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^RNATlOHfvVX

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM.

OTTAWA CANADA.

BULLETIN No. 21.

RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH EARLY, MEDIUM AND LATE

SOWINGS OF GRAIN.

MARCH, 1895.

PUBLISUKD BY DIRECTION OF THE IloX. A. K. A.NGEUS, MlSISTEK OV AoElCULTL'BB.

^D?

To the Ifonoiiralile

Tlie Minister of AnrHciiltiire.
SiK,-l have the honour to submit for your approval Bulletin No n
of the Experimental Farm series, which has been prepared by my.elf,
m which are given the results of a number of successive sowings of ..rain
made at intervals of a week during the spring of each year for the'^past
four or live seasons. Tins work has been undertaken for the purpose of
ascertauung the approxin.ate dates when grain can be sown with the
greatest profit in different j.arts of the Dominion.

I trust that the information submitted on this important subject
gathered from carefully conducted experiments at all the Experimental
Farms, will be found very useful to farmers everywhere throughout this
country.

I have the honour to be

Your obedient servant,

Ottawa, March 12, 1S05.

WM. SAUNDERS,
Director Experimental Farms.

RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS

WITH

Early, Medium and Late Sowings of Grain.

By Wm. Saundkks, F.K.S.C, F.L.S., F.C.S.,
Director I^xperimental l^'arms.

In Bulletin No. 8, published in January, 1891, th'i results were given
of experiments which litid been conducted in 1890, at the Central Experi-
mental Farm, with early, medium and late sowings of barley, oats and
spring wheat. These results indicated a great advantage from early sow-
ing. Similar tests have been carried on each year since, not only at the
Central Farm, but also on the branch Experimental Farms, with the
ol)ject of gaining further information on the subject here, and also for
the purpose of ascertaining how far differences of climate and location
influence the i-eturns, so that some conclusions might be readied as to the
best and most profitable time for seeding in different portions of the
Dominion. The exjierience gained by these experiments since 1^91, is
deemed of suthcieut importance to justify the issue of a second bulletin
on this subject.

These experiments have been conducted in every instance with two
varieties each of barley, oats and spring wheat, and generally the same
varieties have been used at each of the Experimental Farms. Five or
six successive sowings have been made each year, the first sowing as
soon as the land was in tit condition to receive the seed, and the subse-
quent sowings a week apart. The results obtained from these tests at
the Central Experimental Farm will first be considered.

RESULTS OF TESTS Al' THE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL

FARM.

Thirty-six plots of -^ acre each have been devoted to these tests, and
the same land has been used for five successive seasons, the arrangement
of the plots being changed from year to year so that oats and barley have
followed wheat ; barley and wheat have followed oats, and wheat and
oats have followed barley.

CUABACTEE AND TRP-IATMENT OF SOIL.

The soil is a light sandy loam as uniform in character as could be
selected. In 1886 when the Experimental Farm was purchased, this
land was in sod. A crop of hay was taken from it in 1887 when, find-
ing that it was much exhausted, a coating of stable manure about twenty

4 CKNTRAL KXPKKIMK.NTAL FARM.

tons to tlie acre was applicl to it early in the autumn, and sliortly after
the manure was plouglu'd under with tlie sod. In the spring' of 1888,
it was again ploughed then harrowed and sown with wheat and oats
in experimental plots. It was ploughed again in the autumn, and in
*he spring of 1889 it was planted with Indian co-n in drills, which was
cut in iSepteniber following for ensilage. Subsetpit iilly the land was
ploughed again, and early in the sjjring of 18U0 it received a dressing of
unleached wood ashes, about 1.50 bushels to the acre, when the first series
01 these experimental plots was sown. As the returns of the first harvest
were not large, a further dressing of stable manure was given in the
spring of 1891, which was lightly ploughed under before seeding. Since
that time this land has received no further manuring or fertilizing. The
plots have been ploughed each year in the autumn and disc-harrowed in
the spring. Immediately before sowing each set of plots, the smoothing
harrow has been used so as to destroy any weeds which may have germi-
nated and thus give to each series of plots the same chance at the start
as to conditio', of soil.

EXPEKIMEXTS WITH OaTS.

1890 — Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and Early Race-horse.

Yield iior iicro.
Bu.sli. Lbi).

1st sowing, April 22, Prize Cluster 37 2

" " ■ • - ■ 33 23

30 20

27 17

20 10

17 22

2nd

do

do

29

do

3rd

do

May

6

do

4th

do

do

13

do

5tli

do

do

21

do

6iL

do

do

28

do

Yield per nore.
Bush. Llis.

Enrly Race-horse omitted.

do do 35 5

do do 31 26

do do 28 13

do do 18 18

do do 19 4

1891 — Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and Banner.

Yield per (Icre,
Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, April 21, Prize Cluster 5fi 24

2nd do do 28 do 84 4

3rd do May 5 do 54 24

4th do do 12 do 33 8

5th do do 19 do 53 3

6th do do 26 do 40 00

Yield tierncro.
Busn. Lbi.

Banner 70 1

do 79 24

do 80 26

do 87 22

do 78 18

do 55 30

1892 — Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and Banner.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, April 20, Prize Cluster 61 14

2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th

do
do
do
do
do

do 27
May 4
do 11
do 18
do 25

do
do
do
do
do

56 26
44 4
41 26
33 28
33 8

Yield per ncre.
Bush. Lbs.

Banner.. 73 8

do 71 6

do 68 8

do 59 24

do 50 00

do 39 24

1893 — Varieties sown. Prize Cluster and Banner.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, May 8, Prize Cluster 44 24

~ ' ......... 35 20

11 6

15 20

6 16

5 00

2nd

do

do 15

do

3rd

do

do '.'2

do

4th

do

do 29

do

6th

do

June 5

do

6th

do

do 12

do

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

Banner 49 29

do 38 8

do 31 6

do 30 20

do 16 26

do 11 28

CENTRAL KXrKRIMBNTAL I'AUM.

1894 Varieties sown, Abundance and Baunor.

1st sowing,

April

13,

2nd do

do

2U

Srd do

do

27

4 111 do

Mav

4

fith do

do

11

Gth do

do

18

Yiold per Mcro.
IJusli. Lb.i.

Abundance •"■9 14

do .^4 14

do •■;:< IH

do 19 19

do W 10

do ■? 22

Yisld per acre.
HuAli. Lbi.

%r ::::::■:..::::: 'o S

do ':::::: ^3 a

do 17 2

do 28 8

do ^ 21

The averaso yield per acre each year of all the sowings of all the
varieties of oats tested at the Central Experimental Farm was as follows : -

1800, avoraue of eleven sowings,

do twelve ilo

do do do

do do do

do do do

Bush.

Lbs.

27

SA

05

20"^

53

\

24

25>^

23

•2H

IS'll,

1802,
18!)3,
1804,

Average yh'ld of each of the successive sowings of oats, including

all the varieties for the whole period of live years.

Bush.

of nino tests '^^

40

* ". 40

3t)

1st sowing, average

2i/d

do

tex.

3rd

do

do

4lh

do

do

5th

do

do

Gth

do

do

33

23

1 bs.
23^
33

IS

si

221

In the comparison

of the results of these and following tests it w

ill

be observed that great variation in the yields occur from year to year^
These are due mainly to the favourable or unfavourable character of he

season.

...„.n, which is a most important factor bearing on the ^^^^
farmer. On comparing the figures g.ven, it will be seen tha the year
I89" was the most favourable for oat-growing of the whole series.
There was also less uniformity that season in the results o the successive
«owinc.^. The crops of 1892 stand next in yield, while 1890, 1893 and
1 8^4 : ore unfavourable seasons for this grain. The very light yie ds of
Prize Cluster given for the 5th and Gth sowings in 1803 were due to the
grain being badly broken down by a severe attack of rust.

Experiments wmi Barley.

1890-Varieties sown, Prize Prolific two-rowed and Danish Chevalier

two-rowed.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

'.£

Bush. Lbs

1st sowing, April 22, Prize

Prolific 40 30 Danish Chevalier 33 .b

?nd

do^

do

29

do

3rd

do

May

6

do

4tli

do

do

13

do

5th

do

do

21

do

6th

dn

do

28

do

24 38
16 22
14 3

10 15

11 2

do
do
do
do
do

do
do
do
do
do

22 14
19 38
15 10
10 30
9 28

e

CENTUAI. EXl'KIMMKNTAI, FAItM.

1891 —Varieties sown, I'rize Prolitic two-rowed ami Baxter's six-mwdl.

Yii'M |i(!r aoro,
l)ii:-ti. Us.

1st sowinp, April 21, Prize Prolific or. 10

'JikI

(In

do

28

do

:!iii

<lo

May

6

do

•itii

do

do

12

do

mil

do

do

19

do

Gih

do

do

•26

do

55 :t5

50 20

51
40
37

37
■10
14

Baxter's six-rnwcd.
do do

do do

do do

do do

do do

Yii>lil por iioro,
liii..li. Ll)s.

65 35
ti7 4
5t; 33
■12 39

34 8

35 30

1892 — Varieties sown, Kinver Ciievalicr two-rowed and Guldthorpe

two-rowed.

Yield per aero. Yield nor nc re.

Hhi^Ii. Lb-. :ii\xfh. Lbji.

l8t sowing, April 20, Kinver Chevalior.. 42 14 Goldthorpf> 44 28

2nd do do 27 do .. 47 24 do 42 41

3rd ilo Mtiv 4 do .. 31 12 do 37 4

4th ilo do 11 do - 31 12 do 29 38

5th do do 18 do - 20 35 do 22 34

6th do do 26 do ^ 17 14 do 16 32

1893 — Varieties sown, Duck-bill two-rowed and Baxter's six-rowed.

Yiold per acre,
Bu.-li. Ll)9.

1st?

owing,

Mftv 8,

D

uck-bill

2nd

do

do 15

do

3rd

do

do 22

do

4th

do

do 29

do

5tli

do

June

do

6th

do

do 12

do

33 36
35 10
17 34

2."i 00
10 20
15 30

Daxtir's six-vowed,
do do

do do

do do

do do

do do

Yield per acre,

liush. Lbs.

.... 32 4

.... 33 26

.... 32 44

.... 27 4

.... 20 02

.... 30 12

1894 — Varieties sown, Canadian Tliorpe two-rowed and Oderbruch

si.x-rowed.

1st sowing, April 13, Canadian Thorpe
2nd do do 20 do do

3rd do do 27 do do

4th do May 4 do do

5th do do" 11 do do

6th do do 13 do do

YieM per aero. Yield jier noro.

Uii.4i. Lbs. liusli. Lbs.

19 4 Oderbnii'li 31 2

23 6 do ;i3 46

16 22 do 26 42

10 40 do 19 38

10 25 do 25 30

7 14 do 13 26

Lbs.
2 IX

The average yield per acre each year of all the sowings of all the
varieties of barley tested at the Central Experimental Farm was as fol-
lows : —

Bush.

1890, average of twelve sowings 19

1891, do do 49

1892, do do 32 . .

1893, do do 27 6i-

1894, do do 19 37:^

Average yield of each of the successive sowings of barley, including
all the varieties for the whole period of five years : —

Bush.

1st sowing, average of ten tests 39

2nd do do 38

3rd do do 30 27

4th do do 26 30^

5th do do 21 dl

6lh do do 20 1

Lbs.

38, V

29

IS

CKMliAf, KXPKRIMKNTAI- V XHM.

In tho ctvse of tho barley also, tlin so.isou of iwOl was ihc most
favomahlc, followcl by 181)2 and IHii;). 'riio 8oa«oiis ..f 1S04 and
1H<J0 w re not favourable. In isiU tlu- residtH of the JihI and
Hid sowin,-,'H of r.axtci's barley exceeded that of ttie I si sowing,
wiiile llie ".111 sowing yielded a little more tlian the olli. In 1H1>2 the
erop of Kinver Chevalier was larger fn.in the 2nd than it was from the
1st sowing. In 18i>;} and IH'JI bolii varieties gave the largest yh-hl
from the 2nd soviugs, and in ISW the Duek-bill gave a larger return
from the 4th than it did from the :;rd sowing, and larger from tho tlth
than from the oth. In 1894 tho Oderbnieh gave a better yield from the
5th than it did from the .tth sowing. All these irregnlarilies. how 'ver,
disai)i)ear when the average of the whole Huries is taken, then the losses
from late sowing are clearly shown.

Kxi'KUI.MKNTS WITH Sl'lilNd WlIICAT.

1800— Varieties sown, lied Fife and Ladoga.

Yii'M pcniLTf. Yi.'M i,.t iiuro.

1st sowiiiR, Aiiril yi, Il('!i Fife 11 Oo

2nil do '!<> -9 do ^ f"^'

31(1 do May G do H ir>

4th do do 13 do 4 20 do

5th do do •21 do 3 "0 ")

6th do do 28 do 2 Jif. do

L:iiK)i,'a li» 1^

(lo^ 9 IT)

do 8 00

3 55

2 se

2 30

189l_Varietics sown, Camiit)ell's White ('half and Wiiite Coiinell.

l3t sowing, Apiil 21, Cumpbt-l
2iid do do 28 do

do May 5 do

do do 12 do

do do 19 do

do do 26 do

3i(l
-Jth

r)th

6th

Yield per aero.

'a ^Vhite ChafF. 47 HO Wliitu Comir'I

do .. 32 TiO do

do .. 27 30 do

do .. 20 I'.O do

do .. 2H 30 do

do .. i;i 10 do

Yield per ncro.
i:ii..li. I,1)H.

3.1 r.o

26 40

HO 00

23 20

23 40

27 10

1892 Varieties sown, Campbell's White Chalf and .lied Fife.

Yield nor iicrc. Yield per ncro.

liii!-li. 1.1)8. I!u^h. I,l..».

1st solving, April 20, CanipboU's White Chatl'. 27 20 Red Fife 20 20

2nd do do 27 do do .. 2^, 00 do 28 ,0

do May 4 do do ..16 50 do 20 ,W

do do 11 do do .. 13 30

do do 18 do do .. 7 20

do do 25 do do .. 8 10

.Si-d
4tli
5th
6th

Red Fife

do

do

do 12 30

do 10 30

do 6 40

1893— Varieties sown, Camj. bell's W^hite ChafE and Ked Fife.

1st sowing,

2nd

do

3rd

do

4th

do

6th

do

6th

do

Yield per iicro.
liiisli. Lbs.
May 8. Canipbell's White Chalf.. 12 15
.lo 15 do do .. 18 10

do 22 do do .. 5 20

do 29 ilo do .. 10 00

June 5 do do .. 7 50

do 12

(!o

do

50

Red Fife
do
do
do
do
do

Y'ield pop acre.

liu.'li. Lhs.
8 50

HI 10

6 20

5 30

12 30

9 35

1894 — Varieties sown, Stanley and Red Fife.

Yield per iicre.
Bu.«h. Lbs.

1st sowing, April 13, Stanley 12 28

2nd do do 20 do l- W

3rd do do 27 do 7 o

4th do May 4 do b 55

5th do do 11 do 5 25

6th do do 18 do i 55

Rod Fife,
do ,
do .
do ,
do
do

Yield per nere.

liii"h. LI)?.

15 50

15 20

7 20

7 5

5 40

2 50

8 CKNTUAI, i;xn Jil.MKNTAI. I'AltM.

Tlic avornyryiold porrnTo ffioli yoar of thpsnwiiifjs of till tlip varlctioB
of wliual lf.st(!(l ill the Ci'iiUal Ivvpcriiin'iiliil Kariii was a.s foli-w.-* ; —

HihIi. Lbs.

]flon, averjiijo of I wclvo sowings o 17^^

]H!)|, do do 29 20

jHit'J, d(. d.) Irt 2')l!j

IH!).'), do d.) 10 r.

10!»4, <ln do 8 37, "j

Avcrago yield jxt aero of caeli of the siicccssivo sowings of spring
wheat, including all the varieties for the whole period of five years : —

1st sowing, ten tests 20 14 A

2nd do do 10 :i!».i

3rd do do 13 43"

4lh do do II 30^

5tli do do 10 43^

Ctli do do 8 5fi^

The season of isnl was (piite favonrablo to wheat prodm-tion, tho
crop from these experimental plots that year being nearly double that of
the best of any of the other years. Fair crops were j)rodueed in 1892,
but IftOO and 1894 were very unfavourable years for this grain. Tho
yields from the several sueeessive sowings show much irregidarity some
years, but the average i '"m-us of the series point strongly to the ad-
vantages of early sowing.

r
Summary of Rrsult.s for the Wiiolti Period.

The following are the averages for the whole of the tests of all the
varieties for the five years during which they have been carried on at
the Central Experimental Farm.

Oat.s.

let sowing
2n(l do
3r(l do
4tli do
5Mi do
Cth do

Yield

per

acu-. II

liush.

Lbs.

r>2

23A !

49

33 ■ 1

40

18

at)

H

33

3

23

22j

Barley.

1st sowing.
2tid do .
3rd lio .
4th do .
r)th do .
Gth do .

Yield

per i

acre. 1 1

Push.

Lbs.

39

38A

3<5

:^9nr

30

27

26

36i
9l

21

20

1

Spring
AVhcat.

i'icld per
acre.

Bush. Lbs.

1st sowinpr
2iid do
3rd do
4tb do
5lb do
Cth do

20 14A
19 39}
13 43
11 39}
10 43}
8 5(3)

The average crop of each of the different sorts of grain is also sub-
mitted, covering all the sowings of all the varieties for the whole period
a" follows :

Yield per ncre.
Biisli. Lbs.

Oats, 59 sowings 39 4

Barley, GO sowings 29 23

Spring Wheat, GO sowings 14 9J-

OKNTIIAL EXl'KUIMKN'TAL lAUM. f

CoMrAUiftoN or YiKt.na ok Vauiktiks ok Oats.

Tlif question of v:!rioti('s will next claim our attention.
Ill the toHtrt conducted :u the Coiitnil Exporrneutal Farm tliodifforout
varieties of •i.itH hiivo yielded, i)er acre, as follows : —

PRIZE OLUSTKK, FOUR YKARS' TEST.S, 24 S(")\VIN(3S.

Avt'i-air'" for 4 jTtt-
Hush. Ms. Hush. Lbs. HuhIi. Lb«. liush, Lba. itiuli Lb*.
Istiowinff, ISOO, ;t7 2 18i)l, 59 24 1892, 61 14 18!';i, 41 ^4 f)l 10

2nd .1.) " :i:i 23 '• 84 4 " r..i 20 '■ M 20 62 IhJ

3r,l do " 3il 20 " r)4 24 '• 44 4 " U ti ■'!'

4lh do " 27 17 " as 8 '• 41 M " IS 20 21»

Rtii do " 20 10 " M A " a:i 28 " t! H) 28 11^

Cth do " n 22 " 40 00 " 33 8 " D "0 2H X\

Uiish. libs.

1890, average of six BOwingH j7 27

18!)!, do do •'■'•* •*1|

1802, do do 45 ii:ii{

IH'.ci, do do 10 '25jf-

Average yield for llio wliolo jieriod : 30 bushels, 283 Hj.s. per aere.

~ BANNKR, FOUR YEARS' TEST.S, 24 SOWINGS. ,

Averai^o Im' 4 yrs.
Bush. Lbs. Hush. Lbs. Rush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Hush Lbs.
Ist BowinR. 18i.l, 76 1 1892, T.i 8 189:t, 49 29 1804, 29 24 57 ,

2ud do '• 79 24 " 71 0 " 38 8 • 30 30 WOO

3rd do " HO 26 " .;h 8 '• 31 26 '• 23 8 52 7

4th do " 87 22 " 59 24 " 30 20 •' 1. 2 48 J.iJ

6th do " 78 18 " .50 00 •• li! 26 " 28 8 43 3

6th do " 55 30 " 39 24 " 1126 " 6 21 28 17}

Bush. Li)S.

ISO], average of six sowings "7 14'^

1802, do do i>0 11 j^

189:5, do do 29 28 J

1894, do do 22 21 J

Average yield for the whole period, 47 bushels, ISjJj lbs. per acre.

Eaui.y Race-iiousk, onk vicar's ticst.

Busli. Lbs.
Average of live sowings in 1890 20 20

Ahundanck, onk ykau'.s tv.st.

Bush. Lbs.

Average of six sowings in 1894 '^4 3'6l

In the very favourable year of 1891 the Prize Cluster averaged 54
bushels 4| lbs. per acre, covering the whole series of six sowings; the
second sowing giving 84 bushels 4 lbs. per acre. The Banner the
same year gave an average of 77 bushels 14'^ lbs. per acre ; the fourth
sowing giving the highest yield, 87 bush. 22 lbs. per acre. During
the unfavourable season of 1894 the yield of Banner dropped to an aver-
age of 22 bush. 21 J lbs. for the six sowings, while the Abundance which
has only been tried in these tests one year, gave an average of 24 bush.
33 \ lbs. While the Banner during the four seasons has given an average
yield in all the tests of 10 bushels 24^ lbs. more than the Prize Prolific,
it is possible that the Abundance in future may do quite as well, seeing
it has exceeded in yield the six sowings of Banner in 1894 by 2 bush. 12
lbs. per acre.

10 cextrai, kxpkrimental fakm.

Comparison ok Yields of Vakiktiks ok Barley.

In the tests conducted at the Central Experunenial Farm the
different varieties of barley have yielded as follows : —

{Two-rowed sorts.)

PiirZE PROLIFIC. TWO YEARS' TESTS, 12 SOWINGS.

Average for the Iwo je&rs.
liiish. Lbi. Busli. Lbs. Busli. Lbs.

1st sowing, 1890, 40 30 1891, (J5 10 52 44

2nd do " 24 38 " 55 35 40 12i^

3rd do " 16 22 " 50 20 33 2l'

4th do " 14 3 <' 51 37 32 44

6lh do " 10 15 " 40 40 25 27^

Gth do •' 11 2 '• 37 14 24 s"
The aver^.ge yields of this barley for tacli year was as follows : —

Yield per acre.
Bu!-li. Lb.«.

1890, average of si.x sowings 19 20 j

1891, do do 50 10

Average yield for the two years 34 42 J

The other two-rowed varieties have each been sown for one year

only.

Yield per acre.
Busli. Lbs.

1890, Danish Chevalier, average of six-sowings 18 24jf

1892, Kinver Chevalier, do do 31 84|

1892, Goldthorpe, do do 32 13|

1893, Duckbill, do do 22 45|

1894, Canadi.m Thorpe, do do 14 263.

The average yield of two-rowed barley for the whole period including
all the varieties and all the sowings, 42 in all, extending over a period
of five years, was 27 bushels 5^ lbs. per acre.

Six-uowKi) Barley.

BAXTER'S SIX-ROWEO, TWO YEARS' TESTS, 12 SOWINGS.

Averngc of two
Bush. Lbs. Biisli. Lbs. venrs.

Bush. Lbs.
Ist sowing, 1891, 55 35 189.3, 32 4 43 4:q

2nd do " 67 4 " .33 26 50 15

3rd do " 50 32 " 32 44 44 38

4th do " 42 39 " 27 4 34 45i

5th do " .34 8 " 26 2 30 5

6th do " 35 30 " 36 12 35 45

The average yield for each year was as follows : —

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of six-sowings 48 24

1893, do do 31 3 If

Aver.age yield for the two years 40 3^

The other six-rowed variety used in these tests, Oderbruch, has beea
sown for one year only, 1894 ; the detailed results of these sowings have
already been given ; the average of the six sowings was 24 bushels 46 lbs.
per acre.

11

CENTRAL EXPElilMKNTAL FARM.

• n ^r ti.n eiT rowpil barley for the three yoara, 18
Thp averaee vield ol tlie six-iowtu udncj iw ^

BoCh gs in aM, was 35 bushels 3^ lbs. per aero, an advantage oi . Imshe
46 Ibf in favour of the six-rowo<l .orts tested u. these week-apa.t
sowings as <;ompared with the two-rowed.

COMPAIUSON OF Y.KLDS OF VaU.ETIKS OF WmHAT.

In the tests conducted at the Central Experimental Fa. .n the different
varietes of wheat have yielded per acre as toUows :-

UKD FIFE, FOUR YEARS' TESTS. 24 SOWINGS. ^^^^^^_ ^^^

Bu=-, Lbs. 15u8h.Lb8. Bush. Lbs. «-'"■'■'- ^^Lb?.-

The average yield of this wheat for each year was as follows :-

1800, average of six sowings ^^ - U

1 Roo do do

1893, do «0 I

1894, do do

Average yield of Red Fife for the whole period, 10 bushels 31 lbs.

per acre.

CAMPBELL'S WHITE CHAFF, THREE YEARS' TESTS, 18 SOWIN(.S.

Rush. Lbs. Bush. Lb.. Bush. Lbs. three .se,,r.

1st sowin., 1801, 47 30 1802, g .0 1803, 12 j5 20^.,

2ud do " 3- ^0 ., il =0 " '> -0 1'' ''•■*

3rd do " ^^^ , \m .. 10 00 17 40

4th do ;; ;^ 30 _, 13 30 ,. ^ ^^ ,^ ,

5th do :'. 23 30 ,. l^^ .. 5,0 U 4

The average yield of this wheat for each year wa^^as Mlows :-
1891, average of six sowings ^JU 53 1

1B02, do do \::y'U4

1893, do «t) ■■ ,,pr acre

Averaoe yield for the three years 1 J ' I'^t acie.

The o^her varieties of wheat used in these tests wore Ladoga a,.d
Stanley both used for one year only and both ,n very unfavourab
seasons Ladoga was sown in 1890, when it gave an average lot a
sowings of 6 bushels 12^ lbs. per ace. lied F>fe gave the same vear
so^Mngs Stanley, which is one of the new

i::ir r^tlTbt;!: Ladoga and Red Fife produced at the
ExpeHn-ntal Farm, was tried in 1894 and gave an average y,eld to all
fowinr of 8 bushels 14^ lbs. per acre. Red Fife, the sante year y.elded
an a et- of 9 bushels\ lbs., and White Council, tn 1891, whu-h was
a favo . ^ble season, gave an average of 27 bushels 46^ lbs per acre

We shall next consi.lor the results obtained by smular tests at the
several branch Experimental Farms.

12

EXI'EniMENTAL FARM, NAPPAX, KT. S.

RESULTS OF TESTS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM,
NAPPAN, NOVA SCOTIA.

At all the branch farms the location of these plots for week ipart
sowings has been changed from year to year, and the preparation of the
soil has been the same as that for ordinary crops.

Experiments with Oats.

1891 — Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and Banner.

1st

sowing,

April

30

2 lid

do

May

7

3rd

do

do

14

4tli

do

do

21

5th

do

do

29

Cth

do

June

5

Yield per acre
I5nsli. Lbs.

Prize Cluster 52 32

do 15 10

do 54 14

do GI 26

do 49 14

do 30 30

Yield per acre.
Buah. Lbs.

Bh.iner 72 2

do 83 3

do H4 31

do 55 20

do Gl 21

do 46 26

1882 — Varieties sown. Prize Cluster and Banner.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

Ist

sowing,

April 27
^ ay 4

2nd

do

3rd

do

do 11

4th

do

do 18

5th

do

do 25

6th

do

June 1

Prize Cluster 37 17

do 45 00

do 42 17

do 10 00

do 38 00

do 34 00

Yield per acrs.
Busli. Lbs.

Banner C7 17

do G7 17

do 75 00

do 55 00

do

i2 00

do 30 00

1893— Varieties sown. Prize Cluster and Banner.
(In this instance the records are incoini)lete, only four sowings having been made.)

Yield JILT acre. Yield

la per ac
Jiish. Lb:

1st

sowing,

May 10

2nd

do

do 17

3i-d

do

do 24

4 th

do

do 31

ere.
Biisii. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

Prize Cluster 37 14 Banner 55 00

do 32 14 do 55 00

do 32 14 do ,00 CO

do 25 00 do 30 00

1894 — Varieties sown. Prize Cluster and Banner.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

Ist

sowing

Mav

9

2nd

do

do

16

3rd

do

do

23

4th

do

do

30

5th

do

June

6

6th

do

do

13

Banner 42 12

do 38 8

do 32 12

do 31 26

do 31 6

do 20 00

Prize Cluster 32 12

do Jii 24

do 25 10

do ::■> 32

do 24 24

do 22 32

The avwage yield per acre each year of all the sowings of all the

varieties of oats tested at the Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S., was as

follows : —

Bush.

average of twelve sowings 58

do do 4Y

do eiffht do 39

1891,
1892,
1893,
1894,

Lbs.

7f

00

22i

do twelve do 30 2^

Average yield per acre of each of the successive sowings of oats,
including all the varieties for the whole period of four years.

Bush. Lbs.
1st sowing, average of eight tests 49

2nd

do

3rd

do

4th

do

5th

do

6th

do

SIX

do
do
do
do
do

49

21f

49

H

49

20 J

41

iH

39

iH

30

26

EXPKKIMKNTAL FAUM, NaI'PAN, N. S.

13

ipart

The results of these experiments at Nappan, N.S., show practically
no variation between the first three sowings, but there is a considerable
average reduction from week to week afterwards. The season of 1891
was the most favourable of the series here also, that of 18i»4 gave the
smallest yields.

EXPERIMKNTS WITH BaRLEY.

189l_Varieties sown, Pri/o Prolific two-rowed and Baxter's six-rowed.

YieM per acre. Yield por acre,

liusli. Lbs. . , li"^ >• L'js-

Ist sowing, April 30, Prize Prolific 45 45 Baxter's six-rowrd 4 ,..

2nd do May ^ do 50 25 do do 4- 14

3rd do do 14 do 41 31

4th do do 21 do 35 45

5th do do 20 do 31 42

6th do June 5 do 34 8

1892— Varietios rfown, Prize Prolific two-rowed and Baxter's six-rowed.

Yield per aero. Yield per iicre,
BmsIi. Lbs. . , 1^"^ '; Lbs.

Baxter's six-rowed 42 24

Baxter's six-rowrd..
do do

do do

do do

do do

do do

39 8
38 26
32 39
29 38

do
do
do
do
do

do
do
do
do
do

42 24
55 00
40 00
35 00
30 00

1st sowing, April 27, Prize Prolific 3o 00

2nd do May 4 do 47 24

3rd do do 11 do 42 24

4tii do do 18 do 50 00

5th do do 25 do 32 24

6th do June 1 do 25 00

1893 —Varieties sown, Duck-bill two-rowed and Baxter's six-rowed.
[In this instance the records are incomplete only four sowings having been made.]

Yield per acre. V ield per ncro.

Bush. Lbs. , . , I5"s,''- \-^'-

1st sowing. May 10, Duck-bill 30 00 Baxter's six-rowed 3- -4

2nd do do n do 27 24 do do 7 2-

3,d do do 24 do 32 24 do do 27 2-

4th do do 31 do 7 24 do do 10 00

1894— Varieties sown. Duck-bill two-rowed and Baxter's six-rowed.

Yield per acre. Yield rer acre.

Bush. Lbs. „ _, . , l^"^h- I- :s-

1st sowing, May 9, Duck-bill 23 15 Baxter's six-rowed 18 1b

2nd do do 16 do 17 24

3rd do do 23 do 16 32

4ih do do 30 do 19 8

6th do June 6 do 15 20

6th do do 13 do 10 00

The average yield per acre each year of all the sowings of all the
varieties of barley tested at the Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S., waa
as f<)llows : —

1891, average of twelve sowings.

1892, do do

1893, do eight do

1894, do twelve do
Average yield per acre of each of thv- successive sowings of barley,

including all the varieties for the whole period of four years :—
° Bush. Lbs.

do
do
do
do
do

do
do
do
do
do

16 12
15 20
19 28
14 28
12 44

ush.

Lbs.

38

30

39

38

23

6

16

28A

1st sowing, average

of eiyrht tests 33

2nd

do

do

do

Srd

do

do

do

4th

do

do

do

Sth

do

do six

do

Uh.

do

do

do

33

31t

32

34f

33

38^

27

23f

27

H

23

31

The above figures show that the average yield of the barley plots

14

EXPERIMENTAL FARM, NAPPAN, N. 8.

was higher at Nappan iu 1892 than in 1891, although these may both oe
regarded as favourable years for barley production in the Maritime
Provinces. There was a considerable falling off in the yield in 1893,
but the year 1894 was the most unfavourable for this grain.

In the weok-aj)art sowings there was some irregularity in the results,
especially in some years. The average crops from the first three sow-
ings did not vary much, but the 3rd sowing gave a slightly larger yield
than the 2nd or the 1st. It will be observed that there was a considerable
falling off in the later sowings.

ExPKniMENTS WITH SPUTNG WlIKAT.

1891 — Varieties sown, Campboirs While Chaff and White Connell.

1st sowing, Api-il 30, Cntni>bi>ll'3 ■Wliitc ClialV
2n(i do May 7 ilo lio

3rd do do 14 do do

4th do do 21 do do

r)tli do do 2'J do do

Gtli do June G do do

Yield per 'icre,
liiisli. \A,s.

air 29 ;iO
.. 31 00
.. 3-1 3."

White Oonnell...
do
do

Yie'

il per nore.
iish Lbs.

28 30

33 40

28 30

.. 32 -10

do

33 15

.. 32 -10
.. 20 UO

do
do

31 52
27 5

1892 —Varieties sown, Campbell's White Chaff and Pringle's Cham))lain.

Yield per acre,
Hush. Lbs.
1st sowincr, April 27, Cainpln Us White Chaff. 22 30
2nd do iMav 1 do do .. 20 00

3id do do 11 do do ..17 30

4 til do do 18 do do .. 12 30

f)t',i do do 25 do do .. 22 30

6th do June 1 do do .. 10 00

Yield per acre,
liiisri. Lbs.
Pringle's Chainplain.. 30 00
do do

do do

do do

do do

do do

.. 27

30

.. 22

30

.. 12

30

.. 17

;!o

. 10

00

1893 — Varieties sown, Campbell's White Chaff and Red Fife.
[Ill tiiis instance the records are incomidcte only four sowings having been made.]

Yield per ncre.
Hush. Lbs.
1st sowing. May 10, CamiiUeU's White Chatf.. 17 .30 Red Fife.
2nd do do 17 do do .. 20 00 do

3ril do do 24 do do .. 20 00 do .

4th do do 31 do do .. 7 30 do ,

Yield per ncro,

Uusli. Lbs.

17 30

.... 17 30

.... 17 .30

5 00

1894 — Varieties sown, Stanley and Red Fife.

Yield per acre.
Lusli. Lbs.

1st sowing, May 9. Stanley 15 40

■ ' " do 21 20

do 14 40

do 18 40

do 15 20

do did not ripen

2nd

do

do IG

3rd

do

do 23

4th

do

do 30

5th

do

June G

Gth

do

do 13

Red Fife,
do .
do .
do
do .

Yield pcriiore.

Bush. L1)S.

16 40

.... IG 30

15 20

10 20

.... 11 40

do did not rijien

The average yield per acre each year of all the sowings of all the

varieties of spring wheat tested at the Experimental Farm Nappan, N.S.,

'vas as follows : —

Bush.

1891, average of twelve sowings 3U

1892, do do 18

1893 do eifiht do 15

1894,

do

eight
ten

do

15

Lbs.

45

J8f

37

EXI'KRIMENTAL FAIIM, NAll'A.V, N. S. 18

Average yield per acre of each of the siiccessive sowings of spring
wheat, including all the varieties for the whole period of four years.

liush. Lbs.

1st sowing, average of eight testa -l-J. \'-^'k

2nd do do do 23 2\^

3rd do do do 21 lit;:|

4th do do do 10 33ij-

5th do do six do -'0 15-^

6th do do four do 18 K)^

In this instance the year 1891 stands out as remarkably favonrable
for wheat growing in the Maritime Provinces. There was a great falling
oif in the yield for 18i)2, and still greater in 1893 and 1894.

The succcvssive sowings yielded very irregularly, esjjecially in
1891, when the 1st and 5th sowings of CampbelTs White Clialf wheat
gave the lowest yields and the 3rd sowing the highest. In the White
Connell the same year the results were somewhat similar, the 4th sowing
giving the highest yield, the -Jnd and otli standing next, with the 1st
and 3rd lower. Irregularities less marked occurred also in the yields of
the other years. The average yield of the 2nd sowing was the largest,
and ;'ie 4th was less than the 5th ami Gth.

Summary of Results for the Wiiolk Period.
The following are the averages for the whole of the tests of all the
varieties for the four years during which they have been carried on at
the Experimental Farm at Nappan, Kova Scotia.

Oats.

1st sowing.
2nd do

3rd
4tli
5th
Cth

do
do
do
do

Yield per
acre.

Bush. Lbs.

49 1\%
49 5 1
49 -IQi
41 17^
39 16|
30 26

Barley.

1st sowiutr.,
2nd do .

3rd
I 4th
' 5tii

Gth

do
do
do
do

■^'icld per
iicre.

Husli. Lbs.

33 31|

32 34 S

33 38i
27 23|
27 l|
23 31

I Yiold ])pr
Spiintr Wlieixt. aci-f.

i Bush. Lbs.

Ist suwiup;

2nd

do

3rd

do

4th

do

5th

do

6th

do

22 13|

23 41?
21 19
16 33
20 15|
18 16

The average crop of each of the different sorts of grain is also sub-
mitted, covering all the sowings of all the varieties for the whole period
as follows : —

Yield per acre.

Bush. Lbs.
..43 l-.^
..30 7,2,
..21 3

Oats (44 sowings)

Barley (44 do )

Spring Wheat (42 do )

Taking into account all the results obtained, it would appear that,
while the loss from late seeding in the ^Maritime Provinces would be
■"••"at, it is not so large as it would be in Ontario and Quebec, and
that any time within two weeks from the opening of the season is a good
time to sow. It will also be seen that the average yields of all the
varieties of grain have been somewhat larger at Nappan than those ob-
tained at the Central Experimental Farm.

16 kxpekimkntal farm, napl'an, n. 8.

Comparison of Yields of Varietiks of Oats.

The (liirerent varieties of oats grown at tbe Experimental Farm at

Nappan, N. S., in these week-apart sowings have yielded per acre aa

follows : —

PRIZE CLUSTER, FOUR YEARS' TESTS, 22 SOWINGS.

Bash. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Averngo.

Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, 1891, 52 32 1892, 37 17 1893, 37 14 1801, 32 12 40 1*
2ii(l do " 45 10 " 45 fJO " 32 U •' 26 24 37 12

3i'<l do " 54 14 " 42 17 " 32 14 " 25 10 38 22J

4th do " 01 20 " 40 00 " 25 00 " 32 32 39 31*

5th do " 49 14 " 38 00 " oniitt(>d •' 24 24 37 12;i

eth do " 30 30 " 34 00 " omitted " 22 32 29 9|

The averag'^ yield per acre of this variety for each year was as fol-
lows : —

Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of six sowings 49 4

1892, do six do 39 17

1893, do four do 31 25

1894, do six do 27 16

Average yield for the four years 36 32^

BANNER, FOUR YEARS' TESTS, 22 SOWINGS.

Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Buih. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Average.

Busli. Lbs.

Ist sowing, 1891, 72 2 1892, 67 17 1893, 55 00 1894, 42 12 5!» 7*

2iid do " 83 3 •' 67 17 " 55 00 " 38 8 00 32*

3id do " 84 31 " 75 00 " 50 00 " 32 12 CO lof

4th do " 55 20 " 55 00 " 30 00 " 31 26 43 3

5th do " 61 21 " 32 00 " omitted " 31 6 41 20i

6th do " 46 26 •' 30 00 " omitted " 20 00 32 8^

The average yield per acre of the Banner oats in each year was as fol-
lows : —

Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of six sowings 07 lig

181)2, do six do 54 17

1893, do four do 47 17

1894, do six do 32 22

Average yield for the four years 50 16f

It will be seen that the Banner in these tests at Nappan, N. S., has

proven a more prolific variety than the Prize Cluster, having exceeded the

latter in average yield by 13 bush. 18^ lbs. per acre.

CoMPARisox OF Yields of Varieties of Barley.

In the tests conducted at the Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S.,
the different varieties of barley have yielded per acre as follows : —

( Two-rowed sorts. )

PRIZE PROLIFIC, TWO YEARS' TESTS, 12 SOWINGS.

Average yield for 2 yrg.
Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

Ist sowing, 1891, 45 45 1892, 35 00 40 22^

2nd do " 50 25 " 47 24 49 I

3rd do " 41 32 '* 42 24 42 4

4th do " 35 45 " 50 00 42 46^

5th do " 31 42 " 32 24 32 9

6th do " 34 08 " 25 00 29 28

i

at
aa

EXrERIMEN'TAL K.VKM, NAPPAX, X. S. lY

Tlic average yield per acre of this borley lor the two years' sowings
was as follows : —

Busli. Lbs.

1891, average of six sowings 4() f

1S92, do' do -P.S iMi

Average for the two seasons 39 \S)f

DUCK-IiILL, TWO YEARS' TKSTS.

Average.
Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

l9t sowing, 1893, ;J0 00 1894, ii'-i 10 liU 32

2nd do " 27 24 " IT 24 22 24

3rd do " 32 24 " 16 32 24 28

4th do " T 24 " 19 8 13 10

5th do " omitted " 15 20 15 20

Gth do " omitted " 10 00 10 00

The average yield per acre each year of Dncl<-liill was as follows : —

Bush. Lis.

1893, average of four sowings 24 hs

1894, do si.x do 17 I

Average for the two seasons 19 40

Putting the residts of the growth of these two varieties togetlier, we

find that the average yield of the two-rowed barleys used in all these

week-apart tests at Nappan has been 30 bushels 20j*'j lbs.

Six-i{owj;r) sorts.

BAXTER'S SL\'-ROWED, FOUR YEARS' TESTS, 22 SOWINGS.

.\ vernfje.
Busli. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Dusli.Lbs. Bush. F-lis. Bu.sh. Lbs.

1st sowing, 1891, 41 ;r2 1802. .12 2.1 ISm, 32 21 1894, 18 UJ 3?. '.W
2nd do " 42 4+ " Al 24 •' 17 24 •' 10 12 20 38

3rd do " 30 8 " o.". 00 " 27 24 " 15 20 34 13

4th do " 38 26 " .10 00 " 10 00 " 19 28 27 U

5th do " 32 39 " 35 00 " oniittod " 1128 27 224

6th do " 20 38 " 30 00 " oniittcil " 12 U 24 11,^

The average yield per acre each year was as follows : —

Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of six sowings 37 23L

1892, do do 418

1893, do four do 21 42^

1894, do six do 10 8=^

Average for the four seasons 22 sowings. . 29 30

This falls short of the average yield per acre uf the two-rowed sorts
for the same period by about 38^ lbs.

Comparison of Yields of Varieties of Spring Wheat.

In the tests conducted at the p]xperiinental Farm, Nappan, N.S.,
the different varieties of wheat have yielded per acre as follows :—

CAMPBELL'S WHITE CHAFF, TILIEE YEARS' TESTS, IG SOWINGS.

Averiisre.
Basil. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Busli. Lbs. Busli. Lbs.

1st sowing, 1801, 20 30 1802, 22 .W 1893, 17.30 23 10

2nd do " 34 00 •' 20 00 " 20 00 24 40

3rd do " 34 35 " 17 30 " '20 00 24 U

4th do " 32 40 " 12 30 " 7 30 17 33j

5th do " 32 40 " 12 30 " omitted 22 7i5

6th do " 26 00 " 10 00 " omitted 18 00

2

18 EXPEniMKNTAI, I'ARM, HRANDOX, MAX.

'J'lie avt'r;ii;c yield j)ur aero t-aeli year Mas as follows :—

ISusli. Lbs.
IKDl, average of six sowings ;j 1 34J

18!t2, do do 15 50

18!)3, do four do 10 15

liusli. Lbs.
Average yield for the three seasons, Ul sowings ■_' 1 ^i-i^j

Ri;i) FIFK, TWO YEARS' TKSTS, 9 SOWINGS.

Avcniiri'-
Husli. \A>3. Bush. Lbs. Hush. 1.1)3.

1st sowing, 1803, 17 .•(u 1894, 10 40 17 5

2nd do ' " 17 .'iO " 10 30 17 00

3rd do " 17 30 «' 15 20 10 25

4tli do '• 5 00 «« 10 20 7 40

5th do " omitted. " 11 40 1 1 40

0th do " omitteil. " did not ri])eii.

'J'iie average yield per aere was as follows : —

181)3, average of four sowings 14 22.^

18'.»4, do live do 14 0

Average yield for the two seas(Mis 14 14

T'lioe other varieties were sown for one year eaeli —

J8',»l, White Coniiell, average of si.v sowings 30 18J

1892, Pringle's Chain])lain, average of six sowings 20 00

I8i)4, Stanley, average of five sowings 17 8

In these tests of wheat at Nappan, N.S., the average yiold of the sow-
ings for three years 1891-2-3, of Canipbeirs White Chaff, was larger by
7 bush. 34 lbs. per aere than the average of the Red Fife for two years,
1893-4. Miieh of this gain is evidently due to the larger cro]) of 1891,
for when these two varieties are coinpai'ed for the same year, 1893, the
differenee in favour of the Campbell's White Chaff is less than 2 bushels,
sliowing the important bearing whieh the eharacter of the season has on
the weight of the croji. The White Connell in 1891 was nearly equal in
yield to Camj)beirs White Chaff that year, and both the other varieties
which were tested in 1893 and 1894, exceeded the yield of lied Fife for
the same years.

IIESULTS OF TESTS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM,

BRANDON, MAN.

EXPKUIMEXTS WITH OaTS.

1892 — Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and Banner.
LOn account of a snow storm, April 30th. the sowing of Ihe oat j)lots on that date
was omitted.]

Yield per Acre.
Bush. Lbs.

1st sowiiiix. April 23, I'rize Cluster 30

2nd do May 7 do 33

3rd

do

do

14

do

4th

do

do

21

do

5th

do

do

28

do

Oth

do

June

4

do

33
50

Yield per Acre.
Bush. Lbs.

30 Banner 50 24

8 do 70 10

8 do CD 5

30 do (!0 10

30 do 02 22

18 do 60 2

EXl'KKIMKNTAL PAEM, miANlxiN, MAN.

1893— Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and IJanner.

10

Ist sowing,

Miiy

2iid do

do

3ra do

do

4tli do

do

f)tli <1()

do

Otli do

do

liilsll.

2, I'rize Cluster (Jl

9 do (j!)

10 do G4

23 do 48

HO do 52

0 do 50

Aci-f.
20

liaruier....

Yield I
liii.^h

Si;

or Aero,
, M.S.

10

lu

4

20

]■;

24

do ....

75

24
28

do . ..
do ....

Oil

(il

12

do

57

30

do

52

32

1SI>4— Varieties sown, Abundance and JJanner.

1st sowing, Mav

2nd do (h) 8

3id do do 15

4lli do do 22

■"Jtli do do 29

Otli do June 5

Yii'ld per .icru.
J^ush. I.l.^

1. Aliundiinco t!!» M

do 75

<lo 71

do fil

do 34

do 50

30
G
10
24
30

Jiannnr.
ilo .
do .
do .
do ..
do ..

Yield jicr a'Te.

i!u,iV|. L1)S.
.. Oi; c,

... 74 'J I.
... 7U 21
.. 00 26
.. 49 14

.. r)0 10

e

Tile average yield p"'- acre each year of all the sowings of all tli
varieties of oats tested ai the Experimental Farm, Urandon', Man., was
as follows ; —

JJush.

}^02, average of twelve sowinf^.s 5'j

l-^!»3, do do

1894, do

do
do

02

Lbs.
171«

Average yield per acre of each of the successive sowings of oats
including all the varieties for the whole period of three years."

1st sowing, average of six tests \\-2

2nd do do

3rd do do

4lh do do

5th do do

6th do do

Hu.sii. Lbs.

()4
58
52
53

I3j

in

02
^1

In this series of tests the yields for the several years are fairly
uniform, those for 1893 and 1894 being the largest, and nearly equal.
The yield.s trom the successive sowings are irregular, but the avera-^e
shows a steady diminution after the third sowing, indicating that to
obtain the best results in Manitoba, oats should be sown from the Tth
to the ICth of May.

EXPEKIMKNTS WITH BaRI.KY.

1892— Varieties sown, Kiuver Chevalier and Goldthorpe, both two-
rowed sorts.

was on"tted7"' "^'^ '°°'' ''°""' '^^"' '""'' "'' '°"'"° °^"'' ^^'^'^ P^°*^ "" ^'''^^ ''^'"-'

Yield per acre.
, . . . . Dusli Lbs.

1st sowing, April 23, Kiuver Chevalier.. 40 "0
2ud do May 7 do .. 50 00

3nl do do 14 do 51 3"

4tli do do 21 do !! 51 22

5l 1 do do 28 do .. 52 34

6tb do June 4 do .. 01 33

H

Yield per acre,
„ ,, . Bush. Lbs.

Utoldthorpe 50 ■>o

^o 55 30

•^o 51 32

^'J 04 2S

*]o 01 2

do 53 19

-I 1

i

j

i*

20

EXl'EIUMKNTAL I'ARM, IIHANDON, MAN.

1893— Varieties sown, Diiclt-bill two-rowinl and Baxter's six-iowcil.

Yield pel' ticre.
Hush. lAia.
let SDvOnx, .Mav 2, Diick-liill -i:) ?■<>

Rdxter'H six-rowed.

2rii1 d(j

3r(l d(

4tli (1(1

51 h (Ir

Cth dc

do 9

d(i Jli

do an

June 6

do

■i2 ::\

■ir. 10

•Vl 4

•M 32

do
do
do
do

do
do
do
do

Yield per acri)
liiish. Llis.

40 4()

28 Ifl

::•; )2

:i") 40

:)5 00

34 18

1894 — Varieties sown, Canadian Tiiorpo two-rowed and Oderbrncli six-
njwed.

[In consequence of suiijdy of seed running short, only four plots of the foruier and
three of the latter were sown in this test.]

Yield jK^r ncro. Yield iier acre,

ilusli. M)8. liusli. I, lis.

1st sowing, Mav fi, Canadian Tlior|io.. :i:i 16 Oderbruch -Ui 10

2nd do (1(1 ID do do .. P.2 31 do i,> 44

Hrd do do 22 do do .. 4(i 00 do 40 2

4th do do 2U do do .. 28 30

Tlie average yield ]ier acre eaeli year of all the sowings of all the
varieties of barley tested at the Experimental Farm, Brandon, JNIan.,
was as follows : —

Bush. Lbs.

1802, .averao:e of 12 sowings , , 513 34!f

18'J:5, do d'/ 39 4;f

1894, do 7 (o 39 6^

Average yield per aere of eaca of the snccossive sowings of barley,
including all the varieties for the A/hole period of three years : —

Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, average of G tests 41 2;if

2nd do do do 43 34|

3rd do do do 45 25

4th do do 5 do 45 14

5th d« do 4 do 47 34

6th do do do 40 24

In these tests of barley the yields for 1892 are much heavier than
those for 1893-94, the two latter years being ]iractically equal. The re-
sults of the successive sowings show the heaviest yields in the later sow-
ings, but in this instance the two later sowings have only been carried
on for two years. As far as the experience goes, it seems to indicate that
in ^lanitoba barley may be sown later than oats, and that the most
favourable time for sowing is from the middle to the latter part of May.

The average of the 22 sowings of two-rowed barley have exceeded
in yield the average of the 9 sowings of six-rowed by 8 bush. 23 lbs. per
acre, but if we ieive out of consideration the heavy crop of 1892, and
compare the two rowed and six-rowed sorts for tlie same years, the
advantage in favour of the two-rowed does not exceed half a bushel per
acre.

EXI'KIUME.NTAI, KAHM, IJIIANDON, MAN.

ExrinuMKNTs Avrm Wmkai.

21

lfi02— Varict'u'S sown, (';iiii|.lH'irs Wliitc Cliall' and K.'.l FilV.

fOn iiiToiuil of asuow alorni, Ajiril JUth, tlio sowing' of tlie wli"ut pKitH oti Unit date
Wiis oinittcil.J

Yjnld iicr iicri'. Vii'lil in-r nci..,

Iliisli lAii. Hiisli. Lbi

UiiiiiptioU'B Whitf Chair.. 'Si M Rod Fife Xi 20

do do .. ,'!.•) 30 do I'.i'i r,0

do do .. :io .'lo do 37 Id

do do .. ;tii .'lO do ;!.'{ ;!o

do do .. 'SA M do ■:<.> -lO

ill" <lo .. l;i :;i) do uh ou

lf^!);j_.Vant'lic's sown, Canipbeirs Wliitc Cliall" ami l{i'<l Fit',..

V'udd ]ii'r iicro.
liiLsh. IJl.S.

CiiniiilM'H's Wliitu Ciiftll'.. JH •!() Red rife

do do .. J.l 00 do

do do ..17 00 do

do do .. ],-) 00 do

do do .. 15 Oil do

do do .. 12 ;iO do

lsm_Varieties sown, Stanley and Ked File.

1st

"own

p:.

Aiirii ':■:.

'.'lid

do

-M.iv 7

lird

do

do M

4tli

do

do 21

5tli

do

do 2.S

(Jill

do

June 0

1st fiowiiijj, May 2,

2Hd

do

do 9

:;id

do

do 10

•nil

do

do 2;j

.'-.ih

do

do 30

Ulll

do

Jiiiio 6

Yield iier acre.
I!ii.'<li. Lbs.
2S 10

;;:! 20

2H ,J0

2il -10

22 10

IS 50

l?t .sowing, May

2iid

do "

do

3 id

do

do

'Itli

do

do

5fli

do

do

Olh

do

June

2 'J

Vi(dd per aei'o.

liiish. Lbs.

1, Stanley 27 50

« do 28 -K)

.") do .'^1 10

:!2 50

2t; 10

Red Fife '.s.'t

Ilo

do

do

:.) M

do
do
do

do

do

Id jii'i' iicre.
'tmn. I,lj3.

'Ml

31 !0

:'.:: 00

;;2 10

21' 20

22 40

Sl'.mm.vuy ok llicsuj/r.s i-ou 'jiik Wiiolk Pkuiod.

Tho average yield per acre each year of all the sowings of all the
varieties oi wheat tested at the Experiinental Farm, Eran<loii, Man.
was as follows : —

Bush
1802, average of 12 sowings ;j 1

189a, do do 00

do

Ll)3.

01 »

1894, do do 29

Average yield per acre of each of tho successive sowings of wheat,

including all the varieties for tlie whole period of three years :

Hush. Lbs.
1st sowing, average of 6 tests ^9 o'.il

2nd

do

do

3rd

do

do

4th

do

do

5 th

do

do

Gth

do

do

31

2.j

29

•Mi*

28

30

24

3G^

21

10

In these experiments at Brandon the wlieat crops of 1892 and 1894
were nearly equal, while that of 1893 fell nearly 7 bushels per acre short
of the average of the other two years. The average yield of the sue
cessive sowings do not indicate any special advantage in very early
sowing, but they do point to the importance of having all wheat sown
by about the middle of May. The second sowing averaged the hi<--hest
in the series, and the third was nearly equal to the first. There w-as iu
the fourth a slight falling off, which becomes very decided in the fifth
and sixth, the crop steadily decreasing in proportion to the lent^th of
time that seeding is delayed.

O't

KXI'KltlMKNTAr, VAIIM, llRANDoN, MAN.

Tlio figures whirli hiivu Itoi'ti ^ivcii hk ihi^ n'siilts of these wcok-apart
Mowings show thf followiiiL; avcrattt's for the fiitiro iiiimhcr of ti'sts of
all variflit's for tlic three years liiiriii;^ which IJiey liuve been carridl on
at the Kxperiniental Farm at Hramlon, Xaiiitoha.

Oats.

Vi.dd p.-r
lie If.

liiish. \.\<^.

Barlpy.

Vli Id [ILT
iieu'. 1

Bush. Ll)d. 1

■11 2;i,|
•m :M,i

•15 25
45 11
•17 .'M
'10 24

SMrlntC
Whc.U.

1 Ist siiwiii^

1 2iid d

1 ;ird do

1 -Mil do

5lli (1

Glh do

Yield piT
lien.'.

DiiMh. I.lii.

1st SOWlllj;'

2r.u do

:ird do

Mh do

5ih do

6tb do

(12 i;i»

W 17;i
CI 17,i

r,H 11, i

{12 2
r.3 3(}

, l.st mowing

2iid do

3rd do

•Mh do

I 5tli do

j Gill do

2!> .W,*
;il 25

211 ;icj

28 ;!0

21 ;t(i,i

21 10

The average (M'o|» of eaeh of the dilfereiit sorts of grain is also suh-
mitteil, including all the sowings of all the varietie.s for the whole iierioij,
as follows : —

Yiidd per iiero.
lUidU. libs.

Oats, :it5 sowings ,")'.» l(ij|

IJarley, :il <lo' 41 a?.,'

Wheat, :iii ilo , 27 :i:i

CoMi'AKisox Of YiKi.ns ov Vauiktiks of Oats.

The ilifl'erent varieties of o.its grown at the Kx]perimental Farm at
Ijrandon, Manitoba, in these week-ai>art sowings have yiehlcd per acre,
as follows : —

PRIZE ULUSTi:n, TWO YEARS' TESTS, 12 SOWI.VGS.

180,3,
II

II

Tlie average yield per acre for each year's sowings was as follows

Hush. Lb3.

1892, average of six sowings -^2 32

189;}, ' do 5S 13

Average for the two seasons r)(J 1(5|-

li

ibh. Llis

1st sowing,

1SD2,

30 30

2iid do

33 8

3nl do

33 8

•nil do

50 30

51 h do

55 30

(Ith do

53 18

Avcrnpc of two

Bush. bl.s.

VL'iirs.

Bush. Lbs.

(11 20

40 11

09 2-1

51 16

04 21

48 33

48 28

49 2t)

52 12

54 t

50 :;o

52 17

BANN'ER, THREE VFARS' TESTS, 18 SOWINGS.

A vcrafro of

U

isli. Lbs.

Bush. Lbs.

r.Msh. Lbs.

tlirco years.
Bu.>h. Lbs.

l?t sowing,

l.«02,

50 24

1893,

80 16

1804,

00 6

70 20j
73 14^

2nd do

711 10

75 10

74 24

3rd do

W> 5

CO 4

70 24

72 22i

nil do

CO 10

01 20

00 'JO

02 32

5 til do

02 22

57 12

49 14

.56 16

Oth do

GO 2

52 32

50 10

54 14§

KXI'EIIIMKNTAI, KAIl>f, lllivNI.o.V, m.v\.

TL

e avoragv yivl,\ jj^r aiic tV.r t-ai-l

1 year's sdwinys in as follows :

avorajL^i' ot' six sowincH

Avfi-ai,'!' lor till' till
Ouo othtM- variety, Al.midaiu

ee seasiMis ,

ItlHll. I.Ij.h.

(i.i L'.t,{.
.17 5.«f.

ti;

e, was sn\Mi |',,|. ,,iu year

uilv,

IH'.M, Al.iiii.la,

lee, averaife oj (

I sowings.

. nil )iO

111 <--.iM|,ariii- the results ol»iai.ie,l fnu.i tli.j

oats miller test, it will I

•(' si'cii llial tlie av

so soveral sarieties of

irco yisirs has hvi'U 14 l.iish. -^-J II

era,i,'e vieM of the i

>aiiiier for

ri/e Cliistor for t

>s.

wo years.

Tl

iiioie per acre than that of th

yt'-'ir, ls!)4, l.as heoii :i hush. M ||,s. less tl
HUiue year.

le averaLfe of il„. Al.niHlaiiee for one

ail tiiatof thi' K.uiuer, for tl

lU

C'oMi'AiusoN' OK Yi,.:r,i,s ok V

AlillMlllS OF l!,\|;|,i;v,

The <lirt"er('iit varieties of harl

at I>raii«|oii, M;
as follows

ey yrowii at the It

11., Ill these week-apart

xperiiiiciita! I'-arm

'wiiigs Lave yielded, per ae

re.

1B02, Kiiiver Cheval

«old-'i'll

7'w(i-nii/'C(l S(,r(.'.

ler, one season onlv, (J so

orpe,

iHO.'i, Dnek-hiU
l^^i'l, Canadian Tl

<lo

do
do

Average yield per acre of the f

lorpe, do do 4

A V.MMU'l'.

liu.'li, I.Im.
wings ,-, I i-jj|.

....4:{ 4:^

do

^nwiiiLrs

l.V

"iir varieties, 22 sowings in all 4 7 y,"

1«03, Da.vter'.s si
1^114, Oderhrneli d

Six-r<)ire</ iSorfn.
x-rowed, 1 season only, 0 sowings. ,. ..?.■) n

ihl

Average yield per ;iere of the t

d(

,4r, i^'i.

In tl

wo six-rowe(l varieties. . , .;{h n?

8 bush. 10 ll)s

lis iiistanee the twu-rowed varieties 1

lave

per aere more tliaii th

yield

ed an average of

e average of the si.v-rowed

>ort.s.

(

o.Mi'AKiso.v OF Vii:i.i)s OF Vakii:'

ni-:s o

F W

lIKAT.

'I'lie different varieties of wli

at Bnuidon, M,
as follow:

in.

eat grown at the Experimental F

ui these woek-apart sowings have yielded

\vn\

per acre,

CAMPBELLS WHITE CHAFF. T

WO VEAIW TESTS, 1:; SOWI.VCS.

Bush. Lb3.

1st sowing, 1892, :J2 r,o,' 189
2iid do "

3rd do

4th do

5 th do

Gth do

35 30 '

30 30 " 17 00

3, 23 30
23 00

30 50
24 50

15 00
15 00

19 30 " 12 30

Avcnirrc of two vea

liusli. lAis.

28 20

2!t l.j

23 45

19 55

10 00

r3.

i

2-1 EXPKUIMENTAI. KAUM, INDIAN HEAD, N. w. T.

follow!'^"""^ ''''' '-' ^^^'^ ^^ ^^'^ ^^-^-t ^-- -1' yeav was a.
i8.., average of^^x sowing. ^^ij^'

Average for the two seasons . ." ." .' ." ." .' ." ." 03 oq
RKO FiFK, THREE VEARS' TESTS, 18 SOWINGS.
,, . Hush. Lbs. Bu«h Lh^ F?„M A^'^^''^^'' of ^^^rca years.

3''-' <lo '< 07 ,, 3. JO .';i JO 3,3 4.j|

-Kl' 'lo " ;;; 30 " 'ir .n •''' "" ^'^^ Oo'

,,, ^'" ^'" " - 00 " IS S :: g 3 :^ ,jl

iJ.e average yield ,.ei- acre of the Red Fife for eie], v,.-,,-'
was as follows :— " > ''^' '^ rowings

18t)2, average of six sowinc^s ^''f','- ^^-'•

i^'^os, do do °'.: i; ,,^

3'"ii4, do do -^ -'

Average for the tliree vears o,',' -'-

One other variety, Stanley, was sown for one ^^as^l oniv, 1894
Stanley, average of six soM'ings. .. og 4r/

in v^rr t^^^^tf :ri;:.:f 't ?" ^'^^"^^ ^^^^ --^'^^ «-

clos^lvfoHow dbvS ani V "' '"" ' "" ' '"^^^^ '' ''''■ l^'' '•^--'

and lied Fi' ' " "^"^'-^ — l^^'^-^J variety between Ladogl

RESULTS OF TESTS AT THE EXPERDIEXTAL FARM
INDIAN HEAD, X.W.T.

SxTKIcIMEXTS WITH OaTS.

[Ill thi

1801_Varieties .sown, Prize Chi.ster and Banner.

and sn.o„n-inSr "^ '"" ''''''' ^°"-" '"^^ " '-'^^ --,ios were dest.oved byf.ost

1st sowing, April
2nd do do

3rd do do

4th do no

nth do May
Cth do do

Vield per acre.

ft r> ■ /■., ""*''• -Lbs.

6, Prize Cluster i>.,„n„,

-' no v, .)(

•1 d.)

11 do

Yield pur .acre.
Hush. Lbs.

.... 8I) 24

.... 88 4

• ... 84 22

•■•■ 77 22

do

8:^ 4 do

S'l 20 do ..

183:^ -Varieties sou-n. Prize Cluster and Baniier
Lin consequence of severe n-ost on Nfnv 9n in-

Yield per acre.
Hush Lbs.

;-!8 18

Yield per acre

1st sowing, Ap,,ns, p, ein.er...!::'t J^- Banner,
3''d do Mav "0 ; ' ^' -- do

Cth do
6th do

Mav

0

do

do

IG

do

do

^2^^

do

do

30

do

45 10

do

52 32

do

4J 20

do

:>\ 6

51 13
51 C
59 24
GO 20

EXPEUIMKNTAL FAK.M, INDIAN HEAD, N. W. T.

25

as aj

1803 — Varieties sown, Prize Cluster ami I]aiiiiL'r.

oarg.

liifjs

irst
)ga

)St

Y

ield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, April 24,

Pri

?.e Oust

er.

.... 72 2

2ii.l do Miiy 1

do

,

.... tjt) ti

3rd do do 8

do

.... (iO 30

4th do do 15

do

.... -.0 10

5tli do do 22

do

.... 08 -0

tith do do 29

do

.... 40 G

ield poi

Lbs.

Banner 88 28

do 76 20

do 8tJ 0

do s7 12

do 03 00

do 61 26

IS'.U — Varieties sown, Al)iinil:uice and Banner.

Yield per acre.
Biisii. Lbs.

Ist sowing, April 24, Abundance 17 22 Banner

2nd do Mav 1 do 33 28 do

3rd do do' 8 do 29 14 do

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

l:i 4

.30 30

27 32

4th

do

do

15

do

5th

do

do

■)■)

do

6th

do

do

29

do

rpi

,.:„i.^

1 „

29 14 do 30 3')

23 18 do 21 6

28 LS do 22 2

The average yield per aure each year of all the varieties of oats
te.itod at the Exi)eriinental Farm at Indian Head, N.W.T., was as
follows : —

Bush.

189], average of eight sowings 8-t

do twelve do 6H

otj

2(3

do
do

Lb3.

181
3A

n

4.*

4

13 A
24 1

21

1892,

1893, do do

1894, do do

Average yield per acre of each of the successive sowings of oats,
including all the varieties for the whole period of four years. .

Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, average of six tests 43

2nd do do do 51

3rd do eight do 58

4t]i do do do 59

5th do do do 55

0th do do do 53

The vear 1891 was a remarkably favourable vear for oat-srowinc
in portions of the North-West Territories, giving unusually heavy yields
for all grain sown after the spring weather had fairly settled. The
season of 1892 stands next in point of yield ; 1893 averaged lower, but
the year 1894 was unprecedented in its unfavourable conditions, owing to
lack of rainfall and hot droughty weather. The rainfall at Indian Head
that season was less than half that usually had, and on the E.vperiniental
Farm the long period of very dry weather resulted in unusually light
crops of all sorts of grain, the yields being less than one-half of an
average crop.

EXPERIMKNTS WITH BaULEY.

1891 — Varieties sown, Prize Prolific two-rowed and Baxter's Six-rowed.

[The two earliest plots in this case also were destroyed by frost and strong winds.]

Y'ield jM'r acre. Yield per acre.

Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

1st sow:ng, Ajiril 6, Prize Prolific, Baxter's Six-rowed,

2nd ilo do 13 do do do

3rd do do 20 do 40 30 do do 27 40

4th do do 27 do 54 23 do do 40 00

5th do May 4 do 54 00 do do 44 18

6th do do 11 do 50 40 do do 50 10

2(] EXPERIMEJITAL FARM, INDIAN HEAD, N. W. T.

1S92 — Varictios sown, Kinver Chevalier ami Goldtliorpe, both two-
rowed sorts.

[Oil account of frost, May 2nd, the sowiiij,' ot tlie hurley plotH on that ikUe was
oniittHil.]

VicliI per acre. Yielil per acre.

ISiish. lAis. Hush. Lbs.

1st sowing, A))ril IS, Kinver Chevalier, .'if) 40 Gol(llli(jr|pe, 18 40

'Jml <lo ilo 2'^ do <lo -11 12 ilo 34 24

?.vi\ do Mav '- do do do

4t]i do (1(1^ :i do do 41 32 do 30 10

nih do do 10 do do 4(5 32 do 36 00

lilh do do 23 do do -14 22 do 31 OG

1893 — N'arieties sown, Dr,i'k-l>ill two-rowed and Baxter's Six-rowed.

Yield per acre. Yield per acre,

liu.sh. Lb3. V' sh. Llis.

1st mowing, April 24, DiK-k-liill, 48 24 Ba.\tcr's Six-rowed, 51 00

2nd do .May 1 do 50 00 do do 50 24

3rd do do 8 do .Vi 00 do do 50 00

4tii do do 15 do 10 00 do do 50 24

5tii do do 22 do 40 00 do do 40 24

Olh do do 20 do 44 00 do do 40 00

1S94 — Varieties sown, Canadian Thorpe two-rowed and Oderbruch

six-rowed.

Yield iier acre. Y'ield per acre.

iSush. Lhs. Bn.sli. Uis.

1st sowing, April 24, Canadian Tiiurpe. II 12 Clderhrucli, 11 18

2nd d.) .Mav 1 lio 10 00 do 20 20

3rd do do S do 13 20 do 10 28

4th do do 15 do 13 20 do 21 22

5tli 110 do 22 do 12 30 do 15 GO

Oiii do do 29 do II 32 do 15 00

Tlie averas^e yield per aere eacli year ol' all the varieties of barley
testctl at the Exiierimeutal Farm, Indian Head, N.W.T., was as fol-
lows : —

Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of eight sowings 4.5 14if

189-2, do ten do 30 2 ,\

1S93, do twelve do 48 30

1894, do do do U 4-2-J^

Average yield jier acre of each of the snccessive sowings of barley,
including all the varieties for the whole period of four years.

Bujh. 1,1,3.

1st sowing, average of six tests 2S 40;^-

2nd '"do do do 34 2l|

3rd do do do 33 28f

4th do eight ilo 37 29|

5th do do do 37 31i^

Gth do do do 37 li^

The season of 1893 gave the highest yields of barley ; 1891 was
also a favourable year for this grain. A medium crop was realized in
1892, while 1894 gave a very small yield for the reasons alreaily given.
In the average yields of the several sowings, the earliest sown plots gave
the smallest yield of any. The 4th, 5th and 0th sowings gave the largest
returns, and were about equal in yield. It will be noticed that the crops
of the several years are not uniform in this respect, in 1893 the three
earlier sown plots averaged best.

EXl'EKI.MENTAL FARM, INDIAN HEAD, N. W. T.

27

\vo-

waa

id.

Wliitc ('i)inu
(Id

11..

V

iold per (icie.
Hush. \j\\i.

M 00
;!■' (10

(io
do

3J 50
3A 30

(U)

:vi :u)

do

33 00

Vii'M per i\oi-e.
JJiisli. Lb3.
27 10
30 00

ExPEIilMKNTS WITH SPRING WlIKAT.

1891 — Varieties sown, Campbell's White CliafY and Wiiite Connell.

Yield pi'i- ,'icre.
liiKsh. Lbs.
1st sowing, April G, Campbtdl's White Cliall'. 30 20
2nd do do 13 do do .. 35 30

3rd do do 20 do do .. 3-1 00

4th do do 27 do do .. 37 46

5tli do .May 4 do do .. 85 30

eth do do 11 do do .. 30 10

1892 — V^irieties sown, Canii>l)eirs White (liatr iind Red Fife.
[On account ol frost, April 29tli, the su ..inf,' of tlie wheat plots on that date wa;! omitted.]

Yield ner aere.
Bush. I.bs.
1st sowing, Ajril 15, Campbell's White C half. 20 (o Red Fife.
2iiil do do 22 do do .. 38 00 do .

3rd do do 29 do do do

4lli do May 0 do do .. 2'^ 50 ilo .'!5 40

5th do do 13 do do .. 30 40 do ::•. 00

Gth do do 20 do do .. 33 20 do 20 20

1893 — Varieties sown, Campbeirs White Chaff and Red Fife.

Yield per acre. Yield per ac

Bush. Lbs. Husli Lb

Ist sowing, April 17, Campbell's White Chaff. 2ti 30 lied Fife 24 40

2nd do do 24 do do .. 31 40 do 31 10

May I do do .. 30 10 do 37 00

do 8 do do .. 25 ."O do 32 ;!0

do 15 do do ..30 00 do 30 00

do 22 do do ..29 50 do 20 10

1894 — Varieties sown, Stanley and Red Fife.

Yield i)er acre.
Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, April 20, Stanley 15 50

2nd do do 27 do " 10 40

3rd do Mav 4 do 15 50

4th do do 11 do 10 00

5th do do 18 do 15 00

0th do do 25 do 15 50

re.

3.

3rd

do

4th

do

5th

do

Gth

do

Red Fife,
do .
do .
do .
do .
do

Yield per aere.
Basil. Lbs.

9 10

14 10

10 20

17 00

15 20

17 50

The average yield per acre each year of all the varieties of spring
wheat tested at the Experimental Farm at Indian ilead, N.W.T., was
as follows :

189 J, average of twelve sowings.

do

ten

do

do

twelve

do

do

do

do

nsh.

Lbs

;u

1

31

■55

29

r>n]

0

15

25

1892,
1892,
1893,

Average yield per acre of each of the successive sowings of wheat,
including all the varieties for the whole period of four years.

Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, average of eight tests 24 44iV

2nd "do do do 28 38f

3rd

do

4th

do

5 th

do

Gth

do

SIX

do

)il

eight do 28 28^

do do 28 30

do do 37 41:^

In the tests of wheat also, the year 1891 gave tlie best average crop,
1892 stands next in yield, foUoweil by 1893. The very unfavourable
season of 1894 makes a poor showing in this connection. In this
instance also, the first of the week-apart sowings gave the smallest yield,

28

EXPERIMENTAL VARM, INDIAN HEAD, N. W. T.

the five later sowings being very nearly equal. The second, fourth and
fifth do not vary more than lU lbs. As far as these tests have gone, they
indicate that the best time for sowing wheat in Eastern Assiniboia is
from the middle of April to the middle of May, and seeding should ia
any case be finished by May '25th.

HuMMAUY OF Results pou the Whoi.k Period.

The following are the averages for the entire number of tests of all
the varieties for the four years during which they have been carried on
at the Experimental Farm at Indian Head, Assiniboia, North-west
Territories.

Oats.

Yield por
acre.

Bush. Lbs.

Barley.

Yield per
acre.

I Bush. Lbs.

SprinjT
Wheat.

1st sowing , -13 18

2iid do .")1 Oi;t

3rd do I .5S 32^

4th do : r>9 13!;

5th do ' ".,") 24 J

0th do 53 21

1st sowing.
2nd do .
3rd do .
-1th do ..
5th do .
(ith do .

29 4t!
34 21
33 28
37 ....
37 31 1

37 r|

I

1st sowing
2nd do
3rd do
4th do
5th do
6th do

Yield per
acre.

Bush. Lbs.

24 44i
28 38f

27 4I5

28 2s|
28 30
27 41.}

The average croj) of each of the different sorts of grain is here given
for the whole period, including all the sowings of all tlie varieties.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

Oats (44 sowings) 54

Barley (42 sowings) 35

Spring Wheat (4(3 sowings).

041

27 39 £,

Comparison of Yields of Varieties of Oats.

The different varieties of oats grown at the Experimental Farm at
Indian Head, N.AV.T., in these week-apart sowings have yielded per acre,
as follows : —

PRIZE CLUSTER, THREE YEARS' TESTS, IC SOWI.VGS.
(In 1891 the first two sowings were destroyed by frost and winds.)

Rush. Lbs.

Ist sowing, 1891...

2nd do " ...

do '• ...

do " ...

do '• ...

do " ...

1892.

3rd
4th
5 th
6th

84
86
82
86

30
24

4
20

Bush. Lbs.
.. 25 00
22
1

1893.

Bush. Lbs.

Average of
three years
Bush. 'Lbs.

47
44
45
52
45

10
32
20

72
66
60
56
58
46

2

6

30

10

20

6

48
56
63
62
64
59

is

31

10

26

18ii

15J

The average yield per acre from the sowings of each year was as

follows : —

Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of four sowings 85 2^

1892, do six do 43 uf

1893, do six do 60 1

Average for the three seasons 60 2^

and

hey

1 is

in

all
on

BSt

EXPEniMENTAL FARM. INDIAN HEAD, N. \V. T. 29

BANNER, FOUR YEARS TESTS. 22 SOWINGS.
(In 18&1 the first two sowings were destroyed by frost and winds.)

AviTage of

4th do " .. HH 4 •' ... ,'■,1 0 " H7 !•) '< 'jn on T. , *■

5tii do " .. M 22 " 'v M " ■■■ . • no •< •" :? '^^ ^'^ ^'\

0th do " .. 77 22 .< ::: ;;;; ;;; .. ;:; t, ^J ;; ;;; i\ i g ^jj

The average yield per acre from the sowings of each vcar of the
, Banner oat was as follows :—

Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of four sowings 84 8+

1893, do six do .' ' 52 3^

1893, do six do 77 yi

1894, do six do 05 1 1;^

Avei age for the four seasons .,,.". 57 j 7'} 7

One other variety, Abundance, was sown for
one year only, 1894 : average of six sowings 2V 2

In these records Banner does not give as good a total averacre ag
Prize Cluster by 2 bush. 19 lbs. p.r acre, but tliis is due to the fact tha" the
Prize Cluster was not sown during the very unfavourable season of is<)4
The great drought that year dinnnislie.I the crop very much, reducing
It to the low average of 25 bush, llf lbs., as compared with G4 bus],
172 lbs., which was the yield at Brandon where the rainfall was heivier
This drought will also account for the light yield of Abundance in 189-i"
27 bush. 2 lbs. per acre. It will, however, be noted that this compares
well with the crop of Banner for that year.

COMPARISOX OP YlKI.D.S OF VARIETIES OF BaRLEY.

The different varieties of barley grown at the Experimental Farm
at Indian Head, N.W.T., in these wcek-apart sowings have yielded per
acre, as follows : — ^

Two-rowed Sort.s.

Average.
1891—1 rize Prolific, 1 season only, four sowings. . . oO i
In this instance the 1st and 2nd sowings were de-
stroyed by frost and winds.

1892— Kinver Chevalier, one season only, fivesowiufrg
do — Goldthorpe, do five do'
1893-Duck-bill, do six do "
1884— Canadian Thorpe, do six do . 12
Average yield of the two-rowed varieties .' 35

41
30
47

40^

i
44

6

20.

30 EXI'EUIMENTAL FAIIM, INDIAN IIEAU, N. W. T.

Six-uowj:i) Sorts.

baxtkh's six-nowKi), two ykaiis' tests, 10 r'.OT.s.

In this instance also, the first and second sowings were destroyed l»y
frost and winds.

1, , r , Avciago.

, , . J>»3l'' I'bs. Biisli. Lbs. Bush. I,b3.

1st sowing, 1891 1803 51 00 51 00

2nd do " <' r,o 24 50 24

3r^l do " .... 27 40 " 50 00 38 44

4th do " .... 40 00 " 50 24 45 12

Sth do " .... 44 18 " 40 24 4," 21

()th do " .... 50 10 " 40 00 49 29

The average yield per acre of the Baxter's six-.owod each year was
as follows : —

Bush. IJis.

1891, average of four sowings 40 29

1893, do six do 4<j 28

Average yield for 2 years, from 10 sowings 45 47 ("^
One other variety, Oderbrueh, was sown for one season only, 1894.

„ - . Bush. Lt):5.

Uderbruch, average of six sowings 17 ■.]ij*

Average yield of the six-rowed sorts, 16 sowings . . 35 17|

COMPAKISON OK YlEI.DS OF VaUIKTIKS OF WlIKAT.

In the tests conducted at the Experimental Farm, Indian Ilrad,
N.W.T., the different varieties of wheat have yielded per acre, as fol-
lows : —

CAMPBELL'S WHITE CHAFF, THREE YEARS' TESTS, 17 SOWIXCS.

AviTiigo of

„ 1 , , three years.

,„„, Bush. Lbs. Bush.Lbs Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, 1891, 30 liO 1892, 29 40 1893, 2(> 30 28 52

2ud do " 35 30 " 38 00 " 31 40 35 3i

3r(l do " -M 00 " omitted " 30 10 32 5

. f 1 ' o ' 37 4'3 •' 28 50 " 25 30 30 42

5th ( o 35 ;:0 " 3<5 40 " 30 00 34 31

0th do 3l> 10 " 33 20 " 29 50 33 g|

The average yield ])cr acre of the Campbell's White Chaff wheat
each year was as follows : —

Average.
-.cfM n • • Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of six sowings 34 53

1892, do five do" 33 18

1893, do six do 28 SGf

Average yield for 3 years, 17 sowings. .. 32 24^\

RED FIFE, THREE YEARS' TESTS, 17 SOWINGS.

Average of

r> 1 T 1 T-. , ^ three years,

w ■ lor^, ^"^l"; ^'^*- ^"^''- ^-'•'S- Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing. 1892, 27 40 1893, 24 40 1894, 9 10 20 30

2nd do " 30 00 •' 31 10 " 14 10 05 r,2

3nl do '• omitted " 37 00 " W, 20 26 40

4th do " .35 40 " 32 30 " 17 17 28 '^'U

6th do " 33 00 " 30 00 " 15 20 26 "d

Cth do " 26 20 " 29 10 " 17 .50 24 26|

EXPERIMENTAL KARM, AOASSI/,, U. C. 81

The average yieKl per acre ol the Red Fife for eaeli year was as
follows : —

,„,^_ „ ,. Busli Lbs.

I8!t2, average of rive sowings 3u ;5-J

lHi»3, <io six do^ 30 45

l^'^-i, ilo six do 14 5Sj^

Average for the three years, IT sowirii's. 25 14! i

Two otiier varieties were sown, each for one year only :

loni A\M •» ri II I'Ush. Lb3.

IbUl, >\ hite Connell, average per acre of six

sowings ;j3 1^1

181)4, Stanley, average per acre of six sowings. . 15 r>l|
These figures show that the Camj)beirs White Chaff for tlie tliree
years of 1891-92-93 has exceeded Red Fife sown in 1892-93-(t4 in
average yield, by 7 biisli. 42 lbs. per acre. This, however, is mainly
due to the bad record made by the Red Fife during the very dry year of
1894, when Campbell's White Chaff was not sown. Comparing the
results of the two years, 1892-93, when both the varieties were M)wn,
we find the difference to be a little less tlian one bushel in favour of the
Campl)eirs White Chaff. The Stanley, which is a very promising beard-
less wheat, one of the new cross-bred sorts recently produced at the
Central Ex])eriraenial Farm, also ..akes a jjoor showing, for the reason
that it has been used in tliese tests at Indian Head only once, and that
was in 1894. It yielded, however, that year nearly a bushel more per
acre than the Red Fife.

RESULTS OF TESTS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM,
AGASSIZ, BRITISH COLUMBIA.

ExPKniMENT.', WITH OaTS.

J 891 — Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and Banner.

1st sowing, April 15,

2nd

do

3rd

do

4tli

do

5tli

do

6tb

do

1892

Prize Cluster,
do
do
do
do
do

Yield per ncie.
ISiisli. L1)S.

Yield per ncre.
Kiish. Lbs.

do

do 29

-May 6

do 13

do 20

— Varieties sown,

■ 38 18 Banner ^3 §

.40 00 do 17 3^

•3'f 22 do ,,() 'JO

.M2 22 do ;;;, ^

•■11 G do 4-1 2-1

.47 2 do Gi; G

Prize Cluster and Baniur.

1st sowing, April 12, Prize Cluster.

2rul do do 19 do

3rd do do 2G do

4 th do -May ?, do

5th do do' 10 do

6th do do 17 do

Yield per acre.
Hush. Lbs.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

..37 22 Banner "1.'! 8

.48 IS do r,> ■)

■■■^S :iS do 5(1 .'il

■ 41) 7 do 75 .'ii

•41 14 do 8(1 10

.51 IG do 82 32

1893— Varieties sown, Prize Cluster and Banner

1st sowing,
2nd do

3rd
4th
5th
6th

do
do
do
do

April 19, Prize Cluster,
do 26 do

May 3 do

do' 10 do

do 17 do

do 24 do

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

...3G G

...48 8

...42 12

...■11 12

...42 32

...52 22

Banner,
do .
do .
do .
do ..
do .,

YieM per ncre.
Bu.<li, Lbs.

47 22

49 4

.'il IG

ru 32

(14 24

G7 32

u

I 1

i

32

EXt'EKIMENTAI, FARM, AdASSIZ, H. O.

1894— Varieties howii. Ahiiiiilancc and Uanner.

1st sowing, April 21, Abtiiidiince..

2ti(l ilo Miiv 1 lio

3r(l do (It) H do

4th do do l.'j do

5th do do 22 do

Otii do do 29 do

Yi( Id per ftpie. Yield por aero.

Hu.-h. I-bs. Bush, Lba.

11 i; Haniier -13 8

38 3 do 48 It]

41 10 do -12 27

32 T do 32 32

3r) 20 do 31 31

41 C do 47 22

Tlie average yield iter acre each year of all the varieties of oats
tested at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B.C., was as follows ; —

Hush. \A>3.

1891, average of twelve sowings 4-i J}",-

1892, do do r^S 23 [^

1803, do do 50 10

1894, do do 39 24|

Average yield per acre of each of the successive sowings of oats,
including all the varieties for the whole period of four years: —

Bush. Lb3.

1st soM'ing, average of eight tests 4-2 20|

2nd do do

3r(l do do

4th do do

5th do do

6th do do

On the Pacific coast the best year of the four was 1892, followed
by 1893, 1891 and 1894. In 1892 the average yield was about 16
bushels more per acre than that of the poorest year^ 1894.

In the week-apart sowings the earliest sowing has given the smallest
average yield, and the sixth sowing much the best. The fifth stands next
in order of yield to the sixth. As the last sown plot has given uniformly
during three years out of four the largest yield of any in the series, it
would appear that the latter half of May is the best time for sowing
oats in the coast climate of British Columbia.

Experiments with Bari.ky.

1891 — Varieties sown. Prize Prolific two-rowed and Baxter's six-rowed.

40

18J

45

«l

44

32^

48

n

57

H

Yield per acre,
iiiish. Lbs.

1st sowing, April 15, Prize Prolilic 23 26

2nd do do 22 do 23 A>i

3rd do do 29 do 23 li>

4th do May 6 do 22 44

5th do do 13 do 29 8

Gth do do 20 do 31 12

Yield per acre.
;ush. Lbs.
Baxter's six-rowed . ..20 10

do 22 24

do 20 40

do 22 4

do 23 16

do 28 16

1892 Varieties sown, Prize Prolific two-rowed and Baxter's six-rowed.

Yield per acre.
Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing, Aprill2, Prize Prolific 31 7

2nd do do 19 do 30 29

3rd do do 26 do 27 44

4th do do 3 do 39 10

5th do do 10 do 33 28

6th do do 17 do U 22

Yield per acre.
Bu.sh. Lbs.

Baxter's six-rowed 33 10

do 22 45

do 20 37

do 32 14

do 35 40

do 40 40

KXPERIMENTAL FARM, A(i/8SIZ B. P

1R08^- Varieties sown, Diiek-hill t'

Wd-rowecl and Haxier's six-rowod.

In tills instance only live plots oi' the Duek-i.ill were s(.wn.

Yield [ii'i acic
. . Hush. IA)A.

1st Sdwint,', Aiinl 10, [)iick.l,ill is ic,

-'n' 'lo ({() 'jc, ,|(, 17 i.|

'I'll ill) .Muv :; ilo 17 i.j

4th do
5th do
6th do

Aiiri

M.iv
di.
do
do

10
17
■J-1

Ilo

do
do
do
do

• It 8
21 12

Yield fiirucrt!.

liusll. 1,1)3.

llii\ti'i'.-i six-towed Ji) .10

do 17 2-\

do 10 \i

do 17 t

00 18 :iG

do 18 10

The nsual series of barley plots was sown in is'.tj, l,ut they were
very nin.-h injured by standin- water .luring; ihe time of the Hoo.l, and
the results were so unsatisfactory and irregular that if given in (his con-
nection they would only be niislea.ling. The flood did not overHow
any part of the Experimental Farm, but the open porous subsoil was so
hlled with water that it oozed through the surface in spots all
over the lower ground. The plots of oats on hi-her ground wer(. un-
injured, but those of barley and wheat were located on a lower level and
suflfered very much.

The .average yield per acre each year of all tlie varieties of bark-
tested at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B.C., was as follows :— '

1 tMi I „, 1-1 . Bush. Lbs.

I Mil, average ol twelve sowin<rs .. . yj. kuo

I «()';) -1,. .. • '^^ '"'12

1802,
1893,

do
do

^•5 2.3 ,«2
eleven sowings 17 4(3 «_

Average yield per acre of each of the successive sowings of barlev
Uicludmg all the varieties for the whole period of three yeaii.

Bush. Llis.

24 ;.7i

23 22f

22 3'

24 .'lO

2ti 454

average of five tests ,32 ^

Ist sowing, average of six tests

2nd do do

3rd do do

4th do do

5th do do

6th do

In the case of the barley also the season of 1802 f^ave much the
largest yield, followed by 1891, while the returns for KS9;J were verv
light. The average results from the first four sowings are fairlv even"
but there is a decided increase in the fifth and sixth sowings flie fad
that the larger yield of the last sown plot is shown almost uniformly
in the returns for each year, woul.l inuicate that from the 1.5th to 05^^
May 18 the best time for sowing barley in the neighbourhood of Agassiz.

Experiments with Spring Wiikat.

1891— Varieties sown, Campbell's White ChafT and White Connell.

^'l{'''rrr"^' Yield per acre.

3rd do So 29 :lo t 1^ fo ll" ?" «"

•tth do May 6 do do li n^ ^'" ''' 20

5"> do al 13 do t :;;:l8 4S t ;;;;:;^JS

do 20

do

do

i|:

.27 10

25 00

84

KXI'£IUMENTAL FARM, AGASHIZ, 11. 0.

1892— VarieticH sown, CanipboU'H Wliite Chaff and Ror) Fife.

Yield [PIT RfTb.
Bush. I ba.

1st sowiri((, April 12, CiiiiipbtH's Wliilo Cliud' :,ir» :<

2n(l do ilo 19 do du 21 10

3rd

(hi

do 20

do

•nil

do

May 3

do

Mil

do

do 10

do

6lb

do

do 17

do

do
do
do
do

.18 IKI
.2H 'JO
.28 110
.27 10

Yield per acrn.
Hush. Lbs.

Krd Fifu 32 10

do 21 60

(1(1 23 .30

(Id 32 20

do 28 45

do 31 50

1893 — Varieties sown, Campboll's VVliitc Chaff and Red Fife.

l8t9owiu(r, April 10, Campbell's While Chaff 17 oo

2nd do do 20 do do 22 00

3rd do May 3 do do 15 35

4th do do 10 do do 17 30

oth do do 17 do do 9 20

(ith do do 24 do do 15 52

Red Fife 2fi 12

do 20 III

do 25 H)

do 24 50

do 16 16

do 21 15

The usual serioH of wheat plots was sown la 1894, but they were so
much injured by water percolating through the soil during tlie period
of the flood that the results are not given for the reason that they would
be misleading.

The average yield per acre each year of all the varieties of spring
wheat tested at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B. C, was as
follows : —

Rush. Lbs.

1891, average of twelve sowings 20 28^^

l«92, do" do 2G 33,*^

1893, do

do

19 49^^

Average yield per acre of each of the successive sowings of spring
wheat, including all the varieties for the whole period of three years.

1st sowing, avcraire of six tests 24 4J

2nd

do

do

3rd

do

do

4th

do

do

5th

do

do

6th

do

do

22 . .

19 49^
22 4r

20 23 1
24 42|

In this instance, also the crop of 1892 was the largest followed in
the order of yield by 1891 and 1893. From the small and irregular
yields of Campbell's White Chaff in 1893 as compared with Red Fife
that year, an average of 16 bush. 11 lbs. against 23 bush. 23 lbs., it is
likely that, although the soil seemed equally good, it was neverthe-
less poorer and uneven in quality.

In the successive sowings the sixth plot makes the best record, but
the yield of the first and last are nearly equal, while the intermediate
sowings are all lower in yield. From this it would appear tnat spring
wheat may be sown at any time from the middle of April to the 20th of
May, with good prospects of success in that climate.

KXl'KRIMKNTAr, KAIIM, .\(».\H,SI/, II. C. 85

SlMMAIiV i>l' lii:si l.is Kolt TlIK \\ IIOI K i'KKIon.

'I'lic following,' ;in' tin- iivci'iim's for tlic whole of tlie test«; of all varie-
ties for tlie three or four yeiirs (liiriiiL; whii'h liiey have he.ii carrieti on
at the Ex])erimeiital Farm at Agassi/,, IJritish Coliiinhia.

Oats

Y icld per
Here.

Btish. Lbs.

Barley.

Vifid per j Yield per

iicre. I Spring Win' at. I iii'ie.

Isf .4o«inpr : 42 20ij I ' 1st soujnf,'.

-"(1 (Jo ' 4(5 18i II 2iiil do .

■''■(i do 4,5 88 I :ird do .

•tth ilo I 44 .'1j5 ''4lh do .

Sill do ' 4H tJ r.lh do

6tli do 57 41 'uth do .

Hll.lll. 1, 1)8.

24 37]l

23 22!J

22 ;ii

24 .'^O
20 45J
32 2

I l8t SDWilip.

I 2rid do .,

13rd do „

'4lh do .,

Cth do .

6th do ..

iillHll. LIlH.

24 4(j

22 00

l!> 4:.J

22 40

20 2.'i

24 42

The avera«j;e crop of each of lite different sorts of ^raiii is also siib-
mitte<i, (covering all the sowings of ail the varieties for the v\ ijole i.erioJ,
as follows : —

Yield per acre.
„ , . IJiiah. libs.

Oats (48 sowings) 47 15^

Barley (35 sowings) 25 2'^**

Spring wheat (36 sowings) 22 \(j^

("oMI'AUlSON OF YlKLD.S OF VAIilKriKS OF OaTS,

The different varieties of oats grown at the i:xperiniental Farm at
Agassiz, B.C., in these woek-apart sowings have yielded per acre as fol-

lows : —

Prize Cluster, Thrbk Years' Tests, 18 Sowings.

1st sowing, 1891
2nd do " .

3rd do "

4th do "

5th do "

6th do '>

Average for
three years.
Bush. Lbs Bush. Lbs.
1893, 36 6

37 15^

45 20

39 20j

■to 131

42 28|

50 13^

sow-

Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs

.38 18 1992, 37 22

. 40 00 " 48 18 " 48 8

. 37 22 " 38 28 '< 42 12

. 32 22 '« 46 7 " 42 12

• 41 6 " 44 14 '< 42 32

• 47 2 " 51 16 " 52 22
The average yield per acre of thi.s variety of oats for the six

ings in each year was as follows : —

Yield per acre.
,„_ . . . Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of six sowings 39 i7|

1892, do do 44 173

1893, do do 44 4

Average for the three years, 18 sowings. . . 42 241

BANXER, FOUR YEARS' TESTS. 24 SOWINGS.

Average for

Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

1st sowing. ISOl 43 8 1802... 53 H 1803... 47 22

2nd do •• 47 32 " ... ,',2 2 " . . 49 4

3rd do '• no 20 " ... 5ti .-il •' '. 5i i6

4th do " 39 14 " ... 75 31 ■■ 57 .32

5th do " 44 24 •• ... 80 10 •• ... 04 24

6th do " 00 0 '• ... 82 32 " ... 67 32

four years.
Rush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.
1804... 43 8 46 28J
•' ... 48 10 49 13J
" ... 42 27 50 15
" ... 32 32 51 18|
" ... 31 31 55 133
" ... 47 22 66 6

! I

3fl KXTKUIMKNTAIi h'AUJI, AUASSI/,. U. 0.

'I'lif avcra'ir' yicM per ucrc ul ISainicr i>;ils lor tlic six suwiiij^s in

<'!i('li yiii' i- us follows ; -

Virlil per iicre.

HuhIi. Dih.

iJs'.M, iivcniyc of six sowings 4h 2.'J

1H1I2, *\u do (HI UOJl

IHlUt, <lo do r^{^ 10

1HU4, do do n 5J(

Avcni;,'!' for tiic four yoarw, 24 sowings f»;t lO.i

Tiic only itllicr \;iritiy of oats used in tlifse li'sts, was tlio
Al>iin<laiict'. wliicli has \>ve\\ sown for one season only, 1804. 'I'lio
avoraj^e of tlic six sowinj^s of lliis varioty for that year was :i8 bush.
0* 11)H. per acre.

From the aliovi' iij^un's it will be seen that the average yield of the
Banner oat for I'oiir years has exeeeded tli;il of the Prize Cluster by K)
bush. 'JO lbs. per acre, from wliieh we may infer that the (dioice of a
prolilic variety of oats for sowing is of great importan(!e, and thi.s,
(!oupled witli medium late sowing, is likely to prove most prolital)le in
the vicinity of Agassi/,, U.C.

('oMI'AKISON OK ViKI.HS OK VaUIKTIKS OF BaUI.KV.

Ill the tests conducted at tlie P^xperimental farm at Agassiz, Il.C,
the dilferent varieties of barley have yielded per acre as follows : —

T\vo-u(»WKn Sours.

riuzK PKOi.ii'ir, TWO ykars' TEsrs, 12 sowixr.s.

Avfirnpe for
two yci.rs.
liusli. M).s. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

l8t sowing, IPOl 2:5 26 1892 :n 7 27 Ki^

2nd do " .... 2:{ 4() " [Hi 29 ,'30 13|

3rd do " .... 2:5 10 " 27 44 25 30

4th do " .... 22 44 " 39 10 31 3

5th do " .... 29 8 *' 33 28 31 18

0th do "....3112 " 41 22 30 17

The average yield per acre of the Prize ProliHo barley for the two
years' sowing is herewith given —

Bush. Lbs.

1891, average of six sowings 25 33?

1S92, do do 34 47ij

Average yield for the two years, 12 sowings 30 16^
Duck-l)ill, sown for one yeur only, 1893, 5

sowings, average 17 38

The average yield of the two varieties of tworowed barley named for
the three years, 17 sowings, was 20 bushels, 42 lbs. per acre.

liXI'KlllMKNTAI, KAKM, A(*A8S|/,, u. C. M

Six ituw 1:11 Sou IN,
riAxrnrs six-howei., tmukk vk.vk.s tksts, is s..uiv.;m.

IstNowirijr, |.!,i. ^,„ „, „ Kii.sh, l,hn.

■-'"'I 'I'. " •>■> 'a :'■' ;;; i- '«;'^-. ^0 40 'jr. 00

S ;l:: :: g.j :: ;; IV; ?:ia

"'V. ^"'" " -- " 'hS sf

I he av.-niK.. yield of this barley for each year w.is an f ws :_

\ ii'lil |ii'i' IIITO.

1N!)I, avciagoof hIx sowings ".'::''.':';'*•

Avfi-age yield fortJH-tlin.c vcars, |H,H.)wi„..V o, ,7a
r.. these exjM.rin.ents the average yield of the two-rowed l.arlev h,s
exeeede<l that of the six-rowed by 2 bushels. 24\ lbs. ^

C;oMl'AIUSON OK Y,K,,^s ,„,, \-,v,.,Kl,,.:s OK W.IEAT.

In the tests eondueted at the KxperiuH.,.tal Farm at Agassi.. B C
the difterent vanefes of spring wheal have yielded peraere^t follows -.2
CAMl'liKM/S U'HITK .;„A1.-K. Tnii..:K VKAUS' THSTS. ,8 SoVVfN.iS.

'^"^"' ''''■ «"«"• f^i^- Bush. Lb. i,:::z;^.

51 . do " 18 40 .. 2H 0"0 ^^ ■'" '"'" '*4

Oil. .10 " 21 10 " 27 iS '. 1;' ;? l« ■'o

The average yield per acre for the six Howi.igs of U.i;^ ,vheat eleh
year was as follows :— "^ ^'^ '-'*^"

1891, average of six sowings ^'!f^;- .!^"-

]''^'' do do ::::•■ ^4:^^.

Average for the three years, 18 sowings [..'. 2!! ;loi
RED FIFE, TV\^0 YEARS' TESTS.

B-h. Lb. Bush, Lbs'^T^s'iJ:^.;^"'-

let sowin,, 1S02, 3. ,0 ,aa3, .. ,, 'tu''

3rd do " 2'i -n .. 2^ "^^ -'4 15

4th do " P, :,1 „ 25 40 24 35

eth do " OQ 7^ ,. 2"^ 50 28 35

Cth do '. ,:;, 50 . .jjlj 22 00^

^^^Th. average yield per acre of the Red Fife for each yea." wa;i as fol-

Yield per acre
1892, average of six sowings . . ""1 .?'•

189^. do do ^..,:: 23 ^i

Average for the two years " " 35 536

li

;

38

CONCLTTSION8.

Another variety ol" wlioat. llie W'liitc Coniull, was sown for one
Reason 18iM, wlicii the aviiiiLre ol' tlie six sowings was 20 bushels, ti 1 ^
lbs. per acre.

It will be h^ea that as I'ar as tiicse tests at Ayassiz, B.C , have gone,
with oats and barley, the best avci'agc results have been had from tiu' last
two sowings the dates of which have varied in different years IVoni the
joth to the -iOth of jNIay. This experience is very different from that
obtained in tlie east, where early sowing of both these grains gives a great
advantage. This shows that it does not necessarily follow, that a
course which experience has shown to be the very best practice in the
eastern provinces, will be equally good in the west under other con-
ditions of climate.

In the case of the spring wheat, the last sowings have averaged the
best, the first sowings standing next in yield.

CONCLUSIONS.

The great variations which occur in seasons in different parts of
the Dominion as indicated by the figures which have been given, show
the necessity for caution in drawing any very positive conclusions; never-
theless some general deductions of a reliable and useful character may, I
think, be safely drawn from the experience which has been gained. The
varying results had in the different climates of the Dominion also serve
to show the great importance and usefulness of the branch experimental
farms, which give opportunity for conducting such valuable experiments
in the more important agricultural districts in the different Provinces and
Territories of the Dominion.

The average results of all the week-apart sowings at the Central
Experimental Farm, which may be taken as a fairly safe guide by the
farmers of Ontario and Quebec, continued during five years, show a
steady falling off in crop from week to week. Between the first and
second sowings both made within a week, the difference is not much,
but if seeding is delayed two weeks or more, the loss is very serious, as
shown by the following figures (omitting fractions).

thi
fini
of

Losses Eipciienccd at the Central Eiperi- Oats

mental riirni by delay in seeding.

. „».„. Barley. .Spring wheht

;Los9 per acre. Loss per acre. Loss per acre.

,o--s arising I'roui a delay
do do <lo

do du ilo

do do do

if two weeks,
three do .
four do .
live do .

Hush.

Lbs.

liiisli.

Lbs.

Bush.

Lbs.

VI

5

0

11

6

.31

16

20

i;!

2

8

35

I'O

1

18

30

9

31

'j;t

1

It)

37

11

12

CONCLUSIONS.

39

This is a most important lesson which should be taken t,. heart bv
farn.ers Generally throughout Ontar;<, and Quebec, and ea y Z in'
should become the general practice. ^ °

At the Experimental Farm at Nappan, N. S., where the cli.nUe
a.rly represents the larger part of the Maritime Provinces, t L ;, it
of ye,y early seed.ng does not appear to be so vital. The verag ,f h
hrst three sowings have produced results nearly equal ; th. suCu
sc,w.ngs however, sho. a considerable falling off.'whi^h is steady ^
Meek to week, except in the case of the wheat.

Losses Experienced at the E.tp-rimental Farm
Nappnn, N.S., by delaj ia seeding

Loss occuring from a delay of tluee w,.,ks
^° 'I'J do (ive do

Oats.
Loss per acre

Uuah. Lbs.

Barley. Wheat.

Loss per acre. Loss per acre.

Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.

8
10

29

6

6
10

3

30
00

5 40

1 58
3 57

At the l,x,,on,.,e„lal Fam, at Brandon, Man., there was no material
al , ng off .„ the ,,eld of either oat, or wheat, nntil the last two sow I!
m barley the later sowings have given the best resnit, : henee iti"" ■~^;
ap,...,o-, as far as these tests have gone, that o,..-l. seeding iltl"'
a.lv.>n.ageon, for JIanitoba. The seeding of w'neat and'ol' .o .d"
h,....er,^be hn,.,„ed h, the .0th u, the ..th of May, and barleyftht

At the Experimental Farm at Indian H.-ad, the advanta-e thron,.h
b) .he .6th to the 25th of May, depending on the earliness of the season

finished in the eoast climate of British Co, b.a^b;'!:':-;:^^'^:

■ Ji i

40

CONCLUSIONS.

COMPAKATIVE YIELDS OF GRAIN FROM THE SEVERAL
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.

The respective yields of some of the different varieties of grain which
have been tested at the several Experimental Farms in these week-apart
sowinu^s, will now be given, referring only to those whu-h have been
tested for several years, and omitting fractions.

Average Yields

of all

week-apart sowings of gram.

Central

Kxpe-

Expe-

rimcntal

rimental

Farm, Nap

Farm.

pan, N.S.
Yield per

Yield per

acre.

acre.

Expe-
rimental

Farm,
Brandon,

Man.
Yield per

acre.

Expp-
rimcntal
I Farm, In-
dian Head,
I N.W.r.
I Yield per
acre.

Oats.

Bush. Lbs. i Bush. Lbs.

Prize Cluster

Bii'iner

Average of all varieties tested.

Bablky.

Ttoo-rowed anrtn.

Prize Prolific •.■••.••;••,■ v

Average of all varieties tested

Six-rowed «oc(».

36 28
47 18

39 4

3-1 42

•27 n

16
12

Bush. Lbs.iBush. Lbs

SO 16 1 60 2
65 4 57 17

•10 3
35 2

Baxter's six-rowed ..... ..•.•■■

Average ot all varieties testea

Average of all barleys ; 29 23

Wheat. i

HedFife...... ..•■•••• ■■••

Campbell'.- White Chafif.

10 31
19 3

Average

of all wheats j 1^ ^

;i;t IS
30 26

2>^ 23

28 23

29 25

14 14
21 48

20 35

59 16

47 9

.35 5
38 41

44 37

29 55
23 20

27 32

54 9

.7) 1
35 20

45 47
35 17

•35 18

Expe-
rimental
Farm,
A(:assiz,

B C.

Yield per

acre

Bush. Lbs.

42 24
53 10

47 15

.30 16
2ii 42

24 17

24 17

25 23

25 14
32 24

27 .39

25 .53

20 .30

22 16

Average yields per acre on all the E.xperimental Farms combined.

Oats.

)4 1)

Bush. Lbs.

Prize Cluster, average of 92 tests -^Ji ■''

Banner, average of 1 10 tests

Bart.ky.

Tipo-rowed Sorts.

Prize Prolific, average of 40 tests 36 18

Average of all varieties tested, 129 tests. ... 32 .i5

Six-rowed Sorts.

Baxter's six-rowed, average of 68 tests., .... 32 28
Average of all varieties tested, 83 tests 3! 22

Whea'i.

Red Fife, average of 87 tests. . . . .... . . • • • 20 41

Campbell's White Chaff, average of 81 tests. 23 2 1

conclusions. .|

Summary of all Tksts.

In the following are included all the tests which have been made, in
all the svoek-apart sowings at all the Experimental Farms.

Average of all varieties of Oats tested, 231 ^"'^' ^^''
tests ^H ^.

Average of^^all varieties uf Barley Vested" 'M'>

tests.. ..,...'""' 32 1-

Average of all varieties of WheattVsted"2"'u

t^^t« 21 38

It cannot be denied that many of the week-apart sownings which have
been referred to in the foregoing pages, have given comparatively poor
returns for the reason that the grain has been sown out of season At
the expenmental farms in the eastern provinces, many of the plots have
been sown too late, while at the western farms some have been sown too
early. It does not seem too much to expect that intelligent farmers
throughout the Dominion should raise crops equal to the average yields
which have been had in these tests at the experimental farms, where many
of the crops have been grown under such unfavourable conditions The
experimental farms are not model farms as to quality of soil or produc
tiveness, and there are many good farmers who, with better land, can and
do raise heavier average crops than any produced on the experimental
farms ; but unfortunately many others fall far short of this and the
average crops of Canadian farmers, taking the country throughout, are
not what they ought to be.

pats Barloy. Wheat.

The census of 1801 gives the following as the avera.f '" '"'■ '^'" '"^^^^ ''''■

yields of grain per acre in 1890 for the whole
Dominion .,„

The official estimate of the crops iFor6litarioV"i7c's tile '^'^ '^ *^

average for the past 12 years as '. 34 n „. „ ,. ,

The average of all the week-apart plots on all the Exl ^^ ^

perimental Farms has been 47 35 32 17 21 3S

un

If the ofhcial returns of Ontario and the Dominion are correct, there
must be large areas of cultivated land in the Provinces and Territories
outside of Ontario which yield very small crops. In any case it is
oyident that there is much room for improvement. Serious reductions in
yield may be avoided by sowing at the proper time, and important chains
may be made by selecting for seed the best yielding sorts. The Pri.e
Cluster and Banner are both excellent varieties of oats, but as shoNvn in the
results of all the tests reported here, conducted on all the experimental
farms, when grown side by side for a series of years, the Banner has aver-
aged 10 bushels and 13 lbs. per acre more than the Prize Cluster, while
the latter las given nearly double the yield, which according to the
census was the average return of the Canadian farmer in 1890

|!l

42

CONCLUSIONS.

Wl.c„ we take into comi<loratio„ the large area of land under crop
in Can'l Hi ght average increa e n.akes a surprUing total mthe gau,
" tirtrtolec untry. According to the censu,, the land occupted m
C^nt^ to 8 b, oat,, wheat anu oarley. wa, 7,7M 747 --s dw.ded
,"to low» ;-Oat;, 4,129,700 ; wheat, 2,7.23,884, and barley, 881 894^
The "dlition of L .ingle bunhel of oat. per acre to the acreage g.ven
wld a It per lb. , add nearly H million dollar, yearly to the meo^e
TfCata" in tanner,; ^ similar addition to the wheat crop would gwe
aLthr million ; »»« - "ushel to the acre added to the barley crop
r d adi half a '.nilllon more. Canadian ^-'^^2:Z:'Z"^

1 .f ,.rW.f. for Ln-ain but there seems to be no doubt that they can, oy
Zto.^ C 'r it the mo.t favourable period,, to each Province and

Ter l».rand by the e.erci,e of iutelligence in the ,elect,on of the
"o'toc varfetie, for ,eed, add considerably to the annual yeld.
That there i, a general awakening among Canadian farmer,, which

ofier to tMrrefpect,' are becomtog more generally apprecated.

^3 V*