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DEC iv i«y«

Q.

SERIES III

or JVLY AVGVST
AND SEPTEMBER

i>*'

\

0(^1TH LIFE
SIZE PEN AND
INK STVDIES
FROM NATVRE

BY

F.5CHVYLEP.riATHE.W5

TABER- PRANG ART CQ

B05T0N & SPRING Fi ELD, MASS.

^ r-iPJOMT 18')'*B,TABE!<pRANGAinCg.fiO'-,T'^N,iJ?A

M

f^n^tw •— -■-••i^»»

tECONH OWY.
Itttt.

~.,,.ji,^:*M}iii^:.^:s;i'-»^-^i'-^^^''* jte-ii<<p»*-" -

AYSIDE

Flowers

SERIES in. BEING A DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN
WILD FLOWERS THAT BLOOM IN
JULY. AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER ^ J»

^^''

BY F^ SCHUYLER MATHEWS j» ^ ^
ILLUSTRATED WITH PEN AND INK
DRAWINGS FROM NATURE BY THE
AUTHOR ^ jkjf.j-J'J-Jf-J^J^^J^

TABER- PRANG ART CP
BOSTON & SPRINOri ELD, MASS.

I •wijwi.wswj' Ji'.Jw-J -•

3H766

CoPYPJOHT 1898 er FABER-PrasgArt Co Ba^roN.u.SA

CiK}l^.

7r''\'-i^tii

A

i

«l

_, ■ -^ - ■■■

A

V «i

^

. . i-

Nfl

i-

.varfto^

WAYSIDE FLOWERS.

PREFACE. SERIES III.

|N early August some of the big summer
weeds have begun to show their tall
heads along the. wayside. Among the

first which appear are the common

milkweed and its near relation the aesthetic, crimson-
toned swamp milkweed. The daisy fleabane has now
expanded to consi.lerable proportions, and the golden-
rayed Rudbeckia waves its head above the thin grass-
blades of some sandy field too poor for the farmer
to cultivate. It is fortunate that nature lavishes her
innocent gold where it is not endangered by the
mowing-machine.

Now is the time when the wild rose spreads its
garlands over the old weather-beaten stone wall, and
gives us entrancing bits of color harmony in pink and
gray; and when the roses are gone the fireweed

picks up the keynote of color and continues a soberer
rendering of it in pale magenta.

There are still some of the daintier flowers which
abide with us, and the frail Sabbatias, the Chrysopsis,
the milkwort, and the Cerardia dot the wayside with
charming bits of pink and yellow. The purple-blue
heads of lUunella are always in evidence all summer
long, and the meadow beauty continues to bloom.
But some of the larger weeds are now showing their
strength, and before long they will be peeping over
the fence into the neighlwring field, counting their
chances of wafting a few seed where there seems to
be more elbow room. White snake- root, and its
relative, Joe I'ye-weed are now in their prime; but
before long the golden-rod will try to choke them out,
of life. Golden- rod demands ai/ the wayside !

F. Schuyler Mathews.

(1>

I

mammmmx'm fe. . . .. j,. .ij.iww.t". miuiMRW-'w

Series 3.

Black-eyed Susan

Ruiibeckia Mita.

Rattlesnake Plantain.

Goodyera pukiscens.

I

Rattlesnake Plantain.

Goedyira pubiscens.

Black-eyed Susan.

Rudbickia Mrta.

Family . . COM POSIT^E, Composite.

Color . . . Deep golden-yellow, madder-brown

center.
Blooim . . July, early August. , . . , .

Environment, Meadows, pastures, and old fields,

poor soil.
Height . . I ft. to 2 ft.
Habitat . . Me. to Wis., and southward.

Character : Very rough, hairy stems and lea-
ves! stiff.

Rattlesnake Plantain.

Goodyira pubiscens.

Family . . ORCHIDACEiE, Orchis.

Color . . . Greenish-white.

Blooms . . July.

Environment, Woods, under evergreens, and damp

rich woods.
Height . . 6 ins. to 12 ins.
Habitat , . Me. to Fla., west to Mich, and Minn.
Character: A white-veined, dull blue olive-
green leaf; insignificant flower-spike.

(3'

I

W!~"WBWW<H«SI!IB

Series 3.

American Centaury.

Saibitia chlorehies.

Slender Sabbatia.

Satbih'a %racilit.

ia«

»i

American Centaury.

Sabbdtia chlorohiei.

GENTIANACEi*:, Gentian.

Crimson-pink, rarely white, green-
yellow center edged with ochre,
golden stamens.

July.

Borders of brackish ponds.

I ft. to 2 ft.

Mass. to Fla. and Ala.
Character : The largest and most beautiful of
the genus. Delicate flowers ; wiry or firm
stems.

F»roily
Color

Bloonw ' '
Environment,
Height .
Habitat

Sea Pink.

Sabbdtia stfllAris.

Family . . GENTIANACE/t:, Gentian.

Color , ■ . Pink, of crimson tone, rarely white,

marked like S. chleroidts.
Bloom« . . July, early August.
Environment, Salt marshes.
Height . . 10 ins. to 1 4 ins.
Habitat . . Mass, to Fla.

Character : Loosely branched , calyx lobes

usually one-half the '.piigth of corolla.

Difficult to distinguish from the next. (See

" Gray's Manual.")

i^i

Slender Sabbatia.

V

? ..

Slender Sabbatia.

SabbUfia gnici/is.

Family . • GENTIANACE^",, Gentian.

O.lor . . . Pink, of crimson tone, rarely white,

marked like S. chler tides.

Hlnonw . . July, early August.

Knvironment. Brackish marshes.

Height . . 9 ins. to 1 4 ins.

Habitat . . Nantucket, Mass., and N.J. to Fla.,

and La.
Character : Stem very slender ; calyx lobes a«
long a& corolla. (Sec Gray.)

(5)

wmxmnimsammm

Series 3.

Wild Swamp Rose,

Hha Carolines.

Qolden Aster.

^ ' Chrysipsis /aUila.

Family . •
Color . . .
'Blooms . .
Environment,
Height . .
Habitat . .
Character

Wild Swamp Rose.

' Rhsa Carolina.

ROSACE^E, Rose.

Pale or deeper pink.

July- August.

Borders of swamps and streams.

I ft. to 7 ft. ; usually tall.

Me. to Fla., west to Minn, and Miss.

• Variable, somewhat narrow dull

green leafage ; seed-receptacle globose.

Qolden Aster.

Chrysdpsis falciita.

Family . • COMPOSIT;^, Composite.
Color . . . Golden yellow.
Blooms . . Late July, August.
Environment, Dry, sandy soil on the coast.
Height . . 4 ins. to ic ins.
Habitat . . Pine barrens of N. J. to Nantucket
and Cape Cod, Mass.
Character : Low, somewhat spreading ; very
wooly, gray stems.

in Aster.

'sis ftUthta.

(7;

MiiiiMiii

BMMJW,uiiimli>Wiii

^■■fe ,»-ji. 4 fii;fi.",- rfa' ^L^*1<"«ft'b;a^^■• •»■

Series 3.

I

iCMWMfiMMittnaai

Common Milkweed.

AscHpias CornUH.

Family . . ASCLEPIADACEif:, Milkweed.
Color . . . Lilac brown and very pale dull lilac.
Blooms . . July-August.
Environment, Rich ground, roadsides and meadows,

copses.
Height . . 2 ft. to 5 ft.
Habitat . . Common.

Character : Rigid ; cottony surface to leaves and
stem.

r9)

Series 3.

5elf-Heal.

Brunilla vulgMs

Bell Heather.

Er'ua tittirea.

Milkwort.

Pt<l\'gala potygama.

M^sa^^^i < 'trntmsmtMrn

Mi«iiWN0^«k.iWM)«lie»!9iiiiiiRMUjiiMii

. .►■^■^V*B>■^.'-A■K=.J

1

le

Bell Heather.

Er'ua (ittirea.

f

9-

Self-Heal.

Brunella vulgiiris.

FamUy . . LABIATiE, Mint.

Color . . . Purple, rarely white, in a somewhat

rusty-leafy head.
Blooms . . July-September; southward in June.
Environment, Roadsides, borders of fields, borders

of woodlands.
Height . . 6 ins. to 10 ins.
Habitat . . Me. to Fla., and west.
Character : Low and spreadmg.

Bedstraw.

Gilium asprillum.

RUBIACEiE, Madder.

White.

July- August.

Damp, shady ground near streams,

alluvial soil.
Climbing about 4 ft.
Northern New England to N. C,

west to Minn., Iowa and Mo.
Character : A rough, sticky, tender vine.

Family . .
Color . . .
Klooms . .
Environment,
Height . .
Habitat . .

Family . •
Color . . .
Blooms . .
Environment,

Height . .
HabiUt . .

Bell Heather.

Erica cinirea.

ERICACEAE, Heath.
Lavender-pink, or pinkish purple.
July-August.
Low, sandy ground.
8 ins. to 10 ins.

Nantucket only, adventive from
Europe.
Character: Small evergreen shrub; minute, firm
leafage.

Milkwort.

Polygala pofygama.

POLYGALACE-*;, Milkwort.
Dull, crimson-red, aesthetic in tone.
July-August.
Dry, sandy soil.
6 ins. to 9 ins.
Common.

Character : Leafy, with fertile root-flowers also.
(See Gray.)

Family . ■
Color . . .
Blooms . .
Environment,
Height . .
Habitat . .

(11)

. I

iiiu—iiiiiii nil ■iiMi niaWMWiMM

miitiiiij.Jn»ii

tr-*aw"

-■ - ■<-■- -g-^----^»»»»T-^

Series 3.

"ill

I

'■

Daisy, Pleabane

EtigeroH shigbsus.

IMMUfcimWW

' /■■HI n,l(/"'' '-' -' ' iSy

Swamp Milkweed.

4sclipias incttrnala.

\

Daisy, Pleabane.

Erlgeron s/iigbsus.

Family . . COMPOSITE, Composite.

Color . . . White, sometimes tinged lilac.

Blooms . . July-September.

Environment, Fields and foadsides.

Height . . I ft. to 1 8 ins.

Habitat . . Common.

Character : Miniature, daisylike, thinly leaved.

Swamp Milkweed.

Asclepias incarnata.

ASCLEPIADACEi€, Millcweed.
Dull, whitish crimson, aesthetic in
tone.

Family . .
Color . . .

Blooms . .
Environment,
Height
Habitat . .

July-August.
Swamps.
2 ft. to 3 ft.
Common.

Character : Leafy, and nearly or quite smooth.

(13>

f

Series 3.

*s

I ^ FIreweed.

Epilbbiuin anguslifhlium.

Hairy Wlllowherb.

EpilhUum hirtiitum.

Si

^

f

Hairy Willow-herb.

EpWbbium hirsiitum.

FIreweed.

Epilbbium angusH/hlium.

Family . . ONAGRACE^, Evening Prim-
rose.
C-olor . . . M;^enta, lighter, or rarely white.
Bloomi . . July-August.

Environment. In waste places, and fire-swept wood-
land openings.
Height . . 3 ft. to 7 ft.

HaWut . . Me. to N. C, west to Minn., east-
ern Kan., and far north.
Character: Willowlike foliage, drooping sta-
mens and pistil, seed-pod long and curved,
wildly white-silky after bursting.

Family

Hairy Willow-herb.

Epilhbium hirsiitum.
ONAGRACEiE, Evening

Prim-

rose.

Color . . . Magenta, pale or deeper, of a crim-
son tone.
July-August.

Waste ground, roadsides near villages.
3 ft. to 5 ft.

Eastern States, naturalized from
Europe.
Character : Stout branching, and soft-hairy.

Blooms
Environment,
Height .
HabiUt .

(15)

mammamn

^1 .^i';__'^, ^. ' ^"t^a^'-"- -''"■■' V ' "

Series 3.

I

Meadow Beauty, Deergrass

Rhixia Virglnica.

Cardinal Flower

Lobtlia (ardinhlis.

1

inimiiMrtiiiliKtMB iffnurK

Meadow Beauty. Deergrass.

Rhexia yirginua.

Family . . MELASTOMACEi?':, Melastoma.
Color . . . Magenta, paler or deeper, purplish.
Bloom* . . July-August.
Environment, Sandy swamps.
Height . . 6 ins. to 20 ins.
Habitat . . Mc. to Fla. along the coast, west to
northern N. Y., Ind., Mo. and La.
Character: Stem square, flowers and stems
with slight hairiness. '

Cardinal Flower.

Lob'ftia cardiniilis.

Family . . LOBELIACEiE, Lobelia.

Color . . . Intense red, very rarely pink or even

white.
Blooms . . August-September.
Environment, Low grounds, beside bogs.
Height . .18 ins. to 4 ft.
Habitat . . Common. The most intensely red

wild flower.
Character : Flowers in spikes ; foliage dark and
dull.

(17)

ijjimiHiiiiirniinii

^

rm

J

m

Turtlehead.

Chelbne glibra.

Jcwelwced. Touch-me-not.

Impdtitns pdUid0r

Family . . GERANIACEi^, Geranium.
Color . . . Hale golden-yellow, spotted terra-
cotta.
Bloomi . . July-September.
Environment, Moist shady places, bending over rills,

rich soil.
Height . . 2 ft. to 4 ft.
Hkbitat . . Common northward.

Character: Pale blue-green leaves, which ap-
pear jeweled under water, limp, watery-stem-
med, often covered with purplish-blue bloom,
fading quickly.

Turtlehead.

Chelhne gldhra.

Family . . SCROPHULARIA, Figwort.

Color . . . White, dull pinkish or lilac-pink
tinged.

Bloomi . . August-September.

Environment, Wet places, roadsides, river banks.

Height . . I ft, to 2 ft., rarely 6 ft. or 7 ft.

Habitat . . Me. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.
Character: A tunle-back-shaped flower, re-
motely resembling Gtntiana AnJrnusii ; tall,
smooth stem.

C19)

multm

IF-

-tTA ■■■ -Iff a*."»r*

Series ^Y'^

11

li

I

i

I

llii

Purple Qerardia.

Geriirt/ia furfurea.

MM

ite 5nake-root.

(irium ageraloidts.

Purple Gerard la.

Gerdrdia purpurea.

Family . . SCROPHULARIACE/E, Figwort.
Color . . . Magenta-purple, and purple, lighter

or deeper.
Bloomi . . August-September.
'Environment, Low grounds, roadsiJes.
Height . . I ft. to 2 ft.
Habiut . . Near the coast, from Me. to N. J.,

and in region of the Great Lakes.
Character : Somewhat downy flowers ; long, rigid
and widely spreading branches.

White Snake-root.

Eupatbrium ageratoides.

Family . . COMPOSITE, Composite.
Color . . . White.

Bloonu . . August.

Environment, Woodlands, copses.
Height . . 2 ft. to 3 ft., rarely 4 ft.
Habitot . . Common northward.

Character: Smooth branching, long-stemmed
leaves ; ageratumlike flowers.

rei)

,.A^„»i;^j,:.a t;-''ir :i ■"■"^v^ftS

?! I

Series 3.

ii I

Brythr*a.

Erythraa sficaitt

Sea Lavender. Marsh Rosemary.

Statiee Limcnium var. Carfllinedna.

•^MMBBKltigtilHiiaiM*'-.-

M

IMHW

^^■mii.f&>i-

^

\y

Erythrsea.

Erythraa spicdta.

Family . . GENTIANACEiE, Gentian.
Color . . . Pink or reddish magenta.
Bloomf . . August.
Environment, Sandy soil, and seashore.
Height . . 6 ins. to 10 ins.
Habitat . . Nantucket, Mass., and Portsmouth.
Va., naturalized from Europe.
Character : Flowers spiked along one side of
the simple or rarely forked branches

Yellow or Mop Clover.

Trifoli.tm agrarium.

Family . . LEGUMINOSif:, Pulsc.

Color . . . Pale, dull golden-yellow.

Bloom* . . July-September.

Environment, Sandy fields and roadsides.

Height . . 5 ins. to I ft.

Habitat . . Me. to Va., naturalized from Europe.

Character : Low, spreading.

Sea Lavender. Marsh Rosemary.

Stdtice Limonium var. Carolineana.

Familie . . PLUMBAGINACEvE, Leadwort.
Color . . . Lavender, much eclipsed by the green

stems.
Blooms . . August-September.
Environment, Salt marshes.
Height . . I ft. to 2 ft.

Habitat . . Along the coast from Me. to Tex.
Character: Very branchy, naked stems; tiny
flowers.

(23)

r. Marsh Rosemary.

mm var. CarolineAtia.

msmmmmsmmsmm^

w

r 1

watmm^Dtmtmm

ll

J*'
I :

t»ll

]? r

Series 3.

i
.1

Wild Sunflower.

HtUdifthus giganttus.

Lone-leaved Sundew.

Dr6se,a inUnnidia var. Anurieina.

"mm

am

f

ived Sundew.

idia var. AnuricdHa.

Wild Sunflower.

HeliAnfhus gigantius.

FtmUy . . COMPOSITi*;, Composite.

Color . . . Golden yellow, light in tone, yellow

center, greenish at times.
Bloomt . . August-September.
Enyironment, Copses, low thickets, swamps.
Height .. 3 ft. to 10 ft.
Habitat . . Common northward.

Character: Straight, tall, hairy stems i showy
flowers, few and slender-stemmed.

Lons-leaved Sundew.

Drdsera intermedia var. Amerithna.

Famtty . . DROSERACEiE, Sundew.

Color . . . White flower, plant with reddish
stems, reddish bristles.

Bloomi . . July-August.

Environmem, Bogs and wet places.

Height . . 3 ins. to 4 ins.

Habitat . . Me. to Minn., Ind. and southward.
Character: Flower opens only in sunshine-,
the leaf-glands exude drops of clear fluid
which look lik«; dew, hence the name. It is
an insect-catching plant.

(2S)

fV'

SYSTEMATICAL INDEX.

RANUNCULACfe>C. Crowfoot.
Herbt with numerout lUmeni, and
usually more than one putU, all
the parts of the flower distinct, and
inserted on the receptacle. Calyx
often colored like a corolla, when
the latter is wanting.

Thimble-weed, AruHumt y&-
gmiatta 11-ai

Wood Anemone, Wind-flower.
AniiHont ijutnqut folia . Ant'
ittaHt ntmorosa I- '3

Liverwort, Hepatica, Htpatita
triloba 1-3

Rue Anemone, AnimotuUa
Ikatklraidis I-U

Marsh Marigold, C'aMa^a/"*'''" I- 5

Goldthread, Coptii Irifoiia . . I- 7

Columbine,/Jy«i/<fia CanadtnsiiW- %

HAPAVERACE^, Poppy.

Herbs with regular flowers, calyx
mostly of two sepals which fall when
the blossom opens, petals twice or
3-5 times as many, numerous free
.stamens. Juice usually milky or
colored and narcotic.

Bloodroot, Sanguinaria Cana-

drnsis 1-7

FU.MARIACE.'E, Fumitory.

Delicate and smooth herbs. Sepals
2, scale-like; 4 larger irregular and
closed petals, the two outer with
spreading tips, and 1 or both spurred
or saccate at base, the 2 inner and
smaller united by their tips, which
inclose the anthers of the 6 stamens
in 2 sets along with the 3ligma.
Compound leaves.

Dutchman's Breeches, Dicentra

Ciuullaria 1- 5

CARYOPHYLLACE,€, Pink.

Herbs with regular flowers with not
over 1 0 stamens, 2-5 styles or sessile
stigmas, mostly separate to the base.
Calyx persistent. Petals sometimes
minute or wanting. Opposite en-
tire leaves.

Long-leaved Stitchwort, Stella-
ria Itingifolia ""5

HYPERlCACE/t. St. John's-wort.
Perfect flowers with many or few
stamens (usually in 3 or 5 clusters)
inserted on the receptacle. Leaves
opposite, entire, simple.

Upright-leaved St. John's-wort,

Hypericum adprissum . . IV- 7

Common St. John's-wort, Hy-
pericum perforatum . ■ . IV- 7

GERANIACE^, Geranium.

Herbs with regular flowers on the
plan of 5, stamens 10, herbage
scented. Leaves simple, variously
lobed or even dissected. (In Oxalis
leaves compound, of 3 obcordate
leaflets, and flowers usually open only
in sunshine.)

Wild Geranium, Cranesbill, Gt-

»...».; snsculatum . . . I-:j

Herb Robert, Geranium Reber-
tiattum IV- 9

a«tw Pp.
Wood Sorrel, Oxatit Acitoulla I-ii
Yellow Wood-Sorrel, Oxalit

ctrnitulata var. stricta I-l $

Jewelweed, Touch-me-not, Im-

pattens pallida ni-19

POLYGALACE*;, Milkwort.

Herbs with very irregular flowers.
Calyx persistent of 5 sepals; 3 of
them small, vii. : 2 on the lower,
and I on the upper side of the blos-
som, and I on each side called
wings, which are larger, colored and
would be taken for petols. Within
these on the lower side, are 3 peuls
united into l body,the middle one
keel-shaped and often bearing a
crest. Stamens 6 or 8 concealed in
the hooded middle petal. Leaves
•simple, entire, alternate or whorled.

Fringed Polygala, Flowering
Wintergreen, Polygala paiui-
folia '-'9

Milkwort, Polygala polygama ■ III-ll

Milkwort, Polygala cruciata . IV- 5

LEtiUMINOS^, Pulse.

Flowers (always on the plan of 5,
and sumens njt exceeding 10) truly
papilionaceous, i.e. butterflylike or
having a standard, keel and ivi ^^.
SepiUs united more or less into a
tube or cup. Leaves compound and
alternate.

Wild Tndigo, Baplisia tiruloria IV-3

ROSACEA, Rose.
Plants with regular flowers, numer-
ous (rarely few) distinct stamen-, in-
serted on the calyx, and i or many
pistils, which are quite distinct.
Calyx of 5 or rarely 3, 4 or 8 sepals,
united at the base. Peuls as many
as the sepals, and inserted with the
sUmens on the edge of a disk that
lines the calyx tutw. Leaves alter-
nate and stipulate.

Meadowjweet, Spiraa salicifolia II-19

Hardback, Steeple-bush, Spiraa
lomentosa I I-l 9

Purple ■ Flowering-Raspberry,

Rubus odoratus . . . . I I-l 7

Wild Swamp Rose, Rota Caro-
lina Ill- 7

SAXIFRAGACE*, Saxifrage.
Flowers mostly perfect with as many
or twice as many stamens, and fewer
styles or stigmas than there are
petals or sepals. Stamens and pet-
als generally borne on the calyx.

Foamflower, False Mitrewort,

Tiarella cordifolia I-l 7

DROSERACE.C, Sundew.

Bog herbs, with regular five-petaled
flowers, and bristly fringed leaves
in a tuft at the root. Insectivorous
plants.

Long-leaved Sundew, Drosera
iHlernudia var. Americana . III-25

MELASTOMACE^e, Melastoma.
Plants with opposite simple 3-7
ribbed leaves, no stipules, as many

or twice as many sUmens at petals,
both inserted in the throat of the
calyx, anthers of peculiar shape
opening by a small hole at the spcx.
Meadow Beauty, Oeergrass,

Rhexia Virginiea . . . . III-19

ONAGRACEyt, Evening Primrose.
Herbs or shrubs with showy perfect
and symmetrical flowers in fours
(rarely in two to sixes') throughout.
The calyx tube bearing the petals,
and as many or twice as many
stamens. Styles always united into
one.

Fireweed, Epilobium angustifo-
lium III-IS

Hairy Willow-herb, Epilobium

kirsu'um III-15

Evening Primrose, (Enothera

biennis IV- 7

UMBELLIFER/C, Parsley.

Herbs with small flowers in com-
pound umbels calyx with 5 minute
teeth or none, ; peuls, J stamens
and 2 styles. Stems usually hollow.
Leaves alternate, more commonly
compound.

Wild Parsnip, Xiiia aurea . ■ I-25

CAPRIFOLIACE^t, Honeysuckle.
Shrubs, or rarely herbs ; stamens as
many as the lobes of the corolla and
borne on its tube. Leaves opposite
without stipules.

Twin Flower, Unnaa borealis I-13

RUBIACEi€, Madder.
Shrubs or rarely herbs, stamens as
many as the lobes of the corolla and
borne on its tube. Entire opposite
leaves with stipules between them,
or else (as in Galium) the leaves
whorled without stipules.

Bluets, Quaker Ladies, Housto-

nia carulta " - 3

Bedslraw, Galium asprellum . Ul-ll

COMPOSlTiC, Composite.

The largest family of flowering plants.
Corollas either tubular (or fiinnel-
formed and lobed) or strap-shaped,
sometimes both kinds in the same
head; when the marginal strap-
shaped corollas form wnat are called
ray flowers, those of the central part
of the head are called disk flowers.
There are almost always five stamens,
and the anthers are united in a com-
mon tube through which the style
passes.

White Snake-root, Eupatorium
ageratoiJes III-21

Gol<ien\sttt, C*rysopttsfalcata HI- 7

Lance-leaved Golden-rod, Sal-

idago laiueolala .... IV- 19

Blue-stemmed Golden-rod, Sal-
iilago casia 1 V-j 1

White Golden-rod, SoUdago
bicotor lV-17

Smooth Golden-rod, Solidago
aretisa IV-fj

Gray Golden-rod, .SMVUi^ ncm-

orals IV-15

1%

i

(ft6)

neai at petals,
throat of the
cculiar ihapc
le at the ipex.
:rgrau,
. . . 111-19

g Primrose,
showy perfect
vers in fours
»^ throughout,
ng the petals,
(Vice as many
>ya united into

gusti/o-

ilobium

. 111-15

HOlhira

111-lS
IV- 7

iley.

jwers in com-
wlth 5 minute
tals, s stamens
usually hollow,
ore commonly

rta . ■ I-J5

oneysuckle.
bs ; stamens as
the corolla and
>aves opposite

tor talis I-13

rbs, stamens as
' the corolla and
Entire opposite
between them,
um) the leaves
ules.
Houslo-
. . .11-3
rtllum . lU-II

>site.

Howering plants,
liar (or ftinnel-
or strap-shaped,
ids in the same
marginal strap-
I nnat are called
the central part
ed disk flowers,
ays five stamens,
united In a com-
which the style

paterium

. . . III-2t
isfaUata III- 7
rod, Sol-

■ IV-19
■rod, Sti-

. . . IV-ai
SoUdago
. . . IV-17
Si/lidago

■ . !V-f3
ftuo ucm-
. . . IV-15

SYSTEMATICAL INDEX.

S«tl«.Pp.

Heart-leaved Astw, Atttr (or-

di/olnit '*-'J

Purple-stemmtd Aster, Asttr

pMnicnu IV-17

Rouih-leaved Aater, Atttr rt-

4^ IV-a3

WiUow-leaved Blue Aster, Ailir

Nmi-Btki* '^"'^

Whl'* Heathlike Aster, Astir

truoiits IV-"

Panlded White Aster, Asttr

pamculalits IV-15

Robin's Plantain, Erigtron M-

UiHfoliiis '-'?

DaUy Fleabane, Erigtron stri-

gosHS »'-'3

Black-eyed Susan, Ktutbttkia

hirta Ill-'9

Wild Sunflower, HiUanlkus gi-

ganltHS "'-»5

Beggar-ticks, Bidins fromhsa . IV-ii
Larger Bur-Marigold, BiiUns

cHrysatUhimoidu ■ ■ ■ . IV-li
Fall Dandelion, Ltonlodon au-

tumnaUs 'V-'S

LOBELIACE/e, LobelU.

PlanU with milky, acrid juice, alter-
nate, simple leaves, and scattered,
racemed or panicled flowers. The
corolla irregtilarly 5 'o'^<' »■"*
mostly split down, on the upper
side; the 5 sumens united into a
tube commonly by their filaments
and always by their ,anthers ; style
only one.

Cardinal Flower, Laitlia cardi-
natis "[-'7

Indian Tobacco, Loitlia inflala ll-i 5

CAMPANULACE^, Campanula.
Herbs with milky juice, and scat-
tered flowers, with regular 5-lobed
(blue or white) corolla, and 5 sU-
mens borne on the summit of the
calyx tube. Style i ; stigmas sev-
eral. Stamens separate. Leaves
alternate.
Harebell, Bluebell, Campanula
rotundifoUa IV-S

ERICACEiC, Heath.

A large family of shrubs, herbs, and
small trees. Flowers almost all
regular with as many or twice as
many stamens as there are petals or
lobes of the corolU. The heath
and heather belong 10 thU family
and are distinguished by needlelike
evergreen leaves, and 4-lobed corol-
las.
Mayflower, Trailing Arbutus,

Epigaa rtptns

Shin Leaf, Pyrola tUtptica .
Bell Heather, Erica cintrta
Indian Pipe, Monotropa nni

flora

TT.UMBAGINACEiE, Leadwort.
Known by the regular flowers with
S-lobed plaited oJyx, 5 stamen*
opposite as many petal* and almost
separate from them, and j styles.
Sea Laveuder, Marsh Rosemary,
Statict Umaninm var. Caro-
liHtana "l-»3

PRlMULACEi€, Primroae.
Herbs with regular perfect flowen,
the sument borne on the corolla and

1-9
11-13

u many as its divisions and opposite

them ; one style and stigma.-
Sur Flower, Tritnlatis Amiri-

tana

Four-leaved Loosestrife, Ijisi-

machia quadrifoUa ■ . ■
Common Loosestrife, Lysima-

ckia siritta ll->3

APOCVNACEit. Dogbane.

Herbaceous or woody planU, with
milky juice, opposite (sometimes
whorled) simple and entire leaves,
without stipules, and regular flowers.
Calyx, corolla, and stamens in fives,
but the stiginas and often the styles
united into one.

Spreading Dogbuie, Apocynnm

androsamifoUuM . . . . II-15

ASCLEPlADACEyE, MUkweed.
Plants with milky juice opposite
(sometimes whorled) simple and
entire leaves without stipules, and
regular monopetalous flowers with
five parU to the calyx, corolla and
stamens. Anthers connected with
the stigipa. The short filamenU
bearing curious appendages behind
the anthers forming what is called a
crown.

Swamp Milkweed, AscUpias in-
carnala III-13

Common Milkweed, AscUpias

Cornuli IH- 9

1-3
11-7
UI-ll

Il-as

11-9

11-11

11-ji

11-7

GENTlANACEiE, Gentian.

Herbs with regular flowers, having
stamens as many as the lobes of the
corolla and alternate with them.
Leaves opposite, simple, entire and
sessile.

CenUury, Erythrsea, Erythraa
spicata 1II-20

Sea Pink. SMtatia sttllaris . Ill- 5

Slender Sabbatia, SaUatia gra-
cilis Ill- 5

American CenUury, SaUaiu
ckhrouUs Ill- 5

Fringed Gentian, Ctntiana cri-

m-ta IV-19

Closed Gentian, Bottle Gentian,

Ctntiana Andrewsii . ■ .IV-19

SCROPHULARIACE/E, FIgwort.
Known by the i-llpped or at least
more or less irregular monopetalous
corolla, 3 or 4 stamens, single style
entire or a-lobed stigma. A few
have the corolla almost regular, and
one or two have 5 sUmens either
complete or Incomplete.
Turtlehead, Chtlone glaira III-19,
Purple Gerardia, Gtrariiapur-
purta Ill-"

LABIAT/€, Mint.

Herbs with aromatic herbage, square
stems,opposite simple leave8,2-llpped
corolla, the upper lip divided into 2
lobes, the lower into 3. 2 or 4 sta-
mens inserted on the corolla tube,
3-lobed stigma. Flowers from the
axils of the leaves or bracU, In
clusters or spikes.

Self-Heal, Bruntlla vulgaris . III-I I

ORCHIUACE/e, Orchis.

Perennial herbs more or less de-
pendent upon insects for fiirtilliation.

S«riH. Pp.

The six-parted perianth composed
of three outer divisions answering
to sepals, and the three inner (which
alternate with the outer divisions)
answering to petals; one of these
which Is larger and diflTerent from
the others is called the lip or label-
lum. There are one or two sUmens
which are connected with the style ;
the pollen is mostly coherent in
masses.
Calopogon, Bearded Orchis,

Calopogon pukhtUus . . . U-ii

Snake's Mouth, Pogonia ophio-
glossoidts 11-11

Ladies' Tresses, Spiranthis ctr-
nua IV-ii

Rattlesnake Plantain, Goodytra
pubtsttns Ill- 3

Greenish-White Orchis. Habt-

naria tridintata . ■ . 11-9

Smaller Green Orchis, Habtna-

ria Hooktri H- 9

Ragged Fringed Orchis, Haht-
naria lactra

Smaller Purple-Fringed Orchis,
Habitaria psycodts ■ ■ ■

Showy Udy's Slipper, Cypri-
ptdium spictabite ....

Moccasin-flower. Lady's Slip-
per, Cypriptdium acaiilt . ■

IRIDACE/€, Iris.

Flowers perfect and showy, from a
spathe of two or more leaves or
bracts ; divisions of -the perianth in
two sets (answering to sepals and
petals). Style 1, or rarely 3-cleft;
stigmas 3 opposite the 3 stamens
and the outer divisions of the peri-
anth. Anthers face outward.

Blue Flag, Larger, Iris vtrsi-
color '-^3

Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinckium
angustifolium Il"3

LILIACE^ Lily.

Large family with regular symmetri-
cal flowers, usually with perianth of
6 parts, and as many stamens stand-
ing in front of the divisions. Chieflv
herbs with entire leaves.
Solomon's Seal, Potygonatum

biflorum I-'9

False Solomon's Seal, Smila-

etna stillattt

Canada Mayflower, Maiantkt-

mum Canadtiut ....

Bellwort, Oaktsia stssili/olia .

Adder's Tongiie, Dog's-Tooth

Violet, Erytkronium Amiri-

cannm

Wood Lily, Wild Red Uly,

Ulium Pkiladtlpkicnm . .

Canada Meadow Uly, UUum

Canadinsi

Wake-Robin, Birthroot, 7W/-

linm trtctum

Painted Trillium, TrilUum try-
tkrocartum

1-9

I-17
I-iS

1- 7

11-25

n-23
I-il
I-il

ARACE/t, Arum.

Herbs with pungent watery julce,
small perfect or imperfect flowers In
a fleshy head or spike called a spadix,
usually furnished with the colored
envelopiag bract eaHed s sps'tw.

Jaek-ln-the-Pulplt, Indian Tur-
nip, Arisama tripkylimm I-*l

C27)

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

OF THE FOUR SERIES OF WAVSIUE FLOWERS.

u

i

ScriM Pp.

Adder** Tongue .... I- 7

Aiumtnt ntmorosa . . . t-13

Anemone fuin</ui/i>/ia . . I- 1 3

Anemone Virginiana . . 11-21

Anemone, Wood .... I-13

Anemonetla Ikaliilroidii I- 1 3

Apoeynum androsctmifotium ll-ls

AquiUgia Canniieniii
Arbutui, Trailing
Aritama trifkylhim
AuUpiat Cornuti
Asclefiai incarnala .
Alter eordifolim . .
Alter eritoides . .
Alter, Golden . . .
Alter, Heart-letved .
AiUr Novi-Belgii
Alter, PitDicled White
Asler panietUahu
Alter puniieui . .
Alter, Purple-itemmed
Alter radnia . . ,
Alter, Kough-letved .
Alter, White Heathlike
Alter, Willow-letved Bl
BapHiia ttntloria
Beditraw ....
Beggar-ticki . . .
Bellwort ....
Bident thryionthemoidti
Bident frondoia . .
Birth root ....
RIack-eyed Suian
Blood root ....
Bluebell ....
Blue-eyed Grais . .
Klue Flag, Larger

Bluett

Brunella vulgaris
Bur-Marigold, Ijirger
Cahpi'gon fuUhellus
Caltha palmiiis . .
Campanula rotundifolia
Canada Mayflower
Cardinal K lower . .
Centaury, American
Ckeltne glabra . .
Ckryiopsii faltata .
Gover, Yellow or Hop
Columbine ....
Coptit trifrlia . .
Craneibill ....
Cypripedium aeaule
Cypripedium tpectabile
Daily Fleabane . .

11- 5
I- 3
III

in -9
ni-i

IV-2,

IV- J

111-

IV-3
IV-i
IV-i
IV-i
IV- 1
IV- 1
IV-2.

IV-a.

IV-2
IV-I
IV-

III-II

IV-ii

I-I5

IV-II
IV-II

I-ll
III
I

IV

II
I

11-3

III-II

IV-II

II-II

1- 5
IV- 5

I-17
III-17
III-S

III-I9

III- 7

in-23

11-5

I- 7

1-25

II- 7

11-21

III-13

Dandelion, Kail . ,
Deergrau ...
Ditenira CucuJ/aria
Dogbane, S|>reading
Drosera intermedia var

Americana . . .
Dutchman'! Breechea
Efigaa repens ■ .
EpiloHum angustifolinm
Epiloiium hirsulum
Erica cinerea . .
Erigeron betlidifolius
Erigeron Itrigviui
Erythraa spirata
Erythronium Ameriianum
Eupatorium ageratoides
Evening Primroie
Fireweed ....
Flowering Wintergreen
Foamflower . . .
Galium asprellum ,
Gentian, Bottle . .
Gentian, Goied . .
Gentian, Fringed . ,
Centiana Andriwiii
Gentiana erinita . .
Geranium maculatum
Geranium Reberlianum
Geranium, Wild .
Gerardia, Purple .
Gerardia purpurea
Gulden-rod, Blue-itemmed
Golden-rod, Gray .
GoMen-rod, Lance-leaved
Golden -rod. Smooth .
Golden-rod, White .
GoUllhread ....
Gocdyera pubeseeni ,
I/abenaria Ilookeri
Habenaria tacera
Habenaria psycodei .
Uabenaria tridenlala
Hardback ....
Harebell ....
Heather, Bell . . .
Heliantkui giganteus
Hepatica trikba . '•
Herb Robert . . .
Houttonia ceerulea
Hypericum adpreiium
Hypericum ptrftrotum
Impatient pallida
Indian Pipe . , .
Indian Tobacco . .
Indian Turnip . . .

Strict Pp
IV-25

III 17

1- 5
II-iS

III-25

1-5

1-3

III-15

III-15

III-II

I-17

111-13
HI-23

1-7
III-21
IV- 7
III-15
I-19
I-17
III-II
IV-19
IV-19
IV-25
IV-19

IV-2S

1-25

IV-9

I-2S

III-21

1 11-21
IV-2 1
IV-I5
IV-19
IV-I3
IV-I7

1-7

III- 3

11-9

11-9

ll-ii

II-9

11-19

IV- 5

lll-il

1x1-25

I- 3
IV- 9

11-3
IV- 7
IV- 7

III-I9
11-25

11-15

I-3I

SntetPp

Indigo, Wild IV.

Irii veriiichr .... I-;

Jick-in-the-Pulpit ... 1-:

Jcwelweed III-

Ladiei' Treuei .... IV ■:

Ijidy'i Slipjwr II-

Ijidy'i Slipiier, Showy . . II-

/.eontodtm autumnalii , . IV-

t.ilium Ciinademe . . . 1 1-2.

I.ilium Philadelphicum II-:

Lily, Canada Meadow . . 1I-:

Lily, Wild Red .... II-:

Lily, Wood II-:

I.inniea borealii .... I-i

Liverwort 1-

l.obelia cardinalii . . .III-

Lobelia injtala . . . . II-

Looieftrife, Common . . II-

LouMitfife, Four-leaved II-

LyiimacMia fuadri/olia II-

Lytimathia itricta , . , II-

Maianthtmum Canadenie. I-

Manh Marigold .... I-

Manh Roicmary .... Ill-:

Mayflower I-

Meaduw Beaut}' .... III-i

Meadowsweet ll-l

Milkweed, Common . . . Ill-
Milkweed, Swamp . . .111-1
Milkwort . . .III-li,and tV-

Mitrewort, False .... I- 1

Moccaim Flower .... II-

ifonctrtpa unijiora . . . II-:

Oatetia leilili/olia ... I-l

(EnotMera biennit . . . IV-

Orchii, Bearded .... U-

Orchis, Greeniih- White . . II-

Orchii, Ragged Fringed II-

Orchii, Smaller Green . . II-

Orchis,Smaller Purple- Fringed Il-ll
Oxalii atetouUa . , . I-2I
Oxalii ccrniculeta var. ttrieta I- 15
1-25
II-II
IV- 5
I-19
I-19
111-11
1-19
11-17
11-7
II- 3
III- 3
111-17
I-17

Pannip, Wild ...
Pogonia ophic^leiuidei
Polygttia cruciata
Polygala, Fringed . ,
Polygala pauti/elia ,
Polygala polygama .
Polygonatum bijhrum
Purple Flowering- Raspberry
Pyrola ellipliea . .
Quaker Ladies . .
Kattleinake Plantain
Rhexia Virginica .
Robin's Plantain . .

Stritt Pp.

Kcia Carolina .... Ill- 7

Roae, Wild Swamp . . . Ill- 7

Kuius odoratui .... II-17

KudiecUa kiria . . . . Ill- 3

Rue Anemone .... I"I3

Sabbatia ekhroidti . . . Ill- 5

Sabbatia gracilii . . . . Ill- 5

Sabbatia, Slender . . . Ill- 5

Sabbatia itellarii . . . Ill- 5

Sanguinaria Canadeniii . I- 7

Sea Lavender III-33

Sea Pink Ill- 5

Seir-Heal III-ll

Shin Leaf II- 7

Siiyrimkium anguitifolium II- 3

Smilatina ttellata ... I- 9

Snake-root, White . . . Ill-ai

Snake'i Mouth .... II-ll

Solidagt Utoltr .... IV-I 7

Stiidtfo cetia IV-31

Solidag* lanceolata . . . IV-19

Stiidago nemoralii . . . IV- 1 5

Stiidaga lerotina .... IV-I 3

Solomon'i Seal .... I- 19

Solomon'i Seal, False . . I- 9

Spirira lalicijilia . . . II- 1 9

Spiraa Itmentota . . . . 1 1- 1 9

Spirantkei etrnua . . , IV-a I

Star Flower I- 9

Slatiee Limtnium var. Cart-

Hmeana 111-23

Steeplc-bnih II-19

Slillaria longifolia . . . II- 5

Stitchwort, Long-leaved II- 5

St. John's-woit, Common , IV- 7

St JohnVwort, Uptight
Sandew, Long-leaved
Sunflower, Wild . .
Thimble-weed . .
Tiaretta cordifiUa ,
Touch-me-not . . .
Trienialii Ameritana
Trifolium agrari^m ■
Trillium ereetum
Trillium erylkretarput
Trillium, Painted . .
Turtlehead ....
Twin Flower . . .
Violet, Dog'i-Tooth
Wakr Robin . . .
Will w-herb. Hairy .
Wind-flower . . .
Wood-Sorrel, White
Wood-Sorrel VeUow
Zitia aurea ...

W'd IV- 7

III-2S

111-35

Il-ai

I-17

III-19

1-9

111-23

I-il
I-l I
I-il

III-19
I-13
1-7
I-ii

III-15
1-13

I-3I

1-1 s
I-«S

'28)

StriM Pp.

in- 7

'unp . ■ . HI- 7
u . . . . n-17
*!.... Ill- 3
.... 1-13
tidu . . . Ill- S
His .... Ill- 5
der ... in- 5
rii . . . Ill- 5
Canadtntit . I- 7
III-a3

in- 5

m-ii

n-7

angutti/olium 11- 3
llata ... 1-9
mxt . . . Ill-ai
h . . . . II-II
«-.... IV-17

a IV-Sl

tehia . . . IV-19
araiis . . . IV-IS
tina . . . . IV-13
«!.... I-19
111, Falw . . 1-9
ifolia . . . 11-19
i/oM .... II-19
•mua . . . IV-ai

1-9

Mt'um var. Cart-

111-23

11-19

gifilia . . . 11- S
.ong-leaved II- 5

Drt, Common . IV- 7
>rt,Up»iglit-Wd IV- 7
Dg-le>Ted . . III-3S
Vild .... UI-JS
td . . . . II-21
■JifiUa . . . I-17

ot III-19

Imtritama , . I-9
^ariftm ■ . . 111-23
■KtHm ... I-ll
ytkreearfum . I-ll
inted .... I-ll

III-19

:t I-«3

VTooth 1-7

n I-ll

b, H«iry . . . 111-1$

t I-13

b1, White . . I-21
el VeUow . . 1-1$
...... 1-2$

I

ti''

" 1

-^ «-^MBfit.