IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V m /. i/ / ^J^ *v ^° . "^-P s ^£y^ -it 1.0 I.I :r 1^ 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 ill l-<^ lllll^ ^ fj< _ ► % <^ n w % am.. o 7 /A Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STKEET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 \ iV #^ % .V -r', <> -* M O <> CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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THE Hop-West I DAIRY FARMING RANCHING ^ MINING ^^ i 'rl HEGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF LANDS J BELONGING TO THE Canadian Pacific Bailway [|ompany^ (These regulations axe substituted for and cancel those hitherto in force). ^•♦- The Canadian Pacific Railway Conii)any offer for sale some of the finest Agricultural Lands in Manitoba and the Northwest. The lands belonging to the Company in each township within the railway belt, which extends twenty-four miles from each side of the main line, will be disposed, of at prices ranging FROM $2.60 (lOs.) PER ACRE UPWARDS. TERMS OF PAYMENT. If paid for in tuU at time of purchase, a Deed of Conveyance of the land will l)e given ; but the [)urchaser may pay one-tenth in cash, and the balance in payments spread over nine years, with interest at six per cent, per annum, payable at the end of the year with each instalment. Payments may be made in Land Grant J5onds, which will be accepted at ten percent, premium on then par value, with accrued interest. These bonds can be obtained on application at the Bank of Montreal, or at any of its agencies in Canada or the United States. GENERAL CONDITIONS. All sales are sulMect to the following genera) conditions : 1. All improvements placed upon land purchased, to be maintained thereon until final payment has been made. 2. All taxes and assessments lawfully imj)osed upon the land or improve- ments to be paid by the purchaser. 3. The Company reserve from sale, under these regulations, all mineral and coal lands, and lands containing timber in quantities, stone, slate and marble quarries, lands with water power thereon, and tracts for town sites and railway purposes. 3 4. Mineral, coal and timber lands and quarries, and lands controlling water power, will be disposed of on very moderate terms to persons giving satisfactory evidence of their intention and ability to utilize the same. Liberal rates for settlers and their effects will be granted by tiie Company over its railway. Detailed Prices of Lands and all information relating thereto can be obtained on application to the Land Commissioner, *4 - • .- , ;....--,. Canadian Pacific Rstilway, Winnipeg. "> * • ' ' " E I \\ i ■J B A '3 1 F_ R N_ N ,'*^^ B .^y lofro \ -'/■■//.i-.'i ///.„! A'.(. \ y. 50 !1 'I . I I ) i i ^ 1 t> w- >^ 50 w- ^nnt L. (^A C I F I C T [ M_E rFt.Uco'rg^ l|il" MOU N T A I Si'f */• ' .,( V v->~"»"" 'Great J Rfd Kwky UounUIn/ House \^ 9}Mivwi'il &*" ;o» Ued Deer £'i^«^ Trampinij * ,Mltluiii)urc o ^^^^T^. ■^i'^V^c, _0 A° VN* , jh Klvcr t > N (LI $ttgkatcA« ^^-^^/^ s> .>^ .s^/ :/«* Niiw Oxlcy vluK ^IJell!/ tP >- JOT/* «:, .i'T^, V d' OreUU (.Tim o t;',',',,"'-. : Bfnum Fii^Mdd- ° iVliiiillnilA;.'''- . ■'■■■S ,.,1., S JyLaku .QYPRESS HILLS nj Ft-rryslimg 1 cf Cairo -*. tag .,'^«»*' ,V'*' V>* \V^A OLYMPIAN to Coniiellc w Jo. Vr A thou a Kariuiiigti)!!^^ Mciscuw ¥/WTo xSfGpeat FalU Kt.iiowk.jo- IMf Uh er rtJ^r Y saud Couke iMis»oula ^^^'•ii&KrAillfe. \ ' ' Oacr)4ouYf..|$V'7f\"Vv:^'' ~->-~.. Lavina ,.^-<»^^ )nTLAr Warren o I''*«""'-g o *" Chains, I Bonania Citj' o Aj^llver Uowf :'C,' ^ioMda'.e J)l lyir^lulWtlty^ '/UlUou V, 'X, iS.1. ''liultl: Cv. Juutlngtoal i^Welaer y Garden/Valley < ^ Hardin a 'C Caidw"-'" "idaftoC Atlaula I Rock ■ h Camas >\ ilarket Lak.^ '^Mi I S|>rs. >''oVfW kvy Etna Mills Uir? Waifleur Lakfj Rummer Lake Hanu^L. ° Alvord iJdtt tagletllle"^ iouier £. i^ .%,:! ^ V oKctchum Halloj — r, ., , , '"*°'*''.^«l>»» Ferry>Tlkura '^ y^Biackfoot P'^ •tov"')" -hone ''// ; Silver Ci'y>o A;,^^ '■i?""-c.~-___y*r^\Mo Cauimon t \vall..y {Z^^-^-'^^r /V/,H~-^oS<«l«3P'i»8» Fremanti w /»»vi ' Shosboo' , V* SdUlb 1 IB AS Weaver! iile i'lVia ./^"'''^^-'^a'' \ M O'tSSM \,<^ , „„ - -V o / m -"llli/kfeoBurugy Valley ^ 1 •■••■- '^ »- H d Bi ,1 ,v »R' N- J Ai ""'' 4^r ;:^ i .<€i!?r*"«iIovelooks kiali Trulto oj a c ^William' kUumsuy s\Davl»vljle; tSusanviUe o M;hlco;^iS^; ^<"">l ^%A ^^mm&''\./^Buml>oldt i-lJulDoy BMarjS* _ \ NevadU c**" ^PlaoeVVHB 3 lone J Valley Sf® J Milton IStdbMoD ^ D / A '^^eL-l^lvtughn. \ Cherry Creek? City /^Aui.Ua ^' Eureka J o SOM or. < SamUtoa Kellon yiusoapora y'^V-^ JTeooiuav.. lalleek I^M ^.;:.:yi:Qjarfleld /gioia lawthoroe ^'^■««Jiiv <«;•*' Sla A"*. Bc£ ■jihlej »»jeB\ „ W Trenton ^Sllycr ( ;indlaB Village - Tlutlc^ LcaniingtoD^ Sevier Ld, Pleasant A'« t'rtoe 3 Wales o Mauil iBlV Belmonti ojKichaeM Trlsco ) Couaelula Uoutrose \ l|i>" MOUNTAIN TIME *((..«. V.' . llJJnboldl Ari«! l\ H.B.Poit^ ,^ H^,^^ < | Touchwood ° 'X.i* lix Sarruict B I (7oat< i. \^ V i(i iJ'^ T ^ O '^^ B "\-)» A «<»< J.. ()**>'( [jiiti.i ff^KaijIe I,. 1-* /^ Ae;/ L U.ll.i'..»t ■ ' JVermiUlOH ' '' " _^ *^—^Mir '"'•''■> "''I Car? 1 ^<«?!l;''wft2^"'^'-p ^crfl(ruo,ai..io,. cur j ";»«'-TT»5,"t»..v™-.-j?iSf',r«ff«^:iA) , o.v»' ail i\ •> «>«• Vi"''"'*"'] De^w Suri'l^cc l-McKiuuey '^''Ogan'' M/ fi^™j«-^„\rj^,ja,. ,. lnvjt^'rut»k>tiop 3 Furtitton CFtTlllC Orient ^ o-^V \ .**-\ — _XEaiitoii/ " VathSv.iii,, [ X/ iiVS^i! HH B«riliuo*y NiWaiVnown// CeiiinMiKyv- . Crotl ."' Klruv^ , Porlagi'^Cy. .X V ^L vwA BaralKjuiV ,8ioux City F„rt uoag<, I o /„\ \ ' I'rarie du Cim -»—""—/ \y^V^;^\,„n ft tlerloo^ -^ ^Piedmont 7 '^"^'IjiT Slater ^1:-"^ i. ip- "-^^^■'^' ^ KGil JLAKiE-CJlTTf toM^^ ** t'^'A'iihlcy pleasant A'wlley Jc. I'rlcc 'il la *j> ,-1, ,. ,. e.S*"V^ Broken BowX \ ♦t5'^^^^==Ti?a"rfflB>n»;''~^ aai,y//iLU/Mj^/,,'/!r,„7irvM/iaML^. -i.^- ^i. -w- . .i" j' Seward Vinton ^ ^■Ej'-'l""' i Vti— i>^^\ \''\Xi »/ -\ *-''-'''/'°''l*p''''ciini2ir"«~' — ^ - -^ - Mar:«l):ilUo\vi: .Manilla " BuKatiqe c I Oikafoosa Charlumjs tsburg (a rant •"ti: flatt^uiouth /Alton J« OHujnA'a [Hasttugi Newcastle , im^lSm>M /f=S'::^^S=^y fe- 1 ^V^*"'* Indlanoir-:^')ld"!«e llentralXlHis^ *_ffli ♦ ^—^ QcurKtiionr UINCOI^I , 1 Beatrice^ \i' Cy. ) I*?' iCllfeN VEi'VP**'' TraU Korion_^ Colby ^ — tenor* ConcoriliaX Uoutroae £l a tiunuinou idvijl S ^lorado ^pia. tt>lO Sheridan Lake p. Sultua^ lliiF llonon^ ;^. BlQeTtiir T— ?WBlohl| I Kmporla ^renton Arf a J'liitJ -*• — »<^— JL¥»con liiMcolEe^ L jrNrayi/s Klr|(»*llle -ol tr B i\_ (loiierly V^ ^" "^' ■^ llexlco /'Sedalla'^'^f^ Neeuati riiiu Stmcot •o.y,-^, Aurora "Collet /i/s Bvmvnt CDiilirviiurt" —4— I irdsviUe. TTorrejltule ikfortUnlon/Olt: !lawN« MuuBeld ^ TlIUVeTDOo ^ S;-^a5& r 78y«'^o».u4a I^SJ"'"*"'"" ^Allahenj City -IU\ ' Mauctivnterl ^„ _ VI Cunlxldgci ^ j^-Jlariott* >,vi I . k:;*-...JCIMHATI , OritnoD^ ft Uavli WXBT VIBaiKXA rpuis eo- AND ITS CONNECTIONS, (MBROA.TOR PROJBOTION.) MATTHCWS. NORTHRUP Ik 00., lUFrACO h MtW ^ 70" 60° «*' mmmmm tMSSiSkdHSi&MSiit. i^ioia. 'J M>MH«IMMW«nH«M«ll ^ .iii' -jH>><»|jy.i9il^-- S*"!**"-* J«h»-,''.'' - .■ !■" •*(; wa >V» •'"■- 'I \v i'11 compiled -svitli the viow of drawini;^ attention to the natural ndvautam^s that tlieso dis- tricts ()if(>r for j-aising at a low cost cattle, horses and sheep, and for producini;- Imtter and chees(>. The .sid)ject of grain raising is not dwelt on t;i any extent, inasmuch as that (pies- tion is fully discussed in a companion pamj)hlet, " Tlie Xorth- •\vest Fartnei-," a coijy of which can l»e oht-iined at any office of th( C'anadian Paciiic liailway Company. It must not ])e inferre<>fh districts. The reader having made up his mind to go into one or other of these branches of farming, naturally asks the question : WHERE SHOULD I TAKE MY TICKET TO ? If, after what you have read, you incline to Western Assiniboia, the best place to take your ticket to is Maple Creek or Medi- I cine Hat. As these ai-e the chief phxces of resort for tlic cattle men, tlie settk'r, on an-ival, can obtain much valuable informa- tion from them. There are several o-ood stores in these towns where supplies of all kinds that the settler will neeil can he obtained. If he prefei's Southern Alberta, he .should take his ticket to Lethbrid<^e, where the Goverinnent land othce for the • listi'ict is located. Or, if Northern Alberta is his choice, book to Caljijary HOW (AX [ OinWIX A HANCJIE ? If it is the intention to end)ark in the business of laisinjj cattle, horses oi- slieep on a l;ir;^e scale, an extent of ground ecpial to the ]-anchei'"s reipxirements can be obtained under lease fi'om the Dominion (iovernment on tne following easy tern's : — Settlers can ol)tain leases of public lands not exceeding f vicinity of the settler's residence. The lease shall l)e for a })eriod not exceeding twenty-one years. The lessee shall pay tin annual rental of two cents an acre. The lessee shall, within tlu'ee years, place one head of cattle for every twenty acres of land covered by his lease : at least one-thii'd of the nundier of cattle stipulated for shall be placed on the range within each of tlu' three years from the date of the order-in-council granting the lea.se. Whether he bi' a lessee or not, no pt'rson shall be allowed to place shee]) upon lands in ^Ianiti)ba and the' Northwest with v> I A RANCHERS HOME, MAPLE OREEK, ARRINTBOIA. J V9I t) THE COST OF STARTING A HANCHE. For the benefit of intending settlers, an account of the cost of starting a i-anche is herewith given : Take as an example a person bringing ii: a band of 500 head of good grade two- year-old heifers, at say $25 (£5) per head ; also 20 bulls at $50 (£10). In the first place, he must locate a suitable site for Imildings, etc., in the vicinity of good water ; a run- ning stream is of coui'se preferable. Then comes the erection of Ins buildings — a log house which will cost about $150 (£80) ; a horse stable to accommodate eight horses, $50 (£10) ; a shed 100x20 feet for weak cows and calves during winter, say $75 (£15), and a pole corral for branding calves, etc., about $15 (£8). These buildings will be suflacient for the first year, and can be added to as his band increases. Next comes the pur- chasing of say fifteen saddle horses at about $G0 (£12) per head ; one team of work horses at $250 (£50) ; mower and rake $125 (£25), and a waggon and harness $125 (£25). This will be the principal outlay ; in atldition there are the smaller tools, furni- tui'e, provisions, &c. ASSINIBOIA. The District of Assiniboia lies lietween the Province of Manitoba and the District of Alberta, and extends north from the International boundary to the 52nd parallel of latitude, and contains an area of thirty- four million acres. Travelling west- ward on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the district is entered at a point 4<12 miles west of Winnipeg. It is divided into two great areas by the Mis.souri Coteau, or third prairie steppe that crosses the railway at Secretan Station. Each of the.se divisions has its own peculiar characteristics, making the eastern portion essentially a wheat-growing country, and the western better fitted for mixed farming and ranching. The great plain lying south of the Qu'Appelle River and stretching south to the International Boundary is considered to have the largest acreago of wheat land, possessing a uniform character of soil found in any one tract of fertile prairie land in the Northwest. The eastern part of the district is known as the Park Country of the Canadian Northwest. The surface is rolling, dotted over with clumps of trees usually found border- ing the shoi'(>s of lakes or meadows. The valley of the Pipe- stone is considered the most attractive section. Coal in ahimihinre is found in the South, in the district drained by tlie Souris River. This district, including the Province of Manitoba, will one day be the GREATEST WHEAT PRODUCING SECTION of the American continent, for the following reasons : 1st. It has a s(m1 particularly rich in the food of the wheat plant, 2nd. A climate under which the plant comes to maturity with great rapidity. 3rd. On account of its northern latitude it receives more sunshine during the period of growth than the country to tlie South. 4th. Absence of rust, due to dryness of climate. 5fc]i. Absence of insect foes. Tliese conditions are specially favorable to the growth of the hard, ll:nty wlieat of the Scotch Fyfe variety that is so highly prized by millers all the world over, giving it a value of from 10 to 2.')c. a bush;>I over tlie .softer varieties grown in Europe and tlie older parts of Canada. It has now the distinctive designation in the wheat markets of the world of "MANITOBA HARD." While this soil produces a berry of such a high grade, the per- centage between the amount of grain produced for that sown is amazing, and the record shown by the last complete statistics of an average of .10 hin^heh pai ac^e, is one that has not been approached on tliis continent WB ^■1 8 ASSINIBOIA. W E S T E 11 X in S T K I C T. { This region, which is fully equal to the Bow and Belly River District as a stock country, and to the Calgary District as a mixed fanning countiy, has been ignored in the rush to the hitter places. It is now beginning to attract the attention it deserves, as attested by the large number of settlers that ha\e taki'ii up land during the past season. The plain south of th(* railway line, lying along the base of the northern slope of the Cypress Hills, and extending West to Medicine Hat, is unsurpassed foi* grazing purposes by any part of the North- west. It is everywhere thickly covered with a goodgi'owth of nutritit)us gi-asses, — the grass is iisually the short, crisp variety, known as " Buffalo Grass," which becomes to all appearanc j dry about midsunnner, but is still green and growing at the roots, and forms excellent pasture both in .summer and winter. A heavy growth of grass suitable for hay is found in many of tha river bottoms and surrounding the numerous lakes and sloughs It is difficult to believe that cattle and horses prefer, w^at appears to the casual observer to be short dried up grass, to the green juicy grassess of rank growth that are found lM)rdering tht; lakes and sloughs ; but it only requires a short experience *>f the country to prove the truth of this assertion. It is amazing the rapidity with which poor emaciated animals brought from the East get sleek and fat on the stunted buffalo grass of the plains. The supply of timber on the hills is considerable. There is also an abundance of fuel of a different kind in the coal seaniS that are exposed in many of the valleys. Settlei-s in this section of country have thus at hand an abundant supply of timber suitable for house logs and fencing, and lM)th coal and wood for fuel. 8 SETTLEMENTS. Tlic principal scttlcniieiits are iii i\w district south of Maple Crook, DuiniKHV and Medicine Hat. Parties in search of land, eith(>r for mixed farminijf or stock-raisinj'', ai-e advised to cxaniine tlie country southwest of Swift (^UTont Station, alon;^' tlie Swift (.urnuit ( 'I'oek, soutli and w<'st of Gull Lake, soutli of Maple Creek, the Valley of MacKay (.reek that Hows nortli from the liills crossinj^'' le track at Wulr.h, and south of Irvine and Dunmore. THE CYPllESS HILLS COUNTRY. These hills, which may he dindy seen in the south fry the Cypress Hills, which j'un from east to M'est, it is protet-ted from the extreme high winds which l>li)W u]< j'rom the south timi. west. The (Vpress Mills, wiih it; k\-el plateaus, scarred by deep coulees and ci'ei^k \-alleys. tlmt in old times usecl to he the wintering rang(i of countless hutilvlo, ationls now equally as good a range foi' domestic cattle. Though as yet the district is not extensively stocked, it will suri)rise some who think they know all ahout the resources of the T(>i'ritories to leai'u tlu^ amount of stock on this range. At the fall rounN' iii.'ii Idolviiii-' t'lii* a i'aii<^' is tlu> «listaii('(' iVoiii M iiiarUi't. Miiplr ('lick l)istrict is llic iiraiTst jMii'ic ciiuiily to tlir tast. Passiiiy llic < 'yprrss Mills, the next r.ni;,f<' is t'oiiiul at tlic liasr of llic Ko'ky Moiiiitaiiis. a (listancc oi' iictwci 11 2()() asterii horses in point of ixeiitlene.ss. He has has also imported from England two thorouglibred blood stallions and three thorough- bred mares. la SllKKI'. Tlu-rt! avo si\t n;.l I);u..!s < l' .-lut j> iii tliln illsirli t, aaiouiifiii!^' tulVom 1",000 to IM.OOO lirnd ; nnd thomrU t1i<.s.'ttlci-s scmi t<» prt'ft'i* caHlo to .s!ii'rp, .some think tlmt i'm- iiini \\i;!i a llttld capital, ItutMill'n;^^ to r iiu'iitioncil. ) '>cattci'(d aloiijj;' > nmke a liom.^ I'or (liein- seives; imniliers of V lioni, ^lieii tliey lind erec(c(l lluir sluu Ic. oil tlie (piarter si'etioii ili'V lia-I sipiatted into gnii'i raising puri'ly to go there. ^[anitoha has advantages over that district in this I'espect, hiit for anyone who wislied to eom- bin<^ farnnng wit1i stoclc i-aising, ^\•e would aiKI.^;;.' them to ivy ^[aplo Creek. The district possesses as good soil, ea])al»l«^ of raising as l.irgo a crop as anypai-tof .\[anitoha : -wilii th(> adililiou of a climato that will allow stock Avintering out, with thi' -'realest ease. Also, from the nature of the counti-y, pai-t Ixingso i-ougli as to untit it f(a- cultivation, there will he ample pastun^ for a l(ai<'* time to come, there wi' I thei-ei'oi-e not he tht^ dangei- of heing hemmed in, that all parties exi)ei-ience, who attempt t() handle a lai'ge iminher of stock in a purely farnnng district. British Cohnnhia, with its weal; li of mineral, only waiting for capital to d here at a iiuieh less cost than it can in i\[aniti,.e of pursuits pi'omising rich re- wards. To the laborer, the industrious farm laborer who will work contentedly for a few years until he acquires capital to start farming for himself, Alberta otters bright prospects ; if he is sober and economical, success greater than his most su-i'i'-uino expectations is within his i-each. To the servant girls of the old country, and especially to girls accustomed to dairy work, we would say that All)erta needs your labor and industry, and otiers you good wages to start with ; it rests largely with yourself if you ai-e long seek- ing employment ; new homes are springing up every day, and progressive settlers are continually seeking good wi\'es. The prospect that you may in the near future iill the honored position of a good wifi' to a worthy man, and be mistress of a comfortable, happy Ikmiio of your own, should be an inducement to tempt good sensible women to come to Alberta. The invalid will find in Alberta a bracing climate to recuper- ate his health, and the \irtues of its hot mineral springs are becoming universallj' extolled. The sportsman, tourist, artist, botanist and geologist will find that the mountains, foi-ests, lakes and prairies of Alberta afford abundance of pleasure, interest and information ; a large portion of Northwestern Alberta is but little known and is an almost unexplored country, and offers much to lovers of adventure and exploration. For educated labor, there are very few openings here, clerks, salesmen and educated men of no particular calling, and who have no means, should not come ; the supply already here far exceeds the demand. Professional men with limited means 81 •l 81 A ROUND UP CAMP. O^) rxpcctin^^ to iimkc a livin;^' <>iit ot* tli«' practice of thrir profes- sion are also likely to lie disappointed : there are already more lawyers, doctoi's, engineers, surveyors, t-tc, than there is at present profitahle practice for. The country needs produc(*rs and capitalists; men of idle and extravagant habits, men with no capital and who are unaccustomed to manual lahor, \\'ill be likely to meet with hardship and disappointment. Farmers witirsome capital, say from i^fjOO (£100) to ^2,000 (£400) will lind this a good countiy, providing always they are iiulustrious, economical and practical. With 32,000 to $8,000, a man with a family to help him can make a splendid start in dairy or mixed farming, with every chance of growing wealthy in a very few years. WHEN TO COME. The settler coming to Alberta will be rather benefitted than othevwise by coming early in the spring. Spring work, ploughing, etc., generally connnences at the end of February and seldom later than tlu* middle of March ; true, after that we have some di,:>agreeable cold spells, but it will be a decided advantage to the new comer to arrive in good season, as, if he intends entering into dairy farming, he will be in a position to enjoy the full benefit of the season, and there is no reason why he shoiild not make money from the first by butter making. It will be found that outside the supply of clothing for himself and family, it is more profitable to purchase his requirements when lie arrives at his destination. Money in his pocket will secure him the necessaries suitable to the country, whereas tlie useless, though possibly costly amount of baggage which so many bring, is often found a hindrance in many ways. When you have thoroughly made up your mind to emigrate, purchase a " through ticket " to Calgary, if you intend settling in the centre or northern part of Alberta. Do not believe any discouraging reports of the country which interested pai'ties are so willing to circulate ; more than lOHiMWJi frtfia ! 2ii a few liavc li(>(Mi (IctciTod from eoniing here l)y false i-t-ports. Tlic letters piililislied in this paiiij)hlet are written l)y })rac'tic'al people of good standing, luid yy reading them over cai'efully. When you have done so, you will very likely l»e convinced that this is a good country ; and when you come, if you are of the right material, you will find success crown your labcn-s. CLIMATE. One of the greatest delights incidental to life in this highly favored country, is f^aind in the magnilicence of the ciimate. It may truly he said, for the meteorological records ainply prove it, that there is noplace on this western hemisphere that enjoys more bright sunlight, during the year round, than Alberta, and it enjoys at least tifty per cent, more than the average. There is no rainy season in Alberta ; no two or tlu'ee months of wet and slush, sleet and rain, in the fall, as in other pai'ts of the Dominion. The autunni weather of Alberta is perfect. T(jwards the end of September the air gets chilly at night, with fi-ost enough to make the roads crisp in the morning ; the sun rises in matchless splendor, the blue vault of Heaven is unmarked with even the shadow of a cloud, the atmosphere clear and light, bright and invigorating, thrilling every pulsation of feel- ing, sharpening the intellect, and infusing ruddy energy into every part of the body. No one can do justice with the pen to the splendor of this weather ; day after day, week after week, sometimes clear up to Christmas-tide this fall weather remains unbroken, warm, joyous, delicious. When winter sets in the siege is usually sharp, short and de- cisive. The writer has seen the thermometer 25 l)elow zero, but, as a matter of fact, the writer has also experienced winter weather in Ontario when the thermometer vras standing above i. 24 zero, l)ut tlu' colli st'('iii»'(l more ijitcnsc, inorc soiirchinir mill ;4;rciitly iiiorc discoinforting thiiu ut 25" Itolow zero in AllxTtfl. This is now a well iveognizod distinction Lctwrcu the weather east and west of Canada, and it entirely rej(>cts the thennonieter as an index of tlu^ comparative severity of winter w(>ather. The reason of the ditl'erence lias often l»ecn exj)lained — the air (»f Alberta is .sin' Ontario is humid. 'J'he s[)rini; season of Alberta is tlie most trying'' : not because it is ]»artieularly wet, or severe, or lon<,^ but becausi- M'ith a mild winter ontr expects to see a correspondingly early spring. In Alberta one is usually disappointed on that .score, because the s[)ring tbei'e is very rarely any earlier than in Manitoba or Ontario. Tin- winter is shoi'tenetouvlvr. Kiiiiifall. Mu> M»\ M^-,^ \r»v Muv M;>v Miu. Max. \ ♦,-*i f« 4^ r\* 4S :* *C» Si' 1* j:^ rc *.\ «4S ^^.^ >^*. '.V «: SS .•^ w <»^^ V «!4^ *> M ♦i^ ?> ^ ^*^ *> W y^ 4« N!!> ^^i* «. M V .V>' ^t *:i' (tV^ i8i > 1^ «^ ■~* M ,\s 41 .:s «.v •*i?. K j *s >> ^v. *> '^ .v^ ^^ Mi^ f& :s> '»> Ml A.< »;>' ^ i0> <«?. ^ ""^ v^ .<< •:^ S< ■i'* «i Sr <;■* N^ "^ •M ^* ^ r* ^fs 'iU i;^ ^; it> 'M *:*" ^. t ^, *", -{■ v: ^" iv Si X) * s'- 4f K»- ay ■^ Hi SS- ** >L^ >\ <*^ ■*v- «t»^ ■V. M >* X( >i ■■:'* \< >>^ V N> K» "« su "** vV V s?- tt > Si -•il ■^t ^ w ^^ »«f H^ •>« tj i^ ^ *! .2 >^' *-\ «.• w si: ^ ^ SJ »r" *^ A> •tf s> "TV Si « .*«». "t st» "ki •VI %> WW 'jw. ■■»* «**■ •I % V-. V «^ ^ *^. ■>v M •1 ^* 4»- ■*• rf^ ♦v «M "^i*^ SS "t. ^ **> ■4<«: thbri(lge Mines, or what is commonly known jvs the " Gait Coal Field." These mines have also been workeil during th(^ past five years with a constantly increasing out-])ut, and at the present time can supply to the extent of their market. I'hey ar»^ situated one hundred and ten miles from the main line of the ( ^inadiau racitic R\'. and ari> connected with it by a narrow guagi' rail- way. The coal is an t'xcellent one, Itoth for domestic and steam purposes, and bears transportation widl; it is semi- ' b 28 bituminous in chararacter, and tlie seam is about five feet in thickness. During the pi. st autumn the Canadian Pacitic Railway Com- pany have been testing a coal li*>ld at Crowfoot Creek, iu;ar the railway, and found two seams : one about three feet in tliickness, and an underlying one about thirteen feet. This coal has also been found to the north, upon the Rosebud and J)eer rivers, and evidently extends throughout a larger extent of country at no great depth. These coals are al.so llgnitic in charj^cter, but prove first-class fuel, being quick to ignite and burning with a strong heat, their most serious fault being their lightness and tendency to decrepitate upon exposure to the weather. This tendency may, howevt-r, altogeth(>r .subside, as was the case wiUi tlio Lethbridge coal.s, upon their being extensivi-ly mined. It migiit be proper here to say that these coals extend well up towards C^algary, and probably underlie the whole coiuitry at no serious depth, being in a nearly horizontal position, the greatest incline not exceeding 10. The most workable coals are found at what are known as the Barr River an['. 'i^^ ''.■■■ it /' PRAIRIE BRAXDIXO. ! ;: i -4 i i \ ;J2 t' J! %. Ill I w SILVER. All the copper and lead deposits already mentioned carry more or less silver, and the experienci' of most other places will, no floubt, be found to hold g^)od here : that is, the greater the development tlie richer the vein will prove. Sufficient is already known tc warrant the t-mployment of both labor and capital on an extensive scale. Most of the ores are sufficiently rich in silver to leave a good margin o^:' profit to be worked for this metal alone, l»ut the establishm it of modern smelting works w(aild enable many of the lower grades to be operated with pr(jfit, and which are now unmarketable. GOLD. In the inuiiediate neighborhood of the Canadian Pacifie Railway through Alberta, and for some distance to the west of it, quartz carrying gold, except associated wuth silver, copper and lead ores, have not been found to any extent. On the Columbia, Saskatchewan, Athabasca, Canoe, and Peace rivers, and tributaries thereof, placer deposits exist. Some of them have been known for years, and worked to a greater or less extent, by hand labt»r, and at a time when the sup- plies cost a fabulous amount : when tea, soap, nails, sugar, beans, fioiu', bacon, had a uniform price per pound, vary- ing from $1 to $2 ; keeping that in view, with provisions at what they can now be furnished at, and with the appliances of modern machinery, hydraulics, (fee, there should be nothing to prevent many of these old camps being profitably opened up again, and when general attention is once directed to it, it will, no doubt, be speedily followed by the discovery of new fields, and as has been the case, in nearly every other locality, also followed by the discovery and profitable *vorking of quartz veins i'iii<;s liavc bofii cari'icd on to any considerable' depth. Tlic snpply is nidiniitctl, und no doul»t the same article can he ohtained at verv nian\' other points, whicli will prove the tj^i'eatest stimulant to nianu- facturin*;, and also become a very laiw factor in «loniestic economy and comfort. WILD FLOWERS. Nature has showered on this land her choicest irifts, the countless charms wliich make this earth so fair and beautiful are here in rich profusion, and as of old when (lod first creati^l the world, " beliold ! it is verv' mxxl." Not the least of its attractions are wild flowers which adoi'ti the prairies from eai'ly spi'ing to autumn, ever chanyini,^ yet ever lovely : from the pale lavendei- crocus, which in natui'e's Horal book is the opening leaf, pushin*^ its way throu<,d) the brown earth and bU)SSO)ning into a lovely Hower to i,dadden the .settler's heart by proclaimiui^ that .sprini,'' is here, to tlie o-ohh'u rod which liny'ers after tht^ othei' tiowei's are faded and ifone. Amoni( the early spi-infj flowers is that little lunne plant, the blue violet, endeared to lis all by the remini.sci'uces it brings of other lands. June comes ami with it that flower of flowers, the I'ose. Everywhere o\-e)' the prairies is to be seen this little dwarf bush, with its wealth of briefht blossoms, breathing into the air their (h'licious perfume : these are mostly bright, crimson, single roses, but there are some, botli single and double, of the most delicate blush tints. The chai-m \ A PRAIRIE CORRAL. I 86 luj)ias, liluc, i>iiik ainl wliitr, the Hrst (juito coiuiiion, the ro- iiiaiiiiiii;' two iiioic ivirr ; Itniiks of jmrplr and wild thyiiic, tho air tVaj^^niiifc with its s[)ic'y ai'oma. Tlif most ln-illiant of all flowt'i's is that clci^^aiit floral gi-in, tlu; orauge wd lily, M'hidi j^rows licre in myriads, acres upon aci'cs all alilazc with glory. (Jro\viny tliem, the (Joveniment foniiiilated r«'<,'ulutions with the view of pluciii;;' the hinds under pfistuni<;e h'nses. Tht^ Dopartnientiil report for iiSS,'), the first ;4iviiij^f any stutisties on the. rancliing interests of tiie west, siiowed the inunberof stock on the western ranj^^es as follows : — Cattle 4(i,S:i'> Ilorsos 4,01;'. Sheep !V)ii4 To illustrati^ the rapid deveh:)pnient of this inchistry, it will be sufficient to say tliat the returns for \HHH show tiie foUow- mg number of stock on the ran<^('S. Cuttle 108,.")(>1 Horses 2:'i,stiS Sheep ;5i,4:;:) Over five tl )usand jj^rass fed cattUi were shipped to (Ji-eat Britain last year. Some idea can be formed of the profits accruin*,' to cattle raisers, from the fact that for tiie four year old steers comjirised in these shipments, as hitrli as .S-io (CD) per head was paid on the foot at Calgary, while tlu; cost of raising cxmsisted almost entirely for management and herding, the animals having been fattened solelv on tiie natural grasses. The largest number of cattle are in the ranches of Southern Alberta. These animals are not given either food or shelter at any season of the year other than what natui-e provides, and are only seen by tlu^ owners at the round-up, when the animals are collected togethcu" for the purpose of branding, Set: That this system is the most profitnble one, is moi'e than doubtful. Each year's experience points tait that there is more profit and economy in providing food niid shelter for them during the worst winter weather. Severe seasons will now and again occur, and to insure againsfc losses in such seasons, food and shelter are advisable ; and the belief is fast 'a\ 'AH •rniiiiii};' <;i'()Unv expei'ienced men of manv countries that Alherta stands rii'st as a cattle couiitiy in the ahundance of its native trasses, plentiful sup[)ly of water and natural shelter: and conij)ai"ini^ the losses in Alboi'ta, since ; cattle I'anchin;^ commence(l. with those of tlu^ Western States dui'inj^ the same period, it will he found that when the cattle men of Montana ami Wyomine- lost (iOand 70 percent, dui'ing severe winters, the losses on tluwVlherta ranj^fes did not exceed I5i)ercent. That even these losses should occur in a land where millions of tons of hay annually i"itain and Kentuekv, ( 'Ivdesdales from Scotland, Perchei'ons from Fi'ance. and ti'ottiiii^ st(»cl\ from the United States, luiN'e iteen imported at ^reat expense, and the result is that the youn^ hoi'ses of Alherta will compare with anv in Canada. A l»etterdisi)la,v of horseflesh than that made at the ( ^il^ary A^^n'iculttiiul Exhihition last fall wouhl he ditll- cult to find, and there is little doubt hut that each succeital foi- weakly or 41 ill oil itc 4.2 sick Iioi'scs, ami tliis separate from tlio gem'ral stables. Adjacent to the stables, a well-arranged strong corral or cori'als — great care being taken that there an; no projecting points or corners to injure wild young horses — add to this a good, well plastered log farm house and our ranche is ready for occu- pation. This seems a very e.Ktensive start, but most of the Work can be y they may accpiire W((alth without woi'king or waiting — it is not to be wondered at that tlu' slow hut sure I'oads to com- petence are unheeded by the many. Syndicates to obtain raih'oatl charters to build lines to the great mineral and oil fields of the north ; syndicates to erecL smelting works at Calgary, to run water through its streets, to build tramways, to buy town sites, to develop placer diggings and quartz mines ; these and many such schemes are deemed by knowing ones, "short cuts to success," and ai-e tlu^ all absorbing tcjpics and attractions. And in the worry and ex- citement of our haste to grow suddenly rich, we take little interest in an industry which promises to be the keynote to Alberta's future pi-osperity, viz., shei-p farming. " A sheep farmer forsooth " in this active age, when men grow rich in a year; yet the natural advantages which Alberta possesses for sheep farming will soon giv(> her a place second to few, if any, of the wool and mutton growing countries of the W(jrld. Alberta to-day offers what the Australian colonies had to offer thirty years ago, — millions of acres of rich grass lands well water(.'chrane being one of the pi'incipal sheep raisers in the district, we here give his views: C(x;iiR.\NK R ANCUi:, Ai.ueuta, January "Oth, 188S. There ure iibnnt 7,000 .shee}) on the range at i)re.sont. liavcf sold about .'rTjOr.O wortli (if sIkh'J) from tlie hand diirinjr tlio past year, and about .S6,00n worth of wool. Our ewos are izrade M<'rino.s, and we are breeding to imported Shro])sliire Kanis and Inid cro.^.s very .satisfactory for both 45 p < O 1^ H ■Ji W > J I 1 III! 46 ^vool iiud mutton, iiud uro of oiiiniou that Siotili Cheviots would do bettor and brued a hurdior .shtsej), Avhich would require littb if any feetl durin;,' wititor. Slioep are liore divided irto bands of about 2,500 each, for Mie winter, an;l 1,300 for the summer. Our winter .sheds aro sheltered from the iiortli and west, and wo feed our sheep on hay on the cold mornings iii December and January. AVitlx careful management we expect 100 per cent, increase every year. Laml)ing starts on the lirst of May. Shearing about the middle <;f .Tune. Clip should average about 0 lbs. per head. Loss in largo bands should not aA'erage over 3 jier cent, per annum if draft lives are sold olf overy year. The mortality amon^r lambs is wonderfully small, much less than in Scotland. All prevalent disoasos amon;r ^.heop in the old country are not known here. Parasites are also unknown, but ■\^■o dip the sheep every year as a jireNeutative. Yours traly, E. B. Cochrane. ;;l OPINION OF VISITORS FROM ONTARIO. Last year a number of repreacmtativo mon from Ontario visit-v'i-Ing and doing AVrll. He instanced one case where a mr.n had started with nothing about fo-r yer.rs ago, and although a l)achelor the wretch had accumulated over $5,000 worth of property. 1 I MIXED FARMING. While it has been demonstrated beyond question that gi-ain, I'oot and vegetable crops of ;dl kinds can bo grown to ^nvnt advantage in Alberta, yet tillage or crop farming will, for many years to come, be but a secondary consideration to lIk; f:irmers here, for the simple i-eason that a more j)rofitable lino cf farming can be carried on, of a class, too, which i:; bein?,' adopted in the richest farming districts of Eastern Canada and Great Britain, and found to bo best paying — mixed farming — and by that i;; meant gi'owing sufficient crops for home con- sumption and relying on the .sale of Imtter, theese, liecf, pork, nmtton artd wool for income : and for this class oi farmin<'' Alberta is second to no country. We have here everythin;,' that an intending dairy-farmer cotild desire : free land, a boun- tiful supply of the purest spring water, many springs ice cold in summer which yet remain unfi'ozen during tlie coldest sea- sons, rich gi-asses, 1 )right healthy climate, short wintiu-s, plenty of fuel, and markets which practically have no limit, for when the supply more than equals th(^ farms of the Canadian Agi'icultural Company in growing flax were crowned with such .success that it is now the intention of the manager to go largely into Hax raising. Negotiations are now going im with the view of manufactui'ing the fibre intcj binding twine, so as 50 to 1m' nl>l(' to Meet tlic il('iM(iny practical dairymen and fai'nicrs appearing in this pamphlet attest the reniarkahle i-esults attendant on this class of farming;' in the Provinces of Alberta and Assinil>oia. The leadinij featur(>s that mark out this section of (.'anada as tlie country jiful ; nnil that the <-laims urtjeil for Albei'ta, that she wil' •(• ji.bl ■ >utstrip all competitors in the clu'ap pi'oduction of V..O hij. -st yrudes of dairy products are Wl' toun( le last seven years in tliis country. I landed liero in ISSi', am! from tiuit time up to the i)rosent T have watcliod each season can-fully, witii the view of arrivinj; at a conclnsiou as to what this country is best adapted for, and the conclusioii I liave '!! oi ■^m 'f. OS o H I— '■M w r. 52 arrived at is this : not another niixod farming country on the Continent of America that offers so many advantages as the District of Alberta. Crops, for tile last sevmi years have compared very well with those of the best jiarts of America. Our crops are wheat, oats, barley, j)eaH, potatoes, turnips, mangolds, cabbage, carrots, beets, onions ; and, in fact, I might say every variety of garden produce. Now, as to tlie prices obtained for what a farmer can produce, tiicy are these : l?utter, 'Jo to :!.') cents [Hir lb ; Hggs, LTi to -!(» cents per dozen ; cheese, 14 to 1") cents per lb ; beef, 5 to 7 cents i)er lb ; veal, 10 cents jht lb; mutton, 7 cents per lb; pork of all kinds, from 14 to L'O cents per lb. The next (piestion asked may bo: what is the demand? I'ork of ail kinds imported into tiie Xortiiwest Territories, J am sorry to say, reaches millions of dollars. Our l>eef uuirket is well known to Oreat IJritainasthe best market in the world, not only for meat, but for butter, cheese and eggs, flour, and, I miglit say, otlier produce too numerous to menticm. A word as to l)utter and clieese. Our climate is tiie best in the world for tliose i)rouucts, the nights l)eingso cool. Now, sir, I iiave arrived at ♦he most impo' 1^.1. it point and tiuit is as to tiie Ijest class of settlers to advise to coMe liere and make liomes in Alberta. IVrbaps it is as well for me to say here liiat when I landed in this country 1 had not Si.', but have managed to liring a large family from tiie east and provide very well lor them, as well as making a good iiome. Hut I would be very sorry to advise any one to come from the Old World as poor as I came her'*. Tiie man who can bring to tliis country say from !?1,20() (£2.")0) and upwards and make a proiKir use of it, and is net too proud to work, will, I am satisfied, succeed. There is anotlier point to wiiiiii I wisli to call tlie attention of people wishing to come to tliis country, and that is our si'hool laws. Four or five families settled in my locality can make a demand and iiave a school established and aa good a system 1, may say, as there is in the world. In conclusion, let me say that anyone coming to Alberta on the strength of what I have written, i am satisfied, will never regret having done so. A. Cabney. Calgahv, L'Oth Pecember, 1889. Dear Sir, — In resivmse to yonr request, I have much pleasure in saying how pleasei 1 am with the District of .Vlberta as a home for natives of the United Kingdom. I have beei\ living in and about the town of Calgary for the past two years, acting as I^aw Agent for the Canadian Pacific Colonization Corpor- ry.i ation (Liniitod^i of London, Ensihind, and liavo liud tlio 1)ost of opportuni- ties of ac(iuirinir an cxporiiMicc of tlio country utMierally, and s^oiu;^ settlers at tlioir lionics and elsewliore since I became resident in iMberta. At first I only camo out to test the country, without my family, hut at the end of six months I became so tIiorf)U{?lily convinced of the solidity of Alberta as tiie |)hice for the homes of the coui^ested population of (ireat r>rilain and Ireland, who are desirous of estal>hsliin>; an inde- }iendence iur themselves on hinds not to be beaten for fertility for mixed farmiuL' purposes, I made up my mind to settle permanently and brou^iit out my family, and am settled on a villa farm of 'J;'.") acres witiiin two miles of ('alL'ary, wiiere my family seem scarcely to realize tiiat they are six thousand miles from the olil Country. Vrom personal ol)servation f can confidently recommend all [H'rsons who have a taste for ajjricultural pursuits and tlie raisini; of horses and live stoi'k of all kinds, to si-ttle in the Histrict of Alberta, either on the (iovernment I'n'c Lands, or on t' lands fir sale on moderate terms, with easy payments, by the ("unadian I'acitic Railway. Tho.se with capital prefer the latt(>r lands on I'ccount of Ix. in^ as a rule, nearer to the towns where (iovernment lands an- already taken up. Improved farms can also be had by tho.si> willinir to p'ly fi)r ready cultivated lands with build- ings, fences, iVc, at moderate prices ; dependiuL:' of course on position, j)roximity tn market tnwn, i^:c. This district seems to me especially adapted lor settlement by tli(! j.'entlemen farmers of the old cue.ntry with lar>;e families, as «'veu if they buy their farms they can obtain the fee simple for about the sum they l>ay for one year's rent in many places at present, and lan carry on oiM'rations with ease with less tlian ball tii(> capital that is iu>cessary at home, and at the same lime secure liiiriier prices I'nr llii'ir jiroilnci^ than any par' cif tiie Mi.tlier (ountrx, all tliimrs ciinsidtM-cil. It is alsn ti> be borne in miiui that society in .\lberta is larjrely coinp;)sed of Ln^lish settlers brou>.'ht out chietly throuu'h the instrumentality of coljiiization companies wnrkiujr in connection with t!ie churches of i;n;_dand and Ireland, and that .settlers do not lose th(>ir soi'ial staudinu by their ehany;e of residence There is ample opportunity also ior the settlement of ehililren, and no occa«ion to cry out: Is marriai^e a i'ailure'.' or, What shall we do with uur sons and dau^diters " There is jdenty of sport, notably huntiuL' and llshin^', t" wile away leisure hours, jrood schooLs, railway, telejrraph and \rmtul fjwili jes. The dry and jileasant een about L'")0 marriaircs solemnized iu the District of Cal- gary alone since 1SS4. I .shall b" glad to correspond with intending settlers. Truly yours, "\V. LliKill Ibllt.NAlU), Calgary, Alberta, Canada. D.vviSBrmiii, Alberta, 20th November, 18S0. I came to Alberta in IS.s,'), from (Quebec, since then 1 have been engagi'd in mixed farming in tlu^ Higli Uivcr Oistrict. 1 may say that the live seasons 1 have been in this district 1 have not seen a failure either of oats, barley or wiieat, and as to root cro[)S of all kind.s, they grow U) perfection, i)()tatoes yielding as lugh as four hundred bushels to the acre and .seldom below one hundred and iifty ; oats yielding as high as ninety and seldom below forty. IIor.«es do remarkably well, linding their own living the year round and always keep fat, where dtjuiestic cattle re(iuire to be fed about six weeks on an average. For a dairying country T do not think Alberta can be excelled, owing to the unlimited supply of rich grasses, tine climate and excellent markets at homo, and in the mining and lumbering districts to the west. After giving Alberta livt^ years trial, 1 have no idea of leaving to seek for a better farming country, being satisfied it cannot be found. And for stock I am satislied that Alberta cannot be excelled. Yours truly, (ISigned), P.vrkeh McKknzik. Yon asked me for my impressions as to the adaptability of this part of Alberta for mixed farming. Having farmed for three years and bought the produce of farms for four years I am, as yon are aware, in a position to judge, and I, without hesitation, say that for mixed farming it is jieculiarly and admirably a() bushels bulk to the acre and weighing 40 lbs to the bushel, llarley and wheat have done ecpuvlly well. Spoakin<_' from personal ox])ericiKi', I may say tliat I 'lad a licUl of two rowed l)arlt'y this year that avengoil 4S hiishcis to the acn*, and the wheat went L'o to the acre. This, in the face of an unnsnally dry season, 80 dry that had it occurre and horses. Middle and iSoutiiern Alherta, as a grazing (ield, lias a world-wide reputation; its grasse;; are wonderfully nourishing. Witness a four-year-old heifer slaughtered by a ('al'_'ary butcher week." before Xmas that me.stie cattle tha: are not milked recjuire only a few weeks food on an average during winter. Water of the purest, and in unfailing (juautitics, is to be Inid. From the foot of tht; Rookies ami deep coolies, spring inninnerable cn'eks, that wind their way through rich pastures for many nnlcs before emptying into the l>ow, that prince of mountain .streams. Springs are to be mi't frequently, and in some jilaces are .so numerous as to b(^ consiclcre' i nuisance. On the stt liou on which 1 live there iire three living springs, one on each quarter section. These I consider the chief retpiisites for mixed farndng: A good farm with average crops ; plenty of nourishing gras.ses, jirime water and plenty of it; a long, oikmi season (ten months at the very least) ; no Hies to molest cattle or horses in summer. These reipiisites we have here in Alberta, and, what is more, we have plenty of room for all here and thousands more. Yours truly, (Signed), James Banxeum.w. EoMoNToN, Alb^Tlii, November 12th, 189'j, I have been farming in the Kdmontor. District for the [)astseveii years, and have, (hiring that time. succee <•(» bushels jier acre ; oats from .')(» to (10 bushels jwr acre, and potat(»es .">o() btiMhelw jht a-re. I had .seven hundnvl caobage plants this year, and L'lx* i«-ads weighed ir» lbs each, and the br.lance weighed 56 from 10 to 12 lbs each. I consider the district well ada]'.ted for mixed farming and dairying, &v. Cattle and horses, pijjs ai i sheep do welL Any practical man with a capital of from $500 (£10C) upwards, who is willing to work, has every chance of succeeding hci-e if he engagec in mixed farming. This year I have been making cheese from the milk of livv» cows, and have sold what I made at 22 cents per lb., a])ont lid. When 1 established here I had no capital other than health, ix;rsever- ani;e and industry. I like the country and climate and have succeeded here. Huon JIcKav. lit ■ I ft. iii n PixE Ckioek, Alberta. I came to Alberta in 188.3, and scuttled shortly aftiTWiinls on Pino Creek, whore I have IxxMi farming .since. 1 have now about 4'y acres under cultivation, and have succeeded in growing gtxxl iTops. This year 1 hail -12 acres of oats, which yielded 'y2 l>!;.sliels per acre, weighing 51 lbs i>er bushel 1 had one acre of Tlye wheat wliich yielded lU bushels and 1(» ll>s. of splendid grain, and one acre of barley which yielded oO busheLs. My ])otat()es and root crojjs were as good as I ever raised, and I have been farming all niy life. The country is \\i>ll adapted f,,r dairy fanning; and, any fanner coming here witii a little capital to start with, has l)etter diancvs of succeeding than in any otiier country I know of. DrNCAN J. McAimicE. MiAXAPOUE (near Calgary), Alberta, .lanuary 20, 1888. Deau Sir, — In .June, 18815, I arrived ^ith my family on the banks of the Bow Kiver, near Calgary, after obtaining all the inforniation at band I located on Fish Creek eight miles south of Calgary and have never since regretted the ventun>, as I think it would l>e dillicult to find a country that will beat the Province of Alberta, with its splendid soil and most enjoyable climate. The soil of this Province is first-class, witli but few exceptions. It is composed of from 12 to 18 inches of black loam, and in some places sandy, and other i)lacc8 clayey sub-soil with a (puintity of lime, and is most admirably adapted for growing wheat. I have grown a few acres of wheat every year. Ited Fyfe has been the kind selected, and every year, except this last, have raised about 26 !! B«=: Ol bushels to tlie acre of No. 1 hard wlieat. Of wheat, liowover, up to t)ie present, a very small quantity has been grown in tliis country because there is no " jrrist-inill " in this vicinity, but once such a mill is estab- lished it would not lack wheat to grind. Oats are the main croj). These yield from ."iO to (iO bushels to the acre, weijrhinj.' from :»lt to 40 lbs. and upwards to the bushel. Barley averages 40 bushels to the acre, which is, as a rule, fed to pigs, as until beer and li(|uors are allowed to be manufactured in the Territories there is little demand for it for any otiier purpose. The crops of vegetables are most luxuriant. The average yield of potatoes, on the roughly cultivated soil, is 250 bushels to the acre, but on ground manured and prejiared I think I can safely say it is nearer 400 bushels of large potatoes, averaging over 1 lb. each (many from two pounds and upwards). Turnii)S, beets, carrots, and cabbages! I am almost afraid to say the quantity for fear of its being considered an exaggeration; but this I may say, that it would be aliuo.«t inip()HS'il)le for the ground to contain more, and all splendid as regards siz(!. Ouions of good size I have failed to raise, but, as my neighbors all around me have managed to succeed with them, I suppose it nuist be my fault, not that cf the soil. The grasses here are lirst-dass for cattle ; during an average winter the cattle find their own living. With no stabling or food other tlian wi)at they i)ro('ured for themselves, our horses and cattle jiassed through the winters cf 188;>-S4-8r), and came out fat in the sjjring. The winters of ISSo-SO wo had .stables and hay for horses, but the cattle had to shift for themselves, and still with go xl results. It was only last Avinter, 1880-87, that on account of the depth of snow we were conqjellcd to feed the cattle during the months of .January and February. I mentit)n these facts to show what can be dnne, for we have not lost from cold or jjrivation a single animal since we have been here, not disputing for one moment that the stock would thrive much better if properly housed and fed. The winters here are short. Fifty, forty and sixty days resi)ectively have been the length of the past four winters, and tiiese not con.secutive days, and to this I attribute greatly the ability of the aninud to with- stand the cold. For instance, we may have a fortnight to tliree weeks of very cold weather, thermometer fr(»ni 10 to :!0 below zero during tiie nigiits, and from 10 below to 10 above zero during the days, whicii are mostly bright, sunshiny ones, but this cold weather will be followed by a similar period of warm, spring-like weather, freezing hard at nights, probably 10 to 25 below zero, but ranging in the day time from IJo to 50 above zero. Cattle thus have a chance of recovering any ill effects of the previous cold weather and getting ready to encounter the next sjxjU of cold. Of these 8j)ells there are two or three, and the winter is over. i 58 m 1 1 1 M Tli(! grdiiiid i'rcuizi'S up, as ti riiK", tlio iniildln of NovomluT (ono year we wont i)lciiij.'liiii^,' up ti> tlm l.'ltli l>t; oinliur), ami j)l(iii;j;liing can Ito coinmcMUMid almiittln! lirHt cr sccdiul wt'i'k < if March. It is (juito ox- ccptioiiiil r(r it III lie after Marcli .'list. Tliis enalilcs ns to irct our crops iu in piiil tiinc to >,'ain the bont'lits of the rainy .season, which is May and luiic. Thti ( hinatt! is dry and liraciu'j: ; sun nearly always shining, the sky beating the Italian sky in its deep hhie tints. 1 havo been caught in a heavy thinider shower in June, at noon, and clothes ami hoots saturated, and heforo 1 have reachod homo at 3 that afternoon everything has been dry as a bone. The nights even in niidsnninier are always cool, about iW and 40 degrees, w hich is most refreshing after the hot summer days, but prevent us growing such crops as Indian corn or hops, or any other crops rc^(piiring warm nights, incumbers, melons and toniatm's ripen occasionally a."* in England, and I tiiink that most thinirs that are successf>dly rai.sed in Kngland can be raised here. I'ruit, such as currants, gooseberri((S, cherries, strawberries, grow wild in abundance. Apples, pears, jilums, are being tried, an than tho.s'j of tlu^ United States. Even if tlu^ regulations were fulhlled t:» the letter they are easy ; but if the Uovernment see that the man is a ftoiK/ //(/( settler, our clilltlren edncatod froe of any additional cost oxivpt books. The Cai\adian pu.stal facilities are very jht cent, in linst class free- liold security. On ordinary mercantile ventures, such as in England would give from "» i)er cent, to 8 i)er cent., ho can obtain fnjm 10 {Kjr cent t<> 15 per rent, and with no more risk. A workingman willing to put his hand to anything can always obtain good wages, varying from £.") to £7 jK^r month, with board, in stnnmer; from £o to £'i, with board, i)er month during the two or three wintt>r months. The arti.^an who, in the oM country, is out of work, can obtain none in any other branch, whereas here, if industriously inclined to turn his hand to anything, can always o' cain work. A working woman probably as nnich, with the pro])ability that before she has been here many months she will be a working wife, as there are very many i)oor, lono men living on their farms all alone, only waiting for a woman to present herself. Oidy the idler need stay away; he is looked down upon, and is not wanted. It is only the man who works, whether with his hand or his brain, who is resi)ected her(\ The man who (H)mes out here with the detennination of working is bound to succeed ; but the most wanted is the fanner who, with such a splendid soil and clinuite, and the high prices commanded for his produce, i^annot fail to realize very handsome pmlits, and in the course of a few years is in an indeptnident position, I was a meri'hant for twenty years in the old country, in a fairly suc- cessful way of busine.s.s. I came out here because I thought T shotdd like the life fn«e from the trammels of modern society and the worries and anxiety connected with the lifo of an ordinary English merchant, and 1 have not been disappointed. There ure no unnecossary apiwuranccs to bo kopt up, and it is not necessary to sjKjnd large sums in outside show ft)r no other rtnison tlian to maintain a supposed reHi)ectability. Here a man after investing ills capital need not tax his brains unduly. Ho buys cattle or ecjuips his farm, using ordinary intelligonre and work- ing hard manually. When he comes home of an evening his work is done for the day , he has almost as jwrfert health as is possible to nian; he has an appetite for his food ; he lias no worry or anxiety on his mind, and wlien he goes to bod ho does so with the full assurance of a good night's rojHise, and not kept awake half the night by thinking over tiie possil)iliti('s of the morrow, as I know to be tlio case with the majority of business men in the old country. I remain. Yours faitnfully, S. W. Sn.vw. Pine Cbbbk (Near Calgary), 11th January, 18SS. Sir, — I oame to Alberta from the Western States in IMS:!, and located on Pino Creek, about l:> miles soutli of Calgary. Tlie li.llowing spring I took up land d began mixed farming and stock raiding, with a very small capital. ■ have now 5(1(1 at'res of land nearly fenced witii wire, and have a comfortalilo home and outbuildings. I irop al)out :>(> acres of my farm. I have now 80 head ol" cattle. With my exjierience I would say that tiiis part of tlie country is ^\ell adapted for mixed farming, cheese and butter-making. 1 milk twenty (20) cows, uiul sold during tho season of 1SS7, two thou- .sand live hundred (2,.)0(i) pounds of butter. The wliole sold readily in Calgary for tliirty-livo {'.'>')) cents (Is. 5Ad.) i)er jwund, having kept sudi- cient for family use, wliich was equal to tho milk of two cows. I believe any energetic man would do well here; but, of course, tiiose who have some practical (experience succeed best As to the amount of capital necessary to start with, I think a great deal depends on the man ; l)ut five hundred ($500) dollars (£100) ought to give a jK'rson a fair start now, considering tlie i)ri(cs of everytiiing the settler has to buy are much lower now than they were a few years since. I had very little more than the above amount when I started, and I had to support a large family of young children. My oldest boy is I'J years old now, and I have 5 others. I may add they have enjoyed splendid health since we came to Alberta. During the time I have been here T have grown good crops of wheat, oats, barloj , peas, flax, which latter I intend in future growing larger crops of, as we can get six cents per pound for it in Calgary, besides ,^'» value on the farm as food for calves. Ul I hiivft also evory your srrnwn potatfx's, caltbiv^'o, rminns, turiiips, boets, L'arnita, and nearly ovcry kind nf vegetal dcs and rootH, and have (with tlio exception of last year) had yood eropH, The natural j^raaces inako the very hest fuilder and hay. I don't feed tny Mtni'k more than two months any winter, excepting' milch eows and ealveH. I have fanned here for four yiars and in that time I Inive suffered onee from summer fruHts, and that was last sea Hon ; hut wliilst .some of us settlers, in various i)arts of tiio country, had the nu.sfortune ti lose our crops, our nei^hhors close hesido tia, grew crops that wouhl delijrht uny farnuT. Wo have a splendid country and room for thousands of practical farmers. <'heai> laud in a fruitful lountry moans wealth to the in- and having died in England in LS84), and 1 arrived in Calgary from the old c»»untry with my family (»f nine children at the <'iid of August, 1S,S4. On the first of Septend)er, 1884, I settled on my present location of 320 acres (1(»0 acres homestead and KiO acres [)re-emption.) Tiie land is rolling .s'H, rich black loam ^the garden soil of England), varying in depth from six inches to two feet, with clay suhsoil; I'ine Creek running through the location; large bush a mile and a half away ; the grasses of great variety, long and luxuriant, and from early spring till late autumn the hills and valleys are covered Mith Howers — some being very beautiful. I have gone in for mixed farming, but have paid most attention to my cattle, for in them I consider lies my wealtli. I have o.') head of stock now, 2() of which are calves, yearlings and tW(K-year-olils tiiat 1 have raised myself. My only hjsses have been two calves and a young cow; the latter drowned itself by l>reaking through the ice on lied Deer Fiako last winter. The routine in the life of the cattle in ti»e summer is; — The cows are milked in tiie morning, and some time after all the cattle leave the farm- yard and wander up the valley to feed; they are brought back in the evening, the ws again milked, and all the cattle, as a rule, stay around the farmyard until after they are milked the next morinng. In the winter they go away in the morning to feed and are brought home at night On windy and very cold days they are fed a little hay morning and night, '-^ist winter, which, as you know, was very trying for < attle 6S in cnnHoqiiom'o of tlio fuld winds and iU liMi;:tli, I ft»(l nltKut ono ton of hay ]ier licad, and tlioy woro all in .yjilcndid rduditinn in tlu' Hprin^. Till" cows wt-rncalvinyr all tiuMvintt^r, und lo calvt's woro Ixirn lu'tweon till' months of Novcnilicr ai;d Vobniary. Tlio only fliii'ltcr tin' tattlf had was an oiton Flii'd 40 feet luiij;, and tluf sido ea vine vetches, weeds and roots that thi'y iind. They do not, however, at present i)ay to keej) during.' the winter when they have to Ik* fed, in consequence of the prices that can be obtained in Caljrary for jzrain and roots. I had i;0 acres under crop last summer, 10 acres of which wore oats, four barley and the rest rt)ot8 and jj;arden stulfs. The oats beinjic <>'i freshly ])roken land, I was unable to sow them until the middle of May. They, however, thoroughly ri])ened and I had a goo<'- croj). The barley was an excellent eroj) and ripened by tho middle of August. I planted field tnrnijiH an jK'rmit of refreshing sleep. I have been here three winters; two have been very delightful, in those of 1SS4 and 1S8."); the greater part of the time there was not suffi- cient snow for sleighing. Last winter there were long 8|)ells of cold with prevailing winds, and was altogether very long and severe. Vp to the pre.sentthis winter the w(Mither has been as iKjrfect as one could desire. The winters generally set in about the lirst of January, and last, with intermittent spells of warm weather, to the end of March, the cold days 1]cijig lnvarial)Iy hri^lit iiml clMNriiij.'. I um jit^rfoctly Hatisfleil with the cMiuiitry ; un old fountry ami always lived in towns), I cannot \>v too tliankfid for tlio iii^rldy Hiu'ccHsful roHnlts, wliidi, I do not tiiink, iduld bn beaten any- w I lere. It is iuird work for tlio first twoor three years, bnt when one i^'ets their luiildin^rs up and ftuicing done, to make a I'oinfortalile living' and put by at tlio same time, tmo need not work nearly so liard as tlie Knjrlisli Working farmer. I shotdd eertaiidy tiiink tiiere is no belter lield tliaii tliis for the sirudl English farmer witii at least $1(KK) capital. He, witli his wife and family; Ixunij; used to tia^ work, could, T lirndy believe, ill tliu course of live or six years, attain in'rfoct indi'|K3ndenro. With us, who have to learn everything, of course, it takes longer, hut witii energy and iK>rseverance there is success for everyone. 1 iiopo 1 have not made my letter too long, but I have wanted to show liow I have succeeded without a iuisband at tlie head of my family, and 1 am sure that where he is left to work, counsel and giude, the results rill lit far greater. Yours oluMlientlv, E. M. lIlDSON. A WELL WATf:UED llAXGE. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) A / II 10 i/.. 1.0 I.I IriM IIM t 1^ 12.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -* 6" ► W^'w '/ Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 ■^ V \^ rv o^ u Sf o^ k 4 v^ cy •■>■ r->ff' r)r/ \ i\ tst-r'-^-'" _^„,«-»^-' / r-. fc ,:;^', "'•^;- ^^ 2Ci I I' Mi %. .:' Cf'^ 1 M ^' . ' X.--,- - ^ fA.-\- H7 ';:A^. airts-- »j. - -r -.' Xi 1 Sil 31 i - .ifi ANIT0BA THE Lines ^ Land GRANT Thee — =iiSEr. - souri Coteau N\irr .^7y?^^CAi , .!■'•■■•("« r;;"jr; -7,1 "BWlrifl^? kP"*' !0 .'.-^ [ SS 1-: r I ! iJ w ¥ ■ 'v: i^f^-.r ".•""(■■•'J-'"^''''^' r" -i-. g i',. .d ,4^ INION LANDS REGULATIONS. ••- HOMESTEAD REGULATIONS. AU et^fhumbered sections excepting 8 and 26 are open for homestead entry. ; ENTRY. Entry may be made personally at the local land office in which the land to be taken i^, situate, or, if the homesteader desires, he may, on application to the Minister of the Interior, Ottawa, or the Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Wirmipeg, receive authority for some one near the local office' to make the enlry for him. DUTIES. : . . ' ; ; Under the ptesent law, homestead dut 1 may be performed in three ways : ^ ; ; i, Th^ years' cultivation and residence, during which period the settler may iiot be absent for more than six months in any one year without forfeiting the^t^; 2. lUMidence for three years within two miles of .he homestead qukrter s^cllon; ?uwi afterwards next prior to application for patent residing for three montht iti aisyibitable.house erected upon it. Ten acres must be broken the first jNSar after4i|(V)r.,ci5 acres additional in the second, and 15 acres in the third year; XiC|) acres ;to be in crop the second year, and 25 acres the third year. 3. A settler may reside anywhere for the first two years, in the first year breaking. ^5 ^^c^es, in the second year cropping said 5 acres, and breaking * aiidditional lo acres, also building a habitable house. The entry is forfeited if rttidence is not commenced at the expiration of two years from date of entry. There^Efer the settler must reside upon and cultivate his homestead for at Iteapt 1^ months in each year for three years. . APPLICATION FOR PATENT aiay be made before the local agent, any homestead inspector, or the intelligence Q^ser at Moosomin or Qu'Appelle station. Six months* notice must pe given in writing to the Commissioner of Dominion Lands hy a settler of Ids intentio.i, prior to making application for patent. ^ Intelligence Offices are situate at Winnipeg and Qu'Appelle station. Newly arrived immigrants will receive at any of these offices information as to the lands that are open for entry, and from the officers in charge, free of expense, advice and assistance in securing lands to suit them. All communications having reference to lands under control of the Dominion Government, lying between the eastern boundary of Manitoba and the Pacific Coast, should be addressed to Ibe Seentazy of tbe Deportment of the Interior, Ottawa, w the Ctommiwioner