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Regalations for the Sale of Lands of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. REDUCED PRICES. The Company have decided to make a general reduction in the price of all lands listed at U per acre and upwards, excepting only such as are particularly valuable owing to their proximity to Stations, or to other special causes. This reduction will, in most cases, range from 25 to 33 per cent. DETAILED PRICES OF LANDS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE LAND C0MMISS30NER AT WINNIPEG. (These Regulations are substituted for and cancel those hitherto in forced TERMS OF PAYMENT. If paid in full at time of purchase a Deed of Conveyance of the land will he given ; but the purchaser may pay one-tenth in cash, and the balance in jiay- ments spread over nine years, with interest at six per cent, per annum, payable at the end of the year with each instalment. GENERAL CONDITIONS. All sales are subject to th0 foUowing general conditions : — 1. All improvements placed upon lands to be maintained until final pay- ment. 2. All taxes and assessments lawfully imposed upon' the land or improvements to be paid by the purchaser. 3. The Company reserves from sale, under these regulations, all mineral and coal lands , and!^ land containing timber in quantities, stone, slate and marble quarries, lands with water power thereon, and tracts for town sites and railway purposes 4. Mineral, coal and timber lands and quarries, and lands controlling water power, will be disposed of on very moderate terms to persons giving satisfactory evidence of their intention and ability to utilize the same. The Canadian Government contemplates granting bonuses to 'Bona Fide settlers from Europe, on lan^^s in the Province of Manitoba and "Western Terri- tories of Canada and British Columbiaj and it is recommended that Booking Agents be asked for particulars in regard to this matter. Liberal rates for settlers and their effects will be granted by the Company over its Railway. For further particulars apply to L. A. HAMILTON, Land Commissioner, Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Winnipeg. SOUTHERN MANITOBA LANDS. Forthosedesirousof purchasing, the LAND GRANT of the MANITOBA SOUTH-WESTERN COLONIZATION RAIL WAY. recently placed on the marke*. offers special attractions. It consists of over 1,000,000 acres of the choicest land in America, -weU adapted for grain growing and mixed farming, in a helt 2i miles wide, immediately north of the International Boundary, and from Range 13 westward. That portion of this ^rant lying between Range 13 and the western limit of Manitol>a is well settled, the homesteads havmg been long taken up. Purchasers will at once have all tiie advantages or this early settlement, such as schools, churches and municipal organization. The fertility of .,he soil has been'amply demonstrated by the splendid crops that have been raised from yenr ,, sp „ _ ^ , suitable for building purposes is manufactured at Desford, Deloraine and Wakopa, and may he pur- chased at reasonable prices, At the two latter points grist mills are also in operation. The terms of purchase of the Manitoba, South- Western Colonization Kail- way Company are the same as those of the Canadian Pacific Bailway Company. Sf [J Ll n X^M'O'^li^j '^^Mff 5any. )f all rrh ly IS IP£C. Ilbe alile »ay- nts an [J ^ •ble ^> V iter \ My ide •ri- ng ny /^ WW ^Sl ' I ■ I I I ^ I ' * ^il V \l L£__^Ul£.^s^Z_ *-L I Cs rill I E^vvw.^ I 1^ ■«i_L!Ali£iJ4*J • (9<& rr- T T~ D. i , ^ 100 07 MAP OF PART OF MANIT' AND THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES| Alb€rta, AssiO'iboia aod SaSkatcbcv/ai) SHEWINO BYSTBM OF LAND 8UIIVEY AND THE LIHB* OF THE Canadian Pacific Railway Company 8d 68 %:,::^ 52 61 miisasss^=ieaar//^-f^!s\wi\\--^^^^ .':^;^.^3S»aNN^- HOWTO'' Regnlations ftr flie Se mm Oil Tho Company hav:*;"F"f ^T lands listed at $4 per ac i %. \ - V valualde owing to thei ' T \i^;r»">t^ reduction will, in most 4. ^T OETAIIEO PRICES OF UNOI * j- f , . If paid in full at til Rivon ; but the purcha ments a})rcad over nine at tlie end of the year y ail tti All sales axe subjec 1. All improvemen ment. 2. All taxes and ase *otopaidbythepurchi 8. liie Company ret coal lands , and land c quarries, lands with wa purposes 4. Mineral, coal anc r power, will be disposed \ evidence of tlieir intenti The Canadian Gov settlers from Europe, 01 tories of Canada and I Agents be asked for pa Liberal rates for se over its Railway. ^or further L 'i-^'r^-i""\ f- M' SOUTH of over l,ooo,0(JO o^rea of the i r farming:, in a belt 21 mUM wH ' 13 westward. That poEtfctu «p is well settled, tlie homwtoadi: a^lvantages of this ea^"^^ fertility of the soil haTfeen'tan to year in that district l%e« are Rock Lake, Felicia LiUce suitable for building- ptttcaBea i chased at reasonabfe jw^T^j The terms of pmh^ way Company are^esa .C ,LJ-)i-^ X'' -S-- r-l" 4r?v4-- '^m WESTERN CANADA . . INCLUDING . . . MANITOBA, ^ ASSINIBOIA, ^ ALBERTA anp SASKATCHEWAN mm V. t^^^i '- 1 How to Get There- How to Select Land. How to Begin. How to Make Money. u THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS PAMPHLET ARE REPRODUCTIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. . o m ■J* ii 55 5 J WESTERN CANADA INCLUDING MANITOBA . ASSINIBOIA, ALBERTA ^^ SASKATCHEWAN TJi,e Couutrij io Settle in. THOSE who honestly doubted, and tliose who wished the pnhlic to disbelieve, the reports concernini;' tlie fertility of the Cana- dian North-West have ceased to bo heard ; the lirst have been converted into warm advocates of tlie count'.y's merits, the others are silent for very shame sake, and because no one will now believe them. The superior quality of the wheat and other cereals j?rown upon these lands and the greater yield per acre, when compared witli any other portions of the continent, is now universally acknowled,u-e(l, and, while the crops obtained are greater, the amount of labor reqiiired to produce them, OAving- to the nature of the soil is less than in any other country. The climate and natural pasturage are both highly favorable to stock-raising, and as a result no finer cattle are to-day shipped across the Atlantic to the English .riarket, than those which have matured upon the plains of Manitoba and the North- West territories. It is no longer a question whether it is a ^ood thing to go to the Canadian North- West, but simply in what part of that great country it will be best to make a home. The following extract is from nn article published in August. 1891, in the New York Sun, one of the principal papers of America, and a journal that does not often say complimentary things of Canada : A Laiul of JVheat. '"pHE Pacific express on the Canadian Pacific Railroad went west * one day recently in four sections with 1,500 harvest hands on board, all bound for the great grain fields of Manitoba. A slight tinge of yellow is stealing over the sea of waving green, and in a fortnight thousands of reapers will make music the livelong day as they are urged through the almost illimitable fields. We have great blessings on this side of our favoured continent, and can cheerfully yield the palm in grain culture to the great belt midway between our coasts which for ages was fitted bj'" the slow processes of nature to give bread to the world. It is almost inconceivable to those who ^ travel for days over the plains between Winnipeg and the Rocky Mountains that here the giants of the forest once reared their lofty heads, shielding vvrith their dense foliage the earth that is now exposed to the full blaze of the summer sun. The lake deposits, the forest growths, were among the elements that helped produce the almost inexhaustible wheat-bearing soil of Manitoba ; and to-day her farriers are happy in the prospect of the greatest harvest thej- ever reaped. It is believed that the wheat of Manitoba will average forty bushels to the acre. Many farmers say that it will average forty-five bushels. Men who have seen many seasons of Minnesota wheat-raising said in Manitoba last week that they had never looked upon such wheat fields before. Those great fields stretching for scores of miles around Brandon, Portage la Prairie and Deloraine are worth crossing the continent to see. The waving expanse of dark- green verdure is most pleasing to the eye. The stalks stand as thick as they can grow, are unusually high, and the ears are proportion- ately long and well filled with the plumpest of grain. Our own wheat-growers will be glad that their Manitoba brethren are fully to share the blessings of this bounteous year. The Sun goes on to say, that tourists fresh from the plains of the North-West smile as they gaze on the fields of stunted grain in the Eastern States, but that many eastern farm hands will share the blessings that the west is bringing, and instances the fact that one labour agency in W Isnipeg has had demands for 4,800 harvest hands, at wages of from $30 to $40 (£6 to £8) a month and board. How to Reach the West. COLONISTS from Europe, having arrived in Canada, are able to travel to new homes in Ontario, Manitoba, the North-West, or British Columbia in nearly as great comfort as first-class passengers. The cars devoted to the use of colonists are taken upon the same fast trains with the first-class cars. They are convertible into sleep- ing cars at night, having upper and lower berths constructed on the same principle as those of the first-class sleeping cars, and equally comfortable as to ventilation, etc. They are taken through, without change, all the wayfroTn Montreal to Manitoba. No other railway in America can do this. No extra charge is made for the sleeping accommodation. Second-class passengers, however, must provide th^ own bedding. If they do not bring it with them, a complete oumt of matrass, pillow, blanket and curtains will be supplied by the agent of the Company at the point of starting, at a cost of $2. 50— -ten shillings. ^ The curtains may be hung around a berth, turning it into a little private room. In addition to this, men travelling alone are cut off from families by a partition across the car near the middle ; and smoking is not permitted in that part of the car where the women and children are. At short intervals, the train stops tit stations where meals are served in refreshment rooms, and where hot coffee and tea, and well- 5 cooked food may be bought at very reasonable prices. The cars are not allowed to become over-crowded, and the safety and welfare of colonists or second-class passengers ai-e carefully attended to. The baggage arrangements are the same as for first-class passengers, and every possible care is taken that the colonist does not go astray, lose his property or suffer imposition. "Where a large number of colonists are going to the west together, special fast trains of colonist sleeping cars are dispatched. No other railway in America offers such good accommodation to second-class, or colonist passengers, as does the Canadian Pacific. The train is met upon its arrival at Winnipeg by the agents of the Government and of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, who take charge of colonists and give them all the assistance and advice they require in regard to their new home. In cases where they have already fixed upon some locality for settlement, where friends are awaiting them, they are shown how to proceed directly to that point. If they have not decided upon such a locality, but intend to seek a home somewhere further west, every informatio'n can be obtained at the Land Ofiice in Winnipeg. Most men wish to examine for themselves the section which seems to them most suitable, and this is strongly recommended in every case. They are assisted in doing this by omcials appointed by the Grovernment for the purpose. Only a very few days need elapse between the arrival of an immigranu in Winnipeg ftnd his settlement upon the land of his choice. Meanwhile, his family and baggage can remain at the immigrant house in safety and comfort. Providing themselves with food in the city markets, they can cook their own meals upon the stoves in the house ; and, with the bedding which has served them during their journey, they can sleep in comfort in the bunk-bedsteads with which the rooms are fitted. Should they prefer, however, to stop at an hotel, they will find in Winnipeg public houses of all grades, where the total cost for each person varies from $1 (4s.) to $3 (12s.) a day, accord- ing to circumstances. It sometimes happens that the immigrant has not much more than sufficient money to carry him as far as Winnipeg. In that case he will be anxious to begin immediately to earn some money. The Dominion Government has an agency in Winnipeg^ whose business it is to be informed where labour is needed. Societies representing almost all the nationalities of Europe have been formed in W innipeg, and will welcome and see to the welfare of theii' respective country- men. The arrival of a party of immigrants is always announced in advance, so that contractors who are employing men in building, railway construction, or in some other work in the city of Winnipeg or neighbourhood, may take as many of the newcomers as choose to go to work with them. Farmers are generally on the lookout for able men and pary good wages. The average wages paid are $20 (£5) per month and board. The girls of a family can always find employ- ment in Winnipeg and other towns. Capital Required, THE question "How much is necessary?" Is a difiicult one to answer. It depends upon circumstances. Very many men have gone into the North- West without any capital and have prospe»ed. 36 o s « PS OS CJ OJ start oasior and savos \-alual)lo 1)0 (loiio upon a certaiu capital. o 2: o M H X 3 o to i« cu H A little capital, however, makes tlio time. Some statements of what tan say 500 dollars (£100) or l.onO dollars (£200) or H.ooo dollars (0)00) majr, nevertheless be advantaueous. This information has been given l)y many writers, in tables of various kinds and for various localities ; but all amount to about the same conclusion, namely : That 500 dollars (£100) will set a man down upon some western quarter-section, eitlier a free homestead or one chosen amonjj the cheaper lands belonging to the Railway Company, and enable him to build a house and stay there until his farm becomes productive iind self-supporting. With this capital, however, the purchase of land is not usually advisable if a suitable free grant can be obtained. In this connection a practical farmer of some years residence in Manitoba speaks as follows : "Land can be purchased dieaply here, or it can be had for nothing by homesteading. A single man can start on an outlay' of SJJS"), made up as follows : One yoke of oxen and harness, $115 ; plow, barrow, etc., $40; stove and kitchen furnishings, StO; bedding, etc., S20; lumber, doors, windows, etc., for log house, SoO ; provisions, §90; seed, $30. A farmer with a family of five would have to lay out $240 more, bringing his outlay up to $025. A farmer can come in about the middle of March, select his land and build his shanty ; he can commence to plough about the fifth of April ; he can break ten acres and put it under crop on the sod ; he can continue breaking for two montlis after ho ])uts the ten aci-es under crop, and can break thirty acres, and backset the forty acres in the fall ready for crop in the spring He can raise enough on the ten acres to give him a start ; he can cut hay enough for his oxen and a cow in July, and it will cost him about $60 additional to seed the forty acres in the sj^ring. Suppose he puts in 30 acres of wheat, and raises only 25 bushels to the acre, at 80 cents per bushel, it will be worth S<)0() ; say 5 acres of oats at 40 bushels per acre at 35 cents per bushel, $70 ; say 1 acre of potatoes, 200 bushels, at 40 cents, .$80 ; 3 acres of barley, 40 bushels per acre, wortli 40 cents, $18 ; and 1 acre of garden stuif at $120 ; total $918. After deducting expenses of harvesting and the whole original outlay the farmer will still have something to the good to start with next year." It must not be forgotten, however, that hundreds have arrived in Winnipeg without any money, and by first working on wages have prospered and become substantial farmers. % f 8 M MANITOBA General Information concerning that Province. ANITOBA is naturally divided into four general districts : (1) the valley of the Red River, (2) the southern portion drained by the Souris and Pembina Rivers and including the Souris Plain, (3) the valley of the Assiniboine and Little Saskatchewan Rivers, or western middle portion traversed by the main line of the Canadian Pacific, and (4) the low, marshy district surrounding Lakes Manitoba and "Winnipeg, and timber lands of the northern part of the Province. The Red River Valley. THE fertility of this district is too well known to require descrip- tion. Actual farming was until recently confined chiefly to the lands along the banks of the Assiniboine and led River, but is now extending over the province except in certain localities better adapted for cattle. These exceptional places owe their chief value to the nutritious native grasses, which furnish at once most valuable pasturage and an unlimited quantity of choice hay to supply the City of Winnipeg and adjacent towns, and surrounding farms. But the richness of the soil has latterly been attracting the attention of in-coming farmers anxious to locate near an important centre like Winnipeg, and as a result neat farm buildings are dotted all over what was only a short time ago an unbroken meadow. Southern Jlianitoba. THIS district is penetrated by two railways. The Manitoba South- western runs from Winnipeg up the Assiniboine Valley, through several towns or villages, into the Souris district and the coal fields. The Pembina Mountain branch, after crossing the Assiniboine, diverges at Rosenfeld from the railway constructed from Winnipeg to Morris, and runs westward through the Pembina Valley towards the boundary of the province. Excepting the wooded hills and hol- lows of the broken and picturesque plateau called the Pembina Mountain, through which the river has cut a deep and winding- ravine which the railway crosses, and some other limited spots, the whole of this vast region is undulating prairie covered with luxurious grass. There are many living streams, and in the southern part several large lakes ; one of which. Pelican, is the largest of a chain of half-a-dozen or more strung together. This lake is thirteen miles long, and bordered by steep and lofty cliffs, which are densely wooded, and the resort of deer and game birds, while the water abounds in fine fish and flocks of wild fowl. These lakes are bordered bv a line of elevations called the Tiger Hills, which furnish wood in abundance and attract countless flocks of geese, swan, crane, wild duck, etc , etc. 'Many lesser lakes dot the landscape. In many spots, dry during all the summer months, moisture enough gathers to pro- mote a plentiful growth of forage, so that the sowing of hay or other fodder is never thought of. Two tons of this wild hay per acre is not. an unusual amount to cut. The Souris Valley is well occupied, and good roads traverse the country in every direction ; though, for that matter, one can drive across the prairie anyw^here. Along tlio lower Souris are many villages, where a post office, stores, olacksniith shop, school and church, form the centre of a farming community. The climate of this part, which has been appropriately called " the garden of Manitoba," is not greatly different from that of the west, except that its southerly latitude gives an advantage in respect to earlier springs and later autumns. Government lands in this part of Manitoba are almost all taken, but much desirable land remains to be bought from the Railway Com- pany at very moderate rates. Improved property can be bought near the railway at from $5 to $15 (£1 to £3) an acre. The soil is deep and of almost inexhaustible richness. Wells strike excellent water at a moderate depth. Every crop belonging to western Canada or the northern United States can be grown there to advantage, while for wheat, of course, it is equalled only by other parts of the Canadian west. On the Pembina Mountain Branch Railway is a long line of flourishing villages — Morden, Manitou, Pilot Mound, Cartwright, Killarney (by the picturesque lake of that name), Boissevain and Deloraine, with lesser intermediate stations. Morden has a population of over 1,000. Manitou is the next important village and has some thirty stores, shops, implement agencies, etc. , and two elevators and a flour mill. Pilot Mound, Killarney, Boissevain and Deloraine are flourishing centres. The last two are the shipping and supplying points for Turtle Mountain, the vicinity of Whitewater and Pelican Lakes, and the upper Souris Valley. To form an unbiassed opinion concerning the country, a party of some 200 representative farmers from eastern Canada, went to Winni- peg, and thence scattered through the country on tours of inspection. About seventy went into southern Monitoba, to Deloraine and oack. On the return of the party, many of the principal members gave their opinion of what they had seen in the following brief way ; — A. T. Barnett, Guelpli, Ont.— " The country is certainly better than I antici- pated ; and I find the farmers have made greater advancement than they could po8- BiDly have done in a country like Ontario, in the same length of time." Henrt Jarvis, Brantford, Ont.— "The cbuntry far surpassed my most sanguine expectations ; I have seen nothing, so far, in the natural features objectionable. As to roots, and I may say crops in general, I never saw their equal." David Lambkin, Brantford, Ont.— "It is the best district he has ever seen. In fact," he says, " I do not think one could find a finer country. The produce I have seen on this trip could not be beaten." David NiCHOL, Farquhar, Ont — " I like the appearance of the country very much ; and am of the opinion that the settler has good chances of success. " John Lambkin, Brantford, Ont.—" Look at those stacks of grain ; we have noth- ing to touch them in Ontario. " Thomas Prier, Exeter, Ont.—" Any man who has fair health and is at all indus- trious, is pretty sure to make a success. I think the soil the blackest and richest I have ever seen." Thomas Shaw, Gainesville, Ont.—"' My impressions are very favorable ; and do not think I could speak too highly of the country. The improvement since I last visited the province, seven years ago, is wonderful." I'm^ 14 18 -''. / /'Boiitbe :^5 icaart^ g t Cif kai oo; i V 4 bundurnl^ lanlcy -*»;-* 4p J'tbot 114 0S« X \ letaun^ Xuffalsi. veu IPINE I NT B BKAtt? J oTaI 107 B O U 106 N dT Z^e £;5'A)cftM^ Smn ^JoWfiT' MOOSE [/.ff.iiitujii:/ B Y ,^^«sgR 82 3 106 104 108 Alberta, Assioiboia at)6 SaSkatcbcwao •HEWINO •V»TI*I or UMO (UIIVIV AND THt LINIt OF TH« Canadian Pacific Railway Company 80 ^ qU. s !^ P^, 15 u wU! •vl :oV C^ bu|c :jtf4 tf^i T « 5 i?^apf [811 raol 'N.P. 4M.R.R- Tnn\\ 82 31 f^atirWaslgygiL!! TURTUE MOUHTAI I Borland lAtlio.. Oo. 0<(^v\izcou^^C^M, t%. ?»l Wlfk al Wlnnip«Ki Itt, Jan. 1890. Iicmd Commitaionen, i 102 101 100 99 iuo 97 11 •ti 3t O 3 < 7) ■A o 3 WiLMAM CoNNKi.i., I'oole, (>nt.— " I may l>e»rln l>.v MuyliiK that I nin k nutlvi> ot Scotland, liiit have lived in oiitiirlo for tortyfoiir .\ciir!4, iitul cdidd \ liiive Ii<-k*><> i» *\w\\ a ooiiiitry an Miinitoha, [ am (■crtaiti I NluHild W In a far Ix'ttiT llnanclal condl tlon to-diiy " Gkokok I'KHiifK, Fenolon Falb, Ont.— "I would ndvlgc any of my friondrt, wlm (•ontoiMplnti'd 1llnvin^f, to move to .soiithorn Manltolia, as I consiilcr tlic land very rtnlt alilf for a^'rirnltiiral itiirposi'H " F. E. AVYS, Si>aforth, Ont. -" I r(!ally think tin- country wo have vlHltcd is aH tine an any part T liav(' seen. I liavc travoilid tlirouKh the principal imrtionrt of Dakota, liiit, in my iHtlmutlon, Manitoba boats It " Mil. Kk.m.y, Reeve of niytli, Ont. '■Takln>c8ontli<'rn MiiuitoliaaM a whole, I do not think it CMH lie cxct'lled for farndiiK puriK)8ef<, and I have traviiiedovcr a larKO iwrtlon of the North-West. " JAMKS Mautin, Hruee AKrieultural Works, TeeHwater, o.t. "T think a fffoat deal of the country. I found all the farmers uroatly i)lea8o JoiiNHoN, Eramosa, Ont,— " The appearance of the country strmk UH) a:, once. T.ie ease with which the land can he hrounht under cultivation is sur- prislnj?. The .smal' percenta^'o unlit f)r plow Is remarkalde ; and the excellent con- dition of the cattio, as Heen from the train, kIvch uimdstakalde evidence of the strength of Manltoha'.s j^rasscs. I waa .surprised at tho growth of root.s and veKct- ahlea." What promises to be an additional attraction to tliis district is tlic recent discovery of coal on the western slope of the Turtle Mountains, which will assure cheap fiiol to the fMniKMs of tlio entire district. Tlic Centrcil Vrdirie Jxcoion. THE central i)rairio region, or '"second steppe," extends frouj Carberry, on tlie Canadian Pacilic, westward to Moooso Jaw, a distance of nearly 800 miles, and includes the most thickly settled part of tho prairie region. Tho principal towns along tho main line of the railway are Carberry, Brandon, Griswold, Oak Lake, Virden, Elkhoru, Moosomin, Broadview, Grenfell, Qu'Appello, llegina and Moose Jaw. In general it may be said that this region has a lighter soil than that of the Red Hiver Valley and southern Manitcoa. It is less sticky, not so black, as a rule, dryer, but none the less fertile. There are some tracts of sandhills, but these are utilized for grazing, and form but a small percentage out of the vast area of suitable surface. Carberry is a village of over 800 people, and forms the market town and shipping point for the great level tract known as Beautiful Plains, which is almost entirely under cultivation. It has live large elevators, a flour mill, churches, schools, etc., etc. In one year no less than 1,050,000 bushels of grain were marketed at this point. Brandon is the next in size to Winnipeg, and numbers about five thousand people. It is growing rapidly, and is one of the most thriving of western towns. It is located at the crossing of the Assiniboine River, 132 miles west of Winnipeg. The many fine farms and hand- some dwellings, and neat school-houses and churches giv** the country around the city a long settled appearance. The city possesses a large grain storage capacity, the different mills, elevators and wnrehouses affording storao-e for over two 1 :i 12 hundred thousand bushels. There being a herd law in this district settlers are relieved from the necessity of fencing their fields. The place of next importance west of Brandon, en the Canadian Pacific Railway, is Moosomin, which is close to the western boundary of Manitoba ; but Griswold, Oak Lake, Elkhorn and Virden, are all railway stations and market centres, approaching it in consequence. It is probable ths. no region of the prairie offers greater induce- ments at the present time to agricultural immigrants than that tributary to the villages between Brandon and Broadview. "Well improved farms are rarely in the market, but usually bring about $12 an acre. These will have from 30 to 60 acres under crop, with dwellings and stables sufficient for ordinary purposes. The valley of the Pipestone bears a great resemblance to that of the upper Souris, and is largely occupied by Scotch and English people, who have churches and schools, and among wliom are scattered many families of large means. Moosomin and Grenfell are the sta- tions for these settlements. The former is the most convenient for Moose Mountain, sixty miles southward, at the foot of which lie English settlements numbering seveial hundred people, who have devoted themselves successfully not only to farming but to the rais- ing of cattle. They have postal facilities, stores, mills for grinding flour and sawing lumber, and form the nucleus of what willquickly develop into a populous and wealthy district. Much Grovernment icind is still free for homesteai : , in that neighborhood, and other lands can be purchased at very cheap rates. The soil is unusually fertile, and the character of the country makes cattle raising and mixed farming peculiarly advantageous there. At Indian Head, some distance beyond Moosomin, which is just west of the boundary line of Manitoba, is the great Bell farm, con- cerning which so much has been written. This farm has harvested enormous crops during the past two seasons. The next station beyond Indian Head is Qu'Appelle. This place is peculiarly pleasant on account of the great number of trees stand- ing in the village and diversifying the surrounding landscape. The village is provided with excellent churches, schools and shops. This is the station for stages to Fort Qu'Appelle, eighteen miles north- ward, where, around the old Hudson Bay post, on the banks of the Fishing Lakes, has grown up a village of some 500 people, the centre of a stock-raising and farming district. The banks of the Qu'Ap- pelle are peculiarly adapted to sheep pasturage and cattle breeding, and the country northward and westward is an exceedingly fertile One, where settlement is progressing rapidly. A new branch line has recently been put in operation through this district, via Long Lake, to Prince Albert, on the North Sackatchewan. Around Regina and Moose Jaw there is much less tree growth than on the prairies eastward. The soil, however, is marvellously rich, and is especially adapted to the raising of wheat, of which a freat quantity has been produced the present year. Beyond Moose aw, except in the neighborhood of Calgary, agriculture has not ^"""'" tried to any great extent. But this section of country is par- been ticularly favorable for stock-raising in all its branches, and tor dairy- farming. The new line between Edmonton, on the North Saskatche- wan, and McLeod, passes through Calgary and the territorv north and south of it. 2 w SI > tt K 03 S K r ri o d H K o n > i\ 14 The Western Metropolis. THE City of Winnippff is tlie capital of Manitoba, and the prin- cipal city of Canada west of Toronto. A recent issue of The American Land and Title Register, published in St. Paul, the chief city of the rival State of Minnesota, says : — "Within llio memory of men now in middle life a lonely trading poat of the Hudson Bay Co;npany called Fort Garry alone marked the site of Winnipeg. This gigantic trading co.npany occupied Fort Garry as its most important post and for this purpose they chose it well— probably better than they knew. At this spot where the waters of the noble Red and the more rapid Assiniboine Rivers mingle, and around which the romantic traditions of the early days still cluster, even in those early days the shrewd officers of this comp my, as if with prophetic vision, located their chief trading post, on account of the m.,ny points of vantage it possessed as a possible commercial emporium. Easy of access both byriver and trail, it was the natural trade centre of a vast country whose bounds were imperial in extent. The commercial supremacy of Fort Garry from its earliest infancy, reaching back almost to the days of La Verandrye, down throu li the long years of semi-civilised life through the dark times of rebellion, through company rule and Canadian government, h;is never been disputed; and the proud and commanding position occupied by the Fort Garry of the past is maintained by its more civilized olF-spring, the Winnipeg of to-diiy. It is the great mart of a country of nearly 2,000,030,030 acres of rich territory ; the seat of government of the keystone province of the Dominion of Canada ; the centre of the political, so-'ial, literary, monetary and manufacturing world of the Dominion of the Canadian West, with its suburb, St. Boniface, the fountain head of the educational institutions of not only Manitoba, but the whole North- West. Its positive pre-eminence is yearly beco ning more pronounced and commanding. Twenty years ago a small isolated settlement, then a struggling village then a town; when, on the advent of the first railway, it rose, within a few years, to the proud position of one of the lealing trade centres of the continent. Ten railways, branching like spokes in a wheel in all directions, gather the wealth of an inland empire to empty it at her feet. Three out of four of the great transcontinental railroads now centre here ; and Avhile we recognize tlie ability of the railways to make or unmake cities, Winnipeg is now so pheno:nenally a railroad centre that no railroad in the country can afford to leave it out of its calculations. The navigation of the Red River, Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba, the great Saskatchewan and other navigable streams, make tributary to its thousands of miles of important coast line. Seventy-five per cent, of the wheat land of North America is directly tributary to it, while untold wealth of iron, coal, salt, petroleum, gold, silver lumber, fish, timber, furs, horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, etc , go to swell resources and backing more vast and varied than are ix)ssessed by any other city in the world. Although the facile pens of gifted writors have often describe 1 its marvellous pro- gress, its prosperity, the enterprise of its citizens, the advantages of its location, and artists have portrayed its bustling streets an.l costly and substantial structures, theie is much yet to tell of this rising wonder of the West, which, like an adolescent giant. Bits on the rim of the great prairie— the future granary of the world— and with beckon ing fingers invites the home hungering people of the congested East to i<^s hospitable and rich domain. Today no other city in America is attracting so much the attention of capitalists, and no other city can offer such inducements to invest^ors. The most competent judges pronounce its real estate the cheapest on the continent, while we look in vain elsewhere for a city of such natural advantages or such a bright and dazzling future. A leading real estate firm, in the city of Winnipeg gives the fol- lowing figures as 15 THE GROWTH OF TWO DECADES. Winnipeg. 1870. 1880. Value of City Property Volume Couimercml business.. Bank Capital Bricks Manufactured h*. O. Collection and Delivery. . Value of Public Inipro\ einents Tors Coal Handled Population Number of Build Inj^s " Business Housus — " Factories '• Churches " Schools Miles of Sidewalks " Paved Streets ■' Sewers " Water Mains " Gas Mains Number of Bonks Tributary Territory. Wheat yield (bushels 8,000 350,000 Other crops " 10,000 370,000 Acres urder Crop 2,000 40,000 White Population 8,000 33,000 Number of Farmers 210 2,250 Elevator Capncity 0 0 Nr mber of Elevators 0 .0 Railway Mileage 0 15' Number of Post Offices 0 1;)3 Number of Schools 0 85 The above fiptires are the best guarantee for the future. $200,000 150,' (00 0 0 30,0!)0 0 0 225 40 10 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 $4,500,000 2,(X)0,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 900,000 100,000 5,000 6,500 i,ona 65 16 8 6 SO 0 2 0 6 4 1890. $23,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 25,000,000 8 000,000 2,000,000 100,000 27,000 6,000 40(i 45 20 19 lao 10 21 20 11 10 20,000,000 28,(KK),000 1,300,000 240,000 30,000 8,000,000 93 3,500 580 720 7 his Table does not include the country's great -wealth in Horses, Cattle and Sheep. System of Survey. THE Provinces of the North-'West have now been accr- ately sur- veyed by the Dominion Government, and parcelle*. out into square and uniform lots on the following plan :— The land is divided into "townships " six miles square. Each township contains thirty- six " sections'*^ of 640 acres, or one square mile each, which are again subdivided into quarter-sections of 160 acres. ^ A road allowance, one chain wide, is provided for between each section running north and south, and between every alternate section east and west. _ It wiU thus be seen that the section in each township are apportioned as follows :— Open fou Homestead and Prb-emptions.— Nos. 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36. Canadian Pacipio Railway Sections.— Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 81, 33, 35. Nos. 1, 9, 13, 21, 25, 38, along the .nain line, "Winnipeg to Moose Jaw, Canada North-West Land Company, with some additional section throughout Manitoba to make up their purchase of 2,200,000 acres. ycHOOL Sections.— Nos. 11, 29, (reserved by Government solely for school purposes. c z \ c El X < O 17 Hudson's Bay Sections.— Nos. 8 aud 2n, rt'K) Acre. TOWNSHIP DIAGRAM. N. Si w. 31 C.l'.H. Gov." 11) I 18 Gov, C.P.R. (5 "GovT Gov. '_".> Schools. ;i3 _O.N.W. or 0.1'. R. •!0 Gov. 17 C. 1' K. H.U. C.P.ii. _2a Gov 21 C.N.W. or 3.P.R. Gov. j _C.N.W^ ~ or ~ C.P.R. Gov. I 34 Gov. 27 (J.P.Ii. Gov. 15 ap.R. 10 Gov. 3 C. P. H. 3.5 C.P.R. L't) L'3 (J.P.R, Gov. 25 C.N.W. or C.P.R. Gov. 14 "Gov' i;1 C.N.W. or C.l'.R. 11 Sc'liools. Cn V. 12 Gov. 1 c.y.w. or C.P.lf. S. O. P. R. : Cantulian Pacific Railway Company's I.aiids. Gov. : Govijrnment 7foinc stead and I'ro-cniption Lands. Schools . Sections reserved for siii)i)ort of Schools. H. B. : Hudson Bay Company's Lands. C N. W. : Canada North- West Land Com panys Lands for as iar Avest from Wlimipc^ as Moose Jaw only. Sections l, i>, 13, 21, 25 and 33, from Moose Jaw westward, still belong to the Canadiau Piicific Railway Company. Tlie whole plains region is fxirthevmore divided by five ** meri- dians,'' wliicli serve as base-lines for aocurare surveying. The first of these is tlie true meridian of 97^ 80', about 12 miles west of \Vinnii)eg ; the second is a short distance west of the western boundary of ^lani- toba, in longitude 102'; tlio third crosses xVssiniljoia near Moose Jaw, in longitude 100"; the fourth passes tlirougli the Cypress Hills (long. 110); and the fifth is tlie longitude of Calgary, ill" west of Green- wich. Between the meridians, the ranges ai-e numbered consecutively from east to west; wliile the tiers of townsliips are numbered con- tinuously from the United States boundary northward. To designate one's exact locality it is only necessary to say, for example, that he is in section 23, township 10, range 19, west of the first meridian, which is the site of Brandon. ,t ! I ■ i I 18 For disposal of the public lands under this system, by free-grant, pre-emption or sale, the Dominion has established the followint- agen- cies, at which a.U the business in relation to lands within the district of each must be transacted : — DOMINION LANDS OFFICES. (figures ARB INCLUSI'VK). "Winnipeg and DufEerin Districts combined —-Includes all surveyed townships, Nos. 1 to 25 north ; ranges— all east of 1st meridian, and ranges 1 to 8 west ; also townships 1 to 4, rar. jes i? to 14, and town- ships 5 to 7, ranges 9 to 12 west. Agent, Winnipeg. Souris District.— Township 5, ranges 13 to 18, townsxiips 6 and 7, ranges 18 to 2nd meridian, townships 8 to 12, ranges 9 tc 2nd meridian. Agent, Brandon. Turtle Mountain District.— To^mships 1 to 4, ranip-^^ 15 to 2nd meridian, township 6, ranges 19 to 2nd meridian. Agenx., iJeloraine. Little Saskatchewan District.— Townships north of and including 13, ranges 9 to 22 west. Agent, Minnedosa. Birtle District.— Townships north of and :ixoiading 13, ranges 23 to 2nd meridian. Agent, Birtle. Coteau Distr'.ct.— Townships 1 to 9. i-anges 1 to 80 west 2nd meri- dian. Agent, Cannington. Qir'Appelle District,— Townships 10 1« 2®, ranges. 1 to 80 west 2nd meridi&a. Agent, Re^a. Touchwood L'istrict.— Townships 24 to 31, ranges 1 to 80 west 2nd meridian, townships 82 to 86, range 1 west 2nd ir eridian to range 6 west 3rd meridian, townships 37 aim 88, 2nd meridian, to range 5 west 8r('. meridian. Agent, Saltcoats. Swift Current District.— Townships 1 to 80, ranges 1 to 80 west 8rd meridian, township 81, ranges 1 to 6 west 8rd meridian. All business transacted at Kegina. Calvary District.— Townships 13 to 18, range '24 west 4th to B. C, and townsnii)s 19 to 80, range 1 west 4th ; townships 81 tc 42, range 8 west 4th meridian to B. C. Agent, Calgary. Edmonton District.— Township north and including 43, range 8 west 4th to B. C. Agent, Edmonton. Battleford District.— Townships 81 to 86, range 7 ^t 3rd meri- dian to 7 west 4th meridian ; townships 37 to 38, ran^^e 6 west 3rd meridian to range 7 west 4th meridian ; township 84 northwards, range 11 west 8ra meridian to 7 we«L 4th meridian. Agent, Battleford. Prince Albert District. — ^To'vnship 89 northwards, range 18 west 2nd meridian to 10 west 3rd meridian. Agent, Prince Albert. Lethbridge District.— Townships 1 to 18, ranges 1 to 24 west 4th meridian, and townships 1 to 12 between westerly limit of range 24 and boundary B. C. A^ent, Lethbridge, N. W. T. From time to time the boundaries of the different agencies are liable to alteration as the progress of settlement renders advisable and as the increasing railway facilities makes it possible to place the land offices in more central positions relatively to the boundaries of each district. In every case, however, ample notice is given to the public of any changes made in the land districts, and in the case of imm i- 19 ^ants newly arriving in Manitoba they can obtain thelollest possible information in regard to all land matters by inquiring at the office of the Commissioner of Dominion Lands in V/innipeg, or at the Dominion Lands Litelli^ience Office, which is on iho platform at the Winnipeg station, and is kept open fairing the immigration season for the express purpose of supplying information to incoming settlers. There are also intelligence offices stationed at Whitewood and Medicine Hat for the same purpose. At the offices in the districts, detailed maps will be found, showing the exact homestead and j, re-em ption lands vacant. The agents are always ready to give every assistance and information in their power. Settlers arriving in Winnipeg can obtain all information required before going west. For the convenience «^f applicants, infor- mation as to prices and terms of purchase of Railway lands may also be obtained from all stations agents along the Company's main line and branches. In no case is an agent entitled to receive money in Eayment for lands. All payments must be remitted directly to the land Commissioner at Winnipeg. Climate, THE seasons in the North-West are weU marked. The summer months have bright, clear, and often very warm weather ; but the nights are cool. The days are very long on account of the high latitude, and grain has some hours more each day for ripening than in southerly latitudes, thus making up for the comparatively shorter season. Harvesting begins about the middle of August and ends early in September, all the grain coming pretty weU together. The autumn months are considered the finest of the year. The atmosphere is serene and free from moisture, frequently for jperiods of several weeks. That the winter is cold, there is no doubt, but the atmosphere is buoyant, the sun shines almost every day, and when it is very cold there is seldom any wind ; the air is extremely bracing and health- givijig. "Blizzards" aie scarcely known, and cyclones, which peri- odicafly sweep over th Western and North-Western States and Territories of the United States, leaving destruction and desolation in their path, have never visited this portion of Canada. This dryness of the air ics the secret of the degree of comfort ex- perienced even when the mercury is very low, for that sensation of penetrating chill which makes the cold weather of coast regions so severe, is rarely felt. Snow never falls to a great depth, and the rail- way trains across the plains have never been seriously impeded by it. As this snow is perfectly dry, a person never has wet feet or soaked clothing by it. Men travel with teams everywhere, taking their grain to market, hauling fuel, building and fencing material, and doing all their work. Stock thrive well out of doors, so far as tiie cold Is con- cerned, and along the base of the Rockies, where warm dry Chinook winds from the west absorb the snow rapidly, herds of horses and cattle have hitherto been left out all winter to shift for themselves. Calves and lambs are bom on the open prairie in January and Febru- ary, and not only live but grow fat. Eyeryone unites in testifying to the healthfulneF"^ of the country. Ploughing can often be commenced about the end^c tfarch, but generally not before April 5. The snow disappears rapidlyj and the ground dries quickly. Winter closes promptly and decisively. Sowing is done during almost th^ whole of April, and is finished early in May. s < n o M a a OS H u I 21 . ' Fuel. THERE is a more or less trcnorous supiily «'f wood tlirouLclionI the farniinjj; districts. In juldiiiou tst ])er('entage on the continent of America, the average for 1801 in ^lanitoha, according to returns up to date, being about H.") bush. ])(M' acre. Tlie h(>rry is a moderate si/o, of a fine amber color and possesses those qualities that render it most ]n'ofitable for flour making. The straw is strong and stiff, often exceeding five feet in height, while the heads are long and jilump. It will be easily inferred tliat a field of 500 or 600 acres of growing wheat is a beautiful sight, and when it jaomises an avei\nge of HO busliels to the acre (that has often been exceeded) it is to the owner in reality a golden pros[)ect. As an evidence of the advance the pT'ovince is making in the production of grain, ofHciiil figiu-es may be (pioted as follows: The total acreage under crop in 1887 w'as (iOSJ.TOt, while in 1801 it had in- creased to 1,350,673 acres, a diffei-ence of '2<)7,879 acres. Other Grains^ etc. IN addition to wheat, which is the standard and mos' lai'gcly cul- tivated grain (Manitoba red Fyfe wheat brings a higher in-ice In Liverpool than that of any other jilace on the glo >e) the soil of the North-West yields bountifully of barley, oats, rye, miilet, timothy- grass, lucerne, peas, beans, Hax, hops, every sort of root-crop, and all kinds of garden produce; while the women and children arc delighted to find themselves able to cultivate flowers to any extent. Mushrooms are plentiful and often of gigantic size. Barley and ry(! give a magnificent yield, often forty bushels to the acre, Oats are very generally cultivated and oftcni form the first planting of the new settler. They incline to shorter straw and heavier heads than in the east, and produce fifty to seventy bushels per acre. Millet and similar small grains grow excellently ; as, also, do the fodder ])lauts, though these have been little cultivated, because there has been little need to supplement the nature I hay-grasses. Hempen plants are indigenous I 22 all over the plains, bo that it is not surprising to find that flax does exceedingly well in the North- West, requiring ninety days to mature. For this there is always a good home market, linseed-oil mills having been built in Winnipeg. ^ , * n 4. r* 4.4. • Wild hops, pronounced by brewers to be of excellent quality, attain a luxuriant growth in many localities. Cultivated vines of this wild stock give as fine large hops as the vines of Kent. In respect to root-crops, it probably is not too much to say that no part of the world produces potatoes, turnins, onions and every kind of garden vegetables belonging to the cooler half of the temperate zone with so great a luxuriance, and of so fine a quality, as the Canadian "West, The Department of Agriculture has published a statement respect- ing the suitability of Manitoba as a place for settlement, based upon the answers of 100 farmers, whose names and addresses are given, and to whom reference may at any time be made. These farmers testify, among other things, to the amazing yield of root-crops, ninety-two of them reporting an average crop of 818 bushels to the acre. W. H. Swain, of Morris, has produced 800 to 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre, and sixty bushels of beans have also been raised by him per acre ; S. C. Higginson, of Oakland, has produced cabbages weighing 17J lbs. each; Allan Bell, of Portage la Prairie, has had cabbages 45 inches round, and turnips weighing 25 lbs. each; Thos. B. Patterson has realized forty tons Oi t^urnips to the acre, some of them weighing as much as 20 lbs. each ; Robt. E. Mitchell, of Cook's Creek, raised a squash of six weeks' growth, measuring 5 feet 6 inches around the centre ; Wm. Moss, of HighBlu?, has produced carrots weighing 11 pounds each, and turnips measuring 86 inches in circumference ; James Airth, of Stone- wall, states that the common weight of turnips is twelve pounds each, and some of them have gone as high as thirty-two and a half pounds ; Isaac Casson, of Green S-idge, has raised 270 bushels of onions to the acre: John Geddes, of Kildonan, states that he has raised 300 bushels or carrots and 800 bushels of turnips per acre ; John Kelley, of Morris, has produced fiom 800 to 1,000 busneis of turnips to the acre ; Joshua Appleyard, of Stonewall, also states his crops of turnips to have been 1,000 bushels per acre, the common weight being twelve pounds each; Ed. Scott, of Portage la Prairie, mised 400 bushels of turnips from half an acre of land, and in similar strain a long lisv of farmers speak of their personal experience. Even the less hardy kinds succeed well. You will see tomatoes growing out of doors and ripening well all over the prairies. Farmers of Edmonton and Qu'Appelle grow them as well as they do at Winnipeg or Emerson. Asparagus, tobacco, maize, melons of all kinds, and everything ordinarily in a garden, can be seen wherever a careful attempt has b^en made to maice these more tender plants grow. Wild fruits attain to great perfection in Manitoba, Assiniboia and Alberta. Wild plums, raspberries, cherries, cranberries and oth3r berries abound, and are of luscious quality. Apiculture is successfully carried on in the North- West, of course as bees reauire just such a clear, dry atmosphere and wealth of flowers as they find on the prairies. The honey secreted solidifies and becomes ready for sealing sooner than in a warm, moist climate, and is consequently sweeter. In connection with the farm, the raising of cattle, horses, swine and poultry, can be carried on most advantageously, as all the land ro not under cultivation is pasture, and thfci'e ar© few quarter-sectiond unsupplied with good drinking water. Pairs of worlcing oxen weiKh- ing 3,500 pounds or more can be seen almost anywliere. The rare occurence of any disease is a uoint which should not be forgotten ; and every care is taken by tne local govern rnent to prevent their introduction and to encourage live stock breeding generally. Dairy Farm'n^. ONE special resource which deserves every farmer's attention, is dairying. Cheese factories have been established at several points and are doing very well. The butter of Manitoba is famous for its excellence, and is sent not only to all parts of the prairie region, but shipped eapt in large quantities, and even to Japan. At a recent Dominion Exhibition in Toronto, the butter of Manitoba took the first prize, in competition with all Canada. Items like the fol- lowing, from a newspaper of Winnipeg, are every day occurrences, and show what butter-making amounts to there : — "James Kelly, of Amaud, Man., sold 2,149 pounds of butter to the Hudson's Bay Company, which they pronounced to be the best butter bought by them this season, and for which he got the highest price In the market. He has been in Manitoba twelve years, and commenced farming here in 1880 with only one yoke of cattle, one log chain, a plow and $1 capital. He has now twenty-two milch cows, and has In all eighty-three head of stock, and has no debts and no encumbrances on his property. He advises all his countrymen to come and farm in Muiitoba." Settler's Testimony. IN 1891 a number of letters from settlers in Manitoba and the Territories were published in which the greatest satisfaction was expressed with their experience of the West, and giving glowing accounts of the harvest of 1890. The following letters and extracts refer to the crop of 1891 : — Report on farming operations of Samuel Hanna, of Griswold, 1881 to 1890, inclusive : Made entry in 1881, on E ^ 1240-28, built small house and put up some hay. Had capital at commencement, $5,000. Homestead and pre-emption 820 acres. Purchased 640 acres at 82.50 per acre. 1882. Broke and backset 150 acres. 1888. Sowed 90 acres in wheat, 60 In oats, broke and backset 150 acres. Threshed 8,600 bushels wheat, averaging 34 bushels per acre, sold at 81 cents per bushel, oats yielded 5,400 bushels, averaging 90 bushels per acre. 1881. Put SOO acres In crop ; 200 In wheat, 100 oats and barley. Wheat yielded 5,6(X) bushels, averaging 28 bushels per acre, sold at 71 cents per busheL 60 acres in oats yielded 4,200 bushels, averaging 70 bushels per acre. 40 acres In barley yielded 1,800 bushels, averaging 45 bushels per acre. Broke and backset 15'J acres. 1885. 450 acres under cultivation. 300 acres In wheat yielded 9,000 bushels, aver- aging 30 bushels per acre, shipped to Toronto. Crop was somewhat frozen, realized 45 cents per bushel. Put 50 acres In oats, 25 In barley. Oats yielded 8,500 bushels, aver- age 70 bushels per acre, barley l,oro bushels, average 40 bushels per acre. Broke and backset 80 acres. Summer fallowed 75 acres. 1886. 530 acres under cultivation. Put 300 acres In wheat, yield 6,700 bushels, average 19 bushels per acre, (dry season,) 60 acres in oats, 1,500 bushels, average 25 bushels per acre, barley 20 acres, yield 500 bushels, averaging 25 bushels per acre. ]i 55 -1 3 W a' Ml o as n H > t LT) n ;'. •-< 7. -l. Itroko and Itiu-kmtt V> w oh, Miiuuiu>r fallowoil ITmi iuii'H. • 1MM7. tjnri lu'ii's iindi'i- ciiltlviition. .'JTr) aiTM In wheat, ylt'lil on V-*^ acres nsliolH, avtTUKlnw I'JIiiHlii'l.H per acri', yitdil on tfSft aerert 5,17.'. |)n«lii'l«, avoraKinx •>•:» ImisIicIh pt\r atTi^ Hold V\\v*\ ImisIhIh ai W\ «Tnl.H per Itnslnl. :• t aon'S in oat>* yiidil ;j,r>i»<»|tiif«lu!l.H, avcrajj^iiiK 70 biisluls per ai-n', harlny i'r> htcs 1,j;,ii I»ii.h1u'Im, avoragini^ Tio IxmludH per aero. Sinnnicr fidlowi-d ir>0 acn>». IHHH, 7r»r> a Tos inidtT t-ultivation. in'i in wln-al, yield -''"« Itn^liid-iporftcrt'. damairod HiiL'htly by fnnt. Tlu! liitdnj^'a wiicat was nMlniicliiil liy rr<>s( aMiM'^'i-d ,'l.t ImhIicIh, andMold It lit 8 .f*!} pt«r ituslitd. OatM was a I'oor orop avi;ra)j:ink' only tU Itusluds per aert'. Sinnnicr fallowed I'li) acivx. lNHi». tiK) aore.H in wlica', yiidd I,i»im» Imslud, avdra^'c 1" Imshclrt jmr acres, sold at ••.'> cents. All No. 1 liard. Oats and Itarley 1ik» acres, lij;lil cro|(. IHiM). 4l')acresin wlicd, yitsid i:!,J"(» l)usliels, avciMu'inw .1 ' liiislicis per acre Sold «,r»atHl rents. Oats H) acres, yield .t.Hiii hnsluds, averawinur \^ ImslielH per acre, liarlcy ;!i> acres, yield l,L' Total «f.'H,ji.V) (HI Capital at Commencement Mr. Clmrlos Dodd, of lirojidviow, A.ssinil)oino, siild on Oct. 'iOtli, 1890: "Tcamo from Conn ty Dnrlinm, Knj;iand, in 188'J. When I reached WinnipcR f had just !?2(H» in my inu'ket. Tr)(|;iy I jun worth !t!;i,(KK>. 'J'li is year 1 had forty acres under oats and K'>t -i thi(>. crop of extra puid ^rain, which a\era^:ed I.') Imshels to the acre. I had ten acres of wlusit which yielded 522 husluds per .acre of lirst class ^rrain. I consider the chances as most promisin';. I have done well niysidf, much hettcr than I could ever have done in England, and anyone willing,' to work .-an do tlie same. "CiiAUi.KS Dodd." Asked concerninji: this lettoi* Mr. Dodd rei)liod Nov. i;Uh, 1891 : " Say I arrived in Winnipeg,' with ?2 lnste;ul of §-'ik» and you will lie nearer the rlffhtthiuf^. Our crojis this year arc beyond our hi^jhcst expectation. Wheat to 45 hush, per acre, oats to 7.5 bush, per .acre and other yields in jiroportion Tlu; wheat in this district will (,'0 No. 1 or No. 2 hard and has lifjfured v(!ry prominently even at IlejJTina. Our district is especi;illy adapted to ni!xed farmin.Lr haviuK' plenty of (,'ood hay land, wood and water, the only tiling we lack being settlers." Mr. James Kelly, Arniiiid, Manitoba, wrote under date of August 23rd, to Mr. A. J. McMillan, Manitoba Government Agent at Liveri)ool : / "Ih.avcspent forty yo.arsof my life farming in different parts of America from the Atlantic to the I'.acilio Ocean, and also in Caliloriiia. I have also seen a little farming in Ireland, England and Scotland, and have never seen any soil to c(iual M.anitob.o. Therefore I would reconnnend any one who wishes to make a living at farm- ing to come to this country, also farm laborers of both sexes. I am now seventy years of age, and I can say it is the best land I ev(;r saw after all my travels. I wish vou could send me a couple of laboring hands as ((luckly as possilile. They an; very scarce in this part of the country. A tiiousand farm laborers would get work here at pre3«it 56 at wages from 350 to $60 and board per month. Is It not a shame that we cannot pro- cure help ? Arouse up, boys, and come to the country where they can live free and where they will be equal to their masters. I have lived in this country 15 years, and ought to know something about it now." Mr. Condie, who farms south of Deloraine, obtained 3,300 bush, from 67 acres, (49^ bush, per acre.) He writes : " This crop was raised on summer fallow, the land or summer fallow as it is called consists of one shallow plowing, (atiout 4 inches) and one harrowing in the Fall. I sowed li bush, per acre with an ordinary Press Drill, commenced seeding the I6th of April ind finished the 27th. " Yours etc., " Alex. Condie. " Mr. M. B. Wilson and sons : "Raised off 400 acres of land 14,470 bush, of No. 1 wheat, and off 75 acres of land 4,6->() bush, of oats, and off I'i acres of land 483 bush of barley, making in all 19,570 bush of grain off 547 acres of land this year. "M. B. Wilson." Deloraine, Nov. 9, 1891. Avenue Farm, Gkenfell. Assa., N. W. T., Nov. 16th, 1891. Our w/ieai, (White Fyfe) threshed oy measure, 30 bushels to the acre— fall plough land— sown wheat also in 1890, and wou d probably have returned at least another five bushels to the acre but for the exceptional ravages of wild geese and sandhill crane. This is the lightest crop of wheat I have heard of as yet in our district ; our nearest neighbor (D. W. McGregor) averaged 4-' bushels to the acre. We tried an experiment of White Fyfe and Ladoga, a two bushel bag of each sown on the same day, side by side, on last y( sir's turnip land. The tally of the thresh- ing machine registered 57 of White Fyfe and 14 of Ladoga. Our oat crop on summer fallowed land would have given quite phenomenal returns, but for a rain storm; badly laid as it was, v/e realised 915 bushels off 17 acres. We also hiul 35 acres of oats on last year's wheat land, ploughed in the spring, sown broadcast randal and drag harrowed, which yielded 44 bushels to the acre. Here Ave found the crop did not run so much to straw as on the summer fallow, and the oats are a more equal sample, and the straw more valuable. Still it is advisable year in and year out to have at least one-third of one's crop on summer fallowed land. We had great success with Carter's two-rowed malting barley, (prize prolific) and can boast a carload (6 >u bushels) to-day, the result of one two-bushel bag purchased from the Expermental Farm at Ottawa in the spring of 1890. These are unvarnished facts wheh I understand its your good purpose to collect, and without any comment, I beg to submit myself. Faithfully yours, R. H. Hat Chapman, Regina, Nov. 15.— The Smith boys, brothers of J. W. Smith, of Smith & Fergu- son, report a phenomenal wheat yield from a ten-acre field on a farm six miles north of the town. This patch took 65 pounds of twine to bind it. It was threshed Friday and yielded 550 bushels, 55 bushels to the acre A Manitoba paper says :— In our local matter this week are several notable yields of wheat, ranging from 34 to 50 bushels per acre. Taking Mr. Ccndie's crop of 49i bushels per acre thresher's measure at 50 bushels per weight, while it is more likely to make 51 or 52 bushels at 75 cents per bushel, we have $37.53 as the product in dollars and cents per acre, ana this not from a small garden patch, but from large a field of 67 acres. Similar land to this can be readily taken from the prairie and prepared for cr )p at a cost less than 85 per acre, while the land itself can be bought at from $6 to $1 J per acre. There is also the yield on Mr. Wright's farm of 41 bushels to the acre, from a 60 acre block, and 40 bushels trom another ; in each case No. 1 hard " 27 A telegram from Grenfell to a Winnipeg journal, says, Oct. 2'lth :— " Results far beyond former expectation reach us from the threshing machines. Thirty bushels to the acre of wheat is probably the lowest we shall hear of, while as the grain is turning out 35 to 40 bushels will be no exaggerated average, and 75 per cent, will grade No. l hard or better, for without doubt much wheat will be marketed here this year, con- siderably superior to the highest government grade. " Quite phenomenal crops of oats are heard of. Messrs. Rowley & Chapman report .55 to the acre, and also from one bag of White Fyfe sown on turnip land, 57 bushels, and 44 bushels from 2 bushels of Ladoga." Another journal says :— " From all parts of the province and the eastern territories comes the news of great crop yields. At Sheppardville 5;) acres yielded 7,766 bushels and in another case 27 acres yielded 963 bushels and other similar yields are reportfid At Pilot Mound staclcing will be in progress until the snow falls, and it is thought that owing to the scarcity of threshing outfits much of the threshing will have to stand over until spring. The yield is frequently from 3) to 40 bushels to the acre. The same state of affairs is reported at Neepawa. As high as 78 cents has been paid at Minne- dosa for No. 1 hard, and 80 cents was offered for more, but the price has since fallen to 75 cents. At Springhill the wheat is of a fine quality, and is yielding from 26 to 33 bushels to the acre." A Reglna paper says :— " We said a week or two ago when writing about the phenomenalcropsin this district that we should not be surprised when the threshers got to work to hear of yields of 40 and more bushels to the acre. Mr. W. C. Culluvn, of Regina, has just threshed out forty-eight and half bushel to the acre. He will lave some thousands of bushels of the same stuff, which is Regina No. 1 hard." A telegram from Miami, Oct. I9th, to the Winnipeg Free Press says :— " '."he weather is delightful, and the farmers are through stacking, and several of them are busy threshing. The crop is as large as was anticipated ; in some Instances more. John G. Blair who farms one mile south of here in tp. 4 r. 6, on twenty-one acres. No. 1 hard, and had a crop of bats which averaged 125 bushels to the acre. In a letter to the Hon. Mr. Greenway, Minister of Agriculture and Immigration, Mr. H. C. Simpson, a farmer in the vicinity of Virden, says : " I will give the results of a venture I made in growing wheat, which I think you will agreo was very successful. I bought a quarter section of land, sandy-soil, seven miles from Virden, during the spring of 1889, and broke and 1 ackset 120 acres of it. It Is very smooth and level, so it was as easy to break as ploughing ordinary stubble. I sowed it T.ith Eureka wheat, and started cutting on the 7th of August last year. I threshed 2,375 bushels off it. I have sold It now at 95 cents per bushel, which comes to ^,256. I paid $3.50 per acre for the land, or say $560 ; my expenses. Including st eding, threshing, etc., amounted to I486 ; so that I have the land for nothing, and a net profit .of $1,200. These figures are correct, because I have taken great care to keep an accurate accoaat of my expenses. " A westem journal says :— ** Some of the results of threshing on the Blood Reserve wUl no doubt he of interest. At the Home Farm, off of 15 acres, they threshed out 1,144 bushels of iine sound oats. They measured 5 feet, 6 inches in height. Off of 1^ acres of wheat, 58 bushels were threshed, of first-clajss quality." A Logoch correspondent writes :— " Wheat is turning out on an average 30 bushels to the acre and bringing the highest market price." The Morden Monitor says :— The yield of grain in the Miami district promises to be larger than anticipated. Mr. Thos. Gosney has six acres of wheat which turned out 47 J bushels to the acre. " The Qu'Appell . Vide/te B&ya :—"'M.t. Arthur Webster threshed a portion of his grain laat veek, and is highly plef\sed with the yield. His Red Fyfe wheat yielded over 45 bushels pei' acre, *^o rowed barley 37, oats from 70 to 80.' 28 stac-kiii- an.l scvoi-,1 <.*• n. "''^ ' ^'^^^ weather is (loIi-hH-,.i ^ 80.1 in tlic shape of ,vhoat ot ? ^'' '*"'"" °^ ^^''^^'o„s frei -hi ^ '"'" '•'^^- *« 78c. -onts from this Point tc^.j^tlnr; --"t'".' his tur^to I,' ' *';'\^'''"-t« o^ th a present. On Saturday no es's h „ w "'" ''■•"" *''« M. .S.V \ "''^ '"• '^^'^ '^'''P sh,p,nent. than .->, ears of wheat we,t^ ^j ., '?;' 'IT^ J-'y lar.le "^ ^- 1 . U. yard f.jr '^ ^«- ^ALKEH's Loa FAnu. Hous ON THE ASSINIBOINE, Mak ITOBA, 18DI.. 29 ASSINIBOIA THE District of Assiniboia lies between the Province of Manitoba and the District of Alberta, and extends north froiu the Inter- national boundary to the 52nd parrallel of latitude, and contains an area of thirty-four million acres. It is divided into two great areas. Each of these divisions has its own peculiar characteristi'js; the eas'/3rn portion being essentially a wher.t-growing country, and the wesoem better fitted for mixed farming and ranching. The great plain lying south of the Qu'Appelle river and stretching south to the International boundary, is considered to have the largest acreage of wheat land, possessing a uniform character of soil, found in any oio tract of fertile prairie land in the North- West. The eastern part of the District is known as the Park Country of the Canadian North- West. Both are traversed by the Canadian Pacific Railway and its branches. In the western District is the celebrated Cypress Hills country, extending T/est to Medicine Hat. It is everywhere thickly covered with u, good growth of nutritious grasses, — the grass is usually the short, crisp variety, known as " Buffalo Grass," which be- comes to all appearance dry about midsummer, but is still green and growing at the roots and forms excellent pasture both in winter and summer. A heavy growth of grass suitable for hay is found in many of the river bottoms and surrounding the numerous lakes and slovighs. The snow fall is light, the climate is tempered by the Chinook winds, and water and shelter are everywhere abundant. Professor Macoun, in his exploration of these hills, found that the grasses of the Plateau were of the real pasturage species, and produced abundance of leaves, and wero so tall that for miles at a time he had great difficulty in forcinr, his way through them. Although their seeds were all ripe, Aucust 14th, their leaves were quite green. It is amazing the rapidity with which poor emaciated animals brought from the East get sleek and fat on the buffalo grass of the plains. The supply of timber on tho hills is considerable. There is also an abundance of fuel of a different kind in the coal seams that are exposed in many of the valleys. Settlers in this section of the Company's lands have thus at hand au abundant supply of timber suitable for house logs and fencing, and both coal and wood for fuel. Settlements. '"pHE principal settlements are in the district south of Maple Creek, 1 Dunmore and Medicine Hat. Parties in search of land, either for mixed farming or stock-raising, are advised to examine the country south-west of Swift Current station, along the Swift Current Creek, south and west of Gull Lake, south of Alaple Creek, the valley of Mackay Creek that flows north from the hills crossing the track at Walsh, and south of Irvine and Dunmore. ■'"■" • •■ '■' liitfea 'jfwi^iiii I II I ■ • « ai X o H • d ALBERTA THE Territorial District of An)erta, the great ranching, dairy farming and mineral counti y of tlie Canadian North- West, em- braces an area larger than tliiit of England and Wales together. Lying on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, and bounded on the north by the Provisional District of Athabasca, lat 55.7, on the south by the International boundary line, on the east by the Pro- visional District of Assiniboia, and on the west by the eastern boundary of the Pi-ovince of British Columbia, a length of some BOO miles from east to west, and 500 from n )rth to south, it. includes in its 107,700 square miles every variety of forest and stream land, graz- ing and agricidtural land, mineral and oil districts. In it are com- prised 45 millions of acres of the most fertile soil on the continent, and some of North America's best deposits of coal and metals. - Alberta may be described as having three distinct surface features, viz. : ^n-airie lands on the east, which are thickly timbered in the northern part of the province ; then come the rolling lands or foot hills, extending some 40 miles from the base of the mountains, mostly heavily timbered, and lastly the majestic mountains, the great backbone of this continent, walling its western boundary. It ofiors a valuahl'^ choice of locality to the intending settler. It is divided into Northern and Southern Alberta. Of J^ortlvcfm Alberta Mr. Leonard Gaetz, a resident of the Saskatchewan country, said on his examination before a Parliamentary Committee : — " A co':irxuxy pre-eminently suited to mixed farming. It has some peculiar featiires in this respect, that it is a well- wooded and well-watered country. It is a country where a settler going with little means does not need to expend his capital altogether to provide shelter for himself and his stock, but where, if he has not timber on his own land, he can get a pe^rmit from the Government and get 1,800 lineal feet of building timber, 400 roof poles, 2,000 fence rails and 30 cords of dry wood for 50 cents, and put up his buildings. He can husband his resources to expend in fitting himself out with stock and implements to carry on his work. I bbve seen wheat and oat straw that grew to the height of 5J and 6 feet; and yet ^-^'311 headed and filled with plump grain." Horses and Cattle. QUESTIONED by the Committee, Mr. Gaetz said of animals :— " A _ great many of them we do not house at all. Our young stock or yearlings simply go in the shed in the night, and around the straw stack in the day. Our breeding cows we house. My young horses were out this winter until the last week in January, though one of the coldest winters since I have been in the country. They were in perfectly good condition and healthy. Horses a.- /Ustomed to it will get into one of those big sloughs and will stay thei'e week after week, ve well and come home fat. Speaking of last winter, our young 32 i^^ horses did not come home till Spring. "We never fed them a pound of hay, but I do not want to see the recurrence of a winter like that again. I think a snowfall and cold are better than these mild winters * * * It does not take any very great skill to raise cattle, which at twenty-eight or thirty months old will dress without an ounce of grain, 650 and 700 pounds of beef, or a three-year-old that will dress 800 to 850 pounds. I am speaking of what I have seen, and am testi- fying to what I know by personal experience. Then, Sir, it does not take a very great deal of skill in farming. Even a novice like myself in average years can grow crops of grain — oats from 50 to 75 bushels to the acre, and weighing 46 to 50 jjounds to the bushel ; barley from 45 to 55 bushels to the acre, and weighing from 54 to 57 pounds to the bushel ; wheat from 35 to 40 bushels to the acre, and weighing from 62 to 64 pounds per bushel." Vegetables and Fruits. "I AST year," said Mr. Gaetz, "I have grown potatoes at the rate 1— of 720 bushels to the acre. That is a phenomenal yield, but we can grow from 300 to 400 bushels of potatoes per acre, without any extra attention, skill or manure. We can also grow carrots, cabbage and cauliflower. I have frequently seen cauliflower at Calgary Fair that were a yard in circumference. In reference to small fruits I may say that this is another matter that has to bo experimented upon. I have grown red currants, black currants and strawberries with con- siderable success, but not what would satisfy me." THE SASKATCHEWAN VALLEY The EclmontoTh District. ROUND the old and important post of Edmonton and the mission in the neighborhood, thriving but not very extensive settlements have been established for some years. Heavy crops are harvested and a considerable quantity of gold has been taken from the river bars in the neighborhood. Edmonton has hitherto been reached only by carts across the prair;es, or boats up the Saskatchewan, navigation being difficult except in the summer owing to shifting sand bars. It has now Direct Bail Comniunication with the Canadian Pacific Railway, the coal mines in Southern Alberta and the markets of British Columbia as well as those in the east. The climate differs from that of Southern Alberta in that the 1 A 5' 34 rain and snowfall is heavier, and is comparatively speaking? free from wind storms. It is therefore more favorable to the growth, of cereals. The following instances are a few out of many showing the agricultural qualities of the district. The returns for 1891 were (at date of writing) not yet received, but the crop is reported as being ta all appearances above the aver ■ H r X > a! O © n o "! IB > 9) o W a M 8S Thoro aro now on tho ranups of AllHMta lmn;(>thor out of doors, thoro l)t'iun inori' snow ; it in, however. »'lic lands not exceeding four sec- tions (2,<>r)0 acres) in the vicinity of the settler's residence. The lea.se shall 1)0 for a neriod not exceeding twenty-one vears. The lessee shall jiay an annual rental of two cents an acre. 'iMie lessee sluiU wit hiu three years place one head of cattle for every twenty acres of laiui covered by liis lease; atleastone-thirdof tlie number of cattle stipu]at(Hl for shall 00 placed on the range within each of the three yisars from the date of tlie order-in-council granting the ^'-se. Whetber lie Ui a lessee or not, no pi^rson .shall be allowed to place sheep upon lands in Manitoba and the North- West without i)ermission from the Minister of the Interior. _ Leases of grazing hinds to other than settlers, or in larger (luantities than that s[)eciiied above, are granted only after jtublic competition. Full i)articulars can be obtained on ajiplication to tho Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Maps .^howing the lands now under lease can be seen at the Land Commissioner's Office in VVinniiKjg. Maps can be secured there free of cost shpwing the lands open for sale in the ranching districts, and their prices. The Cost of Starting a Eanchc. FOR the benefit of intending settlers an account of the cost of starting a ranche is herewith given : — Take as example a person bringing in a band of ooo head of good grade two-year old lieifers. at say ^"JS (£5) also 20 bulls at $50 (£10). In the tirst i)lace, ho nuist locate a suitable site for buildings, etc., in the vicinity of good waiter ; a running stream is of cour.se pi'eferable. Then comes the erection of his biiildings — a log liouso which will cost aViout -SloO (£30) ; a liorse stable to accommodate eight horses, $50 (£10) ; a shed Iu0x20 feet for weak cows and calves during winter, say $75 (£15), and a pole corral for branding calves, etc., about $15 (£8). ^riicso l)uild- ings will be sufficient for the first year, and can be added to as his band increases. Next comes the purchasing of say fifteen saddle horses at about $00 (£12) per head ; one team of w'ork liorses at $250 (£50); mower and raJce $125 (£25), and a wagon and harness $125 (£25). This will be the principal outlay ; in addition there are the smaller tools, furniture, provisions, etc. A practical man gives the following figures in regard to the cost of raising stock and the average profits. I would estiimte the cost of raising a steer to marketable age of say four years, old, as follows, viz. :— Take one hundred cows with an increase of at least seventy-live per cent, and estimating the cost of keep for each cow for 1 I li 40 One vear to be 83 •• SSTO 00 Andlteepof each calf for 1st year «5 375 00 ., " " iind *' 3 226 00 ' »t " 3rd " 3 225 00 •• •• 4th " 3 225 00 Total costs of 75 steers at 4 years'old 81,350 00 •Or «18 per head which will readily sell at $40 per head, leaving a profit of $22 each, I consider the above a fair estimate of the cost. As I am now feeding iny stock at less than three cents a head per day, on feed bought in the stack and reckoning drawing •one and one-half miles at one dollar per load. Yours respectfully, J. E. Kennacy. •Davisburg, Alta., 22nd January, 1S93. Considering a man established with his stock in the country, buildings erected, stock branded and turned loose on the range and two men hired, who will want about $25 per month for the year, we will now take up the life of a cow-man from this time. His cattle will want but little attention until fall, so his work is to provide for them in case of a hard winter in the way of hay which can be cut ou the prairie. He should provide himself with say 100 tons which woum be stacked at his buildings if possible. After haying he will be employed in fixing up generally and his men in riding the range -and keeping an eye on the cattle until the fall roundup which takes place the latter part of September. Butter Making in Alberta. A PRACTICAL man in Alberta makes the following statement about butter making in Alberta : — A settler arrives here having means to put up a small house on his 160-acre homestead, and has also means to get a span of horses, a plough and harrow, with enough of seed to plant a few acres. Then, if he nas a wife, and $100 left, let him buy two cows ; if more money still, more cows— say five cows the first year. From these he will be able to make five pounds of butter daily during five months, worth in -our market 25 cents a pound (Is.). This will suprort himself and wife. The milk will alsofoed three calves and a couple of pigs. Now, it must be remembered that the care of these need not prevent him from cultivating a good garden and attending to a good number of acres of cro^s besides. And it must also bo remembered, in connection with all this, that no matter how favorably the season, or how great the return from the cultivated acres may be, the profit to be •derived from. properly attended milch cows is sure and well worth -consideration. Of course, the above applies to individual beginnings . ' an indus- trv that will unavoidably merge into a co-operative dairy farming, when the creamery will be established in the centre of the tov/nship where the individual or company will gather the cream from the surrounding farmers, and employ a practical and trained butter-maker, who will produce from the uniform and unequalled cream of Alberta, the gilt-edged creamery Imtter of commerce, unsurpassed, if equalled, by any in the world. The leading features that mark out this section of Canada, as the country par excellence, for the manufacture of cheese and butter, are : 1st. The rich natural grasses on which the cows can graze the iJik. 03 n p" H > K en > C^ 2 c >• Q M n K H 42 » whole year aroimd, doing away with the necessity of artificial feed- ing. 2nd. The entire absence of highly flavored noxious weeds, the consumption of which taints the product of the dairy. 3rd. The summer temperature cooled by the mountain breezes, with the sparkling springs of cold mountain water with which the country abounds. Mirier als. THAT Aberta, like British Columbia, possesses untold wealth in her immense mineral deposit" is no longer a m.atter of specida- tion. For years past gold i . aniall but paying quantities has been found on the banks and bars of the North Saskatchewan River. Gold color is found in many of the streams and rivers of Alberta, and as the countrj^ is fchorouglily prospected there is every reason *:o suppose that rich finds will be discovered. Large veins of galena have been located which are pronounced by experts to contain a large percent- age of silver. Capital alone is wanting to make them treasuries of wealth to the country. Copper ore in enormous quantities has also been found, said to contain 60 per cent, of pure copper. Iron ore has been discovered in vari as parts of Alberta. A forty foot seam of hematite iron containing a very large percentage of ii'on, exists at the base of Storm Mountain, quite close to the Canadian Paclric Railway line, and other large seams are known to exist in the McLeod District in the vicinity of Crow's Nest Pass. As to the quantity of the coal depo: