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niiii

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

256

MOiYOGRAPIIS

OP TUB

D I P T E R A

Ol'

NORTH AMERICA.

PART III.

PRBl'ARED FOtt THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BY

H . L O E W

:,..■■=?■.

K '••■

••■' t' t.'

1. ■ 4'i

■« V -fl

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN IXSTITUTION.

I)K''EMHKU. 1S73

■•?f!

A I>VK II T I SK M KXT,

Mil.

iS';

W-'r^l^

The present puhliciitioii is I'art III of a work uiioii the Dip-
Icni of Nurlli Aiiicrica, prepared al tlie reipiest of tlie Sinilli-
soiiiaii liistitiitidii, l»y J)r. 11. Loew, df (iiil)eii, Triissia, well
km>\vii as one of tliu iiujst eniiiiont eultivators of this branch of
cntoniolo};)'.

The first part of this series of nionojrraphs was pnlilishcd in
l.S(i2, and included the families of 'I'njpdiiUv, Hi'iomyzidiK,
JJ/i/ii/(Iri)ii(hr, and Cccidomi/idiv. The second i)art appeared in
1S()4, and consisted |)riiicipally of a nionofjraph of tlw; DohClio-
])0(li(ltv. The fourth part was issued in 18(1!), ciul»racing' a
nionograph of jtart (»f tin? Tipitlithr.

They were not puhlislied in sc(iuence, but in the order in
which materials coidd be collected for their preparation. The
original manu.'-cript of Dr. Loew was written in (ierman, and
the Institution is indebted to IJaron II. Osten-Sacken for trans-
latinj? it into Enirlish; and
York, for revising and correcting the proof-sheets, in the absence
of Baron Osten-Sacken.

Mr. ]l. A. Witlhaus, Jr.. of New

J USE I' II llKNTxY

WAsnixaTON', Dec. 1873.

Hecrciarj ,S. /.

fit

1 1 . >■

•li'

I'liir.Ani'i.piiiA :

f <> I. 1. I X «, !• 11 1 VT V. B.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

^ ' ',■

M5

THE FAMILY ORTALIDiE.

PART FIRST.— JNTKODUCTION.

The EunoPKAN ORTALiHiB .

Meigen's ecmis Ortnlis .......

1. Cliuiactfi-ri wliiiOi Meigen's species of Ortalis liave ii

cniiiinon ........

2. Species erroneously placed in the genus Ortalis

The other European Ortalidm ......

1. Forms reseniMiiig Orlnlin himrd ....

2. Forms resemlilim; Oilnlis si/iii/riiesiir

3. Forms reseml/ling Or/dlis /luliKliim

4. Forms not resembling any of Jicigen's species

Aciphorea not lielonging to tin; Ortaliclie ....
Summary of the Kuropeaii Ortaliiho ....

Tin; OKTAI,in;K OTHKR THAN EriMPEAN .....

a. In Wiedemann ........

h. In Roll. Desvoidy ........

c. In Mac(iuart ........

<l. In Walker .........

e. lu Bigot, (lerstaecker, Doleschall, and Saunders .

naturaii cnaractkrs op thk i'amii.y outai.ip.h

Relationship of tiik Oktai.ih.h ......

Diagnostic ok autikkial, dkfimtion ok tiu-: Oktaijd/t:

( iii )

PAOK
• >

S
ill

11
II

i:>

19
2(1
27

28
30
31

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IV

TAUI.K UK (ONTENXS.

TAUT SECOND.— SYSTF:MATI(' DISTHIBrTION OF

TUK OKTALID.::.

Finsr iiivfsins: uwrhLWA'. having tiik first lon(ii-

TUDINAL VEIN UlilSTl.Y OR HAIRY 312

PA(iK

FiKMT Skction: I'YRCOTINA . :W Tiiiui. Section: CKPIIALINA . 48

SixoND Skction: I'LATYSTO-
MINA .... 30

Fii-Tii Sixtion: PTKROCAL-
LINA 58

SECOXD D/VrsrOX: ORTALIDVE HAVING TIIK FIRST LON-

(JlTrDINAL VKIN BAKE (J!}

FiBST Section : ULIDINA . W | Secoxd !>kcti..n: RICHARUINA Ctj

PAllT Till HI).— Tin-: NOHTII AMEUICAN
OllTALIDJ].

FinsT nivisiox: ortalidte

TUDINAL VKIN BRISTLY OR
First Section : I'YRGOTINA . 72

(ieii. I. 1'ykoota WieJ. . 7-

1. luillepuuctatfi I.w. J . 73

2. undata ICj.v/. ■J, . J . 77

3. vespiTtilio Gerst. % . 7i>

4. pterophoiina Girst. 9 • 81

I
Second Section: PLATYSTO-

MINA . . . . 83

Ocii. I. Ampiiicnrpiies nov.
cell. . . . ■

83

HAVING THE FIRST LONGI-
HAIRY

4. vaiialiilia n. np. "J,

.'). llavimaiia ii. sp. "J) • J .

tj. iiiicaiis u. Hp. 9 ,

7. i>allida ii. sp. % .^

Gen. IV. Stenopterina J/arv/.
1. caeinlesueiirt n. sp. ■J, .

Gen. V. MisciiiPOASTER.l/dc//.

Gen. VI. Myrmecomyia /{.

Desv

1. myrmecoideo Liv. % . 5

ill
'.•2
94

itt;

!»7

118

0!)
It 10

1. peitusus nov. sp. %.^ 84

Gen. II. IIiMRRoi-;ssA n. g. . H5

1. pretiosa n. sp. % . 85

Gen. III. RiVELLiA R. De.v: 87

1. coiijiMicta 11. sp. 9 • 88

2. viridnlans /?. />Mc. '^ .9 88

3. ijiiadrifasci.'ita Macq. %, 9i'

Third Section : CEPHALINA . 102

Gen. I. Tritoxa n. g. . . lt'2

1. flexa Wird. %.<^ .102

2. inenrva n. sp. ^ .9 • 1"4

3. cnneata n. sp. 'J, . 9 . 1('7

Gen. I' ('AMPTONEriiA .l/on/. 1('8

1. picia Mn,;,. ■^.9 . \W

.! r

TAliLE «»P (H»NTKNT8.

I'ADK

(Jen. 111. DiACRiTA (Jrrsl. . Ill
1. tostiilis l.ir^t. % .111

12. a'liiula II. Hp. 9 • • 1 1°^

GhII. IV. Il.ANA II. g. . . 11.')

1. iiiurgiiiata Say, 9 • H-''

FonuTH Sixtion: ORTALINA lis

0«U. I. AUTOMOLA II. (<. . 118

Ot'Il. II. TeTAXOI'H Fn/I. . Ill)

1. liiriili|peiiiiisii.,si). ^ . 9 H'-*

2. iiitegia n. sp. ^ . .121

Gen. III. Tkpiikoxota Lw.
1. luuiiilis Am'. ^ . 9

122
123

Oen. V. Anacampta I.w.
1. latiusLulii Lw. ^ . 9

TAIIK

120
lUO

flen. VI. A rosi'ASMii A n. g. llil

den. IV. Ckkoxys Man/. . \2^t

1. obscuricoriiis n.sj>. ^ . 9 12()

2. ouliriforiii.s n. Hp. 9 • 1^'>
;?. siniilis 11. sp. 9 • • 1-"
4. caniis Lw. 'J, . 9 . .128

Si:roxr) DIVISIOX: ORTALID/E
(JlTl'DINAL VKIN BAIiK

FikstSkctio.n: ULIDINA . H.")

(ien. I. 1)A!<YM1'.T0PIA f.w. . 145

(ien. II. Okdopa f.w. . . 14i)

1. capito I.w. i . 9 • • ^■1'5

Oeii. HI. Notookamma I.w. 14S
1. stigiua Fbr. . .148

Gen. IV. Ei-piiaka Am). . Ifiit

(Jen. V. AcKosTicTA Lie. . 151

Oen. VI. Skoptkua h'irhi/ . I'd

1. colon f.w. ^ . 9 • • I'''-

Oen. VII. Ei-xRST.v /.w . l.V$

1. spoliata Ln: % . . 1,')4

2. pusio /jr. 9 . . l.''i.5
o. nolata W'l'd. -t, . 9 . l.'-ll 1

riKTii

Skptiox : I'TKKOCAL-
Ll.NA .

V.Vl

Gen.
1.

I. I'TKIioi ALI.A /iOiid.
Wtligllla II. .-.p. 9

V'.-l
i;;:i

(Jen.
1.
2.

3.
4.

II. Stutiickphala
iiibciliim 11. up. % . 9
eiilpiuiii 11. ^^p. 9
cortiealis Jitih, in litt

h-9 • ■

van Say, 9

1:^4
134

. 1:m
. 138

Gen
1.

III. (\\I.U)PISTI!IA n. g

anmilipf's .Mar<i. "^ . 9

140
141

(Jen
1.

IV. Myk.nms A'. l>,-si'.

•scuti'llaris Wiml. 1 . 9

142
143

HAVING THE FIRST LON

4. nitidiventris n. sp. 9

5. cohtalis A'/.r. 9 .
'.). iiiiaternaria l.ir. 9

7. Iiinotata In ^ .

8. aiiii(in.*B l-'li\ 5j . 9
!). Tlioiiia' I. If. I .9

1(1. aliiioininalis Lie. ■J, . 9

1 1. alteriiaiis A«'. ^

12. sliiiiiiatias l.tr. 'J, . 9

13. eluta Lw. 'J> . 9 •

(Jen. VIII. Cii.KTc.psis Lw.

1. ;cliea WinL 'J, . 9

2. .leLilis Lw. 9

Gen. IX. Hypoeeta Aw.

t.';:;'. X. Stenomyia Alt'.
1. tenuis Lw. ^

145

\^1
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l.V.)
1 CO
1(;2
1(13
103

Idli

1118

i<:i)
170
172

173

173
174

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TAHLK OF CONTENTH.

rAftK

(len. XI. Katiitttopia JA/c/. 17r>

1. lUllpt'rt il/f/c/. J, . . iTri

2. varipert /.w. V • . 17ti

.Skiom)Sk( tkin: UICIIAUDINA 177

(inn. I. CoMCKi's II. i;. . 177

1. Uigur II. .-p. ^ ^ . 17b

Oeu. n. RuiiAiuiiA li. Ihsr, 178

(iell. III. CvHTu.MKTDPA II. g. 17!)

(ieii. IV. Stk.nomacua ii. g. \W

1. (luuiiiiii li^yot, ^ .? IbO

0«U. VI. KUULK.NA U. g.

lb»i

Ari'EXDIX.

a«n.
1.

VII. IllIiiTVI'A 11. g.

iippeiiilii'uliita 11. Mp.
l-? . . . .

I*A(IK

IMI

I8:i

O.n.
1.

VIII. Stknkkktma 11. g.
luticiiuilii II. sp. ^

1st;
lb7

fJell.
1.

IX. r<KI.<iMKT()l'IA Mtlrij,

liiiimuuluta ii. sp. % ,

ISS
iMt

(iHII.
1.

X. IIkmixa.ntiia 11. g. .
Hpiiiipcs 11. sp. 9

T.iit
1!)0

(Jell
I.

XI. iMkla.nolomv 11. g.

atliiiiri II. sp. '\j

10-2

(ieii

1.

XII. Kimpi.atea Iav. .
* rosa l.w. 2

l!tl
11)4

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The North Ameiican Ortalitla' which hav« not bwn seen by the

Author \'M

Sai/.Jourii, Aidd.Xat. Sc.Phil.
OrtalLs ligata .

Ruli /h'sriilili!. ]fii(ul<iires,

MiM-k. Ill I'liilailelphica .

Walker, Jus Suuiiilnsianu,
()|•tali^: basalU "^ . 9

Mac<inart, I)l/)t. Entt.
lleriiia iiiexicaiia

Walhcr, Lht nf Dipt. etc.
Urtalis inassyhi 9 •

197

Ortalis (?) diopsidos 9 . 2(i(i
Oitiilis (.'; costalis 9 . lidl

1 Mdci/iKirt, /lijil. Exdt. Sitjipl.
197 Urophora aulinaruiu

I Bigot, /ftininii (li> In Smira, Hist.
19S I ,//.s-. (/. /. /,s/« ,1a Cuba.

I Ulidia fulvifioiis

199 Walker Trans. Ent. Soc.
Ortalirt bipars .
! ISi'icinuia

191) flexivitta 9

201

202

202
202
203

M.

l!

Index

205

' I

TAIll.K iiF n>NTKNT.S.

Vll

REVIEW OF TFIE NOimi AMERICAN
TRY PET IN A.

I'Aiii:

/iitidiluctioii -11

Li^l (if lilt- (li'scrilifil speoicH ........ 1214

l»fsci'ii)ti()ii of till' ^l•tM•i('^^ ........ liM

.Aiialytlfiil taliU' of tli« Hiualler gctiiT.i, mlopti'd for tlio North Aine-

rii'.iii Trvpi'liH .......... 15-7

l)i:<tiil>utioii of tliH North .Anifricaii 'I'ryju'tiu among th« nilojite<l

smaller gunera 32i)

CiMiiparisoii between the Kurupeau and the Amt'iican fauna of Try-

petina . . ........ :!:!1

Ari'KXDIX I.

Critical enumeration of all the North Am>'rican Trypi'tiiia ilcsciihi'il

by other Authors . ....... '.\?>'>

APIM-XDIX II.

Di'Scriptlon of the five North American TriipvtidiB containeil in

"Kuijeuierf Rosa, etc.," Zoolo-i, Part VI 34f»

^4

I'AilK

Trypeta lioi^astiT Thorns. 34n
femoral is Tlnuiix. 342
acutangula Thmns. 'M2

Indrx ......

l'^\r;..VNATiox OP the plates

I-AOK

Trypeta anrifera Tlmms. . '.WW
genalis T/tiinis. . 344

:i4!)

- d-

V l.C

P^»

NOTE FROM TIIK TRANSLATOR.

Rpadera of these "Monot,'ra])hs" may noti(rf diserepancies in sonic minor
jiniiits of the terminology usctl in tlif first volume from that of the follow-
iiiii ones. A few words of explanation are tlierefoie him— ssary. The lit-Jt
volume was translatod from Sir. Loew's (Jerman manrscript into iMiulish
hy a (terman friend of his (see Vol. I. p. v). Th^ second and tliiid
volumes were translated eitlier hy me. or under Tiiy supervision. Altliouu'h
in all essentials the terminoloiry adopted in Vol. I was followed, some
cliamips, which I thtuiglit would he improvements, were introdnceil.
Thus, feet was used for /c/s ; ovipositor, for hnrer ; cro-;-ivein, for tnnixi-cxi'
vi'ni ; arista, for antpiiinil lo-ht/p ; thus tr(tnxrf>rfin xhniilil, r rriii came to he
Inuiieral crossvein, and himlcr fraiisrirsp nin. posterior cmssvein. etc.
None of these changes can give rise to any error or uncertainty. — <). S.

^%

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h (I

1» I 'H

Vfi.;l

DITTERA

or

NORTH AMERICA,

1*AUT III.

THE FA)1ILY OUTALIDi!.

I.

INTRODUCTION.

In tlio vnriety of fi)riiis tlic Orhilida' ure hardly surpassed hy
any other family of diplera; at ihc same time, they are liardly
equalled by any in the iniporiiinee of the struetural difl'erenees
oeeurrinjf anionj; them; hence, they may he considered as one
of the mo,<t interesting families of the onh r. Nevertheless,
hut little has hcen done as yet for tiie exact definitiun of the
limits of this family, as well as for its suhdivi^iou into smaller
groups.

It would be impossible, therefore, to attempt a satisfactory
descriplinn of the North American species of Ortalida, without
lirst settling the questions of the true limits of the family, of
its relationship to other families, and of the characters upon
which it is established. It would also be in(lisi)ensable to
break the family up iu subordinate groups and these groups in
genera.

Of all these requirements, only one ha.s been, as far as I can
see, fulfilled, and that is, the definition of the limits between
the Trijpetidse and the Orlalidse, which I have tried to draw as
well as I could, in the first volume of these monographs and in
niy earlier work on European Trypetidse.

1 (1)

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mi'TKHA OI" Nninil AMl'.KICA.

[

I'AUT III.

'I'liniii^li tlio succcssivf, alllinii,i;li (liscdiiiicctcd, |)iililic;il

H)I1S

uf sfViTiil iiulliors tlic s_vsl«'iii;ilic iirr;iii^riiu'iit ol" llic Ortdlnln,
like tliat of sdiiif nilicr I'iiinilits ol' iliiilcia. lias jrraduallv rcnclicd
a state of (■(iiit'iisiuii wliicli it is iiii|inssilil(' to unravel willuml a
(ietaileil ami SiPiiiew lial leii^-ll:y (liseussioii. I may lie cxeiisi d,
tliiTelore, if I jirelaee liic (le.<cri|il iim nf a eomparatively small

iiiimiter of A merit an sjieeies li}- an un

I usually

lung inlrudueliiry

er.

eliapt

In order to point nut tlie relntionsliip of tlie Or/tilid.r with
otluT families, as well as the diiVerenei's wliieli distinu-iiisli them,
il is necessary, first of all, lo di>eovir ihuse characters whiili
•sei'veto deline the family.

TlIK Ml ItoI'KAN OUTAI.mi'E.

The e.\amim)tion of the works of Meijieii, the founder of
Kvsteunilie dipterolojiV, will alVord a solid liii.--is to pmeeed IVdm,

at)i.

I will 1)eu;in with the Miirupean speide.s wliieh are the Ion
known and the hest Invest igated.

Tlio inH'1eus of the I'lnro'iean ()rlti!iil;\ is fornn-d of 1 1

lose

vipecies w liieh Meifreii has liroii<:ht tofi'elher in the !>-enns (*/V^///s,
a ^I'lins which, in his aeeeptal ion, far exceeded the limits which
w are aci'Mistonn d to give to iicnera at present.

1. Ch-.iiaeters wliieh Meigcn's species v'i Ortalis have in
common.

I discovered a, number of characters which the species of
this genus have in common, and which also occur in many
species added to tlu; genus hy sul>se(|ucnt authors. These com-
mon characters, to the exclusion of those which also belong to
most of the neighboring families, nr(> the following: —

Front broad in both sexes; a more or less distinctly developed
snnill callosity runs from each corner (»f the vertex down the
front ; it bears in frtmt of the lateral bristle of tin; vert(\\ one
or two distinct additional brislU's ; beyond this, the front is beset
with only short luiirs, or else (piit<' bnre; it never has the second
row of bristles, nearer the orl>it, which distinguishes all tin;
genera of Tn/prtid.r.

!yes bare, even under a strong lens; the compound inioro-

(?eope shows only some sjiars*', very short hair.s.

(IHTA1.I1>.V. — IN rUtlD; ("IION.

3

Tho frontal fisstiro is distinct, hut the froiitnl hiiuilc is not
piislicd lip US far as tlir I'ltPiit, so as to sccni to form a part of
it ; on tlic C'liiti'iiiT, it tipp<'ars iis tlir upprr part of tlic fare.

Vilirissii', swell US \\\v\ appear in all tlic jjcin'raof Uf/(iiiii/:i(!ir,
are not extant.

Tlie clypeiis is always distinct. Tin' ])alpi are ratlicr lirond ;
the ])rol)oscis more or less stout.

Tlie nictalliorax is larger than usual, very iiineli projcotiiif?
interiorly and posteriorly.

The feet short and strontr, rather than lonj; nii<l slender;
middle tihia' distinctly spurred ; iVoiit and hind tiliia' spnrless ;
the erect bristle extant in several families of the Pi/'lrra iiralijp-
it-ra on tho upper side of the tiltia-, near their end, for instance
in the Hiii>ri)in>jzidn and Sriitiitijzidn , does not occur lure in any
sitecics.

'I'he abdomen of the male has four scfrtnonts, the first of
which, like the lirst scirmeiit of the fiinalc al>doinen, is formed
of two coalescent seirments ; the diniiiintive fifth scij:nieiit of the
male ai)domeii forms the small, more or less imlieddetj hypopy-
giuiii ; the sometimes more liliforin, in other instances tape-like,
rolled up penis is of an extraordinary leiiu:th.

The altdonicn of the female consists of five sec^nients; tin'
sixth, seventh, and eiuhtli sc<;ments ait> converted into a flat-
tened, extensile ovipositor, the lirst joint of which surpasses the
tw'o following ill hreadlh very nincli, and is oj'ien colored like
the rest of the alaloineii ; tin; slender last joint of the ovipositor
ends in a Hiinple point.

'riio winjrs show the complete venation of the Diplcrn (iciih/j)-
fera; the auxiliary vein is entirely sep:irat<'d from the lirst
li)nfj;itii(limil vein, althonii'h it is s(ui>ctinies rather nppro\iiu;iicl
to it; it ends at a more or less acnie an;f|e in tie ('osinl vein,
without hecominjj less distinct at its end; the first lonsritudinal
vein is provided with lirislles, at least al its < ud ; the two pos-
terior basal cells j.re comparatively lartre.

2. Species orroneously placed in the irenus Otialis.

The agreement of all the species |)lMced by Mcifren in ^h(^
peiMis Otialis would have been complete if (>. pd'cilojtcrn
{/ulminatis M.), co)UH\in, vihuniK, and ni/ufjeiiCHin did not
siiow dilVeronees, which re(|iiire a special mention.

0. j^a'ciUiptvra and voinicra dilVer from the other species in

;,■'■ >

Din ERA OF NOKTII AMERICA.

[I'Ai'.T HI.

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llio ])rosonco of a row of bristU's on eiu-li side near (lie orljit, Ito-
sides the bristles common to all the Otialidii. These bristles
are a character so exclusively peculiar to the Trypvlidse that
we cannot but consider those two species as belonging to tliiit
family (as I have already proved it olsewhen.). They cannot,
therefore, be further considt'red here,

Oiialia vihranti, the fennile of which has only four segmenl.s
on tlie abdomen, approaches, in Ihe absence of bristles upon the
first longitudinal vein, rulloptcra and the related genera so
much, that one might bo tempted to place it among the Pul-
lojiieridss; but there are other genera having the first longitu-
dinal vein bare, to which Ortdlis vibrans is still more closely
allied, and which, as I will have occasion to show hereafter,
cannot possibly bo separated from the Oitalida. Such being
the case, O. vibrans has to rcnuiin in this family, and this is
also justified by the large size of the two posterior cells in this
species, which is a proof of its relationship to the other Orta-
liJie. There is Jio doubt, at the same time, that this species is
a stranger in Alcigen's genus OrUdi>i.

Orlalis syngcnesise is also distinguished from tlic other species
of Orudis by its abdomen, which has only four segments in the
female ; in other respects it is more related to them than 0.
vibrans; it is more closely allied to the spircies of the genus
Plali/sloma than to the other species of Meigeu's Orlalis.

The olher European Ortalidac.

After having thus disposed of those species placed by Mcigcn
in the genus Orlalis, which have either to be entirely withdrawn
from the family of Orlalidiv, or which can only conditionally be
received in it, the next step to be taken, in order to chalk out
the whole extent v.*" the family Orlalida', is to discover such
other genera as may likewise possess the characters common
to the species of Orlalis. After this, we will have to point
out such genera as possess not all, but most of those charac-
ters only, and especially tlie principal ones ; and thus wc will
reach a limit beyond which only such genera will be found,
as, on account of important diflercnces from the species of
Oi'talis, cannot any more be united in one family with thorn.
This research has also to show us which among the characters
common to tlie above enumerated species oi Orlalis have to be

' 5

. ■•■ ■'.»•- < III

OUTALIIi.E — lNiUtil>LCTI(iN'. 0

etrU'kon out, or at Itast to he modified, in onlcr to leave, as a
rtsidiit', tlic true cliaructfis of tlie faniily Orldliilw.

llvro also 1 l)i'giii with tlio Kuropoaii fauna, as the genera
aud f^pecies coiiii)o>iiig it are liy far the best known.

The variously organized groups of species, within the genua
Ortalix, caeh have, outside of this genus, a circle of relatiou-
ship of their own.

1. Forms reminding of Ortalis lamrd.

If we ])egin with Orlaliti lamed {pulchella Meig.), we are led
at once towards Sciomy^a bucephala Meig., wiiich Mac(piart
has united, with several other het(!rogeneuus species, in the
genus Oiih's, and for which I have later celablished the genus
Curniocaris.

Cormncoris brings us to Tvtariopii, which agrees in its prin-
cii>al characters with t'onnocaris huccjihala, quite erroneously
placed in the genus Sviomyza \)y !Meigen. In this species, as
well as in all the European species of 2\'la)w/is which I know
of, none of the characters are wanting the presence of which
distinguishes the genus Or/olis.

'Hh' geiuis Titanoim again leads us towards Doryccra; the
remarkable elongation of the second antennal joint is a peculiar
character of most species of this genus, a character not to be
found in the species of Ortalis. However, the difl'erence in the
length of this joint in difTerent species of Dori/cera sufTicieiitly
shows that too much .ystematic stress ought not to be laid upon
this char.H'ter ; all the other characters agreeing with those of
the Ortalidiv, JJorijcera must necessarily be placed in this
family.

Xe.xt to Dfii'yara I find the genus Adapsilia, founded by
Waga, which, like most Thirticrrir, has an elongated second an-
tennal joint. It is distinguished by a very projecting front,
very approximated antennaj, and the want of ocelli ; with the
species of Ortalis it agrees in the characters already specified,
except that the first joint of the ovipositor of the female is not
flattened, as in all the species of Ortalis, but capsule-sliajntl,
swollen ; as, however, in other respects the structure of this
ovipositor resemljles [V.:\- *" Ortalis, Adnjisilin must also be
added to the Orfalidup. At the same time, the statement crm-
cerning the shape of the ovipositor of this family must be some-
what modified to be ai»plicable to Adapsilia.

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6

DII'TLUA OF NUUTII AMERHW.

[part hi.

I know of no other Europoiin genus wliicli, ullliuufi-li s'.ill niuro
distant from OrluUs in ilie directioa of Jilajtfulia, would nt'vcr-
tliuless be admissible into tho I'uniily of Oiialidx,

2. Fornitj rondnding of Otialis .sij)i(jt'm'.-iiai.

If, in our search for forms related to Ortalis, wc start from
Oftatis isi/iKjcnesiiii, distinj^uished by its funr-Juinted female abdo-
men, the genera Ulidia, Tiinia and i'lulijaloma at ouee claim our
attention.

Ulidia, in Meigen's sense, is not a homogeneous genus. Vlidia
dcmandata is too aberrant to remain in it. Tugether with seve-
ral exotic species allied to it, it lia.s to fonn a sei»arate genus for
which Chrywmijza, a namo already used by Fallen for Ulidia
demandata, may be applied.

Tiinia opiralia, described by ^Feigen, is nothing but an UUdin,
and must be referred to this genus; the diU'erences which appear
in Meigeu's statements and his ligures do not e.vist in nature.

Timia eri/IIiruccpJiala, upon which Wiedemann, in the .,-I/m-
lecta, has founded the genus limia, dill'ers from Ulidia oidy in
its extreme glubrousness, its swollen head, much more project-
ing beyond the eyes in profde, and perhaps also the somewhat
less developed clypeus ; in all the other important characters
both genera agree.

In all the species hitherto placed in the genera Timia and
Ulidia, and consecpiently also in the sitecies of Chryi^omyza, the
first longitudinal vein is bare. In all other respects, these spcr
eies share all the characters common to the species of Orlalis, so
that, in my o[)inion, their position among the Oiialidw cannot
well be disputed, uidess we separate from thi.s fauuly all the spe-
cies tho first longitudinal vein of which is bare. Nevertheless,
tho relationship between tho species of Ulidia, Timia, and Chry-
mmyza to Orlalis symjencsise cannot be considered as unusually
close, beeau.se they diller from it, not only in the bareness of the
fi'.'st longitudinal vein, but also in the presence of a fifth, very
much abbreviated, segment of the female abdomen.

A genus agreeing with them in the bareness of the first longi-
tudinal vein, and most closely related to them, is the genus Em-
jyycloccra, introduced by me.

The genus Lonchsca also seems related to Ulidia; I will,
therefore, iu the serpiel, explain its systematic location.

The species of Platyt'oma diller somewhat from Ortalism the

OttTALlb.E — LNTUODUCTION. 7

shape of the ovipositor: its first joint is smaller, narrower, and
somewhat less flattened; generally also more withdrawn in the
lust ubduininiil segment. The hypopyjrium, f(jrmed by the uj)per
halt' of the fifth ubdouiinal scirnifiit, is unusually snuill ; whether
the peni?. has the shape of an unntijcd tape or thread I cannot
aseertain at present, as I have no fresli specimens at hand, but I
have every reason to suppose that such is the case, as the female
ovipositor, in its structure, is al^solutely analogous to that of the
species of Oiittlis. The agreement of all other characters com-
pels us to admit J'laliju/dnia among the Orlolidse; and this genus
really siiows, in the four-j(jinted abdonien of the female, the ab-
sence of bristles on the pleura? and vn analogous structure of
the mouth, a close relationship to Ortaiis sj/mjenesise.

I know of no other European goiicra which, in following the
came direction of relationship, might be still more distant from
Orudis than the species of ]'luti/.-i/i)wn. are, and which, neverthe-
less, would show a suflicient agreement with the Orlaliilie to
be placed among them. I, therefore, hold riatynfovio. to be one
the more distant genera, placed on the extreme limit of the
family.

3. Forms reminding of Orlnlis jxiludvm.

Species like Ortaiis jmlinhim, luvtuofa, and others of the
same group, remind of the genera Psairoiitera and Cci>hulia.

The comparatively low head, the transversely oval eyes, and
the small development of the clypeus give rsairoplcra a very
])eculiar appearance; novertlu'less in :ll the other important
characters it agrees with the si)ecies of Ortaiis so well, that its
l)osilion among the Orlalida cannot be disputed, although its
precise location within this family may not be very easy to de-
termine. The ralationshij) of P^niroi'tera with the above-named
species of Ortaiis, far from being a close one, can rather be called
distant.

In Cephalia I cannot discover a single character which would
justify its separation from the Ortalidiv. To place this genus
among the St'psidse seems to mo utterly inii)racticable, as the
distinctive character of the latter family, the rudimentary struc-
ture of the jialpi, must be maintained, unless we render the limits
of the family altogether doulttful. ^Moreover, CephalinWocs not
show any vestige of vibris,-ie which the Scjitfidw possess, and
more than all, the structure uf the ovipositor of Cephalia is like

^'•-1.^1;

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8

DirXERA OF XORTII AMERICA.

[part TII.

thnt of tlie Ortalidee, niul not like that of tlie Scjmdiv. C'l'i'/m-
lia is more closely related to the abuve-iiuniod (•[tefit'S of (Jiialis
than F.tuiroplera.

4. Forms not rescniblinp: any of Moipon's species.

A fly which iio.ssesses all the essential cliaraet'Ts of the species
of Oiialis, and undouhtedly beloiijrs to the Orlali(l,v, is the
ticatophaya fascialu of Fabrieius, erroneously i»laeed l)y ^Meijicn
in tlie genus Tryprta. The Musva oc(u]na}ctala of Coquebert,
Dec. III., Tab. XXIV., is proljiil)ly identical with it. The cir-
cumstance that there is no other European Ortalida resemblinjr
this species probul)ly caused Mei<reii to overlook its true rela-
tionship. Similar forms are more fre(iuent in other parts of the
world, especially in America. Anionu; them I will name Didyn
ocellata Fain*., OrUrlis rau Siiy, and rinh/.^foma annidijiets
Maeq., which, by the way, i,s no I'luAydunia at all.

Aci2)1wrca not heJoiigincj to the Ortalid^h.

That group of genera which, on account of its peculiar, three-
jointed, horny ovipositor, ending in a simple point, has been called,
and not improperly, i-'Z/^/rJo ftr/^///c»/vY«, is represented in Europe,
besides the Tnjix'liduc- and those genera which, on the ]>rcceding
pages, I have claimed fur the Ortalidse, only by Lonchsea, with
the genus Earumyia, separated fnnn it by Zetter.stedt, and by
J'uU(j])tvra and Tojoncura. As it would be useless to look for
Ortdlidit outside of the I)i}itf?'a arijihorea, it remains for us at
l)rcsent to deiinc the position of those genera with regard to the
OrtaJidse.

The number and position of the frontal bristles, the distinct-
ness of the clypeus. the absence of vibrissa, and the want of
the cliaracteristic bristle on the upper side of the tibia, before
its end, which is distinctive of several families, the spurred middle
tibia, the spurless front and liind tibia), as well as the com-
pleteness of the venation, olearly prove the close relationship of
these genera with Oiialis. They are less closely allied to the
I'riipdidse, from which they dilVer in the arrangement of the
frontal bristles and in the course of the au.\iliary vein. All four
differ from all the genera, the location of which among the Orta-
lidic I have proved in the j)receding discussion, by a much
smaller size of the two posterior, usually called small, basal cells

(.lUTALlD^E — INTROltUCTIOV.

9

of the wii)<rs, mid nil lour niirco niuoiif? tln-'iiiselvt's in the iil)-
si'iice of bristk'S on tljo first lonfiitudinul vein, unci this oluiract.r
llicy siiare with some of tiie {rcncni i)lacod anioiij;: tlio Ortaliii'ie.

Tiic ^i.^uv\'iil'allup(rfa and 'J'ujuiici'ru possess moreover anotiiei"
fitriidng ehnraeter, whieh occurs also among some few of tiio
•rencra of OrtnUilre, but in none to tliat marked extent; they have,
upon the middle of the otherwise t^hort-pilose, thoracic dorsum, as
far as its anterior part, a series of binary bristles, distinguislied
by their length, stoutness, and regular arranficnient. The dif-
ference in the venation already spoken of, together with tliirf
marked peculiarity in the arrangement of the bristles of tho
thorax, seem to afford suffieient ground for excluding those two
genera from the family Ortalidtr. I consider them as tho
nucleus of a separate family, whieh I call VaUoiiteridiv.

The syslematic position of LomJ-ia is more dillicult to de-
cide upon than that of PaUoptvra and Toxoncuro "While the
venation of Lonchna closely approaches these two genera, the
position of the bristles on its thorax is more like that of many Orta-
lidse, as there are no stronger bristles on the thoracic dorsum,
anterior to the suture ; this genus stands therefore nearer to the
undc'ibted Orlolidte than P(illoj)lera or Tojrorieiira. Against
its being unit(!d with the Ortalida' mny be urged (not to men-
tion the sniallness of the two posterior 'I'sal cells), not so much
those characters which are common to all Lonrhnn-. as a number
of peculiarities, which do not occur among the 0)-talid.T, and
which distinguish difl'erent species (jf Lonchfio, and are (piite
proper to form the basis of a sulidivision of this widespread
and rather immerous genus. As such characters I consider the
long and strong hairs ui)ou the whole body of some species, tho
long and dense pubescence of the eyes of others, the partial
coalescence of the auxiliary vein with the first longiuidinal in
several, and finally the circumstance that in the fenuiles of
some species the sixth aljdominal segment does not take part
in the formation of the ovijiositor quite in tho same manner as
among the Orfalidse. I am afraid that the Orlnh'dn^ as a
family, would lose too many of their well-defined characters, if,
in order to accommodiite Lonchna among them, we undertook
to modify these characters in accordance with the aliove imn-
tioned peculiarities of the latter genus. The nature of tho

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10

DlPTiCUA OF NOUTII AMERICA.

[I'AIIT III.

vi-natioii of the wings having proved, in bo many cases, to bo tho
nid.il truslvvorliiy ehuraclcr for the distinction of the families of
dipteru, we have to take care not to ullaeh too little importance
to the sinalliies.s of the posterior basal cells in Lonr/iuu, cells
wliieli, in the OrluLidn, always are of a considerable size. These
reasons induce me to exclude L'^/jcAw a from among the OHuliihv.
Those entoniologi.'^ts who take the European fauna alone in con-
sideration, will, 1 liave no doul)t, justify this course, as that
luuiia does not contain any intermediate forms between Luiuhaa
and the genera of Ortaluhr, but 1 ant not (juite as sure of the
approbation of those who have a wide ae(piaintaneo with the
diptera from all parts of the world, because, among the number,
forms ticcur which seem to be intermediate between Loncliaa
and the genera of Orialidve allied to C/7iflfia, and it is i)ossiblo
that the discovery of a large numl)er «jf such forms may, at some
future time, render the exclusion of Lonchaa from the Oiialidiv
less plausilile than it appears to me now. In the first volume
of these monographs, I placed this genus in the family of the
J'allopteriihx' and considered it as the typical genns of a second
group in this family. "Whether this arrangement, which I for
the present retain, is satisfactory, or whether it woidd not be
better to take Lovvhna as the typical genus of a separate, small
family, interm: diate between the rano/ilm'dw and the Ortulldn',
is beyctnd the scope of the present discussion, and may, there-
fore, be left for future investigation.

The genus Earomyia is so near Loni'hfra, that, with regard
to its .systematic position, whatever I said of the latter may be
applied to the former.

Summary of the European Ortalidse.

From what precedes may be deduced the following list of
genera and species of European diptera, whi'h 1 jdace in the
family of Ortalidie: all the species of Ortalis, in Meigen's
sense, with the exception of O. pa'cHoptera and coniicva ;
Sciomijza bucephala ; the genera Ada2)xiUa, Dori/fVfa, Tela-
7iop)<, Psairoplera, CepJuiIia, PhityHtoma, Timia, Ulidia, Chrij-
somyza, Empyelocera, and, Anally, Tri/j/eta/aticiala.

I

ORTALID^E — INTRODUCTION.

The OiiTALiu^K otiieu than EuuoI'ean.

11

I will now try to lind llio gfii- ni and Kpecii'.s IVuiii oiliir [liiits
of llie world thuii Kurui>f, whitii must be j)lucod iu the luniily
OrluliUu;.

(a.) Id While man a.

I b»'f;in by llio Orlolii/ic cuiituiii'jd in WitMk'iniiiiii's writiiitr?!.
iJi'ftiek'.s liis fj" "fit's of tiin gciiiis (Jrlalis, against the iofutimi uf
two of which, however, I will have to raise Home doul)tH, and l)o-
sides his Tiniia <rijtliro<ep/iala, which occurs in the suntlua.^t of"
Europe and iu the neifihboring provinces of Asia, the species of
Vijilidlia described by him undoulttedly belong to the Orlaluhf.
They dill'er somewhat fnjm the luiropean t'cp/Kilia rnji/irs, and
belong in the rehuionshii) of those species which Kol). Dcsvoidy
distributed among his genera Pulishjiloi and Jfi/nihcoini/in :
^Ir. ^Macquart has established for Ihem the genus Mii/nxjii.-^/i'r
(better Mit^vhorjadcr), which coincides with the genus Coimi)-
sidcn, introduced by him at a later time.

The two Ortalis of Wiedemann, the systematic position of
which .seems doubtful to me, are Orialis trifanLUtla and att,.
mariii, both from Urazil, both closely related to each other, and
somewhat reminding, in their general appearance, of Uiilmnlui
and Iilifipalonwra. IJolh havo an erect bristle bi'fore the end of
the tibia;, which I cannot take for anything else but the pneapi-
cul bristle, wanting in all the Ortalidne. Considering the ini[)or-
tance which the ])resence or absence of this Ijrislle has in the
classification of all the JJiplera ardh/plira, I wonlil Ijc very
much inclined to exclude both of those species from the family
Ortdlidit, if i could assign them a fitting jdace in some other
fuMiilv. The structure of the oviixjsitor clearlv proves that thcv
belong in the circle of the Diptcra acipliorea, but even in this
wider circle the existence of their, however weak, pra'apical bris-
tle assigns them a rather isolated position. The venation iind
the position of the frontal bristles, in which tin y agree with the
Orlalidtr, do not allow their introduction among thr Trijpeluht.
TIk'v have still less connection with the Palloplcridiv. Hence,
nothing remains to be done, as it seems, but to tolerate them in
the family Ortalidte, however unwelcome they may be among
them, as, iu consequence of their appearance, the abseucu of a

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DII'TEIIA OP N(»UTII AMKKICA.

[I'AKT III.

jiiii'iipii'iil l)ristlt! t'L'usct) to be uii undoubted disthictivo clmnicicr
ol llir Urldtiilie. Tliut tlicso two sfn^eii-s, to which suviTiil uii-
(Ifhcriljed South Auicricuu fonus hiivi; to l)c added, uio to tbnu
ihc iiut'lfus ol' u now goiius ia beyond ijui'stion. 1 propose for
it ilu! nunii! of Aiiloinula.

^^■||L'lhl■l• the two species of I<',ibricii,<H, which "Wiedeinnnn
fpiotu.s uniong tlio species of Ulidia, renlly I'donpr to tliis genus
cannot be decided \vith(jut soeiiij? the (»riffinal specimens; but I
have no doultt tlnit they bi-ioii}^ to th(! (JHahdn. J wouhi sup-
jinso tluit L'lidia Kti(jnia belonfjed to the gerus Noloiji'mnma, and
tlmt CUdia anca is a ChnjHoinyza.

AViodemann's penus J't/rr/ofn, with which Oxycrphala, Ma('(|.
is absolutely identical, shows all tlio characters of the Ortnlidn.
It is closely allied to Addjisilia, the only diircrence being that
tlie antennal fove;e arc shorter, while in Adapmlia they are
parallel, and run down to the edge of the mouth; but, as in dif-
forent species of Pi/njofa these foveie vary in lengtl), this dill'ir-
encc has so little importance that J<lai>silia might, without any
inconvenience, i)e united with Pi/rr/ota.

The genus iJai-Ufi, in Wiedemann's writings, is a mixture of
many very dillerent forms of diptera, most of which are (jiin-
lidte and two species are Trypclidix. Two of tin; species of
which Wiedemann formed the first section of the genus Davun,
form now, together with other species added since, the genus
Stenoptcrina, which Macipmrt established under the name of
Henojitcrina, and which he placed quite correctly among the
Ortalid/v. The Dochh Jlavicornix, placed by Wiedemann in the
first division as a third species, has a certain general resemi)lan('e
to the two former species ; it dilVers, however, in the bareness of
the first hMigitudinal vein and in several other characters, tuo
much to bo united in the same genus with them ; nevertheless,
this speci<'s, os well as the two others, belong to the Ortalidn.
Among the species of Wiedemai ii's second division of ])ains
1). sxifcinctus must be referred to the Orfalidse; it belongs in
the immediate relationship of O. si/vr/evefiiflp. Dacna hiatJor
likewise belongs to the OrfaJidrc. The remaining Dacus of
Wiedemann's second division are Trijpotidn : some of tliein
belong to the goniis Tn/pcfn, if we take it in the wider sense of
Meigen and Wiedemann ; for instance, Dncus ixjraUelm, fra-

Mi i

' t.

ORTALID/R — INTKOrtlTTIO.V.

13

ti rculus, t^ir/irnliiiiix ; tlii' ffrcnlcsl pari of tin- ic-itliic iir*' >|ti'fios
wliicli niiiy Itf Iflt in llic ;;t'iiiis Pucks.

On tli(! utlior IuiihI, WiLMlciiiunii lias jiliiccd in Ih;* jrciin.s T>'!/-
ju'ta H(!V('ml si>fci('s wliicli do not Itcloni,' to tlic 'Jri/inlidn til
uU ami liave all the charactns of lliv Orinlitln. Such ,«>|>ct'i('s
aro : Tri/iiefa ocrllala, uliirh Miictniart di'scriltcil again ns u
Huppo.scd now spt'('i(!S, nndcr I Ik; name of I'ldtijslomn nnlhilft,
ninl npoii wliich liomlani ostalilisht-d later the goiiu.s yVcrofa/Za;
Trjiin'ta ohsciirn, wliieh is very eh)sely allied to the former, and
whieh Maecjuart very improperly plaeeil in the jronns Caniplo-
vt'urn, while its place is in the genus PlcrncnUa, next to P.
occllnfa;' moreover Trijjx'ln })ir/n, the typical specitjs of the
Orlalideous genus (Jamplonfuva : Tnipda Jlvwa, which may ho
jdftced in the genus J/isclKJi/anlcr ; Tri/jw'a In'mucttlnln, rede-
serilted l)y Muecpiart as iUi'hnnvlopia fi'.rrtKjiiua ; Tn/}iclo <•>/-
aiiufjaster, basilariH, t^rulcllariK, and perhaps several others
among Wiedemann's Tri/j)da;, which I have not Lad the occa-
sion to coujparo.

Those species whieli Wiedemann placed in the genus Ptnh/-
stoma, with the exception of his PUilyxtoma decora, reidly belong
to that genus, and conse(juciitly to the OrUdidw. J'ldt^/slohta
decora, which induced Macquart to establish the genus Loxo-
neura, is also to be placed among the Ortalidfr.

Tetannps iiattr/itinicrjM was described by Wiedemann from a
specimen of the Uerlia Museum : 1 have seen this species, unless
my memory deceives me, not in the Ijerlin Museum, but in Wicde-
ninnn's collection. I found tiiat in the struct nre of the head
and in the venation it does not sulliciently agree with the Kuro-
pean species of TetaDops to be left in the same genus with them,
but, at the same time, that it undoubtedly belongs to the family
of the Ortalidse. I am sure that the JJtchrumijia bvaailicnxis
of Rob. Desvoidy, described as the type of the new genus DU
chromi/ia, is the same species.

The Scatophaga binpinosa Fab., placed by Wiedemann in the
genus Telanocera, dilfers from the other Orlalidw in the vina-
tiou as well as in the shape of the scutellum very much, but
nevertheless, judging from Wiedemann's statements, and espe-
cially from his figure, it undoubtedly belongs in that family,
where Macquart also places it in establishing for it the genus
Kotacanthina. Should we judge, however, from Maequarfd

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DIPTKUA (IP NOIITII AMKIIICA.

C'

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IlK

M'l-.

pjiil!;::

I ii

liL'iiro (in the Dipli'iv^ Kx(»ti(|iiivs, II., ;j, Tult. xxviii.. lig. sj, wo
wuiild iiul pliico it ninoiij^ \Ur (/rhitul.T, n<, it hIkiw.s »li.-.i imtly
simrn-ij fri»iit mid liind tiliiii; ; tlic^c spurs, liowcvrr, as \v<H as
many ollur fhinirs in .Macqiiari'.s li;fiirfs, are pnilialdy pruduc*
lions of the draii^litsiiian's faiii-y. In tlio most slovenly lifriiro
of the saine species in Maetpiart's Siiifas a ISuJ/'tni, no >n('h
Hpnrs are to In; loiind.

That Diii'iis piKlnijrintH Fab., |)hi('ed l>y Wiedemann in Cur-
thjUtra, does not Im-Ioii};; to that ^renus, nor to the Cunli/luriilfe
in fi^eneral, iias lieen reeofjni/cd Ioiij; njrn. For this speeies, ns
vvell as for similar ones, the peniis Ific/inntia lias l)ec'ii estab-
lished by Hob. Hesvoidy in the fiiinily of the Ortalid/e.

'['he systematic location of IHiti/ii cjicrna Fab. cannot well
1m ascertained, o'.vinj? to the insiiineicnt statementa of Fabricius
as well as of Wiedemann; the latter an; in an insoluble contra-
diction to Wiedeinann's li;rnre in what rejjai'ds the shape of
tli(( head and the picture on the thorax; jiidfring by the fiL'nre,
it would seem that the fly does nut belong to the Diplura nruli/p.
Icra at all.

The goinis Ifhn]>nlnmrrn, Wied. seem.s to liavcbcon by all later
authors uiihesitaliiitrly referred to the Ortalltltv. I look upon
this decision as far from uiiol)jeetionaliIe, but can very well mti-
eeive that a certain resenil)lance in the shape of the head l>e-
Iween tlie species of l{liO]>alnmrrn and J'ld/ijxfoina (witli the
jreiiera allied to it), may easily have <riven rise to such an
opinion. The species of J}lit>/>(iln))ifrfi diifer in a strikiiii; man-
ner from all tlio Ortnliibv in the strneturo of the hypopyirium of
the male, whilo in this respect, ihey show a most decided leaning
towards the S'ljiromyzidiv, t>cinw'/:i(1rt', and the families iiinne-
diately connected with them. The females are not i)rovi(l'.'d with
a borer-liko ovipositor, composed of elongated, retractile joints;
the metanotum is but very little developed, less than usual
among the Ortalid-r; the front and middle tibite have, on the
upper side, before their end. an erect l)ristle; upon the upper side
of the hind tibiie, this bristle, in most specie's, is not distinctly
visible among the general i)iIosity of the tibia; nevertheless, it
is ea.sily recognizable in sonic species, for instance Rhopalotnera
2)leuropnnctala Wicd. Such are the characters which, in my
opinion, not only render the location of lihopaJomoi'n aiMong
the Orfali(Jae doubtful, but even impossible. If, among the

J

ORTALin.T! — INTIlOPUCTrOV.

15

(liptcra I nm aoquuintod witli, I look for the immeduiti! cuniipc-
lions of JlhojKilnmera, I liiul tlu-iii iniiiiistiikul)ly uiiinh^; tlio
South AlVii'tin Hpccics of the f^i'iius CcntrithiH, tTftMrtl liy inc.
IJofitre all, the strikhig slnicturo of the head, niiiindiiiif partly
of somo j^i'iicra of Ei>hij(lniiii(it , i»arlly of thu Ihlnlitl/t, is very
imicii alike in both genera; this nsemhlaiico extends to the
mode of pilosity of the face, the shape of the antenna', and the
feathery pulte.seenec of the arista. Moreover, the sniall develop-
uient of the nietanotuni, the .shape of the hypopyu'iliin, and the
Htriietiire of the last segments of tlie fenuile al)don)en are very
miicii alike. Now, ns the genns Crutro/Kx, thnmjjrh the inter-
mediate stepH of Pronniy>mi/ia and I'/njttogruia, npproaehes
the family of the Sapromijzithe very elosely, I do not find
any serious ohjeetion to plaeing Jlhoiialunwrn in the naine
family. That Jihoiialomirn is one of the extreme periera of the
family cannot be doubtful ; the size of the two posterior bnsal
cell.s esi»eeially distinguishes it from all the other generij of
Snpromijzidae in a very striking manner, and conncets it with
the Sciomi/zvlie ; for this reason it would be also possible, l)y
slightly modifying tiic delinition of the boundary between those
two families, to place lihupalouirra among the Si-iitmijziilte.
Those who will not share either of these two views, and |»rc-
fer to place among the Ortalidse a genus which is far apart from
all the Diptrra aciphorea in the structure of the ovi|)ositor, may
locate Uhopalovxera in the vieiidty of RiihnrtUa, on account of
the bareness of the first longitudinal vein, the rounded end of
the posterior basal coll, and the spines on the femora.

Thus, the following diptera, described in Wiedenmnn's works,
belong to the OrfaliJce: his species of OHnlix; all the species
which he brings in the genera Timin, Ulidta, Ci'iilinlin, Flnly-
stoma, Tdanops, and rurrjota; in his genus Doriix, the three
species in the first division, and Dacus siiccincfiiH and bicolor
la the second ; in the genus Tri/pcfa, Tri/prfa occUafa, obscura,
picta, Jle.ra, tn'maciilata, bn.tiloris, cijnuorjnster, and snit<llnris ;
in the genus Tdanocera, his 2\ bisinnosa, and finally, his Cor-
dylura podarjrica.

(b.) In liobinraii Desvoidy.

I turn now, not without reluctance, to the writings of R. Des-
voidy. In his well-known Easai sur Ics Myodaircs he united

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MPTKllA CP NOUTH AMKIIICA.

[I'AUT III.

it

■•r;-.'l

til') jjoiirra which we arc con.sidcriiij; iiiulcr the goncrnl name of
PJiyhjiHijdtje Mijodinse. This geiionilization may bo cuiisiilcretl
a.' niifco.-^^i'iil, a.s it cuutains but little which is foreign, tliat is
whicli would be better phiced among his Aciphoreiv, e(|uivalent
to the family Tnipdidfv, and as at the same time it excludes
but little of what really I)elongs to the Orlaliiise. The position
also which Hob. Desv()i<ly assigns to the PInjIomydie JFi/oduifxi,
next to the J'/ii/knin/dfv 'J'hrUduDuidii', that is, the Micro] icz id le,
caiiiiot but be sustained, as tiit^ latter arc closely related to the
Ortalidiv. After Ids J'Iii/l(niii/dii' 'J'hclidniniidiv Kob. Dcsvoidy
places \m Aci})hi>ri IV, thai is, the Tnjju'tidiv, while he would have
done better iu reversing this order of his two divisions, on ac-
count of the close rdationsliip l)etwecn the Ortalidre and the
Trijpctidae. The sovereign neglcct-uf all previous publications,
the wretched manner in which most of his genera are established,
chielly upon merely relative diU'erences (for instance, a some-
what longer third antcnnal joint, a somewhat more pui)escent
arista, etc.), without regard to the most striking plastic cha-
racters, the very slovenly description of many species of un-
known hahilat, etc., have, long ago, put this author's writings in
such bad repute that it would not be easy to add aiiythiiig to
it. It woidd be unjust, however, after this fully deserved blame,
not to recognize that l\ob.. Desvoidy'.s judgment, with regard to
questions of relationship, iii this case, as iu many others, was a
very correct one.

The genera wliich ho i)laocs among the Phyfomydse Myodince
are : Divhromyo,, J'alpomi/a, lIcKiiqidllia lleramya, J/yorift.
Osciuis, Jllaincillia, Meclclia, Jlclieria, Mycjuus, S'raiizin,
Vidalia, Delphinia, Avidia, Myrmccomya, Folystodcs, Sty-
luphora, Ilerina, Myodina, lUchardia, liircllia, JioisdHvalici,
Clidonin, Sett'Uia, CIiIoru]Jiura. Concerning these genera uud
tiieir names, I will offer the following remarks: —

The genus Dichroiin/a (the name ought to be improved to
Dti'liromyia) is adopted by ]\[acquart in liis Dip/crcs Ej-otiqucs,
and placed among his Heteromyzides. The Dichromyia braxil-
icDfiis of Roi). Desvoidy is the same as the PlatyMoma micro-
cera of oNIacquart's Sidfes d IhijTon, and was described stilt
earlier as Tctanopa sfinrininiro))^ by "Wiedenmnn. Not being a
Tctanopti this sjtecies inust therefore be considered as the type
of the genus Dichromyia. The position among the Oiiaiidce,

ft

. Hf *!■

OnTAUP-E — 1 NTRnptJCTIOX.

n

a^isigned to it by II. Dfsvoidy, I hold to Ite correct; with Via-
tyduma it Las nothing to do.

The genus PalpDmya, u hybrid name, being formed out of a
Latin and a Greeli word, and not rendered more valuable by its
improvement in raljjomijia, is identical with Platyt^tuma ; the
typical Palpomi/ia ImUuhU is nothing else but tl e well-known
Plaiyfitoma aftpJialliiin AVied. The generic characters given by
R. Desvoidy are entirely erroneous.

Under the name of lle^tyquillia Rob. Desvoidy describes Pla-
tystnma snninalionin Fab., and under that of Uesyquillia hi-
gubris the Plalyt>ioma umhrarum Fab. ; thus, the genus llf>^y-
quillia likewise coincides with Plat yatoma.

The genus ITeramya, which ought at least to be called IIc-
ramyia, is based upon Sciomyza hucrjJialn, which R. Desvoidy
did not recognize, as well as upon another species which is very
like it, if not identical. ]\lacquart united this species with
Myoris (a name which it is ditlicult to explain), a genus not dis-
tinguished by a single character of any value, and with lilaiv-
villia (a preoccupied name), and thus formed his genus Otifes (a
name which Latreille had already used in a broader sense) ; but
he i)laced in it moreover some true Sdomyzidie.

The genus Or^ciniK, as understood by R. Desvoidy, is identical
with Dorycera; it has nothing in coiir.uou with the genus of the
same name to which Fallon reduced the much more comprehen-
sive genus O.sci/Ji.s of Latreille.

Mechelia (an already preoccupied name) and Mrlicrca (pro-
bably also a dedication name), contain species belonging to
Macquart's Ortalideous genus Ccro.rys.

The genus Mycnnia (a badly forMictl name), is established for
Hcatophacja foKciata Fab., which Maeijuart, in the Suilcs d
Biijj'on, describes as Orlnli.-^ /ascia/a, after Rob. Desvoidy, and,
fur a second time, as TipJiri/ix /\i.<ci<it(i, after Meigen.

St7'aiizia (as the genus is dedicated to Strauss-Diirkheim, the
name should be spelt Slrau.^fiin) does not belong to the Orfn-
liflfv. at all, but to the Tryjielidiv; the two species described by
Rob. Desvoidy are nolhing else but the nmle and female of
Trypeta longipennis Wied., which Rob. Desvoidy did not re-
cognize.

Vidalia seems likewise to belong to the Trypetidve ; not
q

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18

DII'TERA OF XoIlTII AMERICA.

[PAUT in.

havin<r succc«clod yet, however, in ideiUifving the species, I am
not positive about it.

The gonus Delphima is ostnblislicd for Trypeta pirfa, Fnb.,
whioli Rob. Desvoidydid not rceognizo; the unbecoming generic
name was afterwards replaced by Camptoncura Maccj.

The genus Avidia belongs to the Trypctidne.

Myrmccomya (more correctly Myrmccomyia) and Polyttfofle!^
(better Polidoidci^) taken together nearly correspond to the
genus ]l!ir}iugaK/('r (better Mit^chogaf^ter) of Mactjuart, placed
by the latter among the Sepnidx. The size of the palpi and
the structure of the ovipositor do not justify this location, and
the genus undoubtially l)eIongs to the OrtaJidoc.

Of the position of tiic genus SlylopJiora in the system I
cannot judge, not knowing the species upon which it is based.

Ilerina (the derivation of the name is not apparent) com-
prises species from the relationship of Ortalia pallidum.

The genus Afyodina (again a name of obscure derivation) is
based upon Ortalis vibranx, which K. Desvoidy took for Ortalis
urticse. Maccpjart, in the Suites d Buffon, very erroneously
united this genus with Ortalis, throwing together various very
different species. Long before Rob. Desvoidy, Kirby had used
for Ortalis vihrans the generic name of Seioptera.

Richardia is founded gi\\\qv \\\)o\\ Dacus podagricus Fab., not
recognized by Rob. Desvoidy, or else on some closely allied
Bpecies.

Itivcllia (probably a dedication name) contains species re-
lated to Ortalis syngenesife, and among them this very species, as
usual, not recognized by Rob. Desvoidy. Macquart in the Suites
d Buffon unites Birellia with Ilerina, while the species really
belonging to it are put in the genus Urophora, or even in Pla-
tystoma; and upon one of them, in his later works, he even es-
tablishes a new genus, Ep>idesma.

Whether the genus Boisdu\;alia really differs from the pre-
ceding only in the length of the third antennal joint seems very
doubtful ; should this be the case, the separation of these two
genera would not be justified.

Clidonia is considered by the author himself as belonging to
quite a different family, in which we will not contradict him.

Scfellia seems to contain Ortalidie resembling Micropezidse in
their general appearance.

ORTALIDiE — INTUODUCTION.

19

Qhlorophora moy also belong tliorc, as Rob. Desvoidy espe-
cially mentions its relationship to Setellia.

The following amon'j Rob. Dc'ivoidy's genera belong there-
fore to the Ortalidse : Dk-hromyia, I'alpuiiiyta, JlesyijuUlia,
Heramyia, Mijoris, 0-'<cints, liluinvillia, Mevkelia, Jlclirria,
Myennis, Dclphinia, Myrmecomyia, Fvlistoides, Herina, Myo-
dina, liichardia, liivellia, Boisduvalh'a. Yery probably Se-
tellia and Chlorophora have to be added to them. The syste-
matic position of Stylophora is doui)tfuI. Genera not belonging
to the Ortalidae are ; Straussia, Vidalia, Acidia, Clidonia.

(c.) In Macquart.

During his long crreer as an entomological writer, Macquart
has several times changed his views with regard to the classifi-
cation of the Diplera acalyptera, as was to be expected from
the great difficulty of the subject. His opinion, however, on
the extent of the family Ortalidee has, during that time, under-
gone but little change. As, strictly speaking, he is the only
writer who has attempted to establish a general system of the
diptera, embracing all parts of the world, I consider it as my
duty to give a detailed account of his views, the more so as they
differ from mine in a not unimportant manner. To attain this
end I will enumerate all tho.se of his families, with their genera,
which, according to my opinion, contain genera belonging to the
Ortalidse, as well as to the families closely connected with them,
for instance, Palloptera, Toxoneura, Lonchsea. In order to
show the progress made by Macquart during his diptcrological
studies I will give this in a twofold manner, that is, first after
the Suites d Buffnn and next after the Ih'pteres Exotifpies.
Those genera which I consider as undoubtedly Ortalideoutt I
have marked with an exclamation ; those doubtfully introduced
into this family I have designated by an interrogation. The
genera related to the Ortalidse, which I have united in the
family Pallopteridae, I have inclosed in brackets; the same I
have done with the genus Sapromyza, because Macquart does
not separate the species of Palloptera from the Sapromyzse,
although the typical Sapromyzse have no relation.ship whatever
with the Ortalidte.

The review of the part of the system above alluded to, from
the Suites d Bu^on, is as follows : —

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30

riPTERA OF NOUTU AMERICA.

[part 111.

ir

rm

ii..?;'

i

1*1

'«.

Scatomijsida.

1 Aiuethysa,

Thjjreophorida.

iSuatopbaga,

! rs'utauautbiua,

Tbyreopbora.

Dr>om>^za,

Rhopuluiuura,

(SJaproiuyza,)

! Eurypalpus,

LeplopoditcE.

(Toxoueura,)

! riatydtuuia,

Tauypeza,

tsciouiyza,

1 Loxoubura.

Calobata,

Luuiua,

Ta>uiapt(3ra,

llulomyza,

Tephrilidce.

Micropeza,

Blepbariptera,

Dacus,

Neiiud,

Ueterouiyza.

LeptoxyB,

Lougiua,

Bautrouera,

! SSuttiUia.

railomydce.

! SuQupteriua,

Orygma,

Petalophora,

Ulidini.

Ti'iguuumutopua,

Uiophora,

Actora,

Euiiua,

Terellia,

Cojlopa,

Psilomyia,

Tephritis,

Gymuopoda,

! Tetanops,

Aoinia,

Lipara,

! Pyrgota,

Eudiua.

! Ulidia.

! Otites,

Flatycephala,

Sepsida.

LauranidcE.

1 Dorycera.

iiepsis,

Lauxaiiia,

Cheligiister,

Piicliycerina,

Ortalidce.

Kemopoda,

(Loucbaea,)

! Uerina,

! Cepbalia,

(Teremyia,)

! Ortalis,

! Michogaster,

Pterodoutia,

1 Ceroxys,

Diopsis.

Celypbus.

Cleitauiia,

In tbe Dipteres Exotiques the corresponding part of the sys-
tem assumes the following shape, about which I have only to ob-
serve that in this work Macquart brings in only those genera in
which he intended to describe, or at least to mention, exotic
species ; the genera Toxoneura, Lucina, Tetanopa, Otites, Flaty-
cephala, etc., although not mentioned in this list, ought, in order
to render it complete, to be transferred to it from the former.

Scaiomy:id<e.
Soatopbaga.

Scinmyzidce.
Dryomyza,
Tapeigaater,
(Sapromyza,)
Pbysegenua,

Sciomyza,
H«lomyza,
Curtouotain.

Psilomiidm.

! Eumetopia,
Ecteoepbala,
! Dorycera.

Ortalidce,

! Oxycepbala,
t Loxouenra,
! Platystoma,
! Camptoiieura,
! Heterogaster,
Rbopalomera,
t Euripalpus,

ORTAUD.T -INTUODUCTION.

21

! Eniconeura,
Cleitamia,
1 Richardia,
' Senopteriua,
! U«riua,
! Epidesma,
I Ceroxys,
! Ortalis,
! Ametlijsa,
I Lamprogaster,
! Euprosopia,
I Coolometopia,
I Notacnnthina,
! Crupliiocera,
! Plagiocepliala,
! Campigaster.

Tephritidft.

! Odontomera,
Leptoxys,

Cardiacera,

Dacus,

I Meracantba,

liactrocera,

Enicuptera,

Ceratitis,

Acantboueura,

Urophora,

! Toxura,

Tephritis,

Terellia,

Acinia,

1 Epicerella,

En^iua.

Sepsidce.

! Cephalia,
! Omalocephala,
t Conopsida,
Nemopoda,

Sepsis.

Diopsid'CB.
Diopsia.

Leptopodita.
Loiigina,
Nerius,
Cardiacera,
Calobata,
Toxopoda,
Taiiypeza,
! Stitellia.

Lauxanidce.

(LoDchsea,)
Lauxania,
! Ulidia,
Zygothrica,
Celypbus.

In the Dipt(*res Exotiques, after the families I have enume-
rated the Helomyzidse and Geomyzidx follow, and after them
the

Heteromyzida.
Heteromyza,
Actora,
1 Dichromyia,
CcElopa.

Id examining the systematic distribution, introduced by Mac-
quart in the Suites d Bvffon, we soon find that as early as that
work, he had, if not a definite knowledge, at least a correct in-
stinct of the true characters of the Ortalidse, less correct, how-
ever, than Rob. Desvoidy, who wrote before him.

Those genera which, in that work, he united in the family
Ortalidse really belong to it, with the exception of Rhopalomera
and, very probably, of Cleitamia; the latter genus seems to be
hardly distinct from Henicoptera, which belongs to the Tiy-
petidse.

A double error seems to be contained in the separation of the
genera Tefavops, Pyrgota, Otites, and Dorycera from the Orta-
lidse and their combination with Orygma, Trigonometopxis,
Eurina, Psilomyia, and Platycephala into one family, the Ptii-

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22

DIPTEHA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AKT iir.

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lomydne. Their relationship with tlie Ortalidae is evident
Among the genera whicli Maciiuart places in one family with
them, Eurina and Plah/rcphala belong to the Osciiiidte, each
of the others to some other dipterous family ; none shows any
close relationship to the Orlalidse. In the Diplvres Exotiques
Macquart has in part corrected this error, as at least Oxyce.phala,
of the Identity of which with Pyrgota he was not aware, is put
among the Ortalidae.

A second error is that tho ortalideous genus Stenopterina
(Macquart incorrectly writes Hcnople.rina) has been placed in
his family Tephritidse. In the JJijMres Exoiiqucs Macquart
has amended this error.

A third mistake consists in Macquart having placed in his
genus Urnphora several species which do not at all belong to his
family Tephritidx ; his Uroph.ora quadriviltata, fulvifrons, laxii
several others, are true Ortalidae.

Fourthly, the position of the genera Cephalia and Michogader
(better 3Iischogastra, or at least Mischogasler) among the Scp-
sidae cannot be sustained. As has been observed already, we
agree with Rob. Desvoidy in considering both as true Ortalidae
on account of the large development of the palpi as well as of
the structure of the ovipositor.

Neither can I, in the fifth place, agree with Macquart in put-
ting Setellia among his Leptopodidae ; I refer it also to the Or-
talidae, and this once more in agreement with Rob. Desvoidy.

A sixth error is the great interval between Ulidia and the
other Ortalidae, as well as the whole composition of the family
Ulidini. Lipara, with which Macquart's genus Gymnopoda is
synonymous, belongs to the Oscinidae; Coelopa and Aclora do
not belong to the same family, neither with Lipara, nor with
Ulidia, nor together. In the Dipteres Exotiques Macquart did
rightly in dropping altogether the ill-conceived family of Ulidinae.

I will not expatiate here on the incorrectness of the position
of Palloptera, Toxonciira, Lonchaea, and Teremyia (established
for Lonchaea laticornis), as this inquiry is of no especial im-
portance to us.

It is easy to perceive that the system is improved in the Dip-
tf!res Exotiques ; but even here Dorycera is misplaced among
the Pitilomydae, together with Eumelopia (which belongs to the
Ortalidae).

OHTALlDii; — INTIU/M ClIUX.

23

In his family Tcphrilidve the gfiius Oduntumera iri ostublishod,
wliioh is closely related to t'lcluniclopia on one side and Setcllia
on tlie other, aud must therefore be traiiaferred to the OiiuUdas.

The same may be said of tlie genus Meracanlha, the true
place of which is in the vicinity of Odunlomera, SetelUa, t'a'lu-
vietvpia, Richardia, etc.

The genus Toxura, judging from the published figure, also
belongs to the Ortalidie, and indt.'cd in the circle of relationship
of Pyrgota; whether the examination of the insect itself would
lead to the same result I do not pretend to affirm, as I have not
seen it.

The figure of the head of EpicereUa {Dipt. Exot., Suppl. iv..
Tab. xxvii.) might perhaps justify the supposition that the genus
belongs to the Orlalida^; n(!V(!rtheless I think it more probable
either that the frontal bristles, characteristic of the Trypetidse,
were broken off in Macquart's specimen, or that they have been
omitted in the drawing. Thus I do not dare to express any
opinion as to the correctness of the position assigned by Mac-
quart to this genus.

Gephalia, in the Dipleres Exotiqucs, is likewise put among
the Sepaidse instead of among the Ortalidie.

Omaluccphala (better Ilomalocephala, at all events, a preoc-
cupied name) seems to belong in the vicinity of Selellia, Cado-
metopia, etc., that is, in the family Ortalidse.

The genus Conopsidca, as Macquart informs us, is founded
upon Gephalia femoralis Wied. ; in the Suites d Buffon, this
same and two more species gave him occasion to establish the
genus Michogaater. If these two data be correct, as we have
every reason to supnose, Conopt^idea would be a synonym of
Michogader ; the emendation of the incorrectly formed name
Conopaidea thus becomes useless.

The erroneous location of Setellia at the end of the Leptopo-
ditae is preserved.

Ulidia is transferred to the family Lauxanidae, where it is %
perfect stranger.

About the systematic position of Zygothrica (not Zygotricha,
as Gray, in the Animal Kingdom, spoils, in trying to improve it),
a genus already proposed by Wiedemann in his essay on Achins,
•I can only form an opinion from the statements of Wiedemann
and Macquart on the typical species, Z. dispar, as well as from

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24

DIPTEIIA OF XOKTII AMKRICA.

[part III.

their figures. It seems to me tliat this species may belong to
the Dromphilidse. Jn tlie Derliii Museum there i.s n little fly
which apparently belongs to this genus ; 1 liave not been able
to ascertain whether this species is Z. dispnr, but I liave seen
enough not to doubt in the least of its belonging to the Droso-
philidfe.

Dichromyia is wrongly placed ))y Macquart among the Ihtr-
roimjzidie, between Acfora and Co'lopa. 1 will maintain for the
present its position among the Ortulidve, although I cannot deny
that a better place might perhaps be found for 't ; however, no
such place has been pointed out yet. Hesides the typical spe-
cies, Dichromi/in aanfjuinici'pfi, Maccjuart has another species
from Africa, which, as I will show hereafter, cannot well belong
to this genus.

About the genera which Macquart, in the Diptcres Uxotiqum,
places in the family Ortalidae, I will make the following re-
marks : —

Oxyecphala, as was mentioned before, is identical with Pi/r-
gota.

Lo.roneura is established for Plafi/fitoma decora.

ridli/xfoma ismisusedfor the location of a number of hotern.
geueous forms ; whatever had broad wings, with a dark picture,
among the rest a Trypeta, was taken by Macquart for a Plaly-
stoma.

Camptoneura is a true ortalideous genus, based upon Trypeta
pida Wied., and, as observed above, identical with Delphi nia
Rob. Desv. Macquart has likewise used this genus for the
introduction of species not belonging there at all, for instance,
of Trypeta ohscura Wied.

Hetoroc/aster (a preoccupied name) is a well founded genus in
the neighborhood of Pyrgota.

Euripalpus (a hybrid name), judging from Macquart's data,
belongs to the Ortalidae.

The genus Eniconeura (better Ilcniconeura) is said to be
distinguished by its spurless middle tibia?. If such were really
the case the genus could not belong to the Ortalidae, nor to any
of the allied families. But in Ilcmcoiwxira feneslralis Macq.,
I perceive at the end of the middle tibite a rather strong spur,
which is closely applied to the tarsus when the latter is stretched.

ORTALII)^ — INTUODICTION.

25

out. Tlare cannot bo uiiy tluubt, therefore, tbut the genus really
belongs to the (Jrtalidfe.

liichai'dla, in the Diptires Brotiqites, is with good reason en-
tirely dL'itiinited from lltrina, with whieh it was uuiteU in the
Suilt'S (I liuff'on.

Senoplerina (I have already corrected the name to Stennpfe-
rina) luis been placed here where it really belongs, among the
Ortaliilee.

Herina is a mixture of heterogeneous forms, which must be
gcncrically kept apart.

JJpidetiina is probably synonymous with ItivcUia R. Dosv. ;
moreover, Macquart has placed .species of the latter genus under
the head of Ilcrina, of Urophora, and even of Cero.njs.

Ceroxys is a rather well founded genus, established nt the
expense of Orlalis Meig. But in the Diptcres Exoliques Mac-
quart adds species to it which do not at all share its characters ;
for instance Ceroxys co'rulea, etc. It almost seems, in such in-
stances, that he mistakes this geims for another.

The genus Orlalis is a mi.xture of heterogeneous species ;
how is it possible to crowd together in one and the same genus
such species as Orlalis ornata Meig., fasciata Fab., connexa
Fab., frondescenlise Lin., vibrans Lin., and even the Orlalis
denlipes Macq., said to be provided with spurs on the hind
tibiae ? Either Macquart has not known these species or he has
not closely examined them, otherwise he could not possibly have
committed such a mistake ; how very confused liis ideas about
the sy.stematic position of these species was, appears from the
fact that he described Scatophaga fasciata Fab. as an Ortalis,
and for a second time as Tephritiii and that Dichja conriexa Fab.
even appears three times in his writings, as Cordylura, as Orlalis,
and as Te2)hrilis! {Dipt. ExoL, Suppl. iv., p. 292, Tephritis
dorsal is.)

The true characters of Amelhysa are not to be gatliorcd from
Macquart's definition of this genus. As the name alludes to the
color of the African species, upon which the genus is estab-
li.shed, it should be improved to Amelhysta.

Lamprogaster is a well founded genus ; but the species be-
longing to it show considerable difTcrences in their organization
.which would fully justify a subdivision in several genera. It be-
longs in the vicinity of Plalysloma.

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20

Dll'TKHA OF NOUTII AMEHICA.

[I'AllT III.

t'a'luDK loi)in sit'ius to bo fouiiUed on Tnjin'ta trimaculnta
Fub., whifli Maoquurt did not iduuliiy ; it is closely allied to
Odoiiluinera uiid Sclelliu.

Eupronupia undoubtedly belongs to tlie OrtafitJ/e.

Nofacaiitliuia is fouiidid upon Tctanoceru bit^pinom, Fab,

Tilt' liguro of the in'tid <tf Crifphiocera (better Cryp/iioccra)
seems to indicate that tlie species would be better placed in some
other part of the system, as it has slroMg bristles on the fore-
head ; the otlier characters, however, prove that its location
among the Orlalid/e ciiiinnt well be called in doubt.

The position of I'laijioccpliala among the Ortalidse likewise
cannot be doubted ; it seems closely related to liichardia, which
also contains broad headed species.

Campiijaster (a frightful compound) is undoul)tedly will
placed among the Orlalidw, bu^. the name cannot be preserved
in its present shape.

(d.) In Walker.

Although Macquart's publications do not always define with
suflicient i)recision the systematic i)osition of the genera intro-
duced by him, this position could, in most cases, be n)ado out,
and moreover, the attempt, on liis part, of a systematic distribu-
tion is always apparent. Walker's })ul)lications (, , e,\otic diptera
do not, unfortunately, deserve this i)raise. The systematic de-
partment, as well as everything else in them, is treated with the
same superficial carelessness. In most cases it would be impos-
sible to make out, from his statements, the real place in the
system which the genera, introduced by him, must occupy, unless
they were accompanied, as is often the case, by the excellent
figures of "Westwood. These usually furnish the necessary data
concerning the relationship of the new genera; they would have
done so in all cases if Westwood's attention had been directed
to the sometimes very minute characters which arc used in the
classification of the diptera and especially of the Diptera acahj-
plera; the fact that in the majority of cases these characters arc
reproduced in the figures, give a most brilliant proof of the ac-
curacy of Westwood's drawings, and of his keen perception.

Walker's publications in the List of Dipt. //).>>•. of the Brit. Mu)^.,
and in the Tnsecfa Sainulersiaun, do not raise our expectations
very high, as the Orlalidve and Trypdidse are mingled together

OllTALlD^K — INTU(»I»L(rnoN.

87

poncrnlly ; forms such us Caini)loneuraj)icta Tub., Tri//)cfa arru'
alu Walk., T. albuvuria Walk., T. ejctrplu Walk., elc, arc ci-rlaiiily
no Tnjintidui ! In Walker's later itubliealions, llie systematic
conrusion is still greater. As far as 1 ean ascertain, among tlio
genera itublislied in the latter, Adrana, JJrca, Vulonia, are Or-
taliilw ; the two latter l)elong in the vicinity of I'loli/.sloma. 'J'ho
genera Themara, Struincla, Sophira, and Jiiiua belong to the
TrijjH'tidic. The genus Xaixjflina is closely related to J'/n/t,u-
ijcnia, i)erhap.s identical with it, and hence, has to be jdaced
among the SupromijzidBe. The position of the genus Xiria re-
mains doul)lfid, even in the presence of Westwood's figure; it
bliuws some characters which make one doui)t that it belongs to
the Dijilcra acipliorea at ail. The genera Ihtomyia and Chro'
vmlomijia, which, taken together, seem to correspond to Lam-
profjnt<ler Macq., nnd Zona, which is apparently identical with
LihCuHcura, are 0 rial id a; ; Walker, in the Linl of l)i])l. Ins.
etc., has erroneously placed them among th'> Tavhlnidse, together
with Triyonoaloma, which likewise belongs ui the (hiulidve (how-
ever, he corrected this error iu one of his later publications.)

{e.) In Bigol, Ocrstaecker, Doleschall and Saunders.

In recent times it is to IJigot and Gerstajckcr that the increase
of our knowledge of exotic diptera is ijrincijially duo.

The genera 2\'raslonii/ia, Maria, Afjaslrodea, and Plerogenia,
established by Bigot, belong to the Orlalidse. Elusaogasler like-
wise, although i)laced among the llelomyzidae by JJigot, must bo
referred to the Orlalidfe. His genus Elajdiromyia, on the con-
trary, if description and figure be correct, belongs to the 7 V^-
peddse.

Gersta3ckcr has established tlie ortalidoous genera, Phylalmia,
Gorgopis, Toocotrypana, and Diavrila, and described several new
species of Itivhaj'dia and Mixvhorjai^ler. riiylalmia has a .syno-
nym iu Saunders's genus IJlojihomyia {Elaphomyia Wallacei
Sauud. = Phylalmia megalolis Gerst. ; Elaj/homyia cfrvicornis
Saund. = Phylalmia cerricornis Gerst.). The genus Gorgopis
seems, as the author himself supposes, to be synonymous with
Zijcjfenula paradoxa, described somewhat earlier by Doleschall.
If iu the genus Toxotrypana the outer row of frontal bristles is
really wanting, and it thus should really belong to the Orlalidse,
the not flattened ovipositor of this genus would place it in the

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[I'AiiT iir.

iicijrliltorlinod of J'l/ryota, with wliicli it, ulso nj^rcoH in the small
(Icvi'lopiiK'iit <»f the clypt'iJH. However, the ocelli are fully
developed, and the stnictiire of the head is rather like that ol' tho
true f^pecies of l>aiHH, as Ifuins ulin, vW., so that it iiii^fht per-
linpH he cotiHiderod ns a genus of this k>'<)<>|'> '" ^hieli, in eon.
forniily U> the slrikinj^ shortness of all the hairs of tho l)ody, tho
lateral lirislles of the front have disa|)peared. This KUppositioii
seems cfOifinneU l>y the seutelhiiu whieh has oidy two bristles at
the tip; and the nneovered last aitdoiniiud segment of the female,
which is generally wanting in the JJaciita, or is altogether eoti-
coaled under the preceding segment, is not a positive object ion,
ns this segment is very much abltreviated and much less horny
than the jireceding ones, and thus can very easily be concealed
in the living insect.

Among the scatt<!red publications of various authors many
forms may be found which belong to the Orlalidoc. I jturposely
omit what I know of them, especially the gradually pul)lished
species of the genera already discussed by me. It is not in my
power to collect the residue, and I doidit whether such a work
would materially alter the limits of the family Ortalidse as they
liavc resulted from the preceding discussion.

Natural Characters of the Family OiiTALiDi^E.

If wc a.sk now what we have to erase or to modify in tho cha-
racters of the original genua Orfalix, in ^Feigen's and Wiedc-
maiiirs ponse, in order to obtain the characters defining the whole
family, the answer will be that it is very little indeed. In the
first place, the mention of the pilosity of the front must be modi-
lied a little, ns there arc genera among the Ortalidm which have
no other l)ristle before the bristles of the vertex. Xe.\t to that,
the description of the structure of the feet has to be changed
thus, that in most genera they are short and strong, but in some
rather elongate. In the third jdace, the statement about the
female abdomen must be modified by saying that it has generally
five segments, but that the fifth is T(>ry often shortened and con-
cealed under the fourth, and that, in some cases, it entirely dis-
appears, and then the abdomen has only four segments. In the
fourth place, the introduction of P>/rrtofn and of tho related genera
in the family, requires a modifiontion in the statement about the
structure of the ovipositor, which is not flattened here ; the chief

OUTALin.K — INTKODICTIUN.

iJO

Atrfss in tliin Htatrnioiit sliniiM !)«• laid upon tiio rcninindir of tliu
sinicliirc, wliicli is tli<- Miriit- in nil tliu (^riicni. In the litili iilacc,
tlif nii'iilioii of lilt' Itristlcs on iho lii>l litnf^itudiiiul viiu wlnmkl
not 1)0 lulniittfd in llic ddlnilinn of the fitniily.

Tilt' dt'linilittii id' llif (hlalulu cun llifrt-rort' be ]>u( in I lit' ft)l-
jowin^; nmnnor : Front brtxiil in Itntli m'Xos ; on l)i)lli siilts of
till' VI rlfx H nmri.' or k^s diVfloprd hWfllinj? runs duwn llii' IVont,
iilKin wliifli, biforc tlic Itri^tlc of llio vfrii'X, ont' or twd frii-t
itrisili's arc iiisorti'd, wliioli, liowcvcr, are wunlinn' in sonir jirnern.
Olliorwirtc the front has only tlie ordinary piiltcsrcncc, or is ipiite
bare, but never provided witli a second row of strong bristles
aloii^r I lie i)rl»it, even when the hairs on both sides of the villa
froiildlis almost aeipiire, in some few jreiiera, the idiiiructer of
bristles. Frontal lissure distinct; frontal luiiuli' never pushed
HO far up us to appear to be a part of the front; eviii in those
{genera in whieli, on neeount of the great curvature of the fmntal
fissure, as In (Julu/ta, the luiiule happens to lie higher than the
anteiime, it always distinctly appears as a part of the face; in
many genera it is not distinguishable from the face. The vibrissie
are always wanting. The eyes are bare. The elypeus is always
distinct, of various size, usiudly well developed. J'roiioscis more
or less stout. Palpi rather broad, often very broad, very seliloin
narrow. Metanolum larger than usual, .strongly ])rojeeiing pos-
teriorly and inferiorly. P'eet generally rather stout and sliort, in
some genera, however, of a considerable, although not striking,
length and slenderness. Middle tibiie distinctly spurred ; front
and hind tibiie spurless ; no erect prenpical bristle before the end
of the ujijier side of the tlbiie. The abdomen of the male has
four segments, however the first consists of two oonlescent seg-
ments which is also the case in the females; the but little
devel())M'd fifth segment rejiresents a small, ninro or loss imbedded
hypopygiiim ; the tnpo-liko or tlirond-like penis is of an extra-
ordinary length, rolled up in a spiral. The female abdomen
consists of five sogmonts, the fifth of which is often very much
al)breviaied, sometimes wanting, so tliat the abdomen of the
feniide then seems to consist of only four segments; the sixth,
si>venth, and eighth segments of the abdomen are converted into
tlic three telescope-like, extensile joints of the ovipositor, ending
in a simple, hairless point; in most cases the ovipositor is flat-
tened, and then its first joint often differs but little in its nature

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and coloring from the preceding abdominal segments. The wings
show the complete venation of the Diplera acalyjdera; the
auxiliary vein is entirely separated from the first longitudinal
vein, although often very much approximated to it; it runs into
the costa at a more or less acute angle, without becoming indis-
tinct at its end ; the two posterior, so-called small basal cells,
are of a rather considerable size.

EeLATIOMSIIIP of the ORTALIDiE.

The great variety of forms occurring among the OrtaJidse
accounts for the number of their near or distant connection.)
among other families. A relationship of the first degree, wliitii
finds its most distinct expression in the similarity of the structure
of the nude hypopygiuni and of the female ovipositor, connects
them with the Tryiielidse and the Pallopteridse, as well as those
two families with each other. All three form a very close circK)
of relationship, the members of which have very similar habits.

The Grlalidse differ from the Tri/j)etidae in the absence of a
second, external row of frontal bristles, and in the course of the
auxiliary vein, which, in the Tryp^.tidse, is obliterated at the
end and turns rather abruptly, at a more or less right angle, to-
wards the costa.

From the Pallopteridse, the Orfalidse differ in the more con-
siderable sire of the two posterior basal cells.

A relationship of the second degree connects the Orlalidse with
the Sepaidse and Calobatidse, as well ns these families with each
other. Both dilTer from the Orlalidse distinctly in the structure
of the male hypopygiuni and the want of a horny, three-jointed
ovipositor, ending in a simple, hairless point. The Sepsidse dif-
fer moreover in their rudimentary palpi from the Orlalidse, as
well as from the Calobntidfe.

With those of the closely related families which, among their
characters, have an erect preapical bristle before the tip of the
tibifB, and, at the same time, do not have any vibrissoe, that is,
with the Sop'omyzidse and Sciomyzidfe, the Orlalidse have only
a very distant relationship. I would have left it unmentioned if
the genus Bhopalomera, which I consider as belonging to the
Sapromyzidse, had not l)eon ]»laced among the Ortnlidfie. The
presence of an erect bristle before the end of the tibise, the diflVr-
ent structure of the hypopygiuni in the male, the absence of an

ORTALID.E. — INTRODUCTION.

81

ovipositor, similar to that of the Ortalidse, suflQciently distinguish
the Sapromyzidas and Sciomyzidae.

Diagnostic or Artificial Definition of the Ortalidse.

The statements about the relationship of the Ortalidse prove
that the following characters are suflicient to distinguish this
family from all the others, in other words, to constitute its arti-
ficial definition.

Male with a rolled-up, long penis ; female with a three-jointed,
horny ovipositor, ending in a simple point. Front without a
second lateral row of bristles. No vibrissa;. Complete venation
of the Dipfera acalyptera ; auxiliary vein distinct to its very tip,
ending in the costa at an acute angle; the two posterior basal
cells large. The middle tibia; alone are provided with spurs; all
the tibitB are without an erect bristle before the end of their
upper side.

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II.

SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORTALIDH.

The last, but not the easiest, task which it remains for me to
fulfil is the systematic distribution of the family Ortalidae. In
attempting it, I will princii^ally confine myself to those genera
and species which I possess in my own collection. Only iu
exceptional instances, and with especial caution, will I allow
myself to transgress the limit of what I have, or have had, before
me, as the statements concerning the other genera and species
which have been published are st Idon^ ^oaiplete enough to afford
the uecessary data for the discrimination of their position in the
system.

In order to obtain a preliminary survey I first divide the
Orlalidse in two large divisions ; to the first belong those which
have the first longitudinal vein beset with bristles or hairs; to
the second, those the first longitudinal vein of which is bare.

FIRST DIVISION.

Ortalid^ with a Bristly or Hairy First Longitudinal

Vein. ,

Among the European Ortalidse of this divisir/n five diverging
forms will easily be noticed : 1. Adaptiilia; .' ^'-'alis Meig.,
of course to the exclusion o*" 0. si/n(/i'nei<^'sc .^m i'ftraH.s; 3.
jt*lahj stoma ; 4. Cephalia; and 5. Sca(op}iaga,/at'''i(a¥a.h.

All the other European genera with a bristly first longitudinal
vein can be grouped around these five types, with the exception
perhaps of the somewhat recalcitrant genus Psairvptera. The
same may be said of all the exotic Orlalidse of this division
which I know of Thus, the Orlalidee of the first division may
be naturally divided into five groups.

We will characterize these groups only after having made out
the genera whieh belong to them, and we will proceed to the dis-
covery of these genera by means of the principal characters which
distinguish the above-mentioned five types.
I 32 )

H ■< '-'M

ORTALIDJE — SYtTEVATIC DISTRIlilTION.

83

Adapxilia .sliuws a t-trikiiig (•liaraeter, distinguishing it from
oil the others, iu the abaeuce of ocelli uud the not flattened ovi-
positor,

Scalophaga fasciata with its broad and low head, the circular
shape of its third antennal joint, and the considerable distance
intervening between the end of the auxiliary vein and that of tlie
first longitudinal, has a general appearance which differs from
the four other types so much that for a long time the close re-
lationship of this species with the others was, for this reason,
misunderstood.

Ortalis, Platyatoma, and Cephalia differ in a .ery marked
way in the mode of insertion of the bristles upon the pleura;.

Ortalis has a strong bristle immediately above the basis of the
fore coxae ; this bristle is not extant in Cej'halia and Plafijsloma.

Cephalia has above the middle coxae, but below the longitudi-
nal suture of the pleura;, a strong bristle, which is also present
in Ortalis, but entirely wanting in Flafi/stonia. If, for the sake
of brevity, I call the first protho7'acic, the second mesothoracic
bristle, the difference between these three genera will be as fol-
lows : Ortalis has a prothoracic and a niesothoracic bristle ;
Cephalia has the mesothoracic bristle only ; in Platystoma both
are wanting.

First Section : Pyrgotina.

I borrow the name of this group from the genus Pyrgota "Wied.,
to which Adapsilia is most closely related. Both genera agree
in the absence of ocelli, in the projecting front, the prolonged
second antennul joint, the retreating face, the comparatively but
little developed clypeus, the prolongation of the first abdominal
segment in both sexes, and the contraction of the following seg-
ments in the female, as well as in the capsule-shaped structure
of the first joint of the ovipositor, and in several other sub-
ordinate characters.

The principal difference between these genera consists in the
structure of the antennal fovea;, which, in Adapsilia, run down
in a parallel direction as far as the edge of the mouth, and are
separated by a straight ridge, while in Pyrgota they end at some
distance from the edge of the mouth, and are more or less
coalcscent.

The South-African genus, Ilypotyphla, founded by me, agrees
3

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84

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part i:i.

with Pyrgota and AdapsiUa in the want of ocelli, and rusemblop
Adapsilia very much i;: the structure of the face ; but it differs in
the but inconsiderable elongation of the first abdominal segment,
in the greater length of the other segments of the female abdomen,
and especially iu the long, elongated-conical, but not flattened
ovipositor.

Judging by the figure which Macquart gives of his Toxura
maculipennis, I must suppose with a considerable degree of pro-
bability, that it likewise belongs in this circle of relationship.

1 have no doubt that the interesting genus Toxotrypana Gerst.,
if placed in the family Ortalidse, would find its location in the
section Pyrgotina, on account of its not flattened ovipositor, it?
hairy first longitudinal vein, and the small development of its
clj'pcus. The presence of ocelli, the enormous length of the ovi-
positor, and the elongation of the posterior angle of the anal ctll
into a very long lobe distinguish this genus from the othor
genera of the group in a most marked manner. I have already
alluded to the fact that this genus shows some characters whieli
would seem to justify its location not among the Ortalidee ut
all, but among the Trypetidse of the group Dacina.

Mr. Macquart has established the genu^ Ileterogaster for a
South-African species. As the name he gave to this genus was
preoccupied a long time ago, I replace it by the name oi Spheno-
prosopa. This genus is very like Adopailia in the structure of
the head ; in the profile it projects considerably in front of the
eyes : the middle of the face forms a high and straight ridge
descending perpendicularly ; alongside of it the antenna! fovcfe,
which are further from the middle than usual, descend perpendi-
cularly to the edge of the mouth. The cheeks are very broad.
The oral opening is very small, the clypeus but little developed,
and the proboscis not incrassated. Sphenoprosopa diflFers from
Adapsilia, Pyrgota, and Hypotyphla by the presence of distinct
ocelli, the great elongation of the third antennal joint, which
nearly reaches the edge of the mouth, the enormous development
of the last segment of the abdomen of the male, very approxi-
mated cross-veins, very parallel longitudinal veins, and a not
acute posterior angle of the anal cell. The first and third lon^n-
tudinal veins are distinctly bristlv. I have no doubt tliat
Sphenoprosojja belongs to the Pyrgotina, although, on the
other hand, I must acknowledge that several of the above-

ORTALID-ff) — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

86

quoted characters seem to point towards a relationship with
Flati/sloma. But I am prevented from laying much stress upon
them by the small development of the clypeus and the not in-
crassated proboscis, characters which are not usual in the circle
of relationship of J'lali/stoma.

The typical species of the genus Dichromyia, proposed by
Rob. Desvoidy, is Wiedemann's Tetanopa sanguinicej)H from
Brazil. Macquart afterwards described a second species, Dichro-
vujia cajfra. I cannot approve of these two species being united
in the same genus. The front of D. caffra is much shorter, and
anteriorly it does not project as much iu the profile as in D. mri.
yuiniceps; moreover the ocelli are wanting here, while the other
species has them, and the vertical diameter of their eyes is much
longer than the horizontal, while in D. sanguiniceps the hori-
zontal diameter exceeds the vertical ; the scutellum is convex,
and the tegulae very large, while D. sanguiniceps has a flat
scutellum and small tegulaj. Whether the longitudinal veins are
beset with bristles in the same manner in both species or not.
I cannot state positively ; in D. cajfra the first and third veins
are very distinctly beset with hairs; in D. sanguiniceps, if I
remember right, tiiC first vein is beset with a hardly perceptible
pubescence, but I cannot positively affirm that such is the case.
But without insisting upon this difference, the others are sufficient
to justify a generic separation. For this reason I have established
for D. caffra Macq. a species generally found on an offensively
smelling plant, the new genus Bromophila.

As to the final decision about the place of the American genus
Dichromyia, I must leave it in abeyance until I have an oppor-
tunity to examine both sexes of D. sanguiniceps.

The ovipositor of the species of Bromophila is much more re-
tracted than in the other genera of the present group ; and
although not flattened, it is not at all incrassated ; unfortunately
I have not been able to ascertain on any female specimen whether
the ovipositor ends in a simple point, as it seems to me it docs.
Should this not be the case, the genus would not belong to the
Orialidse at all. At present I cannot find a better place for it
than in the neighborhood of Pyrgota.

I know of no other genera belonging to the Pyrgotina. At
present, therefore, the section is composed as follows : —

1. Pyrgota Wied. ; 2. Adapsima Waga. ; 3. Toxura Macq. ;

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36

DIPTERA OF NOliril AMEKICA.

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4. llYPOTYPIILA L\V. ; 5. TOXOTIIYPANA Goi'St. ; fi. Sl'llKNOI'UO-

Boi'A, L\v. ; 7. Bkomophila, L\v. ; and 8. Dichuumyia, 11. Dtsv.
Tilt' Oual decision about tlie location of Toxolrypana, Bromo-
phila, and Dichromyia is, of course, reserved.

The characters common to these eiglit genera are : oral open-
ing small ; proboscis not incrassated ; clypeus but little developed ;
no bristle upon the broad cheeks, and no bristle innnediaieiy
over the fore cox«e ; the first longitudinal vein hairy ; the costal
vein so > attenuates beyond the end of the third longitudinal
vein. Tiiv ovipositor is not flattened.

Second Section : Plattjstomina.

The name of this section is derived from Plafytitoma Meig.,
the oldest and best known genus in it.

Platystoma is represented in Europe by a number of closely
allied species which must be considered as typical. "We may
entertain different views on the extent of the genus PlahjHloDtu,
stillwe would not be justified iu introducing in it, as has often
been done, species which, in the majority of the most important
characters, differ from the European Platystomse. In fact, most
of the exotic species, described by different authors as belonging
to Platystoma, do not belong to it at all.

The Dictya decora Fabr., identical with Tephritis violacea
Gray, and placed by "Wiedemann among the Platystomse, has the
posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out into a long lobe ; this
character at once distinguishes this species, not only from Platy-
stoma proper, but from all the genera closely related to it. Mac-
quart was right in establishing the new genus Loxoneura for it.
"U'alker afterwards called it Zona, Judging from the figure of
the head of Loxoneura decora, in profile, given by Macquart in the
Diptdres Exotiques, this genus must belong to the Platystomina ;
the absence of the pro- and niesothoracic bristles, and the only
four-jointed abdomen of the female confirm the correctness of
this location ; the fore femora are spinous.

Whether the South-American Platystoma stictica Fab. really
belongs to Platystoma is very doubtful.

Only a few of the species, placed by Macquart in the genus
Platystoma really belong there, for instance, none of his Ameri-
can species. Platystoma fascipennis and ocellata are Ortalidse,
but belong to the Pterocallina, not to the Platystomina. Platy-

ORTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC DISTIUBUTION.

87

stoma lunvlcUa belongs, unless the figure of the head is entirely
incorrect, to the Irypctidae and not to the Ortalidse. Tlie same
may be said of Plaltjdoma latipennis, of wliicli Macquart does
not give the hahilat, but which is American.

In the same way as those species of Macquart, "Walker's
Platystoma auslraliii, from Australia, does not belong to tliis
genus. It seems even that not one of the Australian Platyxtomee
hitherto described is a real Plalystoma, and that this genus is
confined to the three old continents.

Should we even confine, as we must necessarily do, the genus
Platysloma to those species only which agree with the European
species in the formation of the head, in the venation, and in the
peculiar picture of the wings, we will find species in it which
show some, and not unimportant, plastic dilTercnces. To the
European species, the arista of which has only a short pubescence,
may be opposed African species, some of which have the arista
perfectly bare, and the scutellum very luuch swollen, with only
four bristles upon it (for instance, Platystoma aaphoUina Wied.);
others, on the contrary, with a feathery ari.sta. The latter are
again divided in species, in which, as in the European species,
the scutellum has six bristles, and the femora are unarmed (for
instance, Platystoma nigronotata Lw.); and in such the scutel-
lum of which has four bristles, and the front femora of which, on
the under side, towards the tip, are armed with a few little
spines. The latter, and among them P. pectoralls Lw., differ
moreover from the former in the usually more metallic coloring
of the conspicuously broad abdomen, the upper half segments of
which have a much harder consistency than in the other species ;
and besides, in such species, the two parts of the first abdominal
segment, which represent the first two al)dominal segments of
other diptera, are not completely coalescent. It results from Ihe
foregoing that Platyfitoma may easily be subdivided in four
smaller genera, which can be distinguished by the following
characters : —

1. Arista bare ; femora unarmed ; scutellum swollen, with
four bristles ; type : P. aaphaUina Wied.

2. Arista with a very short pubescence ; femora unarmed ;
scutellum moderately convex, with six bristles ; type: P. umbra-
rum Lw.

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88

DIPTERA OF NOIITII AMKUICA.

[I'AUT III.

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3. Arista feathery ; femora unarmed ; scutcllum moUerutely
convex, with six bristles ; type ; F. nigronotata Lw.

4. Arista feathery ; front femora spinous ; scutellura but little
convex, with four l)ristles ; type : P. poUuralis Lw.

As in the remaining parts of the organization there is a grc^t
deal of agreement among all the Pla/i/stomae, and as at the same
time the number of the described species is not large enough to
require a further subdivision of the genus, wo may leave it undi-
vided for the present. Walker's genus Yalonia is closely allied
to Platysloma. Unfortunately, 1 possess only a single male of
Valonia complicata Walk., which, moreover, is not very well
preserved, The structure of the head, the thorax, and the feet,
as well as the venation, do not show anything which would
justify a generic separation from Plahjstoma. The facts that the
second longitudinal vein is a little shorter, and more curved for-
ward, and that the small crossvein is a little nearer the end of
the discal cell, are evidently not sufficient for such a course.
The very much swollen and apparently only too bristly scutelluni,
as well as the moderate breadth and smooth surface of the upper
abdominal segments, would furnish a better ground for a separa-
tion from Platysloma. At all events, thus much is evident, that
Valonia does not show any distinctive characters more important
than those of the four genera would be in which, as I have
shown above, Platystoma might be subdivided.

Platystoma cincta, from Port Jackson, described by Guerin
( Voyage de la CoquiUe), may be considered as the type of a
separate genus, allied to Platystoma. Several Australian and
African species are closely connected with it. If I remember
right, such species are designated in the Berlin Museum by the
new generic name of Pachycephala. But as a genus Pachyce-
phalus exists already, I propose the name Sciiolastes. Such
species differ from Platystoma in the head being larger, the front
much broader, the portion of the face between the foveae much
more excavated, and the much narrower clypeus not protruding;
the occiput likewise is much less swollen, so that the head is
much more closely applied to the thorax, and appears entirely
sessile in the profile ; the thorax is much broader and flatter ;
the scutellum likewise, much larger and flatter, but with six
bristles ; the tegulte are as much developed as in Platystoma. The
structure of the abdomen and of the feet, as well as the venation,

ORTALIDiE — SYjSTK.MATIC DISTUIHUTION.

39

do not show any important difference from Plali/sloma; still it
is worthy of notice tiiat the under side of the front femora is beset
with a row of little black bristles, which in the larger species
assume the shape of slender spines. The coloring of the body
is generally ochre, or ferruginous-yellow, usually with black
longitudinal stripes on the thorax ; the picture of the wings con-
sists of numerous black spots, which often coalesce into cross-
bands. In Scholastes cinclus Gucr., and the species from
Australia allied to it, the first liulf of the arista is feathery, the
second bare, and on the thoracic dorsum there are two rather
distant rows of short, but strong bristles. The African Scho-
lasles, as the type of which I consider S. neplicula Lw., from
Guinea, have the whole arista bare and no trace of rows of
bristles on the thora.x. These characters may afford a ground
for dividing Scholastes in two genera, in which case the present
generic name would Lave to remain with the genus containing
6'. cinctus Guer.

Another genus, closely related to Platystoma, containing, as it
seems, exclusively Australian species, is the genus Lami'Rogas-
TER Macq., with which Chromatomyia Walk, is synonymous.
The structure of the thorax, of the abdoi. I'n, and of the feet, as
well as the venation, are very much in agreement with Platy-
stoma. The teguliB are large, larger than those of most Platy-
stomae. The structure and the arrangement of the bristles of
the front are likewise similar to those of Platystoma ; only the
third antennal joint is much longer; not only are the antennal
foveiB also longer, but deeper and more sharply defined, on their
iusicio especially ; the clypeus is of the same breadth as in Pla-
tystoma, but noi projecting; the palpi usually towards their end
are not as broad as in Platystoma, and the occiimt is less swollen ;
the scutcUum is strikingly swollen and provided with six bristles.
The abdomen of all the species is of a brilliant metallic color,
which the scutellum and the middle of the thorax often share with
it; on the latter, however, the metallic color is generally con-
cealed by the presence of pollinose longitudinal stripes, and of
an appressod pubescence of a light color. Otherwise, the color-
ing of the thorax generally is brown or chestnut-red, which color,
in many specimens, also extends over the scutellum ; the color-
ing of the wings consists of a few black spots. All the known
species of Lamprogaster have unarmed femora and a bare arista ;

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40

DII'TEHA OP NOUTH AMKIUCA.

[part III,

lr;..i,i|i

III' '

-.1 ■

ill general, their plastic characters ari> so much alike that I cui-
not point out any peculiarity, auioiig the species I know of, wiiicli
might give rise to a generic subdivision.

Next to Lamjtrofjaitter stands a genus of which Smupfrrina
decora Mae(j., from Tasmania, may be considered as the type; I
call it EuciiAiiCOTA. The front is of al)out the same breadth as
in LamprogaiiU'r , but is Oatter and altogether furrowed-scrobi-
culate. The third antciiiiul joint is still longer here ; the sharply
defined, deep antciinal fovete arc once and a half the length of
those of Lamprof/uMcr, and reach almost altogether as far down
as the front part of the lateral edge of the mouth; the arista is
beset with a short pul)escencc near its basis, otherwise bare ;
the clypeus is perceptibly narrower ; the occiput is less swollen,
so that the head is more closely applied to the thorax. The
latter is strongly built, but not us broad in the region of the
wings, and hence, of a more e(|ual breadth; scutellura convex,
but not swollen, provided with six bristles. The venation is
similar to that of the preceding genera, but differs in the fourth
vein being gently curved forward before its end, and in the third
vein being gently bent backward, so that the first posterior cell
is distinctly attenuated towards its end. The coloring of thorax
and abdomen is altogether metallic. In thus defining the ehar-
acters of the genus, I have taken in consideration some 8i)ecies
from Australia, which can very well be placed in the same genus
with the above named typical species ; nevertheless, they show
the following differences : the wings are comparatively longer
and without any picture, while in Euchalcota decora, the cross-
veins have dark borders alongside of them ; there are no other
bristles in front of the row of bristles along the posterior part of
the thoracic dorsum, while in E. decora, there are some few
shorter and thinner bristles immediately in front of that posterior
row. There is do necessity for a generic separation yet. I can-
not identify any of my species from Australia in a sati.sfactory
manner; it may be that Chromatomyia laeta Walk, belcngs
here.

It would be difficult to explain why Macquart places E^i-
chalcota decora in his genus Senopterina. The structure of the
face and the shape of the thorax are entirely different. The
comparatively narrow abdomen of the male (I have not seen the
other sex) is almost the only point of resemblance.

•^i:

ORTALIU-E — SYSTEMATIC DISTRinLTTON.

41

Tlie genus Dlomyia, of Walker, is probably closely allietl to
the above named two genera. Its defitiition is too insiilVieieiit
to enable us to tbrin a trustworthy opinion. The irregularly
formed name cannot po.ssibly be preserved.

Two species closely related to eueli other, l)elonging to the
section Pluli/stoniina, Mttc(pmrt(in the J)ij)t. Ejcolitjiiftt) has de-
scribed as Tcji/irilis cncrulca, and i<lri(jipcnniit. With several
other Australian species, very similar to them, they can bo united
in a genus which may be called ('KiiKTOii. The very striking
characters of this gonus are the following: The structure of tlio
body is Tnjpnta-Wke, with the exception, however, of the head.
Front of an equal breadth, very steep and long, so that the an-
tenna) are situated much deeper than in any other genus of the
present group ; the front is evenly and rather densely pilose ;
the bristles of the vertex and the lateral bristles, closely approxi-
mated to them are rather stout; the ocelli are near the edge of
the vertex and closely approximated to each other; the two
bristles, which otherwise are near them, are wanting here. An-
tenna; short, hardly reaching beyond the middle of the face ;
their tliird joint of equal breadth, with an acute anterior angle;
antennal arista slender, bare. Middle portion of the face con-
cave; clypeus rather broad, projecting; proboscis stout; ])alpi
rather broad towards their end. Eyes very high and narrow ;
cheeks broad ; the lower part of the occii)ut strongly turgid.
Thorax str^'ngly developed, rather of on equal breadth; scntel-
liim turgid, overhanging the perpendicular metathorax, with six
bristles. Abdonicn with four segments in both sexes, as in the
preceding genera; the last segment of the female abdomen
generally of a softer consistency. The first joint of the oviposi-
tor flattened, always entirely protruding, suddenly attenuated
near the basis, more gradually towards the tip, thus having
an almost oval outline. Wings rather large, broad towards the
basis; the auxiliary vein lies very near the first longitudinal, its
end, however, diverges from it at an obtuse angle towards the
costa, and preserves its distinctness and stoutness to the very
tip. Otherwise, the venation is not unlike that of Plntystoma,
LamprofjaHter, etc., only the small crossvein is beyond the hist
third of the discal cell, a position somewhat reminding of Vnhmia
Walk. The coloring of the body is blackish-l)lue, seldom verging
on greenish ; the front red or reddish-brown ; the lateral borders

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42

DIPTEllA OF NUIITII AMEUICA.

[rAHT III.

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with white pollen ; wings liyuiini! ; all tho four species known
to uio have erossbands, connected near tho nnterior niarfjin, thus
forming an inverted \, and with atiiird black i)and, bonlcring the
apex; moreover, near the basis of the wing there is a large
spot in the shaj)© of a band, or numerous black spots which form
a kind of network, not unlike that of Home species of I'dalophora.
This diiferenee in the picture of the wings is accompanied by-
some plastic dillerenees which, if the number of species were
larger, could 8(!rve for a subdivision in two genera. Those
species which have the large spot in the shape of a crossband
near the basis of the wings have at the same time the lateral
parts of the face very broad, while they are very narrow in the
species which have the picture in the shape of a network ; the
former have the posterior angle of the anal cell smaller, the latter
larger than a right angle, so that in the former, the angle is a
large acute one, in the latter, a small obtuse one. One of the
species from Australia in my coll'^"tiGn, belonging to the second
group, is distinguished by the v abnormal structure of the
hind tibiie of the male. Amoi. „ species already published,
besides the two described by Macquart, and mentioned al)ove as
typical, Ortalis trifasciala Doleschall, from Amboina, may like-
wise, perhaps, belong to tho getius Celelor.

Macquart, in the DijMres Exidiques, describes as Eniconeura
violacea a species distinguished by some peculiar characters,
which undoiibtedly is to be considered as the type of a distinct
genus of riahjtitomina. The name Eniconeura, or "more cor-
rectly Ilcniconeura, cannot be retained, as it has been already
used by ]Macquart himself for a genus of Bomhylidae. The genus
may be called Clitodoca. According to that author it inhabits
the East Indies ; but this statement may perhaps be erroneous,
as I have seen a fly said to be from Guinea, and in which I think
I recognize Macquart's species ; there is a slight difference in
the picture of the wing, as represented on Macquart's figure, hut
the agreement of the description is perfect, and seems fully to
justify my supposition. By all means the species is a Clitodoca.
The characters of Clitodoca may be put down as follows : head
large, almost square, with a very short longitudinal diameter;
antenna^ narrow, descending to the middle of the face; arista
with a distinct pubescence; face concave, its lateral portions very
narrow ; oral opening very large, broader than long ; clypeus nut

!*♦

'iV.fl

ORTALIDi^E — SYSTEMATIC DISTIUIJITION.

48

disciform, but repreaciititig a swelling uf the gulu, niitl lu-iicc, re-
luiiitliiig of a HJinilur stnicturu in Luxoiieura, in \viii(li it iilKs thu
greiitiT purt of the orul o|teiiiiig. Troboscis l)iit little swulU'ii ;
palpi of a nioderuto breudtli. Thorax very stoiil. Aluloiuuu
coinpiirativcly very slujrt uiid narrow, con.sisting of four scg-
meiitH. Feet long ; wings very large ; the end of the auxiliary
vein almost oblileruto ; the Heeond longitudinal vein very strongly
bisiniiuto ; the third and fourth strongly convergent towartls
their end; the posterior oroHsveiu very oblicpie ; all the basial
cells very long ; the anal cell has an acute posterior angle.

Among the sjjecles which Wiedenumn places in the genus
Ortdtis, there are three closely allied ones, which do neither be-
long in the genus Ortatin, nor in the group Orlalinn. They
have to form a separate genus in the group riah/nluudiKi, which
I will call Enoistoneura. They are: Oiialiii m<iirr>iK Fab.,
parallda Wied., and lugens Fab. ; Trmnla alh<ji-(iria Wall;.,
may be added as a fourth species, uidcss it is syinjiiynious with
0. moerens Fab., which may po.ssibly be the case. 'I'he follow-
ing characters distinguish the genus Eiiyixtoneura. They are
large flies of yellowish coloring, with a very much developed
thorax, especially broad between the roots of the wings ; its con-
vexity, however, is very small; tho abdomen is comparatively
small, of a metallic violet color. The structure of the head some-
what reminds of Dacus. The antenna) reach the middle or a little
below the middle of tho face ; the long arista is distinctly
feathery. The fovese, which reach a little below the middle
of the face, are very .sharply defined. Clypeus distinct; pro-
boscis of moderate stoutness, with a but little developed nieii-
tum; palpi rather broad. Scutelluin large, but little convex,
overlianging the metathorax more than in most of the other
genera of the Plnti/stomina ; it has six bristles. Alidonicn
rather cylindrical. Feet of moderate length and not very strong ;
the front femora on the under side, in the vicinity of the tip, with a
few bristle-like spines. Wings large, rather narrow towards the
basis, broad towards the apex; auxiliary veins of moderate
length, turning abruptly towards the costal margin, and becom-
ing almost obliterate ; the first longitudinal vein approaches
closely to the margin beyond tho end of the auxiliary vein, and
runs alongside of it as far almost as the end of the second longi-
tudinal vein ; the third longitudinal vein is strongly bent back-

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44

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

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ward, the fourth vein slightly forward, so that the first posterior
cell, very broad in the middle, is rather narrow at the end ; the
small crosHvoin is beyond the middle of the discal cell; the two
posterior basal "ells arc of a rather considerable and equal length ;
the posterior angle of the anal cell is rounded. The extensive
picture of the wings forma, in the vicinity of the apex, more or
less regular crossbands.

Tiie genus Amphicnepiies, which I have established for a
North American species, will be charaeterizod in the sequel. It
is somewhat like Plati/sloma, but distinguished by the not
swollen occii)ut, the flat scutelluin, provided with only four
bristles, the broad wings and the striiving divergency of the
longitudinal veins.

A ])relty Or/aiida from Cuba, which cannot conveniently be
placed in any of the existing genera, gave occasion for the
establishment of the genus ]Iimero*:ssa, which I will character-
ize below among the other North American genera. It is dis-
tinguished by the narrowness of the niaruiual and subnjarginal
cells; moreover, the posterior crossvciu is prolonged inside of
the first posterior cell.

Orlalix tfifiigenesise Linn, is the type of a very well justified
genus, existing in Europe, Africa, Asia, and America, which
l\ob. Desvoidy called Riveixia. Although the name is not
particularly well chosen, tlie objections against it are not serious
enough for its rejection. IJesides the species described by Kub.
Desvoidy, the following belong to the genus liivclUa: Tri/pcia
haHilariii "Wied., Dacus Kucchn^lns "Wied., C'eroxi/s quadn'fa-
8<iafa jSIacq., Orlalis Orlovda Walk., Tcpliri/inmelliginis Fitch.,
and several others. Most of them agree quite well with the spe-
cies ithieed in tlie genus liivvllia by Kob. Desvoidy; others, how-
ever, show a very gradual transition towards allied forms, which
cannot very well be united in the same genus with the typicnl
Jiivclli{i'. Thus Maequart has established for one of them the
genus Epulmma. The transitions, however, arc so gradual, that
it is not very easy to decide upon the best boundary for the
genus Riwllia. It. viridtilans K. Desv., and all the North
American species which I know of, agree in their generic chiir-
acters with Jiivellin s;/ 7} gen csi /e c.om\)]c[Q]y; the same is the case
with E. hafiilarit^ Wied., and with several Rivcllifc, from the
southeastern region of Asia, which I possess in my collection ;

,w,tl

ORTALlDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTUIUUTION.

45

the only diiTereuce sliowii by the hitter spfeies is a somewhnt
smaller length of the third autennal joint. Next to these are
some South African liioellise, for inslanec, Itiwllia utra L\v.,
which have the third antennal joint a little shorter still ; ail these
species, however, cannot be separated from Jtivcllin, as the dimi-
nution of the third antennal joint is a very gradual one, not
affording any distinct limit for a sei)aration,

Macijuart's VAnuKHMA fascipennis, from the Cape, is likewise
but very little dill'orent Irom the typical ItivcUise. The occiput
is somewhat more convex ; the third antennal joint has a some-
what sharper anterior angle, the thorax is comparatively a
little smaller, and the first section of the fourth longitudinal vein
shows but very little of the sinuosity, so characteristic of the
true Rivcllise, and which renders the anterior part of the discal
cell more narrow; at the end of the convex scutellum there are
two strong bristles: whether the second pair of bristles, which
exists in the other liivellifr, is wanting here, or whether they
were accidentally broken off in the specimen I had before me, I
am unable to decide ; I rather incline to favor the former suppo-
sition. If I am right, Epnlesma would deserve to be retained
as a separate genus ; in the opposite case, it would be better to
place Epidcs^na fascipcnnia in the genus liivellia, l)eeause then
the whole difference between them would merely consist in com-
parative characters.

Among the species from the sontheart of Asia, there are
several which are closely allied to lUvellia, but differ from tlio
typical species in the greater length and lesser breadth of the
marginal cell, a more straight third longitudinal vein, and a
hardly perceptible sinuosity of the first section of the fourth vein ;
moreover, the thorax is less strongly developed, so that their
stature shows some, although only a distant, resemlilance to the
species of Stcnopterina. They are easily distinguished by the
picture of their wings, which is very different from that of the
Rirelliae ; it consists in a conspicuoiis black border along the
costal margin and the ajiex, not iMilike that of DincrUa and
Molnnoloma, while the Rivelliiv, bosides the apex, which is mar-
gined with black, also have black crossbands. I propose for this
genus the name of Scotinosoma,

Species having the first section of the fourth longitudinal vein
straight, must, most decidedly, be eliminated from Eivellia,

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46

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part in.

Such is a group of closely related African species, which I unite
in the genus Ardelio. The lateral portions of their face are
distinctly broader than in Rivellia, the eyes not so high, and the
cheeks, for this reason, broader; the clypeus is narrower and the
thorax more strongly developed ; the convex scutollum has four
bristles, like Rivellia. They almost show more affinity to Flaty-
stoma than to Rivellia ; all the species known to rae are black,
with longitudinal lines of white dust on the thorax, and their
wings have black crossbands, between which, along the costal
margin, there are black spots or streaks. The single species
show, in the length of the third antennal joint, still more con-
siderable variations than the species of Rivellia, and it almost
seems that, in this respect, they might be divided in two sections,
one of which would be represented, as a type, by Ardelio longi-
pennis Lw., the other by A. hrevieornis Lw.

The genus Epicausta, established by me for two African spe-
cies, is less allied to Rivellia than to Slenopterina, which will
be discussed below. These species are like Slenopterina in their
stature, but are not so slender ; the head is. not unlike that of the
species of Dacus proper; the antennae are not quite as long as
in Slenopterina; the fore cox86 are much shorter, and not so
movable ; the thorax, seen from the side, is not attenuated in
front, as is the case with Slenopterina ; the scutellura has four
bristles, as in the latter genus ; the wings are conspicuously
shorter, and the last section of the fourth 'ongitudinal vein is
much more bent forward. The small crossvein is not oblirpie,
as in all Stenopferinae, but perpendicular. The picture of the
wings, in both of the species known in me, consists only in a
large black spot at the tip.

Stenopterina, a genus proposed by Mt equart in the Sirifcs d
Buffon, is well founded, as long as it is conflned to the species
of the immediate relationship of Dacus hrevieornis Fab. and
eeneiis "Wied. Unfortunately the same author, in the Dipttre^
Exotiqiies, has entirely left out of sight the characters of this
genu.'?, established by himself, and has introduced in it a number
of heterogeneous forms, and, at the same time, placed in the
genus Hcrina species which either belong to Stenopterina or
are more closely related to it than to any other genus. Ilis
Stenoptt'rinc femorata and immacnlata, both from Bourbon,
seem to belong rather to Epicausta than to Stenop)terina ;

■ J It

,!

:;i ill

ORTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

47

Stenoplerina decora Macq. is, as has been observed above, the
typical species of the genus Euchalcota; S. giyas, scutcllaris,
and nigripes of Macquart, all three from Tasmania, are certainly
no Stenoplcrinse. There would bo more ground to place in that
genus the Orlalis viuJacea of Macquart, which is probably cor-
rectly identified in the Berlin Museum with Dacus macularis
Fab. Herina mexicana Macq. also belongs to Slenopterina, and
H. calcarala Macq., although perhaps not a true Slenopterina,
is closely related to that genus. The three species described by
Walker {Lint of Dq^l. Ins.), bicolor, of unknown origin, tri-
vitlnta, from the Philippine Islands, and hamlis, from Australia,
do not seem to have anything in common with true Slenopterinse.
A true Stenoplerina is S. submetallica Lw., from Mozambique ;
and Ilerina chalyhea Doleschall, belongs probably to the same
genus.

As I will have to characterize Slenopterina in detail among
the North American g'enera of Ortalidse, it will suffice here to
indicate the principal characters. Head resembling that of
Dacus in structure ; occiput convex, but not swollen. Front of
a considerable and even breadth. Antennte long and narrow,
generally descending a little beyond the anterior edge of the
mouth, which is somewhat drawn upwards ; clypcus broad ; pro-
boscis stout. Thorax narrow; the pectus ascending obliquely
in front, so that the thorax, seen from the side, is rather con-
spicuously attenuated anteriorly. Fore coxse remarkably long,
inserted unusually near the neck and very movable in this inser-
tion. Scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen narrow ; wings
long and narrow ; little crossveiu oblique, placed beyond the
middle of the long discal cell ; the third and fourth longitudinal
veins, in the maj ^rity of the species, are somewhat bent towards
each other, so that the first posterior cell becomes narrower
towards its end. In all the species I know of, the stigma, as
well as a border between it and the apex, and the first basal cell,
up to the small crossvein, are tinged with brown ; in most spe-
cies the posterior crossvein has likewise a dark border.

The next genus to be mentioned here is the genus Misoho-
G\sTER Macq., founded upon Cephaliafemoralis'WiGd. Mischo-
gasler pernix and di^fusuf^ Gerst., belong to it. It differs from
Cephalia in the absence of a mesothoracic bristle, and in the face,
which does not project iuferiorly ; from the following genus it is

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48

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

[part III.

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(lirftinguislicd by the first abdominal segment being beset with
bristles. This character, as well as the somewiiat advanced posi-
tion of the anterior ocellus, remind of the Itichardina. The
face is rather short and somewhat excavated.

The last genus which I place among the Platyslomina forms the
transition from this group to the Cephalina, and shows a good
deal of approximation to the genus Cephalid. As the typical spe-
cies of this genus I consider Cephalia myrmecoides Loew. lie-
sides the want of a niesothoracic bristle, this genus differs from
the true Gephalise in the fact that the lirst abdominal segment is
so coarrtate in its middle that its anterior part forms a knot-
shaped swelling ; moreover, the shape of the body is still more
slender; the wings still narrower and still more cuneiform
towards the basis, so that the anal angle and the alula disappear
entirely, whereas in Cephalia, there is at least a rudiment of
them. The statements which Rob. Desvoidy makes about his
genus Myrmecomyia render it probable that the above-mentioned
species belongs to this genus. Certainty in this case is not pos-
sible, without the comparison of the species upon which Rob."
Desvoidy established the genus. Not wishing to run the risk of
introducing a useless generic name, I prefer to use the name of
Myrmecomyia for my species. The pleonastic name which the
species thus obtains, Myrmecomyia myrmecoideK, is not good,
but may be tolerated in view of the fact that nothing is more
like an ant than this dipteron.

A review of the genera which I placed among the Platysto-
mina shows that, besides the bristles upon the first longitudinal
vein, and the absence of prothoracic and mesothoracic bristles,
which define this gi'oup, these genera have the following charac-
ters in common : The oral opening is very large ; the clypeus
generally very much developed, and the proboscis proportionally
stout ; the third antennal joint is elongate ; the thoracic dorsum
bristly upon its hind part only ; the female abdomen has four
segments, as the fifth is either altogether wanting, or only rudi-
mentary and then completely hidden under the fourth segment.

Third Section: Cephalina.

I call this group after the genus which was first made known
in it. It differs from the Platystomina in the presence of a

"■.:

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■'0

OHTALIDTE — SYSTEMATIC DISTttlDlTlON.

49

nietatlioraoic bristle, from the Orluli.ia, in the tibsonce of the
prothonu'ic one. With the former it moreover n<,n'ees in tlie
larger size of the oral opening, the greater development of tlie
clypi'us and the stouter proboscis ; with the latter it has the
more or less distinct devoioj»ment of the fifth segnu nt of tlie
female abdomen in common. While some of the genera show a
very close affinity to the Platijatomina in general appearance,
others stand as near to the Ortalina, so that the CepliaUim seem
to form a transition from the; first to the second of those sections.

The genus Cephalia, introduced by Meigen, shows some
aEBuity to those genera of Flatij.slomina, the species of which are
distinguished by their slender shape, especially to the genera
Mischogaster and Myrmecomyia. It nci'essarily must be con-
fined to those species which, like the typical Cephalia rujlpes
Meig., have a raesothoracic bristle. The species added later to
it, although in their general shape and their coloring they more
or less resemble the true t'ephatiae, do not show the necessary
agreement with them in those characters which are the most
trustworthy in the estal)lisliment of the genera of Ortalidse. They
belong in the group Plalydombia and princii)ally in tho gcnns
Mischogasler, in part also in the genus Myrmecomyia. The
geuus Cephalia, in this narrower sense, does not contain as yet
any American species. As, for this reason, I will have no occa-
sion to refer to it again, I will characterize it here : —

Body slender, abdomen narrow at the basis, its first segment
without any knot-shaped swelling ; feet rather long and slender.
Hairs on the bod^ d.xtremely short ; thorax with a few small
hristles on the lateral and the posterior portions only ; the bristles
before the scutelluni and its own lateral bristles are very short.

Antennae long and slender; their second joint short. Face
shield-like, convex, without antennal foveue.

Palpi very broad ; proboscis rather stout and mentum some-
what swollen.

Wings attenuated towards the basis in the shape of a wedge,
with a very narrow alula; the second longitudinal vein hardly
sinuose at all; the third and fourth longitudinal veins normal in
their course; the anterior basal cell of e^ual breadth; the first
longitudinal vein bristly towards its er.d only; the crossveins
rather distant from each other ; the pic .ure of the wings usually

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60

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part 111,

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consists of an infuscatiou of the stigma and of a black spot on
the apex.

Gcphalia is immediately connected with a genus embracing
Trypcta Jli'xa Wied. and the genera related to the latter. As
this genus does not coincide with any one of the hitherto adopted
genera, it must receive a new name. I call it Thitoxa, the name
alluding to the peculiar pictur" of the wings. The Tritnxpe
differ from the Ccphaliae in the presence of a strong bristle before
the end of the fore tibiae, on their upper side, and in the presence
of a weak indication of antennal fovese, especially, however, in
the fact that the third and fourth longitudinal veins have nii
irregular course, in consequence of which the anterior basal cell
is expanded befo'e its end ; moreover also in the first longitudinal
vein being, to a great extent, covered with bristles and in tlie
approximation of both crossveins to each other. The wings have
a dark coloring and the picture consists of three oblique, more
or K '3 arcuated, hyaline crossbands. The other characters the
genus Tritoxa shares with the genus Cephalia.

A-fter Tritoxa Camptoneura naturally follows. The typical
species is the well-known North American species, described by
Fabricius as Mnsca picta, and afterwards erroneously placed by
Wiedemann in the genus Tn/peta. Rob. Desvoidy was the first
to found a new genus for it, which he called Delphinia; Maequiut
established later for the same species the genus Camptoneura,
which thus coincides with DcljMyiia. As the name Delphinia
cannot be retained for reasons of priority, Macquart's name must
be adopted. Camjdoneura differs from Tritoxa in a striking
manner in the structure of the wings; they are broad, and show,
on the costal margin, near the end of the auxiliary vein, a shallow,
but very striking excision; the third longitudinal vein is very
remarkably sinuate, and the anal cell rounded at the end. The
picture of the wings has a distant resemblance to that of the
species of Aciura.

The other genera of Cephalina which I know of cont.iin
species of a less slender stature than the three genera which I
have just examined.

Among them the genus Piara, founded by me for an African
species, is remarkable for its close relationship to the Platyi-to-
mina. It may be characterized as follows : —

'M:

i

ORTALt')i«: — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

51

Body rather robust, the bristles upon the vertex, upon the
posterior part of the thorax and upon the seutelium long.

AntenniB of medium length; tiie anterior corner of the third
i^oint acute; arista feathery. Face excavated above, and with a
projecting bump below.

Oral opening broader than long ; proboscis very stout.

Wings rather broad; longitudinal veins diverging; the first,
third, and fifth besot with bristles; postcrio'- angle of the anal
cell not acute; the picture of the wings is not unlike that pre-
vailing in the genus Aciura.

Rather closely related to Piara is the genus Trapiiera, which
I propose to establish with Ortalis chabjbea "Wied. for its type.
It also stands very near the Platystomina and may easily be con-
sidered as one of them, as the mcsothoracic bristle is but very
little conspicuous and the fifth segment of the female abdt men is
also very mnch abbreviated. The principal differences between
Traphera and Piara lie in the structure of the head and of the
wings. The head of Traphera is not unlike that of Platystoma,
but the lower part of the occiput is but very little turgid; the
vertical diameter of the eyes is very long, the horizontal, on the
contrary, very short; the first two anteiinal joints are short ; the
third jointedoval; the arista feathery; the face is descending
obliquely, excavated under the antennae, convex below; the
clypeus is very much developed, its vertical diameter rather large,
the horizontal one small; proboscis very much incrassated.
Thorax stout and convex: its dorsum is provided with bristles
0 ily on the sides and posteriorly. Scutellum generally with
ei^ht bristles. Wings comparatively short and broad, with
b istly hairs on their anterior margin ; the whole of the first
h igitudinal vein is strongly bristly and shows, in the vicinity of
the somewhat obliterate end of the auxiliary vein, a peculiar
break; the basal half of the third longitudinal vein is beset with
bristles; the posterior crossvcin is oblique, so that the posterior
angle of the discal cell is very acute; the anal cell is rounded at
the end and its posterior angle withdrawn in a peculiar manner.
The wings are of a dark color, marked with pale bands starting
from the posterior margin and abbreviated in front.

While both of these genera are very near the Plafijsfomina, the
two which we have yet to mention approach the Ortalina. They
are: Diacf't^a, introduced by Gerstaecker, and a genus to be

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52

DIPTERA OP NOllTri AMKIIU-'A.

[r.uiT III.

adoptctl for Ortalis marfjinata Say, for which 1 (iroposu the uamu
of Idana.

Diacrita ia easily distinguished from Idana liy the shape of
the posterior angle of the anal ci-li, which is drawn out in a vtiy
long lobe, and by the picture uf the wings, which consists only
in a very broad dark border, extending to the very apex of tlie
wing. The more extended picture on the wings of Idana is nut
unlike that of Pteropoicila and the posterior end of its anal cell
forms only a short angle. As both genera contain North Anicricun
tpecies, 1 will have occasion to refer to them again more iu detail.

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Fourth Section: Ortalina.

The Ortalina have a prothoracic, as well as a nicsothoracic
bristle, while among the Cephalina, the former, among the I'lu-
tystomina, both are wanting. The Ortalina are also distinguished
from the two above-named groups by a smaller oral opening, a
less developed clypeus, a less stout proboscis, a less turgiil
mentum and smaller palpi. In seveual genera, moreover, the
thoracic dorsum is beset with bristles as ^ir as its anterior
portion. The abdomen of the female has five segments, which
brings this group nearer to the Cephalina than to the Platijdo-
mina.

The geographical distribution of the Ortalina is, as far as
known, confined exclusively to America ant' to Europe, with
those parts of Asia which belong to the faunal province of the
latter. Very striking is the great agreement between the
European and North American forms of this group. As the
knowledge of the latter is still very fragmentary, the generic
distribution of the probably numerous species which may be
discovered yet would offer great difliculties, or lead into error,
unless based upon the knowledge of the European genera. I
will give here, for this reason, a review of all the European
genera adopted at present. Besides these, however, to the
Ortalina must be reckoned the genus Apospasmica, which I
propose to establish for the South American Ortalis fasciata
Wied. and the genus Automola, which I have adopted above for
Ortalis trifasciata Wied. and atomaria Wied.

The European genera of Ortalina are the following:—

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ORTALID^K — SYSTEMATIC DlSTlliULTION.

68

'^^

1. PORYCEHA Mt'\g.

i'haracl. — Kyes round ; cheeks very broad ; face very much projecting it
proiile ; iiifiriorly it in very strongly retreating, uariuate.

The hairs ou tlie body liave the ordinary leiigtl», or a little over
the ordinary ; thoracic dorsum bristly on its Itind portion only.

Antennse projecting, eitlier of ordinary breadth and mediuro
length, with tiie third joint oval; or narrow and elongate, with aa
elongate third joint.

The first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only.

Thlt} gonus coiitiiins gray species, their faces with dark spots,
and with well-marked black stripes upon the tiiorax ; tiie wings
are either without any picture, or it consists of blackish-gray
longitudinal lines, which are more confluent towards the apex, and
even, in the male of one species, form a large, black spot.

The genus may be divided into two sections, which it will be
necessary, when the number of species grows larger, to separate
as genera.

Sect. 1. {Dorycera, sensu strict.) Antcnnaj narrow and very-
much prolonged ; the pilosity of the body is of au ordinary-
length.

Typical species: graminum Fab.

Sect. 2. {Percnomalia Lw.) Antennae of ordinary breadth
and of medium length ; pilosity of the body longer than usual.

Typical species : inornala Lw.

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2. Tetaxops Fall.

Cliaract. — Eyes roun led-ovate ; cheeks broad. Face in the profile very
much projecting, more or less retreating inferiorly.

The hairs upon tlie whole body extremely short; the middle of
the thoracic dorsum bristly on its hind part only; the prothcracio
bristles are suiriUer than in all the other genera of Ortalina.

Antennse short, often strikingly short; their third joint oval;
somewhat longer than the second.

Tl;<j firs* longitudinal ve4n is bristly at its end only.

TI s genus contains remarkably glabrous species; there are no
thoracic stripes; the first segment of the ovipositor is compara-
tively large; there is no picture on the wings at all, or it consists
only in narrow borders along the crossveins, or in more or less
faded spots at the end of the longitudinal veins, thus resembling
the picture of Coroxys.

Typical species : myopina Fall.

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54

Dll'TKUA OV NOllTU AMEUIOA.

[PAttT III.

3. CORMUCAUIS Lv\r.

Characl, — Eyes round ; uheeks very broad ; face in the profile strongly
projeotiug, very luuch retreating iuferiurly, not oariuate.

Hairs on the body couiparatively long ; thorauio dorsum hairy
and bristly as far as its anterior portion.

Antennae short ; the rounded oval third Joint hardly as long as
the second.

First longitudinal vein bristly at its end only.

Gray species, the abdomen anil thorax of which are without any
picture, and the wings dusky and somewhat spotted along the an-
terior margin.

Typical species : bucephala Mcig.

u

4. Pterop(Ecila Lw.

Charact. — Eyes small, rounded oval ; cheeks broad ; front very much pro-
jecting.

Hairs on the body of the usual length ; the middle of the thorax
bristly on its hind portion only.

The rounded third joint of the antennae short ; the second like-
wise short.

The first longitudinal vein is hairy upon its whole length.

The coloring of the body is gray; the picture of the wings is i. )t
unlike that of Idana marrjinata Say.
Typical species: lamed Schrk.

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5. Ptilonota Lw.

Churact. — Eyes elongated oval ; front but little projecting.

Thorax bristly upon its middle, as far as its anterior portion.
The third antennal joint rounded oval ; the second shorter.
The first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only.

Cinereous-gray species, the thorax of which is marked with
four somewhat darker longitudinal lines; the picture ol" the wings
consists of large blackish spots ; in several species these spots are
so much confluent that the picture of the wings can almost be
called guttate.

Typical species : centralis Fab.

6. Ortalis Fall.

Charact. — Eyes rather large, elongate oval ; front only moderately pro-
jecting.

ORTALIDiG — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

55

Hairs on the body of the URual length ; the middle of the thoracio
doraum bristly on its hind portion only.

The rounded third auteunal Joint short, the Beoond of the saiue
leugtii with it.

Both crossveins not more approximate than usual; the first
longitudinal vein bristly ut its end only.

The genus Ortalis contains species above the averajfe size,
some of them rather large; the abdomen is banded with pray ;
the thorax strongly poUinoae, in most species with conspicuous
black, iu some, with gray longitudinal stripes, in a few, without
any stripes. The wings are more or less spotted.

Typical species : rujicepa i'ub.

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1. Systata Lw.

Charact.—Eyea rather large, elongate oval ; front only little projecting.

The hairs on the body as usual ; the middle of the thoracio
dorsum with bristles upon its hind portion only.

Tlie rounded third antennal joint is short ; the second of equal
length with it.

The two crossveins are very closely approximated ; the first longi-
tudinal vein bristly at its end only.

The species of this genus differ from those of Ortalis in the
very close proximity of the crossveins, but agroe with them in the
remainder of the organization. The picture of the wings con-
sists in bands.

Typical species : rivularis Fab.

8. LOXODESMA Lw.

Charact. — Eyes large, elongate; front but little projecting; face rather
strongly carinate ; cheeks narrower than in most other genera.

Hairs on the body as usual ; thoracic dorsum with bristles upon
its hind part only.

Third joint of the antennse more or less prolonged, rounded at the
tip; the second much shorter.

Both crossveins very much approximated; the first longitudinal
vein bristly at its end only.

The species belonging here remind of the Systatse in the strik-
ing proximity of the crossveins, differ however in other respects
very much from them, and that in the same way as the species
of Pferopaectria differ from Ortalis. The relation of Lo.rodesma
to Pteropaectria, which is by far the most closely allied genus to

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66

DIPTEIIA OP NORTH AMKRICA.

[PAUT III.

it, is exactly tlio same an tliat <»f Si/flala to Ortaliti. 'I'lic culdr-
jjig atnl tilt' pit'tiire of liii; wiiij^.s n'somhlc llmso of liio lirst isei-tidii
ot Plfntpo'.iiria, only tlinolirtcure borders of lliecroHsvoiiis iMialcsti'
ruorc or less, on account of their proximity, into u sinijle cro.ss-
bunil.

Typical species: lacuxlris Moig.

9. I'TKllOP.ECTUIA Lw.

Charait. — Kyes large, «loiignte ; front but very little projecting, face rather
Blrouijly carinati) ; cheeks narrower than in most other genera.

Hairs on the ttody of the usual length ; tlie middle of tlie thoracic
dorsum bristly ou its posterior portion only.

Tiiird antt'nnal joint more or less elongate, rounded at the end;
the second very much shorter.

The crossvt'iiis are at the usual distance from each other; the
first longitudinal vein has bristles upon its end only.

Tliis genus contains small, shining black species, the thorax of
which shows only a faint trace of pollen. The picture of the
wings generally consists in the dark color of the costal and sub-
costal cells, a more or less distinct black border of the crossveins
and a black spot on tho costa, lying a little before the apex, or
upon it; in S(jnio si)ecies, however, this picture expands into four
crossbands which are connected, two and two, near the costa.

The genus is divided into two sections, which may even be
considered as separate genera. They are easily distinguished by
th • picture of the wings, which is in keeping with a corres-
ponding dilTerenco in the rest of the organization.

Sect. 1. (Plcropffctria, sensu strict.) with spotted, or incom-
pletely banded, wings.

Tyjiical s]>ocies : pohiiift'is Meig.

Sect. 2. {ThryophiJa Lw.); bunds on the wings complete.

Typical species: frondescenliae Liu.

10. Tepfiroxota Lw.

Charact. — Third antennal Joint, althongli not excised on the upper side,
still with a sharp anterior corner.

Thoracic dorsum, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the
region of the suture.

First longitudinal vein bristly upon its end only; the fourth not
bent forward ; the posterior angle of the aual cell not prolonged in
a lobe.

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ORTALIDiK — SVSTKMATIC DISTUinLTloN.

f.7

Ti'phrnnola bt-giiis the sorit's of those f^oiicra, tlie tliinl aiitt'iiiiMl
joint of which is not ruiiiidcil at tliu ti|), but ends above in a sharp
corner. It contains small species which, in the shape of their
hotly, ami cs|)ecially in the slruclure of the head, remind of the
I'li-roiitectriic very much. IJuc they can always be disliiijiMii>hrd
1)}' their thora.x, which is thickly covered with a gray pollen, even
sliniild the third antennal joint, in drying, have hjst the sharpness
of its upper corner. Tin; picture of the wing.s consists either of
complete crossbands, or of spots and half-bands, or even of spots
only.

Typical species : (jijrana Lw.

11. Ceroxys Macq.

Churact, — Third antonnal joint distinctly excised on its npp^r aide.

Tliorax upuu its middle beset with brititles a^ fur as its anterior
portiou.

First loiigitadinal vein bristly upon its end only; fourth Inniii-
tudinal vein not bent forward; the posterior anj^le of the anal cell
not drawn out in a lobe.

Yellowish-gray or cinereous-gray species, vith a thora.x with-
out stripes, and with wings having large dark spots; the arista
is alvTnys distinctly pubescent.

Typical species: crassipennis Fab.

12. IIVPOCIIRA Lw.

Charact.— Third antennal joint distinctly excised on its upper ai(^<».

Thorax, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the region of the
RUtnre.

First longitudinal vein with hristles upon its end only; fourth
longitudinal vein not bent forward ; po.sterior angle of the anal cell
not drawn ont in a lobe.

Small, grayish-white species, with a very limited picture f.f
tlie wings, generally consisting of a very narrow border of the
cro<;sveins.

Typical species : albipennis Lw.

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13. Anacampta liW.

C/lamc^— Third antennal Joint distinctly excised upon '♦« upper side.

Thorax, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the region of tha
suture.

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58

DIPTKHA OF NOHTII AMERICA.

[I'ART III.

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First longitudinal vein bristly upon its end only; fourth longi-
tudinal vein beut forwurd tuwurdii itd end; posterior angle of the
anal cell not drawn out in a lube.

Rather robust specie" having the thorax pollinose with pray,
without stripes oi with weak ones, a blacli, shining abdomen,
geuerally with gray bands, and wings which have blacli cros^s-
bands, or spots almost forming such crossbauds.

Typical species: urtiae Liu.

14. IIOLODASIA Lw.

Charact. — Third antennal joint distinctly excised on its tipper side.

Thorax without bristles upon its middle, in front of the region
of tiie suture.

First longitudinal vein bristly upon its whole lengtli ; fourth
longitudinal vein curved forward at the end; posterior angle of the
anal cell not drawn out in a point.

Ilolodasia differs from Anacampta (which it otherwise re-
sembles very much) in the fact that the first longitudinal vein is
bristly upuu its whole extent, and not upon its end only. In this
it agrees with Fleropcecila, from which it difl'ers in the not pro-
jecting front, longer antenna;, the third joint of which is excised
upon its upper side and pointed at the tip and in tht fourth longi-
tudinal vein being curved forward.

Typical species: fraudulusa Lw.

Fifth Section : Pterocallina.

At the beginning of the chapter on the Systematic Distribution
of the OrtalidiB, I have pointed out Scatojihaga fanciata as the
species of tliis group known for the longest time and which may
be considered as typical. It was described under that name by
Fabricius in the Systema Antliatorum, was transferred by Meigen
to the genus Ti'ypeta and by Kobineau Desvoidy to his new
genus Myennis. It is very probably the same fly which was
described by Coquebert in his Iconographia, Dee. Ill, under tlie
name of 3Iusra octopunctata, although it has nothing of the
pKiure of the thorax shown in Coquebert's figure and which gave
rise to the specific name. Although the publication of Coque-
bert's name is probably a little anterior to that of Fabricius, the
choice of this name, based upon a non-existing character, as well
as the nature of the entomologic.d correspondence, wliich existed

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ORTALID^H — SYSTKMATIU DlSTltl HUTIUN.

59

botweeii both authors, forbid us from giving CoqutbtTl's uuiue
tbe priority over Fabricius's.

At the same place I have also observed how very di.stinct a
species Myennis fasciata is, with its Trypeta-Wkc stature, its
low head and especially the very large distance between the ends
of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal vein; the latter
character especially is quite peculiar among the OvtaUdae with
a bristly first longitudinal vein.

Among the Ortalidse hitherto described, the following species,
as far as known to me, show a sufficient agreement, in vheir
characters, with Myennis fasciata to be considered as belonging
to the same circle of relationship: Trypeta ocellata W'od., from
the environs of Bahia, Brazil; Ortalis obscura Wied., from
Brazil, Ortalis vau Say, and Flalyfitoma annulipes Macq., the
two last from the United States. Tlie numerous characters which
all these species share with Myennis fasciata, besides the already
mentioned peculiarities belonging to this species in particular,
aie: 1, the unmetallic coloring of the body; 2, the comparatively
low, but rather broad head ; 3, the broad front ; 4, the rounded,
more or less protruding eyes ; 5, the round, or very short rounded-
oval shape of the tl . d antennal joint ; G, the shortness of the more
or less concave face; 7, the small development of the clypeus ; 8,
the comparatively large development of the chest; 9, the protho-
racic bristle, represented by a very small hair only ; 10, the middle
of the thorax, which is beset with bristles upon its hind part only;
11, the convex scutellum, provided with four bristles; 12, the very
much abbreviated fifth segment of the female abdomen, which is
very often quite withdrawn under the preceding segment; 13, the
posterior angle of the anal cell, which is drawn out in a point, or
ev«'n in a lobe.

Altlioiigh the agreement in so many characters affords a dis-
tinct proof of the close relationship of these species, each of them
sli'/ws at the ^aine time plastic differences of such an importance,
that one might be tempted to estal)Iish a separate genus for
almost i'/ierY one of them. These differences principally consist
ill the different shape of t!ie wings, and in the diff«'ront course
of their veins, while the rest of the organization shows a re-
markable agreement.

In the shape of the wings two remarkable modifications are
worthy of notice, and may serve at some future time for a l'urih<^r
subdivision of this group.

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60

DIPTKRA OF NOllTII AMERICA.

[part III.

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The wings of Tnjpeta oecllata and obscura differ fruni tlie
usual shape of tlie wiiifrs of the Ortalidae by their uarrowiiess,
the parallelism of their anterior and posterior margins, their
broad and rounded ai)e.x and their comparatively great length.
Mat'cpiart placed the lirsl, of these species in the genus riafy-
stoma, and the second, still more oddly, in the genus Campto-
neura. llondani has had a better eye for the plastic peculiari-
ties of Trypela ocellata and established the genus Pterocalla
for it. I have derived the name of the pi'esent group from this
well-founded genus of Rondani's, and not after Rob. Desvoidy's
Mijennis, established for Scatophaga fanciata, because the latter
name, although much earlier in date, is a senseless malformation.

2'rypt'ta obacura is, as Wiedemann has correctly observed in
its description, a near relative of Pterocalla ocellata. As what
occupies us now is the systematic location of only a small num-
ber of species, we can, without any hesitation, unite both of those
species in the same genus, although the venation of T. obscura
dillers from that of Pterocalla ocellata in the second longitudinal
vein being more arcuate than undulated, and in the fourth lon-
gitudinal vein being distinctly curved forward.

A small Isorth American species, which will be described
below, stands close enough to those two species in the .shape of
its wings and its venation to be placed i.. the same genus. It
differs however in the second, third, and fourth longitudinal
veins being quite straight, and neither wavy nor arcuate.

A most striking resemblance to this Pterocalla drigula is ex-
hibited i)y Trypeta ulula, a South African species, described I'y
nie (Jlerl. Entoni. Zeitschr.) after an incomplete specimen, witli-
out head. Already in describing this species, I drew attentinn
to the fact that it differs from the ordinary venation of the Trij-
petina in the great distance intervening Letween the tips of the
auxiliary and of the first longitudinal veins. I do not doulit
now that this species is a Pterocalla, and that I would have
recognized this earlier if I had had a complete .'specimen before
me. Roth species agree very well in all their plastic characters,
esjiecially in the sha|)e of the wings and in the venation; tlie
only difference which I notice in P. ulula is the position of tlie
posterior crossvein, which is much steelier.

The genus P/erocalla, as I deline it here, thus embrace.'^ a'l
those Plerocallina which, in the outline of their wings, reseuiblf

ORTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION,

61

Pterocalla ocellata, so that this outline must be coiisidoretl as
the principal diagnostic character of this genus.

Among the numerous undescribed Plerocallina, which I have
seen, I know of no one which may be placed in the genus Ptero-
calla, although several of them agree with the species of this
gonus in some one point pertaining to the venation. But none
of those species has the wings of that peculiar shape which
characterizes Pterocalla ; on the contrary, the outline of tho
wings of all these species does not, in any marked degree, dilfcr
froin that of the ordinary Ortalidse. Like the sjiecies enumerated
atxne, they have this peculiarity, that eacu species, although
agreeing with the others in the characters belonging to the
group, at the same time shows such important plastic ditferences,
tiiat the establishment of a series of new genera becomes indis-
pensable. I regret not to be able to enter here into the detail
of this subject, as, without plates, it is impossible to define those
genera sufficiently. Thus much only will I mention, that among
them there is a species which has the posterior angle of the anal
cell rounded. The generic distribution of the North American
species, which will be described below, does not, fortunately,
require these South American forms to be taken into considera-
tion.

Among the North American Pterocallina, Ortalis van Say
is the nearest to Mycnnis faaciata Fab. The venation, however,
is different enough to prevent us from placing them in the same
genus. The two crossvcins in O. vau are less approximated, and
' " anterior end of the posterior one is further from the basis of the
wing than the posterior end, while in Myennis fasciata the con-
trary is the case, so that the posterior crossvein of this species has
a different position. Moreover, the fir.st segment of the ovipositor
of the female of Ortalis vau has not the conically attenuated
shape which it has in Mi/ennis fasciata and in many Tnipctina;
it is broader, somewhat attenuated from its middle only, like the
ovipositor of the majority of the Ortnliijpe.. T consider, therefore,
Ortalis vau as the type of a new genus, which I call Stictoce-

PHALA.

To Sticfocpphala van mnst be nddod a second North American
•pedes, which I received from Baron Osten Sacken, under the
namo of Tiphritin rorfinnlis Fitch in litt., and which will be de-
scribed by me UDder the same name. The venation resembles

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62

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part hi.

that of S. vau so closely that I have no hesitation in placing it
in the same genus.

There are two other North American species which I take to
be undoscribod, and which also belong to Stictocephala. As
their wings are not pictured like those of the two preceding spe-
cies, but simply banded, the difference between them seems, at
first glance, to be greater than it really is. A close examination
does not disclose any plastic difference which would justify their
generic separation from Stictocephala. I will describe them as
Stictocephala cribrum and cribellum.

The North American species described by Macquart as Platy-
stoma annidipes shows, in the detail of its structure, an almost
complete agreement with the species of Stictocephala, but differs
so much in the outline of the wings and still more in the vena-
tion, that it cannot be placed in that genus. The difference in
the outline of the wings consists in the fact that the posterior
margin is more convex, and hence, the wings are broader ; the
difference in the venation appears in the posterior angle of the
anal cell being drawn out in a very long lobe, and in the position
of the posterior crossvein, the anterior end of which is much
nearer to the apex of the wMng than the posterior end. As this
species does not find a convenient place in any of the existing
genera, I am compelled to establish a new one for it, which I call
Callopistria.

This would close the series of the few genera of Pterocallinci,
hitherto sufficiently defined, if we had not to advert to the genus
PsAiROPTERA Wahlb., occurring in northern and central Europe,
as well as in northern Asia, a genus for which it is not easy to
find an appropriate place in the system. The species of this
genus resemble the Ulidina in their general appearance, and I
would not have hesitated to place them in that section, if their
third longitudinal vein was not distinctly beset with hairs. I
acknowledge that their location among the Ulidina is more
natural than among the Plcrocallina. Nevertheless, I place
the genus among the latter and thus put a greater stress upon
the artificial character, derived from the pilosity of the third
vein, than upon more close and natural affinities, but which are
more difficult to explain in words. If I do this, it is because T
hold that a strict adherence to those characters, by moans of
which I have tried to introduce into the systematic chaos of the

ORTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

63

Ortaliilie a satisfactory distribution in groups, is more apt to
insure the recognition within these groups of available genera,
than if we should attempt to avail ourselves of afiBnities, which,
although visible to the eye, do not admit of exact definitions.

Paairoptera finds a fitting location at the end of the Pterch
callina, so as to be immediately followed by the Ulidina. The
principal differences from the above-mentioned genera of Ptero-
callina consist in the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is
more or less a sharp right angle, and in the much smaller dis-
tance between the end of the auxiliary vein and that of the first
longitudinal. The shape of the head likewise shows not unim-
portant differences from tha other genera of the group, and some
of the species of Psairoptera have, moreover, the last antennal
joint of a more elliptical shape.

In enumerating the most characteristic distinctive marks of
the Plerocallina, we cannot, for the above stated reasons, lay
the same stress upon Psairoptera as upon the other genera of
this group. These characters may be summed up as follows : —

Habitus Trypeta-WkQ ; coloring non-metallic ; head rather
broad, but low, with rather protuberant eyes ; face short, per-
pendicular, excavated in the middle ; clypeus but little de-
veloped ; third antennal joint round or rounded ovate ; thoracic
dorsum bristly upon its posterior part only ; third longitudinal
vein hairy ; and above all, as the most important character, the
unusually large distance between the end of the first longitudinal
and that of the auxiliary veins.

For the Plerocallina from North America, hitherto known,
we can add to the above-enumerated characters the posterior
angle of the anal cell, which is drawn out in a long lobe.

;\0 vi-',

.1-

■t

SECOND DIVISION.

Ortalit>.e having the First Longitudinal Vein Bare,

The European genera belonging here are : Seoptera Kirby,
TiMiA Wied., Ulidia Meig., Chrysomyza Fall., with which
Chloria Schin. is coincident, and Empyelocera Lw. They are
allied enough to each other to be united in the same gi-oup.

A type, very different from the preceding genera, appears in
the genus Richardia Rob. Desv., which seems to be rather

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64

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'ART III.

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abundantly rci)rosented in America and likewi.se helong.s to tliis
division. A whole series of related genera, peculiar to Anierica,
niiiy Ije classed witb liichardia: like the latter, they are all
distinguished by armed femora.

This is the reason wiiy, in a former publication, I separated
the whole second division of the Orlalina in two groups, the one
with unarmed, the other with armed femora; the first I called
Uliiliiia, the second ItichanUna; and in the Berlin Entom. Zeil'
Hchrifl, Vol. XI, I described the American UUdina which, at
the time, were known to me. Now, however, that I have become
acquainted with a larger number of forni.s belonging in this
division, I incline to think that its sej)aration in the groups
UUdina and Richardina becomes more natural, if, ns a distin-
guishing character of these groups, we nssume, not the armed or
unarmed femora, but the shai)e of the anal cell. All the genera
having the posterior angle of the anal cell more or less pointed
belong to the UUdina; those genera, on the contrary, where this
is not the case are to be placed with the Richardina. This
modification does not much alter the distribution of the genera
among these two groups, as all the genera with armed femora, at
present known, will, in the new distribution, be likewise referred
to the Richardina. Among the genera which, in the above-
quoted publication, I placed with the UUdina, Epiplalca alone
will have to be transferred among the Richardina. Among the
genera of Richardina, enumerated below, Steneretma, according
to the former mode of subdivision, would have belonged to the
UUdina, and thus would not have been placed near Idiotypa,
which is closely allied to it. With the former mode of distribu-
tion, the position of the new genus Coniceps, based upon a North
American species, would have been a somewhat doubtful one, as
the under side of its hind femora bears a few stronger hairs, but
can hardly be called armed.

First SccUon: UUdina.

The five genera of UUdina represented in Europe, and
enumerated in the preceding paragraph, are not confined to this
part of the world. The European Seoptera vihrans also occurs
in the adjoining provinces of Asia, and is represented in America
by a species most closely resembling it. European species of

OUTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION,

65

TiMiA, Empykldceha, and Ulidia occur in Asia togctlier with
otlitT sitocies, peculiar to tliat part of tlio world. I'iiuysomy/a
demandata liliewise ranges over a considerable part of Asia and
Africa ; both couutries contain besides spec'ies of this genus
peculiar to thorn.

The South American Ulidia stigma Wiedeuiann and the
Brazilian Ulidia bipunclala Alacq. are not Clidise at all,
although they probably belong to the group Ulidina, the Drst to
the genus Notorjramma, the last to Euxesta. Ulidia mdallica
Bigot, from Cuba, is perhaps a Chrysoviyza; as to the Ulidia
fuhnfrons Bigot, from the same locality, it is impossible, from
Bigot's description, to come to any conclusions about its place in
the system.

America seems in general to be very rich in forms belonging
to the Ulidina. For the species which came within my knowl-
edge I have established the genera: DasymetoI'A, Okuui'A,

XOTOOUAMMA, EuPIIARA, ACROSTICTA, EUXKSTA, ClI^dlTOl'SlH,

IIypoecta and Stenomyia.

The species descril)cd ])y former authors, which belong in the
circle of tlie above-mentionod genera, are to be found in Wiede-
mann partly in the genus Orlalis, partly in Ulidia. In Macquart,
as far as I can ascertain, thev are scattered among the Ulidise
or even in Cero.rys and Urojihora, which shows, on that author's
part, an utter neglect of their plastic characters. The genus
E^jmetopia established by Macquart in his family Psilomydee,
does not belong to it, but to the Ulidina.

It is not doubtful at all that Asia and Africa, l)csides the
genera which they have in common with Europe, harbor some
genera of Ulidina which are peculiar to them. Gorgopis
Gerstfficker, described by Doleschall, some time previously, under
the inappropriate name of Zygaenula, probably l)elongs to this
group. It differs, it is true, from all the known Ulidina very
much ; still the structure of the head in Oedopa may be indicative
of an aflinity.

Unfortunately I cannot give any further information concern-
ing other exotic Ulidina of the old world, as I have none in my
possession. The existing descriptions of a number of Orialidse
which may possibly belong to the group Ulidina, ai'e not accurate
iiifiiigh to admit of any positive conclusions.

I have not met with any Ulidina from Oceanica yet.
5

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60

DIPTERA OF NOIITII AMERICA.

Second Section: Itichardina.

[part hi.

' Among all the genera of thi.s group, Richardia Rob. Di'^^v.,
distinguished by its posterior femora, armed with opines, is the
best and longest known. Tliis oireunistance indueed nie to
derive the name of the seetion from it. It seems to Ijc exclusivt ly
Ameriean; the Iiicha?'diaJlavilarsis'Maci{., from tlie Marqll^^ils
Islands, docs not belong to this genus, and if the manner in wiiicli
the auxiliary vein is represented upon ]Mae(iuart's figure 1)c only
of average correctness, we may even infer that it docs not belong
to the Itichardina at all. The other species which Macquarf,
Kondani and Gersta;cker have added to the genus Richardia arc
all natives of America. The two males of Richardia descrilicd
by Gersta)cker are distinguished by the dilatation of their hciul,
somewhat in the manner of J(7</cr.s- ; their females are not known
yet; still the analogy of Achias and of other genera, having a
similar structure of the head, justifies us in suj)posing that their
heads do not show any extraordinary dilatation.

The fly of unknown habitat which Macquart described as
ODOtiTOUERA fc7-ruginea UJidoubtcdly l)eloiigs in the inimediiite
affinity of Richardia. As I have never seen it, my knowledge
of it is based exclusively upon 31 r. Macquart's statements.
These, however, are entirely sufficient to prove that the fly
belongs in the family Ortalidie, and not in the IVypetidse, where
Macquart places it. That it belongs to the Richardina I infer
from the evidently very close relationship which exists between
it and the Sepsis Guerinii Bigot from Cuba. The generic name
must be changed, on account of the already existing Odontomcrm
Gravenh.

This Sepsis Guerinii agrees in so many characters with Odon-
tomera ferruginea ]\Iacq. that one might be tempted to place it
in the genus Odontoviera. Should Macquart's statements, how-
ever, be correct, this would not be admissible, as Odoniomera
P'rruginea possesses not only much stouter femora and a much
more projecting front, but also an auxiliary vein which is much
less approximated to the first longitudinal than in Sepsis
Gvcrinii. We are compelled, therefore, to consider Scp.^is
Gvcrinii as a separate genus of the Richardina, which we will
call Stenomacra.

We have, in the next place, to mention the genus Setellia.

OUTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

67

It was founded by Rob. Dosvoidy, and Setellia otra Rob. Posv.
must b« considered as its type. 1 liave nut seen this species, and,
unfortunately, the statements of Rob. Desvoidy arc not sufficient
to enable me to decide whether HctcUia atra belongs to the
Richardina or to the Cejihalina. In the same way, I am uiiablo
to decide whether the Brazilian species, subsequently described
by Macquart as Setellia aju'calis really belongs in the same genus
with Setellia atra. As Rob. Desvoidy does not allude at all to
the femora of his species being spinous, while Macquart's species
is remarkable for all its femora being armed in a rather striking
manner, it becomes exceedingly doubtful whether Macfpiart's
species is a Setellia in the sense of Rob. Desvoidy's.

I do not know of any species more related to Setellia aptcnlis
Macq. than that species from Colombia, South America, which
Gerstaicker described under the name of 3fi<:hogafiter egreriius.
As its flrst longitudinal vein is bare and its femora are armed,
it cannot possibly remain connected with the true species of
Mischogaster, but must be considered as the type of a se))aratc
genus of Itichardir. . for which I propose the name of Euoi,ena.

To place Setellia apicalis in the genus Euolena is not possi-
ble ; it has no stump of a vein upon the second longitudinal vein
inside of the submarginal cell, a character distinguishing Evolena
ecjregia; its third and fourth longitudinal veins converge more
distinctly towards their end, and the posterior angle of the anal
cell is not rounded. Setellia apicalis will also have to be con-
sidered as the type of a separate genus, which may be called
Syntaces. In the supposition that the first longitudinal vein of
Syntaces apicalis, like that of its relative Euolena egregia, is
bare, I think that the best location for this genus is among the
lUchardina. It is true that the posterior angle of the anal cell,
in Macquart's figure, is almost acute; in the generic diagnosis,
however, he calls the anal cell : "torminee carrement," so that the
shape of this cell cannot ])e an obstacle to the locatioi. of tlie
genus among the Bivhardiva; and this view is supported by the
spinous femora, a character common to nearly all the genera of
this group. Should, however, the first longitudinal vein of Sijn-
taces be hairy or bristly, then the location of the genus among
the Richardina would be impossible.

Next to Euolena is the genus Idiotypa, which I establish for
anew species from Cuba. In its general habitus it is almost

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68

DIl'TERA OF NORTH AMKlllCA.

[I'AUT III.

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like one of llm more corpulent AnH-riean speeies of Jhivcliu; fur
instance, JJacc/ia vnjntala l^w. The Hoeontl longiludinal vein,
which in Eunhna forms a short sluu^p inside of ihe sul»inar;!;inal
cell, bears, iu tbis genus, almost at the; same place, similar
stumps, not only in the submarginal, but also in the marginal
cell. The most striking difl"<'rcnce, however, lies in the structure
of the fci't, as Euolcva has the fuur posterior femoni rennukahly
long and slender, which is nut in \he least the case with Llivli/j>a.

The genus Steneuetma, which will be characterized in the
third part, treating of the 2sorth American species, is related to
Idiohjjia.

Tin' Soutli American ppocics described by Fabricius once as
Scalophayn trimacvlala and another time as Uacun JIavus, and
which Wiedemann placed in the g( aiis Trypda, doctj nut belong
in this genus at all, but iu the ])resent group of the Ortnliduc.
The description, which Macquart gave of his Ciklo.metoi'JA
fcrrurjinca, contains so much which is entirely ai)plieable to
Faluicius's species, that I have no doubt that the latter species
was the very same from which the description of Cwlometojiia
fcrruginca was drawn, When Macquart says that in C.ffrru-
fjinca the middle femora alone are armed, this statement is pro-
bably based upon an insufficient observation ; when he calls the
last three tarsal joints white, this seonis to be a lapsus calami,
as the figure shows nothing of the kiml, and as on two of the
tarsi the first joints are even represented as much paler than the
following ones ; the latter probably being tnfuseated, as they are
in Fabrieius's species. Should even, contrary to my supposition,
Macquart's species be different from that of Fabricius, they will
at all events belong to the same genus.

The Odontomera macuUjirnnis of Macquart from Colombia,
South America, seems very closely allied to Ccelometopui ;
^VFacquart's own statements show that it agrees in so many
characters with Coolometopia trimaculata, that it may be trans-
ferred to the same genus with it; one would even be led to sup-
pose that it is nothing Imt the female of CffloDietopia trimaculata.
With the above mentioned Odontomera ferruginca. Macq. (not
Cadomelopia ferruginea Macq.) Odontomera maculipennis has
too little in common to be considered as belonging to the same
genus.

A pretty species from Cuba, which will be described in the

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OUTALIPiE- -SYSTEMATIC MSTRIUL'TION.

69

Boquel, can also be plat'cd in the genus t'd-Iowf lopia, nltliougli
the ocelli, which here, as well as iu the latter genus, are rather
much forward on the front and close to each other, are plihcd
here upon a very gfiitle elevation, while iu t'telometopia the
projection vvhieh bears them is quite high.

Closely related to Coioinctojiia is the species described by
"Wieueniann as Tnjpela cijatw(judiT. It is nut a real Go'ionie-
topiu, as its posterior ocelli are less remote from the vertex and
the anterior one (piite distant from them ; moreover the' third
and fourth longitudinal vein^ are jtarallel here and the hind
femora alone bear a few bristles, while in Co '"ntvtojtia all the
femora are beset with spines. Fur this reason Tnjpcta cijanO'
gastcr has to be considered as the type of a new genus, which
niny be called Melanoloma. A second species of this genus,
from Brazil, has the same picture of the wings as M. rijanogn.<tcr,
consisting ia a black border of the costal margin and of the small
crossvein.

Other Brazilian OrlnUdee resemble the genus Melanoloma in
the fact that the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel;
the agreement in the structure of the rest of the body, especially
of the head, is very striking. These species differ, however, in all
the femora being spinous, in the arista being distinctly pubescent,
in the still greater distance between the anterior ocellus and the
two posterior ones, iu the close proximity of the two crossveins
of the wings, and in the picture of the wings, which does not
consist in a black border on the costa, but in large, crossband-
like spots. I deem it useful to introduce for such species a new
genus, which I will call IIkmixantiia; a species of this genus,
E. spinipes, will be described below.

That Dacus Jlavicornis "Wied., from Brazil, belongs in the
same circle of relationship is proved by the original specimen,
p^eservt^d in the Berlin Museum.

Before having subjected that specimen to a second and more
close examination, I would not venture to decide whether it can
be placed in any of the genera, which I have just discussed. As
far as I remember, its scutellum bears only two bristles ; this
would prevent its identification with any one of those genera, as
it is verv unlike iust those anions them which sliare that character
with it. Otherwise it has the same Dnrvi^-WVo structure of the
face as most Richardma; the third auteurial joint is elongated ;

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DU'TKIIA OF Ndliru AMKIUCA.

[I'AUl III.

the .sIiMitler arista is distinctly pubescoiil ; the iilnloiiun is of un
equal brcadlli; tlie poHti-rior angle of tin- anul (•fll i.s not acuto
ond tliu fourtli lungitudinal vein tjuuicwbut cuuvergcut wilii lliu
third; all tliu feniura arc armed.

1 have also to nu'ntiun the genus Coni^kph, vliich I find
necessary to cHtalilish for a North American sptcies. On account
of th(! retracted posterior anj,'le of the nntil cell it niust liJicwiso
be placed Pinonj,' Iho liichanlina, although in its general appear,
auee it is more like certain Vlidinn, especially Euinelojiia.

The rcttson why I place Epu'LATEa among the liichardina Las
been alluded to above.

Thus I have reaclu'd the limit of the genera, the location of
which among the liichardina appears to nie bcy«»nd doubt, it
is certain that the nunil)er of Itichanlinn which may jet remain
unrecognized among the existing descriptions is far from e.\-
haustcd by nic ; but who would venture, upon the statenientH of
uiost of these description.s, to form an opinion on the systematic
location of the species which the}' mean to represent I

It will hardly be neees.sary to mention here the East Indian
genus Meracantiia. Its Ki)inose femora imiy suggest the sup-
position that it belongs to the liichardina. l>ut as this character
does not belong exclusively to this gnnip, and as the very acute
angle of the anal cell of Mcracantlia does uot occur among the
liichardina in the acceptation of that group as I understand it
hi're, I cannot consider Meravanlha as belonging to the
liichardina.

IJesides the bareness of the first longitudinal vein and the not
acute posterior angle of the anal cell, which two characters con-
stitute the diagnosis of the liichardina, the following characters
are common to all the genera which I have had occasion to ex-
amine in detail; a break in the costal vein immediately before
the end of the auxiliary vein; the great j)ro.\imity between the
auxiliary and first longitudinal veins and the very small distance
between their ends ; finally the thoracic dorsum being beset with
bristles upou its posterior part ouly.

lij

III.

THE NORTH AMERICAN ORTALIDil.

It is a long time since I intended to publish a nionofrrnph of
the North Anierieun Ortulidie. The hope uiid expectation, how-
ever, of increasing in a nieu^^ure n)y very frtignientary knowledge
of this family by the addition of nwjre species, either new or not
yet seen i»y me, induced me to postpone for some time the com-
pletion of my work. Unfortunately, tiiis expectation has not
been fulfilled. Witliin the last four years, only five species were
added to those previously known by me, and it became evident
that if I had to wait for a tolerable increase of my ae(|uaintanco
with the Ortalida;, my work would run the risk of remaining un-
published. I let it ait|)ear, therefore, in the best shape I could
give it, with the scanty materials at my command. I have no
duubt that North America contains a far larger number of
genera than those which came within my knowledge. In order
to define, with some approximation, the systematic position of the
genera of which I have not had any representatives for com-
parison, I have included in this monograph all the South
American genera of which I possess specimens; inasmuch as it
is very probable that most of them occur at least in the southern
portion of North America. The striking analogy between the
North American and European Orlalinn renders it very probable
that the number of genera in this group, common to both conti-
nents, is larger than it appears nt present. For this reason I
have deemed it useful to include in the general characters of the
Ortalina all the data necessary for the recognition of the more
difficult and less well known among the European genera.

Syitopsis of the Dislrihution of the Family.
Division I. — First longitudinal vein bristly or distinctly hairy.

A. Ovipositor not flattened.

Section I. Pyrgotina.

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12

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AiiT in.

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B. Ovipositor flattened.

a. Third auteuual joint not ciruular.

1. No protlioracic, no uiesoilioracij bristle.

Section 11. I^luti/sluniina.

2. No puothoracic, but a uiesotlioracic bristle.

Section III. Ctjihalina.

3. A protlioracic and a uiesotlioracio bristle.

Section IV. Ortulina.

b. Third antennal joint circular.

Section V. Ptcrocallina.

Division II. — First longitudinal vein bare.

A. Posterior angle of the anal' cell drawn oat in a point, or, at least,

more or less acute.
Femora never armed.

Section I. Ulidina.

B. Posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse, rounded or retracted.

Femora armed in most of the genera.
Section II. Richardina.

FIRST DIVISION.

ORTALIDiE WITH THE FiRST LoNUTTUDINAL TeIN BrISTLY OR

DISTINCTLY IIaIRY.

First Section: Pyrgotina.

Gen. I. PYRGOTA Wied.

Charact. — Front of equal breadth, without ocelli, very much projecting in
profile.

Anterirxn drooping, second joint rather long, third more or less ovate;
arista pubescent.

Face retreating, under the antenna with deep foveae, separated by a
very low ridge; they reach as far as the middle of the fact, or only
a little below; lateral parts of the face very broad, still more
approximated on the lower half of the face ; ornl opening compara-
tively small ; cfypeus but little developed ; proboscis not stout.

Scutellum with many bristles.

' It may not be useless to refer here to Vol. I^ p. xxiv, of these ^fon'>-
graphs, where (fig. 1) a wing of Ortnlis is represented. The anni cell is
marked M on the figure, and is the same as tlie third hnsnl cell, or the
posterior one of the small basal cells. Although this synonymy is not
mentioned in the explanation of the figure (at the foot of the same page).
it may be found in the same volume, p. xx, line 18 from the top. — 0. ?.

■'iiiiiii

if: ■'■'■i:^i^i

v'!^vi.

:-•.••('

ORTALlDiE — I'YKGOTA.

73

Ahdimen : in the male with four segments, the first of which strikingly
prolonged, the following ones coiisiiiera'jly sliorter ; in the female
with five segmetit-s, the first of which verj remarkahly prolonged,
the following ones ijuite as remarkably shortened; vi-ijiLaitor large,
not flattened, almost cajisule-sliaped.

Spurs of the tnlJdIe tibiw only bristle like ; very weak in the species
with less coarse hairs.

Wijiys large; posterior angle of the anal cell acnte ; small erossveiu
beyond tlie middle of the long discal cell; thinl longitudinal vein
curved backwards towards its end ; the last sectioTi of the fourtli
longitudinal vein arcuated, but Utile diverging from the third.

M&i'(iiiart's genus Oxycephala is identical witli Pyrcjota.
Harris, in his Catalogue of tUo Insects of Massachusetts, calls
this genus Sphecomyia.

Real Pyryuiae are known to occur with certainty in North
America only. As in Europe and Africa genera occur, ■which
are closely allied to Pyryota, it is not impossible that Walker's
P. latijicnnis (List of Dipt. p. lOST) from Sierra Leone is a real
Pyrgota; however, his description is altogether silent concerning
those characters which are indispensable for the recognition of
the genus. AA'hether P. piclipennis "Walker (List, etc. 1102)
belongs to this genus is very doubtful; the author himself
introduces it Avith a doubt, l)ut remains silent as to the motives
of this location as well as the cause of the doubt.

The North American Pyrgotae at present known may be
divided in two groups: in the first, the arista is only two jointed,
and, at the same time, the usual bristles on the vertex, as well
as those bristles which in other genera protect the ocelli, are
present; in the other group, the arista is distinctly three-jointed,
and there are no conspicuous bristles either on the vertex, or
round the spot where, in other genera, the ocelli are i)laced.
Pyrguta, millvpunclata belongs to the first, all the other species
to the last grnup. Were the numlicr of the species larger, these
characters wo'ild justify a suljdivision in two genera; at present,
with the small niir<il)er of species, all easy to identify, this sub-
division would be useUss.

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cHilatfl,; nlffi infnsiatsp, Liittulis numero^is subpellucidis aspersse.

Piti li-lirown ; arista two-jointed; wings infusoated, dotted with nnnierons .
pHilnrid «piii». Long, corp, fl.38— 0.43^ cum tcretira 0.51— U. ;");■}, long,
al, 0.49—0.55.

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DirXERA OF NORTH AMEIUCA.

[part III.

Syn. Pyryota millepunctata Loew, Neue Beitr. II, 22, 50.

'/Osyrijihala wacu//>t««is Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, p. 210. Tab.

xxviii, f. 2.
Sj>l(tco7iti/ia lalida Harkis, Catal. lus. Mass.

I'l'c'vailing color of tbo body pitch-brown, reUdi,<h-bro\vn or
even brownisih-red in Ice- intensely colored specimens, with a
black pubescence, which is perceptibly coarser tlian in the fuUow-
ing species. The occiput has, behind the vertex, a distinct black
triangle, with its point directed downwards, which is connected
with a black spot on the place where the ocelli should be; at
some distance from this triangle there is, on each side, a largo
black spot, reaching from the ))oslerior orbit of the eye almost to
the point of attachment of the head; between these spots and
the triangle the color is day-yellow, almost wa.\-yellow ; the
sides of the occiput are generally of a similar yellow color, but
become more infuscated towards the orbits and the cheeks, or are
tinged with brownish as far as the black spots above. The front
has. a broad black stripe, which is divided longitudinally in two
by a more or less complete and more or less narrow, sometimes
more yellow, sometimes brownish, line ; on both sides, near the
orbits, the stripe is margined with yellow. The ordinary strong
bristles 'D Uie vertex, the bristle placed in front of these, on
each side, .lear the orbit, and those bristles which arc inserted in
the region of the ocelli (which here are wanting), are all pre>ent.
The first antennal joint is generally rather dark-brown, except at
the basis; the second is usually of a dirty brownish-ycllow; the
third agrees in its coloring sometimes with the- first, sometimes
more with the second joint; in some specimens, it is altogether
ochre-yellow; the arista is distinctly two-jointed, the first joint
short. The face is usually of a dark ferruginous-brownish color-
ing, often verging on ochre-yellow on the sides. The antennal
fovea? are somewhat less deep than in P. idulata, but perceptil)ly
longer and separated by a higher ridge. The sides of the face
are n]ipro.\imated on the lower half, but not so much by far as in
P. inidoto. so that the middle part of the face has al)out double
the breadth of (he other species. The oral opening is more
horizontal than in P. luidntn. The but littlt> developed clypciis
is blaek, the palpi generally yellow ; their shape is almost the
same as in P. iindata. The ground color of tin; thorax is cliiy-
yellow ur wax-yellow, but with very broad pitch-brown stripes,

>^.l|,li

■ ■ 'Mi'

ORTALID.E — PYliaOTA.

15

which occupy everything but the humeri aud the narrow intervals
Iji'twtLii the stripes, so tliat the prevailing color is the browu
one; the niidtlle stripe, which is of equal breadth, is longitudi-
nully divided in two by a lighter longitudinal line ; the stripe
slops at the last quarter of the thorax, however, beyond it, at
thi' posterior margin of the thorax, there is a brown spot ; the
very l)road lateral stripes are strongly abbreviated anteriorly,
atlLiiuuted and interrupted at the transverse suture ; nioreover,
the lateral margin has a hnnul brown border. Sciitellura
bliiL-kish-brown, paler on tlie sides ; the numerous bristles are
more conspicuous in this species on account of their stoutness
ami their black coloring. IMeuraj pitch-brown, chiy-yellowish
on the sutures. Abdomen usually blackish-brown or dark pitch-
brown, sometimes ferruginous-brown or yellowish-brown ; the
first segment is. about once and a 'ulf the length of the four fol-
lowing segments taken together. The capsule-shaped ovipositor
is of the same color as the abdomen, or somewhat paler; its
shape is nearly the same as in /*. undala, but it is a little less
pointed ; on each side, not far from the basis, it has a largo, im-
pressed spot. The color of the feet is as variable as that of the
remainder of the bodv' ; blackish-brown in more intensely colored
specimens, otherwise ferrugiiious-l)rownish ; the knees are always
cliiy-yellow ; paler colored S[)ecimens have the extreme tip of
the libiie and the tarsi of a dirty^ ferruginous-jellow or ochrc-
ycllow color. The shape of the wings is not unlike '• at in P.
undala, but towards the apex they are broader. The chief dif-
foreiiees in the venation are the following : the little stump of a
vein on the second longitudinal vein existing in 7*. undala, is
wanting here; the discal cell is nineh liroader, especially towards
its ti]); the posterior transverse vein is nearer the margin of the
wing, much longer and more straight; the last section of the
fourtli longitudinal vein is less strongly arcuated and the second
posterior cell much smaller; the ])osterior angle of the anal cell
is more drawn out in a point. 'J'he whole surface of ti.j wings
has a rather uniform dark-brownish coloring; this color is varie-
gated by numerous transparent dots of a gray-yei'',wish tinge;
the shape of these dots is rather irregular; they are often con-
fluent, as often distinctly separated ; round the root of the second
longitudinal vein and round the small crossvein, the dark color-
ing is more continuous and less interrupted by dots; the browu

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76

DII'TERA OF NOHTU AMEUICA.

[part III.

is also more intense along the costal margin, than upon the re-
maining surface.

Ilab. Carolina (Zimmerman); Washington, D. C, New York,
Illinois (Osteu-Sacken) ; Massachusetts (Harris).

Observation 1. — Mr. Macquart (Dipt. E.\ot. Suppl. I, p. 210) de-
scriljes as Oxycephala macidipennis from Texas (figured on Tab.
XIX, f. 12), a species which either is a I'l/rrjota or is closely allied
to this genus. In several respects this species shows a decided re-
semblance to P. millepunclala, and the question as to their diver-
sity is a very doubtful one. The coufurniity is especially ap})areut
in the picture of the wings and the venation, also in the coloring
of the front and even in that of the thorax. But Macquart says
that the thoracic stripes are interrujjted near the suture (which
is also rendered in his figure) ; moreover, according to the figure,
the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a much longer
point than is the case in P. mtllepunctata. These discrepancies
alone, however, with Macquart's well-known inaccuracy in de-
scription and figure, would not be sufficient to neutralize the
evident analogies. A more weighty ground for doubt is to be
found in the representation of the abdomen ; nothing like its
remarkable breadth has been observed in any known Pyrgota;
moreover, it shows, instead of five segments, only four, the first
of which is abbreviated, and the second the longest; the ovi-
positor hardly exceeds one-third of the length of the abdomen,
while in the other Pyrgotse it eqiuils the abdomen in length. If
these statements were based on Mac(iuart's figure alorje, I would
have been inclined to think that the abdomen, wanting in the
specimen, had been supplied by the imagination of the draughts-
man; but this supposition does not hold good in presence of the
fact, that Macquart mentions expressly, that he had a female
before him; and we know that the sex of a Pyrgo'M can only he
recognized by the structure of the abdomen. Macquart also .<!iys
that the ovipositor is flattened, which is not in the least the case
with P. millepunctata. These grounds seem sufficient to justify
the belief that Macquart's Oxycephala mnrvlipcnnis is adifl'eivnt
species from P. millepunctata, unless we assume that Macfiuart's
specimen had the abdomen of a dilTerent species fastened to
it. Should this not be the case, there is every reason to doubt
whether tlie species is ii j^^yrijo'r- at all. It is rather strange
that in the list of the jsotic spc-cit::' described in Mac(iuart's(

ORTALlDiE — PYHOOTA.

77

work, which is nnpcnUed to his fourtli supploniont, 0. mocvU-
pennis is omitted. 'I'lio cause (jf tliis omission is not apparent.
Should Macquan have discovered that it behjnged to a diUerent
geuus, he would have transferred it to that genus; but the species
is altogetiier omitted in tlie list.

Ohwrvntion 2. — Hpheromyia valida of Harris's Catalogue of
the Insects of Massachusetts, is, according to a conuiiunication
from Uaron Osten-Sacken, nothing else but Pyryola millcjiunc-
lata. As a matter of course, Harris's name, being merely a
catalogue name, has no claim of priority.

2. P. Iindata Wied. % 9 • — Ex ochmceo ferrncinea ; anteiinarum
articulus tertius sneuncio aequalis ; tsela anteiiiialis tiiaitiuulala, articulis
priuiis duobud subu^quulibud ; alarum veuu luugiludiualid »euuiula
appeiidiculata.

Yellowish-ferruginous; the third antennal joint equal to the second in
length; arista three-jointed ; its lirst two joints of nearly equal length ;
the second longitudinal vein with a .stump of a vein upon it. Long,
corp. % 0.4—0.43; 9 cum terebra 0.5— 0.53 ; long. al. 0.5— 0.58.

Syn. Pyrgnta undatn Wied. Auss. Zweill. II, p. .')81. Tab. X. 6.

PtjTijiiia uniiala Mahj, Suites, etc., II, p. 423. Tab. XVIIl, f. 23 (were

mentioned after Wiedemann).
Myopa nigripennis, Gray, Anim. Kingd. Tab. 125, f. 5.
OTtirephnlafifiripennis Macq. Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 198. Tab. XXVI, 6.
Sphfcomi/ia undata IIakkis, Cat. Ins. Mass.
Pyrgota undata Gebst. Stett. Eut. Zeit. xxi, p. 188.

Yellowish-ferruginous or more ochre-brownish. Front rather
broad, projecting almost in the shape of a tower, and with a short,
rather inconspicuous pubescence; without stronger bristles in
the region of the vertex or round the place whore the ocelli
usually are. Antennne j'ollow; the first two joints with a yel-
lowish pubescence; the third sometimes ociire-brown, of the same
length as the second. Arista distinctly three-jointed ; the first
two joints almost of equr 1 length. The face very much retreat-
ing when seen in profile; the very drop antennal fovete reach
only to its middle and are separated by a very low ridge, which
is usually tinged with brown ; below them, the middle portion
of the face is remarkably narrow, groove-like and bordered on
each side by a brownish-bla'-k ridge. A brown or brownish-
black, somewhat curved stripe generally extends from the middle
of the inner orbit of the eyes towards the region of the antennae.

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DIi ^ERA OF NOUTII AMERICA.

[part III.

The oral opening is cut ol)liqiu'Iy upwards; the but little
developed clypeus is tinged with bliiikish; tlie rather broad palpi
are usually tinged with yellowish-red towards the tip, sometimes
they are altogether ferruginou.s. The thoraeic dorsum )ias an
extended ferruginous-brown spot upon it, formed l)y the almost
complete coalescence of a broad intermediate stripe with two
broad lateral stripes, which are abbreviated in front. Tin; nuta-
thora.v and the greater part of the pleura) are often tinged with
dark pitch-brown. The coloring of the abdomen on the lirst two
segments, and also at the basis and along the middle of the fol-
lowing ones, often becomes pitch-brown or brownish-black, this
is especially often the case in male specimens. The first
abdominal segment is very much elongated in both sexes; in the
male it is not quite as long as the three remaining segments
taken together; in the fe. lale, the last four segments are so
much shortened, that, taken together, they are much shorter than
the first joint. The capsule-shaped ovipositor is conical, beut
downward towards its end. The feet are ochre-yeilowish, but
the femora brown up to the tip; the tibiae likewise are more or
less infuscated, except the basis and the extreme tip. Wings
large, the greater portion of them is uniformly tinged with
brown, which color covers the costal, marginal, submarginal, the
first posterior and the discal cells, also the basal cells, with the
exception of a pale stripe in the anal cell, moreover, this color
forms a broad border along the inner portion of the second pnsto-
rior cell, and a narrower one along the anterior margin of the
third posterior cell; within this brown coloring some specimens
do not show any paler spots, the majority, however, show, in the
submarginal cell, a little beyond the small crossvein, a rounded
or oval, almost hyaline spot, which attains sometimes a consider-
able size ; moreover, a great many specimens show some scattered,
small, hyaline dots, not far from the end of the same cell, of the
first posterior and of the discal cells ; the posterior limit of the
brown coloring has a whitish-hyaline border, which, following the
course of that limit, forms a steep curve in the second posterior
cell ; in the third posterior eel! it takes the shape of a gently
arched longitudir il stripe ; within this border, the surface of the
wing has a uniform brownish coloring, which is perceptildy more
intense only in the region of the axillary incision; in some cases,
near the posterior side of the sixth longitudinal vein, a little

1

^4

ORTALID.E — PYROOTA. tl>

beyond tlie end of the anal cell, there is a small, almost hyaline
spot ; the alula is almost hyaline, or infiiscated towards the
posterior margin only. The second longitudinal vein, (tpposite
the j)osterior crossvein, shows a small fold, the tip of wliieh,
directed backwards, emits a short stump of a vein ; the last
section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very strongly curved ;
the posterior angle of the anal cell forms a sharp, but not very
acute angle.

JIab. United States; Carolina (Zimmerman), Massachusetts
(Harris), etc.

Ohservatioit. — 1 am not able to compare the figure of Mijnpa
nirjripennis Gray, but I do not hesitate, on Gerstaseker's authority,
to place this name among the synonyms of P. undala. The
synonymy of SiilicconD/ia undala Harris is based upon a state-
ment of Mr. Walker, who seems to have received specimens from
the author.

3. P. vespertilio Oerst. %. — Antennarum articulo teicio pr.-ece-
dentrt plus dimidio breviore, rotuiulato ovato, fusco, aristsD articulo piimo
brevissinio, secundo eloiigato : fronte oculis duplo latiore, palpi.i filifor-
mibus: alls vena longitudinali secHiidi'i nee fracta, iiec appendiculatA,
alula strigisqne duabus niarginis posteriorLs liyalinis.

Third antennal joint not half so long as the seeond, rounded oval, brown ;
the first joint of the arista very short, the second elongated; front
double the breadth of the eyes ; palpi linear; second longitudinal vein
of the wings without fold or stump of a vein , the alula and two stripes
near the posterior margin hyaline. Long. corp. 0.64; long. al. 0..'JG.

Syn. Pyryota cespertilio Gekst. Stett. Entom. Zeitschr. xxi, p. lt^9, Tab. II,
f. 8.

Head comparatively stouter than in the preceding species ;
front, when viewed from above, and taken as far as ihe anterior
border of the eyes, at least by one-half broader than long ; the
gil)bosity projecting over the eyes is not of equal breadth, as in
P. nndata, but conically attenuated anteriorly; its tip is as
broadly truncated as in the other species; viewed in profile, this
projection is as high as in P. inulata ; its anterior side, however,
does not ascend in a straight line, but shows a strong convexity,
so that the tip itself is retreating. The cheeks are consider-
ably broader and more sunken. The eyes are comparatively
smaller, the excavated upper part of the face perceptibly shorter.
The coloring on the front, especially on the inside of the eyes and

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LII'TEUA OF NdllTII AMERICA.

[I'AUT III.

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upon the gibbosity, is darker, more lirowii ; upon the checks, with
tliu exception of the ferruginous-yeUow Ixjnler of tlie eyes,
chocolate-brown ; the two bhick ridges, bordcfring tlie luiddU; of
the face, are present, as in 1'. undala, but even more distincUy
nitirked and descending lower. The first two joints of the
antenna) are pale ferruginous-yellow; the third joint dark-brown;
the arista fcrruginons-yeliow at the ba.sis, whitish towards ihe
tip; the second antennal joint is not (piite as long as in the pre-
ceding species, chiefly becaii.se it in but very little less drawn
out forwards above than below; the last joint is at least by one
half shorter than the second, rounded oval, ending in a blunt
point; the arista 's inserted on the middle of its length, on the
outside, near the upper margin ; of its two basal joi.'its the second
has four tiniea the length of the very short first joint. The palpi
are slender, flliforni, tinged with brown, like the prol>oscis. The
thoracic dorsum shows three deep black stripes, the middle one
is very broad, begins at the anterior margin and ends some
distance before the scutellum ; the lateral stripes are abbreviated
anteriorly and pcsteriorly ; the ])orticn of them behind the suture
is larger than that in front of it. The greater part of the plennx),
a spot on each side at the posterior margin of the scutellum,
as well as the metathorax, dark-brown, On the abdomen, the
anterior part and the middle line of the first scLrnient are pitch-
black and somewhat shining; on each of ihe following three seg-
ments is a triangular spot, of the same coloring, the basis of which
is directed anteriorly, and which occui)ies the whole breadth of
the segment. The upper part of the abdomen has delicate
transverse grooves, the under side on the contrary is strongly
grooved in a longitudinal direction, opaque velvet-black, with a
narrow, ochre-yellow middle line ; the projecting male organ of
copulation is of a shining reddish-brown. The feet are light
ferruginous, with yellow hairs ; the femora, to the exclusion of
the tip and tibia), with the exception of the basis and of the ex-
treme tip, arc chestnut-brown. The second longitudinal vein of
the wings is hardly perceptibly broken and without any vestige
of a stump; the wings in general are comparatively shorter than
in P. undala, darker and more evenly earth-brown ; a very
delicate streak near the posterior border of the first longitudinal
vein, not far from th(f origin of the second vein, the whole alula
and two streaks near the posterior margin, the position of which

^m

OllTALlDa; — i'VUtiuTA.

81

corresponds to the entirely discolored spots in P. vndatn, are
liyuiiiK'. These two streaks have a very deliiiite outline, and the
space beyond them is as dark-brown as the remainder of the
wiiii,'; the lonj,'er one is almost straij^ht, tiie shorter one sickle-
shaped. The halteres are pale ferruginous-yellow.

Hah. Car(jlina (Zininiernmn).

Observation. — The al)ove description is the reproduction of
tliat i)n'i)ared ))y Dr. Gi'rsticcker, I. c, from a sinfrle specimen
in the Jierlin Museum. 1 have had a passing view of the speci-
men; it is very like P. iindata. The dilVerences in cidoring,
noticed by this author, arc in my opinion of but little importance,
as most of them occur among the vari(!ties of the very varial)le
/'. undatn. Afore important arc tin; plastic differences, mentioned
hy Dr. (ierstfeeker. Although the shape of the head in differe?it
specimens of P. iindala is varial)le (evidently, however, in con-
se(|uence of difTerent degrees of shriiikag*! in drying), although
tlie size of the lliinl anteiifud joint is subject to slight Viiriations,
and although the relative length of the first two joints of the arista
is not altogether ct)nstant, it is hardly ere(iil)le that ail these dis-
crepancies should reach the degree which Dr. Gersta;cker noticed
in his P. vetipeftilio.

4. P. pteropliorina riEHPT. 9 • — Antonnamm artionlo tertio prne-
cedente paulo longiore, obloiiyo ovato, arifitii brevissiiua, frafisil : froute
oculis latiore, fortiter proloiigatil, palpis (.'oclilcaribus ; alis latis, veiiA
loiigitudiiiali secundS, geniculate, nee appendiiiilatA, tuscis; alulft,
mat'ulis duabus, posticis nrngnia, semilunaribus, gultisijue duabus
hyaliuis.

The tliird antennal joint is somewhat longor than tlio preceding one,
elongated-oval, with a very shoit, stout arista; iVont tjroader than the
eyes, very much prolonged ; palpi siiooii-shaped ; wings broad, with a,
second longitudinal vein which is ".'eniculate, but has no stump of a vein
upon it ; coloring on the wings brown ; alula, two large crescent shajjfd
spaces on the posterior margin and two dots hyaline. Long, oorji, 0.4)
long. al. 0.44.

Syx. Pi/rgota pteropliorina Gerst., Stett. Entora. Zeit. xxi, p. lOO, Tab. II,
f. (J.

Body small, slender, pale-ferruginous, shining. Head, viewed
from above, by one-third longer than broad; front broader than
the eyes, but, taken as far as the anterior margin of the eyes,
nevertheless longer than broad; the gibbosity only a little shorter

131

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82

nriEllA OF NORTH AMEnrCA.

[I'AUT III.

and very little attt'iiuated uiituriurly ; viuwud in profik-, this; ^Wy
bosity is less elcvateii timn in lliu two procuding spocii'S ; on \\n;
contmry, it is, to ild very niiicli pruiriidiiig tip, uhno.si on the
same li-vol witii tiio ri'niaining portion y^i'i tliu front; this caii-cs
tlio an((;rior niai- in, which, with u slight convoxily, is stroiigly
retreating, to lie almost entirely on the under side; cheeks like-
wise I)roader and descending lower than in V. loidaUi. The
coloring of the head is altogether pale-ferruginons, even the black
linos, bordering the middle portion of the face, are wantintr.
The anteiniiu likewise arc altogether ferruginous-yellow; the two
apical joints are almost of c(pial length; the third appears a little
longer, only when viewed from the outside, along the lower
margin, because, at this point, this joint is less covered by tin
second than al)ovo and on the inside ; the first two joints arc
beset with blackish l)ristles, as in the two preceding species; the
third joint is elongated-oval ; the arista Is inserted in the middle
of its length, near the upper margin ; it is stout and very short,
shorter than the third antennal joint; the second joint of the
arista is one-half longer than the first; the styliform third joint
is but little longer than the first two taken together. Taipi
elongated, slightly curved, somewhat spoon-shajjed at the tip,
pale ferruginous-yellow, with black bristles; the proboscis brown.
Thorax uniformly ferruginous-yellow; clothed, us the heatl, with
delicato black bristles. Abdomen of a similar color, but more
shining, beset with long black bristles, forming bunches, especi-
ally on the sides ; the upper side of the first abdominal segment
is infuscated beyond the middle. The horny capsule, which
forms the end of the fifth segment of the abdomen of the female,
has, in profile, the appearance of a sparrow's bill ; it is convf x
above, concave below, obtuse at the tip and somewhat shorter
than the last three abdominal eegmcnts taken together. Feet
l)erceptibly longer and more slender than in the two preceding
species, with dense and rather long hairs, light brow^n ; the ba>iil
third of the tibiaj and the tarsi pale 3'ellowish ; the hind liliiie
are much more incrassatcd toward the tij) than the middle ones.
Wings remarkably broad, obtusely rounded at the apex; the
second longitudinal vein strongly bent and thou broken in the
shape of an angle, but without stump of a vein; ground color uf
a saturate earth-brown; a trapezoidal spot, extending from tlie

ORTALIIi.K — AMPIIICNKPI1E6,

811

cosfa to the tliird lontritudi'Mil vein ninl situated before tho break
iu the second vein, a round spot between l»olii erossveiris, tho
alula and two larL'^e ereseents on the jjosteriur inarjrin hyaline ;
tiio crescents show a pale shade of brownish towards the i)o.->t( rior
nwrgin. llalteres alluj^cilier i)ale yellow,

Ikih. Carolina (Zin.ni(rinan).

Ohscrvation 1. — The above is a trniisjation of Gorstncckcr's
description of the specimens ia the Jleiiiu Museum. Tlie species
is distinpuished enontrh > render the di.scns.sioii of its specilie
rights useless. I will only n<«lici' here, tiiat wlicn the antlior
says that the fiftli aluioininal segment in the female gradiuuly
passes into tho capsule-shaped ovipositor, this expression is not
to he understood literally ; in the two species which I have seen,
such a transition is not visible. When tiie autliDr calls tiie first
two antennal joints of /'. ph-rophonna " Ijeset with blackish
bristles, as in the prccedinj^ spc^cies {P. uuilala and cespcrtilio),^*
I would observe that in I\ undata this pubescence is in reality
yellow, and assumes a ferruginous or even blackish tinge only
when seen against ilic light.

Obifcrration 2. — A fifth American .species is descriJied by
Mnccpiart (Dipt. Y.\u' Suppl. IV, p. 2Sl, Tab. XXVI, f. 1) as
Oxycephala feneslrata, Ilis data are not even suilicient to
ascertain whether the fii)ecies really is a Pynjola. Moreover it
is not distinctly stated whether this specie- belongs to North
America.

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Gen. I. AMPHIC!VEPIIES nov. gen.

Charact. — Front of medium breadth, not narrower anteriorly.
AnIenncB reaching down to the edge of the inoutli.
Face excavated, without distinct antennal foveoe ; occiput but little

turgid ; eyes liigh ; cheeks narrow.
Scutellum large, flat, with four bristles.
Winfj.i very broad ; the longitudinal veins straight and conspicuonsly

diverging ; anal cell shorter than the preceding basal cell ; its

posterior angle rounded.

Small, metallic-colored species, the wings of which show a
picture not unlike that of tho species of riodjstoma, and the
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DIPT£RA OF NORTH AMEUICA.

[PAET 111.

those of Plahjsloma. Tliey are, however, easily disiiuguislittl
from the latter by the narrower front, the much Ifss turgid
occiput, the larger and flatter scutellum and the much bruadtr
wings, with straight, very much diverging longitudinal veins.

1. A. pcrtUHUS n. sp. % and 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 1) Viridis, uitidus
aUe iiigrai, (juttis et fascia subapiuali Lyaliuig.

Grei;n, shining ; wings black with hyalin« dots and a hyaline crossbaud
boforu thti tip. Lung. uorp. 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.11 — 0.12.

Dark metallic-green, shining. Head black; the front blackish-
brown, even, rather long, but only of a medium breadth, not
narrowed anteriorly; the ocelli are closely approximated to eiiili
other near the edge of the vertex; the small oeellar triangle and
the little stripes running down at the corners of the vertex are
of a shining blacki«h-green. Lristk.s of the vertex ratiicr lonjr,
directed backwards; the bristle which is in front of them on caili
side is short; the oeellar bristles ore not distinct. Aiitoniiie
reaching down to the edge of the mouth, brownish-yellow; tlitir
narrow third joint is blackish at the tip; often the greater piirt
of its outer side is brownish. Face excavated ; its lateral porliuiis
very narrow; antennal foveae indistinct. The shining bhuk
clypens broad. Palpi broad, shining black, with a paler border
on the under side and at the tij); proboscis of moderate thick-
ness; mcntum but little swollen. Eyes much higher than
broad; cheeks narrow; occiput but little turgid. Thorax very
delicately transversely aciculate. Scutellum large, flat, weakly
rugose, with four bristles. Abdomen more distinctly rugo^^e.
Ovipositor black, considerably extensile. Feet black, brownish-
l)lack in less mature specimens; the first joint of the front and
hind tarsi and the first three joints or the middle tar.si of a dirty
ochre-yeliow. Ilalteres black, tegula) but little developed. "Wings
rather broad, black, more grayish-black near the hind margin;
immediately before their apex is a conspicuous, arcuated, hyaline
crossband ; before this band there is a moderate number of hyaline
dots of regular shape, which become more sparse towards the
anterior margin; five dots which are nearest to the crosj^band
♦brm a row, parallel to the latter; the blaekish-gray coloring near
the hind margin of the wings has no hyaline spots. The veins
are much more straight than in Plati/stoma and very diverging;

ORTALID/E — II 1 M KIU»K8SA.

85

the two posterior basal ct'll.s aro raiiicr striking for their lorge
size; however, the anal cell, which has an obtuse pudttirior rjiglc,
is shorter than the basal cell lying in front of it ; the small cross-
veni is in the middle of the discal cell; the lirst half of this
cell is by no meaus attenuated, as is the case iu the species of
RivclUa.

llab. Carolina (Zimmerman) ; Washington, D. C, Connecticut
(Osteu-Sacken).

Gen. II. niMEROESSA nov. gen.

Charact. — Front oi equal breadth, distinctly projecting in profile.

AnteniKB reacliing almost to the mouth, arista bare.

Face moderately excavated, somewhat retreating belovr; occiput
moderately turgid, eyes high ; cheeks narrow.

Srutellum convex ; with six bristles.

Willys: marginal and submarginal cells very narrow; second section
of the fourth longitudinal vein straight; posterior croiisvein pro-
longed beyond the fourth vein ; posterior angle of the anal cell
rounded.

As I have seen only a single species of this genus, the one
which is described below, the definition of the generic character
can naturally be only a provisional one. Should the peculiar
prolongation of the posterior crossvein, which distinguishes JI.
pretiij^a, be wanting in some allied species, it would then be
necessary to omit this character from the definition of the genus;
the remaiuiiig characters are amply sufficient for the purpose.

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violaceo, pedibns anticis totis, posteriornnique tibiis et tarsis nii^ris;
als hyalinse, inxquali costse limbo et fasci4 tenui subiuterrupta nigro-
fascia.

Yellowish-red, with a violet abdomen ; the front feet altogether, the tibia
and tarsi of the four posterior feet, black ; wings hyaline with an
irregular costal border and a narrow, somewhat interrupted crossbaud,
blackish-brown. Long. corp. 0.38, long. al. 0.3.

Yellowish-red, shining. Front darker, opaque, of equal
breadth, with very indistinct traccp. of flat pits and a very delicate
border of white pollen along the orbits; distinctly projecting in
profile; the little stripes, descending from the vertex along the
sides of the front, and the ocellar triangle are distinct, and
somewhat more shining; the latter is somewhat larger than

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DIPTEHA OF NOIITH AMERICA.

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usual; ocelli very ueur the edge of the vertex, rather large, hut
little approximated ; the four bristles on the edge of the vertex
rather strong; the lateral, as well as the ocellar bristles replaced
by shorter, bristle-like hairs. Antenna.- of the coloring of the
body, almost reaching to the anterior edge of tha oral opening;
arista bare. Face but moderately concave, somewhat retreating
ou the under side, pollinose with white, except in the vicinity of
the oral opening; in the well-marked foveaj this pollen is thicker
and more conspicuous; the lateral portions of the face, bordering
ou the eyes, are very narrow and likewise clothed with white
pollen. Eyes much higher than broad; cheeks narrow. Clypcus
of a moderate breadth, distinctly projecting over the edge of ilie
mouth; palpi not very broad, almost ferruginou.s. Proboscis
rather stout; occiput moderately turgid. The whole thora.x and
the convex scutellum shining, with a very faint trace of a reddish
metallic reflection. Scutellum with six bristles. Abdomen of a
metallic reddish-violet coloring, which, in adilferentlight, assumes
upon the lirst three segments a bronze-green tinge; this is nut
the case with the last segment. Front feet with the co.xie
brownish-black; on the four posterior feet the tibia) and tarsi
alone have this coloring; the coxas and femora have the color of
the thorax. Ilalteres yellowish-red, with an infuscatcd knob.
Wings hyaline, with brown veins, which are not in the least
sinuous; their anterior margin has a conspicuous, but uncqiiul
brown border, which, near the npex, extends as far aa the fourth
vein ; from the root of the wing to the small crossvein, which is
still included in this border, it becomes gradually broader and
reaches here almost to thf» fifth longitudinal vein; it contracts
immediately beyond the small crossvein, to the second longitu-
dinal vein ; opposite the p'ysterior crossvein it expands again
towards the third longitudinal vein, and runs immediately behind
this vein as far as the apex of the wing, where it suddenly turns
towards the fourth longitudinal vein, which forms the limit of this
dark border; the very steep posterior crossvein projects in an
unusual waj beyond the fourth longitudinal vein; it is bordered
with brown ; this border forms a narrow, perpendicular cross-
band, which growing paler and more indistinct, extends to the
dark border of the anterior margin, or quite near it; the costal
cell is clay-yellow, except at the basis and at the tip, which are
more brownish. The marginal and submarginal cells are re-

OKTALID-B — lUVELLIA,

87

markably narrow; tbe small crosssvein is in the middle of tlie
diseal cell; the posterior angle of the anal cell is rounded niid
the last section of tbe fourth longitudinal vein is parallel to the
third,
Uah. Cuba (Guudlach).

Gen. III. RITELLIA R. Desv.

Characl. — Front of equal breaiitli, not projecting in profile.

AntfiituB usually reaching down to tli« margin of the mouth; third
joint long ai d narrow ; ariiita with a very short pubescHUie.

Face ratlj«r txcavated, its lower part projecting ; the lateral portions
very narrow ; clypeus broad ; occiput moduratuly turgid ; eyes
high ; cheeks moderately broad.

Scuiellurn convex, with four bristles.

Wings : Marginal and submargiiial cells comparatively broad ) the
second section of the fourth longitudinal vein remarkably sinuate,
with the convexity encroaching U[>on the diseal cell, so that the
latter appears mui h narrower before the small crossvein than behind
it ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is parallel to the
third vein or very slightly diverging; posterior angle of the ar-.l
cell rounded.

A largo number of closely resembling species belong to this
genus; the picture oi the wings of most of them is nearly the
same, so that this picture alone helps to recognize the species
belonging here ; it consists of -four brown or blackish-brown
rossbands; the first starts from the root of the wing and is the
most oblique of all and the shortest; the second, somewhat
longer and less oblique, runs over the small crossvein; the third,
which covers the posterior crossvein, is perpendicular and reaches
from the anterior to the posterior margin of the wing; the fourth
starts from the anterior margin, near the origin of the third band,
and forms a border along the apex of the wing. The North
American fauna seems to abound in these species. The appa-
rently total absence of plastie differences between them and tbe,
as it seems, not unimportant variation in the coloring of some of
them, render their separation very difficult, especially when there
are only single specimens for comparison. I hope not to have
gone amiss in the definition of those which I know. Whether
I was mistaken or not, those may judge who have the opportunity
of observing these species in life.

Among the cpecies described below, liivcllia conjuncta is the

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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only one which docs not belong to the difficult group just cliav-
actorizi'd ; it is distinguished from it not only by a diireient
picture of the wings, but also by some easily tangible platiiu
differences.

1st Group. Crossbhtids contiguous near the posterior margin.

1. R. conjuncta n. sp. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 3.) Nigro-viiidis, pedibus
prseter tarsorum basim uigris, tribua priuis alarum fasciis postivo
cobsereutibud.

Blackish-green ; the feet, with the exception of the root of the tarsi, black ;
the first three cro-ssbands of the wings contiguous posteriorly. Loug.
Corp. 0.10; loug. al. 0.14.

Blackish-grcen, shining. Front moderately broad, dusky for-
ruginou.s-brown, almost black, laterally with a rather broad
border, pollinose with white. AntenntB reaching almost down
to the edge of the mouth, brick-red, except the third joint which
turns brownish or blackish towards its tip. Face and clypous
metallic-black. Feet black ; the basis of the tarsi brick-rod or
dirty reddish-yellow to a considerable extent. Ilaltores black.
Wings hyaline ; the four crossbands much broader than in the
following species, especially the first ; the second coalesces with
the first in the discal cell and the third unites with the first
near the posterior margin of the wing ; the band which forms a
border along the end of the anterior margin and the apex is
connected in the usual way with the third, at the anterior
margin. The small crossvein is but little beyond the middle of
the discal cell ; the second section of the fourth longitudinal
vein is strongly arcuated, and the posterior crossveins bisinuate.

Ilab. Maryland (Osten-Sackeu).

2d Group. Crossbands separated near the posterior margin.

3. R. Tirldulans R. Desv. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 4.) Nigro-viridis,
interdum chalybescens, pedibus prster tarsorum basim uigris, primis
tribas alarum fasciis separatis.

Blackish-green, sometimes more steel-blue ; feet, with the exception of
the root of the tarsi, black ; the first three crossbands of the wings iso-
lated from each other. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.21 ; long. al. 0.15 — 0.2.

Stn. Rivellia virtdnlanit R. Desv. Myod. p. 729, 2.
Trypeta quadrifasciata Harris, Cat. Ins. Masa.

ORTALID^ — RIVELLIA. 89

Ortalh Ortoeda Walk. List, IV, p. 992.

Orlitlis (jiiodri/dsciala Walk. List, IV, p. 993.

llerina ri{/itar»is Macq. Dipt. Kxot. Suppl. V, p. 123, 7.

Te/ihritis meUiijinis FiTcu, First Rep. 05.

Dlackish-giTcn, sliining; tlie upper side of the thornx sometimes
less so ; recently excluded Rpecimens accpiirc a suiiiewlint steel-
blue tinge after drying. Front reddi.«li-l>n)wn, often very dark,
of the usual breadth, with a very narrow border of wiiite pollen
on each side. Face and clypeus njetallic black; the narrov/
lateral portions of the face, bordering on the eyes, l)rownish-red,
more seldom dark-brown. Antennae reaching to the edge of the
mouth, brick-red or yellowish-red ; the third joint gradually
turning black towards the tip. Ovipositor and feet black; the
tips of the four anterior tibiae usually brownish brick-red ; the
first joint of the two front tarsi and the first two joints of the
four posterior tarsi pale brick-red. Crossbanda of the wings
black, rather narrow ; the first three, which are entirely sepa-
rated from each other, reach from the anterior margin to the
fifth longitudinal vein ; the fourth band, bordering the end of the
anterior margin and the apex, is often connected with the third
only by a rather narrow black border of the anterior margin ; the
portion of the costal cell between the first and the second cross-
bands has a dingy, somewhat yellowish appearance. The small
crossvein is far beyond the middle of the discal cell and the
second section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very much arcu-
ated. Haltores black.
Hah. New York ; Georgia ; Distr. Columbia (Osten-Saeken).
Obi^crvatioti 1. — The attentive reader of Walker's description
of Ortalis Ortoeda will easily notice that, before the end of the
fourth line, previous to the comma, several words have been
accidentally omitted, so that the end of the sentence does not
refer, as it should, to the second, but to the third crossband.
What Mr. Walker meant to say results sufficiently from the next
description, that of O. q^iadrifaaciata, which reproduces again
the present, apparently very common, species. The fact that the
measurements of 0. Ortoeda and quadrifaitciafa are different in
Walker does not prevent me from considering them a.s one and
the same species. Under the former name Walker describes a
nialo ; under the latter, a female ; hence, the greater size of the
latter has nothing surprising. Instead of the length of the single

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DIPTEUA OF NUIITU AMERICA.

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wiug, Walker gives the breadlli of the wings fro.n npex to apex,
a daluiii which is to Ijo obtiiiiied only by approxiiiiatioii. This
breadth in O. Orlw.da is said to be three, in U. quadnfafciata
four lines, a diU'erenee which is uoniewhat considerable, but,
owing to its uncertain nature, not to be relied upon exclusively
for separating the two specieB, as the fenjulc of Ji. vtmlulutis
really has longer wings than the male. The quotation from
Ilarri.s's Catalogue has been introduced upon the authority of
AValker, who seems to bavo had original .specinu-ns (if this
author; but as the species has never been descrii)ed, the (pio-
tation might as well have been omitted. That Herina rojitarsis
Mac(|. belongs here is not doubtful. I have been aiile to com-
pare a tyi)ical specimen of Tephrilis vie/tiginiis Titch.

Observation 2. — The following species agree so much with
It. viridulans in the breadth of the front, the shape and the
length of the antcnnoe, and in the venation, that every statement
about these points would be useless. In .^ipeaking of the picture
of the wing.<5, a statement about the points of diilerence will bo
more useful towards discriminating the species than a detailed
dcscriptiou.

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8. R. qiiadrifasciata Macq. '^. — (Tab. VIII, f. 5.) Thorace
viridi, capite prseter occiput, al>domiu«, pedibuH, lialteribut-que luteia.

Thorax green ; the head, with the exception of the occiput, the abdomen,
the feet, and the halteres, dark->-eIlow. Long. corp. 0.2; long. al. U.19.

Stn. Ilerina quadrifatciuta Macq. Suites, etc., II, p. 433, B,

Head dark-yellow, the occiput metallic dark-green. Front
dusky red, with a narrow border of white pollen on each side.
AntennsB dark yellowish-red ; the third joint, with the exception
of the root, brown; blackish towards the tij). Palpi dark-yellow.
Thorax, including the scutellum, of a blacki.sh-green, metallic
coloring, shining. Abdon)cn dark-yellow, more browni.sh-yellow
towards its end. Coxae and feet dark-yellow ; hind tibia; yel-
lowish-brown ; the last four joints of the front tarsi, and the last
three, more seldom the last four, joints of the middle and hind
tarsi infuscnted. Halteres dark-yellow. The crossbands on the
wings as narrow and nearly in the same position as in //. riridu-
lavs, but loss dark ; the first band is narrower and crosses the
fourth longitudinal vein but very little ; the second reaches not

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OBTALIDif: — Rl VELLIA.

91

quite R8 far as the fit'th loiij^ittidiiiul vi'in ; the hyaliiu; interval
between them xa bruuiler and the intervening itorliun of thi;
costtti eell of a iliirker coloring than in Ji. viriili'luiDi ; tlic eosta
itself, from the extreme basis as far as about the miUUle of the
cof^tal eell, is of a Uirly-yellowihli coloring.

Jlub. Nebraska (?). [I possess a ftpeeinien from Wushington,
D. C, which agnies exactly with the above description. O. S.]

4. R. Tariabilisn. sp. ^.— (Tab. VIII, f. 6.) Rufo-t«stnrea, capita
pectoreque pic«>is, alMlomiiie iiigro-iiict'o, baKiiii Tf^^us plfruiiKiuu lii-
lutius piceo, pedibus lutuis, tibiid postiuia tar.sorutuque apicu fusuiii.

Brifk-red ; head and cbest pitch-brown; abdomen pitt-h-blaclc, towards
the basis usually of a li[:hter pitch-brown; feet daik yellow; bin. I
tibiffi and the tip of all Ihu tarsi browu. Luug. corp. U.lb— 0.21 ; long,
al. 0.15—0.2.

Brick-red. Head pitch-brown or rcddisli-brown. Front of an
opaque dark-red coloring, on each side near the orbit with a
very narrow border of white pollen. Antenna) reaching down
to the mouth; the first two joints dark reddish-yellow ; the third,
with the exception of the basis, dark-brown, blackish towards the
tip. Palpi dark-brown. The chest and the lower ))art of the
pleura dark pitch-brown. Abdomen pitch-black, generally lighter
pitch-brown near the basis. Coxte and feet dark-yellow ; the
four anterior tibia; but little infuscated ; the hind tibiie and the
last three or four tarsal joints dark-brown. Ilalteres dark-lrcwn.
The picture of the wings almost entirely like that of Ji. <j mdri-
fusciata in coloring and design, only the first two cmssbands
are a trifle longer and the first a little broader; the browu col-
orinj; in the anterior basal cell Is a little less extended.

IJnb. District Columbia (Osten-Sacken).

Ob.servalion. — 1 have a female, from the same locality, which I
think belongs to the present species. It ditt'crs from the male,
described above, in having the antonnse of an altogether dark-
yellow coloring, except the slightly infusciitcd tip of their third
joint ; the color in the middle of the thoracic dorsum almost
verges on blackish; the first crossband on the wings is a little
longer, the front and middle tibia* do not show any distinct iufus-
cation and the tip of the tarsi is but little infuscated.

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5. R. flaTimana n. up. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 7.) Vlrldl-nigra,
vel nigio-clial>ltea. iM-dibas aiiticiii luleiB, poHtfrioribus seiuper ux
part«4, iilfruni(|U«) maximal «x parte, uigriii vel fuHciti.

OreeniHh-blnc'k, or more bluir(li-)>1ack ; tbe front ft'et dark-yellow, the
hind feet partly, and UHtially for the luuiit part, black or bluish-browo.
Long. corp. O.IO ; long. al. 0.14.

BvN. f llerina metallka v. d. Wulp. Tijdscbr. Toor. Ent. z, p. 164. Tab.
V, f. 10.

Vory like li. viridulans, hut easily distiiipuishcd hy its smnllcr
size and the paler, although very varial)!o, coloring of the fct't.
Metallic blacklsli-greon or almost blackish-blue. Head shining
black ; occiput of a metallic groenish-black ; front dusky rcddish-
b;own, often blackish-brown, on fath side near the orbit with a
very narrow border of white pollen. The first two antennnl
joints brownish-red, the third blackish-brown or block. The
coloring of the ab(iomen towards the tip, in the male, verges
more on bronze-blark ; the only female which I can conijtare iins
no trace of this color. Fore co.xaj and tibiae yellowish ; the n\t\)CT
eido of the femora and the basis of the tibio) very seldom show a
trace of infuscation. The four posterior feet have the coxa;,
femora, and tibiaj biack or brownish- black, the tarsi yellow.
The above-mentioned female has the tip of the middle femora
and the middle tibiae, with the exception of the dark-brown bnsal
third, of a brownish-yellow color; the tips of the tarsi in this
specimen are hardly infuscated at all, while the male specimens
have the three or four terminal joints of the front tarsi and the
last three or four joints of the middle and hind feet some-
what dark-brownish. Ilaltercs brownish-black. The picture of
the wings recalls, in design and coloring, that of E. virtdiilans,
only the crossbands are a little narrower; in generol also the
second, and especially the first, reach less near the fifth longitu-
dinal vein ; the black coloring, which is apparent on the root of
the anterior basal cell of P. viridulans, is wanting in R. Jlavi'
mana, and this affords a good character for distinguishing the
latter species from those allied to it.

Ifab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden).

Observation 1. — I possess a male, the four posterior feet of
which, with the exception of the hind 111)10;, nro yellow; it is
also distinguished by the color of the antennte, which are reddish-
yellow as far as beyond the middle of the third joint, and by the

•t<,

ORTALID/K — lUVKM.IA.

93

Bomewliat nnrnnvc^r crosshaiids. Nevi-rtlicIesH, I cnnsider it only
us a variety of li. Jlaviinuua, wliicli bcviU8 tu bt> very vuriablu ia
the coiuriiit? of the feet.

ObHcrvation 2. — liivellia Itoscii U. Dcsv. cannot very well he
Identified witij li. Jlavimana, us it i.s deserilud us eon.-«iiltTably
larger than R. virhlulans, wla-reus Ji. jlavimana is (lihlineiiy
Bmaller. I did not succeed in identifying tlii.s .species of Rob.
I)orfvoidy ; his data cuneerning' the coloring do not agree with
II. (jiindrifaticiala and variabiliH, and Ji. pallida iii hlill less to
be taken into account.

Ohtfcrvution li. — At first, wliilc in possession of insndicient
materials, I took Jt. viridvlans, <niadrifax*lat(i, variiihili«, and
Jlai'imana for varieties of the same species, and it is only later
that more abundant materials convinced me that they are actually
different, although closely allied, species. It is in conformity
with my former view that I have identified with li. riridiilnutt the
Ilerina metallica described and figured by v. d. AVnIp in the
Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, x, p. l')4. Tab. V, f. 10. If my
present separation of these spc-eies be correct, the oidy ones
which can be taken into consideration in interpreting Mr. v. d.
Wulp's species are ^. Jioscii, Jlavinmnn, auil perhaps JR. viirnnn.
B Itoxcii is so inaccurately deseril)ed by K. Desvoidy that its
identification is very difficult anyhow ; but as this sjjeeies is 3
lines long, that of v. d. Wulp only 1§, I consider their identity
as not probable. The assumption that my R iniranx is the
Eerina metallica of v. d. AVulp is contradicted by the very bril-
liant metallic-green coloring of the former. Moreover, v. d.
Wulp's figure does not show, at the basis of the first basal cell, the
dark coloring existing in R. micana, which coloring has the same
extent, although not the -ame intensity, as in R. ririduhin.^.
If the correctness of the figure of tlu! wing of Jlcrina im tallica
could be implicitly relied upon, its sjiccific diversity from R.
vxicans would be a matter of certainty. But in this case I
would have also to admit that //. mictatlica does not coincide
with any of the species of Rivellin Known to me, as the said
fif!;ure differs from those s])ecics, especially in the broad interval
between the first and swcond crossliands, which does not occur to
that extent in any of them. We are forced to assume, therefore,
tiiat the figure of the wing is only of an average correctness, and
to pay attention, in its interpretation, to the principal features

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[I'AllT III.

only. If the wunt of a durk coloring ut llio bubis of the lirdt
buHul cell li*t kimkIc'I i'Ut us u cliumctcrlHlic fcuturu, tliu NUppoisiiion
sugjrcsis it.M'lf tlml llio Hpccit-rt is idt-nlical with Ji. Jlunnitinn,
wliie'li also i»urlukt'.s of tliis flmmfirr; the sliorlening of tiie fubt
two crosrtliands, an well us tlio dutu couL'tTiiing the mIzu uiid col-
oring of //. miUillica, do not contradict hucIi an ussurnptidii ;
even tlio stati'njcnt altont the coloring of tlio feet could bo applicij
to unu.onaliy pale specimens of Vi. ^/ar/maxa, ulthongli 1 liuvj
ucvcr luvl with specimens of this degree of paleness. Hence,
it appears not improltable, although far from certain, that Uvrma
meluUka is identical with Ji. Jlaciinana.

6. R. ni Ivans n. up. 9 • — Sppciebu!^ prnecfdentibitfl tninnr, livte (Pneo-
Tiriilis, iiitiiia, pedibus otuuibuii lutui.-^, fuMviiit alarum fUKuu-iiigrin.

Sinnllcr tban Hie pn-ceding Hpecij-s, nietalllo-green, Rhiiiing; nil the feet
saturate-y^'llow ; tlie croH!<l)anila ou the wiiigd browuinh-biaok. Luii(;.
Corp. O.lli— (1.15 ; long. si. 0.13.

Not reaching the size of/?, variabih'sam] perceptibly smnllor
than the other preceding species ; of a metallic-green, briglit
and sliinin^ coloring. The front, the lateral stripes on the fiico
and the low "r part of the occiput of a reddish-yellow, seldom of
a brownish-red coloring; antenna), as far ns the basal third or
the middle of the third joint, reddish-yellow; beyond that,
lirown. The abdomen shows a diluted, half-pellucid, reddish
crossl)nnd at the place where the first and second segments arc
soldereil together; in some cases this band is wanting. Co.\ic
and feet saturate-yellow, the former sometimes more brownish-
yellow ; the tarsi, towards their tips, are strongly infuscated.
The picture of the wings, in its design, is not unlike that of
li. viridulans, but is rather browni>h-bIack than deep black ; tlic
dark crossbands are a little narrower, especially the first and
second, so that the hyaline interval between them is compara-
tively broader, almost erpial in breadth to the interval between
the second and third bands (in Ji. viridulans the first interval is
considerably narrower than the second); the first and secniid
crossbands stop about the middle of the interval between tlio
fourth and fifth longitudinal veins ; however, single specimens
occur in which they are .shorter; in other specimens they roach
very near the fifth vein ; the third band, towards its end, is per-
ceptibly narrowed. The second section of the fourth longitu-

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ORTALIDiE — RIVELLIA.

05

(linul vein is less arouuted tuwurds tliu hiiiuII crossvriii tliiiii in
Ji. ririiluluitH. The t'»ixic and Jct-t iiru durk-ycllow ; tlu- iiind
tibiiu, towards their end, jjrow gradually, but very slij,'hliy, nioro
L^l)wnl^^ll-yellow ; the tarsi, I'runi about ihu babis ut' llie third
joint, dark brown.

Jliih. Texas (IJelfrnge).

Obsi'rnition. — Tlie present ppeeies dilTers fro ..d the pre-
cedinj; ones i)y the more jnire and brilliant inetallic-jjreen eolop.
Varieties of J{. Jiaviniatin, with very pale feet, are nearest t<» if ;
hut such speeiniens have at least the hind tibiic, with the excep-
tion uf the extreme basis and the extreme tip, l)ro\\n. Moreover,
lliey dill'er from Ji. niirmis by the coloring of the first basal cell,
vliich is hardly perceptibly t inured with jrray at its extreme basis
only, while in the latter sjteeied it is infuseuted up to the last
third of the second basal cell.

1. R. pallida n. up. % 9. — (Tal). VIII, f. 8.) Flavo-testJii-eii,
RivHlIisB luicauti teqaalis, reliquisspecieiiUH luitiur, fuKuiitt alarum ni^ro-
f use id.

YellowiHh brick-red, of the size of R. niioans, but nTnnl1«>r tlian th« otlier
siwcifs ; tlie crossbnnds of tliu wings liiackish-browu. Long. lorp.
0.14— 0.15; long. nl. 0.13.

Yellowish brick-red. Head concolorons ; front more fcrrn-
pinous ; on each side with a narrow border of white pollen.
Antennaj of the same color with the remainder of the body, only
the third joint a little blackish at the extreme tip. One of my
specimens has the first two segments of the abdomen black at the
basis; but this color seems to have originated after death, l)eing
produced by the contents of the abd(»men. Ovipositor not darker,
or but a little darker, than the r<'st of the abdomen. Feet dark-
yellow ; last two, at the utmost last three, joints of the tarsi
brown. Knob of the halteres brown. The picture of the wings
reminds of that of JL Jlnvhnana, but instead of black it is
hlnckish-brown ; the costal cell is tinged with brown at the
spot only where the first crossband has its beginning, elsewhere
it is of a dingy yellowish ; the root of the first basal cell shows,
as in R. flavimana, no dark coloring ; the first and the second
crossbands usually reach very near the fifth longitudinal vein.
This species is easily recognized by its smaller size and lighter
coloring.

Hab. Washington, D. C. (Ostcn-Sackcn.)

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

aen. IV. STENOPTERIIVA Macq.

[part UI.

Charact. — Doili/ long and narrow.

JJetid aliuost like that of Oacus; front of a considerable and equal
brbadth, somewhat projecting in profile ; face somewhat exuavuti'd
in profile, perpemliculur towards the somewhat upturned anturidr
edge of the mouth, or but little projei-ting ; the shallow aulennul
foi,(E long and narrow, not distiiicll/ separated from the convex
middle portion of tho lace ; the lateral portions of the face very
narrow; cli/i>tiis very large; eyes large; cheeks not very broad;
occiput only moderately turgid.

Ariteumr: The first two joints >hort; the third narrow and very long,
generally reaching a littla below tho anterior edge of the mouth ;
arista apparently bare, or with a pubescence which is so short as
to be almost impeiceptible.

Thorax long and narrow ; the transverse suture runs across the whole
dorsum in the shape of a shallow depression; viewed laterally, tho
thorax appears remarkably attenuated towards its anterior end,
as the pectus is truncated obliquely in front; scutillum with four
bristles.

AhJomin remarkably narrow ; the first segment more or less prolonged
in the male.

Feet slender; the fore cox» very long, Inserted remarkably near the
coUum, and unusually movable at the point of insertion

Wi>i()s rather narrow ; stigma long and narrow ; small crossvein
oblique, inserted more or less beyond the mitldle of the long discal
cell ; second section of the fourth longitudinal vein straight; pos-
terior angle of the anal cell rounded ; the picture of the wings
consists chiefly in a rtark border of tiie costa, reaching from the
bafls of the stigma to the apex of the wing, and in the darker col-
oring of the entire anterior basal cell, to which, in most of the
species, is added a brown cloud along the posterior crossvein.

The groat uncortainty wliieli seems to have hitherto prevaiU'd
eonceniing the characters of the genus Steni}j)tcriua has induced
me to enter in more detail about them tlian about the olliur
genera. If my limitation of this gonus be correct, it will eon-
tain only species closely related in their plastic characters.
Their venation alone shows some differences ; some species hiivc
the third and fourth longitudinal veins convergent towards their
ends, the second longitudinal vein jterceptibly shorter, mure
distant from the costa, and mooting it at a loss acute aimlr:
other species show the opposite of all these characters. As far
as I can judge at present, the species of the former group seiiii
to belong principally to the old world.

OUTA LI U.K — STtN Ul'l EUIN A.

91

S. Benea Wied. ami brcripvs h\ may bo considered as the
types uf tlie genus.

1. S. caerulescens n. sp. % . — Viridi-chalybea, huinuria concolori-
Ims, thoracis dorso uiagis violiiceo, lialteiibus iiigiis, alarum liyaliiiaruiu
limbo costa'.i indo a veiiie auxiliaris apioo usiiue ail vt-nain (luarlaiii
pertiniMitH, cellulA basali prima et vi-iia) traiisver.-ialis po.-iteriori.s liiubo
fusco-nigrls.

Qrecnish-steelblnn, with concoloroua ImmtTl and the thoraoic dorsum
more violi't ; haltereK black; wings hyaline, a costal border, reaching
from the end of the auxiliary to the end of the fourth longitudinal
vein, the first basal cell an<l a border along the posterior crossveiu
brownish-black. Long. corp. 0.152— 0.31); long. al. 0.2ti — 0.31.

Of a Rroonish-stcelbhie colorinpr, wliich on the al)domon lias a
somewhat stronger admixture of green iind verges on violrt on
the tlioraeie dorsum; the iiiinieral ealiosities and the jthMiriC
have the same greenisii-I)hie eoior. Jliad darl<-yeil<tw, ahiiost-
hrownish-yeUow; elyjiens and jiaipi of the same eohjr ; front
strongly infuscated anteriorly, this eoh)ring having more or h'ss
extent; at the bottom of each of the fovea; a distinet brownish-
hhu'k h)ngitudinal btrenk ; first and second antennal joints, as
well as the root of the third, to a greater or lesser extent, dark-
yellow; tlie third joint, towards its end, lu'eoines inure and more
brown, even l)ro\\nish-bl!ick. The last abdominal segment is
only a little shorter than the p( lultiniate. The hairs on thorax
and abdon.en are whitish, with the exception of the few and
comparatively short bristles on the ]>osterior end of the thoracic
dorsum and of the four bristles of the scutellum. The coloring
of the coxae and feet is very variable, as that of the front and
of the antenna); the jialest specimens in my jxissession have
brownish-yellow coxie, more yellowish feet, with a dark metallic
streak, reflecting grccnish-blne, upon the anterior side of the
hind femora, and w-itii tarsi which are dark-ltrown towards the
tip; the darkest specimens in my collection ha.e metallic-l)lack
coxae, the femora almost black, with a bright metallic bluish-
green lustre, excepting the tips of all the femora, which are
brownish-red, and of the brownish-red basis of the middle ones;
til)i;c and tarsi dark brownish-red ; the latter, towards their end,
colored with brownish-black to a considerable extent, llalteres
hhiek, only the basis of their stem a little paler. Wings hyaline;
7 '

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98

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AKT III.

their brownish-black picture consists of a narrow border alnn-r
the anterior margin, wliich readies from the end of the auxiliurv
vein to that of the fourth longitudinal vein, in the darker eoloriiiif
of the first basal cell, which even crosses a little the small ertl^s-
vcin and in a narrow border along the posterior crossveiu.

IJab. Texas (Belfrage).

Observation 1. — The South American S. brevipes Fab. is dis-
tinguished from the present species by the ochre-yollow color ot'
the humeri and the ferruginous-yellowish color of the halteres.

Observation 2. — Hciina melallica Macq. (Dipt Exot. II, 3,
p. 208), from Mexico, is evidently no Hcrina at all, but a l<f> /--
opterina. It would seem possible, therefore, that Stenoptrrma
caerulescens is that very species. Many of the statements in
Macquart's description agree with S. caernU'Hcens. It must lie
borne in mind, however, that these statements refer for the iiin.>t
part to characters which a whole scries of Stenopterinae have in
common. The statement that the wings are yellowish is not
applicable to S. cservlesvens, and none of the varieties of this
species which are in my possession have the black feet mcntiom d
in Macquart's description of IJ. metallica. Nevertheless, I
would not have doubted this synonymy if I had nothing but
Macquart's description to consult. The figure of the wing, bow-
ever, which Macquart gives (1. c. Tab. XXIX, f. 2) sets this
supposition entirely aside, by showing an unusually broad durk
border along the anterior margin, by which Macquart's spctiis
differs conspicuously from S. caerulescens and similar spccius
with the ordinary narrow border of the anterior margin.

Gen. V. 1WISCH06A8TER Macq.

Charact, — Front of a considerable, rather equal, breadth; the anterior
ocellus rather distant from the twj c'hers.

Face excavated in profile, hardly projecting below.

Antennce rather long ; arista with a distinct pabescenc<i.

Wings narrowed towards the basis ; auxiliary and first longitudinal
veins closely approximated ; posterior angle of the anal cell
'ounded.

yl rfomen narrow, still more attenuated towards the basis; first seg-
ment beset with strong bristles ; ovipositor rather conical.

The characters, as given here, are very incomplete, nnd
require an entire revision. Unfortunately, I had no specimen at

ORTALID^ — MYRMECOMYIA.

99

hand for comparison, and was obliged to write from memory.
Tbe bristles on the first abdominal sef^nient, the distance inter-
vening between the anterior ocellus and the posterior ones, and
even the shape of the ovipositor remind very much of some
genera in the group of lUchardina, from which, however, il//.s-
chogaster is easily distinguished by the distinct bristles on the
first longitudinal vein and the unarmed femora.

The typical species of the genus is the Cephalia femnralis
Wied. No species from North America are as yet known.

Gen. VI. IUVRIWECOMYIA R. Dbsv.

Characl. — Bo()y slender, not unlike tiiat of an ant.

Head comparatively large ; occiput conspicuously stout behind the
vertex.

Front of a uniform, considerable breadth, very long and steep, so that
the antennae are below the middle of the head ; the very large
lateral stripes of the front have wrinkle-shaped cross impressions.

Antenvm reaching a little below the anterior edge of the mouth ;
arista with a rather short pube'^cence.

FroHt convex, not excavated in profile, but descending in an in-
clined plane ; clypeus of a moderate transverse diameter ; cheeki
rather broad.

Thorax somewhat narrowed anteriorly; scutdlum small, with two
bristles.

Abdomen very much attenuated at the basis ; the narrow first seg-
ment without bristles ; about its middle it is '\o coarctate that its
anterior portion assumes the shape of a knot.

Feet very slender.

Tegnla wanting; wincjs narrow, running into a point towards the
basis, so that the posterior angle of the wing and the alula are
wanting ; auxiliary and first longitudinal veins closely approxi-
mated ; the t^o posterior basal cells small ; the posterior angle of
the anal cell rather sharp.

The very peculiar structure of the head, the approximated
ocelli, the absence of bristles on the first abdominal segment and
its peculiar coarctation, sufficiently distinguish this genus from
Mischogasfer. The species upon which it was founded by II.
Pesvoidy are unfortunately unknown to me, so that I cannot
affirm with certainty whether the characters uo l„sed by me
upon the species described below would in all particulars apply
to them. Judging by his statements, however, it seems very
probable that the discrepancies are not important.

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100

DIPTFRA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[PAIiT III.

Myrmecomyia is not only very like Cephalia in appearance,
but closely allied to it in reality. However, they may be distin-
guished by the presence, in Cephalia, of a luesulhoracic bristle,
and by the absence of the coarctation of the first abdominal
scf^ment, peculiar to Myrmecomyia. The alulae and tegultu iu
Cephalia, although small, are nut wanting ; the posterior angle
of the wing, although very shallow, is likewise apparent.

1»I. myrmecoides LoEw. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 9.) Nigra, alarum
hyalinarum iinti basi et apice extreuio uigris.

Black ; wings hjaline, extreme root and apex black. Long. corp. 0.25 —
0.27 ; long. al. 0.21.

Syn. Cephalia mynwcoidcs LoEw, Wien. Eut. Monatschr. IV, p. 83.

Black, glossy. Head shining black, face and cheeks usually
brown. The very broad and long front, descending in a steep
slope, has a very narrow middle stripe of velvet black, wliicli
does not reach much beyond the middle of the front, but is con-
nected by a furrow with the frontal fissure ; the latter is not in
the shape of an arc, but of an angle. Ocelli approximated to
each other. The vertex bears two strong bristles, and on both
sides of them two shorter ones; moreover, far back of the ocelli
there are two small erect bristlets, while there are none in the
immediate vicinity of the ocelli. The conspicuously large lateral
parts of the front have irregular, wrinkle-like, transverse impres-
sions, and along the orbits a very narrow border of white pollen.
Antennae long and narrow, reaching to the anterior edge of the
mouth; the first two joints brownish-red, the third black; ari.-^ta
with a very short pubescence. Face convex, descending obliquely
in profile, but not excavated ; the anterior edge of the mouth
not drawn upwards ; antcnnal fovea3 indistinct ; the very narrow
lateral parts of the face with a thin white pollen. Eyes higher
than broad. Cheeks rather broad. Clypens projecting over
the anterior edge of the mouth, however its longitudinal diameter
does not equal its moderate transverse diameter; the rather
broad palpi blackish-brown. Thorax rather long and narrow,
broader in the region of the wings than before and behind.
Scutellum veiy small, convex, with two bristles. The motathorax
descends in an inclined plane, and is conspicuously long; the
pectus rises obliquely from the middle cox-^ towards the front

ORTALID^E — MYUMECOMYIA.

101

C0X8B. Thoracic dorsum with a thin gray bloom , the 'mpres-
sioDS indicating the lateral beginnings of the tra'isverse suture
are more densely pollinose ; the pleura;, above the middle coxae,
are clothed with a very dense white pollen. The shining blaek
abdomen is much narrower at its basis ; its first segment is
longer than each of the following ones ; about its middle it is
60 attenuated that its smaller anterior portion is knot-shaped,
the larger posterior portion funnel-shaped ; the last abdominal
segment is somewhat shorter than each of the two preceding
cues. The comparatively large hypopygiuni is usually pitch-
brownish, seldom blackish ; the first segment of the black ovi-
positor is flat and rather broad. Feet very slender; anterior
coxae yellow ; the four posterior coxae yellowish-red or chestnut-
brownish; all are clothed with white pollen. Front feet brownish-
yellow, with pitch-brown femora ; the tarsi, from the tip « f the
first joint, are blackish - brown ; the four posterior feet are
brownish-black; the knees, the extreme tip of the tibiae and the
root of the tarsi brownish brick-red ; in very pale-colored .speci-
mens the light coloring of the tarsi is nmch more extensive.
Halteres black. No tegulae. Wings hyaline, with delicate black
veins; the wings, towards the basis, are very much attenuated,
without any posterior angle and without alula; auxiliary vein
short, very much approximated to the first longitudinal vein ;
the latter rather stout, very gradually merging into the costa, so
that the stigma is narrow, linear ; .second longitudinal vein very
long and straight; the last section of the ihird longitudinal vein
gently inflected backwards, so that it strongly diverges from the
second longitudinal vein and ends in the extreme apex ; small
crossvein perpendicular, inserted but little beyond the middle of
the long discal cell ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal
vein rather straight, only very little convergent towards the
third; posterior crossvein straight; the two posterior bnsal colls
comparatively small ; the posterior angle of the anal coll rather
acute, but not pointed ; the sixth longitudinal vein rnthor short,
but reaching distinctly to the ninrgin. The picture of the wings
consists in an ohsonrntion of the extreme root and the extreme
tip; the first extends in the costal cell a little beyond the humoral
crossvein ; behind the first longitudinal vein, however, it roaches
as far as the posterior basal colls ; the obscuration of the apex
has its greatest breadth at the end of the first posterior cell ; it

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102

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMEIUCA.

[PAUT III.

hardly crosses the fourth loiigituUiiiul vein posteriorly ; anlcrioriy
it extends as a rapidly contracting border along the costa as I'ar
a» the cud of the second longitudinal vein, so that it Las rather
the shape of an apical spot than of an apical border.
JJab. Washiugtou, D. C. (Osteu-Sackeu.)

Third Section : Cepualina.
OeD. I. TRITOXA uuv. gen.

Charact. — Body slender ; abdomen narrow at the basis ; feet rather long,
front tibia before the end of the upper side with a stronger bristlet.
Hairs and bristles rather short ; thoracic dorsum with bristles
along the sides and upon its posterior margin only.

AttlentuB long and narrow ; the second joint short , arista with short
hairs. Face almost shield-shtped, with rather indistinct anteunal
foveau.

Palpi very broad; proboscis rather stout, mentum but little inflated.

Winyi cuneiform towards thebasi)*, with a very narrow alula; second
longitudinal vein not conspicuously arcuated ; third and fourth
irregular in their course, which causes the anterior basal cell to
expand before its end ; first longitudinal vcjin beset witli bristles
upon the greater TH)rtiou of its course ; crossveius approximated to
each other.

This genus contains reddish-brown and black species, with
dark wings, marked with three hyaline, oblique, more or loss
arcuated crossbauds.

1, T. flexa WiED. % 9 . — (Tab. VIII, f. 10.) Nigra, capite thoracpque
interdum fuscis ; alae nigrae, fasciis hyalinis valde angnstis secuntU et
tertia arcuatis, hac ab alse apioe late remold, vena transversa posteriore
eubnormali.

Black, head and thorax sometimes brown ; the wings black, with three
very narrow hyaline bands, the second and third of which are arcu-
ated ; the iRtter is rather remote from the apex of the wing ; posterior
orossvpin almost perpendioular. Long. corp. 0.24 — 0.28 ; long. al.
0.21—0.23.

St\. Tnip'-tft flfxn WiEDRMANS, Auss. Zweifl. 11. p. 483, 11.

Triipe.fa arcuata WAiiKER, Ins. Saunders, p. 383. Tab. VIII, t, 3.

Fully colored specimens are aUogpthor doop black ; in very
pale ppccimens, on the contrary, the whole head, the thora.x, and
the feet, the latter usually with the exception of the upper side
of the femora, are often brown ; vestiges of this color frequently

OttTALID^ — TPTT^rA.

103

oci'iir in a jrrcater or lesser measure on specimens the prevaillnfj
color of which is black. Most specimtMis have the greater part
of the front brown, some reildish-brown ; the usual coloring of
the antennae, also, is more brown than black, esjjecially towards
the basis. The pubescence of the arista is short, but distirct.
Tlie front has on both sides a very narrow, the face a broader,
border of white pollen; the face, also, is slightly boary with
wliite, which is not equally distinct iu all specimens, nor from all
points of view ; it is most perceptible around the antennce. The
rather indistinct pollen on the thoracic dorsum forujs two rather
broad parallel lines. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor
resembles in its nature the preceding abdominal segments, to
which it is closely applied ; it is clothed, like those segments,
with short, black hairs. The wings are strongly cuneiform
towards their basis, and towards their tip they are rounded in
such a manner that the extreme apex is much nearer the posi"-
rior than the anterior margin ; the second longitudinal vein is
slightly wavy upon the first two-thirds of its course ; its strongest
curvature is just above the small crossvein ; the latter is rather
oblique; the posterior crossvein, on the contrary, is steep, almost
perpendicular, slightly bisinuated in the shape of an 8. The
color of the wings is black; only very immature or faded speci-
mens have it brownish-black; the three usual crossbands have an
almost whitish tinge, and are very narrow; the first among them
is so oblique that it almost ci^.'vames the appearance of a longitu-
dinal stripe; it starts at the basis of the third posterior cell,
diverges gently and moderately from the fifth longitudinal vein,
becomes more and more attenuated and pointed, and ends already
some distance from the posterior margin ; the second pale cross-
band, which likewise has a very oblique position, begins at the
tip of the costal cell, just before the end of the auxiliary vein,
and runs to the posterior angle of the discal coll ; it is percep-
tibly more arcuated on its anterior than on its posterior portion ;
the third crossband, running from the anterior to the posterior
margin, likewise has a very oblique position, although less so
than the second ; between the posterior margin and the third
longitudinal vein its course is straight; from there to the anterior
margin it is more and more arcuated; the distance between the
third crossband and the apex of the wing is very large, as it
almost equals one-third of the length of the wing. In the imme-

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104

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

[PAKT I[f.

diate vicinity of the small crossvcin the coloring of the winir i>
more ferruginous-brown than l)laek, wliieh is especially perecptildc
by transmitted light; specimens also occur which have oiIilt
pale streaks in one or the other of the cells.

Hah. Northeru Wisconsin lliver (Iveuuicott) ; Illinois (II.
Shinier).'

Observation. — Wiedemann probably prepared his descri[)ti()ii
of Tri/pi-ta Jlexa from a very imperfectly colored specimen. ,\
drawing of the wing, which I prepared some twenty years ago
after an original specimen in the Berlin Museum, proves conclu-
sively that Tri/pefa fiexa is distinct from Trifo.ru incurva and
cuneata. The former is proved by the dark coloring at the tip
of the wing having a much greater e.xtent than in 2'. incurva,
and by the course of the third crossband in 2\ Jlexn, which is
not arcuated towards its end, but almost straight ; in T. cuneata
the difterent shape of the wing and the entirely distinct delinea-
tion of the crossbands altogether exclude the possibility of its
synonymy with 2'. Jiexa. The figure of the wing drawn by me
and above alluded to agrees with the present species so well that
I consider my opinion about the identitication of this species as
well founded. Should this not be th;^ case, then T. Jlexa Wied.
is a species which I do not possess. The statement of Wiede-
uiaiin, that the ovipositor of the ttmale is two jointed, rests upon
an error, which is easily explained away by the resemblance
of the first joint with the preceding abdominal segment. That
Walker's Triipcta arcuata is synonymous with the present spe-
cies is not in the least doubtful, although in the figure of the
head the arista is made too short and its pubescence too long.

2. T. inciITTa n. np. % 9- — (Tab. VIII, f. 12.) Badia, abdomine
nigro; alse fuscie, fasciis hyalinis modice angnstis, Hoound^ et terti^
arcaatis, hao ab a1» apioe minus late quam in speciebus reliquis remoti,
▼eni transversa posteriore obliqua.

Reddish che-stnnt-brown, with a black abdomen ; the wings brown, with

' Mr. H. Shimer, from Mt. Carroll, 111., informed me, in 18G5, that this
fly is very injurious to onion -plants, the lar^a oocnrrinct in the bnlb.
This fact has, since then, been mentioned in the Practical Entomologist. I,
p. 4 ; II, p. 64 (with flpures of laiTa and imapo) ; American Eiitomolo-
pist, II, p. 110. Specimens of Tritnxa incurva were found by Mr. Shinier,
together with T, Jlexa, and taken for a mere variety of that species.

0. S.

ORTALID.« — TRITOXA.

105

only moderately narrow hyaline bandu, the second and third of whiih
are arcuated ; the latter is less remote from the apex of the wiiii; tlian
iu the other 3p»'cies ; posterior crossveiu oblique. Long. corp. (K2') —
0.3; long. al. 0.22— 0.2(j.

Keddisli, chestnut -brown, with a black abdomen. Front
opaijue, with the exception of the edge of the vortex and of the
small callosities descending from it, and bearing the bristles ;
along the orbits the front has a narrow bolder of white pollen,
which also extends over the face, but is luch broader here. The
remainder of the face has a very thin, somewhat yellowish
pollen upon it, which is most perceptible in the proxinuty of the
antennae. Antenna; reddish - brown ; third joint darker brown
towards its end; pubescence of the arista short, but distinct.
The thoracic dorsum has a broad shining border upon its sides,
otherwise it is opaque. Its thin whitish pollen is a little more
perceptible than in T. Jlexa, and forms, as in that species, two
broad, parallel longitudinal stripes, the position of which corre-
sponds to that of the intervals between the ordinary thoracic
stripes ; upon the intermediate stripe between them the pollen
has a somewhat yellowish tinge, and is much more dense upon
the longitudinal line, which divides this stripe in two; well-
preserved specimens show the white pollen on the sides of the
thoracic dorsum also, while in less good specimens this is not
visible, and often very little of the pollen is left on the whole
surface. Scutellura, metanotura, and plenrje are shining, the
latter with a thin white bloom. Abdomen black or brownish-
black, with a black pubescence, sometimes chestnut-brown on the
sides of the first and second segments. The flattened first joint
of the ovipositor is of the sfime nature as the preceding seg-
ments of the abdomen ; it is very broadly truncated at the tip.
The feet have the same coloring as the thorax, often, however,
not only the upper side of the fore femora, the middle femora
towards their basis, and the hind femora, with the exception of
their last quarter, are more strongly infuscated, but also the fore
tibife towards their tip, as well as the entire fore tarsi ; '.he middle
tarsi, with the exception of their basis and the entire hind tibiae
and hind tarsi, are dark brown. Halteres yellowish. Wings
narrowed towards the basis, although not quite as cuneiform as
in T. jlexa, the portion lying beyond the sixth longitiidinnl vein
not being quite as narrow as in that species ; the end of the wing

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERrCA.

[I'ART III.

is rounded in such a lUttiiiM^r tlmt tlio apex is etiuidistunt from
the unti'rior and the posterior margins ; llie second luiijritudinal
vein, tlie course of wliieh is rather wavy, has its stron^^'st sinu-
osity only littlti beyond the Hinali crussvein ; the anterior end of
the latter is nearer to the root of the wing than its po.ncrior oiui,
BO that its position is entirely oblique ; tlie post-rior iiossvin
is ol>li(iue in the opposite direction, as its anterior end is ncunr
to the apex of tlie wing than the posterior. The coloring of tl.o
surface of the wing is a brown of unecpud intensity ; the des'ga
consists of the three hyaline l)ands usual in this genus; the por-
tion of the surface of the wing b«'yond the third band is daik
brown, with a large yellowish-l)rown sjjot, which leaves in tlio
Bubniarginal cell only a dark brown border along the margin of
the wing, and, so far as it extends in this cell, also soniewlmt
crosses the third longitudinal vein ; the interval between tlio
second and third bands, which has the shape of a crossbund, i.s
yellowish-brown, margined with dark brown on each side, and
also dark brown at the end ; the interval between the second
and first crossbands is dark brown, with a large yell()wisli-l)rowa
spot, which fills up the basis of the sulnnarginal cell, and, to a
great extent, that of the first basal cell, so that in tin* fornuT
almost nothing is left of the dark brown color, in the latter only
a border ; the root of the wing is tinged with yollowisli-brown
as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein ; towards the
place of insertion of the wing, however, the dark brown color
aj)pears again ; the posterior angle of the wing, lying Itehind
the first crossband, is only tinged with gray. The hyaline
crossl)ands are distinctly broader than in T. Jitxa, and the lust
of them is much nearer the apex, so that the dark coloring of
the latter assumes the shape of a broad crossband. The first
hyaline crossband is so oblique that it almost assumes the
appearance of a longitudinal stripe; it starts, as in T. ftcra,
from the basis of the third posterior cell, but is broader tiian in
that species, and does not diverge from the fifth vein; gradually
beconnng niore pointed, it ends some distance from the margin
of the wing, and differs but little in intensity of coloring from
the gray posterior angle of the wing ; the second pale crossband,
which has a very oblique position and is only gently curved, runs
from the tip of the costal cell to the posterior corner of the diseal
cell ; however, the lip of the costal cell itself is hyaline to a

ORTALIDA: — TIUTOXA.

lOT

T<>ry srniill oxtciit only, ho tliut tlii! (Tossbuiid apjiciirs soiiii-wimt
al)l)ioviuteel lu-ur thu untorior niuij^in of tlii' win;: ; llic tliinl
liyaliiiu crussbuiid, wliicli is almost us ol)luiiiu as (lii> srciMid, is
ujuif curved upon its posterior thuu upon its unterior portion.
JJub. llliuois (Dr. Sohimer).'

8tT.Cuneatau.Rp. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 11.) Rulo-lmiiia, nlxlo.
uiinu iiigro; alse fuHi-ae, fasuiarutu liyaliiiuruiu Hfuuudu ubli^uu et luvid-
siiue aiouuta, tertiH aubiiuruiiili ut ruuta.

Be<l<liHh cbustnut-brown, with a black ab<loni«n ; wiiigt« brown, their
eecond hyaline crussband ubIiquH and only gently curvcil ; tin* tbiid
almust perpeudivular aud straight. Long. uorp. 0.23 — 0.25; lung. al.
0.21—0.22.

Uoddish eliestimt-brown, with a hlack nljdoiiien. Front
opiuiue, however, witli the e.Neeption of the edjfe of tin- vertex uiid
of tiie two callosities, descending from it, and bearing the strong
frontal bristles, of a rather reddish coloring; with a very narrow
border of white pollen near the orbit ; this border also extends
over tlie face, but is not very perceptible here. The remainder
of the face is covered with a very delieato whitish pollen, which
is mure perceptible near the antenna) only. The tiiird antennal
joint, wi'.h the exce])tion of its basis, brown; arista with a very
short, yet distinctly perceptible, imbescenee. Thoracic dorsum
ui)on its sides with a broad shining border, otherwise opacpio ;
the rather whitish pollen which covers it is very distinct i'l well-
jireserved specin»ens, but even in such specimens it does not form
any distinct longitudinal stripes. Scutellum, metathurax, and
pk'uriB shining, the latter with a white bloom. Abdumcn black
or i)rowinsh-ljlack, with a black pubescence, usually reddish
chestnut-brown upon the sides of the lu\st and second segments.
The feet are of the color of the thorax ; the fore tarsi usually alto-
gL'ther dark brown ; the middle and hind tarsi towards their end
daik-hrown to a great extent. Ilalteres yellowish-white. "Wings
conii)aratively narrower than in 2\ iucurca, attenuated to a rather
cuneiform shape towanls their basis; second longitudinal vein only
slijiiitly wavy ; the small crossvein very steej), almost jjcrpen-
dicular; the posterior crossvein obliijue, its anterior end some-
what nearer the apex of the wing, so that the posterior angle of

' rriVwra tnciin-a occurs together with T.flexa, bo tliat Dr. Scbiiner, wlio
Runt me sptiuiumus of both, took it for a luero variety of his ouion-jli/. — O. S.

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108

Ml'TEIIA OF NciUTir AMKIIICA.

[I'AUT III.

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the (liscal coll is a litllo larger lliiiii ii recta iijrio. Tlic colon ii>r ..f
the siirracc of tliu wing is an uneven i>ro\vn ; the (Icsign is roriiinj
of till! usnul thriio hyaline crossliands, the lirsl of which, hitwevcr,
is but lilde apparent. Tiic portion of the surface of the wing
lying heyontl the last hyaline crossljund is rather dark-lirown,
more l)ro\vnish-yello\v towards the anterior more grnyish-l)rowii
towards the posterior margin; the interval lictween tin' thinl
and second bands is (lark-i)rown below the fourth longitudinal
Vein, above it, yellowinh-lirown with dark-brown borders; the
latter are broader, even sometimes coalesccnt, within the snli-
margiiial cell; the interval between the Hecnnd and the fnst
liyalini! crossbands is dark-brown, its inner portion more yellow-
isli-l)rown ; the basis of the wing yellnwish-brown ; lieyond the
fifth longitudinal vein the brown c((loring still continues, but soon
verges on grayish. TIm; first crossbaiid has the same pr)siti(>iias
in the preceding species; only it is broader, less attenuated, and
much shorter; its outline can be plainly visible only when the
surface of the wing is viewed in an oblicpK- direction ; the second
pale crossband, which is very oblicpie, begins below the tip of
the costal cell, in the marginal cell, and reaches as far as the
fifth longitudinal vein, which it touches already before the jMiste-
rior corner of the discal cell; this band is but little curved; about
its middle, it i.^ more or less expanded in the shape of an angle,
in consequence of its margin (the one nearest to the apex of the
wing), between tlu! third and fourth lonj'itudinal veins, not run-
ning in the direction of the band itself, but being more or less
perpendicular to the axis of the wing; the third hyaline bainl,
running at some distance from the apex of the wing, is very
steep, but by no means entirely perpendicular, and somewhat
broader anteriorly than posteriorly; it begins at the anterior
margin and completely or almost completely reaches the posteriur
one. ,

Uab. Nebraska (Dr. Ilayden).

Gen. II. CA9IPTONEURA Macq.

Charart. — Body slender, feet rather long ; the hairs very short every-
where ; the thorax with bristles on the lateral ami posterior margins
only.
Antenna' long and narrow ; tlio second joint pliort. Face almost shielil-
sbaped, convex, with rather indistinct foveas. '

.-\''>;

\'-.',

ORTALin^E — CAMI'ToNKrilA.

109

Pitfl>i v«ry broftd. I'lobiwciii rfttluT Btout, with a but tiKub'ratHly
tuigiil luuntuiu.

WiHiji bruad, tlrrtt lun^^itmliiial vuiii provbltnl, to n grHat ttxtttiit, witli
britttluri; HHuoml lui^itmliiml vein aruiiiittfil in a very Htrikiiig
mauiier; anal ci-ll ruumleil at tiie tip; tliu anterior margin of tlio
wingrt, at tbn t-nil o( th« auxiliary vein, ban a uLalluw, but very
«trikiug excidiou.

1. C. picta Pabh. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. n.) n.iilia, nb-lomlnt* nlLtro;
aiw hik^i'o-ruMcio, niaonlis oostaliburt binirt tiigonis. binisiiue giitii-4 ili-<-
coiilaliliits, luarginiit (leni(|ue postici luaoulik tri^onii ut utriija obliijuti
hyaliniit, angulo poistiuu et alulii oinerasuentibui.

Chj-stmii-lirownirfh with a blaok abiloinen ; the winifs blnokinh-brown;
two triangular Hpotrf on tlie anterior margin, two ilot.t on tlu* nii<l<lle of
tite wing, a trianj^ulcir spot an<l an oi>liipie Htrnuk beginning at tliu
posterior margin, liyaline; ])osteriur corner and alula grayish. Long.
Corp. 0.25; cum terebri 0.32—0.34; long. al. 0.22— (i.25.

Btn. Mii.tra iiirta FxnRiciua, Ent. Syst. IV, p. 355, 175.
Liclyii piitii Fabkicius, Syst. Antl. p 330, 18.
Tiphritiii conica Fabbuios, Syst. Antl. p. 'MS, 10,
Tr/iiietn pictd Wied. Auss. Zweill. If, p. 4S0, 20.
Dtlphinia thniai-icti R. DRflVoinv, Myod. p. 720, 1.
Cami'Umeura pirla Macq. Dipt, lixot. II, 3, p. 20l. Tab. XXVII, f. 4.
Tri/iiela picta Walk. List, IV, p. 1041.

Head and thorax chcstnnt-bfowiiish or rcdilisli clicstnut-lMvnvn ;
thoracic dorsum soinctimcs darker brown; ulxlonien always Idack
or brownish-black. Front opacnie, usually more ferruyiiioii.s-red
than orange-rod, somotimes darker, with a very narrow border of
white pollen along the orbits ; this border also extends owv the
face, but although broader here, it is less distinct, or at least
more perceptible only a little distance below the aiiteniue. Tlio
remainder of the face is a little pollinoso in the vicinity of the
enncB only. The third antennal joint is usually stronu;Iy in-
fu.-cated, with ilic exception of its basis. Thoracic dorsum with a
grayish-whito pollen, which does not form any distinct stripes,
\^hile the ground color of the broad intermediate stripe is often
darker than its surroundings, so that it beconies distinctly visil)lo.
Feet yellowish-brown, tarsi strongly infuscated towards their tip.
Halteres whitish-yellow. Wings comi)aratively large and broad
with a rather strongly projecting posterior angle, and a rather
narrow alula; at the anterior margin there is an excision, which
is very conspicuous, although it forms only au obtuse angle ; it is

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110

^IPTERA OP NOUTII AMERICA.

[part 111.

1* U' m'-;

caused by considerable sinuous expansion of the costal cell ; the
second Inngitudiiial vein is very eonsi)icuousIy arcuated ; the two
crossveiiis are rather approximated and perpendicular, the poste-
rior one siiiiicwhat curved ; the posterior auj^le of the diseal etll
is acute. The coloring of the winjrs is blaekisli-brovvn, nioi'o
yellowi.sli-browu near the root, grayi.sh in the posterior an;::lc ; mi
the anterior margin there are two triangular hyaline spots, which
attain the third longitudinal vein more or less completely with
their very sharp points ; tlie first of these spots covers, near its
anterior end, the tip of the costal cell and the basis of the stigma,
while the second is immediately beyond the stigma; the dark
crossband between these two spots is tinged with brownish-yel-
low inside of the marginal cell, with the exception of a brown
border, wliieli becomes narrower towards the first longitudinal
vein. Tlie stigma, towards its end, gradually assumes the sumo
brownish-yellow coloring, so that the first hyaline spot has no
well-defined limit within it. TTpon the middle of the wing there
are two hyaline drops, elongated in a direction perpendicular to
the axis of the wing; the one is in the diseal cell, somewhat this
side of the small crossvein, the other in the first posterior cell,
over the posterior crossvein. On the posterior margin of the
wing, in the second posterior cell, there is a triangular spot, con-
cave towards the apex of the wing, convex on the other sitle,
which is near the posterior crossvein and separated by a narrow,
brownish border from It. The sharp point of this spot is directed
towards the dot in the first posterior cell, and is often connoctt'd
with it, while, in other specimens, it does not even reach the
fourth posterior vein. Near the basis of the wing there is a
narrow, oblique, hyaline streak, beginning in the first basal cell,
crossing the end of the second basal cell and entering the third
posterior cell ; here it runs along the sixth longitudinal vein and
thus reaches the margin of the wing, where it becomes a little
grayish.

Ilab. United States, common.

Ohscrvafion. — The description which Fabricius gives of liis
Miiscajncta in the Entonwlogia Si/Kfcmatica might suggest doubts
as to its identity with the above described species, doubts, Imu-
cver, which I hold to be without foundation. First of all, it is
certain that "Wiedemann's Tnjpeta picta is identical with owr
species; his description, as well as the types of his collection,

V -'MP

>^f!

ORTAIilD^ — DTACEITA.

Ill

pnivps it conclusively. Not less certain, according to inj' opinion,
is tlie fact lliiit Wiedemann s Tri/peta pivta and the 'fephriliti
conica of Fabrieius's Systeina Antliatoruin are synonyms.
What Wiedemann says about the feet of his Trypeta pida deiirlv
proves tliat he had examined the type in Fabrieius's collection ;
moreover, Fabrieius's description contains nothing to render this
identilicatioo of Tephritis conira doubtful. In the preface to his
fu'st volume, Wiedemann gives a large number of synonymic and
systematic emendations, the result of the examination of Fabri-
eius's collection, undertaken by him; among them we find the
statement that Tephritis conica and Dicti/a j)kla are the same
species. But as Dicti/a pivta of the Systema Antliatoruin is
nothing else but the Mut^ca pivta of the Entomologia Systema-
tica, the synonymy of Musca pivta F. with Trypcia piria Wied.
and the above described Gamptonvura jnvta seems to be sutlici-
ently established. The correctness of this view seems coidirmed
by the fact, that Muitca pivta F. was described from a North
American specimen, and that hitherto, besides Camploneura
pivta, which has a wide range and is a common species, no other
North American species is known which might come iu conflict
with it.

Gen. III. DIACRITA Oerst.

Charact. — Body rather rolmst. Pubescence everywhere very short ; tlior?';^
with some bristles upon the posterior and latcrat iiiarains only.
AnteniKE of uiedium length; the oval third joint longer than tlie only
moilerately sized second joint. The face, retreating above between
the rather short antennal foveae, and obtu.sely carinate ; below, it
is again projecting and convex.
Piilpi rather large, tnentum swollen.

Wlnfis narrow and long, the first longitudinal vein bristly at its end
only; the third and fourth longitudinal veins converging towards
the end; posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a very long
point.

This genns contains brown or brownish-yellow species, rather
opaque on account of the pollen which covers them ; the thorn x
is usually spotted with black ; the wings, on the anterior margin
and the apex, have a broad black border.

1. D. costalis GIrrst. % .—(Tab. VIII, f. 14.) Fusca, poUine cinereo
aspersa. thoracis inac'ilis nigris ante snturani n«x, pone suturani duabns,
biuisque minutissiinid utrinque adjectis.

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112

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

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Almost chocolate-brown, with a grayish pollen; thoracic dorsum with six
black spots before the suture and with two beyond it, to whiL-h ar«
added on each side two very small dots. Long. corp. 0.32; long. ul.
0.:i7.

Syn. Diacrila costalis Gebst. Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. xxi, p. 197. Tab. II.

Almost chocolate-brown, covered with a whitish-gray polk-u
and opaque. Head dark-yellow, the upper part of the ueciput
generally brownish-yellow; the broad front, in the vicinity of the
ocelli and in front of these, more reddish-yellow ; on both sides,
near the orbit, there is a rather hirge, shallow impression, covered
with white pollen ; on tiie anterior end of the front there is a
small triangular spot, covered with snow-white pollen. Inniie-
diately below each of these spots, upon the face, there is a velvet-
black round spot, contiguous with the orl>it, and ininiedititely
below the latter a spot covered with snow-white pollen. The
upi)er part of the face, which is carinatc and retreating, has, on
each side, a transverse spot, clothed with white pollen. In tlic
same way, the posterior orbit of the eyes has a pollinose white
border, which also extends over the cheeks in the shapi; of a
stri[)e. The antennae are almost ochre-yellow, their third joint
elongated-oval ; the basal joint of the arista is so short as to he
almost imperceptible; the second joint is comparatively long, both
dark ochre-yellow; the third joint is blackish, with the exception
of its extreme basis ; in the vicinity of the basis, it is as stout as
the first two joints, more attenuated afterwards, and clothed with
an extremely short pul)escence. The humeral callosities are
brownish-yellow, and rather shining ; thoracic dorsum marked
with moderately large, ronnded-oval, brownish-black spots ; before
the region of the transverse suture there are six of them, arranjrcd
in two regular transverse rows; beyond this region there are
two approximated spots, the interval of which is equal to that
between the spots of the first two rows; moreover, behind the
region of the suture, on each side, may be noticed two very small,
almost punctiform dots, placed one behind the other; of tho-o,
the anterior one is situated before, the posterior one at an equal
distance behind the last two of the larger spots. The coloring
of the convex scutellum, which is l)eset with four, not very long
bristles, approaches the ehestnnt-red. The feet are concolorous
with the remainder of the body ; an admixture of yellow is per-
ceptible on the first joint of the tarsi only. Halteres whitish-

■'^l

■'^m

ORTALID/E — UIACUIXA.

1:8

yellow. Wings comparatively long and narrow, of a very equal
breadth, in iLio iiiiddlo only a little broader than at the basisj and
at the apex; stigma strikingly long; the third longitudinal ^■ein
gLiitly eurved baekwards towards the tip, and hei.ce, the .subuiar-
ginul cell very much expanded towards its end ; the cro.ssveins
very distant from each other; the fourth longitudinal vein,
towards its end, gently bent forward, and hence, the first poste-
rior cell narrowed towards its end ; the posterior anglo of the
anal cell is drawn out in a narrow lobe, which is consideraI)ly
longer than the cell itself. The surface of the wing is bright,
sliining, hyaline, upon its posterior half only with a weak trace
of a grayish-brown tinge. The design on the wing consists of a
broad, black, or blackish-ln'own border of the costal margin and
of the apex; the po.stei'inr limit of this border runs, at the basis
of the wing, along the liflh longitudinal vein ; at the I)asis of the
discal cell, it suddenly turns towards the fourth l';ngitudinal
vein, and, after running alongside of it for a short distance, it
turns suddenly towards the third longi'udinal vein, alongside of
which it runs as far as a little beyond the small crossvein, here,
just opposite the end of the first longitudinal vein, it abruptly
turns towards the second longitudinal vein, leaves open a snuUl
segment of a circle just above it, returns towards the second vein,
follows it for some distance, and, abruptly turning again, crosses
the submarginal and lirst posterior cells, turning towards the
apex in the vicinity of the fourth vein, alongside of which it
reaches the margin. This border is pereeptil)ly broader at the
tip than along the anterior margin, and can therefore also bo
descriljed as a large spot, entirely confluent with the border along
the anterior margin. Inside of the dark anterior border, there
are three small, almost hyaline spots ; the first lies at the end of
the second l)asal cell, the second, almost cuneiform, is in the
marginal cell, before the origin of the third longitudinal vein, the
third at the extreme tip of the costal cell ; in the marginal cell,
beyond the end of the first longitudinal vein, between the small
hyaline spot in the shape of a segment of a circle and the costa,
there is a spot, tinged with yellowish-brown ; the broad l)lack
border along the apex is sometimes a little diluted in its middle.
If<il). Mexico (Germar).

OhKci'valion. — In the register of the second part of Wiedc-
luaau's Aussereur. Zwoifl. Insecteu, there is a Platydumacoslalis,
8

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114 DlI'TEllA OF NOKTU AMERICA. [I'AUT III.

which is not described in the work itself. AViedeniaun's collec-
tion proves that this species is identical with the present one.

3. D. aeniula n. sp. J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 15.) Lutea, thoracis dorso
fusco, luaculis nigris ante sutnram qiiatuor, pone suturani nullis.

Clay-yi'llow, dorsum of the thorax brown, with four browu spots btfoio
the transverse suture and none beyond it. Long. corp. 0.25; cuii>.
terebra 0.3(J ; long. al. C.31.

Very like the preceding in all plastic characters. Almost more
ochre-yellow than cla^'-yellow, the thoracic dorsum alone strongly
iiifuscated. T'.e front, as in 1). coftali.^, has on each side, iiciir
the orbit, a shallow impression, clothed with white pollen ; bthnv
it is a round, velvet-black spot, and iuiniediately below the latter
again a si)ot of snow-white pollen, only the black spot is snuilkr
than in the preceding species; also the two snow-white transverse
spots on the upper part of the face are ajjpareiit, as in I), coiilalit!.
On the thoracic dorsum there are not six, l)ut only four roimdid
oval velvet-black spots before the transverse suture, which corre-
spond to the outward ones of the preceding species ; there is no
trace of black spots on the other side of the suture. The scutil-
lum is convex and has four bristles ; the large first segnuMit of
the flattened ovipositor is brownish-yellow, long, only moderately
attenuated towards its end. Feet of the same coloring with tlie
remainder of the body; the tarsi only moderately infuscjited
towards their end. Ilalteres whitish-yellow. Wings of the same
shape as in D. costalis, only less long, especially their second
lialf less elongate, so that the small crossvein is somewhat nearer
the tip of the wing than in D. costalis, and that the last section
of the longitudinal veins, ending in the apex of the wing, is
shorter ; otherwise the venation almost entirely agrees with that
of D. costalis. The surface of the wing is hyaline ; its posterior
half strongly tinged with a smoky -brownish. The brownish-black
design resembles that of the preceding species, differs, however,
from it by the dark border along the ai>ex being much narrower;
the posterior limit of the border along the oosta is also siniihir
to that in the preceding species, l)ut not quite identical ; especially
where, in D. costalis, this limit crosses the second longitudinal
vein and leaves on the other side a hyaline segment of a circle;
instead of the latter there is here only an iiidisiinct paler dot and
between this and the costa no s])ot of a paler coloring ; the iLroe

I,V

1 '

ORTALlDiE — IDANA.

115

hyaline dots, contained within the black border of the costa, are
much less clear in the present species, especially the first and the
third among them.
Hab. California (Agassiz).

G«n. IV. IDAIVA nov. gen.

Charact, — Body robust. Hairs very short everywhere ; thorax with
bristles on ita posterior and lateral borders only.

Antenna: of medium size; third joint oval, but little longer than
the rather large second joint. Face obtusely cariuate between the
very long anteunal fovea.

P'llpi of moderate size ; the nicntum moderately turgid.

Wings narrow and very long; first longitudinal vein towards its end
provided with bristles to a considerable extent ; third and fourth
longitudinal veins converging towards their end; anal cell not
drawn out in the shape of a lobe.

This genus contains conspicuous pollinose species ; their thorax
is marked with distinct black stripes and the abdomen banded
with black, the design of the wings not unlike the genus Ftero-
poecila, while the general shape of the body reminds of the true
species of Ortalis.

1. I. marginata Say. J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 16.) Alse colore fusco-
nigro et luteo pulchre variegatse, imk cellulae marginalis basi, trieute
apicali cellulae basalis priiuae, cellulisque posterioribus duabus primis
prseter veuarum limbos pure hyalinis, angulo postico et cellula poste-
riore tertia fere tot4 ciuereo-hyalinis.

The wings with a handsome brownish-black and brownish-yellow picture;
the extreme basis of the marginal cell, the last third of the first basal
cell, as well as the first two posterior cells, pure hyaline, with the excep-
tion of the borders of the veins, inclosing them; the posterior angle
and the greater part of the third posterior cell grayish hyaline. Long.
Corp. 0.34 ; cum terebrS. 0.45 ; long. al. 0.4<3 lin.

Sys. Ortalis marginata Sat, Journ. Acad. Phila. VI, p. 183, 2.

Head reddish-yellow. Front orange-yellow, opaque, with the
exception of the immediate pro.ximity of the ocelli and of the two
little callosities, descending from the vertex and bearing the
frontal bristles; the sides more orango-red, usually infuscated
above the antennae; on each side a rather narrow border of yel-
lowish pollen. Antennae of medium len^'-th; the first two joints
of the coloring of the head; the second rather large; the third
almost orauge-yellow, of an oval shape, and but little longer than

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DII'TEllA OF NOIITII AMKUICA.

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the second; iirista of nu'diuiu loiigth, with a short, hut, (listinct
pubusceiice. The vortical diameter of the eyes mure than twice
the leiigtii of the horizontal one. Face with very deep and l(iii>>:
antennal foveie, which run down in a perpendicular directiun;
their hottoni is tinged with brownish-black. The face, between
the foveie, is strongly, the lower part sharply "arinate, and tlial
in such a manner that in j)rofde the face runs down pirpendicu-
larly and in a straight line. Cheeks broad; at the lower coiinr
of the eye with an infuscated spot. Oral opening rather huge,
somewhat drawn up above, so that the strongly developcil,
although transversely narrow, elypeus, projects a great dial
beyond the peristomiuui. The reddish-yellow palpi rather large,
broader towards the end; tlie brown proboscis of medium stmu-
liess and the reddish-yellow chin only moderately swollen. The
whole occiput is strongly and evenly convex. Thora.x compara-
tively stout, but not strongly convex, distinctly narrowed aiitr-
riorly. Thoracic dorsum with a very dense, almost oclire-yeiliiw
dust, and with wcU-delined black longitudinal stripes; lateral
border, and usually also the anterior one, chestnut-brownish or
more chestnut-red ; the intermediate stripe, running at an eimal
breadth from the anterior to the posterior border, is divided in
two halves by a strii)e-shaped intermediate line, which is of the
same breadth with both halves of the intermediate stripe itself;
the lateral stripes, which are but very little abbreviated anteriorly
and posteriorly, are crossed by the yellowish-iiollinose transverse
suture; their posterior part moreover has alongside of it a black
longitudinal stripe, which is not distinctly separated from the
anterior part of the lateral stripe. I'leurai chestnut-brownish,
about their middle with a broad longitudinal stripe, which is
clothed with pale ochre-yellowish pollen and gradually disai)pears
posteriorly. Scutellum brownish-yellow. Abdomen black, but
little shining, more or less chestnut-reddish at the extreme basis
and on the sides of the first two segments ; the second and each
of the following segments have a crossband, of a dingy ochre-yul-
low, very thickly laid dust, occupying almost the whole of their
anterior half, and narrowed on each aide. The first segmejit of
the ovipositor is black, flat, broad, nevertheless strongly attenuated
towards its end. Feet brownish-yellow, tarsi strongly, but
gradually infuscated towards the end. Haltercs yellowish. The
wings strikingly elongated, of a comparatively small and rather

[,\X

■• 'i

ORTALID.E — IDAVA.

in

equal breadth ; stij^ma ratlior long Imt not l)roa(l ; tlie crossveins
fiir<listaiit fritin cacli other; tlie pnsUTior cnissvcin ratlier uldique,
its aiitrrior eiiil nearer the apex of the wing than the posUirior
cikI ; lonrtii longitiidiinil vein strongly bent forward towards the
end ; tlie first posterior cell eonsiderably narrowed in coiisetpienoo
towards the apex ; jtosterior angle of tlu; anal cell pointed, but
not dravNMi out in the shape of a lobe. The picture of the witigs
consists, ns to cidor, of brownish-black and brownish-yellow and
some hyaline cells of a peculiar shape. The root of the wiiig.'^ is
yellow, a.s far as the origin of the third longitudinal vein; the
extreme basis, however, is strongly infiiscated ; there is a rather
dark-brown crossband in the region of the humeral crossvein, and
the basis of the marginal cell is hyaline. A dark-brown color
follows next, the first portion of which forms a curved crossband,
reaching Itackwards as far as the posterior l)asal crossvein; ante-
riorly it is prolonged in the marginal cell, as far as the end of the
first longitudinal vein, where it stt)i)s short abruptly. After sonic
interrujjtion, the brownish-black color forms a broad border of the
anterior margin, beginning somewliat aliove the posterior cross-
vein, which does not only occupy the whole bri'adth of the margi-
nal cell, but also encroaches on the subniarginal cell, follows the
apex of the wing at ' the fourth longitudinal vein as far as the
small crossvein and also covers the latter; posteriorly, it not only
runs along the posterior crossvein and extends over the end of
the discal cell, but follows also some distance along the end of the
fifth longitudinal vein, upon its posterior side; the third longitu-
dinal ve>:i is bordered with browiiisli-l)lack upon its whole length.
The portions of the marginal, sul)niarginal and discal cells, free
from the bro\vnish-i)laek color, are tinged with brownish-yellow;
the first basal cell, as 'veil as the first two posterior cells, are
hyaline. The alula, as wcdl as the anal angle of the wing and the
adjoining portion of the third posterior cell, is grayish-hyaline,
with a tinge of yellow; the posterior side of the fifth longitudinal
vein has a brownish-yellow border, the middle of the third poste-
rior coll is rather pure hyaline, only more grayish towards the
posterior margin of the wing.
Hab. Virginia, Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken).

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118

DIPTKHA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

Fourth Section: Ortalina.

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Gen. I. AUTOMOL4 gen. no7.

Charaet. — Front broad, very lumh narrowed anteriorly. Eyes ratlit;r
large, slightly protruding, irregularly rounded. Facu in prolile
somewhat concave, obtusely carinute between the distinut anteiiual
fove». The anterior edge of the mouth very much drawn ui)war(U,
BO that the rather strongly developed clypeus projects cousi<k-ral)iy
beyond it. Cheeks broad.

Antunnve reaching beyond the middle of the face; the fir:st two joints
short ; the narrow third joint more than twice as long as the tir.-t
two taken together, rounded at the end ; antenual arista tliiu,
slightly stronger at the basis only, with a very short pubescence.

Thoracic dorsum not bristly on its middle, before the region of the
transverse suture. The tibiffi, before the end of their upper side,
with a prseapical bristle.

Thejirst longitudinal vein bristly before its end ; the auxiliary vein
very much approximated to it ; the costa more or less incrassateil
beyond the end of the first longitudinal vein ; the third and fourth
longitudinal veins parallel towards their end ; the crossveins not
approximated ; the second basal oell and the anal cell compara-
tively rather small, the latter rounded at the end ; the sixth longi-
tudinal vein complete, but remarkably shoit, and hence, the anal
angle of the wing very small; alula comparatively large.

The genus Automola contains unmetallic species. The picture
of their wings generally consists in bhick spots upon the root of
tiie wings and three black crossbands, the first of which is only
at a short distance from the basis, while the second runs over the
posterior crossvein and the third lies between the second and the
ape.x of the wing; these bands being more or less incomplete, ur
the second and third expanding or even coalescing into one large
spot, give rise to different modifications of the design of the wings.

Ortalis atomaria Wied. and trijanciata Wied. from Brazil,
may be considered as the types of the genus. !North Araerieau
species have not been discovered yet.

I have already had occasion to mention in the Introduction
that Automola, on account of the pneajjical bristles on the tibia),
which distinguish it from the other genera, is not very well
placed in the family of Ortalidae.

^:l!vi %

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OIITALID.E — TETAN0P8.

Gen. II. TETA.\'OPS Fall.

119

Charact. — Fron/ of a considerable ami uni form breadth. Eyes ronnded-
oval, or oviil. Face Htroiigly projecting in profile, mure or [fus
retreating below. Clypeiia small, but projecting beyomi the ed>^e
of tlte mouth. Oral opening comparatively small ; proboscis but
little incrassated.

The hairs and brixtlea on the body remarkably short, especially the
bristles of the prothorax much smaller than in any otiier genus
among tiie Ortulina ; thoracic dorsum upou its middle only poste-
riorly with a few bristles.

Antennas short, sometimes strikingly short; third joint oval, longer
than the second.

First longitudinal vfin bristly towards its end only; the crossveins
rather distant; the seirond and third longitudinal veins parallel
towards their end, or only gently convergent; posterior angle of
the anal cell pointed, but not prolonged in the sliape of a lobe.

The North Anierk'an species of Telanops arc distinguished
from the European ones by the more distinct and sliarper ante-
rior edge of tlie mouth, while in the lattrr the anterior end of the
oral opening hardly shows a distinct margin As one of the
American specios, known to me, has, moreover, the vertical
diameter of the eyes cohsideraljly larger than the f]uropean
species, I was for some time in doubt, whether it would not be
better to separate geuerically the North American from the
European species. Nevertheless, they possess enough characters
in common, to render such a separation, at least for the present,
unnecessary. Besides the stout head, with the very broad front,
the striking bareness of the whole body and the great shortness
of the prothoracic bristle, the absence of any picture on the wings,
except some very ftint spots along the cosla, easily distinguishes
the species of Tctanops.

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1. T. iuridipcnnis n. sp. % 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 17.) Frons prfeter
vittaiii uiediam punctata; ala; sordide lutescei^tes, ad costam obsoletis-
siiue hirido-uiaculatae.

Front, with the exception of a median stripe, punctate; wings of a dingy
clay-yellow, with very indistinct brownish-clay-yellow spots along the
costa. Lonp;. corp. % , 0.21 ; 9 cum terebr4 0.28—0.32; long. al. 0.18.

Head reddish-yellow. The very broad front more red ; it has
a small median stripe, which is not pollinose, and has, on each
side, a brown border ; the latter sometimes becomes indistinct

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120

DIPTERA OP NOIITII AMKRICA.

[I'AUT riT.

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nl)ov(', niid, on the anterior part of the front, is somewiiut tiiriicil
sidewiiys, freiierully also more expiiiMlcd and darker. 'I'lie sides
of tiie front, each of whieh is nearly doultle tlie hreadll) (»(' tiie
iiie(lian stripe, are covered with wliile pollen, rendered eriljrose
by a dense punclation of polleidess dots, so that of the pollinnso
surface, notidnp^ but a network is loft. The face, in ]>rolil(',
projects very nuicli in front of the eyes, and retreats very cnn-
siderahly Ijelnw; its intermediate portion is, as in all the s])eciis
of Tftanojis, comparatively narrow. The antennal fovcie arc
deep and sharply delined, shining'-black, except on their uppi-r
portion. Kyes rounded-(jval ; cheeks very broad. The upper
part of the occiput is clothed with white pollen; in the vicinity
of the orl)its and of the edge of the vertex this pollen is likewi.-e
interrupted by punctifornt poUenless dots. Antennie yelhiwish-
red, the third joint, with the exception of the basal third, more
or less infuscaled. Although the ground color of the thorax is
shining-black or brownish-black, it is, with the exception of the
humeri, concealed by a thick grayish-white pollen, sometimes
yellowish on the thoracic dorsum; numerous punctiform, pnlk'n-
less dots interrupt this ])ollen and give it a cribrose aitpenriuice ;
the region of the prothoracic spiracle alone is free from these
dots. The pollen covering the scutellum is similar in coloring
to that of the thorax, but it is, to a considerable extent, much
less thick upon its sides. The abdomen has the same color and
the same pollinose surface, interrupted by punctiform, pollenless
dots, as the thorax, but the pollen is a little less thick and the
punctiform dots a little larger, so that, here and there, they
coalesce and the ground color becomes more apparent. The lirst
segment of the flattened ovipositor is shiinn* black, very broad,
rather strongly attenuated, however, towards its end. Femora
blackish-brown, the tip of the front ones yellowish-red to a small,
the tip of the hindmost ones to a greater extent. Front tibiie
blackish-brown, with a yellowish-red basis; middle tibiae usually
entirely yellowish-red or but little infuscated towards their end ;
hind tibia? l)lackish brown, with a yellowish-red basis and gene-
rally also the extreme tip of the same color. Tarsi yellowish-red
at the basis, the front ones from about the tip of the first joint,
the posterior ones from about the tip of the second or third joint,
blackish-brown. Wings of a dingy clay-yellow, almost brownish
in fully colored specimens, without any distinct picture ; however,

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OUTALlD.Ti — TETANOP8.

IJl

iiiilistinct trat'i'S of three soiuewlmt darker clouds arc iippiircnt ;
.llic first ill tlio iimrg'mul cull, uImjvu tlie origin of the siiildiiaruiiiiil
ciH, tlie second at liio end of the stigniu, uud the third, which
sometimes i.s wanting, tills up ti»e end of the marginal cell; all
three are so little apparent that they euu easily be overlooked.
Ilab. Neljraska (Dr. llayden).

3. T. integra n. ap. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 18.) Froiis tola punctata ; alio
cinereffi, iiuaiaculata.

The wholi' front is punctate ; wings gray, without any picture. Long.
Corp. cum terebn'i 0.28 — 0.31 ; long. al. 0.17.

Head bro\viiish-l)laek, rather dusky brownish-red upon the
frrcater part of the front, the cheeks, and near the anterior edge
of the mouth. The front has no median strii)e, and is alt(»gcther
covered with grayish-white pollen, rendered eril)rose by numerous
small and very dense pollerdess dots; a line network, covering
the whole front, is all that remains i)ollinose. The pollen
extends, from the front over the very broad lateral portions of
the face, as far as the cheeks; the pollciiless dots, however, do
not reach beyond the middle of the face. The face in prolile is
less projecting in front of the eye.H, and less retreating below, than
ill T. luridipennis. The antennal foveiB, on their outside slope,
are covered, to a considerable extent, l)y a white pollen ; at the
l)ottora they are shtning black. The flattened ridge of the
carina, separating them, has also a whitish pollen. The vertical
diameter of the eyes is larger than in the preceding species or
iu any of the species of Telanops to me known. The cheeks are
very broad, although somewhat narrower than in T. luridi/x'niiis.
The upper half of the occiput is clothed with a whitish pollen,
extending upon the hind side of the cheeks as far as the edge of
the mouth; in the vicinity of the posterior orl)it and of the edge
of the mouth, this pollen is interrupted by pollonloss pmicliform
dots. Antennae brownish-red, the third joint for the most part
hiiiekish-brown. The ground color of the thorax is glossy, almost
shilling-black, but altogether covered by a whitisli-grny or more
yellowish-gray pollen, interrupted by conntloss dots, which are,
however, much smaller and less sharply defined than In the pre-
ceding species. Quite in front, the thoracic dorsum shows an
indistinct beginning of a median stripe, in the shape of two dark
longitudinal lines, which are rather distant from each other.

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[I'AllT III.

I l< 1 .

Upoa thu pU'iirui tliu iMillun id percuplibly Icsii lieiisu tlitiii upuii
the liiomcic dorsum, no tliui iliu)' iippuar sliiiiiiig. L')m)u ilio
fiiilus of lliu st'Ululluia tliu pollfu i::i Uiifk unci iiol iiiluri'iiptcMi,
wliilu llmi u|)oii iu disk nuiuuwiiut rcacuiblos tiie pullfii oii tiu;
Hurtucc ul' tlif ihurut'ic UtJi'sum, uuly it is u liulu iluiiiicr iiii<l
Lu8 no di»tiiict poiletilt'ss dutd. Thu ubduiuuii lA tiliiiiiiig Ijjuck,
fovt-ri'd, luwurd.s iliu bu.si.s, witli u gruduuli)' iiiLTfu.^ing, uiiintui'-
ruplt'd, but nut very lliick usli-gruy poiloii. Thu lirst joint of tho
Uallt'nod ovipositor in siiiuing black, very broud, l)iit little
luirrowt'd towards its end, with soniowliat touvex siilefi and com-
parativ(!ly sliortor than llwit of T. luridipcnnis. Feut black uf
brownish-lflack ; thu extrcmu tip of the femora, thu basis and
extreme tip of the tibiuj, as well us the tar.si, yellowirtli-rcd ;
however, the lust three or four joints of the fore tarsi and the
last two joints of the hind tarsi, brosvnish-iilack. Wings rallur
hyaline, gray, with a Ueliculo tiugo of browuish-cluy-yullow,
without any picture.

JJab. Illinois (Osteu-Sucken).

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Oen. III. TEPIIRO^OTA Loew.

Charact, — Head high ami short. Front of a nioilerate and equal bre.iiltli,
eonipiiratively long. Fat-e rather nliaiply carinat«, only littln )in>-
truding in front of the eyes in proQIu; ainio.st vertical. The
vertical diameter of the eyes ulniottt double the size of tin* hori-
zontal one. Anterior edge of the uiouth not drawn upwards.
Clieeks very narrow.

Antennas of a medium length; the first two joints short; the third
ending at a sharp angle, although not excised above.

Tliorax u|K)n its m'ddle with bristles on the hind part only ; covert'd
with a gray du.^t.

The, first lontfilitfliiinl rfin with bristles upon its end only ; the end of
the fourth longitudinal vein not curved forward; the jwsterior
angle of the anal cell, although sharp, is not extended in the shape
of a lobe.

This gonns contains only pninll-sized spooies. which, in tlieir
whole organization, approach tho species of Pteropaectrin ; \\\'\a
is still more the case with the European specios. than with the
only American one which I know. The latter, however, agrees
in so many characters with the Europenn Tf'phrnnnffip, that it
can be placed, without any hesitation, in that genus. Ita antcniifc
are a little shorter and their third joint somewhat broader ; the

OllTALID/i:-

[|>tlK()N(iTA.

183

pollei oil the body is tliickcr ami luoru extoiitli'd tliuii in thu
Lurii|)i;uit bpucif^; thu crori»ljuud:i of il.s wings uiv iiiuoiiiplotu.

1. T. IllllllilU LoKW. I 9.— (Tiib. VIII. f. 24.) Nicricuiis, oiiiHreo-
(iiilliitunii, uu|)it«) tl:iv<>, (jfililidA luti-iH, liitt) lillii'lu-liyuliiitu, funciiti tiibuA
uigriri, liitttiiuttdiu iuti'iiru, ieU4ui8 pualicu abbruviHtiii.

Kalhwr black, oovereil with univ iiollfii ; with a ywMow htiad, itixl rath»T
tl.o-ytlliiw l«ut ; wings wUitiaU-byiiliuH, wilb tbrnn black cni^nliainlH,
tUtt uitidiaii ut which in uutire ; lliu two otliurii are abbreviuttfil. Lung.
i;urp. ^ O.li:— U.14; cuiu tciMbia (Ml— O.IC ; long. al. 0.1— (MH.

8vN. lUrtna ri{/ktj)* v. d. Wulp, Tijdochrlft voor Eiitoiuol., Jaarg, IX, p.

15G.

Head yellow. Front brighter yellow, almost orange-rod npoa

its anterior end ; on eaeh side with a eonspieuons l)order of whito

pollen, wliieli, becoming bmader, e.xtends below over the fuee us

fur as tlio cheeks, 'i'lie occiput becomes blackish above, but is

rather evenly covered with a rather thick whitish pollen. 'Fiio

ground color of the thora.x is rather black, more brownish on tlio

humeri and upon the lateral border, as well as below the root

of the wings ; this color, in well-preserved specimens, is covered

hy a prayish-whito pollen ; upon the thoracic dorsum there aro

two longitudinal strii)es, of a somewhat darker color, very littlo

uppiirent and abbreviated posteriorly. The color of the scntcllum,

which is likewise covered with gray pollen, verges ii\oro on

dingy brownish, and on clay-yellow along the edges; in le.ss

fully colored specimens the whole scutcllum is clay-yellow. The

color of the abdomen is likewise rather black, sometimes only

brown at the basis. In the male, this color appears di-^tinetly as

black or brownish-black upon the last segment and on the hypo-

pygium, botii of which are pollenless, while on the i)receding

Sfgments thia color is concealed under a rather thick i)oll('ii,

which on the anterior portion of the segment has a light whitish-

gniy, on the posterior half a brown coloring. The female has the

last abdominal segment likewise pollino.se, the i>ollen being

pcnorally light white-grayish, or verging on brownish about the

middle of the abdomen only; the pollen on the preceding

segments is the same as in the male. The first segment of tbo

nltogether flattened ovipositor is not very long, but very broad

and very broadly truncate at its end ; its pollen is very little

perceptible, so that it is glossy-black, more brownish-black iu

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124

DIPTKHA OP i^)RTH AMKKICA.

[part III.

imiimturc spcoiiuoiis. Foot of a dirty clay-yellow, femora in the
niiddii' and tarsi towards the tip, somewhat inriiseated. llalleres
whitisli-yi'iiow. Wings whitisii-liyaline, with three broad, perpen-
dicular, more grayisli-l)Ii;ek than black crossbaiuls. The lirst of
these bands covers, near the anterior margin, the latter half of the
costal cell, and reaches, without becoming more narrow, the fourth
or lifth longitudinal vein; in the lirst, case it becomes perccptildy
paler between the third and fourth, iu the second case between
the fourth and lifth longitudinal veins. The second band covers,
near the anterior margin, the apical half of the stigma and reaches
there, in most specimens, even a little beyond the end of the lir^t
longitudinal vein ; without attenuating, it runs over the small
crossveins as far as the fourth longitudinal vein, forms a very
broad border along the section of the fourth vein lying I)et\\H'eu
the two crossveins, and runs, afterwards, along the posterior
crossvein towards the fifth longitudinal vein; its breadth is not
the same in all specimens ; when narrower, this crossband shows
a distinct knee-shaped bend, depending ujion its passage from tlio
small to the posterior crossvein (this is the case with the speeinu'ii
figured by Mr. v. d. Wulp) ; when broader, this crossband
extends, in the shape of a blackish-gray shadow, as far as the
third posterior ceil, so that of the knee-shaped bend oidy a trace
is left, which is due to a diluted spot upon the inner side of the
crossband, near the posterior margin of the diseal cell (as repre-
sented in ray figure). The thir' band covers, on the anterior
margin, the end of the marginal cell to a considerable extent,
Jiecomes gradually more narrow posteriorly and reaches more or
less completely the fourth longitudinal vein, where it suddenly is
intcrruptefl. The root of the wing is tinged with blackish-grny
as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein. The second and
third longitudinal veins are strongly divergent towards tlieir
end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein slightly eon-
verges towards the third vein and is not quite so straight as usual
in the species of Tephronotn, but, at the same time, not so much
curved forward by far as in the case of the sp(>cics of Anncampla,
HnIo(!ai<ia, and Ajtm^pafimira. The crossveins are very much
approximated, as the distance between them is not much larger
than the length of the small crossvein, but smaller than the
posterior crossvein. The posterior angle of the aiml cell is short
and sharp, and not prolonged in the shape of a lobe. The sixth

ORTAM \KK — CEUt)XYS.

125

long:itU(linal vein is weak and iiitli.stiin't soon aftor its niiddli', so
that it appears iiitcrruplcd a long distauco b'jforo the margin of
the wing.

Hah. New York (Osten-Sacken); yir<rinia; Texas (BoltVajjco).

Obxercatioii. — The description of Jli'rina ri(Jic('j>!< l)y v. d.
TVnlp, contains only one (hitiini whidi mij^lit render its ideiitili-
cation witli T. hiimilin donhtful. lie; says tiiat tlie tl.ird antennal
joint i:-' fonr times as long as the second, while in all my speci-
mens it hardly reaches three times its length. As, in other
respects, the agreement of the very good description is perfect,
I have not the slightest doubt that this ditference arises fmni a
ditVerent mode of viewing or measuring the anleiiuiu. Unfortu-
nately, the name given by Mr. v. d. Wulp cannot bo preserved,
as it has been preoccupied by Fabricius.

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Oen. IV. CEROYYS Macq.

Clitxract. — ITend rather rounded. Front very broad, soniewliat narrowed
above, without stripe. Tlie perpendicular diameter of tlie eyes is
much larger than the horizontal one. Cheeks of medium breadth.

Third ant ennui joint upon its uppiT side distinctly excised, very much
pointed at tlie tip. Arista distinctly pubescent.

Thorux, up()n its middle, with bristles as far as its anterior portion.

First lontjitudimil tnin with bristles upon its end only; tlie fourth
longitudinal vein not curveil forward. The j»)sterior angle of the
aual cell acute, but not prolonged in the shape of a lobe.

The genus Geroxys contains species which arc very much
alike; the tl-.ora.x and abdomen are thickly covered with yellow-
ish or grayish dust; the head is yellow. The i)icture of the
wings, consisting of comparatively large l)lackish-l»rown or black
spots, is the same in all the sjiecies ; it consists of seven sjtots,
the first of which lies on the basis of the suliniiirgiiial cell, the
second upon the end of the stiginatical (third costal) cell ; the
third covers the small ami the fourtli the posterior crossvein; the
last three spots lie on the ends of the secoml, tliird, and fourth
longitudinal veins; the last two gem rally coalesce comolfti'ly,
while the one placed at the end of the second vein is generally
less completely united with them.

The species are easily distinguished by the shape and color of
the third antennal joint, by the presence or absence of a dark
crossbaad on the posterior nuirgiu of the abdominal segments, by

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126

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part 111.

the greater or smaller extent of the spots on the wiiifrs, espeeially
by the rohitive position of the stigniatical spot to tlie one cdvit-
ing the small crossveiu, and V'V the separation or coalescence uf
both.

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1. C. obsciiricornis n. sp. % 9. —(Tab. VIII, f. 20.) PolIiiiH ex
cinereo liitesceiite Vfstitus, tertio aiiteiinarum articulo fusco-iiiijro,
pedilius luteis, alarum inaculA, sti^maticali et limbo venae trausvei'^ialid
mediae fasciolam arcuatam efficientibud.

Covered with a grayiah-clay-yellow pollen ; third antennal joint brownish-
black, feet clay-yellow ; the spot at the end of the stipmatical cell and
tlie one covering the small crossvein form a curved cro3dband. Long.
Corp. I 0.21 ; 9 cum ter.^brH 0.25 ; long. al. 0.2—0.21.

The first two antennal joints brownish-ferruginous-yellow, or
brownish-yellow ; third joint browni8h-I)lack, of medium bnutd^h ;
arista black. Scutellum upon its edge only indistinctly ytuvw-
ish-l)rown. Abdomen without any trace of dark crossbands,
except that the pollen, towards the posterior portion of the seg-
ments, becomes more brownish-gray in e hardly perceptiblo
degree. The first joint of the flattened ovipositor is only
moderately long, very broad; its truncature very broad also; the
coloring and the pollen are the same as those of the al)donien.
Feet clay-yellow ; tarsi, with the exception of the basis, mure
or less strongly infuscated ; the only male in my possession has
tlie front femora very much infuscated upon the greater part of
the posterior side ; it is not probable, however, that this is a
constant sexual character. The first spot on the wings extends
from the first to a little beyond the fourth vein ; the spot lying
upon the end of the stigmatical cell is more or less completely
coalescent with the omg cui^ering the small crossvein, and forms
with it a rather oblique, distinctly arcuated crossband; the other
spots have nothing peculiar about them.

Ilab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden).

3. C. OChricorilis n. sp. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 21.) Polline ex cin 'reo
lutescente vestitus, segnieiitis abdominalibus postice angusto fvisco-
limbatis, antennis ex-ferrngineo ochraceis, pedibna luteis, alarnm inaouli
stigmaticali et limbo vence transversalis mediae in fasciolam rectam
conjnnctis.

Covered with a grayish-clay-colored pollen; the segments of the abd-«nipn
with narrow brown borders posteriorly ; aatennae oclire-brownish, the

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ORTALIDiE — CER0XY8.

127

feet clay-yellow ; the spot upon the end of the stigmatical cell and the
oiiu cuvt-ring the small croH.ivein, in ooale.sciiig, form a straight cross-
baud. Long. Corp. cum terebril 0.25 ; long. al. U.21.

Antennae altogether ochre-brownish; third joint distinctly
broader than in C. obscuricornU; arista brownish-black. Scutel-
luin generally yellowish, with the exception of its middle.
Abdominal segments, with the exception of the last one, with
very narrow, but very sharply limited and conspicuous brown
posterior margins. The first segment of the very flattened
ovipositor is only moderately long, very broad, and very broadly
tnnicate at the end; its coloring and its pollen arc similar to
those of the abdomen. Feet clay-yellow; tarsi strongly infus-
cated, generally paler towards the basis. The first spot upon
tlie wings reaches from the first to the fourth longitudinal vein ;
the spot upon the end of the stigmatical cell is more or less
completely connected with the spot covering the small cropsvein,
forming a straight, almost perpendicular half-erossband ; tlie
other spots have the ordinary appearance.

Hub. Northern Wisconsin River (Kennicott).

3. C. similis n. sp. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 23.) Polline Intescente
vestitus, segmentis abdomiualibus po-stiue nigro-litnbatis, alarum macul4
subbasali in fasciam dilatata, maciiI4 stigmatical! et limbo veufe trana-
versalis niediie in fasciolam conjuncti.s.

Covered with clay-yellow pollen ; the abdominal segments margined with
black posteriorly; the spot near the basis of the wing is extended in the
shape of a crossband ; the one at tlie end of the stigmatical cell forms a
half-crossband with the spot covering the small crossvein. Long. corp.
% 0.22; 9 cum terebri 0.27— 0.28, long. al. 0.21—0.22.

First two antennal joints yellow ; the third joint is unfortunately
lost in all the three specimens which I have befere me, but is
probably of the same color. Scutellum yellow, or grayish upon
its middle only. The segments of the abdomen have all, without
exception, a brownish-black, narrow, well-defined border, upon
their posterior- side. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor
is only nioderately long, very bniad, very broadly truncate at the
end; its coloring and the pollen upon it, are of the same color
as on the abdomen. Feet clay-yellow ; tarsi, especially towards
their tip, rather strongly infuscated. The first spot on the wiiicrs
expands into a crossband, reaching anteriorly as far as the costa.

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128

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AKT III.

posteriorly it extends, although somewhat paler, along the sixth
longitudinal vein, which it finally crosses, as fur a^ the postcriui
margin of the wing, on the fifth longitudinal vein it forni.s an
obtuse angle, at which place, on the sides of the fifth longitudinal
vein, it is very faint, sometimes almost interrupted ; the spot iit
the end of tlie stigraatical cell coalesces with the one covering
the small crossvein, forming a steep, somewhat curved half-oross-
hand ; the spot covering the posterior crossvein is rather large;
the three other spots are of the usual shape.

Ilab. Connecticut (Osten-Saekeu).

Observation. — The name which I give to this species is intended
to call to mind its extraordinary resemblance to C. crnnfii-
pennis Fab., occurring in Europe. This resemblance is so great,
that I would doubt the specific distinctness of the two species, if
the femora of the American one were not altogether yellow, while
those of G. craasipennis are blackish-brown from the basis as far
as the middle. In order to overlook this difference and to main-
tain the identity of the two species, the proof of a perfect agree-
ment in all, even the minutest, plastical characters would be
required. The three specimens of G. similiii in my possession
are not well preserved enough to enable mo to undertake such a
comparison.

4. C. canilS Loew. % J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 22.) Polline ex Intescsnte
ciiieieo vel albido-cinereo vestitus, tcrtio .intennanim articulo pcili-
busque fu.sci.s, alarum macule stiguiaticali et limlio venae trausversalis
mediae separatis.

Covered with a yellowish-gray or grayish-white pollen; third joint of the
antennse and the feet brown; the spot on the stigraatical cell entirely
separated from the one which covers the small crossvein. Long. corp.
% 0.16; 9 cum terebri 0.23 ; long. al. 0.16—0.18.

Stm. Oitalix cana LoEw, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. II, p. 374.

Smaller than the preceding species, with a grayish or whitish-
gray pollen, verging less on yellow. The first two antennal joints
brownish-yellow or yellowish-brown; the third joint of medium
breadth and rather blackish-brown. Antennal arista black. The
scutellum at most indistinctly yellowish-brown along the edircs
only. Abdominal segments without any trace of darker borders.
The first joint of the flattened ovipositor distinctly longer tlinn in
the three previous species and somewhat less broadly truncate at

ORTALID^E — ANACAMPTA.

129

tish-

oiiits

(limn

The

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ders.
nil ill
le at

ihc cud ; its coloring and the pollen upon it are the same as
those on the abdomen. Coxu) and feet bluekish-brown ; the
second coxal joint, the tip of tlie femur, tiie basis of the tibia; and
the extreme tip of the middle tibiie are yellowish-red. In the
European specimens this yellowish-red coloring has often a much
greater extent and also occurs at the basis of the tarsi ; it is pro-
bable that the same is the case with some American specimens.
The surface of the wings is much more whitish than in the other
species; the first spot is small, although it reaches from the first
to the fourth vein; the spot at the end of the stigmatical cell is
also comparatively small, does not quite reach the second longi-
tudinal vein, and remains quite separated from the spot covering
the small crossvein ; the spot covering the posterior crossvein is
of a moderate breadth ; the spots upon the ends of the longitu-
dinal veins are of the ordinary size.

Uah. Yukon River, Alaska (Kennicott) ; Nebraska (Dr.
Hayden).

Obaervalion. — Of this species I possess only a male from
Nebraska and a female from Hudson's Bay Territory. The most
careful comparison with specimens of Cerojrys canus from the
southern part of middle Europe and from southern Europe has
not revealed any character indicative of a specific distinctness of
the European and the American specimens.

Gen. V. A^VACAIWPTA Loew.

Charact. — Head hemispherical, rather than round ; front broad, somewhat

uanower above ; the vertical diameter of tliH eye much larger than

the horizontal one; cheeks broad.
Third antennal joint di6tnnit\y cut out upon its upper side; pointed

at the end.
Thorax upon its middle providt^d with bristles near the posterior

margin only.
Fimt longitudinal vein with bristles upon its end only ; the end of the

fourtli longitudinal vein curved forward in a striking manner;

posterior angle of the anal cell sharp, but not prolonged in the

shape of a lobe.

The genus Anacampta contains species of large size, which
resemble Ceroxys in their general appearance, as well as in the
l>icturc of the wings. They differ, however, sufficiently in the
black color of the body, in the thoracic dorsum not being provided
with bristles as far as its anterior part and in the conspicuous
9

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130

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part in.

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curvature of the end of the fourth longitudinal vein. The lilack
coloring of the body they have in conimon with the specii'S of
llolodasia and Apospasiiiica, which they approach in the wlmle
structure of their body. They diflcr from ILAoduHia in the fiiri
that the flrst longitudiual vein is not provided with bristles iip(»ii
its whole course, but at its end only. From Apospaamica they
differ in the shape of the anal cell, the posterior angle being only
acute here, while in Apospusmica it is drawn out in a long hilie ;
moreover, in the latter genus, he end of the fourth longitudinal
vein is not curved forward; i Anacampta the picture of the
wings consists rather of spots, or bands consisting of si)ots,
while in Apospasmica there are complete crossbands. Tlie
structure of the third antennal joint of Anacampta affords a
character for the distinction of it from all the other genera k)'^
Ortalina, which renders any further developments superfluous.

1. A. latiliscula n. sp. % 9 .— (Tab. VIII, f. 19.) Nigra, thorace
abdoiiiiuii^que fasciis duabus ciiiereo-poUinosia, oapite ex rufo luteo,
p«dibu8 rufis, alia nigro-maculatis.

Flack, thorax and two crossbands on the abdomen covered with cray
pollen; head reddish-yellow ; feet red ; wings spotted with black. Long.
corp. I 0.31, 9 cum terebrd 0.33— 0.34; long. al. 0.26.

One of the largest species of the genus, and broader in shape
than most of them. Head reddish-yellow, opaque, covered witli
a very thin, and hence not easily perceptible greenish-wliite
pollen ; occiput more thickly pollinose with white. Front broad,
somewhat narrower above ; the not very distinct frontal stripe
very much narrowed above, of a purer yellowish color and almost
pollenless ; the comparatively thick pubescence of the broad
Jatcral portions of the front is inserted in very small, but distinct
brownish dots. Antennae ochreous-brown, the color of the first
two joints more yellowish, that of the third joint more browni.-h.
Ground color of the thorax, with the exception of the brick-red
luimeral callosities, black, but altogether covered with an ashy-gray
pollen, which is not quite so thick on the pleurae as on tlie
thoracic dorsum. The hairs and bristles of the thoracic dorsum
are inserted on small, but distinct black dots. Scutellum black,
with abroad brick-red border, pollinose with ashy-gray. Abdo-
men shining-black, with black hairs and two broad crossbands
of whitisli-gray pollen, situate on the anterior portion of the

ORTALIDJE — APOSPASMICA.

131

second and third segments; they gradually become indistinct on
the sides ami finally diriaijpear near the lateral margin. The
fifth segment of the female abdomen is very much shortened.
The first joint of the ovipositor is shining-black, with black hairs,
about as long as the penultimate segment of the abdomen, not
very broad, and, towards its end, rather narrowed. Feet brick-
red; tarsi infuscated towards their end, the front ones much more
than the four posterior ones; the front til)iai also show sometimes
a browner coloring. Wings grayish-hyaline, quite gray towards
the posterior border, not very transparent; more yellow towards
the basis, especially in the costal cell ; stigma ochre-yellow, with
a somewhat infuscated end. The picture of the wings is brownish-
blaek; it comprises: 1, a spot upon the humeral crossvein,
reaching as far as the fourth longitudinal vein; 2, a perpendicular
crossl)and, covering the end of the costal cell near the anterior
border, and reaching posteriorly as far as the sixth longitudinal
vein ; between the fifth and the si.vth longitudinal veins it is much
paler and disappears gradually in the gray coloring of the surface
of the wing; 3, a perpendicular half-crossband, beginning near
the anterior margin, immediately beyond the end of the first
longitudinal vein, running over the small crossvein and reaching
a little beyond its posterior end ; 4, a spot, broadly covering the
posterior crossvein in the shape of a half-crossband ; 5, a spot
occupying the end of the marginal cell and, with the end nearer
to the root of the wing, reaching into the submarginal almost in
the shape of a hook, without touching the third vein ; 6, a spot
near the apex of the wing, the limit of which runs almost perpen-
dicularly from the end of th*^ second longitudinal vein to the
fourth longitudinal, beyond which it occupies only a small space
at the extreme end of the second posterior cell.
Hab. California (Alex. Agassiz).

Gen. Vr. APOSPASIWICA nov. gen.

Charnct. — Front of equal breacUh. Face rather strongly carinate ; rather
perpendicular and straiglit in profile ; the vertical diameter of the
eyes very much larger than the horizontal one.
Third antPtinal joint, on its upper side, gently hut distinctly excised,

very pointed at the end ; arista rery bare.
Thorax along the middle with bristles on its hind part only.

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132

DIPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part 111,

First lonr/itudinat vdn with bristled towards its eiul o:ily ; the end nf
the fourth h)ngituuiiial vein not curved forward ; the posterior angle
of the anal cell drawn out iu a narrow, exoeediugly long lohe.

Robust, black species, of tlie same general ai»i»earaiu'e iw
Ilohdasia and Anavumpta; the structure of the lieatl iiiore like
that of Pleropaectria ; tho thorax generally shows loiigiludinnl
lines of a i)aler-colored dust, answering to tho intervals of the
ordinary thoracic stripes. The wings have complete crossbands.

The typical species is the Orlali>i fuxciataof Wiedemann, fruiii
Chile, which is identical with the Tephritis quinquej'aaviula
Macq. Dipt. P]xot. 8uppl. IV, 291.

The shape of the anal cell reminds very much of Diacrila;
nevertheless, there are no other points of relationship between
the two genera.

Observation. — Should an American species be found which
does not well (it in any of the above-described six genera, tlic
characters of the European genera should bo compared; they
have been given in the part treating of the systematic distribu-
tion of the Ortalidm in general.

Fifth Section: Pterocallina.

Gen. I. PTEROCALL.A Rond.

Charnct. — General appearance: Trypeta-like.

Wint/s very narrow, iu comparison to their length, of a rather striking
shape on account of their equal breadth, very broadly rounded at
the root and at the tip ; auxiliary vein much shorter than the first
lougitudiual vein, so that the distance between the ends of both is
strikingly large ; first basal and discal cells very long ; posterior
crossvein very oblique, its anterior end being much nearer the apex
of the wing than its posterior end ; the posterior angle of tho aual
cell drawn out in a moderately long lobe.

The peculiarities in the outline of the wings and in tho vena-
tion of the species belonging to this genus are so striking, tliut
no doubt can possibly arise about the location of any of thorn.
In some other respects, these species differ considerably from
each other, so that, should their number increase, it would be
necessary to break up the genus Pterocalla into smaller genera.
The name Pterocalla would, in this case, remain to the genus
which contains P. ocellata Fab., as Mr. Rondani established the
genus for this species.

:ii'/.ii

ORTALlPiE — PTKROCALLA.

183

1. P. fktrigllla n. pp. ■J,.— (Tab. VIII, f. 30.) All)ido-pollino..a,
piinctis laaculisquH deforinibiis fusco-iiigris aspersa ; alie fusco-iiigrse,
disco dilutius futicn, puiictis inaculisquu fuHco-nigris varie^ato, iiiuit;!-
nibus autiiu luacularuiu liyalinaium tterie, po.>^tico limbo lutitmculo
hyaliiiu uruutis, vuiiis loiigitudinalibus nun undulutis.

Clothed with white pollen, marked with browninli-biack dots and irregular
spots; wings brownish-black, of a paler brown upon tbeir middle, and
with brownish-blauk spots and dots ; the anterior margin with a row of
hyaline spots and the posterior margin with a rather broad hyaline
border; longitudinal veins uot undulated. Long. corp. 0.12— U.13
Long. al. 0.17—0.18.

In the structure of the head and of its part.s, the coloring and
picture of the whole body, this species resembles Myennis vau very
much, but it difl'crs consideral)Iy in the narrow wings with almost
parallel sides, with a ditt'erent venation and a diif'ert'nt picture.
The ground color of the body is an opaque brownish-black, for
the most part covered with a thick white dust; the latter's surface
on the upper side is broken through by brown i.sh-black dots and
a number of rather regularly arranged, but very irregularly shaped,
brownish-black spots ; the face does not show any such broken
through places; the upper, larger half of the pleuric shows
numerous brownish- black dots, which almost coalesce al)ove into
a stripe; a little below the middle of the pleursE there is a
brownish-black longitudinal stripe and immediately below it a
narrower stripe, formed by a white pollen; the pectus is brownish-
black. Femora and tibiae brovnish-black (the intermediate
femora in the described specimen are paler perhaps in consequence
of immaturity); all the femora have, upon their last third, a more
or less complete ring of while pollen ; their extreme tip, as well
as the basis of the tibiie, are tinged t/u'u ytllowish-white; each
tibia shows, upon its middle, a very conspicuoua white ring and
a very sharply limited white tip. The yellowish-white feet are
somewhat infuscated towards the end. Wings strikingly long
and narrow, of an unusually equal breadth ; very obtuse at the
end, like in other species of PterocaUa ; the au.xiliary vein is
remarkably short, so that the distance between its end and the
end of the first longitudinal vein is remarkably large; the second
longitudinal vein is rather long ; the third ends not far from the
apex of the wing, and has, like the others, a very straight and not
at all undulated course ; the ends of the third and fourth veins
hardly show a vestige of convergency ; the crossveins are rather

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DlI'TEllA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part 111.

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clo.sfly ttpproxiiuatud ; the pu.sturioi' cru.s.svt'iii, with it.s anttTiur
end, i.s ucarcr to thtt upt-x thuu with its posterior t'lul ; the pu.^tf-
rior angle of the unul eell is druwii out in a very long uiid poinud
lobe (the figure nialies it too short and heavy). The extended
and entirely uninterrupted pieture of the wings leaves near the
anterior margin au irregular row of hyaline spots and on tlio
posterior margin a broader hyaline border, with an irregularly
undulated outline; the coloring of the picture is brownish-black;
it.s inner part is paler brown, with uumerous browuish-blaek dots
and spots.

Uab. Georgia (Berlin Museum).

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Gtfu. II. STICTOCEPIIALA nov. gen.

Charact,— General uppeorance : 'l'ryj>eta-likt».

Front Very broad, with imiictures ; uhceka compa'atively broad;

clypeus soniewliat projecting over the edge of the mouth.
WiiKjs of the usual shape; tiie ends of the auxiliary and of the first
longitudinal veins are far distant from each other; posterior cross-
vein steep; posterior angle of the anal cell acute; the third and
fourth longitudinal veins, tuwurda their end, at least with a trace
of a couvergeucy.

All the species belonging here are onaquo in their coloring ;
thorax and abdomen are punctate in all of them; moreover, they
are generally marked with other j»ictures.

The species which I know of may be separated in two groups,
on account of the difl'erent size of the hairs on the front. Sticto-
cephala crihrum and cribetlum, would belong to the first group,
a. cortitalis and vau to the second. lu the two latter species,
the two uppermost of the short hairs, inserted on the fateral
border of the front, assume the appearance of bristles, so that iu
this respect these species are like the Trypetina, while this is not
the case with the two preceding species.

1. S. cribellum n. sp. % ?.— (Tab. VIII, f. 26.) Cinerea, frontis
parte antica, autennis, facie, genis, proboscide, pal pis pedibusque lutein ;
alse hyalinte, fasciis quatuor, prseter secnudam, postice abbreviatis,
macul£l apicali et veu«e trauoversalis posterioris limbo fuscis.

Gray ; the anterior part of the front, antennae, face, cheeks, proboscis,
palpi, and feet clay-yellow. Wings hyaline, with four bands, which are
abbreviated posteriorly, except the second ; a spot at tlie apex and a
border along the posterior urossvein, browu. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.15;
long. al. 0.14—0.15.

. 'V

•i.

OUTALID.E — STICTUCEI'IIALA.

135

Light gray, front somewliat yi'llowish towards its aiiti-rior
umrgiii, euvert'd with rallier cuarse luiiicturt's; tlio iiitiicriiiit.st
Lairs uoar liit! lateral margin of tlio front are nut lonyi'r and
atrongor than usual. Antennu) clay-yfllow, third joint ntiindcd-
ovate, soiuotiniL'S rather brownish-yellow. Ground c(jlor of fine
and cheeks clay-yellowish, covered with a whitish pollen. Pro-
boscis and palpi clay-yellowish. Thoracic dorsum with some-
what scattered blackish-brown dots, which sometimes coalo.«<ce
iu lines upon its posterior portion; moreover with four browni-h-
black spots In a row corresi>onding to the transverse suture.
Seutellum with four bristles, turgid, pale-gray, with two conspicu-
ously large shining-black .spots at the end. Metathora.x black,
pruinose with whitish-gray, rieuriu dotted with brownish-black
above. Abdomen with similar dots, usually with a more clay-
yellow ground color at the basis; this color is sometimes more
extended and gives the alxb^men a more yellowish-gray tinge,
while the thora,\ is whitish-gray. Coxae and feet clay-yellow-
posterior coxie at the basis and the tarsi towards their tip, some-
what infuscated. Wings hyaline with four perpendicular, not
very dark, brown bands, a broad brown border on tlie posterior
crossvein and a brown apex ; the first band begins near the ante-
rior margin immediately beyond the humeral crossvein, and is not
distinctly perceptible beyond the sixth longitudinal vein ; the
aual cell is just filled out by it ; the second band begins at the
anterior margin quite near the en'' of the auxiliary vein, and ends
upon the end of the sixth longitnoinal vin; the third band begins
immediately before the end of the first longitudinal vein and runs
across the small crossvein, at the end of which it is interrupted ;
the fourth band generally reaches from the anterior margin not
quite as far as the third longitudinal vein, or is continued a little
beyond it in the shape of a faint shadow.

Hah. Nebraska (Dr. Ilaydeu).

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3. St cribrum n. sp. 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 2.5.) Prsecedenti simillima,
sed luajor, alarum picture siiiiili, sed sataratiore, fascii tertia et veiise
tran.sversalis posterinris limbo in fasciam iiitegram coutluentibiis, tibia-
rnro omnium apice, posticarumque anuulo medio, apice dbuique tarHorum
nigria.

Very like tbe preceding, but larger; tbe same picture of the wings, but
darker ; the third baud and tbe iufuscation along the posterior crossvein

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130

mi'TERA OP NuIlTII AMERICA.

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ootiltiscH into an iiioomplHtt' oroHHlximl. Tlie tip nf nil tlin til>ii(', u llll^'
uu iht) iiiiildlo ot tliH liiiiil uued uud llitt tip ut' uU tliu tuiHi, bliick. Loiih.
curp. ii.21 ; lung. al. O.liO.

Uiirorluimtely, 1 pussi-ss only u hiiigle, hiully prcstTvcd spcci-
men ut' lliiti iiKSt'ct. The rt'si'Uibluiice to llii; preiotlinj; hpcriis
is 80 grout, that only tlie obtiorvulion of tlm livinp insci't <ir
tliu counmrisou of u large iiumltiT of siteciniciis, will t'linliU' oiu'
ulliumloly to dt'cido almut their specirH; divfrsity. 'I'lic ((ni-
siderulily lurger size, the darker coloring of the j)i(tiire of the
wingrt, the eoaleseenee of the third ero.ssband of the wings with
the infusoation on the posterior crossvein into a coini>hte l)aii(l,
the diiferenee in tlie coloring of tiie feet (in S. crihrllum the
tihiu) shuw only a weak trace of a darker coloring at the tips, and
there is no trace whatever of a ring on tlie hind tihiu', the tar.si
are hut Hiightly inliiscated towards the end) — all these dilVerenccs
render a ypecilic distinctness pri)l)al)le, although, on the oilier
liand, the great reseiublanco of all the other characters teudb to
diminish this probahility.

Ilab. Middle States (Ostcn-Snckon).

Observation. — In case the specific identity of S. cribellimx and
cribruin is proved, the latter name should be retained fur the
species, as reju'esenting the more fully colored, and hence, nuniiul
specimt^ns, while S. cribellum would then be r -garded as a
smaller and paler variety.

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3. S. corticaliRFiTcHinlitt. % J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 28.) Fusco-iiigra,
polliiiH allio-ciiitTt-o asptrsa, puiictis, uiuculi.squt' fu.sfO-iiigrirt variegata ;
alie albido-hyalinse, veiiit^ oiiiuilius, uiauiilisquu nunierofiis iiigris.

Biowiiish-black, covered with a whiti.sb-gray pollen and with brownish-
black spots and dots; winps whitish-hyaline, with black veins and
numerous black spots. Long. corp. % 0.15; J, O.li). Long, al. 0,17.

The ground color of the body is an opaque brownish-black.
Head of the same coloring, only the front, towards its anterior
margin, seems to have a more or less reddish-brown or brownish-
red ground color; the pollen on the whole head is whitish-gray ;
on the extreme lateral margin of the front it is more dense and
almost white ; upon the middle of the front and at a considerulile
distance from its sides, there are two oval, oblique, opaque,
brownish-black spots; a spot of the same coloring surrounds the
ocelli, and has, upon each side a smaller spot, upon which the

>M»

OUTALID^K — STICTOCEl'IIALA.

137

iniMT vcrtic'iil bristlo is instTiod. Tim two siiperiur liuirs iipmi
lliu sides ul' lljt! I'roiit are jiruluiigt'd iiiul iiicriiH.-suU'il to llie si/.i' of
tli>tiiiLa brislli'S ; ubovu lliu two .spolrt upon its luidille, ihu liMiit
has no liuirtt, Iji-suIch tlit'so bristles; below the spots, however, llio
front is beset with oreet l)liiek iiiiirs, inserted upon hurdly per-
eeptilile dark ilots. Antenniu ferruf^inous-brosvii, more distinelly
fiTniunnims on their inner side t(»wards tiie basis; tiie third joint
round, black towards the end. Arista slightly inerassated at tlio
basis and bluekish-l)rowri ujion the inerassation, then pale yel-
lowish and again (birkcr towards the end. Thorax eovered with
a white-grnyisii pollen and with a brownish-black punetation and
]»ietnre; the latter consists often n.'gularly arranged spots upon
its disk, and of a hnigitndinal stripe on each side, which begins
at the anterior end and reaches up to the root of the wings; the
picture of the j)leunu consists of two irregular longitudinal stripes;
the pectus is neither punctato nor pictun-d, and the pollen upon
it is not equally distinct when viewed I'roin dillerent sides. The
rather turgid scutelluni has a brownish-black jdcture, the whitish-
gray pollen remaining visible on the lateral corners and at the
end only. The abdomen agrees with the thora.x in its coloring
and has, besides the punetation, a regular and elegant brownish-
black picture, which is more fully developed in the female than
in the male; it consists of two small, approximated longitudinal
stripes in the middle of the abdomen, which begin at the
posterior end of the second segment and end at the posterior
end of the fourth segment; on both sides of these stripes, between
tliom and the lateral margin, there is a row of conspicuous
spots, ])laced near the anterior margin of the segments and not
reaching the posterior one. The first segment of the ovipositor
is very broad and broadly truncate at the <'nd ; brownish-black,
like the rest of the body; its basis is marked with two very Inrge
brownish-ljlack spots, reaching as far as the middle and which
have only a narrow stripe between them ; the latter, as well as
the posterior half are covered with a thin, whitish-gray pollen,
and punctate with brownish-I)lack. Feet brownish-black; knees,
a rather broad ring upon the middle of the tibia? and basis of the
tarsi yellowish. Halteres blackish-brown, the stem, with the
exception of its basis, of a dirty whitish. Wings hyaline, viewed
oblir|uely strikingly whitish; all the veins black upon their whole
extent. The picture consists of rather numerous black spots,

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138

DIPTEEA OF NORTH AMEllICA.

[r.vuT 111.

wliioli seem to be rather eonstaiit in their position, but less cuu-
staiit in their extent; the li<,'ure is drawn tVuia a female speeiuien,
wiiich has them less extended ; usually, the inside of these sj»uls
is distinelly paler, but this varies in diflereut speeimeiirt; vitv
characteristic is the part of the piciiir',^ surrounding the small
crossvein, which does not seem to be subjected to any iiupurlaut
variation.

llab. New York (A. Fitch).

Observation. — The described specimens, a male and a female,
were obtained by Baron Osten-Saeken from Dr. Fitch under the
name of Trypela corlicalis.

4. S. vau Say. 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 29.) Fusco-nigra, polline albo-
eineieo asjwrsa, pnnctis maculisque fusco-iiigris vaiiegata; al.-e hyaliiiie,
uiaculis octo nigris. quatuor costalibus, unicil apicali, uuic^ inaigini
postico coiitigua. leliquis uiajore et veiiam transveisalera posteiiorem
iiicludeiitH, duabus denique ininoriburt veiise longitudinali sextje appo-
sitis; prreterea macula ov:ita lute.-'cens penuagiia, a mucula costali
secmicla usque ad seouudaui veiise sextifi uiauulam pertiiieus conspicitur
et uiautila uostse tertia eodem colore hiteo cum iiiaculd. inargini.j po-^titi
cuujuugitur, ita ut fascia Integra, iu medij^ al& umlto dilutior, appareat.

Brownish-b'ack, powdert d with wliitisli-gray, marked with brownisli-black
dotsi auii spots ; wiug.> hyaliut?, with eight blaok spots, four on tlie costa,
one at the apex, one, larger than t)ie others, near the posterior margin,
covering tiie posterior crossvein, two smaller spots upon tlie sixth
longitudinal vein; besides, there is a very large ovate, brownish-yellow
spot, extonding from the second spot on the anterior margin to the
second of the two smaller spots on the sixth longitudinal vein ; the third
spot on the anterior margin is connected by tlie same coloring with the
spot upon the posterior crossvein, tlius forming a complete ciossband,
which is much paler in the middle of the wing. Long. corp. 0.16—0.19;
cum terebra 0.18—0.24; long. al. 0.14—0.18.

Syn. Orudis vau Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. VI, 184, 4.

Ground color opaque brownish-black. Head of the same color,
but the anterior portion of the front and the face of a reddish-
brown or dirty brick-red colorinjr, which sometimes also extends
to the middle line of the front. The two superior hairs upon the
lateral margin of the front are bristle-like. The front, from the
anterior margin nearly as far as the ocelli, is clothed with black
hairs, inserted upon im])ressed punctures ; there is no definite
picture upon it. The thorax is covered with a white pollen ami
punctate with brownish-black. The picture on the thoracic

■ f.'

•^7, iH

ORTALIDiE — STICTOCEPIIALA.

139

dorsum consists of ten small spots, the inner ones anionj,' which
ate .souielimes dissolved into dots, and moreover, on eiich side,
ol' a row of spots, almost coaleseent into an irregular longitudinal
sti'i[)o, closely approximated to the exterior margin ; upon tlio
pleura3 there are two irregular longitudinal stripes ; the pectus
itseil' is brownish-black without any paler pollen or paler picture.
Ahdomen with a whitish-gniy pollen, with brownish-black dots
and with four longitudinal rows of brownish-black spots, placed
u[)on the anterior portion of the segments ; between them, upon
the middle of the third and fourth segments, there are two still
smaller spots upon the ' isterior portion of these segments. The
lirst segment of the ovipositor is brownish-black, opaque, without
any whitish-gray pollen and without picture. Feet brownish-
black, sometimes only dark-brown in not fully colored specimens ;
knees, a ring in the middle of the tibiue and the tarsi clay-yellow ;
usually the last three joints of the front tarsi and the last two on
tbe posterior tarsi, are more or less infuscated. ^lalteres
yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, rather whitish when viewed
obliquely, their picture consisting i)arlly of a black, partly of a
clay-yellow or brownish-yellow coloring; there are four deep-
black spots upon the costa; the first is composed of the incrassated
hunicral crossvein, and a short line, immediately beyond it,
between the costa and the auxiliary vein, so that it has the shape
of a fork, or almost of a ring; below the humeral crossvein, as
well as below the snmll arcuate crossband, tuore are small black
dots (one under each) ; the second deep-black spot on the ante-
rior margin lies in the costal cell, but little beyond the end of the
small basal cells; it is circular; between it and the third spot
oil the anterior margin, there is a small deep-black dot, placed
at the end of the auxiliary vein; the third, likewise deep-black
spot on the anterior margin, lies on the end of the subcostal cell
and reaches the second longitudinal vein; the fourth spot on the
anterior margin lies before the end of the marginal cell; inside
of this cell it is deep-black, but turns beyond it into brown and
furtiier into yellowish-brown ; it ends in the middle between the
third and fourth longitudinal veins, thus assuming the shape of
a perpendicular crossband, which is broader at its anterior end.
At the apex of the wing there is another black spot, which l)egins
immediately beyond the termination of the second longitudinal
vein and extends but little beyond the end of the fourth longitu.

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140

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

dinal vein. The posterior orossvein is covered by a brownish-
blacli spot, wliieli is especially expanijed near llie posterior margin
and the anterior end of which is connected by an ochre-yellowish
or somewhat brownish-yellow coloring with the third spot of the
anterior margin, thus forming a complete crossband, somewhat
expanded posteriorly and tinged with yellowish in the middle.
iSonietimes, however, the brown spot upon the posterior crossvcin
is somewhat more isolated from the yellowish coloring and exteiiils
in the direction of the half-crossband, formed by the fourth spot
on the anterior margin. This less common variety is the one
described by Say, 1. c. ; the ordinary picture is represented on
Tab. VIII, f. 2!), of the present volume. On the anterior side
of the sixth longitudinal vein there are two black spots of only
moderate size and rounded shape. Of them, the second only
crosses that vein, gradually to fade away. Between the second
costal spot and the second of the two spots of the sixth vein,
there is a very large oval ochre-yellowish or more brownisji-
ochreous spot; it reaches on one side as far as the posterior basal
cell, and assumes within tl»e marginal cell a rather dark-l)rown
coloring. The veins of the wing are black or brownish-Iilai-k
inside of the picture, clay-yellow elsewhere. The third and
fourth longitudinal veins converge towards their end a little more
than in the preceding species.

Hab. United States.

Observation. — I possess six female specimens and no male, but
have seen the latter in other collections. It does not show any
perceptible difference from the female, except in the sexual marks.

Gen. III. CAE.LOPISTRIA no7. gen.

Charact. — Gpnornl appearance almost Trypeta-like.

Front ixceedingly broad, with impressed punctures; cheeks com-
paratively broad ; clypeiis somewhat projecting over the edge of the
month, sometimes withdrawn inside of the oral opening.
Wii)(is with an unusually convex posterior margin ; posterior cross-
vein very oblique, its anterior end muth more approximated to the
apex of the wing, than the posterior end ; the posterior angle of the
anal cell is drawn out in a very long, acute lobe.

The species upon which this genua is l)ased, cannot well be
placed in the genus Slictocfphala on account of the remarkaldo
difference in the outline of the wings as well as in the venalidii.

ORTALID^ — CALLOPISTRIA.

Ul

In other respects this species agrees witii the preceding genus in
tlie structure of the body; witli S. voHivaUs and vuu it even
agrees in the coloring and the picture of tlie body, as well us in
the bristle-like nature of the upper hairs ou the sides of the front.

1. C. aiiuulipes MAca. % J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 27.) Fapco-nii;ra,
a'.bido-pollinosa, et puiiotia uiaculiaque fusto-nigrid vaiiegata, tibiis
tai.sin.iue pallide luie.sceulibus, illis ingio-triaunulatis, hia apiceiu versus
iuluscatis ; ala hyaiiuae, maculis punutisquH iiigris confertiin asiiersje.

Brownisli-black, with a whitish pollen, pictured with brownish-black spots
aud dots; tibi* and tarsi pale-yell(»wish, the former with three black
rings, the latter brown towards their end. Wings liyaline, ilensely
covered with black spots and dots. Long. onrp. 1 0.14—0.15; J 0.17;
long. al. 0.16—0.18.

Syn. Plutystoma nnnulipes Macqitart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, p. 121.

The ground color of the body is brownish-black and opaque;
the pollen, covering it, is whitish-gray. Head of the same color,
covered everywhere with brownish-black spots, moreover, dotted
with brownish-black upon the front and the cheeks; upon the
posterior orbit especially there is a conspicuous short row of
hrownish-black spots. Front very broad, percej)tibly narrower
anteriorly, where it is yellowish or yellowish-red. Eyes rather
stronirly projecting. Antenna} brown, the first two joints and the
larfrcr part of the inner side of the third joint yellowish-brown,
sometimes much paler. Thoracic dorsum with brownist -black
dots, which coalesce into ill-defined, although regularly arranged,
ppots. Scutellum somewhat swollen, with four bristles, two
hrownisli-black longitudinal stripes and two blackish-brown dots,
upon which the lateral l)ristles are inserted. PlenriC liki-wise with
hrownish-black dots and spots; the latter ^brni two irregular and
incomplete longitudinal stripes. Pectus brownish-black, with a
brown, but little perceptible, pollen. Abdomen with brownish-
black dots and regularly arranged spots; the first segment of the
ovipositor is for the most part covered with a whiti.-^h-gray i)()llen
and punctate with brownish-black. Femora brown isli-ljlack, with
a more or less distinct, broad, irregular ring, covered with gray
pollen, and with black dots; the tip is pnle-yellowish. Tibiic
pale-yellowish with three regular brownish-black rings; the first
noar the basis, the last before the ape.^ ; tarsi of the same color
as the tibiae, infuscated towards the tip. Ilalteres pale-yellowish.

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142

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part hi.

Wings of an unusual shape, on account of the great convexity
of the posterior margin, hyaline, with black veins and nnmeroiis
partly only punctiform, partly rather large black spots of an
irregular sh.ape; the punctiform dots prevail in the middle, while
the borders of the wing are principally occupied by larger spots,
among which those along the posterior margin do not entirely
reach the latter. The peculiarities of the venation are indicated
above, among the generic characters.

Hab. United States ; very common.

Observation. — I do not entertain the slightest doubt that
Maccpiart's Platyaloma annulipes is the above-described species.
Ills description agrees perfectly well, with the exception of the
words : " face blanche, une petite tiche ronde d'un noir luisant de
chaque cote." All my specimens have, on the sides of the face,
or rather on the cheeks, nothing but brownish-black, opaque,
irregular spots.

Gen. IV. nriTE^VXIS R. Desv.

Charact. — General appearance: Trypeta-like.

Third (uitennal joint oval ; cheeks broad, clypeus small, projecting

over tlie edge of the mouth.
Wingx narrow in comparison to their length, a little more attenuated
towards the apex ; tlie first longitudinal vein beset with bristles
upon the portion only, which forms the limit of the very long
sticma ; before this spot the first longitudinal vein appears almost
bare, the pubescence beins, very short and delicate ; the two poste-
rior basal cells are comparatively large; the posterior angle of the
anal cell is pointed ; the posterior emi of both crossveins is nearer
the apex of the wing tban their anterior end, so that their position
is a very obliqne one.

The genus Mi/envia was established by Rob. Desvoidy for
Scatophnrja fai^ciata Fab. As Trijpeta scutellaris Wied. agrees
with that species in the above-enumerated characters, we can, for
the present, unhesitatingly refer it to Myenvis. The peculiarity,
however, of the PfproroUinn, of showing considerable plastic dif-
ferences almost from species to species, appears again in the two
above-named species. In P. acnfollnris Wied. the eyes are U.^s
round, the cheeks broader, the scutellnm less swollen, the cross-
veins less approximated, the longitudinal veins, instead of straiirht,
somewhat undulated, and the third and fourth longitudinal veins,
towards their end, not distinctly convergent, but parallel.

m

ORTALIDiE — MYEN'NIS.

143

1, ]?I. Scutellaria WiED. % 9* — Cinerea, antennis flavis. peililms tfx
fusco tfrttaceis, thoracis luargiue laterali utro-uiuoulato, acutello tiuuiilo ;
ala angustse, Iiyaliuse, faHuiola basali, fasuiis dualiiis discoidalibu^ aiiticH
coiniatis, plagatjue apicali ex iiijjro fusois piutae, prajterea in celluli;*
margiiiali et aubmargiuali luauulis aliquut fu^uid varicgatie

Vnr. % lascia discoiJali seuuilda iuler veuas trausveraaled late interrupt^.

Ciuereoud, witU yellow antennae and browniali-yellow feet ; the lateral
margin of the thorax with bhu-k spoid; tlie suutellum swollen ; the
narrow wings are hyaline; a small urossband at the basis, two cross-
bands, connecteil anteriorly, upon the middle of the wing and a large
spot upon the apex, brownish-black; moreover several browu spots iu
the marginal and submarginal cells.

Vur. % the second of the two bands upou the middle of the wiug, is
broadly interrupted in the middle.

Long. Corp. 0.17—0.18; long. al. 0.17—0.18.

SVN. Trypeta scutdlaris Wikdemann, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 484.

Trypilu/ scutellurU Lokw, Mouogr. of N. A. Dipt. I, p. 92. Tab. II, f.

2U, 27.

Very like a Trypeta in its general appearance. Head com-
paratively high. The under side of the occiput rather tumid.
Front yellow, of a medium breadth, long, its anterior margin
rather projecting. Face somewhat retreating, a little excavated,
iiifuscated inferiorly, covered with a pale-colored dust ; antennal
foveas hardly indicated. Eyes oval. Cheeks brown, very broad.
Proboscis not perceptibly incrassated. Palpi short, but broad,
of a dusky reddish-yellow; clypeus small and narrow. Antennai
ochro-yellow; the third joint oval, altogether rounded at the end ;
arista rather long and bare; it is thin at " ; end, but gradually
stouter towards the basis. The upper part of the thorax dark-
gray from a thick dust; the ground color of the humeri more or
loss ferruginons-ycUow. Upon the lateral border of the thorax
tliore is an irrcguh;r row of, for the most part contiguous, black
spots; the largest among them is near the posterior corner; one
is higher upon the upper part of the thorax than the others and
near the transverse suture. The hairs and bristles are also placed
upon very small, and but little perceptible, black dots. Sentellnni
with four bristles, rather turgid, of a shining dark-brown, with a
clay-yellow median stripe; sometimes the clay-yellow color is
more extended. Pleurrc blackish-brown, the posterior part ve'-
lowish-brown. Abdomen of the male cinereous; the penultima.e
segment shining-black, more thickly dusted towards the posterior

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DIl'TEllA OF NOUTII AMEUICA.

[pAilT ;ii.

margin, and lience gray and opaque; the last segnaent is similur
to tiie peuullimutu, only the dust on the posterior margin is less
extended. The female has a blackish-gray abdomen (its eulur-
ing, however, seems ^o have been unnaturally modilied in the
four specimens which 1 had for examination) ; at the basis of tlio
last three segments a darker coloring is perceptible, but it is nut
shining. The flattened, broad, yellowish-brown ovipo 'tor is but
very little attenuated towards its end. Feet brownish-yellow,
the front femora at the basis, the four ptjsterior ones near tlie
apex, brown. The more maturely colored male has the greater
part of the femora dark-l)rown, the lirst half of the tibiaj and a
faded ring upon the middle of their second half, yellowish-bruwu.
Wings comparatively long and narrow; the 6rst longitudinal vein
reaches far beyond the middle of the anterior margin and is beset
with bristles along the sidt of the very long stigma only ; the
longitudinal veins have a very irregular undulated course; both
crossveins have their anterior end nearer to the root of the wing,
than the posterior end; the r position is consequently a distinctly
oblique one and both are slightly bisinuated; the third longitu-
dinal vein is not beset with bristles. Both small basal cells are
rather large in size; the posterior angle of the anal cell is strongly
pointed; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel
towards their end. The stigma is brownish-black ; a brownish-
black picture is contiguous to it, which has almost the shape
of an inverted V ; it is formed by two crossbands which are
coalescent in front; the first is broader and runs from the basis
of the stigma over the basis of the discal and of the third poste-
rior cells rather perpendicularly, almost reaching the posterior
margin of the wing, while the narrower second band takes an
oblique course over both crossveins, as far as the posterior
margin ; a short, but rather broad brownish-black crossband runs
from the humeral crossvein as far as the basis of the anal coll;
upon the apex there is a very large blackish-brown spot, bcp-in-
ning at the end of the marginal cell and extending to the tip of
the second posterior cell ; in the submarginal cell, between this
large spot and the preceding crossband, there is a brownish-black
spot of a considerable size, which, however, is very variable in
different specimens; the portion of the marginal cell situiitcd
between the stigma and the apical spot has blackish-brown,
brownish and almost hyaline spots; a small spot of a much darker

e tip of

'cn tliis
;h-black
able in

itiintcil
•brmvii,

darker

ORT ALID ja — D AS Y M KTOPA.

Ii5

tinge lies near the onterior side of tlie sofoml luiigitudiual vein,
be^ow the point of the stigma. Tiie picture of the wings seuiiid
to be rather variable, the end of the exterior costal cull being
sometimes blackish-brown, sometimes hyaline; the other dark
spots are sometimes faded upon their middle, sometimes also less
extended. In a male in the Berlin Museum, the only specimen
of that sex which I have seen, the crossband covering both cross-
veins is broadly interrupted between them (compare the figure in
Monographs, etc.. Vol. I, Tab. II, f. 26). At first, I supposed
this diDference to be a sexual one, but I doubt this now, since I
have had an opportunity of ascertaining the great inconstancy of
the picture of the wings of the female.

Hah. Mexico.

Observation. — The figures given in the Monographs, etc.. Vol.
I, Tab. II, f. 26, 27, are sufficiently correct as far as the picture
of the wing is concerned, but the outline of the wing is not well
rendered; they are represented as too broad in proportion to
their length.

SECOND DIVISION.
OETALIDiE HAVING TIIE FiBST LONGITUDINAL \ BIN BaRE.

First Section: Ulidina.

Gbn. I. DASYMETOPA Lobw.

Charact, — Front broad, narrower anteriorly, abundantly bairy on the

whole surface, the hairs cn its sides not longer.
A'itennce rather short, tliirc Joint elongated-oval, with a thin, bare

arista.
Face not ezcav .ted, descen'ing vertically; clypeus projecting over

the border of the mouth ; opening of the mouth not large ; proboscis

but little thickened.
Thorax bristly on its hind part only; scutellum with a rather even

surface and with four bristles.
Wings broader than those of the related genera; sti'craa of a very

conspicuous size; posterior crossvein oblique, its anterior end being

much nearer the apex of the wing than the posterior; the last

section of the fourth longitudinal vein is strongly bent forward ;

the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a point.

The general nppcnrance of the species of this eenns is very
much like that of Trypeta; the coloring of the species nt present
10

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146

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

known is not metallic. The peculiar venation di.stinguislics llie.se
species from all the others of iLe present groi.p. Tlie typical
species is D. lutulenla Loew (lierl. Eu'om. Zeitschr. XI, :i>j,j;
Tab. 11, fig. 1), from Surinam.

No Dasymetoijae from 2sorth America are as yet known.

Oen. II. OEDOPA Loew.

Char act, —Ilead conspicuously large ; front unusually broad ; ocelli on the
edge of the vertex, very closely approximated.

Antenna very short and very distaut from each other; third joint
rounded, with a ti.in, bare arista; frontal fissure running in an
almost straight line from antenna to antenna; no frontal lunule.

Face broad, somewhat conve>c, with a small excavation under each
antenna ; its lateral portions conspicuously broad, distinctly
separated from the middle poiiion.

Eijes rather round, but somewhat broader than high, comparatively
small, hardly reaching the middle of the height of the head ; heuee,
the cheeks unusually broad.

Clypetis not Iwrseshoe-shapcd and thus Burrounding the proboscis,
but lobiform, connate with the anterior edge of the comparativi-ly
small oral opening ; jiroboscis small.

Thorax with bristles on its hind part only; scutellum flat, with four
bristles.

Wiugs : the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its
tip, is somewhat curved forward and thus convergent towards tlie
third vein ; posterior crossveiu curved in the shape of an S; poste-
rior angle of the anal cell drawn out in an elongated point.

The body appears very bare on account of the sparseness and
shortness of the hairs, as well as of the shortness of the bri.«tles.
The structure of the head resembles somewhat that of some South
Asiatic Ortalidse, while similar American forms have, before
now, not been known.

1. O. capito LoEW. % 5.— (Tab. IX, f. 1-3.) Albicans, fascia frontis
tenui, thoracisque vittis nigris, in snpero faciei margiue maculis atiis
tribns, lateralibus ovatis, mediH didym&.

"Whitish; front with a Mack transverse band, thorax with black longitu-
dinal stripes ; the upper margin of the face with three deep black spot^ ;
the lateral ones oval, the middle one double. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.2;';
long. al. 0.15—0.22.

Syn. Oedopa capita Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr XI, p. 287, Tab. II, f. 2.

Head yellowish-white, only the middle of the occiput somcwliat
blackish; the ocelli are placed upon a punctiform black dot; the

ORT A LI n a: — OEDOPA.

147

very broad front lins, somewhat below its middle, a narrow,
gently curved, blackish crussl»and, above wliieh tlie single, riitlier
sparse hairs are inserted in small, somewhat darker colored pits;
this is not the case below the crossband; no stripes run from the
vertex down along the orbits of the eyes. Antennaj yellow, the
place of insertion of the arista infuscated or blackened ; between
the eye and the antenna there is, on each side, a transversely-
oval, velvet-black spot; between the antennoe and next to the
frontal fissure is another velvet-black transverse spot; which
consists of tvo small semi-oval transverse dots. The face,
including the ci)'pcus and the very broad cheeks, is more whitish
than the front ; tiie cheeks with a very delicate, easily rubbed
off, whitish down. Eyes during life with two narrow crossbands,
which are sometimes perceptible even in dry specimens. Palpi
yellow, with delicate, pale hairs. Thorax and scutellum whitish-
yellow; the dorsum of the thorax with six parallel, blackish
longitudinal stripes ; the two intermediate ones extend also over
the flat scutellum. rieura9 with three blackish longitudinal
strip(!s, the upper one of which occupies the border between the
dorsum ;ind the pleura; quite downwards, moreover, there is a
stripe-shaped black spot, which, however, seems to be produced
by the rubbing off of the dust on the upper part of the pectus.
Abdomen flat and rather narrow, whitish in consequence of the
very dense dust which covers it ; the ground color, I'owever, is
blackish, except the posterior part of the last segment in the
female; the short, black hairs are inserted on small black dots,
which are so closely approximated in the vicinity of the lateral
border that they appear confluent, as irregular longitudinal spots;
the last segment of the abdomen of the male is very much
elongated; the first segment of the female ovipositor is attenuated
towards 'its end, otherwise it looks like the remainder of the
abdomen; its punctuation, however, is much closer and finer;
its adaptation to the abdomen is po ciuse, that it might easily be
taken for the last abdominal segment, especially when, as often
happens, the black second and the yellowish third joint of the
ovipositor arc altogether withdrawn into it. Feet yellowish with
whitish dust; the posterior femcra generally with a blackish spot,
on the underside before the tip; all the tibia? with two black
rings, the upper one of which is narrower and usually interrn|)ted
ou the upper side of the tibia ; fore tarsi blackened beyond the

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148

DIPTERA OP NOIITH AMERICA.

[I'AUT iir.

tip of the first joint ; the other tarsi hiackcned to a siiiallor extent,
llaltcrcs yellowirih-white. Wings rather hjaiine, of a dirty
whitish tinge; the second and the next following longitudinal
veins, as well as the crossveins which connect them, are Lla( .v ;
the other veins yellowish; stigma small, of the same coloring us
the rest of the wing; the picture of the wing consists of five l)rii\vii
spots with somewhat paler nuclei ; three of them are in the
marginal cell, near the anterior margin : the first, which like tlio
second is obliijue, is placed at the tip of the first longitudinal
vein I the last is at the end of the marginal cell ; beyond this is
the fourth, a transverse spot in the submarginal cell, immedialoly
under the tip of the second longitudinal vein; and again under
the latter is the last spot, which is rounded and i)laced in the
first posterior cell. The last three spots have the appearance of
a narrow, very much shortened transverse band, which appearance
is more distinct in those specimens, in which these spots arc
somewhat larger than usual. The small crossvein is beyond the
middle of the discal cell, but before the tip of the first longitudinal
vein.

Mab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden),

Gen. III. IVOTOGRAmiWA Loew.

Charact. — Front of an equal, rather considerable breadth, scrobiculate.

Antennce rather long ; third joint elongated, with a thin, bare arista.

Face very short, the anterior edge of the mouth very much drawn
upwards ; cli/peus considerably projecting over it.

Thorax with bristles ou ita hind portion only; scutellum flat, with
sharp edges.

Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point ; second
half of the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein very much
Lent forward; posterior crossvein perpendicular; auxiliary vein
unusually short, and hence, the narrow stigma very long.

1. IV. stigma Fab. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 5.) Nigro-chalybea, thorace
lineis alternantibus nigris et Iffite vireacentibua variegato, alarum limbo
oostali macu'isque parvis nigris.

Blackish-steelblue, thorax with lines, showing alternately a blackish and
a pale-green reflection ; wings with the anterior margin bordered with
black, and with small black spots. Long. corp. 0.11—0.16 ; long. al. 0.1.

Stn. Miisca stigma FABRicins, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 663, 72.
Musca stigma Fabricids, Syst. Antl. p. 303, 96.
Dacus obtu'us Fabkicics, Syst. Antl. p. 278, 30.

>^•l

ORTALlDiB — NOTDCillAMMA.

149

Ulidia stigma Wieukma.vn, AuH.i. Zweifl. II, p. 505, 1.
Notoijramma cimicijunuis Loi^w, Uurl. Kutuui. Zvitduhr. XI, p. 289, Tab.
II, fig. 3.

Head rather disciform. Front reddish brown, scrohiculate,
roniarkubly hairy; llie ratiier conspicuous stripes, descending
from the vertex ulonjf tliu orbilH of the eyes, and the elongated
oeelhir triangle are .steel-biuissh, shining; llie ocelli are placed
near the edge of the vortex, and are approximated to each other.
The first two antennal joints brownish-black; the elongated third
joint brownish-briekred, brown towards the tip. Face and
clypeus metallic blaekish-green, but little tinged with blue. The
dorsum of the thorax lia.s numerous black longitudinal stripes,
which are separated by finer lines, having a metallic, light-green
reflection and traced as if with a trembling hand. I'leune
metallic blackish-steclbluc, strongly tinged with greenish; above
the fore coxie with ft large si)ot, covered with white pollen;
from this place to the suture which runs down from the root of
the wings, the pleura; are covered with deep-black, punctiform
dots, upon which single hairs are inserted. Scutellum rather
large, flat, sharp-edged, metallic greenish-black, but rather dusky.
Abu omen shining, blackish-steelblue; the first segment of the flat-
tened ovipositor is of the same color, and attenuated towards its
end. Feet black; tarsi briek-red, the foremost ones from the tip
of the first joint, the four posterior ones from the tip of the second
joint, brownish-black ; the hind tibiae somewhat compressed.
Halteres dirty-yellow. Wings comparatively short, rather hya-
line, with conspicuous, black veins ; the costal and marginal cells
have an altogether block coloring, which forms a l)order along the
apex of the wing, extending from the tip of the marginal cell
across that of the sulmmririnal and of tlie first posterior cells; it
becomes less intense her ; in the submarginal cell, above the
small crossvein, there is a black dot and farther towards the apex
a small, triangular black spot ; between the two again a black lon-
gitudinal line, which extends as far as the triangular spot; the
picture in the first posterior cell is a similar one, only the first
black dot is wanting and the two other block spots are somewhat
more a[)proximated to the apex of the wing; in the discal cell
there are also two blnck spots, ttie smaller one before, the larger
one beyond its middle ; the second posterior cell is marked in the

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DIPTKRA (»P NOUTII AMERICA.

1 'I

[part III.

niiildlu with a ])Uiictitorni black dot;' linully, in tliu third coil, not
far beyond tiio tilth ioiif^itudiuul vein, thi-ro arc two «ucot's.sivc
puiK'lifurin hiafki.sli spots; tiie siimil cr<jssvt'iii is in tliu middle
of the discal cull ; ilut posterior crossvcin is straight.

llab. Cul»a (Guudlach).

Observation. — The accurate knowledge which 'NViedemaiui hud
of Fabricius's collection enables us to admit hia authority us to
the synonymy of Dacun uhtumis Fab. with Musca uliyma Fui).
Wiedemann had a large number of specimens of iJ/».sxa atiijuia
(wliich he placed in the genus Ulidia) for comparison, and il is
upoti the ground of this comparison that he adirmed that the
presence or absence of a pale spot upon the black border of the
costa does not constitute a specific character. \Ve can therefore
safely accept the synonymy of JUuxca atitjma Fab. with Koto-
gramma cimiviformia Loew, the latter being the variety iu which
the pale spot is wanting.

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Qen. IV. EUPHARA LoEir.

Charact. — Front of an equal, moderate breadth ; scrobionlate, coarsely

hairy.
Atitennm almoBt more than of medium length; third joint elongated,

with a thin, bare arista.
Face excavated; clijpeus projecting.
Thorax with bristles on its hind part only ; scule/liim convex, with four

brJHtles.
Wings: Posterior angle c. the anal cell drawn out in a point ; the last

section of the fourth longitudinal vein parullel to the third ; tiie

small crossvein rather approximate to the posterior crossveiu ; tlie

latter perpendicular.

The principal characters which distinguish this gcnns from the
following one, to which it stands nearest, are the shorter and not
attenuated stigma and the parallelism of the third and fourth
longitudinal veins. Moreover, all the species of this genus seem
to have black crossbands on the wings, while in those of the next
following genus only the costal cell, the stigma, and the apex of
the wing are blackened. The typical species is Ceroxys coerulea
Macq. (Dipt. Fxot. Suppl. Ill, j). 02, Tab. VII, f 6), from
Brazil, again described by me as Euphara coerulea (Berl. Ent.

' It is inadvertently omitted in the figure; the spots in the nest cell
likewise are but very feeblv maik«d.

are but very feebly marked

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i I

ORTALin.E. — APUOSTICTA.

151

Zeitschr. XI, p. 291, Tab. II, f. 4 ; tlit- figure of the wing is re-
proiliicod ill Uie prosciit voliiiiio, Tab. IX, f. 4).
I liuvti uut SUCH uiiy Xoi'th Ainuriuuii Uupharee yet.

Oen. V. ACROSTICTA LoEtr.

Charact, — Front of an equal, uiodeiate breadth, Bcrobiculate, 'rather

coarsely hairy.
Antennie rather short ; the third joiut elougate-ovate, with a thiu,

bare arista.
Fate excavated, clyppua projecting.
Thorax with bristled uu its hind part only ; scutellum convex, with four

bristles.
WitifjH : posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point ; the last

section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges towards the third

longitudinal veiu ; posterior orossveiu perpendicular ; stiguia narrow

and very long.

The difference between this genus and the preceding has been
mentioned under tlio head of the latter. The characters which
distinguish Acrostivta from Euxcsta are : the elongated shape of
the third antennal joint, the front, which is marked with pits, tho
stouter proboscis and tiie very long, narrow stigma. The picture
of the wings resembles that of the species of Seoptera, except
tliat the somewhat turgid front of the latter shows no vestige
of pits and the face is not transversely excavated, but cariiiate.
As typical species may be considered either A. atrobiculata Loew
(Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 21);}, Tub. II, f. 5) or A. foveolata
Loew (ibid. p. 294), both fntin Brazil.

Xo Xorth American species is as yet known.

Gen. VI. SEOPTERA Kirbt.

Charact. — Front of equal breadth, somewhat elevated, with very short

hairs.
AntenniB rather long, the broad third joint elongate-oval, with a thin,

bare arista.
Face carinate, clijpeus projecting.
Thorax with bristles on its hind part only ; scutellum convex, with four

bristles.
Wings comparatively long ; the posterior angle of the anal cell pointed ;

the very long last section of the fourth longitudinal veiu converges

towards the third vein.
Feet somewhat longer and moie slender than those of the related

genera.

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152

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part hi.

Kirby called this genus Seioptern. Following tho usual rule
of latinization, 1 niodiliod the name to Seoplera. Later, l{o\>,
Desvoidy called this genus Myodina; this name, how( ver, cannot
supersede the older one of Kirby, which, moreover, characterizes
very well the peculiar habit of the species belonging here.

1. S. colon LoEW. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 6.) Nigra, nitida, fronte rufa,
antmniis et facie ex rufo flavis, alarum macula apicali triaugula et
cellulae costalis basi nigris, stiginate subfusco.

Shining black, front red, antenna and face reddish-yellow ; a triangular
spot on the apex of tbe wing and the basis of the costal cell black;
stigma brownish. Long. corp. 0.19 — 0.21 ; long. al. 0.19 — 0.22.

Syn. Seoptrra colon Loew, Berl. Eut. Zeitschr. XI, p. 296, Tab. II, f. 6.

Of a shining black, somewhat bluish-black color; the abdomen
more glos?y than shining. Front oi a licry red, opaque, alimg
the orbit of the eyes with a delicate line, powdered with white
pollen. Antennae yellowish-red ; the third, elongate-oval joint
is rather broad. Face and clypeus brilliant reddish-yellow, the
latter often, the former seldom, tinged with chestimt-brownish.
On the dorsum of the thorax there are two narrow lines of
whitish pollen, which extend beyond its middle ; they are easily
overlooked, although very distinct in well-pre.served specimens.
Feet black, the tips of tho femora and tibiae and the basis of the
hind ta^sl have a reddish-brown tinge, even in specimens of the
darkest coloring; in lighter specimens this coloring is brownish-
brickred, and extends not only over the greater jtart of the tibiie
and the hind tarsi, but is also perceptible at the root of the fore
tarsi. Halteres pale-yellowish. Wings hyaline ; costu, auxiliary
vein, and first longitudinal vein black; the other veins much paler,
generally yellowish when seen in a reflected light. The costal
cell blackened as far as the humeral crossvein ; the stigma, as
well as the whole subcostal cell, at the end of which it is placed,
brownish ; at the apex of the wing there is a triangular bliick
spot, which covers the extreme tip of the marginal cell as well as
the tip of the submarginal cell, and crosses a little beyond the
third longitudinal vein. Tho small crossvein is nearly under the
middle of the stigma, but beyond the middle of the discal cell ;
the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is particularly Imig,
straight, gradually converging towards the third ; tho anal cell is

ORTALIDJE — EUXESTA.

163

broad and has a sharp posterior augle, although it is hardly
drawn out in a point.

Hab. New York (Osten-Sacken) ; Illinois (Kennicott).

Observation 1. — This species, as far as I know, is undescribed,
altliough not absolutely now, because "Wiedemann, as his collec-
tion shows, received it from Say under the name of Ortalis colon.
Harris, ii' his Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, also has
0. colon, which is undoubtedly the same species. I preserved
the name which Say gave it, although I do not find it described
in his works.

Observation 2. — Seoptera colon is so exceedingly like the
European S. vibrans Lin., that as long as I had only inditferently
preserved specimens of it, I took it for the latter si)ecios.
Although the diiferences are only slighi, they are so constant that
the specific distinctness of the two species cannot be called in
doubt. The front of S. colon is somewhat broader than that of
S. vibrans; the two whitish stripes of the thorax in ,S' colon,
although but little apparent, can easily be traced beyond the
middle ot the dorsum, while in S. vibrans it is not without
diflBculty that their anterior end alone can be perceived. The
abdomen of S. colon is always less shining, v d its blackish color
more bluish, while S. vibruns has it more blackish-green. The
costal cell of S. colon is blackish as far and even a little beyond
the humeral crossvein ; in S. vibra,ns this cell is entirely hyaline
as far as its extreme basis ; the stigma of S. colon is brownish,
that of S. vibrans black or brownish-black ; finally the black spot
at the tip of the wings is somewhat ditfereiit in both species ; that
portion of it which crosses the third longitudinal vein is of more
equal breadth in S. colon, whereas it becomes more narrow
towards the margin of tlie wing in <S. vibrans.

Gen, VII. El'XFSTA Loew.

Charact. — Front of equal, medium breadth, «ven, rattier coarsely hairy.
Anteniim short, tlie third joint almost round or rounded-oval, with a

thin, bare arista.
Face, more or less excavated, rliipeux jrrojeoting.
Thonix with bristles on the hind part only ; scuffffum convex.
Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point; the

last section of the fourtli longitudinal vein converges towards the

third ; posterior crousvein perpendicular.

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154

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AUT HI.

The general nppcarauce of tlie species belougiiiT' here is not
unliko Trypeta. Legs sliurt. Tlje coloring is .uetallie; tiie
black picture of the wings consists either of some large spots
along the anterior margin or of crossbands. The plastic cliurae-
ters of the species do not allbrd any features for their satisfactory
distribution into groups ; for this reason the following three
groups are merely based upou the picture of the wiugs.

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1st Group. Wiiigs with spots along the anterior margin.

1. E. spoliata Loew.— (Tab. IX, f. 7.) Viridis, uapite pt-dibuj-quo
flavid, extreiuo femorum apice fusco, tibiid anticid fere lolin, reliijuaium
apice tarsinque inde ab articuli priini apice uigris, alarum stigmate
uigro, mauula subapicali uigricante.

Green, head and feet yellow, the extreme tip of the femora In own, fore
tibiie almost tiutirely, the tips of the four posterior tibiae and the tarsi,
from the tip of the first joint, black; wiugs with a black stigma and
with a blackish spot immediately before the tip. Long. corp. 0.12;
long. al. 0.12—0.13.

SvN. Euxesta spoliata LoEw, Berl. Eut. Zeitschr. XI, p. 298, Tab. II, f. 7.

Metallic-green, shining ; the color of the scutellura and of the
anterior segments of the abdomen is somewhat more bluish-green.
Head yellow ; the upper part of the occiput is blackish-green;
front ferruginous-yellow; the swellings descending from the
vertex along the orbit of the eyes and the immediate vicinity of
the ocelli is metallic greenish-l)lue. Antennae of a dark ferrugi-
nous-yellow ; third joint round. Face shorter than in most of
the other species. Clypeus yellow, protruding considerably
beyond the anterior border of the mouth, although projecting hut
little in profile. Feet yellow ; all the femora distinctly infus-
cated at the extreme tip; fore til)i!B rather stout, brownish-black,
before the middle with an incomplete yellow ring; the interme-
diate tibia; are blackened at the extreme tip only, the hind tibiae
also at the tip. but to a greater extent; the first joint of the hind
tarsi is yellow, except the tip ; the following joints are black (the
intermediate and hind tarsi are wanting in the described speci-
men) Halteres yellowish. Wings pure hyaline with pale clay-
yellow veins; extreme root of wings pale yellowish; the hist
section of the fourth longitudinal vein is but very sligiitly
arcuated, but converges in its whole length towards the third vein,
its tip thus approaching very near this vein; stigma blackened;

I;. M,!l

OUTALlDiE — EUXESTA.

155

immediately before the tip of the wing there is a blackioh spot,
which readies from the anterior margin to the third longitudinal
vein and covers the extreme end of the marginal cell; the extreme
eud of the submargiiial cell is uot covered by it. It may be that,
iu more fully colored individuals, this spot is darker.
Uab. Cuba (Kiehl).

2. E. piisio LoEw; 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 8.) Viridis vel ex chalybeo
viiiilirf, thoracis dorso albido-poUiiiosjo, pedibus piceo-nigris, geiiibus,
tibiarum apii tj tarsis^ue tutis luteis, aiaiuiu stiguiatu et luauula buba-
picali uigriit.

Oreeu or bluish . n ; dorsum of the thorax covered with a white pollen ;
feet piceous-blacK ; kuees, tips of the tibiae aud the whole of the tarsi
of a dirty-yellow ; wings with a black stiguia and a black spot imme-
diately belore the apex. Long. corp. U.12; long. al. 0.13.

Sf.N. Euxesta pusio Loew, Berl. Eut. Zeilschr. XI, p. 299, Tab. II, f. 8.

Metallic bluish-green; thorax aud seutellum rather opaque, in
eousequence of a comparatively dense white pollen; abdoineu
shining ; its first segment of a dirty-yellow towards its sides. The
very broad first segment of the Hattened ovipositor is ahaost as
long as two-thirds of the abdomen. Head of a reddish-brick
color; the sides of the front, the frontal lunule, the face, including
the elypeus and the cheeks, are covered with a rather dense,
white pollen. The black hairs on the front are not conspicuous.
AntenntB brownish-ferruginous, or rusty-brown ; third joint round.
Face rather short, consideral)ly excavated ; elypeus but little
projecting beyond the o]ieniiig of the month. Occiput appa-
rently altogether metal 1 'ilaok, but the ground color is very
much concealed by a thick whitish pollen. Feet piccous black;
the second joint of the coxa?, the knees, almost the whole latter
half of the tiltioe and the whole tarsi dirty-yellow or brick-red.
Haltcros whitish-yellow. Winers somewhat whitish hyaline, the
veins pale ; stigma of a blackish color, which, on its first half,
extends as far as the middle of the marginal cell ; immediately
before the apex of the wing there is a black spot, extending from
the anterior border a.-s far as a little beyond the third longitudinal
vein, the tip of the marqrinal cell i,>^ also covered by it, that of the
suhmarginal cell, how*-v«-r. is not ; the last section of the fourth
lonjritudinal vein in it^~ irbtde course, converges towards the third
and comes very near it at its tip ; it is uot perceptibly arcuate.
Hub. Calu* (Gundla^ih).

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156

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

3. E. notata Wied. % 5.— (Tab. IX, fig. 9.) Chalybeo-nigra,
abdomine fetuinsB fascii apicali flavd, ornato, pedibus nigris, gcnibus,
tarsoi'uiuque basi rufis, alarum uiaculia duabus uigris, alterd, cor^tali
miuutsl, altera, apicali trigone, celiulse costalis basi et stigmate cinereis.

Blui^h-black, abdomen of the female with a yellow crossband at the tip,
feet black, knees and the root of all the tarsi red; wings with a small
black dot in the middle of the costa and with a larger triangular spot
at the tip ; basis of the costal cell and stigma gray. Long. ocrp. 0.15—
O.IG; long. al. 0.15.

Syn. Oitalis notata WiEi). Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 462, 9.

Euxesta notata Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitsihr. XI, p. 300, Tab. II, f. 9.

Of a bkckish-steelblue, general! f verging ou green-blue, often
with a violet hue on the middle of the abdomen ; rather shining.
Front of a saturate yellowish-red, sometimes almost yellowish-
brown; with a whitish pollen along the lateral orbit of the eyis;
the black hairs are scattered and not conspicuous ; the swellings
running from the vertex downwards, along the borders of the
eyes, generally also the immediate vicinity of the ocelli are shining
bluish-black «r black. Antenna; brown, ferruginous-red at the
basis, which color is more extended on the inner side ; third joint
rounded. The very considerably excavated face, together with
the rather pn^jecting clypeus are bluish-black, very shining ; the
upper portion rather densely pollinose, and hence opaque, the
ground color not being distinctly visible ; the lateral swellings
of the face are tinged with brownish-red and thinly whitish
pollinose. The female has the latter part of the last abdominal
segment, as well as the basis of the ovipositor of a saturate yellow
color; in the male, I have never observed any trace of this yellow
coloring. The first sepnient of the very much flattened ovipositor
is of a very moderate breadth, brownish-black, but with a more
or le^s distinct coppery-red reflection. Feet black, femora in
part metallic-black or bluish-black ; knoes and the root of nil the
tarsi brick-red, on the front tarsi this red generally reaches only
as far as the middle of the first joint, on the hind tarsi as far as
tho tip, on the intermediate ones as far as the basis of the next
joint. Knob of halteres yellowish; stem generally infuscatcd.
Wings hyaline with ratlier dark veins; at the tip of the costal
cell there is a small black dot, which extends posteriorly as far
as the second longitudinal vein; at the apex of the wing tliero is
a larger triangular black spot, occupying the end of the sub'

■ ^0

ORTALIDiE — EUXESTA.

157

marginal cell and crossing to a small extent the third longitudinal
vein, but being exactly limited by this vein near the apex of the
wing; the costal cell is tinged with brownish-gray as far as a
little beyond the humeral crossvein ; the stigma has the same
color, but this is sometimes more blackened, especially towards
its end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein convergeg
in its whole course towards the third vein and approaches it con-
siderably towards its end; shows, however, hardly any perceptible
curvature ; the fifth longitudinal vein does not quite reach the
margin of the wing.

IJab. District of Columbia, New York, Illinois, Connecticut
(Ostcn-Sackcn).'

Ohi<ervalion. — Wiedemann gives a description of the male of
this species which might easily lead to the conclusion that he had
before him a species different from the one I have just described.
According to his statement, the male has, on the posterior margin
of the penultimate abdominal segment, a saturate yellow cross-
band. But as Wiedemann's collection contains as Ortalis votuia
the very species which I described under this name and as, among
a considerable number of males which I have before me, not a
single one is provided with such a crossband, I am compelled to
come to the conclusion that Wiedemann mistook the sex of the
specimen from which he drew his description ; he may have had
before him a female the ovipositor of which was bent under the
abdomen.

4. E, nitidiventris n. sp. 9 .— Nigro-viridis, nitida, aMomine
feminae toto lenfO-viridi et nitidissimo, pedibus gilvis, tibiis aiiticis totis
posterioribusqne adversus apict-m lufuscatis, tarsis adversus apicera
fusco-nigris, alarum maoulis diiabns nigris, altera costali iiiinuta, alteri
apicali trigona,, cellule costalis basi lutea, stigmate ex luteo ciiiereo.

Shilling black-green, tbe entire abdomen of tbe female metallic-green, very
shining. Feet saturate yellow, tbe entire fore tibiffi and tbe posterior
ones towards their tip. infuscated ; tarsi brownisb-black towards the
tip; wings with a small black dot on tbe middle of tbe costa and with
a larger triangular spot at tbe apex of the wing ; basis of tbe costal cell
clay-yellow; stigma yellowish-gray. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.15; long. al.
0.14—0.15.

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the pulp of an osage-orange {Madura). — 0. 8.

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158

DIPTERA OF N»)RTII AMERICA.

[PAUT

Dark-green, shining, the abdomen altogether of a vivid metallic
green, very shining. The femora of a saturate dnrk-yellow ; this
coloring cliange.s into browuish on the fore tibia? from the very
basis, on the posterior tibiaj farther down ; the fore tarsi are
saturate yellow at the basis as far as the tip of the first joint, the
posterior tarsi nearly as far as the end of the second joint, beyond
this the tarsi are brownish-black. The basis of tiie costal coll is
clay-yellow, or pale ferruginous-yellow, as far as a little beyond
the humeral crossvein ; the stigma is yellowish-gray. In all
other respects this species is so very like E. notata, that one
would be inclined to take it for a mere variety of coloring, unle.^s
the much lighter coloring of the feet, combined with the darker
coloring of the much more shining abdomen, proved the contrary.

Hob. Texas (Belfrage).

S* E. COStalU Fab. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 10.) Nigro-chalybea, pedibus
nigris, geuibua tarsorutnque basi rufis, alarum maculU duabus luagnis,
altera coatali, alterd apicali, nigris.

Blackish-steelblue, feet black, knees and roota of tbe tarsi red ; wings
with two large black ppots, tbe first in tbe middle of the costa, the
second at the apex of the wing. Long. corp. 0.15 ; long. al. 0.15.

SvN. Musca costalis Fab. Ent. Syst. IV, p. 3G0, 196.
Dncus costalis Fab. Ent. Syst. Antl. p. 278, 25.
DncHu actileatus Fab. Syst. Antl. p. 275, 14.
Orlalis costolis WiED. Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 464, 13.
Eiixesta costalis Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 301, Tab. II, f. 10.

Very like both preceding species, but easily distingniphcd by
the narrower front, the absence of a yellow crossband at the end
of the abdomen of the female, the perceptibly larger size of the
black spot on the middle of the anterior margin of the wings, the
altogether black stigma and the course of the fifth longitudinal
vein, which reaches the margin of the wing. Blackish-bluc,
shining; the head brick-red or of a rusty-red; front anteriorly
of a more saturate coloring, narrow, somewhat whitish pollinogc
on the orbit of the eye ; the hairs upon it are rather sparse and
not at all conspicuous; the stripes, descending from the vertex
along the orbits of the eyes and the immediate surroundings of
the ocelli are steel-blue, shining. Occiput blackish, its lower
portion and a spot back of the region of the ocelli, brick-rcfl.
Antennae brick-red or more yellowish-red ; third joint rounded-

ORTALlPiK EVXKSTA.

150

oval, generally somewhat infuscated on the outer siilc, towards
the tip. Tlie larger portion of the rather excavated faee shows
a st(Mjl-blue, shining color, which is hut little concealed by the
whitish pollen ; the projecting clypeus also has a steel-ltlue
ri'floction. The flrst joint of the flattened, black ovipositor is of
moderate breadth. Feet pitch-black, femora almost bluish-black,
knees and basis of all the tarsi brick-red. Ilaltcres of a dirty-
whitish or yellowish color. Wings; hyaline, almost grayish, with
very dark veins ; the root of the wings up to the humeral cross-
vein and a little beyond, blackish ; the whole stigma, as well as
the tip of the costal cell and a spot connected with the latter
and reaching as far as the fourth vein, are black; at the apex of
the wing there is a large, triangular black si)ot, covering the tip
of the marginal and the end of the submarginal cell, and, more-
over, crossing to a considerable extent the third longitudinal
vein, so that its posterior 'iniit is not far from the fourth longitu-
dinal vein and runs parallel to it. The last section of the fourth
longitudinal vein is only very gently curved and converges
towards the third in its whole course, approaching the latter
considerably towards its end.
Hah. West Indies (coll. Wled.).

6i E, quaternaria Loew. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 11.) Nie:ro-violacea,
dimidio apicali abdomiuia flavo, alarum niaculis costalibus quatuor

nigris.

Blackish-violet, second half of the abdomen yellow ; wings with four spots
along the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.14; long. al. 0.13 — 0.14.

Syn. Enxesta quaternaria Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, 302, Tab. II, f. 11.

Blackish-violet, the middle of the thoracic dorsum, a large
portion of the pleurge and th' sides of the abdomen often more
hlackish-blue. Front rather narrow, ferruginous, along the orbits
of the eyes with a very delicate border of white pollen and with
coarse black hairs ; the little stripes, running from the vertex
down the sides of the front are blackish, but hardly shining.
Antennae ferruginous-brown, more reddish at the basis, sometimes
of a lighter coloring; the third joint is rounded. Face, including
the but little projecting clypeus and the cheeks brownish-red, less
excavated than in most of the other species. Occiput for the
most part black. Thoracic dorsum with a thin covering of
whitish-gray pollen, and hence but little shining ; more so on its

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sides; tlic pleurae likewise are rather .shiniiig. The anterior part
of the abdomen of a metallic durk-violet hue; the apical half
yellow, sometiuit'S with a dark stripe in the middle. The first
segment of the very much flattened ovipositor rather broad and
long, black, usually with a bronze reflection. Feet black, only
the extreme tip of the femora reddish-brown and the basis of all
the tarsi brick-red, Halteres yellowish, the stem usually infiis-
cated. Wings hyaline, with four black spots on the anterior
margin ; the first among these spots, jjlaced on and immediately
beyond the humeral crossvein, extends as far as the basis ^f the
anal cell, so that the extreme root of the wing itself is hyaline ;
the second spot, covering the tip of the costal cell and the very
short stigma, with the exception of its extreme end, runs perpen-
dicularly and preserves the same breadth, as far down as the
fourth longit'idinal vein, beyond which it is still perceptible as
a blackish-gray shadow; the third black spot lies opposite the
posterior crossvein, is of an elongated triangular shape, and
reaches with its tip as far as midway between the third and
fourth longitudinal veins, the fourth spot has an irregularly
rounded shape and lies quite near the apex of the wing ; it
covers the extreme end of the marginal cell and the end of the
Bubmarginal with the exception of its extreme tip ; on its poste-
rior side (that is the side which is nearer the basis of the wing)
it crosses the third longitudinal vein ; the last section of the
fourth longitudinal vein, which is distinctly, although not strongly,
curved, converges in its whole course towards the third longitu-
dinal vein, without approaching it more, however, than in the
several preceding species.
Ilab. Cuba (Gundlach).

,, I,

2d Group. Wings with two, very much abbreviated, crossbanda.

•y. E. binotata Loew. %. — (Tab. IX, f. 12.) Nigro-clialybea, capite,
lateribus sfgnientorum abdominalium prinii et secwndi feinoribiis()iie
luteis, tibiis tar»isqae fnsco-nigris, alarum fasciis duabus postice v.Mu
abbreviatis uigris.

Dark steel-bine, the bead, the sides of the first two abdominal segments
and the femora yellow ; the tibiae and tarsi brownish-black; wings wiiii
two very much abbreviated blauk bands. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al.
0.13.

Syn. Euxesta binotuta Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 304, Tab. II, f. 12.

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ORTAUDiE — EUXE8TA.

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Head dark-yellow; front rather broad, with a very narrow
border of white pollen ; the hairs upon the front are not con-
spicuous. The stripes descending from the vertex along the sides
of the front and tiie ininiediate surroundings of the ocelli are
steel-bluish, somewhat shining. Antenna; dark-yellow; their
third joint rather round. Face rather excavated, with a white
pollen which is less dense in the vicinity of the anterior border
of the mouth, and from under which a faint steel-blue rellectiou is
still visible. Clypeus but moderately projecting over the anterior
edge of the mouth, generally of a dark-yellow color, seldom with
a faint trace of a steel-blue reflection. The up|)er portion of the
occiput, with the exception of a large spot behind the vertex, is
steel-blue, with a whitish pollen. Thorax stocl-bluish, with a
rather whitish pollen and hence but moderately shining. Scutel-
lum, metathorax and abdomen bright, shining, almost metallic
black ; the sides of the first and second segments of the abdo-
men have a yellow coloring, which, however, usually does not
reach the posterior margin of these segments and sometimes is
more expanded in the middle. Front coxa; and femora dark-
yellow ; tibioj, with the exception of the extreme basis, and the
tarsi brownish-black, llalteres whitish with a dirty-brownish
stem. Wings hyaline; immediately beyond the humeral cross-
vein there is a small black spot, which extends, in the shape of a
crossbaiid, as far as the root of the anal cell ; the rather long
stigma is black ; from its basis a black crossband extends in a
somewhat oblique direction as far as the middle of the discal cell ;
immediately before the apex of the wing, another black perpendicu-
lar crossband is situated ; anteriorly it is somewhat widened, poste-
riorly it crosses the fourth longitudinal vein , the last section of
the fourth longitudinal vein is moderately but distinctly curved,
and converges with the third longitudinal more in its latter half
than in its first. The intervals between the black crossbands of
the wings of this species, as in most of the others, by transmitted
light assume a rather iiidi.stinct white coloring, in a similar light,
however, the apex of the wings of this species assumes a very
striking whitish coloring.
Hab. Cuba (Gundlach).
11

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8. E. annonac Fah. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. i;^.) Nigro-clmlyliea, fasdls
alarum nigris quatuor, seuuiuU podtiuo abbreviate et reliquia paulo
latiori.

Dark steel-blne ; wings with four black bnmlH, the second of which in
abbreviated pcsteriorly and is somewhat broader than the others.
Long. Corp. 0.14— O.lfi ; long. al. 0.14—0.16.

Syn. ^/usca annonm Fab. Ent. Synt. 358, 189.

Tefiliritis itnnotue Kau. Syst. Antl. IV, p. ;{20, 19.

Orudis (intionae Wied. Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 4()3, 11.

Urophora quudrivitlata Macq. Suites, II, p, 4.')6, 5.

Euxesta utinona Lokw, IJerl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 305, Tab. II, f. 13.

II<'ad brick-red; the little stripes riinninpr down fnnu the
vertex and the rep^ion of the orelli stoel-bliic, ratlier shiiiitiir: tiic
larger portion of the oeeipiit blackish, with a grayish-white pulli n.
The front is of only moderate breadth; the hairs upon it me
strikingly coarse, more dc -e upon the pollinose lateral Imiihrs,
scarce upon the remaiiid. . of the surface Antennoj l)rick-r((l,
third joint rounded-oval, towards its end brownish and niuic so
on its outer than on its inner side. The face is very iniMlcratily
excavated ; the clypeus moderately pnjjecting, both with a stcil-
blue reflection and a white pollen. Thorax of a very dark coldr,
verging sometimes on green, sometimes more on steel-blue cr
violet, and always covered with a rather den.«e whitish pollen. Tl:e
scutellum is of a still more dark violet-black color, and less polli-
nose. The abdomen is of a metallic, but very dark bluish-black
or violet-black color. The first segment of the flattened ovipo.'sitor
is generally still darker. Fore coxae, with the exception of their
basis and the tip of the hind coxae, brownish-brickred, the former
with a white pollen. Femora black; the first pair, and genenilly
also the last, more metallic-black; all are brownish-brirkren at
the tip; tibire blackish-brown; dark brick-red at the tip and often
also at the extreme root; tarsi brick-red at the basis, blackish-
brown towards the tip. TTalteres clay-yellow. Wings hyaline,
with fonr black crossbands. The first lies upon and a little
bcvond the humeral crossvcin and reaches the basis of the anal
cell ; the second begins at the anterior margin with the hut
moderately long, black stigma and the blackened extreme tiji of
the costal cell; it is perpendicular and reaches beyond the lifth

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ORTALin.E — EUXESTA.

163

longitudinal vein, witlmut, howcviT, rcachitig llio margin of tho
wing; the small t'roj>s\L'iii lies exactly upon its external liiiiit;
tlic internal one is alwayrt sinuate in tlie vicinity of tlie tii'th
Idiigitudinal vein ; tlie third and fourth liaiids are connected at
tho anterior margin ii such a manner, thnt the hyaline space
but ween them reaches either exactly as far as the second longi-
tudinal vein, or goes very little beyond this \( in ; the tliird Iniml,
which is nearly straiglit and rather perpendicular, runs over the
posterior crossvein and almost reaches the posterior margin of the
wing; the fourth crossband is of considerable breadtli, reaches
as far as the fourth longitudinal vein and is continued oven
lioyond it, in the shape of a gray shadow; the second half of
the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very gently-
curved anteriorly, so that it converges towards the third longitu-
dinal vein, without approaching it, however, to any considerable
extent.
JIab. Cuba (Gundlach).

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9, E. Thomae Lof.w. % 9 .—(Tab. IX, f. 14.) LsBte chal.vWa, niti-
dissima, alarum fasciis nigrin quatuor Hubintegria, ultiniia tribus latia.

Bright steel-blue, very sbining ; wings with fonr black crossbands, the
lasit three of which are broad. Long. corp. 0.14 — U.15; long. al. 0.14
—0.15.

Syk. E. Thnmm Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitscbr. XI, p. 306, Tab. II, f 14.

Very like the preceding species, although very probably a
distinct one, notwithstanding the great resemblance in all the
plastic characters. The diflerences are tho following : the whole
coloring of the body is of a lighter and more brilliant stecl-ldue,
which often verges on violet in the middle of the abdomen. Tho
thoracic dorsum is much less pollinoso. The second crossband
of the wings is broader, approaches more the posterior margin
of the wings, and is not sinuate on its inner side in tho vicinity
of the fifth longi' idinal vein. The third crossband is much
broader than in E. annomv, especially its anterior portion ; the
fourth band crosses the fourth longitudinal vein a little, or else
the gray shadow beyond the end of this vein is somewhat darker.

Hah. St. Thomas (Westermann).

10. E. abdominalis Lof.w. % 9.— (Tab. IX. f. ^h.) Cbalybpo-
nigra, abdominis bast sordide luted, alarum fnsciis nigris quatuor
integri^, uUiuiia duabus ad cotstam angui^te cuhaerentibus.

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104

DIPTERA OF NOKTH AMLUICA.

[PAIIT III.

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Ului-sh-hlack, with a diity-yellow liarilrt of tlit» abilouien ; wlngrt with four
coiiijilt'te l)lnuk oroHHliuniU, the lust two of whidi me (.•minm'tfil l.y a
nniruw Btripu at the ooata. Long. coip. 0.12— U.14; h»iig. al. 0.1:i—
U.14.

Byn. Kuxesta ahilominalis Loew, Deri. Eiit. Zfitschr. XI, p. 307, Tab. II, f. ir>.

Head bi'ii'k-rod or br(>\viiish-l)rickrttl ; tlio sniuU stripes run-
ning down from tlio verlox uloll^: tliu oiliits of tiu! eyes und tliu
surroundings of the oet'lli, aro stocl-itliio, shining; uhnu.st tlie
wLolf occiput is black, willi a grayisii-wliilc i)looni. I-'ruiit
rather narrow ; rather dense and conspicuously coarse hairs upon
tiio lateral borders, wliicli are covered with white pollen ; tlio
hairs upon the remainder of the surface arc very scuroe. Antunniu
browni.><li-briekred, or brick-red ; in the latter ease the roundid-
oval last joint is nutrc or less infuscated towards its end. The
face is moderately excavated, usually for the most part with a
shining steel-blue reflection ; Its white bloom is very thin along
the edge of the mouth. Clypeus only moderately projecting, wilh
a more or less distinct steel-blue reflection on the sides. Thorax
of a shining, blackish-steelblue color, which usually verges some-
what on green tipon its dorsum. Scutellum and ntetathorux
still darker greenish-black, not pollinose. Abdomen more greeni&h-
black than bluish-, or metallic-black, at the basis always dirty
elay-yellow. The coloring of the first segment of the flattened
ovipositor is the same as that of the abdomen, or a more purely
black one. Fore coxsb, at the tip at least, brownish-briekred,
with white pollen; femora black, more or less metalescent, with
a brownish-briekred tip ; tibiae bhiekish-brown, only the extreme
tip reddish-brown ; tarsi reddish-brown at the root, otherwise
blackish-brown. Ilalteres whitish or yellowish. Wings with
four not abbreviated black crossbands. The first is broader than
in the two preceding speci"s, but is likewise placed upon and
immediately beyond the humeral erossvein, and extends as far as
the basis of the anal cell. The second band begins at the ante-
rior margin with the black tip of the costal cell and the black
stigma; it is rather broad and gradually expands in approaching
the posterior margin so that, at this place, its breadth exceeds
considerably that of the other bands ; the small erossvein lies
exactly upon its outer margin. The third band likewise, which
runs over the posterior erossvein, has a considerable breadth and
a very perpendicular position. The fourth band runs along the

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ORTAMDyK — EIXESTA.

ir.5

npox of the wing; it is uIhij rutliiT broud uiid roacli»'S beyond llio
i'liut'tli lungitudinul vein; iLs conncclion witli tint tliird Ixind iit'iir
(lie costtt is ratiMJf narroNv, so tluil tlii) livalint' spucd, inclosed
Ijutween them, almost reuflies tlie costa anteriorly. 'I'lie last
section of tiie fourth longitndiiuii vein iw ffenlly nn-nate and
Hiiglitly converges in its latter half towards the thinl longitudinal
vein (the figure does not give this quite correctly).

Jlab. CuImi ((iundlach).

Observation. — The Museum nt Vienna contains a couple of
specimens taken in Cuba by I'oppig, which differ, however, by
tlioir distinctly snialler size, ns well as by a 8oniewliat dilferent
picture on the wings; all the four black bands are dissolved into
oval black spots, covering the veins, the portions of the Itnnds
lying inside of the colls are crossed in the middle by gray stripes.
A ck)ser examination, however, proves conelnsively that these
gpocimons are incompletely ( olored ones of E. nhdnminnlis. The
gmull size is probably due to the greater contraction in drying
of these unripe specimens.

11> E. alternans Lnew. %. — (Tab. IX, f. 16.) 0))Roure chalybea,
alarum fasciis nigris quatuor iiitegrid, ouinibua separatis, t«rti& relifjiiis
multo angustiore.

Dark Rteel-blu«<, wings with fonr complete black crossbamls, entirely sepa-
rate from each other ; the third much narrower thau the otliers. Long.
Corp. 0,13; long. al. 0.13.

Syn. Euxesta alternans LoRW, Berl. Ent, Zeitschr. XI, p. 308, Tab. II, f. 16.

Head brick-red or brownish-brickred; the little stripes running
down from the verte.v along the orbits of the eyes, as well as the
surroundings of the ocelli, of a shining steel-bino; the wholo
occiput blackish, with a whitish pollen. Front rather narrow,
with coarse hairs which are more dense on the somewhat whitish,
pollinose, lateral borders and more sparse on the remaining
surface. Antennae brick-red or yellowish-red, the third joint oval.
Face very much excavated ; with the exception of its lower, con-
siderably projecting, portion, it has a steel-blue reflection, but is
so thickly covered with a white pollen, that the bluish ground-
color is but little apparent. Clypeus rather strongly pro-
jecting, brownish-brickred, sometimes with a steel-blue reflection
on the sides. Thorax and scutelluni of a rather dark, steel-blue
color, which turns somewhat to greenish-blue on the thoracic

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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dorsum ; the latter is but little polliuoso. Abdomen dariier
steel-blue, shining, especially on the sides. Feet black; tliu
knees and the first joint of the intermediate tarsi briek-red, the
first joint of the hind tarsi brown or reddish-brown towards
the basis. Ilalteres yellowish-white. Wings with four blaik
unconnected bauds. The first of them lies, as in the preceding
species, on and immediately beyond the humeral erossvein and
reaches the basis of the anal cell. The second band begins at
the black stigma and runs, exi)anding somewhat, as far as the
jH)sterior margin, in the vicinity of which it gradually becomes
fainter; the third band is narrow, perpendicular, and covers the
posterior erossvein ; the fourth runs along the apex of the wing,
is even broadei than the second and completely isolated from the
third ; beyond the fourth longitudinal vein, it becomes Vviry fiiint.
The last section of the fourth vein is rather strongly curved and
its latter i)ortion converges towards the third vein.

JIab. J3razil? Cuba? (Vienna Museum).

Ohsei'vation. — The description is drawn from a male specimen
in the Vienna Museum, i.ibelled : Mann, Toscana 1840. As I
have seen the same si)ecics, in other collections, marked as
Brazilian, I take the designation of the Vienna Museum to be
erroneous. I am con'',^ned in this supposition by the fact that
next to the above-mentioned specimen is placed another, a
female, pinned on the same kind of pin and labelled in the
same manner, which, however, is a specimen of U. stigynalias,
received hitherto from Cuba and Brazil only. Thus it appears
evident that both specimens were sent by the same collector, pro-
bably from the same country ; and as E. sti(jmatia,^ is a coranion
species in Cuba, the conclusion is not too far fetched that both
specimens came from that i.iland. This is the reason why 1 did
not like to omit U. allernans in this volume.

12. E. stigniatias Loew. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 17.) Nigro-viridis.
macule atr^ inter autennas sita insignia, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor,
ultiiuis duabus ad costam conjanctis.

Blacliisb-green, conspicuous by a deep black spot between the antenna;,
wings with four black bands, the last two of which are connected near
the costa. Long. corp. 0.13—0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15.

Syn. Euxesta slujmatlas LoEW, Rerl. Knt. Zcitficbr. XI, p. 310, Tab. II, f. IS.

Head dark metallic-green or almost steel-blue. Front uf a
dusky-red ; the little stripes running down from the vertex along

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the orbits of the eyes, as well as the woIl-dcFined occllar triaii^He,
shilling steol-'.jlue. Tlie lateral bunlor of tho trout shining and
gc'iiorally willi a rather distinet steel-blue reduction ; iinuu'diatcly
aljove each antenna, a trace of a small swcllinj"; is diseeriiil)le.
The hairs on the front are not conspicuous, moderately dense on
the sides, very scarce on the remaining surface. The first two
joints of the antennai brownish-black, the rounded-oval third
joint reddish-yellow from the basis a-' far as the arista, more
brownish beyond it. Face very much excavated, shining steel-
blue, with a whitish pollen on its upper part oidy ; above this,
just between the antennae, is a conspicuous, velvet-black spot.
Clypeus very much projecting, sliining, steel blue, pollinose on
the margins only. The rather broad orbital circles of the eyes
brick-red below, at the lower corner of the eyes. Thorax dark
metallic-green, somewhat verging on steel-blue; the dorsum with
a very thin gray pollen. Hcutelluni blackish-green. Ab(h)men
of the same color as the thorax, but darker, often with a stronger
steel-blue reflection; the last abdominal segments of the male
sometimes more bronze-colored. The first segment of the
flattened ovipositor metallic-black. Feet black ; the tijjs of the
knees and the basis of all the tarsi browtush-brickred. Jlalteres
while-yellowish. Wings with four black crossljands. The first
lies, as in several other species, on and immediately beyond the
humeral crossvein and extends as far as the basis of the jinal cell.
The .second baud, which is rather broad, begins at the costa with
the blackish end of the costal cell and the black stigma; it is
generally very much fainter beyond the fourth longitudinal vein
and disappears entirely between the fifth vein and the posterior
margin of the wing; the small crossvein lies nlmost exa<'tly upon
the outer nmrgin of this band. The third band, which is ])er-
pendioular, runs over the posterior crossvein and reaches the
posterior margin of the wing alnin<t completely; it is broader
anteriorly than j)osteriorly, and is connected with the fourth band
on the inside of the marginal cell, ,«o thut the hyaline interval
between these bands extemls exactly as far ns the secoml longi-
tudinal vein. The fourth band, lying iilong the apex of the wing,
is also rather broad and extends as far as the fourth longitudiiml
vein. The last section of the fourth vein is distinctly curved and
in its second half converges towards the third longitudinal vein.
Hub. Cuba (Gumllach) ; lirazll (coll. Winlh^'in).

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168

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

13. E. elUta Loew. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 18.) Nigro-viridis, snl.-
chalybesuen.s, macula atra inter antennas sitii in.sigiii.s, alarum t'u^^^iis
nigris quatuor, secumid, latissinia st-d uiaxiuiS. ex parte valde eliita,
t«rtia et quarta iu uellula uustali per uiauulam liyalinam separati.-i.

Blackis.i-greeu, verging on steel-blue, conspicuous by a deep black Sfuit
lying between the antennae ; wings with four black bauds, the secon I
of which is the broadest, but, for the most part, \iij pale; the third
ani^ fourth are separated by a hyaline spot, lying in the costal cell.
Long. Corp. 0.14-0.15; long al. 0.14—0.15.

Syn. Euxcsta eluta Loew, IJerl. Ent. Zeitscnr. XI, p. 312, Tab. II, f. 19.

Front roJ or brownisl>-red ; the little stripes, (le.'^eeii(liii<r from
tlie vertex along the orl)its of the e}TS and the well-defined ocellar
triangle, are shining steel-blue ; the hairs on the front are not
striking, moderately dense on the but slightly pollinose lateral
borders; otherwise very searce. Occiput blackish-steelblue, with
a grayish-while bloom. Antennas ferruginous-brown or reddish-
brown, more brick-red at the basis of the third joint; sometimes
the second joint has the same coloring. Face rather excavated,
generi^lly steel-blue, or at least reddish along the anterior edge
of the mouth only ; in some rare cases it has a light steel-blue
reflection on its upper part, the remainder brick-red; exactly be-
tween the antenme is a conspicuous velvety-black spot; clypeus
but little projecting beyond the ■ Ij. of the mouth, reddish-brown,
with a steel-blue reflection ; the orbits of the eyes brick-red or
brownish-red near the lower corner of the eye. Thorax dark
metallic-green; in less mature specimens greenish steel-ljliie.
Thoracic dorsum only slightly pollinose. Scutellum more black-
ish-green or blackish-blue. The color of the abdomen is not
unlike that of the thorax, but is darker and verges on bluish;
its middle sometimes almost violet; the last segments of the
male abdomen sometimes bronze-colored. Front coxas, except
the root, brick-red, with white pollen. Feet black, the tips of
the knees and the root of all the tarsi l)rick-red; the tip of the
middle tibine likewise is generally brick-.red ; sometimes the
extreme tip of the front tibia; shows a brick-red coloring. Hal-
teres yellowish-white. Wings with four black crossliands. The
first lies upon and immediately beyond the humeral crossveii)
and extends to the extreme basis of the anal cell; it is raiher
narrow and often pal'id. The second crossband is of cn-
piderable breadth, begins near the costa with the infuscatcd tip
«f the costal cell aud the black stigma ; but beyond the third,

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ORTALIDiE — CIIvETOPSIS.

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or the fourth longitudinal vein it is so very faint that it extends
to the posterior margin of the wiiij.' in the shape of a gray
shadow; the«small crossvein lies, whi'U the hand is not too pale,
almost exactly upon its external margin. The third band passes
over the posterior crossvein, is narrow and generally rather i)ale,
except in the vicinity of the anterior margin ; towards the poste-
rior end of the crossvein it almost disappears ; from the fourth
band it is separated by a rather large, whitish-hyaline spot in the
marginal cell ; behind the second longitudinal vein fully colored
specimens have, on the outer side of this third band a rather
distinct gray shadow, between wliich and the fourth band only a
narrow, whitish hyaline interval remains, from which, however,
the above-mentioned hyaline spot near the costa is completely
isolated. The fourth band, which lies along the apex of the wing,
extends as far as the fourth longitudinal vein, or else it crosses it
in the shape of a gray shadow. Tlie last section of the fnirtli
longitudinal vein is rather strongly curved and convergent towards
the third vein.
Hub. Cuba (Gundlach).

Gen. VIII. CHiETOPSIS Loew.

Charact. — Front of medium breadth, somewhat narrower towards the
vertex, with a row of bri.stly hairs ou the lateral border ; the
remaining surface not hairy.

Anti'time rather short ; thinl joint very little excised on the upper
side, witli a sharp anterior corner and a thin, bare arista.

Face but moderately excavated ; clypeus but little projecting over the
anterior border of the mouth.

Thorax with bristles on it.s posterior part only ; chjppus convex, with
four bristles.

Wimjs : posterior angle of the anal cell drawn ont in a point ; last
section of the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its end, but very
little convergent with the third vein ; posterior crossvein perpen-
dicular.

The species known to me are conspicuous for the striking
length of the bristles, inserted on the posterior part of the tliora.\
and on the scutellum. Their coloring is metallic ; the wings are
ailorned with well-defined black ('r(issl)aii(ls. Tliey cannot well
be coiifouiuk'd with the species of the preceding genus, on account
of their greater slenderness, and more especially, on iiccount of the
(lilTcrent shape of the third antennal joint and o*" the front, wliieh
is hairy on its lateral borders only. Froui tht two aexi *"' •Homing

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[I'AKT III.

pi'iH'ra, whicli likewise have tlie third aiiteiinal joint witli ii sharp
anterior aiiji:Io, the spccii'S of the present g"emis are sulliciciitly
distinguished by their h'ss sleniler shape and {\h' dilVrreni
tjti'uetui'e uf the uuul cell, uut tu nieatiuu other eharaelers.

1. r. npiU'Sl WiKD. % 9.— (Tal). IX, r. 10.) VinMirt, antennis fuson-
iiigris, basi tiiuuMi articuli turtii lut*«il, alls tril'asi;iiitis.

Mi'tallif-i,'ret'n ; antt'iiniB browiiisli-Mack, tlit* l)asis of tlif tliinl joint yel-
low ; wings with tlireo bauds. Long. corj). U.IG — n.18; long. iil. (M7
—0.18.

SvN. OiidHs (triea WiKD. Ansa. Zwcifl. II, p. 4(12, 8. . '
Oiiiilis lri/'iisrl(it,i Say, .louni. Ai'ail. I'liil. Vi, p. 184, 3.
(/ro/ihora fdlri/riDis Macq. Dipt. Mxot. Stipi)l. V, p. 12'), Tab. VI. f. 0.
Clidtopsis ceiwa Lokw, Uerl. Knt. Zeitsclir. XI, p. 3ir), Tab. II, f. 21.
Tnipvtn {Aciura) whm V. d. Wulp, Tijdsohr. voor Knt. 18(i7, p. 137,
Tab. V, f. 12—14.

Front red, on each side with a broad band, whieii is rov<'re(l
with white jxdlen. The ocelli rather far distant IVoni the edjjo
of the verte.\; the reunion of the ocelli, as well as the little stripc-j
descending; from the vertex alonj; the orbits of tlui eyes 1110
blackish-green, only very little shining. Frontal Innule with
white j)ollen. Antenna) rather short; the first two joints brown,
the second sometimes ia part brownisii-yellow ; the third juint
rather broad, very little excised on the upper siile, always with
a sharp anterior angle, brownish-black, reddish-yclldw at the
basis. Face only little excavated, steel-bluish, but rather o[ta(pie
on account of a whitish pollen; the edge of the month usually
brick-reil. The clypeus has but a small transverse diaMietcr and
is but little projecting over the anterior v^\y:,\i of the month.
Thorax and scutellum shining metallic-green, upon the dnrsum
with a trace of a white bloom. Abdomen of the .same cohir, or
soutewhat more bronze-green, the last joints of the male alxlomca
generally blackish-green. With less mature individuals the
coloring of thorax and abdomen is more bluish-green, and at the
basis of the latter an unmetallic, dirty-yellow coloring may be
seen. The coloring of the feet is varialde ; in .some specimens
thev are altogether pale-yellow, oidy a little darker at the tip of
the tarsi ; as this occurs it\ those specimens which have the basis
of the abdomen vellow, one might almost be led *o thp conelusioa
that they form a distinct .species; however, fh"atisfduk Mnnlni'ity
of all the other characters renders this conelu^iou v-jry inntiuliu*

i!-

ORTAI.IKiT': — OlIvKTOI'SIS.

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hie; darker sporiinciis have llu; color of llir feet tiioic Itrowiiish-
ytllow, tla: root of llu; I'roiit coxa; and tliti ii|> of I lie (iiisi «lark-
bniwii ; the Ift'iuorii of siwh spi'tMluens often slmw r(jiis|ticiioiis
l)l;i(k, iiH'tallie-f^icea loii<i;itu(liiial stripes; llie darkc-,! s|)ci'iiiK'ii.s
Imve tin' whole basal hall' of (he femora, and even more, of (lii.s
hlark colorinjf, whih; the tiltia; also are partly infiisealed.
ll;ilterert yeliowish-wliitc!. ^^'inJ^s with three hrownish-lilaek
l)aiids; the veins ar(! hiack upon these ijands, but orhre-yellow
elsewhere, which fjives the whole basal part of the win<f an
oehre-yellowish tinj^^;. The first l)and i)e{,niis at the eosta with a
short black stigma, is jjerpeiidieular and rather dark, as far as the
fdiii'lh loiijfitudiiial vein and even beyond; the remainder of the
band, as far as the ])osterior niarjj^in of the winfr, Im usually very
faint; iIk; small erossvein is a little b(!yond the margin ol" this
bund; the 8(;eund bainl runs over the posterior crossvein and Ih
])er)i('ndieular and rather bro-^d ; its posterior end i« very pale ;
with \\n' third i)and it is fi^enerally connected oidy by a dark
boi'iler alon<^ thecosta; sometimes, however, tiiis border becomes
bidadtr and extends in some sp<'ciniens as far as the second
loiiiiilndinal vein. 'I'lie third band, runninf^ alon^'' the apex, is
lik('\vi>e rather l)road, extends us far as tlie fourth longitudinal
vriii, and t'veii beyond it, in the shape of a pray shadow. The
last section of the fourth longitudinal vcdn, beyond its middle,
c inverses towards the third ; near its tip, however, this couver-
gvncy becomes again much less.

Hab. United Stales, rather common (Osten-Saeken); Louisiana
(Scliaum) Cuba ((Jiindlacli).

(Jh>^erv,afion 1. — The comparison of the types in Wiedemnnn'.s
collection do not allow any doubt about the deterniination of this
Pjd'cies; they belong to the variety of a paler, but not of the
palest, c(doring. Say's good description of Orlalix tn'fasciafa
refers to the variety with dark feet. That Mae(piart's Urophora
fiilvifronti belongs here seetns certain; that he placed the species
ill the genus Vrofthora is no objection, bticause he did the same
with several OrUilidiv; the figure of the wing, wiiicli he give.*, is
incorrect, as the conipari.son of the description shows; the latter
proves conclusively tha^ the second crossvein <»n the middle of the
wing is an arbitrary addition; it seems that Macquart drew the
small crossvein correctly on the extreme limit of the first crosB-
baud; later, however, iu finishing his figure, he noticed that iu

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AME 'CA.

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consequence of tlio very exaggerated breadth of the interval
between the Orst and vsecond bauds, tlie position of tlie small
crossvein with regard to the posterior one had beeorfte altogcllier
distorted, and in order to correct this, he may have drawn tlie
email crossvein a second time, at a correct distance from the lari^e
one. Mr. Van der Wulp has erroneously taken Chetlopsis ifnea
for a Trijpeta and, supposing it a new species, accidentally de-
scribed it under the same specific name.

Observation 2. — The Urophora eenea Macq. (Suites, etc.,
Dipt II, p. 458, 13), may be a synonym of the present species,
although I do not consider this as certain. The figure of the
wing, as given in Dipt. Exot. II, 3, Tal). XXX, f. 7, shows at
the basis of the wing an extensive and very conspicuous ijlack
spot, of which there is no vestige in C. aenea. It seems certain
that Uro])hora eenea Macq. is a species belonging ^o the present
group of Ortalidse.

2. C. debilis Loew. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 20.) Viridl-chalybea, antennis
totis pe(libus(iiie flavis, alis trifasciatis.

Greenish-blue ; the entire antennae and the feet yellow; wings with three
bands. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.11.

Stn. Clt(vtopsis debilis Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 318, Tab. II, f. 22.

Very like the preceding species, but smaller; the white bloom
forming a border on both sides of the front is comparatively a
little broader ; it has a single row of four bristles upon it, whereas
in the preceding species these hairs are much more numerous.
The antenna3 are altogether yellow and their third joint upon its
upper side is somewhat more excised. The stigma is compara-
tively smaller; the three bands have the same position, but are
less pale towards the posterior margin ; the last two are entirely
separated from each other, which is very seldom the case with
Choetopnis eenea; the last section of the fourth vein is much more
straight and shows only a vestige of a slight convergency towards
the third longitudinal vein. The coloring of the described speci-
men is not green, but greenish steel-blue; of a dirty-yellowish at
the basis of the abdomen ; but as it is a rather immature specimen,
these differences cannot have much weight. The first segment
of the flattened ovipositor is comparatively long.

JIab. Cuba (Guudlach)

ORTALIDiE — 8TEN0MTIA.

]73

!'»

Gen. IX. IIYPOECTA Loew.

Charact. — Front of an equal, ratlier considHrahle breaiUh, somewhat pro-

jecting when vi«wed in profilH ; delicately hairy on the sideii only.
Antennce short; third joint very much excised on the upper side, with

a very sharp anterior corner and with a tliin, hare arista.
Face not excavated, fiomewliat retreating on tliH under side; i-hjjieus

rudimentary, not projecting over the edge of the mouth, of a wry

small transverse diameter.
Thorax with bristles on its hind part only ; sculellum convex, with

four bristles.
Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell pointed, open; the lasV

section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges somewhat towards

the third; the posterior crossveiu perpendicular.

The species of this genus are considerably more slender than
the species of Chaclopxis and their shape is somewhat more like
that of Eumetopia. The third aiitennal joint, the shape of wliicii
reminds one of Ceroinjs,X\\ii rot excavated face, the rudimentary
clypeus and the open anal cell, are easy to recognize. Tlie
oviiiositor is conspicuously broad, and so closely joined to the
abdomen that it may bo easily mistaken for its last segment.
The typical species is //. longula Loevv, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI,
p. 319, Tab. II, f. 23, from Santos (in Brazil).

No North American species are as yet known.

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Gen. X. STEIVOMYIA Loew.

Charact, — Front of equal breadth, somewhat projecting in profile, hairy
on the sides; upon the remaining surface with two longer hairs
only.

Antennw rather short, third joint hardly excised upon the upper side,
but with a sharp anterior angle; arista thin and bare.

Face not excavated, somewhat retreating, with a slight depression
under each antenna; gently convex between these depressions;
clypeus of moderate transverse diameter, somewhat projecting over
the border of the mouth.

Thorax with bristles on its posterior part only.

Wings comparatively long ; posterior angle of the anal cell sharp, but
not pointed, last section of the fourth longitudinal vein about double
the length of the preceding section, gently converging towards the
third longitudinal vein ; posterior crossveiu rather perpendicular.

The striking slendernoss of the narrow Ixjdy and the metallic
ooloring, are points of resemblance between the species of this
geuus and those o^ Eumetopia; the picture of the wings is like-

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174

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part III,

wise a similar one. The former are at once distinguislicd, how-
ever, hy tlie front, which is not coiiically j)rojoctiiij^. They
are chnracterizcil also by the shape of the wing.s and the vena-
tion, which it will be easier to understand from the figure tliuu
from a de^scription.

1. S. teillli!^ LoEW. 'J,.— (Tab. IX, f. 21.) Chalybeo-viri<Hs, ppdibus
iiigriH, bnrii tar^oium rufil ; alia ciutreia, stigmate et plagH permagua
apicali iiigris.

dreenisb-steelblue, tbe feet black, tbe root of the tarsi red ; the grayish
wings liave a black stigma and a large black spot at the apex. Long.
Corp. 0.14; long. al. 0.13.

Syn. Slenomi/ia trnuis LoEw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 321, Tab. II, f. 24.

Front brown, almost black above, rather hairy along the orbits
of the eyes, upon the remaining surface only with two more
elongated hairs; the little stripes running down from the vertex
along the orbits of the eyes and the ocellar triangle are dark
blui.>^h-green, shining. Antennaj black; the second joint at its
upper corner to a certain extent dirty-whitish; third joint nithcr
broad, upon the upper side hardly excised, but with a sluiri)
anterior corner. Face somewhat retreating, with a distinct
depression under each antenna, longitudinally convex along its
middle, dark steel-blue, shining, but on its upper half with a tliin,
whitish bloom. Clypeus of a ver\- moderate transverse diameter,
but distinctly projecting over the upper border of the mouth, deep
steel-blue and shining. Palpi black. Eyes large and ratiitr
round, their horizontal diameter, however, is a little larger than
the vertical one. Cheeks narrow. Thorax dusky blue-grcon,
rather shining, scntellum greenish-black, but little shining, with
an entirely even upper .side. The narrow and long abdomen has
tlie same coloring as the thorax; however, towards its extremity
it gradually becomes more black and opaque. Feet black;
femora and tibiae with metallic, dark bluish-green reflections; tlic
extreme tips of the til)ia3 and the root of the tarsi are dark brick-
red, the remainder of the feet brownish-black. Ilalteres whitish.
Wings long and narrow, grayish, the root and a rather large spot
immediately behind the stigma lighter; the rather small, narrow
utignia is of a black color, which extends below it as far as the
second longltildinii) vein; the last third of the wings, beginning
M tli« tosta as far as the fonrllj longitudinal vein, is tinged with

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OKTALIDvE — EUMETOPIA.

175

Mackish ; this color, at its iniior border, between the third and
fourth k)iigitudiual veins, is very piUc, and extends soiuoliines as
a gray sliaduw even beyond tiie fDiu'tii vein ; the lir.st, secoiui,
llijrd, and liflh longitudinal veins are cunspieuous for their siout-
IR'SS and black color; the basi.s of the second vein and the portion
of it lying in the clear spot beyond tht; stigma, are of a paler color
and less stout. The snuill crossvein is immediately below or Init
little beyond the end of the stiti'nia; but always beyond the
iiiiildle of the diseal cell; the [jostcrior crossvein is perpendicular ;
the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is conspicuous for
its gr(;at length and converges gently towards the third ; anal cell
with a sharp angle, which is not, however, drawn out in a point.
Hub. Georgia.

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Gen. XI. EriWETOPIA Macq.

Charart. — Frn)tl very much projectiiif? aiitt^rioily, so tliat the licnd, seen
in profile, appears uoniual ; jpoii its Riiles and ita anteiior part it is
sparst'ly beset with sliorc, not, eiect, hairs.

Aiiti'iiiKP of middle sizf ; third joint oval, with a hare arista.

Fdci' iinnsually retrealinu. ahiio.tt horizontal, below em-h antenna
distinctly excavated anil with a small ridge between these impres-
sions; clypi'us small, but distinctly projectiug over tho anterior
edge of the mouth.

Wiiig^ narrow and rather long ; stigma very nftrrow, posterior angle
of the anal cell acute ; the last section of the fourth vein soiuewiiat
converging towards the third near tiie tip.

Tiio species of this genus are always bare, very slender and
have a metallic coloring; moreover, they are easily distinguished
by the extraordinary projection of their foreheads and the conical
prufde of their heads; the picture of their wings only consists in
a more or less extended black spot on the apex.

1. E. rufipes Macq. 'J, . — (Tab. IX, f. 22.) Viridis, pedibus Inteis ;
alarum apice nigro.

Grpen, ieet dark-yellow; wing3 with a blackish apex. Long. corp. 0.2;
long. at. 0.13.

Syn. Eumeinpin rufipes^ Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, p. ^8, Tab. VI, f. 2.
Eiunetopia rufipes Loew, I3erl. Ent. Zeitsclir. XI, p. 322, Tab. II, f. 2.5.

Front reddish-brown, often very dark, the projecting portion
on both sides of a lighter coloring; moreover, both sides of the
front have a white, pollinose margin; the sides and the anteriuf

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DIPTERA OF NORTU AMERICA.

[PAiiT iir.

portion bear somo acattorcd, short, ueithor numerous nor erect
hairs; tlio iiitle stripes ruaiiiu)^ down from the vertex uloiiji; iho
orbits of the eyea and oeeiiar triangle are of a shining niutullic-
preen; tlie latter is somewhat distant from the vertex. Anti'Miiiu
rather deep blaek ; faee and clypeus nKi.Jcrately shining, blui.sli-
bluck ; the lower orbit, lictwever, reiMish-brown, v/ith a nariow
wliite border. Palpi and probosei.s durk-yellow. The tiioriix,
the moderately eonvux seuleiluin, and the abdomen shilling
metallie-green ; the latter, however, becomes more opacjue iiinl
darker towards its end. The fore eoxuj altogether, the hl'l-oikI
joint of the pt)Sterior ones and tlie feet of a rather dark, sutiiruto
yellow coloring, but by no means red ; the front tarsi altogetiiir
and the tip of tlie i)osterior ones brownish-black. Wings narrow,
somewhat grayish-hyaline; the veins are tinged with yellow at
the basis and in the proximity of the anterior margin, as far as
the black spot on the apex ; this gives to those parts of the wings
a yellowish coloring ; the other veins are blackish ; a largo
brownish-black spot on the apex of the wing occupies almost one-
quarter of the length of the wing and extends beyond the fourtli
longitudinal vein. The small and narrow stigma is yellowish.
The snuiU crossvein generally lieS only a little beyond the end of
the stigma and very little beyond the miildlc of the discal cell ;
the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is perceptibly
longer than the interval between both erossveins, and gently con-
verges near its end towards the third vein; the posterior cross-
vein is always perpendicular; the posterior angle of the anal cell
acute.

Ilab. United States, not rare (Osten-Sacken).

S. E. Taripes Loew. 9 .—(Tab. IX, f. 23.) Viridis, femoribns nigris,
gunibus tibiisque luteis, alarum apicu nigro.

Grt'eii, femora black, knees and tibijB yellow ; wings with a blackish apex.
Long. Corp. 0.25 ; long. al. 0.12.

Syn. Enmetopia varlpes Loew, Rerl. Ent. Zeitsohr. IX, p. l^^l.

Eumetopia varipes Lokw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Xf, p. 323, Tab. II, f. 2<i.

Very like E. r^fipes, but easily distinguished on account <>f
the different coloring of the feet. Front almost black. The palpi
of the only specimen in my possession seem to be yellnwisii-
tirown. Scutellum more flattened than that of E. rxifijicx.
Coxa; and femora black with a bluish-grcea metallic feflectiuu;

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tiiiit^ Ijniwiiisli-yolluw; tarsi Ijrowa, the posterior oi\i;s palor at
the basis. Tlio first se<?iiit'iit of tho Uattoiicd ovipositor l)la('k.
The wings of the same outiiuo as those of J'J. rtijipcn, but tlie
veins at tlie basis and in tiie vicinity of tho anterior nuu-fi^in h'ss
yellow; tho small crossvoin is far beyond the middle of tht; discal
cell, and hence it is less distant from the posterior crossvoin ; tin?
fiflh longitudinal vein is interrupted at a somewhat greater
distance from the posterior margin of the win^ and the last
section of the fourth vein converges a little more toward-' tho
third; the blackish spot at tlie apex of the wing is jx-rceptibly
larger, so that it occupies more tiiaii one-fourth of the length of
the wing. All the rest as in E. rufipes.
Hub. Cuba (Uuiidlach).

Second Section : RiciiAnDiNA.
Gen. I. CO:¥ICEP!§ nov. gen.

Charact, — ficad in sliape like a long, somewli.a flattened cone; Front

rather broail, t-yefl ratlier distant from tlie posterior edire of tlie

head ; tlieir horizontal diameter somewhat lunger than the vertical

one.
The tirst two nntenmtl joints short, the third elongated and of equal

breadtli , arista liare.
The metdthoracic bristle indicated only by a hardly perceptible little

Iiair; prothoracio bristle not extant.
Scutrlhim with two iiristles.
Ahclnnin slender and elongated.
Femora not incrassated, unarmed; the underside of the hind ones

witli some rather stiff bristles.
Winij>t : posterior anj.'le of the anal cell abbreviated ; crosaveins not

approximated; the smaller one on the middle of the discal cell;

tht! third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel.

The ])resont genus is very like Eumciopia on account of its
narrow, elongated shape and its strongly projecting front. I
lilaco it here in order to bring it. as near as possilile to Eumetnpia,
although I am far from considering it as a typical genus of the
pi'oup Eichardina. It is distinguished from Eumefopia not only
ly the alibreviated angle of the anal cell, but also by the still
inure projecting forehead, by the somewhat turgid, cushion-
^^liiijiod occiput, and by the comparatively shorter, but broader
wings.
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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part III

It CaUigern.ap. % 9- — Moilicenitens, ni>;er, halteribusconcoloiilas,
coxis pedibusque lateia, alin uiiiereid, adveraus costaiu et apicuiu iiiu'i{;<.

Moderately shilling, black, witb the halterea of the same oolor; cox.-o ami
feet dark- yellow ; wings gray, tinged with black along the ant<-ri ^r
margin and towards the apex. Long. corp. % 0.15 ; 9 cuu^ terebri
0.21; long. al. 'J, 0.11; J 0.13.

Black, moderately shining, beset with short, nnconspicnnus,
black hairs. The bristles on the sides of the vertex of niciliura
length. Antennae deep black; third joint comparatively lonj,
of equal breadth, rounded at the end ; the bare arista of medium
length, perceptibly stouter towards the basis; the parts of the
mouth comparatively small and rather hidden. Abdomen loni:
and narrow, of almost equal breadth. The first segment of the
ovipositor, at the bftsis, lias the same breadth as the posterior
margin of the last abdominal segment; it is but little narrowtMJ
towards its end; it is clothed with a black pubescence which,
although by no means loii^* is nevertheless rather coiispiciiou-; ;
in some specimens its sides are turned upwards, so that it appears
narrower towards its end tuan it really is; the second and third
joints of the ovipositor are generally retracted within the first,
which might produce the impression that the species is a new
form of Micropezidfe ; when they are projecting, both prove to
be comparatively rather broad and the third ends in a short, l)iit
sharp point Coxse and feet are of a dark yellow color; the tar>i
are infuscated towards the tip: the hind femora with some stiff
bristles of moderate length on their under side, which, however,
do not resemble spines. Halteres blackish. "Wings gray with
black veins; the apex of the wings blackened and the costa with
a black border, beginning at the tip of the costal cell.

Hah. Texas (Belfrage).

Oen. II. RICHARDIA Rob. Desv.

Charaet. — Front of most species rather broad ; ocelli not far from the e<\ee
of the vertex ; the anterior one more distant from the posterior ones
than these from each other ; in the males of several species the head
is very much expanded transversely, as in the species of Achias.

Aritta pubescent, or short-feathery.

Mer-^thoracie and prolhomcic bristlex present, although weak.

Scutellum with four bristles ; metathnrax steep.

Abdomen narrow, still more narrowed towards the basis.

Front femora only moderately incra^sated; the intermediate ones not

■, t

I'.t

ORTALID.C — CYRTOMETOPA.

179

at all ; the hind fttmora very mcch inoraasated, beset with spines
on the under side.
Wiitfis: the croasveins approximated to each other ; th 4 third longi-
tudiual vein towards its tip ia more or less curved backwards ; the
tliird and fourth veins, for this reason, appear oouvergeut; posterior
angle of the anal cell obtuse.

The characters distinguishing this genus, which is peculiar to
America, are as follows: the rather ecjually narrow alxiomen;
the unarmed front and middle femora; the very much incrassated
hind femora, the under side of which is beset with spines; finally,
the crossvelns being approximated to each other.

The rather coarse hairs upon the feet of most species of
Richardia look somewhat like spines at the further end of tho
under side of the front and middle femora; although I have not
ol)served any real spines upon the under side of the four anterior
femora in any of the species which I have examined.

The mention of the presence of the prothoracic and mesotho-
racic brititle has been introduced among the characters of this and
of the following genera, wherever I was able to do so. But, as
in several cases 1 hud only a single, perhaps not particularly
well-preserved, specimen for comparison, or one in which this
character could not very well be ascertained, the statement about
the ahxence of one of these bristles is not to bo taken too strictly
until further confirmation.

The typical species is the well-knowu Richardia podagrica
Fabr., from South America.

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Charact. — Front broad, very much projecting in profile.
Arixta pubescent.
Femora strong, although not exactly incrassated ; all are beset with

spines.
WiH^s ; posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse ; crossveins not approxi-
mated to each other; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein con-
verges very much towards the tip of the third vein.

The typical species is the Odontomera ferrvginea ISracquart
(Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 215), in which, with tolerable certainty, I
recognize an American species.

The Odontomera macnlipennis Mncquart (Dipt. Exot. Snppl.
I), from Columbia, probably belongs to the genus Cnplometojn'a.

I have drawn the characters of this genus, as far as it was

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180

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

posrsible, from Macquart's Ktuloiiuiits. The charnflorH wliich
])rovent me from uiiitini^ tliis genus willi the followiiij;' are; tin-
front, very much proji-cting in pronie, the iinich shorter ami
stronger femora, the wings, wliieh are not attenuated towards thtir
Itasis, and the strong eonvergeney of the third and I'ourtli longitij.
dinal veins. If the auxiliary vein is really as far distaiit fruni
the lirst longitudinal as Maeciuart's figure sbowa it, this would
furnish one distinctive character more.

Gen. IV. STENOiHACRA dov. gen.

Charact. — (lenenil shape almust like Sfpaix.

Front rather broad, sonu'wluit narrower antftriorly.

Ocelli closely approximated to eauh otlier, almost iu the middle of the
front.

Anlfuniil arista with a very distinct pubescence.

No mesotlioracio and, to all apiiearances, no prothoracio bristle.

ScHtellum with two bristles ; tmialhorux sloping.

Abtlumen nariow, alnu.st pedunculate.

Feet slender, femora not incrassated, the intermediate ones attenuatfd
towards the end ; the liind femora a little longer than *he mid'lle
ones ; all are beset with spines towards the tip.

Wings rather large, very much attenuated towards the basis; poste-
rior angle rounded olT; the auxiliary vein very much approximated
to the first longitudinal, coalescing with it at the tip; the second
longitudinal readies the margin of the wing far from the ap.x; the
small crossvein is far before the miildle of the discal cell; the last
section of the fonrth longitudinal vein almost parallel to the third
vein ; posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse.

1. S. Gnerini Bio. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 25., Rufescens, pleiiris,
scutello, metanoto abdominiscjue basi nigris ; alje hyaliuae, striguli
Bubbasali et macule magu& apicali nigris.

Reddish, pleursB, scutellum, i.;.;iathorax and the basis of the abdomen
blacik; wings hyaline with a little black streak at the basis and a large
black spot at the apex. Long. corp. 0.20 ; long. al. 0.20 — 0.22.

Stn. Sepsis du^rini Rioot, De la Sagra, Hist, fisica, etc., p. 822, Tab. XX, f. 9.

Ferruginous-red, rather shining, the upper part of the occiput,
as well as the region of the vertex and the little stripes running
down from it upon the front, pometimes shining black, almost
metallic. Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly ;
the bristles of the vertex long ; the bristle in front of tlieiu,
inserted upon the little stripe, is likewise long, removed to almost
the middle of the front. The ocelli, near which the ordinary two

i !

ORT.VLlD-t — STKNdMACRA.

181

bristles arc jdacod, arc likewise reniovi'd to about the miildli* of
the front a;id are oln.-o to tin-ii otlicr, Aiiteiiiiaj dcsc'eiidiiig
to tlie edge of the iiiuutii ; the (irst two joints yclinw ; the
third more or less iiifu-st-ated ; the arista with a very distinct,
gomewliat rare, pulteseenco. Face of the />ar«.s-like shape,
peculiar among the Itivlniniina ; probo.sei.s and palpi sonietiino3
of a dirty reddish-yellow, sometimes more brownish-ferruginfJUH.
The thoracio dorsum somewhat ferruginous; only very dark
specimens have it black ; the hairs upon it are placed in four
distinct longitudinal rows, the intermediate ones being very
closely aiipro::imated. Seutellum convex, with two bristles, black
ferrugiiious on the sides in very pale-colored specimens only.
I'k'unu, with the exception of the humeral region, as well as the
whole nietathorax, black. The basis of the abdomen is black to
a greater or less extent; in rare specimens only does this color
reach the posterior margin of the rather considerably elongated
first al)domiiial segment ; in some specimens, however, this cohir
extends to the very end of the abdomen, or, at least, turns here
into blackish-brown. The ovipositor, which is longer than the
last three abd'sniinal segments taken together, is usually black
or blackish-brown ; its upper side is excavated (at least in dry
specimens), ai>d its under side convex, and hence, it is less flat-
tened than in the other genera of the likhardina. Coxic pale-
yellow. Front feet pale-yellowish ; the tibiae towards the l)asis
and the tarsi, beginning from the second joint, infuscated; femora
not inerassatcd, beset with a few, but rather strong, spines on the
under side towards its end. The anterior haif of the middle femora
dark-brown and somewhat incrassated; the posterior half thin and
dark-yellow; the greater part of the under side sparsely spinose ;
middle tibiae dark-brown, in most specimens, gradually becoming
yellow towards the tip ; tarsi yellowish, brownish towards the
tip. Hind femora not incrassated, whitish, the last third brown-
ish-yellow, brownish towards the tip ; both shades separated by
an oblique brownish-l)lack ring; hind tibiae and tarsi as in the
intermediate pair of feet. Wings very much attenuated towards
the l)asis, hyaline; their anal angle not projecting at all; from
the tip of the costal cell a narrow black streak extends over the
incrassated point, where the third longitudinal vein originates
and over the crossveins, closing the little cells at the basis of the
wing ; the apex of the wing is occupied by a large black spot,

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182

UlI'TEUA OF N. UTII AMKIIICA.

[I'AKT in.

which runs fruni the oiiterior to Iho posti-rior margin, but i.s vcrv
much diluted beyond the fourth htn<ritu(linul vein. Tliu second
lungitudiiiul vein is gently curved forwurd and ends Kcmic distance
from tlte tip; the small crossvein is before the middle of the disca!
cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is alniDst
])arallel to the third vein ; the posterior angle of the auul cell is
rounded.

Ilab. Cuba (Gundlach).

Observation. — Through the kindness of Dr. Gundlach, wlio
sent me the specimens, I have been informed of the identity uf
this species with the one described by IJigot. I have not suc-
ceeded yet in comparing I)e lu Sagra's work, which contains the
description, and I draw the attention of those, to whoiu this
work is accessible, to the fact, that among the Cuban species
described by me, one or the other may have been previously
described by Mr. Bigot in that volume.

Gen. V. SYNTACES nov. gen.

Charact. — Front nioderiitnly broad, broader above (according to Macquart's

statenieut, his figure, ou the contrary, shuwa a front narrower

above).
Anti'tinnl arista pubescent.

Feel slender; all tlie femora thin and all armed.
Wini/s: posterior angle of the anal cell rectangular; crossveios uot

approximated ; the last section of the fourth lougitudiual vein only

moderately convergent with the third.

The typical species is Setellia apicalis from Brazil, described
by Macquart (Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 249). As I have not seen
this species, I have borrowed the generic characters from that
author's description and figure, which gives these characters a
somewhat uncertain basis. The close relationship to tiie next
following genus is, in my opinion, evident ; still, it does not
seem advisable to unite them, as, in the present genus, the front
femora are weaker and armed with less conspicuous spines ; as
the hind feet are much less elongate^ in comparison to the front
feet; as the posterior angle of the anal ceil is not obtuse, bat
rectangular, and as the second longitudinal vein has no stnnip
of a vein upon it ; nevertheless it is not impossible that the
examination of a specimen would lead to a diiferent conclusion
from that which seems warranted by Macquart's description.

OUTAUli.E — lUlOTVPA.

183

Qen. VI. EUOLENA dot. gen.

Cliaract, — Front very broad, very little narrowed anteriorly; Hlie excava-
tiou of its U]>per part very lihalluw; the ocelli iiear the vertex aud
clusely appruxiiiiulfd tu each other.

Autenniil arista with a VK'ry short pubeeiueuue.

^'o uieAuthoraeiu brintle, and, as it seems to me, no prothoracio one.

Sculellum with four l>rihtles; the lateral ones weak and sohII.

J-'etl: front femora rather strong, with conspicuously long and strong
Bpines; the four posterior feet remarkably long and slender, their
femora with small spines near the tip only, otherwise these femora
are thin and very long, especially the intermediate ouer>.

Winys: posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse; the small crossvein a
little beyond the last third of the disual cell ; opposite this crossvein,
the second longitudinal vein emits a little stump of a vein into the
submarginal cell ; the last section of the fourth lougitudinal vein
ia nearly parallel to the third.

The typical species is Michogaster egregiiis, from Columbia,
described by Gorstteckcr (Stett. Ent. Z. XXI, n. 179). I possess
the male only. Tlie ovipositor of the female is called sujrar-loaf
shaped by the author; which would indicate that it is less com-
pressed than in the other Rivhardina ; it may be somewhat of
the same shape as in Slenomatra Guirini,

Oen. VII. IDIOTYPA nov. gen.

Charact. — Front very broad, not narrowed anteriorly; ocelli rather
approximated to the edge of the vertex, and placed close to :^'aoh
other.

Antennal arista witli a short pubescence.

No mesothoracic bristle; a weak jjroihoraeic one.

ScuteiluiH with two bristles ; meUtthorax slojiinj;.

Abdomen slender and elongated, almost pedunculate at the basia.

All the/emora strong and aimed with spines.

Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse; the small cross-
vein beyond the last third of the discal cell ; opposite this crossvein
the second vein has a stump of a vein, inside of the submarginal cell,
and a second one on the opposite side, in the marginal cell, nearer
to the apex of the wim;; the last section of the fourth longitudinal
vein almost parallel to the third.

1. I. appendicillata n. sp. % 9 .—(Tab. IX, f. 2(5,) Ex ochraceo
ferruginea, thoraee flavo-vario, alarum dimidio anteriore ex ochraceo
ferrngiueo, posteriore subhyaliuo, dilute Intesoeute.

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184

riPTERA OF NORTH AMEUICA.

[I'AHT ni

Y«'llowish-f»'rrnj,'inou«, witli th«* tlinrax iiiarki-d willi wllow ; tlic imti rior
half of tile wings ()cllrt•-b^owni^ll, tli»' itosti-rior half Hliiio>t li.v.iline, vuU
luwisli. Long uorp. 0 44 ; y uuiu turubid O.b'l; long. al. 0 4 — (>.41.

or this species I possess a very well preserved, and, as it scciiis,
particularly fully-colored leiimle, and two much paler iiiaks, pro-
bahly haviiifif faded thnjiijjh loiij? expt)sure. This dill'orciice in
coloring nolwilhstandinjj, 1 havtj not tlio least doul)t that Ixi'.h
sexes belong to tiie sunie species. The condition of th(( speciiiutis
induces me, however, to begiu with the description of tiie fcniale
and to add afterwards those characters by which the male speci-
mens dilfer from it.

Female. — Head rather dark-yellow, of the ordinary 7-'fj(»,s-]ike
sliape; the front of considerable, and altogether etjual, breadth;
occii»ital bri.sties rather strong ; the lateral bristles in front of
them are wanting; likewise the ])ristles generally inserted near
the ocelli ; the ocelli are approximated to the edge of the vertex
and close to each other; a black, biarcuate band runs from the
orbit of the eye on one side to that on the other, across the ocelli ;
immediately al)ove tlie antenna; there is another black luind, not
reacliing the orbits, the upi)er limit of which forms a less arcuate,
the lower limit a more arcuate curve. In consequence of the very
approxinuited position of the antenna?, the frontal lunule is more
isolated from the face, than is the case in any other of the Ortalidse
I am accpiainted with. Antenna; brownish oehraceous-yellow;
the third joint comi)aratively long; the arista with a short, l)iit
very distinct, pubescence. The lower corners of the central por-
tion of the face rather blackish. The short, but ratlier broad palpi
oehraceous-yellow, brownish-black at the basis. The occiput
phows, not fur from the edge of the vertex, a narrow, black cross-
band, not quite reaching the orbit of the eye. The thorax shows
a very variegated picture; the very broad middle stripe, running
from end to end, is of a brownish-ferruginous color, which changes
into black towards its posterior third ; this stripe is divided in
two by a blackish, rather indistinct longitudinal line ; it is sejia-
rated fro!)i the lateral stripes by a longitudinal line of oehraceous-
yellow pollen; the broad lateral stripes are cros.sed by the trans-
verse suture, whi<;h is covered with pale ochraceous-yellowisli
pollen ; the anterior portion of the lateral stripes is black and
•leaves exposed only the pale yellow humeral slri|i('; the posterior
portion of the lateral stripe is black on the side turned towards

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ORTALin.i: — IDIOTYPA.

Is.')

tlio middle stripo, otliiTwisc l)ro\viii.sli-foiTiijriiiou3. Scntclliiin
slmrt, witli t\vi> l)ristlL's, palt'-yt'IIow. IMeiira' black; llic liimu'rnl
riL-iiiii, including tlic pnilliuracic stijriii:i and u broad band, ruii-
iiiiifr from the root of tlic wing to tin; it\terval l)ftwccn the fore
and middle coxie, pale-ycUow; the suture, lying in tliis bund and
running down from the root of the wing, is margined with brown-
isli-bjack. Metatliorax black, separated from tiie pleuraj by a
hroad yellow stripe. The first abdominal segment rather long,
very slender, considerably incrassated, however, towards its end,
jio that here it ecpmls in breadth the folhjwing segment ; its first
third i.s black, the second pale-yellow, the remainder, aa well a.s
the renmining portion of the al)domen, yellowish-ferruginous,
almost ochre-brownish, and beset with a short pubescence of the
same coloring. Ovipositor of the color of the abdomen ; (piite
flat ; the fir.st segment not quite so long as the last three abdo-
minal segments taken together; rather narrow towards its end.
Co.xa; i)rownish-black; the second joint of the front coxte, the tip
of the first joint and the second joint of the middle ones, yellow.
All the femora beset with spines, not incrassated, but strong,
black, yellow to a small extent at the basi.s only, yellowish-red
to a considerable extent towards the end. Front tibise reddish-
yellow; the four posterior ones of a j)urer yellow with reddish-
yellow tips. All the tarsi yollowi»h-red ; the front tarsi from
the second joint and beyond dark-brown; the other tarsi infuscated
at the tip oidy. The hairs on the feet are very short, and of the
same color as the grouml upon which thej'' are inserted. Wings
comparatively long and imrrow, with ferruginous veins; the
anterior half has a yellowish rusty-l)rownisli tinge, which is
more ferruginous-yellow towards the basis, and more brownish
towards the ai)ex; the posterior limit of this c<jloring is almost
rectilinear and reaches the fourth longitudinal vein at its root
and at its tip only. The wholo posterior half of the wing has
a decidedly yellowish tinge, but is rather transparent. The
second longitudinal vein is rather straight, gently bent forward
towards. its end only; it reaches the margin not far from the
apex of the wing; two conspicu(»us stumps of veins project from
it not far from each other; l>oth are perpendicular, but placed at
the opposite sides of the principal vein ; one is just opposite the
sninll crossvein, the other somewhat nearer to the opex of tli?
wiug; the small crossvein itself is a little beyond the last third

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186

DIPTERA OP NORTH AMKRKW.

[I'ART MI.

of tho (liseal roll; the lust Kfctiori of the fourtli loiipitudinal vein
is almost pamllcl to tlio tiiinl voiii; the publerior uuglo ui' iho
auul cell is ((iiitc obtuse.

Males. — The two Hj)eciim'us which I have heforo nie (lilTcr from
the females by the absence of th<! upper black cnissbainl on the
front, of the black crosHl)aii(l of the occiput ami of the spots on
the face which have a black coloring ; all which in the feinulc is
(lescriln'd as black or blackish-ljrowu, is of a dinjry rusty-l>rowii
iti the mule. As, at the same time, the contrast i)etw('cii the
yellow and the ferru{?inous rop^ioiis is less strikin;;, this ffivcs
these specimens a loss variegated appearance than that of tiie
above-descril)ed female. The first abdominal flegment is just as
narrow as in the female; but this is less apparent here, as tlio
posterior part of the abdomen is less broad.

Ilab. Cuba (Gundlacb).

Gen. VIII. 8TEWERETltI4 nov. gen.

Chiiruct. — Front very brr»ad, not attniiuated anteriorly; occiput very con-
vex ; clieeka broud ; uuvili hiuuII and ratli«»r approxiiuate to euuh
other.

Aiisia thin and bare.

A strong niesotlioracio bri.stle ; no protlioracic one.

Sciitel/um with two bristles ; metathorax (ilopini;.

Ahdnmc.n slender and elongnte, attenuate towards the basis.

Femora of medium strength, all unarmed.

Win<j» but little developed, short and exceedingly n.arrow, attenuate
iu the shape of a wedge towards the basis, so that their surface
beyond the fifth longitudinal vein is nothing but a narrow, veinless
Stri p ; the auxiliary vein so closely approximated to the first longitu-
dinal vein, that they can be distinctly told apart at their end only ;
the two ordinary crossveins approximate to each other; the small
one lies but little beyond the middle of the wing ; second basal cell
Tery small and narrow; the anal cell and the sixth longitU'linal
vein are wanting, with the exception of a ruilimeut of the latter,
which does not reach beyoud the axillary iucisiou.

As the group of the UlicUna contains the genera with a more
developed anal cell, the group of the Richardina on the contrary
those with a less developed one, there can be no doubt that tiie
present genus, in the incompletely developed wings of which the
anal cell is altogether wanting, belongs to the Itichardinn ; and
that this is its true location is proved by its relationship to

OKTAI.ID.F, — 8TKNE11KTMA.

18T

hUiitypa, especially cvidfiit in tlic structure of tlu' nlMliniicn.
AuiDiig the dillVreiii'i's of these two genera 1 will tmly nieiiiinii
that tlie structure of the head of Idiotijiia is uot nidike that of
Dui'ttii, while the heail of Stiiirrctiua re.send)les that of Tritoxa.
As Slrneretina and Trituju also agree in the presence of a
lufsuthoracic bristle and in the ahseiice of a prothoraoic one, the
former genus, if its first longitudinal vein showed u dibliuct
pubescence, wuuld have tu be placed uext tu Ti'Uuxa.

1. S. laticailda n. np. 9 ■ — Lnt«'a, Hegiiientis atxiouiiniiinins nlngiil!«
])U!4tic« augUMte «t sqnalitt'r fusco-iiiaigiiiatid, tarsia printer buniui uigro-
fuscin, alia lateo uiuuruix, albido-bilaxviatid.

Daik-yellow, the single ahilniuinal Bfgiiifiits on their poHti-rinr margin
ffitii a narrow ill fuH(;at«<i liordtr; tlie tarsi, with thu exuuptiou of tlm
baitiH, blackiah-brown ; wings yeliowisii-gray with twa^whitisU orond-
baudd. Long. corp. 0.14; cuiu terubr^ U.19; long. al. 0.11—0.12.

Of a dnrk-yellow color, shining. The broad, rather convex
front bears, besides the long bristles on the vertex and in the
region of the ocelli, a moderate qinintity of rather long black
hairs; the comparatively strong convexity of the occiput almost
obliterates the usual edge between it and the vertex. The
antenna} are of the same color as the rest of the body, and of
more than half the length of the face; their third joint elongate,
rounded at the tip ; the thin and bare arista is very long.
Clypeus, palpi, and proboscis likewise partake of the general
coloring of the body. Thorax but little elevated and rather
narrow in comparison to its length ; its dorsum on the sides and
on its j)osterior border with a few rather long black bristles; upon
the remainder of its surface only with a short, black pubescence.
Scutellum small, bare, with the exception of the two bristles upon
its end. Pleurte g'abrous; besides the mosothoracic l)ristle they
hear oidy a single bristle not far l)elow the root of the wing. The
abdomen is narrow and elongate, attenuate towards the basis, not
so much, however, as in the females of Idioty}ia afijietirliculo'.a ;
its segments have, on the posterior margin, a narrow Intrdev of
e(|ual breadth and of a brown or reddish-brown color; upon the
last segment this margin becomes indistinct, or it is altogether
wanting. The blackish pubescence of the al)domen is every-
where very short and not conspicuous. The ovipositor is of the
same color as the remainder of the body and is strikingly

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188

nil'TKBA OF NOUTil AMKBICA.

[pAiiT iir.

1ir(»u(l ; its first joint is nitoiit iis loii^' an 'no last throe alMloniiiial
Ho^int'iits tulicii to^^'tlu'r; I'nuii its bu.sis to tlir inidtilr it is
t'Xiiflly us broad as liio alMioiiifii itsflf; l)»'}oiid tiio iniddii- it i.s
l)ut littlu uttciiiiatu, Ku that tlit* tnincaturu at thu end iias a cnn-
Hidoral)!e lireadtli; tlie sccuiid and tliird juiiits uf tlic ovipositor
are also ratlicr broad; tlic latter docs not end in a sliarp point,
but ill a narrow triiiicatnie. l-'ret bare, their struetiire onliimiy ;
femora uiiarnied; tlie tarsi l)laekisli-brown from altoiit tlie tip nf
tile first joint. The yellowish-gray wiiijrs liave two perpeiKiiciilar
whitish erossimmls; the lirst passes between the two ordinary
crossveins from the anterior to the posterior uiiir^'in of th(! wiii^r;
tlu! second lies between the first and tlie apex of the wiii^', but
mueli nearer the latter, is obliterated in the niai'frinal eell ami dots
not entirely reaeh the posterior niarjrin; l)esides these two wliiti>li
crossbaiids tln-re is, at the end of the seeond l»asal cell and in the
adjoiniiif? rejrion of the first basal eell a small, whitisii sjiot ; the
eoloriii}^ of the win};, on this side of the lirst cr()ssi)and, towards
the root of the wing, elianges gradually into elay-yellow, while
beyond the second crossbaiid tlit; color is alnutst blackish-gray ;
the posterior crossvein pliows the trace of a delicate lilaekish-gray
'oing, while there is no such trace on the small crossvein.
JIab. Texas (Belfrage).

Oen. IX. CffiLOMETOPIA Macq.

Charact. — Front of moderate breadth, slightly narrowed anteriorly, some-
what excavated ; ocelli far removed from the edge of the vertex,
placed dose to each other on a more or less projecting hump-

AntennnI arista with a very short piihescence.

No mesothoracic and one prothora<!ic hristle.

Sfulflhnii with four bristles; metathorax somewhat sloping.

Ftmorn not incrassate, nevertheless strong, the four posterior ones
considerably longer than tlie front pair; all are provided witii
spines, the fore femora, however, with a few small ones towards the
tip only.

Wiu(js: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse ; the crossveins
not approximate to each other; the last section of the fourth longi-
tudinal vein converges towards the third.

With Ccplomefopia a scries of genera begins which have a
comparatively short, oval abdomen, not very attenuate at tlio
basis. The type of the genus is C. trimandatn Fid). = C. fcr-
rufjinea Macq. from South America, which Wiedemann placed iti
the genus Trypeta.

ORTALII>.K — rcKI.OMKTOVIA.

189

I. f. binilll'lllata n. fp. '^.— (Tali. IX, f. 27.) Hiir.i, nlHloinina
L'liHlj'beo vel viiiliU'HO, (i«Miiburt tliivi.t ; tiltiirt taiueu UrM(iruiu<iiiu a|>iuo
fuHcU ; als hyaline, ui^n»-l>ltuttkHilutw.

Kfrrimiiious-rediliHli, tliH n".)il()iiiiMi Mlffl-liIuH or vinlit; f»«('t ynllnw; tildm
ami tip of tlif tarni lirown ; wiiiKs livaliiie with two bluck Hpulit. I^cng.
corp. lt.22— O.liii; long. al. I'.lil— (i.::2.

Hciul niid thorax fcrriij(iii(tus-r<'(l, rfttluT Bliiiiiiij?; only the
lijiid (.'o.xiu Bonictiiijcs |)itcli-l)rown. Front of very niodcratt'
breadth; narrower anteriorly, somewhat e.vcavuted ; the l>risiU'.s
on tin- vertex, the very nnudi ndvaneed hiteral hrit^tles nn*! tlio
two liristles near th(! ocelli lilack and rather strotijr. The ocelli
ure phiecd close to each other on iv flatten -d elevation, almost in
the laiddii! of tlx; front; the frontal luntde i.s rather i.'^olated from
the face, in eoiisecjnenee of the very a|)|>roximatu position of the
antennic. The third nntennal joint is sometime.s more lirovvnish-
red towards the tip; arista with a short piil)e>eence. The short
hairs on tin; thoracic dorsnm are whitish, and lienco easily per-
{•(■ptil)le; th(? ordinary hristh.'s are black or brown, Hometimes
only browni-sh; a i)lackisli line in the nnddle is only occasionally
perceptible. Seutellinn convex, with fonr ])rownish or brown
bristles. Abdomen metallic steel-l)lue, shininir, with more or less
extensive and vivid violet rellecti<»iis ; sometimes ferrnirinous-
liidwnish at the c-xtrenu; basis; its almost whitish pubescence
appears ninch darker, when looked at aL'aiiist the light. Femora
yellowish, usually brownish at the tip; the foremost ones stronjr,
with a few weak and .«inall spines on the under side, near the tip
only; the four ])ost«'rior femora much longer, also strong, witli
ppineson the under .side. Tibise brown. Tarsi of a dirty-yellowish
brown from about the tip of the second joint. Wings pure hya-
line, with a rather sparse and coars(> microscopic pubescence and
with black veins; the black stigma is confluent with a niode-
rat.'ly large, sharply limited spot, reaching as far as the third
longitudinal vein; a larger, almost triangular black spot occu-
pies the apex of the wing; it begins before the second longitu-
dinal vein and ends midway between the third and fourth veins;
moreover, in the environs of the humeral crossvein. there is a
prayish-black spot, which is easily overlooked. 'I'lie third longi-
tudinal vein is very straight; the small crossvein lies in the
middle of the comparatively slu.rt discal cell. The anterior basal
cell is Somewhat expanded at the e.xpen.se of the discal cell, so

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190

DIPTEBA OF NOUTII AMEIUCA.

[PAUT III.

that the latter is much imrruwer lu'fore the small crossvoiii tliau
beyond it; posterior crossveiii 8traiji;ht, somewhat oblique; the
last seefion of the fourth loiigitiiciiiuil vein Btrikiugly lonj,',
distiiu'tly oonvergiiig towards the third longitudinal veiu ; puijle-
rior angle of the anal cell very obtuse.
Hab. Cuba (Guudlach).

Oen. X. HEMIXAXTIIA nov. gen.

Charart.— Front of medium breadth, somewhat narrower anteriorly, not
excavated ; tlie posterior ocelli not very far from the edge of tiie
vertex ; the anterior one removed to about the middle of the front.

Antenntd arista with a distinct pubescence.

A small protlioracic, and, aa it seems, no mesothoraeio bristle.

ScHtiUnm with four bristles ; imUithorax perpendicular.

Femoni not inerassate, but rather strong; the posterior ones lomier
than the foremost ones ; all are beset with spines ; the spines of
the foremost ones are but very few.

Vr/ii'/s ; posterior angle of the anai cell obtuse ; oroasveina conspicu-
ously approximate : the last section of tho fourth longitudinal veiu
is parallel to the third.

The diift-Tenoe from Cielometopia consists principally in the
peculiar position of the ocelli, the remarkably approximate cross-
veins and the parallelism of the third and fourth longitudiniil
veins.

I do not know of any described species of this genus and for
this reason give the following : —

!• H. spinipes n. sp. 9. — (Tab. IX, f. 28.) Lutea, metanoto
epimerisque metathoracis nigris, abdomine chalybeo, violaceo-spleii-
dente; alfe subliyalinae, apice fasiiisque tribus fusco-nigris ; harum
secunda postice, tertii auticO; abbreviate.

Clay- yellow, metanotum and epimera of the metathorax black, abdomen
steel-blue, with a violet reflection ; wings rather hyaline, the apex and
three crossbands brownish-black ; the second of these abbreviated
posteriorly, the third anteriorly. Long. corp. 0.24; long. al. 0.23.

Clay-yellow, thoracic dorsum more yellowish-red. Front of
medium breadth, but little narrower anteriorly, not excavated,
with but a small depression on the vertex; the two postorior
ocelli are placed upon a very small black spot, at a moderate
distance from the vertex and close to each other; the antorinr
ocellus is quite unusually distant from them, and placed about

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ORTALlb^ — UEMJXAMUA.

ll'l

the middle of ihe front ; tljo bristles ou tiic vertex, the rutlier
distant luterul bristles uud the two ceellar bristles comparaiiveiy
long and strong, bluek. AntenniK reaehing down to llie border
of the nioiilli ; tlio comparatively long tliird joint sonielinies
bouiewliut infuseated ut the tip. A^i^la puliesceiit. The pubes-
cence of the thoracic dorsum is pale-yellowish, the ordinary
bristles black. Seutelluni of u pure yellow, wilh lour black
bristles; its surface rather even. The middle portion of the
aiesonolum, the lower portion of its sichts and the epitnera of the
luelathorax browidsh-black. The i)uiK'scenee (jf the plcurie yl-
lowish. Abdomen ejongato-oval, elay-yellow at the extreme
basis, the remainder Bhining .steel-blue with violet reflect ions,
more greenish-blue at the posterior end. The first segment of
the ovipositor large, shining black, concave above, sojuewhat
convex below. Feet day-yellow, the basi.s of the middle tiliiie
and the hind tibia) brown ; the tip of the tarsi but little infuseate<l;
femora not incrassate, although rather strong, the four posterior
ones longer than the two foremost ones: the; latter with a few
small spines near the tip only, the former beset with spines on
the whole second half of the under side. Wings almost hyaline,
witli a yellowish-gray tinge, which is more yellow towards the
anterior border; costal cell yellowish brown; a narrow brownish-
black band runs from the humeral erossvcin to the axillary
incision; a second ore, somewhat broader, runs from the anterior
margin over the basis of the submarginal cell and over the end
of the small basal cells nearly, but ?iot quite, to the posterior
margin of the wing; a third band, inclosing the two remarkably
approxinmte crossveins, extends from the posterior margin to the
middle of the submarginal cell; the npex of the wing bears a
large elongate brownish-black spot, beginning before the second
longitudinal vein and occupying the border of th(! wing as far as
beyond the fourth vein. The last section of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein is parallel to the third vein; the posterior angle of the
nnai cell is obtuse; the microscopic pubesceuco of the surface of
the wing is remarkably coarse and sparse.
Eab. Brazil.

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DIPTERA OF NURTU AMERICA.

[part III

Oeu. XI. MELA.X'OLO.^A uov. gen.

Charact. — Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly, not exca-
vated ; the posterior ocelli not far removed from the edge of the
vertex ; the anterior one at a «onsiderable distance from them.

Anterinal arista bare.

A strong meaothoracic bristle and ii very weak protlioracic one.

Scutelliim with four bristles ; metallwrax ratli.r perpendiiular.

Femiira not incrassate, only the hiudiuost ones with spines near the
tip.

Willys: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse; the cross veins
not apprexiniiite; the last section of the fourth longitudinal reiu
parallel to the third.

The Fpecies of this gomis are distinguished by their robust
thora.x and short oval aljdoincn ; tiio surface of the latter is not
smooth, but entirely covered l)y shallow scars, almost chagreened.
The picture of the wing.s of the species known to mo consists of
a black border of the anterior margin of the wing and of the
apex, and of a narrow black streak over the small crossvein.

The typical species is a Brazilian one, described by Wiede-
mann as Tn/pcta cyanognder. As, in Wiedemann's descriptimi,
the plastic clurracters are not sufficiently tiikcn notice of, I will
give the description of a species closely related to his.

1. M. aflillis n. pp. % .—(Tab. IX, f. 29.) ' Rufn, tibiis concolorihna.
posticis taiiien basiin versus infuscatis, .•ibdoniiiiH ex violaceo eli;ilyl>eo;
alse hyallnae, costa cum apice et vena tran.-< versa media aneuste iiii,ro-
limbntiri.

Rod, the tibiffl of the same color, the hindmost ones infuscateil townnls
the basis ; rbdonien violet steel-blue; wings hyaline, anterior maigiu
and apex, as well as the small crossvein, with a narrow black border.
Long. Corp. 0.24; long. al. 0.24.

Ferrugiuons-red, shining; abdomen of a dark steel-blue color,
semewhat verging on viclei. Front rather broad, somewhat
narrower anteriorly, sometimes tinged with yellow on the sides;
the short and thin hairs upon it are inserted in small, very shallow,
and hence hardly perceptible pits. The two superior ocelli nro
quite near the vertex ; the anterior one is quite a distance from
them, but .still above the middle of the front; bristles of the
vertex, the lateral ones and the two l)ristles near the ocelli, are
present. Antenna? renching a little beyond the border of the
Piouth; the third joint long, sometimes more reddish-brown.

ORTALID.i: — MELANULOMA.

193

Arista thin and apparently bare. Thorax strongly built; the
fallow-yellowish p'ibesct'uce of its dorsum very short; the ordi-
nary bristles black. Scutellum convex, with four bristles. The
perpendicular uiesonotuui, the pleura) and the pectus of the same
color as the upper side of the thorax. The mesothoracic bristle
strong, black, and hence very conspicuous ; the prothoracic
bristle thin and fallow-yellowish, and hence easily overlooked.
The metallic-blue abdomen is of a rounded-oval shape and is
covered with shallow scars, which diminish its lustre ; its short
pubescence is whitish on the first segment only, otherwise rather
blackish. Feet of a yellowish-ferruginous color, only the dis-
tinctly arcuate hind tibia) are gradually infuscated towards the
basis ; the tarsi, beyond the second joint, are more or less ferru-
ginous-brownish. Femora not incrassate, only the hindmost
ones with spines near the tip. Wings hyaline ; the costal cell,
the stigma, and a narrow border, running from it to the fourth
longitudinal vein, along the margin of the wing, black; the small
crossvein likewise with a narrow black cloud ; a blackish spot
lies between the extreme basis of the submarginal cell and the
end of the costal cell. The second longitudinal vein reaches the
anterior margin rather far from the apex of the wing; the third
longitudinal vein is very straight ; the small crossvein is a little
beyond the middle of the discal cell, which is considerably narrower
before this crossvein than after it; posterior crossvein straight, a
little oblique ; the last section of tlip fourth longitudinal vein
rather long, parallel to tie third vein ; posterior angle of the
anal cell quite obtuse. The microscopic pubescence of the
surface of the wing is comparatively sparse and coarse.

Hub. Brazil.

Observation. — 31. cyanogaster Wied. is not quite as large as
the above-described species; its wings are comparatively smaller
and the black border along the costa is somewhat broader at the
apex of the wing ; the lateral bristle of the front is somewhat
more removed from the bristles on the vertex ; the shallow pits
on the front are not perceptible ; the pubescence of the thoracic
dorsum is considerably longer ; the pleurae and the tibiie are
blackish-brown.

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DIPTERA OF iNOKTII AMERICA.

Geu. XII. EPIPLATEA Loew.

[part III.

Charact, — Front broad, narrower anteriorly ; not projecting in prolilc ;
rather densely baiiy upon the whole surface.

Anttnnce of medium size; third joint oval, with a thin, bare arista.

Face vertical, with a depression under each antenna; longitndiuiUy
convex between these depressions ; clypi-us of a moderate transvei sh
diameter, projecting considerably beyond the anterior edge ol the
mouth, which is drawn upwards; prolwacis stout.

Thorax with bristles ou its hind part only; scutellum convex, with
four bristles.

Femora of moderate length, strong, but not incrassate; all unarnicl.

Winys comparatively short; submarginal and first posterior ihIIs
broad; third longitudinal vein bent backwards towards its t- ml ;
the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein does not convi r^e
towards the third ; posterior crossvein perpendicular; the postt-iiur
angle of the anal cell rather acute.

The species of this genus are rather stout, not metallic, oxcciit
sometimes on the abdomen. The structure of the head nralls
that of some Sciomyzidse, and is very like that of the two well-
known species, described by Wiedemann as Ortalis tri/afrnita
and atom aria ; in their general appearance, the species of /:'//-
platca are also not unlike the two latter species, but are cumIv
distinguished by the first longitudinal vein being bare, i)y tlio
posterior angle of the anal cell not being rounded as in these
species and by the absence of the erect bristle before the end of tli(>
upper side of the tibiae, a bristle which is always present in the
latter species.

1. E* erosa Loew. 9 • — (Tab. IX, f. 24.) Fusco-testaceo vel. ex fer-
rugine fusca, pedibus concoloribus ; abdomine nigro, alls hyalinis, fast lis
duabus et puncto centrali nigris.

Brownish-yellow or ferruginons-brown, with the feet of the same color ati'l
a black abdomen; wings hyaline, with two brown crossbands ainl in
the middle with a brown dot. Long. corp. 0.17; long. al. 0.16.

Stn. Epiplatea erosa Lokw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 325, Tab. II, f. 2.'.

The coloring of the lighter shaded specimens is yellow-bmwn.
ish, in darker specimens it becomes ferruginous-brown. Head of
the same color. Front broad, considerably narrowed antcridrly,
upon its whole surface uniformly and rather densely clothed with
ail .erect, black pubescence; along the lateral margin wit!i a
narrow border of white pulloii ; the strii)es running down fiom

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ORTALIDiE — EPIPLATEA.

195

the vertex along the sides of the front and the ocellar triangle
are of the same color as the front and hence indistinct.
AnteuntB not reaching quite to the edge of the month; the first
two jointa of the color of the head, or a little ligliter; the oval
third joint dark-brown, often quite black; the arista thin and
bare. Face excavated under each antenna, lotigitudinaily cun-
vcx between these depressions; descending vertically in prtjlile ;
the anterior edge of the mouth is strongly drawn upwards, so
that the elypeus projects considerably al)ove it. Proboscis stout ;
piilpi brown, generally paler towards the tip. The thoracic
dorsum generally has, on the posterior side, an almost siivory-
white transverse crossband, and l)efore the transverse suture, on
each side, a large spot of a similar pollen; these pollinose spots
are very di.stinct, when seen by reflected light, but can easily
be overlooked in any other light. Upon the pleurae likewise
there are two spots of white pollen; one of them lies over the
fore coxiB, the other immediately under the longitudiiml suture
of the pleuraj, where the color is generally darker-brown. The
front part of the coxse is likewise covered with a v/hite pollen,
which, however, sometimes is entirely invisibb. Abdomen black,
somewhat glossy, generally brown at the basis, with a rather
coarse pubescence, which is longer and black on the posterior
margins of the segments. The flattened ovipositor is somewhat
atteimate, its first two segments black, the third orange-yellow.
Feet of the same color as the body; tibia? and tarsi darker
brown, in fully colored individuals brownish-black. Halteres
yellowish. Wings of very moderate length, rather broad,
hyaline, with brown veins; the basis of the wings as far as the
humoral crossvein and the anal cell are brownish ; a narrow
brownish-black band begins at the costa, w^here it is confluent
with the small black stigma and a black spot, lying at the end of
the costal cell; it runs over the bases of the submarginal, discal,
and third posterior cells, as far as the sixth longitudinal vein,
wliich its end alone crosses a little ; before the apex of the wing
there is a broader crossband, which is sinuate on both sides,
weaker, however, on the inside than on the outside; posteriorly
it bifurcates in two short, obtuse branches, the inner one of
which roaches the margin of the wing and covers the perpen-
dicular ]>osterior crossvein ; the outside one is shorter and ends
in the second posterior cell, some distance from the margin of

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196

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'ART III,

the wing; between thoBe two crossbands is the black spot, ibrnicd
by a cloud over the small crussvein ; the stigma is suiall ; tlie
small crobsvein is beyond the middle of the discal cell ; the suh-
marginal and first posterior cells are broad; the end of the third
longitudinal vein is gently curved posteriorly and ends exactly iu
the apex of the wing; the last section of the fourth longitudiiml
vein does not converge towards the third; the anal cell is com-
paratively rather small; the crossveln, closing it, is a little
arcuate, but forms nevertheless a rather acute posterior angle.
IJab. Cuba (Guudlach).

APPENDIX,

COSTAISINO THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES PUBLISHED BY PREVI0C8
WRITEBS, AXD HOT lUGNTiFlEU BY THE AUTHOR.

1. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scietwes Phil., Vol. VI, Part II.

Page 83. Ortalis ligata.

Wings quadrifasciate with fuscous.

Inhabits Mexico.

7?o(/(/ blackish ; head ferruginous, tinged with glaucous behind
and on the vertex; thorax blackish-plumbeous; wings white,
subopaque, with four fuscous bands; the first a little oblique,
across the neck of the wing ; second from the tips of the nu'di-
astiiial and post costal uervures, and proceeding a little obliquely,
so as to be bounded posteriorly by the middle cross-nervure ;
third, perpendicular to the costal margin and covering the poste-
rior cross-nervure; fourth, terminal, slightly connected on tlie
costal edge with the third; pni^em white ; trrgiim copperj'-black ;
feet black ; knees and tarsi ferruginous. Length three-twentieths
of an inch.

[Belongs very probably to the genus Rivellia, but it will be
difficult to decide to wiiich species, on account of the great
similitude between the species of that genus. — Loew.}

2. Bob. Desvoidy, Myodaires.

Page 71.'). Meckelia philadelphica.

Minor M. eleganti ; pedes fulvi, tibiis nigricantibus; alae
flavcscentes, unicA maculA subfuscA.

Plus petite que la Meckelia elegans ; frontaux, antennes, face,
rouges ; optiques d'un gris rougcitro ; corselet d'un brun-gris ;

(197)

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198

DIPTEIIA OF NUUTII AMERICA.

[PAKT III.

al)(l(jtnt>ii un peu luoiiis grid et d'ua nuir plus luisunl ; cui^riid
fuuves ; tibias luolaiigcs tie uoir et do fauvu ; tarsus uoirs; ailus
llavt'scentos, u'offraiit (iiiu ruppareuco U'uuu scule macule.
Originaire de IMiiladciphie.

( Tiumlation.) — Siiialler than Meck-eliu ehtjans ; froutal bristles, antennse,
face, red ; optical bristles of a reddisli-grajr ; thorax brovripalt-gray ;
abdoiueu a little less gray and of a wore shining black ; femora fulvous ;
tibiae niixnd with black and fuivous; tarsi black; wiugs flavescent, with
the appearance of a single spot.

From Philadelphia.

[It seems hardly doubtful that this species belongs to the
Orlalina; it is probably either an Anavampta or a C'eroxi/s, as
Kob. Devoidy's genus Meokelia has the third antennal joint
excised ou the upper side and ending in a very sharp angle. —
Loew.2

3. Walker, Insecta Saundersiana.
Page 373. Or talis basalis, Mas. et Foem.

Nigro-cyanea, caput fulvuni; antennae luteifc; abdomen basi
ferrugineum, foem. apiee luteum attenuatura ; pedes fulvi ; alae
hyalinse, basi fulvae, vitta .untica interrupta fusca.

Ceroxys ? Blackish- blue: head tawny; face with a whitish
covering; epistoma prominent; mouth pitchy; feelers luteous ;
third joint much deeper than the second and more than twice its
length ; sixth black, bare, very slender, more than twice the
length of the third; abdomen longer than the chest, ferruginous
towards the base ; abdomen of the female pale luteous towards
the tip, which is much attenuated; legs tawny; wings colorless,
slightly tawny at the base, adorned along the fore border with a
dark-brown interrupted stripe, which is widened at the tip; veins
Mack; fifth vein converging towards the tip of the fourth; sixth
not reaching the hind border; crossveins straight, almost upright;
poisers pitchy. Length of the body 1^ — 2 lines; of the wiugs
2 — 3 lines. United States.

[It is utterly improbable that this species should be a Ceroxys,
as Mr. Walker supposes ; his description rather suggests that it
belongs to the Ulidina. — Loew.l

Al'I'EXDlX.

199

4. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. J I, iii, Tab. XXIX. fiij. 3.
Page 2U8. Ilerina mexicana.

Tiritli-cyanca. Alls liriilw externo nervisque fransversis fiiscis.

Long. 4 lin. — Face tostacoe. Front iioir; vi-rtox et dcrriiTe
de la tt'te testacos. Aiitenued bruiies; style fauvc. Thorax d'uri
vert brillant, a reflets bleus. Abdomeu manque. I'ieds iioirs.
Alios jaunAtres justju'a rextroniite; cellules basilaires bruned;
nervures transveraales bord )s dt bruu; premiere oblique.

Du Mexique.

{Translation.) — Length 4 lines. Face testaceous; front black; vertex
anil occiput testaceous. Auteiinse brown ; arista fulvous. Tliorax of a
brilliant greeu, with blue retlexiou.s. Abdouieii — (wanting). Feet black.
Wings yellowisli, anterior margin brown fruiu tlie stigiuatical cell, inclu-
sively, as far as the apex; basal cells brown; crossveius bordered with
brown ; the first of them oblique.

Mexico.

[Macquart very improperly placed this species in the genus
Bcrina ; it is a perfectly normal species of bis own genus Ste-
nopterina. — Loevo. ]

5. Walker, List of Dipt. Ins. IV.
Page 992. Ortalis massyla, n. sp., Fem.

Tiridis, capite ferragineo, abdominis segmento quinto purj)urco
apice fulvo, palpis ferrugineis, antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsia
fulris, alls albis fusco trifasciatis.

Body metallic-green, slender, clothed with short black hairs :
head and chest beset with black bristles: head ferruginous above
and along the borders of the eyes ; epistoma ferruginous, promi-
nent, eyes red ; fore part slightly convex; its facets a little larger
than those elsewhere : sucker black, clothed with tawny hairs ;
palpi ferruginous ; beset with black bristles : feelers black, much
shorter than the face ; third joint conical, ferruginous at the base,
much longer than the second ; bristle bare, very slender, more
than thrice the length of the third joint; abdomen long-obconical,
much longer than the chest, tapering, flat, and with a vein on
each side towards the tip, which is tawny ; fifth segment dark-
purple : legs black, clothed with short black hairs ; knees ferru-
ginous ; feet and tips of shanks dull tawny : wings white, with

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DIPTEllA l»F NORTH AMKIUCA.

[I'Aicr III.

thrt'o (liirk-brown baiuls ; the first i-xtt'iids lu'iirly to tliu liiml
border, and joins the side of the middle crossveiii ; the socund
reuflies the hind border and inclosew the lower crossvein ; it is
darkest ou the fore border, and there unites with tiie third, whidi
widens along the fore border and oceupies the whole of the tip
of the winj,'; winf?-ril)s, veins, and poisers tawny; veins pitchy
in the brown parts of the win{?s ; lower tTo;iaveia ncurly straight.
Length of the body 1^ — 2 lines; of the wiugs 3 — 4 Hues.

North America.

[This seems to be an Fuxcsta. — Locw.2

6. Walker, List of Dipt. Ins. IV.

Page 905. Ortalisf diopsides, Barnston's MSS. Fern.

Nigra, obscura, capite antico fulvo, palpis antcnuis pedibusqiie
piceo-fcrrugineis, alls subcinereis ad costam fusco bimaculatis.

Body dull-black, clothed with very short black hairs : head
beset with a few black bristles, tawny in front and beneath, where
it is covered with while bloom; sides of the face without bri.stles;
epistoma slightly prominent ; eyes dark-red ; facets of the lure
part a little larger than those elsewhere : sucker and palpi ferru-
ginous, partly pitchy; sucker clothed with tawny hairn; piiipi
beset with black bristles; feelers ferruginous, shorter than the
face ; third joint pitchy above, nearly round, longer than the
second joint; bristle black, bare, slender, much more tiian twice
the length of the third joint; abdomen spindle-shaped, nnicli
longer than the chest; last segment flat: legs pitchy, mostly
ferruginous beneath, clothed with very short black hairs; claws
black : wings slightly gray, with a narrow pitchy band at half
the length of the fore border, ou which, near the tip, there is a
small brown spot; wing-ribs tawny; veins black, tawny at the
base; longitudinal veins straight; lower crossvein straight,
slightly oblique, nearly twice its length distant from the middle
crossvein ; poisers pale tawny. Length of the body 2 lines; of
the wings 2^ lines.

St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay,

[This species seems likewise to belong to the Ulidina, a group
which is so abundantly represented in America. — Loew."]

API'KNDIX.

201

1. WaUcr, List of Dipt. Ins. IV.

Page 995. Ortalisf COBtalis, n. s., Fern.

Nijrra, abdmuiiio nif^ro-iuneo, podibus nigris, alls limpidis ad
costuiu fusco biinucMiliitis, 8tif^inuto iiigru.

Head wantiiif?: clifst dull black, bcHct witl> a very fow black
bristles: abdoiiicii wesslle, brassy-black, sliiiiiiij;, slightly spindle-
sliaped, niucjj lonj^cr but hardly broader tliati the chest; Icfrs
black, clothed with very short black iiairs ; wiufrs colorless, with
a small brown spot just above the tip, and another at the l)asc of
the fore border, whero tiie vein is thickened ; a black l)and alonff
the middle of the fore border; winp-ribs and veins black; third
longitudinal vein straight, with the exception of a very slight
angle at its junction with the lower crossvein, which has two
very slight curves, the upper inward, the lower outward. Length
of the body IJ line; of the wings 3^ lines.

St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay.

[In this description, after the words "third longitudinal vein
straight," something seems to be wanting, as this vein does not
at all meet the posterior crossvein. The species very likely also
belongs to the Ulidina. — Loew.']

8. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, Tab. XXVI. fig. 17.

Page 289. Vrophora antillarum.

Tiridl-nigra, Fronte testacea, alls fasciis duabus, apicequo
fuse is.

Long. 1^ lin. %. — Palpos noirs. Face d'nn vert noirAtre
luisant, it Icger duvet blanc sur les cotc.s. Front testacc; une
tache verte sur le vertex. Antenr.es noirs. Thorax et abdomen
d'lm vert luisant noirAtre. I'ieds noircs ; premier article des
tarses testace. Ailos claires, a base jauni\trc ; une prcmiiTe
baiule passant sur la premiere nervnre transversale, et iratteigiiant
pas le bord intcrieur ; la denxienie entiere, passant snr la deuxieine
transversah; extromite a tache brnne, lice a la deuxieme baiide
par le bord exterieur egalement brun.

Des Antilles.

[Almost undoubtedly an Ulidina. — Loew.]

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Dll'TKIlA OF NollTII AMKIllfA.

[I'AUT III.

1). lliijot, Uuinon de Ut Hmjra, lliitf. Jin. <l. I. I.-lii da (.'tiba.
Illdlu riil«il'iuii».

Nipro-picco-nilens, liyposioiiiute iiij,'n»; frontc, ociilis, nriitn-
liis(,iu! I'lilvis, (ic'ui|)itf liiuiiiini; tlioracu hi^ro-niirtiii'; iiliiluiniiic
lii^i'o-pifro ; |M'(lil)iis t'tilvis ; uiiticis, cruriliiis tiiiticc ItiiiiiiM miu.
tiliu.s; tihiis tarsi,s(jii(' Itriiiiiicis ; intcnni'diis |H)sticist|iir, I't'iimri.
bus Imsi, l)i*uiiiii>is; tihiis intsticu hniiincis ; alls livalitiis; I'u^ia
bruiiiica, ]Miitctn(|U(> apicali iii^ro. — lioii^r. 4 mill.

[This spccii's may brloiij^ to tlic I'lidiiia, Imt it is imt pruhal)!*.'
that it is a tnio I'lidia. 'V\w I'lidid vuliiUnn ISiiiui, (Icsn-ilii'd
ill the saiiif place, is imt an Orttilida at all, l»iit hejoiij^s lu tlio
A[)i'omyzidn, peiimps to the genus A<jrumijza. — Lovu'.~\

10. Walker, Tran>i. of the E)d. Snr., Tom. V. iSfil.
Page 32G. Oitaliii bipui'S.

Nifrricanto viridis, eapite supra aiiteiiiiis(nie rijfis, hariiin nrtieulo
tcrtio loiifi'o linear!, pedilais iiijjris, a!is«nlliis iiiuro-iritiiseiatis et
apiee maeiilatis, vittid HeeuiidA tertia(iue posticu obsolelis, priuii
ini'onjpleti\, halterihiis pallidis.

IJhiekish-frreeii : head altovo and antenna? red ; third joint (if
the anteniiiu loii};, linear; win<rH wliite, with three i-Ii}::lit hlack
bands and an apical spot, first band very ineoinplete ; second inid
third ohsolete hindward ; diseal transverse vein straijiht, upn'irlit,
parted by oiie-fniirth of its lenfrth from the border and by iiiinli
more than its length from the brachial transverse vein , hulteris
pa'e.

Length of the body 2^ lines ; of tho wings 4 Hues.

United States.

11. WaUrr, Trans, of the Ent Sac, Tom. V. 1861.

Page 324. Bricinnia.

Corpus longinsculuni, sat angustum. Peristoma magnum.
Antennarnni artieuliis tertius longus, gracilis, linearis; arista
giinplex, gracilis. Thora.x longus, lateribus conipressis. Alul(t-
men longuiu, subfusifornie, apiee attenuatura. Pedes validi. Ahc
gat angustio, vcnis rectis.

i'a-m. Oviductus vagina) producta;, gracilis.

:.i,r 'ijiiii.:.

^^

API'KNDIX.

2(i3

IVxly rntlirr lonp ntul iiivrmw. Kitistoiim ratliiT prnniincnt ;
iiKMitli large; tliini joint of tliu aiiti'iiiiiu lung, ,><lfh<|i'r. linear,
txtcntiing to the fpistoum; ui'ista slcnik-r, sinipli', marly twice
tilt' length of the thini joint. Thorax long, coniiues^eil on eaeli
silk". Abdomen long, .suhfusilornj, utteniinteil towanls the tip.
Legs .stout, ni(M|eralely long. Wing rather narrow ; v« in.-^ .straight.

Female. Alidomen allenuuted at the tip. Vagina of the
oviduct blonder, produced.

Ilriciiiiiia llcxiTltta Fnm.

Nigra, capito npud oeulo.s ulbo, vittA anticA nlltidA, nntenni.s
firniginoi.s ba.si fulvis, thoraix' vitti.s trii)U.s alhidi.s, pcctore piir-
purco-eyanco, abdoniinu cupreo, feinoribu.s poslici.s iiasi llavi.-,
tiirsi.s fulvis, alls sub-cinerei.s, co.stA apieecjuo luridi.s, villA discali
nngiilatA nigrA, venA di.scali traiisversA vix urciiata.

Female. Black: head white about the eyes and with a whitish
facial stripe, which is dilated towards the opistonni; antennie
ferruginous, tawny towards the base; thorax with three whiti.-ih
strijics; pectus blue, varied with purple; abdomen cupreous;
vagina of the oviduct nttenuateil ; liind femora yellow towards the
base; tarsi tawny; wings grayi.sh, lurid along the costa and nt
the tip.s, and with a blacki.sh stripe which extends from the l)a.se to
niid along the discal transverse vein; the latter i.s upright and
hardly curved, and is parted by four times its length from the
border, and by a little less than its length from the pnebruchiul
traiisver.so vein, which i.s obli(pio.

T.ongtb of the body 5 lines j of the wings 10 liucs.

Mexico.

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INDEX OF THE ORTALIDii:.

Achias, 23, 68

AfiiUa, IH, 18

AeipliorHae, 8, 16

Ac'iura 2enea v. d. Wulp, 170

Acrosticta, 65, 151

Acrosticta foveolata Lw., 151

scrobiculata Lw., 151
Actora, 22

Alapsilia. 5, 10, 12, 32, 35
Ailraiia, 27
Agiiatrodeg, 27
Auiethysa, 25
Amethysta, 25
Amphiciiephes, 44, 83
Aniphicnephes pertusu8 Lw., 84
Anacampta, 57, 129
Auacaiupta latiusuula Lw., 130

urticae Lin., 58
Apospasmica, 52, 131
Anielio, 46

Ardelio longipennia Lw., 46
brevicornis Lw., 46
Automola, 12, 52, 118

fiaccha capitata Lw., 68
Blaiiivillia, 16
Itoisduvalia, 16, 18
Biva, 27
Uromophila, 35

Callopistria, 62, 140

Callopistria aimulipes Macq., 62, 141

Calobatidae, 30

Cainpigastar, 26

Cauiptoaeura, 18, 24, 50, 108

Cainptoneura piota Fbr., 27, 109

Celetor, 41

Cephalia, 7, 10, 11, 22, 23, 32, 49

Cephalia femoralis Witd,, 23, 47

myrmecoidea Lw., 48, 100
rufipes Meig., 11, 49

rephaliua, 48, 102

Ceroxys, 17, 25, 57, 125

Ceroxy3 caniis Lw., 128

coerulea Macq., 25, 150
crassipeiinis Fhr., 57
obscuiicornis Lw., 126
ocbricoruis Lw., 126
quadrifaaciata Macq., 44
siinilis Lw., 127

Cestrotus, 15

Cliaetopais, 65, KiO

Chaetopsis seiiea Wied., 170
debilia Lw., 172

Chloria, 63

Chloiopliora, 16, 19

Cbromatomyia, 27, 39

Chroinatoniyia laeta Wlk., 40

Chrysomyza, 6, 10, 12, 63

Cliryaomyza deiuandata Meig., 65

Cleitamia, 21

Clidonia, 16, 18, 21

Clitodoca, 42

Coelometopia, 23, 26, 68, 1S8

Coelouietopia bimaculata Lip., 189
ferruginea Wlk., 13, t'>S
triiiiaculata Fbr., Oft,
188

Coelopa, 22

Coiiicepa, 64, 70, 177

Coiiicepa iiiger Lw., 178

Couopaidea, 10, 23

Cordyluia poiJagrica Fhr., 14

Corniocaria, 5, 54

Cormocaria bucephala Meig., 6, 54

Criipbiocwra, 26

CrypbiocHra, 26

Cyitouiftopa, 179

Dacina, 34

Dacua, 12

Dacua acnleatna Fl)r., 158

seneua Wild., 46

bicdlor Wied., 12

brevicornis Fhr., 46

coblalia Fhr., 15S

( 205)

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206

INDEX OF TUK ORTALIDiE.

Dacas fl.avicornis Wied,, 12, 69
flavus /"/-r., tJ8
fraten-ulus IK«V(/., 12
macularis Flir., 47
obtusua /'6r., 148
olf.e /7»r., 28
paiallelus ir/w/., 12
pf»lagri(!us /'6r., 14, 18
serpfMtii'us Wied., 13
sucoinctus IF«ed., 12, 44
Dasymt'topa, 05, 145
Dasymetopa Intutenta Lw., 146
Dwlpliiiiia, 16, 18, 24, 50
Delphiiiia tlioracica Hob. Desv., 109
Diaurita, 27, 51, 111
Diaorita iemiila Lw., 114

costalis Gerst., Ill
Diphromyia. 13, 16, 24, 35
Dicbruiuvia braziliensis Rob. Desv.,
13, 16
caffra Macq., 35
sani^uiniceps Wied., 24,
35
Dictya connexa Fbr., 25
dfcora Fhr,, 36
externa Fhr., 14
ocellata Fbr., 8
picta Fhr., 109
Diptera aciphorea, 8, 11
Doiycera, 5, 10, 17, 21, 22, 53
Dorycera graminum Fbr., 53
Drosopliilid*, 24
Duomyia, 27, 41

Earoniyia, 6, 10
Khiplioiiiyia. 27
Elapliomyia Wallaoei Saund., 27

cervicornis Sauud,, 27
Elaphromyia, 27
Elassogaster, 27
Einpyelocera, 6, 10, 63, 65
Engistoiieiira, 43
Eniconeiira, 24, 42
Eniconeiira violacea Macq., 42
Ephydiiiiidae, 15
Epicausta, 46
Epicerella, 23
Epidestna, 18, 25, 44
Epidesuia fascipennis Macq., 45
Epiplatca, 64, 194
Epiplat**a trosa Lw., 194
Enelialcota, 40
Enohalcota decora Macq., 40
Eumetopia, 22, 65, 175
Euinetopia ruflpes Mttcq., 175

varipes Lw., 176
Euolena, (!7, 1^3
Euoleaa egregia Gerst., 67

Enphara, 65, 150

Kuphara coerulea Lw,, 150

Kiiprosopia, 26

I'liirina, 21

Kiiiipali)iiH, 24

Kuxesla, 65, 153

Euxt'sta abilominalia 7^7^'., 163
altfvnanfl Lw., li;5
atinonae Fbr., 162
binotata Lw., 160
costalis Fbr., 158
«luta Lw., 168
niti<liventris Lw., 157
notata [Vied., 156
pusio IjW., 155
qiiaternaria Lw., 159
spoliata Lw., 154
Btigiuatias Lw., 166
Thomas Lw., 163

Qorgopis, 27, 65
Gymnopoda, 22

Helomyzid8B,'27

Hemix'aiitha, 69, 100

Hetiiixaiitha spiuipes Lw., 190

Henicoueura, 24, 42

Heniconeiira feneatralia Macq., 24

Heiiicoptera, 21

Heramyia, 16, 17

Hcriiia, 16, 18, 24

Heriua calcarata Macq., 47
cbalybea Dolesch., 47
inetallica v. d. H '«//<, 03
tnexicana Macq., 47
quadrifasciata Macq.. 00
ruficeps V. d. Wulp, 123
rufitarsis Macq., 89

Hesyquillia, 16, 17

Hesyquillia lugnbris Rob. Desv., 17

Heterogaster, 24, 34

Heteromyzidae, 24

Himeroossa, 44, 85

Himeroessa pretiosa Lw., 85

Holodasia, 58

Uolodasia fraudulosa Lw., 58

Ilomalocephala, 23

Hypochra Lw., 57

Hypochra albipennis Lw., 67

Hypoecta, 65, 173

Hypoecta longnla FjK., 173

Hypotyphla, 33, 36

Idana, 52, 115

Idana inarginata Say, 115

Idiotypa, 67, 183

Idiotypa append iculata Lw., 183

1*t

V

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•

ti

INDEX OF THE ORTALlDiE,

207

1'

11.

J.;r

"'i ':„

'■t>.

''VI

Latnpropaster, 25, 27, 39

Lauxaniilie, 21, 23

Leptopoilitae, 21. 22

Li para, 22

Loiuliaea, (5, 8, 9, 10, 19, 22

Loncliwa laticornis, 22

Loxodfsiiia, Tif)

Loxoflesiua lacnstris Meig., 56

Loxfiiieiira, 13, 24, 117, 3o

Loxoufura decora Fbr., 36

Maria, 27
Meckelia, 16, 17
Mplaiioloina. «9, 192
Melaiioloiua afiiiii.s Lw., 192

(^yaiiogaster Wied., G9,
193
Melicria, 16, 17
Meracantlia, 23, 70
Micliogaster, 11, 18, 22, 23
Micioiieziiiie, It)
Mischogaster, 11, 18, 22, 47, 98
Miscliogaster diffusus G<rst., 47

epregius Gerst., t)7, 183
pernix Ger.st., 47
Musca annonse Fhr., 162
costalis /v., 158
octopuiictata Coqueh., 8, 68
picta Fbr., 50, 109
ptigma Fbr., 148
Myenni!^. llJ, 17, 58. 142
Myenuis fasciata Fbr., 59

scutellaris Witd., 143
Myodina, 16, 18, 152
Myopa iiigripeiinis Gray, 77
Myoris, 16, 17

Myriiieconiyia, 11, 16, 18, 48, 99
Myrinecoiuyia niyroiecoides Lw., 48,
"loo

Notacaiitliina, 13, 26
Noto.iiHiiitiia, 12, 05, 1-18
Notograuiiiia ciniicifortnis Lw,, 149
stigma Fbr., 148

Odontotnera, 23, 26
Odontouieia fenaginea Marq,,&n, 179
mncnlipeuuis Mucq.,
68, 179
Ofdopa, «i5, 146
(V(|(ip,i capito [ac, 146
niiialnc»ipliala, 23
<litalidflE, 28, 71
Oitalina, 52. 118

alls

32. r4

Ort

Ortalis apnea 117- rf., 170

aiinoiipe Wnd., 162

atuiuaria Witd., 11, 52, 118

Ortalis cana Lw., 123

clialyliea Wied., 51
colon Harris, Cat., 153
coiuiexa Meig., 3, 10, 25
costalis Wied., 158
deiitipea Macq., 25
fasciata Fbr., 17. 25
fasciata Wied., 52, 132
froiidesiientife fAn., 26
fuliniiiaiis Meig., 3
lamed Meig., 5
luctuosa Meig., 7
lugeiis /7<r.. 43
niarginata <S('^, 52, 115
nioerens Fbr., 43
iiotata Wild., 156
obscura IFtVf/., 59
oriiata Meiq.. 25
Ortoeda IKM-., 44, 89
paludum Meig., 7, 18
parallela Wied.. 43
poecilopt«ia Meig., 3, 10
quadrifartciata ir/A., 89
rnficeps Fbr., 55
eyngeuesiae Meig., 3, 4, 6, 32,

44
trifasciata Dohsrh., 42
ti'ifasciata Sai/. 170
trifasciata JK/Vrf., 11, 52, 118
Tau Sag, 8, 59, 61, 138
vibraus Lin., 3, 4, IL, 25, 32,

153
violacea Ma<q., 47

Orygma, 21

OscinidsB, 22

Oscinia, 16, 17
Olites, 5, 17, 21
Oxycepbala, 12, 22, 24, 73

Oxycephala fuscipeiuiia Marq., 77
feiiestrata Macq., 83
maculipenuis Mucq.,
74, 76

Pachvcephala, 38

Falloptera, 8. 9, 10, 19, 22

Fallopteridw, 9, 11, 30

Palpouiyia, 16, 17

Palpniiiyia Lalandi Rob. Desv., 17

Perciroiiatia 53

Perciioniatia inornata Lw., 53

Petalopliora. 42

Physogeiiia, 15, 27

Phytaimia, 27

Pliytalinia cervicornis Gerst,. 27

uiepalotis Gerst., 27
Pliytomydie niyodiiiae. 16

thelidomydw, 16
Piara, 50

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INDEX OF THE ORTALlPiE.

I'l.iciocepliala, 26

I'lalyoepliala, 21

I'liUystoma, (i, 10, 24, 32, 36

Platyatouia auuulipua Macq., 8, 59,
(J2, 141
asphaltina IFjW., 17,37
australia Wlk., 37
ciiicta Gn^r., 38
costalis JFi«/., 00
decora If/et/., 13, 24
fas^ipeiiiiid Mac(/., 36
latipeiiuis A/act/., 37
lunulata Muci/., 37
microcera Macrj,, 1()
nigi'oiiotata /^w., 38
ouullata Muc<i,, 13, 36
pectoralis Au>., 37, 38
aerainationia Fbr., 17
slictica /7;r., 36
niubrarum Fbr., 17, 37

Platystomina, 3(), 83

Polistoiles, 11, 16

Polistoides, 18

Prosopoinyia, 15

Psairoptera, 7, 10, 32, 62

I'silom.vdsB, 20, 22

P.siloinvia, 21

Pterocalla, 13, 60, 132

Pteroualla ocellaia Wied., 13, 60
strigula Wied., 60, 133

Pterocalliua, ri&, 132

Pterogenia, 27

Pteropaectria, 56

PteropiBitria palustris Macq., 56

Pteropoecila, 54

Pteropoecila lauied Schrk., 54

Ptiloiiota, 54

Ptilonota centralis Fall., 54

P/rgota, 12, 21, 28, 36, 72

Pyrgota millepunctata Lw,, 73
pterophoriiia Gernt., 81
uudata Wied., 77
veapertilio Gerst., 79

Pyrgotiua, 33, 72

Rhopaloraera, 14, 15, 21

Rtiopalomera pluuropuuotata Wied,,
14

Richardia, 14,16, 18, 25, 63, 66, 178

Richardia Havitarsis Macq,, 66
podagrica Fhr., 179

Richard ina, H^i, 171

Rioxa, 27

Rivellia, 16, 18, 25, 44, 87

Rivellia atra Lie, 45

basil aria Wied., 44
Boi.cii Hob. Desv., 93
cuujiiucta Lw., b6

Rivellia flavimana Lw., 92
uiicaiirt Lw., 94
pallida Lw., 95
quadrifasciata Macq,, 90
syiigfiiesije Lin,, 44
variabilis Lw., 91
Tiriduiaus Hub. lJesv.,4-1, 88

Saproniyza, 19

Sapromyzidse, 15, 30

ycatomyzida;, 20

fcicalophaga bispinosa Fbr., 13

fasciata Fbi., 8, 17, 25,

38, 58
triiiiaculata Fbr., 68

Scliolastcs, 38

bcliolastes ciiictiis Gufr., 39
uepticiila Lu\, 39

Scioniyza buccpliala Mtig,, 5, 10, 17

bcioiiiyzidae, 15, 30

iScotinosoiiia, 45

Seioptuia, 152

^enopterina, 12, 22, C5, 40

Senopteriiia dt^cora Macq., 40

Seoptera, 63, 151

Seoptera colon Lio., 152

vibrans Lin., 64, 153

Sepsidse, 7, I'O, 22, 30

Sepsis Guerini /iiijut, 66, 180

yetellia, 16, 18, 22. 23, 6(!

Betellia apicalis Macq., 07, 182
atra Hub. Desr., 67

Sophira, 27

Spliei^oiiiyia valida Harris, 74
mil I at a Harris, 77

Sphenoprosopa, 34, 36

!^t<Mieretiiia, 64, 68, 186

Steneretiua laticauda Lw., 187

iStenouiacra, 6ti, 180

titenouiacra Gueriiii Bigot, 180

Stenouiyia, 65, 173

Stenouiyia tenuis Lw., 174

Htenopterina, 12, 22, 46, 9()

btenopteriua aenea Wicih, 97
basalis Wlk., 47
brevipes Fbr., 97
bicolor Wlk,, 47
cserulescens Lto,, 97
decora Macq., 40, 47
feniorata Macq., 46
gigas Macq., 47
iiuiuaculata Macq., 46
nigripes Macq., 47
Bcutellaris Macq,, 47
subinetallica Lw., 47
tiivittata Macq., 47

Stictocephala, 61, 134

Stictocephala corticalis Fitch, 61, 136

*. ■<

S^'

INDEX OF THE OUTALIDiE.

209

Stictocfpliiila cribrum Lw., (Vl, 1155
ciibttlluiii Lw., ii2, 134
vau ^ui/, 01, 138

Ptniussia, 17

Btifinzia, 10, 17

t'tiuuielu, 27

Styldplioia, It), 18

>v'it;ii't's, 07, lb2

byiitaues apicalis Macq., 67

bystata livularis Fbr., 55

Tauliini.lae, 27

'IVpliritiiiie, 21, 23

Tepliiitis auiioiiaj Fbv., 102
caerulea Macq., 41
coiiica /'6r., Id!)
coiticalis Fitrlt, 01
(lorsalis Micq., 25
fasfiata Mel;/., 17
niellifiinis f'l^Vi, 44, 89
strigipenuis Macq., 41
violacea Gray, 3tj

Tepliroiiota, 50, 122

Tepliioiiota gyraiis //?«., 57
lunuilis Ziu;., 123

'JViastomyia, 27

'IVrciuyia, 22

Tet.inooera bispinosa Fhr., 13, 26

Tetimnps, 5, 10, 21, 53, 119

'I'etauops luridipeiinis Aw., 119
Integra Lio., 121
riiyopiiia Fall., 53
sanguiuiceps iVitJ,,ld,\fJ,
35

Th^mara, 27

Tlnyophila, 56

Tliiyophila fiourlKScentiae Lin., 50

Tliyieoplioiidse, 20

Tiiiiia, 0, 10, 03, 05

Timia apicalis M>iij., 6

crytlirocephala Wied., 6

Toxoneura, S, 9, 19, 22

Toxotrypaua, 27, 34, 36

Toxiiia, 23, 35

Trajilu-ra, 51

Triironoinetopus, 21

Trii^oiiostoiua, 27

Tritoxa, 50, 102

Trituxa cuueata Lw., 107

u

Tritoxa fi.-xa ''<,/., 102'
iiicurva Lie, l(i4

Trypela seiiea v. il. ICx/y/, 170
alb.'varia H7/,-., 27, 43
arcuiita W'lk., 27. Iti2
basihuis \V(,d.. 13, 44
cyanogastur Witd., 13, 09.

192
excepta Wlh., 27
fasi'iata Fhr., S, 10
fl.'xa Wifd., 13. 50, 102
loiigipHiiliis Wicd., 17
obscura Wicd., 13, 24, 00
ocellata Wieil., 13, 59
piuta Fbr., 18
pi.:ta Wii'd., 13, 24, 109
iiuadrifastiirita I/nrris, sS'
scutellaris M'i'd., 13, 143
triiuai'uiata iVud., 20, 188
uliila A/c, 00

Ti-ypetidae, 30

Uliilia, 0, 22. 23, 03, 65
Ulidia a'lipa I'lir., 12

bipuiiulata M'tcq., 05
(li'iniimlata .Mei<j.. 6
I'ulvifroiirt Jiii/"l, 65
iiietalliiia li(<)iit, 05
stiu'ina Fhr.,')l, 05
sligina ^7e(/., 149
Ulidina, 04, 145
Un)j)li()ra, IS, 22
Urophora ienea Macq., 172

fulvifroiis Marq., 22, 17i»
quailrivittata Macq., 22,
102

Valonia, 27, 38

Valoiiia coinplicata Wlk., 38

Vidalia, 10, 17

X an gel in a, 27
Xiria, 27

Zona, 27, 36

Zygothrica, 23

Zygothiica dispar Macq., 24

Zygotrioha, 23

Zygaennla, 05

Zygieuula paradoxa DoUsch., 27, 65

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REVIEW

OF TBB

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

TXTRODUCTIOX.

In 1800, at the time of the publication of my paper on the
Tnjpe'lidae, contained in the first volume of these Monofrraphs,
only twenty-three North American species of this family were
known. Since then, this numljer has reached sixty-one. Among
tiiese additions there is a nuinl)er of species of ])revious authors,
cuiH'crni : which I did not possess sufficient information at the
time (il my earlier essay. Moreover, a number of si)ecie9
published by AViedemann became accessible to me in type speci-
mens, throug:h the kindness of the Berlin and Vienna JMuseunis.
Since that time-, also, several other authors have pul)lished new
species belonging to the same group. And, finally, the systematic
distribution of the group Trijpetina has obtained, for the Euro-
pean species, a more solid foundation.

It would seem to be time, therefore, to undertake an entirely
new work on the Trijix'lina of North America ; but as tin' plan
of the present series does not well admit of it, I have adopted the
form of a supplement to my previous paper. One of the principal
aims of the present essay will be, the adaptation to the American
fiiuiia, as far as it is possible, of the systematic distribution intro-
duced among the Tnjpetina of the old continent. While I was
engaged on ^lonographs, etc., Part I, the number of the North
American species with which I was ac(i'.:aiuted, was, as yi't, too
insignificant for an attempt at a sub.iivision in smaller groups ;
besides, similar attempts, uudertakeu for the European species

(211)

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212

REVIEW OF NORTH AMKUICAN TllYI'ETINA.

by otLcr autliors (an accdunt of tlii'ui may be foiiiul in ^Ioik).
gni|(lis, etc., I'urt 1, p. 4',l-51), scciiird to iim so ill fniK-civod,
liuit I did not feel iiieliiied to Hdojjt tlicm as a liasis for fiirtlicr
duvclojitiu'iit. 1 inTccivi'd, on tliu eoiilrary, that any aitciii|it to
8ul)divido exotic Trypflidiu imist bo i)rt'('cdfd liy a riiiioiinl
hystc'iiiatic distribution of the more ubniidaiit iiiateriiil of the
European speeies. In 1^02, in my monojrrapli of tlie l']iiro|ii'iiii
Tri/jirlithi', I divided the Trijj».iina into twenty buljjicmTa:
I'tu/i/parcd, Kapltranta, Aciura, IJi'iuilrn, AnoDifiii, Aridm,
t:>pil<>(jrajiha, Zonoticuia, lilnKjolrlix, Ji/iorochhxna, Tri/jirta, J.'i,-
aina, Myopitea, Urophofa, Sjihenella Corjihatrirha, ().ri//i/ii'rti,
Qjujna, 'lephriliH, and Urellia. The definitions of these j;rnu]is
will be found in the above-quoted work. To these must in;
added: /Iijpenidium (estahlislied by me siiiee, in tin; Jlfrlinrr
Entom. Zcilfivhr., YI, p. 87), Orrllia (sej)arated liy Schiner, in
Ids Fauna Audriaca, from Ofchixjiis) and Chcloxtoina iCstal)-
lislied by llondani, in his Prodvoinna, Vol. I). Siieli is the im -
sent t tate of the classifieation of the European Tri/peluin, upon
whieh the distribution of the known Nortli Amoriean speeies is
to be liased. Considerable as the nuinln'r of tlie latter is, it is
certain at the same time that this number (b)es not reach one-
fifth, perhaps not one-tenth, of all the e.\istinj( North Amerieiiii
'fri/pctina. Any attempt at a distrii)ution, tlicri'fore, would
proliably be modified by further diseoveries. In this dilemni!!,
the eourse I adoi)ted was, to ai)pend to the deseriptioti of eioli
ppeeie.s the necessary remarks on its systeniafie position, and to
give a general survey of all the results thus obtained, at the end
of the volume.

Detailed descriptions of those species oidy are given here,
whieh are not descrilied in Monographs, etc., Part I, or the
descriptions of which were insnflicient. The descriptions con-
tained in that volume are indicated by references; the diagnoxs,
however, even of those older species are rei>roduced here, wiiii
the niodifleatioas rendered necessary by the addition of the new
speeies.

An important defect of the present publication is, that a con-
siderable number of the new species are not re])resented on the
plates. The reason is, that the i)lates were prepared more tlniii
four years ago, at a time when the nundier of the known North
American species was not sufficient to fill the required number

REVIEW OF NORTH AMERirAN TRYPETINA,

213

of fifrnrcs. This was done by the mldilion of a iiuni))(>r of South
Aniericaii sjtcoii's, doscrilx'd for the >ni\n\ of coinpuriHon, hut tho
figures of which I wouhl liave iirofcrrcd now to rrplact' hy tiiose
hpccics froiu North America, wliicli I received after tlio phites
wore jiriuted.

The critical exaniiiiati<<n of tlic spcoics dcsrriUed hy oilier
authors, ap])<'ii(led to tin; first vohinio, p. r)7~'il, rerpiii'ed several
corrections and additions. 1 have, therefore, reproduced it, thus
aniend<'d, at the end of the present volume, as Appendix I.
Appendix II contains descriptions, hy other authors, of species
not known by nic and not contained in I'art I.

Tiio materials for the present ])uI»!ication, as far as the North
American si)ecies are concerned, are principally, almost exclu-
sively, derived from the conininniciitions of IJaron Osten-Sacken
If I had had a similar support from more than one side, my work
jni<!:lit. of course, have been more complete and more ])crfect. As
it is, I have been cornpelh-d to draw the descriptions of sevenil
species from single, often Imdly jireserved, specimens, and I am
afraid that these descriptions, as well as the opinions expressed
by me on the systematic posiiion of sijuie species, may sometimes
l)etray the incompleteness of uiy materials. I trust that an cfpii-
table critic will bear these circumstances iu mind in framing Lis
appreciations.

U. LOEW.

GrBE.s-, August, 1873.

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LIST OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF TRYPETA/

PAGE

tabellaria Filch, 9 . . 2G3

pomonella Walih, 9 . . 265

Insecta Lie J .... 268

plKjLMiiciira n. 8. ^ . 9 . 269

pcBcilogastra n. s. '^ . 270

teaturlinea d. s. 9 • • 272

aparsa Wied. %.^ . . 274

rotundipennla Lw, % . 276

culta Witd. ■£ . 9 . . . 276

solidaglnia fitch, %.^ . 279

comma Wied. 9 . . . 28(»

latifrona Lio. 9 ... 283

melanura n. s. 9 . . . 283

alba Lin. ■^ . 9 . . . . 285

albidipennia Lw. -J . 9 . 286

Vernonias Z-w. 'S . 9 . . 286

aeriata Liv. % . . . , 287

circinata n. s. 'J . 9 . . 288

Lichtensteiuil Wied. % . 289

humiliB Lw. %.^ . . . 291

peregrina n. s. ^ . 9 • 292

angustipennia Lw. %.'$ 293

finalia Aw. %.^ ... 296

clathrata Lw. 9 ... 297

geminata Lw. 9 ... 298

fucata Fbr. I . . . . 300

albioeps u. s. 'J • 9 • • 302

euryptera n. a. 9 • • 304

platyptera n. s. 9 . . 306

eequalia /-w. 'J, . 9 . . 308

' The species from South America, rJescribed for the sake of comparison
with Noitli American species, are printed in smaller type and not num-
bered iu this list.
(214)

PAOE

1.

ezlmla Wlrd. % . 9

. . 216

24

2.

amabi'ia u. s. '^ .

. . 219

25

3.

auspensa /."'. % .

. . 222

26

4.

fraterculuB Wied. %

. 222

5.

ludena n. s. '^ . .

. . 223

27

6.

tricincta n. h. % .

. . 225

28

parallela Wied. % . 9

. 229

29

linmata u. s. '^ . 9

. 229

30

Integra n. s. ■^ . 9

. 230

31

consobrina n. s. ^ . 5

) . 230

32

pseudoparallelan. a.

^.9 230

33

7.

vulnerata n. a. -J, . 9

. 232

34

8.

fratria Lw. 9 . .

. 234

35

9.

Buavia Lw. '^ . .

. 235

36

10.

canadensis n. s. 9

. 235

37

11.

longipennis Wied. 'J.

9 . 238

38

12.

electa Sai/, 9 • .

. 243

39

13.

flavonotata Marij. ^

. 244

40

14.

tetanops n. s. % .

. 245

41

15.

sarcinata Lio. 9 .

. 247

42

16.

discolor Lw. %

. 250

17.

obliqua Say, '^ . 9

. 251

43

biseriata n. s. 9 •

. . 252

44

18.

palposa Ljp. -J, . .

. 253

45

19.

QoresoentiaB Lin. '^ .

9 . 254

46

20.

polita Lw. 9 . .

. 256

47

21.

atra Lw. ■J, . 9 . .

. 256

48

nigerrima n. s. 9

. . 258

49

22.

glbba n. s. 9 . .

. . 260

50

23.

clngulata Lw. % . 9

. 263

51

LIST OF TUB DESCRIBED SPECIES OP TttYPETA.

r)6. mezloana Wied. %
■>7. pura u. ». 9 . .
58. abstersa f^w. % . 9
50. poljolona u. s. 9 •
60. BolariB Im. 9 • •
Gl. actluobola u. 8. %

52.

featlva Lw. %.^ . .

PAOK

30!)

spuotabilia n. s. ^ ■ 9

3119

63.

bella Lw. %.^

311

54.

timida Lw. % , . .

311

obscuriventris n. s. 9

313

65.

melanogastra Lw. % . 9

3 1.''.

touuia u. 8. 9 . .

. 31G

215

FAng
317

32i
324
325
326

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DKSCI'JPTION OF THE SPECIES.

1. T. rximia Wifd. % 9.— Lntca, abdoinine iiiitro-f.iHclato; si'utHllum
ii],ij,'miiii, jil.imiiii, seti,H kpx viilidi.s iiistnietmii ; jiliiium picliiiii fu hh
imlH a hnsi inaculis inegularibus variegata a<l iiltiiiiiiin u-i|ii.' tiiHuiMui
l)"itin«'t, ulii vittnm costalem et fa.<ciaiii a inargiiie antico ml iMwiiiiim
olili(|ijH (hictain einittit ; jirietHrea in tna^^ill« antico (hire in.ifnlii' tii-
Konw ft liyaiind', in ikisiIco ijuie suliovatsB et Hnliiiyalinw (•i)n.'<pi(.iiintur,
a<l quart in Kiieoiininiliiis pleriHqiie macula rotunda hyalina in celiulre
di.scdidalia busi sita aouedit.

Clay-VHllow, alxJonif-n banded with black; RcntHlInm larpe, flat, with six
fitiong liristlns; tlie brownisli-black coloring of the win;,'ri renins ftonj
tliH i^r^•^MIlarly spotted basis to tliH last third of the win«, wlit-re it
emits two liands, one of which forms a border alonj; the costa, the other
runs oblii|Ueiy from the anterior to tlie posterior mnrpin ; moreover. tliH
anterior niiirfiin shows two triangular iiyaline spots, the posteiior ni,ir.;iii
tnn almost oval and less Iiyaline spots; most specimens liave. liHsiib-i,
a round Iiyaline spot on the basis of the <liscal cell. Loni;. idip.
0.2t;— (t.2{j, 9 cum terebra 0.29— (i.3(»; long. al. 0.25— (i.2ij.

Svv. Tri/pfta exiiniu Wikd. Zweifi. Ins. 11, p. 477, 2.

Trphritis fuiciventris iMacq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, p. 291. Tab. XXVII,
f. 3.

riny-yo1lnw; hond of a somowlint ptiror yellow, rntlior disci-
form. Front narrow, still more narrowed anteriorly, with a
.«mnll, Itiit well-defnu'd frontal liinnlo. Frontal and vertical
hristli'S black, nitiier long and strong; the upper Imlf of tlio
posteriuj orbit of the eyes with a row of black and blackisli-lirown
brif^tles. Antennae clay-yellowish, third joint elongated, round('(l
at the tip; arista very slender, with a hardly perceptible pubes-
cence. Face perpendienlar; the edge of the month not upturned ;
jtalpi yellowish, l)road, reaching as far as the anterior edge of tiie
mouth ; their pubescence, as well as that of the mcntuni and oi'
the occiput, is yellow. Thorax rather strongly built, eompnra-
tively broad between the roots of the wings ; the humeral callus
and a longitudinal stripe between it and the root of the wing, are
yellowish-white or sulphur-yellow; a longitudinal stripe of a
similar color, which is generally but little visil)le in dried sjx'ci-

(•210)

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'DESCHII'TKiN i>F THE Sl'EflKj.

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rnt'nfl, suns from tlie porttrrior curriiT of tin' ilioraeic dorsiiiii to
tlie traiisver.so siituiv; in fioine siu'ciinuns the pDsU'iior Ixudi ri.f
tlie fli(»riiiMc (l(ir>uiii ulso sliowd u Inici' of a li;;lit(.(r (■oloniif;; ilm
dense, Iml very nIidi'I, iiuliesceiiet' of tlie tliorn'ic (lorsiiiii is ycl-
lowi-li ; the Muierocliajltt! upon it are l»ia( k ; there are seven nf
them on eaeli side, vi/. : tline on each side, in a mw liejfinninj^
at tlic liunierurf and etnling before tiiu root cf the wings; tliice
utiiers a little further from the lateral margin in a row ljeginiiin<^
nt the transverse sntiirc and ending in the virinity of the posic-
rior corner; linally, a single In'islle between the hist one of ihi.s
second row and the lateral corner of the scnteilnni; there aro
only two pairs of tnacroeluL'tu! on the longitudinally middle pnr-
tiiiji of the thoracic dorsum, not far from the posterior margin;
tlie bristlcH of the posterior pair are at a mcjderate distance Iroiii
each other, the distance between those of the aiitci'ior pair is
|>erha])s three times pr<^atir. All the bristles and bri>tle-lilio
hairs noon the plenroe and tho pectus aro lilack ; the short pulics-
eoiiee upon the upper half of the pleurte is blackish, on the lower
liiiif it is pale-yellow. Seiitelluni comparatively large, flat, with
a slutrt, yellowish jtubescence on the upper side, and with six
strong inacrocliietse along the edge; in life, the scutellum is pro-
hiiltly altogether whitish-yellow or sulphur-yellow, while in dry
specimens, this coloring is perceptible along the liorders only.
The abdomen has browidsh-black bands, which do not reach tho
posterior margin of tho segments ; these bands occur upon the
second, third, and fourth segments; they are often less developed
upon the anterior segments than upon the posterior ones, and
here sometimes interrupted; upon the rather largo last abdomiiml
segment of the male the brownish-black crossband is especially
broad and more or less emarginate on its posterior side ; my
only female specimen has on the lirst abdominal segment an
incompletely developed brownish-black band, situate before the
l)osterior margin. Tlie ]iile upon the abdomen is black; pale-
yellowish on the upper side of tho first segment and sometimes
also on the basis of tho second; however, all tho jjile upmi the
abdomen assumes, in a reflected light, and especially in speciiiieiis
of a lighter coloring, a brownish-yellow, almost a ferriigiiiniis-
yellow tinge (with tho exception of the stronger, brislle-!ike
hairs). The hypopygium is brownish-black; the brown ovijjos'tnr
is conical, not flattened at all, perceptil)ly longer than the last

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

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two segments taken togutlier, but shorter than the last three. Its
\)\\e is brownish-yellow or brown, the eolor of the rather luii"
brirttle-like hairs on the end of the first segment in ilark-brown or
black. Feet clay-yellow; front femora on the upper .^ide with
short, on the under side with more elongate black bristles ; tVdni
tibia) not bristly; middle femora ut the end of the posterior fUlr
with a few bristles and, also, ou the under side, with twc loiigiui-
dinal rows of short black bristles, which arc more developrd in
the male than in the female; micklle tibia) with a swingle row of
bristles; hind fe/uora, at the end of the ui»per side with elongatcii
))ristles, with shorter ones on the under side; hind tibia) with
(jrislle-like cilia. Tegula) more than usually developed. Wintrs
rather hirge and broad; the first longitudinal vein altogctlur
beset with bristles, the third far beyond the small crossvtjin, the
lifih upon the first and upon the beginning of its second section,
bristly; the second longitudinal vein ends in the eosta at an
acute angle, and diverges very strongly from the third, the latter
is not bent anteriorly at its end; crossveins rather api)ro.\iiiiate,
the small one perpendicular and of a comparatively consideriilile
length ; the posterior one very steep and sonievvhat curved towards
its posterior end; posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a
rather long lobe. The brownish-black, sometimes almost black
])icture of the wings, is recognizable in Macquart's above-quoted
figure, although not correctly rendered ; the round i)ale spot in
the discal cell shoulu oe much nearer to its basis ; the pale inden-
tation at the posterior margin, near the basis of the wing, should
l)e much narrower; the stigma should be placed entirely in the
dark portion of the coloring; the hyaline double spot near the ante-
rior margin is seldom merely emarginate posteriorly ; in most cases
it is divided in two ap{)roximate triangular .spots; other dilVer-
ences in the picture likewise occur; the most common is, \\vM in
the discal cell, a little beyond the small crossvein, there is a short,
l)ale streak, crossing the cell, and which in some cases becomes
a hyaline transverse spot. A male from IJrazil in my collection
has, instead of the round pale spot in the discal cell, only a
somewhat paler place without any distinct outline ; the agree-
ment in the other characters being jjcrfect, I take it for a rather
unusual variety of T. eximia.

Thih. lirazil, especially Bahia and St. Paulo; Surinam;
Mexico.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

219

Observation 1. — Mr. Mucquart, in the above quoted place, sup-
poses that his 2\'ph riiis faKciceniris may be only a variety of the
Tephritis major, Dipt. Kxot. Suppl. 11, p. 1)3, Tab. \l, f. (>.
However, this Tephrilis major is identical with Tephritis socialis
AVied., a species which is very distinct from fascivcnlris Maeq.
(syii. eximia Wied.).

Observation 2. — I have gone into more detail about the
plastic characters of this species than was strictly necessary for
its specific identification. 1 did so on account of the great reseni-
hhnu'C in the plastic characters of 1\ eximia with T. amabilia,
with T. socioHs Wied., and with several other South American
species. These species form a very well-defined group, for which
I clinose the name of llexachscta, and which deserves to be con-
sidered as a separate genus. The generic character may bo
derived from what has been said, in the aitove description of
TnjjH'ta eximia, concerning the shape of tiie head and of its
parts, the sliai)e of the thorax and of ^he scutelluin, the number
and position of their macrochicta;, the bristles on the feet, as well
as concerning the bristles on the wiii'^-veins. The body and the
picture of the wings of all the species of Ilexavhirta are strik-
ingly uniform. I know of no other but American species of this
group.

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52. T. ainabilis n. sp. % . — Lutea, thoracis dorsum siilphnreo-vitta-
tuni, postice nigricans ; pleiiiae fusco-iUf.'ra), snlfuroo-vittata'; scutelluin
niagiiuin. plaiinin, setis sex validis instructuin, iiif.'riiin. late sulfiireo-
inarginatiim ; abdomen fasciia tribus iiiterruptis nigris ornatmii ; femora
iutermedia magiiil ex parte, postica fere lota nigra ; alarum i)ictura fiiat-o-
nigra, prseter tnaculam ingeiitem, quae in media alil locum lialiet et totara
ejus latitiidinem explet, fasciam augiistam subperpendicularem, (jui
vena transversalis posterior inoluditur, et vittam costalera iude ab hac
fascia usque ad summam alse apicem pertinentem ostendit.

Clay-yellowish, thoracic dorsum with sulphur-yellow longitisdlnal stripes,
blackish along the posterior margin : pleurse brownisU-black witli sul-
phur-yellow longitudinal stripes; scutellum large, flat, with six maoro-
clistre. black, with a bro.?d yellow border ; attdomen with three inter-
rupted Idack crossbands; intermediate femora partly, hind femora
almost enMrely brownish-black ; the brownish-hlaek picture of the
wiiiiis shown, besides an unusually large spot upon the middle of the
wing, occupyine its whole breadth, a narrow, almost perpendicular
crosshaml. covering the posterior crossvein, and from which a border
extends along the costa as far as the apex of the wings. Long. corp.
0.2G; long. al. 0.2(j.

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220

NORTH AMERICAN XRYI'ETINA.

Of the size of T. eximia Wied., and so closely allied to it in
all the plastic characters, that their detailed description woiilii lie
superfluous. Head and all its parts of the same coloring and the
same structure as in that species, only the frontal bristles iuo
somewhat weaker. The thoracic dorsum shows a delicate niidijlo
line, gradually fading anteriorly and expanding posteriorly iiuu
a large spot, which does not entirely reach the posterior tlionuic
margin, and is surrounded laterally and posteriorly by a l)hicki^li
coloring; beginning at the shoulder, a suli)liuryellow stripe runs,
gradually expanding, to the root of the wing ; it emits, near the
humeral callus, an upper branch, running towards the transvci^o
suture ; between both branches, the color changes into brownish.
Pleura) brownish-blaek, with a sulphur-yellow longitudinal
stripe across the middle; moreover, the sulphur-yellow stri|io
between the humerus and the root of the wings, is )rolongcd iiml' i-
the latter as far as the posterior end of the tuoiax. Seutclliua
entirely of the same structure as in T. eximia, sulphur yellow, iit
the basis of the upper side with a large, semicircular browni-h-
black spot, the border of the upper side only remaining sulphur-
yellow. Metathorax brownish-black, spotted with brown on ihe
sides, and with a yellow spot on the middle of its upper ,<i(li'.
The dense and very short pubescence of the thorax and the
scutellum is more whitish-yellow than is usually the case in T.
eximia; otherwise the hairs and bristles of both species are alike
in their coloring ; the number and position of the macroelia?ta' is
the same in both. Abdomen with three very broad black ero--«-
bands, which lie on the second, third, and fourth segments, nnd
leave uncovered only the middle line and the posterior ,i niriii d
these segments. The pile on the abdomen is black; or i;'- n^^iHr
side of the tirst segment and along the posterior border uf i:e
second, pale-yellowish. Hypopygium brownish-black. CuXic
and feet yellow ; the intermediate femora towards the basis,
to a great, but variable extent, brownish-black; hind fenura
black, somewhat yellow towards the end, especially on the umKr
side. The bristles on the femora and tibise are almo.st a> in
T. eximia. The shape of the wings, the venation, and the pnsi-
tion of the bristles are exactly as in that sjucies ; the patt( ni
of the picture is likewise a somewhat similar one ; however,
it differs considerably in the details; the bulk of the dark cdhir-
iug extends a little beyond the small crossvein and is gently

>:;:H

I "'I

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

221

••M

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nuiiidod off, the curve formed by It strikin<r tlio anterior margin
iiuiirly at a riglit, the posterior margin ut an aeiite angle; the
jailer margin, liowever, is not quite reached, '\s a narrow hyaline
space remains between it and the dark coioriug; this curve would
have been a perfect one, were it not for a small projection before
tilt; posterior crossvein and for a small excision inimcdiately
Ijcyond it;- near the anterior margin, the dark-brown coloi'ing,
inimcdiately before its end, is interrupted by a triangular hyaline
indentation, the tip of which reaches the third longitudinal vein
immediately before the small crossvein; the distal side is con-
cave, the proximal side is straight and perpendi(.'iilar to the
costa. The brown coloring has no distinct limit tijwards the
base of the wing ; it gradually dissolves into a system of irregu-
lar spots; the costal cell is hyaline, with the exception of a
brown infuscation along the costa between the humeral crossvein
and the auxiliary vein; likewise hyaline are the extreme basis
of the marginal cell and the entire second basal cell with the
exception of a very narrow brownish-black border along the
Veins inclosing it; the first basal cell at its root, as far as the
humeral crossvein, is also rather hyaline; beyond this, for an
almost equal distance, it is yellowish; the aiml cell is of a dirty
yellow, blackish-brown towards its end, which color also extends
over the basis of the third posterior cell ; alida, posterior angle
of the wing, and the portion of the third posterior cell lying along-
side of it, are hyaline ; moreover, in the third posterior cell, quite
near its basis, at the place where it is contiguous to the second
basal cell, there is an elliptical hyaline drop; in the first basal
cell, below the beginning of the third longitudiiml vein, there is
a longitudinal spot of a dirty ferruginous color; a somewhat
larger spot of the same coloring is in the ninrginal cell, below the
place, where the auxiliary vein diverges from the first longitu-
diiuil. The h3'aline apical portion of the wing shows a narrow
cr(»ssl)and, covering the posterior crossvein, almost perpendicular,
very gently curved, of V brownish-black color; its anterior end
turns towards the costa in the shape of a bow and follows it
afterwards as a narrow border, as far as the tip of the fourth
longitudimd vein.
JJab. Mexico (collection of Mr. v. Iloeder).

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222

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

8. T. suspensa Lw. % . (Tab. X, f. 6.)— Tota lutea, alarum rivnlis
fuscauis, cellule basal! secundi «it uellulae diacuidalia basi uuu h>aUiiL<,
apice vunn loogitudiualis quartse rucurvo.

i^ltogether olajr-yellow, rivulets of the wings infuscated; second bnsat cell
and root of dix'jal cell not hyaline, the tip of the fourth lonfitudiual vein
curved forward. Lung. uorp. 0.21 ; long. al. 0.22 — 0.23.

SvN. Trypeta suspensa LoEW, Monogr., etc., I, t>9. Tab. II, f. 5.

The present species begins a group of very closely allied
species, very mach resembling one another. I have notliiiij^
to add to uiy above-quoted description of T. sui<pensa ; 1 will
only notice that the absence of pale yellow stripes on the
thorax and of a pale yellow coloring of the scutellum cannot lw
considered as absolutely distinctive of this species, as these marks
often disappear in other species in the process of drying. The
readiest distinctive mark between T. «M.spensa and the very simi-
lar, but larger T. fraterculua is, that in the former, the second
basal cell and the root of the discal cell have a yellowish color,
while in the latter they are hyaline. I regret to have to notice
here, that the engraver, in figuring T. sui<pcnxa, has committed
an error in drawing the curvature of the tip of the fourth vein ; tliis
curvature is exactly similar to that in T. fraterculus, that is, run-
ning forward ; and although this curved tip in T. suapensa is a little
shorter, the difference is not at all such as the figure would lead
one to suppose. The second basal cell and the basis of the dis-
cal cell should be somewhat paler in the figure, as they are not
brown, but only yellow.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

4. T. fraterculus Wied. % . (Tab. X, f. 6).— Lntea, tlioracis vittis
et scntello dilutins tinctis, nltimo abdominis segmento diiobns j)r!e(e-
dentibus simnl snmtis panlo breviore, alarum rivulis lutesceiitibii?,
cellnIA, basali seennd^ et cellul» discoidalis basi hyalinis, apice Tens
longitudinalis quarts recurve.

Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of thorax and scutellum palpr yellnw ;
last abdominal segment a little shorter than the two previous ones taken
together; wings with rather clay-yellow rivulets; first basal cfll ami
root of the discal cell hyaline ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein
curved forward. Long. corp. 0.26; long. al. 0.27.

Stn. Dacus fratercnlns Wiedkmann, Auss. Zw. II, p. 524.
Trypeta unieolor L* EW, Monogr., ate, I, p. 70. Tab. II, f. 6.

i-

DESCRIPTION OF THE Sl'ECIES.

223

To my former description of this species, I have to add two
observations. First, it coiituins a misprint, as the third line
should read "bristle very thin," and not "bristle very short."
Secondly, the examination of well-preserved specimens rendi;rs it
doubtless, that the dark spots on the thoracic dorsum, mentioned
in the description, were produced by the immersion of the speci-
iiieiis in spirits, and that the better preserved tspeeiuiens do not
show them.

When I described T. unicolor, I took it for distinct from
DacHi^ fraterculuii Wied., as Wiedemann descril)e3 the bristles
and hairs on iiead and thorax as black, and says that the large
triangular hyaline spot at the end of the posterior margin is con-
nected with the S-shaped hyaline band. The comparison of
Wiedemann's original specimen, however, showed that my T.
unicolor is nothing else but Dacus fraterculus Wied. By the
terms hairs and hrislles AViedemann understood only the stronger
and weaker bristles ; the remaining short pile on the head and
tiie thorax of his specimen is entirely similar to the yellowish
pubescence of T. unicolor. The connection between the posterior
hyaline spot with the S-shaped hyaline band, which he mentions,
is oidy an apparent one, as t^ie rivulet separating both is not
interrupted at the tip of the triangular hyaline spot, but only very
much laded.

llab. Brazil, Peru, New Granada, Cuba.

Observation. — The Tephritis obliqua Macq. Dipt. Exot. II, 3,
p. 225, Tab. XXX, f. 11, undoubtedly belongs in the relation-
ship of the two preceding species; it differs, however, in the pic-
ture of the wings too much to be identified with any of them.

5. T. llldens n. sp. %. (Tab. XI, f. 10.)— Lntea, thoracis vittis et
scutello Iffitius flavis, ultimo al)(lominis sepiiiciito duolnis praecedt'iitilms
fiimul sumtis niulto longiore, alarum rivnlis lutesceiitibuM, cellrla l)asali
secuiKii et cellulae discoidalis basi Lyalinis, apice veiiee longitudalis
qua'tae recurvo.

Clay-yt'llow, longitudinal stripes of thorax and scutelUira of a purer yel-
low; the last abdominal secment ninoli longer than th(! two precuMliiig
ones taken together; wings with rather clay-yellow rivulets, the second
basal cell and the root of the anal cell hyaline; the end of the fourth
longitudinal vein curved forward. Long. corp. 0.30; long. al. 0.31 — ■
0.32.

Pale clay-yellow. Front of a somewhat more bright yellow,

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NORTH AMEIIK'AX TIlYrETTNA.

of a very moderate broiuUli ; tlio usual frontal bristles black, only
tbe upper oiioa ratlier loii«^ nrul strong. The yellow antennie
almost as long as the face; arista long and slender, with a very
short and delicate pubescence. Oral opening rather large; oral
edge rather sharp. Proboscis and palpi yellow, the latter ratlier
l)r(iad; the suctorial flaps somewhat jtfulonged. The upper side
of the thorax of a light, bright clay-yellow; a' sulphur-yeiluw
middle stripe, gradually vanishing anteriorly, expn..iding poste-
riorly in a cuneiform shape, and nowhere well defined; scutelliuu
sulphur-yellow; ou "ach side, above the root of the wings, a
well-marked pale-yellow longitudinal stripe, which runs from the
transverse suture to the ))osterior margin of the thorax ; quite
on the lateral margin an indi.^tinct, but broader pale yellow stripe;
the humeral corner and a weli-delined strijte on the upper part of
the plcune, reaching to the root of the wings, likewise of a bright
pall! yellow. The very short ])ile on the thorax is yellowish ; the
usual bristles are black or blackish-brown. Scutellum with four
black bristles. Metathorax chiy-yellow. Abdomen with short
yellowish pile and with black iiristles on its posterior end ; the
last segment very much prolonged, much longer than the two
preceding ones taken together (this character serves easily to
distinguish this species from 2\ fratercuha^, which is very nmch
like it). Feet yellow ; under side of the front femora with several
blackish-brown I)ristle3. Wings not very broad in comparison Xd
their considerable length ; the rivulets upon them are pule
brownish-yellow with narrow, but little conspicuous, and not
always i>erceptible brown borders ; near the posterior margin and
tm the apex of the wing they are altogether brownish ; the hyaline
spaces between the rivulets are as follows : 1. An obliipic band,
interrupted upon the third longitudinal vein, the anterior part of
which forms, immediately beyond the stigma, a spot extending
from the costa to the third longitudinal vein, while the ])osterinr
]iart of the band occupies the portion of the basal cell which lies
under the stigma, the basis of the discal cell and the second basal
cell ; 2. A broad S-sliaped band which begins at the posterior
nuirgin, between the tips of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins,
]iasses between the two crossveins, reaches the second longitudinal
vein, turns backwards and reaches the margin in the vicinity of
the end of the fourth longitudinal vein ; 3. A large triangular
spot near the posterior margin, which fills a considerable part of

]^*

'i '>:

DESCIIII'TION OF THE SPECIES.

225

the second posterior cell, rcat'lit's witli its tip coiisidcraMy Itt-yoiul
the fourth luiigitudlmil vein, and almost coiilesees hero witli the
S-sliaped hyaline hand. TIk; external costal cell also is hyaline,
with the exee{)tion of its basis, hut has a more yellowish tinu^e
that! the other hyaline spaees. Stigma rather long, almost imper-
ceptibly darker than its surroundings. Crossveins straight and
steep; the third longitudinal vein distinctly i)ristly; the end of
the fourth h^ngitudinal vein turned forward; the posterior end
of the anal cell drawn out in a very narrow, long lobe.

Ildb. Mexi(;o (coll. Winthem).

Observation. — The comparison of the description of Trypcta
fralirridus and T. linhniH shows the great resemljlance of the
two species and an entirely satisfactory distinctive character in
the dilfcrent length of the last al)doniinal segment. The females
uf these sjiocics, which unfortunately I have not seen, will ])\'()-
hahly ])e easy to distinguish, if attention is paid to the size, which
is larger in T. ludciis, to the somewhat I)roader cheeks, the
longer last abdominal segment of this species, and to the course
of the third and fourth longitudimil veins, which snddeidy diverge
here, while their divergency in T. frntcrciiliiti is nuieh more
gradual. In using the coloring for distinguishing the two species,
a certain cantiou is necessary here, as well as iu the other species
of this group.

6, T. tricincta n. fp. % . — I-ntea, pcntelli basi trilmsqne alxlominis
fasciis iiigris, alarum rivulia uigro-fusuid, apiue veiiie loiigiluiliiialis
quartje recurvo.

Clay-yellow; liasis of tlie snitpllnm ami three crossbam'.s of the alxtomen
black; tlie end of the t'durth longitudinal veiu somewhat curved for-
ward. Long, corp 0.2G; long. al. 0.2i! — 0.27.

Clay-ycUow, more yellowish-red on the thoracic dorsum.
Head of the same color and shajie as in the three preceding
species. In the middle of the thoracic dorsum there is a longi-
tudinal sulphur-yellow stripe, ])rocei'ding from the posterior mar-
gin ; it is rather broad posteriorly, gradually becomes narrower
anteriorly, and finally disappears near the anterior margin ; more-
over each posterior corner emits a conspicuous sulphur-yellow
stripe to the transverse suture; the humeral callosity and a broad
longitudinal strii)e reaching from it to the root of the wing and
then passing under the latter to the posterior part of the thorax,
15

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226

NOIITII AMtlllCAN TKYPETINA.

are, likewise, sulpliur-yellow. The vcM-y short pile on the thoracic
dorsum is pale yelhnvish, towards tho posterior corners only it
assumes a blackish tinge or at least a blackish appearance. 'I'lio
black macrochuL'ta} of the thoracic dorsum are similar, in nnmlier
and position, to those of the three preceding species. Scutclhiin
sulphur-yellow, with four macrochretie on the margin. Meiu-
thorax brownish-black, with a clay -yellow longitudinal stri|i(' in
the middle of its superior margin. Aljdonien on the 2d, ;>(!, iind
4th segments with a transverse band near the anterior marjiin ;
that of the second segment is entire and occupies only one-liait'
of its length; those of the third and fourth segments are narrowly
interrupted in the middle and cover a little more than the ante-
rior half of the segment; the fourth segment is hardly longer than
the preceding two, taken together, llypopygium clay-yelldw.
The pile on the abdomen is blackish, and yellowish only on tlio.
upper side of the first and on the pale-colored portions of the
upper side of the second segment; in a reflected light, the ])ile on
the whole abdomen assumes a paler hue ; the rather weak bristles
at the end of the last segment are black. Feet clay-yellowisli ;
the pile and bristles are similar to those in the three preceding
species. Wings hyaline, with a rather dark-brown picture ; it is
not quite as brownish-black as that of 2\ serpentma Wicd. figured
on Tab. XI, f. 25, but it is more like it than any other species tu
me known. In order to form an idea of tho picture of the wings
of T. tricincta, let us represent to ourselves that tho whole ciiler
costal cell in that figure is rather hyaline, that the regions figured
in gray are yellow and those represented as black are dark brown ;
that the S-shaped rivulet, beginning at the basis of the tiiird
posterior cell, running towards the anterior margin, and ending
at the apex of the wing, is, upon its latter half, at least one-
half broader than represented ; that the band beginning at the
posterior margin and covering the posterior crossvein is also
broader than represented in the figure, and this in such a man-
ner, that its side, looking towards the root of the wing, is a little
less concave ; finally, add to this picture a little streak of a satu-
rate brown, beginning at the posterior margin and reaching some-
what beyond the fourth longitudinal vein (at the very place where
Tab. XI, fig. 22, shows a similar streak, reaching only as fur as
ihe fourth longitudinal vein).

'KJ^'\

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

2:27

Flab. Ilayti (caught on shipboard, by Mr. P. R. Uhler, sixty
nilk'S northwest of )St. Nicholas, Ilayti).

Observation 1. — The Trypda drscribcd by Wiedemann as
Vacuii serjn'nlinuH, differs from T. tricinvta not only in tiie
jiicturc of the wings, l)ut also in the coloring. Wifdernanii's
original sjiecinien, compared by nie, comes from Urazil ; but I
have received a numlicr of .specimens of the same species from
I'eru. The Urophora n'tlilfiorax Macq. Dipt. Kxot. Suppl. IV,
p. 2Sf), Tab. XXVI, f II, is identical with T. serpenlhia Wied.
The habitat "de I'lnde," given by Mac<piart, is certainly errone-
ous, if it means the East Indies ; but the species may occur in
the West Indies, just as T. fraierculus occurs in I'eru, Brazil,
and Cuba.

Observation 2. — T. suspensa hw.f/ratrrculus Wied., ludens
n. sp., and tricincta n. sp., and a considerable number of other
American species, among which T. serpentina Wied. and i>bli<jua
Macq., have already been mentioned above, form a well-dclincd
group, which well deserves to be considered as a separate genus.
The character which distinguishes it from all other Trj/petina, is
the course of the fourth longitudinal vein, which, towards its end,
is curved forwards in a rather striking manner, and reaches
the margin at a very acute angle, being prolongei beyond as
the costal vein. With reference to this character I propose to
call it Aerotoxa. The species of this group have, moreover, the
following characters ir, common : In the structure of the head and
of all its parts they resemble the species of Hexachseta ; the
thorax has a similar structure, but it is a little smaller in bulk, as
compared to the rest of the body, and a little narrower between
the roots of the wings; the macrochfetaj of the thoracic dorsum
agree with those of HcxivuCcIa both in their number and position.
The scutellum is smaller than in the latter genus and not quite
as flat, and bears not six, but four macrocha'tifi. Front femora
on the upper side with shorter, on the under side with longer
bristles and the front tibite without bristles, as in the species of
Herachaeta. Middle femora without ))ristles ; only the basis of
the under side is sometimes provided with one or several bristle-
like hairs; the two rows of bristles which, in /fexarhfrfn, are
found on the under side of the middle femora, are replaced here
by two rows of hairs. Middle tibisE without bristles. Hind
femora towards the end of their upper side, more or less densely

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NUUTII AMEUICAN TKVI'KTINA.

Lrisfly, on the under side with BoiiK-what hjiifrf-r i)ile and
iiiun'tjvcr from llio basis tu u little hi-youd tlic iiiiddlf, \vii!i a
rather sj)urse row of long, ahim.st brLslle like hairs; liiiid lilijaj
ciliated with rather weak bristleta. Tejjfulto aluiost as miicli
developed as in lle.rachala. Wings large, and, eoniparalively to
their length, less broad than in IkxavJiuta ; the venation, with
the exce|ttion of the dilference in the course of the fourth vein,
already adverted to, is very like that of Jlcjai/mla, only all the
cells, and esi)ecially the stigma, are longer in coniparisuii to their
hreadth ; the jjosterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in an
ecjually long and pointed lobe ; the whole of the first longitudinal
vein and the third some distance beyond the small crossvein,
are bristly. The very characteristic picture of the wings in
Acrotoxa is sulFicieiitly rendered by the figures 5 and 6 of Tiil).
X, and 19-27 of Tab. XI. The portions of this picture wliicli
could not well be called bands {fasc'a), or stripes {nltn), I
have called rivulels (following in this Meigen's example, ulio
called them rivuli in latin, and Jliivhe in german). The same
term may be applied to the species of Acidia. The species (if
Acrotoxa are often very much alike, and very dillieult to dis-
tinguish in the male sex ; the females are fretiuently easier to
distinguish on account of the very dillerent length of the oviposi-
tor in dilferent species.

Observation 3. — In view of the difficulty of this group and of
the probable occurrence of species belonging to it in some por-
tions of the North American continent and of the "West Indies
(besides Trypeta frnterciilus Wicd., already reA^rred to), I
deem it useful to enter into a more detailed examination of them.
Most of the numerous Acrotoxse occurring in the Europmin
museums come from Brazil, and pass rather indiscriminately for
the Dacus jiaraUelus Wied. I will give a description of this
species, based upon the original specimens in the Wiedemaiiii-
Winthcm and the Scckenberg collections, and of some of the
species more closely allied to it, confining myself to those species
only which are known in both sexes. Special mentions of color-
ing and picture will be omitted, as the former is clay-yellow in
all the species, and the latter very probably is pretty much like
that of T. ludenn, as given above, at least in living specimens ;
in drying it becomes somewhat indistinct, and alTords no trust-
worthy marks for discrimination.

f (

DESCRIITIDN OF THE SI'ECIES.

25iO

a. T. parallcia WiED. % <$. (Tab. XI, f. no.)

Long. Corp. 0.37, long, tercbrae 0.20— (i.21 ; long. al. 0.40.

Arista with a short pubescence, which is longt'r, liowevHr, than in thn fol-
lowing 8|)ttcie8. The pile on the btxiy in gencriil in soiut-what I<mi;;i'i tiiiiii
in those species, which is especially |iHrceptil)le on the ahilonien of both
eexes and on the ovipositor. Ovipositor slender, not (juite as loni; a-i tin*
thorax and the rounded abdonit-n of the female taken together. Wlnurf
comparatively broad and wry blunt and rounded at the tip; their vena-
tinn differs from tiie allied species in the distinct undulation of the second
vein and the peculiar bend, which the last section of the third vein shows
in the vicinity of the small crossvein ; two characters of which there is an
iuili<!ation in 7'. cousohriua only. Picture of the wind's brownish-yellow,
in some places brown, more intense than in the following species ; the
uninterrupted and even course of the ttrst hyaline space from the basis of
the second basal cell to the costa is especially characteristic. The picture
of the wings varies sometimes in the fact that both the iS-shaped and the
V-bhaped rivulet each emit, exactly upon the third longitudinal vein, a
little pointed projection, almost forming a narrow bridge between them ;
sometimes the jHirtion of the V-shaped rivulet, cut off by the fourth vein,
is filled by a brownish-yellow coloring; I have observed this variety much
more often in female thau lu male specimeua.

Ilab, Brazil.

b. T. hamata n. sp. % ^. (Tab. XI, f. 22.)

Long. corp. 0.39, long, terebrae 0.2« ; long. al. 0.41—0.42.

Abdomen short. The ovipositor slender, proportionally somewliat
longer than iu T. pmallela. Wings comparatively narrower and less
rounded towards the end; second longitudinal vein without any trace of
an undulated course an the third longitudinal vein beyond the small
crossvein without the curvatur so characteristic in 7\ ^xiralleln. Picture
of the wings paler and more yellow than in the latter species ; the branch
of the V-shaped rivulet which is more distant from the tip of the wing is
prolonged in fiont beyond the third vein, without diminution of its breadth,
80 that it coalesces with the S-shaped rivulet tietween the third and the
second vein ; the branch of the V-shaped rivulet which is nearer the apex
of the wing is either altogether wanting, or its pale yellowish ti{» only is
visible near the posterior margin, as it is represented on Tab. XI, f. 22.
The hyaline band running from the basis of the second basal cell towards
the costa forms (as it also does in T. ronnohrina and pftfudojuirdlleld), a
row of three contiguous spots. Besides the different picture of the wings,
T. Iiamala differs from T. connohriiia and still more from T. pscucl'ijuiru/lf la
in the shape of the wings, which are comparatively narrower and a little
less obtusely rounded at tiie tip. Moreover, the ovipositor of the feiiuile
is a little shorter and more slender towards the tip than in T. cousuhriua ;
but it is very much longer than that of T. iiseudoparalltla,

Uitb. Brazil.

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NOIITH AMKHICAN TllYI'ETINA.

C. T. iiitfgrn n. sp. % ^. (Tab. XI, f. 23.)

Long. corp. 0.41, luug. tttrttbraj 0.30—0.37; long. al. 0.42.

TliH abilomun of this Hpi'oies is longer and narrower tliun in tht> nther
upt'cies. The pioturo of the wings is paler ami yellower than that of
7'ri//ietti pnralUla, but otlierwise re.seuible8 it more tlian any otiier, as iii
Lot)), tliu flrut hyaline bund is not divitleil in three contiguous npots.
However, in the prexent Hpeuies thiii band becomes narrower towanls tlie
costa and tttops before reaching it, neither of wliicii is the case in 7'. pur-
ulleld. Moreover, its wings are niuili narrower and Uhh olitusely roumit^d
at tiie tip; likewise they Hhow no trace of the wavy course ot the second
longitudinal vein and of the curvature of the third, which is so w*-!!
niarkeil in 7'. parulhla. Tlie ovipositor itt remarkably long in eonipari.iou
to the Hize of the body, longer than in all the other species described here.
The design of the picture might give rise to the sup|)osition that 7'. iutnira
and 7'. oLlii/ua Macq. are identical. The much smaller si/e of T, ohliiiua
Macij. and the much bhortcr ovipositor, however, render this impctssible.
From 7'. consohrinu and jiseudopuralltlu this species is sutQcieutly distiu-
guished by the diffcreut shape of the first Lyaliue baud of the wings.

IJab. Brazil.

d. T. consobrina n. sp. % ^. (Tab. XI, f. >

Long. Corp. 0.31—0.32, long, terebrae 0.2ti- long. al. 0.38.

Abdomen short. The venation shows more analot,'y to that of T, par-
allt'la tlian to any other species mentioned here, as the third longitudinal
Vein is somewhat curved beyond the small cro.ssveiu ; the second longi-
tudiuitl likewise shows a vestige of a weak uuduiatiou (which is not
rendered in the figure). The outline of the wings likewise resembles that
of T. jmrallela especially in the obtuse rounding of the apex; but the
wings are narrower in comparison to their length. The picture of the
wings is considerably paler than iu T. paratleld, and resembles in outline
that of T. pseudoparalteln, so that the males of both species may easily be
taken for each other, unless attention is paid to the difference in the course
of the third vein. Tlie females of both are very easily distingnishe<l, as
the ovipositor of T. consobrina is considerably longer thau that of T.
psendoparnllela.

Hub. Brazil.

e. T. pseiidoparallela. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 24.)

Long. corp. 0.35, long, terebrse 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.38—0.39.

The wings resemble those of T. pnral/efa iu outline very much, differ,
ho^frever, in the fact that the second and third longitudinal veins do not
show the peculiar course which they have in T. piira/leln. The picture
of tlie wings is but little paler than in T. pnrnfle/n, but differs from it
considerably in the breaking up of the first hyaline baud iuto three con-

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SESCUII'TKjN of the SI'ECIES.

281

tittnnnfl spots. In flp»*iiking of 7' ctn-ohrirnf, I liavo nflvnited t<» tlin dlf-
furmice li«lWHe!i tlie uiuIhh of the two Hptcies, wliirli otliHfwiso an- ilinely
alikH. TliH fftiiiilH of tlii.i Hpei;iu8 cuiiiiot family liu iiii^tukoii fur that <(
T, con.-oliriita ur any utlicr uf the xp^ciud duricrilmii liure.

//.(//. Hrazil.

TliM great imiKJitance which thu com partitive InUKth of t\w ovipositor
liaH for (iHt«riai nation of tliei;lo:SHly reseiiiltliiiK speticti of tliupiu^Hiit fiioiip,
iiKiiii'fH me to givH liern tli« foljuwiiitr tli{urt»rt rHprfSfiitin^ tlin averiiuH of
SHVerai iiieuHureineiils. 'J'h« r»'luliou of the ieiigtli ot tin- ovijioMltor to
that of th« rest of th« body iii in psendn/iinullela 1 : -.•»; in juiriiUein
\ : l.h — 1.9; mhiumiia 1 : 1.5; in cnusubnua 1 : 1.2; in iulei/xi 1 : 1.1. Tli'-ir
rt'liition to tlie lfni;th of the winii in in jiaeiulofiarnllilti 1 : 2.H ; In jiurulUla
1:2.1; iu AuMii/u 1: 1.6 ; iu cuimuirina I : lA ; iu inteyru 1:1.2.

Trypeta Ocres^ia Walker (List, etc., IV, p. 101»'), from
Jttiuiiifa, is an Avrtiioja, closely tillicd to tlio species (1«'S( riltcd
by 1110. Wlietlier Trypeta Acidum Walker (il)i(l., j). 1014) from
Jamaica likewise lieloiiffs here is uncertain, as the aiillior does nut
state whether the end of tlu; third lonffitudinal vein is directed
forwards or backwards; moreover there is no statement whatever
concerning the shape of the scutclluin and the number of its
bristles. If this sjiecics is an Acroitjj-a, it cannot possil)ly be
identified with any of those described above, on account of the
dilTerences in the coloring. The Piime applies, in a greater
measure still, to Tryjjfta serpentina Wiedemann, already alluded
to above.

In order to bring together whatever I know concerning tlie
Trypetse belonging to the gnjiip Avrolo.ra, I give on 'I'id). XI, f.
20, a copy of the figure of the wing of Tryj'elo grondi.-i Macq.
(Dipt. E.\ot. Suppl., I, p. 212. Tab. Xvill, f. 14), In.ni New
Granada, and on Tab. XI, f. 27, that of the wiug (tf i'mphora.
biiittata Maeq. (Dipt. Exot., II. 3, ]^. 222. Tab. XXX, f. 7),
of unknown habitat. Both wings show an outline sointiwhat
different from the other Acrotoa-st, more oljliijue transverse vein.s,
a more narrow first posterior cell, a weaker forward turn of the
third vein, etc. I am inclined to l)elieve that these dilVerences
do not, for the most part, exist in reality, but are only due io the
usual inaccuracy in Macquart's figures; and for this renson I
believe that bo^h T. grandin Macq. and Urophitva bivittata Macq.
are Acrotoxse. Should my supposition prove correct, then it
becomes very probable that America is the habitat of the latter
species.

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NOIITII AMi;ilU'AN TUVIETINA.

^, T. Tllllierata n. up. % J. — I'usco-ninni, i:ifr;i fu^;c.i ; cipiil < x-
alliiduin, fioiilH I't facin Ofhraceo-vittatis, aiituiinis, |ial|iis(iim liUi's.-, n-
tiliiis; scutelluiii i<ulituiiiiiliiui, st'lis ijiiaUuir i)i'aMliluiii ; pcilcs liii.'i,
feiiKirilius taiiicii postHrioriWiiH fiisci>-iiii;iis ; al.-u latiu.stnilio, ci'liula
stif!in;>tioaIi brHvissiiiiM, (I'ladratil, ct'lliilil llla^^•inali latil d cflluhi pd,-
tcriort* prima advj^rsiis api.;Mii ant;iistat;i iiistnuttai, fasciis iiiLriis iiii, r
RH I'oha'i'entiliiis Hiiiiiliter atiiiiH A'inrm liirhiiidis h\, piola), coloro taiin'ii
nigi'u iidversus alarum l)a.siiu latiud ililfuso,

Blackish-browii, uiidtr siilo brown; head wliilish, front and fact* willi an
ocliro-yellow longitmliiial slripo, antfnna> and palpi moio t^lav-vrllow-
i.<h ; Hi'utHlluni ralhnr tnmid, with four hiistU-s; feet cla\ -_vi*lli>u isli,
tht^ posterior fciiuwa, however, bi(iwni>h-hla(!k ; wi'.iiiM r.ithi-r luo'il,
witlj a sliort, sipi.-ue sfiuiuntical cell, a broad marginal cell and a rii>t
posterioi- Cell, wiiii'ii is alteiiuated ai the posterior tMid ; tiie lila.l^, inn.
nected crosshaiids almost reseml)lM those of Ariitni li/rlinidis l"al>,, imt
tliH biaoii oolorini; is more cxtendeil towards the basis. Long, foip., Jj ,
0.18, J, cum terebrii Orli; h)ng. al. 0.18.

Coliirino: of a riillicr sliiiiiiijj browiiisli-Mack ; llio liiiiiicral
rojrion aiul tiu; (iiuli'i* siile of (linra.x Jiiid iiImIohumi brdwii. Head
\vliitisl>, front mid fiu-o with a conspiciions ochrc-yi'llow or iilimtst,
oraiifyr-yollow middle stripe. Aiitcmue clay-yrilow isli, dcscciiil-
ing liolow the middle of tlio jti'rpendicidar, very lit lie eoncavi',
face: the H -st two joints with short Mack pile; the third with an
n'linost sh'jip anterior corner; arista hrotviush-hlack with an
extremely short iiuhescenee; oral opeiiinif of ii niediiini .«ize ; the
hroad palpi do not extend beyond its anterior edji:e, which is
j.lio;htly drawn npwards. Cheeks of a vt>ry moderate hrcaihli; ar
the lower corner of the eye, tlwre is nn ochre-brownish spul and
a black Itristle. The nsual frontal bristles black and of a con-
siderable lenjrth; between the two black bristh'.s inserted npon
the little strii)es, eomiiitr down from the vertical marji'in, there is,
on each side, a short, white bristle; four similar bristles are
inserted upon the posterior vertical maririn; the erect pile of the
occiput and the cilia of the upper post( rior orbit of the eye are
white. Thoracic dorsum and pleursp with a very scattered, alnidst
stubble-shaped white pile and black bristles. Scutellnin viiy
convex, perceptibly swollen, with four lonj? bristles. Tiit> inter-
mediate abdominal scfrmeuts have a more or less distinct p;ih'
colorinpt on the posterior marjrin ; all sejrments, with tiie excep-
tion of the posterior one, have some scattered whitish ])ile towai'ds
the posterior margin aud blackish pile on the lateral niaririns; the

DKSI'RII'TION OF TIIK Sl'KCIKS. ii.'IJ

last pcfrtiient, towards its cml, has several black brisllrs. Ovi-
jKisitor llat, ralluT hmadly truiifato, hardly as iuiij^ as the last
lliri'i! alKldUiiiial scjfmoiits taken together, bluekish-lMdwii or
hlawk, with l>huk pile. Front I'eet, as well as the; entire I'ore-
co\M, elay-yellow ; on the posterior feet the first joint of the <'o\!e
and the femora are hrownish-ltlack, or dark l)rown, the .-erund
joint of the eoxa;, the tip of the femora, and tlii! entire tii>i;e and
tarsi aro clay-yellow; the under side of the front femora Ik ins a
row of hlaek bristles, whilo the under side of llu; posleii(>r femora
is without them. llalteres infusrated. Winers larjre, rather
hroad, with convex anterior and posterior niarjrins; veins, with
the exoeiititin of the first longitndimd, withont bristles; the lir^t
jonfritiidinal vein turns, not very far beyond the end of the
auxiliary vein, in a sharp, rectangular fracture, pcrpeiidieidarly
towards the inarji'in of the wing, which causes the siit:niiiiiciil
cell to nssuin(> a strikingly short and s(piare shape; the second
longitmlinal vein is rather distant from the anterior margin of
the wing and has a rather straight cotirsc, so that the; marginal
cell, although rather broad, is all«'nuated towards its cml; the
third longitudimil vein is turned backwards toward.s its end, ho
that the first ])ostt'rior cell is somewhat utteniMitid at thiM'iid;
the snniU erossvein is placed about the middle of the discal cell,
which becomes considerably broader towards its end ; the hist
section of the fourlh longitudinal vein has a wavy course; the;
posterior erossvein ia very stet and only very gently curved ;
the posterior angle of tlu! anal cell is drawn out in a pnint in the
ustnil way. The picture of the wings has somewhat the appt ar-
aiice of rivulets, and consists of conspicuous and rather weil-
di'liiied brownish-black crossbands, which come in contact alimist
in the saiue way as in the Muropean Aciilin, hjchnidis Fab. (com-
pare Loew, liohrjlirijci), Tal). JII, f •!) ; the picture of the pre-
sent sjieeies differs, however, in the more considerable extent <if
the l)lack coloring on tli<! basis of the wings; the bhick bamlH
leave two liyaline indentations on the anterior and three on the
posterior margin ; these hyaline spots have, in a 'crtiiin light, a
whitish redection. The first of these spots on Mie anterior mar-
gin is a rectangular triangle, tlu' hypnthcnase of which bcHins on
tli(> costa a little before the end of the first longitudinal viin ;ind
runs as far as the anterior end of the sma'.i erossvein ; the scroiid
hyaline spot, separated from the first by an almost jxTpc iidiiuhir

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

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tlark band, runs from the costa over the middle of the penultimate
section of tlic fourth voin, as fur as the middle breadth of the
discul cell. The first hyaline spot of the posterior marjrin begins
at the end of the last longitudinal vein and reaches as far as the
fourth vein; the second and third spots begin, as usuai in the
species with this kind of i)icture, at the posterior end of the
second posterior cell ; both are very jxjinted at their end, and
while the second spot reaches only to the fourth vein, the third
goes as far as the third vein. Besides these hyaliiit spots, tlure
is, at the basis, a small hyaline mark, connected with the whilish
teguhe; in the anal angle of the wing, near the margin, there is a
dilnted dot. The last of the dark bands is separated from IIk;
costa, as far as the third vein, by a narrow, hyaline border ; the
small crossvein has a similar, very narrow, hyaline border. A
peculiar mark of this species is, that the spot at which the second
and third longitudinal veins diverge, forms a knot-shaped, blood-
red swelling, like a drop of coagulated blood; the first longitu-
dinal vein, near its basis, likewise shows a more or less distiuct
blood-red coloring.

JIab. jSIassachusetts (]Mr. Sanborn).

Oliserralion. — Tri/jicla vuluerala cannot be well located in
any of the genera hitherto formed out of the old genus Tnjpela.
The great resemblance of the i)icture of its wings to that of
Acidin bjchnidis Fab. (= discoidea Mcig. ), naturally suggests
its location in the same genus. A closer examiiuition, iKJwevor,
l)rovcs that, although its relationshii) to the species of that fi-nus
is rather close, it differs very much in the structure of the head,
the very much more swollen scutellum, the structure of the ovi-
positor, some details in the venation, and the aliiost stubble-
shaped i)ile. Thus we are compelled to establish a sep vrate genus,
Ulcnvpa, for it, which finds its place next to Avidia.

8. T. frntria Lw. 9. (Tali. X, f. 4.)— Lut.-a, corpore brevi et lati-
iis(tiilo, .Kciitfllo setas quatnor a;«reiitH ; alje rivulis liiteo-fu.><caiiis, iiiacu-
lani ovataiii liyalinam in apicali ct^llulse discoidalis parte sitaui iuolu-
dentilms. apiee venae longitmiinalis quarta* non recurvo.

Clay-yellow, stature sliort and pomewhat broad, with four liristles on tlie
Hcntellnm ; winps with yellowisli-lirown rivulets, wliich inc^lose an oval,
hyaline spot before the end of the discal cell ; the end of the t'onrth
l(nicitudiiial vein is not curved forwards. Long. corp. 0.22; long. al.
0.22.

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DESCP'J'TION OF THE SPECIES. 2o5

Syn. Trypcfa/ratria Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. ()7. Tab. II, f. 4.
^Trypeta lioijaster Tuumhu.n, Kug. liesa, p. 578, No. 251.

ffab. United States (Osteii-Sackeii).

Observation. — I have notljing to add to the description of this
species as given in tlie fir.st jjart of tiiese Monographs. Its closo
relationship to tlie European 2'. hcraclei Lin. is a sullicieiit
proof that this species is a true, typical Avidia. I believe that
T. liogader Thorns, is this same species, although he describes
the ovipositor as darker than i find it in my specimen.

9. T. SliaTis liW. %. (Tab. X, f. 10.) — Dilute lutea, corpore brevi,
latiuriculo, scutello setis quatuor iiistructo; alse livulis latissiiui.s fuscis,
in formaiu literae S couduentibus, piutse, apiuu Tuuse longitudinalid
quartae uou recurvo.

Pale clay-yellowish, stature short ami rather broad, scutellum with four
bristles; wings with very broad browu rivulets, which coalf.sce in the
shape of the letter S; the tip of the fourth vein is not curved forwards.
Long. corp. 0.20 ; long. al. U.21.

SvN. Trypeta suavis LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 75. Tab. II, f.'lO.

IJab. Middle States (Osten-Sackcn).

1 possess only one very badly ))reserved specimen, which I
described in the Monographs, etc.. Part I The species is easily
distinguished on account of the peculiar picture of its wings. Of
all the genera hitherto established in the family Trij]>etidse, the
present species undoubtedly belongs to Aciuia; and, as far as
the imperfect preservation of my specimen allows an opinion, it
agrees with the Acidise in all the important characters, excei)t
one : while all the European Acidise have the third longitudinal
veil! more or less bristly, I perceive no bristles, whatever, in
T. suavis, and have no reason to suppose that they have Iteen
rubbed off. Such an agreement of characters decides me to place
T. suavis in the genus Acidia; at the same time, however, the
bristles of the third longitudinal vein cannot any longer be con-
sidered as characteristic of the genus Acidia.

10. T. canadensis n. sp. 9. — Dilute lutescena, sefi;m«*ntis abdomi-
nalilius tertio et quarto fusco-fasciatis, corpore brevi, latins nlo, ttrel'iA
iiiediocri, lnt& et late truncate ; alarum rivuli angasti, fusci, apex vensa
louj^itudina'is quartas non recurvus.

Pale clay-; ellowish, with a brown crossband on the third and fourth
abdominal segments, stature short and somewhat broad ; ovipositor of

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236

NORTH AMERICAN TUYPETINA.

medium length, broad and broadly tnincatH; winps with narrow pale
brownisli rivulets and with a fourtli longitudinal vein wiiioli is nut
ourveil forwards at the tip. Loug. corp. 0.18, cum terubru 0.23; luug,
al. 0.20.

Pale clay -yellowish. The head resembles that of T. frntria in ■
shape, only the front is somewhat broader and the vertical diiiiiie-
ter <.if the eyes is a little smaller; the anterior edjre of the nunitli
is more projeeting. On the border of the front the descrihcri
specimen bears, on each side, three long, but rather weak black
bristles. AntenniB of a more saturate yellow, not reaching the
edge of the mouth; their third joint is rounded at the tip; aristn
blackish, yellow towards the basis, with a very short pul)(!scc:ice.
Rostrum and palpi pale yellow, the latter not reaching bcvdnd
the anterior edge of the oral opening. Thoracic dorsum witli
a very thin, whitish bloom, only the double middle stripe iind
the narrow lateral stripes not pollinose, rather shining and
somewhat darker than their surroundings. The posterior end
of the thoracic dorsum and the scutellum likewise without pol-
len, shining, very pale yellow; a not very broad yellowish stripe
runs from the humeral corner to the root of the wings. The
scutelluin is convex and not very large; in my speciincn it has
three bristles on one side and only two on the other, .so that I
cannot say whether the normal number of the bristles of the
scutellum is six or four. The bristles of the thorax and of the
Kcutellum, as well as the short pile of the thoracic doisnni, are
black. Metathorax distinctly inl'uscated on its superior inargiu
audits middle line. Abdomen shining, with short black pile;
the third and fourth segments have, each at its basis, a chestinit
crossl)and, interrupted upon its middle, while upon the scciukI
segment only a lateral beginning of such a stripe is indicntcMl hy
a chestnut-brown spot. The very broad ovipositor is flat, almost
as long as the last three abdominal segments taken together, very
broadly truncate and infuscated at the end. The front femora
are s])arsely beset with bristles upon the upper and under side;
the middle femora are entirely without bristles; upon the hind
femora, likewise, there are only a few bristle-like hairs iiefore the
end of the upper side ; the upper side of the hind tiliias is merely
beset with excee<lingly short bristle-like hairs. "Wings of the
usual shape, hyaline, with a pale-brown picture; it e<insi>t-< : 1.
In an oblique half crossband running from the humeral crossveia

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

237

to the basis of the second basal cell ; 2. Of a crossbaiid ])arallel
to the first, abbreviated behind, which begins at tlie tstigiiia, near
the anterior margin, and runs across the basis oi' tiie sul)niargiiial
cell, as well as across the crossveins, which close the second and
tiiird basal cells, and thus reaches the sixth longitudinal vein; 3.
Of a rivulet which begins above the posterior crossvein, near the
third longitudinal vein, runs from it across tlie posterior cross-
vein as far as the posterior margin, is continued along this mar-
gin inside of the third posterior cell, but, before reaching the sixth
longitudinal vein, is suddenly turned upwards, running jtaraliel
to the band which begins at the stigma, crossing the sniall cross-
vein, and thus reaching the anterior margin, where, gradually
expanding, it forms a border ending a little beyond the tip of the
fourth crossvein. The two crossbands, as well as the rivulet, are
of moderate breadth only; the latter has, in the described speci-
men, the following faded spots, which, in more fully colored spe-
cimens, are probably less apj)arent or altogether absent: 1. A
rounded spot in the marginal ceil, above the origin of the rivulet;
2. Upon the longitudinal axis of the submarginal cell an indenta-
tion in the inner margin of the section bordering the ajtex of the
wing; 3. Upon the longitudinal axis of the first posterior cell
an interruption of the rivulet at its origin and an indentation in
the inner margin of the portion l)orderiiig the apex of the wing;

4. Upon the longitudinal axis of the discal cell a narrow interrup-
tion of the section, running again towards the anterior margin ;

5. The spot upon the posterior margin connects the first, descend-
ing, portion, with the second, which rises again upwards. The
first and third longitudinal vei.. are bristly; the third and fourth
are parallel towards their end, both very gently curved back-
wards; the section of the fourth vein preceding the discal cell is
gently, but rather distinctly arcuated backwards, so that the shape
of the discal cell somewhat reminds of that of the species of
Rivellia; the crossveins are comparatively rather long, moderately
approximated, their distance being about equal to the length of
the posterior crossvein; the latter is rather steep, however, per-
ceptibly approximated to the apex with its anterior end, more
tlinn with the posterior; the posterior corner of the a»in,l cell is
very much drawn out in a point.

Hnh. Canada (Mr. Provancher). [Xorwny, Maine; S. J. Smith
— seems to be a common species in those regions. 0. S.]

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238

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

f:B'n^

Obftervadon. — Trypela canadensis resembles tlie species of
AcicUa in its general habitus and, at first siglit, seems to difl'or
only in the somewhat niodilied picture of the wings, which seems
to hold tho middle between the rivulet and the crossband. A
closer examination shows, that in the structure of the head and
of its parts, as also in the bristles upon the feet, this species is
closely allied to Acidia, but that it also shows characters not
belonging to that genus ; such is the structure of the ovipositor,
which is longer, quite flattened, and broadly truncate at the end;
also the very peculiar course of the section of the fourth longitu-
dinal vein preceding the small crossvein. If the scutelluni is
provided with six bristles in normal specimens, we would have
another important distinctive character from Acidia. Thus the
admission of T. canadensi' ' the genus Acidia would render the
limitation of this genus too indefinite, and it becomes necessary
to establish a new genus for it, which would be characterized by
a modified type of the picture, a peculiar course of the fourth
vein, and a ditlVrent structure of the ovipositor. I will call this
genus Epochro,.

11. T. loiigipennis Wied. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 2 ^ , 3 J.)— Lntea.
capite tuiiiido, corpore elongato et angusto ; alae longse et angustx,
maris adhuc longiores et angustiores quam feminse, rivulis luteo-f;i:icai)i9
pictsB.

Clay-yellow; bead tumid ; body long and narrow; wingg long and nar-
row, tliose of the male still longer and more narrow than in the female,
pictured with yellowish-brown rivulets. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.2G; long.
al. 0.22—0.30.

Stn. Trypeta longipennis Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl., II, 483, 12 (^ 9 )•
Strauzia armata R. Desvoidy, Myod. 719, 2 (^ ).
Strainin inennis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 718, 1(9).
Tephritia trimaculata Macqdart, Dipt. Exot., II, 3, p. 226, 8. Tab.

XXXI, f. 3.
Trypeta cornigera Walker, List Brit. Mas., IV, p. 1010.
Triipeta cornifera Walker, List Brit. Mas., IV, p. 1011.
Trypeta longipennis Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 65.

It cannot be doubted that Trypeta longipennis Wied., either
is a very variable species, or that North America possesses a
number of closely allied species, resembling it very much, and
which, as long as they are represented only by single, often
imperfectly preserved specimens, it is as difficult to distingiii>h

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

239

I V

and to describe as, for instance, the majority of tlic European
Urophorfs. It is only I)y observations upon tlic insect in life,
that the question will probably have to be solved, whether we
have hero diCFerent species or only varieties. In writing the first
part of these Monofrraphs I surmised that I had specimens of a
single, but very variable species before me. In the mi-an time
my materials have increased consideraltly, and specimens have
been added to it, which diller so materially from tli<! t\pical T.
hmfjipeniiisi, that my former conviction has l)een shaken, without,
however, liaviri::^ been superseded by the opposite one. I prefer
therefore to continue to treat these dilferent forms as varieties
of the same species, but, at the same time, to define these
varieties with more precision than has been done in the first part
of the ^lonograplis. In order to avoid useless repetitions, 1 will
aotice in advance that in all the varieties the anterior end of the
middle slri[)c is colorod black, and that in all of them, immedi-
ately above the root of the winsr, there is a small, deep-bhiek dot,
which is not visible when the winns arc folded.

1. Varidas pcrfecta, % 9. — Of the four lateral bristles of the
front, the two upper ones, in the male, are very much incrassatetl
and truncated at the end. Thorax without black lateral stripes.
Scutellum unicolorous ; metathorax without black picture. I'ieture
of the wings not vc"_,' deep ia its coloring, complete in both sexes;
the male as Tab. X, f. 2.

Of this variety I have compared rather numerous specimens.
Among those of my collection there is a male and two females,
caught at the same time.

2. Varidas typica % 9 . — Of the four lateral bristles (»n the
front the two .pper ones are very much incrassated in the male
and trur.cate a the end. Thorax without black lateral stripes;
scu ellum upor each lateral corner with a well-dcjfined black spot.
^^etath(.^ax without any black coloring. The [)icture of the
wings is of a rather dark shade, especially towards the tip; com-
plete in the female, incomplete in the male, almost like Tal). X, f.
2, except that the rivulet covering the posterior crossvein does
not reach the margin of the wing, I)ut gradually becomes more
attenuated and pointed and never roaches beyond the posterior
end of the posterior crossvein ; the l)ranch of this rivulet which
runs along the last section of the fourth vein is likewi o very
Diirrow and always disappears at a considerable distance from

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NOUTII AMERICAN TUYPETINA.

lli(! ninrfrin of tlio wiiij^; the hyaline iiit(irval bi'twecn it and tlio
hniMcli bordoring tlie anterior luarf^in af the winjr is, in tiie nialt',
comparatively longer and conspicuously narrower than in var.
per/ccin; the female shows th:3 same dillerence, but very feehly.

Wifdemann'ri description is based upon specimens of ilijs
variety, which is a very common one. Tiie other synonyms,
(piotcd aljove, likewise belong here, with the only exception of
2't'i/pt'ta roruigei'u WiiWivr. I ])os,sess of this variety four |)it-
fectly well-preserved .'«pecimens (a male and three females), caiiirlit
at the same time by Mr. Auxer in Lancaster City, Penn. ; the
three fenudc^ have, at the posterior end of the two posterior
abdominal segments, longer, stronger, and somewhat more aliiiii-
dant jiile than the females of other varieties.

3. Varidas lungitudinnlis % ?. — Of the four lateral bristles
of the front the two uppermost, in the male, are very nnich
incrassated and truncated at the end. Thorax without any l)liu'l;
lateral stripes; scutellum on each lateral corner with a black
ppot; luetathorax without black picture. The wings of the male
comparatively narrower than in all the other varieties; their
picture coalesces into a single broad longitudinal stripe, wliieji,
from the root of the wing as far as nearly the end of the poste-
rior basal cells, has a dirty clay-yellowish coloring; lieyond this
point, it changes into dark-brownish. The interval Itetween the
second and fourth longitudinal veins is completely iilled i)y this
stripe, with the only exception of a small hyaline spot at the end
of the fourth longitudinal vein ; moreover, the stripe eneroaelics
a little beyond the second and fourth veins in the sliape of litlle
wavy expansions. The picture of the female hardly differs from
that of var. typwa; oidy the spot in the costal cell, between the
stigma and the humeral crossvoin, which is usually wanting in
var. perfecta and present in var. typica, is much darker than in
the latter species ; this is also the case in the male.

Tliese statements are taken from a very fine pair of specimens
from Sharon Springs, N. Y., collected by Baron O.sten-Snekeii.
lie sent me at the same time a male from Connecticut (colle<teil
by ^\r. Bassctt), which agrees with the former in tlie picture mhI
in the shape of the wings, except that the uniformly brown ]iart
of the picture of the specimen from Sharon is clouded with yel-
lowish-brown and dark-brown ; moreover, in the latter speeiineii,
the spot i)laced between the humeral crossvein and the stigma is

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iii'ina 16

DESCUll'TlUN OF THE Sl'KCIKS.

241

very much fuded. Tlie description wliich Mr. Wulkcr gives of
hirt Tviji)ela coniiycra refers, if 1 uiiderstuiid it rij^iit, to this
variety. [The nmie speciiiieii from Sharon was fiiujrlir, on tiio
suiiie spot with the feniule; I possess, moreover, a couple from
Connecticut, stuck on on(! pin, as if causrlit in roiiuld. Tims
there can hardly be a douljt as to tlie .sexes helonii^ing together,
the very different picture notwithstanding. O. 8.]

4. VarietdH vMiyera, I 9. — Of the four lateral bristles of the
front, the two upper ones are very much incrassated and truncate
at the end. The thoracic dorsum shows, besides the anterior
end of the middle stripe, two well-marked black lateral stripes of
a moderate breadth, aobreviated in front, rather broadly inter-
rupted at the transverse suture and pointed posteriorly. Scn-
tellum, upon each lateral corner, with a black spot; metathorax
on each side with a deep lilack longitudinal spot. Wings of the
male .somewhat less elongated than in the male of the var. jirr-
ft'vta. The picture of the wings in both sexes is coniitlete, hardly
different from that of var. perfecta. Of this variety I possess
only a male and a female from Nel)raska (Dr. Ileyden).

5. Varu'las intermedia %. — Of the four lat(!ral i)ristles of the
front, the two superior ones, although strong, are not incras-
sated and not truncate at the tip, but end, as usual, in a point.
Thorax without black lateral stripes; scntellum ni)on each laternl
corner with a black spot; metathorax on each side with a deep
black longitudinal spot. "Wings of the niak' less elongated, and
perceptibly less pointed than in the first two varieties; the
picture of the wings rather intense in coloring, the design
resembling that of the female of the first variety; however, the
hyaline band passing between the two crossveins is rather con-
spicuously expanded at its posterior end. The last joint of all
the feet is rather conspicuously infuscated on the sides and at
its end. Of t.iis variety I possess only a single male, without
indication of the precise lo. lity.

G. Variefas coh/luens, % . — Of the four lateral bristles of the
front the two upper ones are rather strong, but uot incrassated
and not truncate at the tip, but end, as usual, in a point. The
thoracic dorsum, besides the anterior end of the middle stripe,
shows two well-defined black lateral stripes of a moderate breadth,
which are abbreviated anteriorly, rather broadly interrupted at
the transverse suture, and pointed posteriorly. Scutellum upoa
Hi

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242

NORTH AMKRIdAN THVI'KTINA.

each lateral corner with a black spot. Mctt.thorax on each
side with a deep-black longitiulinal spot. Wiii^s of the inule
comparatively less elongated, and less attenuated tovvunis the
tip, consequently comparatively broader than in the fust iind
second variety. Tl^e picture of the wings is (complete, its color.
ing uniform, not very saturate, seldom here and there with u
trace of darker margins; the oblique hyaline crossband pu.ising
between the crossveins is comparatively narrow, reaches, iiovv-
ever, the anterior margin comi)Iet('ly. The brownish-yellow
rivulet rising across the posterior erossvein is of a considciiihle
breadth in all its parts, so that the branch of it which borders the
margin of the wing and that which runs along the last section of
the fourth longitudinal vein, coalesce in their middle.

I possess a single male only (Connecticut; Mr. Norton); it is
one of the smallest specimens of this species in my collection.

1. Variet..s arcidata % . — Of the four lateral bristles of i|;e
front, the two upper ones are not stronger than usual among tlx;
species of the same size ; as usual, also, they end in a point. The
thoracic dorsum shows, besides the anterior end of the middh-
stripe, two strongly marked black lateral stripes of modi riite
breadth, which are abbreviated anteriorly, rather broadly iiitci-
ruptcd at the transverse suture, and end in a point posteriorly;
scutellum with a black spot upon each lateral corner; metatlionix
on each side with a deep black longitudinal sp(jt. The wings of
the male are less attenuated towards the apex than in the males
of the first and second varieties, but comparatively less broiul
than in the sixth variety. The picture of the wings has a rather
uniform yellowish-brown coloring. It differs from that of all the
other varieties in the fact that the oblicjue hyaline band, rnnning
between the two crossveins, does not reach the anterior margin,
but suddenly ends between the second and the third longitndiruil
veins, so that the border of the anterior margin is not at all inter'
rupted beyond the triangular hyaline spot near the stigma ; at
the same time, this hyaline band is connected with the hyaline
streak in the latter portion of the first posterior cell, the rivulet
crossing over the posterior erossvein being interrupted hero.
These modifications give the picture a very different appearance.

Of this variety I likewise possess but one specimen (Illinois;
Mr. Brendel) ; it is but little larger than the male specimen of
the sixth variety.

■-cr'

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DESCRIPTION OP TIIE SPECIES.

243

Obsrrvation. — Tnjixla lon(jipennit< lius no ininicdiatc relatives
among tlie European TrypiiUhe. From Spiloyraphn nhrofani
Meijj;., and macrovhieta L\v., which resenihle it soniewliat in tlio
pceiiliar sliapo of tlie froniul bristles, it (litters too much, in the
stature of the body, the shape of the head, as well as in tlut outline,
the venatio'n, and the pi(;ture of the wings, to be placed in the
siunc genus HpHoijrnpha. It nmst be considered, then^fore, as
tlie type of a separate genus. Mr. 11. Desvoidy has given it the
name of Strauzia, which may be preserved, after being mod Hied
into the more correct form of Straussia. The principal charac-
ters of the genus Straussia are the following: —

liody long and narrow; head remarkal.ly swollen, especially
the occiput ; eyes rounded and rather small for a Tnjpi'la, so that
in the profdc the front advances much before the eyes and the
cheeks arc very broad. Lateral border of the front raised in
the sluape of a cushion, so that the whole front assumes the
appearance of a basin. Antcnnte short, reaching, perhaps, as far
as the middle of the face; the last joint rounded at the tip
Face retreating inforiorly; oral opening small, without any sharp
anterior edge ; the rather broad palpi not reaching beyond this
edire. Scntellnra convex, with four bristles. Abdomen elongated
and considerably narrower than the thorax. Ovipositor of the
female not flattened Wings comparatively long and only mode-
rately broad, in the male narrower than in the female, especially
towards their end; the picture consists of rivulets; first and third
longitudinal veins distinctly bristly ; the third and fourth veins
towards their end somewhat divergent and rather strongly bent
backwards; small erossvein placed about the beginning of the
last third of the discal cell; the posterior angle of the anal cell is
drawn out in a sharp point.

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12. T. electa Sat. 9. (Tab. X, f. 7.)— Lntpa, vittis thoracis Pt pon-
tello ex-albiiiis, ansulis lat«»ralibus hiijus iiigris ; tibiae posticse sftifl
nigris, proportione longis ciliata; alw hyaliiiiB, fasciis duat)ua intei^rin
adversus marginem posticum converBt*iitiba3,.'!trigul& interjects a oost&
ad venam longitudinalem tcrtiain <inct4, et costse ipsius limbo iiiie a
fasciA, secund4 usque ad apicem cellulffi posterioria secundae peitiiiente,
fuscis.

Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of the thorax and scntpllnm whitish;
the latter with blackish lateral corners ; posterior tibiae oiliatnd with
comparatively long black bristles; wings hyaline, with two complete

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Nt)UTH AMF.IUCAN THYI'KTINA.

croHnhiuidH, ciiiivfrHiiig towards tliB iHinlerior margin, an fncotnplcte
band bKgiuuiiit^ at tliu nnterior margin and running as far ah tlie tliiid

longitudinal vt-in, and a bordt-r ol tliu uostu, beginning at tliH st-i I

croH.sband and miding at the lip of liie ttwcond posterior tell ; tlm wljule
of this piuturu being biuvvn. Long. corp. U.'2\) ; long. al. U.2D.

^JYN. Trjipetn electa Say, Journ. Acad. IMiil., V[, p. ItiT), 1. .
T'';/f>tla eleclii LoEW, iMonograplm, etc., 1, p. 71, li. Tab. II, f. 7.

I liivvo notliinj? to add to the dt'seriplioii, jyiveii in tlic 'list piirt
of tln'so .MoiiojiTiiplis, l)ut 1 must observe tliiit, diH'oivod \>y Mac-
(luiirt's iiisullicit'iit di'seriptioii of his T. JlaroiKifdld, I liuvu takrii
it to be merely a paler variety of T. electa Suy, wiiile a spetiiiini
rceeived since tlicii lias cunviiiced luo that it is a very ciuaely
allied l)Ut distinct speeieet.

Jfab. Florida (Ostcii-Sackcn).

(Jhservalion. — Tnjpeta electa belongs hi the pcnus .Sy/Z/o'
gvapha.

13. T. flaVOIlotata Mahj. ^. — Lntea, vittis thoracis et fcnlclld
unifolore pallidioribus, tibial postioae aetulid brevissimis pallidis Hulni-
liatm ; alse hyalinsB, fasciis duabns postice panio abbreviatis adwrsiM
margineni postjcuin co^ivergentibus, Ntrigulil interjeota, a fosti\ piope ad
venam longitudiualeni tertiani dtn^td et costte ipsius limbo indti a I'asciii
secuudii usquu ad cellulie pos^terioris secundie apiuem pertinentu, fu^i'is.

Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripf^a of the thoracic dorsnm and the niii-
colorons soutt'llnm paler; hind tibite somewhat ciliated with very short,
pale bristles; wings hyaline, with two crossbands, which ar«' soniewliat
convergent ; ')8teriorly and interrupted a little \)el'ore the posterior mar-
gin, a little crossband between them, extending from the anterior mar-
pin almost to the third longitudinal vein, and w border of the costa,
running from the second crossband to the tip of the second posterior
cell; the whole picture being brown. Long. corp. 0.18; lung. al. 0.21
—0.22.

S?N. Tcphrltis flavonotuta Macq. Dipt. Exot. SnppL V, p. 125. Tab.
VII, f. 9.

This ppecies is very like Trypeta electa Say, differs, liowovcr,
from it as follows. It is smaller ; the head ia comparatively
smaller and has much narrower cheeks. Tlie third anteiinal
joint ends at a much sharper angle. In what way the picture
of the tl\orax dilTers from that of T. electa cannot he well
ascertained in my specimen, in which it has become soniewliat
indistinct, probably in the process of drying; the whitish stripe,
running from the humerus to the root of the wings, is very per-

I^»

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nKSCRll'TIo:^ OF TIIK S1"K('IK8.

2J5

crptihlc; tlioro i.s also a truce of Uio wliilish slrij)© nlxno tlio
root of till' wiiij^s; Itut this stripe shows no trace of the dark
honlcr on the inside, which it ha.s in 1'. ilfda.; nor do I see a
whitish inediun lino. iScuteliuni eonipanilively snniller and iconic,
what more convex, without lilack spot ort the lateral corners.
The npper border of the nietathorax is luarkecl, at each end, with
u very small spot of a deep Mack color. The puncliform Itlack
lateral dotH, which exist on the last abdominal se|jrinent of tiie
ft'inah! of T. clfria, are not percept ihle in the nnde of the present
spcoies. All the brintles of the body are less strong and of a
piiler color, especially ujxiri the feiinira, and instead of the com-
paratively lonji; Mack bristles with which the npper side of the
hind tibia; of 2\ clci la is frinjred, there are in the present
species only very short pale yellow bristleta. The third lon<jri-
tudinal vein of the wings has, at its basis, K<'veral little liristles,
l)Ut upon tho remainder of its course, is entirely bare (whiht tlio
bristles extend much farther in 2\ elwia). The picture of the
wings is very like that of 2\ electa, with the following dilfer-
ences : the two crossbands in tho middle of the wings do not
altogether reach the posterior margin and are also less approxi-
mated, that is, th(>y do not form the figure V ; tho basal portion
of the snbniarginal cell lying before the first of these banils is
hyaline; the picture in the vicinity of the root of the wing is
much less extended and much paler, so that its darker portions
do not, as in T. elccla, form a kind of crossband, running alnajst
parallel to tho following band.

Ilab. Yukon River, Alaska (R. Kennicott).

Ohi^ervation. — T. flavonofala is very closely allied to those
European species, which I have placed in the genus Zononemn
(in my ^lonograph of the European IVi/petid/v), and should be
placed in it, as long as it is separated from Hjiilogrniiha. Should,
however, Zonosema be united with HpUixjropha, which seems the
best course to follow, owing to the intermediate forms, which
occur among the exotic species, then, as a matter of course, T.
Jlavnnotnla will have to be placed in the genus Hpilographa.

14. T, tetanops n. sp. % . (Tal). XI, f. If).)— MHl^a, capit« PHt)in-
tiiUo, ocMilis parvis ; al;p liyalinnp, faaciis <tnal)us adversns iii;irj;iiit^in
posticmu coiiVfTiifutilins, striciil^ interJHcta, iiute a coiita ad terliiiia
nsfjUH VHiiain ptrtinente, maciilis deniqiie dualms parvis, alteril in vhikb
Iniiu'itiiitinalis Inrtine, alterd, in qiiartne apice siti, fiiscis, liis iiiaculi:!
limbo luarginis tenuissiiuo fusuo conjuuctiii.

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246

NOIITII A.MBKICAN TKYPETINA.

Hoiiey-yellowr, with a rather tuiiuil heiid and amall eyes ; wings hyaline,
witli a brown picture, whicli consists of two erossbands, couverL'iiii,;
towards the posterior margin, of a little band, between both, reacliing
from thecosta to the third longitudinal vein uud of two little spots upon
the third and fourth longitudinal vein^, v. niuh spots are connected by a
narrow infusoatiou along the 'uar^iu of the wing. Long. corp. 0.19—
0.2(1; long. al. 0.17—0.18.

Iloney-yellow, the head of a purer yeliow, somewhat tiiinij.
Front broad, with some f3catlored, sliort, very delicate hhickisli
pile; its lateral bristles weak. Frontal luiiule very small. Eyes
siiuill, elongated, with a rather projecting anterior corner. Face
descending straight; edge of the mouth blunt, somewhat swollen;
the conspicuously deepened untennai furrows become nanoutd
below and disappear in the lateral edges of the mouth ; the part
of the face between them forms an acute, level triangle; the
cheeks are remarkably broad, beset with a few short black hairs;
oral opening very small; clypeus unusually little developed;
palpi short, but consideraitly broad, sparsely beset with sliort,
black hairs. Proboscis rather short and stout ; the stout sucto-
rial flaps, although somewhat long, are not prolonged, nor folded
backwards. The upper side of the thorax, with the exception of
the posterior and lateral margins, which are shining, is covered
with a thin ochre-yellow pollen, and hence opacpie; the short j)Iiw
ui)on it and the bristles are black; tiie number and position of
the latter i.s the usual one ; of the two pairs of bristles in front
of the scutelluni, the anterior one is inserted upon very small
dots of a somewhat darker color ; in the proximity of the suture
there are two similar dots; moreover, the trace of a slender dark
middle line is perceptible. Scutelluni shining honey-yellow,
rather convex, sparsely beset with little black hairs and bearing
four strong black bristles. Pleurae of the same color with the
scutelluni, beset with black pile. Abdomen, likewise, shining
honey-yellow, in tne middle with a trace of an ochre-yellow dii.^t,
beset with black pile, but without lunger bristles. The yellow
feet have rather strong femora; the two front femora are besit
with bristles upon the under and upper side. Wings liyalint',
with a piciur;, which is very like that of the two preceding s{)eeies.
The principal feature consists in two narrow brown transverse
bands; the first, somewhat faded at its beginning, starts fro'ii
th(! end of the stigma and runs perpendicularly over the sniull
crossveiu as far as the proximity of the posterior margin, while

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

247

the soc'ond begins at the tip of the second lonf^itiiilinol vtnii luid
runs in an oblique direction over the posterior orossvein to the
posterior niar<j^in ; between these two bands there is a short,
brown one, extending from the anterior margin to tlie third
hjiigitudinal vein; it follows the same direction as the second
band; the tips of the third and fourth longitudinal veins bear
each a snniU brown spot and these spots are connected by a nar-
row ))rovvn shade along the margin of the wing ; a small brown
spot covers the end of the anal cell, which is drawn out in an
acute point; the inner costal cell, the beginning of the first basal
cell, as far as the origin of the third vein, the basis of the sub-
marginal cell as far as the first brown cross])and, the stigma and
the anal ctll are tinged with yellow; a yellow coloring likewise
surrounds that crossvein, which divides the second l)asul cell from
the discal cell; the basis of the exterior costal cell is tinged with
yellowish-brown. The third longitudinal vein is, in the vicinity
of its origin, densely beset with bristles; more sj»arsely beyond
that point ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins somewhat
diverge towards their end; tiie small crossvein is a little before
the middle of the discal cell; the posterior crossvein is straight
and steep.

Ifdh. Mexico (Deppe; Mns. Berol.).

Obaervatiun. — The i)rincipal dilVerence between this s])('eies
and the typical Sinlogrctphfr (.'(msii^ia in the structure of the head,
which has been described alii)ve; moreover, the wings are com-
paratively shorter and the third vein has, as far as its tip, an
entirely rectilinear course, while, in all the species of Spilo-
(jrapha (comp. Tal). X, f. 7), it is gently curved backwards.
Should a new genus be founded for this single species, the name
(J'^dicdrrna. alluding to the structure of its head, might be
adopted for it. It would seem preferable, however, until a
number of allied sjX'cies becomes known, to let 2\ IrhDiapx
remain in the jfcnus Hflogropha, with wiiieh it is undoubtedly
related on account of tlie jfreat resem!)lance of the ])icture of its
wings with that of T. eltvta and Htill more of T. Jiuronoitila.

la. T. sarciliata Lw. 9. (Tab. Xr, f. 1 ('..)— Sor.iide lutea, dorso
liioriicis t'ilicrasi'j'lUti, puiicti.-^rju*' aliqiint iii;ijiisiMili« atris jiiito, .Ki'iitfllo
tuiiiido, l)iiiiauimato atro, alarum angulo axillaii fasciis(iiie (luatiior
vai(te ot)li(|ui>< t»x luteo fu.-icis, veiiis traiii-VHisirt nliliiiiiis et valde
appruxiuiatid, cellulil di^coidali adversud basiiu valdu angu.statil.

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248

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETIXA.

Dingy clay -yellow, with several deep black lots upon the gray fhoncv-
dorsum and with a tumiil bituberculiite black scutelliun ; wings wiih a
yellowish-brown posterior angle an<l four Vi.iy obli(iue yellowi-li-liiown
crosrtbands, with oblique and very approximate crossvein;! and witli ii
discal cell which is gradually attenuated towards its basis. Long. imp.
0.28 ; long. al. 0.26—0.27.

Sy.v. ?TiiihrHis quadrlfasciata Macqdakt, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 22li. Tab.
XX.X, f. 8.
Trijpttd snrrindtn LoEW, Berl. Eutom. Zeitschr., VI, p. 218, and IMpt.
Amer. Cent., I, 88.

Dark clay-yellow, almost brownish-y'cllow. The broad licad i-;
of a liirliter color; front very broad, on the anterior part of tlu;
lateral margin with two bristles, and before them, near the orbit,
with a small black dot. Antenna) yellowish, by far not rem Iiiiii:
the edjre of the mouth. Face somewhat excavated, but very littli!
procruding towards the edge of the mouth, broad and with bruMil
orbits along the eyes. Cheeks rather broad, with a small bhick
.«pot near the lower corner of the eye. Oral opening transver.-cly
oval ; proboscis and palpi yellowish, short, entirely withdrawn in
the oral opening; the usual frontal bristles black; the pile on the
cheeks, l)elow the black dot which occurs upon them, blackisii ;
the remaining pile on the head is whitish. The upper side of the
thorax seems to have an almost black ground color, assumes,
however, in con.sequence of the rather thick pollen wh'ch covus
it, a gray, entirely opaque, appearance ; upon the middle of tlio
thora.x, lengthways, there are three pairs of large, black, opa(|ue
dots, the largest, anterior pair being on the transverse suture, ilie
posterior pair immediately in front of the scutelluin ; upon \Uv
lateral margin of the thoracic dorsum, the humeral callus, tiie
callus in front of the root of the wings, and a rather large ^pot
above the root of the wings are not clothed with pollen and ratiicr
shining black. The ordinary bristles arc black; the bristk-s in
pairs, along the thoracic dorsum, are inserted upon tiie bhick
dot*, descril)ed above, except upon the anterior pair (where tLty
may have been rubbed ofif iu the described .specimen). Scuteilum
shining black, remarkably swollen, but with a strong coarctatinii
along the longitudinal middle line, and thus appearing bitnlni-
culate ; each of the tul)ercles bears a strong bristle, below wlmh
a second one, much weaker, seems to have existed. ]\retathiir:i\'
and pleurne clay-yellow ; the immaculate, glabrous abdoniiii is
of the same color. Ovipositor flat, pointed, somewhat loii!-'i r

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DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

249

than the last four alKlotninal sesrmeiits taken together, of the
same color with the abdomen, or somewhat more reddish-yelluw,
bhuk at the extreme tip only, with scattered, blackish pile. Feet
dark chiy-yellow. Wings rather large; their picture consists,
besides the yellowish-brown posterior corner, of four oblicpie yel-
lowish-brown crossbands, with dark-brgwn borders ; the brown
coloring which fdls the posterior corner is separated from the
firs', band on the posterior half of the wing only, and that by an
ol)li(iue hyaline half band, lying in the third posterior cell, but
which does not reach the root of this cell ; a small, scpiare hyaline
sjtot near the humeral crossvein indicates the separation of the
iwish-ljrown coloring of the base of the wing from tiie first
cri -sband ; the first and second crossbands are completely coales-
cent before the third longitudinal vein; beyond this vein, they
are separated by a hyaline, very oblicpie band, which begins
below the basis of the comparatively long stigma and ends at tiie
tip of the fifth vein ; the second and third brown bands are
separated by a narrow hyaline band, which crosses the whole
breadth of the wing, but is almost interrupted upon the second
longitudinal vein ; the third and fourth brov»'n bands, the latter
of which runs along the apex of the wing, are entirely coalescent
upon their anterior portion; their posterior portion is separated
by a narrow, hyaline, half band, which does not reach the third
longitudinal vein; upon the last section of the anterior margin
the brown coloring is somewhat spotted and shows here and there
a very small pale drop. The venation shows the following j)ecu-
liarities ; stigma rather long, third and fourth longitudinal veins
curved bai ■ anis towards their en<l ; the very approximate
crossveins ai'« very oblique and have tiieir posterior ends nearer
to the apex of the wing than the anterior ends ; the discal cell is
very much contracted towards the basis, and very much dilated
towards the end; the posterior angle; of the anal cell is drawn
out in a sharp point; the third vein has scattered bristles uiiun
nearly its whole extent.
Hab. South Carolina (Zimmerman ; Mus. Berol.).
Obserfation 1. — In the synonymy, I have doul)tfully ((uoted
Tcphritia quadrifa.>'<iata Macq. from Georgia. It is true that
Trt/jif'tn i^r<-^tnfita is not recognizable in Macquart's descriptinn;
and if M^w-^faart's figures had tiie h'ast claim to faithfulness, the
synonymy of these two species would be out of question. But

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250

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

with the knowledge we have of the character of Maequart's pub-
lications, we cannot but suspect that his species is after all nothing
but the one we have doscrH;';d above. Tiie position and direction
of the crossveins, as well a^ the general pattern of the picture of
the wings, distinctly show a certain analogy to T. mrcinala. The
synonymy cannot be assumed as certain, as Maccpiart, in his
description, does not mention either the black dots on tiie thoracic
dorsum, or the black coloring and the very striking shape of tiie
scutelluni of T. sarcinata; moreover his figure of the wing shows
important discrepancies in outline, venation, and picture. IJv
all means, should even the identity of those species be conlirmcd,
Mac(piart's name would be lost for it, as it has been preoccupied
by Meigen.

OlMU'uafioji 2. — The great approximation of the crossveins and
their oblique position indicate the relationship of the present
species with CEdanpis. It differs, however, in the peculiar shape
of the scutellum, the greater length of the wings, and the shape
of the discal cell, which is more attenuated towards the basis.
TLo pattern of the picture of the wings differs from that of the
European and American species, as far as they are known. For
this reason, I do not think that it would be well placed in the
genus (Edaapis, and I propose for it the formation of a new genus.
Penmyma. The position and direction of the crossveins, as well
as the picture of the wings (the second crossband of which, as in
(Edo.tpis, incloses both crossveins), remind of Trypcta ohliqua
Say and the species related to it; however, the structure of these
latter species has too little in common with 2Z aarcinata to allow
tht-sr ju.\ta4)Ositioii in the same genus.

16. T. discolor Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 1.)— Lute.a, .ilvlomiiie iiigro,
iilanitii f.i.xiis qiiutuor oblicjuis fusnaiiis, prim^ ft secunilii aiitice, tcrti^
et (iiuirti jiostice coiinexis, ven& longitudiuali terlii selosa, veuisque
traii.sversis valde approxiiuati^.

Clay-yellow, with a black abdomen; wings with four oblique infuscated
bands, the first and senond of wliicli are connected anteriorly, the third
and fourtli posteriorly ; the third longitudinal vein is beset with bristles ;
crossveiuii V**!/ much approximated. Long. corp. 0.13; long. al. O.IT).

Syn. Tfi//)(i(i discolor LoEw, Mouogr., I, p. 64. Tab. II, f. 1.

J/oh. Cul)a.

This pretty species is so closely allied to T. ohliqua Say, that

'.' r-

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

2:)i

geiierically tliey cannot bo separated; the sy.stoiniitie position of
these two species and of some Soutli American onus, related to
them, will be discussed below (seo the last observation to the
next following species).

11. T. obliqiia Say. % ?. (Tab. XI, f. 14.)— Flava, thoracis dorso
positicH atro-bipuiiutati), abdoiuiue maris utriiUiUH puiiutis atris in suriuia
dispositis quatuor, fneiriinae quiiiiiuu iiotato, alie liyaliiiie, t'asuiis quatuor
obliquis liavis et fusoo-iuargiuatis variegatiB.

Yellow, with two deep-black puuctifonu dots on the posterior end of t)ie
thoracic dorsum, ami on each side of tiie abdomen with rows of four
siiuilar dots in the luale, and of live in the female; wings hyaline with
four oblique, yellow crossbands, borderjd with brown. Long. corp.
0.12—0.14; long. al. 0.13—0.14.

Syn. Trypeta ohliqua Say, Journ. Acad. Phil., VI, p. 186, 3.
Trijpeta uhliqua LoEW, Mouogr., I, p. 90.

Say's description, with the additions given by Baron Osten-
Saeken in these Monographs, Yul. 1, p. 100, is sufliciont fur the
identification of this pretty species. I would only add tiiat in ail
the specimens examined by me, the males had four, the females
five black dots on each side of the abdomen, and that all the
specimens showed three deep black dots on the posterior jiart of
the pleurae ; one immediately above the middle coxa), the second
above the hind ones, the third crescent-shaped, surrounding the
basis of the stem of the halteres. Ovipositor abont as long as
the last two abdominal segments taken together, of the same
coloring as the abdomen, very little infuscated at the end.

Ilab. Indiana (Say) ; Pennsylvania (Osteu-Sacken ; on Fer-
nonia in August)' Texas (Belfrage).

Observation 1. — I am in doubt whether Trypeta ohliqua also
occurs in Brazil. The specimens generally labelled with this name
iu the collections, seem to belong to a ditlerent, although closely
resembling species. They are usually somewhat larger than the
North American specimens of T. ohliqua Say ; the pile on the
whole body as well as the bristles on the third vein are somewhat
longer; moreover, I notice on the sides of the aI)doinen of the
male only two, of the female only three black d(jts ; not fully
colored specimens do not show any trace of the three bhuk s[)ots
on the posterior part of the pleuroe, as they occur in T. ohliqua;
better colored specimens have a trace of the two posterior spots

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252

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

only. In all otlior respects the af^roeniont with T. ohliqua is so
great, tliat I do not dare to decide whether thi.s Brazilian Tri/),r(a
is a distinct species or merely a variety of 2\ obliqua. Il is not
to be confounded with another Brazilian sjiecies, which is con-
siderably larger, and of which I possess only the female. 1 let
its description follow : —

T. bisci'iata n. sp. 9- — Trypptse obliqnse Say, quam magnitndine
supt^rat, Kiiuillima, sed capita proportione niajore, pilis totiiis corpmis
longioribuH, pluiiris iiiniiauulatis, alii) iniiuia pure hyaliuis et uellul.i
ba^ali secuuda nou liyaliua, sed lut<;4 distinuta.

Very like T. obliqua Siiy, but larger, with a comparatively larger lie.i.l,
longer pile ou the whole body and unspotteil pleurae ; wings of a le?s
puie liyaline; seton<l basal cell not colorless, but yellow. Long, coip,
0.17—0.18; long. al. 0.22—0.23.

Coloring and picture of the body similar to the female of T. ohliijua S.'iy,
especially the two black dots upon the iiosterior portion of the tlioracio
dorsum and the five black dots upon eacli side of the abdomen ; the lil.u k
dots which 7'. obliqua has on the posterior portion of tlie pleurre are
entirely wanting here. The pile on tlie whole body is much longer, lil;uk
upon the abdomen and especially striking upon tlie pisterior edge of its
first segment. The head is proportionally larger. The wings are com-
paratively somewhat broader and their surface, especially towards the
posterior margin, is a little more dusky ; the first and third longitudinal
veins are beset with much longer bristles; tiie venation agrees, in the
main, with that of T, obliqna; the picture of the wings also is very much
alike, only the dark portions of' it are less brownish-black and more
diluted; the last two yellow bands are much less extensive; the second
basal cell, which in T. obliqna is always hyaline, is altogether tinged with
clay-yellow here. The ovipositor is about as long as the last two abdo-
minal segments taken together, and is broadly truncate at the end.

Ilab. Brazil.

Observation 2. — Trype.ta dhcolor and obliqua Say, as well as
the T. biseriata described in the preceding observation, arethrc'.'
very closely resembling species, agreeing in all the priiici|i!il
characters. They have no immediate relatives in Europe, with
which Ihoy could be placed in the same genus ; however, tlicv
are somewhat allied to CEdaxpi.^, as they have the direction of the
crossveins and the course of the second crossbaiid, ccn-eriiig the
crossveins, in common with that group ; in almost all tlie dtiirr
important characters they show striking difTcrenccs. I pi'0])nso,
therefore, the formation of a new genus for them, which I call J'la-

.^i

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

2,-) 3

giotoma. The characters of this poiuis are as follows : In the
structure of the head and of its i)arls and of the scutcllum it
resembles Acidia very much; the 8<nit('llum, provided with four
hristles, is convex, without ai)i)eariiig swollen ; the shape of the
abdomen likewise reminds one of the species i)i Avidia; the ovi-
positor also has a similar slrneture, I)ut is lon<;or than in Acidin,
rather broadly truncate at the end. Wings rather large, with a dis-
tinctly convex anterior margin ; the first and third veins are dis-
tinctly liristly ; the crossveins arc very much apimjxiniatcd ; their
posterior end is nearer to the apex of the wing than the anterior
one; the last section of the fourth vein forms a bow, the convex
side of which is turned towards the anterior margin, so that it
distinctly diverges at the end from the end of the third vein, which
is much more straight; the posterior corner of the anal cell is
drawn out in an acute point. The picture of the wings consists
of four very oblique crossbands, the second of which runs over
both crossveins; the last crossband forms a border along the apex
of the wing.

18. T. palposa Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 9.)— Lntea, alidoniine puiuto-
ruiu iiigroruin seriebus quatuor picto ; aire liyaliiiae, fasciis tiilms >oiili.lH
liiteis, priuid et secundil peipyiulii^ularilms et paiallelis, teitii inargiiiali
et inde a praecuduute u^qiie ad cellulse posterioiis Stiuuudse apiceiu p«^r-
tineute.

Clay-yellow, with four longitudinal rows of black dots on the abdomen;
wings hyaline with three crossbands of a dingy clay-yellow, the fust two
of which are perpendicular and parallel ; the third forms a bonier along
the margin of the wing, reaching from the second band to the end of
the second posterior cell. Long. corp. 0.26 — 0.27 ; long. al. 0.2G.

Syn. Tri/peta paJposa LoEW, Monogr. I, p. 74, 8. Tab. II, f. 9.

The quoted description, drawn from an indifferently preserved
male, is sufiBcient for the identification of the species. ] will only
notice here that in the first line of that description, Ccdi'rh., must
be read, instead of CederJi, and that on page 7.5, line 4, the ex-
pression " the edge of the tip" means the third band, which forms
a l)order along the last portion of the anterior margin and the
apex of the wing.

IJab. Xorthern Wisconsin Kiver (Kennicott).

Observation. — The present species is a type of the genus
Tn/pefa, in the narrower sense, as defined in my Monograpli of
the European Trypetina. It belongs in the group of those

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254

NORTH AMERICAN TUYPETINA.

Bpocios which are related to Tn/peta arctii Dcg. and arc ahiin-
dantly represented in the European fauna. The most salient
features of 'Tnjju'la sensu strict, arc also the Khni)e of the head,
as well as the hIzc and jiosition of tho rather hroad palpi, which
reaeli heyond the somewhat projectinj? anterior edge of the mouth.
As these characters are ea.sier to jjcrceive than to describe in a
few words, the present species deserves to be studied as a type
of Trijjit'ta in the narrower sense.

19. T. florescentiac Lin. % J . — Ex flavo-viresci'ns, tlior.icis disco
iiigriciiiito, postiee br«viter bifido, maculis alarum liyaliiianun qnatuor
nigris, interiuediis f«re contiguis, aut iu fasciam perpeudicularem con-
fluuiitibua.

Yellowish-green; tlie blackish color of the thoracic dorsum which does
not reach the lateral margin is slightly bifid posteriorly ; the liyaline
vvings show four black spots, the two intermediate ones of which are
almost contiguous, or confluent in a perpendicular crossbaud. Long.
Corp. % 0.17, ? cum terebrA 0.20—0.21; long. al. 0.18.

Syn. ifuscaJlnrescentUe Linxe, Syst. Nat. X, p. 601, 0!).!
Musca rujicituda Fabuicids, Enl. Syst. IV, p. 353, 1G9.
Tejihrilis punctata Fallen, Act. Holm. 1814, p. 167, 12.
Trjipetajlorescentia MIcioen, Syst. Beschr. V, p. 321. Tab. XLVIII, f. 3.
Tnipeta Jloreacfntla Loew, Germar's Zeitschr. V, p. 338. Tab. I, f. 1.").
Trijptta florescentiat LoEW, Europ. Bohrfl. 59, 11. Tab. IX, f. 2.

Palo yellowish-green. Front, third antennal joint, and palpi
nsually of a much more vivid yellow. Eyes very much rounded.
Face short, excavated; the anterior edge of the mouth distinctly
projecting. Antennae rather short; the longer bristle upon tlie
second antennal joint but little conspicuous. Palpi comparatively
long, reaching beyond the anterior edge of the oral opening.
Thoracic dorsum blackish, with the exception, however, of the
lateral border and of a cuneiform beginning of a middle stripe,
starting from the posterior end, and which renders the bhuk
coloring bifid posteriorly. Scutellum immaculate, except on tlie
nndcr side of the lateral angles, and provided with four bristles.
Metathorax black. Pleurae more or less infuscated, sonictinies
rather blackish-brown, with a yellowish-green longitudinal stripe
upon their upper side and another across the middle. Abdomen
with four rows of conspicuous black spots; its pile, in both sexes,
is usually whitish; however, along the posterior margin of tlio
single segments, some black hairs are usually inserted ; the ]a*t

\ ■ •■■«•„•■

DESCUirtlOX OP THE SPECIES.

255

pogmont of the abdomen of the male is often clothed with nlto-
petlier Jtlack i»ile. Ovipositor red or brownisi»-red ; ut its l)asis
two, sonietiinos confluent, black spots arc visible; the extreme
tip also is usually black; in Icnjfth, the ovipositor hardly exceeds
lilt; last two abdominal segments; it is not very much attenuated
towards the end and is beset with black or blackish pile. Feet
altogether pale clay-yellow. Wings hyaline, with a black or
rather blackish pictun;; the outlines of this picture are sur-
rounded, in immature specimens, with a purer hyaline, in ri[)er
ones, with a more whitish-hyaline hue; beyond this pellucid
border, the former kind of specimens show an indistinct, the latter
ones a more pronounced pray shade ; the picture of the wings
ccmsists of four spots, very variable as to their size and the inten-
sity of their coloring; the first spot covers the stigma and usually
reiiclies only as far as the second longitudinal vein ; the sec*)iid
begins near the anterior margin immediately above the pttsterior
crossvein, thus leaving the tip of the marginal cell uncovered ; it
becomes narrower and more faint posteriorly, thus reaching
more or less completely the anterior end of the posterior cross-
vein ; the third spot usually appears as a I)road border along the
posterior crossvein and is more or less coalescent with the second,
forming a perpendicular crossband; the fourth spot lies upon the
ape.x of the wing and is more or less triangular, as its inner limit
runs perpendicularly from the tip of the second vein to ihe fourth
vein, which limits it posteriorly; around the small crossvein and
iti the environs of the root of the third vein there is a more or
less apparent, sometimes very distinct infuscation.

Ilab. Canada (Mr. Provanchcr); common also in all Europe,
where the larva inhabits the flower-heads of different species of
Cirsium.

OhHervalion 1. — Europe possesses, besides the variety of this
species, discovered by Mr. Provanchcr in Canada, another form,
distinguished by considerably larger and darker spots on the
wings. Specimens of both varieties might easily be taken for
different species; nevertheless, passages from one form to the
other occur in the picture of the wings, and I am not able to
discover between both the slightest i)lastic difference. In Ger-
mar's Zeitschrift, Part Y, Tab. I, f. 15, I have figured a wing of
the first variety. An extreme instance of the second variety is
figured in my Monograph: die Eui-opaisehen BohrJHerjen, Tab.

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IX, f. 2. Mriffcn's fiffiiro (Syst. T'.o.sclir. V, Tab. XI-VIII, f. r.)
likewise n'pnjscnts the latter variety, it i.s proliuljle that it will
also Ite loiiiMl in America.

Ohsiri'utiun 2. — Tlu; jirescnt ppocics, ns well as the proccdiiig,
beloiigfi to the geiiud Tnjiteta in the narrower hi'M.sc.

30. T, polita LoRvv. J. (Till). X, f. 1-.)— Afra, nilida. pciitfllo
tiimiclo coneolDrf, c.ipitH pr;eter facieiii exallillain p-'rlil)iH(jue liitescHii-
tiliiiM, alse all)iil(»-li.valith'e, iiiacMilil l)asali atii, faxMisqut) liilm.i latis-
siiiiiM fusco-nigris, vt-iiis traiisveiais valiic a|i|iriixiiii.ilirt.

Dfe|) Mack, Hliining ; tlie tmni'l sciUellum i-i C'lnciilorouH ; the linail, with
tlie exception of tlie whiiisli faoi-, aii'l tliu fnet clay-ynlhtwi.Mli ; ttio
whiti.sh-liyaline wingi^ have a deep black sput upon tliH haiils ainl thr>-M
very hroaii deep black crossbaiids ; the crossveiii-i are \ ry iniicii
approximated. Long. corp. 9 U.17 — 0.18, cum ten iiiu 0.22; long. al.
0.17—0.18.

Syn. Tri/pctd polita LoEW, Monogr. Vol. I, p. 77. Tab. II, f. 12.

JIah. Missi.s >'\ (Sehaum); Washington, 1). C ; New York;
Connecticut (O. 8.).'

Observation. — I have nothing to add to the ahovc-qnotcd
description. The sysleiiiatic po.^^ition of this species will he dis-
cussed in the .second renuirk to the lullowing -pecies.

ai. T. atra I.w. % <^ . (Tab. XI, f. IT.)— Atra, uitida, scntellotumido,
coiicolore, capite praeter faciein albidiiiii, fi'iimruui apice, tiliiis tar-siscjiie
lutein; alse ailiiilo-hyaiinae, inacul4 basMli atra, fasciisqiio tribus lalid
fusco-atris, venis transversis valde approxiuiatis.

Deep black, shining; the tumid scntellutn concolorous ; the head, with
tli»' exception of the whitish face, the tip of the femora, the tibi.-e, and
the tarsi clay-yellow ; the whitish-hyaline wings have a deep black spot
upon the basis and three broad, deep brownish-black crossbands ; cross-
veins very approximate. Long. corp. 'J O.IJ -0.13, 9 0.13 — 0.14, cum
terebrd 0.17—0.18; long. al. O.lS—O.lf).

Sy.v. Tri/peta atra Lokw, Berl. Entoni. Zeitschr. VI, p. 219.
Tryppta atra LoEW, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Cent. II, No. 89.

Deep black, shining. Front rather broad, of a rivid reddish-
yellow ; the occllar triangle, as well as the little stri))es descen'l-
ing from the vertex and bearing the uppermost bristles of vlie
vertex, black, with a whitish-gray pollen ; anteriorly, on the lateral

' Thig species produces the galls on SnUdago, described by me in the
Trans. Auier. Kntomol. rioc Vol. II, p. 301. 0. S.

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DESCUll'TION OF THE SI'KCIKS.

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iiinr<rin of ilic front (licr»' nro f>n ofich .-ido two l)Ia( K- liri^tl. s.
Aiitciiiia yt'llow; tlio Ijliicki.sli nrista distinctly in('rii>>at('(| at the
liasis. Faco wliitisli; tlic nntrriur oral inarfrin not at all pio-
joctiiig. Cheeks wliitisli, under the eyes witli a more or h'.>s
iM'owiiisli-red KjMit. Oral opt-ning rather round. rrol)»>seis
-liort. I'alpi short, l)ut hroad, pale yellowish, with some short,
whitish pile. The upper and ii iddle j)art of ihe oeeip.it for the
most iiart lihiek. The ordinary frontal brisljes and some of the
hristh'rt on tho cheeks are hhick ; otherwise the pile upon the
head eonsists of very scattered, bristle-like, or stiibhle-shaped
whitish hairs, which easily drop olT. The tii)per side of the thorax
is shining black, very convex; besides the tisnal black bristl , it
shows white, bristle-like. hairs, which border tiie ikimded stripes.
Metathorax with white pollen; ita lower part shining black;
]il(iiraB shilling black, with some rare, stilf, iiristlc-Iike white hairs.
Altdomen short, shining black, at the root of the single segments
only somewhat glos.sy, in consc(piene(! of a very thin grayish pollen.
The scattered, very rough i)iie on the abilomen is whitish; only
the posterior margin of the segments and jtartly also the middle
line of the abdomen, have black hairs. Ovipositor stout, conical,
not flattened, shining black, beset with black pile, somewhat
longer than the last three abdomiiiiil segments taken togitlier.
Cox;e and femora shining black, only th(! front femora on the
under side with a few Ijlack bristles; the tip of the femora, the
tii)ite, and the tarsi brownish-yellow or more reddish-yellow.
AVings whitish-hyaline, short tind rather broad, with very much
approximated and very jterpendieular erossveins. The extreme
root of the wings is wliitisli ; next follows a rather large and
almost deep black spot, reaching as far as the axillary excision,
and not much beyond the basis of the small basal cells; the first
two crossbaiids, which follow next, are connected near the anterior
margin and strongly diverge towards .the posterior one; the first
of thi'in is even a little broader than the second and altogether
lihick, while the inner part of the second is partly brown ; the
third liaiid is sejiarated from the second, near the anterior margin,
only by a very narrow* hyaline spot; it borders the apex of the
wing far beyond the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein, bm actu-
ally touches the maririn of the wing only beyond the tip of the
third vein; its inner jjortion is brown anteriorly.

Ifah. Mexico (coll. Wiutli.); New York (Osten-Sacken).

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258

NORTH AMKUICAN TUYI'K.TINA.

Observation 1. — The ujiik'ihUmI lij;iirc of tliu wiiij; is taken fi-din
a Mt'xit'un Hpcciiiion. Tlie spt'tininis wliifli I ruccivoil IVoui N'lw
York (lillcr from tho foriiuT in boiiij; u lillle iarjjfcr uiid in Uiu
circ'uiiistuiicu thut the i'licc iu sununvhut more uiiuvcn ; pcrliiijit
only ill consequence of a slronf^er (lefsieculioii. Moreover, tliu la>t
pcction of the fourth vein is a little less curved, and tiie jxisterinr
end of the fust croHsbaiid is prolonged further aionj? the iiiiirL'iii
towards the posterior corner of the wiiiff. In all other respt'et!*
the afrrecment is such that I cannot believe T. atra to lie a
different species. From T. pnlita the present species is easily
distin},'uished by the much greater diverfr<'ney of the seeund niid
third crossbands on the wings, by the al)sence of the i)ale gray
border of the crossbands, which is always perceptible in T. jiohla,
and by the black coloring of the femora ; moreover, the antermr
part of the lateral border of the front bears only two bristles in
2\ atra, while there are throe in T. jiollta. TIk; Brazilian spcrics
y. nifjerrima Locw is very much like T. aim, nevertheless they
are easily distinguished. In order to facilitate the coniparison, I
let the description of this species follow.

T. nigerrima Lobw. 9. (Tab. XI, f. is.)— Atra, nitiil.i, smtflln
tuiiiido coiiooloiH, tlioracis raaeiilis latHr.alilms iitriiuiiio biiiis vcliitiiii",
aVi.lumine faHciis albiilo-polliiiosis oriiato, capite llavo, poiHbu.^ hx-IVm-
rugiiieo lut«ie, femorilms tam«n poriteriorilms antii'oinmqne litura fX-
fnsco nigriB ; alio albido-tiyalinae, maculil l)asali atrH, fascii,*()U(' trUnii
fu8co-atris, prinid, latiii!:>im&, reliquis luiuus latis, veuU truu.sverMH
valde approximatia.

Deep black, shining; the tumid scutellum concolorous ; thoracic dor-um
with two velvet black spots on each side ; abdomen with crossbaiili
of white pollen; head yellow; feet brownish-yellow, the posterior
femora and a stripe on the front femora brownish-black ; wings whitish-
hyaline with a deep black spot on the basis and with tliree blade
crossbands, the first of which is very broad, the two others less so;
crossveiiis very much approximated. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13 ; long. al.
0.12—0.13.

Stn. Tryppta ni(]errimn Lokw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VI, p. 219.
Trijpeta niijprrima Loew, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Cent. II, p. 89.

Shining black. Head whitish-yellow ; the rather narrow and steep fmnt
much darker yellow ; the frontal bristles black. Antennro dark yellow,
rather large, especially the eloncated third joint, which has a rather sliarp
anterior corner. Arista apparently bare, rather slender, not ineiassntHl
towards its root, of a pale color. P'ace but very little excavated, and very

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DKSCRII'TION OF THE SI'EriES.

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little retreating; tli« nnterior f(lc« of tli« month di^tinotly prnjectiiiif in
tilt* prolllM. KycM f lonnjited. Ciie^lt^ Hoiiifwliiit liro.'i'l, witii nil infuMc;itHil
rpot iiHur the iiift^rior vomer of the eye, ami with wliite pile. Oral
opeiiliii; Hinall, roiimleil. The rjither lirojul pnlpi yellowish, he-<et with
wliiti'-h pill'. Tht short anil not jjeiiifiil.ite prolHMcJTt clurk hrown. Tlif)r;tx
shilling hlnck, with a nietiillio lustre in the niiiMIe ; upon its liitMral
border, on each side, there nre twf) h-irtre, opMipie, velvet hl.ick spots, sepn-
rati'il hy the oriijin of the trnnsverHe HUtiire, which in tin^'ed with yellow.
The UHual bristleit are Mack ; the niinilmr of pnirri which were inserted
on the thoracic dorsum cannot well he ascertained. Moreover, the surface
of the thoracic dorsum shows remains of wtill, yellowish hairs, which seem
to liave Imrdered the liioad, hare stripes and to have also heeii iiwerted on
the posterior part of the hroad middle line. Scntellnm tnr^id, shining
Idack, with four hristles. The upper part of th" mctathorax is M.ick, i\A
ill most of the allied speciiH ; the lower jiortion is covered witli white
pollen, which does not (piite rench ItB lower iiiaruin. Femora with whitisli
jiollen ami white hairs; the hiuneral corner, as well as a little stripe
behind it, near the upper mart^in, nre velvet Mack. Alulomcn shining
black ; a thin whitish pollen covers the wJiole anterior part of the first seg-
ment, forms, upon the first, fiecond, aixl third segments, a hand along their
posterior margin which is perceptibly expanded and sharply emarginnte
ill the middle; the posterior margin of the fourth segment has a similar,
although narrower, band. The scatteretl pile on the abdomen is black,
gray at its basis, in part yellowish-white nj)on the last segment. The
flat, shining black ovipositor is about as long as the three last abdominal
segments taken together, and is beset with delicate, black pile. Feet red-
dish-yellow, the middle and hind femora, with the excej)tion of theextreme
root and of the tip, brownish-black ; tin; front femora have a brownish-
black stripe upon their upper side. Wings broad, the apex but little
rounded, hyaline, somewhat whitish ; at their basis there is a larpe black
spot, reaching into the basal cells; besides, there are three black cross-
bands, entirely coalesceiit at the anterior margin of the wing and diverg-
ing posteriorly; the first of them, which is by far the broadest and ia
ratlier perpendicular, runs from the stigma, ovir the basis of the discal
and of the third posterior cells, towards the posterior margin of the wing;
the second band is the narrowest, and runs from the stigma over both
crosflveins, and hence, oblicpiely, towards the jtosteiior margin; the third
band starts from the stigma and follows the anterior margin and the npex,
as far as the tip of the fourth vein, but, nevertheless, remains separated
from the costal vein by a narrow, irregular, hyaline interval, which
extends almost to its very end ; near the submarginal cell, this interval
is a little expanded and includes a punctifoiin dot, placed near the third
vein ; the first and second longitudinal veins are a little more distant fmm
the anterior margin than in most of the relateil species ; both cro<<veins
are very approximate ; the third longitudinal vein ia beset wilh short
bristles.
Hub. Braeil (coll. Wlnthem).

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYI'F.TINA,

Ohfrrrnfion 2. — 7'. /'o///a and aim, as well as T. 7iiijrrriiiia
arc {.'loscly I't'liiti'd in heir oriranizatiDn. ^\inoii<^ llic iMirnpniii
jl'ri//icl!r, llir species of tlie geiiiis Ocdnxpix stand next to tlirm,
especially when this genus is confined to Orddsju's viiil/i/dsfidla
I.(ie\v and its next con<z(>ners, at the exclusion of Ocd. HV((/c.
vuinni Meijj. and rrsiiviiina Costa. The American species dillcr
from the above-mentioned Eui'Dpean ones (unil/ifafcia/fi ].w.,
(licliolonia L\v., andyfxsa Locw) in several characters, wliidi lliev
have in common; the most striking of these are: 1. The rather
long, stul)l)le-shaped l>ile ; 2. The longer and more jjdinted nvi-
positor ; 3, The dilfereiit picture of the wings. The latter dilVer-
ence will he sufTiciently apj)arent, when the figures which I giw
of the wings of poliln, alra, and nigerrima are compared with
tlu^ figures of the wing of T. muUifanciala, produced in the
Europ. liohrjliegen, Tab. VI, f. 2. The pictures of T. fi!<sa and
difhotovia agree, in theii g<'neral feature.'^, with that of ttitdli-
fdKcinla. These diiferences of the three North American sjiecii'S
are not of sufficient importance to rcijuire the establishment of a
new genus for them, and 1 have not the slightest liesitation in
placing them in the genus OedasjAs, iu the narrower sense,
do lined above.

122. T. gi'blia n. sp. 9 • — Atra, nitida, soutello tnmido, coTicolore, faoie
iilbiL'aiite, pedilms subbadiis ; alse alliido-liyaliiiiB, niauul^ banali atii
fasciisque tribus latis fnsco-atris, vfiiis transversis valde approxiinatis,
cellula iiiargiuali per veimlam transversalera adventitiam dissect^.

Deep black, shining; tlie turgid soutelluiii of the same color; face
whitish ; feet chestnut-brownish ; wings whitish-hyaline, with a deep
black spot at the basis, and with three brownish-black crossbanils, very
much approximated crossveins, and a supernumerary crossvein dividing
ttie marginal cell. Long. corp. 0.13, cum terebr4 0.17 ; long. al. 0.14
—0.15.

Very like the three preceding species and closely allied to them,
nevertheless, distinguished in some peculiar plastic characters.
Deep black, shining. Front conspicuously broad, of an opaipie,
dirty, brownish, more reddish-brown on the sides; the four
bristles on the posterior part of the vertex, the bristles near the
ocelli, the four bristles crowded together and inserted on the small
stripes running from the vertex towards the front, finally two
bristles on each side, near the lateral frontal border, are all l)la<'l<;
the latter two are inserted, one very high up, the other very low

%;%„.

•%.;,f*f.4AI

rESCRIPTION OF THE Sl'ECIES.

2r,i

flnwTi, so that the distaiioo In'twccn tlu'iii is r» markably larjre.
Otliorwiso tlic head is licsct witli almost bristlc-liiic white stiil)l)I('-
t^liiipcd pile. Tlie very larire and 8liar|)ly ddiiH d IViiiital liiimlc,
tlie face, iiit'ludinj^ flic checks, and the lower lialf of the occi|)iiL
are wliiLish; tlu; upi)er part of the latter lilackish, nhlmn^li
covered with whitish polIe?i. 'I'lie iieriiendicuhir diameter of the
eyes has aI)out doid)Ie the leiiirth of the horiz<»iita! one ; neverthe-
less, the cliceks are reniiiikahly l)roiid ; a Itrowiiish stripe runs
from jt ho h)wer corner of tiii; eye perpendicularly towards the
edge of the mouth ; the hairs, iiiserteil npon its lower end, arc
brownish-hlack or hlack. The first two antennal joints are clay-
yollowisli; the third joint is dark hrown, rather large, short-oval
in outline; arista bare, not iiicrassated at the basis, black. Oral
opeiung larger than in the i)reicdiiig species; its transverse
diameter comparatively larger; proljoscis and ])alj)i short, brown.
The very convex thora.x and the turgid seutellum are deep black,
pliining, with a very weak metallic, violet reflection; the remark-
ably broad lateral stripes and the anterior end of the broad middle
strifie are bare. The lateral Btripes are l)ordered with coarse,
yellowish, stubble-shaped pile, and the posterior two-thirds of the
middle stripe, besides being covered with white pollen, are
densely beset with similar hairs. The ordinar}' bristles of the
thoracic dorsum are black, and more numerous than usual, as
there are four pairs of them along the longitudinal ndddle line,
the anterior pair being inserted immediately in front of the
transverse suture. The shining black metathorax has, under the
swelling lyi'ig immediately under the seutellum, a crossband of
thick white pollen. The pleurue show upon tlie greater part of
their upper half, a thin, whitish-gray pollen, and are everywiiere
beset with stubide-like white hairs. The abdomen seems to be
covered everywhere with a thin gray dust, whicli is somewhat
more dense and more whitish-gray upon the posterior border of
the single segments ; its rather long Htubl)le-like pile is white.
The comparatively long and pointed o.ipositor is deep black,
shilling, and beset with short, fine, iilaek pile. Feet chestnut-
brownish. Wings short, rather iiroad in proportion to their
length; the altogether bhu'k venatinn is very .similar to that of
the immediately preceding spei ies, e.\'ce])t that the comparatively
broad niarirlMal cell is (livide(l in two halves by a perpendiciihir
crossvein, which toiichea the costii at a point perceptibly nearer

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

from tlic tip of the first than from tliat of tlic secoiul vein. I take
this crossvein to be a constant charat'ter of the spct-its, as it
exists on both wings of luy specimen, and as several closely alliid
Trypetidae, for instance Gonyyl. Wie.demanni and C'apnun. vfsu-
viana, have it likewise, although incompletely developed. The
picture of the wings is not unlike th.?; of T. atra, in its design
as well as in its coloring; the black s|)ot ui)on the ba<is of the
wings does not cover their extreme root, and extends, on the
anterior margin, only very little beyond the humeral crossvein ; it
hardly reaches beyond the first longitudinal vein, and dissolves in
several radiating points, which occupy the longitudinal middle of
the marginal and of the three basal cells and almost conic in ('()ii-
tact (except the hindmost), with similar rays, meeting them from
the opposite side and emitted by the first crossband; the first
black crossband has almost the same position as in the three ]»re-
ceding species, but it is much narrower, especially towards its
end, which reaches the posterior margin; its interior does not
show any brownish tinge. The second band runs over both cross-
veins, exactly as it does in those three species, and is connected
with the first on the anterior margin in the same manner as this
is the case in T. atra; the stigma, lying within this connecting
portion, is very slv "i the veins surrounding it have, on the
inner side, a very nairow hyaline border; the interior of the
second band is for the most part brownish. The last black band
begins in the marginal cell somewhat beyond the supernumerary
crossvein in this cell, and reaches some distance beyond the end
of the fourth vein; as far as this vein, it is separated from the
margin of the wing by a narrow hyaline border, which somewhat
projects on the inside on the second and third veins; beyond the
fourth vein the band comes in immediate contact with the margin
of the wing; the inside of this baud is brownish upon the ante-
rior two-thirds of its course.

Hah. Texas (Beirrage).

Obt^ervnlion. — The diflierences between the present species and
the three preceding ones are evident: they consist in an al)errant
arrangement of ihe bristles of the front and of the thoracic dorsnm,
in the size and shape of the third antennal joint, and in the jire-
sence of the crossvein, dividing the marginal cell ; nevertheh'ss
the atrreement between those species in most of the other plastic
characters, in the chape of the body and in the picture of the

DESCIUPXION OF THE SPECIES.

263

wings, is conviueiiif^ tnougli to remove all doubt us to its loca-
tiou iu the genus (Udaajjis.

23. T. Cingulafa Lw. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 11.)— Nigra, capile pedi-
busquo luteis, Ihoracirf iiiaigine hiterali suut«lloqu« piaeter iiiargiims
lateraleH et antic-um dilute llavi.s, luargine postico segiueiitoruia altdo-
luinalium siiiguluruui albidu ; alse hyalina;, inaoul^ parvu, upiuis fas-
ciisque quatuor fusco-iiigris, harum duabus primis postiue abbieviatio et
libei'is, duabud uUiiuis iutegris ut antice conjuuctis.

Blacik, head and feet clay -yellow; lateral border of tlie tliorax and the
suiitelluin. the latter with the exi!e|)tiou of the anterior and lateral
border, light yellow; abdominal segments whitish on the posterior
border ; wings hyaline ; a small spot ujion the apex and four crossbands
brownish-black ; tlie first two band8 abbreviated posteriorly and not
connected ; the two posterior ban<l3 are entire and connected ou the
anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.22; long. al. (t.l5 — 0.20.

Syn. Trijpeta cinijulata LoEW, Monogr. I, 7t' Tab. II, f. 11.

Ilab. Middle States; Loug Braucb, N. J., in July (Osten-
Sack(Mi).

Obxervation. — The doseription given by mo in the first i)art of
these Monographs will easily liol}) to identify this species. I
have nothing to add to it, but must call attention to tlie great
variation in the size of dill'erent specimens. The smallest ones
which I possess, are without exception nuilcs. T. ciiKjiduhi is
closely allied to the European species of lUingolctU, especially to
R. jlavicincta Loew ; ils systematic location is, therefore, not
doubtful.

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24. T. tabellaria Fitch. 9. — Atra, capite, trochanterihns, tibiis
tarsisque dilute luteis, thoracis margine laterali scutelloiiue pr;eter
margines laterales albis ; Hemnentoriiiu ali(l(imiiialiuiii siiigulDi iim mar-
gine postico exalbido ; alio puie hyaliuie, fasiiis iiuaumr latis nigris,
duabus primis postice, duabus ultimis antice cohierentibus.

Deep black; head, second joint of the coxse, tibiae, and tarsi yellow;
lateral bonier of the thorax and siMitelluni, witli the except;, .u of the
anterior and the lateral borders, white; the jjosterio.' borders of the
abdominal segments whitish ; wings of a pure hyalin*- with four broad,
black crossbands, of whicdi the first two are connected a* tlie posterior,
the last two at the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.15 ; I'.ug. al.
0.14—0.1.').

Syn. Tepliritis tabellaria Fitch, First Report, p. G6.

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NORTH AMEllICAN TRVPETIXA.

Sliining black; head yellowisli; occiput hliick, with a pale vr 1-
low border; front broad, more brigiit yellow ; only the spot upmi
whicii the ocelli are placed and the sniall, very narrow .stripes,
which run down from the vertex upon the front, are of a bhicki-li
color; the usual frontal bristles are black. Antenna; of a vivid
ochre-yellow ; th(jir la.st joint is elongated-oval, obtuse at tiie ciid ;
arista blackish, with a hardly perceptible pul)cscence. OimI
opening rather large, somewhat longer than broad; its antcrinr
edge drawn up, but not projecting in the profile. l'rol)oscis anl
jjul])! short, brown, the latter more day-yellow towards the tiji.
The thoracic r.')r.sum shows two longitudinal stripes, rather dis-
tant from each other, somewhat abbreviated posteriorly niid
covered with a thin, white pollen; upon the anterior part of the
thoracic dorsum a similar pollen covers not oidy the interval
between the stripes, but also extends beyond them. The whole
of this pollen, however, is but little conspicuous and seems to lie
easily rui)bed oil". The humeral angle anil a stripe running from
it towards the root of the wings, are white. The Hat seutelluiu,
with the exception of its lateral border, has the same color,
^[etathorax without any pollen, altogether shining deep blacli.
The usual bristles of the thorax and the four bristles of the scu-
tellum are deep black. The other hairs on the thoracic dorsum
are very short and delicate. Abdomen shining l)lack ; its lirst
two segments are more opaque, being clothed with a brownish-
black i>ollen. The first three segments, upon their posterior mar-
gin, have a crossband of a whitish pollen. The very short ami
soft hairs upon the abdomen are black; the ]taler crossbands
upon the ])osterior border of the first three segments show some
whitish hairs; the bristles upon the sides of the intermedi-
ate segments and upon the rather large last segment are
black. Ovipositor shorter than the last abdominal segment,
broad at the basis, much narrower at the end, shining black
and with a black pubescence. Second coxal joint pale clay-; ^'1-
lowish. Femora black, only the extreme tip yellowish-brown ;
tibiiB and tarsi pale clay-yellowish ; the former somewhat more
brownish at the basis; the bristles upon the upper side of the
liind tibiie are remarkably short. Wings pure hyaline, almost
whitish hyaline, with four entire black crossliands, the first of
which of a medium breadth, the thn f rth^r* very broad The
first baud is somewhat oblique ai'^ betjiari on ch'» liumeral cross-

If

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

205

Toin ; tlio seooiid is pcrpciuliculu.- iiid begins on the ptifrmn; both
cuiivcrLro posteriorly and coaK'scc (piile a distance tVoni tlic
jxistcrior margin, so tiiat tiie cunciforin hyaline space between
tlieni does not reach beyond tlie anterior angle of tlie basis of
the third posterior cell. The third black band runs over the
posterior crossveia and is ])aral!el to the second band, so that
between both there is a soiiu'what irregularly limited hyaline
crossliand, which is percei)til)ly dilat<'d between the third longi-
tndiind vein and the anterior nnirgin; it reaches the latter
immediately l)ehind the stigma; the posterior end of the third
blind shows some inclination to coalesce with the second band
near the posterior nuirgin. The fourth band comjtletely coalesces
with the third between the costa and the second loniritudinal
vein, and follows the nnirgin of the wing some distance beyond
the end of the fourth longitudinal vein; between the tips of tli<3
second and fourth veins, however, there i.5 a rather broad hyaline
interval between it and the margin; beyond this point, it touches
the margin completely.

llab. New York (Dr. A. Fitch); Canada (Mr. Provanchor).

Ob^i'rralion. — In the first volume of the Monographs I ex-
pressed the supposition that the Tephrilta labidlaria of Fitch
may not be a Trtjpeta at all, but an OrtaUda; this supposition,
however, proved to be erroneous ; it is a Trijpclida, "belonging
to the genus Rhagolelis.

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25. T. pomonella Walsh. 9 .— Fnsco-nigra. capite, trochanterilnis,
feiiioniui apice, tibiis, tarsiscpie lutei^^, thoracis margiiie lateral!, soutd-
loque praetur inargiuHs lattrales et antioum all)is, alulouiinis colore in
piceuin vergeute, seginentorum inarginihuH po.sticis coiifertiin all)i(lo-
poilinosis, terebrd, latissiina, sed brj'vi ; aim hyaliiia>. fasciis (piatuor
nigris, prima, subbasali, rwliquis tribus integria.autice conjuuctis, postice
divergentibup.

Brownish-black; head, s«cond joint of the coxne, tip of the f«mora, til)i^,
au'l tarsi clay-yellowish; lateral margin of the thorax and s-'ntelliiin,
the latter with the exception of its nsis ana' of its lateral inarL'ins,
whiie; altdomen more i)itch-brown. w th crosshai ds of wJiite pollen on
the posterior margins of the segniei.ts . ovipositor very broad, lint short ;
wings hyaline, with four black crossbands, the first of whiidi lies near
the basis, the last three are connected near the anterior iiiarfzin ;nid
divergent toward- the posterior one. Long. corp. 0.17, cum teiebii
0.19; lun<. al. 0.17.

Stn. Tri/jiela pomoue/la Walsh, First Rep. lUin. etc., p. 29-33, f. 2.

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NORTH AMERICA TKYl'ETINA.

I possess but a single specimen of this si)ocies. Its coloriri"
is nut fully develoi»e(J, although otherwise its preservali(ju is p(.i'-
feet. It is black, with a distiiu't brownish tinge; its aljdonieii is
more ])itch-brovvii and rather shining. Head pale yellowish, with
a narrow dark yellow front and more oehre-yellow ant( inue; the
third joint of the latter is narrow and rather long, rouiuied at the
end ; the slender arista is dark brown, vvitli a short, ulthough
distinctly discernible pubescence. The usual frontal bristk'S are
black; behind the ocelli, however, near the lateral nuirgin, two
shorter, whitish bristles are placed. Oral opening large, broader
than long. Palpi and proboscis pale yellowish, with a pale
pul)escencc ; the former do not project beyond the anterior cdg ;
of the mouth, the flaps of the latter somewhat proloiigeil. 'I'lio
thoracic dorsum shows fnir rather narrow longitudinal stripes,
formed by a whitish pollen; these stripes, arranged in i)airs, are
confluent anteriorly ; the outside strijjes are moderately ablire-
viatcd bei'ore the posterior margin of the thorax; the inside
ones reach only as far as the anterior pair of Ijristle.-, inserted
upon the longitudinal middle of the thorax ; each of ihc bristles
of this i)air is placed between the end of ihe corresponding
inside stripe and the outside one; the inside stri|K's aif
separated by a broad dark interval, which shows the sliiiiing
brownish-black color of the remainder of the thorax, ^\'lleu the
thorax is viewed from the front side, the light falling iu fnjm
behind, the pollinose stripes dp))ear somewhat more l)rnad; the
interval between the inside stripes appears somewhat nar-
rower and a little more opaque; at the same time, this pinnl of
view discloses upon the outside strijjes and upon the margin of
the inside ones, alongside of them, some short, siiow-whiic
pile, while the remaining pile of the thoracic dorsum is i)lack.
The hunuiral callosity and a stripe running from it to the rout
of the wing, is white. The rather flat scutellum is white,
blackish on the sides and at the basis. The bristles of the thorax
and the four bristles of the scutellum are black. The lirsl four
Kcgments of the abdomen have each, on the posterior nnii'gin, a
ratlicr uniformly l)road crossl)and, formed by whitish pollen ; the
last segment, winch has no such band, is ))aler brown along the
posterior margin. The comparatively scattered and nut very
short pile <in the abdomen is black; it is white oidy on the pale
Ci'u.ssbaud ou the posterior part of the first segment. The brisllcs

DESCRIPTION OF THE SI'ECIES. 207

OM tlio sidi's (if tlio iiiiddio and of the last scjrmt'iits an- Mack.
Ovipositor voiy siiort, aljoiit once and a lialf the Icnjrth of tho
last aI>doininal scu:ni<'iit, very conspicuously broad, not much
attenuated towards tlie end, very Iiroadly truncate and snniewhat
convex; its colorinj^ is a sliining l)ro\vnisli-l)iack or hiacii; the
pnl»eseence is black. In aj.f'reenient with the unusual hreudlli of
tlie ovipositor, tho last al)doniinal se<::nient is also very l)r(iad,
winch causes the whole alxlonien to hav(' u ])eeuliar nhape. Tlie
sec(ind coxal joint yellowisli ; ])osterior femora black with a clay-
yellow tip; front femora chi}' -yellow, with a lar<?e, broad, brown-
ish-black stripe upon the hind side; tibise and tarsi chiy-yellowish,
the tip of the latter dark brown. Hind tibia) on the ujipcr side
beset with rather lonj,' bristles.

Ilab. Illinois (Walsh) ; the larva, ori<rinalIy feedinii: upon the
fruit of a (Jratnguti, is now fre(iuenlly found upon the fruits of
the apple-tree, which it damajres.

Obaervalion. — The next relatives of T. pnmoneUa are found in
a series of South American species, only a sin<rlt^ one of which,
as far as I know, has been previously described; it is to l)e found
ill .^laccpiart's Dip/^rcs i:.ro/i(pic^, Suppl. IV, p. iiSS, Tab.
XX\'l, f. l.T, under the name of Crophara .^culeltartK. It is not
an Crophora however, and moreover, the name of scHfrllariti
cannot be maintained, as "Wiedemann has previously used it for
another species. Tho species may, therefore, be called Trijjicta
3I(icquarlii. Macfpiart's li<^uro shows, that this Braziliau.species
differs in the picture of its wings from the snecies of Ii/i(iiji>U;tis
l)reviously described, and that, in this respect, it is more like the
species of AcUUa. The structure of its body shows a corre-
sponding a])proach to the siiecios of this latter genus, while, on
the oilier hand, coloring and picture of tho body are most strik-
ingly like those of Itliogoh'tia. As this species is also very like
the North American Ilhagoh'tia in the structure of its i)ody, the
question arises whether it is better to i)Iace it in the genus Avidia
or in PJ)a(j(>h'ti)<. I prefer the latter course, because we thus
facilitate the generic determination of the allied species. Trijpcta
pnmDHpUa, as has already been mentioned above, is iiiiiung llie
iinmlier of such species, the picture of its wings lieing very l/kc
that of T. Macquartii. It is true that it diffi'rs not inconsiderably
from T. Mncqiinrtii in the greater length nf I lie I bird iintennal
joiut, tho cuusiderable size unci breadth uf the oral openiii|f, aiii]

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPF.TINA.

the strikiiiffly larj^o traiisvorrie (liamottfr of the short ovij)t)sif<ir;
but, liku Trijpeta Mac(/u(irtu, it a<jfrees with tlio true species df
lihaijoliiit^ ill tlie eoioriiig niul in the picture of the body, so tlmt
I prefer, lur tlie present, to leave it in tliat genus. It may he
ohjeelcd that, in tiiis ease, I lay a greater stress upon peeiiliiu'i-
ties of the c(jloring and mere dillereiiees of luibiluti tlian updii
jdastic cliaracters. In answer to this ol)jeetion 1 may state that
I fully appreeiate the value of plastic dillerences in matters (if
generic uroiiping of species, hut tliat the knowledge of the ex(jtic
Tri/prhe, as well as the existing descriptions of them, iiie imt
sutlieient for their generic distril)Uti(»n upmi plastic character.s
only. -Mi.st descriptions mention ))Mt very little about these
characters, the more so as in most cases they have to l)e dra\ii
from a few indifTerently preserved specimens, which do nut allnw
a sufficiently clear view ')f such chiiractcrs. And thus it hapjiens
that peculiarities of coloring and other habituid characters lieeunio
in many cases very useful for the generic distril)ution of exotic
Trijjn'lif, especially in cases where the only available plastic
characters are of a very delicate nature and hence more diHiinilL
to perceive. It is true that the exotic species thus treated are
merely (jroiiped, and not systematized; but this grouping in itself
is a progress towards the determination of the species, and is one
of the usual steps towards a systematic distribution.

26. T. iiiaecta Lw. J. (Tab. X, f. 8.)— Thorace nigro, capita,,
alidoiftiiie pt^(li1)US(iue luteis, alarum nigranitii inuisuris inarginalilm-;,
guttuli^(iue inter veiiaruin lonnituitinaliiiia tertiaui et iiuartaiii fiilnH
vel (iiiutuor pellucidid, vena longituiiinali tertiii uuila, Betis sciitflli
dualuis.

Tliorax black; head, abdomen, and feet clay-yellow; wings black, with
hyaline indentations along the margin and with three or four hyaline
drops between the third and fourth veins; the third vein nut bristly;
scutellnm with two bristles. Long. oorp. 0.14; long. al. 0.14.

Syn. Tnjjietd visictu Lo^.w, Monogr. I, p. 72. Tab. II, f. 8.

Hah. Cuba(Poey). [Ilayti ; P. R. Uhler.— 0. S.]
ObMTvalion 1. — 7'. inaccta belongs to the t^'pical species of

the genus Arixirn, the sctitellum of which Itears only two bristles.

The picture of the wings of this genus is characteristic.

( H>:^iTriiliiiii •_'. — .\iiollier Tnijii'lii of the same geiiM< omii's

in iJrazll, wliidi may be easily mistaken for Tri/jifta iiiKcdu. I

prefer, thcrefure, to dcscril»e it here : —

DESCRH'TION (»P THE BI'ECIES.

2(;9

1*1 -i ,

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Tt pllCCIliciira n. sp. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 12.)— Ni;,'ra, cnin'lt' jihcU-
liUMjiie (KOii'iiufis, aliirutu iiigiiiniin iiiuir^ini.'i iiiiugiuiilibu-' uiiti uliMjiie
iuter VKiiti.s loiigitudiiiiiles tiTtiaiii ttt qtiiirtaiii trilius pi'lluuiili.s, vt'iiiL
loiigitiKliiiiili tei'liii iiudd, sHti.t NcutKlli (luiil>iis.

^ . AbtlDiiibU HX Iwiruniiieo niruiii, SfgiiiiMito tiltiino iiii^ro.

J. AbiloiufU nigrum, basi f«riiigiiiH4, terebia lata laste anrantiaca.

Black, head and feet oclireou.s-yellow ; winu^ black, witli li.v.iliiu; indt;n-
tatit)n.s along the margin and with three liyalino drops between tlie third
and fourth longitudinal veins; the third longitudinal vein id not
bristly ; the suutelluni has two bristle.s.

^. Abdomen ferrnginons, its last segment black.

J. Abdomen black, ferruginous at the ba^is; the broad ovi|u)Hitor is of
a vivid orauye-yellow. Long. uorp. J, U.14, 9 0.15 — U.IG ; lony. al.
0.14.

Black; head of an impure ochre-yellow; the orciput alono mostly
blackish ; front narrow, especially anteriorly ; frontal bristles black.
Kyes very large, clieeks veiy narrow. I'aoo sliort, concave ; nevertheless,
the anteiior oral edgo not jiroj ftiiig in the proflle. The antennse reach
down to the oral edgi' ; their tliiid joint Is rounded at the tip ; the blackish
arista is long and nleiider, app.iiently bare. Oral opening of medium
size, rounded; proboscis not geniculate. The thora:< and the two-
bristly scutellum are black, their short jiile yellowish-white, their bristlea
rather black; the somewhat rounded abdomen of ilie uiale is of a <lirty
ferruginous color (in living specimens its color may be purer) ; its last
segment is black. The extent of the black color is greater in the female
abdomen, the first segment, the basis of the second, and the anterior
corners of the third alone, being ferruginous. The short pile of the
abdomen is paler, almost yellowish in the male, somewhat brown in the
female ; on the posterior border of the last segnu'nt of the abdomen of the
female there are some black haiis, Tli? flattened, comp.'iratively broad
ovipositor, attenuated towards its end, has a shining surface; its color is
a very bright orange-yellow, the tip alone shows a narrow black border ;
its short pubescence is pale. Coxse an<l feet ochreous-yellow ; the
extreme tip of the posterior femora is somewhat blackish. Wings com-
paratively long and narrow, towards the end somewhat less broad and less
obtuse than those of T. in<ect<i, bhu'k, with a hyaline picture ; near the
costa, anterior to the stigma, there are three small hyaline spots, the first
anterior to the humeral crossvcin. the two others in the costal <'ell;
innuediately lieyonci the stigma, which is altogether black, there are two
conspicuous triangular hyaline spots, which, witli their pointed end, do
not quite reach the third loni;itn(linal vein ; on the posterior margin of
the wing there are six hyaline indentations, the last of which alone ends
in a point; the first two are connected wiili the almost by'iline posterior
angle of the wing, reacli as far as the fifth InngltudinMl vein, and are
Separated by a much broader black band than the other indeiit.-itions ; the
two following iudeutatiou:] crobs beyoud the fifth T«iQ, the firat btilow tUo

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NORTH AMEKirAN TKVl'KTINA.

Binall croHSTHin, the HHonnd iuiiiitvUntHly lieforH tliH eiiil of the rlincal cf\\;
tlie lifth iiiileiitatioii M\ov/n lli« oiitiT hMh of thct (.THiit crossveiii (wliirh
runs oliliiiuely liiickwarils) ; tin- Hixtli, sH|>iirnttMl fioiu tin* iirnfediim liy
a lilat'k liHiiil of inoiler.'ttH lir^ailth, is almost ti'iaiik;ular ; tUn tliivf >iii,'ill
)i^aliiie (lots hftw»4)'ii tliH tliinl auil foiinli vnins lii>, thtt Mist iiu'Iit tli«
stigma, the st'comi bftWffn tliti Us o crossvi-ins, m-ar tii« lniiilli Vt-in, tlie
third ahovf the laat of thu hyaliue excisioiid along tliu |)osteriur margin.
llub. liuuil.

Tlio colorinj? of the alxlonion of T. iniiocia and phnn}irimi
Scoiiirt to bt! soiiu'wluit variable, and lionce not to lie reliid on ii> n
speeifie eliaracter; the ni(ire marked uro the dillerenees in the uiiU
line and picture of the wings.

ST. T. poecilOi^aHtra n. sp. % . — Lntca, Hontelln petis spx instnioto,
aliilomine nigro-variegato, alis Litis ftiscis, ina^iiualiter liniiiido-u'iittatis,
venisquH hmgitudinalibus prinii, tertill et iiuintil, contVi'tiin nigro-Hftosis,

Clay-ypUow, scutellura with six liristles, alidoinnn vari«gated with Mack;
wings hroail, lilackish-hrowii, with uimvt^nly distribntHd hyaline dropi ;
the first, third, and fifth longitudinal THiua densely be^et with black
bristles. Long. oorp. 0.21 ; long. al. 0.24.

Clay-yellow; the color of head and antenna) more oclirc-yclkiw;
the last joint of the latter elonn;atcd, rounded at the tip; thi' Vnvj:
brown arista beset with a very short pubescence. Tlie face is
rather retreating nearly as far as the vicinity of the anterior idire
<if the mouth ; the latter is somewhat turned upwards and alji'iiptly
projecting when seen in profile. The vertical diameter of the
eyes has double the length of the horizontal one; henco, tlie
cheeks are very narrow. Proboscis tumid ; palpi rather luMad
and short, although they project a little beyond the anterior cdtro
of the mouth. The usual frontal bristles are black. The two
pairs of bristles on the middle line of the thoracic dorsum are
weak and of a blackish-brown color, like the other thoriicic
bristles; the anterior pair is at an unusual distance luliiini
the transverse suture. Scutellum rather flat, with six bnuvii
bristles. Metathorax with two brown longitudinal striiios.
Abdomen with a complicated black picture, the only visible por-
tions of the ground color being an uninterrupted middle line ol'
ivlmost trapezoidal spots, and on both sides of it, two rows of
ether spots ; the spots of the outer row lie on tlie anterior ;iii;rli-!
of the single segmeutsj those of the inner row ou the anicrii'r

■\ir'

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

271

hordors of tlio sogmoiits. Fret palo clay-yellowish. ^Vitl^rs
broad, bInckisli-l>rowii, with Inrjre mid Miiail liyaliiic d(tt>, uiie(|nally
(listril>iit('d ; the costal cell is pale hiiwn hotwecii the cxtrfiiie
imsis and a trifle beyond tlio hnineral crossvein; nc.^it I'olldws
upon the costa a S(iniire bntwn spi>t, and then a sipiare liyalino
space, somewhat eneroaciiiof^ upon the stigtnatieai (•('!!, so as to
include the end of the an.viliary vein, which runs perpendicularly
towards the margin of the wing; the stignmtieal cell is other-
wise tinged with hIacUish-brown and has, close to the anterior
niiirgin, two hyaline drops; ininii diately beyond the tip of the
first longitudinal vein, near the anterior muu" 'i, there is a hyaline
drop, reaching as far as the second longitudinal vein, the largest
in the whole picture of th»; wing; in the vicinity of the apex of
till' wing the drops are larger than in the middle and more close
togrther; so that a row of dots, reaching from the ti|t of the
seeniid vi'in to the posterior angle <>f the second posterior cell, and
moreover four dots along the margin of the wing, may be dis-
cerned; among the latter, the lirst lies in the sul»inarginal cell and
is connected with a little dr ip i>ehind the third vein; the secoiul
lies at the extreme tip of llie wing ; the last two in the second
posterior cell; a second group of larger drops lies in the third
posterior cell, immediately below the stigma; it consists of four
(Irojis, l)etween which the black ground color is more or less
faint, and of two other drops on the anterior side of the fifth
vein; between this group of drops and the fifth longit dinal vein,
there is, near tlie margin of the wing, a single larger drop ; the
posterior angle of the wing is brownish-gray, with several rather
large limpid drops; the middle of the wing shows only small and
isolated drops. The first, third, and fifth longitudinal veins are
very closely beset with rather strong l)ristles ; the second is
strongly curved; the third and fourth diverge towards their end;
the small crossvein is but little beyond the middle of the very
broad diseal cell, and the posterior crossvein has a very steep
position ; the anal cell is drawn out in a narrow and very long
lobe.

Ifat). Cuba (Oundlacli).

Observalio)}. — The si.\ bristles upon the scntellum, as well as
the dense bristles upon the first, third, and fifth longitudinal
veins, distinguish T. pfprilor/nNfro from all the following species,
provided with a reticulate picture of the wings. It is very

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

closj'Iy allied to tho species of Ilexavhsrta, in which, however, as
far as I know them, the fifth vein has bristles upon the bas^is only
while in the present species the bristles almost reach tu the tip.
Vur this reason, as well as on account of the different charactLT
of the ))icture of the wings, I do not deem it convenient to place
it in tlie genus Hexachirta. Whether y\v. Saunders's genus
Dasyneura would better answer for it, I am unabl'; to say, as I
have not been able to i)rocure the j)ul>lication which contains it.
For the present therefore I set this species up as the type of a
new genus, which 1 call JUrpharunturu.

US. T. testlldinea n. sp. (Tab. XI, f. 13 )— Ex Inteo fusra, c.ipite,
tlioracii) dorso, pedibu^iqUH hitei.s, terel>r& duobiis uitimis iil>d()iuii)in
segmentis seuifl siniitiH paulo longiore; alffi valde dilatatie, e iii;:ro
fnsca!, strigis dual>U!4 byaliuis iiide a inargiim celliilie p(i:«tci'iiiri!j
secuiidse usquu a<l VKiiani b)iigitudiiialein t iiiaiii asuendeiitibiis, ])iiti)o
liiiilii fo.stalis dimidio grosse nigro uiaculato, disco alarum giitlulis
niiiiutis pelliicidiEi uoiifcrtiui asperso.

Yellowish-brown, head, thoracin dorsum, and feet clay-yellow ; the ovi-
positor only a little longer than the last two abdominal segments taken
together; wings very broad, blarkish-brown ; two hyaline indentalions
reach from the posterior side of tlie second posteridr cell to tlic tliiid
longitudinal vein ; the anterior half of tlie r>'uii>n ainng tlie nnta shows
a number of large, black spots: the cential poitiiMi of the wing is
occupied by many small, hyaline drops. Long. corLi. cum turifbrjl 0.21 ;
long. al. 0.19.

A species very muc!i resembling the 2'. iatipcnnis Wied., hut
difTering in the smaller size and the less minute dots on the
central portion of the wing. The coloring of the body is ycl-
k)wish-brown, but may be somewhat darker in fully colored spe-
cimens. The ground color of a great part of the upi)er siile (jf
the thorax is blackish, but very much concealed under a thick
clay-yellow pollen. Front opaque, of c moderate breadth, still
narrower anteriorly; tho usual frontal bristles are brown. Kyes
large, elongated; cheeks very narrow, with much ])ile; face short,
descending rather perpendicularly, but distinctly excavated undm'
the antennae ; the anterior edge of the mouth not projecting.
Antenna; ochre-yellow, of a medium length, but, owing to the
shortness of the face, reaching to the anterior edge of the niontli ;
the third joint has a rather rounded anterior corner; the mode-
rately long arista thin and bare. The middle of the thoracic

DESCUll'TIUN UF TIIK Sl'KClES.

273

(iorsum shows tract's of a pair of brislk'S. Scutelimn but littlt*
ciiiivcx, proviilfd with four bristles. Motathora.x bUit-kish v ilh
a grayisii-yt'llow pollen. The color of the pleuraj, in the described
siteeiuieii, does not dill'er much from that of tiie remainder of the
body; it seems, nevertheless, that, in more fully colored speci-
mens, a considerable portion of the pleurre may be blackish ; they
are thickly clothed with a clay-yellow pollen; the pile and the
bristles upon them, like those on thorax and scutelluin, are yel-
Iuwisli-l)rown. The al)domen shows a trace of four dark longitu-
dinal stripes, formed by very much faded blackish spots; the pile
upon it is somewhat shorter and rather blackish upon the anterior
half of the siii<.rlc segments; ujjon their posterior half, it is some-
what longer a;id almost whitish; yet the long bristles on the
j)osterior border of the last segment are l»lackish-l)ro\vn. The
Hat ovipositor, which in the allied T. lalipennia Wied. ecjuals
the last four alidominal segments in length, is l)ut a little longer
lu're than the last two segments taken together; it is of the same
cnlur with the al)doinen, somewhat blackened at the root and tip.
and l)eset everywi'.ere with short blackish pile. Feet brownish-
ochre yellow. Wings very iiroad, very liki- those of 2'. latijiennis
in outline, venation, and picture; proportionally, however, they
arc not quite as broad and not (juite as convex on the anterior
margin; upon the apical tliird of the wing there are three cross-
bands, connected anteriorly and scjtarated by narrow, liyaline
intervals, beginning at the posterior margin; the first band is
contiguous, on it.s outer side, to the posterior crossvein, and
expands across it near its posterior end ; the second runs across
the middle of the second posterior cell, the tliird liorders the apex
of the wing. The remaining portion of the surface of the wing,
beyond the second longitudinal vein, has a somewhat darker
lirownish tinge, and is covered with a multitude of small hyaline
drops, which partly coalesce into longitudinal rows, and in some
places, as at both ends of the small crossvein and here and there
on the longitudinal veins, leave unbroken brown spots. Upon
the posterior margin, there is a broad brown b(»rder, bearing a
few larger, but not very well-defined drops, which are also less
hyaline than those of the centre of the wing; on the posterior
nntMe of the wing the border is somewhat faint. The brownish-
black stigtna coalesces with a spot of the same color immediately
behind it, which spot crosses but little the second iongitudiual
18

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYI'ETINA.

vein ; two large spots of the same color lie in the cxtorior oi,<tiil
cell and fill out a large portion of it; a double spot of ilnj sumu
color is in the marginal cell immediately beyond the sli^Mim;
finally, there are two large spots of the same kind on the Mcmiil
longitudinal vein, the one upon its root, the other below dir
double spot in the marginal cell. The basis of the exterior rii>«ial
cell is irregularly reticulate with very small drops. A small liya-
line spot is situated between the double spot of the niargina! (cM
and the end of this cell, filled out by the common origin (if the
three crossbands which occupy the apex of the wing. Tlio third
longitudinal vein is distinctly bristly, gently curved forward bifipre
its end and as gently backwards ; jiosterior crossvein long, but
not as long as in 2'. latipennis Wied.

Hub. Cuba (Otto); in the Berlin Museum.

Observation. — The present species forms, with T. Inliprnrna
Wied. and a group of related species from South America, an
easily recognizable genus, very well characterized by the liitailili
of its large wings, their outline, which reminds of Phaxia, and
their peculiar picture. These species also have the structure of
the head and the bristly third vein in common. I adopt for iliis
genus, apparently exclusively American, the name of Acroln nui.
in allusion to the most striking peculiarity of the picture of the
wings.

29. T. sparsa Wied. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 13.)— Pnsca, alse latis?iin,T,
subrotnndatse, nigra, albido-gnttnlatre, apice alhido-niargiuato oniatje.

Brown ; wings very broad, almost ronnd, blaok, with whitish drops, and
the apex margined with white. Long. corp. % 0.15 — 0.27 ; 9 oum
terebri 0.19—0.30 ; long. al. 0.16—0.26.

Btv. Trypeta sparsa Wirdbmann, Anss. Zweifl. II, p. 492.
Trypeta caliptera Sat, Jonrn. Acad. Plnl. VI, p. 187, 3.
Plati/atoma latipennis Macqoart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 200. Tab. XXVI,

f. 8.
Arinia nov<rborae€nsis Fitch, Pirsv Report, 67.
Trypeta sparsa LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 78. Tab. II, f. 13.

ffnb. Northern Wisconsin River (Kennicott); Texas (Tlcl-
frnge).

Obi^ervnh'ov 1. — Tn/peta sparm Wied. is cither a very vari-
able species, both in its size and in the shape of its wings, or else
several species are mixed up here, whic'i, owing to the insnlli-

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

275

ciency of my niatoriiils, I am unable to distinguish. The
doscriptior. jriven in tlie first vohiine of tlicsc; Monograpiis reft-rs
to the specimen from Norliiern Wiscoiisin Kiver. Anotiier spe-
cimen from the same locality, much smaller and paler and with
less broad wings, has been mentioned in a note, aj>pended to the
same de.scrij>tion. The mention concerning the size of the spe-
cimen, however, lias been omitted there. The drops on the wings
of that specimen are larger and more rounded than in ordinary
specimens and show less tendency to form longitudinal rows ; the
costal cell also contains such drops, while in the larger sjx'cimens
it shows at the almost some pale drops along the auxiliary vein.
Nevertheless, even now, I would not consider this specimen but
. as a variety of T. sjiarsa.

Ohttrrration 2. — Wiedemann's collection contains at present,
under the name of T. xparsa, a pair of specimens, the communi-
cation of which I owe to the kindness of the Vienna Museum.
In the list of species sent to me, they were markcnl as coming
from Brazil. As Wiedemann prepared his description from a
single female of unknown nrigiif, it seems hardly probable that the
female specimen now existing ia his collection is the typical one.
It is more likely, on the contrary, that the couple of specimens
from Brazil now to 1 o found in the collection was later added to
it by Wiedemann. Both sexes most closely resemble my Wis-
consin specimens, except that the wings are still broader, which
is caused by the greater breadth of the costal and stigmatical
cells; their anterior margin is distinctly more convex. These
specimens seem therefore to belong to a South American species,
very closely allied to the North American one. ITowever, my
conviction tlmt such is the case has been somewhat shaken by a
number of specimens from Texas, collected by Air. Belfrage.
The larger ones have the wings a little broader than the larger
specimens from Wisconsin, and the pellucid drops are less regu-
larly distributed ; the costal and stigmatical cells are not broader;
a small and incompletely colored specimen has much narrower
wings than the larger specimens; yet they a''e i)roader than the
wings of the above-mentioned smaller specinit'ii from Wisconsin.
Whether the specimens from Wisconsin and Texas belong to the
same si)ecies, will have to be proved Iiy further observation.

Obxervation 3. — The present species, together with T. rotun-
dipennis, as well as the species represented liy the above-

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iHt'iilioncd specimens from IJraxil, imw culled T. sjim-.^a in
"Wiedemunn's culleetiun, form u sepurate genus, the eliaraetiis of
wliieli may bo easily gatiieivd from tlie deseriptiuns of 'J'. .>■/-(/ oa
and rnlundipeunis in the tirat volume. 1 eall it Eutrcla, m
allusion to the cliaracterislic picture of the wings.

30. T. rotiiiidi|ieiiiiis Lw. % . (Tab. X,f. 14.)— Fnst-a, alis latis-
siiiiis, rotuixlatis, nigri^t, albiilo-giittatin, iu uiargiuibu.s auticoet apiciili
niaculas luinutax albidaa gureutibud.

Brown, winjjs very broad, ronnded, black, dotted with wbitc; tbw nutfrinr
and apical uiarniiis are btiset wilU Biuull wLitish spots. Long. torp.
0.28; long. al. (>.'26.

Syn. Tn/peta rotiindlpennis LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 79. Tab. II, f. 14.

Ilab. Middle States (Osten-Sacken).

Ohaervation. — Since the above-quoted description was drawn,
I have not received any addition to the .single, iniperl'ect spcciinen
in my collection, and have, tlierefore, nothing more to add aliniu
it. The systematic position of this species has beeu discussed
above, in the third observation to T. sjjaraa.

31. T. cillta WiED. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 3.)— Ex rnfo-lntea; c.ipnt
nigro-maculatuin ; al» luteae, in inargine aiiticu toto, in apicu et in
niargiiiia postii'i flinuilio apicali elHijaiitwr radiaite, in disco niaculis
aliqnot magnis fnscfKcentibuH, niHcul4 uiinuti atra, guttinque aliijiiot
liuipidis, fusoo-circumscriptis, iiotatse, in angulo postico coufertius liui-
pido-guttatae, vend longitudinal! tertid nuda.

Reddish-yellow; head with black spots; wintjs clay-yellow, the anterior
margin, the apex, and the apical portion of the posterior niarijin are
handsomely adorned with ray-like streaks; npon the middle thire .ire
some brownish spots, a small black dot, and a moderate number of
hyaline drops, margined with black; oft the posterior ancle numerous
hyaline drops ; the third longitudinal vein not bristly. Long. corp. %
0.21, 9 cum terebri 0.31 ; long. al. 0.29—0.32.

Syn. Trypeta culla Wibdemawn, Aubs. Zweifl. II, p. 4S(), 16.

Acinin Jimhriata Macjuart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 228. h. Tab. XXXI, f. 5.
Trypeta culta LoEW, Monogr. etc., I, p. 94. Tab. II, f. 29.

Reddish-yellow, opaque ; the head somewhat paler yellow.
The front of moderate breadth, dark yellow; the two l)ristlo3
before the ocelli, directed forwards, and three strong bristles on
the lateral margin of the front, are black ; the other frontal
bristles yellowish. The frontal luuule and the anterior part of

KfCj^ll

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SPKriES.

277

tlio Intornl frontal bonier arc sliiiiiriL'; upon the first, almost
without cxecplion, n very small, deep hlnek lon^nludinal dot is
perceptible ; near the antennae, at the orbit of the eye, there is
a deep black dot and a black spot in the middle of the posterior
orbit The face is deeply excavated, shinin<r and sometimes with a
distinct steel-blue rellectioii ; upon its middle, lielow tlieantennip,
there is a rounded i>laek spot, on each side an ehnijrated, larfrer one,
descending frouj the lower anjrle of the eye to the oral margin ; the
oral opeidng is very large, somewhat drawn upwards anteriorly.
Palpi yellowish, broad, reaching to the anterior edge of the oral
opening, with black pile at the tip, and with yellowish hairs else-
where. Proboscis brown, sometimes yellowish-brown, rather
stout, not geniculate. The thorax unicolorous, yellowish-reil
or reddish clay-yellow, opacpie; the usual bristles, of which there
are two pairs on the middle of the dorsum, are black, the short
pile is pale yellowish. Scutellum somewhat paler 3-ellow and
rather shining, with erect yellowish bristle-like pile upon the
middle and with four black bristles ; the two apical ones are
inserted upt)n black dots, while round the basis of the two ante-
rior ones only a darker shade of the ground color is perceptible.
The abdomen has the same coloring as the thorax and no spots,
or only a trace of two longitudinal, contiguous rows of somewhat
darker spots; all the pile and bristles upon it are yellowish ami
only a certain number of the bristles upon the jio.sterior border
of the last segment are usually blackish. The flat ovipositor is
almost as long as the four posterior abdominal segments taken
together, red, blackish towards the tip. Feoi, as well as the
bristles en the under side of the front femora, yellow ; often,
however, .some of the bristles are black ; the front femora have, a
short distance before their end, on the outer side, a sniall black
dot; the posterior femora, on the under side, have two black
dots, the one before the middle, the other before the tip. The
wings are rather long; their yellowish-red, almost gamboge-yel-
low color ends in rays along the anterior margin, the apex and
the posterior portion of the hind margin ; these rays are separated
by hyaline intervals; between the humeral crossvein and the end
of the auxiliary vein there are three narrow rays, running per-
pendicularly from the auxiliary vein to the costa, the first of
which is less dark than the others; moreover, the extreme nxit
and the extreme tip of that cell are marked by a blackish-brown

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vro^sliho; tliu short Mii^^mutioui citll, wliidi is sotiiewhat yi>Ili)\vii.|i,
is (ilvidod ill twu liulvos by a narrow dark bruwit lino un*i Ih
inarl<i(i at both tnds by a ray; in the marginal coil, i)t'sidr-' a rav
ut llie end of tlic first longitudinal vein, which is iiifonipli'tciv
fonm-d and margined with brown on its outer side only, there are
tliree yellow rays, margined with brown and running towards the
onterior margin; tin; lirst two are attenuated towards the margin
and much narrower, the third is much broader; the five fnilowing
rays are again so narrow, that only the first among them pre-
serves a trace of the yellow coloring of its inner side; tluy
gradually grow longer and end: the lirst at the tip of the second
longitudinal vein, the next two between this and the third vein,
the fourth exactly upon the tip of tlie third, the last a little before
the tip of the fourth vein; the hyaline intervals between the last
of these rays sliow upon their middle a faded cioud. The rays
ui»on the latter jxirtion of the posterior margin gradually grow
ehortiT, are rather broad and altogether brown, but not as dark
as the narrow rays of the anterior margin or the dark borders of
the broader rays wHich follow upon the latter; they are five in
iiuiiil)er, or six if the last of them, which is very short, is counted
for one; the second and third are less completely separated from
each other than the rest, and the fifth, which includes the tip of
the fifth vein, is the broadest of all. Upon the middle of the
wing the following hyaline drops are visible : 1. Between the
second and third longitudinal veins a very small one (sometimes
a second one beyond it) below the end of the auxiliary vein and a
scj'ond, somewhat larger one below the second ray, which runs, in
the marginal cell, towards the anterior margin; 2. IJetween the
third and fourth veins, nearer to the latter, there arc three drops
in a row; the middle one is nearly opposite the middle of the
discal cell, the first one beyond the anterior end of this cell, and
the last one at an equal distance before its posterior end ; 3. In
the second posterior cell only a single drop almost in its inner
corner; 4. In the discal cell four or five, two of which upon its
longitudinal axis (one near the anterior, the other near the
posterior end) and three inconstant ones on the posterior margin
of the cell (the first sometimes wanting, the second being the
largest) ; sometimes a very small drop in the posterior corner of
the discal cell is added to them. All these drops are t .uircled
with dark brown or almost black, in such a manner, that this

'J ?i

DESCRIPTION or THE SPECIES.

279

dark ring ItcooMies piilur rouiul those drops which nrc more dis-
tant from the anterior iiiargia. TIjc convex spot in tiie first
posterior cell is riitlier hirjre ; it contains u comparatively small
roundcd-ovute deep black dot. Moreover, in the suhmarfrinal
cell, in the lir.st und second posterior cells, und in the discal cell,
dillerently colored spots (one in euch) may bo noticed, which, at
ail obli(|no view, assume a dark coloring. In the third posterior
cell, in the posterior angle of the wing, and on the alula, there is
a number of hyaline drops, among which only thost; place(l
immediately behind the fifth vein show a trace of a brown border.
The double costal spine is strong and comparatively long, the
small crossveln is placed upon the last third of the discal cell ;
the posterior crossvein is steep, but distinctly sinuate ; the third
longitudinal vein is not bristly.

llab. Savannah (Wiedeiuaun); Carolina (Macquart); Texas
(Belfrage).

Ohscrvutwn. — 3'. culta is closely allied to the European T.
pujiillula Fall, and striyilata Lw., anti this relationship is suffi-
cient to justify its location in the genus Carjinlricha, fornie(l by
nie for the reception of these species, as well as of T. (jiitlnlaria
Meig. However, in consequence of this addition, the definition
of the genus, as given by me in the Monograph of the Kiiropean
Trypetae, will have to be somewhat modified. In T. ciilla the
scutellura is less convex, and, although smooth, it is not polished ;
the tip of the al)domen is not shining. The nature of the ])ile
and the pattern of the picture of the wings, the structure of the
head, and the arratigement of the frontal bristles furnish sullicient
data for the modification alluded to.

32. T. BOlidaginis FiTcn. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 16.)— F(mli<l»» ferru-
ginea, capile pedibiisqiie lntHis* ; fnnis latissiiiia; sciitelli vjililtMioiivexi
setiB (tuie ; alae fn.sco-rftionlat.-B, apice incisursqUH tribns. mi^ inargiuis
antici duabusque postici, liyalinis ft parce fuseo-inaoulatis.

Of a dinsry ferruginons-red ; head and f**et clay-y«lltiwisli ; front exceed-
ingly broad ; scutellnin very oonrfx, with two t)riatles ; wintis reticu-
late with brown; the tip and tliree iiidenfatioiin, one on tlie anterior
and two on the posterior margin, hyaline, sparxnly dotteil witli brown.
Long. Corp. % 0.24—0.25, J cuin terebia 0.26—0-28 ; long. al. 0.25—
0.26.

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYI'KTINA.

Syn. Tt}>hritii a»tfri» IIauuih, Iiih. Injur, to Vng., 3(1 Hilit., p. <)20.
^If ifiiii Kilidaijinii t'lTcii, Kirsl K»*|Miit. M.
'J'ri/iH'.ta sul'diii/iuia l.oKW, MoiiuKra|>lis, etu., I, p. b'2. Tali. II, f. li'i.

If'ih. NfW York (Fitcli) ; AVa>liiiifrt()ii (OHti'ii-Suckcn) ; N^w
Kiigland (lliirris). [('miada. — (). S.]

OhHtTralinii I. — To the description of this H|)c<'i«'S in tin"
MoiioijraiJiK, Vol. I, \ may add, hy way t»f corrt'ction, that ilic
coHtuI spiiio of the winirs is not nltop'thcr wanting, hut that it is
very sli(»rt and weak, and licncc, in some spcciniens, hardly visiliic
The words "tlui first lonj;itndinal vein alone l)einjj haiiy," in tlie
observation to tlie al)ove description, only meant that the lirislhs
upon that vein were more like liairs, and not that this vein ahuie
is provideil with bristles; the third vein also, bears weak, hair-
like bristles.

ObHervatio}} 2. — liaron Osten-Sacken, havinj? seen the orifriiial
specimen of TijiliriliH asliriti Harris in Mr, JIarris's eolieclinn
in the museum of natural iiistory in lioston, has settled its iden-
tity with Acinia soliilayinin Fitch. Harris's name, alt'ioufrh
based upon an error in the name of the plant upon which this tly
undergoes its transfornmtions, wouUl have to be retained, but fur
the circumstance that Mr. llaliday hud jjreviously used it fur
anotlier I'lurojtean Tri/jxta.

OhMTvalion H — Amonjj the genera e.'^tablished for tlie Iliiro-
poaii TrijiH'tina, 0.ri//)hora is the only one in which 7'. tiolidd-
ginis might, perhaps, be placed. Among the Kuropean sjiecies
O.rijiihora Schsefferi Frnf. is nearest to it in its general nppcar-
ance; the outline of the wings reminds somewhat of O. H'cs/* /-
manni. The much heavier body, the strikingly broad front, and
the much broader cheeks, as well as the peculiar sliai)e of the
wings, which are broadly rounded at the tip, the heavy, conical,
not at all Huttened ovipositor of the female, isolate this ppecios
sufficiently to justify the formation of a new genus, for which I
propose the name of Eurosta.

83. T. comma Wifd. 9. (Tab. XI, f. 2.)— Sordide rnfa ant fusoa,
capite niagno, thoracis dorso, tibiia, tarsisqiiH lutesceiitiliu.s; ala;()l)tu-rt',
ex fuspo nigrae, gnttuli.s niiiiutis niodice dilutiorilius ad^pertiSB, ninciila
costal! trigone coinnia fnscum inuludfiite, limbo apiois ai)gustlssiiiio,
guttulisque aliquot coiifertioribu.s propH veiiiB longitudinal's scxt.T
apicnni, liyalinis ; venft longitudinali tertii setosa,; scutelluiu setis
duabus iustructura ; tercbra couica, uon deprussa.

DEsruirrioN of thk srrxiEs.

2sl

Pinjjy rfd or brown, bead InrpH, thoracic dorsum, tibi», ami tarsi c!ay-
y««il(>wi.sli ; wiii^H olitUMH, lirowiiiHit-lilack, covert*)! witli Hiiiall, tnoili>-
r.'iti-ly liiii|>i<l dropK; a t^ian^lllar iiuleiitiitioii on tliu oonta voiitaiiis a
brown ('omnia; a narrow lioriltT alont{ tliH apex an<l a lirnso clustKr of
(lid])!* near tlio tipoftlo' sixtii vt^in, are iivaline; the thiril lon^ituilinal
Vein Ia liristly ; Buutelliim witli two lirintle.s; oviimsitor conical, n'lt
llatt.'neii. Long. corp. 9 uuui terel.rA (l.;{2— 0.:)4 ; long. al. 0.30— t". 31.

Syn. Tri/i'iid riimma Wikkrma.nn, Ansn. Zweill. I(, p. 478, 4.
A'hiid ciniimii MAcm'AUT, IHpt. Kxot. II, 3, p. 2lil(, (!.
Tri/i>ela cmnma Lokvv, Monographs, etc., 1, p. 93. Tab. li, f. 28.

This roiispiouous species wa.s (U'st'ril)i'(l hy Wicdcinaiiii fmm a
viTV inili'-coiort'd spcciiiii'ii, wiiich 1 Imve liiitl occasiiui to
t'Xamiut'. 'riic culoriiijj; viirics from a tliii^fy l)ri('k-rc(l uliiiii>i to
diirk Itrowii ; tlio ui)(li>nicij espociiilly is ol'li'ii diirk. Tin- lar^i-
licad i.s ycllDW ; (iio front is iiioro tliaii liaif r.s hroad is tiii; lnad,
usually of a darker yellow; the usual l)ristles upon il are liinwn
or brownisli, weak, and ratliur short. Antonnn; clay-yellow, very
short, not i-vcn reu(dnn<jf to the middle of the face. Face per-
]iendieular, very littlocxcavated ; oral openinj^of a very moderate
siz", and the anterior edj^o of the mouth not itrojectinp: ; oeidar
orl)its very hroad. Kyes olonfrated, hut the cheeks of a consider-
ahlc breadth, although hy far not e(pnillinj^ those of the preeedinjr
species; the pile up<tn them is i)ro\viiish or brown, sometimes
paler; ])roboseis short, not ponicidate ; the clay-yellowish
palpi broad, reaehiii}? to the anterior edjre of the oral openiiiif.
Tli(! upper side of the thorax covered with a thick clay-yellowish
pollen and with short, den.so cluy-yellowish pile; the latter some-
times has a more ferru<rinous tinjr<' ; the usual bristles of the
thoracic dorsum are brown and weak; upon its middle there are
only two i)airs, the anterior one very much behind the transverse
suture; it is weaker and shorter than the posterior one. Scu-
tollum dark brown, very oonvex, with only two bristles. Meta-
tliorax and pleurie are sometimes brick-red, sometimes l)rowii or
blaekish-i)rown; the darker the phfura; are, the darker the bristles
upon them. Abdomen uiiiccdorous, brick-red, brown, fir brown-
ish-black, with rather delicate! blackish or black pile. Ovipositor
not compressed, conical, al)out as loiifr as the last two abdoniiiial
segments taken together, with delicate black pile ; in paler spe-
cimens the ovipositor is red, the extreme tip only black; in very
dark specimens it is Vdack with a reddish crossband upon thi'
middle. Very dark specimens have blackish-brown femora; tiieir

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NOllTII AMKIIICAN TUYI'KTINA.

tip and tlio tibiio ore yjllowi.sli-limwii, tin; tiirsi «liny yt'lluwish;
ill paltT H|u-ciiiiciis tihiiu iiiiil rciiiuni an; nut miicii darki-r than
llio tarsi; front ft'inorii with hliick lirisijcs; tarsi, r>|>crially tiitir
first joint, Hoiiit'what lon>r<'r than u>iial, I'spccially in 'J', .sulnlti.
(ji)iis. Knol) of the hulti-rcs blackish or liiack. 'riie wiiij^s lii'uail
and vory oitlusc at (hu end, l)lackisii-l)ro\vii or Itiiuk, iiM-lniiin^' ihi>
exlrt'ino root; upon tht'ir whole Hurfaco aro u very varialilc
niinilifr of very Hniuil dots of l)iit nioderule transparciii-y ; ii|miii
the anterior inargiii, inuni'diuteiy beyond tiie stigma, tiicre i> a
iriangiilar hyiilinu H|)ot, tlie tip of wiiicii (h)es not tpiite iciicii iliu
third hiii^itudinul vein and whieli inclnde.s u bhu'ki>h-brii\vii
cros.sline, extending from the eostu to tiu' second l(p|i^;itndiiiiil
vein ; the end of the sixlli vein is surrounded by u cluster of small,
more or less couleseent drops, wiiicli extends especially on llie
anterior side of this vein; the extreme tip <tf tlie wiiij; has a very
narrow liyaliiie border, wliich bej^ins a little bt-fore llu' tip of the
third longiludinul vein and ends beyond the tip uf tlie Inniili
vein; at the tip of these veins the bord«'r is very often inlcrniplcil ;
on tilt! posterior margin of llie wing there are often two, snino-
tinies til, c or four, in such a case larger, hyaline drops. The
third long.tudinal vt.'in is beset witii scattered but distinct
bristles; at its end, it is Ktrongly bent backwards so that ils
divergency from Iho peeoiid vein is unusually large; the laitir
ends rather far from tiie apex of the wing; the erossveins arc Inii
little approximated, tho sniuli one is oblique, the posterior uiic
arcuated.

JJah. Kentueky (Wiedemann); ^Maryland (Osten-Sacken).

Olm'rcutiun 1. — This species is suijjeet to remaikalilu varia-
tions in the coloring of the body, as well as in the shape of the
wings; the tip of tho latter is soinelimes more, sonieliiiies less
distinctly obtuse; all these dill'erenees certainly do n<it constitute
specilie distinctions. The figure which I have given in the fust
volume of these Monographs was jirepared from a specimen in
the IJerlin Museum, and as it is bused upon a rather hasty pencil
sketch, made many years jirevionsly, it lays no claim upon an
absolute fidelity. This figure shows some discrepancies however,
which raise a suspicion that this Berlin specimen is not Tnjjicla
comwa at all, but a closely allied s])ecies.

Observation 2. — Trypeta comma differs from T. mlid(igini» in
its larger eyes, a less excavated face, and a smaller and much

t*-'*
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DKHrnirTKiN or the si'EcrEs.

283

iinrrnwcr omi opcniiif^; the sliapt' of tlie body, liic striking;
brt'tuilli of tlio forclicud, tlio liistrilxitioii of tliu hri.sllcs upon il
and upon tlic tlionicic dorHiiiii iiiid .snitclliiiii, tlu; sliiipi> of tlio
ovipositor, llu! outline of tlic wiiij?.-(, and tliu piillcrii of llic pictiiri?
ail! ri'iuarkiilily analog(»iis in both Hpt-cius, ko u.s to preclndo u
generic separation.

31. T. latifi'oliH Lw. 9. (Tnl.. X, f. 22.)— Ol.scnrn, mi-it.., til.iis
t:iisiM(|iiH liitHMifentiliiis, froiit(4 liitiHi^iiiul, Huutt^llo t'onvHMi, rictis iliinl)il4
iiiHlniuto, (lire liitiusuiiln*, coIofm fiirtco-niKro piutn, in iliHco purulud ttt
Bul)(C(iualitt«r reticuluto), in iliiuiiiii u|>iualiit uiiirgiiit* rudinta).

CdliiriiiK (liiik ; liead, tiliim, and InrHi ilny yt'lli»\vi»li, front uniisaally
l:lr^H ; tliu coiivt'X Hcutelliiiii wiili two lii'i.HtlH.s oii'.y ; wing;* ratlicr
broad, with a browiiiiili-blauif pit-tiUH, upon tlinir iiiiddln HoiiiHwiiat
H|iarHHly and nut very evenly niarl^ed witli byalinn dropH, tlu-ir apical
border raditttt). Long. corj). 9 '"»"> tnrfliri ().:}(• ; loiii;. al. ('.27.

Sy.n. Tri/prta hitifrons Lokw, Monograpl s, etc., I, p. 89, 22. Tab. II, f. 22.

Huh. Cafolina (Ziniinenuaii) ; Coiineelieut (N'orton).

Observation. — A fenuile from C'oniuM-licut, coniiMnMicuted to
mo by IJai'un Osten-Saeken, is not nmeli l)ettcr pfe.sorvfd tlian tbo
feinalo from South Carolina, fr(Mn which my de.seriplion in the
Monogr. Vol. I was drawn, and for this reason I am not altle to
pivo a better one here. Of the two pairs of bristles upon tho
thoracic dorsum tije anterior one has dropped olf; it seems to havo
been inserted rather far behind the transverse 8nture. The
struelure of tlu)ra.\ and alnlomen, tho broad front, tho bi-
setoso seutelluin, and the conical, not at all flattened, ovipositor,
indicate a relationship between this species and the two preceding
ones, fnjiu which, however, it dilTors in tho shape of tiie wings
and the jjattern of the picture. In the latter two points it
reminds one of Trypeta plalijplei'a Lw., which dillers again in tho
more narrow front, a four-bristled scutellum, and a flattened ovi-
positor. Such being the case, we will be better justified in
connecting this species with T. nolidaginis and cumma, than with
2'. jAalijjdera and its congeners.

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ab<loinini.s niaculis in series quatnor di^positis t^t terel)r4 l>revi, atris ;
caput loetiu!* lutfuiu, fronte latis>iiiia, farie UKMliue reccclentf, antennia
longis et auutis ; femora anteriora macula minute nik;r& notati«; alarum
pictura fusca, guttis majuseulis hyalinis reticulata, quarum iu cellullk
posteriory secunda tres, iu terti.'i quatuor couglobatse.

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

Clay-yellow; the metanotum, four rowH of abdominal spots, and the short
ovipositor, deep black ; beail of a brighter clay-yellow ; front very
broad, face luotlerately recdipg; antetniiB long and acute ; the anterior
femora with a little black Hpot ; picture of the wings biown, retiouliite
with rather large hyaline drops, among which three form a cluster iu
the second posterior cell and four iu the third. Long. corp. J cum
terebra 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.14.

Ilcatl almost ochreous-yellow, the rather level face, poiucwliat
retreat iii<; on the under side, the moderately broad elieeks, and
the lower portion of the oeeijuit pale yellowish. Front imiru than
half as hroad as the whole head. Frontal Itinule very fhit.
Third antt'imal joint iinusnally lonjr, with a reniarkahly sliarp
anterior eonier; the thin, Inire arista is inerassated at its Imsis
for a short distanee ordy. Oral opening rather large, roiindi'ij,
but somewhat broader than long; its anterior edge is neitluT
drawn upwards, nor projecting in the ])rofde. Proboscis and
palpi yellowish, withdrawn in the oral opening. The ])ilo on the
head is ochreous-yellow ; the ordinary frontal bristles are brown-
ish or brown. The ground color of tlie thoracic dorsum is blackisli,
with the exeei)tioa of the pale yellow humeral callus, but very
much concealed under ochre-yellow pollen, and reddish oclirc-yd-
low, coarse, and almost stubble-shaped pile. When the thorax is
viewed from behind, several opaque black, punctiform dots bi'come
ap})are!it, especially two on the transverse suture and two larger
ones between the first and the posterior border. The l)ristlos of
the thoracic dorsum are partly pale yellow, partly brown ; viewed
against <he light, they appear dark. The scutellum, which, in the
describe.1 specimen, is much damaged, seems very convex; it is
smooth and for the most i)art yellow; among its four bsistles, the
two apit'al ones are inserted on small black dots. The abdomen
is reddish-yellow or almost honey-yellow and somewhat shining;
upon the second segment there are four black dots in a row, the
laieral ones of which are small ; upon each succeeding segment
the lateral spots become larger, and upon the fifth segment the
lateral spots completely coalesce with the middle ones, only a
median reddish line being left on the .«egnient. The flat, shining
black ovipositor is hardly longer than the lastabdcnninal segment.
Feet rather dark ochre-yellow; the front and inlcrni^Mliato
femora have, U|)on their hind side, beyond the middle, a liltle
black spot. The reticulate picture of the wings is brown, lihuk-

-'*^vr^

DESCUIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

285

ish-brown within the sti-^ma; the hyaline drup.s, appt'uring in c
dillerent liglit whitish, and which peifonite the brown coloring,
are generally large, but not numerous ; the stigma contains but
a single yellowish drop; its exlremo basis also has a narrow hya-
line bonier; the triangular cluster of larger drops which occurs
on the anterior margin, inunediately beyond the stigma, consists
here of five drops, absolutely separated from each other; the end
of the margimil cell ••outains but a single small drop ; a larger
drop occurs below the end of the second longitudinal vein and a
similar one under it, in the first posterior cell ; between these two
drops and the apex of the wing there are four smaller drops,
forming a somewhat arcuated crossband ; especially characteristic
for the species are three conspicuous drops in the second and four
similar ones in the third posterior cell, between which the l)rown
coloring is so pale or faded, that they ap}»ear almost coalescent ;
(this is not well expressed in the figure, which is kept altogether
in too dark a shade) ; upon the middle of the discal cell there is
a large drop, occupying its whole breatlth. The third longitudi-
nal vein is distinctly bristly about as far as the small crossvein ;
this crossvein corresponds to the last third of the diseal cell ; the
posterior crossvein is straight and very perpendicular.

Hub. Distr. Columbia (Osten-Sacken).

Obxervalion. — In several respects this species resembles the
European species of Carphotricha; l)ut, on account of the strik-
ing breadth of the forehead the unusual length of the antenme,
and the comparatively very even face, somewhat retreating below,
it cannot well be placed in that genus, especially when T. cuUa
Wied. is admitted in it, on account of its rather close relationship
to Carjiotruha pupillata J-'all. As I know of no other species
with wnich the present one could be generically united, I prefer
to establish a separate genus for it, which 1 call Acidogona.

36. T. alba Lw. % J. (Tab. XI, f. 11.)— Albida, alls coiurolorilms
iiuiiiaculatis, capite, pleiiris, scutello secnieiitorunuiiie aliiloiiiinaliuin
fiingnloriim margiue postico pallide sulpluireis, auteunis, terebrd, pedi-
busque lutei8.

Wliitisli, witii whitish, altogether iinmacnlf,»e wings ; hf>ad, plpnraB, fcu-
tellnin, and the posterior niargin of tlie single abdominal segments,
sulphur-yellow; antennrc, ovipositor, and feet clay-yellow. Loug. corp.
% 0.13, 9 cum terebra 0.17; loug. al. 0.15— O.ltj.

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286

NOUTIJ AMERICAN THVrETINA.

Stn. Trt/pefa n!ha Lokw, ntrl. Kntotn. Zeitsohr. V, p. 345, 72, lb., Dipt.
Atn«r. (%'nt. I, p. .'<!», 7-.
Tryju'ta tiUia Ldkw, Moiiogr.iplis, «tc., I, p. 100, 18.

llnh. P(!nnsylvniiia (Ostoii-Sackcii).

■OhHrrralion 1. — I Imvo only the followiii}^ rciiinrks to tmike
coiicoriiiii}? this species, descrilied in llic iilioveMpioted phices iuid
easily recofrtiizahle. The aiitennue are often not elay-yellow, hut
more or h-ss hri}?ht oehre-ycdiow, which is espc-ciaJly the case in
the l)est preserved and fully colored specimens ; in sueli spccj.
mens the face is j)alo Hulphnr-yellow, while, on the (ontnuy, \\w
front, probably in eonscMpieiieo of desiccation, shows, iu other
specimens, a more dark yellow, often inipnn;, hue.

OhxiTvalion 2. — This and the next followinj^ species show a
strikiuf? a^rrcenient in all plastic characters, especially in the
Ktrnclureof the head, and the characteristic outliiu; of the winjrs,
so thsit they may 1)0 considered as the types of a new jiciins, dis-
tinjfuislied from the related ones by the ubovo-menlioiied chiUiic-
ters, and which may bo called AHpilota.

31. T. albidipeiiniH Lw. % J. (Tab. XI, f. in.)— ^Mgro■<•inp^',1,
thoracis dorso :ilt)icniii.H, (rapite, tliora<'is vitlA, latcrali sciiti'lioiine siil-
phiii't^is, alarum aibidarmu sliginate fu8co, terubrd f<uuiiii;i> atra.

Blackisli-gray, tboracio dorsnm whitish; li-ad, .a stripo on Uih l.itiral
margin of tliH thorax, ami the Bcutollniii Kuipiinr-yeliow ; wings wiiilisii
with a Inowii stigma; tlio ovipositor of thti female black. Long, ((mji,
% 0.17, 9 cum tHrwbra 0.20; long. al. 0.18— 0.1 i).

Syn. Tii/petd alhidif.^nnis Lokw, Herl. Entom. Zeitschr. V, p. 34r), 7''>, and
Dipt. Ani«r. Cent. I, p. 3!(, 73.
Trypvta alliidi/ienuin Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 100, 19

JIab. Pennsylvania (Osteu-Sacken).

Observation. — The antenmc are usually more ochre-yellow than
ferruf^inou.s-yellow. The g<!neric hx^ation of this species has i)ciMi
mentioned in the note to the preeedi.;;^ one.

38. T. YernoiiiO! Lw. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 8.)— Dilute Intea, fapil",
thoracis vittil uiarginali iu pleuras dilatatil, 8(nitello(jue i)uriuH llavis,
thoracis dorao sut)bHlvo, nictanoto nigro ; alarum diniidinju bas.ih'
inipictum, apicale colore subfnsco grosso reticulatuni, gnttis magnis coii-
flueii ibua, ita ut faacire tres valde in,'»'(iuales fusi'fe(!onspiciaiitnr ; jiiinii
inco- ipletA, et obsoletiore, aecundi intcgra, t»»rti4 postice abbreviata.

Pale I lay-yellowish ; head, a lateral thoracic stripe, dilatcil n\»>n tlm
pleurm, aii<l the acntellum of a i)nrer yellow, tlioracic dorsum iihimi
isabcUe-yellow, uielanotum black; the basal half of the wings ia iuima-

DESCRIPTION OP THE HPEOIES.

287

cul.ite, tlie apical half hIiows a very poarse brownish mfioulntion, tho
lar;;« liyaliiin drops (if wliich coalnso" in hiicIi a inaiiii»*r, that three
brown, irrt'Kiiiar crossliands nrM forn>«il ; tho first is only in(!oni|)let«ly
dt)Vnlii|)t'il anil ralli«r faih^l, llic st-cond compU'tw, tint third altiirt-viatHd
postjTJorly. Long. corp. % O.lS, ^ cum terebri (M!2 ; long. ai. (».17
— O.IH.

8vN. Tijipitn Vrrnimiir LoKw, R«il. Kntoui. Zi'itschr. V, p. 34G, 74, and
Dijit. Anier. C'^'nt. I, j>. 4<*, 74.
Tryyeta Vernimiir. LoBW, iMonoyrapha, «tc., I, p. lOl, 20.

Ilah. J'eiuisylvoiiia (Ostcii-S.ickfii) ; on the iron-weed ( Vrr-
nonia).

Ohserralion. — T. Vcrnoniw afrrees in all the plastic rliiiracters,
ospeciiilly in llie stnietnre of the head and the .sha|ie (tf tlit! winjrs,
witii tli«! two jtreeedinj^ .species in a very Htrikinj^ nuinner, and
tlio j)resenee of a pietnro on the win|jf.s alone is not a snllieient
f^roiind for a fjfctneric separation.

3!K T HOriala Lw. ^. (Tab. X, f. is.) — I.ntea, alis ronrolorlbus,
totis a>i|nalilius t-t obtiisis, jinr )na(Miias inintitas fnscas st>riatini dispusi-
tas r»-tiinilatis, advcrsiis niaigiiifni prait«r Irientt'Ui busaluui nigricanti-
bus, vtina longitudinali tt^rtia HtHosa.

Clay-yeilow ; wings of tlie sain« c<dor, of a very «qual lireadth, obtnHP at
tho dtid, r<'ti(Hil,'ito with small brown spots arranged in rows; blackish
along the margin, except on tlis proximal third of its extent ; third
longitudinal vein bristly. Long. corp. (>.'.24; long. al. (i.2(i — (>.li7.

SvN. Trifprtn striata LoBW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 84. Tab. II, f. 18.

Ilnh. Illinois,

Ohsi'.rvnlioii. — Should T. aerinta he placd in one of the fronora
cstal)lislied for tiie Kuropean Tr[ipvl.i)ia, it would of eunrs(! ho
tho genus <).r)jjthora, tho most eharaemristio nnirks of which iiro
tho reticulate wings and the bristles on tho tliini vein. Ami,
indexed, this species reminds one vimt mnch of ().r;//>/iora Wc^/rr-
matvii .Meig. in tho very peculiar shape of the wings, and oven in
the coloring of till' body and the pattern of tlii' picture of the wings.
Hut when wo hear in mind tiiat this European sp(!cies occupies
ill the genus a very isolated, in fact an artificial position,' it will
api)ear more luitnral to withdraw <>. nv,s7cr/na/?»i from the genus
and to form a new genus of it, together with tho al)ove described
as well as the next following American species. This g"nus may
be called Iclerifn.

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tiou, though for other reasous.

238

NORTH AMEUICAN TKYl'KTIXA.

40. T. cil'cinata n. sp. ■J, 9 . — Lutea, alls concoloribus, totis ipqua-
liluis et olitusis, per circulos fusios inter se coliienMites retiiulatis,
adversua niargiiiHin prster dimidiuiu ba^ale ni^rijautibus, veud luugU
tuiUiiali tertia seloa^.

t'lay-yellow, wings of the same color, of very eqnal breaiUh, obtuse at
tlie end, reticulate with siuall, brown, contiguous cirub-s ; intuscalH.l
along the margin, except upon its first half; tlie third longitudinal vnin
bristly. Long. corp. '^ 0.24, 9 cuui terebrft 0.27; long. at. U.2(J — 0.27.

Tho resemblance of this species to T. acrluta is so striking tiuit
one \V(j«lil almost be tempted to take it lor a mere variety. Jldw-
ever, tiie picture of tlie wings, perfectly identical in both .scxt-s,
shows such dillerences from that of '1\ !i('rt(ila, as occur in closely
allied species, but not in a variety of the same species. While
the reticulation of T. scriata consists of small, angular brown
spots, arranged in double rows between each ]tair of longitudinal
% Mn.s on the middle of the wing, in the present species the spots
are replaced by small brown ringlets, mostly closed, but some of
them open, and connected with each other. The infuscatcd por-
tion of the anterior margin in T. seriata begins before the end
of the au.xiliary vein and fills the stigmatical cell entirely, with
the e.\cei)tion of a but little pi.'rceptible clay-yellow drop iit the
tip, and a similar, obsolete drop at tlie basis; between the ends
of the first and second longitudinal veins there arc, be^i'ies the
somewhat hyaline sj)ot immediately beyijiid the foniicr, only two
brownish-yellow drops near the anterior margin. In 2\ circinafa
the extreme tip of the auxiliary ^cin and the spot on the cosla
corresponding to it are black, Init there is no trace of dark color-
ing in the costal cell before the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the
stigma is rather saturate yellow, and has upon its middle a con-
siderable rectangular black spot ; the pale spot which follows
imnuMliately upon the tip of the first longitudinal vein is more
extensive, but less limpid, and the two drops which lie between
it and the second longitudinal vein are niiicli larger and more
limpid, so that they entirely interrupt the black border along the
anterior margin. A similar interruption is caused by a drop
immediately beyond the tip of the second longitudinal vein, which
is entirely waniting in Trypeta srriata. By these complete brenks
in the black anterior border Tnjpetn circinafa. is very easily dis-
tinguished fro.n Tri/ppfn Kerinta, whicl! has only one break of this
kind immediately beyond the apex of the first longitudinal vein.

Hub. New York (Mr. Akhurst).

!i> 'vr'' '■

DESCRII'TION OF THK SI'KCIKS.

289

41. T. Liclltensteiiiii Wikd. %. (Tab. XI, f. 9.)— Tola Intea ;
alae diliitH ciiimeo-liyaliuje, gutti.s tnajusculis jilbiuantibus, uiaiulisque
tribus fusco-nigris varieguta;, iiiiiiii'i Ijaruin reliiiiii.s iiiiiioi-H et a stixmalri
oblicjiie (lecurreiitf, sci'inula (jiiadraiimila ft Vi-iiaiii tiaiisvei>aiii jioste-
I'ioivm iuuludtiUte, teiiiu dmiique pnuiib duabu6 uiujuiu ut apii-eiu ah»)
ciiigi'Ute.

A i together clay-yt^llow ; wings grayish-liyalinp, with rallier larpe whitish
drops and three brownifli-lihick spots, the lirst aiuong whiuh is smaller
than tiie otiiers and descends from the stigma in an obliijue direction,
the second is square and includes tlie posterior crossvein, and the tliirii
is larger than the two jjreceding ones and forms a border along the apex.
Long. corp. 0.22; long. al. 0.2:5.

Syn. Tni/irfn Lichtenstehiii Wikfikmaxn. Anss. Zweill. II. p. 407, 31.
Tri/jiiht [.icktensteinii LoiAV, Monographs, etc., 1, p. !t2. Tab. II. f. 25.

("liiy-ycllow, the pilo on liond, tluirux, Jiiid fret ydlowisli; the
li"istk's vellow or vt'lliAvish-Id-owii, accortliii"; to llie liiriit in which
tlifV arc soon; the ]ii!o on the al)(h>ineii yflh)\vish at the hasis
only, lilack elsowiuTc. Front of a iiioro vivid yellow, rather
hniad, with long bristles, the eyes rather larti'e, oval; cheeks of a
medium breadth. The face rather retretitinir, somewhat excavated
under the antenna}; the anterior ed<i'e of tlie mouth not projeeting
in the jtrofde. Antennse yellow, of medium lenj^tl. ; tiie third
joint with a roumled anterior corner; the rather lon;.^ arista i.s
much inerassuted at its extreme l)asis, otherwise very thin and
liare. Oral oi)eiiini!: rather large, rounded; jialpl and ])roboseis
nut projectiuiT l)eyond it; the latter not irenicidated. The middle
of the upper side of the thorax si'etns to have Ijornc oidy two pairs
of ))ristles. The very moderately convex scutellum bears four
bristles. Soutellum anil abdomen are more shininu" than the
thoracic d<jrsum, which is opacpie in consequence of a yellowLsh
pollen; abdomen without any picture. Wings rather long and
<»f nearly equal breadth; the third longitudinal vein distinctly
Ijristly for a consideral)le portion of its length; erossveins straight
and steep; small crossvein a little beyond the nnddle of the discal
cell. The picture of the wings is a very ])eculiar one; its jirin-
eipal feature consists of three very conspicuous ])rownish-black
spots; the smallest ainnug them has the slia])e of an oblicpie,
somewhat irregular half-erossband ; with its anterior end it covers
the tip of tlie stigma, with its ])osterior end it covers the small
•'iMssvein and suddenly sto]is near the fourth vein ; the second
spot, which covers the posterior crossvein, 1ms a square shape, is
19

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NORTH AMEKICAN TIIYPETINA.

higher thaa broad and reaches fruui the fourth vein to the poste-
rior margin; the tliird spot furius a broad nmrgin of tiie tip n('
the wing, which begins not far beyond the lirst longitudinal vein
and, gradually increasing in breadth, reaches beyond the htiiiii-
ning of the second posterior cell. The outlines of these three
spots are irregular and sinuate. The remaining surface uf the
wings is grayish-liyaline ; held against the light this grayi>li
surface shows some round, whitisli spots of a rather ec^nsidcialilo
size, occurring especially within the sinuosities along the nuirniiis
of the dark spots, however, without following their outline e.xact I v.
In some places the grayish tinge of the wings becomes infuscatcd,
thus forming several other, probably very variable, spots; llii;
typical specimen shows the following ones: a narrow little sput
in the middle of the anterior margin of the costal cell ; a lnHik-
shuped spot, which begins at the anterior end of the third brnwn
spot and runs to the second vjn; a small, tliimble-shapcd spot,
situated on the fourth vein, a little beyond the posterior crossviiii
and directed forwards ; a little spot upon the posterior niariiiii,
in the middle between the second and third of the large hruwii
spots ; a punctiform dot upon the middle of the discal coll ; a
larger spot, behind the preceding one, within the third posteiidr
cell; finally, behind the latter, upon the posterior margin, another
small, faded, little spot. It is probable that, sometimes, tin-
greatest part of the grayish surface becomes browni.s]i, and then
it may happen that, in some specimens, beyond the root of the
wing, but little pale colored portions remain, except the large
drops with a whitish reflection. The fact that the described
specimen does not seem to be a fully matured one, serves to
confirm this supposition.

ffab. Mexico (Wiedemann).

Observation 1. — Description and figure are prepared after tlie
same specimen in the Berlin Mnseum, which Wiedemann had
before him in drawing his description. In the figure, tiie
engraver has represented the large whitish drops somewiiat more
vividly than they appear in natnre. The relationship of T.
Lichtensteinii to the two preceding species, is close enough to
enable us to place it in the gonus Ictericn.

Obi^ervation 2. — Among the species deseril)ed in the sequel,
Tnjpcta sequalis (Tab. X, f. 20) stands next to the species of
Icterica in the shape of the wings. But, besides the fact tliat

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

291

its wings arc neither as equally broad, nor as obtuse, as those of
the species united in the genus hierica, that species ditrers also
in the absence ol' bristles upon the third vein.

43. T. hum ills Lw. ^ 9. (Tab. X, f. 17.)— Luteo-cinerea, capite
pedibu^que saturate tlavis, fuiiioribua tauiuii iiigri.s adversus apiceiu in
iiiaru late, in loiuiiiia lati8^iiule Havi^; iieriritoiiiiuui valde productuui,
proboiiuiis geiiic-ulata, alie rare retioiilatte, Htigiuate atro, iion giittato.

Yellowiali-gray ; head and feet satur<<t« yellow ; the femora black, a ton-
siderable portion at tiieir tip in the male, a still more considerable one
in the female, yellow ; edge of the mouth very much produced, proboscis
geniculatt'd, wings sparsely reticulate, tlie black stigma without pale
drop.s. Long. corp. ^ 0.09 — U.l, } cum terebraO.U — 0.12; long. al.
0.11—0.12.

Syn. Acinia picciola Bigot, R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Vcd. VII. Tab. XX,
f. 10.
Trijpeta humilis Loew, Monogr. etc. I, p. 81. Tab. II, f. 17.

Ilah. Cuba (Poey, Gundlach). [Key AVe.st; comniunicateu by
,:Mr. Burgess. O. S.]

Ok^crcaiion 1. — Tiie saturate yellow coloring of the apex of
the femora in the male has a rather considerable, but at the
same time variable, extent; in the female, the yellow sometimes
occnities so much space, tl'at the blackish color remains visible
at the basis of the femora only. Females with the femora as pale
as that, mentioned by me in the first part of these Monographs,
seem to be rare, as among the numerous specimens of my collec-
tion that single one only is io be found.

ObHervation 2. — To recognize the present species in the Acinia
■picdola Bigot is not possible. Nevertheless the synonymy is not
doubtful, as, through the kindness of Mr. Gundlach, I have been
put in possession of numerous typical specimens. It is to be
regretted that Mr. Bigot has given the species a name which
cannot possibly be admitted, unices names like liUlella, petitella,
kleinella for any small species were likewise tolerated.

ObKervation 3. — The strongly 'produced oral edge and the
strikingly gcniculated proboscis, with its very much prolonged
flaps, reaching backwards as far as the mentuni, define this
species as an Ensina. As soon as oxotic species are taken in
consideration, this genus cannot be maintaiivHl within exactly the
same limits which I defined for it in my Monograph of the Euro-
pean species. A part of the species, whici; I placed there under

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NORTH AMKKJCIAN THVPETINA,

tlie head of Oxi/na, as for instance Ojijna flnnrfafula L\v.. and
ils coiigonors, will have to be admitted in the j^ciiuri E))Kiiin.

Observolion 4. — A Brazilian species, not rare in collcttioiis,
likewise Ijelongiiig to Eiisina, is so very like huinili>t, tiiat I givo
liere its descriptiou, iu order to avoid a possible confu.sion.

T. peregrina n. sp. % <$ . (Tab. X, f. 3(i.)— LntHo-oincrea, alMjnininH
nigio-iiiHuulato, geiiis angu^tiHsiiuiH, )><>i-iMtoiiiio exiiuie piDilm to, ]>ro-
lii)sui(li.s gt^iiii'iiliitffi liilinlliH longii^Miiiiiii, aliri eloii^alis et Hii)>!iM|ualiiHr
fuM'o-reticulatis ; pt-iles lutui, ba.siili feiiioium piwtiuormu iliiiiidiu pit en;
tt«rulira fcDuiiiiie atra, tribud ulliaiiu abduiuiiiid segintjuti^ (tiiiiul tjumtid
loiigiore.

Yellowisli-gray, abdompn spotted with black ; tbe cbet'ks very narrow,
the oral eil^c very imicli prodiicfd, tlie Hups of ibe gf iiiculattd ijioIid-cih
Very rmicl) proloiigeil ; wings comparatively long anii vatlier unifoimly
reticulated with brown; feet of a saturate yellow, ba^al ball ol liie
bind femora black ; ovipositor of tbe female black, larger than tlie la.^i
three abdominal segments taken together. Long. curp. '^ (Ki'J. — U.K>;
9 cum terebra 0.14— O.IG; long. al. 0.13—0.14.

Resembles T. snrorcula Wied. from TenerifTe and the European 7'. flmi-*
(jatulii Lw. very much, both in the structure of the body atid in gcnfiiU
apiiearance. In tlie female sex, it dilfers from the latter easily by its
ovipositor, which is once and a half as long; the male is easily distin-
guished by several features of the picture of the wings, whirh in other
respects is very niucli the same: namely, the drop which lies at the tip
of the submarginal cell is not jiresent '.ii 7". iloiH/dltdn ; in the dark culoi-
ing at the extreme end of the discal cell there is only a single hyaline
drop, while in T. dDiujatula there are several of them, usually three.
From 7'. humilis it dilfers sufficiently in the scntellum, wiiich is tinged
with ytdlow at the tip, in the coloring of the feet and in the picture of the
■wings. Yellowish-gray ; the head, of the satne structure as in tbe species
just compared with it, rather saturate yellow, as well as antennfe. palpi,
and proboscis ; the occiput alone in part gray. Front long and not very
broad; along the orbit with a narrow, rather whitish border. Anteiniaj
rather broad, not quite descending to the anterior edge of the mouth,
which is somewhat drawn upwards and remarkably projecting in the pro-
lile. Kyes rounded ; cheeks very narrow. Oral openi'ig very much drawn
out ; the very elongated flaps of the geniculated proboscis reach backwards
to the nientum. Tlie usual bristles of the front, the thorax, and the scn-
tellum are black; the latter is yellow at its tip only. The abdomen is of
the same color as the tliorax, and bears, like the latter, some short, jvile
yellowish pile, while the longer hairs on the posterior border of the last
Segments are black. The flattened and only moderately pointed ovipositor
is shining black and a little longer than the last three abdominal segments
taken together ; its short pubescence is almost without exception black.

I'm
m

DESCUiniON OP THE srEriEs.

203

Ft»et dark yellow, only the hind femora are brownish-hlack heyond
thfir middle, and the otlter femora somewliat infusoateii near the root and
with a bruwn Htripe on the under Hide. The wiii^s are e!(ini{iited, liyaline,
witii a grayi.sh-tjrowu, very loose, hut not discunnectHd, rfticulittion ; the
root of t)ie wiug8 in uot spotted up to tlie end of the (tuiall hti-;il cells;
beyond this, up to the stigma, there are only three inconspicuous grayish
spots. The grayisli>browu stigma contains a rather con>picU(>iis liyalinv
drop (repri'senteil too small on the ligure) ; a spot adjoining it, compara*
lively small auil uot much perforated, reaches beyond the second vein
with two (Mints only, and contains a little dr<<p immediately before the
second veiu. The larger and less perfor ed spot before the end of the
Second longitudinal vein always coutaius a consiilerable hyaline drop near
the anterior margiu; between the secouil aud third lougitu<linal veins, the
same spot contains two or three small drops aud is variously connected
with the remaining reticul itiou. Between these two less perforated ^^pots,
there are, in the marginal ;ell two, in the aubmarginal three, large hyaline
drops, which generally asmme the shape of ({iiailrangular spots, auil are
only separate<l by grayisli-brown lines, running from one longitudinal
Teiu to the other. Upou the remainder of tlie surface of the wing, the
reticulation is formed by rather cousiderablo rounded drops, and is more
regular; ouly iu the proximity of the posterior crossveiu there are uo
drops.
Uab. Brazil.

43. T. anglistipennis Lw. % 9- — Cinerea, capite pedibunqne
tlavis, femoribus magna et parte nigris vel fusois ; proboscis non geni-
culatil; alae subangustatae, uigro-retioulatae, in basi et limbo martfinis
postici subimmaculatae, stigmate non guttato, maoulia duabus onlinariis
obscurioribus mediooribus, separatis, secund4 guttulam unicam, rariud
duas includente; terebra foeminse atra, duobus ultimis abdominis seg-
mentis simul sumtis subaequalis.

Gray; head and feetyellov. ; femora for the most part blacker brown; pro-
boscis not geniculated ; wings reticulate with black, almost without
spots at the basis and iu the vicinity of the posterior margin ; the two
ordinary dark spots only of middle size and st'parafed from each other;
in the second, one, rarely two, hyaline drops ; ovipositor black, almost as
long as the last two abdominal segments taken together. Long. corp.
% 0.13, 9 0.14—0.15; long. al. 0..4.

Sts. Tephritig Leontodontix Zrtterstei>t, Ins. Lapp. 74.5, 6. Var. •. (ex p.).
Trijpeta angiistlpennis Lof.w, (rerra. Zeitschr. V, p. 382. Tab. II, f. 4.
Tcphritis anifu^tipennis Zkttersteiit, Dipt. Scand. VI, p. 2229, 35.
Tephritix anjjnslipennis Loew, Trypetidae. p. 113, No. 24.
Tephritix mgreijata Fradenfkld, Verh. Zool. Bot. ftes. XIV, p. 147.

Gray; thorax vvithoiit picture; the pile upon it is whitish; the
bristles black. Abdomon blackirili-gray, without spots ; tiic pile

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whitish, only the bristk'-s upon th«' posloriKr iiiur>;iii of thi- Ia<.t
Bc^inciit are black. Ovipositor hiiick, hunlly as lon^ as tlic lust
two scjriiKMitM tukeii together; with distiitct whitish pilt' upon its
anterior half. Feet yellow; tlie I'eiiiora for the most |»art black
or brown. The wiiij^.s are couipurutively u little lon^rcr tind
narrower than in most of the related .spteies. Th" ruihtr dark
retieulatiou is loosely meshy aitd somewhat diseoiineetcd ; it
disa))pear.s almost entirely in the region of the posterior mar>:in,
with the cxcejition of a lew little spots, which distin^rnishes thii
species from the otherwise related ones; the black sli^nia dms
not include a hyaline dot ; the two ordinary dark s^xtls are of
moderate size; the lirst is connected with the stipina and reaches
from it directly backwards; the second usually contains, near the
anterior margin, only a single hyaline drop, which lies immedi-
ately iteyond the tip of the second longitudinal vein ; this spnt
reaches as far as the fourth longitudinal vein; the two rays which,
in the related species, run from this vein over the siM'ond poste-
rior cell to the posterior nnirgin, are incomplete or wanting; llie
j)osterior crossvein also has only a comparatively narrow dark
border, which sometimes exists on its posterior half only; upon
the posterior part of the crossvein, this border emits a siiurt
branch, (.•haracteristic for this species, and reaching into llie ilis-
cal cell ; this branch sometimes coalesces with a second similar
branch upon the posterior side of the fourth vein, so ns to include
a hyaline drop; otherwise the picture of the discal cell is limited
to a small crossband, lying beyond its middle, or there is sonie-
tiujes before it, near the anterior margin of the cell, another diirk
spot, which in some specimens becomes a second small cros.s-
band; upon the posterior side of the fifth vein generally two
small, dark spots of variable size are observable, of which the
one nearer the root of the wing is often wanting.

JIab. Yukon River (Kennieott).

(Jhxervation 1. — I cannot distinguish this species from the T.
avgustipetinis occurr'mg in Scandinavia; the typical pair afur
which I have described it in Germar^ti Zeilxchri/t has, it is true,
the femora much less dark, but as the specimens seem to Ito
immature, I do not consider this a .^specific difference. The
figure given in Gcrmar^s Zcitschrift has not well succeeded in
the engraving and gives only an approximate idea of the picture
of the wings.

PESCIITI'TION OF THE RI'Kf'IES.

295

Ohtirrralion 2. — Should we (li>liilHito tlic |irts('iit utid all the
lU'Xt. t'ollowiiif^ spi'cifs aiiioiif? the subgfiH ru wliirli 1 liavo olul)-
lislied for llio Kiu'opcaii Tri/jirhiln-, tlicy vvniiJd liavf td l.o
r('ft'iTt'(| to tliogoiierii Oxi/jihura, Onjna, 'J'rjihriliK, and I'rillid,
The j;<'i>us I'rellia is easily distinnuishcd IVoiii the othciH liy ihu
|>ic*tiii'u (if the \viii|rs: it eoiisi.sls iit ii eoUhpiciinis slai-slmped
black (U'sijrn near the apex, while the rest of the wiiii; is alto-
pethtT iiiiniaculate, or i.s marked with only a lew isolated spots,
at the utmost with a very pale reticulate picture. A part of the
species doMcrihed in tiie Hc(pjel, can uridouhtedly lie referred to
i'l't'llia. Amoiif^ the reinainiiiff spcci«'s, those woidd liave to bo
located in the pt'ims O.ri/ii/iora, which have th(! third loiiiriludiiial
vein of the wiiijrs beset with t)risllcs. This character is of a very
easy a|)plication wiien n miinber of w«ll-prcserved specimens is at
hand, l)Ut it becomes of much less value when npi)lied only to
siii^fle and indilferently preserved specimens. For this reason I
am not (piite sure whctlier in all tiie species in whidi I have not
been able to discern the presence ef bristles on the third vein,
they are rcidly wantiiifr; and hence, with the materiuls I now
posse-;s, I am not al)le to refer with certainty to Ori/phnra
the North American species which may belonjr to it. Amonj^ the
Xorl.i Atnerican species with a distinctly Itristly third longitiidiiuil
vein, T. fjcminala alone comes near the European species of
OTi/phora, while T.tiinida is more related not to the fi>rm<'i, but
to the European T. (jut/ala Full., and to the American T frnm',-^,
VK'lanogaxlra, and mexicann, in which I iiiu unable to discern
the l)ristles upon the third vein. Thus, the iimintemince of the
genus Oryphora for those species only which have bristles ui)oii
the third vein, would separatt^ from each other species most
closely allied. In order, thcrerore, to m.-iVe this freiiiis applicable
to the North American species, we sh'inid exclude from il all the
species the picture of the wintrs of which ends in distinctly
developed rays, in which case oidy T. gemintda would remain in
it. Theoretically there is no oltjcction to stub an arranji-enieiit ;
practically, however, there remains the dilficulty of asccrtaininsf
positively tlie presence of bristles upon the third vein in all the
specimens which I liavo at hand, and this difliculty compels me
to drop entirely the jrenus 0,rij])h<>ra for the present. Shoidd we
follow the sufrprestion already made above, of reniovinjr from the
genus Oxijna those species which have remarkably prolonged

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NOIITII AMKRIfAN IKVI'KTINA.

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flii|is of tlio jd'olioHcis, iiiid pluciiig Uii'iii in the genus lUisina,
llicn till! (lill'iTt'iicf la'twceii Oaijna mid 'J'ii>hf'iliH is niidcrcd m)
Vfiv siil)llc, 118 U) iM'coiiii' uiuivuiiuiili' lur my l's^lly wl' u eiu.s>iti.
calittii (d' Norlli Aiiifrifiiii Ti'iji>ftinu, Iju.'^L'd us il is u|i()ii very
iiihidlicitiiit luutoiiuls. Tlio (|ucsliun uriHfs, liuTiduiv, w litilur it
would not l)(! hotter, temporarily, to briiij? logi'lhcr all the sniricf,
to Ite dt'seril)t'd Ix'low (witli the exceplioii of tin; Urclliit) iiniit r
tilt' lieiid of the f^eiius 'J'i'/i/irilix or else to distril»ul(( those .-|M'eiis
ill frciiera on Honi(( other primiple. The hitter course seems to
liie preleralde, in renderiiifi; the deleriiiiiiuti(tn of the spceies
easier. I would propose to eiill Trphrilix tlioHc species, the
picture of tho wiiij,^s of which does not form at the apex distinctly
develope(l rays, and those; which have such rays would form a
new genus /Jiuirrsla. Most species will then gain a pcsiiimi in
conformity to their true relationship, as well as to their iiiiliitiiiil
allinities; and although it caniuit bu denied that the local ion uf
some species will thus be reiiib red Komewhat artilieial, this dis-
advantage cannot well bo avoided as long as the knowledge of
the American fauna is not niont emiipletu tlian it actually is.

That 7'ri/peta a)i(jus(i/)f'niiin lielongs tu tho gonus Tcplirtliti
results from tho foregoing explanation.

44. T. fliiaEii:' Lokw. % ?. (T.it). XI, f. 4.)— Ciner«a, capite pf.li-
l)us<iue Intt'is, jTolioscidt! non gHiiiriiliitiL, alls nigro-rHtiiniliUis, fiisciii
ol)li({nil indtt a stii^niiito trails v«nas transversalus ail postiuum nine m.ir-
giiifin dii(!t&, nuu!nlis(]HH dualius altHiA siil)apiciali, costiB contii,'iii\ 't
alterd apicali iinn rfticulatis, Hti^niatiB iiigri basi dilutissiuie subtlaves-
ceute, veii4 longitudiuali tertiil uud4.

Cinereous; head and feet (day-yellow; proboscis not geniculateil; reticu-
latiou of the wings black ; a crossl)aiid running from the stigma over
the eroHsveius, a spot near the anterior margin before the apex, and
another one on tho apex, are not reticulate ; tlie basia of tho bhuk
stigma is of a very faint yellow; the third longitudinal vein is not
bristly. Long. corp. 'J, , O.ld ; cum terebr&0.24; long. al. 0.20 — O.-l.

Syn. Trypetafiiiulis Loew, Dipt. Am. Cent. II, 78.

Cinereous, thorax and abdomen williout any picture. Head,
antenna;, and palpi rather dark yellow, the larger })art of the
occiput dark brown. The front is of a very moderate breadth ;
its usual bristles are black. The antenme do not reach to 1 In-
anterior edge of the mouth; their .'second joint does not Iiear a
longer bristlet ; tho anterior corner of the third joint is rouiidiit;

DESCKll'TKiN Of TIIK 8I'E("IE8.

2117

till- nristti irt Itul little iiicrtts.sutcil ut tin- basis, It- pulM'St'oiici- is
liiit Vi-ry little pem-ptibltj. 'I'lie upiirr siiU- of tli»' tlntrax licars
huinc hliDi't, yt'llowisli-whitu pile niid idiick liri.stl'-s, two pairs of
wliii.-lt KtMMii U) liiivu bi'uii iiisi'i'tc'd upon its iiiidilU'. Si-utclluni,
ut the Imsi.s, of tliu huiih! color witli tlic tlmrax, towards ilic tip
inoru or U'ss yidlowisli ; it bears lour Itlurk liristles. Tlu' enin-
paratively soiiH^wliat narrow alMloiiieii is likewi.-e of the same
ciilor with tlie thorax, its last se>;iiieiit u little elonjrated ; its sliorl
pulM'seeiiee is yellowish-white ; the Iod^ bristles at the einl of the
last seffiiieiit are usually idaek. The Hat ovipositor of the female
is KoiiM'what longer than the last two alMlominal segments takm
together, red, blackened ut the root and at the extreme tip only ;
its short and line pile is of a very pale color. The wings are
cKinparatively long and narrow, coarsely reticnlale with browni>li-
black upon their wiiolo surface ; the njot of the wing, up to a
little beyond the end of the small basal cells, shows bnt some
scattered spots; iip:in the rest of the surface the single drups are
large and hence rather close together, although but little coales-
cent; n<t drops at all, (»r ahnost none, are to be found on a
crossbaiid running oblicpiely from the stigma over both cmssviins
to the posterior margin of the wing, on a t«pot beginning at the
anterior margin near the apex of the wing, and on a smaller spot
upon the apex itself; the basis of the black stigma forms a large,
limpid drop, somewhat tinged with yellowish ; the usual triangidar
cluster of drops between the stigma and the unperforated cross-
band before the apex consists of six drops, three (piadrangular
ones between the costa and the S(!cond longitudinal vein, a larger
quadrangular spot and a smaller rounded one between the second
and third longitudimU veins, finally a large round one beyond tlio
third vein. The latter vein has no i)ristles; the small crossveiu
corresponds to the last third of the discal cell.

Hub. California (A. -Agassiz); Texas (IJelfrngo).

Observation. — This species is a nornnil Teiihritis.

45. T. Clathrata Lw. 9. (Tab. X, f. 1.').)— fana, oapite ppdibusqne
Havis, femorilius litnrA. i)ii;ricante signntis, ati'loinine t)irai'iani ni>;i'o-
macnlato ; aim colore iiiijro rare tiinculato-reticnlatfle, stit;iiiate atro
guttain hyalinani innlmlentH, veiii iDiiu'ituiliiiali teitiil nucJd ; jit^risto-
mintn modice profluctutn et proliosciH lirevitHr geiiicnlata ; tfivlni'i attr-
rima, duobu.s ultiniiii abdoiuiui.s segmuntis simul aumtiii ^etjualiri.

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298

NORTH AMERICAN TRYI'KTINA.

Wliifish-gray, head and feet yt^llow, femora with a black streak, abdomen
with two rows of black (bits, wiii^s witli a sparse reticuialion, almost
reduced to spots; the stigma includes a hyaline drop; third loni,'itudi-
ual Vein not bristly; oral edge moderately produced, prolmscis short,
geniculate ; the deep black ovipositor is as loii^ as the hist two abdo-
minal segments taken tegetlier. Long. uorp. 0.12; long. ul. 0.13.

Syn. Try/ieta clalhrata Lohw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 60. Tab. 11, f. 15.

JJah. iMiddle States (Osten-Sai-ken).

Observation. — In accortiance witli what has l)0(>n said in tho
second observation to T. atKjim/ipcnnis, T. clatltruta hii(in;;s
to tlie genus TephritU. Should the distril)utiun adopted liy inc
in my Monograph of the Kufopeau Trypviidtv be slrietly applied
to this species, it wouhl, on account of the distinctly gt'iiicuiati'
l)roi»oscis with but uioderately prolonged flaps, be refen-ed to tlio
genus Oxijiia; and it ajrrees very well with a number of Euro-
pean species, placed in that genus.

46. T. geniiliata Lw. J. (Tab. XI, f. 1.) — Ex luteo-cinerca. capite,
thor.'icis margine laterali, suutello, abdominis diuii<lio basali, t'ciiKirmii
apice, tibiis tarsisque flavis, pleuris, nuianolo, abdominis niiiciilis ct
apice, terebri femoribusque ex nii;ro fuscis ; alae i)rjBter basiui fiisiic,
limpi<lo-giittata, guttnlis disci nnnutis et raris, pnttis marciids jiosiici
majoribiis, anguli axillaris confertioribus, macuiis denicjiie dualius
costalil)us trigouis limpidis, ven4 longitudinali tertid. setosa.

Yellowisli-gray ; head, lateral margin of the thorax, s(;utellnm, anterior
half of the abdomen, tip of the femora, tibia;, and tarsi, yellow ; pleurfe,
inetanotnni, spots and posterior part of the abdomen, ovipositor, and
femora blackish-brown ; wings, with the exi eption of the biisj-i, brown,
with pale drops, wiiiih are small and scattcied in the middle, larunr
upon tlie posteiior margin, more dense upon the posterior anub' ; upon
the anterior margin there are two triangular hyaline spots; the third
longitudinal vein is bristly. Long. corp. 0.17; long. al. 0.20.

Syn. Trypplti geminaUi Loew, Dipt. Am. Sept. Cent. II, 75.

Head pi-le yellow, only a large spot tipon the occiput blnckisli-
brown ; front rather broad; the ordinary bristles ))nle brownish
or almost yellowish. Antennie dark yellow; the short pile upon
the second anteniial joint pnh^ yellowish ; a single more elongate
hiiir is black ; the anterior corner of ttie third joint is rather
sharp. Face rather concave and the anterior corner of the mouth
rather conspicuously projecting. Theeks narrow. Oral opening
large, rounded; palpi and proboscis short, not reaching beyond

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

299

the anterior edj^e of tlie oral opouiiig; proboscis not {jrcniouliiled.
The ground colur uf tlie npjier side of tlie tliurax is black, Ixit, in
consequence of its j)ulveriiicnce und <tf its sliort, yelluwisii piit", it
npi)ears gray; upon its anterior margin, in ti;e viciiiily of the
ycllowisli humeral callus, there are some blackish hairs; the
ordinary bristles, of which I perceive only two juiirs upon the
middle of the dorsum, are brown. The lateral margin of the
thoracic dorsum is yellow ; scutellum yellow, with four bristles,
Metanotum und pleura? blackish-l)rown ; the latter rather shin-
ing; the bristles upon them for the most part black. The ground
color of the abdomen is yellow ; it has four rows of brownish-
black spots, which begin to e.xpand upon the third segment ; uj)on
the fourth and the following segments they coalesce in such a
manner that the segments appear altogether blackish-brown. The
pile upon the abdomen is generally whitish-ydlow, but ujjon the
black spots it is black; the bristles upon the posterior margin of
the posterior segments are generally l)lack. The rather broad
ovipositor is of a shining bhukish-brown, flattened, although
somewhat swollen at the basis; its short and very delicate pile
is not easily discernible; it seems to be l)ro\vnish. Femora
brownish-black, the anterior ones with long black bristles; the
e.vtreme root and the tip dark yclhjw. Til)ia3 and tarsi rather
dark yellow ; wings of the ordinary shape, blackish-brown,
sparsely guttate; the root of the wings, almost as far as the tip
of the small basal cells, is rather liyaline and almost altogether
iramacnlate ; the alula also, bears no si)ots and is without dark
coloring; the brown coloring begins on the anterior margin about
the middle of the costal cell, and includes before its end a rather
large hyaline drop, close by the margin; a smaller hyaline drop
is placed upon the tip of the l)rownish-l)lack stigma; immediately
beyond the stigma, on the anterior margin, there are two trian-
gular, hyaline spots, separated only by a brown stripe; their end
crosses the second longitudinal vein ; the whole middle portion
of the wing is perforated by a few isolated, very small hyaline
drops; upon th'3 second half of the posterior margin there are
four large hyaline drops, two l)eforc and two after the end of the
fifth longitudiiml vein; a fifth, much smaller drop, is placed
much nearer the tip of the fourth vein; the last portion of the
si.xth longitudinal vein is surrounded by a cluster of somewhat
larger spots, which, in consequence of the more faded brown,

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

surrounding them, ai)pear moro coaloscent; in the posterior angle
of the wing the pale drops are more numerous and ^onu'wlmt
larger than upon the middle of llie wing, and nioreovi r, wi'U
separated from eaeh other; the ai)ex of the wing shows between
the third and fourth veins a very narrow, hardly apparent hyaline
border.

Hah. Pennsylvania (collection v. Winthem).

Observation. — In accordance with the explanations given in
the second observation to T. angustipennis I leave Tn/pefit
(jcminala, in spite of its distinctly bristly third vein, in thegeims
Tepln'itis, but 1 do this with the explicit understanding tliiil this
position is an unnatural one. In the above-quoted i)lace I hiive
already explained why one would feel tempted to place this
species in the genus Oxijphora on account of the pattern of its
})icture, as well as of the bristles upon the third vein; but I must
again add that this location would not be natural. Its rather
stubble-shaped pile, the distribution of the bristles ujjon the fmnt,
and the structure of the antenna} indicate a rather close relation-
ship to those European species which I have united in the genus
CarpluAricha ; nevertheless, in some other characters it differs
from tho.se species in a measure which prevents its reccjition in
that genus. A number of South American species stand in the
same relation to the European Carphotrichae, although they differ
among themselves in many very striking plastic characters. A
moro complete study of these species will result in the breaking
up of the genus Carphotricha, based upon too insufficient mate-
rial, and then only, iu all probability, T. geminala will find its
true position.

4'T. T. flicata Fabr. % . — Lutea, eapite pedibusqiie flavis ; setre fpu-
telli qiiatuor ; alie gntti.s hyalinis uiajuscnlis sul)raris reticulata', ivtis
parte postic^. nninolore ex ciiifireo-fiissna, aiitica, luteo «t fuseo variii, ita
ut giittnlre lutcje pnttif, hyalinia interjectse sint, marciiiH antico strigulis
qninque et macula subapicali fuscis iiotato, veua longitudiuali tertii
setos^; proboscis nou geniculata.

Clay-yellow, head and fpf t of a purer yellow : ppntpllnin with four bristles ;
the retwjulatiou of tlie wines, formed of rather larue and moderately
numerous b valine drops, is uniformly eiavish-hrowii upon tin' po-teriur
part of the win!»s. yt'llow and brown npnii the anterior portion, in such
a manner that yellowisb drona are mixed atnontr the bv.nline onis : ii|"im
the anterior margin, there are five small brown transverse streaks and

vtv^^

DESCRIPTION OF TflE SPECIK8.

301

■ before its end there ia a brown spot; the third longitudinal vein .s heset
with bristles; proboscis not geiiiuulaled. long. corp. 0.17[; lung. al.
0.20.

Syn. Mitscn fucata Fabricics, Ent. Syst. IV, p. .359, 194.
Ti'phritis /'nratn Fabkicius, Syst. Antl. p. .321, 24.
Trypeta fncnta Wiedemann, Au:4s. Zweill. II, p. 50.'), 44.

Clay-yellowish, almost oclire-yollow. Head ratiicr pale yellow.
Front and sides of tlie face with short, unusually dense yellowish
{lile. Front of a medium breadth; the bristles brownish-yellnw,
brown towards the tip. Anteniiie pale yellow, of medium len<;th,
roaohinj? almost to the anterior edj^i" of the mouth, which is very
much drawn upwards; the short i)ile on the second joint is yel-
lowish; the third joint has an indistinctly roundeil anterior
corner; antennal arista ap])arently bare, but I'tlle in<'rassated at
the basis. Face rather narrow, somewhat excavated, distinctly
carinate l)etween the antennal l'ov(;iL>; in the profile, its lower part
is proiluced in the shape of a short snout. Kye.s laruc, oval ;
ehet'ks narrow, with yellow ))i!e and bristles. Oral openintr hirtre,
lonaer than broad; the rather br./ad palpi yellowish and with
yellowish i)ile, reachinjr to the anterior ed<re of the oral opcujuo-j
proboscis short, not geniculated. The whole thorax is so thickly
covered with yellow pollen and short, yellow i)ile, that its <rrouiid
color, which seems to be grayish-brown, is hardly visibh-; the
ordinary bristles, two ])airs of which arc inserted upon the middle
of the upper side, are brownish-yellow; their tip is dai'k lirown.
The gmund color of the seutelhini is pale yellow, which cninr is,
however, but little apparent, on account of a short yellow pile,
similar to that on the thorax; the scutelluni has fnur bristles.
Al)domen of the same coloring as the thorax; the short iiairs and
bristles are all yellow. Feet yellow, willi yellow pih', the ante-
rior femora have yellowish bristles. Tin- reticnintidii (if l lie wings
consists of hyaline, almost whitish, rather large, iuid imt very
nunn'rous drops ; it <loes not reach the extrcnu; root nf t he wings ;
upon the posterior margin ami at the extreme npeA of the wing the
coloring is uiufonnly grayish-brown ; elsewhere, it is clay-yllow,
with a brown picture, which partly frames in tin; hyaline drops,
partly includes little clay-yellowish dro))s, so that the eniirser reti-
culation formed by the hyaline drops, in its turn appears reticu-
liite. Upon the anterior nuirgin itself there are live, in part
almost punctiform, brownish-black transverse streaks; upon the

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

end of the marginal cell a brownish-black spot ; the streaks are
upon the humeral crossvein, in the middle between the latter and
the basis of the stigma, upon the latter, on the end of the
stigma, and between that and the tip of the second longitudinal
vein. The small crossvein lies a little beyond the last third uf
the discul cell. The third longitudinal vein is distinctly l)ristly.

ffub. The Antilles? (Fabricius) ; South America (Wiede-
mann); Buenos Ayres (collect. Wiedemann).

Obnervalion 1. — Fabricius, the first dcscriber of the species,
names Dr. Pflug as the discoverer, and the South American
islands as the habitat, which probably means the Antilles. Later,
the s[)ecies was described by Wiedemann, who names South
America as the habitat. It is impossible to tell from the descrip-
tions of both authors, whether they really meant the same species,
although the descriptions contain nothing positively contrary
to this assumption. As the species is easy to identify, and as
Wiedemann's identification was based upon the comparison of
Fabricius's specimens, it can be safely assumed that he has
described the same species. My description is based upon a
male, marked Buenos Ayres and communicated to me as a type
from Wiedemann's collection.

Ohs^ervation 2. — This species may also remain in the genus
Tephritiii, for the sake of facilitating identification, although its
third vein is distinctly bristly. This character as well as the
not geniculated proboscis, recalls those species which, in my Mono-
graph of the European Trypetida3, I placed in the genus ()./•'/-
j)hora; in fact I know of no other American species which stands
closer than T. fucata to the typical species of that genus, as, for
instance, to T. corniculata Zett., biffexa Lw., etc. I also call
attention to a peculiarity of most species of this group, that the
dark spots of the picture in the female are more extensive than
in the male ; this may likewise be the case with T. fucata.

48. T. albiceps n. sp. -J 9 . (Tab. XI, f. 5.)— Ex luteo ciiiprea,
capite alliicante, fronte, anteunis, scntello pedibtisque luteis, abdoiniiie
bifariam nigro maculato; alae latiusculje, prseter imam basira totje i'olni«
fusco-nigro guttato-reticulatae, guttis valde inaequalibus, in apice et prop«
venam traiisversam posteriorem quam in reliiiuil al4 minus coiiferti^!,
stigmate nigro uniguttato, vend, longitudinali tertia non setoKA; tiTpbrii
fwminse aterrima, duobua ultimis abdominis segnieutis simul siinntis
ffiqualia.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

303

Yellowish-gray ; head whitisli ; fiont, aiit^iiiiie, suutellum, and feet yellow ;
the abdomen with two lougitiidinal rows of black spots ; ings some-
what broad, and with the exception of tlie extreme basis, entirely covered
with a guttate brownish-black reticulation ; the drops are of a very un-
equal size and less numerous uitoii the api'X and in the vicinity of the
posterior crossvein; the black stigma lias a li^ aline drop ; tliird longi-
tudinal vein not bristly; ovipositor of tlie female deep black; as long
as the last two abdominal segments taken together. Long. corp. ^
0.13, 9 O.IG; long. al. 0.15—0.10.

Yellowish-gray ; thora.x nnd abdomen with whitish-yellow pile ;
the latter with two longitudinal rows of black or blackish dots.
In well-preserved specimens the head is white, and it probably
ha.s the same color iu living ones ; in some of the dried .'^pecimen.s
it has assumed a yellowish hue ; the front, with the exception
of its lateral margins, is yellowish ; the usual bristles upon it are
almost without exception black ; the bristles upon the vertical
margin are pale yellowish. Antennaj pale yellowish ; the third
joint has an almost sharp anterior angle. Oral o])eniiig large,
somewhat longer than broad ; the anterior edge of the mouth
rather drawn upwards, somewhat projecting in the profile. Palpi
l)ale yellowish. Proboscis yellowish, short geniculate, with but
moderately prolonged, comparatively stout flaps. Tlie upper
half of the occiput is gray, with the exception of the margin
along the orbit. The ground color of the humeral callosities is
yellow, while upon the rest of the tliorax it is blackish. The
bristles of the thoracic dorsum are all black, those of the i)leurtB
are partly black, partly pale yellowish. Scutellum pale yellow ;
lateral angles and sometimes also the basis darker; with four
black bristles. The bristles upon the posterior margin of the
last abdominal segments have the same pale yellowish tinge as
the pile upon the abdomen ; only exceptionally a dark bristle is
sometimes found among them. The ground color of the abdo-
men is n(tt quite constant; as a rule, it is blackish; I possess
specimens, however, in which, upon the posterior nmrgin of the
second and third segments, it is yellowish-red. The ovipositor
is shining black, rather strongly contracted towards its end. as
long as the last two abdominal segments taken together; their
short pile is very delicate and hence somewhat difficult to dis-
cern; it seems to have the same coloring as the pile on the abdo-
men. Feet saturate yellow. The wings have an almost regularly
elliptical shape and are somewhat broader in the female than in

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lljc nialo (the figure Is made from a male specimen). The guttato
reticuhitioii, which leaves open tiio extreme basis only, has a
hrowMisli-black coloring, which assumes a paler hue wlierever tljo
(h'ops are nearer together; upon the stigma, however, and upon
the end of the marginal cell, it becoiues nearly l)laek; the stigma
contains a rather consj)icuous hyaline drop; the drops upon tlu;
ri'Miaining surface are in general largo, upon the middle of the
wing, however, numerous, much smaller drops are interspersed,
which perforate the dark coloring between the larger drops;
this also takes place between tlie six largo drops which form the
usual pyranud of drops, situated Ix'vond the stigma; upon the
l)ortion of the wing beyond this pyramid there are generally l)iit
very few little drops, and those are usually in the proximity of
the pyramid; some larger drops, rather distant from each other,
are also to be found there, and among these a row of very rounded
drops along the margin of the wing, sometimes a little remote
from it; they are either of very une([ual size (as in the iigure),
or of the same size ; the proximity of the posterior crossvein
shows a more considerable space, which is but little perforated.
The third longitudinal vein is not bristly.

JIab. Canada (Couper) ; English River (Kennicott) ; Maine
(Packard).

ObmTVAition. — In the distribution adopted by me for the
American species, the present one W(,u!d belong to the genus
Tephritia. Should my distribution of the European Tr'jpcln' be
applied to it, the shape of its oral oj)ening ami of the proboscis
would refer it to Oj:i/na.

49. T. CUryptera n. sp. 9- — ^^ luteo-cinpi-ea, abdomino bifarinm
nigro-maculato, capite et apice sciitelli Haviuantiliiir*, pcdibus lutt*is ;
aliB valitu (lilataffejrotuiidato-ovatse.prwtHr imam l>asim totii'coloi-H t'nsco-
iiigrognttato-reliculatse, guttis valde ii)i6tiualibus,inapiL'eet prope stigma
veiiamque traiisversam postHrioi'«m minus cout'ertis, stigmate iiiiiguttato,
vt'iia longitudinali tHrtia iion setosa ; terebra I'ociiiiiine alonima, diiobus
iiitimis abdominis segmentis siiuul sumtis a^qualis.

Yellowish-gray; abdomen with two lonsitudinal rows of black spnts : hca I
and t'p of tlie scntelhim pab* yellow; feet saturate yellow ; wings very
broad, rounded oval, with tin? exception of the extreme basis coveird
with a guttate, brownish-blaek reticulation, the drops of whiidi are of a
very unequal size and b'ss numerous in the vicinity of the stigma, of the
posterior crossvein, and on the api>x of the wing ; stinma witli a liyaline
drop ; the third longitudinal vein not bristly ; the ovipositor of the

it

to

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

305

female deep black, as long an thu last two abdominal seguiHiita taken
toguthur. Long. corp. cnm terebra O.IG ; long. al. VA6.

Closely ullioil to 'T. albivf])S and very liko it, but easily dis-
tiniriiislicd by its very broiid wings. Yellowi.sli-gray ; lliunix
and abdonion with yellowish-red pile; the abdunicn with two
longitudinal rows of black spots. Head yellowish ; front and
antenna} uioro yellow; the usual bristles on the front black, the
bristles on the vertical margin bright reddisli-yollow. The third
antonnal joint with an almost sharp anterior corner. The oral
opening longer than broad, the upi)er oral etlge somewhat drawn
upwards, distinctly projecting in the prolile. The rather broad
palpi and the probosci-s are yellowish; the latter short geniculate,
with but moderately prolonged, rather stout Haps ; the occiput,
in the vicinity of the point of attachment, grayish. The ground
color of the humeral callus is yello\vi>h, that of the thora.K Ijlack-
ish ; the bristles of the dorsum are black, the two i)airs upon its
middle are inserted uj)on very small black dots, easily overlooked.
Scutelluui yellow at the tip, with four black bristles. Ovipositor
of the female shining ))lack, aI)out'as long as the last two abdo-
minal segments taken together (in the only specimen in my
])Ossession the shape of the ovipositor is not distinctly discerni-
ble, but it dni's ot seem to dill'er from that of 'T. albtcejjn) ; its
short pubescent c is delicate, and hence somewhat diflicult to per-
ceive; its c(jloring pcenis to bo altogether reddish. Feet saturate
yellow. The wings are very broad and have a rounded elliptical
shape. The guttate reticulation shows the most striking likeness
to tl'.it of 2\ albicejis, so that the description of the hitter may
1)0 applied to tliis ; the only addition to be made would b<^, that
the region immediately below the stigma is somewhat darker and
a little less guttate. Thus the figure of the wing of T. albiceps
gives quite a correct idea of the wing of the present species,
except of its broader shape; moreover, the three posterior drops
of the usual pyramid are smaller, and separated by larger inter-
vals, and the intervals of all the six drops are perforated by
much more numerous small drops. The third longitudinal vein
is likewise not beset with bristles in this species.
Ilnb. West Point, N. Y. (Osten-Sacken).
Obxcrvntion. — The systematic position of this species is exactly
the same as that of T. albiceps.
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ftO. T. platj'ptcra n. sp. 5 . — Cinerea, abdoiuine quadiifari.iin
nigro-inaculato, capito j)e(libiis(jue luteLs, ffiuoiibus taiiien posterioribii.s
nigro-uiaculatis, scutello iiigro- et flavo-vari«gnti) ; alae valdn dilatatip
rotuiidato-ovatw, totne colore uigro guttato-reticulatre, veiii Iciigitudiiiiili
tertiii iiou Hetosft.

Gray, abdomen with four rows of black spots, bead and fept yellow, the
bind femora Kpotted with black ; scutelhim variegated with vhIIow .iiid
black ; wings very bioad, ronnded-ovate, covered upon tlieir whole
surface with a reticulate black picture ; third veiu not bristly, Loiiu;.
Corp. cum terebrd. U.21 ; luug. al. O.lti.

Of this ppecios I possess a single badly preserved specimen,
and I would not have attempted to describe it, but for the cir-
cumstance that it is distinguished by a nunilier of very peculiiir
cliaracters, which render its recognition easy, even should the
description be imperfect. Head yellowish ; occiput immediately
above the point of attachment somewliat blackish ; on each side,
near the basis of the antenna3, tliei'e is, on the border of the < yo.
a small, almost punetiform, blackish-brown transverse strrak.
The breadth of the front, which is distinctly narrowed antoriiirly,
is comparatively .'onsiderable, as it equals half the breadth (if tlio
head; the usual frontal bristles are black, those upon the vciliciil
margin are yellowish-white. The third antennal joint is gently
excised upon its upper side, and has a rather sharp anterior angle.
Cheeks rather broad, with a black bristle, in ffont of which, along
the lateral edge of the month, there is some black pile. Oral
opening very wide ; its anterior edge is but little drawn ii[),
although rather projecting in the profile. Palpi very broad,
reaching beyond the anterior edge of the mouth, beset with l)lark
and whiti.sh-yellow hairs. Proboscis short geniculate, with mode-
rately prolonged, stout flaps. The thorax of the specimen is
greasy, and it is impossible to make any positive statement abont
its coloring and the pile upon it ; the coloring upon the dorsum
seems to have been more blackish; on the sides more brown; the
j)ile seems to have been Btubble-shaped, yellowish-white; all the
bristles, upon the thoracic dorsum as well as upon the pleura;, are
Ijlack. The very convex, blackish scutellura has, upon the lateral
margins and upon the tip, a broad yellowish border; the four
blackish bristles of the scutellum are placed inside of this border
upon blackish dots; the pair of those dots which is near the tip,
although smaller, is connected with the black coloring of the

'Kll

DESCKH'TION OF TIIK Sl'ECIES.

807

ficutellum. Abdomen ffrny, wifli four ruws of black Hj)ot9. The
spots of botli iiileniit'diatc rows are coiiiimrativrly large n-ctan-
giilur triuiigk'8, ono cutlietiLs of whii^li lies along the posterior inur-
giu of the segment, the other is parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the uljdonien ; thus between both rows of spots, only a narrow
gray intermediate line remains visible; the spots of the outer
rows lie upon the lateral margins and also occupy the whole length
of the segments, forming broad, uninterrupted lateral stripes.
The whitish pile upon the ttbdonien is rather stnl>ble-shaped; the
comparatively long and strong l>ristles upon the posterior niargiu
of the last segment are black. Venter somewhat dirty l)rick-rcd,
gradually becoming blackish towards the lateral margins. Ovi-
positor flattened, broadly truncate at the end, shining black on
the surface; the under side l)right yellowish-red, with a Ijlack
tip. Feet of an impure yellowish, the posterior femora on the
under side with two weil-delined blackish si)ots, and near the tip
with a faded blackish spot. AVings very broad, of the same
rounded elliptical shape as in T. euryptera. The black, guttate
reticulation covers the whole wing to the e.vtreme basis; along
the whole posterior margin as far as the apex, there is a row of
hyaline drops of middle size, separated by considerable intervals;
beyond the apex, along the anterior margin, th«'se drops liecomo
larger, their intervals growing smaller; in the marginal and
costal cells they coalesce with a little drop placed behind them,
so that, in these cells, the reticulation emits something like little
rays, running towards the anterior margin ; the stigma, ujjon the
extreme basis, has a whitish crossline and includes a hyaline
drop at the end; upon the whole inner side of the surface of the
wing the black color is rather sparsely perforated by drops of
middle and of the very smallest size ; the latter are more
numerous upon the posterior than upon the anterior half of the
wing. The cells of the wings are all of an unusual breadth, and
the crossveins accordingly of an nnusnal length; the distance
between them is but little shorter than the middle crossvcin; the
second and third longitudinal veins are considerably divergent
towards the end; upon the third I do not perceive any bristles.

Ilab. Connecticut (H. V. Bnssett).

Ohaervation. — I leave this species provisionally in the genus
Tephritis; the description shows sufficiently that it is a stranger
there, whose affinities point towards the genus Eurosta. To

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fuuml a spt'ciul gi'iius for this siiij;lu foiiu would Ik- prcrtidtiirc,
as tliorc are sfvorul eoiicurri.'iit South American hixcics, witliout
tlio kii()wli'd};t! of wliifli it \a dillifult. to idiooso tlio riiuracicis
U|»oii wliit'li to estal)li.sli thu guiiUH. To plaoo tlio .s|n:ci('s in tin;
frt'iiurt Enrotila is likewise unadvisaldi', as tlio absfiin' of i)ri>ilfs
upon the third vein, and the not cuiiiral hut fhiltcneil ovipositor
are iu conlliut with the chief characters ai Euruatu.

51. T. aDfllluIiH LcKW. % 9. (Tal). X, f. 20.)— miiitH Inten, t.'iH)ril
coiic'olore, triliiis ultiniis utxloiniiii.s sei,'iii«<iitis siiniil suiiitis loimiort',
j)ilis, setisque totius corporis exalliidis; al® colore ex-fusto iiigriiuiiite,
ad versus coBtaiii et apiceiu in nigrum niutato, ftsqnnliter f^uttiito-retiru-
l.itff, guttis coiifeiti pleris<jUH niiijusiuilis, pirtuia niaiLtiiiirt antii'H
railiatd,, murgiuis a^iicalis &ubradiat&; vuua longitudiualid turtia nou
pilosa. •

Pale yellowish ; oripositor of the female likewise vellow, lontjer tliri!i the
last tliree abdoiniiial segments takfU tocellier ; i)ilH ami liristlcH of tlie
wliolo body wliitisli; wiiiys with a brownish-blai-k guttate ri'ticiilatioii,
black near the anterior margin and the apex; the dr<>])S are crowdfil
and the majority of them are of a considerable size; the iiatlern of tlie
picture consists of rays along the anterior border, which are less Wfll-
marked along the apex; the third vein is not beset with bristles.
Long. Corp. % 0.22, J cum terebri 0.25— 0.2C ; long. al. 0.24—0.2.').

Syn. Trypeta cequuUs Loew, Mouogr. etc., I, p. 8G. Tab. II, f. 20.

Hah. Illinois (Kennicott). [Maryland, P. 11. Uhler ; Ohio,
H. F. Ba.ssett.— (). S.]

Obaervalion. — The present species pIiows such a peculiar
structure of the head ami of the parts of the mouth, that I would
not have hesitated to establish a separate genus for it, if 1 had
liad better preserved specimens for t'xaminati(tn. The general
appearaitce reminds of the species which I have united in the
genus Icterica, but it differs in a smaller oral opening, a dillerent
shape of the wings, and a third longitudinal vein which is not
beset with bristles. Not being able to assign a better position
for it at present, I had the choice of leaving it in the gemis
Tephrilis or of removing it to the genus Enareda, proposed in
the second observation to Tnjp. angustipennis. The choice is
not a very easy one, because, althongh the picture of the wings
is distinctly radiate along the anterior margin as far as the njx'X,
the apex itself and the space immediately behind it are more
guttate than radiate. By all means, the question is more about

m ^^ -m

DESCRIITION or TIIK Kl'KCIEB.

809

an nrtiPicial tliiiii aliout a fiiiiil locution oft lie spccioB, nn the latter
will liavo to depend iipou the results oC a lulure invest ijxat ion,
Tlu' eircunistanee that the pyramid of drops l»ey<ind the sti^rtna,
usually well developed in the species collected in the sni)jr<'iiii8
Tfpiit'iltti, is ii(»t distinctly marked here, (h-eides me to plai-e the
pjx'cies in Kuaresta, ulthongh its uUiuitius to the tyjies of this
^nbj^enuri may be very slight.

52. T. fcHtiva Loew. % J. (Tab. X, f. 21.)— Lnfea, unicolor. nl»
iiiaviiiivliter gattato-reticalatse, in niarniiie antioo ft a[iiie railiatie,
pictura in l»asl et disco sontide lutesceiitti, prope iiiar^ineni anticain et
in apiuali alarum tri«nte fusco-nigrA,; tert-lira fiemiiisB (juatnor ultiinis
abdominis segnientis siinnl saintis siil)ie(iaalirt, uon deprnspa, adveisna
apicHin valde aiigusta, suptirue nigra v«l fusoo-nigra, infra adversus
basim rufa.

Clay-yellow, uniooloron«, the reticulation of tbe wings unequally puttate,
railiate along tlie anterior margin and on the apex, more diiifiy clay-
yellow upon the ba.sis and in tlie middle ; brownisli-black along tlie
anterior margin of tlie wing and upon the apex ; the ovipositor of the
female is almost as long as tiie last four alxlominal segments tal<eu
together, not flattened, very narrow at the tip, black or brown on the
upper side, the under siile red towards the basis. Long. corp. "^ , 0.17
—0.18 ; 9 cum terebrft 0.20—0.23 ; long. al. 0.22.

SvN. Trypeta /estiva LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 86. Tab. 11, f. 21.

Uab. Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken) ; Connecticut (Norton).
[Now Jersey, Mr. luug; llliuols, Dr. Breudel; Ohio, II. F. lias-
sett.— O. S.]

Observation 1. — Tnjprta /estiva maybe considered as a typical
form of the genns Euaresta. As the third longitudinal vein of
the wings is beset with spines, this species would have to be
placed in the genus O.ryphora, in the classification adopted by
me for the European species.

Observation 2.— lirazW possesses a conspicuous species closely
allied to the present one, but more approaching the next following
ones in the pattern of the picture of the wings. I let its descrip-
tion follow :—

T. spectabilis n. sp. '^9. (Tab. X, f. 27.)— Tota luteola, terebra
tamen otiscure ferrucinea, non depressa et quatuor nltiniis abdominis
pegmentis snbfpqnalia ; scntelluni qnadrisetosnm ; alarum pictnra nigra,
in apice pnlchre. seel breviter radiata, adversus anculum posticum
Tarius, in disco rarissime puttnta, gutt^ cellulae posterioris primie uuica, ;
vena longitudiualis tertia 8etosa.

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810

NORTH AMKRICAN TKVPHTfNA.

AltoKetlifr yttlluwixli, «*xuept tlm oviptMitor, wliirli ii durlc ferrtit(itMiriH,
iiiit IliitttfUeil, au<l iiHurl.v u« Untu as tliM lu»l lour alxloiniiiikl Ht-uiiii'iit*
tukfii tii^HtliHr. (JuiilitHuui with tour bri»tU<n ; tlitt bUck pit lur>i of i\m
^^\u^^n hIiowm, oil tliu apttx, humlnoiuu, ultliougli itliurt, ru^s ; it i.i
•j)iirsely giittate towanls the ponit-rior hiihI«, vnry nl)ur^ely in thu
Uiiiiillti of tlie wing ; tlit) firitt po.ilerior vhII contiiiiirt but u .siiilIi- >lrii|>;
tht- third luugituiliiiul vuiu in bristly. Luu^. curp. U.2G— U.27 ; long,
al. U.2tf.

A rnlliBr oongpicuous spt'cies, of the samn coloriug as the Euroju'fin 7'.
vnliilu Lw. With the cxi^eptioii of the ovipoitilor, it in ulloi^ftlier yflUiwir<ii,
only the haHJti of tlio iilMluiiien id Humetiuies brownish. Front of u nii<iilli-
bfHHilth an<l Hoinewliat convex; its brownisih-ytillow or reiMisU-yollow
bristles tiieuouiparatively atroug ; the froutul luniile rutlu-r hirge. Antfimie
short, by fur not reaching the eilge of the luoutlt; the .teconil Joint bears
A conspicuous bristle ; the anterior ed^e of llie uiouth uousiderubiy (Ituwn
U|>, but not very projecting in tlie proiile. l"]yes not very liii;li ; clifcks
broad. Oral opening rouuileil, rather large; prolxiscis uot geiiiiHilatc ;
pal|>i ratlier broad, reacliing al)nndantly as far as tlu- anterior edge of the
mouth. The sliort pile on the tliorax m partly pale leirugiiious, partly
pale yellowisli-red ; tlie usual bristles are pale yellow or lnownish-yellow.
The somewhat convex scutellnni has four bristles. Metalhoru\ ai>d
pleurae yellow, like the rertt of the body. Abdomen likewise uniloriuly
yellow, but tliere are speiduiens the abdomen of which is infuseated al
the basis; tlie pile on the abdomen is like that on the thorax, only its
coloring is more yellowisli. The stout, conical ovipositor is not llaitened
at all, about as long as the last four abdominal segments taken together;
iu paler specimens it is reddish-brown with a black tip; in darker speci-
mens it is rather brownish-black ; it ia beset, as far as the tip, with coiii-
paratively long pile, which assumes a more yellowish hue near the basis,
a more brownish one near the tip; in darkei' specimenn it is so netimes
blaiki.-h-brown. Feet altogether yellow. Wings hyaline with a very
much expanded and very little perforated black reticulation, which is
radiated at the apex of i'.ie wing. The root of the wings is not spotted
nearly as far as tlie end "f the small basal cells; the costal cell contains
a giay crosslino near the liumeral crossvein, a brownish-black crossbaiid
Upon its middle, and a crossliiie of the same color at its extreme enil ; the
Qbliterate end of the auxiliary vein, running perpendicularly towards the
oiargin of the wing, is rather hyaline ; the stigma is altogether Mnck and
does not include any hyaline drop; immediately beyonil the stijrma near
the anterior margin, there are two cuneiform hyaline sjxits, the first of
vrhi> h is a little broader than the second and crosses the second vein a
little further; between these spots and the end of the second vein the
brownish-black coloring is entirely unbroken; five short brownish-black
irays of almost equal length run towards the apex ; the first ends between
the second and third longitudiual veins, the next two coincide with the

fTIII

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:jii

tr. "i of tlie lliinl and ftmith veiiH ; IIih Inut two (tohh llic h^-coiuI jioHttTiKr
ell ; tliH liiHt of hII in uoiiiiHt't*'!! vvitli thu r<-iiiiiiiiiij({ browiiixli-tiluck
coloring liy H niirrow liroH'nli«li-liliti k luiil^t^ uml ^onlt•tlnl•'K intiTi u|itHil ut
llio liii.'>iH; upon tliu untfi'ior niilr of tlif fouitli vein tlimi un* only two
byalint* iIioiim, the ontt bt-low tlie Htiginu, the otliur ln-lvvfcn lioili moi>i«-
veluH; ill tliM tiiiiU (lOHtHrioi' tell tlifie uiu ttix iiyulint) droim, tlin oiif of
wliii'li ii* Ht ilH exticiiitt liu8iH and tliu otlier^ Ui>on its lattt^r half; hiuiih
of the lattfi' ilro|>H ain )i(ino'tiii:)-.-i coalfHcunt ; in the iiortteiior an^lt* tliciu
are, inoieover, lour or llvu liyaliue ilroiiM. Tlit) HUmll crortHVeiu is uliuoit
per|ien(liculur and ih nearly o[>|lo^ite the la.-t third of the disi'al rell ; llie
posterior troHsvein likewihe iw rather puipondiuular ; the third longiludi-
ual vein id ditttitiutly bristly.

Hub. liruzil (cuUection v. Winthem).

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AS. T. bi>lla Lw. % 9 , (Tub. X, f. 2".)— Luteo-oinerea, cnpite, pedi-
buH, uhdoininetjuu llavis, liou apic-eiu versus nigriuante ; Helm seiiteill
quiituor ; alarnui pictuia nigra, in in.irgine untico et npluu puichru
radiata, prope niarginctii }iosticuiii paulo coiifertius, in disco raiissime
guttata, guttacelluitt! posttiiiui'is priiuuj phmu nulla; Vtiuu lungitudinalia
tertia setosa.

Yellowish-gray; head, feet, and abdomen yellow; the latter blackish
towards the end ; the black picture of the wings handsoinely radiate on
the anterior inaigin and thu apex ; in the vicinity of the posterior niaruiii
with numerous drops, upon the middle of the wing with very few, in thn
first posterior cell with none; third loncitiidinal vein biistly. Long.
Corp. ■£,0.12—0.13, 5> cum teivbra (i.l;i— (M.'J; long. al. (1.11—0.12.

Sys. Trypda bella Lobw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 88. Tali. II, f. 2:5.

llnb. New Yofk (Fitcli) ; Wnsliin<rtnii (Oston-Sackcn) ; Wis-
cou.siii, etc. [Katlicr coiiiiiioii evtrywlicro in the U. S. — O. S.J

(Jbxer ration. — Clo.'idy ri'lated to T. fc^ilico, mid, ns to its .^ys-
tenialic location, tlie roniarksi appciidcd to that sjiecies ai'o also
applicable here.

5-1. T. timida I-w. ^ . (Tab. X. f. 2.'i.) — Ijitea. tnetanoto pleuris(iuo
ex-nigro fnscis, capite pedilmsque tlavis ; setJB scutelli ijualiioi' ; al;irutu
piotnra nigra, in apic" pulchre radiata, prope marginem posti(Mim rare
et in disco rnriBsime gntt.ita ; guttl, eellulae posterioris priniie unica ;
vena longitudinali.^ tertia setulis pauuis brevissiniis instrucita.

Clay-yellow, metathorax and plenrse Idackish-brown ; liead nnd feet yel-
low ; four bristles upon the scutelUim ; the black picture of the winii.s
is prettily radiated at the tip. in the vicinity of the posterior marfjin
sparsely, and upon the niifldle of the wing very sparsely guttate, in the
first posterior cell with a single drop; the third longitudinal vein is

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812

NORTH AMERICAN TRVPETINA.

beset with extremely short and suarco bristles. Lung. corp. 0.17 ; long.
al. U.IG.

Syn. Trypeta timiJa Loew, Dipt. Am. Cent. II, No. 76.

Clay-yellow ; the coloriug of the head is of a purer yellow, but
the middle of the occiput is grayisli. Front couiparalivcly nar-
row; its pale brownish bristles are strong and long. Antenna?
yellow, not reaching to the oral edge ; anterior corner of the third
joint rounded; arista comparatively thiu, its pubescence so short,
that, to the naked eye, the arista appears bare. Face excavatetl;
the anterior edge much drawn upwards, but little projecting in
the profile. Eyes elongated-rounded : cheeks very iiarrnw.
Oral opening of a middle size, rather round; the yellowish pro-
boscis not geniculate, short ; palpi short, yellowish. The upjier
side of the thorax is clothed with pale yellowish hairs; upon its
middle there is a weak trace of a very broad grajMsh strij)e, which,
however, in less denuded specimens, may be hardly visible. The
bristles upon the upper side of the thorax are pale brownish;
upon its middle there are three pairs. The yellow sciitellmn
bears four bristles. The ground color of jthe metathorax is
blackish-brown, but assumes a grayish aspect from a thin cover-
ing of pollen. The pleura) have a similar coloring, but towards the
upper margin, it becomes more yellow, and below the root of the
wings there also is a spot of dingy yellow. The claj-yeliow abdo-
men shows, in the described specimen, upon the last two segments
brownish spots, which, however, .. om to be the result of some
lesion. Feet yellow. "Wings rather broad with a brownish black,
very sparsely reticulated picture, which is radiated on the apex ;
the root of the wings is very s])arsely spotted before the end of
the two 8n;all basal cells; the costal cell, near its basis, has a
blackish transverse line, a brownish-black one beyond its middle,
and another brownish-black one upon its extreme end ; tlio
obliterate end of the auxiliary vein, which runs perpendicularly
towards the anterior margin, is rather hyaline; stigma brownish-
black with a yellow crossline in the vicinity of its end ; immedi-
ately beyond the stigma there are two cuni'iform hyaline indeu-
tations, which extend from the margin to the second longitudinal
vein ; the latter is somewhat remote from the margin ; between tlio
second of the.se indentations and almo.st the end of the sccuiid
vein, the brown color is not perforated ; along the apex, the

DESCIUPXroN OF THE SPECIES.

313

brown color emits five brown rays of almost equal leiiirth. The
first of these rays ends a little before the middle of the distaiieo
between the tips of the second and third veins; the two next ones,
whieh are a little expanded at the tip, lie on the ends of the third
and fourth veins, the last two in the second posterior cell; the
last of these rays, in the vicinity of its origin, is not quite well
separated from the remaining brownish-blaek picture. The hya-
lin<i drops are rather large, but few in number; there are two
between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, the first before
the small crossvein, the second less far beyond it; tlie discal cull
also contains but two drops, placed under the small crossvein and
nearer to the posterior side of the cell ; the third posterior cell
has a drop at its extreme basis and five considerable ones in the
posterior angle of the wing, which, however, are less conspicudus,
because the dark coloring in that region is more faded. The
distance of the first and second longitudinal veins from the margin
is a little larger than usual; tlie second and third veins are
strongly diverging towards the end; a weaker divergency exists
betw"jen the third and fourth veins; the two crossveins are per-
pendicular and straight; the small crossvein is almost twice as
far from the proximal end of the diseal cell as from the di.stal end.
In my first description of this species I said that the third vein
was not beset with bristles ; a more attentive examination of the
specimen, however, revealed to mo, on one of the wings, a few very
short bristles, which are either rubbed off on the other wing, or
else in a situation which does not allow their close scrutiny; the
first posterior cell does not contain a conspicuous concavity, like
that in T. bella; and the corresponding spot is not darker than
its surroundings.

Hab. Mexico (collect, v. Winthem).

ObHervation 1. — The systematic position of T. timida is exactly
the same as that of T. /estiva and bclla.

Observation 2. — The next relative of T. timida is a Braziliiin
species, whieh can be very easily mistaken for it; and in order to
prevent this confusion, I let its description follow here: —

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T. oIlSCIiriTCntris n. pp. 9. (Tab. X, f. 26.)— Ex lntt*o cincrea,
capite pedihusfjiie liitfscentibus, alxloinitie ex piceo nigro et iiitido,
terelirfl, coiicolore, tribus ultiniis abilominis segiiientia aimul suinpti.s
sequali; tsetse suutelli qiiatuor; alarum piutura uigra, in apiue pulclire

314

NOllTU AMEIllCAN TriYrKTlXA.

radiata, prope marginem posticnm raio et in disco rarissime gntfnta,
guita cellula) posterioiisj priiufE uuicil; vena longitudiualis tertia seuwa.

Yeliowisli-gray, head and feet yellow, abdomen shining brownish-black,
ovipositor conoolorous, as long as the last, tliiee abdoiuinai segments
taken together; scutellum with four bristles; the black picture of thn
wings handsomely radiated on the apex, sparsely guttate in the vicinity
of the posterior margin, very sparsely in the middle of the wing; a
single drop in the first posterior cell ; the third longitudinal vein beset
with bristles. Long. corp. cum terebr§, 0.20; long. al. O.ltj.

Head, including palpi, proboscis, and antennae, yellow ; oidy the occiput
for the most part grayish. Front compaiaiively narrow ; its brown
bristles are long and strong. Anteuuffi not reaching to t!ie edge of the
mouth ; third joint rounded at the end ; arista comparatively thin, appear-
ing bare to the naked eye, as the pubescence is very sliort ; face excavated ;
the oral opening hardly of middle size, round; proboscis short, not geni-
culate. I'alpi of middle size; the giound color of the thorax is altr,j,'ethfr
bla(;k, including even the humeral callosities, but this color 'w <' U

conreale<l nnder ochre-yellov, pile and pulverulence, that it assumes a
yellowish-gray hue; upon the pleurae and especially on the metanotuni
the dark ground color is more apparent. The Bcutellum, bearing four
bristles, is yellow to a considerable extent at the tip; the abdomen is of
a shining brownish-black and shows weak traces of a yellowi-h-brown
pollen ; the pile is short and scattered, of mixed yellow and blai'k hairs ;
the latter prevail or seem to do so, as many of the yellow hairs assume a
blackish hue when they do not reflect the light. The flat, not very
pointed ovipositor is pitch-black, shining, about as long as the last three
Segments of the abdomen taken together, beset as far as tlie tip with a
brown pubescence, appearing black in some directions. Feet yellow. The
comparatively rather broad wings have a brownish-black, very sparsely
gnttate picture, which is handsomely radiate at the tip ; the root of the
wings, as far almost as the end of the small basal cells, is hardly spo'ted
at all ; the costal cell, quite near the humeral crossvein, has a grayish
crossline, a brownish-black one upon the midille and one of the same color,
but narrower, at the end; the obliterate end of the auxiliar,/ vein, run-
ning perpendicularly towards the anterior margin, is rather liyaline ;
pti^ina altogether brownish or only with a tr:ice of a very small yellowish
drop in the vicinity of its apex, near the anterior margin ; immeiliatcly
beyond the stigma there are two hyaline indentations on the anterior
maruin, the first of which alone reaches the rather distant second bngi-
tudinal vein ; before the en<l of the second longitudinal vein nea* the
anterior maruin, there always is a considerable hyaline drop, wl ich T.
timitia does not possess ; five rays of almo'st equal length occupy the apex ;
the first of them reaches the margin nearer to the end of the second than
of the third vein ; the two following are somewhat expanded at the tip
aud end upon the tips uf tha third and fourth veins ; the last two raj s

•^m * nti mill i

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PESCRII'TION OF THE SPECIES.

815

cro.^s the s»*coiid posterior cell, and tlie last of them is a little l)r«»adfr than
the prt'cediug oue and geuerally connected in the vicinity of its root with
tlie remaining hi'(iwni.-sii-l)lack picture l>y a bruwni.sh-biuck l>i'i'lgt', which
cuts olT tiie end of the hyaline indented interval in the ^i^ ipe of a drop.
Tiie hyaline drops are of a consideialile si/.e, hut not veiy numeioiis ; two
are placed bt tween the third and fourth veill^', the one liefore, tlie other
less far behind the small crossvein ; in the same way there art- only two
drops in the discal cell, placed upon its posterior side, btdow the small
crossvein ; the third posteiior cell contains a drop near its cxtrHiiie basis
and Ave considerable drops upon its distal half; finally four drops ar«
bituated iu the posterior corner of tlie wing, which, however, are less con-
t;picuous on account '>♦' the less daik coloiiug surrounding them. Th«
first and second longitudinal veins are somewhat more distant from the
anterior margin than usual ; the second and third are strongly divergent
towards the end ; a lesser divergency exists between the tliirct and fourth ;
both crossveius are perpendicular and straight; the small one is twice as
tar from the basis as from the end of the discal cell; the third vein is
distinctly bristly ; there is uo distinct concavity in the first po>terior cell,
and the spot where it occurs iu some species is uut darker than the sur-
roundings.
Hub. Brazil (coll. t. Wiuthem).

55. T. melanogastra Lw. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 24.)— lAiteo-cinerea,
abdomine nigro, capite pedibusque flavis ; setae scutelli ilu;e; alarum
pictura nigra, in apice radiata, prope niarginem posticum paulo confer-
tius, in disco rarissime guttata, gutta cellula; pusterioris prima' unica;
Vena lougitudinalis tertia non setosa.

Yellowish-gray, abdomen bl.ack, head and feet yellow; scntelluin with
two bristles ; the black picture of the wings with rays at the tip, more
densely puttate in the vicinity of the posterior margin, v. ry sparsely
in the middle, and with a single drop in the first jHisterior cell ; the third
longitudinal vein is m)t bristly. Long. corp. % 0.09, J cum terebia
0.12; long. al. 0.12.

Byn. Trtjprta vielonogastrn LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 90. Tab. II, f. 24.

Hal). Cuba (Poey).

Ohaervation 1 — Two misprints must he corrected in the
description iu the first voluuic of tlicso Moiio<rrapl»s : tlic fi<riire
of tiie \\'\ng i.s quoted fijr. 2:}, instead of 24, and on pajre !)I, line
19, "fiftli" must be read, instead of "lirst." Moreover, it must
be added that the fifjure was drawn from a female specimen.
Tlie relation of T. melannr/ciKlra to T. mexicaita Wied. will bo
e.xplaiiied under the liead of the latter.

Observation 2. — 2'. melanogastra belongs, together with the

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316

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

V

preceding species, to the gemis Euarenta; it differs from tliom in
the presence of only two bristles upon the srntellinn and in llic
absence of bristles upon the third vein. In the system adopted
by me some time ago for the European Trypetidoe, this spe( ies,
on account of the somewhat prolonged flaps of its proboscis nud
of the ba''"ness of the third vein, would have to be placed in the
genus Oxijna. I do not believe that its generic separation from
the preceding species is to be recommended. A chjse relative
of this species is a Brazilian one, which differs, however, in its
wings being comparatively much narrower and its body more
slender. I let its description follow : —

fer

n

m

m

T. tennis n. sp. 9* ("Tab. X, f. 29.) — Aiipusta, luteo-cinerea, cipite
pediliusque gracilil)us flavis; .scfse Kcutelli duae; al;e pro portioiie
aiigu.>^taB, i)ictuia iiigrS. in aiigulo postico elut4, in apiue radiata, judjie
margiiHun posticum coufertius, in disco rarissimo guttata, gulta celluice
posterioi'is piinia) uuic^.

Slender, yellowisli-gray ; tlieliead and the plender feet are yellow; winp3
conipaiatively narrow, with a black picture, which is faded on the
posterior angle, radiate on the apex, more densely guttate rear t)ie
posterior margin, very sparsely in the middle of the wintr, where the
first jiosterior cell contains but a single drop; third longitudinal vein
not bristly. Long. corp. cum terebra 0.13 ; long. al. 0.13.

Body .emarkably narrow and slender. Ground color blackish, hut so
much covered with yellowish pile and pulverulence that thornx an I
abdomen have a yellowish-gray appearance. Head, including antenn;p,
palpi, and proboscis, yellow ; occiput, on its upper half, with a large lilack-
ish-gray spot. The front a little more than of medium breadth ; its nsu;il
bristles blackish. Face somewhat excavated and narrower than the front.
Antennae somewhat broad, not quite reaching the edge of the mouth, which
is somewhat drawn upwards, but does not project distinctly in the prdtile.
Eyes comparatively large and rounded ; cheeks very narrow. The jialjii
reach to the anterior edge of the mouth. The suctorial flaps seem to he
somewhat injured in the described specimen, so that I am not quite .-lire
whether the pndioscis is geniculate or not ; I believe that, in uniujnird
specimens, it would look short-geuiculate ; the dark color which the Haps
have in tl'.o dtiscribed specimen is certainly an unnatural one. Tim
ground color of the thorax is altogether blackish, even upon the Imineral
corners ; its upper side has a yellowish-gray appearance, in consecjiiHiico
of its pulverulence and pile; on the m^^tathoiax and the jileiiia^ tlie
coloring is more blackish-gray. Tiie scntelhu.i is of the same cdldrini;
witii tiie upper side of the thorax, the extreme ajiex only soiiu'wIlI
tinged with yellow ; it bears only two bristles, which, like those of tlin

'itl

r.^

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

317

thorax, are Mackish. Abdomen narrow, Imt little more pray than the
upper side of the thorax, witliout any rows of dark .Mjidts, Imt ou
each side of tl' second segment with a hut little apparent yellow spot;
the short pile as well as the longer hairs upon the posterior margin of the
last segment are yellowish. The flat, shining blaek ovipositor is as long
as the whole abdomen, and beset with dark pile. Tiie feet are slender
and yellow, as well as the coxse. Wings rather hyaline, with a brownish-
black very continuous reticulation ; the root of the wings is not distinctly
spotted as far .ns tlie end of the small basal cells, but somewhat dusky ;
upon the miildle of the costal cell there is a blackish-brown crossline; the
Btigma does not contain any liyaline drop, but its inner basal end is very
slightly tinged with yellow; immediately beyond the stigma tlicre are,
near the anterior margin, two drop-like hyaline spots ; each of them has
a sniall hyaline drop nnder it, below the second longitudinal vein ; the
second one is smaller; before the end of the second vein there is no
liyaline drop; near the tip of the wing the r\h'x shows the usu- 1 five rays,
which have a considerable breadth, and the last of which is connected by
a bridge with the remaining brownish-black coloring, whiidi thus isolates
the inner end of the hyaline interval in the shape of a drop; the anterior
side of the fourth vein shows two conspicuous spots, one immediately
before, the other not far beyond, the small crossvein ; in the discal cell
there are three hyaline drops along the fifth vein, the middle one being
the largest and lying almost under the small crossvein ; above the last of
these drops there is sometimes one little drop more; the extremt! basis of
the discal cell also shows an indistinct, 8om>. times double, little drop; the
third posterior cell contains but a few laige drops, which are partly coal-
escent in couples ; the posterior corner of the wing is likewise guttate,
but the drops are much less apjiareut here, owing to the pale ground color.
The small crossvein is hardly half as distant from the end of the discal
cell as from the basis ; the third longitudiual vein is not bristly.
llab. Brazil (collect, v. Winthem).

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56. T. niexicana WiKD. %. (Tab. X, f. 28.)— Luteo-cinerea, abdo-
mine nigro, adversus basim interdum sordide luteo, capite pedibusijue
flavis ; setae scutelli dn?e; alarum pictura nigi'a in apice radiata, radiis
tamen in marginem posticum excurrentibus minus explicatis et minus
liberis, prope marginem posticum confertius, in disco rarissime guttata,
gutt^ cellulae posterioris primae uiiic^; vena longitudinalis tertia nou
setosa.

Yellowish-gray, abdomen black, sometimes of a dingy clay-yellow towards
the basis ; head and feet yellow ; scutellum with two bristles ; the black
picture of the wings is radiate on the apex, but the rays in the vicinity
of the posterior margin are less developed and less free ; the drops near
the posterior margin are more numerous, those in the middle of the
wing very sparse ; the first posterior cell contains but a single drop ;

'if

tm

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313

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

M

tliird longitudiual veiu not besut with bristles. Long. corp. 0.09 — 0.10 ;
loug. al. 0.12.

Syn. Tri/prtn meTicana Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 551.

Yollowish-gray. Front of a more vivid yellow, upon tlio lateral
margin with a rather indistinct whitish pollen ; the usual l)ristl('3
upon it arel)lack; those on the vertical margin pule yellowish.
Eyes rounded ovate; cheeks very narrow. Face di^^tinctly
excavated, the anterior edge of the mouth is strongly drawn
upwards and rather projectiii"- in the profile. The bristles of the
thoracic dorsum seem to be bi k, in reflected light they appear
brown ; in the middle of the dorsum there are but two pairs, the
first of which is very much mlvanced. The short pile upon the
thorax and the bristles upon the pleurte are pale yellowi^ih.
Scutelluni of a dingy-yellow at the tip, and with two bristles.
Abdomen black (a male from Texas shows a dingy yellnwish
coloring at the basis), appearing almost grayish-lilack under a
very thin pulverulence, which does not prevent it from retaining
some lustre ; its pile is almost without exception pale yellowish.
]''eet and coxae rather saturate yellow, the pile and bristles upon
them yellowish. Wings liyaline with a brownish-black j)i(ture,
which is almost completely radiate towards the end; however,
the rays ending in the posterior margin are less developed and
less separated from each other than is the case in a normal pattern
<if this kind ; the hyaline intervals between the rays distinctly
i^how that they owe their origin to confluent drops. The root
of the wings is but little spotted as far as the beginning of the
stigma and the end of the small basal cells; the adjoining portion
of the picture is almost without drops, so as almost to assume
the appearance of an oblique crossband, running towards the
posterior margin; the stigma at its basis contains a small hyaline
drop; immediately beyond it, in the marginal cell, there are two
square hyaline spots, separated by a brownish-black line ; under
the first of them the submarginal cell contains a considerable
liyaline drop; the anterior side of the fourth vein shows two large
drops, the one a little before, the other a little beyond the small
crossvein ; the discal cell, on the fifth vein, contains three drops,
the first of which is the smallest and the second the largest; the
third posterior cell contains, besides the small hyaline spot at the
basis, four drops of considerable size, three of which are placed
at the posterior side of the fifth longitudinal vein ; in the jiuste-

^1

r

DESCUU'TION OP THE SPF,CIE8.

319

rior corner likewise there are several drops, Tiio third loiiijitu-
dinal vein is without bristles and tlio small crossvein correspoudd
to the second third of the discal cell.

Hub. Mexico (Berlin Mnseuui) ; Texas (TJelfraire).

Observation. — The ahovo description, as well as the fia-ure, are
prepared after the specimen in the Berlin Miisenm, which is the
original type of Wiedemann's description. Two males, sent hy
Mr. Belfrajre from Texas, agree in all respect.s, with the oidy
exception that, in one of them, the hasisof the abdomen is diiiiry
yellowish. I am in doubt whether T. mcrirnna is nut the male
of the Cuban species, which I described as T. inclaniKjaxIra, and
of which r possess x very imperfect soiled and faded specimen, not
sufficient to enable me to form an opinion. A part of the appa-
rent dilferences may be due to this condition of the specimen.
The description of T. vnelannrjaxtra in the first vohimc; of the
!Monotjraphs say.s that there is sometimes a clear drop immedi-
ately iK'fore the end of the .sceond vein ; I must complete this
.statement by saying that this drop exists in the two females of
my collection, but not in the male; whether this dilTerence in the
picture of the wings is a constant, or at least an ordinary, sexual
distinction, I am not prepared to say. The development of the
rays ending in the posterior margin in the female of T. \nrhtno-
gaxtra is not even always as complete as Tab. X, f. 2i (drawn
after a female specimen) represents it; and the nmle of my col-
lection approaches very much in this n^spect the typical jnalc of
T. viexicana. The difTerences which fig. 24 and '2S show in the
development of the drops in the vicinity of the ])ostorior margin,
arc of not much importance for specific distinction, as the
reticulation in that vicinity is V(n'y variable in many species. All
these circumstances seem to militate very strongly in favor of
specific identity. The only notable difference which I can
perceive in t!ie typical male of T. mexicana (in the Berlin
Museum) as well as in the two males from Texas in my collection,
when compared to my single male specimen and my two females
of T. melanngaatra, consists in the j)osition of the hyaline drop
in the subniarginal cell, which in T. mexicana is placed under
the first of the two hyaline indentations situated in fnmt of it,
while in T. mrlnnnrfnsfra it is under the l)rown line which sepa-
rates the two indentations. This dilference is not important and
not equally distinct iu all specimens, and it is probaljJe that the

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NORTH AMERICAN TUYPKTINA.

c'oiDpurison of a larger number of lliciu will still nioro prove it^
insigiiificaiK'o. There will be no reason then to niaiatuiu T.
iiulanoijadra as a separate species.

%:

:•?

ftT. T. piira n. sp. 9 . — Cinerea, thorace fusco-vittato, pilisqnc alhiilis
iiistructo, alidoiiiiueiiigro-piloso, capite pedibusqUHt-x fiistso-lutt'is ; sftie
Bcuti'lli quatuor; &\x albi>lie, prietei' basim «t aiiguhiiii posticuui c-olore
nitrro guttato-rHticulatse, in apice railiata), giittir* in diinidio i)osterior<»
coiifertis, in anteriore rarissimis, tribiis taiiiHii uiiijoribus ultra stigma
in ti'ianguluu dispositis; vena longiiudinalis tertia non pilosa.

Gray, thorax with brown longitnainal wtiipi'S and white pile, abdomen
witii bhiclf pile, head and fent broivnishyi-Ilow ; scutellutu wiili four
bristles; wings whitish, exoept the basis and the posterior angle, with
a black reticulation, which is radiate ou the apex; it is nunierously
guttate upon the posterior region, sparsely on the anterior ; immediately
beyond tlie stigma tliere are three large drops, disposed in a triaiiL,'le;
the tliiril longitmlinal vein is not bristly. Long, corp. cum terebiil
0.22; long. al. 0.1'J.

Gray; abdomen more blackisli-gray. Head clay-yellowish;
the front more brown i.^h-])rick c(jlor (which may be due to a dis-
coloration of the described «})ecini('n) ; it is roniarkably broiid,
almost half as broad as the whole head; the usual l)ristles upnii
it arc black, the bristles on the vortical iiiar<riu wliitish.
Antennae almost brownish-brick color; the short jiile on the
se. ond segment is whitish; that on the third is blackish; the
third joint is gently excised on the upper side; arista blackish-
brown. Oral ojjeniug of medium size; its anterior edge some-
what drawn upwards and a little projecting in the prolile. Pro-
boscis not geniculate; palpi not quite reaching to the anterior
edge of the mouth, with black pile. Eyes rounded, their jierpeii-
dicular diameter but little longer than the horizontal one. Cheeks
of a moderate breadth. Thoracic dorsum with indistinctly
limited, although well-marked, rather dark brown longitudinal
stripes ; its short pile is whitish, the bristles black. Scutelluni
grayish-brown, with a broad grayish border on the sides, and
with four black bristles. The ground color of the abdomen is
black, the posterior margin of each segment brick-red, especially
the last segment, where this border is the broadest ; its pih; is
yellowish-white in the vicinity of the basis only, elsewhere with-
out exception black. Ovipositor flatteiu'd, rather broadly trun-
cate at the end, shorter than the last two abdominal segments

^i

DESCUIPTK-N OF Till; fcPKClKS.

821

taken together, reel or ijrowuish-red, with a l)huk border at tlie
tip; its pile is biuciv, \vijiti,>li on tlie busul eonier.s only; on the
under side there is some wiiitish pile, conspicuous for its greater
length. The whole venter has a brick-brownish coloring; the
pile upon it seems to be of the same color as that on the upper
vside. Feet brownish clay-yellow, almost brownisli, i)rick color.
"Wings in the reflected light altogether milky-white, in a trans-
mitted light whitish-hyaline. The picture of the wings is black;
it does not cover the whole posterior corner of the wing and the
longitudinal half of the third posterior cell, contiguous to it, with
the only exception of a very striking black border along the sixth
longitudinal vein; above this the reticulation begins a little
beyond the little basal cells, and, at the anterior margin, with the
black stigma, which contains no drops. The space thus left free
contains but a few isolated little black spots. The jjattern uf the
j>!eture recalls the European 2\ jniLhra Lw. (compare my
Tnjpdidfie, Tab. XXIV, f. 2); in the shape and position of the
two portions of it which ore almost without any drops, it is still
more like T. conjuncta Lw. (conip. 2'ri/pt'lidie, Tab. XXIV, f.
1), only the drops uj)on the posterior half of the wing are much
more numerous than in those two species; the first almost diip-
less space begins at the stigma and runs obli(iuely to the small
crossvoin; the second is limited posteriorly by the fourth vein and
becomes completely confluent with the first space upon and
immediately behind the third vein ; upon the anterior margin
both spaces aVe separated, immediately beyond the stigma, by a
large, somewhat triangular drop, and l)y a rounded drop which
follows it ; a third droj), of considerable size, in the submarginal
cell, forms a triangle witu the other two; the submarginal cell
contains, moreover, under the second ri'op near the anterior
margin, another little drop; the second almost non-reticulated
sjiaee contains two drops on the anterior margin, the first of
which is a little distance before, the second immediately beyond
the end of the second longitudinal vein, and sends four tolerably
well-developed rays towards the margin; the first two of these
coincide with the ends of the second and third longitudinal veins,
the last two are in the second ]>osterior cell ; the first basal cell
shows only a row of drops along its posterior side; the first
posterior cell contains, besides a few very small drops in the
vicinity of its posterior side, a large drop, placed a little before
21

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NOllTII AMKIUCAN TRYI'ETINA.

I
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the end of the discal cell ; the nunierous drops of the discul cell
are of very uiieqiiul ^ize, show an inelliuUion to he arniii^r,'(l in
two rows and leave more black space on the anterior than tin tlu'
posterior side; in the third posterior cell the somewhat lueeralcd
reticulation is confined in a very marked manner, to the SDnie-
what larger longitudinal half of the cell, contiguous to the discal
cell; both crossveins are perpendicular and less distant from cadi
other than the leugth of the small crossveiu; the third veiu is not
bristly.

Ilab. Massachusetts (Sanborn).

Observation. — I place this species in the genus Euoresta, on
account of the reticulation, which is radiate on the apex. While
T. /estiva, speclahilis, bidla, obscitriiwntris, mexicana, melitno-
gastra, and tenuis, all closely related, form the solid nucleus (if
the genus, the connection of T. pura with it is a ))urc!y artificial
one, based upon a resemblance in the picture of the wings; it has
more real relationship to tho.se Urellise, the scutellum of which
has four bristles. Hut in order to place T. j^ura in that genus, it
will be necessary to modify its definition, which will have to l»c ddiie
in further developing the system of the Trypdina. According
to the system adopted in my Monograph of the European Irij-
petidse, this species would Lave to be placed in the genus
Tephritis.

58. T. abstersa Lw. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 7.)— Cinerea, capite, pedibus
et scutello sutia quatuor instructo, flavis ; alarum diiuidiuiu ba!ial«
colore cinereo obsolete reticulatum, apicale macule uig'r^, piilchre radi-
ate, ornatum.

Gray, head, feet, and the four-bristly ecntellum yellow ; the proximal half
of the wings with a faded gray reticulation, the distal half with a black,
handsomely radiated spot. Long. corp. 'J 0.12 — 0.13, f cum torebra
0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.12-O.13.

Stn. Trypeta abstersa Loew, Dipt. Amer. Cent. II, No. 77.

The ground color of thorax and abdomen is rather variable ;
generally it is altogether blackish ; the humeri, often also tlie
upper side of the pleurae, the scutellum, the basis of the abdomen,
and the posterior margins of its segments usually are, to a greater
or lesser extent, clay -yellowish; sometimes the yellowish color \^
so extended, that, except upon the thoracic dorsum and the mctu-
thorax, hardly any blackish is left; nevertheless the ground color
of the thorax and of the abdomen is so covered up by a pale

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

323

pulvprulonce and pale yclluwish ])ilo, that tliorax and abdomen
assume a uniform gruyifili-yellow luie. Jleiid yellow, except tlio
niiildle of the occiput, which shows a large hlackish-brown spot.
Front nuher broad, attenuated anteriorly; the usual bristles very
pale yellowish. Anteniiaj dark yellow, not quite reaching tho
somewhat projecting edge of tli«f mouth ; the anterior eorner of
the tiiird joint rounded. The broad oral opening rather round.
rrol)osci.s and palpi short, not reaching beyond the anterior edge
of tho oral opcidng; prol)oscis not geniculate. Tho upper side
of the thorax is beset with brown or brownish bristles. Scu-
tellum yellow, with four bristles. Ovipositor reddish-yellow,
flat, rather broad, somewhat shorter than tho last two al)doniinal
segments taken together, beset with whitiph pile. Feet yellow,
front femora with yellowish bristles. Wings hyaline; their
proximal half is somewhat less limpid than the distal one, rather
uniformly pictured with a loose, gray reticulation, which is
faintest near the anterior margin; tho distal half of tho wing
is occupied by the radiated black spot, characteristic of the genua
Urellia, which extends from the anterior margin to the fourth
vein; this spot emits two narrow oblique rays, running towards
the anterior margin ; the first begins at the anterior end of tho
small crossvein and runs to the end of the colorless stigma; the
second, shorter one, reaches the margin in the middle between
the tip of the stigma and beginning of the black spot itself; three
rays run towards the apex, of which the ends of the two posterior
ones coincide with the ends A the third and fourth veins, where
they are somewhat expanded ; tlie shortest, anterior ray, some-
times separated from the body of the black spot ])y two drops
only, reaches the anterior margin between the ends of the second
and third veins; the first two of the rays running towards the
posterior margin cross the middle of the second posterior cell ;
the narrower third ray follows the posterior crossvein and is
sometimes connected with the second by a gray bridge, which
divides the hyaline indentation between them into two large
drops; in the first posterior cell, above and a little bt'foro the
posterior crossvein there is a large h}''aline drop, which, u})Ou its
proximal side, is bordered with black or blackish. Tho third
vein is not bristly.

Hab. North America (coll. Winthem); Cnl)a (Gundlaeli).

Observation 1. — I have described T. ubstersa in tho Dipt. Am.

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NOllTll AMLKIC'AN TllVl'KTJNA.

C't'iit. II, after a North Aiiicricun fiiiiiiK' in the Wintlicin cullec-
tii'ii. I Iiavt! r('(.'c'ivcil .siiici; .scvt-ral .sjMM'iuit'iis of u Culmii 'ii ',■•
jT/a from Mr. (iiwidkit'li, wliicli I t^upposu to l)u tlie ,^alllt' s|»('ci('>.
Tliey are souiowliut siiiiiUur, Imvu a more extended Idackisli
coloring, and the ineompluto gray rotifulution of the inoximal
lialf of the wing is considerably (hiiker towards the posterior
margin. Unfortunately, I luive not the original speeimcn of ihe
"Winthem collection at hand for comparison, and, therefore, can-
not fiiuilly decide al)out the Hi)ccifie identity, in the figure of
the wing, the gray reticulation of its pro.xinial half i^* repioenled
by the engraver as too distinctly giittato, in fact more .so tiian is
the ca.se in either tlio Cuban or in the typical specinn'n.

Observation 2. — T. abti/o'fia belongs in the genus CreUin, and
in the group of species having four bristles upon the scutelhim.
The more devehjpcd jiicture on the basal half of the wing i'e(piires,
liowevcr, that it should be placed on the limit of thi^* genus and
in the close relationship of T. pura and similar species.

60. T. polyclona n. pp. 9. — Anjiclo-cin^rea, oapite sque

tl.ivi.'^; Bctffi scut«<lli qiiatuor; nlffi hynliiiFe, prnter diiiiidii npic.ilis
mncnlain niapnam nigram, radios iioveiu eniittente, duos in cosliim,
duot) iu apic4<iu et qainque iu uiarginem postieuiii exciirrentfs.

Whitiah-gray, heail nmt ffi't yellow. Scutelluin with four liristlns ; wines
liyaline, ujjon tlinir distal half with a large Ijlaok spot, which emit-i
nine rays, namely, two to the anterior margin, two to the apex, Jind live
to the posterior margin. Long. corp. otim terel)r& U.15 ; long. al. 0.14.

Of this liandsome species I possess only a single, rather worn,
specimen. Head yellow, of the same structure as in T. abstersn,
only the front comparatively narrower. Thora.Y, scutellum, and
the whole abdomen whitish-gray. The bristles on the scutellum
are broken off, nevertheless it is apparent that they were four in
number. Ovipositor black, somewhat longer than the last two
abdominal segments taken together. Feet yellow. Wings
whitish-hyaline, upon their distal half with a large spot, emitting
nine rays towards the margin of the wing; the spot is a little
removed from the small ctossvein, near which, in the first basal
cell, there is an irregular blackish spot; the first ray runs from
tl'.e anterior end of the small crossvein in an oblique direction
through the otherwise colorless stigma, to the costal vein, which,
at the place where it is thus reached, has a conspicuously black

DES^;i«P'nuN OF TlIK SPECIES.

3-'0

color; tlio sooond ray also rmi-i <>l)Ii<jiit'Iy to tlic iiiitcrior marjfin,
wliit'li it reuclK's Ijc'loru tiic niidillo of lliu tlistaiicc hi'twcfii tlio
(■tills uf thu SL'foiKi uiid lliiril loiigitiKliiial vuiii.s; tlio tliinl tiiid
fourth rays run towiinls tiju api'x and oud upon tlir ends of ilio
third uud fourtii vein.s; amuiij^ the livu rays running toward, the
|)ostt'rior inar^riu, tlio lirst two croMS, u.s usiml, iho st'i-ond po.-^ii'-
rior cell, and thu third Idllow.s the posterior crossvein; the Inuriii
orif^iiiati'S l)Ut little; beyond the postctrior crossvein, exaetly al tiio
place where the spot IucIokcs a lar^e drop, placed on the anterior
side of the fourth vein; it runs alnn)st parallel to the precedinj^
ray as far as the posterior marjrin; the last ray finally orij^iiiates
at the posterior end of the isiuall crossvein, and runs in a very
oblicpie direction, diverfrinj^froni that of the precedinj; r.iy, towards
the luarfrin, in the vicinity of which the intensity of its coloriii}^
is diminished; the drops, throufjli the coalescence of which the
hyaline intervals hetween the last three rays arc formed, are
indicated by the irrefrular outliius of the last two rays; besides
the drop already mentioned, which is situated on the anterior
side of the fourth vein, the black spot contains a second drop
iuunediately beyond the end of the second veiu.

Hah. Cuba ((Jundlach).

Obxervathn 1. — T. poli/rhmn is a typical UreUia, and belonjrs,
as well as 2'. abdersa, to the division with four bristUiS on the
scutellum.

Obaervation 2. — One would almost be tempted to recognize in
this species the T. wevarna "Walker, List, etc., IV, p. 1()2.'{, from
Florida, which is an UrrUia. lint a positive identification is
prevented by the circumstance that Walker mentions the feet as
having black pile, which is not at all the case in my species.

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60. T. Solaris Lw. 9* (Tat). X, f. 19.) — Albido-cinerea, capite pedi-
bupque flavia, 8«tffi st-ntelli duje ; aire albo-liyalini-e, prope venani trans-
versalem mediain suhinfust^itaB, iu (iiniiilio aiiicali luacalrl iiiaL,'ii^ iiii,'n\
ornatse, guttas dua8 iiicludttute et radios septHU integroa, outvuaiii(]ue
al)l)reviatum emittfntc.

Whitish-gray, head and ffet yellow; scntellum with two bristles ; win^S
whitiHli-hyaline, brownish in the vicinity of tlie small croRsvein, iqion
the distal lialf with a large l)lai'k spot, wliiuh contains two drops and
emits eight rays, the last of which alone is shorteyed. Long. corp.
cum terebrS, 0.17; long. al. 0.16—0.17.

Syn. Trypeta Solaris Loi:w, Monogr., etc., I, p. 84. Tab. II, f. 10.

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826

NOKTH AMERICAN TKYrETlNA.

Uab. Georgia (Osten-Saeken).

Obxervatiun. — To the above-quott'd description I must add, in
order to faeilitate the distinetion from tlie following s^peeies, tliat
the raj'S running towards the posterior margin arc strongly
mariied, and that the last of them ends ?brui)tly at tlie fifth vein
(the distance is too largo in the figure); that there is no trace of
a blackish spot near the fifth vein, but that, in the discal cell,
immediately beyond its middle, there is an exceedingly ntinute
gr;.y mark. This species is a typical Urellia, of the group with
two bristles ou the scutellum.

Gl. T. actinoliola n. sp. % , — Albido-cinerea, capite pedibnuqne
flavis, Beta; acutelli dusB, al» totse alho-hyaliiiffi, pisetjT punotum uiL;rum
veii?e quiiitse oppositum in diiuidio apieali macule inagn& iii^r:^ ornatse,
gutta.s duas in ilndeute et radios septem iutegros, ectavututiue abbrevi-
atuiu eniitteute.

Wliitisb-gray, h^ad and feet yellow, scntellnm witb two bristles ; wings
altogether whitish hyaline, with the exception cf a piinctil'ornj dot on
the ilfth longitudinal vein and of a large black eipot upon the dintal
half of the wing; the latter contains two drops and emits eight rays,
the last of which alone is abbreviated. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.14; long,
al. 0.15.

This species is so vri-y like the preceding that tlie mention of
the differences in the ])icture of the wings will be sufficient for its
recognition. There is no trace here of the brownish coloring
which, in T. ,>r/ar?',s', surrounds the small crossvein, and likewise
none of the minute mark in the first basal cell, near the small
crossvein ; the little dot beyond the middle of the discal cell
which occurs in T. solan's is likewise wanting here; but instead
of these, there is, on the posterior side of the fifth vein, nearly
under the end of the first vein, a very well-nuirked ijuiictiform
blackish dot; the large black spot on the apex is very like that
in T. Solaris, with, the following differences : the first ray is not
extinguir.hed within the stigma, but crosses it without being dis-
colored and reaches the margin ; the rays running towards the
apex and the posterior margin a'"e very much narrower; the same
applies to the last ray, which, moreover, is interrupted already iu
the discal cell, before reaching the fifth vein.

JIab. Texas (Belfrage).

T ^ ' 1 V

.f

ANALTTICAL TABLE OF THE SMALLER GENERA,

ADOPTED FOll THE NORTH AMEKICAN TUYPETiE.

A picture on the 'vings is extant, but it ia never reticulate. 2

, Tlie picture id entirely or partly reticulate, sometimes altogether
* winitiug.' 15

„ ( Scutellum with six bristles.* I. HEXACHiBTA

I Hcutellum not with six bristles. 3

I The third veiu conspicuously curved forwards at the tip.

3 < I II. ACROTOXA.

'The third vein not curved forwards at the tip. 4

. ( Tlie picture of the wings is on tlie rivulet-pattern. 5

I Tlie picture of the wings is not on the rivulet-pattern. 8

, ( Hody elongate, abdomen narrower than thorax. VI. Stradssia.

Body short, abdomen as broad as thorax.

(5

Horizontal diameter of the eyes remarkably shokt. III. Stenopa.

( Hon
( Hori

izontal diameter of the eyes not shorter than usual. 7

^ ( The antt penultimate section of the fourth vein straiglit. IV. Acidia.
( The antepenultimate section of the fourth vein curved. V. Kpuouka.
( Coloring of tlie body generally light, nev t black. 9

8

9^

( Colorini? of the body black. 13

( Upon the middle of the wing there are two crossbauds converging
I towards the posterior margin.

lU

j No crossbauds converging posteriorly upon the middle of the wing..

I 11

fThe third longitudinal vein is gently curved batk wards towards the

I end; head not tumid. VII. Hpii.ookapha.

10 I

j The third longitudinal vein is straight, up to its tip; head perceptibly

I swollen. VIII. Okpicaukna.

f Wings with four very oblicjue crossbauds and with very oblique
appi'oximate crossveins. 12

Wings with crossliands which are rather perpendicular or dissolved
in spots anil with very steep crossveins. Y.i. Tkvpeta.

11^

' Anion;; these species is T. [.ichtemhinii, the picture of which cannot
well le called reticuli>»e, but rather spotted.
* Compare also Epochra,

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328

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

12
13

14^

15

16
17

18
19

20

21

22

23
24

25

i Scutellr 1 tumid, bituberoulate. IX. Per^inyma.

J Si-utuUuiu of the ordinary structure, uot swollen, although euiivux.
^ X. Plaoiotoma.

/ Crossveins eouspicuously approximate, scutellum uuusually swollen.
< XII. Oeuaspi:;.

' Cross veins not approximate, scutellum not swollen. 14

f Scutellum yellow, with four bristles, wings with black crossbaiids.

XIII. RuAooi.Fyns.
Scutellum black, with two bristles, wings black, with hyaline indeii-
[ tations along the margin. XIV. Aciura.

/ Fifth vein strongly bristly; scutellum with six bristles.
■? XV. Blepharoxeura.

' Fifth vein not bristly; scutellum with six or two bristles. Itj

( Wings bonded on the apex. XVI. AcKOTiExiA.

I Wings not banded on the apex. 17

{Face spotted. ]8

Face not spotted. 19

Wings very much dilated ; pattern of the picture not radiatine;.

XVII. Edtreta.

Wings not dilated ; the pattern of the picture radiating along the

margin (Tab. XI, f. 3). XVIII. Cakpuotkicha.

{Front remarkably broad. 2o

Front narrow, or of medium breadth. 21

Third antennal joint short, rounded at the tip, ovipositor conical.

XIX. KCKOSTA.

Third antennal joint remarkably long, with a very sharp anterior
angle, ovipositor flattened. XX. Acidogona.

Wings without picture, or on the apical half only, with a reticulation
dissolved in crossbands. XXI. Aspilota.

Wings neither without picture, nor, on the apical half, with a reticu-
lation dissolved in bands. 22
i Wings of an evenly broad shape, and with an unusually blunt apex.
(Tab. X, f. 18, and Tab. XI, f. 9.) XXII. Ictekii«,
Wings of the usual shape or dilated. 23
{Flaps tif the proboscis very much prolonged. XXIII. Essixa.
Flaps of the proboscis short, or but little prolonged. 24
( Pattern of the picture not radiating. XXIV. Tepheitis.
I Pattern of the picture radiating. 25
'The whole or nearly the whole surface of the wings with a unicolor-
ous reticulation. XXV. Euakksta.
A star-shaped black picture on the apex, the remaining surface
immaculate, or with very few spots, at the utmost with a very
faded reticulation. XXVI. Ukellia.

Ii

3ISTRIBUTI0N OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETE
AMONG THE ADOPTED SMALLER GENERA.

Gen. I. Hexach-bta.

1. eximia Wied.

2. amabilis uov. sp.

Gen. II. AfROTosA.

3. sa^pensa Lie.

4. fraterculus Wied.

5. ludens iiov. sp.

6. tricincta uov. sp.

Gen. III. Stenopa.

7. vuluerata nov. sp.

Gen. IV. AciDiA.

8. fratria Lw.

9. suavis Lw.

Gen. V. Epochra.

10. canadensis nov. gp.

Gen. VI. Stracssia.

11. lougipennis Wied.

Gen. VII. Spiloorapha.

12. electa Say.

13. flavonotata Afacq.

Gen. VIII, Oedicarena.

14. tetanops nov. sp.

Gen. IX. Peronyma.

15. sarcinata Lto.

Gen. X. Plaoiotoma.

16. discolor Lw,

17. obliqua Say.

Gen. XI. Trybeta.

18. palposa Lw.

19. florescentiae Lin:

Gen. XII. Oedaspis.

20. polita Lw.

21. atra Lw.

22. gibba nov, sp.

Gen. XIII. Rhaooletis.

23. cingulata Lw,

24. tabellaria Fitch.

25. pomonella Walsh.

Gen. XIV. Acidra.

2(j. iusecta Lw.

Gen. XV. Blepharon-kcra.

27. pceoilogastra nov. sp.

Gen. XVI. Acrot-bnia.

28. testudinea nov. sp.

Gen. XVII. Eptreta.

29. pparsa Wieil.

30. rotuudipennis Lw.

Gen. XVIII. CARpnoTRicHA

31. culta Wied.

Gen. XIX. Eurosta.

32. solidaginis Fitrh.

33. comma Wii-d.

34. latifrons Lw.

K 329 )

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330

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

Gen. XX. Acidiooka.

35. uielauura nor. sp.

Gen. XXI. AsprLOTA.
31). alba Lw,

37. albidipennis Lw.

38. Vtii'Douiee Lw.

Gen. XXII. Icterica.

39. seriata Lw.

40. circinata nov. sp.

41. Lichtensteinii Wied.

Gen.

XXIII.

Ensina.

42.

bumilis Lw.

Geu.

XXIV.

Trphritis.

43.

angustipennia Lw.

44.

finalis Lw.

45.

clathrata Lw.

46. geraiiiata Lw.

47. fucata Fl>r.

48. albiteps nov. sp.
4U. euryptera uov. sp.

50. platypteia uov. sp.

Gen. XXV. Eparfsta.

51. 8e(iualin Liv.

52. festiva Lw.

53. bella Lw.

54. tiiiiida Lw.

55. iiielaiiogastra Lw.
5tj. mexicana Wied.

57. pura nov. sp.

Gen. XXVI. Urkllia.

58. abstersa Lw.

50. polycloiia nov. sp.

611. Solaris Lw.

61, actiuobola nov. sp.

km'-

I*' ■ ill

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN AND THE
AMERICAN FAUNA OF TRYPETINA.

Incomplete as our knowledge of the North American Trype-
tina is, our scanty materials arc, nevertheless, sufficient to enable
us to form an approximate idea of their relation to the European
fauna. Even a superficial comparison of a North Anserican with
a European collection of Tri/petie will show, that certain sub-
genera, characteristic for Europe by the number of species which
represent them, are absolutely or almost wanting in America,
while, on the contrary. North America possesses other, very
peculiar forms, which do not occur in Europe.

We will notice, in, the first place, that the subgenus Urophora,
which, in Europe, embraces fully one-eighth of all the species, is
not represented at all in North America.* Next to this, we
become aware of the fact that the subgenus Trypeta, containing
another eighth of all the European species, is represented in
North America by Tri/pela palpotia only, besides Trypeta Jlores-
centiae Lin., which is very probably in^ ,rted from Europe.

As forms peculiar to North America and entirely foreign to
the circles of relationship of the European Trypetina, the species
of the subgenera Hexachaeta, Acruioxa, Blepharoneura, Alto-
taenia, Eutreta, and Acidogona deserve especial attention.

Besides these two very striking dilferonces betv.'cen the two
faunas, a close comparison reveals other discrepancies ; as, for
instance, that less characteristic European subgenera are entirely
wanting in North America, whHe subgenera occurring in North

' In South America likewise, no speoies of Umphorn have as yet Veen
found; all the South American species published by European authrrs as
Uro/ifinrip do not belong to this genus at all ; most of them are no* even
Tiypetidie, but OrtalidiB, with black crossbauds ou the wings.

(331)

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332

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

America, altliough wanting in Europe, are found to Ije closely
related to European forujs.

Subgenera with a small number of species, occu'ring in Europe
and wanting in North America, are: 1. Plati/pai'ea (two s|)ecios ;
the larva of the typical PL pa!rilo})lera lives in the stems of
Axparogiiti of/icinalis) ', 2. 7:,'»p/( /•«/*/« (one species, on Asclc/n'titi
and Vinvcfojricum) ; 3. Uemilca (one species); 4. ffi^^'cnidium
(one species); 5. Chaclostoina (one species, distinguished l)y the
bristly sides of the face); G. Anonuea (one species, in the fruits
of Cratspf^us) ; 7. Zonoaema (two specie^,, related to Itlinfjohlis ;
in the fruiis of Bona and Jierbrrin)', 8. Rhacochlana (one
species) ; 9. Myopitcs (several, but as yet not well separated
species; the larvte live in the flowers o Inula and of the rehited
genera); 10. fjj)henella (one species; larvae in the flowers of
Senecio). If we accept the sufficiently well-founded division of
the genus Oedanpis, in Ordasjtis and Orellia, we have, niorenver:
11. Orellia (three sjjecies . one on Bryonia, anothcir on Zizij-
phus), to add to those sniu'l European subgenera, which have no
representatives iu North America.

The subgenera peculiar to North America, but allied to some
European forms, are : the subgenera Straussia and Ocdirarma,
which resemble Spilographa ; Epochra and Hivnopn, wliieli
stand very close to Acidia; Aspilofa, Plar/iotoma, and Pcroni/in",
which all approach Trypeta; Icterica, related to O-ryp/iora; and
finally Euroda, closely allied to some species of Oxyna.

Such are the dilTercnces between the twofaume; I will now
show the resemblances, as far as observed, between them.

The most striking coincidence and the most remarkable for the
great nuiul»cr of analogous species, between the two launas,
occurs within the circle of relationship of the Euroi)ean speeirs
belonging to the subgenera: Car})hotricha, Oxyphora, O.ryiui,
Tephritia, Ennina, Urellia. Another point of coincidence of the
same kind, although less well represented as to the number nf
species, occurs within ihe closely related subgenera Spilogra/iho,
Acidia, and Phagolctis, A third one may be noticed within the
genus Oedaitpis. Moreover, the North American species of tlie
subgenera Trypeta and Acinra, a single one in each, are very
much like European species of the same subgenera in their gener:d
appearance. Two species, common to both continents. ha\e,
until now, been ascertained : Trypeta Jlorescentise (living on

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Achillea jitarmica). The siifcilic identity (»t' the Anu'ricaii
Acidia frdtrid nnd the European Avidia hcratlei is not impossi-
ble, altlionirli as yet not certain.

It must be borne in mind, liowcvor, that all the comparative
statements, jriven above, are founded upon a very iniperfect
kiiowledjro of the North American fauna, and may l>e considera-
bly modilied with an increase of this knowledire.

If the European Tri/pidinn be compared, not with those of the
^vllole Nortli American continent, but with the fauna occiirrinjjj
ill America within the European latitudes, then some of tin; moro
fitrikinjr dilferences between tin; two faunas at once disappear, as
those subgenera which are absolutely foreifrn to Europe (Ili.ra-
chfiln, Ari'otojra, Blepharonrura, and Acrotaniia) do not reach
so far north. The occurrence of all four of these subsreiiera in
Brazil proves that they are South American forms, which extend
to the southern portions of the Xorth American continent.

It was to I)e expected that the knowledge of the North American
species should exercise an influence upon the subdivision of the
old genus Triipeta in subirenera, a subdivision hitherto based
almost exclusively upon European si)ecies. Those North Ame-
rican subgenera, which lia" ( no relationship whatever to Euio-
])ean forms, of course merely increase the nund)er of subgenera,
without influencing in any manner the already existing sulMlivi-
sion. But it is different with those sul)genera which contain
forms common to botii continents, and here the modifying iiiflii-
enee of the American fauna becomes apparent. Thus we can
already recognize: 1. That the definition of the suligeiius Car-
pholricha, founded u| on European species, lias to hv modified,
in order to nclude all the species belonging to it; i!. That the
genus Oxiji>hora, in its present acceptation, contains, besides a
number of closely alliod species, several far t(jo aberrant forms;
moreover, that it can no more be separated from the neighboring
subgenera merely by the presence of l)ristles upon the third vein,
a character which hitherto has been found sufficient for the dis-
tinction of the European species; 3. That the subgenus E»)<ii)a
must be taken in a broader sense than has been dune in my
Monograi)h of the European Tri/pcfte, especially through the
addition of some species which, in the same Monograph, were
placed in Oxyna; 4. That the remaining portion of Oxyna

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834

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

must be united generically with the subgenus Tephritis, or else
tliat it should be separated from it in some other manner tlum
has been hitherto done; and that, in ordtr to facilitate the iden-
tification of species, a new genus, closely allied to the two ultuve
named ones, should be founded, for which I have already pro-
posed the name of Euareata.

I reserve for another place to carry out in detail the improve-
ments of the system of Trypetina of which I have here given
the outline, and I intend, at the same time, to take in considera-
tion the known species from all the other continents.

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APPENDIX I.

CRITICAL ENUMERATION OF ALL THE NOKTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA
DESCRIBED BY OTHER AUTHORS.

1. auidUB&. Walk, very probably belongs to the subgenus Acrotoxa ;

what Mr. Walker says of the curvature of the end of the third
longitudinal vein is evidently to be referred to the fourth vein,
and the same remark applies to Trypeta Ethalta Walker, from Para,
which follows upon the former in tlie text.

2. acutangula Thorns., unknown to me; probably belongs to the sub-

genus Tiphritis.

3. eeuea v. d. Wulp (Tijdschr. voor Ent. 2 Ser. II, p. 157), described as

T. {Aciura) anea; does not belong to the TrypetidcB at all, but to the
Ortalidic, and is synonymous with Cfuitopsis cenea Wied. ,

4. albiscutellata Ilarr. has never been described, and, hence, is to be

stricken out.

5. antillarum Macq., described by Macquart as Urophora does neither

belong to this genus nor to the Trypetidee in general, but to the
Ortalidm ; figure and description agree so little that the identifica-
tion will be difllcult.
(5. arcuata Walk, is synonymous with Tritoxn flexa Wied. (Ortalidre).

7. armata li. Desv.. published as a Strauzia, this is the male of T.

(Straussin) longipennin Wied.

8. asteris Harris is identical with T. (Euronta) solidnijinis Fitch, as

Baron Osten-Sacken has shown ; the choice of the name depended
on an erroneous assumption as to the plant on which the larva
lives.

9. anrlfera Thorn., a species unknown to me, belonging to the subgenus

Ensina.

10. avala WnUr. ; the very insufficif t data given by the author do not

even enable me tc decide whether this is a Trypttida or an Orta-
h'da; even the location of the species in the genus Urophora does
not help through this dilemma, because Myennis fnsriata Fab. is
placed in the same genus, thup proving that Mr. Walker was not
cognizant at all of the characters of this genus.

11. Beauvoisii R. Dphv., described as Prinnelln Bennvni/sii ; unknown to

me, so far that I am unable to decide whether it is a Tniprtida or

( 335 )

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336 NORTH AMERICAN TRYI'KTIXA.

an Orliilidii; the former, liowwver, nneins more proltaMe, It^
ot'cuiTHiice in America is uncertain, anil ia only supposeil hy U.
Pesvoidy, becaune the described specimen belonged to /'n/ivuf de
lii'dnroin collection.

12. oaliptera San '-^ synonymous witli T. {Entrrin) s/iiii>ii Wied.

13. oinctlpes lliirria in to be strioken out, as i}iidescrii>Hd.

14. comma Wiid, ,- an Enrostn, hns been dertcribed in tliis vnlunie,

15. cornlgera \Valk.,iiii uuimportunt varit^ty uf the male of T. lont/ijiemtis

Wied.

16. cornlfera Wnlh., same remark as the preceilinij.

17. cribrata v.d. Wulfi (1. c. p l.')8),syn. witti 7'. {Emoata) Uitifmnn I.w.

18. OUlta \Vie<L, a I'lir/ilmliiclKi, desciiiied aliovH.

ly. dinia W'tilh, In tin- Mono^iajdis, Vol. I, 1 exjtressed tlie Hnppositi(.u
tliat it may belonu; to tlie relationslii|) of 7'. (Aciimi) tihlnlis; but
in doing it, I paid too little attention to the coloring of the liody,
1 think it more probable now that this is a sjH'cies closoly alliel to
T. {liexnchata) eTiiiiiii Wied., perhaps even only a badly described
variety of this very species.

20. electa Say, a Spiloi/rnjihii ; has been described in Monographs, Vol. I.

21. ezimia Winl., a Hextichifta, described above; known long ago as a

Brazilian species ; its occurrence in Mexico has been discovered
ivecenlly.

22. fasciventris Marq,, synonymous with T. (HeTorhiptn) r.rlmin Wied.

23. femoralis Thorns,, an unknown Urfllia Ui>\n Ihe group with two

bristles on the scntellnm.

24. fimbriata Macij. is the same as T. {CurphntiicJiu) m/tit Wied.

2.T. flavonotata Morq., a species closely allied to T. (Siiihii/ni/ilia) electa
Say, but not a mere variety of tiiis species, as I formerly supposed.
It is described in this volume.

26. flexa Wkd. is a Tritoxa (Ortalida).

27. fraterculus \Vie<L, described by Wieiiemann as Dacun fraterciilns,

after a specimen fi-om Brazil ; occurs likewise in I'eru, New
Granada, and Culm. Belongs in the genus Acrotom, and is the
same as Trypeta uuicolor Lw., Monognipiis, Vol. I. Wiedemann's
description did not enable me to recognize this identity, wliieh I
have, however, found out since, by comparing the original speci-
men. As a matter of course, Wiedemann's name has to be main-
tained.

28. fticata Fahr. may be referred to Tepliritis, and has been described

above.

29. fulvifrons Macq. is Chaitopxia renen Wied. (Ortalidse).

30. genalis Tlwms., from California; unknown to me; probably a

Tepliritis.

31. Inermis II. Deav., published as a Slrauzia, is T, (Si'raussia) lomji-

peitnU female.

')i

AI'l'ENDlX I.

•Sill

32.
33.

34.

35.
3ti.

37.

38.
3:).
4il.

41.

42.

43.

44.

4r..

4tj.

47.

4S.
41).
50.

fil.
,^2,
5:^.

54.

interrupta Mucq., descriliHil as Cio/ihora, ia not a Tri/petida at all,
but II liirellia of liitlicult iileiitilicHtiuii.

latipenula Ma<</., publirtliHil aa a PI(Hy»u»na, is nioflt c«>rtjiiiily a
Tri/iHitida, ill wiiioii I uaiiuot rticoguize auytliiut{ «lrta hut T.
{Kutreta) sfKirsa,

LichteuBtelnil Wivd., deaoribed above after the typea of Wimie-
uiaiiu'H worli, and piovisiioiialiy placed in th« genus Ji /erica, from
tbn typioal Hpecies of which, howuver, it in Hoinewhiil dilTereut.

liogaster J'fioms. is tiiu amne as T. {Aiidiu) ffdiiin Lvi,

lougipeiinla Wied. is tlie typical speoies of the gouuH Slrmnmin, and,
as it aeeuis, undergoes consideraljle variations. In Monograpiis,
Vol. I, 1 have given a description of this speoies, and in tlie present
volume have enumerated the varieties wliich I iiave liad oocasioa
to see, aciiii" of wliich, however, may lie distinut species.

margiiiepunctata J/ac/., almost certiiinly a Ti i/jieliilu, but which it
would he premature to identify with T. (Curiihotiii/ui) ailtn Wied.
Macquart's data are so very insufficient liiat the identification will
be very difficult.

melliginis /'itch is a Rivellia, umler which head it has been discussed.

mevarna Wnlk., an Urellia, unknown to me.

mexicana Wied., an Emiresta; the above description has been pre-
pared from Wiedemann's typical specimen.

narytia U'ulL: ; the remarks appended above to arala Walk, may be
repeated' here.

novaeboracenais Fitch is synonymous with T. (Euircta) spnrsa
Wh.l.

nigriventris Macq., erroneously described as Uraphnrn ; it is a T'ry-
petidii, which 1 do not know, and concerning the systematic posi-
tion of which I am in doubt.

obliqua Mucq. is an Aciotuxa ; I do not know it.

obliqua Say is the type of the subgenus Playiotoma ; is described in
Monographs, Vol. I.

ocresia Walk, belongs to the subijenus Acrotoxa ; I am unable to
identify it among the species known to me.

picciola lii;i«t (R. de la Hagra, Hist. fls. Cub. Tab. XX, f. 10). This
species, descril""! as Aclnia, is the same as 7'. (Ensiiui) humilis Lw.

picta Fahr., ty\i<-- of the genus Cdiitfitonenra (Ortulida).

pomonella Walsh, snbisfiius Rhagolciis, is described in this volume.

quadrifasciata Muri/. I suppose that this species will be found to
be identical with T. (Pcrnni/iiKi) narcinatu Lw.

quadrivittata ,^facq. is an Ortalida.

scutellaris Wied. is an Ortalida.

scutellata Wied. is a Tnjpeta the position of which cannot be made
out of Wiedemann's description ; Wiedemann's typical specimen
unfortunately is no more in existence.

septenaria Harris is to be stri(!ken out, as undescribed.
±1

>, •

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308

NiillTII AMEIllCAN TUVl'KTINA.

C5. lolldaglnls f'itcfi, nii Kura.-tn, HutUcioiUly (luMuribu<l in Mnuognipli.'^,

Vol. 1.
RG. sparsa \Vii<l, ; described Iti Moiiographs, Vol. I ; typioul Hp«uleH of the

gciuirt Eitlrita,
hi. tabellarla Fiich; dcsitriliud hh a Tiphrilis, In Monographic, Vol. I, 1

have ttxpi'HHstid tli« erroni-ou.s sn{)p<)sition tlmt tliis ttpuuiuH liclonk'ii

to the Ortaliilffi. It in a Tryp«)ti<la of tliu dubguims Jihuyulciis, and

has been <iHsorib«d in tlie present voluine.
6P. triblUlB lliirria i» not described, nnd hence must be stricken out.
fi9. trlmaoulata Mnvq. is '/'. (SfKiiiisin) louijIjiiitiiiH Wied.
CO. trifasciata //firr/.i ; not dei-<!rilied,
61. viUosa Ji. iJvsv, ; deHcribed ns Prinnrlht ; the remark appended above

to Priondla licauvuiaii may be repeated here.

■j'j

U

■;%

Tlic result of the above rcuiarks may be summed up a->
follow.s : —

1. Five of tlie above-quoted spefio.s named by Mr. Harris must
be stricken out, as their descriptions have never been piili-
lished : —

albiscutellata Harris.
Cinctipes J/nrria.
septenaria Harris,

tribulis Harris.
trifasciata Harris.

2. Tc7i species must la transferred to the Ortalidse : —

eenea v. d. Wulp.
antillarum Macq.
arcuata Walk.
fleza Wied.
fulvlfrons Macq.

interrupta Macq.
melliginia Fitch.
picta Fabr,
quadrivittata Macq.
Bcutellarls Wied.

3. Fifteen species are merely synonyms of other Trypetidaj; tlie
two marked with an interrogation are not as certain as the
others : —

armata R. Drsv, = longipennis Wied.
asteris //"rr. =: solidaginis J- itch.
caliptera ^^d^ = aparsa Wifd.
cornigera Walk. = longipennis Wied.
cornifera Walk. = longipennis Wied.
cribrata r. d. Wtdp = lat-.ifrons Lw.
fasciventria Macq. = eiEimia Wied,

Ari'KNDIX I. 33'J

fimbriata Mncq. nsonlta WinL
? Uogaater Thorns. = fratrla Lw.

Inertnis H. Oetv. ss longipennis Wied.

latipennis Macj. c= sparsa Wi<tl.

novaeboraoensls A iV'/i == sparsa iVUd,

pioolola liii/itt = humiUs Lw.

trlmaculata Mucii. = lone,{pennis W'lid.
?quadrifaBoiata Mu<i/. =sarcinata J^w.

Fifteen PjH'cios are recognized by iiie niul dcHorihcd in detail
in Moii(»graplis, Vol. I, and in the presont worii: —

comma Wied.
oulta Wild.
electa -'^oy.
exlmla Wiid.
flavomaculata Macq.
fraterculus Witd.
fucata h'abf.
Licbtensteinll Wied.

5. Sixteen species consequently
or have not been able
undoubtedly Tnjpetidse;
with an interrogation :— •

aciduBa Walk.

acutangula Thorns.

aurlfera Thorns.
?avala Walk.
?BeauvoiBii R. Desv.

Dlnla Wulk.

femoralis Thoma.

genalls Thorns.

longlpennis Wild.
mexicana Wied.
obliqua Sn;/.
pomonella Width.
BoUdaginis Fitch.
sparsa Winl.
tabellaria I'iich.

remain, which I have never ficcn
to identify; most of them are
the doubtful ones I have marked

marglnepnnctata Macq.

mevarna Walk.
?nar7tla Walk.

nigriventris Macq,

obliqua }fiii'q.

ocresia Walk.

acutellata Wied.
? villosa R. Desv.

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340

NOKXU AM£HICAN XKYPETINA.

APPEXDIX II.

The descriptions of Nortli American species of Tnjpefa, pnb-
lislied by previous authors, but not idenliiiod in the I'oreguing
Monograph, are reprinted verbatim in tlie Monographs, etc.,
Vol. I, p. 5)4. Tlie following five Californian species of Mr.
Thomson, were published since tlie issue of that VDlutnc (T. lio-
gafiter Thoms. is left among them, as its sj'nonymy with T.
fratria Lw. la not quite certain).

sUK

w

iIh'

Thomson, Eugenics liesa, etc., Zoologi, VI, p. 5T8.

Genns TRl'PETA.

A. Alae ciibiti ramo aiibmarginali setiiloso, cellula anali postice angnla
infero brevit.er sed acute producta, abscissa costal: 2a spinula fere
nulla. Frons serie lateral! 5-seto3a. Thorax setaruiu duraalium
pari pouB medio sito. Scntelluni 4-3etosum. Proboscis brevis.

251. Trypeta liogaster. — Femiginea nitida, abdomineglabro; alis
albis, fuaco-tlexuoso-variegatis; postscutello macula magua didyiua
nigra. J . Long. 5 inill.

Palria. California.

T. Onopordi colore et alarum pictnra simillima, abdomine
glabro mox distincta. Caput rotundura, fere globosum, ferriigi-
neura, occipite baud excavato ; fronte subopaca, snbtilissime
pnberula, serie lateral! 5-setosa, setis 2 posterioribus magis ab
oculis reniotis; epistomate baud brevi, foveis antennalibus minus
determinatiH, divergentibus, genis angustis, infeme paullo lati-
oribti.s; peristomio m:,mo, rotundo, utrinque medio seta una
validiore nigra instrueto, proboscidc brevi, capitnlo crasso ; ocii-
lis nudis, fere cvalibus, inferne sat longe descendcntibus, orhita
frontal! p-^'allela, livciali minus divergente. Antenna? subdeflexa?,
basi vix distautes, articulo 3o ovali, apiee baud mucrouato,

APPENDIX II.

341

epistomatis apicera haud attiugeiite, seta nuda. Thorax ferragi-

neus, nitidus, glabcr, setarum dorsalium pari pone ini'diuin sito ;

scutellum subtriangularc, 4-jsetosuiu, postscutello macula inagiia

nigra nitida utriuque oriiato. Ala3 longaj, uuirgiiie iiiforo vix

sinuato, alljo-bruuiieoque flexuoso-variogat*, macula lUMiipc ob-

longo-cpiadrata collulaai tutaiu iiiediastiiiam I'cre occupantc aitoni-

oue costali triangulari ad cubiti rauiuiu suliiiiargiiialcin usquo

descendente, pone postcostaj exituni sita, cum maculis duabus

disci sliiubu.sque protundis luarginis iaferioris ante apicem albis,

basi inferiie late albida ; nervis costali abtscissa 2a spinula fere

nulla, 3a 2a baud duplo broviore, 5a sextan fere a?(iuali ; media-

stino apice sub angulo recto costara versus abscendeute ibidemque

obsoleto; postcostali toto dense setuloso, niediuui ala; vix attin-

gente; cubiti furca sat longe ante apicem celluhe liuiueralis sita,

ramo submargiuali parce vix ultra norvuni transversum ordina-

rium setuloso, postico lenissimo curvato et bracliiali plane

parallelo; bunierali niox pone nervum transversum discoidaloni

desinente ; cellula discoidali postice recta truncata nervum

tiansversura ordinarium perpendicularem, longe pone postc(»st;e

exitum situni, in sua tertia posteriore parte exeipiente; aiiali

inferne liaud longe, .stid acute produ' 'a, qjiam humcrali breviore.

A' domen ovali-rotundnm, supra levitvr convexum, glabruni,

nitidum, sogmento 5o niargine postico utrinque setis 4 ornato,

6o parvo fere triangulari, apice truncato, brunneo-nigro, tcre-

bram includente. Pedes baud validi, coxis anticis medium

mesosterni vix attingentibiis; femoriijus anticis sul)tus setosis;

tibiis intermediis apice calcari nigro arinatis; mososternum, ut

in omniljus, netii in angulo i)osteriore iustructum; epimeris etiam

fiub alls seta nigra i)rieditis.

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B. Al» ramo cubiti f<«Wmareinali ntif^o.

aa, AlsB Cf'llula disi oilali postice quam nervi transversi ordinar..
longitudine vix iati^we,
6. Proboscide ha«d hamat/>-rpfl(>xa.
ec. Alae ct-lliila dis(;i>idali atiitnlK iufwro reoto.

dJ. Alse minus aiii:ast,<» <^t»Ilii!is bradiiali et bnraerali hand brevibns,
nei'vo traiisverso dici-oidali mr.rijinc iiiff-ro alse approximato,
abscissa co^t.ili r)! Ha h;)ud duplo lotigiorn.
ee. Aire albidnfi vi-l liyaliiire. fiiscn -maculiitre. vt^l rHticiilatne.
/• Scutellum t)isetosum. Alae atiirnlo iiiferiore cellule aiialis
recto. Tliorax Betarnm dorsalium pari ant" medium sito.
Femora plerumque tenuia, aiili(!a setisi 3-4 subtus oruata.
gg. Cellula postcostali nigra vel uigro-fusoa.

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342

NOKTU AMERICAN TRYl'ETINA.

338. Trypefa fi- moral is.- -Nigro-fusaa, glauco-piuruwa, capite
cum autmiiiiji jiedibu.-^quu Uavis, feiiioiibus illt♦^l•llle(lii^^ SaDtus setnlin
4-5 muuiti.s ; alls albidis, macula podlei'iuru fusca apirt- m versurf nullum
lamum sed intVine ramum iutegium uervum transverso-discoidalem
trauseuutem emitteiite, cum cellula poalcostali per plagam obliiiuum
Gouuuxa. % . Lung. 4 mill.

Palria. California.

rrajcedeutibus' siiiiilis ot aflinis, femoribiis intermediis subtus
setis 4-5 validioribus iimuitis, alis macula posteriore ni}^ro-fus(.'a
gultulas 3 majures includoute, raiiiuiu a))ic'alem nullum sed
iiiferne ramulus 2 abbreviatos ante raniuiii nervinn truiisverso-
di.^coidak'in traiiseuiitciii emitteute, rauiis 2 pDslorioribus busi
taiitum iiidicatis, ucrvo huiut'ruli lougitudinaliter ultra wudiuiu
iuluscato distiucla.

i/'f

i
fa

".fh

'VI -

jff". Scutelluir. 4-setopnm. Alse angulo inferiore postico cellalae analia
acute aubproducto.

261. Trypeta a<-iitapgula. Nigricans, cano-pruinosa, capite,
scutelli apice ptnii basque flavis ; alis parce fusco-reticulatis, macula
niajore iiigricaute, fuauo-radiata, cullula postcostali llaveaceuti. 'J, .
Long. 4 mill.

Patria. raliforiiia.

Ails pictura tore T. cnmeta, sed disco et aiitice paroo fu.<co-
rt'ticulatift, cellula ])()stcostali i'cro tuta Havcsccuti, sorio Iroutali
5-setosa mox distincta. Caput thoracis latitudine, flavo-tt-sta-
ceuiii, occipite s^uperne fusco, fere truiicato; froule Jere tnuisversa,
serie utriiujue S-.setosa ; ei)is)tomate brevi, I'oveis auteiiualibus fere
parallelis, sat discretis; peristouiio subrotuiido, probosciile Iia.id
geiiiculata; oculis sat niagnis, iuferne sat lunge descendontibus,
orbita fronlali antrorsum fere C(»nvergente. Antenna; breves,
subdeflexa3, articulo iJo ovali-rotundo, epistonuitis apicem fere
attingcnte, nigro-fuseo, seta nudiuscula. Thorax caiio-pruinosus,
setaruin dorsalium pari pone suturain transversam sito; .scutello
apice late testa<ieo, 4-setoso, setis apiealibns ndnoribus approxi-
niatis. Ala? sat latte, obscure hyulinai, pareius, disco medio
evidentius, fuseo-reticulatie, macula posteriore uigricante, sul)ro-
tunda, guttas 2 costales includente, quarum posteriore paullo

' The two preceding ppecies are : T, (jhurn from Sidney, wliich the
author calls " T. solari Loew similis et afflnis," and T. meteurica from
Bueuos Ayrea, doatribed as "pra;cedenti simillima." 0. S.

APPENDIX II.

343

ante rami marginalis cxitinn sita, apiceiu versus ramum bifurca-
tiun, inforiie ramus '6 uiigu,>tos iiilogros I'u.scos euiitlt'iilo; fusce-
dino iiervi traiisvursi ordinarii sat lita, postice guttis 2 luajusculis
a macula posteriori) matraa sejuucta, per slrigum obli(iuuin cuui
cellula i)o.steostali flaversceuti coiiiioxa et in ccllulam discoidaleni
loljuui Iriangularein eiiiittciite; cellula margiuali poslico gullis 2
magnis all)idis, linca transversa fiisca soparatis oriuita; norvis
costali abscissa 2a spinula distiiicta armala, 6a Ga plus quaiii
ses(|ui loiigioro; postcostali modinm alae atlingoiite; cubili ramo
subiuargiuali poslico cum Ijracliio plane parallelo, hoc pone
uervuM 'ransvcrso-discoidali'in Icnissime curvalo; cellula discoi-
dali uer-ura transversum onlinarium, sat longe pone postcostie
exitum, nonnihil pone uu'dimu aliB situin, in sua 5a postcricjre
parte cxcipiente; anali aiiguio inferno postico acute subproducto.
Abdomen unicolor, nigricans, cano-pnbcrulum et pilis depressis
parvis rigidis pallidis vestitum, seguiento 4o prajcedente plus
quani duplo longiore. IV-des toti fiavi, femoribus hand validis,
anticis subtns e.tulis 3-4 tiavidis longioribus et basi uouauUis
brevioribus ornatis.

■ . ■■■ ■;!.■:-»■

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«■;

hb. Prohoscide hnmato-reflexa. Epistomate brevi, infenie promi-
iieiite; pHristoiiiio antire fxciso-assurtrHiitt*. Falpi.s promiimiis.

hli. Alae fascia recta ueivuui transversum ordiiiarium trauseuute hauJ
oniatie seil Iuhco reticulatae.

t. Scutelluiu 4-setouiu.

1* ,i

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!n

364i Trypeta aiirifera. — Niirricans. capitecutn ai)teiiiiis pedibua-
que testaoeis, fVinorilius ultra iiiiMliuin iiijiris ; ali.s suliliyaliiiis, obsolete
fusco-xeticulatis. luinlU costali (jiiadrata poue spiuulaiu Hita, determi-
nate uigricaute. ^ } . Long. 3 — 4 mill.

Palria. California.

T. i'l())n/ahihi'. simillima, femi)ril)us ultra medium nigro-fu.scis,
alls adhue ol)Soletiiis fusco-rL'ticiilatis, cellula jtostcoslali nigro-
fusca, guttam all)idai*i baud indudente mux distineta. Caput
liaud transversum, thoracis hilitndine, testaueum, occipite fnsci),
inferne tuniido; fronle siilideclivi, hititudine snadiniidio longiore,
utrin(|ue albida 4-setnsa, seuto ocelligero nigro-fusco; epistouiate
brevi, vertieali. gcnis inferut- hand latls, siipei'ne anguslis; peris-
toniio obloiig^^. antice angulato-exciso, ijndtoscide clongala,
geniculata, cmpttok) longissimo, tenui ; oculis magnis oblitpiis.
Antennas basi contigua), tostaceas, breves, episitomatis apicem

■,:-.•■ "I

' •■ - r'

m.

344

NORTH AMERICAN TUYPETINA.

attiiigeiites, articulo 3o brevitcr ovali, seta luula. Tliorax
iiig-rieans, cano-pruinosus et puUo brevi rigida pallida vostitus,
Betarum dorsalium pari uiox pone sjturam sito; sciitclhuii
4-setosum, setis apicalibus parvis. Ala3 subliyaliiiaj, obsolete
fuseo-reticulatue, macula quadrata pone spiuulani nigrioanic,
determiuata : nervis costali abscissa 2a ppinula niunita, oa (!a
paullo longiore; postcostali mcdimn alie baud attingento; bra-
chiali et ramo sul)marginali cul)iti parallulis; cellula discoidali
nervum transversum ordinarinm, longe pone postcostie cxitiun
paullo pone medium ahe situm, in sua 4a postcriore parte exci-
piente; anali angiilo inferno acuto. Abdomen subdcpressuni,
pruinosum et pubo rigida pallida vestitum, sognientis 4o ct 5o
apice setulis nonnullis marginatis, (\o deprcsso, nitido, glabro, 2
prtecedentibus simul sumptis longitudine cecpiali. i'cdos baud
validi, femoribus anticis suljtus setis 2-3 ornatis, omnibus uigris,
apice cum tibiis tarsisque teslaceis.

iss

?
,*.,

W

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«ip-

y^.pis^^iii'ii':'.'

HGH. Trypeta ^eiialis. — Nigricans, capite pedibusque flavis, femo-
ribus ultra nwfdium niifris ; alls hyaliuia, fu.sc;o-reticulatis, strigaobliqna
poue spinulam apiewjue iiiagis fuscis; abiloiiiinn t)ifariam fuseo-macu-
lato, lerebra brevi depredia. % J . Loug. 3 — 4 mill.

Patria. California.

T. texseJmfse Lctcw, simillima genis isuperne angnstioribus ; alis
obscure livsilinis, guttis minuribus, disco interiore basali magis
fusco-reticuiutit distincta; a pnecedentc capituli labiis breviorilms,
alis evidentius fusco-reticulatis discedens. Caput ut in pnece-
dente, fronte paullo latiorc, epistoniate parum proniinuio, pro-
l)oscidn ca])itul'. minu-s flnnnrato. Thorax et scutcllum ut in
praeccdente coiistructa. Ahe subliyalina?, fusco-roticulatiB, striga
nigro-fusca p»tne spinulam guttam albam costalem includcnte,
oblique nervum transversum ordinariuin transeunte, apice f'usco,
guttis ]»luribus majoribus all)idis, quaruin ^ arcum ante apicem
formantiiius ornato; nervis oranino ut in prtecedonte directis, sed
poiitL'oHlali medium alaj attingento, traiisverso ordinario paullo
pone postcostaj exitum sito. Abdomen bifariam fusco-macula-
tum, pilis brevibus rigidi* albidis in margine apicali segmentorum
evidentioribus vestitum. Pedes ut iu praeccdente, sed femoribus
auticis subtus setis 4-5 ornatis.

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IXDEX OF THE TRYPETINA.

•'. cJ.V)V

Acidia, 234, 235, 327, 329, 332
Acidia fratria Lw., 234
suavis Lw., 235
Acidogona, 285, 327, 330, 331
Acidogona melanura, 283
Auiuia comma Macij., 281

fimbriata Macq., 276
liovaeboraceusirf Fitch, 274
picciola Bigot, 291
solidaginis Fitch, 280
Aciiira, 2G7, 327, 329
Aciura insecta Lw., 2(58
Acrot?enia, 274, 327, 329, 331
Acrotjenia testudinea Lw., 272
Acrotoxa, 227, 327, 329, 331
Acrotoxa fratercuius [Vied., 2-2
ludeus Lto., 223
Buspensa LjW., 222
triciucta Lw., 225
Anomoea, 332

Aspilota, 28(3, 327, 330, 332
Aspilota alba Lw., 2^5

albidipeiniis Lw., 286
Veruouiae LjW., 286

Hlepharoneura, 272, 327, 329, 331
Blepharoueura poscilogastra Lw.
270

Carphotricha, 279, 327, 329, 333
Carpholiiclia culta Wied., 276
Chsetostoma, 332

Dacus fratercuius Wied., 222
parallelus H^/>^/m227
serpentinus Wied,, 227

Dasyneura, 272

Ensiiia, 291, 327, 330, 333
Kiisina hunnlis Liv., 291
Epochra, 23^ 327, 329, 332
Epoohra canadensis Lw., 235
Euaresta, 296, 327, 330 '

Euaresta sequalis Lw., 308
belK Lw., 311
feativa Lw., 309
melanogastra Lw,, 315
niexicana Wied., 317
timida Lw., 311
puia Lw., 320

Euphranta, 332

Eurosta, 280, 327, 329, 332

Euroata comma Wied., 280
latifrons Lro,, 283
solidaginis Fitch, 279

Entreta, 276, 327, 329, 331

Eutreta rotundipennis Lw., 276
Bparsa Wied., 274

Hemilea, 332

Hexachseta, 219, 327, 329, 331
Hexachaeta amabilis Lw., 219
exiniia Wied., 216
Hypenidium, 332

Icterica, 287, 290, 327, 3?0, 332
Icterica circinata Lw., 288

Licliteusteinii Wied,, 28

Striata Lw., 287

Musca fucata Fhr., 301

ruficauda Fbr,, 254
Myopiteti, 332

Oedaspis, 250, 260, 263, 328, 329
Oedaspis ntra Ltv., 256
polita Liv., 256
gibba Lw., 260
Oedicarena, 247, 327, 329, 332
Oedicarena tetanops Z/W., 245
Or.'Uia, 3H2
Oxvna, 295, 332, 333
Oxvphora, 280, 287, 295, 309, 332,
333

Peronyma, 250, 328, 329, 332
(345)

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346

INUKX OF TIIE TEVl'ETINA.

PtToiiyma aarciiiata Lw., 247
Plagiotoma, 25:!, :}2S, 1329, S:52
I'lagiotoma discolor Lw., 'J,^>0
obliijua Stiij, 251
PlatyparHa, '.i'd2
Platystouia lalipeuuis Mtici/., 274,

337
Priouella Beawvoisii Roh. Desi\, 335
villosa Hub. Desv., 338

Rhacochlffiiia, 332
Rliag(.letis, 2(57, 327, 329
Rhayoletis cingulata Lw., 2(13

pmnonella Walnh, 2G5
tabellaiia Fitch, 2G3

Sphenella, 332
iSpilographa, 327, 329, 332
Spilograplia electa Sdii, 243

tiavonotata Macq,, 244
Steiiopa, 234, 327, 329, 332
Hteuopa vnlnerata />»'., 232
Straussia, 243, 327. 329. 332
Straussia loiitripennis Wicd., 238
fcjtrauzia ariuata Holt. Desv., 23S, 335
iueriuis Rob, Dusc, 238

Tephritia, 295, 327, 330
Tephritid albiceps Lw., 302

auguslipeiiuis Lw., 293,

333
asteris Harris, 280
clathrata Lw., 297
euryptera Lw., 304
fasiciveutris AJacq., 216,

219
finalis Lw,, 29G
fuuata Fl»:, 3(H
geininata Lw., 203
Leontodoiitis .^'/^, 293
major Mtin/., 219
obliqna Macq., 223
platyptera A)y., ooo
punctata Full., 254
quaih'ifasuiata Macq., 248,

249
seeregata f>»/., 293
Koi-iaiis Winl.. 219
triiiiacnlata Afiirt/., 238
Trypeta, 253, 25(5, 327, 329, 331
Trypeta abstersa Aw., 322

aci<lusa 117^-., 231, 335, 342
actinobola /jr., 32G
auutaiigula Thorns. , 335
senea i\ d, Wulp, 335
sequalis Luk, 3uS
alba Lie, 2S5
albiceps Lie, 302

Trypeta albidipenuis Lw., 286

albi.suutellata Harris, 335
aiuabilis Z/W., 219
anguritipeiinis Aw., 293, 333
autillaruiii .l/uc/., 335
arcuata IK//,., 335
aruiata Rob. Disi\, 335
aHteris Harris, 335
atra Aw., 256
aurifera Thoins., 335, 343
aval a \Vlh\, 335
bella Aw., 31 1
Beauvoisii Rob. Desv., 335
birteriata Aw., 252
caliptera Sai/, 274
canadeusis Aw., 235
cinctipes Harris. 336
ciiii;ulata Aw., 263
circinata Aw., 288
clathrata Lw., 297
comma Wied., 280
coiisobrina Lw., 230
coriilfera Wile, 23S, 336
cornigera Wlk.. 23S, 336
cribrata i'. d. Wulp, 336
ciilta Wicd., 276
diiiia IK/A-., 336
discolor Lw., 250
electa Saii. 243
etlialea li7/.., 335
euryptera Aiy., 304
eximia HVt^/., 216, 336
iasciveiitris Macq., 336
fetnoralis Thorns., 336, 342
f.stiva Aw., 309
fimbriata Macq., 336
finalis Lv:, 296
flavonotnta Mmq., 244, 336
flexa ITfV'/., 336
floresceiitijB Lin., 2~A, 331
fraterculu.s Wiid., 222, 336
IVatria Aw., 234
fucata Fhr., 3(i0
fulvitVons Macq., 336
genii iiata Azw., 29fi
genalis Thorns., 336, 347
gibba Lw., 2i)0
grandis Macq., 231
hamata /.w., 229
humilis /.w., 291
ineruiis Rob. Disv., 336
insecta Lw,, 2ii8
Integra Aw., 230
interrupta Macq., 337
latifrons Lw., 253
lalipennis .]facq., 337
latipeniiis UV^r/.. 274
Licliteusteiuii ir/ei/., 2S9

INDEX OP THE TRYPETINA.

347

Tryp» JL liogaster Tlwms., 235, 337,

340
longipeunid IVifd., 238
ludens Lto., 223
Macquartii Lw., 207
margiuupuuctata Mucq.,

337
melanogastra Lw., 315
melanura Ltv., 2b'-i
nielligiuis /'ilvh, 1)37
inevarna \V/h., 32r), 337
mexicaua Wied., 317
narytia WIL: , 33i»
iiigeniiua Lw., 2r)8
uigriventris Miii(/., 3:i7
novaBboraceiisis Fitch, 337
obliqua 5fN/, 2r)l
obliqua Mucrj., 337
obscuiiventris Lw., 31S
ooresia IF/it., 231, 33ii
palposa Lti'.. 2;J3. 331
parallela Wied., 22l)
p«regrina Z.W., 2!t2
plioeiiicura Lw., 209
picciola Bigot, 337
picta Fir., 337
platyptera Lio., 30()
poecilogastra /-w., 270
polita Lw., 250
polyclona Lw., 324
ponionella VKd/sA, 205
pseudoparallela Lw., 230
piira Aw., 320
quadrifascir.ta Mnrq., 337
quadrivittata Mani., 337
rotiindipe'iiiiis /v^;., 27(i
saruiuata Lw., 247

Trypeta sout^-llaiis Wi<,!., 337
acutellata M /«-(/., 337
»eiiata Lw., 2h7
serpentina l^Vfty., 226
solidaginis Filch, 279
Bolariri Lw., 325
sparsa lK/e(/., 274
spectabilis Lw., 309
Biiavis Z/W., 235
suspensa Lw., 222
tabelhiria Fitch, 203
tenuitt y.M'., 310
testudinea Lw., 272
tetanops Aui., 245
tiniida /.w., 311
tiilmliri J/ani.t, 338
triciiicta Z/W., 225
triuiacnlnta Mucq., 338
unicolor Ah'., 222
Vernoniifi Ltc, 2s6
villosa linh. Desv., 338
vuhierata /.w., 232

Frellia, 295, 327. 330
Urellia absteisa Lw., 322
actinol.ola /,?«., 326
polyclona Lw., 324
Solaris Lw., 325
Uropliora, 331

Uropliora antillarum Mncq,, 335
bivittata Mucq., 231
intcrrui-lii, 337
iiiirriventris Mucq.. 337
8<'iUH||aris Marq., 207
vittitborax Macq., 2''7

Zouoseiua, 245, 332

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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

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PLATE Till.

1. Amphicnephes pertiisus no7. ep.
S. Hinieroessa pretiosa nov. sp.
8. Rivellia coiiluncta dot. sp.

4. Rivellia Tiridulans Rob. Desv.

5. Rivellia quadrifasciata Alacq.

6. Rirellia variabilis nov. sp.
T. Rivellia flavimana nov. «p.

8. Rivellia pallida nov. sp.

9. Myrniecoinyia myrniecoides Lw,

10. Tritoxa flexa ^Vied.

11. Tritoxa cuueata nov. sp.
13. Tritoxa incurva nov. sp.

13. Camptoneiira picta Fbr,

14. Diacrita costalis Gerat.

15. Diacrita aemula nov. sp.

16. Idana niargiiiata Say.

1*7. Tetanops luridipeniiis nov. sp.

IS. Tetanops integer nov. sp.

19. Anacanipta latiusciila nov. sp.

50. Ceroxyg obscuricornis nov. sp.

51. Ceroxyg ochricoriiis nov. sp.
SS. Ceroxys caniis Lw.

33. Ceroxys similis nov. sp.

34. Teplironota huniilis nov. sp.

35. Stictocepliala cribrum nov sp.

(S49)

' I."

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4

350 EXPLANATION OP THE I'LATKS.

96. Stictocephala cribelluni nov. sp.
3T. CalloplH^rin aniiiilipes M<icij.
3N. Ntlctocephala corticuliii I'Uch.
39. Stlctocepliala Tail •S'/y.
80. Ptei-ocalla titi'igula uov. sp.

&'

P

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PLATE IX.

1. Oedopa capito Lw.

3. Oedopa capito Lw.
8. Oedopa capito Lw.

4. Eiipliara caeruiea .lAi'?.

5. JWotogramma stigma Fbr

6. Seoptera colon Lw.
T. Euxesta spoliuta Lw.

8. Euxesta pusio Lw.

9. Euxest;^ notata ll'tW.

10. Eiixegt.. costalis Fbr.

11. Eiixesta quaternaria Lw.
13. Euxesta binotata Lw.

13. Euxesta annonae Fiir.

14. Euxesta Tlioniae '^w.

15. Euxesta abdominalis Lw.

16. Euxesta alternans Lw.
IT. Euxesta stigmatias Lw.
IM. Euxesta eluta Lw.

19. Ciiaetopsis aenea ^nv^.

30. Ciiaetopsis debilis Lw.

31. Stenomyia tenuis Lw.
33. Eunietopia rufipes Mncq.

33. Eunietopia Taripes Lw.

34. Epiplatea erosa Zw.

35. Stenomacra Ouerinii Bifjot.

36. Idiotypa appendiculata no7. sp.

37. Ccelometopia biniaciilata nov. sp.

38. Hemixantha spiiiipes nov. sp.

39. Melauostoiua afiuis uov. sp.

EXPLANATION OP THE PF ATES.

TRYPETIDiE.

351

;(|

1. discolor Lw.
*Z. loiii^ipeiiiiis MV.y/.,
3. loiiKi|»eiiiii8 Hied.,
4* fratria Lw.

5. Hiispeiisa Lw.

6. frali>i-fiilii8 \i'ied.
1. electa Say.

8. iiisecta Lw.

9. palposa Lw.

10. sua vis Lw.

11. cingiilata Lw.
13. polita Lw.

13. sparsa HUd.

14. rofmidipennis Zt

15. clatlirata Lw.

PLATE X.

TRYPETA.

16. oolidaginis flich.
%. 17. Iiuiiiilis Am7.
9 . IH. seriata /^m'.

19. solaria L.w.

SO. aequalis Aw.

31. festiva Lw.

3S. latifroiiH Lw.

S3, bella Z^w.

24. melanofsastra Lw., 9.

35. tiinida Lw.

3<». obsciiriventris nov. !!|

3T. spi'Ctabilis nov. sp.

3S. niexicana H'ifl.

39. tenuis nov. sp.

80. pvregriiia nov. sp.

\ %':

PLATE XL

1. geminata Lw.
3. coiiiiiia iiiW.

3. ciilta inw.

4. final is Lw.
6. albiceps nov. sp.. %.

6. nielanura uov. sp.

7. al)st4>rsa /.w.

8. Vernoniae Lw.

9. Lichteiisteinii Tn'e<i,

10. al1)idi|ienuis Lw.

11. alba />'('.
I'i. pho^c^-cnra ii"^. sp.

13. testiidiiiea uov. sp.

14. oblitiiia S<.!(f.

TRYPETA.

15. tetanops nov. «p.

16. sarcinata Lw.
11. atra Lw.
IK. ni^errima Lw.
19. ludens nov. sp.
SO. parallela 'i/pf/.
31. consobrina ii< >-. sp.
SS. lianiata nov. <:p.

33. integra nov. sp.

34. pseiidoparallela nov. sp.

35. serpentina Wie/l.

36. grandis }/>ir<j.

37. biv ittata J/cc'/.

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CORRECTIONS TO VOLUME III.

Page 283, as a synonym of T. ladfrons insert :—

Trypeta cribrata v. D. Wolp, Tijdschr. v. Eutom. 2 Ser. Vol. II, p. 158.
Tab. V, f. 15. *

Observation (by the Editor) to page 153. — This volume was already
printed when I received from Mr. E. Burgess specimens taken near
Beverly, Mass., and showing the characters of Seuptira vihntns Lin., as
distinguished from S. colon Loew. Immediately afterwards I found in the
Museum of Comparative Zoillogy a precisely similar specimen, apparently
taken near Cambridge, Mass. — 0. S.

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ADDITIONS AXD CORRECTIONS
TO THE TREVIOUSLY I'UULISllKD VOLUME.

'V

Corrections to Volumes I and Unfurnished bij Mr. Loew.

Volume I.

Page 10, line 3 from bottom, instead of Cylindrotoma Meif). read Macq.
" 17, " 15 from top, iintHad of u'in(/, read manjia <ij' the winy.
" 17, " 14 from bottom, .]Jiliipiiiiiii (=/iii>jius), strike out Inopua.
" 18, " 20 " instead of Aissa, read Anli.isu.

" 19, " 15 from top, instead ot fourth cell of posterior margin, read
fourth poaterior cell.
Page 21, lines 17 and 12 from bottom, instead of Ohsehins, read Opsebius.

(The same name must be corrected in the Index.)
Page 38, line 17 from bottom, instead of liijs prnportionately short, read

legs verij long and slender, with the tarsi proportionateltj short.
Page 39, line 12 from bottom, instead of generatli/, read mostly.
" 40, " 12 " instead of with no read without.

" 42, " 6 " Instead of tarsi read tihiic.

" 47, Asteidae; add at the end: {Sigaluessa alone has a posterior cross-
vein).
Page 55, line 4 from top, instead of is, read it is.
" 56, " 4 from bottom, instead of and, read or.
" 6 from top, instead of and, read or.
" 10 " instead of short, read thin.

" 4 " instead of edge, read border.

" 12 from bottom, instead of 23, read 24.
" 20 from top, instead of first Ka.A fifth.
178, " 10 from bottom, before the word "/o«(/(<u</ma/, add /our<A.

57,

70,

75,

90,

91,

17«

'■..'."^1

Volume II.

T*!\fle 209, linos 7 from top and 13 from bottom, instead of Xordhausenf
read Xordshansen.

(m)

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4

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CORRECTIONS TO VOT UME IV.
(By C. R. Ostex-Sa( KEN )

AJjl

'I

Pag« 2, line 6 fror.i Iwttoni, instead of gcnernl, r**.!!! common,

" 1(), " 5 from top, Instead of p. 11. read p. 3^7.

" 23, '8 " instead of auxiliary, read subcostal (tliiri ermr

occurs twice on tlie saitiH line).
Paire 129, line 3 from !)ottom, in-ifnad of all th, . read mn^t.

'■ 13'J, lines 2, 4, 14, 15 from bottom, instead of I'aralropeza, read

iKiratropena.

The same error occurs on page xi, line 4 from bottom.

" 4;t, "18

" 333, " 2 from top.

" 343, " 3 from bottom, column first.

" 34r), " b "

Page 134, line 4 from bottom, strike oat lin.

1^9,

If

instead of is, read are.

" 170, " 19 from top, instead of l>-22, r.'ad 1829,
*' 219, " 4 from bottom, before i/fllowish, insert /Vworfj.
" 249, lines 15 and llJ from bottom : the quotation from Doleschall
given here refers to bis paper in pamphlet form ; the full quotation
may be found on page 16, line 5 from top, wliere p. 3S7 should be read,
instead of p. 11.
Page 275, line 11 from top, instead of paujifrti, read pauper.

The same error occurs on page x, line 4 from top, column first.

«' 277, " 5
" 278, " 3 "

" 344, " 4 from Iwttom, column pec'd.
Page 293, line 13 from top, insteail of rujirornia Wied. and erijlhrnriphulm

Macq., read riijimrnls Mac(i, and enilhrorcphald Wied.
Page 29!j, line 3 from bottom, instead of p. 15, reail p. 3.01,
" 331, " 18 from top, instead of 17, read 14.

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IMAGE EVALUATION
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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

;:<y

9

ADDITIONS TO VOLUME IV.
(By C. R. Ostkn-Sackkn.)

I'agH 4. Ptychoptera. TUi' larvjv of tliis gt^nns "xnmiiiHil l>y Uraiier,
diller from all lh« kuowu laivaj uf Tipuliilre in liiivini,' tlin lieii.l uot im-
l)e<l(le(l up to the muutli in tlie first tlioracic snijnient, 1 ut entirely fr»»«.
This observation justilien thn isolateil position wliifli I have 4,'ivt'U to this
group iu the family. Compar<j Vurh. Zool. Hot. (ies. l-il'.), p. 844.

Page 23. The analytical table, given here, would bo improved by
beiug muditied thus: —

I. A sinule f>iibmaririnal fell.

Antenna) 14-jointed.
Limpodia indistinct or none.
Sect. I. Limnobina.

Antenna' Iti-jointed.
Suet. 11. Limuobina aaomala.

' 1. i'r .A','

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II. Two submarginal colls. Empodia distinct, etc. etc.

Page 49. The same raodilication may be made oil this page. o

Page 57. Dicranomyia. My remarks concerning tlie differHnces
between this genu.s and Limnui in apply to those Xnrth American and
Iniropean species which I had occasion to compare. 1 have accuinulated
as many distinctive characters as a careful comparison of the material
before me could disclose ; but I should not wonder at all if forms oc'curred
the location of wliich remained doubtful, all the euumt;rated distinctive
characters notwithstanding.

Page 81. Mr. Loew draws my attention to the fact, tliat the antennne
of Wiijiiilia cannot be properly called /iidiril/fil. because the short stems,
connecting the joints, are processes of the anterior part of the joint and
uot of the posterior one.

Page 102. Styringomyia. Durinu' my passage through Stockholm in
1872. I made the interesting discovery that this uenus. besides its occur-
rence in amber ami copal, is fouml living in Africa. I saw several speci-
mens among the unnamed diptera trom Caffraria (from \V;ihlberg'9
voyage) in the Stockholm Museum. The species was apparently ditlereut
from that incluiled in copal, which I possess.

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Page 115. Tozorrhfna muliphrin f>. S. ^ . I fonnd thrpe mnlpfl and
one female near Tarrytowu, N. Y., iu July, 1871. They all have the <lis-
oal cell open, which, therefore, seems to he the rule iu this species. The
stripes of the thorax are dark hrown ; the position of the great crossvein
is variahle, sometimes at the very basis of the disoal cell, sometimes
before it.

Page ins, at the bottom. Sigmatomera. I describeil this new cenus,
from Mexico, without adding tiie description of the typical species, wliich,
as Ia:iticij)ated, would be soon published in a new fascicle of Mr. Hpllardi's
'**".'/.'/'") *'^"' This jmblication having been, in the mean time, indetiiiitely
postponed, it becomes necessary to supply the above njentioued omission.

Siritiinliiviern flarijimnis n. sp. — Yellow, antennre long, black, except the
first joint, which is ynllow ; front feet and middle femora yellow (the
remaining feet as well as the miiidle tibije and tarsi, are wantinit).
Wings tinged with yellowish ; central crossveiiis and fifth vein slightly
bordered with brown. Long. corp. 0..'»G — O.U ; long. al. 0.04.
Ildh. Mexico (Sumichrast).

Page 173. Psiloconopa. I had occasion to <>xamine specimens of /'.
Mcijrnii Zett., since the publication of Vol. IV, and have become aware
that my opin.'on about its location was erroneous. This genus is related
to Trimicra, and its venation is exactly like the latter genus, the subcostal
cossvein being quite remote from the tip of the auxiliary vein. The two
other EufOpean species, mentioned ou pages 173 and 174 as Paildconujur,
do not belong to this genus at all, and are much better placed in the genus
Goniomyia. The above correction will necessitate changes in all the pas-
sagos, where the genus Psiloconopa is mentioned. Such passages are the
following : —

Page 21, line 4 from bottom, instead of P^'omnopn ?. read Gotiiowi/ia 9.

" 3t), " 7 from bottom, strike out the whole passage beginning

with is represented.
Page 3G, line 3 from bottom, add Psiloconopa.

3n

" 47, modify tlie analytical table thus : —
nn ( The distance, etc.
' I The distance, etc. Oen. XXII. Gnopiiomvia.

{Seventh longitudinal vein straight; Tab. II, f. 1. 31

Seventh longitudinal vi^n conspicuously bisinuated ; Tab. I. flc
20. «en. XXI. t<YMrr,K( ta.

Three terminal Joints of the antennse abruptly smaller.

Oen. XVIII. TnrMKTjA.
Three terminal joints, etc., not abruptly smalbT.

Oen. XX. PsiLoco.voPA.

31

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Page 49, liii« 14 from liottom, transfer C'cii. 'IXFI. /'sHoroiiopn, as
Oeu. XX, alter <'/ii"iie'i.

Page 135, liiiH 2 from hottoni, strike out tlie i>as.«ai:« l>fu'imiini,' with
''I believe uow" and einlini; with " tyiiinil Mnoptf riiia."

Page 137, line 11 from top, inrttt-ail of /'silixiiiiiijiii, Tf.ul llonidtiiijin,

" 173, line 13 from liottom, strike out the whoK' i)arai,'rai)li
beginnini? with tlieworils: "'A genus closely aliifil. »'ti!.." as well
as its continuation ou the next page, ilowu to the " Deseiiiiliou
of the species."

Page 17tj. Oen. XXII. PsiloriDinjtn shouM he placi'il hetween Chionm
anil Sijmjilertii as<ien. XX. with the foUowini; notice: Mst.alilisheil
by Zettersteilt in lS4i» {/'iiiinii [,iii>jn>,iirii, p. h47), ami later in
Dipt, Sraud. X, p. 4(i<i7, upon a single species, louml in Sweden.
This genus, as far as I have been able to study it upon .i dry
specimen, is related to Ti iinimi, and its venation is exactly the
same, the subcostal crossvein being ijuite remote from tlie tip of
the auxiliary vein, etc. However, it does not have the last three
antennal joints abruptly smaller, and its general appearance is
altogether dilfereut.

Page 177, line 10 from bottom, strike out the passage beginning with
the words : "The majority" down to the bottom of the page, and
read as follows insteail : Some Karojtean species diflFer from the
American ones in the following characters: in their coloring the
bla<;k prevaiKs over the yellow ; only a few traces of the latter
color are left; the auxiliary vein seems to extend much farther
beyond the origin of the jira'furea than is the case in the Ame-
rican species ; the structure of the male forceps seems also to show
( some dilTerences, wliich, however, I liave not been able to asi.er-
tain, not having lunl fresh specimens for comparison. Such
species are the Eriojiiern lahmlin Macq., liist. Xdt, hipt, II. p.
CIS (Syn. lAinnoliin jlarolimhaln H:il.,iu Walker's Ins. lirit. Dipt.
Ill, p. 304) ; the (ioiiioim/i'i scut) Hula Hgger and (i. cmclit Kgger,
in Schiner's Funna Austriuru, Diptera. One of the latter may be
synonymous with the former, and Dr. Schiuer was perfectly
right in referring them to the genus (joniomi/id. All these species
are not unlike the American species of (Inopln'myia in their
general appearance; they dill'er, nevertheless, in the absence of
the marginal crossvein, in the shortness of the first submarginal
cell, in the diverging direction of the branches of the fork which
form it, and in the presence of yellow in the coloring. It is not
impossible, however, that forms of transition may be discovered
between these two genera, as well as between them and Emptda.

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Page 21H. l.hnnopliiln iiiornnin O. S. % . — This fipfoies was quite ooni-
iiioii near Tariytown, N. Y., in .iiiiii', 1>>71. Two li'iii.ile.s wliirli 1 li;ive
lift'ore iiie have tiio sligiiia soiiiewliat tiugnil witli brown ; tlm lirown at
tlie tip of tiie femora is luoro al)ruplly maikeil. In tliH aliovt- (innted
(lescriiition, \>. 21'.', line 4 from bottoin, tiie word /VHi'irii must lie adiled
liefor« tlie wonl ifflliiirish. (Mi tlie following page, line "i from to|>, instead
of iilioiit, reail siimi'trli'it luan ihan. Tlie fore tarsi of tlie females are slmrler
than those of the luule. The length uf the deuoud posterior cell ib vari-
able.

I'age 2i!0. Polymera. This South Ainericau genus, never neon by me
})^•fore the publication of my volume, was duublfiiUy uientioneil amonv;
the Ahinliijiina. Mr. Loew had oj porliinities of examining good si>eciii>ens
recently, and published the result in a paper entitled Ulitr ilia sjati uki-
tisrhe StilluiKj il. tiitii, I'nliimera Wied. (Zeitschr. f. d. gesauimten Natur-
wiss. Neurt Kolge, IhTl, lid. Ill, Tab. V, f. 1, 2). It appears now that the
antennie of J'dlijmtnt are not 2S-jointed, as was stated by former authors,
but lii-jointed, and that there cannot exist the slightest (h)ulit about its
location among the Limnajjliilinu. It lias peculiarities, liowever, whidi
distinguish it from the ordinary Limnophilinn of luirope and North Ame-
rica; a remarkalily elongated third antennal joint, a structure of the fol-
lowing joints, in the male, which makes them appear double (hence the
error of former authors), an open discal cell, and both branches of the
fourth longit:uliual vein forked (contrary to the rule stated ou pag>f lii'l.
No. 2); the wingveins have a rather conspicuous puU^'scence. Air. Loew
ends his article with a statement of the principal characters of /'uli/infrd,
as recognized by him, which I reproduce liere, with a slight modilica-
tiou : —

Poliim'tra. — The number of antennnl joints ts normal, 10; the first joint of the
tl.itfeiluin is rom.'\rli;il)ly elon,i,'.Ht('(l, ejiin(lrii;al, beset with ioni;, erect liiiirs ; cioti
of tlie following joints, in tlie ni.ile, hIiows two consecutive knots, or 8welliiii;s,
everyone of wliioli is proviiled with a tlistinct vi^rticil of hnirs ; in tlie feniile,
tlu'se joints arc slm|)ly cylindrical, and beset with hairs lilte the tirst joint of the
Jliiijelluin. Winijveins beset with a loni; jiubiMcence ; Rubrostal crossvein only j4
short distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein; marifin.il, crossvein distinrt,
inserted on, or a little beyond the niiildle of the very lonir subrnari^inal cell ; bas.il
cells comparatively rither short ; discal cell oiten, coalesceiit with the third poste-
rior cell; tlve jiosterior cells ; the second with a iietiolc of a very u'reat leiiL'th ;
feet lonR anil slender ; tlbiiB with very small but distinct spurs ; un!,'ues and em-
podia very amall.

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