IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) W U 11.25 I4il28 |25 It. b1 !■*)( 2.0 I;?:.,. & U Mi'- I C» Hiotographic Sdences Corporation 23 WiST MAIN STRIET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 SJ <^ .^^ ^ .A. ^JV c\ i^ H-M, S -<■! "» *,.v ^ ^^ gRj)W%^Jj_^ — ' "' ! 1 ir • ' V > «• ^ '• ' T- - -^^r - " , 1 < -^ ±j.% ^f^jrmWjV f *■ . "^ ( • « (' V . / 4 - W^'''" r , > / ' . ^. % , ^ r t ^ 1 / » ," ( .V- V i > i ' '1/. ' t If 1 1 /■■■■ •' « w ' ' ■* \ ,/ ' j» ' MKkSw ^ ' / y^' H f /' ''^SaSj^^R^Wj^^'^^ I [.?'" .• 1 r ■- j^m ^wHHL ■, '# Hi V * '4 i i ■ t ^^V /. ^ ' • ^ .vZaB I 4V • V ■ • , '^ . >■>,'■"■• V '^ ■P ■fv. t. •*..^^5 F/iVt fn'^^CA-il!'. V. i-''' Himoits of % ffiauam of t JSoologg AT HARVARD OOLLBaB. Vol. XXI. THE NORTH AMERICAN CRINOIDEA CAMERATA. By CHARLES WACH8MUTH and FRANK SPRINGER. ) ■ IN TWO VOLUMES WITH SIOHTY-THREE PLATEa Vol. II. CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.: Vtinteti for tiie iKtMitum. Mat, 1897. *'- ft '^ -' ■"';'Sr! *fl*-. „-'i^ MEx\I01RS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE. VOL. XXI. CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A. PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. 1897. ^1 il r Univebsitv Press : John Wilson aku Son, Camuuidge, U. S. A. r •f i ] CONTENTS. THE NORTH AMERICAN CRINOIDEA CAMERATA. Uy Ciiahles Waciismitii and Fbank Si-RlNOiiB. Chapter X. Page 301 to end. ^™3raw«Krr"^=' -■-■ i \ I Bltmous of tbc gluscum of (Comparatibc ^oblogg AT HARVARD COLLEUE. Vol.. XXI. THE NORTH AMKIUCAxX ClUNOlDExV CAMEUATA. Uy CHARLES WACIISMCTII and FRANK Sl'RIN(ii:R. IN TWO VOLUMES WITH EIOHTY-THREE PLATES Vol. II. CAMBrnDOE, U.S.A.: iDvtntrti for Ujc Iflusrum. M,\Y, 1897. TAHLE OF CONTKNTS. SYHTKMATIC Vv.K Il,\TiirlMNI|).\K ilOI-rill) Aimh-His (if tlie (Iciu'ni 3(il Jiroldnuiil iiiul Googinpliii'iil Distil- liiiUon aj,'l('iil and (iioginplikal DUlii- liiitlon I'laUfriiiiH iMIthllloCTillllS .MMI'Sll|lillc|l||UH Ciii-ilyloi'iiiiiis 7;;5 Cofcocrlniis 7;),s IIf.xachimiiak 7I1-K(i2 Analysis of tlio (irniTu 7|i (Ic'olo^^k'al anil (icoy:iniiliical Dislrl- biitloii 7|-_) Ilcxiicilmis 711 Aitlirncaiitlia 717 Dicliocriiiiis 7,-,;j CiunptocriiMis 77;i Talai'oui'iiius 7,s| rti'iotocrlniis 701 AciiormxiiiAK k03-,h1() (U'olofjifal ami Gt'ograpliical l)l>lii- liiition ■ 803 Acrocriniis hii,-) Ini'Ex 813 r BATOCEINIDyE W. and Sp. MoNocYLic. The lower nnAciiiALs with well defined interbraciiials between them FORMING AN IMPORTANT PART OP THE DORSAL CUP. RaDIALS IN CONTACT EXCEPT AT THE POSTERIOR SIDE, WHERE THEY ARE SEPARATED BY A IlEPTAGONAL ANAL PLATE, WHICH IS FOLLOWED BY A SECOND ANAL BETWEEN TWO INTERBBACHtALS. Analysis of the Genera. f I. Ventral disk hiohly differentiated : the plates large and HEAVY, FORMING A niGM) INTEGUMENT. AkMS NOT BRAXCII- INO BEYOND THE CALYX BaTOCRINITES. A. Arms iilserial ; iiasals three. 1. Anus at the end of a tube. a. Interbraclnah ne/xinitedfroii) interambulacrals by an arr/i ofbrnchinh. Calyx bitiirbinato. Arms sliort, cquiilistant ; anal tube very long and central; respiratory pores twenty, well defined B(tt(ier!nii.*. Anns long, paddle-shaped ; anal tube exccn- tric; respiratory pores twenty . . . Kivtmocrhiiis Calyx conical, dorsal cup almost flat, ventral disk greatly predominating in height; anal tube central ; respiratory pores twenty Uloprosallocrlmis. b. Interbrni'hUds ronnerfeil trith interomhulaerah. Arms arranged in groups, the openings di- rected upward ; anal tube large, central. Calyx pyriform to wheel-shaped ; arms twenty; respiratory pores not visible . LoborriiiKn. Calyx elongate, biturbinato r subovoid; arms twelve to sixteen ; respiratory pores ten • Macrocritius. e. Interhrachiah in contact with interambulacrals at anal side only. Calyx wheel-shaped ; anal tube very large, central ; arms short, single or paired ; re- spiratory poies twenty Eutrochocriniin, 46 362 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. Calyx rotundato ; anal tube moderately small, about central ; arm openings twelve to twenty ; arms long, single or paired, often in the same species ; respiratory jiores n(5t visible Dlxi/gocrimis, 2. Anus witiioi't a ti'iik. a. Ctdyx lolled; arms arranged in groups, Caiyx more or less elongate. Arms heavy, one from eaeh opening. Arms ten, recumbent on the dorsal cup ; pin- nules infolding Jiarrandeocrinnn. Arms one only from each opening, erect, rather heavy Aorocriniis. Arms slender, paired ; upper arm joints spiniferous ; posterior oral and proximal radial dome plates extended into spines . Dorycrinus, b. Calyx hi'misphcrk or pyramidal , Dorsal cup from very slightly convex to concave ; arms heavy. Orals and radial dome plates prominent Agaricocrinus, B. Arms uniserial. 1. BasALS THliKK. IxrEnliUArillALS NOT NUMEROUS. COL- UMN ROUND. a. Arms delicate, joints ouneate, alternately arranged, only interlocking at the tips Acacocrinus. b. Arms hcaryfjuintx ijiMdrangiilar. Arms ten Ilabrocrinns. Arms more than ten (?) Desinidocriniis. 2. Basals four ; column quadrangular. Arms slender, joints cuneate ; plates deli- cate .and highly ornamented. Interbrach- ials and interdistichals verj uimei-ous . Compsocrinus. II. Ventral disk composed of small, irreoularly arraxgrd plates, WITH or without ORALS. ArMS GENERALLY BRANCHING beyond the calyx Perieciiocrinites. A. Arms biserial from the calyx up. 1. Basals three ; anal area wide. Calyx elongate, urn-shaped ; plates thin and elong.ate; arms grouped Orals indistin- guishable. The column with large cen- tral canal Perieciiocrinns, Calyx depressed globose, plates short and heavy. Arms branching, given off in pairs, their facets contiguous ; or.als gen- erally represented ; central canal large . Megistocrinns. Calyx low, strongly lobed at the arm regions, plates thin, highly ornamented. Arms arranged in clusters. Central canal of moderate size Gennmocrinus, BATOCRINID^, 2. BasaU/our. Dorsal cup similar to that of MegistocrinuK ; arms heavy, tlatteued on the bacii. . . Geological and Geographical Distribution, Number of known species. (Open figures indicate Aineriean ; those marked ( ), European.) 363 Abacocrinus BATOCHIMIDd. FORHATIOlf Batocriuites. Periefli<>- t crinites. Approximate kuropeau Equivalents. s a m A i a O American. a 1 1 a. 1 1 3 1 1 a a •c 1 a U I d 1 5 14 a rs a a ■E 1 ■g 2 s c •c 10 i a X 'i u -i s a •c i 1 1 c B 1 9 ■c 1 a 1 s .5 a g .S 1 Warsaw. Keokuk. 2 3 4 1 4 1 ^ L'p. Burlington. ,1 9 4 3 3 3 2 5 8 1 1 .S E Low. Burlington. 3 a 9 6 3 I 3 3 4 1 1 to 1 Kinder hook. 3 O Wavcrlv. 2 4 1 1 Chouteau. — 1 — — — — — — 1 Hamilton. 9 2 C a .2 CO Up. IIc'Mcrberg. Eifcl (3) 11 ■■1) 10 22 2 2 (19) (19) (4) (4) 2 2 8 (16) 11 (16) — ~;, Niagara. Wciilot'k. Ootlaiul. 4 32 (1) (1) Hudson River. 1 Total species 20 I 153 3 1 (50) 19 19 10 6 12 (!) 2 («) liemarks. — The Batocrinidne and Actinocrinidne differ from the two preceding monocyclic families, Melocrinida) and Cnlyptocrinidte, in having a large anal plate separating the two posterior radials and resting upon the basals ; and as a consequence of this a hexagonal base, which is composed «i> w 1 364 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. ..^ Fio. IS. fifittfrrimtt. f> = hiisals. /? = raclials, .r — sprcial nnni plate. *> --- supplementary anal ibr — iittcrhracliials. in all but two of the known genera in both families of three equal plates. The orientation of these plates is uniform throughout both families, viz. : the interbasal sutures are directed toward the anal plate and the two antero-lateral radials. The anal plate in the Hatocrinidio is heptagonal, and is followed by three plates in the first interbrachial row, viz. : a second anal and two interbrachials ; whereas in the Actinocrinidon the anal plate is hexagonal, and is followed only by the two interbrachials, — there being no second anal. AVe regard the pre.'^once of a second anal within the first row of inter- brachials as of considerable morphological im- portance. It is represented without exception from the Lower Silurian to the close of the Devonian in all monocyclic Camerata in which anal plates occur; in the Kinderhook, for the first time, we find both forms together : the Actinocrinoid with but two plates above the first anal, and the Batocriuoid with three. When there are three basals, the superior edge of the basal cup is nine- angleil, six of the angles being salient, the others retreating, and the suture lines are directed to the middle of the two antero-lateral radials and the anal plate. By this arrangement two of the radials are heptagonal. and the three others hexagonal. In Cunqjisocrimis with four basals, the posterior and anterior basals are pentangular, the two others quadrangular, the anterior radial hexangular, all others heptangular. Tlie alternate bifurcation of the arms from the two main branches of the rays, which is characteristic of the Actinocrinida?, forms another well, marked distinction between the two families, and is also very constant. Among the Batocrinidic this mode of bifurcation occurs only in Gainwo- crintts from the Upper Devonian, but there it goes along with a second anal ; and we must regard this genus as a transition form toward the Actinocrinidce. The paired arm structure also, although not a constant character, occurs only among the Batocrinidfc ; never among the Actino- crinida;. Another significant fact, tending to confirm the separation of the two groups as distinct families, is that ,so far as known the Batocrinidaj disappear in Europe with the dawn of the Carboniferous — except perhaps ■4M BATOCKINID^K. 365 Mcijintocriiius, of which a species may possibly exist in the Mountain Lime- stone of Enghmil — iind are replaced by the Actinociinida). This is also the case in the western territories of the United States. At Lake Valley, New Mexico, anionic many iiundred Camerate Crinoids collected I'rom the horizon of the Burlington group, we found only one or two straggling Batocrinoids. The genera for which this family is proposed, with the exception of Compsacrimis, have been heretofore ix'ferred by us antl others to the Actinocrinida3, and most of the species were originally described under Aclimcrlnm. Even the genus liatucrinus was not accepted by the earlier writers. This was no doubt largely due to the fact that Casseday in describing the genus overlooked the arrangement of the plates of the anal area, which, as we think, forms the principal distinction between the two groups. lie only alluded to the meeting of the distichals and palmars over the interbrachials, and the separation of the latter from the plates of the ventral disk. Tiie importance of the structure of the anal area was pointed out by us in tiie Revision, Part II., p. lot), when we recognized the genus liatommta, but at that time we only made it the type of a subgroup under the Actinocrinida). As now defined, the Batocrinidaj are by far the largest family of the Camerata, and tiiey have a greater stratigraphic range than any except the Rhodocrinida-, — ap|)enring first in the Hudson River group of the Lower Silurian, and continuing into the War.saw. The family consists of eighteen genera, of which twelve, so far as known, are restricted to America, and six to Europe ; ' while Perurhocriims and M<-(jlsfocr!inis occur on both sides of the Atlantic. Of these genera two hundred and three good species have been recognized, — fifty of tlicm coming from Europe and one hundred and fifty-three from North America. There are in Kurope two other genera which probably ought to be placed in this family, — Poli/peltes Angelin, and Sp>/ridmri/ni.s Oehlert ; but as the arrangement of the two or three proximal rings of plates in the calyx cannot be made out in the specimens, they may possibly belong to the Melocrinidoa. We have subdivided the genera of this family into two sections, which will considerably facilitate identification, viz. : — 1 1 J : 1 *. T 366 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OK NOUTU AMERICA. A. Those in wliich the ventral disk is hiylily difFcrentiated, thn plates being large and heavy, and in which tlie arms not branch beyond a minute axillary at the arm opening . BATOCKINITES. B. Those in which the ventral disk is composed of small, irregu- larly arranged plates, and the arms generally branch after becoming free I'EIUECIIOCRINIXES. A. BATOCRINITES. BATOCRINUS Casskdav. 1S51. Casskdav; Zcitsclir. dor Dculsch. Grol. OcscUsch., Vol. VI., p. 237. 1857- PliTKT ; Traill- ilc I'liluciiil., Viil. IV., p. 321. 1S02. DiJARDiN mill Uri'E ; llisl. niitiiri'lle ilcs Zimplijtes Ecliiuod., p. 142. 18()5. Mkkk ami ^VouTll^:^• (Subgenus of Aeliimervius) ; Proceed. Acail. Nnt. Sci. Phila., p. 153. ISCiO. Mt;t:K ami WoiiriiKX (Suligonus of Acliiioeriiiun); Gcol. Rep. Illinois, Vol. II., p. 150. ISfl!). Mekk and Wuktiikn j rioci-eil. Acnd. Nat. Sci. I'liiln., p. 350. 1S73. Mf.ek and Wiiktiien ; Geol. Hep. Illinois, Vol. V., p. 301. 1S78. W. and Sp. ; Proeced. Acad. Nat. Sei. Pliilii., p. 329. 1879. ZlTTKi, ; llandb. dcr Palirontologie, Vol. I., p. 370. 18SI. W. anil Sr. ; llevision Palieocr., Part II., )). 102 (Proceed. Acad. Nnt. Sci. Pbila., p. 33G). 1885. Stkixmann ; Elcmentc der Pahvontologie, Part I., p. 157. 1890. S. A. M11.1.KK ; North Anier. Geol. and Palicont., p. 227. 1892. S. A. JIii.i.EU ; Adv. Sheets of the 18lh Geol. Hep. Indiana, p. 23. Sfn. Aciiiinrriiiiis (in part) Siu;maiii), Hall, White, McCiiesxey, and Meek and Wortiien prior to 1805, Qi-ESSIEDT as late as 18>5. Syn. Uperocriiiiis (in pari) Meek and WonTiiEX, 1S05; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbiln., p. 153. Calyx biturbinate to subglobo.