but differing apparently from any genus yet characterized. Tlut antenna' are parted and bent, but apparently perfect ; they .seem to be Hfteen-jointed, the joints square, the apical no larger than the others, and all apparently furnished (as indicated at one jtoint only) with a fringe of profuse, exceedingly delica)e hairs, as long as tho joints. The body is slen- der and the wings three times as long as l)road ; the costal vein runs oidy to the tip of the wing, and the margin beyond it is very faint ; the first lon- gitudinal vein runs uninterruptedly to the middle of the apical fourth of the wing ; the second l<tngitu<linal nearly to the tip ; the third longitudinal vein takes its rise from the second in the middle of the basal hiilf of the wing, and parts widely from the .second, leaving tin umisual space devoid of neura- tion ne.xt the apex of the wing; the fourth arises from the third rather abruptly a little beyond its l)ase, and has clo.se beneath it the remnant of a vein or a fold in the wing; the next vein forks ju.st beneath the origin of the fourth l(»ngitudinal vein, and leaves beneath it, next the posterior mar- gin, a broad space without veins ; the two basal cells are very short, and there appear to be no other transverse veins in the whole wing ; all the veins are hirsute. The legs are long and .slender, and covered with spinous hairs arranged in exact longitudinal rows, giving the legs a striped appear- ance under the microscope ; the femora are rather short, and the tibia": and tarsi of very nneipial length excepting on the hind legs; the tibiae and all the joints of the tarsi are furnished apically with small spurs.
Length of body, 3"""; antenna-, l'"'" ; wings, 2.1"""; fore femora, 0.5(f)"""; middle femora, 0.(j""" ; hind femora, O.H""" ; fore tibiw, 0.8""";
i i
<-^aMdc»niM
DIPTERA— CHIHONOMIDJ8.
581
middle tibite, 0.9""° ; liind tibisc, 1.4""° ; fore tarsi, LS""" ; middle tarsi, 2M"""; iiind tarsi, 2.1"™.
Clittgrin N'alley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Chironomitb sp.
Chironomui hj>. Scndd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 740 (1878).
A minute specimen apparently of tliis family. Unfortunately it has no wings, and little can be said of it more than to record its occurrence ; it is S™" long, has large eyes, a stout thorax, and altogether resembles a Chi- ronomus; it is however di'-'nct from any found in the White River shales.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 141 (F. C. A Richardson).
Chikonomiu^ sp. PI. 5, FigH. 32, 33.
An indeterminate species of this family, whose generic affinities can not be discovered from the entire absence of neuration in the wings and the loss of every other characteristic feature, presents a side view of the body with fragments of legs. The insect is minute, measuring but 2.1b""" long. It may possibly belong to the Cecidomyidre.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton) .
CHIKONOMIDiE sp. PI. 5, Fig. 24.
Another similar specimen, but distinct from the above, exhibits a dor- sal aspect, and little besides the trunk is left. The thorax is comparatively stout, the head nearly as broad as the thorax, and the abdomen very slender and equal. The body is 3.2.')"'"' long.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton).
CHIKONOMIDili: sp.
A third indeterminate species probably belongs to this group, but the specimen is too indistinct to be of much value. It is a female. The an- tennae are a little longer than the head, the head a little narrower than the abdomen, the latter tapering to a point. The costa of one wing is present and the rather short and moderately stout legs of the opposite side.
Length of body, 1.8"""; of middle femur 0.8""" ; of same tibiaj, CS™".
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton).
582 TEkTIAKY 1N8E0T8 OK NOUTH AMERICA.
Family CULICID^ Stephens. CULEX Linnt<.
GULKX DAMNATOKHM. ri. 10, Fig. 14 9.
None of the specimens referred liore hIjow niucli of the neiirntion of the wings excepting- purts of h)ngitu(linal veins, but the other charftctor- istics are tinniistnknblo. 1 lie eyes are surrounded by a fringe of curved hishes JiH long as the width of ihe eye. The antennae (all the Mpcciniens are females) are fully as long as the thorax, slender, tapering, the joints almost ihroe times as l<»r\g as broad, cylindrical, clothed sj)ar8ely with ex- cessively short hairs, and showing signs here and there of a thin whorl of fiiu^ hairs at the base of the joints a little longer than the joints themselves. Palpi about as long as the head, more than twice as stout as the basal j)or- tion of the antenna% the last joint almost obpyriform, l)luntly terminated, about three times as long as broad, and briefly hairy. Proboscis as stovit as the ])alpi, stouter than the fore tibia*, nearly or quite as long as the thorax. Legs long and slender, clothed sparsely with fine short spinous hairs, and the til)ia' with inferior rows of more distant, longer, but still brief spines, and the first joint of the tarsi with inferior rows of sluu-t, close set spines. Hind tarsi nearly as long as the abdomen.
Length of body, C""" ; of thorax, l.H""" ; of antennae, 2""" ; of proboscis, 1.9"'": of fore legs beyond coxa\ A.G""" ; of fore femora, 1.6"'"'; fore tibia?, l.H"""; fore tarsi, 2.2"'"'; hind femora, 21}"""; hind tibiae 2"""; hind tarsi (broken just .short of extremity), ',)""". Measurements from specimen figured.
Green Hiver, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. Ifi, 38, 39 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
CiJLKx I'ROAvrriJs.
ri. 5, FiKS. H, 9. Culex proarHu> Sciiild.. Hull. V. S. (l«i>l. Ocnur. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 744 (IH77).
A poorly preserved specimen in which only fragments of the legs can be seen, and the wings are .so crumpled and folded a.s to prevent tracing the neuration. Whai can be seen resemldes the neuration of the Culicida', and the veins and borders are heavily fringed with long hairs. 'V\ni body is
DIPTBRA— BIBIONID.E.
583
Hiendor and tlio itinoct miimto ; tho probnsciH is about an lon^ nn the hoad and tliorax conihinod, and tho hiHt joint of tho equally long palpi m ciinoato, the haHo rounded.
Length of body, 2.2""" ; of proboscis, 0.9""".
Foasil Canon, White River, Utah (VV. Denton).
CORETIIKA Moigen.
COHKTHKA EXITA.
PI. 5, FiRS. 2a, 23.
Coreihra etita Snudd., Hull. IT. S. Ueol. Ocotfr. Siirv. Tflrr., Ill, 744 (1877).
A specimen, viewed from above, witli expanded wings, and destitute of legs, palpi, and all but tho basal joints of the antennae. The broad head, stout basal joint of antenniv, general form and size, with such of the neura- tion of one wing as can bo determined, indicate the genus ; seven of the abdominal segments are very clearly marked, and the specimen appears to be a male. The body is slender; the head, thorax, and abdon'en of equal width ; the wings slender and of about equal length with tho body. The fourth longitudinal vein runs in a nearly straight line over tho basal half of its course, but is gently arched beyond ; tho fifth originates from tho fourth in the middle of its straight portion, runs nearly parallel with it so long as it continues straight, and afterward diverges considerably; the first longitudinal vein appears to run to the tip of tho wing.
Length of body, 4.25™'" ; of wing, 4.2.'>'"" ; breadth of latter, 0.8™"*.
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
Family BIBlONIDvE Westwood. PLECIA Wiedemann.
Plecia similkameena. PI. 3, Figs. 20-22.
Penthetria iiimilkameena Soudd., Roi.. Progr. Oool. Siirv. Can., lS77-t878, 177-179B (1879). Pleeia limilkameetta Sciidd., Zittel, Handb. d. Paliuont., I, ii, Hll, Fig. 1086 (1885).
Five specimens, three of them with their reverses, represent very fairly a species of Plecia, one of thorn certainly a male, and remarkably perfect. The body of this male is of nearly equal size throughout, scarcely thickened
584
TKllTIAUY INHKOTS OF NORTH AMKHICA.
at tlio thorax. Tlio inal(» atitiMiiiai ooiiHiHt of t(Mi jointM, and tlioy ar« moiiil- iforin, vory ^fuiitly and Hli<r)itly diMToaHin^ in nmi to tlio tip, tlut apical joint HinallnHt, all totj^otlior a iittitt lon^^or than tiio li(ti<rht of th«* h(!ad. I'C^)^ of th(* niah* Ion;r and HhMidci', all tho foniora of (>(|nal I(>n;rth (tho iniddlu pair piM'hapH a little HJinrtcr than flic otluirn), rtlif^htly thickened, especially on the apical half All tint tibia? ar(» Vi'vy lonjf, nlender, e(pial, c(»V' ri d l»elo\v with a dense cl(»thin<r of very <lelicate and Hhort hairs, and fnrnisi.ei, above with H row ( f ) of very short, delicate, niinnte, recinnbcnt spincH, the .ip(!X devoid of spin'H; th(f Hrst pair isalKMit as lon^ aH the fon? femora; the mtcond Im con- Hidenibly shorter than the middle femora, while the third pair is lonfrerthan the hind femora. The tarsi are scarcely sliort(tr than their resj)ective tibin); the lirat joint is nearly as loiii; as the rest of the tarsuH, oxc(*ptin}j; on the iniddio Icffs, where it only ecpials the two succeedinjif joints taken to;^ether; the remainin*^ joints are snbe(pial in Ien<;th (^on the middle lej^s the Hocond and third joints arc lon<^ur than th(> fourth and fifth), and the last is armed with a delicate pair of di verj^ent claws. The whole body and the appen<la<^e8 are black. The win^^s are fnli^finous, deepening in tone toward the front margin; they are nearly as lon«^ as the body and abont three times as \ou\r ns l)road. Tla* first and seccmd longitudinal veins are straight and approx- imate to the front margin, the latter .striking it scarcely beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, the former at about the middle of the third quarter; the third longitudinal vein diverges from the second at some dis- tance before the middle of the wing, is connected by the middle transverse vei'i a little beyond the middle of the wing to the fourth longitudinal vein, and forks either at a little more (0 or at a little less (j) than one-third the distjinco from the cross- vein to the apex of the wing,' tlas lower brancdi striking the tip, while the other, strongly curved, strikes the margin at about one-third (/), or a little more than one-third ( ?), the distance from the apex of the second to that of the lower branch of the third longitiulinal Viiin ; the fourth longitudinal vein is very nearly straight until it forks, con- Hideral)ly (^) or a littler (i) nearer tlij middh* transvers(> vein tlian the origin of the fork of the vein aI)ove ; the branches part widely at ba.se, the upper more arcuate than the lower; the fifth longitudinal ''cin forks as far from the base of the wing as the divererencio of the .second and third longitudinal
'Tim MfXKHiu tliiN Ki^iiiiH ilillVr in tiriintKiti, and, nH tlin xviii^ attaclii'il to tint lioily ortliii iiiiilit <lif- li'rsfi'.iiii tliodtliiT wiM;;^ in tin* iiarticiil.ir uIiovh niiMiiinninl, I look upon the othurM U8 beluiigiuK to fciiiiiloH of till) mtiiiit .spuvli!H, unil (li'itvrllio tliuiu uucordingly.
DlI'TKKA-HIBIONlDit:.
585
vpitiH, i]w iijn)*'!' In'iiiicli lu'iiij; cotiDorttMl jiiHt Ix^yond it« oriKiii witli tlio t'oiirtli loii^itiidiiiul v<<iii, wliirli \h of tlu> huiiio litn^th iih tim uiiiliilo tmiiH- vormt voin, ami Vwh iih fur within an tliiit without the nii(Mh» of tlie winjf. In iioiH) of thu Hpt>(Min(>iiM (owiii^r to iiiipctl'oct primcrvatioii; can the Hixth hingitiiilitinl V(*iii lio tnicctl iK-yoiul the huHiil tranHV(>rm> vjmii.
l-<'ii;rtli of hody, 11"""; lirciidtli of thorax, 1.7r» '; of ah(h)incii, 1.1""'";
loiiffth of fomom: fon» 3.f>"'"', middh- ;J.5 (f) '"", hind M.rr"'; of tihia-: foro
a.firi""", nii(hlh» :\:2rt""", hind 4"'"' ; of tarni : foro 3 , inichllo 2.75"'"', lund 3.ri""";
of firxt joint of taisi; fort* \A""", niichllo 1"'"', hind l.f)'""'; htnffth of winf;;, 10"""; hrcadth of Manm, H.h""". All tho UKtaHnnMnnntH are taken from the nude.
Sinnlkanioen River, Hritish Ccdnnihia. Five HpeeinienH, Nob. Y6, 79- 8.'{ (Dr. (i. M. DawHon, Oeolojrieal Survey of Canada).
Plkcia pkalki. PI. 4, FlRH. 2,.'«, 10,11,13.
'I'luH HpecieH differs from I*, similkatncena mainly in a single point, the earlier forkinjf of the fourth longitudinal vein, the stalk of which in as short as or shorter than the middle transverse vein, while in the Hritish Columbia speeies it is a])out twice as long. The superior fork of the third longitud- inal vein is also a trifle shorter, although it does not appear to arise any earlier. The cross-vein muting the fourth longitudinal vein with the branch of the fifth (next its base) is not shown in the Hgiu'es, and the neuration is imperfect in Figs. 2 and 3 at several points. The species is of the same size as 1'. simiikameena, 1)ut a couple of specimen.s, thought at first to l)e distinct from apparent differences in their obscure neuration, but which turned otit to be identical on closer inspection, are somewhat smaller than the average. Tlu* species nuist have beeji exceedingly conunon in the beds at Twin Creek, Wyoming, for out of more than fifty specimens of fossil insects (d)tained for mo l)y the brothers Hell at their coal bed all but one or two belong to this species. They are preserved in a whitish fetid shale. They are mostly in a very poor state of preservsvtion, the best of them being shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 11, the l-ust showing the average size. Much better specimens, however, were obtained by Dr. A. C. Peale in October, 1877, in beds on the same creek, about thirty-five to forty miles northeast of Ramlolph, on a darker shale, where the specimens were equally abundant
586
TEUTIARY INSECTS OF l^ORTH AMERICA.
and excellently preserved, as see Figs. 10 and 12. Dr. Peale brought home nine slabs, numbered 1 to G, containing ten specimens, with reverses of four of them. Three or four good specimens were also sent me from Twin Creek by Prof. J. S. Newberry, and were then taken for the preceding 8j)ecie8..
Nam<Hl for the geologist Dr. A. C. Peale, who has been quick in the discovery of insect-bearing shales in the West.
Plecia dejecta. PI. 10, Fig. 17.
Tliis species is in most respects ne.irer P. similkameena than P. pealei from the neighboring region to the north, but it is considerably smaller than the former and than most specimens of the latter ; a single well pre- served and nearly perfect specimen has been found, in marked contrast to the abundance of P. pealei to the north. As in P. pealei the superior branch of the third superior vein is no longer, or scarcely longer, than the distance from the median transverse vein to the origin of the branch, while, on the other hand, it resembles P. siinilkameena in that the length of the median transverse vein is double that of the distance from it to the fork of the fourth longitudinal vein, represented a trifle too short on the plate. The legs are as in the other species as far as noted.
Length of wing, 7.5""" ; breadth of same, 3"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming One specimen. No 8 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
: ,S;
! 1
Family MYCETOPHILID/G Westwood. SCIAKA Meigen.
SCIARA DErKRKITA. PI. 3, FiR. 17. Sciara depgrdita Scmlil., Rt-p. Pronr. (Um.I. Siirv. C'liu., l^'7(^-lHT7, 457-4.^8 (1878).
The remain^ of this species consist of a single perfect wing and the fragHKjnts of an eye whose facets are 0.01 05""" in diameter. The wing is oval and regularly rounded, with a sonuiwhat abrupt inner angle, the sur- face covered witli microscopic hairs. Judging from Winnertz's descriptions this insect must be more nearly allied to S. ungulata Winn, than to any
DIPTERA— MYCBTOPniLIDiE.
687
other of the numerous species mentioned in his monograph of the group. The costal and first and second longitudinal veins, tojjether with the cross- veins uniting the two latter, are much heavier and darker than the other veins of the wing ; the veins near the cent(5r of the wing and from there toward the base are more delicate and fainter than elsewhere; but this perhaps is due to their indifferent preservation ; the costal vein, which scarcely fails of reaching the tip of the wing, is covered with fine and short spinous hairs. The first longitudinal vein strikes the middle < f the costal margin, and the cross-vein below unites it at the middle with the second longitudinal vein ; the auxiliary vein is very obscure though broad and scared)' extends more than half-way to the cross-vein, in close juxtaposi- tion to the first longitudinal vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is equally faint, oblique, uniting the middle of the auxiliary vein with the costal mar- gin. The second longitudinal vein is strongly bowed and extends nearly to the tip of the costal vein. Tlie basal undivided part of the third longi- tudinal vein is straight, originates from the second barely beyond the tip of the auxiliary vein, and forks somewhat abruptly at the middle of its course and just beyond the extremity of the first longitudinal vein ; shortly beyond their origin the forks are very nearly straight and quite parallel to the tip, the upper fork striking exactly the tip of the wing; the tips of the two forks and of the second longitudiuiil vein are equidistant, and the costal vein terminates midway between the extremity of the second and of the upper fork of the third longitudinal vein ; the ti{) of the fourth is slightly farther from that of the lower fork of the third longitudinal vein than the separation of the two forks. The fourth and fifth longitudinal veins are straight and subparallel at base*, beginning to diverge where they bend downward, just beyond the middle, the tip of the fourth lying about mid- way between that of the iifth and the lower fork of the third longitudinal vein. The sixth longitudinal vein is rudimentary and very indistinct, extending less than a (piarter-wav toward the margin.
Length of whig, 2.7;')""" ; breadth, 1.25""".
Quesnel, Hritisli Columbia. One specimen, No. 44 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
588
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
SCIARA 8C0PULI. PI. 10, Fig. 10.
A little slab brought home by Dr. Puckiinl has two flies upon it in close proximity, one preserved on a dorsal, the other on a lateral aspect. The venation in both is obscuire, but they apparently belong to the Sciarina at least. The head is rather small, the antennu' are rather coarse, cylindrical, equal, shorter than the thorax. Legs very long, exceedingly slender, the tibia! without apical thorns, or rather without conspicuous thorns, all the legs covered with excessively delicate aculil'orm hairs. Wings with only two distinct veins, which run nearly parallel, not far fron. the front border, and the second of which terminates a little above the middle of the ti[), and below it a deeply forked vein, apparently nnich as in Sciara proper.
Length of body, 3.2r»""" ; of antenujc, 1"""; of legs, 4.2r>"'"' ; of wings,
Qmni
Green Itiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 2. (Dr. A. S. Packard)
MYCETOPIIILA Meigen.
Mycetoi'iiila occultata.
i I
PI. .'}, Figs. 44, 45, 54, 5.5.
Mywtophila oociiUaia Scudd., Bull. IJ. S. Oeol. Oeogr. Siirv. Torr., Ill, "KJ (1877).
A single poorly preserved specimen and its reverse present an upper view of the in.sect, with the wings folded over the back, the legs crowded together, and the anteniuv lying beside the body. The antennie are about as long as the head and tlionix, the joints scarcely longer than broad, nearly cylindrical, scarcely at all moniliform. The legs are comparatively slender, hairy, and unarmed, not very long. The character of the venation shows the insect t<t Itelong to the .Mycetopiiilida', but what gtuius is repre- sented is soMiewiiat obscure thr(»ugb doul)t of the exact location of .some of the veins : neither the auxiliary vein nor aiiv of the basal veins ab(tve it can be seen, nor can the axillary be traced; judging from the other veins, it is probablv allied to Mvcetophila, although, in the possible presence of a second cross-vein uniting the cubital vein with the extremity of the radial, it should be referred to a distinct genus, probably allied to Kmplieria aiul
H
DIPTBBA— MYOETOPHILIDiEJ.
589
Tetragoneura. The presence of a such a vein being- doubtful, we have pre- ferred to point out its affinity tc» Mycetopliihi. The radial vein ends in the middle of the outer two-thirds of the costa, and at its tip a distinct stigma, nearly three times as long as broad, occupies tlie space between the radial and costal veins. The tip of the wing is broken on one specimen and ob.?cured on the otiier, so that the length of the costal vein can not be deter- mined, although it appears to extend slightly beyond the tip of the cubital vein ; the cubital is cormected by the cross- vein to the radial but a short distance from its origin, and bends but little upward from the median vein to reach it ; the middle discal vein, on the contrary, bends downward con- siderably, and forks at a distance from the base, less than half-way from the median cross-vein to the tip of the radial vein, and an unusually broad space is left between its upi)er branch and the cubital vein, while the fork of the hind vein is nearer the base than the separation of the cubital from the median vein.
Length of body, 3.r)""" ; antennte, l.l™"" ; wings, 3.5™"' ; tibia? (of fore legs ?), 0.75""" ; tarsi (of same legs), 0.4""".
Chagrin Valley, White Uiver, Colorado. One specimen. (W. Denton.)
ANATELLA Winnertz.
Anatella tacita. PI. 10, Fig. Vi.
A single specimen with damaged wings is referred here. The antennre are as long as tlie thorax, slender, equal, (covered with line short hairs. The legs are long and slender, the tarsi apparently longer than the tibi.-c, the latter armed apically with a pair of exceedingly long unequal spines, and all the legs tliickly clotlied with rather coarse spinous hairs. Wings dusky, the venation obscure, but apparently as in Anatella, there being no sio-n of any auxiliary vein beyond the base, the stalk of the upper discoidal vein apparently short and the fork of the lower a little further out than that of the upper discoidal vein.
Length of body, 4™"'; of antennae, 1.5™"'; of tarsi, 1.75"™; of wing (estimated), 3.2"'™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14. (Dr. A. S. Packard.)
Ir
590 TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
TRICHONTA Winnortz.
Tbiciionta dawsoni.
PI. 3, Figs. 12, 13. IViokonia datctoni Scudd., Hop. Ptogr. Gool. Siirv. Can., 1H7:,-I87<i, U72 (1S77).
A very well preserved though fragnumtary specimen must unquestioii ably be referred to this g'emis, and is named for its discoverer, ''^he greater part of one wing, the basal half of the other, including between them all the characteristic parts of the neuratioi', with crushed fragments of the thorax and abdomen, make up the remains of the creature. The veins of the wing are black, especially the upper ones, which are heavily marked ; the wing is covered with micrt)scopic hairs, and slightly infuscated throughout, but on the apical (juarter becomes dark fuliginous. Tiie neuration agrees in every particular, to the miiuitest degree, with the figure of Trichonta given by Winnertz, excepting that the iifth longitudinal vein forks ccmsiderably nearer the base, and the sixth longitudinal vein extends farther into the mid- dle of the wing.
Estimated length of wing, 4.75™'" ; breadth of same, 1.85""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. G (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
RYMOSIA Winnertz.
RyMOSIA 8TKANGULATA. PI. 10, Fig. 2.
A single specimen in which most of the legs and one wing, of winch the apex is lost, is all that remains of this species. Unfortunately the draw- ing is incorrect in two particulars: iIk? transverse median vein which is at about the middle of the fragment, and is very obscurely pioserved, is not given ; and the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is scarcely half so hwig as represented, although the fork of the lower discoidal vein is still nearer the base. The cubital vein, which nuist terminate rather far above the apex of the wing, is not in the least bent at the transverse median vein. The legs are hairy and tolerably well thougii delicately spined.
Probal)lt' length of wing, 3"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 11 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
DIPTEKA— MYCETOPHlLIDiB. 591
BRACHYPEZA Winnertz.
Brachypeza abita.
rj. 3, Figs. 7, 8.
}irachype:a abita Sciuld., Rop. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 271-372 (18T7).
This species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse in which tlie wings and an obscure and detached fragment of the abdomen are present. Tlie wing appears to be devoid of markings. The auxiHary vein does not fixirly impinge upon the first longitudinal vein, but bends toward it and then vanishes ; in other respects the neuration of the base of the wing is precisely as figured by Winnertz for Brachypeza ; so, too, are the origin, course, and position of all the principal veins and the cross-vein, but th^ branches of tlie fiftli longitudinal vein unite perhaps a little farther from the base, viz : scarcely nearer the base than the point of separation of the united third and fourth longitudinal veins from the second ; the sixth longitudinal vein is perfectly straight, and terminates quite as far from the base of the wing as the small transverse vein ; the anal vein is regularly curved, about as long as the sixtli longitudinal vein, runs parallel to the border beside it, and terminates on the lower margin.
Length of wing, 4"'" ; breadth of same, 1.3/)""".
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 3 and 16 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
Brachypeza pkocera. PI. 3, Fig. U.
lirachijpcza proccra Scadd., Rop. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1870, 272 (1877).
The single specimen of this species is in a very fair state of preservation, almost the entire neuration of the wings being preserved, m well as frag- inents of the body and other appendages. The wings are fuliginous, more deeply next the costal border. The neuration of the extreme base is lost, and the remainder differs from that of B. abita only in the lower half of the wing; the branches of the lifth longitudinal vein unite nearer the base than in that species, resembling, hi tliis respect, the illustration of Brachypeza given by Winnertz ; the lower branch curves strongly toward the tip, diverg- ing unusually from the upper branch ; the sixth longitudinal vein is straight,
; 1
Ill
592
TEllTIAIiY INSECTS OP NOBTO AMEKICA.
■
I
and runs far past the forking of the fifth vein, fully two-thirds the way to the margin of the wing ; the anal vein curves but gently, and appears to vanish before reaching the margin of the wing.
Length of wing, 3.5"""; breadtli of same, l.S"""'.
Quesnol, British Columbia. One 8i)ecimen, No. 4 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
GNOUISTE Meigen.
GnOKISTE DKNTONI.
I'l. 5, Figs. (>, 7.
Onorisledentoni Houdd., Hull. 'I. S. (ieiil. (Joogr. Siirv. Torr., Ill, 7r>,'( (1877).
A single specimen, a little broken, but otherwise in g<K>d preservation. The head and thorax are nearly black, the abdomen dark fusco-castaneous. I^egs and base of antenna* fuscous. Wings iiitlier narrower at tip than in [lie European G. apicalis llotfni., hyaline, covered with inicro.scopic hairs, with a very slight and increasing infuscatioii toward the apex, the veins testaceous, the co.st^d and second and third longitudinal veins much heavier than the others, ami the fifth loiigitudinal vein with its lower fork scarcely heavier than the veins abcmt it. Tiie extreme tip of both wings is broken, so that the extent of the costal vein can not be seen ; but, in the approach of the proximal end of tlie fork of the fifth longitudinal vein to the root of the wing, the species agrees with the American G. megarhina O. S. more than with the Kun»pean species mentioned, for it lies scarcely farther from the base tlian the transver.se vein connecting the first ami second longitudinal veins, and slightly nearer than the sc|»aration of the third and fourtli longi- tiulinal veins ( )nly the ba.sal four joints of the antenme are preserved; the basal joint is obconic, broadly nMinded at the apex, nearly twice as long as broad, the other three cylindrical, the .seccmd nearly half as long again as broad, the thinl and fourth less tlian a third longer than broad. The legs are profusely covered with liairs, but the hinder pair appear to be sj)ineles8, except at the apex of the tibia an<l of each tarsal joint, where there are three or four slender and rather short spines; the claws are very small and delicate, strongly curved and delicately pointed; the short tibia': of the front legs, however, have at least a single row of tine, distant spines on the upper (?) edge.
:, i ! i^ 1^
DIl'TEKA— MYCETOlMlLIDiE.
698
Lengftli of body, 4.4"'"' ; first joint of antennae, 0.2"'"' ; second joint, 0.125"'"' ; third and fourth joints e;\cli, 0.1 1""" ; wings, 4.5"'" ; middle (?) tarsi, 2.2"'"'; first joint of same, 1.1"""; second, 0.4.V'"" ; third, 0.28"'"'; fourth, 0.2"'"'; fifth, 0.17"""; claws, 0.038™"'.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton).
BOI.ETINA Stager.
BOLETINA SEPULTA.
PI. 3, Fig. 9.
BoteUna nepiilla Scnrtd., Rep. Progr. Oeol. Siirv. Can., 187.5-1870, 871 (1877).
A fragment of a single wing and a portion of the abdomen represent this species. It is accompanied by l*i>npla dccessa. The wing is moder- ately broad, and faintly fuliginous; the costal, auxiliary, and first and second longitudinal veins are heavily impressed, broad, black, and devoid of the microscopic hairs which uniforn)ly cover the membrane of the wing and the other veins ; these latter are faintly impressed, slender, and testa- ceous. The co.stal vein is bristly; the base of the wing is *> oken, so that only the tip of the auxiliary vein can be seen, wliicii terminates on the costal margin scarcely before the small transverse vein; the latter is conspicuously oblique, directed from above, downwaid and outward ; the first and second longitudinal veins are pretty strongly curved downward at tip ; the veins below these *'ork a little farther out than in the ocheme of Holetina, as figured ])y Winnertz, and the sixth longitudinal vein terminates just beyond the junction of the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins.
Length of fragment, 3.75'"'"; estimated length of wing, 6""'; breadth of wing, 2.15"'"'.
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. O*" (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
lioLE'riNA UMRRATICA.
PI. 10, Fig. X
From the size of the abdomen, the single specimen known seems to be
a female A fragment of one antenna is preserved together with parts of
the legs, especially of the tibiic, which are very delicately spined, though
no apical spurs are seen. The hind tarsi of one side are also preserved
VOL XIII 3S
604
TERTIAUY INSECTS OK NORTH AMKUICA.
■■:. 1}
i ? I-
i ?
I ;
aixl are t'(|iial in IcMi^tli to the tarai. The win^H sliow iiiimt of the iieum- tioii. . The auxiliary vein teriniriatea on tlie costa before the middle of the winjf opposite the traiiHverse median vein. The radius ternnnates soii.e distance and tl>e cubitus slightly before the tip of the vviiiff. The uj per discoidal vein forks about one «iuarter way to the margin, and the lower discoidal before the origin of the uj»per discoidal vein.
Length of lody, 3.5"'"'; of wings, 2.r»'''"'; breadth of same, 1.1"'"': length of hind tibia', l.f)""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 37 (Prof. L. A. Lee).
• BOLETINA PALL'UIVAOA. PI. 10, Fig. 7.
The venation ia not correctly drawn, the auxiliary vein v. hich reaches nearly to the middle of the wing not being shown; the radius should curve upward at the middle of the wing and be connected with the cubital just j)revious to this curve ; the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is short. The legs are moderately stout but long, densely clothed with delicate hairs, the tibia' with long apical thorns.
Length of body, 2.r) "'"' ; of wings, 2.2;7""'; of tarsi, 1.35"'"'.
Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 5, 40 (Dr. A. S.
Packard).
SACKKNIA Scudder.
Saikntia Scndd., Hull. U. S. Gii.l. Oiogr. Siiiv. T«-ir., Ill, 7.'i;t-7.'i4 (1»77).
Body shaped nuich as in Boletina. Antenna' longer than the thorax, one-fourtli slenderer at the si\)ex than near the base, gently curved, 2-|- 14- jointed. Legs very long and slender; femora and tibia' of about equal length; tarsi a little longer than the tibia; tlu* hind tibia and tarsi together a little longer than the abdomen; the tibia with one or two apical spurs beneath and spined throughout. Wings rather broad ovate; the smaller veins at the extreme base obliterated in the specimen examined; auxiliary vein ter- minating on the costa beyond the end of the basal third, the first longitudi- nal vein in the middle of the outer half; the second longitudinal vein is unusually curved downward at the tip, so as almost to reach the apex of the wing; the united third and fourth longitudinal veins j»art from the sec- ond very near the ba.se of the wing or within the small transverse vein ;
I !
DII'TKUA— MYCETOPH1LIDJ5.
595
thoy divide near the center of the wing, and the (iftliand sixth longitudinal m near the 1>aHe an tlie third and fourth; the mxth h>ngitudinal vein in straight, and appears to readi the margin of the wing.
The genus resenibhjs Holetina more than any of the genera figured by Winnertz, hut differs strilvingly from it in the approximation to tlie base of the forking of the third aiul fourtii, and of the fifth and sixtli longitudinal veins. In this particular it closely resembles the Sciarimi, but on the other hand differs frtnn them to a greater degree in the length of the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins, and in that the former reaches the costa. The c(»stal vein does not iinj)ear to pass beyond tJie tij) of the second hmgi- tudinal vein, but this point is obscure.
I have dedicated this genus to the distinguished dij)terologist, Uaron Osten Sacken, to whom I am indebted for many suggestions in the deter- mination of the.se fossils.
Sackknia arcuata.
PI. 5, Fig8. 3, 4, 13, 13.
Sackeiiia arcuata Sciiild., Bull. U. S. Oedl. Geogr. Siirv. Ton-., lit, 7:>4-75.'> (1877) ; in Zittel. Hautlb. d.
Piiliwmt., I, ii, 811, Fig. lOHH (IHf^'i).
This species is represented in part by a female specimen, more than usually well preserved. The body is pale testaceous; the wings wholly hyaline, but the veins faint testaceous; the antenna! are a little longer than the head and thorax together, very slender, of the color of tli« thorax ; the basal joints are subglobular, slightly broader than long, the remainder twice as long as broad, and beyond the middle of the antennae slightly monili- form. In the wings, the ba.se of the hinder coll, using Winnertz's terminology, lies within the base of the upper discal cell, both being nearer the base of the wing than the middle transverse vein, while the ba.se of the middle dis- cal cell is far outside of either of thoie, near the center of the wing. The costal vein appears to terminate where tiie cubital reaches the margin, and the axillary vein nearly or (juite reaches the border. The legs are partly detached, and the ))asal portion of the front pair <d>scure, but it looks as liiough the front tarsi wero about three times as long as the front tibi;«, which is hardly probable
Length of body, r).(^.^""'' ; antenupe, 2""" ; wings, 4.2.')'""'; hind femora, .'5"""; hindtibi:y, 2'"'"; hind tarsi, 2.4"""; fore tarsi, 2""".
an
I
596
THUTIAUV IN8KUT8 OF NOKTU AMKKICA.
tic
A rtocond Hperinion of tlio HUiiie «|KH'i«H Ih Hiiniliirly prosorvcd, hut ks the winiTH. Tin* l«'ir«, liowover, iiiv better Dreservcd, and show u
l>
pair of apical spurs to the til)iii'. The aiiteniiie are imperfect, hut the pro- boscis is seen. 'I'he leiijrtli of the curved hody is a littK) more than ftj}""". The Icffs are th'tached and «-onfused, s(» that it is impossible to se|)arate the ujiddle and hind leffs; one lejjf (a front leg, to judge from its length) has the following measiu'ements: fenmr I.'i"'"', tibia, 1.4'""', tarsi 1.7"""; another (probably a hind leg): femur 2.1 (f)""", tibia •_'.iiV""', tarsi 1.7f»'"'": another (probably the opposite »»f the same): tibia "2.26""", tarsi l.To'""'. Appar- ently, all the tarsi are broken. The tibial spines, both in this and the Hrst- mentioned specimen are delicate, and a little more than half as long as the thickness of the tibia'.
CI
ia<rnn
Vail
ey.
White Uivtr, Colorado. Two speci
pecunens.
(W,
Denton.)
Sackknia f sp.
PI. 5. Fijr. 50.
Another and far smaller species of Sackenia seems to be indicated by the imperfect tntgmen, of a wing and an »d)scure body. The third longi- tiulinal vein is wrongly drawn as if united to the second instead of to the fourth. 'I'he coimiion stem of the latter is joined t(t the second very shortly before their union, this being etfected nearer the l)ase of tiie wing than in S. arcuata.
Length of body. 2 : |)rol)able length (»f wing. l.fi""".
Fossil Canon, White Kiver, Utah. One specimen, No. 33' (W. Den- ton).
Sackenia sp.
Sarkenia up. .Somld.. Hull. l". S. (ifol. OcoKr. Surv. Terr.. IV, T.'>n i\H'H).
A specimen of Mr. Richardson's collection re|)resents a species of .Mycetnphi!id;e apparently belonging to this genus, so far as can bo deter- mined. It clo.sely resembles Sackenia arcinita from the White Kiver shales, but differs from it in its smaller size and in possessing a proportionally larger and m(»re arched thorax : the legs also appear to be shorter, liesides the bodv and (indistinctly) the antenuie and legs, oidy the upper portions of the wind's remain, consisting of the costal maririn and first and .second longi-
Dll'TKKA— MYCKTOPHILID.K.
597
tiuliiml voinw, with tlio rroHH-voin unitiii},' thorn ; thcHO wholly agree with the Hiiine t'eiitureH in S. lu'cuuta, oxceptin^r that the Hecond Inngitiuliinil vein terminates a little higher up.
Length of body, ;?.7r)""'' ; of wings, 2.9""".
Green River, Wyoming. One speeimen, No. 7 (F. C A. Kichard»on).
ANACLINIA VVinnertz.
Anaclinia J wp. PI. 0, FiR. V2.
Another Hpecimen undoubtedly to be referred to the Mycotoi)hilida> i» figured in PI. 9, Fig. \'2, but tiio fragment of the wing preserved is so obscured by the overlying legs that a nearer determination is impossible. It seems, however, to fall in the neigliborlu^od of Anaclinia or Gnoriste, but the weaker parts of tiie neuration and the origin of the veins are so obseure that no closer determination can be made. The hrst longitudinal vein is longer than usual, reaching to Ijeyond the tip of the wing, and the termina- tion of the .second is about midwav between that of the first and that of the third. The antenna' are moderatelv slender, about as lony as the thorax with cylindrical joints about twice as long as broad.
Length of body, 2.G""" ; wing, '2 A""".
Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. <JG (Prof. Leslie A. Lee).
SCIOPIIILA Meigen.
SCIOPHILA HYATTII. PI. 10, Fig. C.
Some fragments of legs and one wing are all that remain of the single specimen of this species. Most of the neuration of the wing, and especial! v of the more important portions, can be made out, but an error occurs in the drawing, in the omission of the brachial vein, characteristic of this group of Mycetophilidiu. The species is peculiar in that the auxiliary vein bends downward and terminates on the radius above the middle cell, showing no branch to the costa. The radius terminates far out toward the tip of the win<;. The middle cell is more than twice as long as broad. The cubitus term-- ates at the extreuie wing-tip; the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is
I
m
! I
598
TKIITIAUY IN8KCT8 OP NOUTII AMKUK^A.
ghort, not nioro than liiilf m loii); uh \ho inidillo coll (lioro ii}>'aiii tliu platu JH iiia('(Mii-ato)i iiixl tlio lower «liM(H)i<lal vein forkH, apparuiitly, iKfforo tlio bano of tho upper diMcoidal Htalk, hut this point in ohHcure; tho hrovity of the lattor \h rcniarkahlo for a Sc^iophila.
Lt'M^rth of will},' (eHtiniattul), 5/)' ; hreadth, 2""".
Named for my leariiod friend and comrade, IVof Alpheun Hyatt, of Cand)ridyft.
(ireen River, Wytuninjf. One Hpecimen, No. !>!> (Prof ii. A. Leo).
niADOCIDIA Kuthi^.
DiADOCIDIA f TEKKICOKA.
PI. 10, FiKH. 10, II.
niaiUiriiliaf lerricola S.iiilil., Hull. V. H. OboI. (J.toKr. Siirv. Terr. IV, 7.'.0 (1H7H).
This species is founded upon a sinj^le wiiijf found hy Mr. Richardson, diU'erin^f to such a de<f ree from Diadocidia that I place it here only because the only other reasonable course would be to refer it tt» a ncnv fjenus, which would necessarily be conjectural, from the imperfection of the fragnuiiit. If a transverse vein exists iu the middle of tho winj^, it must unite the fourth lon<;itudinal vein with the second, and not, as in Diadocidia, with tho third. The vf\i\<f itself is shapcMl nuich as in Diadocidia, and, at least near its costal border, is covered with i'luv hairs arranj^ed in rows parallel to tho cour.se of the neijfhboriu}; veins ; one of these rows in the co.stal cell is so distinct as to appear like a vein parallel to and lyin<j^ within the auxiliary vein. The auxiliary vein terminates in the costal margin far beyond tho middle of the win<»', a feature apparently unknown in Mycetophilichv ; tho first lon<ritudinal vein terminates only a littU farther beyond, and as in Diadocidia there i.s no transverse vein connec(in<f them ; the second longi- tudinal vein terminates a little above the apex of the win};. cin"vin<r (h)wn- ward at its extremity and apparently surpa.ssed a little by the mar<rinal vein ; the third lonr^itudinal vein originates from the second at only a short distaiK^e before the mifldle of the wing, and soon forks, or at about the middle of the wing; the fourth longitudinal vein is perhaps connected with the second at the point where it parts with the first by a cro.ss-vein perpen- dicidar to the costal margin; at least, it is elbowed at this point, its basal portion running parallel to the costal margin to the fifth longitudinal vein,
ll ! >
DirTHttA-MYCKTOPIIILlDvK.
5U1)
wliidi, Ixtyotul thii4 point, Iiiih u )j;ontlo HiniiouH cotirHu, and ilivoi'ffOH nitlior Htrotij^Iy from tliu fourth ; tlie mxtli vuiii ciui not bo trtiooil, iiltliou^li tliu axillary Hold itt broatl, vory inutili aH in Diadocidia, and tliu inner niarjrin diHtinct
IVohablo length of winjr, :16 ; its broadth, 1.45"'"'.
Oreon Uivor, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 126 (F. C. A. Uieh- ardson).
MYCETopiiiLin.f, spp.
ri. 10, FiR. 13.
HoniW., null. U. H. Qeol, Oeogr. «iirv. Terr., IV, 750-751 (1878).
Throe otliei Hpories of Mycotophilidic occur among tho HpecimouH col- lected by Mr. Bowditch and myself at Groon River, Wyoming, but they are indeterminable from their fragmentary condition. One of them, No. 41.'J4 (1*1. 10, Fig. 12), has indeed the remnant of a wing, but the portion of tho venation preserved is only sufticiently characteristic to eiuible us to judge that it belongs in this family The thorax is strongly arched, and tho full and tapering abdomen indicates a female. Tiie head is gone.
The thorax and abdomen are 'M)""" long, and the wing probably 3"'"' long.
Another of them, from the same place, No. 4114, has a portion of the base of a wing in which the forking of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins is very close to the base, as in Sackenia, but nothing more can be said c(»ncerning it; the thorax is very globular aiul the abdomen short.
Length of thorax and abdomen, 3.65""".
The third species is ropresented by two specimens on one stone (No. 4205) which came from the high buttes opposite Green Rivcsr Station, and is the only fly which had the slightest value found in four days' search at that spot. One of tho specimens is a j)upa and tho other an imago, appar- ently of tho same species and distinct from either of the preceding, with a longer thorax and slenderer abiloinen, provided with largo ovate anal lob(;s.
Length of thorax and abdomen, S""".
«00
TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
I (
Family CECIDOMYID^ Westwood.
LASIOPTERA Meigen.
Lasioptera kecessa.
PI. 5, Figs. 29-31.
TMnioptera recnta Scmlil., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IIF, 745-740 (1877).
A single specimen of a minute fly, with the antenna* perfect, the body preserved on a side view, with j)arts of the legs and the wings folded together over the back, raised from the body. The head is moderately large and appears to be a little narrower than the thorax. The antenna} show fourteen joints, without counting the basal joint, and perhaps one or two more next the base, where the antennje are parted ; the joints are sub- monilifonn, slightly broader than long, subequal ; the last joint subconical, twice as long as broad. The wiiigs show a ])rincipal vein, which strikes the costa about the middle, and ap|)arently another, striking the costa half- way between tliis and the tip, a feature which does not accord with the structure of the Cecidomyidic generally ; but the wing at this point is very obscure, so that the appearance may be accidental. The legs are apjjar- ently about as long as the Ijod}' and rather slender.
Length of body, 1.4"""; of antennjv, ().«)"'"'; wings, 1""".
Wliite River, near the Colorado- Utah boundary. One specimen. (W. Denton.)
UTIIOMYZA Scudder(A/0.>?, /iii^^Gj).
f.ilhomyza .><ciiii(l., Bull. V. S, Gaid. GiMigr Siirv. Torr., Ill, 740 (1H77).
Ocelli present. Antenna- nine-jointed, scarcely longer than the tnorax, the lirst joint cylindrical, the remainder submoniliform, ovate, about twice as long as broad, minutely and sparsely pubescent. Wings resembling those of Anurete in nyuration, but differing considerably in .shape, being broadest beyond the middle and tapering toward the base. The first longi- tudinal vein extends Ijeyond the middle of the wing ; the auxiliary vein runs close beside the first l(Migitudinal vein, but only half as far, terminating independently ; the second longitudinal vein extends to the tip of the wing, curving downward in the distal part of its course ; the third longitudinal vein forks as in Anarete, but the indepemh'Ut or fourth longitudinal vein
j
DIPTERA— CECrDOMYID^.
601
beneath it in Anarete is absent from Lithomyza. The tibiaj are destitute of spurs, but furnished with a posterior row of slight, recumbent spines.
Lithomyza condita. PI. 5, Pigs. 34-36.
Lithomyza condita Somld., Bull. U. S.Geol. Geogr. S.irv. Terr., Ill, 746(1877); in Zittel, Handb. d.
Palii^ont. I, ii, 8ia, Fir. 1089 (1H85).
Represented by a single specimen in an unusually perfect condition, although somewhat indistinct. The joints of the aut'^niuB are difficult to determine, but with little doubt are nine in number ; although short, they are not so abbreviated as in Anarete, the joints being twice as long as broad ; toward the tip, they grow smaller. Tiie legs are long and bristly. The fork of the third longitudinal vein is at the center of tlie wino-. and nearer the base than the extremity of the first longitudinal vein. There is a faint indication of a transverse vein between tlia first and second longi- tudinal veins, about midway between the fork of the third longitudinal vein and its separation from the second. There u. also a faint and very doubt- tul indication of an oblique cross-vein just beyond the transverse vein men- tioned, running from the first longitudinal vein to tiie costa.
Lengtii of body, 2.7"""; of antenna;, 0.75"""; of wings, 2"'"'; fore legs, 0.7(f)"""; middle legs, 2"""; hind lo-s, 2.4"'"' ; hind tibia;, 0.56"'"'; hind tarsi, 1.28""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen. (W. Denton.)
LEPIDOPTERA Linn^.
No Lepidoptera liave as yet been found in the American Tertiariea, excepting at Florissant. Tl»e buttei'flies have been described in tlie Eightli Annual Rejjort of the U. S. Geological Survey and the heterocerous mem- bers will be discussed at another time. Here there is place only for the single species accidentally figured with the Trlchoptera.
Family TINEID^^l Leach.
Tineid.T are not rare in amber, Menge having in his collection sixty- nine specimens, of which one was a caterpillar and two were pupje, but they have not been studied. Graveidiorst also nientions a Tinea in amber, and Presl describes one species. Germar long ago figured a large Ypsolophus from the Rhenish brown coal, and Heyden from the same beds figures the larval mine of a Nepticula. Finally, Kawall described a Tineites from " liergkrystall " tat Ufalei in Siberia. The single species here found may be referred, at least provisionally, to Psecadia, and though smaller than Germar's Ypsolophus, is a large insect (for this fiimily), rcseuibles it not a little, belongs to the sauje group, and is remarkably pre^^erved.
PSKCADIA Ililbner.
To this group I temi)orarily refer a remarkably well preserved moth, which may very properly be better relegated to a distinct genus, on account, in part, of the brevity of the first antennal joint. Its close rela- tionship to Psecadia and I)epres.saria can hardly be contested, though the neuration can not be traced. It is a large tiiu'id, like those of these two groups, and it is tolerably plain that Geruiar's Yp-solophus insigiiis is nearly related ; an interesting fact, since the single fossil species of Tineidaj fairly known in Ktirope is thus found to be closely related to the single
species known in America. eo2
LEPIDOPTERA— TINEID^.
603
PSECADIA MOETUELLA.
PI. 16, Figs. 12, 17.
A single specimen has been found with its reverse. The insect is pre- served lying upon its side, iind though the neuration can not be seen from the wing having been heavily scaled, the whole of the antenna) and most of the palpi, toiig^io, and legs are well preserved. The palpi are closely recurved over the head, the middle joint apparently of about the same length as the apical joint, comj)act but heavily clothed, appressed to the front, reaching the sunnnit of the eye, the apical joint very slender and pointed, directed at last backward, reaching the back of the head Antennae fully two-thirds as long as the wings, slender, naked, gently tapering, the basal joint stout, rounded apically, not over twice as long as broad, the succeeding joints uniformly cylindrical, about twice as long as broad, trans- versely sulcate in the middle, as if made of two subjoints, relatively a little longer near the middle of the antennfK than at the two extremities, the sec- ond joint three-fourths the diameter of the first and only as h)ng as broad. Tongue at least as long as the middle femora, with no sign of squamation at the base anteriorly. Wings fully three times as long as broad, the apex roundly but acutely angulate, all heavily squaniate. It is difficult to make out what the markings may have been, but it would appear that the wings were grizzly with an intvM'rupted series of small darker spots along the proximal half of ti»e coata, and another series down the middle of the wing on its dii'.tal lialf The legs are not very long, the fore legs somewhat shorter than the middle pair and much slenderer, the tarsi considerably shorter than the femora, and fully as much longer than the short libia. The middle l.gs are very much shorter than the hind pair, the tibia and tarsi of ecjual length and each about three-fourths as long as the broad femur; the tibia armed apicnlly with a pair of excessively long spurs. The hind legs can not be fully determined, but the tarsi are about twice as long as the middle tarsi, and the double series of tibial spurs as long as those of tlie intermediate tibiic.
Length of body, 12.1^)"""'; wings, 10.2"""; probable spread of wings, 2;')"""; length of antemiye, 8"'"'; fore femora, 2"""; tibiiv, 1.3™"'; tarsi, 1.7"""; middle femora, 2.3'""'; tibia', 1.75"""; tarsi, I.Tf)"'"'; hind tarsi, S.S""™.
Florisssint. One specimen, Nos. 8460 and 1)630.
( (
HYMEN OPTER^ Limie.
Tribe TEREBRAISTTIA Latreille.
Family TENTHREDINIDyE Leach.
TAXONUS Dahlbom.
I'axonus nortoni.
IM. 10, Figs. 26, 27.
A fairly preserved specimen and its reverse, ahowin<r a dorsal view with most of a front win<r, hut neitiier leg's nor antenna'. The head and tho- rax are dark, unusuall}' dark for specimen.-* on this stone, but the abdomen is much lighter, almost unifonnly so, but showing the sides a little duskier. The veins of the wing:s and the stigma are uniforndy dusky. The first discoidal cell is almost uniforndy rhondiic, the cross-vein separating it from the sec- ond discoidal cell being unusually long'. The first inner apical nervure falls exactlv below the middle of the first discoidal cell and the lanceolate cell has a strongly oblique cross nervure terminating opposite the inner end of the same discoidal cell.
Length of body, 7..")""" : breadth of thorax, 2.5""" ; length of wing, 7""" Green Iliver, Wyoming'. One specimen, Nos. 22 and 140 (Prof L. A. Leo).
Family CHALC1DID>E Walker. DECATOMA Si)inola.
DeCATOMA ANTlyUA. PI. 10, Figs. 20 f, 31.
Decatoma antiqua ScuiUl., Hull. II. .S. O«ol. Geogr. .Siirv. Ttrr.. IV, 74!» (1878).
On the same stone as Lystra richard.soni, bu. at a slightly higher level, is a minute chah-id fly. The wings are lacking, but the whole of the body is ])reserved, together with the antenna-. The liead is large, arched, and mi
HYNKNOPTHRA— BIlACONII>.E.
605
otlierwisG well rounded, the face tapering below, the eyes lar<fe, deep, with their inner borders nearly paral'el, leavlnj,' an equal front; the base of the antennaj can not be made out, but beyond tiie long basal joint are six nearly equal quadrate joints, increasing very slightly indeed in size away from the head, scarcely so lonjr as broarl, the spiral joint subconical, scarcely longer than the penultimate. Thorax compact, globose, minutely granulated like the head ; the abdouien also compact, arched, the tip rounded ; beyond it the ovipositor extends very slightly, apparently by pressure.
On another stone, collected by Mr. Richardson, is pretty certainly another specimeii of this species, in which the abdomen is distorted by press- ure ; the abdomen shows this by the rupture of the integument, and the result is an apjjarently slenderer abdomen ; it is also a female, with exactly the same parts preserved, with the addition of the other antenna ; but both antenuic are more obscure than in the other specimen, especially at the apex ; they appear, however, t<» enlarge more rapidly and may be clavate at the tip, in which case the insect can not be the same.
Length of body, (of No. 4076), 1.85"""; of abdomen, 0.95"""; of antenna; beyond ba.sal joint, 0.4'""' ; width of penultimate antennal joint, 0.045"'"'.
Gj-een River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 407(J (S. H. Scudder;, 86 (F. C. A. RicluuHlson).
Family BRACONIDvE Haliday. CALYPTITES Scudder.
CalyittitesScnAiX., Rep. Progr. Gool. Siirv. Can., 1876-1877, 270 f 1878).
This name is proposed for a genus of fossil BraconidaR, which seems to be distinct from any described living forms. It is related to Calyptus, but differs from it in the neuration of the front wings, mainly in the shortness of the first submedian cell, the division between wiiich and the second sub- median cell lies much before the lower extremity of the first median cell; and still more in the shape and position of the first subcostal and second median cells; the vein which separates tlieui is in straight continuity with that separating the second subcostal and third median cells, so that the sub- costal cells and the median cells lie in parallel lines along the lou"-er diam-
1
i I'
! i
606
TEltTIARY INSECTS OF NOHTU AMERICA.
eter of the winj"- ; the second median cell ia scarcely more than halt' as large as the first subcostal cell, siihquadrate, broadest l)elo\v, :'!0 first subcostal coll is aiijj^ulute, but broadly oval, its larger diameter along the wing almost twice as long as broad.
Calyptites antediluvianum. PI. 3, FiK- 32.
CaljiptUei antedihirianum Sciitld., Rep. I'mgr. Gool. Surv. Cnn., IH7*)-1H77, 270 (1878); in Zitteli
Hiiudb. (1. ralii'iint, I, ii, 81(i, Vig. UUO (|HH:i).
Represented by a single fore-wing in perfect preservation. It is uni- forndy and scarcely infumated, the anal cell decidedly fuliginous, the stigma also fuliginous and centrally infuscated ; as preservetl on th.e stone the veins are pale and delicately edged witli black and accompanied by a very narrow and delicate infumated margin, especially in the basal and lower halves of the wing; the median vein does not reach the mnrgin of the wing next the anal excision, but bends and runs in a straight course to the outer border; the second median cell has numerous brief shoots from the nerv- nres along its lower and outer margins, and one is found at the middle of the upper margin of the second subcostal cell, an<l another below the mid- dle of the vein separating the first and second subcostal cells.
Length of wing, 6"""; breadth of the sanie beyond the costa, 2.1""".
Que.snei, British Columbia. One ^tecimen. No. 7 (Dr. (J. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
IJRACON Fabricius.
BUACON LAMINAKIJM.
PI. 10, Fig. 29.
Ilraron laminarum Srmld., Hull. V. S. fJool. (ieo^r. Siirv. Trrr., IV, 7tH (1878).
A sintrle sDecMUKMi and its reverse show a l)odv without winirs or other appenda<jc!s. Tlie heatl is tpiadrate, broader than long, and nearly as broad as the thorax. The th<»rax is sulxpiadrate, either extremity rounded, about half as long again as broail, the sides nearly parallel, and tint surface, like that of the head, minutelv granulatc^d ; alxloinen fusiform, very rcgidar, in tht^ middh* as broad as tlie thorax, as hmg as the head and thorax together, tiipering apically to a point, and composed apparently of six segments.
HYMKNOPTEKA— BUACONII)^'}.
607
Length of body, 2.8"'"'; of lieud, 0.6'"'"; of thorax, 0.85'"'"; of abdo- men, 1.35"""; breadth of head, l.l'""'; of thorax, 1.2'"™.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4196 and 4197 (S. H. Scndder).
Bracon sp.
PI. 3, Fig. 33.
liraion an. Soudrt., Rop. Progr. Gool. Surv. C'lm., 1877-187S, 177B {187!l).
An insect apparently belonging to Bracon or a closely allied genns is so imperfectly preserved as not to allow of descrintion ; both the front wings are very imperfect ; the whole of the body and fragments of the legs are preserved.
The insect was 4"'"' long, and tlie length of the front wing abont 2.85""".
Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 69 and 78 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
BRACONID.li sp. PI. 10, Fig. 18.
Probably belonging to this family is the insect figured on PI. 10, Fig. 18, which represents a minute species preserved on a partially lateral, par- tially dorsal view. Unfortunately the wings are nearly obliterated, and though the general appearance of the insect is gained, it is impossible to determine its place. Its size and general appearance would seem to indi cate that it belongs here rather than in the Ichneumonida>, and it perhaps falls in the vicinity of Laccophrys Fiirst. and of Macrocentrus Cress.
Length of body, 3'""' ; of ante!mf« as far as i)reserved, 2'""' ; of oviposi tor, 1.5'""'.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 130 (Dr. A. S. Packard)
BraconidvE sp. PI. 10, Fig, '28.
To this family rather than to the Ichneumonida? also probably belongs tlio specimen figured in PI. 10, Fig. 28, but of which, the antenna- and ovi- positor being the only well preserved parts, not enough remains to indicate any affinities with certainty. Perhaps it may fall near Meteorus.
fi '
-s
608
TKRTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
M
Li'iiffth of Ixnly, 4.r)""" ; of (broken) antoimn.', 3""" ; of ovipositor (base wniitiiij;), 2;')""".
Green River, Wyoniin<j. One specimen, No. \lVi\ (Dr. A. S. I'lickanl).
Family ICHNEUMONIDyE Leach. ICHNEUMON Linm;.
IciINKUMON PKTRINIIS.
PI. 5, Figs. 14, 15.
Ichneumon pelriuu^ .><fiiil(l.. Knll. l\ S. (icol. fipojii. Siir%-. Terr.. III. 74:J (1877).
A fra<rnientary spocinien, i)roserve(l on a dorsal aspect ; parts of tlie front winji-s, the thorax, and basal half of the abdomen are pre.servcd. The body is blackish and the \vin<;-vein8 testaeeons; the win*,'-, exceptinj; the fiisco-testaceons sti;rma, is hyaline, covered sparsely with very delicate tnid moderately lonjjf hairs; the .«ti<jm:i is long- and slender, the heaver main j)ortion abont two and a half times long-er than broad, the slender basal extension as lonjj again. Unfortunately, the wing- is preserved only as far a.s, but not indnding-, the areola, so that many characteristic parts are lack- ing^; the .second median and fir.st snbcostal cells are united, the vein separat- ing them being present oidy below, where it is directed parallel t.) the principal longitudinal veins; the vein from which it springs is bent at an angle of about 70^, .so that the part representing the first subcostal cell tapers rather rapidly in its apical half, while its basal half (if the cro.ss-vein were contimied) wiudd be of the same si/e and shape as the second median cell, or a parallelogram nearly twice as long as broad ; the vein separating the first and second median cells is continued in a nearly direct line below; the third median cell is huig and rather slender, with somewhat produced angles basally. The tirst segnu'nt of the depre.s.sed abdomen is fully half as long again as liroad, increa.scs a little ami regularly in size toward the extremity, at its base is abont half as broad as the extremity of the thorax, and at its tip le.ss than half as broad as the l)roadest part of the thorax ; tla? second segment is considerably larger, and also eidarges apically, l»ut its length is indeterminate.
Length of thorax, 2.f!""" ; breadth of same, 1..')""": length of wing to tij) of stigma, 4.2')""": breadth of l)as(' of abdomen, O.'i""".
Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton).
J^fei,^
UVMKNUI'TKKA— lOJlNEUiMOXlM.K.
60V>
J.lTHO'rOltUS goii. nov. (A/^/o?, ropo';).
This genus of Ichnouinonidjv is undoubtedly allied to Exyston, but differs from it, as it does from nil members of the family known to nie, by the separation of tlie first from tlie second cnlntal (-ell by a weak nervure, not shown in the plate, which extends entirely across the space usually left open in this family, though almost always closed in tiie Hraconidse. It is also reniarkal)le for the flaring of the apical cul>ital cell. The antenuie are shorter than the bod\' and the abdomen has the basal joint comparatively stout, considerably enlargiii!^, and the snbapical joints more than twice as broad as long.
LlTUOTORirs rl{E,SS<)Nl. I'l. 10, Fij,'. '21.
The single specimen is preserved on a side view in which all the parts but the legs are preserved, but the wings are somewhat obscured by over- lapping. Apparently, the areola is not closed externally, and the outer cubital cell is opened unusually wide, while the radial cell is exceptionally deep for its length ; the ))arts below the areola are obscure. The antennsv are moderately stout, reaching to the middle of the abdomen, the joints scarcely moniliform, twice as long as broad. The liiorax is compact oval. The abdomen beyond the basal joint is as long as the head and thorax together ; the basal joint is more tiian twice as broad apically as at the base and less than tw'';e its greatest breadth. The whole body, but especially the thorax, is dark colored.
Length of body, 4""" ; of antenna', 3""" : of wing, 3""".
Green River, Wyoming. One s))ecimen. No. 131 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
UIIYSSA CJravenhorst. Rhy.ssa juveni.s.
ri. I(», Fi<;. 1!).
Although smaller than any .species I have noted, and much smaller than most known to me, I can find no characters in this single specimen which do not occur in Rhyssa, except in the relative proportions of the tho- rax and abdomen. The specimen is preserved on a side view and in a gen-
VOL XI 11 39
610
TICUTIAKY INSKCT8 OK NOllTII AMKRICA.
,: (
i !
oral way shows ovorvtliiii;,'ex('Di)t tlio k'jfs ; but tlio basiil parts of tlu* wings aro ol)HCurt'(l on account of tlinir overlying tlio l)o<ly, and giv(t tlio remainder n forosliorteniMl look. The iintenna- are tcderahly stout, a portion longer than the large thorax being preserved, with joints a little more than twice as long again as broad. The thorax is large, massive, arched, twice as high as tho head, regularly ovate, and half as long again as high. Tho wings are toler- ably broad, aiul the neuration is (dtscured by the overlying of the wingH and the crumpling of some of them ; it shows, hctwever, a long first cubital cell separated from the second by a minuti! triangular areola attached by its apex directly to the radius, with no intervening pedicel, and containing a brief, outward directed, recurrent nervule emitted from tho cubital vein slightly nearer the areola th;in the outer di.scoidal cell. The abdomen is very obscure, but is certainly very short — no longer than head and abdo- men together — and appears not to be broadest apically, but only a little beyond the middle ; but this can not bo stated positively. The ovipositor is considerably longer than the body, stout and straight ; it is densely clothed with fine, short, recumbent hairs to its very tip.
Length of body, S™"' ; of thorax, ;i.3""" ; of abdomen, 4'""' ; height of thorax, 2.1""" ; length of wing, 6.25"'"' : l)readth of same, 2.25'""' ; length of ovipositor, 0"'"' ; breadth of same, 0.25'"'".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 129 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
PIMI'LA Fabricius.
1*1M1'I-A SAXEA.
I'l. 3, I'ij;. -»;{. Pimpla tarea Scudd., Rcii. rr.)({r. (i<!ol. Siirv. Ciiri., lH7."i-1876, 208 (1877).
This species is represented by a single specimen j)resenting a shattered thorax, tho first four abdominal segments viewed fnun above, and the front wing. These abdominal segments aro pretty uniform and regular, rather strongly convex, pale testaceous, with a broad, blackish fuscous, l)asal, transverse band, occupying fully one-third of each segment; tho segments are (piadrate, broader than long, and smooth. 'I'he im tathorax is |)alo tes- taceous, and very delicately scabrous. The wing is uniformly hyaline, or shows the slightest trace of infumation, especially at the <'xtreme tip, and is nniforndy and rather sparsely covered with micro.scopic hairs, averaging
»,iir
IIYMBNOPTEWA-ICUNEIJMONID^-).
611
0.04""" in lonf,'tli in tlio third niodian coll, soiitod ui)on little cliitinouH ivnnuli O.OOH""" in diameter; the veins are black, and tlio basal part of tuo Hti^nna black, but beyond it is dark fusco-castanoou.s ; the caHtanoouH portion (lyinj,' beyond the tip of the first median cell) is throe times as lonj,' as l)road, ex- tondin^r ludf-way down the upper border of the first subcostal cell ; the third costal cell is comparatively narrow at tip, and the tip of the winjr is somewhat pointed ; the vein separating the areola or second subcostal coll iVom the third costal coll is partially obliteratod, and the areola is rather small, sub- (puidrate, broadest at the open side ; thei-e is the slightest possible trace of the lower extremity of the vein separating the united first subcostal and second median cells, but the vein bordering the upper side of the third median cell is perfect througiiout ; the vein sej)arating the third and fourth median cells is gently curved, subsinuate and partially obliterated in the middle.
Length of fragment of body, 5.5""" ; length of wing, H.Tf)""" ; l)roadth of wing beyond stigma, 2.9""" ; greatest width of third costal cell, 0.35"'™.
Quesnel, IJritish Cohunbia. One specimen. No. 31 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada).
PiMPLA SENECTA.
PI. 3, Figs. 29-31. Pimpla aeneota .Somld., Uop. Progr. Oeol. Siirv. Ciiii,, H7,".-187f), 26S-2fi9 (1877).
A single specimen and its reverse show little besides the greater part of the front wing and the tip of the hind wing; crushed chitinous masses rep- resent parts of the abdomen, and perhaps of the thorax ; the wing is uniformly hyaline, with the sligjitost possible trace of infumation next the base, and is profusely covered with tapering microscopic hairs, averaging 0.0fi5"™ in length in the third median cell, seated upon minute chitinous annuli O.Ol"""' in diameter; the veins are l)lack, or toward the tip and on the hind wing cas- taneous, and the stigma is dark testaceous ; most of the stigma is broken, but enough remains to show tliat it is apparently not so broad as in the other species here described, and it extends less than half-way down the upper bor- der of the first subcostal cell ; apically the third costal cell is comparatively broad, and the tip well rounded ; the vein separating the areola from the third costal cell is nearly olditeratod, and the areola is rather small,' and shaped as in 1*. saxea ; there is no trnce whatever of the vein separating the united
-" ■'■• " ■'■•'■•
612
TKUTIAltV INMKCTS OK NOUTII AMKUICA.
lirst Miil)0OHtal and hccoiuI iiumUiiii coIIh, iiltliou;,''li the vein above the tliird inodiaii coll i.s IxMit vvlicrr it HJioiiltl join it, iih in the |)i-ccc(liii;r MpccicH ; tlio saiiio vein in partially ohlitt'i-MttMl in tiit> iniildlc ot' tlic iiortioii liclow tlii) tii'Ht siiluMmtal cell; tlic vein si-panitiii^- tlii> tiiinl and ruintli ni(>dii)n (-(dls irt wtronjrly I'lirved, siihsinuato and distinct tlnouf^liout.
latiijftli of win;;', !' l : Itroidth licyond tlitt Hti;;ina, '2A '; groutOHt
width of tiiu third costal cidl, 0.4""". Forniii'a arcaiiu licH on tho miiiio Htone.
QiiDHMtd, lii'itish Coliunbia. One Hpecinicn, Nos. Id'' and 12 (Dr. (^ M. Ihiwson, Gi'olojficid Survey of Canada).
I'iMI'I.A ItKCESSA.
I'l. ;j, Fijf. -'7.
I'imiila ileoenta .Soiulil., Kep. I'rogr. (iocl. .'^iirv. (an., IH7.'i-H7ll, Ifliit (1HJ7).
The remains of this in.scct consist of crushed thorax and alxlonieii, and the two wings of one side t)f the body, siipcriniposod; upon the same stone, at 11 slightly higlier U'V<'1. is the specimen of ISoletina .sejuilta. The tliora.x and abdomen arc tiitircly crushed and black, but the last segment of the latter l)ears tlie cdosest possilde resendjlancc to the abdomen (»f the male of Pinipla instigator Kabr. TIk; wing is uiuforndy infnmated, and the margins of the anal excision infus(;nted; it is covered very profusely with slatrt microscopic tapering hairs, more irregularly distributed than in the other
two species descrilx-d. avt-raging in the third meilian celi 0.03' in length,
aiul seated on cliitinoiis aninili varying in size, some iteing but half as largo as otlu'rs, the larger ones nu'asuring about 0.007"'"' in diameter; the veins are black and the large triangnl.ir stigma almost as dark, a little paler toward either extremity ; the stigma is altout twice as long as broad, ami extends metre than iialf-way down the upper l»ord(;r of the first subcostal cell, the vein being partially id)literateil be}ond it; the third costal cell is rather narrow apically, although the tip of the wing is pretty well ntunded. The species may readily be distinguished from tlio.se de.scri))ed above b\ the shape of the areola, whicli is pretty regularly <|uadratc, twice as long as broiid, and has the vein next the third costal ccdl oiditerated only at the ends; there is no trace of the vein separating the united lirst subcostal and second median cells, and the vein separating these cells from the third modiau coll U bout in the middle, and nearly obliluratoJ ii. tho middle half;
1 3S !
UYMKNOITKUA— ICIINKIJMONID.K.
613
the voiii rte|»initiii;; tho tliirtt iiiul fourth inu<liaii coIIh Im tttronfi^ly ourvod, not at nil HiuuatM, uiul Hli^htly iiidirttinct iit its uppor oxtruinity.
I.onjfth of tViiX'>»">t of h(»(ly, 8.")' ; KMij^tli of wiii},', 7.7""" ; Itroadth of
HaiUd hcyoiid tho Hti},'ina, 2. <>"'"' ; ^roiitost width of tiiird postal (udl, 0.27"'"'.
(^ik'sik;!, British (!(diii)ihia. Oiio Kpociinon, No. 9* (Dr. (I. M. Daw- HtHi, (iiMdojfical Surv«y of ( !aiiada).
GLVl'TA Oravonhor«t.
Cit.YPTA TKANSVKRHALIH.
The sini^lu spHciiuuii is prusurvod on a dorsal view, with tiie upper rijfht wiiijj; turiiod forward and rovorsod. Tho tlai<iiig of tho stone in front lias do.stroyod tho antonna', no loj^s aro prosorvod, and tho apical portion of the abdomen is altoj^etlior ol>souro ; no ovipositor can bo soon. Tlio general disposition of tho nomation is altogether as in all tho figures of Olypta I have soon, but thort; aro sovoral points in it wherein it dirt'ers from all of them, The basal ('.ul)ital cell is much less elongated than usual by the comparatively slight extension of the apical portion of tho cell beneath tho Htigma, consequent uptm the brevity of tho ba.sal portion of tho radius; the basal discoidal coll is also unusiuiUy short and the cro.ss-vein separating the middle and apical discoi(hd cells straight and not zigzag. The eyes are largo and j)rominent, and by the preservation of tho specimen it is evident that they shared in the considoraltle variegation of the body by being of a light color with a basal dark annnlus, next which the head was again light, with a dark central portion relieved by a posterior transverse light belt. The thorax was similarly ornamented, the mesothorax having dark sides and a broad mesial light band oidarging posteriorly and anteriorly, but divided by a middle (hirk line which oxi)ands in front and l)ehind to a stripe. The nietathorax is mostly light with a mesial dark stripe. The abdomen is light, but with the lateral prominences at the b.iso of vhe earlier joints peculiar to Glypta (here transverse instead of oblifiiiely longitudinal) of a dark color; these proniinencos are largest on the first and second segments, where they nearly touch in the middle, and especially on the second segment, where they aro twice as broad as on tho others, .slightly ol>lique, but directed
6M
TEUTIAUY INBEOTS OF NOUTll AMUlilCA.
inward and backward (nf>t torwai^d) and reticulated as if more or less punc- tate in. life. Tho head, iiorax, and abdomen are of about equal width.
Length of winjr, 4.5'"".
Green Uiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 7G (Prof. L. A. Lee).
ECLYTUS Holmgren.
ECLYTUS LUTATUS. PI. 10, FifT. 24.
The single specimen is preserved on a side view, witli one wing droop- ing. A portion of the moderately stout antenn.'e is preserved, showing them to be at least nearly as long as the body, and the middle joints to be rather more than twice as long as broad. The neuration of the wing is obscure about and below the region of the areola, which appears to be lacking, the direction of the culntal vein from its extremity backward being toward the angle of the radius beyond the stigma ; before this junction the cubitus is more curved than represented on the plate ; the obscurity prevailing in that region does not permit one to see the cross-vein below the position of the j'.reola with clearness, but there is a faint indication of a straight vein depend- ing from that point ; the s-jparr^tion of the second discoidal and humeral cells is by a straight, scarcely obli(pie <^r'.>ss-vein in direct continuation of the vein aljovo and not shown on the plate. Tho neuration of the hind wing is exactly as in all species of Eclytiis. The abdomen is evidently compressed laterally, pedicoled b}' the apically enlarging long first segment, the remainder obloug ovate on a -lide view, most expanded Ijeyond the mid- dle, a little more than twice as long as high ; ovipositor scarcely so long as the extreme height of the abdomen.
Length of body, 3.5"""; of wing, 2.(;5'""' ; of ovipositor, ().fi5""".
The species apparently ditlers from those figured by Snellen van Vol- loniioven in his l*ina('()graphia in that tho cubital vein meets the radius by a union of similar but reversed angles.
Green Uiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 36 (Frof. L. A. Lee).
; I i 5
H YMENOPTER A-MYRM ICI DiE.
615
Tribe ^OULEAT^ LatreiUe.
Family MYRMICIDyG Lepelletier.
APHiENOGASTEP, Mayr.
Al'HiliNOUASTKB LONG.EVA.
PI. 3, Fig. 23.
Aphmnogiuter longma Sciuld., Rop. Progr. Geol. fieogr. Snrv. Can., 187!>-187(i, 207(1877).
A single very obscure and fragmentary specimen, and its still more obscure reverse, are tlie sole representatives of this specnes ; they exhibit a crushed and confused mass of head, thorax, legs, and antenna', and the larger part of a single front wing, apparently of a mala. The wing isfaintly infuraated, especially beyond the stigma, and the stigma itself is only a little dee',>er in tint; the wing is also covered very sparsely with excessively delicate and very short microscopic hairs. The cubital vein forks beyond the discoidal cell by only one-third the width of the latter, and both the veins run to the tip of the wing, although very f^lintl3^ This cell is shaped exactly as in A. berendti Mayr, found in amber, and is distant from the scapular vein by only liali its width ; the costal margin of the wing is more convex beyond the stigma than in the amber species mentioned.
The base of the whig is lost, but its probable length is 7"'"', and its greatest breadth is 2.3""" ; leii^'tli of stigma, 0.8"'"'.
Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 33 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
MYRMICA Latreille. Mykmica sp.
PI. 10, Fig. 22. Jfjrmica sp. Scudd., Bull. IJ. S. (ipol, G.'i(;;r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 718 (1878).
A spt<!ies of this family was found at Green River, but a specific name is withheld in the hope of finding better material on which to base it. The head is rather snudl, circular ; the thorax very regularly ovate and nearly twice as long as broad ; the peduncle small and composed of two adjoining
616
TKKTIAKY INSECTS OF NOUTU AMERICA.
t-i
circular maHses, the hinder slifj^htly the larger; the abdomen is much broken, but evidently larger than the thorax and pretty phunp ; no append- ages are preserved.
Length of body, 3.3""" ; diameter of head, 0.4""" ; length of thorax, 1.2"'"'; width of same, O.Tr)'"™ ; length of peduncle, O.'ifr'" ; diameter of anterior joint of .same, O.l""'; width of abdomen, 0.85""": its probable length, 1.8""".
Green River, Wyoming. One .specimen. No. 53 (F. C A. Rich- ardson).
Family FORMIClDyE Stephens.
IIYI'OCMNKA Mayr.
HyI'OC'MNEA oniJTKRATA.
I'l. ;J, Figs. I'o, L'«».
Hypoclinea obliterala Scadd., Rep. Progr. Ouol. Coogr. Siirv. Can., 1875-1870,207 (1877).
There are two specimens to be referred to Hypoclinia, and both are very fragmentary. One (No. S) consists of the partial remains of the wings of one side overlapping; the other (No. 14) of similar remains, l)Ut so faintly impressed on the stone that some of the veins can not be traced at all, and since in all essential features it agrees with the more distinct fragments, I have considered it as l)elonging to the same species, although it is of slightly greater size.
The essential portions of the fore wing remain, showing the neuration to be that of Ilypoclitua; the second cubital cell is triangular, and the vein which marks its outer limit ari.ses from the upper Itranch of the cubital vein a little beyond the cross- vein depending from the stigma ; the discoidal cell is of about the same size as the second cubital cell, and is subtjuadrate, the vein marking its outer margin a little curved, and the apex of the cell itself separated by but a short space from the base of the second cubital cell. The scapular vein is more darkly colored than the others, and a faint fuligi- nous cloud a|)pears to surround the rather dark stigma.
Length of fragment of wing, 5"'"' ; distance from base of wing to tip of stigma, 4"'"'.
Quesnel, British Columbia. Two specimens, Nos. H, 14 (Dr. CI. M. l)awson, Geological Sin-vey of Canada).
UYMENOrTKRA— FORMICIDiE.
617
LIOMETOPUM Mayr.
LlOMETOPlTM IMNOTTK. PI. 5, Fig. 10.
Liometopiim pingite Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 742-743 (1877).
The single specimen representing this species is a male, as the number of abdominal segments show ; bnt the wings are lacking. 1'he insect is viewed from above. The head and thorax are slightly darker than the abdonien, l)ut otherwise the whole i)ody is uniformly fuscous, somewhat darker than the stone. The head is very small, subquadrate, slightly broader behind, and the posterior angles nearly rectangular ; the anterior margin of the head is broadly and pretty regularly rounded, and the whole head is of about equal length and breadth. The thorax is very regularly ovate, broadest next the insertion of the front wings (traces of the origin of which can be seen), nearly twice as long as broad, rapidly tapering on the metathorax. The peduncle, as seen from above, is square, half as broad as tiie head, the hinder edge showing by its thickening that it was probably elevated at this point. The abdomen is plump, rounded ovate, scarcely less rounded posteriorly than in front, only one quarter longer than broad, broader than the thorax, composed of six segments, of which the first, third, and fourth are about equjil in length, and the second half as long again.
Length of whole body, 7.5""" ; of thorax. 8"'"' : breadth of same, 1.8"'"' ; of peduncle, 0.!)"""; of abdomen, 2.;J""": length of hind femora, 4..")"""; breadth of same, 0.30""".
On account of the sniallness of the head, I venture to place this insect in the genus Lioinetopum. It has the aspect of " Hypoclinea, but the head is only half as broad as the thorax.
Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen. (W. Denton.)
A specimen from Oreeii River, of precisely the same size and general appearance and pretty certainly belonging to the same species, is also wing- less and has no legs preserved, but the thorax is rather profusely clothed with exceedingly delicate very short hairs.
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 2(12 (Dr. A. S. Packard).
m
I :\
! ' * r
I iil
II
I;
! >
618
TRHTIAUV INSK'JTS Ol' NORTH AMERICA.
FORMICA Linnc?. Formica arcana.
PI. 3, Fig. 24. Formica arcana Scndd., Rop. Progr. Gool. Surv, Can., 187r>-1870, !iO(J-2C7 (1877).
A single fragment of a wing, exhibiting, however, all the important parts of the neuration, is to be referred to the genus Formica (s. str.) Pimpla senecta lies on the same stone. The discoidal cell is of medium size, subquadrate, a little broader below than above ; the single closed cubital cell is about three times as long as the discoidal cell, l)eing a little produced (to considerably less than a right angle) at the tip, where the transverse vein, coming obliquely from the stigma, strikes the cubital vein exactly where it branches, forming ;i luinutc stigma, from which four veins radiate almost symmetrically; the wing is of a uniform, faint fuliginous color, the stigma of medium size, darkest along its lowest border, and all the veins dark, the scapular vein even black, and n)argined on its apical half with testaceous.
The wing is .'{'""' in widtli, from the anal emargination to the base of the stigma, and the tip of the basal internomedian cell is 4.25""" distant from the apex of the closed cubital cell, making it jirobable that the entire length of the wing was nearly 12""".
Quesiiel, Hritish ("oluuibia. One specimen. No. 10" (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada).
LASICS Fabricius.
Lasu's tkrrkis. PI. 10, Fig. L*;?.
/,««iH» In-nm .SiMidd., Hull. I'. S. Ocol. (ii'c)({r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 717-748 (I87H).
A single specimen obtained by Dr. Ihiydenat the " Petrified Fish Cut," Green River (allinU'd to in his Siin Pictures of Rocky .Mountain Scenery, page i)8), is probablv tit be referred to this genus, but is in rather a poor state of preservation. The head is small and rminded, with antenna' shaped as in ]..asius, but of which the number and relative length of the joints can iKit be determined from thuir ob.scurity ; the long ba.sal joint, however, ap- pears to be comparatively short and uniform in size, being not (piite so long as tlu! width of the head, while the rest of the antenna' is more than half as
HYMENOPTERA— rOUMlCID.E.
619
long as tlie basal joint, and thickens very slightly toward the apex. The thorax, preserved so as to show more of a dorsal than a lateral view, is com- pact, oval, less than twice as long as broad, with no deep separation visible between the meso- and metathorax, tapering a little posteriorly. The pe- duncle, as preserved, is a minute circular joint, but from its discoloration appears to have had a regular, rounded, posterior eminence. The abdomen consists of five joints, is very short oval, very compact and regular, and of about the size of the thorax, although rounder. The legs are long smd slender, the femora of ecpial size throughout, and all the pairs similar. There is no sign of wings, and the specimen is probably a neuter.
Length of body, 7.5'""' ; of head, 1.4"""; of thorax, 3.2"'"' ; of abdomen, 2.9'""'; breadth of head, 1.1""" ; of thorax, 1.9""" ; of abdomen, 2.2°"" ; diam- eter of peduncle, 0.55"""; length of first joint of antenna;, 1'"'"; of rest of antenna;, 1.65"'"' I
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14G92 (Dr. F. V. Ilayden).
CAMP0N0TU8 Mayr.
Camponotus vetus.
PI. 5, Figs. 1, 2.
Camiioiiotiis vilus Scndd., Bull. V. S. Geol. Cicogr. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 742 (1877).
A single speciir'^n, very faii-ly preserved, l}'ing upon the side; a rem- nant of one wing is left, and a faint indication of the antenna*, but the legs are wanting. The head has a flat sununit, the upper half of the sides roundly protuberant, tlie lower half rather broad, and tapering l)ut little ; the thorax is long and moderately slender, compacted into a single mass, with a low arch, more than twice as long as high. The first segment of the abdomen increases rapidly in size posteriorly, and has a rounded knob above at its hinder end ; the abdomen is long aiul slender, composed of five joints, the second the largest, gradually tapering to the pointed tip. It seems to agree better with Camponotus than with any other genus, but has a ditferently shaped head and first abdominal joint, and is smaller than the species of that genus, so that it is only placed here provisionally until other and better specimens are obtained.
Length of body, 3.75"'"'; of thorax, 1.15"""; of abdomen, 2""".
White River, near the (Jolorado-Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton).
620
TKUTlAin INS1<;(!TH OF NORTH AMERICA.
I i
Family SPHEGID^ Westwood. 1)1I)INP:IS Wesmael.
. DiDINKIS .S<)LI1)K8('KN8.
IM. 10, Kijr. M).
Tlie body of tlie single specimen known is preserved on a side view but partially dorsal, and tliou<;li tlio antenna>, and legs are destroyed, tlie wings are tolerably well preservt'(l. There is, however, no sign of any spine on the sides of the nietanotuni, the thorax here appearing to b(> well rounded ; nor would the abdomen ai)pear to be so closely narrowed at the base as in Didineis. The neuration of the wings agrees very closely with that of Didineis lunicornis Fabr. sp., except in the very nuich larger size and sub- triangular shape of the marginal cell, the widtli of which is nearly one-third that of the wing. The middle discoidal cell also is remarkable for its ex- treme length, being at least three times as long as its basal breadth. The body is not very darkly colored on the stone, being of a rather pale testa- ceous tint, but the apical half ov less of the abdominal segments are paler than the rest.
Length of body, 7"""; of wing, :).•_'.")""".
Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 132 and 263 (Dr. A. S. F'ackurd).
' ■ i
: it!
i : I
G22
TEUTIAUY INSECTS OK NOllTIl AMERICA.
ri
■ r
.SvsTKMATic List ok tiir SI'kcikh Ukmciiiiikd in tiik I'iirhrnt Woiik, with Rkkkiiencr to thk
Pi.ACKH WIIKUi: 'I'llKV AKK DKHCKIIIKI) AND FlUUUKIt AND TIIK LoC'AUTIKt) AND llOKlZUNB AT WHICH 'I'lIKY AUK rol'ND.
Till! f(>ll<iwiii;{iililiri>viiitionH nro imml in tlioliwt twoooliuniiHot' InciilitieH: Q. = QuoriioI ; 8. = Himil- kitnii'cii Uivcr; M. = Niiio-Milo Crrck; N.=: Nicola; C.C, = Crow (-'reek, Colo. ; II. 0. = lloriio Creek, Wyo. ; T. C. -- Twin ( 'n-ek, Wyo. ; S. O. :=; SfitrWoro, Oiititrio | I'. K. — Port Kennedy, I'li.
Syitteniutlc lUt of hpcrk'h.
Uronim, ({enrni, and Hpecii'H.
MTRIAPODA.
InhiH ti'lhiHivr
ARACHNIDEB. ACAKINA.
Ixodt'H tortiitriiis
AKANKIDK.S.
SAl.TIOilAD.K. Attiilii.
•i I'nrattMH resnrrcetuH
'I I'linittiig cvociituH
r> PuruttiiH latitntnH
LATKHKiUAD.K.
Tliomiaidra,
'i TlioinJHiiH rcKntiiH
7 TlioniiHiiH diBJnnctim
H TliomiNUH defoHsns
TnilTKl.AHI.K.
j Ihiidirides.
9 Sc);nstriji socoHun
DraHHidiK.
10 Clubiona iivorHU
11 ClnliioiKt arrniia
l'~ Cliiliiona latolinma
l.t Chiliiima oHti'nfata
1-1 Anyjiliiina iiitt'rita
AtjnUiiitlea,
!■") Titanii'ca ingi'nna
Hi 'ritunii'i'a licMtcrna
Hrtitki.aiii.i..
ThiriilidtH.
17 Araijra coltiiiihiii'
H Tlicridiiim o|n'rtaiiciiiii
Ill Tlu'riilliiiii wclimmii
yii Liiiyphia retenNa
I'lkgo.
Plate and li);iiru.
44
|
r.9 |
11: 29,32 |
|
71 |
2: 1,2 |
|
7:1 |
11: :j |
|
74 |
11: 20 |
|
7r. |
11: 2.1,27 |
6: K. ....
|
47 |
(!: |
12 |
|
,'-.:{ |
11: |
26 |
|
r)4 |
||
|
r).i |
||
|
57 |
11: |
i;i |
|
58 |
11: |
9 |
|
59 |
11: |
23 |
|
(31 |
11: |
28 |
|
(!» |
It: |
22 |
|
r>4 |
11: |
4 |
|
Ki |
11: |
18' |
|
IX, |
11: |
24 |
|
(i7 |
11: |
5 |
|
calitleo w |
here fonnil. |
(ieotogivul hrrizoii. |
||
|
> ^_ X X |
1 S |
British Co- Inmbim. |
h S" ■2 0 |
|
|
Oligocono Oligocene Oligocene ....do ! |
||||
|
....do ! |
||||
|
Oligocene.... |
||||
|
.... do |
||||
|
Oligocene Oligocene ....do |
||||
|
|
....do |
|||
|
do ....do |
||||
|
Oligocene ....do Oligocene do lo |
||||
|
X .... |
"" |
<l- |
||
|
....: |
....do |
TABLES— AUACUNIDKB.
623
DlSXniBIITION OK TIIK Sl'RCIKH WITH WHICH TlIKY AUK, ( 'OMI'AIIRI).
In tho colnmiiH k>v1iik l>)-'t!i^"" "f Kolatioimliip tliu fiilluwiiiK inarkK nrt< iinuiI : ! ! — vi>ry ologo ; I = ulnse; " =: geuural ; t - iliHlant ; f ~ iiuHiiibU!.
|
FlIHitil Hp |
UCi08. VVIhti- fiuiiiil. |
Ilori/.oii, 1 |
K.xlHtiii); MpouioM. |
||||
|
^1 u |
Niiiiin of spiiRioH, |
»t SI |
Naiiiv of HpnciuH, 1 |
Wlicro living. |
|||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
0 |
|||||||
|
;i |
|||||||
|
|
4 |
||||||
|
5 |
|||||||
|
t; |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
H |
|||||||
|
*-» |
8,80iiocalata(Linii,) |
Europe |
') |
||||
|
o o o t |
(!. toniontosn K, & M... C.8ericoa,('.lanntaK.-U C. ntteiinataK. & »... C.micToplitlialniaK.-B. |
Hultiuambur. ....do |
Liifiirian .. |
to |
|||
|
..do |
11 |
||||||
|
....do |
..do |
IV |
|||||
|
....do . |
do |
);< |
|||||
|
i |
14 |
||||||
|
• |
t t |
T.qundrignttata( H. ) ...do |
Europe ....do |
ir> |
|||
|
10 |
|||||||
|
j |
17 |
||||||
|
f |
j T. graniilatiiiii K. &. \i.. T. liirtiim K. A H I L. cheiracantliaK. il- H |
' Balticainlior i do |
Lii'nriaii |
1 |
18 |
||
|
f |
do |
1<t |
|||||
|
t |
i....<lo |
.....lo |
20 |
!
fi24 TKUTIAHY IN8KCTH OK NOUTII AMKItK'A.
MVHI'KMATIC LiHT OK TIIM MrKCIKH URHCKIIIKH in TIIK I'KKHKNT WoHh, KTl'.— C'oiitiniiuil.
8yNt«iiiiitlu llHt <if it|Mici<)ii.
Luvatltii'M wliuro foiitiil.
nriMi|M, Ki'iii'ni, iiikI a|iBoit'H.
I OlIIIITKI.AItl I .
I Teti'iiKniitbii tertiiiriii
'.' TotliiDMiH giiyot i
:i Trtliiii'iiH oli)liiriitMN
I TollinuuH hviit/.ii
'■ Totliiiuim provei'tiiH
It Kpcii'it niuokii
7 K|ii>ira aliHcniidit.i
H Kpcira delita
!l K|it'ini cineriiutii
Ill KpiMra viilvaiiHliH
I I Kpcira I'liiortoiii
I'i Kpt-ira np
1:1 E]H>ira Hp
M Kpi'ira Hp
l.'i Nepliilii pi'iiniitipt-.s
NBUROPTERA. I TIIYSANIRA.
lUl.LoSToMA.
Id I'laniivcplialiiH awlloiilcH..
LKI'tHMATII).!-:.
17 LopiHiKa platyiijcra
TKHMITINA.
18 Puroteriiics inNit;iii.s
III Paroteriiii-8 liagciiii
20 I'arof ornit>8 fi>iliiM>
'i\ IIiMlotfMiicg colorailoiiHiH..
'^2 I'.iitcrnii'H fe!iHariiiii
'j:i Ktiti'rniefiiiii'aiiji
I I'SOt'INA. 'J4 PbropaiiciiN iliNJiiiK'iiiH
' El'HEMKUIIi.K.
'^'t Eplicnicra taliilica
'X Kliliviiivra iniiiiiiliiliN ..
•^ I Epiieniora iiiacilenta
2H EphfiiuTa piiiiiicnHa
'JQ Eplicniora iutereiiipta .... . 'M EpLoiucru ojiBucca
I'aHK.
S fc' 5! 4 I'lalu ami f ^' (5 « S
i t£
(><hi|i>kIomI liiiri/oii.
77
78 7!» HO
HI ' At i 84! H5 I ST) I 8<t S7 . 88 { 8!) Hll Kl
II: II X 0|i)((M;eno..
II: H, 10
II: ;ii II: II 1 1 : -.'I II: -i. 17 11: 7 11: r. II: It!
II: 15. I>.» II: I
X X
II: I'J X
.do . .ilo. .ilo. ..lo. .do . .do. .do. .do. .do. .<!». .do. .do. .do. .do.
I I ;• I
!»4 KifiB.iiitvxt X ' I Oligocono —
lO-i
la: 18 X Ollgocone
110 I 12: a X
108 IV!; l;i, 14 X Oligoceiic. . .
..do
..do
..do
..do
112 12: :i,22 X
113 12: (> X I If) i 12: 20 ' X
115 : 12: 12,17 I X
118
120
5: •■il
.do.
X ' Oligoceno (f).
X < 1118000110...
|
121 |
I.' .". |
|
122 |
12. 4,10 |
|
122 |
12: 7, I5,1C |
|
i";i |
|
|
1:^ |
12: 'J |
X X X X
.do
.do. .do.
.do. .du.
!
If
TABLE8-NEUHUPTRRA. 625
DlHTIUIHITION OK TIIK HPKCIltH WITH WHICH THKY AHK CoMPAIIKn— OontllllMUl.
|
Foull apoolM. |
Kxislhig H|HIV|«H. |
||||||
|
Nitliiu of (t|icvioH. |
Wlmro found. |
H<iri/,oii. |
Niinu) «il'n|irHii'M. |
Wlino lIviiiH. |
|||
|
• |
t |
T. ({rnllatiir lloiiU. |
EiiHl. U. H. |
1 |
|||
|
1 |
7 |
||||||
|
"t |
|||||||
|
1 |
,) |
||||||
|
r, |
|||||||
|
o |
E.troHclivliiIWrtk .... |
Rott i |
Aniiitiiiiiuiii |
! |
(! |
||
|
1 |
7 |
||||||
|
.. ' _ \._. |
H |
||||||
|
\) |
|||||||
|
1 ■■ ■■ |
10 |
||||||
|
11 |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
ri |
|||||||
|
■■"1 |
11 |
||||||
|
u |
N. plimiiitcBKuch..' SmiHi. ir. s |
ir* |
|||||
|
l)i |
|||||||
|
— ! |
17 |
||||||
|
1H |
|||||||
|
1 1<) |
|||||||
|
•'0 |
|||||||
|
l'^ |
H. insignia, BiH'ftiU»iliH. Ot^ningiMi — |
Tortoiiian |
' ^'1 |
||||
|
1 |
1 |
||||||
|
i |
•?:t |
||||||
|
1 |
'^4 |
||||||
|
1 1 |
25 20 27 2H :to |
||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
i |
1 |
j |
|||||
|
1 |
1 1 |
||||||
|
! |
1.... |
1 |
VOL XlII 40
; , I
(520
TICUTIAUY INBKCTH ()!<' NORTH AMHUICA.
HYHIKMAIII' KIHI' (II' IIIK Hi'KCIKH DKHCUIUKIi in Tin: I'llK.nKNr WllllK, KrC.^CollllllllllI,
HyNlriiintln IlHt nf Riioclm.
<lriiii|iN, Ki'iii-rii, mill nikcIi-n,
•I
1(1 II l-J
i:i
II
ir. in
17
1- i;i
•jii •-'1
• HI
•.':i '.'I
•jii
•J7
•Jll
Ol ION ATA.
AlillloNINA.
I lymtKrioii I'lrili'rlt'ii ...... ...
l)}'Mii){rl<Hi lakrnii
DynuKrIiiii paikiirilii
rixliiKriiiii aliortiviiiii
Lilliii;;rliiii liyiiliniiiii
IJlliiiKrion iimliratiiiii ,
A^rioii iiiiiitrvHveiiH
AKiioii cxHiilariH
Ai;rioii tt'lliirm ,
.V.HCIIMNA.
.ICm'Iiiiii Kiiliiln
.KKcliiia Hi'imruta
.VNi'liiiu larvata
I.IIIKI.I.ri.lNA.
I.ilii-lliila H|>
I'l.ANirKNNIA.
SlAl.lNA.
CoryilnlitfH r<>ciiii(liiiii
Knpliiilia traiii|iiillit
Iiiiii'cllla vutitraiia
Iiincfllia KiiiiiiioliMiln
Iiiiii'i'llia til II, II lata
liicicellia t-Vfiila
IlKMKIKllllNA. ( lHlll.\ lllH l<'i|llirtim
Iliilliriiiiiivriiitiim lacliliiiil
I'ala'iH'liryHa htriotu
'IrilioiliryNa vctiimiila
TriliiiclirvNU i:ii'i|iiiili.i
TriliixlirvHH tiriiiata
I'AXlilll'IK.l-;.
I|iilriir|ia iiiai iilii.ta
I 'aiinr|ia ri^iila
THICIIOI'TKKA.
IIVIlllllPSYCIlin K
llvilropsyclir opcrta
lly(lrop»y('lii> iiianL'iiN
PolyriMitropiiH fXCNiiH
|
N. |
l.iiialll |
I'M \\ |
lii<ro I'liiiiiil, -=1 ~i 5 ,5 |
|||
|
I'mk*'. |
riutit uiiii IlKiiri'. A' «,\n. u, III, It, ir |
a 1- |
> r X X X X |
S |
(Ii'iilii^jcal liiirl/oii. |
|
|
i;hi |
Ollt(oi'«iic . ., ....ilii |
|||||
|
i;w |
||||||
|
IIM |
1): l,:i, 11 ti; 7,H l:l: 4 i:i: 1-^,14 i:i: H.K ■ :i: 11 i:»: 10 i:i: 1 i:i; 1,'-. i:i: 11 I'l: 4, Iti (I v; ijiii.i» ( 11: -i 14: 1 14; 1'.' 14: 1.-. |
- • . . |
1 |
|||
|
t»4 III.') |
|
....«lo .....lo |
||||
|
i:hi |
X |
|||||
|
i:iH 140 |
X X X X X X |
.... |
....(to • •••do |
|||
|
143 |
Oli){(iuiili« .,., .,..(1,. |
|||||
|
144 |
||||||
|
t4.'> |
||||||
|
14t) |
X |
OjJKiit't'Ilii.... I^araiiiio |
||||
|
14U |
CC, |
|||||
|
IM |
X X X X X X .... ;< X X |
Oliffiii'i'tio. . .. ....do |
||||
|
ir>*i |
||||||
|
ir>7 |
....ilo |
|||||
|
ir.- iiiii |
.... |
do ..ill, |
||||
|
iipj it>i U'lti 170 |
II: :l,H 2: 7-III 11: l:i, 11 14: '.• |
" |
.... |
t^ |
|
OIIkuciiiiu,. .. ....do ....do |
|
170 |
....do |
|||||
|
l''i |
14:11,7.10,11 14: 4,.j |
X X X |
...do |
|||
|
174 |
t HiKocrlll'. . . . ...do |
|||||
|
17ti |
|
|||||
|
IMO IrtO IHl |
.■.: .->•.', ,-.:t 1.'.: 7 |
X X |
X |
|
i >lij;on'iit). . . . Olij;ori*iiii . . . ....do |
TA1JLH8— NKlJKOrTKllA. 687
DlHTKIIltlTIIlN i>V TMK Hl'KCIKH WITH WIIK^II 'I'llKV Alt!'. I 'oMI'AUKIi- < 'iHltlllllUll,
|
KtNMll H|M)V1|^N, |
Kxi«tili)( Hporit'N. |
||||||
|
1* |
Naiiiu ol* NpuclnH. |
Whuru fuum*. |
llurl/.oii. |
Nuiiiii of Kiiuuluit. |
VVIinru living. |
||
|
• |
-• « |
1 |
|||||
|
)l |
|||||||
|
:i |
|||||||
|
0 |
p. innvruiHiH HelyH . |
Vtiiiu/.iiula |
4 |
||||
|
n |
|||||||
|
It |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
. |
H |
||||||
|
|
U |
||||||
|
/K. coimlrirtii H»y.. i'G.,|iuiiilit Suy |
Nortliurn U. 8 . Nuw KtiKlaiiil.. |
10 |
|||||
|
11 |
|||||||
|
12 |
|||||||
|
1 |
i:i |
||||||
|
-,,, |
t |
CoryiluliiMcoriiiitiiH. |
Norlliorn V. 8. |
14 |
|||
|
|
15 |
||||||
|
10 |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
1 |
18 |
||||||
|
! |
19 |
||||||
|
! |
O. pictuH HttKun |
HultiuitiiiUor. |
ao |
||||
|
1 |
21 |
||||||
|
22 |
|||||||
|
... .1 |
2:i |
||||||
|
24 |
|||||||
|
2.1 |
|||||||
|
20 |
|||||||
|
1 |
27 |
||||||
|
1 1 |
'ffl |
||||||
|
'f) |
|||||||
|
1 |
;») |
||||||
628 TEBTIAUY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMEKICA.
SV8TK.MATIC LlST OK TllK SPKCIKS L)K8CI<IIII'.I> IN TIIK rilKSFNT WollK, KTC— Cotllillllt'll.
SyHtoiiiutio list uf HitecicM.
Groiipii, };uucra, ami spccicH.
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 Hi
17
18
l'.>
I
at.
aa a:t
A".
a<)
ai) :io :ii :!a
HVKIIOI'SYCIIID.K— C'n'tl
I'olyceiitropim eviratim
Dcrobrdcliiis a!istnii'lii»
Ueruliroeliiis cii'iiiik'HtiiH
DoniUrocliiiN a-tvriiiiH
DerobrochiiH coiniuoratiiH
Dt'i-iiliroi'liiM iiiai'cidiis
DiM'olinivliiiN frijreoceDg
I)urulii>>vUii8 cintera'
Liioliroi'liiiH rxternatiis
L«>|it(ibr<)L'liiis Iiiteii8
MeHolinicliiiH Icthii'iu
MeHoliruclniH iiiibovilliis
Paladivflhi eriiptioiim
Tiuodi's [la I inline II a
Lkptockkid.k.
Soto<lrH portiuiialis
St'to<les abbreviata
LiMNoriiii.iii.i':.
Lininophiliit) soporatiiH
Iiiiliisia calcu>o)ta
rilKYOANID.K.
fi'eiiroiiia ovancsci'im
Pbryuaii.-a lal«'l'ai'ta
LiiiiiiopxyL'bL- ilmperHa
ORTHOPTERA.
KoiiKK ri.Aiii.i-;.
Labi<liir<>ii.iiia a via
I.abitliiroiiiiiia bnriiiaiisi
I.abidiiroiiiiui. iiinrlalc
Libiiliiriiiniiiii ('iiiiiiiiixliiiii
i.abiiliirnniiiia ti'iii.iriiiiii
Labiiliirniiii.ia gilbrili
J>abiitiiroiiiiiia cxHiilaliiiii
Labiiliirniiiiiia lilliii|ibiliiiii
r.abiriirniiiiiia Hp
l.aliiiliiroMiiiia iiiforiiiiiii
I.abiiiiiriiniiiia Inlteim
IlI.ArTAIlI.K.
I'uralutiuUia NaiiHitiiri'i
Pagu,
Iria IK\ 1'3 184 184 185 185 18(> 18(i 187 i
Plato aud tiguro.
13:
188 189 189 19U
IIM
19a
193 194
19f. 197 199
acr ao(i a(iT a(i8 at 19 ail aia ai3 ai4 ai4 ai4
«16
15 : a
15: f), l(i
l;i: 13; 15:4
15: 10
15: 1,3
15: 11
15: 13
15: 14
ir,: 9
15: 15
15: 5
4: 4
13 : 3
13: 5
13: a
III 3. V ii.n, XI Iti: 1
Hi: a,(i,ao
111: 10,17
I(i:l5, 18,ai
ir>: 14
It; l(i Iti Iti
la
19 !
a4
7 lt):9, 13, Iti
G: a5
|
Liocalitiea where fouuil. |
Geological liorizou. |
||||
|
c |
si > ♦J Is |
6 ll |
.Jt. li 5 |
||
|
X |
Olifjoceno . .. . ...lo . .....lo 1 do i |
||||
|
X X X |
.'.'.'. |
||||
|
X |
do i |
||||
|
X |
. do |
||||
|
X |
do |
||||
|
X |
do |
||||
|
X |
do |
||||
|
X |
do |
||||
|
X X |
....do do |
||||
|
X |
|||||
|
X |
do |
||||
|
X |
Oligoveuu \ do |
||||
|
X |
|||||
|
X |
Oligoi'one 1 Uli|riicciie do |
||||
|
H.C. |
|||||
|
X |
|||||
|
X |
|||||
|
X |
. do |
||||
|
X |
Oligoct'im ....do . do |
||||
|
X X |
.... |
||||
|
X |
\ |
do . |
|||
|
X |
■■••l |
...do |
|||
|
X |
. do |
||||
|
X |
... i |
do |
|||
|
X |
do . |
||||
|
X |
...J |
...do . |
|||
|
X |
....do . . . |
||||
|
X |
do |
||||
|
X |
_\ |
Oligocenc |
TABLES— OBTHOPTEUA. 629
Distribution op thr .Spkciks with which Thky ark Comi>ai<ed— Contiuuod.
|
Fo88il specirs. |
Kxistiu); 8|M)cioH. |
||||||
|
•*. a. il |
N]un» of spocioH. |
Where fouiul. |
Horizon. |
bti'S |
Nnmeof HpecioH. |
VVbero living. |
1 2 ;! 4 |
|
7 H t) |
|||||||
|
• 10 11 12 i:. 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 2.1 24 *)\ |
|||||||
|
■ |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
L... |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
,,... |
|||||||
|
|
"0 |
||||||
|
27 2H 2y ;to 'ti |
|||||||
|
' |
|
:i:t |
f ':^
■ I .'!
, ;f
1530 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTB AMERICA.
SY8TKMATIC I.isT OK TiiK SPKCiKs Dhsciiiiirii IN tiik Phksknt Work, ktc— Continued.
Systeuiatiu lUt of HpccicM,
Groiip8, );onern, and siiecit^H.
Blattari.*:— Continnod,
1 Zotoborn bruniiori
'i , Honiu!0(;ainiit VL-ntriosii
riIA.SMII>A.
Agathenicra reel iihh
AcRinii.
Tnixaliilir.
4 Tyrbiila iimltispiiiona ,
G Tyrbiilii niNHi'lIi
6 GoinpIioccruN ubHtnisiiN
(I'dijHiiliiUr.
7 Nanthncia torpUla
8 fEclipoda pru'focatii ,
0 TapbacrJH rcliqiiata
LocfSTARl.t:.
Phyllophonda:
10 Lithynineteg giittntim
I'sfuAHphiiUiihy.
11 Cymatomora macnlata
ConocephiitiAiT. 13 Orcbeliniiiin pincidiim
13 j Locusta silcDH
(IryUacridiKUr.
14 j Gryllacri8 cineriH
15 I LocDBtariii- Hp
I (jRYLUDES.
16 Primeniobius iudaratiiH
17 I'rniienui)iiii8 tiTtiuriiiH
16 l*roneti:(il)iii.s Kiiiltliii
HEMIPTERA. IIOMOI'TKIJA. Cornii.K.
19 MoDopbli>biiN NJiiipli'x
Al'lIIDKS.
Aphidinir.
20 Cat anenra abwim
21 CataniMira rilryi
'ii ArchiliiL'liniiH pcnnaliiH
'j:i ArcbilacbniiH iiiiul);(M
'J4 (ittrancon duvJHii
Page,
217 21H
219
221
222 22:1
224
225 22(>
229
a:to
2:11 •j;!2
2;t»
'iX,
•12
24.-) 24.'i
Plate and tigiire.
Localitioa where found.
a
O
17: 12 X 17: >- X
17; 11 X
17: 13 X
17: 1-4 X
17: (1 X
I X
17: 5 X
12: H, 19 X
' 17: 14, 1.''. X 17: 7
17: lt;.18,19
17 : 9, 10 X
17: 17 X
li: 18 ....1 X <i: 13,21,2:1 '....' X ti: 22 ... X
247 ! 18: 1,15-17
217
2lrt ,
i "a
■=1
O X
J3
5
Ooological horizon.
Ollgoceue. ...do
Oligocene
Oligooene...
....do
...do
Oligocenc.
....do
....Jo
Oligocene..
Olijjoci'ne..
Oligocene.. ....do
Oligocene... ...do
I Oligocono..
j....do
..do
Oligocene,
Oligocene.
. ...do
do
. ...do
.l....do
#•, ! ' "I
TABLES— HP.MIPTER A. 631
Distribution of the Spkcirs with which They ark Comparbd— Continuwl.
|
FoBsil species. |
Kxisting species. |
||||||
|
L.S" H |
NaiiiP of species. |
Where found. |
Horizon. |
D 5 |
Name of species. |
Where living. |
|
|
1 2 4 |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
1 ' : 1 |
|||||||
|
....! . |
i |
||||||
|
1 |
7 8 U 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 |
||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
t t |
O.concinniirn Sciidd L.occidcntalis Tlmni |
NorlhoniU.S .. California |
|||||
|
j |
|||||||
|
1 [ .1 ; |
|||||||
|
^ .,1 .. |
|
17 |
|||||
|
IH |
|||||||
|
o |
M. pcuuatuii (i. A li. .. |
lialtic aiiilier. |
L.;:Mriaii .. |
' |
■ ' |
I'J •>0 |
|
|
1 |
u |
'>•! |
|||||
|
■ |
'J4 |
6,12 TKIITIAKV INSECTS OF NOHTir AMKUICA.
SVMI'KMATIC LI8T OF TUB SPECIES DRSCUIBRU IN TIIR I'KBSENT WoitK, RTC— CouUllUOd.
Systemutic list of specieH.
Loualitieg wberu found.
Groiipa,gouera, and species.
1
a
•i 4
r.
G
7
H 9 10 11 12 i:!
14
15
1(> 17 18 10 'iO
iil
2t
•j:. 2.;
•27
28 2U
Page.
AiMdina^ — Cont'd.
Ooraueon petroriim
Sbpnupliiii <|iioaucli
SbenaphiM ulileri i
Slicnnpliis Inssa '
Aiiliantaphis uxBiicii 1
Sipluinoplioruides un iqua >
SiplionuplioroidfH rnlln.!HqiuM j
8ipliun<>plioini(U-N propiiiqiiii '
l.ithnpliiN dinitii '
Tephruplii.s ximplux 1
To]>Iir:ipliis walshii ]
A])hiiIop!<iR siilitorna 1
AjiliiddiisiH liar;{t'ri i
Aphidopsis liitariu
Apliidiip.sisniurgariim. .
AiihidupHJH dalli
ApliidupHiH eiiiaciata
ApbidopmtiHp
Oryctapliis rt-cnniAita
OrvctaphiH Ifsiieuirii
Syfliiiol>ri)cliHH if vivi'sceni*
Schizuneurimv.
ScliizoneiiriiidesHciidderi
Am ilaiicDii lutoMiiH
AiKcinatiin (IdrmioHiiH
Aiii'oiialiis liiiL'kloiii
l*(rl'i)>iti;;iiia ri'oiiivtiiu
Ptviost ijjiiiu iiiffrum
Psrtuo.i-:.
Necntpsjlla ii«i€i»
CatupHyllu prima
KULOOHtNA. fmli/urula .
Nyctc'pliylax iibi«-ri
Xyi'topliyla.'s vigil ...__. . . ..„ „i^
Apliiiiia atava ,
Apliaii.i lot unci i|>eiiiii»
Ly^tra liiliardHoui
Lyttra leui
Plato and * 5 « ^
Hguro. .2^ gt:'
6
•So
n
Ocological liorizuu.
270 12: 11,21 X •JS' X
*» I 19: 11
aw j l-t: H
**l : .".: 9»i,97 282 fi: 27
2h:{ '■ M. », ^1. " i,:t U&i\ 7:2
X
X
.X
„,..!
Oligocene. ....do
Oligoi-tMie...
...do
()li;,'<)cclli' (f). Oli^occni!...
,...do
do ,
ft
TABLES— HKMIPTERA. 633
DisTiiiBUTioN or TiiK Species with which Tiiey aur Compakbd— Continued.
|
Fossil species. |
Ezistini; species. |
||||||
|
il 5.2 |
Name of species. |
Where found. |
Horizon. |
Name of species. |
Wlicro living. |
||
|
1 2 |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
4 |
||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
7 H 9 10 It 12 13 14 l.'i 11! 18 1!» 20 31 22 |
||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
|
||||||
|
.. |
|||||||
|
.... |
|||||||
|
.... |
24 |
||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
.... |
j |
27 28 29 30 31 32 |
|||||
|
|
1 |
||||||
|
.... |
|
||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
[ |
|||||||
|
i |
1 |
34 3r. |
|||||
|
1 |
....1 |
'if
684 TEUTIAKY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
Sybtkmatic List ok thr Spkciks Dehcribkd in tiir Pkesbst Work, etc.— Continued. Systuniutiu list uf nihiuioh.
Qroups, gonrra, and Hpocios.
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
IC
17
18
19
20
21 22 23
24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
:t2
I'nhjoridu — Cont'd.
Fnlgora grnniiloHn
Kiilgnra iKipnliita
Fnlgnra obtii'i'gcciis
Iliilyoitliarida.
Dictyoplinrn lioiivcl
t'ixiiiUi.
Cixins hcHpcrldiini
Cixiiis proaviiK
Oliariis Infi'iisiH
DIupIegiiia lialdiMiiiini
l>iiipltj);iiia vctiTiiNi rns
Diupleginn alxliii'tiiiii
Dinple^ina vi'iu'raliilc
Di.iplpgina occiillonim
DiaplffTiiia niino.siiiii
Diaplof^iiiK (ibdoriiiitnin
Ollarlte.s torrent ii la
Florissaiitia t'l")jaii>i
Dillilidciila.
Drlpbax senilis
! Planoplilelii A uiKantea
Achiliilii.
] Elidiptcra re(;ularis
I Hicaniida.
Hatnmaptcryx reticulata
/7(i tida .
LitbopNiH liiiiliriata
Litbopsis eliiiifjata ,
I Ficarasites Hticinatieiini ,
I .Iassikks.
Tt'ttigonia priscHiiiarijiiiata
Tetf igonia priseotiiieta
'IVttigoiiia piisiovarii jiata
Tcttigiinia old eel a
' Hythosciipiis lapidesrens
A};allia lewisii
Agallia tiaccida
Aijallia iiistabilis
1 Agalliu abstructa
Pago.
284
284 285
286
287 287 288 289 290 290 291 2tU 292 292 293 294
295 21Hi
'M7
298
300 301 301
3(l-.' :!(K! 303 304 305 305 306 306 .307
|
I'Ocalities w |
lioru found. |
Geological horizon. |
|||
|
riatti and tl'ju:'o. 6: :J5 7: 16 19: 1 21: 16 6: 19 19: 14 7: 18 |
a a X X X X X X X X |
1 a> r X X |
> e i |
British Co- lumbia. |
Other locali- 1 ties. |
|
Oligo.iono ....do |
|||||
|
....do |
|||||
|
Oligoceno Oligocenc ....do |
|||||
|
X |
|||||
|
X |
....do |
||||
|
....do |
|||||
|
....do |
|||||
|
15: 8 |
....do 1 |
||||
|
....do |
|||||
|
....do |
|||||
|
...do |
|||||
|
X X |
|
....do |
|||
|
7: 17 19; 12 5 : 95 2: 16 19: 13 6: M 6: 36,37 6: 28 6: 20 7; 4 19 : 9
5: 58.59 5: 94 19: 7,21 19: 18 21: 1 19: 5 |
X |
....do |
|||
|
....do |
|||||
|
.... |
X |
Olignecnef ..| |
|||
|
S |
|||||
|
X X |
1 Oligocene.... Oligoconc Oligoceue ....do |
||||
|
X X X X X |
|||||
|
....do |
|||||
|
Oligocene do |
|||||
|
X |
do |
||||
|
X X |
Oligoceno f .. Oligocene f . Oligoci'ne i ....do |
||||
|
X X X X |
|||||
|
.... .. |
....do |
||||
|
....do |
TABLKH— IlKMirTEHA. " (wtO
DiSTItlnUTION (IK TIIK Sl'l'.CIKS WITH WHICH TllKY AKK Compauku— CoUtillUBll.
|
FohhU Hiit*i:i(tN. |
KxiHtillK H|IUvi()H. |
||||||
|
It II =1 |
Nuinti (if Hpucloa. |
When) found. |
Horizon. |
-0. ^1 |
NllllKI of HpecltiH. |
Whon^ living. |
|
|
1 2 :< 4 |
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
, |
|
||||||
|
7 8 U 1(» u i:t 14 |
|||||||
|
i |
|
||||||
|
, 1 |
|
||||||
|
i |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
- |
Hi 17 18 19 20 '»1 |
||||||
|
i |
.w |
||||||
|
1 |
VI |
||||||
|
1 |
t |
Aul. immitiwCF.).- TiiU. bulla Walk... |
United States.. Silliot |
•i,| |
|||
|
Vi |
|||||||
|
■ti |
|||||||
|
07 |
|||||||
|
1 |
"H |
||||||
|
1 |
1 |
\ |
1.... |
'f\ |
|||
|
\-w |
|||||||
|
\ |
i ;ii |
||||||
|
.....-■ |
i |
— i |
1:.2 |
636 TKUTIAKY hVSKCrrS OF NOKTU AMKRICA.
Svsti;matii; List oi' tiik Hi-KcrKs Dksciiiiirii in tiik I'iikhknt Work, ktc. —Continued.
HyK'oniatic Imt ol'HpculvH.
(Irniipg, Koiiorn, antl HpevieH.
U
7
H
'J
10
11
III
14 1ft 10 17
1- VJ •,MI •Jl 'J'i
:n :w
:i;t
M :t:.
.lAssiiiKfl—Cun tinned, (i.vpoim I'ini'iTia
.IllHHllH llltl'ld'll' ...
Tliiiiiiiiott'ttix imitllatii
Tliaiiiiiotottix (jiiiini'tti
TliaiiiiKitfttix I'uikII
Cicitdnliv NaxoHa
Acocoplinliis a(la>
A<'(i<'i'pli.'i1iiH rallosim
JasHiipsiH ov ideas
Cd'Iidiii coliiniliiana
Cu'li'lla wydiiiiiiKi'usi.s
DoriniuB imylloideH
j C'KKCOI'in.K.
Cermji da.
CtTPopitns iiniliratillH
Cert'opites calllHCfim
Corccipis Hi'hvyiii
Cen'opis ariiricli;
Cep'opiH NntVcicala
Pi'tnilyHfra nlnaiitca
I'ctnilystra limos
l.oi^ritt'N ciipiM
I^ocrili's wliitei
I'alitcpliiira iiiaciilata
I'alecphora pati-facta
I'ah'pphora iiiarviiit'i
I'alccpliora (MinniMiiilN
I'alevpliuia pra'valons
I'aliTpl'.ora iiiiiriiata
Lilliri'plioia si'tif^rra
Litlii'i'iilmni illa|>liaiia
l.illii'cpliMia Miiii'ciliir
I.ilhi'cpliiira iiiiiiata
Prinecpliora lialfcala
AlihriijilHiriila.
I'alaplircdi'N riiicta
i'alapliroili'Nolisriiia
ralaplii'iiili'N iri'i'giilariN
I'alaplinidrH iililii|iia
Pajju.
I'lato ami li){iii'».
;«)B
aOH
:iO!i \\m
310 310 311
:m :U2 »i:t »i:i :il4
31<i 317 318 3lrt 319 3-.21 3!W 323 324 ;«() ;W7
327 32rt 321)
;«<• :»30
330 331 331 332
21
lU: 4
:0; lit
7: ti
: 33 ; 7 : .^
1<J: 20
G: 26
6: 'i.
19: l.'>
19; Ui
2: 13
4: 8
19: fi,17
7: 9
C: 32
2: 14,l.->
7; 1.-.
19: 2,3
20: 5-7
fO: H
21: 19
21 : 17
20: 10,17
7: 7
II 13.11:9.11
I: 3,20,21 I: 1; 21:2 20: 15 20: 22 21 : 13 4,.'>,11,14 21; 3,H 20: n
- ^S
a _ ' >
LoualitiuN where found.
^1^.
. X
. X
..: X
334
;i3.-.
33.-.
X X
X X X X
X X
X X X X X X X X X
»i hi. ii I) X '•
21:18 X .
at : a, In ; XI ■ ft ; X
21; 10 X .
•SB
•c-
«
•3
nool(>^ii'al iioi'izun.
OlIgOCOIH)..
.....lo
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do ....
M.
T. C. 01i)J0C(MH' f
oiim^ci'iK'..
Oligoi'ciie. ....do ....
Olijjoccur. .
....do
....do
....do
....do ....
....do
....do
....do ....
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
Oligoccne
....do
....do
....do
TABLK8— IlEMirXKKA. 6:}7
DlHTIIIIIUTION OK TIIK Hi'BCIKS WITH WllfCII TllKY ABB COMI'AKKD— ColltlllllUll,
|
Kutwil HpecluH. |
ExiHtint: Hiii'cti'H, |
|||||
|
^ |
NlUIIK of HllOCiL'M. |
Wbore i'uuiid. |
<• Hori/.on. C |
'1 |
Nuinu of H|ieuioH. |
Wburu liviiiK. |
|
.... |
||||||
|
! |
||||||
|
.... |
1 |
|||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
• |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I |
||||||
|
> |
||||||
|
— 1 |
1 |
|||||
|
i |
||||||
|
1 |
! |
i |
||||
|
i |
1 |
|||||
|
1 |
1 |
|
||||
|
i |
1 |
|||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
... |
||||||
|
■■■ |
||||||
|
.1 |
.|... |
. — |
• 1 |
17 IH 11>
ao ai ■J:i u:j 24 as 26 27 2H 20 •M :il :(2
33 34
3r.
3G
038 TliUTlAUV INSECTS OF NOltTU AMKUIOA.
HVttTKMATIO LiHT OK TIIK H|>KCIK8 I)KMCI(IIIRI) IN IIIK I'llKKKM' WollK, KTC.— ColltlnUud.
8yNt4iiiiatiu livt uf HpouiuM,
(jroupH, {{cuuru, and bihioIoh.
<) 10
11 Vi 13
14
15
1*> 17 li^
H>
ao a I aa 2:1 ai
af)
27 39
I Jphrophnrida— dm
I'alaphroilfa trniiBwriiii
A|iliri>|i1iora h|)
t'luHl(i|it«ra ciiiiiNtoi'ki
I HKTEKOPTKKA.
' CimixiD.K.
rnmlgara tlubplliim
Corixa varidiizi'i'i
Corixa iiimicrHa
NoTOXKCTIII.E.
Notonucta ciin'rHoni
(jIaI.OI'I.ID.E.
Necygoiiii8 rutniKlntiitt
VKuu>.e.
I'alatuveliaBiiiiioHn
■Stvnuvelia nigra
HVDItOIIATlD.t:.
TeliuatrocliiiH dtali
Toluiatri'i'liim iiaralli^liiit
MetroUatega-teriialiH
Kkduviidji:.
Eotliex elegaiiH
TaguludcH iiicnnm
'riN<illill).l-;.
I'ichiiia riitiiiitla
Moiiaiilliiu vcttTtia
KotiiigiN aiilfiiiiata
ACASTIIIII> 1:.
LyctocoriN turrt-im
('Arsiii.f:.
Cl<>Hter»ci>ris<'lf};iiiiH
Carinvlim grnvatiisi
Carnirlim ite|>()Hitii8
FiiiiL'ii.s faiatiiH
]'ii>(>iloca]i8im l'ri-iiii>ntii
I'lruilocajimiH vctcraniluH
I'lroilocapHim vi'tprnoMiiH
V ilo(:i|)NUh taliidiig
ril'cilucapsllN IIHtl'IltllH
CaiwUHobfH IcfactiiH
I'agiv
|
:<4ki |
a4; 7 |
X |
|
■MM |
a4: 10 |
X |
|
■MA |
a 1 : <; |
X |
|
MX, |
**'2 ' '» |
X |
|
:«>r> |
-M: :i |
X |
|
■M'A\ |
■J\: U |
X |
|
:«.7 |
y |
|
|
■Mn |
at : ri |
X |
|
:ww |
a 1 : a |
y |
|
:!tiH |
a:i: 1:1 |
X |
.{ \-l-
TABLKS— [lEMll'TIillA. 639
DiHTKlllI'TION Of TIIK HI-KC1K8 WITH WHICH TllKY UIU CoMI'AKItl>— t'olltlUllml.
|
KtlHHil H|ieciuH. |
ExIntliiH H|H<ui<iN, |
|||||
|
is |
Nuiiio ul H|>«viu8, |
Wlioro fuuud. |
Ilorizou. |
1 |
Whuru Uviiif(, |
|
|
1 |
||||||
|
.. |
||||||
|
^; |
C, intt'rruptiiSa.v.. C.hflluimiiHithlb.. |
Uuitud HtutoH.. Kurope |
||||
|
t |
llyB-reiiiisiHfi^ivv.) |
Atlautio StatuH. |
||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
! 1 |
||||||
|
! |
1 |
1 |
||||
|
i ■ |
1 |
|||||
|
1 |
|
, . . i |
||||||
|
1 |
■ ; 1 1 i |
' |
||||
|
i |
i |
|||||
|
(j |
IMiyt. involutUH Qtirrii . do |
Ualtio umber, ill) |
Ligiiriau .. ..do |
c |
C parvuH Dist .... ....do |
Coil. America . . do j |
|
! |
||||||
|
P. ormitulim (Stal.) Mexico |
||||||
|
t |
P. frcmoiitii ScudU |
Florissant . . . |
||||
|
... - |
||||||
|
i,... |
1 1 |
4
& U
7
8
'.) 10
11 \'i 13
14 15
IG 17 Iri
19
•40 21 li2 23 24 20 2G 27 28 25)
I
640
ThilTlAUY INttKCTtt UF NOUTU AMUUICA.
HVKrKMArtr r.INT ny TMK NI'KCIKM DRMCIilllKIt IN tllr rilRMKNT WiillK, KTO.— ContilllliMl.
Hyiiloiiiatlo lUt of Hpflcioit
OroiiiiN, Kunura, iiiiil H|Mi('ii<ii,
I Cai>hiii,I':— C'ltiitiiiiiuil
I CapNIIH lllCllH
'J A|Hir<'iiiJk |irii'Htrlrtiini
:l IIikII'UIII'IIIII t'itllTCNI'lMIN I'llYSAI-OKKH
■I Mi'liiiintliripN rxtiiK-tn
:■ l.illiiiil<)tlirl|m vfftuat*
li I'lilii'iilliripN fiiHNiliit
Uxii.y.w.r.. I l.jiijivinii
7 LyK"'<i* '*(<>''<"''■'*
H L,V((II'IIN (lIlHIlloHCI'IlK. ...
t) !.}};'■''>'* rii'i'iilKiitiiN
10 N.VNiiiN viiictiiH
U NyHiiiit vt't'iiln
Vi NyitiiiH tritiin
l:i NyNiiiH li-rrii'
U Nyiiiim Hirufim
l,''! (ffocoriii iiil'«rniiriiiii
lUiliaimiHa,
It! I'riirropliiiiM ('iitiiiiiuniii
17 I'l'iHTopliiiiN coHtaliM
Iri I'roi'riipliitiH Iuii^iii'Iih
,l/yi"f(><7iiNri
I'.l l.i);yri<curiH exmictiiH
■.'11 .'^li'iiiipiiiiiiTii ti'iifliriKsa
•.'1 ■'^li'iiopiiiiKTii Mubtfrrfji
'.*■.' ('atopaiiirni iiiiKlicvi
'i'.i ('atopainiTit l:ru<llryi .
Mi I'liriiilopanii'ra wIIhoiiI
'J.'i I'liriiilopaiiiiTa cliittt'iiilriii
2li (.'lioliila tri^iillalu
'J7 LitlioeiiriN fviilniiH
•JH Ciipliocoris ti'iii'liricosiiN .
•J'J KiiiiirilrH BiTi'sc TtiH
:<U I ProciiriH Naiii'tii'jolianiiiB
;ll Pnioiirit licclilfri
:\\i CtcDarorlN pi'iiiii){oiiiiH
;i:i Tiapi'/oiiotiis ttxtorniinatiifi I
1 /
rr
TAliLHS-IIKMIl'TKItA.
641
l>l»THllii'iii>N i\v TiiK ,si'i;(ii:s Willi Willi II Tin v uik Cn.Mi'Uir.K -CiHitlniiiMl.
|
KonmII n |
wvivn. |
KxllitlllK N |
mnlim. |
|||
|
^1 |
Niiiiir o| MpfvicH, |
VVIit-m I'oMt.il. |
Htti'i/.ort. |
NllMIC III' M|lful«H, |
WIllTK liviliu, |
|
|
1 U :i 4 n (1 7 8 V 10 u l!i 19 14 15 ir. |
||||||
|
.... |
||||||
|
1 II. iiillltiii'iN rill.. 1 WoMternU.H .. |
||||||
|
i ._i |
||||||
|
. |
|
|||||
|
■■■■| 1 |
||||||
|
i |
1 |
|||||
|
,^ |
|
|||||
|
|
i |
|||||
|
.... |
\ |
|||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
!■■■• |
||||||
|
.... |
i • .... |
18 10 •.'1 |
||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
: ! |
||||||
|
! ( ' "( |
||||||
|
1 \ |
1 |
2.'-) a? 28 20 :!0 :ii :i2 |
||||
|
1 ' |
||||||
|
1 |
||||||
|
i : r-- |
||||||
|
i : |
||||||
|
i 1 |
||||||
|
1 ; |
||||||
|
i |
||||||
|
, |
||||||
|
1 i |
||||||
|
1 '.".'.'.''.z':z::::::::/::::.:::z^ |
viir. XIII 11
WM
Ml -M I '
i w.
M I
I;-
642 TEUTIAUY rNSK(3TS OF NOKTII AMKUIOA.
.SVSTKMATIi' I.IST (IK TIIK. Sri'.CIKS l)i:sil!Illi:il IN TIIK I'llKSKNT \Vl>UK, I'.TO. — CotllinilCMl.
Syntonintic list of ppccioH.
Groups, gvneri), and HiiccicM.
:» 4
r.
6 7 8 <l 10 11 I'i 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 «
2;i
25 2.i 27 2H 2U 30 31
:w
X<
34
35
J/,i/«''i>(7(iH(i — Con I '<1,
'rrapfZonotiiH stygiuliK
Lcuiiica lioliiu'sii
Liiiiiii'a piitiiiimi
Liniiii'ff aliolita
Linnii'a farccratu
LiTiiiifa cvolnta
; Linuita gravida
RliyparochroiiiiiN vorrillii
Pacliyiiipriis potrcnNis
TiroiiiiTiiH tiirpffactiis
Tiromei 118 taliitlnim
Litliocliriiimis gardncii
l^itliorliioiiiiiN oliHti'irtiiN
LitliocliroMiiiH iiioi tiiarlii8
LithochroimiH extriiiii'iiH
Coiitiirhroiiiiis iiiaiiiii!ii
I'rdlygii'UM iiiuiidatiis
Necrocliroin'is cockcrrlli
Nocrocliroiiins labatns
Nt'rioi'liroiiitis Huxit'ii MS
Kxi trills <'XHaiiij;iiiw
Cryptoc'liroiim.H letatiiK
I'lirrlioiorinn.
ItyHdt'rcii« ci net 118
Dysdercns iinicolor
CoHF.iru:.
^'ort-hiti.
Aimsa prisro|iiiticla
Aclirestocoris ciiiiirariiis
I'hthiiKK'oris <olli;;afii.H
I'litliii'iicoris li'lliar;;i<ii8
I*hlliiniirori8 laii);iii<liis
I'lilliiiioeoris pi'lraMis
I'ii'zocoris jieritim
I'u'zororiH roiiijiactiliK
I'iozocoriB ptTeiiiptiis
Ali/dinii:
r-nalydns lapHiiH
('aualydiis exHtirpatiis
I'age.
mi
307 397 3'J8
\m
.W 3!)!» 400 401 40-' 40-i 403 403 404 404 405
4IN;
407 107 407 40- 400
|
Plate and (igiirp. |
|
|
27 : |
11 |
|
23 : |
10 |
|
23 |
: 4 |
|
23 |
: 2 |
|
23: |
21 |
|
23 : |
10 |
|
23: 15 |
30 |
70,71
2ti: 10; 27: S I x
X
20: 2
ii: li
13
111 14
27;
41(1 •,..»: l|.i;i.l4 411'
|
11-' |
24 : 4 |
|
|
ll.i |
•J2: 1 |
|
|
111 |
22: 3 |
|
|
115 |
•-'»; : |
<7;27:1- |
|
115 |
27: ti |
|
|
llil |
||
|
117 |
25: If) |
|
|
iir |
||
|
117 |
20: 14 |
419 420
4'.: 12 I X 25; 3 I X
J i Kt
TABLES— IIEMIPTEFiA. 648
UisTKUUMiox OK tin: SrEuins with wiuuii Thkv aiuc Cv>'.:....«;d— C'outiuitod.
|
Fossil 8] |
c'cics. |
Mr «1 |
ExiBting Bpecies. |
|||
|
:t u Ft |
Niitiii' (il'specieH. |
Where CoiiikI. |
llorizciii. |
Naiiio ot'H|i»H'i«8. Whom living. |
||
|
I |
||||||
|
O |
Pacli. fascintiiH Ilccr .. Piifli. piilclioUiis llll T . |
Aix .- .1.. |
Li^iiriati |
f |
||
|
o |
...do |
\\ |
||||
|
" |
/[ |
|||||
|
f, |
||||||
|
1 |
(( |
|||||
|
' |
7 |
|||||
|
.::: ............... |
[ |
K |
||||
|
i i ' |
t) |
|||||
|
■ |
1 ■ ■ |
10 |
||||
|
i ' |
11 |
|||||
|
' |
1'> |
|||||
|
i |
1 |
rt |
||||
|
|
14 |
|||||
|
I 1 |
I'l |
|||||
|
t 1 |
i |
16 |
||||
|
!• |
1 |
17 |
||||
|
-• |
! |
1H |
||||
|
', |
1<) |
|||||
|
I |
j , , ; |
'?0 |
||||
|
1 ' ' |
"1 |
|||||
|
'W |
||||||
|
i |
O'l |
|||||
|
1 t |
»1 |
|||||
|
•") |
||||||
|
'T) |
||||||
|
1 |
•>7 |
|||||
|
i |
• |
9H |
||||
|
1 |
1 t ; |
»<» |
||||
|
■ |
' i.... |
1(1 |
||||
|
'11 |
||||||
|
' |
•\'> |
|||||
|
i 1 |
•n |
|||||
|
i |
w |
|||||
|
L.J i i....i |
nr> |
«U4 TKItTIAUV INSI'XITS OF NOUTIl AMKRIOA.
SV.SIKMATIC I.isr OK TIIK Si'KCIKS DkSCHIIU'.O IX lilK I'UKSKNT WOKK, KT(%— t'ollt illliwl.
M
Systeimitit' list of HpetifM,
licicaliticit wlicru I'iiiiikI.
(iroiipH, i;i'iii'ra, itiiil H|ii'rieN
I ;f
8
<»
10
II
I'.'
n
14
i:> It;
17 19
^1
22 23
21
2.".
2'.l ltd -.11
;m
Cvilaiiiim niliiiHtiiN . r:iriMliiriiiistiis uliscisMii!* ..
I'aroilunnihtiiM railiii'iis
I'arodiiriiiiHtiis cnllisuN. I'aroiliinniKtus il.'li'ctiis . raioilaniiiHtiiM i>\aiiiiiiatiis. ParodanniHtns iiiliiliitiiN I'rolfiior iinlinc'illU .
TeiKir «p<0:',iii'ii'
Ktircn'oris iiifcriialiH. l{ln'iiiiioriH i)ni'te('tim . Ulii'piicoriH niacrt'NciMiH . Iflii'pocorm pni'vali'im. Hlirpocoris pri>piiii|naiii<
hhepiicoriH miiiiiiia
Ortliriooorisa Ioii|i;ip«'»
I'liiiiilojihtiiiiia.
Ili'i'ila yiilosa
Ht'tTJa lapidoHu .
Hceria Cii'da
Ciiriiida.
t'ciriziiH I claliiH
Coriziis aliililiviiH
Ciiriziis MMiiiiiiriiiiK. CorizUN ){iitt:itiiH .
I'KNTATOMln.K.
Cjiilnida.
SliMioprlta |iinic til lata
l'lll(\(llMI'< IHiillllH
I'riM'ydiiiiH d<!\ ictiiH . rriMvdiiiiN ilivrxii.s.
I'roCVdilllM l|Mil>tllH.
I'mrvdniiH ridiiiiiiiM .
rriHvdiiiis \r>|i<'niH
riMc\ diiii'* tatdiii .
l'ro<'\diiii-< main 11 la HUH
Ni'croi'j '!iiii'< '• iili'MiiiiiH
NccicM ydiMw (jii'.iiiii'iiNiH ... Ni^rriHJtlliilM It.iprliH
nil I4t) III III 442 442 443 444 44.-.
ii:>
2>'; ir. 7: lit 7 : 22
X
X
(»li)jiii'i-in> do do .lo do (lo do <lo (lo (lo do (lu
TAI5LES— HEMIPTERA. 645
DiSTKiBurioN OK TUB Si'KoiKS wiiit WHICH TiiKY AitK C'd.mpaiiku— Coutiuued.
|
FosBil species. |
Existing HpecicH. |
||||||
|
Name of Hpecies. |
VVliero foiiiul. |
Horizon, g g |
Name of specieit, |
Where liTiiig. |
|||
|
I |
i |
1 |
|||||
|
a |
|||||||
|
1 |
...j : |
' |
3 |
||||
|
1 1 |
4 |
||||||
|
1' 1 |
5 |
||||||
|
1 |
<^ |
||||||
|
1 |
■ 1 |
7 |
|||||
|
8 |
|||||||
|
9 |
|||||||
|
10 |
|||||||
|
U 13 |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|
i |
||||||
|
— |
14 |
||||||
|
15 |
|||||||
|
16 |
|||||||
|
• |
n 18 19 ao |
||||||
|
1 |
|
||||||
|
i |
; |
1 ' / . |
|||||
|
1 1 |
' |
||||||
|
1 , |
ai |
||||||
|
r ■■ |
22 23 |
||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
:, " " ,, |
24 |
||||||
|
25 |
|||||||
|
26 |
|||||||
|
i |
1 |
1 |
27 |
||||
|
i "' * |
i |
28 |
|||||
|
! |
1 |
29 |
|||||
|
1 |
3() |
||||||
|
!•••• |
1 |
31 |
|||||
|
! |
1 |
38 |
|||||
|
33 |
|||||||
|
34 |
|||||||
|
35 |
646
TUliTIAUY INSKOTS OV NORTH AMKUICA.
SvsrK.M.vnr I.isr m iili: Si'kciks |)KsciiMti.i> in iiii; I'ltHSKNT Woiiii, ivrc— Ccinliiiiii'il.
Systeiimtiu lint nfajit'ciitH,
Localilii'S whiru I'liiiiid.
Groiipi), generii, ami HiircicH.
,. IMat. ,M„I |^M =
liftiii'f. ,i .-
3 i 1=^
>
^ o
(ii'()liij;ical horizon.
i
: :i
4
5 6
7
8
9
10
11
la
13 14 15 If. 17 H 19
ao
21
aa
2»
26 27 28
21t •M
31
32 3;{
Ci/dnida—Coni'A.
.N'eiToi'jdiius Ht vjiius 440
Necroeycliiiis nin.vi'.mint 4 l(>
XoiTocydiuiH wMiior 447
Ni'orocjdiiiis soliilatiiH 447
Ni!cro(!jdiiii.s rfviMlM.s 44rt
Thlibonu'ims iit'tri'iiH 449
ThliboiinMiii" ;>arviiH 449
Thlihoincnns prriMiu'itiis 450
ThlihoiiiciiiiM liiiiiisiis 4r>0
ThliboiiieiiiiH inact'r 4.")l
CyrtoiiU'iiiiM c'oiiciiinim 4")!
UiscoBtoniii up I.VJ
riiiiiiitiiiiidii.
Ttdcosihisliis aiitii|iiii:i 4r)4
Ti'h'oschistii.s rigoraliin 4."iti
TcleoHidiiHtiis phicatiiM 4,'>7
ThiH'toBchistii.H reviilsiiH it^
PotoschisliiH obiiiililliis 45r*
CacowdiihluH iiiaci'iialUH 4.'i9
Mutii'OM'hiistiiH liiniguniis 4tiO
PolioBchiNliiM ll};atiiN 4(il
Pidiow hist IIS hi|iiilariii« Hil
I'l'iitaliiriiilri fiiliaiiiiri 4l>-
TiroHcliistiiM iiicliiiiNiciis 4t'>l!
'rhliiiiiiiosi Iii.itii.i j-iavidaliis 4(i3
Mi'coci 'phahi Np 4(>4
COLBOPTERA
K1IV.\('II<)I'1|(I|;a.
ANTiiliimii I..
rhoraj^Ms liitilis 41)5
Hra<,-bylar»iis prist i huh ItKl
CratopariH ri'iM-vtiis Itiii
('ratcipaii- I'liisiiH 4(17
JIoniiiBOim [lartitiis Iii*
Sroi.Yriii.i:. |
ITyhiittus h<|iialidrMs 40ci
IliyiK < it's iiiipn's-iis 47(1
UrvociftoscarbDiianiis 470
|
28: |
k; |
|
•>•*; |
13 |
|
u.; |
23 |
|
•J.- : |
12 |
|
7: |
It |
|
22 : |
1) |
|
2: 17-19 |
|
|
2^: M |
X |
|
2>: 3 |
X |
|
2- : (! |
X |
|
21: 18 |
X |
|
21: 2 |
X |
|
21: 7 |
X |
|
2H: 10 |
X |
|
2.1: 1 |
X |
|
22; 4 |
y |
|
2-: 11,19 |
X |
|
2-1 : .1 |
X |
|
1:9 .. |
.. X |
|
7: 20 . |
.. X |
|
1: 4 ,. |
.. X |
|
H: 40 .. |
.- X |
|
i: 17 . |
.. X 1 |
|
2:u2:. . |
|
|
1 : 21 |
.. X |
|
8: oL. |
.. X |
Q.
|
» 1 (S 1 s o |
||
|
j |
OliKocpnc .do |
|
|
.. .do |
||
|
do |
||
|
'• '....ilo |
||
.do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do.
Dlinoei'iio
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do ....
...do...
...do....
...do....
...do...
...do....
...do
du.
s.n.
Ph'istoct'im
< )liHOCI!lll' .
....do
(il
i.
^m
TABLES— OOriKOPTEHA. DlSTBinuTloN OK THK SPECIK8 WITU WHC^H Thev akk CoMPAliBU— Continued.
647
|
Fossil HpeoioH. |
EziHtiiig Hpucius. |
||||||
|
1 ' ! 1 Name of species. Wlieru found. |
H Hori/.on. £ § ^2 |
Name of species. |
Where living. |
||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
' |
i |
||||||
|
1 "' • |
» |
||||||
|
t |
4 |
||||||
|
'"•**■"■■*"*"■ |
5 |
||||||
|
6 |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
1 |
... |
1 |
8 |
||||
|
|
....i |
I) 10 U 12 |
|||||
|
.... |
...J |
|
|||||
|
o |
C. iiiiraliilisl'erly . |
nnizil |
|||||
|
, |
|||||||
|
13 |
|||||||
|
14 |
|||||||
|
15 |
|||||||
|
16 |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
18 |
|||||||
|
,.... |
19 |
||||||
|
.... |
20 21 |
||||||
|
i---- |
|||||||
|
1 |
22 |
||||||
|
i |
1 |
23 |
|||||
|
1 |
24 |
||||||
|
1 25 |
|||||||
|
' |
[ |
26 |
|||||
|
27 |
|||||||
|
('. liiMiidiH (Kiibr.) |
Eastern U. S .. |
128 |
|||||
|
129 |
|||||||
|
! |
;!0 |
||||||
|
i " i i |
; 1 |
31 |
|||||
|
]'" |
I). .•itt'abor(Maun.) |
.' Boreal America |
32 |
||||
|
i .. |
t |
1 |
33 |
048 TKIiTlAKV INSH(!TS OK NORTH AMKIMCA.
SVMKMAIIC 1. 1-1 (i| nil: Sl'KllKS l)KS(l!IMr.|i IN IIIK ritKSKNI UculK, K IC. - I'llllMlllltl SyHttMiiittiu list otHliticioH. l,lll1aUll(^s wlii'in tuiinil.
T
,, 11. i'liiti- anil ^S M rl X
6
"aQ S
-a
I* p is ! aa
M: :i
u . ;|H. t J I
: 7,:i.".
-: •ill
Ci'iccruoxiD.i;. !
I t'r.vptorli.vmliiiH iiniiiisiiH ITl
■J (iviiiiulidii 111 ciiiici ri -:'Jii
;i Aiillitiniiiniii M>|ii>iiis 17- - : Iti
4 i HyloliiiiM iiiiivi'iliis IT.! ■• : 117,11
r> I.istriiiiDtiiN iiiiiiatiis 471 tJ: "J.!
6 Kiitiniiis piiiiiiirilialis 174 .'•; lu'.l, lU'.la
(Iriiiuiivxiiiii) i;. ! I
T Kiiiliuioniis iiTiiiHiis t7r> f'-.'i'.i
H Taiiyiiieiiis st'riiliiniiii I7.'i ■<; -i,;
'.( Olidrliyiii'luiH perililiiN 4;ii 8 : sifi
10 Olioilijiiilius tiiiiiliir 477 H:l;i
11 Oplir.va.-ti-s iiiiiipartiis 477 S; :!'.!
I'.' Kpiiarim Na\atilis 47-; :■ ; :!.l,;!4,:ill
111 Kpirariis rxaiiiiiiis 47'.>
14 EpicHTiiH rllii.-.sii> IHll
; Km M iiirih I-.
ir> Kiij;iiaiiiptim j;raiiil:r\ ii> 4-1
lii i:ii);Maiiipliis <le<'«-iiisalii> \-i
' iii:Ti:ii(iMi;i;A.
I Hlllril'lloKIK K.
!7 lililpiplini IIS ;;i'ikii'i 4—-'
ri:Ni;i!i:li>Mli i:.
!■< Tfiirliriii |iniiii;;riiHi.s 4"^:i
1,1 111 nrlMi> aiiilis ._ 1-4
, riivroriiAiiA
('llKYM>.\li;i III l:.
«(J fialcnui lla pirn K.
ai ('rypio <'|ili;iliis vftiisiiis 4-.'i
SV DoiiarlaNlii'ia I-..
•j:! Diuiacia piiiiipalira l-i.
I.A.MII.I.ll nliMA ; ScAii \ii 1111 1..
•i\ Trox iiiiBlali'ti I*"
!t") AplioiliiiH priM'iirsor 4~~
•Jli .K;j;ial'a nipta l-',t
»'7 , i'|i,iii.i lis aiitii|iiiis I-',)
'iti I I'liuTliliiiiii 1' I Ml I ill II 111 4',iu
X .... X|.... X |....
X ....
(icoloKJi'ul liiii'li'.iiii.
.1.
X
X
X
X
X
X i
X
X
X X
; Oligoceuo
....ill.
....ilo
ilo
...ilo
! Olijjoceiief...
1 I X
IJ
I I
Iv
I I •J: :!1 ... .
7 ; j;i, :'- .... :
I ; JH
1 : :!:t,:i4
|
1: II .... |
|
|
-: Ul .... |
|
|
1 |
1-J 14 .... |
|
1: |
lK_.w ....! |
()llj{<R'(<llO ...
.....1(.
...llo
...ill.
...ill.
...In
....ill.
.....Ii.
UliHiu'1'iii!
'....ilii
()Ii);i.rriir
Oliyc.rriii'f ..
Oli({oci'im . .. .S. <), rii'isli.ifiio.. S.O ili>
M,
: 1*. K. I'li'istocciit)
. ...| ()li;;i>ri'iiB .
P. K. I'liisliici'iie
I'. K llo
T
TABLKS-OULKOl'TKKA. 649
DiMTKIIIL'TIIlN OK Till': Sl'liCIKS \V I I IL WHICH 'I'lll-.Y AIIK (,'(|MI'A11KI>— ColltHHK'll.
FoMHil Hpocies,
Nuiiu) of Hpvcius.
Where fiiuiid.
Hni'i/.Dii.
KxiHting il|)uvit'^<.
1^ B.
.Naiiii' (i('M|it'ciea. Where liviiiK.
! i <j. tutur Srhdiih ... Allantii^ SliitcH
" [ II. piiiviiniH (iiTiii. Kaslern II. S
O.NiilcatiiH (l-"alir.). KiiKlorii N. A j 9
i 10
1 (). <iiiiirii.-. iScliiiuli . Mfxiio. : 11
;
.' ° ' K. j;ri.s<'ns Schiliili do \ I'i
. ...I i i;i
: 14
ir>
10
n
18 19
T. iiiolilor (Liuii. ).. Eurdpc, N. Aiiier.
•-" (i. iiiaiitiiiia Lc(J. .. Atlantic (States j 20
! ('. viim.xtiis Kabr... Eastern I'. S ; 21
I), iiorosicolli.s l.ae.. J^ake Sii|).,N. Kiijj;!. i 'i'i
! I). iMiliieollis SiiU'r.. Illiiioi.s 23
24 25 26 27
28
A.ruriiola Mel.sh... Aiitlio.sti to La.
1'. pinto HaroUl ! Arizona, Mexico
650 THKTIAHY INSl^OTS OF NUUTH AMKKICA.
Svsii:mai'ic I.ihi' uc nil: SI'kciks Dkhciiiiikk in 'niK I'liKsiisi' Wokk, ktc— (-'oiitiiuied.
SyHti'iiiiitic IIhI iilNiM'rii'n. liiiuulitiiw wlii'i'r rmiiKl,
(iriiii)iM,K>'iifia, and h)Ht('ii'n.
I'l^f.
- If ' Si I 4 l-i I'liiti- anil '^5j«g M ' .'Z S.f
O .£ r=
H: 94
SKRIMCORNIA.
I'llMP.l:.
1 I Aiioliiiiin >>val)< VM
'.2 ! AiKiliiiiiii ilccfiitMiii \ 4!<vi
I '
M I Aiiiilihiin li^uliinii ' VH
4 I Sitoilrepii (Iclnnctii Il»'.t
! Mltukstidk.
5 liiiprt'HtiH tertiai'ia l'.':!
f' Hiiiiri'NtiH HaxiyiMia -t'."!
~ Hiilut-stiH M'|iiilla !'.*<'>
i Kl.AIKIMIi.l:. ! I
8 ! OxyKOiiii.mniirtiiii« liMI .">: lln, III
9 : Cory 111 III 1 4M M'latiiH I'.Mi
-: 1 .... X
d: 18 „..; X
•c
s I S'
OfuluKlcal liiirizon.
X |...
X ...
Oligocoiie...
....do
. ... do
....do
•,'; V.M.-,':. N.
•,>: •.•!; ....i N.
:iii
:ii. .... X
T: 'j:! . .,
10 C'n'|it(ili\ piiiis lirii'ntriH I'.'T
11 r,|ii|iliaiii.-< (lilrliis
1-.' Klalciula' sp UtH •.' : -.'rt
I CI.AVICOKNIA. i
HYi!iimi..K i
lit NiisimIi'IIiIihII tlit.lVIIIll r.l'.i
NlTIKCI.ll> I .
II riii'iiiilia iiirupax I'.l'.l
l.'i rr(iriii-iii|ii,i ilcpili-. r>li(i
I'llVl'IOI'llAlilD !;. I
It' .\Mlliiiii|iliaj;ii!t pi ImUs Tilll T:'JI,llfi|.
Ct Cf.MD.v:.
17 I'ai.iiiiliita \i hiita .'lUl , 7:41
I KlloTYI.lli.l . I
H .Mvcciin-iiix liiii(ilani> fill-J 7: llll
SiAi'in I iMi' 1 , I ii.ci)iiliiii. lit Oxjt((liis jiristliiiis
Oli^ouuiief . Ollgiicuiit< . .
N.
4;t- .-iMlH.lU ........IX I Ollgoceuof .
N.
50:J .'.: IIO-ISW
ao Hlfiliiis ailaiiiiiK Wl( !
21 HIeililiit tiliM'iutllH .'lUri
IW <)X> pill lis htirlilcll.s .')(!.'.
I'll ill r hi i.
'2'.\ Latlil'oliiiiiii aliHi i'»«iiiii TiOfi
•i\ I.atliliiliiillii iiiti'l).'lai j.ilr ' r>0(i !
SUijihiiliiiiiii. I I
Wi'i l.i'iHliitropliiiN palriaii'lilniH 507
SJU , yuidius rhmubifliui I (m
H: 10
1 : :i:i
I : :!l!
ir.,21
1: Ari
Ollgoueiie ..
Oligooeuo .. — do
Ollgoceoe ..
• I OllKoceiif) ..
I
\
■ 01i){<ic('iio . .
X OligociMicf..
X Olijroi Till' ..
...\t4(f< f". <). I'lrisiori'iHi .
<)lif;o(;eiui .. .
S. O. I'lfistocolie..
OliHiKcnef ..
..... 1 Oligi/ci'iio . ..
I I
:■: n-i X i ....4
t
'4
t
f
TAHLKH— COLIC OI'TKIfA. 651
l>l«TIIIIUITH>N OK IIIK Sl'KflK.S Wild WIIICII TllKY Alll: Cl iMl'Mtlill -('"lit illlll'd.
KoHHil gpeoieH.
3
NaiiiK of H|)('vii^N, I Wliuri' louiiil.
KxiHtiiiK KpuuiuH.
Iliiriziiii. £ 5
its
3g
II. Hi'iu'ctii Muyd. .. i 8iubluH . do ! (li) ..
....<lo.
.do
nil" Ol N|ll'(tl)tH,
Wliiire living,
Ai|iiitaiiiiinf
..ilo
..do 1
^' i C. 8pU'ii(U'ii8 Zicnl-| LakfSii|i.,N. Kugl. { '■)
" j C. plaiiiitns I,eC ' Atlaiitir States 10
I '^ K. foiiiiitiis E.tiliseli Uort'iil America |U
IJ
'^ N. uiiifdliir Sav \ rcnii. * Ncmtlnvaicl.
!! r. yicwNU ( I'alir.) ..', North. H.S.iCanada. •^ '■ P. Ncxriiai'iilal;! S.. Conlnil I'. S
" A.DcliraiiiisMi'lNli, Norllii'iii K. S.
IK
14 l.'i
Hi
I'. i:i|iliiilii|iH |,i'(! ! Alizona 17
i M. saii^;iiiiii|>«'iini.s I. Kastcrii U. .S Irt
! (). iiiHDsiiH ((irav) I Atlaii. States; Km-. Ill
li. iiiiinilarin l.ft; Nmlli Aiiii'iica 1*40
( ; H, I.
l.lC New Vol!
. I ' I,, .■li)iij;al 111111,1.. ) - Kiuoim
. I ^ ^j, utamlv LkC Lake Slip, to N. C
•a •a
•Hi
m
i t
652 TEHTIAUV INSKCTH OK NORTH AMKKKJA.
HVHTKM.Mll' I.IHI "I- IIIK Sl'KlIK'* llt>Cllllli:i> I \ IIIK. I'llKNllM- Wollk, KIT,— CulltlUIIUll.
l.iH'ulitit'N wliiTK t'oiinil.
><j:<<ti'iiiiitii' IIkI iit'H|ii'i'ii'H.
(li'oiipN, Ki'iii'ta. mill H|iri'ji'K.
I.,. I'liiii' iiii'i is
li«iir
.s7(i^)A//'i«(wi— C'liiit'il. I CjiiuiliiiM liri>\vi<ri fitw
I AUnrhdliui. I
n;: I
. : ".IK>
. . .'lOll
.. r.iii
|j:i. IJ4 -; II
0
I
? .! ' ".2 5
o>'\ t !i = fa
GenloKlcal liiir till.
^i«
X
X X X . X X X
X X
3 Oyropliii'nii Niixiii'lu
:l lliiMialola ii rj?ia
4 Sl/i|i|ivliiiilrH iiliNiili'tiiiii
llYiiuiii'iiii.iii>:. I Sjihiiridi'nii, |
r> Cerryoii ti'rrin<'iia 'ild "J: 'Jl
lljidniliiini.
I! Il,v<lri>liiii>< ili'i'JiM'iatiiM Till "; 'J7
'• llyili'iiliiiis riiiitixns 'ill T: 'J'l ...
rt rliilliviliiiN |iriiiia'\ UN .'ilJ ": ,"i
;i riiilli\iliii» x|P|i fit'.'
10 Lacrcihiiis i'liili)!atllH "illl 7 'JT, '»'■<! ....
11 ItfUisii^ si'.VNliiutUM .'il:i 7:40 ....
1',' liiT'istis iiiiiiiN 'ill H:rt
llyiliopliiliiii.
II! rrci|iiNii'niiiK Miilptilix I i'll 1 ....
14 rrn|iistri i.iis .tiiMalm .M.'! H: •Jj...
Ililupliiirini. |
l.'i HjclriicliiiM aiiiicliiM ' .'■!.■> I: 47
1(1 llyclrocliiiH IrliitilH .Mil •" : II
17 IIflii|ilionis lincscciiH .'ilil 1 : .'ill !
I ItVTIHClK.t:. I I
' f.UKiiiihiliiii. ' '
1« I.aici)|iliiliiM Kp • r.l7 .'■: 1111,117
iCMiADII".!.. I hlti inini.
I'.l CliNi'iiiiH piiiiciiilaliiM I •'>I7 I:
l.ili iiii.
'it) Cyiiiimlis aurora i .MH I: tl ..
I I'liiliinnii. j j
21 PlatymiK MMicx ."ilo 7::i8 ..
'.".i I'latviiUH casiiH .')1'.) I , 4'i i...
1 I
•J:t rialyiius IiIikIcI ,V.>ii 1 ; .'14 .....i...
■ii I'latyiiiiH lialli ".•Jn I: II |.......
■J.'i I'lutyiius iliNwipatim .V,'l 1: 117 j
•,'H I'latyiMiN ilrMictiiH ,V,'l il t 4;!,.'>1,58 j j...
•-'7 I'latjnu.s liarttii I .V^J i 1 : :U j....'...
•ja I PlatyiiUH ciuHiiH 5-,"J I 7:;t4! ! x
01 i|{<)ct<iiu . .
Ollgocene f . .
X 01i|{l)CBII« . . .
X ...., I OliK<i('uiiu . ..
OliKiicfiie . .. ....<li. .
...il.i
....ilo
...do
....a.i
....<io ;
OligOVHIIH . .. ....llo
, ..j. ...I , .S. t». I'luLsloreiic. .
X .. 1 1 <)li){oc<'ii<' .
I iS. (). I'lflstlH'flll'. .
I
Olij{ocencf ..
1'. K. ririslocclll'..
1'. K. I'li'islocoiH'.
X I-... 1 1 Olifjoct'iie . ..
...i 1 1 S. O. I'leiHtocfiio..
8.0. 8.0, 8.0. S.O.
S.O.
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
OliKiicitiin . .
TAnr.KS—COLKOPTKUA.
fi53
PlHTHiHi ftciN i)|. niK S|'|,iii;n Willi Willi II I'm Y Mti ('(i.Mi'\iii;ii ('uiiiiiiiiril
KdM-il HlK'ci.N, KxiHllllj; Hpil'itW.
N'aiiin lit' RiiiM'il'M. U'linrit foiiiiil. Iliiii/cm £r N:iiiii' ii( N|uTii'H. \Vln'i<- livlnij.
I ^ i . _.
'^ ! (/.IlKiliirllilillNUniV.
II. K.; Kiiropp . . , I
^ ti, vliiiilii KricliH. . ; I'HiiiiHvlviiiiia.
II. Iiisi'i|i('s Curt . . (,'oHiii(i|i(ilitiiii I 11
I 7
I H
I it
' 10
r.. iiiiMrtilii'iiiiiHCli. McxIfD.f 11
' ' i I
|i.(ll.S|lillillll,s('llCV|| Mi'XilO I lli
' i
'I', inrxiiiiiiiis CmnI . Mi-xii-i) CI
T. liiMiitiiliiM W'lilli . \':iiiciiiivi'r IhI 11
• 4*»r»' w^***
! I 1'. liimlni . .. o j I>. halli. ... ! |....il(.
'^ II. siilii iiiii'ciisK'mihI. Lalu- Sii|>. wiiuIi« il. l.'i
10 ■^^ 11. tiiliriruliiliiMtJ . . Niii'.r. S. • Sfiiml'Mi. j 17
|
o |
r. Iiiilll i Sciirlioro i |
rielHtoL'fiie |
. . },. liiarillii.siisdci'iii,
! ('. Iiitii'cilli-, Sa.v..;
LakiiSiip. tiilia ... 18
\. Y. loKla.,.\riz.. ! lU
C. amoriiaiia 1'''.)., Ni'"" Vork
^' I'. vnriolatiiHl.cC'. ! C'alifmiiin
P. nil)r,l)i'sZiiiiiii. XIiil.Stat".s to Kunn. ° Do.
.. Siarlioii) rii'l.stoceiic I ' 1'. civiiistrialiisLcC
....ill ....111
.(li) .do
...ilo
Wrsteiii SlatCH ...
..lo
22
2;{
'M
25 20 27
28
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
".I
1.25
ri|28
150 '*^~
1^
^ 1^ 112.0
1^ iiA
1.8
U IIIIII.6
V
V.
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, NY 14580
(716) 873-4503
«-■
«>^
^ ...^i
/A
^o
654 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
.Sysikmatu' List nv tiik Species Drsckiukk in the Piiksent Work, ktc— Cotitiiiiiocl.
Sj'HtoiiiHtic Imt of HpecieH.
Qroiips, (;euera, and Hpccios.
Pa>,'<'
Plate mill
tigUTO.
524 r.25
Ai'iiijni.
Diplocliilii licusliawi
Dicu-liiN aliilacoiiH
Dira-liis sp
rieroslichiiii.
PtcroHticliimaliriisatiis | 5"^
Plero-ticliiiH tloniiitauH 5iJfi
PtiTosticlius <li!Htitiitiig ; r>3C
PleroBticliiis fraol n» r>'27
Pterosticlins (Icstnictiis , <ii7
Pterosticliiis ucImIhs ' •t'i' 1 : .Vi, ri'J-6l .
I !
PtorostieliiiH la'vigatiiH WH ; 1: ;{, 4 ;.
1:5!.
'i-i : It
1 : H-10
1: 15
1 : :{'J 1: 4!), 55
t: 44 1 : -."J, :io
1: 40
Localities where fonnd.
a .!> s s
B
" t-.
iis
a
o
Pterostichiis »p 52!*
I'ogoiihii. I
la : Patiobimfii'liitiis I 530 j
Jlembiiliini. \
l;i Ueiiil)i<liuni exolrti'in 5:i0 5: yi\,l'i!l
14 I<i'iiil)i<linni glaci.itiiiii iM 1:40
15 Bciiiliiilimii fniuiiiriitmii r>:il
Xihrihii.
Ifi
Nebria pali'itiiifhi
5:w
Ltirhiriiii,
17 \ Lnricera glaoialiN ! 53S
18 \ Loricera liitosa 533
I ICIiiphrini. I
IS) : KlaphriiH irrcgiilariH 534
Carahiiii, HO Ki'otbaiieg ti'Ntt'iis
Cyrliriiii. i j
21 Cycbrns wbi-atlcyi 5:t<)
2i j CvehniM minor 5:17
DIPTERA.
CYCLOUHAPHA. LoN<ii.i:ii>.i;. Loucbii-a HfiieKoenB
24 I'alloptrra morticina
O HI A 1. 1 !).»:.
25 ! IJtburtaliHpirtu
23
539 540
541
1: 4^
1 : 45
2: 20
I: 50.57 1: 32
1 : :.ti
■.:15 7: 32,39
1: 1 1: 2
3: IH 3: 15
|
h |
i |
|
_> |
'■J« |
|
IS 2 |
■Si |
|
la |
|
|
ts |
P5 |
, P.K.
I P.K.
8.O. 8.0. 8.O.
(ieological horizon.
Oligouone
PU'iMtouene.. ...do
Pleistocene .
...do
do
8.0 do
S.O. 8.O.
P.K.
....do ...do ....do
. P.K. I... .do
S. O. lUeiatoctMie . i I
I Oligoi't'iie f .
iS. O. Plristocciio . !s. O. i....do
I
' S. O. Pli'lHtoceno . S. O do
3; 10,1(1 ....I....1....I y.
.S.O. I'liiNtoccue..
Oligocuue...
P. K. i l*lt>ifitocene . P.K. ....do
..
1
4-
^8.
i
]
I
I
■r
TABLES— DIPTERA. 655
DisTHliitrrioN ok tiik Si-kciks with which Thkv auk (Jompaiiki)— CcSMtiiiiu'il.
KoHBil HpecieH.
I
Naiiieof Hpuoicg,
KxiHtiii); gpuciex.
VVlioro (imnil. '■ llonzoii.
^ § Xiiiiu' lit KiMifiies.
Whore liviiij;.
• j ! I I
U. major Lo C
D. (liliitatus Say...
Southern II. S
U.S.cast ofGt. PIm ....
D. oloiigatiifi Hr)ii..i do
P. herculaiieuhManu! Pac. coant, Hi. Am — i 4 P.ln'tnlusLe C ' (Jal
P. decti tutus .
! ! P.siivi Iiriill(? : All. and West. States ..
Scarboro I'leiHtoceiu'
!! • 1'. iiatniulis Dcj X.V., Mid. States
! P. ImdNoiiicnsLeC ; Itiidson Bay
6 7 8 9 10 U
P. seiiteiitiioiii.sDi'j. >'()r. Kiir.; Arctic Am .. | 12
IJ. iuuMiualeSny i Northern I '. S l;l
! j B. IdnKiiInm I'eC' LilicSwperior; N. Y — 14 ! I B. conKtrictumSay ., New Euglaud 15
10
L. ciurnU'Kci'iisLinn. Hor.Ani.iV Kiir.; Siberia. 17 i 18
! ^ K. viridis Horn Caiiforniii 19
I i
C. viduus Dcj
C.audrewsli Harr
Pennsylvania
Central Atlantic States.
ao
22
23 24
25
B56 TERTIAUV INSECTS OF NORTH .\MEUICA.
Systkmath; List ok tiik Spkcies Dbsckiiikd in thk Pkesknt Wokk, ktc— Contliiiiml.
Syatematio list of speoieg.
Gronps, ((eueru, auil wpeciPH.
Page.
r>4<i
54(i
Plate and flj{nre.
;«; »^ »! 111,16,1
m. IH. »ii.«n,>
' 24, «M, x«. 5 ,»: ;.».». 90, 1 I XI.XI. ]
10: 5
»: 1,2
5: 76
54H :l: JO
541( :t: :(4
^^1 i ^..i}:^:{Si)
.'•): in(i, 1118
5 : ra, u. KL lur
r.: 77
:> : W. HI . W. l(Ht I
100
.'.at 5:>:t ri^4
554
r>:i4
SrioVYZin.K.
1 Sei iiii.vza rvvt-latn ' 548
2 . Suioniy za iiiaiicii .'i4:<
3 Si'ioiiiyza clUji'i'tn
4 Scioinyza sp
I Hklomv/ulK,
5 Heteromyza m-nilis
C Heteroiiiyza detocta
AxriioMYlK.K,
7 Aiitbumyia iiiniiiiiinta
8 Aiitlioinyia hiir^jcssi
Mr.scio.K •) Miisca aiteariili's
10 MiiKca Uiliona
11 MiiHca »p
12 Alii.tea hydropica
i:t Muiica vinciilata
14 MiiHcu spp
Tachixid.i:.
15 Tachiiia Hp
ri.ATYi'KZIll.K,
If) (Jalluinyia tnrporata
CO.NOPID.E.
17 Poliomyia ncta
SYiti'iiin.K.
H Milcaia iiiiadrata
IK KriNtalis lapidons ,
20 Syrpliiis sp
ai Cliilosia aiiipla ,
ii2 Cliilo^ia sp
83 OUilosia »p .^
'M Psil^ta tabidosa
ar> SyrpLldiH h].
I ORniOKIIAPHA,
' DnLICIHU'ODIIl.E.
•J() Dolieliopus up
Cyimiip i;. !
a* Acrocera hirsiila ; SOU
A8iLii>.i:. 2H 8t«nncincli8 aiioiiiala r><i4 , '.*: 10
Localilies whrre foiinil.
a a 6
3
as ? Sis
r>,j8 5:.9 r>r>9 r«i
561 561 562
:m
9: 11
556 0: lU.ai
0: l:i j 5: 48,41)
!•: 14, -27
'.»: 26
0: H
O: !»
10 : it
6
3C S
6 i
o
QeoloKical lioriziiii.
01ij;occne .
-do. .do
Oligoct'iie f
X X X X X X
X I.
Oligoceiiu . . OliKUceiiH t Oligocene . .
X \ OUgocoiiH T . .
X Oligoct'iic ? .
X : I Oligiiceiir f ..
X i 1 Oligoct'ut! f ..
X ' I Oligoceiie T . .
X ! I i Oligdcene t . .
X -• ; Oljjjoceiio
i ; '
X I — i Oligoccni'....
Oli;;oceiie....
Oligoceiie.... Oligocenu ? .. Oligoceiie....
...do
...do
...do
do
....do
^^.
TABLES— DirTERA. ©57
DlSTHIBl'TION OF THE Bl'F.CIKS WITH WHICH TllEY ARB CoMPAKED— CoDtiimed.
|
Foasil gpeoiea. |
Existing speoieH. |
||||||
|
Name of Bpeoies. |
Where fonnd. |
Horizou. |
Name of Hp-iies. |
Wbereliviug. |
|||
|
I |
|||||||
|
|
<} |
||||||
|
•) |
|||||||
|
,) |
|||||||
|
5 |
|||||||
|
A |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
|
8 |
||||||
|
q |
|||||||
|
in |
|||||||
|
11 |
|||||||
|
1« |
|||||||
|
1 |
If |
||||||
|
, |
i |
14 |
|||||
|
15 |
|||||||
|
1H |
|||||||
|
17 |
|||||||
|
■ |
18 |
||||||
|
19 •iO |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
1 |
|||||||
|
'» |
|||||||
|
n |
|||||||
|
'fi |
|||||||
|
|
w |
||||||
|
9f» |
|||||||
|
, |
97 |
||||||
|
2fl |
VOL XIII 42
mm
1
668 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA.
SVBTKMATic LiBT ov THK 8PECIK8 Dkscuibrd IN TiiK Phbsknt Work, ktc— Contiuued.
Synteinatic list of Hpecies.
Oroups, geuera, aud HpecieH.
1 'i
3 4
fi 6 7 8 9 IC II
la
13 14
l.-i lii 17 18 19 20 21
'ii •j;t
^4
25
2(> 27
2H ••".t :tO 31 32 33
AsiLlDiK- (.'oiitiniivd.
StenocincliH sp
AHJlidiu sp
Sthatiomyid.k.
Litliophysa tuinulta
AHarconi} ia cadaver
TlPULID*.
Dicranoioy ia stignuwu
Dicraiioiiiyia priniitiva
Dicranouiyia roHtritta
Spiludoiiiyiu Hiiiiplex ,
Prouophlebia rodiviva
Cyttaroinyiu fvneHtrata
Tipiila dfcTupita
Tipiila tecta
Tipulii Hptdiata
Tipiilu iwpiilcbri
ClIIKONOMIDJi:.
Cbironoiiius HcptUH
CliironoiiiiiH depIetUH
Cliirunoiinm puteim
CliiniuonmH Hp . .
Cliiroiiomidin sp
C'liiruuoiniila' np
Cbironoiiiidji- np ..
CfLICID.K.
Ciilex damnatoruni
C'ulex proavitiiH
Coretbra oxita
BliiioMi)^:.
Flecia muiilkutuei'ua
Piecia peulei
Plecia dejecta
MYCETUPIIIMD.f:.
Sciara deperdita
Sciara Hcopiili
Mycetiipbila occitltata
Aiiatella taoitu
Trichonta da\v8i)iii
Rytiiubia Htraiigiiluta
Pane.
5*KI
5C7
rm
5/0 .571 573 574 .'>75 r)76 .'■.77 .'■.77 ,'■.78
Plate and flgnre.
Loealitiea when; found.
a \>
So CO
o
10: 15
.'-, !
,'■.78 r.7l> ,'■.80
r.81
Ml ,'Wl
.-)82 .582 MA
583 585
586
586
588 589 .5!t0 ,590
9: 31 9: 17
il«.17. »-t7.l U. M.W. W)
• : W. ll.«6-«7 :: 40. 4I,<3. il
5: 37, ,!8
5: 39
5: 78
5: ,■■.«>, .57
5: 46,47
10: 4
10: 1
10: 8
5: 62
18,19,28
5: :W,33 5 : 24
10: 14
5: 8,9
5: 22,23
3: 20-22
<: 9.3,10-11
10: 17
3: 17 . Ill: 16 ■
^ : 44. 4.'>. M. U ■
10: 13 .
3: 12,13 I.
10: 2 .
I
6
•c
»
Geological borizon.
.do.
Oligocene. ....do
Oligocene t Oligocene... Oligocene t Oligocene t Oligocene f Oligocene f Oligocene f Oligocene T Oligocene.., ....do
I
Oligocene.. Oligocene f OligfHieue f Oligocene.. Oligocene f Oligocene f Oligocene t
Oligocene... Oligocene 1 Oligocene t
8.
T.C. i Oligocene t
; Oligocene.
Q.
Oligocene... Oligocene f . Oligocene...
Q.
.do.
TABLKS— DIPTEKA. fi59
0I8TKIBI:TI0N ok TIIK Sl'KflKM WITH Wlllt'll 'i'llKY AUK C'oMI'AltKD— (,'oiltilllieil.
|
FoHlil MpUl^iuH. |
KxiHtiug Hp(;oieH. |
|||
|
II |
NuiiK) uf HpucieM. |
WUero I'miiiiiI. |
llori/oti. I^o Nuuui of sp<M;it'H. Where livinj;, '11 i |
|
|
1 |
||||
|
•i |
||||
|
; i |
||||
|
1 |
||||
|
I |
-, |
|||
|
1 |
6 |
|||
|
1.. |
7 |
|||
|
H |
||||
|
■■' : |
<) |
|||
|
1 |
in |
|||
|
1 |
:; ' i" ::::■■■■;: |
1 1 |
||
|
1 |
1 |
|||
|
1 *"' |
||||
|
1 |
||||
|
! |
I") |
|||
|
i<) |
||||
|
|
17 |
|||
|
1-* I'l |
||||
|
' |
'>() |
|||
|
a;i "1 |
||||
|
1 i : i |
||||
|
.. |
||||
|
1 |
•>r, |
|||
|
"fi |
||||
|
"7 |
||||
|
: 1 ! ° Sc. ungulata Wiiiii. Kuiopc |
"i |
|||
|
'«) |
||||
|
in |
||||
|
"11 |
||||
|
•(•> |
||||
|
1 |
1 ; |
:» |
660 TKRTIAItY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
SvsrKMviu' List ok rifi'. Si-kciks Drackiiibd in tub Phkhkst Woiik, ktc— (Joiitliiiiuii.
SyNtt'iiintiu liHt of HpecicN.
LiiculititiN wlicro fiiuud.
UroiipH, gi-iiura, uikI N|iiM:ii<N,
I'll^K.
I'lutti ikiid tlgiirc.
a
* e S3
2
:i 4 5 (i 7 H
;»
ID
11 Vi
i:i
14
17
\n
19
2ti 21
!« 24
*■.
•.'7
WH
:<() :!l
MY<KTl>PHILII>.K-CoUt.
Briu'lix |ii'/.a aliilii
Ilriicliypt'zu pim'fi'ii
OiiDiistti lU'iitiiiii
liiilcliiiii Hi'pnltii
Uiik'titiit iiiiiliriitirit
Ilolc'tiiia p,ilii(livii;;a
Sjukenia arciiiita j
Sauki'iiiu »p j
Saokfiiia Hp I
A Mac li Ilia HP '
Siicipliila liyatlii
Iiiaildcitlia ti'iiioila
Mycftopliiliilii^Npp
('Kcii>(».Mvn>.»:.
Lasioptera rin'oNa
Lithiiiiiyi'a riiii<lita
LEPIDOPTERA.
TiNKiii.i:. <
I'ni'railia moll lit' I la
HVMENOPTERA.
■n;Ki:iiKAxri.\.
rK.MIIIIKIUMIl.l .
TaixouiiM iiorldiii
('ilAl.i.'ii)iii.i;. IJi-caloiua aMtii|iia
llHACOMD.l:.
Calypt'ti'K an ted i I II V Ian II III
Hrariiii lamina I Mm \
HiaoDii »p
Brai'imiila' np
lirai'oiiidii' Mp
I<llNKrMONI.>.K.
Icliiii'iiiniin pi'IriniiN
LllhiiiiirnH i icKwiiii
liliyHHaJiiM'iiih
I'inipla saxca
Piiiil.la Nini-ita
I'liiipla ill lis. a
• ilypla liaiisM'inalU
KrlvtiiN IntaliiH
591 r><M
f)t»;t 5U:t
5U4
r)t»r> 5g«> r>9ii r.it7
(UlO <HI1
i;(i:i
tM)4
•;im; *;i>i; (k)7
(i07 (i07
(illH ill 19 t>()9
titll till i;!-.' );;:! UI4
•A: 7,tf I.. ;{: U ,..
r.: 6,7
:i: 9
10: :<
10: 7
r>::<,4,i'.j,i:i :.: f.O
Me
9: 1'^
10: 0
10: 10.11
ill: \i
if. -At-;!!
r>: :i4-afl
I.-.: 1-M7 X i.
10: •i\^,•i^
10: -JO, :ti
■A: -Ai
10: !J9
:i: :i:(
10: |M |....; X
...| X
10: IM
m a
!S I a
y.
Ui-oUigiuul liurizoii.
i y-
Olidoceiiof
Oli){ovuiio..
.....lo
Oligoconet OII);<>('aMuT Oligoceiio..
...do
...do
...do
...do
X j I Oligocenuf
X I ! I Olinoceiief
y-
X 1
t
01l);ocuiie....
01it{ocene.... OliKoveuu
OllgoL'unt)
Oligovenu. .. .do. ...
10: 19 ....; X ....
:i:2;. ....'....!....
:i; a9-:ii I !....
:i: •-'•
I-
10: •-'.". 10: -iX
X X
...do.
y. y-
; I ^ I : i
r):14,15 1 X ()lij{oc:i'iie f ..
10: 21 , X Oligoeeiie
Oligoueno
....do I
i
m-~^
TABIilia— II YMKNOl'TKHA. 601
Di8Tiiinirri<tN ok tiik Si'k.<;ik.» with which Thkv aiii; Compahkh— Continued.
FoHsil Hpt<ci«ii, KxistiDK BpwIl'N.
y
t
t
Nitnie of RpecieH. Whernfmnitl.
I fori /.on. |« §
N'lmiw of MpecieH. VVlii'r« living.
J.... I.
.|....i.
i
10
11 12
13
14 15
16
17
l» lit •-'1
28
.: "^ r. iiiHtigiitor l'"iilpr . (Icriiiiiny 2i(
I no
.. ! i;ii
t)()2 TKItTIAlfV INSK(rrs OK NDRTll AMUUIDA.
Systematic l.inr oi- tiik Mikcikh OKHi'iiiiiKD in tiik I'iikhknt Wohk, kto.— Cnutlniied. SyHtcinatto liNt of ii|)<>cti>ii.
OroiipH, gnnvrii, niid Npeclnri.
I'»K«>.
I'lat<< Hiiil
tlftni'i',
016 615
10: tM
LooalltluH where foiinil.
i
a 1 6 is
1=^
I*
! ACULKATA.
MviiMiriii.K.
I A|iliii'nii{{HNti't' luiiKii'Vit
'■! .M yiiiii"ii Kji
KoiiMlClD.t;. I
:i ll,v|i(i('line» oblitoriila <il*i '.{; 'i^i,'M \...
I Liniiirl(i|iuiii ]>iiiK<ii' til* r>: lo|...
•I Ki)riiii<ii iiri'iiiiii tilH :<:34i...
(1 I.iiHiii» Icrrt'im til'*
T ('niii|i(iiiiitii8 vi'tiiH T)!'.) r>: 1,*J !,.,.{ ..
i Si'iiKiiii) i:. I
H j DidiiieiH Holiilpocoiiit ti-iti tU::tt)i.... x
X i X
It): «« ;...^ X
i
y.
. X
Oeotogioiil liorlzon.
Oli({()c«iie . . . . OUgovene....
Olinocciui... Oli({o<'«n»f .
Oligucene.. .
IT
f
TABFiKS— UYMKNOl'TERA. 668
DlNTKIllUrlON OK TIIK Hi'K.OIKII WITH WHICH TllKV AIIK COMHAIIKO— ColltlllUeil.
|
Komll «|)uolm. |
KxiHtiDK iip«ciea. |
||||||
|
'1 1 |
Nnniii of HpeoipH. |
• Wlierti found. BulUoitinber. |
Mortxon. |
•s| |
Nainii of H|ieoieH, |
Where liviiiK. |
|
|
A. berendti Mayr |
1 |
||||||
|
2 |
|||||||
|
3 |
|||||||
|
4 |
|||||||
|
5 |
|||||||
|
6 |
|||||||
|
7 |
|||||||
|
! |
D. liinicornia Fabr. |
Enropn |
8 |
||||
|
|
i
^.^SK^i
J^ L A T E S .
V -.I
|
J |
8 |
|
1 |
■ ,. |
|
m |
|
|
BI |
|
|
■ ' |
■ -' |
|
Wlk |
w |
•3
a^.
TP
}
PLATE I
i
rr
EXPLANATION OK I'J.ATK I.
All tbe ilri'.aiiins were iimile by J. Henry Hluke.
Fig. 1. (?) Cycliriis whratleyi Horn. 'i. (f ) Cyclinis minor Horn. :t. (f) I'tfroNtit'.luiH lii'vii;;>tUM Horn. 4. (f) I'terosticlinH lii'vif;ntnH Horn. .'>. (f) Pterosticlinsf m|>. •'• Ci) CyniindiH nsirora Horn. 7. (f) Clilifiiius imnctnlatiiH Horn. (f) Dieii'liis iilntmi'us Horn. (f) I)ic:i-luH ulntiictMi.t Horn. {}) Diet! Inn rtliitaoonH Horn. (Ii ) A;>lio<liim prevnrNor Horn; a, iip|H'r «iirfi»eo; h, nwf ofn; c, nndcr Nnrfm'i'. (f) I'lnin:rni4 antiiinnx Hinii. ( t) I'liiin.i'ns itntii|nnx Horn. ({) I'lmniiMiH iintiiinnH Horn. (*) Kicii'Iiis up. (f)\Vitli A|ilio(linH procnrsor Horn.
Soo iiniliT that spocieH, p. ir^H. (',") Willi AplioilioH pri'cnrHor Horn.
Soi' nniUr that Hpocics, p. -tHH. (7) Clio'riiliMni lOicninnin Horn. (") ('lioTiilinni oheninnin Horn. (f 1 Clio'riilinin I'lioninnni Horn. {') (^lioTidinin I'bi'ninnni Horn. (") ('liirriiliinn (■lioninnni Horn, (t ) Hyli.»tf.s ? H(|na!iili'nN. Ttii' Iclli-rs rnpn'Nt!nt the work of <li«tiiic't imli- vidnaJN. (j) z^'i'A d. Hylikslesf H(|tialiilfnN. ( T) = 'j:i a. Hvla.sK'sf K(|iii.li<l('iiM (H.');{,"i) ('|-') A f;a);inenl of vojictahlc
(issnc, put <ui the phite )iy iniHtaki'. (I4ii;i')) Ci) \ fra)!;ni«iit of vi'){titahli« tiiwnu, put on tin- plate liy iniHtake. 668
!t.
to.
II.
i:{.
14.
l.'i.
IH. 1».
•il. •y-i.
'i4.
a<i.
27.
{ ait. {14.'):W) Co l'tero8tichn§ fractUB.
j MO. ai.".:f.') CO ricro8ttchn«fractnH.
I :il. |1M7.")) (Ji I'latynnsharttii.
! M. (U.'fcV.f) (',") Lori<^craf Intosa.
:i:i. (Uotilt) (") Oonacia poinpatica.
;14. (14ri8i)(f) Donavia pnmpatica.
:r>. (l4r>l(l)(V') inedin»(,'laelatiig.
;tl>. ( 14.">.V.J) ( V ) OxypornN HtiriaenH.
:)7. (14ri(>:!) ( t ) I'latynnMdiNHlputiiN.
;iH. (H'l.Vi; ( 'i") l.athrohinni interRliieiale.
IIS). (Il-'iltih ('0 riero.HtichnN ahroKains.
411. ill.'kMi) 0;'') Meinhldinni Kl<>ci<itnni.
4!. (Il.vr>) (;) I'hityunH halli.
■li. (II.Vj;i) ("i IMiiiynim ciiNns.
4:1. 1 144-<*>) (0 I'hityniiH de.snetiiN.
44. (14."i*>) (^•) I'teroHtiehnsdcstitntUB.
I.'i. (I4.'>IIU| (f) Itenihidinin fra);mentnin.
1(1. (14.">4'.M (") l'tero,stichn.s deslructHH.
17. (It.VU) Oi") Hydroi'hiiM aiiiiclii8.
4-'. ( iLVCi) ( " ) I'atrohnH k<'I'*1"'*'
4it. ( M.Vli*) ('") I'leroHtiehnN dorniitan.s.
."lO. (',") liorieera >;laoialiH.
.')!. iU^'"*) ('■ 1 riatynns drHnetnN.
.Vi. (\) rtiro.stichns nelidn».
.">!!. ( M.VI.'i) ( ','■) Helopliorns ri^rewenH.
.".I. (14.'.;!:t) (V) I'lalynn.s hindei.
.'),">. vll"»i:t) I 'i") I'terostielnii* dorniitanH.
.■>(). (14.VJ7) (',") KlaphrnH irre);ulariN.
.'>7. ( l()41)i) ( 'I'O liinicera KlaeialiH.
i">H. (14477) (V) I'latynnx deHuetnH.
">',». (") I'ti'rostiehnH ({vlidiiN.
tiO. (ItUl'') (|) PterostichnH gelnlnN.
til. ( 'i* ) rturoNtiehnH yrelidnH.
4
(ft 4
CJ S GEOLOGICAl. SURVEY 0['' THE lERKlTOH lES
I'EHTIAKY rN.SK(.;r.S OF NflKril AmPIF^ICA
PL 1
QuAitTKUNARv Bonk Cavkk ano Cl^ay Beus
"-*=»
i
'i*a
V
PLATE II.
EXPLANATION OK IM.ATE II.
All the (IrawiDKR were made by J. Hmry lilake, excepting Fig. r>, which Ib liy 8. H. Hciidder.
Fig. 1. !2. U. 4. 5.
10. 11.
('40frD) (f ) Araaen (•(iliiinliiii-.
(40aD) (Y) Araiivit cnliiiiihiii-.
('MD; (?) Head '>f a libclliiliue odonnti*.
i'MaX)) (f > 8lHMiii|iliiM qiieNiieli.
(34aD) it) SliciiaphiH i|iiei4ni-li. Part uf the neiiration, the veiiiH of (lie two over- lapping wiiigH iliHliiigiilMhiMl by lipjiig drawn, one wiih Holid, the other with broken lines).
(19D) (<) (jlerancon pelronun.
(146Crt) (f ) nothroDiicroninM laohlani.
(36D) Cl) HothroniliTcnniiN Inchlani.
(36D)(',"> MothroinivronuiH lurhlani. Kye and head appendageN.
(StiDX'i") Knthromicrnniuttlachlani. Max- illary palpnH.
(l.'tOriB) (7) TelmalrechiiN Niali.
(7:il)) (f ) TelmatrechnN Hl&li.
(75D) (?) Cu-lidia coIuinbiaDa. 670
Fig. 14. (tiuD) (f) Cereopig Melwyni,
15. (I.'>U72) ()) Cereopig solwyui.
10. (77D) (]) Planophlebia gigautea.
17. (14(i»(!t) (V)Tele<mcliiHtiiNautiqnnH.
18. (I4ririi)) (t) TeleoNchixtni) antiqnns. I'.l. (IWD) (t) TeleoHcliiMtnH autiqunn. •H). (.»I>) (t) Nebria pale elaH.
ai. (.">7D) C)^) Cercyoii? terrigena.
*J. ((ill)) (^) Trox oiiHtaleli.
•rX (."ill)) Ci) Bnpre8ti» t«rtiaria.
'.24. (4UD) (V) Kiiprestiiisaxigena.
'ifi. (15073) (V) Bnprestis saxigena.
•H\. (o:<D) (V) Diiprestig aepulta.
'ZT. (59D) (Y) Cryptoliypnusf terreittriH.
•is. (60D) (?) Klateridier sp. See p. 4!»8.
'AK (v!4D) (?) I'ronietopiadepiliH.
:W). (li)075) (',*) Cryptohypunsf terrestris.
111. {&in) (f ) Oalerncella picea.
3-i. ((i:lD) (f) Tenebrio priniigeuinH.
U S CEOLOCirAJ. SURVEY OF 'I'HL'', TERRITORIES.
'Ikki'IAky lN.si';<;'ivs ok Nnrnii Amkrica
'I. 2
'Vl Rill. 1.1,1 \ F.« l.ith
Tl'.T-l'riARIK.S OK QtJESNEl-^, NlCOl.A AN n .SlMIIjKAMlin-.N.
lli-.Mii''i'i'.i(.\ . ( 1)1 .|.;(>PTi.it.s i;i'i
ci-
PLATE III
ni
EXI'LAJHATION «F PLATE III.
All the (IrawiiiKH wer« iiiimIo by J. Hunry Ulaku, excepting k''i|{, 6, which I'l by 8. II. Soudder.
Ki^. 1- (ID) (V) lleteriHiiyzaHHiiiliH. "i. (tl>)(f) HfttToinyza HetiiliH. ;». («!)) ( V) 8tii>ui.v/.ii ruvoluta.
4. (14071) (!) Hcloiiiyzu rfvulnlu.
5. ('iil*) (f ) Soioiiiyzu n-vulatit.
6. d) 8('iuiiiy/.a ruvulutit. Ru)tt<>rt>il.
7. (:<!)) (t) liriii'liyiw/itttbita.
8. (14(>5ri) ()} Uruvliypozii abila.
9. (iti)) 0) UoletiiiuHe|iiilta.
10. (.''lU) (f ) Lithortulis |iivtu.
11. (U<>.M) (I) l)olit!ho|iii<i H|t. I'i. (t>D) (t) Triiihoiita <law<H)iii. la. (14C4!«) (f)'rriohoiittt diiwMotii.
14. (4D)(f ) lirauhyp»zu|iroi;er» ; ii,(V)hind
tibia.
15. ('iOD) (i) I'.illi>|it«rii iiKirliviiiik.
16. (,5D) (V) I.<ithurtalii< pivtii.
17. (4»L») (',") 8'iiara dopiirdita.
18. (17I>) (f ) Liunehiua w^nttHceim.
li). (XiD) (^°) Antlioiuyia inaiiiiuata. 67a
Kijf.'iO.
•ii.
'.>5. »i. !i7. 'M.
at. :u).
34.
(1500U) (y I i^lfi'iii ainiilkamonna.
(KiUfii) (f) I'loviaNimilkaiiieeiia.
(8121)) (}) riuvia Hiiuilkamtwiia. (C'upi>' 1 by /.ittel, Ilaiidb. il paliKtiiit., V\g. 1()8«).) (I, (V) aiiteiiiiiK ; l>, (■,") tiliia and tarxi of bind \ng,
(311)) (f) I'iiupla Haxon.
(lUD) (-) Kuriiiica arcaiui.
(HD) (?) Ilypiicliiiia iiblilerata.
(146.'>3) ()) llyporliiiiatibliterata.
(DD) (f ) Piiiipla diiceiiiia.
(3:iD) (f) Apb»<iio)(aHt«i' loiiKiBva.
(lOM)) (V) Piiiipla HxiixcMi.
(HtKiO) (f ) ririipla Nuiieota.
(IUD)(f) Piiiipla Henecta.
(7D) (!; CalyptileH aiile<liliivianiiiii, (Copied by Zitlel, I. v., t'ig. lUW. )
(7hD)(?) Hracoii sp.
('Jul)) (V) Authoniyia biirgeiuii.
-^TffWg:
i
u s. OFni.nnicAi, r.uHvi'iv of-' rub, 'ikhkitorif.s
Pi, 3
'IKHTIARII-. H Ol- QlJK.SNt;!^. NlCOl.A ANU W IMI I iK AM in; N I )i I'T i:ii A II \-.\ii'.Noi "I!; 1 1.\
EXPLANATION OF PTjATF IV.
All the drawings were made l>y J. Henry RUke.
Fig. 1. (14001) (}) TeliiiatrpcliiiH iittrallcliin. !i. {14(iO()) (^) Plociiviwiilei. :!. (14.VJ4)(?) riocia piiil.'i.
4. ({) Indusia calciiIiiHa. (Copird by /iltt-1,
Haiidli. d. palii'oiit., Fi(;. '.(Sij.)
5. (V) Corydalites ftK'niidiiiii. Snininit of
egg from nbovo. (i. (V) CorydalitfH feciiiidiiiii. Siiiniiiit uf t'gg from H<do.
7. (',•) Corydalilf.s reciiiidnm. Un.se iil" egg
iiicloM-d ill itMuell.
8. (tifc) (?) Cii'lidia wyomiiigeuHiH. It. (St. 16) Ci") Scidmvztt iiiaiicaf.
10. (14613) (?) PU'cia peiilfi.
11. (14.'')9fi) (?) Plecia pealei. Vi. (4(1) (?) ri.Tiii in-iilci.
in. (i) Coiyiliilit<stVciiii(liiiii. Tlii<riglil Imml
l>orlii>ii ol'Fi^. 14 ciilargt'il. 14. ({) Corydaliti'M fecmidiini. Side \ ii-w iif one-half of egg-niatw, broken longitudi- nally in the middle. 674
Fig. 15. Corydalites fecnnduiu. Schematic lignre, eroHH-Heetioii. 10. ({) CoryiliiliteH focnndiini, Siile view of egg-miiN«. (Copied by Zittel, 1. e.. Fig. '.ma.
17. (V) Coiydalis eornntnN (recent). Side view of egg.
18. (-"^P) Corydalites feeiiiiduin. Cniteriform
inicropylio pniinineiiee of snininif of egg. It>. (I) CorydiililcM feenndniii. .*<awii er(»H-
Hectiun of < ^g-iniiHH. ■-'0. (I) CorydaliteN feeundniii. Koek frng-
menl, Kbowing two egg niUHxeH embedded
in it, witli fresh-water gastropods beside
tlieni. 'i\. (',■) Corydalites fei-nndiiiii. Side view of
egg. (Copied liy Zitlil, I. c., Fig. iWlfc.) 'J*J. (V) I'orydaliiH corniitiis (reeeiil). Side
view of Hiimmit of egg. 2;{. ({) Corydalites fecnndum. Uroken eross-
soction of egg-mass.
' ! 1'
s. cF.ni.ncHCAi. :sijrv1':y (ik 'che •rp;pKiTnF%i?"'-.s
I'ehtiainY ItKShc'i'n OF NrniTii Ammhica
Fi. -4.
X
f
V
./'
^^/fi!9r^r*^
V
^.•*a^-^<»- .
■■;.v i2^- g^^; -^^^
\^'
^'Tiw,;,;..,,
iii ^
^^^s^l^f^
^
A
Mi.sL- i:i.i. A.Niu)i! w
PLATE V
I
KXFLAXATION OF I'LATE V.
Finn. 1, -i, .", 10, II, II, 1,-1, 25--.'-, •£*-.», :17-;KI, «-."il, r.4, 55, M-{\\, <«-)-7a, 74-70, 7S)-«)7, 90-lfc!, 95, 9H-105, U0-l'.'4 wrni ilrinvn by .1. Henry lilake; l-'igH. :i, 4, O-'.t, 12, Kt, l(i, 17, 'M-'i4, Wi-Xt, 40, 41, 5a, 53, K>, *f, H".>, IMi, '.t*. loo, lOitrt l.y A. AHUiimiiu; KigH. ao, 'J\, 711, 77, lOC-lOH, 125 by J. H. Kmertou; FigH. 18, lit, .'Hi. .■>7. »iJ-»'.4 by 1'. Kcwiter, iiml FigH. 28, :«), 7rt, '.13, U4 by S. H. Sentlilcr. Thu original driiw- iiigHof FigH. ij, 13, 23, .''>7, >>i were alBo altered by S. II. 8i'n<](lHr, aiid FigH, 104 iintl 115 wvru aflcr IiIh eaiiiurii liivida sketclirH.
¥\g 1. (ISO.M) I V) ('niiiiiiiiiiiiiiH vi'tiin.
'J. ll.^O.'tl) ({) ('uilipullUtUH Vl'tllH.
\t. (I'>0.'t7) (g) Sth-kt*iila iii-i-UHta.
4. (15ti.')7t (f) SackeiiiH aroiiata.
5. i'iWiM'f) Acruovra liii-KiitA. (I. (In) ip U.iiiriattt clculiiui. 7. ila) \\) (iiiuriHtoilentimi. B. ;lti(i) ('> <'iili«x pi-uttvitui*. 9. (IC^I (t> Vn\vx proavitiiii.
10. (:.'i(iM) (tl Liomi-t<>|iuiu pinKUA.
11. (HIM Howl nf a liytiioniiptpruiia insert.
12. ('.') ()) Sacki'iiia arciiaia.
13. ii) ii) Savkuniaanualu. (Coplwl by Zitt«l, Uauilb.
li. palii'iiDt., Fill. KiiW.)
14. (7K(il It) li'liiieuniiiii petriiius. Ifi. i7Hat (j) lohneiiiiiun |>oti'iiiiiA. Itt. (46) ($1 DicrAiiumyia Hiitriiiuim. 17. (4bM0 UifTHUtimyia Hli^iiioHa. IH. iH} (j) <.'liirouoiu'iiH pa(cim.
19. <5() <<j) (;li)r»iioiiiuii pnteuH.
?0. (67a) (f) l>icrHiitiiii,viu priinitiva.
21. (.'i7a) (I) DirranuiiiyiH priiuitivu.
2'.>. (7ii) (|l Ciiivlhru e'liln.
2:i. (7ai (tl (Joivthru oiitii.
'H. (7lcl (tl <Jliir<illiini>diu np.
'J.i. (6i*^i ()l Dirruiioiiiyia atiKiiiiiHa.
20. ifl.'b) (jl Dicranuiiiyia HtiKiiiOHa.
27. ()f>l (fl DitTillliiiiiyla HiiuliiOHa.
28. (.%4I (VI ('liiriiiiomtiH pati'UH. 211. (70M (J) LitHiiiptfru rftM'MHii.
30. (70^) it|i Laoiiiptvra rtH'ttNaa.
31. <7U6m',^) LaHinjiUTa reoMrtNa.
32. (7ldi d' (.'hirouonililii! np.
33. (7lifl (jl (°hir<>iiiiiuiila< »p.
34. (1.'4I59I (;i LitboiiivtHComlita. (Copied bv Zittel. I.e.,
Kiu. l(m». I
3.t. (l.MI.'iOi (|| Litliiiniyr.a ciiiiilita.
30. (150.^9Mil I'llboiiiyZri ooihI ta.
37. (77(iM/t Spilailoinyia Hiinplox.
38. (77(nl}l Spiladoniyia Hiiiipkx. 3». iLlufili 1)1 I'l-uijiipi'ili'liia rediviva. 4U. (K. (p Dii-raiHilnylu roHtrata.
41. (K) (jl Dicrauuinyia ruHtrala.
42. (.'*3l(|) Uiorauofiiy ia HtiKniotia.
43. (5:im}i I>i''raiioii(yia Htiuiitoaa.
44. (.'iHf.'l (tl Mycetotihila ocrultat*. 4.1. (.'>8<!M|I Mvoftophila iHTilltata.
46. lOUM (|| 'I'ipiilalnrta.
47. IIMi) I {I Tijiula l..rla.
48. i46'<Mfl KriHli!.inlapi<liiii». 4!). (4lif>i (jl Kri^taliH lapidtMin. 041. (3.'(rl I VI Sarkoiliaf Hp.
.M. (33rMVl raroitNiHMlH atHilllH'llls.
.12. (l.KIStMll Hyilropiivrhi' iipiTta.
.13. il.KHI4i(ji llvilropHvcl pi.ita.
51. II.KHiaMJl Mvi'i'liiptiiluiKinltala.
6.1. (liO<UiM|i Mvn.tiiphllaiici'iiltata.
M. I7(lal 1)1 Tipiila ib'oreplta.
.17. (7(lal (jl Tipiila ilncrvplta.
SH. (4.11 ()l Ti>ttiKoiiiaiiliii.i I.I.
.1(1. (411 I jl 'IVItiuouiaubli.cla.
6(). (67c'i(fi ( A Hmall Hpocjea II .MmhchIw.)
61. (.ITr't ij( ( A ninall lt[wri«H of MuavillO}.!
6J. (I.'hii i'i} OhiriiniiiiiuH (Ifipli'tiiB.
63. i3U> ({> Dicrauomyia roHtrau.
676
Klg. 64. 66.
»A.
07.
68.
tl9.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
7S.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
M.
83
H4.
H.I.
86.
87.
HH.
8U.
9(1.
91.
92.
93.
94.
9.).
96.
97.
9H.
99. 10^1. 1(11. IU2. 1113 1(14. td.l. IIIO. 1117. I (114.
urn.
1U9(I IIU. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115.
U7 IIH. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 12S.
(30| (Jl UUTaiioiiiyiarimtratu. (Onl (il Dkraiioiiiylii priiiiltiva. (66) (^1 Dici-aiioliiyla prliiiitiva. (6//I (it DIcrauuiuyfa priiiiitlra. (416) (f) Dicrauomyiu atitjmuaa. (416; (I) DlcrauDiuyiu HtlKiiiosa. (33) (}) Ptti'.byiiitiitiH petmnaia. (33) ()) I'acliyiiii'i'iiH pvtrL'Usla. (.10) (jl Miiaua byilriipicn. (716) (t) Miiara bilMiwL (69) (|l MiiiH'aaacariiltMl (636) (if) MiiHcanaeariiloa! (16(163) (<,i) Untfuiiiyzu tloU'Cta. (18) (|) Munoa TiDciila(a.
(1.1062) cf) Cyttaroiiiyia feneatrata. (176) (|' Miiaca aacaridus.
(7l*6| (?,' Muaraap. (7861 (' MilHCaap. (62c) (f, Miiara aacaridtiH. (62c) (j) MilHCa aHcai'Idva. (.12c) (.}) MiiHi'ttOHfandea. ( 16(I53|' ( 1 1 M iiHca aacaridea. (17ci (}) Si iiai-.a UHirurldt'H. (0361 (|) M iiaca aararldm. (211) (!) I.ilhailulhi'lpa vi'tiiata.
(29) (j) Mtbadnlliripa vptiiata. (466) ({) Mi-laiiiitliripHoxtiucta. (416) (j) Mi-laiiiithi'ipH «xtiiii:ta. (1.10.16) (|) Mii4ru bydnipica.
(1.1063) CO Miinra hyilropira.
(446) (V) llytliosri>|iiia lupidvacena.
(4i) (i) Delpbax acnilia.
(22) (fl Aphana atava,
(221 (j) Apliaiiaatava.
(.136) (t) MiiHca iLHcaridoa.
(53c) ({I Miiiiva«|i.
(.i:icl (jl MiiHia np.
(1961 ((I Must'a UM«'aridoa.
(421 (}l l.illiadiitlilipa vi'tuata.
1421 l|) I.ltbailutbrlpa vutiiata.
(V'l PalU'othrips limsiliH.
(VI l^alwoibi-ipa toHMilia.
(44a| ()) Mllai'il ap.
(2U) (|) MiiHca bydriipica.
(7:iai (J) Miiai'af ap.
(101(^1 Kutiniim pi-tinoidiulia. iCiipird by ZiUcl,
I.e.. Ki'!. Ii>n.) (I(i| (|l KulliiiUH piimurdialiv, (15002) (j) OxviznuUM lilMlllllla. (1.1062) (VI UiyKiiiiiH niorliiiiK. (48) (jl LuiHtotropliiiH pairlarcbii-iirt.
(30) (^) KpipliuniH delotuH. (36) lii KpiphauiK di'lntua.
(VI I'ala'otbripK foaitilia. (Copied by Zitlcl. 1. 1- ,
Kilt. B99. 1 |07) (f) Lari'iiphiliiaap. |H7) (jl Laci'iipbihia ap. (0.101 (Jl Oxyti'liia priatiiiiiH. (63a) (() Oxylclim iirlnliiiiia. (6:iul (VI Oiyli'liiH printlniia. (341 (fl Hifiiibiilituii oxuli'tiinj. (341 iji Itcnibidiuni rxolntiiiu. (776) ;ti (iyropbiuua HAxicolik. (776| i;i (tvriipbwuaaaiicuiit. (46a) ({) Urucbua anilia.
u s C;f'^,(jLni;icAL :31Ji<vL'";y of the •ri-;i-;H.i'roHit;;3
'rEKTiArvi- [nkkc'I's 'a- ^JclK'm Amkrica
Pi. £
VVni'TK Hivi;i< Hkds, \Vi;f-!'i'i"HN C.'oiiOU a; , o.
. 1
i !
t '
PLATE VI
1 t
; n
-Mi
|
i; |
|
' 1 r |
|
1 ? ; ■ ! |
|
li ^ |
KXI'l.VSViroN OK IM-.VTK VI.
All tint iliawiii^s went iiiiiilr i.y .1. Ilriiry lllnko.
Fit;. 1. (MTPI (^) Dvsanrioii imikaniii ; liody oiil.v. '■!. (IlKl) (i) nyHiiKiio" fii'iliTicii ; liciiil iiiid
hnsi' 1)1' will);. II. (Ut'il'X M Mys.iuriiiii pmUiirclii : t'.iio wiiin- (Copiril liy Zi.trl, lliiliilli. il. |ml:ii)iil.' KiK. ItT'.t. 1 ■I. (II/.'i) (i) I,il)clliilii H|i. : ri'vi'iNc of V\)i.
Ifi; purl (if .'tliiloiiuri, .'. (tl*-'') (i| DyniiHiion IrciliTiiii : pint cil'
iilxlonii'ii. li. (11*0) (j) Dysanrioii I'li'iliiicii ; tii'iniiiiil
jointN ol' aliiloiiii'ii. 7. (Illi'.li ill I'lKla^^iiiMi alioi'liviiin : lip nl
(oif wiiiK iioxl plcnisliyiiia. ^. (41lV,ll I!) I'ddayiiiiii alicul i viim ; Inn'
wiiij;. ;'. ( ll()T-ll(W| ( I) l»ysa;;rinii lii'iliricii : I'dh'
wiiin. to. (417'.M () ) l)y»a«iiiiii IriMlciicii ; l;cail. II. ( I ITl' 1 ( 1 H>y«aKiiiiii parkaiilii; alulKiiii-
iial appcnila^irH. I'J. CJ.V-'I'') Ti ) Isiiilrs liTtialills. lit. (-tlH^l ifl rriiiii'iiliiliiiiH tiTliariiis ; lUri'
wiiiK. 1 1. (■l|(M-4l<!<i1 ( i ) Dysatfriiiii I'rrilrnc'ii ?; rnro
l.'i. I l.')lli I (V ) InliiN li'JIiiHti r.
I'itf. Ml. (JlTti) ( f ) MliclliiluHp. ; reversn of Flf{. 4 J
|iart iiCaliiloiiK'ii. 17. (417:1) ( i ) l>yHiij;ri(iii t'rnlt'ricii; nlxlnnien ;
iii'i'i{|i'ni»||y platM'il o[i tlio plnt<< iipHidii
down. I''. (II'.2I') (Vi I'miK'nioldiiH iiidiirntiiii; part
of will;;. I'.'. (;WH) ( i ) ''ixi'i^ liOMpcfidr n. '.'II. ( 1 141.) ( I ) V'lvninnlU'H NlijriiiutiiMini. '■il. () ) I'miii'iiioldiis tiTtiariim. ,
'■i'i. (V) I'ri)ii)'iiiiildiiH Hiiiitliii. 'i:l. (IHKi (') rMiiiiMiinliliiHtcrliariiit; liiiidl«i;. ■J4. (4I»7(1) (I) l.yntra rirlmrdHoiii. v'.'i. , |:I7I*) I ; ) raialaliiidia MtiiNNiirri. •-'i;. ( IMI't ( p Cicadiilu saxo.sa. •-'7. (li.'ilO <.'{) Apliaiia riitiindipt-iiidN. -''. C.llll.) ('i ) l.illiopsiH (diiiinata; fnr(> wiu|{. •-".I. (IIMIK) (0 AcdirplialiiH ad»'. :lii. (4'J17) ( jM I.yslrii iirliHi(i..(>ni. ill: (4-.'07-4-JOH) I ■■) l.yHira riclinrdsoni. ;(■-'. (ll.'HM (') Ci'icopJtt'M calllHcons. :i:t. ( llill'l (I ) riia'iiiiiit<'tti\ Kaiinrtti. :U. (I171')(',> llainmaptcryx rt'ticiilatii; partH
of twii liirc wiiiKN. :r>. (l'.M{)(i) Kiil(;ora (iraiiiilima. :iii. ( I t-IM Ci I latliiiphiH linilii'lala : fori' wiii){ 117. (4lfi'i) 1. 1 ) I'itliopHiH liiiiliriata. (('opiiMl liy
Ziltid, 1. c, tin. 'MX)
rpvHrso of Fijf, 4 ;
lorioii; aliilnnien; I tliii plnt(< ii|mii|«
iiiiliirntiiN; piirt
Irii. KMiatiriirii.
IN.
liiirMM;liiii(llflg.
wiii.
iiii.H.siirci.
II.
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111'.
iiiii.
liiirilHoiii.
iHcoim.
iiiiiipttj.
!ti(!iilntit; partH
4a.
ata: fi)ri' wiiijj.
ita. (Copicl Uy
u s, Gh;()[.ri(HCAL, :iUfwp',Y nv thk tf.rhitohiks
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KXI'l.AN ATION ity I'l.ATK VII.
All tlio ilrii\vlii|{H wi'M' iiimli' liv .1. Ili-iii.v llliikr, i-\n'|il Ki);. V4, wlili'li U by Pitiil Kouttor.
ri)(. I. I ll'.)l{) ( f ) L.VHtrii I'li'litti'ilHcinl.
•J. c I ''•"') (M l..v»ti:i Iffi.
:i. ( I'Jlv!) ( i') l.yHli'ji rli'liiti'ilKiiiil,
1. (Illl.) Ci' ) 'r<'t(lKi>iiiii pi'iNCdiiiiiruiiiiitii.
.'■■ (I'.I)I') (;)'riiitiiini>li'tli\ uuiiiiKltl.
il. (*:il,) ( I )TliiiiiiiiM|i'tti\ iniililitlii.
T. (II.) I,') l'alir|ilin|,'l |iltti riirlll.
H, (liiTT) (H NciVK'iiMiH iciliiiidaliiM.
l». (III"!') (i) CiM-nipilrn iiiillMiilills.
Id. (KIM') ( I ) .V jijiir (if (iM'r!ii|i|iiii;j winns,
ll|l|>al'Pllllv tllr lc'),'lllilllt <>rNilllli' llcllllii|i- Iri'iiMN iiiNi'i't, liiit wliii'li I am UM vi't nil- iil>l« to placo iiiMir I'Mntlv; il« ri'Hriii- li|i»iici< 111 (HiaiiiH liili'fjHU, ri^. I", i^ iiiaiiHi-Kt.
II. (ilCiM ; I Ciiii/iiH KnItatiiN,
1'.'. (|.V.'l''i ( '") .strnnpi'lta piini'Milala, ami a
piil'lioii tiiiii'i' liiulil.v iiiaKiiilli'il.
i:i. (IT'.'Ki (',') Sli'iiiipi'lla pdiii'liilala,
14. (4I'.KI) 1 'i H 'yrlimii'MiiN <oiiriiinii'<.
V>. 0""') Ti ) CrriMipis aHiiiila.
Id. (Illl'i (V) KiilKiira popiilahi.
17. (:ll(<l{) I ; I Ollarilc.H tt'iri'iiliila.
IH. (II'.M'M' I ••lianiM ; liilcii>is.
III. (:i'.llil(' 1 I'l'iicyiliiiiH mamillaiiiiH. VII. i4l'.f.'i iVi l.yctiKdiis Imi'iiH.
•il. (ll:ir> (-) ('Imliilatntiiinala.
KiK<'.iV. (IML) (O N*<<'>'<><'>'<l»il'* Koniiiti'iiNJN. V!:i. (l:ttlU) (!) niKiiiiliit incapax. 'U. (iniifilO if I Antlii-riipliaK'iH |i r I h r ii h.
(CiipitMl liy /iltol, IIiumII). <I. pitla-ont.,
I'"l){. lO.'il.) '.j.'i. (7'.)|'j(|'l llvclroliliiN I'liiitlxiiN. 'it\. ('.':il{l ( '; 1 lliiii'liylariiiN pi'iNtiiiiiN. •,'7, e^ldlO i;i l.acnililiiH (•liiiiKiiKix; rxvprNx
III' IM'M.
'in. (l:Hii/lt') {') l.ai'i'iilil.is rloii^atiiN.
-.".•. ^liMi:l 4n«l|) (;i Cryplni'i'plmliiN vutnitlim.
:i(l. (4i)I.''i.:I'.I'.I()m;) Myiotn'tiiii liiiintnliiN.
;il. I I'.'U) ( ,' I KpiiiiTtw )>\aiiliiilN.
ICJ. ('i4l<) (';) NiMitliaiii'H Ii'hIimin.
:i:i. (4IIHt) ( f) 'riiipiMtrriiiiM nrnlptillH.
:14. (S;il') (n I'lalyiiiiHca'.tiis.
:iri, ( ll'.in ( ',-') Aiitlii'i'opliaxiiH pi'iNviiH.
;Ui. (rttll') (f ) Ndwiilrmlriiii tritaviiiii.
;I7. ( IIIIMt) (V) <'l'M'l'ii<'plialiiH vntilHtilH.
:W. (;i!H»H) C') I'lalymiM hi'IH'x.
:i'.). (4n,V.)) (i ) Nfiilliaiii'H ti'Hil im.
41). (40*t)) (>,"Hli'rimiiH Ni'XHliintUN.
41. i^'V) (\') I'araii.lrita vi'Htila.
A'i, (il'.Kh I 'I'rriils \H n iiil.stnkii anil Hhoiild nut liavK lii'iMU'iiKravi'il. Il Ih inuilit up <if partM III' twii iiiHGctHiit (litlVreiit liivtijn on the hIhI).
t'i
■■I
miiiteiiNiN,
>itx,
IK'IH liriHciiR.
"111. ll. lUtlll'dllt.,
XIIN. ll'iNtitlllH,
iitfiiliiH; rxvi^rNf
us f.i-:oi,()t;i[:Al, r.ii[-;vi'',v OK Tllh Tf.fvrtABY lNfii';''.'r;( or NtjH'm Ami:hi''a
[•:mhi l'i[nF',.S
" ^;..s.. M-. -^.'^ A '■?*'!> f
-♦'S.^"-.
^^•'i^ li'l
/A -^
'■'''^r*^y. s
V..'
W.
n\%i
W
I ui
>■ :, ■S12 ■I;*., ■«*.''
tili'V^'"
'■■J', i" \ ',:':.'if'. . '.
Green Rivkr Bkok. Wvcjmino Tf.hh.
Hi Mii'TiMiA I 1 )i .|.:iii"ri if.\
t ^ i
4
I
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■'iL_
'mmmv
PLATE VIII
tl
Si
KXHIiANATHIN <»'•' I'L.VTK VIII.
All tlio i1rawin);N won* inmli> 1>y J. llonry Hlake, cxcuptiii); V\>^n.
Hocttcr.
-., ;iii, 111, :!:t, :t4, which are by P.
ill!
y
Fit;. 1. (40:!8) (',") Anciliimii oviili'.
'.'. (4(lv!;!,4(Wi I'l) 'rr<i|>istt'rmi» saxinlis. :i. ( IW'J;!) ( ',■ ) (■lyptiiiliviulms iiiiiiosus. 4. (403.">) ^JJ Cratopaiis rcprrtiis. r>. (IM'.f.t) (?) rii;ihyilnmiiriiii:ivii8. ti. (lillH) Ci") DiyiiiMti's carbouarius. 7. (1104) (]) EpicaTiis ctlnsNiis. f. (40()'i') (',') HiTDsiis liMiiiis. '.I. (KICK) (',■•) Chiirajjiis lictilis.
10. (40f^l) if) HltMliiis adaiiiiis.
11. ('|-') llyilrdcliiiH irlictiis.
18. (4040) (") Kiiijn.iMiptiis ilcci'iiisatiiH. i;i. (4m)4) ( ") Oliiirliy minis luiiilia'.
14. (") Hdiiialola rccisa.
15. (I."i204) (}) I.atlirdbimn ahsci'ssiiiii. Ifi. (481.) (•"i") AiilhiiiHiiiiiis siiponis. 17. (V) HoriiiiwiiH partitiis.
18 (40-*t!) ( ',") .\iMil.iniii (li'ccptiiiii.
19. (V) -Knialia nipla.
■JO. (I.'ij:!|i n ) Kii^jiianiiitiiN niamla'ViiH.
'il. ('"1P)(') I.alliiiiliiMiii aliHci'sMiiii.
28. (V) TaiiytinMiis hoculoiiiiM. Tlic nistrmii iH
lacking, not haviiif; ln'cii i'\po8<'<l when
the plat«< wiiH iiiaile.
l'"ij{. 8:t. C!) KiNtroiKitim iniiratiiH.
24. (4(K-"2) (f ) Anobiiiiii ligiiitiiiii. 2">. (IMlli) (ij) OtioiliyiifliiiH ponlitiis. 2ti. (4(147) (V) Gyniiiotroii lecoiitei. ■JT. (41)1(7) (1) Hydrobiiis <U!ciinT»tiiH. 2H. (l.'iai.'*) (',") I)iy<tra'!is inipioHNim. 2!l. ^'•'*'^) (i) ('"luliago};!!)! Ifrro.HiiM. :tO. ( l.'>2:t!t) ( I ) Epicarii.s fxaiiiiiiiH. ;il. (liVJIUI) (f ) KpicaTiis I'xaiilmiH. :t2. (1">2(I0) (I) .Siaphylinlt.s obHolctmu. ;t:t. (1,'>2()7) (I) KpiciiTiis naxalilis. :!4. (I.'i207)()) KpicaTii.s Ka\■alili^4. It.'i. (\) KpirariiH rtTdSNiLs. ;tii. (ir)2i).-i) (") KiiicMTiiH naxatilis. :!7. (4il.">l) (" ) IlyldbiiiH prdViH'tiis. ;!t<. (.41114) (',') KpliaTiiH t'XaiiiiiilM. :!!•. (421(1) Cfl Opliiyaslcs Cdiii|in«'tiiH. 4(1. (4(112) (^) Cratopariwf climiiH.
41. (I.')21."i) ( f) llylobin.s proveeliiH,
42. (iW.tl) ;?) KpiiaruH I'xaniiuis.
l>y P.
I
( i i< K K N 1 ^ 1 V I . H H 1 : n s \V v 1 1 m i n < ' ' T' " m h
; U
1
EXPLANATION <»F IM-VTK IX.
All tbe ilruwinKH wt<ri< niudc liy J. HtMiry Mlakx, exceptiu); Fix '<21, wlii»li is by Kilwanl BurgeM.
Fig. 1. (15192) (O >'^cinniy/n iiiiinca. '.>. (151H6) (V) Seioniy/.a inanca.
3. (irilH") ( V' ) Scioiii\ /,ii iiiiiiK-a.
4. (4l'i;'))(J) Scioiiiy^.a iiiitiica. r>. (15193) (i) Sfioiiiyzii iiiiinca 0. (1518(i) (V) Scioiiiyzii iiiaiivu.
7. Ci") Scioriiyza (linjrrtii.
8. (4113)(';)CliiI«i.siii8i).
'A (59L) (?) I'Milota tiibiilosii.
10. (4143) (',) StoiiiiciiicliN aiinniiila.
11. (7IL) Ci") Calloiiiyiii torporata. I'i. (titiL) (',•') Anaclinia f h|).
l:l. (I4ti<.)|) (f) MiU'Hiik qiiaiiritta.
14. (15184) (}) Cliilo!4iauiii|ila(f).
15. (15191) Ci ) .Scioiuyza iiiuiuMt. Ui. (L'lllMi) (O .Sviouiyzu iiiaiica. 17. (V) Asarfoiiiyia ciMlaviT.
684
Fig. 18. (15188) (?) Svioiny/.a iimiicu.
19. (14(>96) (i') Poluiiiiyia rtH'ta.
■-'0. (41'.Jl) (V) .Scioiiiy/.a iiiHiicn.
•■i\. (I4ti9»i) (?) r»li«iinyia recta.
iW. ('21,) ( ; ) ScioLiiyza «li»j»'eta.
'i',\. (15195) (f) Scioiuyza iiiaiica.
'24. (I5H9) (V) Seioniyza iiiuni'a.
;».'■■. (4149) ( '|- ) Si'iniiiyza (linjecla.
•■H'. 1?) Cliilii.siii » Hp.
'i7. (411-2) (V) ChiloHiii aiiipla.
iW. (15194) (\') .Scioiuyza iiianea.
•J9. (f ) .ScioMiyza iiianca.
:t(). (l,V.';t7) ( V) Scioiuyza ilisjecta,
31. (<j) I.illii)|iliy.sa tiiiiiiillu.
3'2. (15197) (|) Scioiuyza iliNJBcta.
33. (4131) (J,- ) .Scioiuyza iliHJecta.
iiil
m
:,!■ 'lAl-':
U S GF.OI.nnirAl. isUHVF.V of thk tfhhitohiks
Pi. m
4IIP" 3 ■*'.<
CiUKKN HiVKH BkHS. \Vvc)MIN< • TkHI-!
I >i r r t It A
!i
I 1
PLATE X
KXIM-ANATION OK IM.ATK X.
All tlii> tlruwiiiKH woni iiiikIo by J. Ilciiry HIiitiK,
l'\
Kij;. J. ('.(I') (!) TipiilaiM'imU'lirl.
'J. (Ill') (f) Kyiiioala HtritiiKiiliitii. :t. (:)7L) d) Iliilftiiiit iiiiilinitlni. 4. (?) Tl|iiilit Hpolliita. r>. (HI', roverHtiil) (J) Scioiiiyzii f nji. <!. (m\,) i'i')8L'lii|iliila liyiittii.
7. (','') Hiili'tliiu |iiilii(livii;;ii.
8. ( lOP) ( ',") C'liiniiiciiiitiH Hi'|itiH. 'J. (ll8I,)(;)Syi|ilii<lirf M|i.
10. (irilH-JX',') l)iaili>ri<li;i tiTrifdIii. U. (I'lt^-'X?) Iiiiidiiciiliii tcrrii'olii. I-.'. (U;U) (V) Myc.'t<)|iliiliilii' Hji. i:<, (I4r)(',") Aiiah'lht liicitii. M. (',") Ciili'x iluiiiiiittdniiii. ir>. (Mi) 1 ; ) Sti'iiorinrlis! H|i. It!. C.'l'i (',") Si'iuru Hioimli.
Viii. 17. (SI') (^) PIfcitt <lcjcclu.
18. (l:in|') (V) llrucoiiiilii' H|i.
19. (IWIM (',■) KliyHsuJiivfiiiH.
'iO. (l.'>178) (■,") Dci'BtoiMik iiiitii|iiuf 'il. (l:ilH)(',") I.itlKiliiniscri-NiHiiii. '■ti. (I.'il77) ( ',') Myrniicii M|i. a:t. ( ll(i!l'.>) ( ,') l.iiHiiis Inri'iiH. -.'I. CUil.) {",) Ki'lytiiH liitatiiN. ■•,'.">. (7<il<) (O (ilyplii IraiiMvcrHalin. 'M. (3'JIi) (i) 'raxiMiiiH iicirliiiii. '.T. (.V.'Ii) (f ) Taxiiiiiiit iiiirloiil. •i^. ( l:l:ir) (V) IlraciMiiilii' Hp. '.".I. I ll'.iii) (V) Iliaroii laiiiiiiaruiii. :tii. (i;wr)('') Uiiiliii'iN Nollili'Hi'oim. III. (407ti; (") Dfoatoiiiit uiilii|iia.
m i
1
C>iu>:kn Hi\-i;i< IIkus W^'ominc. Terr
I )| 1 ' '■ I :ii A 1 1 ^ Ml . N ( 1 1 "ii ■. 1 i A
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KXP1.ANATJON OK I»I, ATK XI.
All tliP (IrnwiuRH weri« iiin<I« liy J. Henry Hluke.
Kig. 1. (»i..t) (f).EpeiraHi..
2. I '!i;<i4) ( ? ) Epoirii inei'kii 9 .
v.. (1:Ki21) (?) Tlieridiniii oiiirtamMiiii 9.
4. (iJSU) (?) CliiViioiiji iircuna,^ .
5. '8269) (|) AnypliiiMiii iiiti-ritii 9 . C. (i:f.2:n (?) Ep-irn <liliiii( ,?f). 7. {'M'.i) (■?) Ei>eiraiili8i'iiii(lili»(?. H, (82().'>) (f) Ti'thiii'HHH".v"''<?- !). (SM)7T) (\) Tlimnimw (li»jiiiictiiK.
10. (*») ( ? ) Tftliiioiw Riiyoti 9 •
1 1. (rrfKM)) ( f ) Tetragiiatlin tcrtiaria J .
12. (llti'il) (i) Nt-pli la pen<iatipe»9.
1:1. (:>im) (f) T^l>miml» rosiitiis. Tim liliiii-
fthonlil l>o sii'iiilcrcl- at tlie Ihimi". 14. (HOMC* (;■ ) IVtliiiiMiH ht'iitzlicf. Ut. (HT77) ( ( I Kpi'iia ciiicrtoiil cf . 1,>. (Sr)7<i) ( ) \ Epcira cincfavta i . 17. (Wll) (i) Ei)eira mnekil ^ . 688
I t"'«-
18. (fi-lihi) (?) C'lnbiona latcbrosaj . I'.l. (.'117) (1) Epeira eniertoiii $ .
20. (902(i) ( ? ) Tlieridiiiiii BefliiRuni <f .
21. (i:V)92) (f ) TetliiieiiH provectii»9 •
22. (it'Mi ) ( ? ) Cliiliiona evorsa i . 2:t. (4742) ( I ) ThiimiMiiH defosHiiH^ . 24. (I'.H*) (1 ) Clnbiciiia oHtnitafa J .
«'."i. (140:t2) (?) Lliiypliia rctoima,? . K'rxriM>
i)f Kig. 27, lower part. 211. (rt4;V.t) (?; ParattiiH rcHiirrpctim ( 9 f). 27. (1297(>)(i)Eiuypliia retf'iiHa^. (See I'ig.
2.-..) 2-*. ;20r>) (?) HegCHtria »ecP8Ha9- 2i>. (i;>r>2(l) (?) Tith-id'ca iiigeniia9. •.!1). (4'.tCl)(f ) Anaiit, liilro(lm;«d liy acciduiit. HI. (7177) (?) T«^tliii.Mi.soiidiiratiis9. 112. (112tt:i) (?) T'li.na'ca ingeniia9 •
!
LI s. c,Eoi,Gr;u:Ai., ^urvpjy oi-' thk ■ri'iHKrroRiKS
f-j ., 'h^ \v/.
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THK FljOni KWATiTT Barin
All A'll.NIDA
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PLATE XII
VOL XIII 44
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
All tbo (IrawinKH were iii»<I» by J. Huary Ulnke.
Fig. 1. (390) (?) Cono <>f Sequoia, scon in cfomm- section; supposed nlien the platu was onKravcd to be a coiled iiiyriapod.
•J. (i^lC) (t) Paroteruifs liagcnii.
:<. (1247) Cf) ParotemiesfiHliuie.
4. (i:r>36) (j) Ephemera iiincileuta, larva.
5. (8824) (f) Kpbemera tiiiniobilii*, larva.
6. (tWIO) r }) HodotermeH t r<)l<irud<-tisiH.
7. (10t)60) (f) Ephemera puiiiicosa, pupa.
8. (404:{) (?) Taphacris reliiimitii. H. [CkiSi) (f) Ephemera exHiii'tM.
10. (VXfJIi) (f) Ephemera m.ieilnita, liirvii.
11. (34a) (i,2) Nocropsylla rigida.
eeo
Fig. 12. (I'JM) (?) Eutenncs moadii.
13. (i)04l) (?) Purotermes inaigiiiH.
14. (400) (f ) Parotermes insigniit.
l.">. (1.510) (f) Ephemera puuilcuNii, larva.
16. (233) (I) Ephemera pumicowi, larva.
17. (31) (?) Eutermes meadii.
IH. (Ifi93)(f) Lepixma platy ra. Simie of
the abdominal joints are ikhi iiHJjeared.
19. (4(M3) (I) Taphacris reliqnala.
20. (tiOlit) (f ) Entermes fossarmn.
21. (310) C') Necropsy llarigiila.
22. (11190) (f ) Parottirmna fodiiiie.
I) s nF.oLonjnAi., gurvky ok thf, terkitories.
'I'KlVIMAf'Y iN-Si'lCrS OP NOR' 111 AMERICA
! I, i;^:,
ninclaji !. r.oii Litli Phila>i
TiiK Florissant Basin
Ml HI Ai'DiiA . .Ni:i-iii>i'i'i;n.v
n
PLATE XIII
KXPUA.NATION OF PIRATE XIII.
Fig. 1. (8347)(t)^sohna(ii:8obua)8n1ida.
2. (8995) (f ) LiiDDopH.vcbe diNpitraa.
3. (7788) (f ) Neurunia uvaneitcuiiH.
4. (H619) (?) Litliagrion byaliiium.
5. (407) (f ) PbryKanea labefacta.
6. (8046) (?) Agrion exsnlaris.
7. (VJSStS) (t) PolycentropuH THviratiiM,
8. (6%4) ({) Agrion inascencens.
All the drawings were made by J. Hf'iiry Blake, Fig.
9. (6824) (t) Agrion mascescenH. 10. (135*-.) (I) Agrion t«llnri». U. (1816) (i) i£gcbua larvaln.
12. (6927) (f ) Litbagriou iimbratiim.
13. (-^514) (f) DerobroohUH orati-ri».
14. (Hl&l) (f) Litbagrion umbrtitnni.
15. (116(>3)(f)iEiichua(Ba8iu>8cbnaUeparat».
'I f
-)
ij s (W'loi.Dcif^Ai, :njiwi';Y hk thh; tkkhitokiks.
i'r-.HTIAKY [tJMIv'T,". d' NflHTll AmKUICA
I'!, 13.
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SiLvUiin i Tion I.iU". I'hi,
Thf: FiiOui HJSAisrT Basin
Nki mii'''i;ii
i
PLATE XIV
EXPLANATION OF I'hATK XIV.
All tli«< ilruwiD(;ii wprp iiia<lu l>.v J. lie ins llliikr, )'x<'<'|itliiK Fi({N. 1:1 iiihI It, wliluli worn truviid li.v H, II. HcikIiIi T friiiii Ji iiiii'rii|i|iiitiiKru|ili, tiikrii l>y Hiimiii'l WkIIm, Km).
Kijr.
Ij
1. (I.:ih:.) CO liiixi'lliu mIi-ihiih. Tim ri'|irt'HriiliiiK II III III I'liHtiil vein III'
riKllt wiuH <lnr« nut rxinl. !j. ('t:KI)('|) Kliiipliiilla nriiiii|iilllii^. :i. (I:i.'i:l7) (7) Ohiii.vIiih rri|iili'liiH. 4, (ti:i) (?) Iliilcnrpa iiiiKMiliiKii, r>, ()!:!)( I) lliili'or|ia iiiui'iilima. «I. ((i70)(?) Trilioiliiysn Uriimlrt.
7. (rtr'.l-.') Ci ) Triliinlirymiliriiiatii.
8. (I lliW) {] ) 0«iii.\|ii» ici|iiifliif<, St. (11*11) ('/) Triliiirlir.VHU Vfliiwiilu.
10. lrt71»-.i)({)Tribiichiy«ullriiiulii; liiiid w
vi'lti FIk- II. (M71KJ) Ci ) TrilioctiryHii llriiiHlii ; Torn wIiik. ' lliu ; I-.'. I'.KI?:!) Ci) liiiM'olliik N«iiiiii)li'iiiii9.
I l:i, (7:itli) ()) I'lilii'oi'liryHit Htrivtu; front
Will^; tllO llllHltl lllllt'ol tllX llplHT iMilillal
M'iii HJiiiiiJil nut lii> Hiniiulil liiit /.JK/.u^ likt' tliu ii|ii(Ntl liiill'; till' liiiHiil |iorli(iii iif till' iiiUTi'iiblliil urua iHttlMi wri)ii)(l,v Kivi-n. 14. (7:ilO)(^') riklii'ouliryNitHtricIa; hind wing; tilt' I'ltiHH voiuH of tlitt viMtuI •»<» ttfu nut
HllDWn.
JiiK. IT), ('.)r>ti) (V) Iiiiictdlia tiiiniilutu,^.
I
II .'.; ('.i':iji,n(;iCAi, :;uf<vI'',v ()!•' 'ciik,
I'f.rtiaby ln.si';'"i\n ti^. t.j(in.[.,| Amki\i>:a
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KXIM ,VNATION OK PLATE XV.
All the (lva«iii){» wpro iiiiuU- liy .1. lli'iir-. liliiko.
Fit?. 1- :<.
4.
5. 0. 7. 8. "J. 10.
(80f).">) (^) LoptolircM'lniN IiiIcuh. (941l>) 1^) Porobrodiiis imirciJiis. (8A'i7) (t) L<'pt4)l)r<>oliiin liiteiiH. (l.'.MT) Ci) DiToliiocliiis criitiTii'. (1441) (t) Liiiiiii>iiliiliis so|iipriitii.><. (541!:!) Ci) DcnibroihiiH I'liutKcciiH. (tl'20.'>) (}) n.v<lri>in.volioiiiiii(<'im. (319) (V) Diiiiileunin iilMlnctniii. (lllir) f9)Tiiioilrs i.iilii(\i({>-iii«- (14'ilO) (ij) Litolirocbiiw I'xtiTiiatiiH.
&J6
Kiji.ll. (li'^^4' I ) MrRoliniclius lutliii'ilB.
Vi. (<MV.V<t M I'secadiii inorliiella. Ki'vnrso
olFi-. 17. i:t. (44vi:i) . 1 ) McHolirnclnis iiiibccillns. 14. (H4'i'i) (t) PiiliKlii'flla fniptionin. 1'). (11754) (V) Si'todt'H iKirlimmliH. Iti. i'ifin) ^) DtTiibnicliUH t'riKi'sct'i'it- 17. (8460) ») PHfcailiaiiiortiiellu. Rever.seof
r^ B
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'I'f.rviap.v Imcect;'. OF Ndrth Ami-
BICA
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PLATE XVI
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EXPLANATION OF PI^TE XVT.
All the drawings were tiiuile l>,v .1. ilunry HlAkc, <<xvoptin)( Fig. 18, which is by 8. H. Scndder.
■:~iJbSsaL,
Fig. 1. (1.60:)) (':) Liibidnroiniiiu boriiiniiNi^, 'i. (;ii)5) (f ) Labiiliironinia inortolo J .
3. (3tl%2)(f)Labidiirnmninaviii9.
4. (1.381) (f)Qiiediii8breweri.
r>. (13544) (i) Labidiiroroma avia,f .
C. (370ri) (f ) Labidiironiiiia niorlale,^ .
7. (2Ci04] ()) Labidiironinia inrpniiiiii,; .
e. (10627) (t) Qiu-diiis cbaniberlini.
9. (5004) (?) Labidiironinia lalH-nH (young), 10. (U'208) (f ) Labiduroninia coniniixiuni 9 ■ It. (11309) (?) Labiduroninia avia 9. \'i. (13,%46) (f) Labiduroninia exsulatiini9. (Copied by Zittel, Handb, d, palieont., Fig, 959.)
Fig. 13. (14471) (^) Labiduroninia labt'UHif.
14. (47IM)) ({) Labiduroninia gilbvrti,; .
15. (ri:t34) (f ) Labiduroninia tortiarinin 9 . IG. (7118) (?) Labiduroninia lalit-nH^.
17. (1832) ({) Labiduroninia coniniixtnni9.
18. (14688) (j) Labiduroninia tcrtiarinni^.
19. (31t>) (f) Labiduroninia lithopbilnm 9. ■20. (i;i001) ({) Labidnroninianiortale9.
21. (i'Mi)) (1) Labiduronima tprtiariuni^,
22. (11740) if) Labiduroninia avia,^.
23. (H022) Ci) Labiduroninia avia 9.
24. (5278) (t) Labiduroninia ap.
u s c;F'U)l,o[.;i[;al, .sukvf'.y oi' thf, tkhhitobies
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PLATE XYII
i 1
KXIM.ANATION OK 1»I,ATK XVI
All the drttwiiiKH were iimile by J. Heury Bluke, excepting Vig. 8, wliioh in by 8. H. 8cinlclor.
Pig. I. (»,«) TyrbiiU riiiMelli. One iif the JointM of the Bnteuuitl clnl., '^- (?)TyrbularnM.>H)lli. Anteniiie. •<• (}) Tyibiila rnaselji. (Copieil by Zittel, Handb. I. imlu'oiit., Fig, !N'>r>.)
4. (?) Tyrbiila rnNHclli. Tibiul Hiiineo.
5. (7*0) (}) (K.lipwla prufociitii.
fi. ((ilKi) (j) Goniplioci>rn8 abHiriiHiiB. 7. (1724) (f) Cyiiiutomeni iiiacnlHta. H. (HM) (4) Homcnoguniiu ventriosa. 9. (7544)(f)LoouHtaiiileii8. Apurtionofthe
leg, ibowing apineH. 10. (7544) (f ) Locuvtu «Uen«. 700
Kig. 11. (.'idl?) (j) Agi»thenieraretliiM«. li. (.MiW) {]) Zetobora bninneri. i;l. (UTiW) (?) Tyrbiila niiiltiHpinoHa. 14. (ll.'i.''>7) 0) l,lthymnet»>H guttatiiH 9.
(Copied liy ZItti'I ' , Kig. !M>!>.) l.'i. (IKi.")'/) (}) l.itliji, ,-H gnttiitnH 9.
.Showing the vnllni.ii Npottiiig. Iti. (l;l .''>0) (I) Oriihi-limiiui placidiim9.
17. HM'i) (f Hiryllafris oineriii.
18. (135-''>l)({)Orcheliiuuiuplaeiduinif . Kore
leg. It). (i:i&51) (0 Orcheliniuui plaoidiiiu,^ .
TlIK Fl.OUT SS AKT J ' ASIN ( )n I Hi J 1 'r 1. 1 (A
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PLATE XVIII.
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EXPLANATION «»K IM.ATK XVIII.
All tlio (IrikwiiigH ur« by .1. Ufiiry lUake.
Kijf. 1. (!t<!<!l)(") Arcliilachiiiis pciimitiiH. K'opiiMl by Kiu'kton, Moiioj;r. Hrit. Apliiib-s, I'l. VXi, Fi^. :t. 'i. (:!iri) (','•) Schizoiiciiriiiili-s s r ii il il <• r i. (ro|(i.'il l.y liiickti.n, 1. .-., I'l. l:i:l. Tij;. fi. Ci)|iii'il by j^ilttil, il;iiiilli. •!. palicdiil,, Fij;. '.»?W. )
3. (10-20.')) (f ) Hiplioiioplniroidrs iiiitii|iKi.
4. (ti7(i)('") Tuplirapbis siiiiidix. (Ccipird by
Biic'ktou.l.c.lM. l:t;i. Ki(,'.-.'.> ri. (144.')0) ['!) Si]iIioiii>pli(>r»iib'N aiillc|iiii. r>. (:114) ('i'^) .Sjrlllli>brncllllH ri\ i v iwi'lls.
7. (!'<.')(>'.{) ("I .Sipliiiii(ipli<iri>icli'N aijtii|iiit.
8. (ThMl) (f ) ApliiilopHix iimrKuruiii.
702
Fis;. 1), (4»v!7) (f) AnconRtiigdiirHiiONii8. fCopied by Itiicktoii, 1. c, I'l. l;t:i, Fig. 4.)
111. (.s.»x<») {') .Sipliiiiiopliornitlcs aiiti()iiii. (('i)pii'(lby iiiu'kloii, l.c.,1'1. i:i:i. Fi«. 1.)
P. (III44M ?) ApliiilopNU Hp. ( inniititiii'.".
\'i. (IL'iTT) (f ) Sbeiiiiitiis iiiicMiii'li.
l:i. (:itil) i;) Ainalaiicon ' M<miih.
14. (447.")i (J) Ur.\cliii)lii» ri'ioiiililii.
I'l. (t!",t!';i) (J) ArcliililcliiiiiM piMiimtiiH.
Ki. (4til.'>) (1) Arcliilac'liiiiiN )it'iinutiiN.
IT. ( ITT ) ( ','M Anliilaclimis priiiiatiiM.
I-. (X(K">>( I ) riiTdstiKiimnriirvuiii. (Coplcil by llncktoii, I. r., PI. I;i:i, FIj;. «. )
lit. (fJOtf'i) (?) Tfjilirapliis walabii.
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PLATE XIX. |
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KXIM-ANATION OF I'LATK XIX.
All the drnwiiiKs wpro niaiio l),v J. Henry Blake.
Fis. 1. (tSO<i'J)(^») Fnlgo:;' ol.ticeHCiMis.
'J. {•ifi'i)('^!') CiTeojiiH Mi;'ii('iita. A portion
BliowiiigthoHiirfiircHtnictiirc. 11. (202) (i) CcrcopiH Hiifl'oralii. ■I. (U'^-SO ( I ) (iyiionu ciinicin. r.. ('iChit^) Ci) AKiillin iiliMlriHt.i. (>. (1047H) Cf) PociimiN ]is,vll<.Mi's.
7. (HOT) (?) At,'iilli;i IfWJNii.
8. (120HS) (7) Njc((>|ili.vlii.\ vij;il.
il. ("tVJ") (V) Ti'tlifioiiiii |irisiiitiiicln.
10. (4;!T!t) Ci) Aplitc.plHirii np.
11. (11771) (? I Ny.lopli.vliix nlilrri.
12. (l.(H!t) (^) Klorm.si»iitiil cli'^iiiiH. i;t. (127Pr>) (\') Eliiliptera ri'Kiil»riH. 14. (1.705) (f ) CixiiiHt proiiviis.
704
Fi);. ir>. (Il;i07) (H AcorpphiiIn8 c.iHoshh.
1(>. (5188) (',') Ja88opHiHevi(Uui8.
17. (<>21H.t) (';) Honiniiis iisylloidfH.
IH. (lOl.^S) (V) Ajjallia lliiccida.
I'.t. (1(M'p72) (V)Tlii.sK]>cciiiiPii waHa( rill' ntall.v ovor'iookrd in woikiii^ up tlx' fauna. It i* I'vidi'iidy the anlrrior halt' of onn nf the ('<'r(iipidn and app.iriMitly a hprcicn of Loi rite.'*, hut dot-H not aurcc with the othnr HprcicH known.
20. (:HI2) (',■) Thainnoti'ltix I'nndi.
21. (l.i-O.'.) (',') AKallialowiMii.
22. (tMjTi.'i )(',•) Clastoptrra coniHtocki.
23. (4552) (V)Thliboiiieuu« parvus.
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PLATE XX
VOL xiii — 45
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KX1'I,ANATH»N <»F I'l.ATK XX.
All till' iliawiii^H WITH iimilo by ,1. H«iiry Klako.
FiK.
(t)050) (f )Pnlocpliiirii pr.iviilriis,
(.■iliri-*) (( 1 I'rtliiiilinidi'H iiri';;Mliiiis.
(ll).>t) ( t 1 I'lllcrpliorii ('(iiniiniiilN.
('.C.MHM (' ) A|ii)ii'iiiii |iru'stri(tiiin.
(li'J) (I ) IVlnilystra jji^janlcii ?.
(411; (I) l'ulr(il.v>lriv ({IK''"'""' (t'"|'i'''l
by Zilti'l, llaiiilb. il. i.alirdiil., Ki^. '-W. ) (4Vi) ( I ) IVtrolysti-.i niKi'"'"*'i- (ll.->V.l) (t) I''''r'il,vstra lini..'.. (ll>2.!*) (f) A xiiiall lly. round iii> tlir same
-itolli' with till' llrxl. |M1 liap-l liilii|l;;il|^
t() llu' Tucliyilriiiniilii'. hiii « Iiiim«- pri'cisu nniiiiliuH it in perliup'i iiiipimtilili' tn trucu.
Kin. 10. Ul'<Kn) (f) Piilecphnra iiinciilata.
II. (ti-lH4) I ) I l'iili'('pli..ru iiiiiiviiu'i.
\-i. (I)|rt4) (J) Piili'iplmra iiiuiviiiui.
l:i. (iWSi) (f) I'ali'cpliiira inarviiiri.
14. (11*71) (',') I'ri plinra lialtcalii.
I.'i. (tilH)) (V) Palocpliiira iiiiirimta.
Hi. (')•<■,') if) I'aliiphrodi's ciiiita.
17. (ii'ilM) if) Pali'cpliiii'i iimciiliita.
I-'. (1:1) ( 'i ) Palapliroiles irri Knlaiis.
I'.>. (tH;;!l)) ( V).IasNiis f latt'liia-. 'M, (l:iri7(l) (f) Piili'cpliora I'ciiiiiniiniM. lil. (l.M») ^';') Pali'cpJKiru I'oininiiiiis. •■ti. (1 l'.il)(',) LIthecphora spllgiTtt.
if
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Photographic
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI.
All the drawings wore made by J. Henry Blake.
Fig. 1. (78) (f) Agallia inHtaliilJN.
2. (P081) (f) Palec|iliorii pni-ralens. X (ViTiCt) (',') Litbecpbora iniiratu. 4. (12447) (V) Litbecpliora iiiiicdior. .'■>. (1.T):17) (V) Lithec|iliora iinicolor. (!. (38(>4) (f ) Paltipbrodcs irregiilariN. 7. (Siijr.) (f) PaliipbrodoH irreKiilariH. a (912) (?) LIthecphora iniirata. 9. (:{801) (f ) Palecphora luarvinei. - 10. (8(|i{i;) (f) PalapbrodoH obliqua. 706
Fig. 11. (14178) (f)Litheophoraunicolor. 12. (9158) (f ) Palecphurn niarviiiei. tX (:S0) ({) Litbecpbora diaphana. U. (11103) Ci) Litbecpbora iiiiiculor. l.'>. (208) (f) Palaphrodes cincta. ir>. (12ti) (f ) Oictyophara boiivei.
17. (8:u:i) (f) I.ocrit<'8wbitfi.
18. (4287) (f ) Palaphrodes obscura.
19. (9374) (?) Locrites copel.
I) Iv C.|'/v)LO(;)CAl., i:;ur<Vl';Y Gi'' Ttil'; TFli.RITORIES
Till. I'l.oH 1 S SAN'f H Art IN
11 Mir I lit
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EXPIiANATION OK PLATE XXII.
All tlin ilrawiiigH wore luwlu by J, Henry lilako.
Fig. 1. (44H(l) (?) Achro§toc<iri8 cincrnriiw. 'i. (I'if) (f ) <:;B|mns liU'iiH. :). ((>:i*l) (V) IMilliiiiiK'oriN cnlligatiiN.
4. (l'i7H4) (f ) TiroscliistiiM indiiresceuH.
5. (4ri<i:f) Ci) KiiHcns fii-catiiH.
6. («t4) (?) DiHcoNtomii t sp.
7. (l.HVH) Ci) NyHiiiH vvcula.
8. (U'.Ml) (f ) Stt'iiiivfliii nisra.
'.). (7t')0it) (If) TraitezonoliiH oxtcriiiiiiatUH. 710
Fig. 10. (I.HaiX^) LygnMisstabilitns. 11. (I(l7".ilt) (V) NoUiuectii vmeraoui. li. (IIK)7) (H ProHigara tialielliiin. i:<. ( yxtSi) Ci) Paliuuvt>liii xpiiioga. 14. (:i'i*t8) Ct) Stonovelia nigra. l.'> (127H2)(V)MetTobate8uit«rnall8. The fig- ure in iipHide tlown. l(i. (23:<H) (?) C'orixa immersa. 17. (7'2C!») (?) Cnrixa vamliizoei,
S 1
kllB. The tijj-
n S. GEOLOGICAI, SURVHY OF THE TERRITORIES Teutiaky iNaEGTS OF NoH'i'H Amkrica
Pi, 22.
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IlK.MM-rr.ii.v (llicrKmii'TKHA Mkiu'vi id.vk.I.vhakiiiak j
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EXPLANATION OP PLATE XXIIt.
All the tlrnwiiiKH were iiiittle li.v ■). Henry Hlake.
>:
ig. 1. (5696) li. {Vim-> :t. (^:«^^)
4. (.VTH)
5. (IMiTii) (7(iI7) (T47:i)
(;ni:t7) 10. r.>:wi)
U. ('J<;74)
i:». (4r.«0)
14. (fi:«ir.)
15. (It884)
iti. (.^7:«))
71ti
e.
7.
H.
(f) EotingiHHiiteniinlu. ') (1) Liniiirit rnn'tTiita. d) Kotiiiftin iintcniiata, (P Linnii'a imliiikiiii.
( I ) Monuiitliiik vi'liTiiii. {") I'ieHiiiaf riitiiiMlu. (T) Slcnnpainttra Niil)t«rriia. (") PrnuroiiliiiiK roMtaliii.
(II) Monanlliin vciorna. (!) LiiiiiiuuliDliiuwii. (?) TrapezoiMiliiH externiiiiaturi. ) (7) ProcriipliiiiH i-oiiiiiiiiiiii*. (n CnpRim obHolerartiM. (f ) N'yuiuH Ntratim. (f) Kliyparncliniiiiiiit verrlMii. (f) .'^teiiopanipru tenebroMa.
Fig. 17. (.^Hll) (
IH. (I11H4)
lit. (4!I:M) (
ao. (m(i5)
!il. (7!fii;i)(
*J. (11757)
2:1. (iWttl) (
'.'4. (ii:n)i)
4'.. ((kViO) (
SMi. (ti4.sH) (
•i7. (111(14)
!iH. (ll-AW)
«». ( l-Mf.)) (
:«). (uaio)
:U. (70«4) (
7) (lecHMirlR inrernnriini.
(f) I'rocro|iliiiiN ('(iinniiiniii.
1') Liniiica Kraviilu.
(t) NyHiiis tritiiM.
O Liiiiiji-a ovolnta.
( ? ) Traiiezoiiotim exterminatui.
n riiivrnphiiiH laiignenH.
(') SU*iiopaiiii-rit teiifbroBa.
") TraiiezoiiotiiN oxtcrininatiis.
n OeocnriH inremoriiiii.
( Il ) N.VHiiis atratiiH.
(^ PnMTophins cominiiiiiH.
{) PrncropliiiiHitoiiiniuniR.
(f ) Kliyparocbrumiis veriillli.
f ) NvBiiiR terric.
u s (;[';ui,();;i('Ai
lUKVl'lY ()!• Till', Tl'iHHlTOHIl
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'I'lIK I'l.oH I WSANI' Ua.SIN
1 li ..vrir r Kit A II
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PLATE XXVI.
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EXPLANATIOX «)F PI.ATK XXVI.
All th« drawiiigB wore iiia<Ie by J. Honry Blakp.
Fig. 1. (8604) (i) Ortliriocorisn loiinippH.
2. (4G44) (V) LitbocliroiiiiiH iiiortimriiiB.
H. (TrtTifi) (f ) CydanuiH rnliiiHtiiH.
4. (14207') (I; Coriiini ubditiviid.
.'■>. (12469) (V) Eotbos ol<>){»n».
6. (13660) (',') Lithochroinim oxtranoiiH.
7. (70:f7) (?) rbnitiopaiiieracbittendeni.
8. (10:J91) (?) Proteiior inilwcilliH.
9. (11233) (?) r-lir»do|>anierachittemleni. 718
i Fig. 10. (98;J7) (?) Lithoohroniug ganlnori.
11. (24:n)(?) Rbi>p()coriH pnuvuleiiH.
12. (142:Wi) (?) Catopaiiiora briMlleyi.
13. (r'467) (?) Rht'pncoriH vro|iiiiq(iaiiH.
14. (.ViitS) (?) ricz<>corinf peroiiiptUH. 1,-.. (26%) (?) Tttgalodi-H iuoniiis.
16. (1>2.'>:<) (?) Etiruvori8 iiiferualis.
17. (6;t70) (?) Phthinocoris Ipthargiciis.
M I
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U S. GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tehtiahy Insects of North Amkriua
'I"hf. Florissant Dasin
I Ii;mii"|'i:ii.\ II khiuih'Ihha I.MtAiiinAi':
I 1
PLATE XXV.
i I
Fig. 1. (318ft) (f)Rbepoctiri8 propiiiqiiMiiH. ti. (lu:tHl) (f) NyxiiiHgtratiiH. :{. (I21(U) (^') CaoulyiluHcxHtir|>atUH.
4. (liJOdl) (f ) RuepocoriH |>ru<vnleD8.
5. (3a47) (?)Cori7.U8ab(litivui».
(i. (318a) Cf) Kbo|mcorii) pra!Valt-nH. 7. (17(il) (V) Khepocoris pnnvalvim. H. (11140) (f)Nysiu8 8tratu8. 71G
EXPI^ANATION OK l»l<ATE XXV.
All the drawings were iiiadu by J. Hcury Blake. Fig
i>. (5669) (?) Khei)ocori8 prutvalenH.
10. (13087) (\') Rhepocoris prajvaleiis.
11. (91128) (f) Kbupocoris pnevaleiiH. Vi. (l.r>08) (BCacalydus lapsus.
13. (1SOT8)(?) t'arodarmistiis collisiiB.
14. (1.803) (?) Rhepocoris prntvaleiis. l.'i. (10956) ({) Piezocoris peritiis. 16. (9) (f ) Rhcitocoris jiriuvalens.
il
U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES
Tkrtiary Inskctp of NnR'i'ii Amkrica
F'L 25
'I'hk Florissant Bahin
IIr;Mii"iKU.\ . (lli-.-iKiiopiKnA - ('«>hkii>aI':
m. I
■J 1
I ?
I I
PLATE XXYI.
4
I
! n
i
EXPLANATION OF I'l-ATK XXVI.
All tint drawiii);H wvro luwle by J, Hoiiry Blake.
Fig. 1. (8004) (?)0.rthriocori»n loii|{ipe8.
'i. (4644) (V) Litbocbroiiiim iiiortiiariiis.
3. (Tf*.'*) (?) Cydnn-iiM robiistuit.
4. (14207', (f) CorifiiH iib«litivii8. r>. (124f)9) Ci) KotbimelfKiini*.
6. (I3(U>0) (V) LithiichroiiiiiH ox riiiiens.
7. (70:0 (^) Phriul<>|iaiiioracbitteu(leiii.
8. (1(1. :tl) (1) rrotonor inibucilliH.
9. (lliXi) (f) rbrtidopanieracbittmulHDi. 718
Fi^. 10. (!>8:t7) (f) LithoohroniUH Kardnvri.
It. (24:il) (V) Kli<*i>ucoriH pruivaleim.
r.>. (1423(i) (f) Catupainnra bradleyi.
l:l, (r'4ti7) (V) RbppocoriH prnpiiii|iiaiiii.
14. (5C;J3)(?) riu/.ocurix f p<>rrniptiiH.
1.'), (2<i'.M'i) d) TugaliMk-N iiioriiiiH.
1(1. {WK\) d) Ktirocoriit iiiforualis.
17. (r>:t70) Ci) Phthiiiocoriii IctbargiouB.
U S Or^OLOGICAL ^JURVF.Y OF THH TERRITORIES l>;u'i'iA!.Y iNvSiiicrri of Norvni Amkhica
T Sii.;'.;j; .. ?'-.li I.iVh i"..lli>?.:i
The Florissant Basix.
IIi;mii-ii:i»a I Ii: i i- hi>I'ii:iia ('i)HI:ii>ae !
KXPLilJiATION OF PLATK XXVII.
All the drawing* were matle by J. Henry HIkkn.
Fig. 1. (a67)(f) Rhipiphnrn9K»lkiei.
9. (6650)(f) KxitelunrxwuKiiia.
3. (570:i)(f) Hocria Inpidosa.
4. (1.1664) (f) ProcnriH brcbleri.
5. (1.831)(j) Heeri»giil<MM».
H. (l-^iSO) (f ) I'htb'nncoriii lunKiiidiiN,
7. (9fi90) (f)CBt<)imiiieri»»iigbeyi.
8. (2577) (?) LitbocbroiniiH gurilneri.
9. ((I9:il) (?) PbnidopnniBra wilwiiii. 10. (9086) (?) Necrochromus oockorelli.
780
Fig. 11. (<.KKU)(f)Trap«zonotiiHstyKlaliii. I'i. (1177:i)(V) Heeria guloMt. 111. (OiKtO) (?) ProlygiKuii innndatiiH. 14. (2H71) (?) NecroohrnmuR labatni. V>. (6:160) (?) Corizns celatus.
16. (1:<,11.'>) ('>) PhnidopaniiTa wilaoiii.
17. (H740) (?) Phtbinocoriii lethargloiis. IH. (4'J6tt) (?) llflmu gnlnsa.
19. (14197) (?) Heoria lapidoM.
U y GF.;0L0GJI'A1, SUt<Vt-;V ni' ■CIIM TPlMHITnTUKS
Pb 27
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T Sui'jliur * !>on I.ith ?hilal:»
TnK FiiORi HSANT Basin
I li- .\Mi>ri :ii.\ (Hi: I'MHiP'i'KliA Coiii'.iDAI': |
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PLATE XXVIII.
VOL XIII 46
/:
KXIM.AXATION OK I'L.VTE XXVIII.
All till' (lr;nviii({s wiin; iiiiuli' by .J. Meiiry Ulaku.
Kig. 1. ("O-iO) (f) reutnToiiiitoK foliarniii. 2. (i;!:U'-) (?) CncdHcliisiiis iiiaciTiatns. ;t. (r>4(>()) (f ) Ti'k'iwcliistu.s pliiciiiiis.
4. (ll'^jri) (5) riDcydiiiis ilevii Ins.
5. {U4vJt)) (f) Pl()< villi lis IllDlMlH.
(!. (I. KIT) 0) Tliiirti)(iolii«Mis ri'vnlsiiH. 7. ("ifSro (f 1 ri)li(>s(lii>tii> lij;atns. <*. (:WOT) (V) Mfi-cicupliala h|i. 9. (8d(il) (}) Diploiliilaf li.'iishawi. 10. (nU) (}) Polioijuliistiis laiiidariiiH. 728
Kig. 11. (H471) ()) Tliliinmoscliistiis smvidatiiM.
1'2. (l:i,')r!.<) (f) '<'|i|iboiii«tiim liiniiMin.
111. (8HiO) ^y) Necrocydniis HolidaliiH.
14. (SlSfiO) (t) 'IVlftwcliistUM rlyoratiiH.
15. (24(14) Ci') I'rocyduim vfi<|>i!riiH. 1(1. (4*')1) Cf) XccrocydmiB Hiiiyzimiis. 17. (l;)77) (\') Heeria gulosa.
Iri. (147'J) (f) PotfHcbistiis oltiiiibiliiH.
1'.'. (1U4U5) (f) TbliiumuHcbiHtiis gravidaliiH.
U a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North Am!;rica
Pl 2 8.
^^■■^m;-
• •* "* -if'
...... ,-1,-- p ,
Thk FijoniMHATTT Basin
I ll- MII'IIMIA lIlKTiritoPTKilA I'l. NTATOM [ DAK ( '<im M Al ,Ai: N 1 1) VK )
INDEX.
IW
Paife. I
abbreriata (S«to<lea) 193
abditiviiH (Coriznii) 4X1
abdiictum (Uiaplogma) 2t)l)
abita ( Bracliypeza) .Mil '
abulita(LiumGii) .. ;I98
aboriiviim (Pudai^ritii)) i;t4
abro^Htua (PtoroAticbiiH) .VJS
ab8ce»miiu (Lathrobhitn) TiOfi
abflciHsiia (Paro(biriiiiatim) 422
abacoudita (Ept'irn) H4
abaeiiH (Catuiifura) 245
a\)HtractUH (DorobrochuH) 1811 !
abatnictit (Apillial 307
abHtruaua ((iuniphocerua) 22;t
Auuuthaapidiiia 3i>4,3r>5
Acintblicbi' .'1(H)
Acantboaoina 435
xVcaiitbdHoiniiia 43.'i
Acariua 45,46
Aearua 47
Aceatra 42i»
Acbilida 297
Ac.brt'alocoris 412,41:1
ciDt>rariuH 413
AcocepliaijH 311
adu^ 311
oalloauH 311
Acni'phia 281
Acrldil 220
Ai'ridiiini bartheleinyi 2J0
Ac.roci'ra .'iii3
globulua .''>H3
hiraula 603
Aculeata 015
ndiu (AuoucpbaUia) 311
adamiia (ntoiliiia) 504
Adici'lla 189
JIgialia 489
rupta 489
.Slia 4.S3
iEolothripa .172,373
.Xaobna 125,126,141,142,143
conatricta 142, 143
,^iiata 145
larvata U.'i
niarchali 143
motia 142
mixta 142
fiolyiloro 142
acpai-ata 144
aoUda 143
tychi! 142
.SCac.hiiidm 02,125
^F.aibiiiliii 02, 124, 12.\141
ivriTiialia ( Metrobatea) .353
Page. I
int4!niua (Derobroohna) 184 '
j^^lh la piiiiotulntua 438
iEtiirliiniia 362
A^aloiia .. . 68 !
Agalunidta 48,40,00,08 j
Agallia 305 I
abatructa 305, 3117
llaccida 305, 3ci0
inntiiliilia 3US, 306 ,
lewiaii 305
AgathtuniTii 210
roi'liiaa 219
Aglioil 12.5,120,127,137 ;
ajilunpi. 127,137
iil)li<)Uilli) 127
iixsiiliiiU 127,138, 139
icariia 127
iris 127
ItMUMfHia 127
ligea 127 I
lnaaetv.iOtiua 127, 13H 1
piirtlieliopo 127 ^
peiaiuou 127
tulliiria 140
Agrinni.lif 92. 124, 125
A«riiillillil 92,124,12.5,126
Agrypiiiii 196
Alcoalia 300
AK'Ui-ddfa 241
uliitaut'iia (llii-ii'liia) 5:i4
Alyiliiria 418
Alydiiiii' 411,418
Alydin 418
latoralia 418
Aiiialanvoii 244, 270
lutuaua 270
Alnalnpiuii 575
Aiiniiirubiiia 68
amictiia (Hydrochtia) 615
Aiiiiiio]i!iiIa 30
AiiiphiagrioH 126,137,139
Ainpbii'iitoiimin 117
Ainptiiflcepa bivittata 206
Anipbitboniiaiia .TO
anipbi (Cliilii^iu) 5.59
nrayr.oiiiia (Necrocydiiua) 446
Anubulia 195
A nncliiija 597
ap 597
Aiiaiidnia 71
Aiiari'to 600
Aiiaaa 412
print'oputida 412
Aiuit.dla 689
l;ieita 6(^9
Page.
AnaUine 62
Auax 125,142
metis 142
Anconatua 244,271
bucktoui 271,272
duraiiiiaiia 271,272
Aiicyliic^huiia 404
Alidrenidll! 30
aiiillrf (Bnii'hiia) 484
A iiiaoiiiorph,i 219
Aiiidtiiini 491
ddciptiiiii 492
Ilgnituiii 492
ovalu 491
uiiiiiiinlu (SleDooiuclia) S64
niiiiiwna (Cryptorhyiicbiia) 477
aiiti'diliirianum (Calyptitea)... 606
iiMttimiata (Eotlngla) 36U
Aiithoropbagiia 501
ocliracuiia 501
priaciia 601
Anthtiniyia 548
biirgeaai 549
iimiiimata 518
Antliiiiiiyidu) 548
Aiitliuuoiima 472
diifosaiia 28,472
atiporua 472
Antbracoiiiarti 46
Alitliribidii' 465
anti<|ua{Ducatotiia) 604
(Sipliniiopburuidea) 255
autiquiia (PlianiDua) 489
(Tvluoaclilatua) 4,54
Autopla 76
Anypliii'iift 61, 62, 60
t'uacata 67
intei-ila 67
Apliii'tiogaater 616
bttreiidti 615
longawa 015
Apbana 281
' atiiva 281
j rutundipeiiiiia 282
I Apliantapbia 244,2.53
t'xaiifa 254
j Apbt'loebuinia 347
I Aphidea 242
I Aphidinm 244
! Apbidop.<iia 244,260
dalli 261,264
otimciata 261,266
bargiTi 261.262
liiiaria 281,263
I iiiargunmi 261, 264
723
I
724
Pftge. i
vVphUlnp(<l«H|i 2fifi
Hal>tcriia -<*1
AphU '^4'*
AphodiiiH — ^^
precursor 4****
niricoln 48>*
A pbroplitiru '»'*"
«p 3:(7
AplirnpUoridii *'.*'1
Apiiim :»>
Aptirriim ^("tt
prit'rttrirtiini '("'*
Anu'luiiileH <B
Aratiuiu) a;ifl.:uo,:ui
Aiauea 7!. 7*1
ooliimbho "1
Arrtin'idi'n 4S, 48
artanii (riubiona) Oi
(Formica) Oil*
Arclnra Tk). 51.."i)i
Arcluliii'liniif* t244. ".'It'.
iinnlj;ri -4fi. -47
pcniiattis -40. 217
ArchipmHMiH 117
amiiita (Sackcnin) 5*X>
A rcnoioi in -i'M
ATfiUi 12:.,13fl
Artryrnnctft. flt^
Arinnnios 71
Arnilia 2J3
Aithrolyt'osft 46
Aj*fin-oriiyi;i 8fi7
iMiIavrr 5*17
AHfirtltipliiiia 02
Asi-jil ipliiis 147
aHfaritlff* i Mnnca) fi^l
axi'ltoidi-M (PlaiiocepliahiM). ... fll
Aftilulm 29.Ml;(
np-- '"'■'
Aftiraca 27s, 'J!t5
t'Diaria 'Ji^H
a-trirta (Orcopirt) HIH
iitava (Apliaii;U 281
Athi'ra *"►
Altidi-s 48,49, r)2
AtloHles r)2
AttopAiH r.:t
au;:In'yi ((JatJipaiinTa* :Ip7
Aiiliiript'-i iiroratiis .'U)J
aurora ((.'ymiruHa) 51'<
AvtTiius ''i''-i
a via (Labidiirornnm) LMt'i
HatiH IIH
anoinala 1 H
nallitHtutna 02. It4. ]t'l
Imlti'ata il'ritii't'phora) .'(;i2
lUrbarnthiM 29
Itasciip.ti'* fnTfiriiHua ... 2i);t
Ilaniii-.M hna Ii2. U4
jaiiiiti U5
Ai'parata 142
Bp 142
Iwrbli-ri (PrncnriHj 'Mi'.l
Itf'l.twloiiiatiila- ;i:W.3Pi
Jb-riibiiliiirii 6I1», riiiO
r.inMriclutn r»;(I
rxoli'ttini 5'IU
rrfiKiiM-ntimi fi:t|
(ilai'iaturii .'')3I
im-qiiiilo 5:iO
INDEX.
Iloiiilililiiini loniiiiliini S.1I
llnrlilliia .186, M"
•i<*nfMiiH B13
ru»|>iiliitiiii niD, SI4
|iiiiii-ti|H'nnti4 ."^I.t
Kt'XHtrinttiN .M.I
tllllllH .lU
lliiyliiiu 411
Hiliiniililii' 'iH.sai
lilluis.i (Musiii) 86'J
liiii(il;ilus (Myi'iitivtuB) !Mi
lllttiiius 147,172
Itlali.Ta 217
Hlniiliiliia 4;i
lllnltali;p 215
Itl.iliiiH .104
fidiiruiiH .104
iiiiiinliiriH 004
linviilvnn 50.1
lllilriattln .105
HIi'pbiii-oiitiTa 64l(
i:'', 'Mia 374
Ii..l.liii .103,594
liillii.liv:lKft .lot
Hi'piiltii 503
innliratirn 503
IIiiMilius 30
Uiinii>,viiiii« ;;9
bi'Mii^insi (L;i1)ii]uri)i>iiii.i) 200
I>o*«tt-\<'IulA <'iipii('iinii4 . ...... 402
IVjllii'iiinii'iiiinim 147, 102. in:i
luihliiiii 104
iNuiM-i (lllrl.MiplLani) 'jaii
llniiiiyicni 502
Uriiclivpi'lla 437
Hi-.M livpiza .W.
aliita .101
priH-i-ra .191
I!i'ii<-ii\tarHiiH 406
priHlimiH 460
llr.ii..:i ficifi
laiiiiii.irtini .. 006
Kp (107
nrilroiiidi). :U), 005
K|i 007
liTiulhvi (ratiiparncrii) :iH7
Itrt'\ ipidpi 574
liriwt'ii (lilt-diUH) .1(w
f.nicliiila. 2«, 484
111 11. liiK 4M
iiiiilit 4K4
In iirmrri (Zrtobora) 217
Itr>iM*(H-aria 303
ItiM ktiiiii ( Ain'iinatu.s) 272
lliilirniin 151
llupii'stltlii- 27,493
lliiprt'sti!* 403
rtaxi^cna 404
Ki-iMila 401
»r|iulta 405
!■ rii;iriii 4o;;
lihru'<-'*«i I AlilJiniiiyiat .140
lUriliiil.T 400
liv ; iiiiM'iipllH 302,301
tiipiili'Hft'Us - 305
C.Haly.liH 419
.•x«lir|ialii!t - 410, -"iO
lapsim 410
ra.-..Mhir.lmi 463,4.10
nni't-riatiiH 405
j ram".
I cwlnvrr (Anarcomyla) .1*7
I o»4luraii (ParocUrmliituii) 422
I OHiomun 117
rn'iiiiliinluii ( Derobroiilium 183
cu'HiM (PlatyiitiM) .122
(■alculiiha ( rntliiHia) 194
rnllirtct.iiM ((It.ri'opilcs) 317
CalllHll I'H 537
(!alliiiii\la 5.15
tiii'ptM atu 5.15
<-alloMiiH (.\('mTplialiiH) 3)1
Ciilciiiterygliln. 92.125
CaldmiMiH .135
ralnliTliii'" 104,107
(^aloli.rips 371
<.'aIyptlto(4 ml*.
HiittMllluviaiuini 000
(•alyptim «0.">
Catiiponutii!! 611
Vl.tllB 010
CamptiipiiK 418
OantlHin 491
p.Tploxiia 401
('apHaria 302
Oapsida. .342,361
Cnpaiiia 302
Capsoa 301,362, 30H
'.a-im 368,369
obsolcractiia 368
Carabida. .. 27,489,517
('arablni .1.35
Carnbim .135
carliiinariiiA (Dry.irn^to^) 470
(■Hn'<.rata (I.iiuiii'a) 308
('ai'iiioIiiN 3tI3
Ura v»tll« 363, 364
parviiH 303
wpoHltna 3M.3H4
raHu.H (PlatyniiH) 510
('alani.urii 244,245
altsons 245
rileyl 215
Catopniiiora 384,387
aiiubi'Vi 387
bradlpyi 387
Calopsiylla 275,277
pvinia 277
(•.•(■iil.niiyiibr! 581,000
ii'latua (Cmiiiwl 433
Ci'lilbiinia 120
CiplialiiinriH 375
Oi'phiMii.H ;!;i4
Ccriiiiib; ida- 28
('err id if. la 77
Ct'l-ciipidu 315
Ci'iTiiiiida' 315
(Vn-.ipi.litiiii 315
Cir.opin 315,317
aniriria 317,318
fanriata 31.'i, 333
hai<lin);i.|i 323
inrltl'Iia 33:!
M'liil)K<'IIHi!4 31.1, 333
pallida 31.1,333
r.-ilWin™ 315,3.33
i Kflwyiii 317,318
i Huirixala 317
nngeri 315
('iTcopitt.B 316
.alliaccim 310,317
iiiiibratllla . 31f
mm
Page,
Coicyon SIO
terrigooa Slu
Cernialla 43
Curoxyii MO
caiiiiH r>40
Chlllulcllilm 30,604
tili.milHMllnl (QiiiMliiis) 608
Clmiillndi^' 147,140
148 28 550 501 45 650 550 661 224 607 678 581
])r{.4ca
OuiiilioKiiiithufl priatiniis . (MielloHia ampla
«l'
( hornvtiilat
Cliihmin
ninpla
i-P
('Iitnniioro|ilia1a
(.'liiroiiiyza
ClilroiiniuiUiu
Hp.
Oliln niiia 28,578
ilopletus
patou»
septiiH
»P
clilttnndBiii (Phindopamcra).. (-'Illll'llillH
hilicoUia
puiictuliitua
ChloroU'Htoa
OhoerUliuiii
ebcniuuni
hiHtt^ruUlea
670 580 678 581 380 617 517 B17
m
400 400 401
Cluilula 384,380
triKutlata 380
Cliuraf;ii8 405
liitllia 405
Cliryxidni 3D
Cliryrtis 30
(:lii\HobotIiria liaydeni 27
CliryHoiiicHdiu 28,485
Clirjaopa 165, 160, llin, 100
(;lirj 8 )pidH^ 02, 147, 161, 165
Ciinda 294
CiradelKtcaobscunini 295
C'icadula 310
aaxuna 310
Huxnotata 310
cinctff ( Piilaphrodeti) 334
riiictua (D.vHdcrciia) 410
eiiu'lat'ta (Kpeirn) 85
uinttrai'iiiH (Achreatdcoria) 413
cintTcia (Oypoiia) 308
('iiuTcacena (Iladrouenia) 370
c'iiici'ia (Gryllacris) 233
Ciimr 92,09,102
('iti;;rada^ 48
Cixiida 286
CixiilH 278,286
287
287
203
336
339
103
28
363
363
61.62
63,64
66
hcHpcridiini .
])roavus . — rladfldiptvia .. .. ( MaHtoptcra
couiatiicki . .
Clatht-nttiniioa
Clcridai
<>Io8tt'roct)ria
ele^aiia
Cltihioua
arcana
attoimata ...
INDEX.
Gluliioott evema
IllUUlll
latobtnaa
tnlcruithtlmlma
OHt«ntata
aertctm.
toinetitOHA
Clya
Clytlilu
OoccUliu
CocciiicUli.HJ
Coi'CUH
(>(u kt'i'ull) (Kecroubruraus)
C(i-Ii(lia
C(>liiinl>iana
wyoiiihiKt-iiBin
ColfioptiTH
ColU'inbolit
coUipitiiH (Plithinocoiia)
culliHiirt trni'oiliinnlHtua)
cultirai lull Hill (Hodotcrmes)
coliiniliiiu (Araiica)
coltuiibiann (Cn^lUlia)
vniiiiiiixluin (T.ublduioninuO ... corniiioratim (Dcrobnii'bufi) .
foinii)uni» {ralecpliina)
(rrotTupbiuH)
conipactillH (Pifzocoris)
coinpaetUH (OpbryaHtet")
coniMtocki (Claatoptera)
coiiriiintiH (Cyrtonienua)
conditn { Lithomyza)
coiitlxttn ( Uydrobiiifl)
(^(MiiopterynidiL'
Coiiiopleryx
Connrt'pbalubD
CV' Mid M
eopi'i (Lo(Tit«8)
Copboeoria
toi)obri<:oau8
1 Coptucbroimia
iii:niiiim
Cordulidiu 0:
Cureidtt)
Cordna
Coreitoa
Corethra
exita
Corona
Corixft
altnnmta
betlenaii
iininoraa
)iit(!rnii)ta
piu'uata
vauduzetii
Corixidio
Corizida
CurizuH -
abditivuH
celatUH
t»uttatu-i
sniiinurnua
Corydiilitc'H
fi-cumliim
CorydaliiM
cornutua
Corymbitea
ini'diiinua
BplflldcllH
volatUH
725
Pago. I 63
61 I 63,65 I
6(! 63,06 64 63 71 66 241 28 241 407 313 313 313 465 9J, 00 414 422 113 71 313 208 184 328 382 417 477 330 I
451 ;
601 611
02
147
227, 231
6.)6
323
384, 301
391
.184,405
405
, 124, 12-)
342,411
411
411
583
683
411
343
344
345
344, 346
344
345
344
343
411, 432
, 432.433
433
433
433.434
. 433.434
148
149
148
. 149, 152
496
406
490
496
Vane.
dirynitua 71
c'uatalia (Pmoiuphiua) 382
( *i'UHpi-doauiiia 43
i-riueTat ( Drrobrucbua) 180
CialDparla 466
LOiifuHiiH 466
I'luHiia 467
IiiKiibrlH 406
liinatua 466,467
i-t>p(^rtiiH 406
CroophiUiB 507
villiiaiia ."'"
ciX'aaDi) 1 ( Litbotorua) 009
(yi'diilcua 118
CropbiiiH 381
Oryptobluiii ,100
C'ryptocepbalua 486
vomiHtua 48."»
votuatiia 4H5
Ci-yptoenrcua 218
Cryptiiuhroiiiua 384, 4UU
l»tatua 409
C'lypluby piiua 497
planatua 407
tiaio.itriH 497
('ryptopbaijiilii' 501
CiyploT'byucbu.s 471
aliiiuHlla 471
Cti-reacuriH 384, 394
priuii^fUUH 304
Cuciijidiu 501
'-'ulux 582
dauuatui'iiui 582
proavitim 582
Ciiliciibii 28, 582
('urtiuliouidiu 471
Cyclirini 535
Uycbiua 536
anilruwsli 636, 537
minor 637
teatona 635
viiluua 530, 537
wboatloyl 536
Oyc'di'hapba .")39
Oydalima 419,420
robuatua 420
' Cydiiida 430
I Cydiiop.sia 437
Cydnus 435,487
I inainillamia 443
I CvliiidrogastiT 204
I Oyllocoiaria 362
('unatomera 230
niarulata 230
(Jyinliia 374
(^yiniiidia 518
iiiiiel'icaua 518
aurora 618
i Cyniiiida^ 30
I Cyrtidai 503,664
' Cyrtoiiifuus 437, 451
coiu-iuimb 451
(_'yrloxipbua 234
j C'yttai oiiiyia 574
! foiioatrata 575
dalli (Apbidopaia) 264
dauin,atorum (Culcx) 582
Dan.dax 301
Darniistua 421,429
' Daaypogon 665
726
INDKX.
;
niM) puKnnlna iKt
lUvitll (nerancnn) l'4N
lUwiuni (Trlchontk) »IX>
Dei'uloina tW.
anlli|iiB tot
derttniiiHtiiii (EiiKnamptaii) 4X3
■l<K'e|iliini (Anoblum) 49L>
<1<'<M>HAA ( PlmpJA) 61'J
(lecliieratiis ( Hyilroliiiin) OU
(IwrvpiU (TIpiilA) 57«
Dwticlilip 227
IVrt iriia cxKtinrtni 237
ilpro'tiiH (Pai.MUrnilHtiiii) 423
(l4<rONHtlft (TlinilliHtlH) AD
ilcfiini'tii (Sltmlrvpn) 4113
.l.>.i.-.ia (Plf.iBI .'iKO
ili'lvtiia (Kpi|ihanl8) 4»8
ili'Illa (Eppira) .R^
IMplini'lila MS
.'3«lpli«x MS
■eiiilia MS
(lentoni (Oii<»riM!c») .WJ
(Ii'penllla (Scliira) sua
ili'piliH (rrnnixtopla) n<K)
lU'plelns (riitroiiumilA) 571»
I).>prf«.irU (102
r.prhlda 'JTH
Drrmratldn' 2H
I>t'ro!ir«chiiH 179, !8*J
iilMtrm'tiiii IX'.'. 1H3
H'lerniin IKl, IM
cii'niili-DtiiH IH'J, ih:i
rnmninrtitiifi 182,181
rnilwii' IKl, iwl
frigPMCcim ... 182, IMS
limrrif'uM 183, 18.'>
(IfalitillilH ('"tproatlrhin) ''W
deMtriiitui* (PtcHMtichiw) S27
(limii'liix (PLilvmiB) . S31
ilitiiln ilIilirumMa) .MH
tleviitus (Pr<ify<IliUH) 440
DimliHi.lia S08
tiTiiinln .'>98
iliaphnim (Lilliecpliora) :t30
IiinpIcfZiim '2Ht*
nlmiiiiuni 289, .'»n
iMlilttniaiii '.*8:t
«lMli)riiiituin 'JSD, L'ftJ
wcultoriiMi 281), -.'III
nlinnHiitii ... 2H0, 29:i
vfinraliilo 289, 21<1
retrriiiu'i'ijii 289. 2911
IHcif>luA .'i''4
aliitHci'iiN S24
dtlHtntiiH S24
chfllKAttin .'i2'>
piirpuniliiA yii
up .iL'S
DiclirooHrytilB ,'(8'i
Dirrammn i,i SW, 'i?., .''74
priniirivii .'iTii
piibipetiiiiA ^>C>A, S7(i
rotflrata ,171
HtiKnio.^a 5U8
Dirlyiipham 288
Ixpuvci 2«fl
Ilictynpliaridn 286
Ilidilii'iB (120
luiiinriiiii «20
»"liilt>iii-n» B20
DMlunita 71
Page,
DliH-lrIa .163
I)ipliy«a 8(1(1
PIploi-liilii 523
liiiimtiiiwl ,123
iiiiijdr S23
Minlnpiida 43
IMpliTa 28,S,19
Oipli-l'ii rvt'liM-hii)dia S39
1)1 p. ')'» Di'IlitDliaplia ,1(1-
dirDt.i II.itliiiplilHl . 2S8
Dlaoohtiinia 4''7, 4S2
«p 4,Vi
dio.lccta (Si'lcimyca) 6411
dlsjiitHiii.H (Parnpnoriin) IIH
('riioriii.HUH) ,18
diapnrFU (I.iriiniipHyclh') 199
<liH!*jpatu>i iPliilyiiiiH) 521
niHminli'ini luiidinp'r) 224
divi'xiiH (PriH-ydnuH) 440
DofintuH 3U
pMylloidpa 314
Dnllcliiipi'/u .174
DcdiclinpiMlidii' .Wi
Dolldinpim ,1«2
up Sfl2
IldlouiiMl.'a 62
Doliniia 48(1
iniarKlnata 48il
pntiipatica 4811
piinmitnnirt 48(1
pnliiiollia IHl
Hiirlii 48n
dortnitiiim (PtiTOHtli'hiiH) ,V.'(l
dorBuosiiM 1 .inrnnatiiK) .. .. 272
Dnrllirsia 241
|)lil!«iiili.« 48,49,(10.(12
I )ni!*MuH 82
Di.paiii'pli'iyx 104
Divncalin 17(1
iilIaliiT 171)
i-arUonariiiN 47('
iiiipr(-r«Hiii« 4;ti
Ht')ili'iiti-intiHlia 470
I).\f«ij:riim 12,1, I -'(1, 1.7
frfdiriii) 127, 1,10
lakiHii 127,130.132
piu'liardii 127, I3ii, 13'.'
DvHdera (10
DyBdi'li'ilK 4111)
rillrlDH 410
llllicolor 410
I)y»di'ridp« 48, 49, .12, Ol)
l)yli«ida- SI7
enlt'iii (IM-ocmIiiiim) 4r-*
flii-iniiiitii (I'lin-ridiiiiti) 490
Kilylii» liu
liitalim nil
flTiwiin iKpii iiTiia) 180
Eliiphiim ... ,i:i:i, ,131
iiii'iiiilarifl .*i3i
ripat'iiiN .',.'((
t)Hi-aritiH .134
viildirt fj:u
KLiIi'iida' 27,49(1
»p 498
.•l.u,iri.i (('lii»i(rc""ii»i .IB:!
iKllllMSl .... li.-.f)
lKlipr^»aii)iai 294
Elldiplila 297
rt';.'iii«ii« . . 297
P»K«,
KllpMM'IIK 117
tdl■)l^ala (LltliopHlN) 301
idiifi^atii<4 (LatToliliiN) 613
idiiHui* ((^ralopariH) 467
I'liiai'iata ( Aphliliipf'iH) 28.^
En)l>idl)ia 1)2
iMiHTrtun) (Nolotiwla) illfl
I'liiiTlnni (Epidra) 87
Empli.tla 117,6«g
Kiiipiila) 29
Kiit'hnpliora 279
Rii(cipti>li)phi)a 224
Ki)di'i-a(oiiiiiHrngoHiiii 491
Kliriij.tiTida* 23S
KdtiiiitiM 474
primonUalla 471
Kn.vnida' 63
Kcitliiw 3,15
fli'tfann 3,16
i;«tii)Kla 3,19
nnti'Diiala 300
(pilii(|iiiM'ariuata 3,19
Epiira Kl, 70,82
■ '.Mwiiidila 82,81
liiii'facta 82,81
dflita 82,83
.rucrloiil 82.87
fojrcna 82
liraiii/.li 82
nii-.kii 82,83
iriolaHMiea 82
lipaila 89
»p 88,89
lrii«.liflii 82,84
viilcanallK 8^,8(1
Kpidiidin 48, 49,60,7*
Kl. iridinii — 76
Kpliiiiicra 118, 119, 12(¥
t'XflDrca 124
iiiimiiMlla 120, 121
iiiliii'upla 120,123
uiai'ili'iita 120,122
• •.•iiiiim-n^it 119
piiriiii nsa 120, 123
taliillc.l 120
EpliiMMirida- 92,118
I''pli.\drinida' 543
Epiranii. 478
I ll'.nsin 480
"■>aiiinii» 479
urifii'im 478
Haxalilir* 478
Eplphaiiin 498
I'liniiiliiH ... 498
dcl.lin 498
KpipNIM'IIH 117
i;pi>ra 301
KiiMiiiblda! 226
Mrrniortn-is 430
l'!tfH(iidat 49, .12
I'jli:nin* 71
Kridlalin B.18
lapidi'DA 6,18
KrilliiiH 62
Kill 71
Krnlyliilai 602
cniptioiitH (Paladindla) ... . 189
ErylhruniMia 120,137,139
Etinn'MriK 41(),4r>
iiiri'riialiH 426
EllinriliH 384,392
i I
.
I'UKB.
KiivorltPii teroMons 392
EiiiltaKogiis 476
i^mmiiiiii 480
i'X«iilmlii 479
H,ixnlillii 478
tnrroaiiK 476
KiiuiiiiinptuB ail
ilticfiiinBtiiH 482
Kraiiilii'vuii 481
Kuopliryn 62
Kii|>liii'a 125
Kiirlilims oncuUiia 'ii
KiiryiWMiia 4S3
KiirjopuA 71 '
KiirypnnrupnilliliD 9H
Kiirypauropiis 9ri
KiiHiircorlH 46^)
KiiHClilntiiH antiqina 4ri4
Eiitcrmi'n 104,106,111
<:roHtfriiH 105
rcmHnriim 105,114. IIS
■lU'iiilil 105,114,115
olmctirua 105
up 110
EiizonuB 43
Eva^oraH 354
evaiu*«cui)H (Nt^iiionia) 190
evetita (luoci'llia) 180
mnrsa (Cliibiiina) 83
t^vldoiifi (JaHHopHis) 312
eviratiis (Pdlyfi'iilropus) 182
iivocatim ( i'araltim) 54
uvnliiln (Uiina'u) 309
vvulHiiB(Lithocariii) 391
oxniilinutiM (Pai'odnrmiHtua)... 423
IIXHIlillllH (EpIcdTiis) 470
luiwua (Piilycimtropus) 181
exila (Corethra) 6Rt
Kiit.'liis 314,408
('XHnnKiils 408
moli'tmii (Benibldliim) 530
cxwiiiKllia (Exitolus) 408
I'xstirpatiis (Caonlydus) 420
cxHiica (ApluintaphiH) 354
ixHiicca (Eplii'iiicrn) '24
ixsuL'tim (Linyrocorls) 386
r\siilaris (Agiioii) 139
I'xnulatuiii (I'xbidiiromnia) .. 212
oxIi'iniiHatus (Tiiipi'zoiiotns) . . 395
cxteniatim (Litobroflms) 180
pxthicla (Mi<laiintlirip§i 371
ttxlrantMi8(LitlH>c1iroiiiu8) 404
ExyHtou 609
fiDcatua (FuHcUB) 366
I'luculeulus (Ly^ioiis) 377
li'i'uiidiiiu (Corvdalitfs) UU
fiMii'Slrata (Cy ttaroniyia) 575
Kirarusa 301
FioariiBiti'B 301
Hti^iiiatiiuim 301
llcliliH (Clioragns) 465
liiiibi'iata (Litlmpsis) 30O
IhiMiita (Trilxu-bryi a) 172
llabi^Uum (Trosi a'.) 344
tlaf(ida(AKallla) 306
Flala 278,209
Fliitida 299
Klcftia 71
FloiisMintia 293
olegaDS 294
INDKX.
Pago.
fixllnui (Parntermoa) 112
finda (llmria) 432
foliarnm (Ve.,;atumlt«a) 46'J
Fxrohii'lla anniilipiM 202
Korftcula J0»
alblpi'iiniH 203
aiirlculaila... 202,203,211
liulienaia 202
iiilimr 202
mlimta 202
parallcia 202 ]
priiiiit(u>ila 202
recta 202 i
FnrHciilarla probleniatioft 203
Forllculariin 202
Formica 618 ,
iircana 618
Foriiiicbbo 30,610
fitHHAMiin (Eiitcrmofl) 115 :
foHHlllH (PaluMithrlpa) ... 373
IVaitim (PteriMllibiiH) 527
f'raKmcnIiini (llfliiibldluiu) 531
frodericll (D.NSiinrlon) 130
froiiiontll (PnicilotansilH) SO,!
frl|ie»i<>n» (Dcnibrochiia) 185
Fiiluora 284
Uraiinlcsa 284
obtlceHCpnn 285
popiilata 2S4
Fiilgorida 270
FuluoriiiB 278
fundi (Thainuotottlx) 310
FuMii* 364
tiiuttlua 365
OaliTiicBlla 485
niarltliiia 185
l)icfa 4K5
OalKulidii? 101,347
Kaiiiietll (Tbamnotcttlx) .109
gni'diiiM'i (LithocbroiiiuH) 403
1 Gar;;apliia 3.')!(
I Gea krantzil 82
, gelkiel (KlilpipborUH) 4!l
f;elatuH ( PatrobuH) 530
exlldtlB (PtiToatichns) 527
Geocnrliia 381
GbocoHh 38 t
int'crnornm 3K1
GcophiliiH 4:1
G.Tai.con 24(,21H
darlaii 21.'(
pctrorura 248, 240
348 321 290 211 533 iJ31 505 013 613 .19'', 597 692 592 .592
727
Gerrla
giRnntoa (Petrolyatrn) ...
(Plannphlcbia)
gil lerti (T.abidiiri)iiinia)..
glacialirt (I.oriceni)
({laciatiiiu (I!embidiun)) . .
Illaciatiis (niwliiis)
Glypta
transver.^alirt
Giioriato
apicallB
dcutoiii
mo^arrbilia
Goiiipbida' 92,125
Gomphoi'crus 223
al>8tniHuii 223
fiMiioralis 220
Gom;>lioideH 125
Paiw.
(loiiiphua 126
Goiiatna 896
GiirKiipla 63,68
KimliitonalH (Ni'cnicydniia) 448
Orii.a 76
Rrandaiviia (EiiKuamptua) 481
lltaiiulcmt (FiilKora) 284
gravatiia ((,*armt'luB) 364
Krarida ( l.liiiui'a) 390
({ravldatiirt (TliliiiimoaobUtua). 463
Gryllacrldldai 232
GryllacrU 238
charpciitlerl 233
olni'rla 233
iiiiKori 233
GryllidiH 234
(iiylli)talpa 234
Grylliitalpldm 235
Grylliia 234
Kulnaa (Ili'cria) 431
gutlahiH ((!ui'iziia) 434
(I.itliyiiiiictoa) 229
(juyntl CIVllii!' .^) 78
(tymnet niii 471
leculitcl 471
totPi- 473
Gypona 307
clnercla 308
OyroptuL'na 509
aaxicola 600
vinula 600
I Hadroiicnia 370
ctliBrfiHCClla 370
I bai;enll (ParuttMniCH) 110
buldoiiiaui (l>iaplc){ma) S89
Ilab^Hxiid 192
ball! (.Platynus) 520
Italobaton 361,363
Ilalometra 3B0
llillys 4.'-.3
Hammapti'ryx 208
rctliMilata 298
^ bnrgori (Apliidopsia) 262
llurmoatitcs 432
Uarpactor 354
Ifirpoct'ra 302
bai 'til (Platynus) 522
ITaHBoltidcrt 15
lIiMda 430
liida 431,432
uubwa 431
lapldii.Ha 431,432
Ililiotlirlps 371
lli'lumy/.idii! 547
nelo])hi1u» 558
Ilflopborufl 510
liuiatiH 511
rijri>sc6nM 51 0
Hcabor 517
tnbcrculatua 517
Ilemirnbidni 92,140,161
llemildbina 92,161
Hnuin-nliius 147
U.Miiiiitcra 238
bcnsbawi (l)iplnehila) 523
helltzii (Totbiiuus) 80
bi-ro« ( Peti oly stra) 322
llcrsilioidw 49,1)2
bcspcridnm (Clxiiia) 287
boHterua (TitanoDoa) 09
126
INDEX.
; r
I'llllp.
IIi'l>'i(iiiiiinl« 'in
IIi'tcruiiitalrliM a74
]lt>ti>ritiiinm O'J
llntomiiiyift Ml
ilclpiU MK
ai'iilllit m
ill'llTlipllll-llIk I'.'.'l
lli>l.r<>|iti'n> a;in
liiiiili'l iPlut.vniiii) D2<>
Illpiiiiii'iiit iiicliiniiitlotua '.'34
HlrMKiiii'tii'iiliiv '.'U
liimiitH (AiToceritt A63
lli«ti'iiilii' ?«
IliHtoiMMiii n'<
H(Hli>ti>rfiM>ii IU«, 1(111. n:i
I'oliiradi'niiia luS, 111
liulilliiKcri lO.'i
liriM'tTUit lOft
Ilojcliiirpn I7:i
Hull iir|i« 147, I7:i
luncillcmil 174
luilmpMll (I.initu'tt) :u)7
IIoiiialolM r>iilt
TfteirtA WMi
Hotllntll'llllllt ItiiJ
HiMnii'ii);iiiiiia 217
vi-iilriima ItlH
lliiiiiiipe.tii 2.10
llnptum»rlill!«. 302
IIurmiitriiH .. 467
partltiin 4«7
li.Viiliiuiiii (I.ltliiicriDU) !.')'<
livilltiH.'^rioplhlil} r)<.l7
Ilyilriili«li(l:i' .I.V)
lIvdrnliiiiH ."ill
i-niirUiin 511
ili'iiiiKratllH r>ll
filM-ipcn .Ml
llytlrorliiiH .'iI.^
ninii'tiin .Mft
reli''tiin ,1lti
HnlMilpr*<iiit sifi
H\<lr-iiri)(>ii:t :i.'>i
HMlri.pliiliiliiv 27.SI0
llMlii>|'liilil!i 27
liydi'DpiiA iMniH'n) 553
Hyilrf>pi4\i')ii« 170
tiiiiti-flm IHH
»>|HTta IHO
llMlr»p!<\i'hlilii< B'J. 177, 170
llMlriipliliihi- 0'.', 177
llyKruln'cli'lH ;t5i
ri-niiijiri 3.'r_»
Btftii :i.',|
llylaAlt'H 4tit<
HqiiHlidcnn 4(;h
IlylobiiiM 47:1
niDfiiNiin- 47;(
pit'lvoi-iiH 47.1
pniM-i'iim 47:f
llyiiiiniipl.ia 31', 001
Ily|Hjrlir>Nu ifio
II\|H>cliiii'a 010,017
cdilili-raU 010
II\IiNfloiMrtilll 411
1 1 )i 111*11 iiKiii tm«
pi'iriiiiiN tioh
Irliitf-iiriHinlda- :«». oom
l<tiiiUH 12.^
MuiiMiia 02 I
liiihni'lllU irroli'iiiirl 4'J4
liiilii'i illiH iMi'niiliiiwhiiiil IKU
iiiiiiiirKii (<'i.ii\m SW
I iiiliillH iKpliciiirral 131
lnipri«<u» (DryiiiiitKiil 470
liiaiiiiiMiii i.\iiiliniii>la) MH
llii :ipii\ li'liKiiiillal 401)
Ind Ilia (I'Miiii'iiiiildunl iM
iiiiliiiivMi'iiii (TiriMolilittiiii) 4KI
liidiiiiia ,. lli;i
lalniliK* nn, lut
liiliuloHa ion
iiiPipiiiIlK ( rrllmilin Ml 170
liiiTiiiiH iTaiialiidi'^i 397
inl'i'iimlix (KUriKiillnl 430
Miriiiiiiniiii ((ii'uriirlal IIHl
iiir-'iiMiiii (I.aliidiii'niiiiiia) 214
luui'im 1 1 Tilaiiii ral Oil
iiiliililiuH il'aiudai'iniatiia) 4'.'4
liiiHillia UO, l.'>4, IM
i'ilU'''ia 15.1
ivi'iiia ITifl. lim
■iiiiiiiiili'iita 150, l.'i7
liiiiiilliilit 150. l.*.«
vi'CiTiiim 150
iiiMi'iiata il'.iliM'pliiiiiii 3'jii
ill>iit:uii il'aiiili'iiiii-Hi liiH
ilinliilMlii l.\|:alllai 307
Ihlrii'iiipla iKphi'iiiiTUI 1'.'3
llili-rnlatialo (l.alliiidiiiitii) 60*1
iiili'lila i.Viiypliii iial 67
iriiiiiil.iiiiH iPii>1\;;mmiii) 400
iliiliiil.ilU lllhipliniii) 534
iralaphniili'M) 335
iHiia 314
1» liiiiirliyiii'liiia ;igi
Uiiptil«'liia I'ii
iHsiila . •j7((
iHMlla . H()7
rilliilm 43
IlllllH 4(
aiillipiDH 43
HaliulimiiM 43
tidlliatiM- 4t
ti-rii^MtriN 43
Ixmloa 47
tirtlariiiit 47
Ixoiliila. 47
.laanida ;o»'j
.laN^idiM* ;m»2
Jii.'.-dpiilit 312
v\ idwim 312
•la,«i.ii» 302, 30H
lali-lilii' 3(i>*
Hpiiiii'iiriiiH ;i()rt
.liiiiipi'riiH riMiiiiiiiniN 4itH
Jiivi'iiii I Kli.Mi.sa) floil
lalialiiH I N'ecriH'liruniiiH) 4i)7
laliftar'a ( lMir\ ;;ailiM( 107
lalii-li'* 1 1'.iliiilllluiiiiiia) 214
Liiliia liiiliiir '202 ,
Labidiini 204
lilhiipliila 213
iipatia 200,210
till ill la 20D
I,.ilmlii iitiiiiia '20.1
avia 206
liMrinalini '203, 'JUO
('uiiiiiii.ttuiii 2U5, '20H
I.altldutiiiiiiiia I'XHiiUluiii
KilliKill
iul'lillllllll
Ulxtiia ,.
litliiiplilliiiii
rlalf
"P
iHrliarliiMi
l.aci'iililim
idiiiiKiiliia
l.ai'iiiplilliiH
itiiu'iilimiia
•P
laK-rophryn
laihlaiii (lliilliniinlrriMuiiii)
LiirliiiiiM
pi'tiiiriiiii
I|III'HIII>11
Ia*'iin (I 'iipHitn)
lai-iiiiiphlii'iiN
la' vi(jal im ( I'Iitiihi lihim)
laki>Hil {ny>aKriiiii>
lanilimniiii (Hrariiii)
lanuiifiia iProiTiipliiiiHl
liiiiiziiidiiM iPliililitiN-uria)
lapidariiH ( PnlinHrliUtilH)
lapidi'Hi'i'ii: ( l)\ iliimi'iipiiH)
lapidi'iiH (Kllnlalln)
lapldiiHa (lli'tti-iai ...
lapHiij* tCaralydiiH)
lai-vala (.Karliiia)
l.aHinpli'i a
ri'Cr.-iaA
LaniiiH
tcrri'iiH
liiHHa (ShrnaplilH)
latidira- I'laatiiiH)
lalrliroHa ((vliiliional
Latrriurudir
Uilh mill mil
allirl'HMIIIll
i-tniit:aliiiii
Uiaiido
iiiii'ij^lacialM
I.aliiidia
laliuiiin (I'aralliml
Lcliia
li'i'iiiit^'i (Oviiiiintrnii)
Ifi-l il.ynlral
I.i'i^^ioti'iipliiiri
patriarcliii'ii.H
Lrpiiliii-yrtim
1.1 pidiipii ra
I.i'piHiiia
plalyimra
Miri'liaiiiia
I.i-piNiiia(idii'
l.i'ptiililiirlillH
liit»»ilH
i.i'piiM iiidii' at:,
1.1 liKiplili'lila
1,1'ptosri'liil
I.i'ply>iiiiu
I..-M... 128,
i-oloiattin
irla
IrlK'ilHla
llirra
priHiniM'
viriiia
li'Hii'iiril (Oryctaphia) .
!'•;:■'.
20.1, 'il3
'2ll\311
. 20.1,^14
. '205,314
'2U», 213
•205, '207
214
'203, 20U
B19
SI3
517
517
617
007
lot
213 340 250 3<W 503 521 132 S06 383 415 461 305 56i) 432 410 145 000 000 018
eiH
2.VI
308
65
.505 605 506 606 JMNI 216 E.) 613 471 283 607 607 100 ■211, 002 102 102 102 0'2, 102
170, 1 87 187
177, 101 118 411 •2'23
126, 1'27
r2e
127 127
rj7
r27
127 •267
\
Ii'tnliix (Orv|it<irlminiiiii) 400
li'tliti'iin iMt<Miiltr<M'lmi*) IHK
liillmiuli UK (I'hlhliiiicurla) 418
WwiM (Aititllla) 30S
MIhiIIiiIii 129,121)
»|i un
LIlM'lliillilii' »3, I2MJ(1
Llbc'lliilliiit 02, 12ft, 12e, Uft
Lllmiiilii 2M
Lllp.vlli.'liiih 2B
liKiiliiH (I'lilldmlilHlim) 461
lllfiiltuiii (Aiiiililiiiii) 402
LlKynx'iii'ln 3B4,:i»ft
i'XHiH;tiii4 :IH.^
lliiil|I<'iiuii (Mji(ii)uachlrttiii) 4(l<)
Mt >\miIUIii' 3,10, !I4U
Lliiiniilili:» 311
Liiiuioi-liiirt'H 47
Hiitl<|Uiin 101, 347
I,iiiiiiii|ililllila' 02, 177. 17H, 102
I.lMiiio|ililliiin 874
Llmnoplilliin 10.1
MOporHtUH 103
Liiiiiiii|trt>'clin lOH
(llnpirnit 100
LiiniintrtL-hiiH 3ftl
liiiiiiHiH (ThUbuoioiiUH) 4ftO
Uiiiiuii 384,30(1
aliiilllit 307,30«
carii'ialu 3»7,3»ii
I'VoUitii . .'107,300
gmvlilii. 307. .1110
IkiIiiichII ;i07
liiiliiDiiil 307
I.liiV|iliiii «1, 71,75
i-hi'int(-unt)ia "(I
lalciiMU 7.'>
KlttCllHirt 7."»
L.nini-tiipiini til7
piii^iiu 017
I.irtlKiJinliiH 474
inuratdH 474
I.ilhuiliilhiips 372
vt'ttiKta 372
l.illia;;! inn 1 2.'). 120. 127, 134
liviiliiiuin 127. l;(.j
uriiliraluiii 127. 13.~i. 130
I.il hapliis 214, 2.'i7
iliriita 2.^8
I.ilhi'iphiiia 320
iliuplianit 330
imirata 330,331
Heti>Ei'rn 330
llllicolor 330,331
I.iltifibiiiri 43
Lithia'liniinim 384,402
I'MniiirllK 403,404
|;ai'iliitj|'i 403
iiiorhiariiiM — 403,401
oliatrii'tiiH 403
LitlliMiilii 3«4,;i0«
^■VlIUu^ 301
I.itll(iiri,\/.a 000
iiimlita twi
liiliopliilnui (La)ii(liii'oiiiiiia).. . 21.3
I.illiiipnvna 5«II
tiiniiilla 500
I.illiiipsiH 1 . . 200
I'lolicalft 300, 30 1
liiiiliriata 30(1
Litliorialia 540
INDKX.
MlliDrliillH pl«lu
I.llhiitiiruM
(■i-()aw>iil.
Lltll,VIIIIM«tl>H
tfUttllitlM
LItdliriH'liim
<ul«rimiu»
LoboHtniiin
I.a€rlt«ii
IMI|l«l
hiiblliiui'il
Hp.(i«'eii<pl.l>I.IO.FI|{.IO|.
whItBl
LoiMlHtU
KI'UlfllhllKUuA.
IH'Chldlltulll
■iliiiia
Lcicimtai'lHi
729
Tiitfo. Ml
tiOlf ttOU
•jirt
17t), 1H0
iwi 32:i ;i2:t
M»
LuciifttltuH iiinrulata.
Loiu'liii-ii
Ht'iirHemm
viiifliiuliri
l<ont')iifii)ii-
IniiKinvii (Aiiliii'notcniiti")
l.1>IIUi|Mllpl
lon^rj|H'N (Orthrioi'Oilmi) ..
I.n|i]tllu
LttpllO^lllHHIIfl
LoplinnntiM
L<>plin|it(lii
I'OpUH
Lorii-uni
niTult'Hccnii
(lt'<'finpiiiictntiv
Ulll('illliF4
llltllHli.
rorU'iMiiii
Ijixiindi iiH urIidiiM
liititriii (AplililopMiNt .. . .
liitiilii'4 (KclytiiH)
liiiviislrt (OlianiH)
tlltlMlM (l.l-ptnlH'lKtllUH) ...
tiiln>'i( iLorirria)
liilosiM ( Aiiit3lunc()ii).
LyruMuiilu'
[«.vctOf(iriH
triieniH
Lvpi'jiria
l..vnifiili»*
L.vnu'iiiii
I.ypritiirt
LVKii'11'1 ■
rironh'iitUH
llllltilUH
tllt.HiilfHt'CIIH
Htubnitiis
Lyjiim
I-yHtia
h'vi
lic-hardHuiii
Maciiria
inaecr (TIiHIxhihmuih)
iniU'uriatUH (< 'iiro^chistUH) . iniu'ilfiita (Kplh'itK r.t) .. . nmri't>MC('iis ( klit'pOL'tii'iH). .
Maci'Mi'cdtr.is
iiuiL'ii'iita (('yniatoriiL-rii) ..
d'al'^' plun-a)
lUACuhma iliiilcorpu)
•::v*
ZW. 2 12
■_':i2 i;rj
234 227 B3U 530 I 530 630 615 575 430 302 520 43 278 302 633 .133 533 r>33 533 534 .V27 203 014 288 187 533 270 40, 52 361 361 376 342, 374 374, 375 375 370 370. 377 370 370. 377 370 302 28J 282, 283 282, 283
02 4.'! I 450 122 427 007 230 320 174
r»K«.
MnliU'iMliirniaU 28
niuiiilllaiiiiit (I'riw.v'lniia) 443
iiittni n (S<t|(iiMy/.u| M3
niiti'liiiii (Oiiptiivhruniiia) 406
Mitiitldi 301
iniirvftiiH (HydiapHvrhi*) 18U
iiinri^ltliiN (Ui'i-obrochiiN) IHA
inHr|{»riiiii ( AplilcliipHln) 264
iiiHi'viUKl (Hulrcpbiirai 317
iiiuawiiciiii I ( Aki'Ioii) 138
MttlU'oai IiIhMih 45:1,450
UnilKDiiii* 4A()
iiiiiiulll(Ki>t«iiiii>K) 116
Miti'iKwphiilii 4.M, 450, 464
»p 464
iiiKi'kll (Rpeini) 8S
MeKuIuiiiiiH 164
Mt^UiHiplMirn 62
Mt'laiiotbrlpH. 371
extlucta STl
Meliililai 28
MiMiibrucUU 302
Moaubrnrhiin 170, 188
Iniliinllliia 188,180
b'Uiasua 188
Mvti'oriia 007
Metlcibati'a 353, 3.'i;i
U'lernulia 353
M lort'ly tnirl» 418
Micromiia 147. 103
liirtua 105
Mliriivelitt 340
Mb'i'vphniitea 70
M Idaaldii' 20
Mlloala 565,557
ipinilrata U7
niiuliiia iJUiopocoria) 420
iiiiniir (C'ycbriiH) 537
MirariA 302
Milla 361, ,162
Mizallft ,51
MiHMiioHyiio torriMitiilft 203
Munaiithia 357, 3,58
(|iia(lriiiiaciilat« 3.'>8
VLitHroa 359
woinU 358
Monupblebiia 241
puiinatua 212
Bliiip1i!X 242
Morcldlldaj 28
Munuuliu'oidea artietilatiia ... 148
iiiortaUMl'ablduruniinn) 207
liinrlU'iiia (Palluptcril ,540
iiH>rluariim(Litlioebr(>inua) 404
m»t'tiiallu(Paui-iulia) 003
iiiiil'liliia (OxyKonila) 406
iiilldKi'l (Aicbiliiehnila) 247
iiiiiltlH piuoan CCy I biila) 221
niiirala (LittiBcpbora) 331
iiiuratiirt (I.i.strnittttna) 474
MtiHCti 551
aacaridt-H 551
bib»na 552
liydrupii'U 553
«p 553
vinculata 554
Muacirtw 20, .551
iimtilata (Thninnotettix) 300
Mutillida< 30
Mycetuphila .588
ocoultatfk 588
730
INDION.
Pajtr '
M.rr«lii|ili;ilda< SM. IW
•11 .MM
M yi'cil ifl UH IMI3
bliKitiilna 'Ml
MII|Illllll|l«lllllll MJ
M.\c)<|.ulmrlit U:i.:i»4
M\ml<wlihiit 87«.9U
SM
4S
U7
n
«IS
(11.1
;io.«i''
■ ID), \m
M>"l"»
M vriHptHU . .. . M>riiiiOt4tii ... Mvntii*li*<intUift. M>riiili'»
"P
M.\rnilol(1ii'
Myiilii('l<loii —
Nalililii-
NunlliiK'lii
Iiir|ilila ....
N'liiicoriilH'
.Ncl>ri»
pAllKltlielM . UhllllTlll .
33»,M0,;Ul
■J.'4
■::*
ii;i»,3to. U7
.'..12
M'l
.'J'.'
.VfrrorhriHiiuH S**4. 4«rt
••...■ken.111 4(KI,4in
luhiitun iti6.un
MtlHnm «im.40T
N'l'crm-yilmii* 437,44.'!
iitii>£(iiitiii 414. 44fl
lEoniiiit'iiiili 44*. 444
ieviM|u« 444,44k
Mnlor. 444,447
williLltuil 444.447
myiliua 444. 44«
t(ii|>eiiii 444,444
TiilcmitUM 444
.Ni.cri>|w>IU •.•7.%'J7t)
ri;;iilii 276
.NVcy|I"i>iii* •147
niliiiiiliiiuji 34K
N't'liiinliiiiiii Hit
.S.imitiM im .'rtW
Ni iiiuliluH 'J.'M
l*rllaritiii 2^i.'i
vjltatua 2J&
NrolhiiiK-M M5
tentl'IlN M'l
\o|iliilii 51, 52, 7(1. MB
Ix'llliutiliefl H!)
)ilulllipc'rt 1H>
.N.-piilii- ;i3«,340
du-j
IMI lUtl IWI IU7
•1
278
\.|llUlllll
Ni'urwnrU
Nfiiri)ui»
t-viUifHceiin
ii-iii iiljdi
Mi-iiiirAMi iutu
N'«Miriipl«'ra
iti;;r» j.-^tt'iiovflia/
iii;:miiii ll'l«T>i|lli^llia)
Nill.hlliila- 27, 41(9
rtnitoiii (TaioitiiH) ih)4
Nii-o,liiiilriin ri9
(rKjiMiiii 4!»l»
tiriiiolnr IW
Ni.lliiK'ljryna 147, IM. I(U*. |i;'.l
flllviripA lliU
Ni>(j|>liiliiiii .Vl;i
.Viplniicrtil 344
iriiiTaunl 844
^°uloul'C'llUa^ 340
Nyc'lophyUi 27U
iililrri 270
vlull a7H,2M)
Nyniphallilw 211
NyiiiphrN .. 147
Ny.lHn 377
■trttliK 3711, :iMi
(•rrw ... 37«,:i7ii
Irltiiii 378, 37»
vn'iil* 37M
rluvliia 37)1
nliilnniiitMiu (l)l»pli<iiniiii 'M
•ilKliiinliiH ( I'll liiiciial 7(
olill<|Uii 4 l*ulaplttiMl«.N) 8,14
iililKi'iMlii (llvpiiilliiiiil.... — itia
iiUllulilliln (riid'Krhlillia) 4.'>M
tiliHi'iii'U (Pul.ipliriHli'4) 335
ohMilfriM'dii* (I 'iipMlltf , . ,. 348
oliHiilrNrrr.* I [.\ Ull'llK) 377
■ibiuilxtutii (SiiiphylliiltiM) .. AlU
ithHtrlcdM il.illiiH'lininmal 403
uli(i« la ( IVllliiiiiiiiil •'UII
iili(ii'<>>4ft*ita (K'jltforal 2.i1
iHciillaItt (Mti'ctoplillill 6ni<
iH'i iiltiiniiii (Diapli'KiiiH) 201
Oi'hyriiciirla 241
Oiypctc M
Oiliiiiatii 0.', I.'4
OiliiiitiH'ifrdni 101
(KraiKhiia 2;i4
(Killp<Ml» 2J3,2-ri
i'ii*ruliw«*iia 224
(lailifH 224
^eriiiai'l 324
I .liililiKiTl 224
inrlaiiriNtli'U 221
iiii:riil'a«i'liila(4> 22», 221
a-li)li.£clii«ia 224,22.')
pca'lnt-atil 2.'-'>
iKdipiKllilu' 220.23.1
<KH(ri<la' !tH
(Km run y<9
(Jliarilia '203
(erri'iitiila '.;o:i
Oliuriia 2M7
lutnnaia '.'km
Oiiri 74
iinmiylHria 3IIJ
iiiiciitylua 342
■ipt-rlu I llyilriipayrlli') IHU
MptTlaiiiMini ( riii'riillniii) 73
Ophiy:i»H"t 477
fiiii-rt'tia 478
• 'tiiiipiu*tU'< 4i7
upiliDiii'H 45
Dpiiitliiiphylax 50
iip>i,<i'ttia :i5,'>
( irliil.'Uria' 411, 74
Orrhi'litnlltli 231
('(Kit inniiin 231
placiiliiiii . . . - '231
(Irsillaiia 378
():lailil,i 29, .'40
lllll 1111,1 MK>
(llllic.plil.l.i* 1T2
drill. ip- 3<)2
(lillH'pti la 2(M
Oriliorliapha H2
OrttiiiocoriHa 410, 4'.'0-
loiigipca 43U
OryoUpbU 344,'J(UI
liwiirurll 044.24;
ii'i'iiiiillla 24(1
Oryi (imclrlctca |irutii|{«'iia . 2H
Oamyliia 144,147,141, 142
pIctMa 1(12, 143
ri'ipililiia loj
iMd'iilata ii'liihliina) 4.1
ii«lciieii« il'ii'i'iliicapanai 340
(MIorliyiK'lililu' 47,^
(Itliirhyiirliiia 4711
I (liililiia 477
IM'nIiliia 174
aiilratiia 477
liiiiilui' 477
iiiiatali'tl I rniii 4H7
ovale i.Viiiililiini) 4DI
(Ivycaii'iiliia ;|81
Oxyi'iiniiN 4(M
iiKirdiiia 404
<'»VI'"rii" 505
"tirUciia S(i,^
Ot\h'liip« ftidi
pilatllma. 6(i;i
rii((»"iia iMii
i'llcliynirla 4;|.^
t'ailiyiiiiTiia 3(14, 4U0
raai'lallla 307
pi'daiiaia 401
piik'Mliia 3B7
I'ncliypnylla vi.l
I'acliy (yliiM 221
|iai karilii iDyMiitrliiii) 132
I'aladii'i'ila 170,188
inipi Ionia ion
I'alaiM'liivaa 147,144
'<tri(la 144
I'lilii'iM-iirlH 411
rahi'iiiliclydpti'ra 103
r.ilii'dlhripa .173
Ciixallln 373
r.ihidvilia 318,340
NpiMiHa ;t40
rjilapliiii lea 3;i:i
ciiMla s:il
irnniilaiU 334, 3;i.'>
oliliipm .'134, :Ma
"liaiiiia 3.'l4,:i3.'i
(raiiavurH.i .134. 3.'I0
Pillcrphiira 3-J4
ciiinlliuilia 324, 32N
iiiiii'iiata 324, 3'.>ll
iiia(-iila(a .. :i'j(t
iiiarvinei 3'2rt, 3*27
piilirai(a 320,327
pravaliiir. 3'.'ll.3'2y
I'.lli'lllhollH llnlitrcMIH *20
pali'ciiK-laa (Nc)ii'i.i) ... .'i32
I'.iliiiKi'liia IIH. 110
ffiadiialllt'li. 119
Palliipt.™ 5411
iiiiii'lii ilia .'>4i>
palii(lii:('iia I Ti I' '•j 1U<I
p.illliliv.(;::k 1 lltil,.|ilial 501
r.iiiiira * 3H5
I'aillTlliatfiil.r 220
I'auurpa 147,172,173,170
(triK ilia 174
iitMitatoKaatcr 175
ritiiaa rn
i\
INDKX.
781
TitnorplcliB n, 147,171
I'uiiiliillmlla SIA
KiiiiMuri'l 216
liiiulli Inn ( IVIniiilinuliUI) 9SJ
l>iinil\Krm .. 1119
I'lininililla IWI
I'i'llliulllll'll tu'i I
vi'HlIU Ml i
I'.iniKiin 5'J,U I
(IVlM'BtllM Ki,M
Irilllittim e3,M
ri'niirri'Ctnit 611
riiroiliirinlntiiM ... *l»,i'il
iiliHi'laniin 4'il,4'i2
niiliii'iiH 4'J1,49'J
ioIIIhuh... m.iTJ
iMnUiH.. 43l,4'i:i
I'miiiiuiiiliiii 411, 4^9
liilill.ltiiH 421,414
I'lirolaiiil iriiilln 18
r»l'll|l XMIH 117
illN.lumilUH 118
I'ltriili'iiiii'H IM
rudiiiii' ioMoi,iii
Imilimll 10M0M,1I0
lll«lKUiil 109,101*
liiinlliiH (IliirniiHciiH) 407
p.il'VilH (ThlllminoliiiH) 440
p.ili riictii ( l*iili'i'|ili(iru) :I27
|iii(<-tiH (Chlriiitiiiniu) AHO
li.itrliircliiiMin (LuiHt<ilr>i|ihu8) . . It07
riilniliiia lun
llclntUK miu
Hrplciiltiniili* B,tu
I'liiiriipiilik OH
pnili'i (rii'i'iit) 118.^
I'.liiliiiiH ao
I'l'lo^^diiiiH ,"(47
I'l'inpliiKliiii' 249
Punipiil)2uii ... 2411
lii'iitiiillpi'ii (N'i'plilla) eu
pc'iiiiiiliiH (Ari'lilluolinliH) 247
ri'iiUtiiiim 4:iS,4.M
IVulaliiiiitdu 45:i
ri'iiliiliiiiililiK 342.4:i.'>
ri'iitiitoiiilli'H 4511,4(11
I'olianiiii 402
rt'iitlKMi'iii HiiiiilkiiiiitM'iiu .'in:)
liurdlliiH (illiiirli.Mii^ljiia) 476
ptM't'iiiplur* (riiv.iii-oriH) 417
]M'i't'iiiiatim('ritliltonit'iiiiH) 4Su
peril iiH (Pii>/(M-ori(4) 417
roi'linii 02
IVtaliu i:>.-,
IN'talui 1 i2.'i
p.'trii'ii.^ (r.iihiiiuroria) 416
pfln-iiHis ([*ur)i\ riinni.H) 4((i
prtrciif* { rMibttiiiuiiUH) ... 44;>
pt'triiiiiH (U'liih'uiiioii) ouH
IN^ti'ol.vHtiit 31J)
j;i;:iiiiti'a — ;t2I
hcros 321,322
pi'troruin ((irraiu'oii) lUO
l'liaii.i'ii.H 481)
ulltii|lliH 480
culliit'i'X 4M)
pint" 4811
I'liaiii'i iiplna vil ilatu 227
I'IniHiuiila 211)
riii'UoUa 480
liruiiHn 409
r«K<i. 1
I'hniiolla liinitpAi 4IW
I'lilillpptlil 111,63 1
l'lilth>ilni>i 6tl i
prlinaru 611
«P . 611
PlilliHlrniiilnai 40,66
I'lillMKBiiln IM, 128,136 |
IMilln'nrKux IIT
I'liliii lU 436
I'lildMtftliiiiN, 401
IMili»i>lliilp« 371
I'hriKlcipaiNi'ra 884,368
I'hllti-nili'Ul 388,3i<U
wllmtiii :iHH
Plir.V(J»iii>ii 11)7
aiitli|Ui> 178, lUk
lilumll 17H, 101
iMiiuiiilaiiii I0:i
UiTanilliiiiu 11)3
tininillii IU8
li.vpi rlHiri'u 81
Ulixrai'lit 11)7
nilniro.i lUI
opiiitit ... 18U
I'lirjKiihhlai 81,177, lU.t
l'hr.viilila> 4.'i
nithlljiii'iirln 413,411
c'liillKutiiii 411
laiiKniiliiH 414,4I.'>
li'lliaiKii'iia 4I4.4I,''>
p«liiiiii« 414,410
I'li.vllouliicliuiliki'arcliii ;i,'i7
I'liylliiphiiriila^ 227
rii>llupt<ra 234
I'liynialiiliu 220
I'liyaapiiilfH . 371
I'liytociiiaila 302
I'liytw'Dila 301,302
lii>'ij|iiiii.'< :io:i
Pliyt<>ptiiMaiitli|iiua 47
piitttdialiiiiii'lla) 4hS
piiaalLitliurtaliit) .^ill
IMeriliiu 2!)
I'li'Hlna Xi7
I ol Hilda 3,18
I'lfJiKorin 412,410
cunipactilin 417
piTi'iiiptuii 417
piTltllH 417
I'iiiipla 30,610
dcccHHu orj
iiistigatiir 012
aaxoa oio
"iiiiuitt oil
pinituc iLiuiiiiMupiiln) 017
I'ipuiirulida- y,i\
I'lrate.s 34
I'iralUia ;i,-,4
plai-atiiH (Tt'tmiHcliiatiiM) 4.'j7
phu'idlliii lOrchi'llniiliiil 231
lMa){i<>);nai Imila 302
IMaiiiptiiinia 02,140
I'laiiowplialiis 04, 08, 347
asflliiidt-H 01
riaiiciplili 111 I 290
txi)£)ilitea 200
I'ltttyciH'iHis 126,127
aiitiipia 127
icanin 127
platynii'ia iLcpianiii) IU2
IMatyiiiBils 3M
Plutjniii Ill
ril'aiiH . , Ill
■ aiiuii Sit
(TDiilittrlittiw 618,620,611
di'iiui'tiiii .. S'JI
dUnipaliiii Ul
lialll 630
liiiillil 631
lilnili'l fio
rulirlpen 619,630,611
•el»'« 618
Tiirlulaliilt 619
I'latypi'tidiK gj,^
''I"''" 61.1
<l<\l<"''i' .... 6H
l"'»l'l lis
■iiiillkamoiilill MS
I'lii'ai'iina gm
''l"li"'ii 881, 3,M
I'lHlaniliiii 12.1, 120, 127, 12H, 133
uliorllviiMi 137,134
iiiacropim 134
Podiira ^^^^ 100
Ptidiiridat 03
PtiM-ilocapNUH 8S5
I'rc'iiiimiil sgs
iiiii.iliiliH au
iwtHiiluii 363,308
t»lil'l"" 306,308
vetni ttiidiiH SOS, 300
vi'lcinioiiiiK 366,307
''"""■•'■I* 378,178
I'lilliiiiiylii ftgj
ft'"' 656
IViIIihc'IiIhIiih 46.1,400
lapldarliiii 400, 401
IIki'Iiih 400,401
I'cilinlvn 30
l'cil.\ecMiliiipn«.. 177,180,181
MviraliiA 183
"XI'HIIH 181
I'lilyc'lcma 341
rdlyduHiiiiis 43
I'cilypluwi 217,218
I'olyxi'iiiiH 43
piiinpatir.) (I)iiiiacin) 480
Poiiipilaliu 30
PiiDi'i'iiliii , 30
popiiliita (FiiIj{ora) 284
liortiniialla (.ScltMleH) 101
rotaniantliiiH \\s
PotcHChlntilH 493, 4,'i8
uhiiiitiiliih 4,';g
pra-fiii-ata (iKilipiifla) 226
praiHtriutuiii (.Vpnrciiiai 370
pi'ii-ttM'ttM .Rhepm-uriM) 427
pra-valtiiiH (I*alt<fp)inra) 3J8
( Ulii'pui'iii'is) 427
pi'i'Oill-Hiir (AplitiiliiiH). 488
prima (Ca npMyjla) 277
piliiiii'ViiH (Philliyilnin) 912
priiiii);i'iiiUH (TL'iU'bTlo) 483
pi-iriii<;t'nuit (Ctt'i't'acuriB) 304
piiiiiitiva (Diuianoiiiyla) 670
priiiiordliilia (KiililllUB) 474
Priiiorphiira 332
Imlli'ata 332
Iitisioniargii ata (Ti>tliuonla) .. 302
pimcnpiitida (.Aiia.ia) .. 412
priacotiiicta (TettljEouia) 303
prUcovariogata (Tettigonia) . . . 303
732
INDEX.
!: II
priHiMiH (Aiithi'roplmjjtirt) 501
phr«liiiim(ltr;i«'ii>tar.Hiirt) 4ti<I
(()x,vl<lua) fio:;
prniivitiiM (CiiU'xi b^''
piiiiivim (('iviiiM) *J87
priH'tT.i {H[iu'hv|if/ii) 591
Pnicolia :i84,:i92
li.ihl.ii :iO:i
NalirtirjiitlilllliiH 3113
Pritfrn|iliill?* 3H1
riiiiiinuiii!* ^82
c.i»l«li« 3K2
lau'iMin:' 382,:i8:t
I'rtH'x thills 4:17, 4;[8
il.viitin 410.440
iliv.'XUH 4.T.I.440
laioiii 4:i»,4li
iiiiuiiitl.iiius 4:t9, 44;t
proiius 4:ilt
iiuii-liis 4:iB,441
rclic|iiii« 4:i».441
Vf.sp.ius 439. 44'J
I'ruclytil.iii 61
I'rolydiiin 384.40.".
lliur.ilitiis 408
rronuMDpia I>0(t
ilepiti.i 54HI
He\iiiaritla(a ."iiK)
Priillt-lnnbiUH 234
iiiiluriitUH 2;t4. 2;(.'»
Hinithii 234.2.lli
l*'i liuiiiis 2:M. 2;t.'i
Proiiuptili'liiii .'173
n-tUviv.i .'(74
pionu.-* (I'loi-ydliUH) 4:t9
l'rnprt*»s .'I'J
ptultiiii|iiii (.'>iphiini>pliortiitlt-H) 2.^7
projiilhi'Mlls ( IMlfporniiH) ... 420
I'ni.iPuara 343
tlalicllum ;i44
I'riili IHir 419. 424
iriiliiiillis ... 424
I>ri)tiiiM-iii'a 127
l'r<it<ipli.i»"ilil» IU3
prfivcctiM iIIvliibhiH) 473
IVlhiiiMisi 81
P-e.a.lia 8(12
iiiorlui'llit 603
I'-.ii.l.iptrl» 219
P-.iii.liipliaiia 278, 2a^
P« Ihliiplilrlilia 43(1
I'.iMl.liiplivllidlc 230
P!4iMiil(Mti(;tiia 127
Pi«t-iiili>ili<iini»urt .'•(!
P»iliila Mi
tabiiluHB TjOI
PuiMiiia 92,117
PHmMlH 117
P«H|iiii:a 27(1
Pnylla 27.-i
Pujlliilii- 27:.
|.N>ll<.i*Ii'A (Di.i'iliiilM) 314
l'-\l|.,pni.H 27,'.
I'l. rc.nl iiliilK .Vi.'.
alin.;!:ttilri r.2.*.
cnrai iliiin 528
d**Hlitu(IIH 520
ilcNltlKllltt >'i27
*l<.iiiiit.tii.4 .'.26
fi.K-tun 627
gelidua 527
Pt<.rostichiia lH.r(-ulaiit.iiH .
hlHlHI.IlilMIri
la-tuli.H
Iii.vl>;»(ii8
).ati'ti"lirt
nayi
"P
xl.VKicKH
PloioHtJ^iiia
ni):riiiii
rctiirvimi
Pthiida'
Pt.ycl-opteriiia
PtVfllW
piltiiii'uHa (Kplii-rnt-ia)
piilii'tiilata (Stf..i.p('tla)
piiiK-tulatiis (Clila-lliiis)
pitliiaiiu (Liiiiui-a)
l*\iali.la'
P\ irlu.i'iiriiift
P> ITllMSO'lia 12(
PvthuniNHa
ipiailiula (\l>l().*ia) - ■•
ljlh-llill.4
l.i.wiri
i'liaiiil.t>rlinl . . . .
iimliii'liinuH
iplcslich iSl.i-napliisl. . tiilit'tu.t ( IVocydnilH).
i'H()lie.H()iii>i (Sipli(.iH»pliuroi<l«-M). Kaphiilia
ti'aiii(iiina
Itapliiiliiila- 112,
r.i-i'-*sa ( l.aHidplcra)
rt'i'i.na ( lli.li)al<.ta)
r«'i-liiNa (.V^atheiuerat
n-coliilila (()ry('tnplii«»
it'tia (I'l.lmiiiyia)
liTitrviiiii (Pt«'r(.Mti;jiiia)
rtxliviva (Pronopliicl.ia)
U.-iliivii.la'
Ki-(luv;iua
KcdiiviiiH
uutiatiis
ri-)£iilaiin (Klidiptcra)
ri'lit'lus (llydii.i hiiHl
rflit)iiata ( r.iplia('tiM)
rcli(|iius (Piiti-ydiiiiH)
••fpfiiii.'* (Ciali.pat'iHf
Iftlllil-tllN (<)rtlii\lil.H;
ri'rtiirii'.'tus (ParatlUH)
H'NUtlM (TlmtlliHIlH)
ri>t.-iMa I Liiiypliia)
i-etii'iilala ( Haliiiiiapti'i'yx) ....
Uttil.laria-
n-vcft'm (.N'cf n.fy.iim»>
n-yt'lata (Sci.iHiyra»
ieviviMCciiH(.'>\eiiiii.l.ii.cl.iisl . . .
tI'VlllMIIM I rillll't4.HrhlnlUrt)
Kli.*p«H'..rU
liiacri'HculiH
niiiiiriiJt
I" ■'■'•'■<"■•'
pi. I \alt.iis
piiipiti<|iialiH
Ivliipiplii.iida'
litili.iphorilH
^cikici
UbyacopUllidtti
.'..'(7 507 .'.08 .'U.8 .'.U8 2.'i0 441
2.'.0 146, 154 l.'>4 146. l.'>4 6(10 .'.O'.l 219 21)0 556 274 574 351 3.M 3.V4 434 2!I7 Tild •tOi;
411 46(1 162
298 48. 71) 418 542 2li8 4.-.8
419.4211 427
427. 429 427 427
427, 428
4"2
482
482
92, 177
l-aijc. \
.'.26 Kliyiu-liilidin
.'.28 lihyiichi.plii.ra
.'>2fi l!liy|iar<.(-hi-oinai ia
.'i28 Khypaii.i'lii'i.iiiiiH
.'.27 tcii.'tiH
SJ6 I vcriillii
.'.28.,'.29 Uliys-sa
.'.28 ' .juvviiiH
244.273 Itiialiia
273.275 Uiialilida
273.274 ri.'hariUi.iii (Lyalral
28,491 Ui.llii
.'.75 . titfi'srclirt ( !Ii-]iiplli.n)M) ...
3:13 rigida lXi'tii.p.s\llal
122 ll'annrp.il
438 liKoratu.s ('ri'l<'...Hi-liistiiM).
517 rllcyi (('atniiciira)
397 ri.l.iistiiH ((J\dainiiH)
29 ro.'.trata < Diriani.iiiyia)...
342,4(19 rc.lunda (I'ii'siiial
, 137. 1.19 lolii.idalils (Ni iy;;(inilM). . (.2 n.ltitiilipfiiDin (Ap)iaiia).-
Miitii.^iiiii I DiapU.^iiia)
lllpta l.Kifi.ilia)
i-ii.4rti-lli (TyrLiila)
UyiiM.Hia
nlr.ni^itlata
.361,
Sai'kciiia
aroiiata.: "P
Saiciiia
Sal.lida"
.•^alliens
.Sallijxrada'
.Haiii'tajoliaiiiiiH (Proirorirt.
.SapiiiiUH
aaiiHHiiri'i (I\iralatiiidia) ...
MUxatiliH (Kpii-a-iiiK)
Ha\t>a (I'itiipla)
Haxialis ('ri.ipUtci nils) ....
saxii-i.lit ((iyinplia'iia)
HaKilU'ii.-i ( .\.-(n.<'liii.iiiiiN) .
waxij;. tia ( Miipicstis)
i«av<..tji iCicadiila)
Sl.i'iiapliis
lan-ta
• lii.-Hiieli
iihl.ii
t^caialiu'lda-
Si'ln*llt'iilK'r(;ia
Srlii/.i.iu'iira
Sih /diKMirina'
St lii/..iiciir(iiiii'M
Kciidd.'ri
Siiara
ilfpi-rttita
Ho.piili
iiiit{iila(a
Sciariiia .
•Stioiny xa
ili»|.<la
iiialica
rcvclata
»l>
Sfii.lii>/iila-
SiH.ptilla -.
Ii.vallil
Sc.lia
Scolopi'iidra
.Srt.lopt'DdrcJIa
.339,
Pagp. 481 28 384
384,400
361
400
30. )MU
60U
278. 297 2:17 283 47 516 27(1 176 456 249 420 571 .158 348 282 292 489 222 590 590
.'.94. .'.09 59."> fim 356
340, 341 52 48. 52 393 491 210 478 010 515 ,'8)9 407 494 310
244, 2.'.0
2,'iO, 2 -.3 2.-«
2.W. 252
27. 487
71
243
244. 269
214. 269 2119 580 (80 588 586
,'.88, .'.».j
.'>42
546
543
.■■42
546
.142
597
597
30
43
90
TXDEX.
733
I'ftJii'. 1
Scolopocorua 4tl0
Scol.vtUti' 46S
Si-ulytiiH riiifiiloHiiH 401t
Hcopiili (Si>iiiru) 5HS
BciiildtM'i (S('lii/.(>nt'nrni(len) ... 200
Ri-ii1pti1iH (TrotiiHtt>i'iiiirt). 5i4
Scutrllnina 4:tr.
Sc.vllhm 2J0
iiiur»rns.-iolrttii 220,224 ;
S(-,v1oil(>iilii' ' 4!»
BiM'eHHii (Si'j;t'sti'ia) (>1
t*rcluf.inii (Thwriiliiim) 74
HeriiliiMiin (I'anynH'cuH) 47r>
Si*nentrlii M, 00,(11
Hft'WHHll 01
RmuK-ulata «^'I
aelwyiii (CeiropU) lUB
StiiuiillM lis
ftenecta (Pim]>Iu) 01 1 <
BeneMceiiH U-'Oncliii'a) r>39 ;
seiiex (IMatynuH) r>\U
acnilm (Dulpliax) :;9r)
(llt'icioiiiyza) r)47
senior (N'('<i(K\vrtniiH) 447
separata (.Kschna) 141
aepof^il lis (CariiR'lus) :ti)4
septiiH {CtiiriiuunuiM) fiTR
scpuli'hri (TipulH) . r)78
Ht'i>ult a ( Itoli't ilia) '>l):t '
(Ituprt'stiH) 4!)r.
ficrfrtfcns (fCiicorites) :t!)-
ScriciHtomidii! U2, 177 .
setim'ra (Lithecpliora) 'A'-\0
Setodt'H mi
ablireviata 1U1.192
pftrtioiialia. !!(! \
sexHtriulim (lUM'tiHti:*) 5i;t
Sialidii' i>2, US
Sinliiia 92,148
Siiillrt KVJ
Slaliiiih 148
Sijia "<i
Si^nra ;j4:f
silrni* (Locuata) 2.'12
Si!|iliiila» 2H
siiiiilkainei'na (Plccia) ')8:t
siinplrx l^Ionoplilt'liiis) 242
(Spiladninvia) .'■>7:{
CrcpliiapliiM) 2,".0
Siplioii(ipl)ori)i(U>H 244, 2.'! 1, 2.')H
antiiiiia 25."
prupiiii|ua 2riri, 257
ralliit*si|iu'i. 250, 2.'0
Hiniplex 2r»s>
Sisyra 147
Sitinlrt'pa 4ti:t
ditimcta 4n;i
Sitoiuif* >;ranitii'vti.s 481
Hiiiitliii (IMfHiciiiuhiiiM) 2;tti
Hnli.Ia(.Ksrliiia) ... Mil
Hnlidalii.s (Nt'ruJi-yiln'irt) 447
milidoMi'fiiH (Diilinoii*) 020
MMiiiiioIonta (TiiiiC(llia) 157
.sniiiimrmi i (Cori/i h) 4;U
HopniatiiM (LiiniM>;>lii]nH) VXi
snpui'iH (AiitliononuiH) 472
S»!*y l>i 118 02
Sparl<K"Ma 411
Hpehii;r»'(T''nor) ,. 425
Spprnioplia;;urt vivillcatiis 2H
Spka-ropHOL iiH 117,276
Sj.houida'
Spiladoiiiyia
Hillipll'X
Hpitiona (l*alit-ovi'Ila)
Hpoliala (Tipiila)
Spoii'inplioia
scpiidiili'tis ( I [y Ian! oh)
HtaliiiiliiH (Ly^iii'iiH)
Htiili (Trliiiatri'i'liUH)
Staph \ linida-
Staph \ liniti'H ,
ohsntt'tlllll
S) I'ii nddii
Sti'iM'attiis
Stciioi'iiK'liM
aiioinala
-•I'
Stt'iutpairu'i'ft . . .
suiitt^nca
ttMitdirnrta
SttMioprlta
inniiliilata
Sti^iinphlt^bia
Stcnnpuda
SiciH>|i(Klina
Stciiovclia
niKiii
Sti'ropo
parthtniopt* .-
stiKinaticum (Kii-anisilcH)
sti;iiiMiHa (PUTaii<mi>ia)
rttiriu (l)uuacia)
.stiriacua (O- ponia)
atraiiiiuliita. ''vr.wsia)
Sd-ationiyida'
Htratus (XvHiiiH)
strict a (Pala'iM-lirvaal
Stiidiiiaiitia
aty;;ialis (Trajiezdnotus)
Mtyyiiia (XL'(r(>fy<Iinis)
stihlrnia ( AjihidopHiH)
siihtf'rrca (Stniiopainera)
Miin'ot'ata (Ccrcoiiis)
Syt-hiiuhnprhua
M'\ivisi*eiift
rtympliyla
SyiiiphTt.^ ,
Syiiipvciia parth-nopi*
syid.ax
Syihula
, SvroinaMtoa
Syrpliida-
'^P
. Syrplni.H
«!'
S\sti-lhiiiutnt;
tahidosa ( Pslh>ta)
tahidiis (PirriU>i'ap!4UH)
tahiHta (Kpln'iin'i-a)
tal)ilini's (TironiiTiin)
I'at'hina
«P
Tai-hiiiidin
Tarliyclromidai {'iee expl. PI.20,
lai-ita (Anatt'lla)
Taiialirt
Tajialndcs
TanyiiHM'iia
aivulorum .
rage. 30, 620
fi72 673 340 .'i77 204 408 370 351 27, 503 510 610 227
.-lOn
504
505
3t>4, :i85
;iRfl
:i80 437 4118 12.'> 354 354 348, 34» 350 12,-. 127 301 568 48U .'.05 590 20, 560 380 100 230 300 440 ■Jhl 380 319 . 244,208 L'OS 00 575 127
m
221 411
. 20, 557 502
. 55H, .550 550 302
561 368 120 402 561 551 534 Fi(!.9). 580 3,56 356 357 475 475
race.
Taphaoris 220
icliquata 220
Tarsophlobin 12B
Tn-ionils 601
imildiii 004
lecta (Tiprlftj .577
Tejrenaria 6K
Tololiilrtia 130
TclwisrliiHtUH 4.53, 451
anluiuim 4.4
ptaeatiiB 4.54,457
riKor.ituH 4.54,456
Teleplioiula^ 28
toUtiriB (Acrioii) 140
telliiHtor (lulus) 44
Telnuitr'-H-hus 351
parulIoluH 361,3.53
slfili 3.51
t«nel)ri(-0Hui4 (CophocoriH) .... 301
Tenobilu 483
iiKilitor 484
prinilKeuiUH 483
TennbrloMiilii! 28, 483
tonebrowi (Stt'iiopauuTn) 3H6
Ti-nor 419,425
Hpeluiiciu 425
'I'entbrBilinidai 31,604
teiiuif) (IluroMUH) 51-t
Tepbrapbis 244,2.i8
HimpU'x 2.50
wulsbii 259,200
'rt'icl'iMiitia 604
'IVruifs 103,104
])ercaua' 104
lirirttiuiis 105
Tennitina 92,103
Tmnopsia 101,107
leiTif (N.ysius) 379
ti^iiuiitubi (OliaritOB) 293
torrcstris (Cr.vpti)bypnus 407
lelTe mLasiUH) 618
(Lyctoroiis) 361
toiriiola (I)ia)bK'i(lia) .598
tf'Tijii'ua (CiTfyt.u) 510
Tirritelariic 48
trrro..4Us ifiutlia,i;<tuus) 175
ti'itiaria (liuprt.stU) 493
(IVtraiUalba) 77
li'i'tiai'iuiu (I.iibblnniniiiia) 209
tci t iat ills ( I xnili'H) 47
(I'rououKibiua) 235
ti'slvu!* (Xeiitbaui'S) 535
'IVtbufiiH 51,76,78
^uyoti 'iH
hiMitzii 78,80
obduratus 78,79
provet'tus 78 81
Tttrngiiatba 51,52.70,77
j tbi'liaria 77
Totragoiipura .589
; 'IVtrix jiracilis 220
I iVttisiila' 202
j Tettijiidea Knicilis 220
I Tcttijjouia 302
I l.ella 303
j oliiecla .304
priHconiarjiinata 302
i priscotincta 302,303
I prim'ovartegata 302, 303
i Tetyra 435
' ThalBBsa 30
734
INDEX.
P'i '
Page.
Thamiiol«ttix 300
fundi :iO»,310
tfDDiietti 30!>
niutiluta ;tO0
Therapliii hyoscUmi iXi
TherapliuHoiila* 41», 5_'
TluTi'tt 6(1
Thereviila- ji)
Therididen AH, 4l», (in. lu
Thtridium 51, 63. 70, 7 1 . 7;t
grnnulataiu 73
hirtuin 73
opcrtitiitMiiii 7:t
<|iijtili'itfuttatuin <iH
Ht)( liiaiiui 73, 7*
ThlilKimeiiiiH 437, Uf
liiiHMiis 440, 4r>0
niact'i 44I». 451
pnrvua 448, 449
|icrennatU8 449,450
pctrfus 448,449
ThliiiiiiioHthiHtiiti 4.'i3, 46:i
^lavidatus 4(i:t
Thneliw liistu* 453. 4:>7
reruUns 4.S8
Thniii JHidoA 48, 49, 56
ThoiuiHiM 51,">6,r»7
drftHHUR 57, r.U
<'.ii^itinrtiis 57, 5H
n'f*iitU!* 57
Thyeliu 7o,71
ThvHaiMira 9L'. 94
TiiH-a «K)-'
Tiiieiilii' tiii2
Tiiieiti'H G(JL;
TintEiinda* 3.57
TiuKi" 357
riirdiii 357
TinodfA 190
paludiscna 190
Tipula f 7«
derrepita .176
Hepulrliri 57>'
fl|H)Ua1a 577
t**tA r>"
Tipiilidii- 2«, 5fiH
Tipulidii' bn-vipalpi .'174
Ti|>iilidif luiij;ipnlpi 575
TiroiiiiTti.i 3f)(, 4U1
tabidiiuf* 401, 4'*:;
torpffactua 40l,4n_'
Tiroschistnn 4:>3, 4iL'
iDdureKADH 4fl:!
TitanircA 61,68
I Vase.
i TitaiKtM-a lientiTiiA 68,69
iitK^nua GH, 60
<[iiadH^mtata 68
ToinaAptM 326
l<ii)M>fiu-liin {TiniiiicruH) 40'J
tnrpfiiM (Vm'nM>diiUN) 445
tnrpida (Xaiif ImriiO 225
l(»rpuiiitu (Ciilloinjia) 555
Tortiiiidn' 29
ImiMiiiilla (Uuphidla) 154
(riiiiHVi-i-Hii (PiiIaphrodt'H) 336
t^a^^4Vl'rMallt« ((tlypla) . 613
Triipt^xiiiiutiiH 384,395
rxtiTniiiiatUH 305
Htygialis 395. 306
Trapf ziis 38.5
Tril.tHliiyHa 147, 166, lfi8
tiniiatu Hi9, 172
iiii'i)iiHliA 189,170
vulimciila l«9.i;o
TricluM-era 574
Trirlioiita MK)
dawHimi .'"lUO
TiichopU'ra 92, 170
TritMpliora 3l5, ;(20
Triu«»::i.Iii 23»
tri^iiiiata (Clmliila) 389
tiitaviitii (NoNiidciidriMi) 499
tnlii.H (NyHiim) 370
TroricH 117
TiKiiil.idida^ 47
Tiopidut'liiila 278
'rroinstfrmis 514
MiiotattM 515
iiifxiiainm 514
hrtxialin 515
NdilptilU 514
Tn.x 487
miHtnli'ii 487
t»rri':*trU 487
Truxaliilif . . , 220
TrjiMMl«MiilMiu impruHHiim. 470
Tubili'Iari;!' 48,60
tunitia' (OtioiliytuiiiiH) 477
tuMiiilata (luoct'Uia) 158
tiimitlta iI.ithophyNa) 506
Tyihula 221
iiiiiltiMpinosa 221
ruHnrlU 221.222
iihli-ri (Nyctophylaxj 279
tSbenapluM) 252
.mibiatira (OobMiiia) 503
iiiitbrB' Iit4 (Cercopit4.>0) 316
tiiiibratum (UtbaKrion) 130
iinicr.lnr (DytulbreiiH) 410
(Llthwpbora) 331
Uroewrbln* 31
ITrofteoidns 82
vandiliiN}! (Curixa) 344
VautMHldi 29
vociila (Nyaiun) ;i78
vi'latiia (Corymb/tea) 49t!
V*d(ft 348
oiirrens 34s
VellidH* 34H
venerabUo (Diapb'^iiia) 291
veDtriona (II(Miiii'i>;:aiiiia) 218
vurrillii iKtiypanidirniims) 400
vtjHpi'niH ( PiwydiiiiH) 442
VeHpidii- ,10
veatita (Paraiidrita) 501
veterana (Iiinri'lHa) 1.56
vt^lemndiM (PaTibx-apHiia) 366
vctorasci'iif* (I>iap1e;;niit) 29(i
vi-rrriia iMoiiaiitliia) 350
vetttiiiuiiiin (Po'ciloeapniiM) .... 367
vetua (('amimnoti).<<) OIO
vtitum'tila (Tiibotiiiyha) 170
vetiiMtu (UtbadutbripH) 372
vi'tUHttiM (('ryptiH'fpbaliiH) 48'>
viyil (Xyrtupbylax) 28u
vliictiiH (N'yHitiH) 378
vinnilula (Mtmru) 554
VohiceHa 559
viilcaiiahH (Kpeira) 86
vulcaiiiuM (Nfcnicvdinift) 444
walabil (TephraphiH) 2O0
wbcallryi (Cyrbru;*) 536
whitci (LvMiiti'M> 324
wilaoni <Pbnid(ipainfia) 388
wyuminK<'U>tiH(<'<i'liilia) 313
Xemminrpba .5(i6
Xipbldiuiii 231
Xya 234
Xylota 5,55
XyaliciiH 56, ,57
Vpanlnpb iiH 6(rj
iiiaieuia 6u2
Znlolwra an
bruniiei i 217
moiiaatifu 217
ZiUa 70
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