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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. errata to I pelure, on h : 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MORGAN EXPEDITIONS, 1870-71. CH. FRED. HABTT, IN OHAROE. ON THE DEVONIAN TRILOBITES AND M0LLUSK8 or ERERE, PROVINCE OF PARA, BRAZIL, V Bv PROF. CH. FRED. HAHTT, AND RICHARD RATHBUN. y ■ [RepHntert ft-om the Annals of the Lynciim of Natoral History, N. Y., Vol. xl " Wny, 1876.] -■ ' ' Sf ' •».» I MORGAN EXPEDITIONS, 1870-71. CH. FRED. HAUTT, IN CHARGE. OM THE DKVONIAN TRILOBITES AND M0LLUSK8 OF ERERE, PROVINCE OF PARA, RRAZIL. — / Bv PROF. CII. FRED. IIARTT, AND RICHARD RATIIBUN. ilnted from tho Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, N. Y., Vol. xi, May, 1875.] ({' l^-? y \ ^^^ 0-"^. 'j,^ ,>^ V I 1. XIII.-3/orr/fln ExredUiom,mV,-'n'. On the Devonian TrilobUes and iMolluds of Ererc, Province of Para, Brazil. Ur CII. FRED. IIAUTT, Prof, of Gooloay in Cornell lliiiicveity, AND RICHARD RATIIBIIS, AssUtant In tho Museum of the RoMton Society of Nntural History. Uentl Miu-cli 1), IH/S. We have given in this puper aoscrlptions of tlic trilobilcs nndof nil the q)rjios of niolliisks, not inchuUng the hiachio- pocb, collected by the parties of the Morgan Expeditions, iu 1&:0 and '71, from the Devonian rocks of tlie plain around the little vilUigc of Erere. In the Bulletin of the Biifialo Society of Natural Scieivce, for January, 1874, Vol. I, No. 4, Prof. Hartt has described at length tho geography and geoloiiy of the Ere .(i-Montc-Alegre d'-strict, in which occur the fo'ssiliferous Devonian beds forming the plain of Erer(i. These beds consist of thin horizontal layers of white and reddish sandstones, interstratificd more or less with shales. Both the sandstones and the shales contain at a few points an abundance of fossils, clv)scly related to, and in some cases identical with, forms charnctcvi.stic of the middle Devonian rocks of North America. The bvachiopods, the most abund- ant fossils in the Ercr6 Devonian, were described by Mr. Rtithbun in the work above cited, in a paper immediately following that of Prof. ILirtt. There then remained for des- criptioi 'the mollusks, including six forms of gasteropoda and eignt of lamellibranchs, with a single form of Tentam- lites, Two forms of trilobites of the genera Dalmania and Homalonolus, both probably new, and a number of obscure forms, many of which are entirely unrecognizable. Tiie moUiisks and trilobites in the Devonian at Erer6 are confined entirely to tho sandstone, no traces of cither having (110) Ill Morgan Uxpedilions. been fouiul in the shale, in whicli the only roco^iiizahle forms are the very iibnndiint Discina and two species of Lingvla, alreiuly descriljcd. By reference to the paper on the Hracliioi)»)da of Ererii, mentioned above, it will be seen that many of the forms there described are identical with sijccies of the Devonian age, m(n-e especially the Hamilton gronp, of New York state, and that most of the remaining torms have closely related ones in these same deposits of North America. The dose relation in horizon of the middle Devonian of New York and the formations of the plain of Erere was thus demonstrated. The study of the mollnsks has greatly strengthened the proof of this relationship, for several of the forms of mollusks from Erere have proved identical with forms recently described from the Hamilton gronp of Now Yoa-k by Prof. Hall, and possibly others, now ai)parently distinct, may also turn out identical with more extended col- lections. All the genera represented, with a single excep- tion, are common to the Devonian elsewhere. We are under very many obligations to Prof. James Hall of Alliany, N. Y., for identifying for us many of the following genera, scmie of which have been recently proposed by him. He also made a comparison of the species with the Now York forms contained in his collection, and it was with his aid that we were enabled to unite the three forms, iis hereinafter indi- cated. To Mr. R. P. Whitfield, of Albany, we are also much indebted for assistance in our wwk. TRILOBITES. Oenus DALMANIA, Emmrich. Dalmania Paituna, sp. nov. Animal of medium size, sometimes quite large : test very tumid, and wltii the diflTerent lobes and segments sharply defined. Buckler crescent-shaped; greatest breadth al)out one and one-fourth the greatest length, and nearly twice tlie length of the glabella; in front sub-aeuminate or bluntly sub-angular, the margins on either side diverg- Mori/an ExpedUiona. 112 of^iiiziiblo forms iies of IJngvla, Dpodii of Erer(i, ly of the forms if Iho Devonian of New York lis Imvc closely Aniericii. The voniiin of New Ererii was thus iks has greatly , for several of 111 klentlcal with 1 group of New now ai)i)arently re extended col- a single excep- We are under Albany, N.Y., ig genera, simie him. He also ^ow York forms his aid that we liereinafter indi- ny, we are also est very tumid, and one and one-fourth le gliibellii; in front I c'itiior side diverg- ing nt first nt nil nnjjlcof iihoiit 120°, nmi ciirvinjf moilcrntcly niui ri't'iiiiirly ; posterior latenil uiijilc on elllier side prodiH'i'd hiickwarti in an acute spine. On eacli side of llie Iroiilid lolie ilie margins sonicilnies form nearly .straitjlit lines. Tlie entire niarf;iu forms a curve, nearly e<(ual to half an ellipse, in wliicli the relation between the two diameterK Ih about as 2 to 3. A specimen rather lielow the medium sl/,e ineasureii: greatest len"""; frreatest width, about 20""". .A larjicr spei iiiien 1ms a lenjith of about 21""". Glal)ella vi'ry prominent, sll;;htly llattened on top, 'ooumied by deep nxal furrows, sul)-|)entai;;onal in outline, and rounded or sub-an^idar In fnnit; widest Just l)aek of the middle of the frontal lobe, or at about one-tnird tlie leii;;th of tin.' yiabelhi from the front. 'I'lienee backward tlic tflabella narrows rejj;tdarly, the width at ocelpitid furrow beinj; n little more than half the length of tlie (glabella. Frontal lobe rouiub-d or Nub-anjiular at front and sides and very eoiive.\, curvln;; slrony;ly downward toward the margins of the head, and somellmcs obli(|Uely flattened on either side in front. Its leujjth ecpials about the imiled Icngtii of the four succeediiiK pairs of lobes, and a little more tlian two- thirds its own width. Froi, ! furrows wider than middle and basal furrows. Orijjfinaliii); lU a distance from the front ecpial to about one- third the ieii-ftli of the entire {tlabelia, they run inward and backward at a stron<{ an;L;le, terminating; near tiie middle of axis. Tliey reacli a, little more tlnin one-third across the Klal)ella. Upper and middle loben wider and more prominent than the liasal loi)e. Middle furrows situated at a dlstiuce from the front e(iual to about 3-5 the length of ylaheila, deep and rather narrow, pcrpendleular to axis, and exteiidiiij^ inward quite as far as the frontal furrows. IJasal furrows deep, curvin;^ a llitic forward, and reachinjj; to aljout one-third llie illsi;ince across fj;lal)ella, or sH^Iitly farther than do the middle furrows. Hasal lol)es narrow and much less prominent than the other lobes. Occipital lurrow deep, broad and rounded. Occipital rinj; l)road, stroii<;:ly arclieil vertically and sub-anj;ular liehind. The hiiflicst part of the }'l'i'><''hi i'^ situated at a point about l)etween the middle furrows. On tlie median line, and sliglitly in advance of frontal furrows, is a minute, more or less distinct depression, usually more marked in the internal cast. Limb forming a blunt, rounded or 8Ub-ani;ular projection in front of glabella, but narrowing down to a mere line before reaching the axal furrows. Cliecks very convex, willi a strong convex slope toward the margins; slope toward neck and axal furrows alirnpt. Tlie limb increases rather rapidly in size going l)aekwar(i from the axal furrows. l)eiitg sep- arated from cheek lobe by a well defined, broad furrow. The occipital furrow is inclined sliglitly backward, and is deep and well defined, not being extended into the nuciial spine, wliicli last is sliort, acuminate and not differentiated from cheelc. Length of '-piue, measuring from angle formed by lateral and occipital furrows, em . very large specimen has a length of sa"™. ' A few detached segments, that may belong to the thorax, were found but they are unsatisfactory for determination. ! Willi. I. Eyes lulgo qmU ter extreiiilllfft of anterior III tlif collirctloii an; they description. .siil)-(|iiailrate In form and y urtlied and s)l;,'liily aub- lort aeuniliiato uplne, ex- arly stialKlit and Iik'IIiio Ml. The IxKly of the liy. 1 from a llaltened margin. ■ re);iilar cnrve <\n follows : IS obliquely backward and lally; i)osterlorly with a tlio inaiffln. The whole d vertically. Tlie abrupt t «olng backward. Thl.s J""" in j,'reatc.st widih. A liavln;,' a length of ^l""", ibove, and, althon^di dlf- ong to an older specimen very convex. Axis nar- to side, and exteiidln-,' I'litly eqnal to 1-3 width of ally ill height posteriorly, ndcd and convex; width lie wiiith behind. In one nterior of which, in the separated by furrows of mail and indistinct pos- ogether. In none of the red, but several of these t generally of much less K'll. Furrows deep and he rings. The segments d much broader toward it angles with the axis, lorly. On the (Irst seg- n- ones not observable, each segment bei:'g ap- iar. Posterior part of and smooth; posterior long the edge. A spec- 5""n, In width, U""". a. the thorax, were found, Mnt'fjnn Expeditioim. 114 Tli(> first (listiiip'iisliiii;; fciiliirc «if tlii-* spccioa lion in tlin jrri'iit pfDiuiiioiu'c of the test, iioiii.' of tlio I'onus, with wliiili wo liiivo com pa rod it, approiu-iiiiij;; it iit all in convexity. This difforonco of cliaractor U suppK'im'ntcd l>y many otiicr.s. From Dnhnania lioothii, of tlio Hamilton ; but many specimens are larger than this. All the specimens of this form, so far obtained, are in the condition of moulds of the interior and exterior. In the in- ternal mould there is a smtdl umbilicus, probably due entirely to the removal of the columella. This form is easily recog- nized by its regular and well rounded volutions and low spire, the volutions commencing of very small size and in- creasing rapidly and regularly to the aperture. So for as we are aware the genus Holopea has not been recognized from the Devonian before ; but the smooth exterior of this form Morgan Expeditions, 116 jrossed-conical ; npl- olutloiis iibout three ifliUe, wltli tlio upper uture to ihu iiieilian oin the apex to the I: 111 are scpariiteil by slightly more convex ; preserved. This is len measuring about e been obtained, condition. Asso- us Agassizii, etc., . of Paiii, Brazil, mraandant of tlie pedition of 1870 imer Juvupcusem. )V. -conical in front view, ns about three or four increase quite rapidly ; ventricoso and sonie- , which is rather deep in outline and a little d by external moulds, s : length and breadth than this. ibtained, are in the iterior. In the in- abably due entirely irm is easily recog- volutions and low small size and in- ture. So far as we en recognized from sterior of this form prccliidos its being placed "i the geiuis Pleiirolomaria, to which it might seem to be . luted from the shape and appear- ance of the internal mould alone. Very abundant in the Devonian sandstone of Ererc, Prov. of Pani, Brazil ; associated with Spirifera Fedroana, Num- lites Ii'i/sm, etc. Dedicated to Mr. Furman of Para, a gentleman to whom both expeditions are deeply indebted. Oentis PLATYCERAS, Conrad. Platyceras symmetricum. Fhityceras symmetricum, Hall. 15lh. Ann. Rep. St. Cab., N. Y., 1862, p. 34. Description of the Erer6 form :— Shell small, argonautiform in side view, very slightly elongated and somewhat laterally compressed. From the apex, which is minute and twisted very slightly to the right of the median line, the shell Increases very rapidly in size, the ventral side of the body volution passing tangentically for a short distance beyond the last i>receding volution. Volutions about one and one-half In number, the outer one, small and much compressed where it commences, but be- coming gradually less compressed and more fully rounded toward the apertu^-e, enlarging rapidly at the same time. The aperture is oval in out- line, with the sinistro-dextral diameter a little less than the dorso-ventral. The margin is apparently sinuous, but is defective in the specimen. Exte- rior surface of shell not preserved. Surface of internal mould of body volution not very irregular, somewhat rugose and traversed near the front by numerous, rather indistinct growth lines, which bear on each side a few deep, rounded flexures. To these flexures a few short, irregular, longitu- dinal undulations near the aperture appear to correspond. There is a slight prominence, probably the impression of the base of a spine, just on the left of the dorsal line, midway between the aperture and the beginning of the outer volution. Dimensions: greatest lengtli from anterior mar- gin of aperture, 19"'™; dorso-ventral diameter of aperture, 13.5"""; sinistro-dextral diameter of same, 12 '»"'. Only one specimen of Platt/ceras, the one described above, was obtained from Erere. It agrees with P. symmetricum of Hall, Hamilton group, N. Y., in being symmetrical and in having the same numbor and character of volutions ; but it is much smaller than any specimen of P. symmetricum from the Hamilton group which we have seen, and more per- I ;:f h 117 Morgan Expeditions. T feet specimens, preserving the shell, may show it to be dis- tinct from that species. From the Devonian sandstone of Erer6, Prov. of Para, Brazil ; associated with Spirifera Pedroana, etc. Genus BELLEROniON, Montfort. Bellerophon Morganianus> sp. nov. Shell of small to raeillum size. sul)globose, with the umbilical openings small but rather deep. Body volution generally somewhat broadly flat- tened along the baciv, sometimes moderately rounded and curving abruptly to the umbilicus. It increases rapidly in size toward the aperture, where It expands quite abruptly, making tlic aperture hirge and apparently transversely sub-elliptical in outline. Surface covered with minute, rounded, transverse, parallel, raised lines, which first curve slightly for- ward from an indistinct, median dorsal baml. and then extend nearly directly to the edge of the unil)ilicai openings. Of a nearly perfect speci- men of medium size, the greatest length from the outer edge of tlie aperture is about 17 ■""' ; slnistro-dextral diameter of aperture of same specimen, about 10 """. Tins Brazilian species of Bdlerophon appears to he closely related to B. leda of Hall, Ilainillon group. New York, and is of about the same size as that species. The body volu- tion of ^. Morganianufi is, however, generally larger where it commences than is the case in B. leda, and the revolving raised lines arc entirely wanting in the former species. Obtained in great abundance from the Devonian sandstone of Erer6, Prov. of Para, Brazil ; associated with Spirifera Pedroana, etc. Dedicated respectfully to Mr. Edwin B. Morgan, of Aurora, N. Y. Bellerophon Coutinhoanus, sp. nov. Shell rather small, subgiobose, trilobed. The outer vo'utlon increases rapidly toward the aperture, and is divided Into three longitudinal lobes, of which the middle or dorsal lobe Is about two-thirds tlie width of the whorl itsell, and is prominent, sharply defined at its margins and very regularly rounded. The lateral lobes curve regularly and quite al)ruptly from the dorsal lobe to tlie umbilical openings. Size of the most perfect specimen, which Is not, however, the largest one obtained: greatest length n-om near the outer edge of the aperture, about 15 '"'"; width of the outer volution near the aperture, nearly 15 '""■. show it to be dis- S, Prov. of Para, a, etc. >rt. , nov. he umbilical openings )niewliat broadly flat- l and curvlnjj; abruptly d ihe aperture, where hirge and apparently ;overcd with minute, rst curve sllglitly for- d tlieu extend nearly a nearly perfect spect- er edge of tlie aperture ire of same specimen, pears to be closely p, New York, and . The body volu- } rally larger where and the revolving iner species. )evonian sandstone icd with Spiriftra u B. Morgan, of p. nov. liter v'ution increases ree longitudinal lobes, lliirds tlie width of the , its margins and very irly and quite al)ruptly Via of the most perfect lie obtained: greatest about 15 '""'; width of Morgan Expeditions. 118 Although !i ninnber of specimens of this species of i?eZ/ero- phon were obtained from Ererci, the aperture is not preserved in any of them, and the umbilical openings, if such existed, are covered up by the i-ock in every case. The specimens arc all of internal moulds and the surface markings are not retained. B. Coutinhoamis is very closely allied to B. trilohalus of Sow., Devonian of Europe, more especially to the variety tumidus, from which, however, it differs in hav- ing the dorsal lobe broader, less prominent, and more flat- tened along the top, with its margins more distinctly defined. From the Devonian sandstone of Erere, Prov. of Para, Brazil ; associated with Nuculiten N'yssa, etc. Respectfully dedicated to Dr. Silva do Coutinho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bellerophon Qilletianus, sp. nov. Shell very small, laterally compressed, somewhat lenticular in form and sub-circular in outline; umbilical openings of medium size, deep. The outer volution commences very small, somewhat compressed and more or less angular on the median dorsal line, and Increases rapidly in prominence but quite gradually in width, becoming more and more strongly angular toward the aperture, where It is but slightly expanded. The summit of the mesial prominence is often well rounded, but sometimes acute, while on each side is generally a very shallow accompanying groove, growing more pronounced toward the aperture, and which gives to the shell near the mouth a somewhat trilobed appearance. The surface of the shell is marked by numerous, very fine, rounded, thread-like, concentric raised lines, which arch very strongly backward from tlie umbilici to the median dorsal line, where the corresponding ones on each side unite in a curve. Of the largest specimen obtained, the greatest diameter, wlilch is from tlie outer margin of the aperture to the opposite side of the shell, is about 10 """; width of the body volution near the aperture, about 5 ">">. Most of the speclnieus, however, are much smaller than this. B. roliformis of De Kou., Europe, resembles the species just described in size and general appearance, but it is more lenticular in shape and the whorls increase more rapidly iu size. The umbilical openings are also smaller and the slope toward them is much less abrupt. I ' (i Mil I B: i! ! 119 Morgan Expeditions. Moderately nbnndant in the Devonian sandstone of Ercr6, Prov. of Para, Brazil; associated Avitli J^ucuUles Nysm, Spirifera Peilroana, etc. Named after M. Leon Gillet, Prof. Hartt's able and oblig- ing agent at Para. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Genus NUCULITES, Courad. Nuculites Nyssa. Miculites Kyssa, Hnll. Lamell. Sliells of the U. Held., Ham. and Chem. Groups, etc., 18G0. (Preparatory for the Paleontology of N. Y.) Description of Erer6 specimens :— Shell of medium size, longitudinally sub-ovato (II sub-triangular in outline, and of moderate convexity. Ante- rior margin well rounded and narrower than the posterior. The dorsal margin, curving slightly, extends obliquely backwards from the beak to the posterior extremity of the shell, a short distance above the termina- tion of the median antero-posterior diameter. The ventral margin is mod- erately rounded and, together with the anterior and posterior margins, forms an elliptical curve. Beaks about oue-fourth the length from the anterior extiemity, with the apices acute and strongly incurved to the hinge line. "Valves most convex at a point just above and anterior to the raiu'clle. The surface arches rapiilly and more or less regularly from the ventral margin to the beak, but is generally a little more strongly curved in the umbonal region, and is broadly flattened, rounding suddenly to the dorsal margin. The slope toward the posterior margin is convex and more abrupt than toward the ventral margin ; toward the anterior margin it Is still more abrupt, becoming gradually concave near the beaks. The septum, curving very slightly, and with its concave side forward, extends down nearly two-thirds the shell hpight, cutting the autero-poste- rlor diameter at about one-fourth its length from the front. Surface smooth or marked with a few indistinct lines of growth. Length, 24 ■""> ; height, 17 ■"■" ; depth of single valve, 5 '"'". Specimens of larger size are numerous. This species of Nuculites, which is the most common lamellibranch at Ererd, proves to be identical withiV^, Nyssa of Hall, found in the Hamilton group, New York. We arc indebted to Prof. Hall for the identirication of the forms from the two places. inclstone of Ercrd, ^uculUes J^i/saa, tt's able and oblig- Ileld., Ham. and Chem. logy of N. Y.) urn size, longitudinally rate convexity. Ante- posterior. The dorsal rards from the beal4 to icc above the terinlna- ventral margin is mod- uid posterior margins, ;h the length from the rongly incurved to the ove and anterior to the or less regularly from a little more strongly lied, rounding suddenly erior margin is convex n; toward the anterior concave near the beaks. concave side forward, uttlng the autero-poste- )m the front. Surface rowth. Length, 24 ■"">; mens of larger size are the most common itical with iV^ N^yssa G\v York, identi neat ion of the f Morgan Expedillons. 120 Abundant in the Devonian sandstone of Erore, Prov. of Para, Brazil, with Spirifera Fedroaim, Slrej^tGrhynchus Arjassizii, etc. Nuculites Ererensis, sp. nov. Shell small, elongate, nearly twice as long as high, snb-elllptical in outline, the margins forming quite a regular elliptical curve, broken by the slight upward extension of tlie beaks. Dorsal margin oblique and nearly straight. Beaks situated about one-tliird the lengtli from the anterior margin, small, only slightly incurved, and apparently not reach- ing to the hinge line. The convexity of the valves is moderate, being greatest just below the nmbonal region. The septum extends (iownwards for about three-llfths the lieiglit of the valves, and intersects the antero- posterior diameter at a little less than one-third its lengtli from the front. Length, 13"""; height, 8"""; depth of single valve, nearly 3">'". This species of J^ucuUtes is readily distinguished from the last one above described, JV. iVyMn of Hall, by its elongate form and nearly elliptical outline, and by the absence of any flattening along the middle. Only two specimens have yet been obtained. These are both inter- nal moulds of the left valve, and the surface markings are not preserved upon them. Found, with 8pirifera Pedroana, etc., in the Devonian sandstone of ErertS, Prov. of Para, Brazil. Qenus GRAMMYSIA, De Verneuil. Grammysia (Pholadella?) parallela. Grammysia parallela, Hail. Lamell. Shells of the U. Held., Ham. and Chem. Groups, etc., 1809. (Preparatory for the Palajontology of N. Y.) Shell small, elongate, about two-thirds as higli as long, with the greatest height at the beaks. Valves moderately convex, the surface arching strongly from the beaks to the ventral margin, but being rather more ab- ruptly curved In the upper portion. The beaks are situated at about one- fourth or one-flfth the length of the shell from the anterior extremity, and project but little above the hinge margin; they arc small, rather strongly arcuate and turned somewhat abruptly forward, with the apices acute and contiguous. Dorsal margin straiglit and extending directly backward. The anterior margin extends oblhiuely forward in its upper half, forming at the beaks an angle of about 135° with the dorsal margin, and is slightly T 121 Morgan Expeditions, concave; It rounds somcwhnt abruptly to the ventral mnrsiii below, which Is moderately curved anterlovly, l)ut becomes nearly straight and subpar- allel with ihc dorsal marjjin along the middle of the shell Pofteriorly the ventral margin appears to round up more or loss stronj.ly toward the dorsal margin, but In none of the specimens obtained, is the posterior ex- tremity of the shell perfectly preserved. From a lino, extending obliquely across the valves, from just behind the beuks to th^- lower postertoi ex- tremity of the shtii, and forming an angle of about 30° with the dorsal margin, the surface curves moderately anle toward the ventral margin, toward wldch tlie slope, for nearly the whole lii-lght of the valve, near the middle, is only slightly curved; toward the front, the slope is much stronger and it becomes concave in front of, and beneath, the beaks. Commencing at the anterior margin, the surface rises at a moderately strong angle for one-flftli the sliell length, more or less, when, the angle of ascent becoming gradually less, it continues to rise with very little curvature toward an obliiiue line, extending across the valve from the posterior side of the beak to the lower posterior extremity of the shell. Along this line the valve roinids over toward the dorsal and posterior margins, quite gradually in the lower part, but more and more abruptly near the beak, the curve, from the point of greatest convexity of the valve towaisterior three- fourths, is nearly straight. 'J'he posterior margin is .sligiitiy con- vex, and extends obliquely backward from the dorsal margin, with which It forms an angle e(|nal to about that at tlie beaks, and curves abrujilly to the ventral margin. Beaks very small, obtuse and no. produced above the hinge line. The valves are (|nlte convex, the snrfico rising rapidly from the ventral and anterior margins on the one side, and from the dorsal and posteri(tr margins on the other, toward a line running obliquely across the valves from the beaks to the lower posterior oxtrumity. Along tills line the valves are sometimes angular, at others they a,'e regularly and strongly rounded; generally, however, they are angular near the beaks and become gradually rounded and flattened posteriorly. Above, the surface slopes to the dorsal margin very abruptly and is concave just behind the jjcaks, but tlie slope becomes more ami more gradual toward the posterior extremity, and, from very slightly concave at Hrst, it changes to very slightly convex posteriorly. The lower and anterior portion of the valves is sometimes broadly flatt<.iied. Surface marked with numer- ous concentric lines of growth. Length, 30""°; height, IC"""; depth of single valve, 5""". Tliesc dimensions are of the largest specimen found j most of the specimens are much smaller. I tills species, which Edmouilia, has been one, it hiis been po8- al chiiiTA-ters of the f distlnguishtMl from yet found nt Erero, ib-cc;itral bciiks. [•re, Prov, of P'lra, or Jose GuiiUllno dii lany obligations. C. Hall. , sp. nov. Inurnl In outline. From urtli the length from the tlie posterior end of the hs the len,i!th of the .shell tlveslxths tlmt nt end of )l)ll(iue for about one-half l)ont \'Ky° with the dorsal ;ln, which, In Its posterior ir margin is slightly con- lorsal margin, with which ks, and curves al)rHplly to and no. produced above the surfice rising rapidly e one side, and from the rd a line running obliquely jsterior oxiremity. Along otliers they a.-e regularly ley are angular near the ened posteriorly. Above, ruptly and Is concave just and more gradual toward concave at llrst, it changes !r and anterior portion of rface marked with numer- "o ; height, IC'™ ; depth of e largest specimen found ; Morgan Expeditions. 194 Tills form of Modiomorp/ia, which Is quite abundant at Erer6, althougii very coiLsfant In its outline, varies consid- er!ii)Iy in its .surface characters, as described al)ove. The specimens obtained are all moulds of the interior and ex- terior. Associated with NimdileH Kysm, iSpiriJem Pedro- ana, etc., in the Devoniiin sandstone of Ererc, Prov. of Para, IJrazil. Niimed in lionoi ti Senlior Pimenta Biieiio of Para, to whom the oxpediliona are under obligations. Geims PALiEANEILO, Hall. Pateeaneilo sulcata, sp. nov. Shell of moderate size, elongate, slightly gibbous, and apparently .sub- elliptical in outline, with the height less than two-thirds the length. Dorsal mar;;in Inclining slightly downward in extending backward from the beaks. The anterior nnirgin appears to be slightly concave, for about one- third Us length from the beaks, and forms an angle of nearly 120° with the dor.sal margin; in its lower two-thirds it is well and regularly rounded. Ventral margii! nearly straight and suddenly indented toward the posterior extremity of the shell, which Is imperfect In all the speci- mens of this species yet obtained. Beaks situated at a disUuice from the front, equal to a little less than ludf the height of tin- sji;.l!. i|ii;i,. pTm. inent .-.".d incurved to the hinge line. The valves are most convex just above and anterior to the middle, with the surface arching quite strongly nnd regularly, the c'rvn'.ure, however. Increasing somewhat in strength, from the ventral margin to the beaks. A rather deep and will marked sinus commences in each valve on the posterior side of the beak, where it is very small, and extends obliquely across the valve to tiie ventral margin, near the posterior extremity of the shell, Increasing gradually In size at the same time, the margin being deeply Indented by it. The an- terior edge of the sinus is quite abrupt and forms a slight fold oii the surface of the valve; it makes an angle of about 30° with tlie dorsal margin of the shell; the posterior edge rounds over gradually. From the anterior margin of the valve the surface rounds up gradually for a short distance, and then extends with very little curvature to the sinus.. Surface of mould smooth. Length, about 17"""; height, 11-5 """; depth of each valve, 3 5 """. This species of lamelllbranch has the external characters of the genus Palceaneilo, but the specimens representing it are not in a condition to show the character of the hiii<»e, I , I il,^ I:' ^ ti 125 wn Expeditions. wliicli Is crcmilniod m tliat gomi«. Only ii few specimens have been obtaiiictl. From the Devonian sandistono of Ercit-, Prov. of Faia, Brazil ; associated with Stveptovhyndius Agonnizii, etc. PaleeanoiloP simplex, si>. no v. Slic'U of meclluin size, ilonsiitc, quite rcsuliirly siib-i'lllptlcnl In outline Bnd of moUcrutc couvi'xlty ; height ubont twotlilnU ll.<- Iniuftli Antiilor miirfjin not *lnK grnduiilly Into the "ventral nnirKln, wl.lch Is renuliirly and nioderuK'ly rounded. The dorsid n.ar«lu Is nearly straight and extends directly backwards from th« beak- Its length Is less than one-half that ol the shell. Heaks situated at about one-thud the length of the shell from the anterior cud, quite small rather strongly Incurved to the plane of the hinge, and slightly elevated abov^ the hinge margin, with the apices acute. The point of Kfcatest convexity of the valves Is just above the ndddle. The curvature of the surfu 0 from tho ventral margin to the beaks Is moderate and nearly regular, growing gradually stronger, however, toward the beaks. The curvature along the anteroposterior diameter Is quite moderate and regular, the slopes toward the anterior and posterior margins from tho middle being sub-equal. Toward the dorsal margin the slope Is moderate posterlorlv, but grows gradually stronger as the beaks are approached, just behhld which It is very abrupt. Immediately In front of the beaks the surface Is slightly concave. Surface markings unknown ; the surface of the Internal moulds Is quite smooth. Length, l(i">"'; height, 12»""; depth of single vulve, 3 ">"'. The above description of this form was made from a single, very perfect specimen, an internal mould of the left° valve, in which, liowevcr, the characters of the hinge are not preserved. The generic relations of the species are thus rendered doubtful; but it agrees externally with Prof. Hall's genus Palceaneilo in which we place it pro- 'vlsionally. Besides the single specimen just mentioned, there are four or five other specimens of lumellil)rauchs from Erere, which apparently belong to this same species. In them the beak is sometimes more acute, and the curva- ture of the surface varies sliglitly. In all the other char- acters they agree quite ijcrfectly. This form of Palceaneilo Illy i\ few spocimons vcvd, Prov. of Fara, s ^IffaxHiaii, etc. . nov. y siib-i'lllptlciil In outline InU llic li'iiu;tli AntiTior Lli iiiitc'ilor anil po-sti'ilor ml im.s.xluff grndiiully Into lodtTiitrly rouiulLMl. The L'clly biickvviinls I'loni the he Khcll. Hfiiks sltuiiteil II the luiteilor ciul, ert^ Prov. of ParA, Brazil ; associated with iSpiri/era Pedroana, etc. Oenm TP^NTACULITKS, SeMotheiin. Tentaoulites Bldredgianus, i«p. nov. Sliell smuli, rather long, straight, circular In cross-sectlon, at least I""" In diameter nt the larger end, and tapering very gradiuilly to an aeut« point. Length of the most perfect specimen, u fragment, about 10™™. Annulntlons narrow, quite prominent, and angular or sllgluly rounded on tlie summit; the Interspaces are generally about twice as wide aa the annulatious, thout^. tbey vary somewhat in wkltli, and are flattened or a little rounded in tli« bottom ; they are ornamented l)y ttne aniMilur raised lines, of which there are about four or Ave in each Interspace, near the larger end of the specimen. The annulations decrease in size) hut become more numerous toward tlie n|>ex. Tlicue are about 5 to 7 In the space of 3'""' near the large end. The specimens of this species, so far ol»tain- \ ate from the sandstone, in which they exist .-.s moulds of > lo exterior surface, generally filled up with clay or sandy material. The moulds usually preserve the impression of the annu- lations very sharply; the annular raised lines, however, are seldom preserved. The casts formed by the filling up of the moulds are never exact copies, but in them the an- nulutions are almost always low and rounded. The fidl length is not preserved in any of the specimens obtained, but it was probably not rmoh gretitei- than 16'"". Although the distance between the innulations varies, the variation is never very great, and \h generally regular through the same specimen, the interspaces becoming gradually narrower . toward the apex. From the sandstone of the Devonian age, Erer6, Prov. of Pari, Brazil ; associated with Spirifera Pedroana, etc. 127 Mnrfjan ExpnlHiom. I \) 1 .1! \ r I Dc)y, frafrment« of wood, cte. They are all, however, in such a poor state of preservation, that it wonid be iniwiHe to attempt anythinj? beyond a mere notiee of their appearaneo. The erinoitlal reinains (>eenr as impressions of the detached disks of the columns, which arc small and thin, and it is seldom that more than two or three of the disks arc found together. The central canal is generally replaced by sandy material, but none of the surface markings are retained. Diameter of disks, about 2'r) to ;V""' ; thickness of each, about •.')'""'. The test of Beijrkhia (?) is small, sul)-ovato in outline, with a slight dei)ression near one end. The surface, though imper- fect in all the specimens obtained, seems to have been granu- losc, Diameter of a medium spceimen, 2""". The remains that have been referred to with doubt as plants have no definite or de8eril)able shapes and are probably fucoidal. Many of tho other fragments obtained will undoubtedly be explained with the aid of new collections from the same locality. ^ rin^ [Piinted *t the Salkm Pkmr, May. 1876.] i ^^•^^ B of Prf»f. llartt'8 1870. lined from tho Do- •li it is impossible • iilontify, lur frajjf- 1 of a form which Coy, fra