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ZAVITZ, U.S.A., KXl'KRIMENTALIST. Ji:i PUBLISHED BT TUB BEPARTMElfT OF AORICULTUBE November fil, ISit'J. ! !■• )■ i: ; TORONTO PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS MINISTER OF AORICULTURB Hon, John Dryden, Toronto. Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Guelph, under control of the Minister of Agriculture/ James Mills, M.A. Thomas Shaw A. E. Shuttlbworth, B.A J. HoYKS Panton, M.A., F, F. C. GuENaiDE, V.S. . . H. H. Dean, B.S.A. E. Law HENCE Hunt, B.A. Captain V/alter Clarke C. A. Zavitz, B.S.A. H. B. Shabhan, B.S.A. . . A. McCallcm . . President. Professor of Agriculture and Farm Superintendent. , Sc Professor of Chemistry. G.S. Professor of Natural History and Geology. Professor of Veterinary Science. Professor of Dairy Husbandry. Assistant Resident and Mathematical Master. Instructor in Drill and Gymnastics, Experimentalist. Assistant Chemist. Bur«ar. ADVISORY BOARD. C. C. James, M.A., Secretary John J. Hobsok, Chairman Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Toronto. Mosborough, County of Wellington. ^11 BULLE]TIN LXXXIII. PART I. !| >ar. FEEDING SHORN AND UNSHORN LAMBS IN WINTER. This experiment began on December 3rd, 1891, and closed on April 12th following, thus covering a period of 131 days. It is the second of a series of experiments having the same objects in view. The results of the first experiment are given in Bulletin lxviii, issued in 1891, The objects of the experiment include the following, viz. : 1. To ascertain whether shorn or unshorn lambs will give the best returns for the food consumed iu winter. 2. To ascertain the relative gains that will result from liberal feeding at such a time. 3. To ascertain the cost of feeding lambs for fattening purposes in the winter season on the ration used in this experiment. 4. To ascertain the adapta- bility of the work to the conditions of Ontario. The Animals Selected. Twenty lambs were chosen from those obtained in Eastern Ontario, and which reached the farm August 29th, 1891. These lambs are more fully described in Bulletin lxxvii issued earlier in the year. As will be apparent from the weights, these lambs were above the average of the lot from Eastern Ontario, although they were not above the average of the grade lambs of the whole country speaking in a general way. They were of mixed breeding, the blood of the long wools probably being in the ascendant. Conditions Governing the Experiment. On November 30 ch, the lambs were divided into two groups of ten each. The fleeces were then removed from those of one group. On December 3rd they were all weighed separately and the experiment commenced. The pens in which they were fed and the yards attached were the same as those used in the corresponding experiment of the previous year, and which are described in Bulletin lxviii, page 4. The lambs in both groups were given the same kinds and the same qu intities of food, except in the item of hay, of which they were given all they would take. They were weighed every month. Food and Feeding. The* food fed to the lambs throughout the experiment consisted of hay, grain, bran and roots. The hay was principally clover, and it was fed uncut. The grain and bran ration I i' r J was made up of 3 parts oats, 2 parts peas, and I part >vhoat bran by weight. The oats and peas were fed whole. The roots consisted of turnips and man^elH fed at different seasons, and they were sliced before being fed. The whole was given in two fi;eds per day, morning and evening. They had access to water and salt at will. Estimated Value oj the Food. The hay, grain and roots were estimated at the current market values in Guelph, less the cost of marketing from an Ontario farm under average conditions. (See Bulletin lxviii, p. 5.) The home value put upon the hay there- fore was $9 per ton, the oats 26 cts. per bush., the peas '0 cts. per bush , the roots sliced G cts. per bush , and the bran was put at $14 per ton. It will also be observed as stated in previous bulletins that in all probability a profit his already been made on the marketable food used, providing it has been grown upon the farm, as in this experiment the food was charged at the full market values less the cost of marketing. This profit will be represented by the difierence between the cost of growing the food and the value put upon it. Food Eaten. The total amount of food eaten by the lambs of each group was the same, except in the case of hay. In each they con- sumed 1,665 lb. grain and bran, and 6,550 lb. roots. The unshorn Iambs consumed 1,832 lb. hay and the shorn lambs 1,885 lb. The amount of food eaten therefore per day by the average lamb was : Oats 635 1b.) Peas 424 lb. ; 1.271 lb. grain and bran. Bran 212 1b.) Roots 5.000 lb. Hay 1.418 lb. Total 7.689 lb. The ration was uniform and constant throughout with the exception of the grain portion of it, which was increased at the end of 60 da.TS. All the hay was given to the lambs that they would eat. • In the corresponding experiment of the previous year the average daily consumption of food was 8.81 lb., and with the 100 lambs fed for the British market in the winter of 1891-92, it was but 4.87 lb. The marked difference in the amounts eaten is caused in part by a difference in the size of the lambs, and in part by aiming to finish them quickly in the one case and more leisurely in the other. It will be interesting to compare the results when we get sufficient data from which to draw conclusions safely. ^ TFet^A<«.'" The. unshorn lambs averaged 104.25 lb. at the com- mencement Jof the experiment, and 141.6 lb. at its close. The shorn \l 1 t lambs weighed 101.15 lb. and 132.3 lb. respectively at the corres- ponding dates. The increase in weight was therefore a little more than 6 lb. in the aggregate in favor of the unshorn lambs. Had they been shorn earlier in the season the results might have been different. In the corresponding experiment which is to follow, the lambs will be shorn at a period considerably earlier. The average daily gain of each lamb was .262 lb. or a little more than \ lb. per day. While these lambs consumed daily 2.82 lb. more of a ration very similar in kiml to that fed to the lambs in prepara- tion for the British market, they gained but little more per day. This would seem to intimate that we can easily go too fast in fattening lambs, but there are various considerations to be taken into the reckoning before we draw any hard and fast conclusions. Table i gives a summary and an analysis of weights. i.' I i Weight at commencenient Weight at closo Increase per group Average daily increase per group Average individual increaHe Average individual daily increase Unshorn. 1042.5001b. 1416.000 " 373.500 " 2.851 " 37.350 •• .285" Shorn. 1011.5001b. 1323.000 " 311.500" 2.378 " 31.150" .238" Values. Table ii gives the financial results of the experiment. 1 n ', Unshorn lambs. Shorn lambs. Cost of animals at commencement of the test .... '* shearing $ c. 52 10 8 c. 50 65 50 27 97 1 36 80 38 92 61 5 85 16 53 114 99 34 61 43 06 " food 27 73 1 36 81 19 99 12 " attendance Total cost Value of animals at close -^f test " wool " manure 16 63 115 65 34 46 42 44 Total vahie Total gain Gain per cent, on the whole transaction. ■11 T" 6 I'lio lamba were valued at 5 ots. per pouud live weight at the com- m mcoment of the experiment. We received an offer of 4| cts. per pound for all the lamba at that time, but they were put at the price namod as they were somewhat superior in quality to the average of the lambs then on hand. The cost of shearing was put at 5 cts. per head. The attendance was reckoned on the basis that one man would care for 800^ lambs when the food is all prepared. (See Bulletin lxxvii). At the close of the test the lamba were sold to Mr. L O. Barber, live stock dealer, Guelph, for 7 cts per pound live weight. They wore sent to the Halifax market. The wool from the 10 shorn lambs weighed 45 lb. and was sold ut 13 cts. per pound. The quantity of the manure was estimated from that made by the lambs sent to Britain, and the major portion of which had been weighed. (See Bulletin lxxviii, p. 14). The estimate was further based on the respective quantities of food consumed daily by the two lot