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1.25  III  1.4 


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FROM: 

REPORT  ON  CANADIAN  ARCHIVES., 


1892,  BEING  AN  APPENDIX  TO  THE  REPORT  OF  THE  MINISTER  OF  AGRICULTURE;  1893. 


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derni^re  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
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symbole  y  signifie  "FIN". 


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Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  ^euvent  etre 
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de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  iiaut  en  ba^    '^p  prenant  le  nombre 
d'impges  n6cef  sairu   '.es  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  method* 


^    1 

2 

3 

r-  #. 

5 

6 

i^"^ 


NOTE   F. 

PROPOSED  GENERAL  FISHERY  AND  FUR  COMPANY. 


X...  1.— SIR  ALKXAXDKR  MACKENZIE  TO  LOIW  IIOBAKT. 

{Canadian  Archives,  Series  Q.,    Vol.  tiO,  p.  ;>7.) 

Norfolk  Strket  Ttli  .lun,  1802. 

Mv  IjitRii, — III  obi'dieiK'o  lo  Comniiind.  1  liiive  now  the  honour  of  trunsniitting 
\i>  VoMi'  Lordship,  inclosed,  a  Projoot  of  "  Preliminaries  to  the  establishment  of  a 
'•  iierinumiMit  Fishery  iV  Ti'ade  in  Furs  &c  in  the  interior  ^  on  the  West  Coast  of 
"  Xortli  America" — expressive  of  the  result  of  my  experience  &  ileliberation  on  that 
li'reat  National  olijisot. 

It  will  require  some  management  to  mediate  the  Coalition  of  the  two  Companies 
at  .Montreal  in  such  a  manner  as  to  fix  the  System  of  Enterprise  necessary  for  earry- 
iiig  the  combination  of  the  Fishery  and  Fnr  Trade  into  effect,  as  some  of  the  oldest 
members  are  likel}'  to  prefer  continuing  in  the  Reatcn  track.  Let  such  be  at  full 
liberty  to  do  as  the\'  please  :  but  if  (iovernment  should  think  tit  to  confide  to  me  the 
Uci'tires  in  question  for  tiie  behooff  of  such  as  shall  accede,  iV  at  tiie  same  time  to 
recommend  it  to  the  (lovernor  of  Canada  to  countenance  me  in  my  endeavours  to 
bring  it  about,  as  a  measure  which  has  the  sanction  of,  Ik  will  be  protected  by  Gov- 
ernment ;  I  have  not  the  least  doubt  of  succeeding  with  all  those,  whose  personal 
exertions  are  essential :  inileed,  infinitely  more  essential  than  the  Capital  of  tlie 
otiiers,  since  the  former  can  only  be  i-eplaced  by  Juniors  successively  growing  up  in 
the  Service,  during  a  period  of  six  to  ten  years;  whereas  the  latter,  and  any  larger 
sum  that  may  bo  found  to  be  necessary  or  employed  to  advantage,  can  be  raised  at 
any  time  by  recurring  to  London,  and  might  be  i-aised  in  London  before  my  depar- 
ture, wore  it  not  thought  tiial  those  al read}'  in  trade  at  Montreal  ought  to  have  the 
preference,  and  others  only  the  accession  to  it. 

T  intend  to  embark  on  mj'  return  !o  America,  towards  the  end  of  the  Month; 
an<l  if  there  \s  any  servi^a,  which  I  may  be  .ieemed  capable  of  there  ])erforming.  it 
will  give  me  pleasure  to  take  charge  of  it. 

1  have  the  honour  to  be.  My  Lord, 

Y'our  Lordship's  Devoted  \-  most  faithfull  Hble  Servant 

ALEX.  MACKENZiJ!]. 

Enclosed. 

Preliminaries 

to  the   Kstablishment  of  a  permanent  British   Fishery  &  trade  in  Furs  itc.  on  the 
Continent  i\:  West  Coast  of  North  America. 

(p.  39.) 

Articles 
1. 
To  form  u  supreme  Civil  i^t  Military 
Kstablishment,  on  the  centrally  situated 
and  Navally  defensible  Island  of  Nootka, 
at  King  George's  Sound  Lat.  50°  North, 
with  two  subordinates,  one  in  the  River 
Columbia  late  46"  &  the  other  on  Sea 
Otter  Harbour  Lat.  55  North. 


Observations 
1. 
Priority  of  occupation  vesting  sover- 
eignty in   the  possessor,  no  time  to  be 
lost. 

Vide  Treaty  with  Spain  of  1190. 


): 


I  i 


i 


148 


CANADIAN   ARCHIVES. 


2. 


Either  to  repeal  so  much  of  the  Acts 
of  Parliament  now  in  force,  a^^  vest  in  the 
East  India  Company  or  South  Sea  Com- 

S any  jointly  or  separately,  an  exclusive 
light  of  Fishery  Trade  iS:  Navigation,  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean  &  on  the  West  Coast  of 
North  America ; 

or 
to  obtain  from  both  or  cither  of  tiiose 
CompanieH,  a  Licence  irrevocable  and  un- 
limited, there  to  Fisli  Trade  and  Navigate 
in  their  or  its  Eight  and  to  Kstablish 
Factors,  or  Agents  at  Canton  in  China 
and  any  other  Port,  or  place  within  the 
limits  of  their  Charters,  foi-  the  Direct 
Sale  &  Barter  of  the  Exports  &  Imports, 
from  &  to  the  West  Coast  of  No/th 
America,  to  &  with  the  people  of  China 
&  others,  there  I'esiding  or  trading  at  the 
time ;  as  fully  &  freely  as  both  or  either 
of  these  Companies  might  do,  if  they 
themselves  carried  on  the  said  tishei-;) 
trade  &  navigation;  namely,  during  the 
yet  unexpired  term  of  their  charters; 
and  those  Charters  not  to  bo  renewed, 
but  either  with  the  entire  exception  of 
the  said  Fishe^-y  Trade  &  Navigation;  or 
under  a  legal  obligation  to  continue  the 
Licences  now  to  be  granted  for  the  whole 
term  of  their  duration. 
3. 
To  obtain  fi'om  the  Hudson  Bay  Com- 
pany, If  it  has  legal  power  to  grant  or 
refuse  it,  a  Licence  of  Transit,  irrevocable 
and  unlimited;  for  all  Goods  Wares  & 
Merchandise,  the  growth,  produce  & 
Manufacture  of  Great  Britain  &  of  Ameri- 
ca, in  &  outwards,  thiougii  all  the  Seas, 
Bays,  Ports,  Rivers,  Lakes  and  Terri- 
tories, within  the  Limits  of  its  Charter, 
in  their  passage  directly  between  Great 
Britain  &  North  America,  without  being 
subject  to  any  vif^itation  or  Search  nor  to 
any  duty  or  charge,  to  which  those  of  the 
Company  iti<elf  are  not  liable;  the  Con- 
signee, say  the  Eesident  agent  at  York  it 
Churchill  Factories,  or  Conductors  of 
every  transport  delivering  to  the  Gover- 
nor, or  other  oflScer  representing  the 
Compary  in  chief,  at  the  first  Port  or 
place  of  Entr}'  into  the  limits  or  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Company  a  Manifest  of  the 
Marks,  Numbers  &  Contents  of  the  several 
packages.  Chests  &c.  upon  oath  to  bo 
administered  to  him  by  the  said  Governor 
or  officer  in  chief,  who,  within  twenty- 
four  hours  after  such  Manifest  has  been 


On  the  gi'ound  that  neither  of  these 
Companies  have  exercised  this  Fishery 
it  Trade,  and  that  the  Ea.^t  India  Com- 
pany is  under  a  legal  obligation  to  Grant 
such  a  Licence,  unless  cause  to  the  con- 
trary', allowed  to  be  good  by  tne  Hoaril 
of  Control  can  bo  assigned. 

V.  Act  of  Par.  33  Geo.  Ill,  Cli.  r.2,  sec. 
78. 


On  the  ground  that  as  the  returns  nf 
this  Trade  are  not  realizable  in  less  thitn 
three  or  four  years,  no  body  of  men 
capable  of  carrying  it  on  to  the  advan- 
tage of  the  Nation,  will  embark  in  ii, 
unless  thus  assured  of  its  permanenry. 


3. 

On  the  ground  that  the  Right  of  tran- 
sit between  the  Mother  Country  it  hor 
Colonies,  through  her  own  proper  Terri- 
tory it  Colonies,  is  an  Attitude  of  sover- 
eignty, neither  surrendered,  nor  meant 
to  have  been  surrendered  to  tlif  Ilndsnn 
Bay  Comp'y  according  to  its  Charter, 
the  exercise  of  which  is  not  deniable  on 
any  principle  of  Political  Econoin\- ;  whilo 
it  is  necessary,  and  would  be  highly 
beneficial,  as  being  the  shortest  way  tovV 
from  Countries  without  its  limits  for  the 
purpose  of  facilitating  the  intercourse 
between  (ireat  Britain  &  these  Countries, 
in  the  Exchange  of  the  Manufactures  of 
the  former  tor  the  raw  pioducls  ot'  the 
Latter. 


Ill 


NOTE   F. — PROPOSED    <iENERAL    KISUERY   AN'O    FUR   COMPANY, 


10  him  tendered  sluvll  loturii  the  same  to 
the  said  C:>iisigiiee  or  Conductor,  indorsed 
with  his  Visa  &  Signature,  under  the  seal 
of  the  Company,  to  servo  as  a  passport, 
jiroducible  at  every,  but  not  questionable 
by  any  otiier  station  of  the  Company, 
commonly  called  Trading  Houses,  inter- 
JDi'ly  or  oxleriorily  by  any  Governor  or 
nther  officer  or  servant  of  the  Company 
within  the  limits  of  their  jurisdiction. 
4. 
To  grant  those  Licences  to  a  Company 
<<i'  British  Merchants,  to  bo  established 
in  Jjondon  under  the  tianie  of  "The 
Kishery  it  Fur  Company  "  which  Com- 
jiaiiy  ti)r  the  purpose  of  combining  the 
Fishery  in  the  Pacific  with  the  Fur 
Trade  of  the  Interior  from  the  E;ist  to 
the  West  Coasts  of  the  Continent  of 
Xorth  America,  would  at  once  equip 
Whalers  in  England,  A:  by  means  of  the 
I -tablishmonts  already'  made  and  in 
activity,  at  Montreal  in  the  Fast  & 
advanced  posts  &  Trading  Houses  in  the 
Interior  towards  the  West  Coast  to 
which  they  might  be  extended  it  where 
other  e>tablishmeiits  to  be  made  at  King 
(teorge  Sound  Nootka  Island,  under  the 
ju'olection  of  the  supremo  Government  ; 
A:  on  the  liivor  Columbia  and  at  Sea 
Otter  Harhour.  under  the  i)rolection  of 
the  subordinate  Government  of  those 
jilaces  would  o])en  iV  i'-stablish  a  Com- 
mercial Communication,  through  the 
Continent  of  North  America  between  the 
Atlantic  it  Pacific  Oceans,  to  the  incal- 
culable ailvantage  it  furtherance  both  of 
the  Pacilic  Fisherj'  it  American  Fur 
Trade  of  Great  Britain,  in  ])art  directly 
it  in  part  indirectly  through  the  (/hannol 
of  the  possessions  it  Factories  of  the 
Kast  India  Company  in  China  itc,  it 
being  ])erfectly  understood,  that  none  of 
these  3I.aritimo  or  inland  Establish'nents 
r-hall  be  made  on  territory  in  the  j»osses- 
sion  of  any  other  Euiopean  Nation,  nor 
witliin  the  limits  either  of  the  United 
State^  of  North  America  or  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company. 


149 


4. 

There  are  at  present,  vide  Mackenzie's 
Voyages,  two  Companies  at  Montreal, 
engaged  in  the  North  American  Fur 
Trade,  both  of  which  are  chiefly  com- 
posed of  men,  who  by  personal  exertions, 
no  less  hazardous  than  laborious  & 
persevering,  have  contributed  to  the 
extension  of  it  into  formerly  unknown 
parts  ;  and  who,  if  not  the  onl}'  men 
able  to  extend  it  to  the  Pacific,  are  at 
least  the  most  likely  to  succeed,  as  the 
best  quall'ied  to  undertake  it.  These 
Comi)anies  have  not  heretofore  had  any 
idea  of  embarking  in  the  Pacific  Fishery, 
but  if  they  shoultl  succeed  in  combining 
the  Fur  Trade  of  the  East  with  that  of  the 
West  they  would  find  it  highl}'  beneficial 
to  combine  the  latter,  if  not  both,  with  the 
Whale  Fishery,  and  in  so  far  as  they  may 
not  be  pos.sesse(l  of  a  Capital  sufficient  for 
carrying  on  both  the  Fishery  &  Fur 
Trade,  they  would  be  at  no  loss  for 
Partners  in  London  who  would  raise  the 
deficiency. 

The  Whalers  might  carry  out  from 
Hngland  al'  the  British  articles  Saleable 
oi-  rather  barterable  for  the  furs  and 
other  Products  of  America,  k  bring  back 
such  part  of  the  latter  as  would  best  suit 
the  British  Market ;  while  other  vessels 
of  such  a  size  &  construction  as  may  be 
found  best  adapted  might  be  employed 
to  carry  the  samples  to  Canton  & 
such  other  of  the  Settlements  of  the 
East  India  Company,  as  offer  the  best 
Market,  in  the  way  either  of  Sale  or 
Baiter. 

But  as  it  is  obvious  that  the  two 
Companies  already  embarked  in  the  Fur 
Trade  from  Montreal,  including  their 
several  connections  in  London,  must  find 
their  interest  in  coalescing,  ma}:  that  the 
great  national  object  in  view,  in  the  first 
instance,  if  not  wholly  unattainable 
without,  will  at  least  be  best  attainable 
through,  a  voluntary  connection  &  con- 
solidation of  the  two  Companies  into 
one  for  such  a  number  of  years  &  on 


'm 


150 


CANADIAN   ARrniVES. 


siicli  oilier  terms  as  they  may  ai;iv,. 
upon  ;  .so  is  there  not  the  least  reason  lo 
doubt;  That  under  such  Licences  1st  oi' 
Fi^hing  Trade  iS:  Navif^ation  \-  2rKl  it 
Transit,  they  would  unite  themsc'Ivo>  \ 
succeed  equally  to  theii-  own  ]irn|itr  ,v 
to  the  public  advantat^e. 


London  7th  Januarv  1802 

ALMX.  MACKKXZIK. 


No.  2.— SIR  ALKXANDEi?  MACKHNZIK  TO  JOHN  SULLIVAN. 

(Canadian  Arrhires,  Series  Q.,   Vol.  2113,  //.  225.) 

MoNTRKAi-  25th  October,  1802. 

Sib, — My  Lord  Ilobart  having  done  me  the  honour  at  parting,  to  exp.res-  a 
wish  of  hearing  from  mo,  on  this  side  the  Atlantic,  I  take  the  liberty  of  address! iiir 
you,  enclosing  copies  of  two  papers,  which,  on  ihe  substance  of  which,  I  presunjc 
will  be  transmitted  through  the  Lieut.  Governor,  tho'  not  perhaps  immediately, 
and  which  I  beg  leave  to  request,  that  you  will  please  with  this  to  lay  before  His 
Lordship.  The  papers  will  explain  themselves,  and  I  am  sorry  to  say  show  that  f 
have  not  succeeded  ;  as  also  evince  the  impiobability  of  my  being  able  to  succi'f.l 
in  bringing  about  the  union  between  the  two  Fur  Companies  which  my  Lonl 
Hobart  so  strongly  recommended  to  me  as  the  first  step  towai'ds  the  acoomplisli- 
ment  of  my  favourite  project:  Without  the  aid  of  Government,  by  granting  the 
Licences  (I  had  the  honour  of  proposing)  to  one  of  the  conten<ling  parties,  with 
tho  condition  that  the  other  party  should  have  the  option  of  sharini;,  in  the  pru- 
portion  of  the  Trade  they  might  be  carrying  on,  to  that  i).art  of  Hie  Majesty's 
Dominions,  I  see  no  means  of  bringing  about  a  coalition,  for  several  3'ears  to  conic 
by  which  time  the  Trade  may  be  reduced  if  not  ruined,  and  the  opportunity  mi 
making  the  Western  Establishment  lost  perhaps  for  ever. 

I  have  conversed  with  General   Hunter  upon   tho  subject  and  though  averse  to 
Monopolies  of  any  kind,  he  agreed  with   me  that  no  mode  would  answer  to  carry 
on  that  trade  to  advantage  &  to  make  the  proposed  Establishments,  but  through  a 
Chartered  Company.     I  had   no  promise  from  His  Excellency  that  ho  would  com 
municato  this  his  opinion  to  His  Majesty's  Ministers. 

As  so  little  probability  exists  of  bringing  about  in  a  reasonable  time  a 
Voluntary  Coalition  of  the  two  Fur  Companies,  ma}-  I  be  permitted  to  submit  to 
His  Lordship's  consideration,  the  expediency  of  securing  at  all  events  in  a 
National  point  of  view  the  means  of  hereafter  giving  efficiency  to  the  favourite 
project  alluded  to,  or  any  other  which  Government  may  think  it  eligible  to 
countenance,  by  forming  an  immediate  Military  Establishment  upon  the  Wcsici  ii 
Coast  of  North  America,  so  as  to  prevent  other  nations  anticipating  us  in  an 
object,  the  importance  of  which  cannot  at  present  be  foreseen  in  all  its 
consequences. 

And  further  I  cannot  too  strongly  entreat  His  Lordship's  attention  to  the 
propriety  &  necessity  of  establishing  as  speedily  as  possible  such  a  jurisdiction  a^ 
shall  prevent  the  contending  Fur  Companies  from  abusing  an}'  power  wliicli 
superiority  of  numbers  or  strength  may  accidentally  confer,  and  which  shall  seem 
to  each,  the  fruits  of  fair  harvest  and  industrious  exertion. 

A  jurisdiction  possessing  such  efficient  .ludicial  Control,  besides  having  the 
most  beneficial  effects  in  general,  might  also  be  a  means  of  promoting  a 
speedier  Voluntary  Coalition  of  the  Companies,  by  preventing  a  recurrence  of 
those  causes  of  increasing  animosity  which  tend  to  keep  them  asunder. 

It  will  not  escape  His  Lordship's  penetration,  that  in  any  Legislative  inter- 
ference upon   the  subject,  it  will  be  essential  to  avoid  everything  which  could  be 


NOTE    K. — PROPOSED    (JENERAL    FISHERY   AND    PUR   COMPANV. 


151 


consti-uod  to  confer  upon  the  IIucIsoii'h  Bay  Compiiny  u  Purlianiontiiiy  siinction  in 
regard  to  their  doubtful  charter,  or  which  could  i^ive  them  the  right  of  checking 
commorcial  enten)riHe  from  this  quarter  by  the  unuid  inland  routes  into  any 
Territory  which  Traders  from  hence  have  l)een  accusto-ied  to  occupy ;  although 
the  same  may  nominally  bo  included  ir.  the  limits  of  the  said  Charter. 

I  had  the  honour  of  remarking  to  my  Lord  Hobart  that  an  attempt  had  lieei\ 
made  by  one  of  the  partners  in  the  old  Fur  Company  to  penetrate  in  a  ir.oro  .South- 
ern direction  than  1  did  to  the  liivor  Columbia  in  which  he  failed  throughill  health; 
a  second  attempt  has  been  made  by  another  partner  of  the  same  concern  with  no 
better  success,  owing  to  a  mutiny  of  the  men  employed,  arising  as  I  judge  from  the 
want  ((fan  ap))ropriato  Talent  foi- such  an  undertaking  in  the  leader.  1  hr.vo  been 
credibly  informed  that  the  Astronomer  who  wont  upon  both  expeditions  declares 
positively  that  the  object  is  not  impracticable. 

The  communication  to  tho  Lieut.  Govjrnor  through  Mr.  IJyland  is  clearly  and 
decidedly  the  sentiments  of  the  principal  people  of  the  now  company  of  whom  .Mr, 
Richardson  is  one  k  a  nriost  valuable,  active  iV  lespectable  Magistrate  of  this  City. 
I  have  the  honour  to  bo  with  much  respect, 

Your  Devoted  and  faithful  Humble  servant 

ALEX.  MACKKNZIK. 

(For  onclosuros,  "  John  Richardson  to  H.  W.  Ryland  "  see  Note  E,  No.  2  and 
1'  Presentment  of  the  Grand  .lury  of  Montreal,"  Xote  K,  enclosure  B.) 


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