^ ^t^^. w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 mmm22 SI l^o 12.0 U |L6 Scmces (JarpoFation 23 Will MAM STRHT WnSTM,N.Y. USM ( 71* ) •72-4503 0 1^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiche&. Canadian Inttituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. 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Tl P« of fil Oi bi th all ot fir ail or Tf sh Tl w M d\\ an bd rifl re( m( EI Additional commenta:/ Commantairea aupplAmentairea: Pagination oontimMd from vol. I. Irragiilar pagination: 113-160,166-168, 161-164, 173-176, 166-172, 177-274 p. Thia item la filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat filmA au taux de rAductton indiquA ci-deaaoua 10X 14X 18X 22X 1 asx 30X : V 12X 16X 20X MX 2BX 32X The copy filmed hero has Immo r«produc«d thanks to tha ganarosity of: PIsnt RMMreh Library Agrieulturt dnada Tha imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quaiity possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tha filming contract spacif ications. L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grAca it la gtnArosit* da: Bibtisthlqut d« rfldiarchM wr Im vigitaux Agricultura Canada Las images suivantes ont «t« reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nattete de I'exemplaire f ilmA, et en conformity avec las conditions du contrat de filmaga. Original copies in printed paper covers ara filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illuatrated impres- sion, or the bacic cover when appropriate. All other original copies ara filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimie sent fiimis en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impreasion ou d'illustraticn, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmAs en commen9ant par la pramlAre page qu^ comporte une empreinte d'impreasion ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain tha aymboi — »- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the aymboi V (meaning "END"), whichever appliaa. Un das symboles suivants apparaftra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, salon le cas: la symbole ->► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to b« entirely included in one exposure ara filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmte A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, ii est f ilmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A .droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 / * / / FL lilUEK D NAT UK A I. yoKTH ( V. / 1^ iit^'1*'9 ^^ - ^.!3KA...~ jp^^mo^^o^'TO-A IB.A.1 A FLORA OF NORTHWEST AMERICA > ( 'o.MAlMNc. liKIEK DESCIiri'TIOXSOF AM/rriK KNOWN 1 Nl>l( iKNOU.v \N1> NATUKAI.IZEI* PLANTS (iW()\VIN(i WITHoi'T Cir/n V \TlON yoUTH OF (l\LIF()l{XIA. WEST OF 1:TAII. ANI» SOl'TII oF I'.KITIsn ("Ol.rAFIUA, ! fi' liY THOMAS ilOWKlJ. VOL. I. 'IIAnkh()c;am/K rAscin.K 2, kiiam.naci; i: th (iaukyacic I'rirt' Fifty Crnl^. I'ORTLAXI) ORK^ 2..^ ^13^ ^6 5,/^ '^7 )f^^^ ^7 1% <>V*^. ^;lo ' • ^ ^.-^ •C.oc»-io c ^39 H/ T \ C^ I • i^/ ^l (V(. . 11m ^l ^<^^y^XJl^ ^^3 ^^ M,¥" 'A'^J '•av.-*.. ; rillAMNUS. CKANOTHU8. RHAMNAOE.E. 113 calyx and stamens 5; petals wanting : fruit black, ;Mol)ed, 3 lines long, eqiuilling the pedicels. Eastern Washington tu California, east to Canada ami New England. § 2 Fkangula Brongn. ', c. Seeds and luitletK convex on the btu k, tlie raphe lateral ; Howers mostly j)erfect, in peduneuhite cymes. K. Califoriiieas Esch. Mem. Acad. Petr. x, 281. A spreading shrub 4-18 feet high; young branches somewhat tomentose: leaves ovate-oblong to elliptical, 1-4 inches long, G-18 lines broad, acute or obtuse, mostly rounded at base, denticulate or nearly entire, persistent: peduncles with numerous mostly abortive flowers in subumbellate fascicles; calyx usually o-cleft; petals very small, broadly ovate, emarginate: fruit very dark pur- ple, 3-4 lines in diameter, 2-3-lobed and 2-3-seeded; pulp thin. From Klamath lake, Oregon, to southern California. R. occldeiitalis Howell P. C. PI. Coll. 1887. Erect shrub 2-10 feet high: smooth throughout or the young branches and petioles minutely scabrous: leaves coriaceous, yellowish-green, elliptical, acute to obtuse or retuse, obscurely repand-dentate, 1-2 inches long by 6-15 lines broad, per- sistent: peduncles with numerous flowers in subumbellate fascicles: calyx usually o-cleft, the deltoid lobes with a raised callous down the centre: petals small, orbicular, 2-lobed at the summit: fruit black when mature, obscurely 3-lobed; pulp moderately thick. On gravelly hillsides and plains, along the eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Waldo, Josephine Co., Oregon. R. Purshlana DC. Prodr. ii. 25. cascara. A tree 20— 50 feet high : young branches tomentose: leaves elliptical, 2-7 inches long by 1-3 inches broad, mostly acute, obtuse or cordate at base, denticulate pubescent beneath, thin, deciduous: flowers perfect, comparatively large, in a some- what umbellate cyme; sepals 5; petals 5, small, 2-lobed, embracing the very short stamens: styles united to the summit; stigmas 3: fruit black, turbinate, 3-seeded. Common from Brit. Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains. CEANOTHUS L. Gen. n. 267. Shrubs or small trees with petioled simple leaves and perfect flowers in lateral and terminal dense thyrsoid panicles or corymbs. Calyx 5-cleft, with acute connivent lobes, the upper part at length separating by a transverse line the tube remaining; disk thick, adnate to the turbinate or hemispherical tube and to the ovary. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, saccate and arched, on long claws. Stamens 5, exserted; filaments filiform; anthers, ovate. 2-celled. Styles 3, more or less united below, diverging above. Fruit sub- globose, 3-lobed, surrounded at base by the adnate calyx-tube, soon dry. the 3 crustaceous nutlets at length separating and dehis- cent by the inner suture. Seeds convex on the back. , § 1 Ceanothus proper. Leaves all alternnte, 3-ribbed from the base or pinnsitely veined, glandular-toothed or entire. Fruit not crested. * Leaves 3-ribbed from the base. +■ Efpct shrubs, the branches not rigidly divaricate nor spiny: leaves usually large, more or less serrate: inflorescence thyrsoid. *+ In florescence on leafless lateral shoots from wood of the previous 114 RHAMNACE;E. CEAN0THU8. season's growth. €. HttiiKUtuwuK Pursh Fl. 167. A stout shrub 4-12 feet high with terete reddish branches: leaves thin, 1-4 inches long, ovate to elliptical, finely serrate, pubescent beneath, on slender petioles 6-15 lines long, decid- uous: whole inflorescence white, 1-4 inches long, pubescent, the numerous flowers fascicled on the sides and at the ends of the short lateral branches: style shorter than the stamens, 3-lobed. Common on rocky hillsides, Biit. Columbia to northern California and Montana. ** Inflorescence on lateral shoots of the previous year's growth or terminal on leafy shoots of the present season s growth. C. Telntlnna Dougl. Hook. Fl. 1, 125, t. 45, (Mountain Balm). .\ smooth shrub 2—6 feet high, with terete green branches, oespitoee, often decumbent at base, the branches somewhat pendulous; leaves orbiou- lar-elliptical or elllptlcal-ovate, obtuse, subcordate, glandularly eremite above, serrulate, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, (as if var ihJuiI and exuding a fragrant balsamic HubHtance).velvety-CHneHcent and etrontrlv 3-rlbbed beneath, 2—3 inches long, on petioles, (V-8 lines long, persis- tent; panicles axillary, thrice compound, elongated, on rather loii!,' peduncles; flowers white; styles as long or longer than the stamens. Common in mountainous districts, Brit. Columbia to eastern Oregon and the Rocky Mountains. C. laeri^.itna. C. relutinua var. Itengatim T. & G. Fl. I, fiSC. (Smooth Mocnt^in Balm). A large slirul) JS— 15 rc«'t liigli with smooth terete green erect branches: leaves orbicular to elliptical, 2—4 inches long, subcordate, finely glandular-serrate, dark green and shining above the wliole upper surface glandular and exuding a balsamic fra- grant substance, paler but smooth and prominently 3-ribbed benentli, thick-coriaceous, persistent: panicles axillary, compound, rather small. the peduncles but little if any longer than the leaves: flowers wliite. In forests. Vancouver Island to Northern California, near the coast. . C. Californions Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. i. 55. C. inteaerrimns of re- cent authors not of H. & A. Bot. Beech. 329: C. thymform var. manv thyrsm Torr. Bot. Wilkes 263. A slender branching shrub, 2—10 foot high, young, branches more or less angled and pubescent: leaves thin oblong to broaoiy lanceolate, 1— .*i Inches long, more or less serrulate toward the apex, pubescent with minute appressed haii-s, on slender petioles 2—6 lines long, deciduous: flowers blue to white, fascicled on terminal and axillary peduncles from wood of the present seasons growth; bracts ovate, shortly acuminate, 1-2 I'nel^long- pedicels slender, 4-6 lines long: styles shorter than the stamens, united to ne.ir the summit. On dry open hillsides, from the Columbia river to Cili foi'nia. C. tliyrsiflorns Esch. Mem. St. Petersb. Acad. x. 285. An ere(t f. n^'if^^fl " T% ^}^ ^T ll*«'* ^'^"' strongly angled branches: leaves lanceolate, finely dentate, 1-2 inches long, on short petioles, deciduous flowers blue, in dense subcompound racemes, terminating the usualv elongated and somewhat leafy peduncle. Puget Sound to Califoniia near the coast. ■w«iii»^iiim, ^ ^ Erect shrubs the branches usually rigid and spinose: leaves rather small: flowers in simple racemes or clusters. C. divarioatu. Nutt T. & «. Fl. 1, 266. A straggling shrub with terete often pruinose branches: leaves oblong-ovate to ovate 4-" lines long rounded at base, lucid, somewhat obtuse, minutely and glandularly serrulate, pnbescent l>eneath, somewhat coriaceoiiq m petioles about 2 lines long, persistent: flowers blue to white^n sJ simple often elongated racemes 1-^ inches long. Southern Idaho to CEANOTI outhem Ci C. oordn] >it08e erect eet high, h linereous: subcorda enenth, soi liduous: fli enr the su Buthern Or« § 2 Cer^ lith niimer liH, fspiuose [icled axill roce.sses be \ij. onn^atn Vricate brai \m. at lengi jjijr. rounded liiientose bei [rely light b \m the lowc pamllls |i(ier shrub: rniing mats |te, 2-6 line apex, veri |r.v short pet short la ten dtp. spreadli |iii tJie stam prostrati Ntrate, the piling a clos nfe or obloi; fiw spinose •Iin-k blue fit large, wit S'.'-in. Order X CEAN0THC8. VITACE/E. m Fl. i, «»'■' ,ith smooth 2—4 Inches nd sbinini,' ilsamic tra- vel beneath, ather small. wers wliiti'. 16 coast. mns of le- var. mnn-ii- 2—10 foot leaves thin, ss sernilato on slender fascicled on jnt season's pedicels lited to near ver to Call- outhern California. C. oorduUtiiB Kell. Troc. Cal. Acad, ii, 124, flg. 39. A densely ces- litose erect shrub witli intricate brunches and splnose branchlets, 4—6 Wt high, hirsutely pubescent with short erect or spreading hairs and inereous: leaves oval to elliptical or oblong, (V— 12 lines long, rounded Ir subcordate at base, finely glandulJir-seiTulate, densely tomentose Teneath, somewhat coriaceous on slender petioles 3—0 lines long, de- Kdnoiis: flowers white, in racemes or fascicles: styles united to onr the summit, shorter than the stamens. In tlie mountains of DUthern Oregon and California. I g 2 Cerastes Watson 1. c. Leaves mostly opposite, 1 -ribbed, lith iininerous straight parallel veins, very thick and eoritice- 11!*, !S|iiii08ely toothed or entire. Flowers in sessile or short-ped- iieled axillary clusters. Fruit large, with ;> horn-like or warty occsses below the summit. IjU. cnni^atns Nutt. 1. c. An erect shrub 2—12 l'«»e Vrlcate branches; the young branches white with Jill, at length smooth and whitish: leaves cunea 111);, rounded or retuse above, entlw or rarely few- liiientose beneath, on short rather slender petioles: liely light blue, in rather loose axillary fascicles, lim the lower Willamette (the original locality,) to t high with rigid a villous tomen- te-obovate or ob- toothed. minutely tlowers white or Oil dry hillsides. Lower California. 5. An erect iches: leaves , deciduous: the usually California. pinose: ers. shrub with ovate. 4-lii linutely and riaceons, on hlte. In snh- m Idaho to C. pnmilis Greene Eryth. 1, 141). A rigid depressed much branched lider shrub: brandies (i— 18 Inches long, rooting at the nodes and rmlng mats 1—3 feet in diameter: leaves cuneate-oblong to obo- Jte, 2—6 lines long, entire to splnose-dentate, but mostly 3-toothed at apex, very minutely white-tomentose bttween the veins beneath. |r.v short petloled: flowers bright blue to white, fascicled at the ends short lateral branches; pedicels flllform. 6—8 lines long; sepals |iite. spreading, nearly a line long; styles united to the top, shorter fill tlie stamens. On dry hillsides, about Waldo, Josephine Co., On^- proatrntuB Benth. PI. Hartw. 302. (Mahala Mats). Glabrous, bstrate, tlie branches rooting and repeatedly subdivided, the whole fining a close mat 2—8 feet In diameter: leaves 3—12 lines lo.ig, ol)- »te or oblong-ciTiiellorm, obtuse or truncate, with 2 or 3 pa'rs of jiise spinose teeth alwve the middle, on short slender petioles: flow- dark Itlue to wlilte, clustered at the ends of short stout peduncles: jit large, with erect horns. In open pine forests, Washington t«? Cal- b'lMp.. OuDER XXriI VITACEJ5 Lindl Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 30. lostly climbing shrubs with simple or compound leaves, upper ories opposite the racemes or tliyrsoid panicles of nil flowers, or tendrils. Calyx minute, nearly entire or 5- fthed. Petals 4 or 5, inserted upon the outside of an annu- (lisk, inflexed, valvate in the bud, caducous. Stamens as iiy as petals and opposite them , inserted on the surface of I disk. Ovary 2 celled, with two collateral ovules in each Style short or none : stigma simple. Fruit a globose, [stly pulpy berry, often by abortion 1-celled. Seeds anatro- ps, erect, with a hard testa. Embryo much shorter than the m or fleshy albumen : radicle slender. Cotyledons lanceo- or subulate. no ACERACE;*:. 1 VITIH Touin. Inst 013. L. (Jen. ii. 284. (Graph.) VITIB. ACRK. I Woody vines, climl)in«? by tendrils that are oi)poHite to le;ivt>. with acid juice, mostly simple ojjposite leaves and small greciiisli flowers in eomixmnd raeemes or panicles that are opposite flu upper leaves. Calyx very small, entir(( or 4-o-toothe1ow. elimbini; trws to tlie height of 20—30 feet: Icavcsj round-cordate with n deep and narrow sinus, 2—3 inclieB long, ncarlvf as broad, obtuse, rather coarsely serrate and often somewhat S-loboii. tomentose or caneseent, especially beneath: fndt 4 lines in dlanietcrj in rather larpe clusters, pun)le, covt^red with bloom: seeds Itromll Along streams, from the I'mpiiua Valley, Oi-egon, to southern Callfor| nia. OkDKH XXIV ACKb'ACEiE J. St. Ilil. Kxpos. Fam. ii, 1.1. Trees or shrubs with opposite palmately lobed or pinimtdvl 3-5-foliolate f rarely alternate and entile) leaves without stip-r ules and small flowers in lateral or terminal racemes or fiiaoi- cles that are often by a bortion polyp;amou8 or dioecious. Sepalsj 6, rarely 4-9, more or less united, imbricate in the bud. PetJ als as many as sepals and alternate with them,, inserted arouni a commonly lobed hypog;y'nou8 disk, sometimes wanting. StaJ mens usually 8, sometimes 3-12, distinct inserted on the (liskj anthf rs introrse or versatile. Ovary 2-lobed, composed of'l united carpels each containing 2 collateral ovules, or a nmrn 2o vuled carpel. Styles more or less combined, stigmatose oil the inside or the stigma almost sessile. Fruit composed of i rarely 3 cr 4, indehiscent samarioid carpels, finally separabltl from the filiform axis the wing thickened at the lower marginl or a cartilaginous follicle. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, erecJ with little or no albumen. Embryo curved or nearly straight,! with foliaceous cotyledons variously folded upon each other.! 1 Acer. Loaves opposite, palmately lobed or rarely divided : flowers io! racemes or fascicles, polygemous. 2 Forsellesla. Leaves alternate, simple and entire : flowers solitary ter| minating short axillary branches or spur-like fascicles, perfect. s 1 ACER Tourn. Inst. 015, L. Gen. 1155. (Maple.) Trees or shrubs with opposite mostly palmately lobed leave and small flowers in terminal racemes, umbel-like corymbs ( fascicles. Calyx colored, usually f^-lobed. Petals 5, sometiiiKJ wanting. Stamens 3-12, usually 8, inserted with the petals iig on a lobed hypogynous disk. Styles 2, elongated. Ovary lobed, rarely 3- or 4-lobed, and as many celled, with a pair « ovules in each cell, becoming in fruit a double, rarely triplet quadruple, samara that is separable at maturity into l-s^eedej indehiscent winged nutlets. ACKK. roKHKI.LKHIA. ACEKACK-K. 117 ded: flowers id • FlowtTs in ra«-t>iii(>H: biuly t)f the fruit hispid. A. maerophylluiii I'iii-hIi I-M. 2(>7. ^liAKOK i.kavkd Mai'I.f ). A tree |50- !•(» tvvt hJKli. I— JJ f«H»t in dianu>t<>r: l«'av«'H «k- 12 inclioH lon^. nearly as lircuul, r(late wltli a ue»>i> HinuH, deeply II— ri-eh'ft, the WKnieutg cleft into :J— r» Hinuate, acute l<)l)eH, pulM's<;ent l>enentl» when young: iiowerH yellow, fragrant, in en»wd«>d |)en(lent racenieH '^—^\ Inches long, apiH'iiriug after the leaveH: calyx petah>id, cauipanuiate. th(> broad Ll)<)vute HegnientH 2— .'< lineH h>ng: p(>talH obovate, about e<|ualling the U'IiiiIh: stamens K— 12 exserted, tllainents hirsute at base style longer tlinii the stamens. l-Uke corymbs or fascicles: fruit smooth. I A. slabrum Torr. Ann. r^y* . X. Y. ii. 172. (-^'mooth Mai-lk.). A shrub lor small tree (J— .'U) feet high, 2— S indies in diameter, glabrous through- lout except the bud scales whh'li are «lensely villous inside: leaves I rouiid-i'ordate with shallow sinus, 2—4 inches broad, nearly as long, Imore or less deeply IMobed or parted, the ovate acuminate 1o1h>8 doubly Iscrrnte with acuminate teeth, conspicuously veined and reticulated: Irtowors few, greenish-yellow, somewhat corj'mbose. on short 2-leaved |l)raDchlet8, appearing after the leaves: calyx canipanulate, deeply 5- Icleft, the spatulate segments about 2 lines long: stamens S. shorter Itlinn the spatulate petals: fruit veiy smooth, with slightly spreading Iwlnga, about an inch long. Along sti-eams and on the highest moun- ItniiiH. Vancouver Island to California and the Rocky Mountains. A. oiroinatnm Pursli Fl. 2(M{. ( Vink Mapi.k?). A large shrub 10-30 Ifeet Idgh, usually declined and somewhat viny: leaves mund-cordate Iwitli a narrow shallow sinus, S—^ inches long nearly as broad, 7—9 |lol)ed nearly lO the middle, the acute lolies doubly and sharply serrate, IvilloJis beneath and on the veins above when young, becoming glnb- jrate: flowers in loose 10— 20-flowered terminal corymbs; calyx 8 oblong to NputuJ late, nurrowed lK>h>w on 8k>nd(>r jiedlcols 2-4 Hues h>ng, aoiite or ot>| tUBc: tlowerH on Mlender pedlcclB 2—4 lines long: lobes of the I'lilyil oblong, a line or more long: petals white, 4—5 lines long, spatiilatfj attenuate btlow to a short slender claw: stlgnui nearly sesBlIc, ;;. lobed; ovary acute; fruit not seen. UlutTs of Snake river (Cusiek). Ohdkk XXV. ANACARDIACKiE. Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 1. Hhrubw ov treen with resinoiiH or milky juice, simple or coin. pound leaveH without stipules, and small Howers in axilhii v orl terminal panicles. Flowers usually regular, perfect, dioeciousl or polygamous. Sepals usually 5, distinct or more or less niii-| ted, mostly persistent. Petals of the same number as the scji als, or wanting, inserted into the disk which lines the bottomi of the calyx. Stamens as many as sepals, or twice as many, mi more, sometimes part of them sterile; tilamonts distinct, souif- times alternately shorter, inserted with th • petals. Ovary sol- 1 itary, free, or rarely adhering to the calyx, 1-celled, or with 1 or "A abortive cells ;(nule solitary, on a funiculus which rist'> from the base of the cell. Styles 3, rarely 4, distinct or com- bined. Fruit a 1-seeded indehiscent drupelet. Seed erect oi| suspended, anatropoiis, without albumon. A large onUi, represented here only by the genus RHUS L. Gen. n. 3G1. Shrubs or smull trees with alternate leaves and small polyl ginious or polygamo-ditL'cious llowers in axillary and terminal l)ra'jt(?ate racemes or panicles. Calyx snudl, 4-()-parted, persist ent, imbricated in the hud. Petals 4-0, imbricated in the lunl. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, with subulate tihij meats, inserted under the edge of the disk. Fruit a dry (lrii|H- let. Seed pendulous upon a slender seed-stalk arising froiu tlir base of the cell. * Flowers polygamous or dioecious; panicled, developed witli or after the leaves. R. glabra L. Sp. i, 265. (Sumach). An erect shrub 4—12 feet liigb,! suiootli and glaucous when young: leaves oddpinnate; leaflets V,i-il\ petiolulate, oblong to lanceolate, acuminate, acutely serrate 1—3 incliei| long: intiorescence terminal, tliyrsoid, hirsute: sepals broadly subuj late, about a line long: petals oblong, a little longer than the sepals:! dnipelets clothed wltli crimson acid hairs: seeds smooth, about a lin«| long. In ni vines and aldng streams, eastern Oregon to Brit. Coluiubiii| and the south Atlantic States. R. tozloodendron L. Sp. 20(1. Stems erect, 1—3 feet high; lonvnl trlfollolate. pulwscent; leaflets rhomboid, acuminate, entire oir tootliedi the lateral ones more or less oblique: panicles axillary; racemes siib-l sessile; flowers mostly dioecious: frnit white, subglobose, sniootJ persistent. Along small streams, eastern Oregon to the AtlnnticT States. LEG IJ MINOS /K. 119 R. dlTenlloba T. ik G. VI. I, lilH. ( I'oihox Oak). HtiMiiH oroct and Hlirubby or cIlinblnK by nM)tlotH tittnolMMl to tho bark «)f tn'Ort; U '.'O f.-4't hlRli. UHunlly Honiowhnt piUwHcont: Ioiivoh UHiiaUy :i-rollolatt' raivly '(-I'ollolate: leaflets ovate, olM)vate or elliptical. 1— .1 IiuIioh lonu. obtuHO (ir nc'UtlHU, 3-lol)ed or coarsely toothed, (ran>ly entire), the lobcH and tt't'th rounded: panlcU'H iM'duncled: flowers dIojM'louH: fruit white, '.» :{ lines in diamett-r, frilling soon after maturing. In fon'sts and r«M ky hillsides, Hrlt. Columbia to California. ♦ • I< owers polygamo-diocclous, In short scaly-bracted s[)lke8 preceding the leaves. R. trilobata Nutt. T. & «. FI. i, 210. A shrub 2-.% fi'ot liigii. dif- fusely branclied, more or less pubescent, at length nearly gial)r«»UH: U'live's trlfollulate: leaflets sessile, cuneate-obovate or rhomboldal, 1—2 iiiciu'H lonjf. coarsely tootlied abov4» and often .'Mobed, the segments olitiiKc: spikes of small yellowish flowers 4—0 lines long, approxinuite lit. the <'inls of the branchlets: fruit somewhat viscid, 2— ;i lines In (lliiiiieter. globose, bright red; nut smooth. On gravelly plains and liillsid(>s, along streams, southern Oregon to California and the Uocky Mountains. Ordkb XX Vr. LECirMrNOi^^R Bnrli. Hor. Acatl. ii. 22. Herbs shrnbH or trees with alternate uHually compound stipulate leaves, and usually showy flow ers in axillary or tevniiii- al racemes or spikes, rarely solitary or capitate. Hepals united into a 5-cleft or 5-toothed calvx, the lobes often unequal or variously combined, the odd one iiiferior. Petals 5, sometimes by abortion fewer or wanting, perigynous oi* hy pogynous , ir- regular and unequal, or sometimes regular, distinct or various- ly cohering, the odd one superior. Stamens mostly' 10, diadel- phous (9 and 1^ or monadelphous, sometimes distinct or num- erous, inserted with the petals. Ovary simple, solitary, very rarely two or more, free from the calyx, the style protruding from the upper or ventral suture: stigma simple. Fruit a 1- celled 2-valved pod ('legume j, or sometimes a drupe. Seeds .solitary or several, heterotiopous or anatiopous, sometimes with ah aril or large caruncle : albumen none. Embryo straight or with the radicle bent back along the edge of the cotyledons. Cotyledons thin and somewhat foliaceous, or thick and fleshy. Ours are all of SuBOBDFiR Papilionace.k L. Scpals imbricate or rarely somewhat valvate in the bud. Corolla papilionaceous or other- wise more or less irregular, rarely wanting Stamens 10, rarely fewer, inserted with the petals into the bottom of the calyx, or perigynous. Radicle bent back upon the edge of the cotyledons, or straight. Leaves simple or simply compound. Flowers usu- ally perfect. Tribe i. PoDALvniEii;. Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants with palmate, or pinnate or 8im])le leaves and papilionaceous flowers. Stamens 10, distinct ; anthers uniform. Embryo incurved or inflexed, or often straight. 1. Thermopsla. Herbs with conspicuous stipules, digitatcly trlfoliolate 120 LEGUMINOS^. leaves and yellow flowers in racemes. Tribe ii. Geniste.e. Herbs or shrubs .vitli palmately com- pound or simple leaves and various colored flowers in raceme)* nr solitary. Stamens 10, monudelphous : anthers of two fori<;s. Radical, incurved or in flexed. ♦> Lnpinns. Herbs, rarely shnibby, with various colored flowers in racemes: leaves digitate, mostly of more than 3 leaflets: calyx deeply bilabiate: upper petal witli recurved sides; keel falcate: pods large, straight. S. Ulex. Spinescent slirubs with inconspicuous simple leaves and yel- low axillary flowers. 4. Cytiins. Shrubs with green, often angular branches, palmately or pinnately trifoliolate leaves and solitary or racemose yellow flowers. Tribe hi. Tbifolie;e. Mostly low lierbs with palmately m l)innate!y trifoliolate, rarely 5-7-foliolate leaves and axillary ut terminal, racemose, spicate, capitate or umbellate inflorescence. Corolla papilionaceous. Calyx 5-lobed. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). 5. Medioago. Herbaceous or rarely shrubby plants with palmately tri- foliolate leaves and axillary peduncles: petal? free from the stamens, deciduous: per truncate or barely 2-toothed: ovary about 12-ovuled: pods appressed-silky, 2 inches long or more by 2 lines broad, on a veiy short stipe, usually spreading and often falcate. In the mountains of southern Oregon from the sources of the Willam- ette river to northern California. T. robnsta Howell 1. c. Densely tomentose throughout: stems stout, 4—6 feet high: stipules large, broadly ovate to orbicular-ovate, acut(> at both ends, 2—3 inches long: racemes long, densely many-flowered: bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the pedicels: teeth of the calyx acuminate, tlie upper 2- toothed: fruit not seen. In open forests on top of the Coast Mountains on the old Crescent City \Vaj;on road, collected in June, 1884, not since reported. T. argentata Greene Eryth. iil, 18. Rather slender, a foot or two in height: all the growing parts, and when young the whole plant silvery-canescent throughout with a very dense and minute silky pu- bescence, the mature part also not indistinctly silky and pale: stipules | 6—18 lines long, from broadly to narrowly lanceolate and often slifilit- ly falcate: leaflets of the lowest leaves obtusish and of narrowly cuneate-obovate outline, of the upper from oblanceolate to rhombir- obovate and very acute: raceme short and rather few-flowered: calyx- teeth triangular-subulate and about as long as the campanulate tube: petals of the wings and keel notably longer than the banner: pods I long, spreading, silky-tomentulose. Modoc County, California, perhaps | in southeastern Oregon. Tribe S. Genisteup DC. Prodr. it, llf). Herha or shriihsi irilh niwpfe or compound estipeVaie leaves, and papilionareons floiim.] Stamens 10, monndelphous; anthers of fwn forms. Pod continnovn, 1-r.elled, sometimes intercepted internally, hut not jointed. Radirk incurved or inflexed. 2 LTJPINITS Tourn. L. Gen. n. 865. Herbaceous or rarely shrubby plants with palmately 5-15-foIi(> # # +■ Le inch or verticil toothed L. Noo' often stoi densely v ous-acum iTonate, sated, ne flowers bl 'ong; caj; deeply bit '.V strong! "iHl usual LUPINU8. LEGUMINOSiE. 123 late, rarely 1-folioUito, leaves, small stipules and mostly show y riowers in terminal racemes or bpJ Calyx deeply bilabiate, often 2-bracteolate ; the upper lip., cieft or -toothed, or rarely entire, the lower entire or 8 toothed. Upper petal with the sides lefiexed, the lateral ones foveolate-plicate toward the base, united at the summit, keel falcate, acuminate. Stamens monadelphous, the sheath entire ; alternate filaments longer; the o anthers op- posite the sepals oblong, maturing early, those opposite the pet- als roundish or reniform, matu'-ing later. Stigma bearded : Pod coriaceous, somewhat oblong, more or less compressed, often torulose or intercepted with cellular partitions. Cotyledons tleshy . § 1 Lui'iNus PROPER. Flowers in terminal racemes. Sides of. the upper petal strongly reflexed. Ovary 5-12-0 vuled. Cotyle- dons petioled after germination. * Perennial, Hhrubby, at least at base, tall, branched and leafy: pu- bescence silky, mostly' appressed: leaflets 5-7: petioles rarely much exceeding the leaves; bracts deciduous; flowers large; lips of the calyx nearly equal: ovules 8-12. L. holosericens Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, .ISO. Frutescent. silvery-caues- cent: stems 12—20 inches high, leafy, branching, ascending: leaflets .">— 9, lanceolate, obtuse or acute, luucronulate, narrowed at base, often arcuate, densely sllky-canescent and silvery on both sides, mostly shorter than the petiole or the upper ones as long or longer than the petiole: stipules subulate: flowers verticlllute or somewhat scattered, approxinuite, on short pedi«>l8: bracts lanceolate, shorter than the Howers: calyx bracteolate the upper lip slightly 2-cleft, the lower near- ly as long anu entire: ])etals uright blue, (J lines long or more, the lateral ones broadly oblong. Islands and gravelly banks of the Wil- lamette river, to California. L. propinqnua Greene Eryth. i. 12(i. Shrubby, much branched and bushy, usually 2 — i feet high, all the herbage except the glabrous up- lier surface of the leaves jmberulent; racemes short and short-ped- unded, the flowers indistinctly whorled: bracts squarrose spreading, veiy caducous: lobes of the calyx subequal, the upper notched, often deeply so : iH^tals 5 lines long, subequal, violet, the upper one redden- ing in age; keel strongly ciliate. In damp woods along the coast from Santa Barbara to Crescent City, California; no doubt on the coast of southern Oregon. * * Perennials : stems wlioUy herbaceous, more or less elongated. +■ Leaflets glabrous above or nearlv so, oblong or oblanceolate an inch or more long ; stems mostly succulent and fistulous : flowers sub- verticillate : bracts deciduous : lips of the calyx usually but slightly toothed : ovules 8 or mure. L. NootkatensU Donn Cat. Cant. Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1311. Stems often stout, 1—2 feet long, more or less decumbent, leafy: pubescence densely villous, spreading or subappressed: stipules elongated, setace- ous-acuminate: leaflets 6—8, cuneate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, mu- cmnate, 1—2 inches long, about equalling the petiole: racemes elon- jrated, nearly sessile: bracts linear-lanceolate, equalling the calyx: flowers blue or purplish, verticillate or scattered; pedicels 2—6 inches long; caiyx large, with long setaceous bractlets, the upper lip rather deeply bifld and the lobes often erosely truncate, the lower one usual- ly strongly 3-toothed: petals 8-9 lines long, the keel a little shorter atid usually naked: ovules 0—12: pods 18 lines long. Near the sea. vi :1 It 124 LEGUMINOS^. M-P1NU8. iioitlieru Wnshlngton to the Aleutian Islands. L. polyphyllna Lindl. Bot. Reg. xlli, t, 1090. Stems stout erect, 2—0 feet high, sparingly villous: the bracts calyx and youngest leaves silky-pubesc-ent: stipules triangular to subulate: leaves distant, lonj; I)etioled; leallets 10— 10, in tlie upper leaves often but 8—10, glaln-oiis above, 2-0 inches long by 0—12 lines broad: racemes often 1—2 feet long; bracts oblong-lanceolate, equalling or shorter than the calyx: flowers mostly scattered, blue, purple or white: iK'dicels 3—0 lines long: lips of tlie calyx subse(]ual, entire; brnctlets very caducous, petals equal, 0—7 lines long, keel naked: ovules 8—10: pods an inch long or more. Common from Brit. Columbia to California, west of tli<' the Cascade Mountains. L. Wyethii Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 525. Stems ascending, stout. 0—-- inches high, sparingly leafy: pubescence villous, spreading: stipules setaceous: leaflets 8—12, oblong to oblanceolate, 1—3 inclics long, acute, glabrous aliove; the lower petioles much elongated: racemes 4—10 inches long, often long-peduncled: bracts subulate-set ant with minute oppressed hairs beneath: racemes 4—12 inches lonj:. sl)ort pe. Stems 2—3 feet hifrli. nearly glabrous: stipules lanceolate; lower leaves long-petioled; leaf- lets 7—10, 1-5 inches long, oblanceolate. acute or tlie lower ones obtuse gljibrous above: racemes short and dense, witli the pedicels mostly but 1—2 lines long: flowers l>lue: bracts villous, somewhat persistent: imlM'scence of the calyx somewhat villous, spreading: pods S-seedcd. From Moimt .\dams, Washington, to the falls of the Yellowstoiif. Idaho and Nevp.da. L. liisnlatua Greene Pitt, i, 21.1. Stems clustered, simple, erect. stout and somewhat fistulous. 2—4 feet high, glabrous, a little glaucous: other parts of the plai.t except the upper surface of the leaves more or t,ui less hi] tlieir h lilrsute .1-2 In. VilloHS- keel dt Creek, L. Ill I lent or silky, r, ejite-obl r.icemes violet, large w long; 1 long. 0 as loU; liowerj rous a; L. arci stout, oi: splcuous 1-2 Inc racemes ciduous ( pedicels short, th petals 7 slightly Sea." !•• mill I>re8sed: stipules acutish, sides or 2-3 Incl dilate, . the lowe: ciliate al Mountaii leaflets L. Sab cence sh< oblanceor inches loj pedicels toothed, long, thel Blue Moif L. albil and spre^ high, brJ inches loJ falyx larl LOPiNim. LEGl>MINOS^. 125 H- *- L<>ntlet8 i)iilH'8teiit both sides. loss hirsute: stipules lui Inch hMig.ndimtc for soniethiug less than half iheir length, the elongated-linear acuminate free i»art strongly v"Jous- hirsute: petioles 8—5 Inches long; leaflets about 1>, oblanceolate. acute. 1-2 Inches long: racemes short-peduncled. inches long: bracts villous-cillati?: flowers rather distinctly verticilhite. nearly t! Hues long; keel densely dilate in the middle: ovary very villous, un Crooked ijreek, southern Oivgon. L. Uttoralia Dougl. Bot. Keg. xiv, t. 1108. Stems slender, decum- bent or ascending, 1—2 feet long often nf)t succulent, leafy :i)ul)escence silky, rather thin: stipules linear; leaflets 5—8, oblanceolate or cun- cate-oblong, «J— 12 lines long, the petioles sometimes twice longer: racemes short; bracts setaceous, exceeding the calyx: flowers blue or violet, verticlUate or scattered on iM'dicels 2— .'{ lines long: calyx large wuh small bractlets, ripper lip 2-toothed; petals equal, 0 lines long; keel dilate: ovules and seeds 10—12: pods narrow, 15 lines long. On sand dunes along the coast, Washington to California. ^_ H_ +. Rather sparingly leafy, the lower petioles at least twice as long as the leaflets: racemes loose; bracts mostly deciduous; flowers large, not yellow: ovules 0—7, rarely fewer: leaflets glab- rous above. L. arctlcus Watson 1. c. 526. "Villous or subgiabrous: stems rather stout, one foot high or less, erect or ascending, simple: stipules con- spicuous, acuminate: leaflets (i— 8, cuneate-oblong or oblanceolate, 1—2 Inches long, acute or obtuse, the i)etloles much elongated: racemes 2—4 Inches long; bracts linear about equalling the calyx, de- ciduous or subperslstent: flowers subvertlcillate or scattered, on slender pedicels 2—3 lines long: bractlets wanting or caducous: calyx-ll|)s short, the upper entire or slightly toothed, the lower a little longer; I)etals 7—8 lines long, the upper one shorter: keel iiaked: ovary iilightly hairy, 5— 7-ovuled. Near the coast, AVashlngtou to the Polar Sea." L. muoronnlatns Howell Eryth. I, IW). Pul>esoenoe short and ap- pressed: stems slender, decumbent, 2— «> Inches long, 2—3 leaved: stii)ules subulate; leaflets 6—10, obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, mucronulate, 1—2 inches long, sparingly pubescent on both sides or glabrous alwve: peduncles equalling the leaves: racemes 2—3 inches long, rather dense; bracts setaceous: flowers subvertl- cillate, purple or ochroleucous; upper lip of the calyx acute, entire, the lower longer, narrow, subentlre: petals 4—5 lines long, equal, keel ciliate above the middle. On dry hillsides, eastern base of the Coast Mountains In Josephine County, Oregon. ■•- H- •^- -«- Leafy and branching : the petioles not longer than the leaflets : flowers large : subvertlcillate: bracts deciduous: ovules 6-8. L. Sabinll Dougl. Hook. Fl. I, 166. Stems erect, 2 feet high: pubes- cence short, appressed, silky: stipules long, setaceous; leaflets 8—11 oblanceolate, 12—18 lines long, acute, silky both sides, racemes 6—10 inches long, rather dense and long-peduncled : bracts linear-setaceous; pedicels 3 — 4 lines long; calyx minutely braeteolate, upper lip shortly toothed, the lower longer and entire; petals yellow, equal, 7—8 lines long, the upper one eraarglnate, naked, keel dilate: ovules 7. In the Blue Mountains of Oregon. L. albioauUs Dougl. 1. c. 165. Pubescence short, more or less villous and spreading or appresssed: cespltose; stems slender, erect, 1—3 feet high, branched, whitish: stipules linear-setaceous: racemes 4—12 inches long, short-peduncled; bracts subulate: pedicels ?- 3 lines long: calyx large, u.- lips nearly equal, upper one narrow, shortly 2-toothed, ^v li 126 LEGUMINOH^. UTPINUB. lower one subentire: petals equal, 5—7 lines long, blue, violet or whit- ish, the upper one acute, naked, keel strongly falcate, naked: ovules 5—7: pods 1—2 Inches long, 4—5 lines wide, 3—6 seeded. From the Co- lumbia to the Sacramento Valley. L. omatuB Dougl. Bot. Reg. xiv, t. 1216. Stems decumbent or as- cending: pubescence short, more or less silky, mostly appressed: stipules setaceous: leaflets 5—7, oblanccolate or cuneate-oblong, 8—24 lines long, acute or acutish: racemes 3—8 inches long, usually short- peduncled: bracts short, subulate or ovate; . i>edicles 2— .3 lines long: calyx-lips nearly equal, the upper rather shortly toothetl or bifid, the lower subentire; petals blue, equal, 5—7 lines long, the upper one acutish, subsilky on the back; keel cillate: ovules 5— 8. pods 15 lines long, 3—4 lines bmad. From the Columbia river to California. ■*- ^- ■*- -t- +■ Leaves distant lower petioles elongated; leaflets not smooth above: racemes mostly dense. L. ■nlphnrens Dougl. -.ook. Fl. i, 166. Stems erect slender, sul- cate, silky: leaflets 13—15, narrowly lanceolate, densely sericeous on both sides, shorter than the petiole, whitish: stipules subulate, short: flowers somewhat verticillate, in a dense thick raceme: calyx ebrac- teolnt<\ very silky: flowers small, pale sulphur-color, keel glabrous. On the Blue Mountains of Oregon. L. BericeiiB Pursh Fl. 468. Rather stout, suberect, 1—2 feet high: pubescence more or less coarsely villous or subsilky, spreading: stipules usually long-setaceous: leaflets 5—8, rarely 10, narrowly oblanccolate, 1—3 inches long, acute; racemes 8hort-i)eduncled ; bracts deciduous, sub- ulate-setaceous often mucli exceeoing tlie calyx; flowera subverticillate or scattered, on short pedicels blue, pink or white; calyx strongly gibbous, minutely bracteolate, densely silky-villous, the lips nearly equal, 6 lines long, keel ciliate: ovules 4—6: pods densely haii-y, an inch long. Common from Washington to northern California and Nevada. L. ■azoina Howell Eryth. i, 110. Stems simple, decumbent or as- cending, 4—10 inches long, soft-pubescent Avith spreading hairs: stipules subulate: leaflets 8—12, densely appressed-silky beneath, sparsely so above, 6—12 lines long, acute or obtusish: racemes dense, 2—3 inches long, short-peduncled: bracts lanceolate, acuminate, caducous: flow- ers subverticillate. on short slender pedicels: upper lip of tlie calyx bifld, the lower a little longer, trifld: petals equal, 6 lines long, bright blue, the upper one obtuse, smooth, keel ciliate: ovules 4—5: potls villous. On high stony ridges in the John Day Valley, eastern Oregon, and the Klickitat hills, Washington. Ii. lenoopliyllnB Dougl. Bot. Reg. xiii. t, 1124. Stout, 2—3 feet high, branching, leafy, densely white-silky throughout: stipules long-setace- ous or subulate: leaflets 7-10. oblanceolate or cuneate-oblong. 1—3 inclies long, acute, the petioles about equalling the leaflets or the lower ones twice longer: racemes sessile or nearly so, very dense. 6—12 inches long: bracts subulate or linear, subpersistent or deciduous, longer than lae buds: flowers scattered or subverticillate. nearly sessile: calyx minutely bracteolate. upper lip rather broad, more or less villous, keel ciliate. On damp hillsides. Brit. Columbia to Califor- nia and iNCW Mexico. Flowering from May until heavy frosts in au- tumn. Ii. oanesoens Howell, 1. c. Rather stout, strict, 2—3 feet high, at length branching, silky-canescent or the inflorescence hirsute: leaflets 8—12, lanceolate, acuminate, 1—3 inches long, densely appressed-villous on both sides: racemes short-peduncled, dense, 8—10 inches long: 1.UPINC8. LEGUMINO^S^. W bracts somewhat persistent, subulate, about equalling the ojilyx: flow- ers subvertlclllate, on stout pedicels a line long or nioiv: upper lip of the calj'x bifltl, the lower subentlre: petals 4 lines long, equal, the upper one rather broad, pubescent outside, keel cilate. By small streams, western base of Buck Mountain, easteni Oregon, L. lepldna Dougl. Bot. Reg. xlv, t, 1149. Stems slender, G— 24 inches liigli, leafy at base, densely appressed silky: stipules setaceous: leaf- I lets 7— 9, narrowly oblanceolate, 9—18 lines long, acute, petioles much t'loiisated: racemes 2—8 inches long, many-flowered: bracts not ex- L'eediug the calyx, caducous:' flowere in near verticils or scattered: Ledicels 1—2 lines long: upper lip of the calyx 2-tootiied or deeply (cleft, the lower 3-toothed or sul)entire: petals violet, equal, '* lines I long, the keel cillate: ovules 4—0: pods an inch long. In prairies and I plains, Puget Sound to the Klamath Lakes. ■>-■*-■*■■*-■*-■>- vStems leafy: iwtioles sliort: racemes Hhort-pedunc- led: bracts deciduous, mostly short: flowers usually small, not yellow: ovules ;} — 5. L. fleznoans Lind. in Agh. Syn. Lup. 34. Stems ascending or decum- Ibent, 18 inches high, branching pubescence short, silky, appressed, or Isubvillous on the leaves: stipules linear-setaceous: leaflets 6—8, ob- lanceolate, 12—18 lines long, acute, silky on both sides: racemes 3—6 Inches long or more; bracts lanceolate-setaceous, equalling or much exceeding the calyx; flowers subvertlclllate, on pedicels 2—3 lines Bong: lips of the calyx nearly equal, the upper slightly toothed, the lower subentlre; bractlets short, setaceous; petals blue or flesh-color, Ipqual, 5 lines long, the upper one very hairy, keel strongly ciliate: [ivules 4—5; pods an Inch long. Columbia valley to the Rocky Moun- tains. L. parriflorns Xutt. II. & A. Bot. Beech. .^aS. Stems strict, usually iilltary, slender, erect 2—3 feet high, at length branching: pubescence kciiuty. sliort, ajjiiressed, tlie calyx and pedicels silky: stipules setace- bns: leaves ratlier distant; leaflet.s ;">- 11, oblanceolate to obovate, -2 inches long, acute or obtuse, mucionulate, glabrous above, the {(iwcr ones shorter than the petioles: racemes 6—12 inches long, slen- I'v, bracts linear-subulate, equalling the calyx; flowers subverticlllate |i' scattered, the slender pedicels 1—2 lines long: lips of the caiyx Icarly equal, the upper bifld: petals light blue, equal, 3—4 lines loiig, lifl ciliate or naked: pods 9— 10 lines long, 2—4 seeded, pubescent. In the mountains, from the Columbia river to nortliern Utah and the liisenilte Valley, California. JL. laziflorns Dongl. Bot. Reg. xiv, t. 1140. Stems cespitose, erect ortis- ludiug, 1—2 feet high, slender, at length much brauclied: pubescence liiiuite, silky, appressed: stipules setaceous, mostly very small: leaf- Its (!— 8, narrowly oblanceolate, canaliculate, arcuate, 1—2 inches long. Vute, appressed-silky both sides or nearly smooth above, at least halt" fi long as the petioles: racemes rather loose, 3—6 inches long: bracts lilmlnte, deciduous: flowers subvertlcllate or scattered, on slender ^'u.cels 2—4 lines long; cal.vx ii.uTowed and nioi-e or less spurred at iisc, minutely bracteolate, the upper lip broad, shortly 2-toothed lnw(n- 111' a little longer, almost oblong or broadly lanceolate, subentir«>'- pet- Is blue to white or yellowish. 3-5 lines long, equal, the upper one sub- libescent, keel villous ciliate in the middle; ovules 4—5; pods silkv- liliescent. Common from Vancouver Island to northern California Ttah and Montana. ' ITar. montanns Howe;; Eryth. ill. .33. Leaflets silky both sides lilier shorter than the type: calyx dense-silky, prominentlv spurred' »' upper lip moi-e distinctly toothed. On Mount Hood, near the line 1 pprpetual snow. ^■f 128 LEGUMlNOByE. 1.UIM.NC8. L. arKenteuB Pursh Fl. 4«8. Silvery canesceut : stems erect or asci'inl- Ing, cespltose,!— 2 feet high, slender uud branchlug: pubescence nilmiif. silky, appressetl: stipules small: leaflets 5—8, linear-lanceolate, 1 :• Inches long, acute, smooth above or nearly so, about e(iualllng the pet- ioles: racemes 2— (5 ln<'hes long, nearly sessile: flowers subvertlclll.ile or scatteivd; in-dicels 1—2 lines long; calyx campanulare, gibbous Imt not spurred at bast\ upper lip broad, 2-toothed, the lower subentiiv, slightly longer; iwtais blue or cream-color, e. IMalns of the Columbia and Snake rivers. * * * Dwarf, short stemmed, mostly cespitose : racemes mostly short and deuHc : bracts Hubpersistent ; tlowers subverticillate, short- Eeduncled : calyx with the upper lip deeply cleft, the lower ;>- tootheil, eel ciliate : ovules '6 — (5 : pods hairy, I — 4-8eeded. L. c6ipltosna Nutt. T. & U. Fl. I, 370. Stems very slior^ and cespi- tose: pubescence dense, villous, api)re88ed: leaflets 5 — 7, oblanceoliitc, <»— 12 lines long, acute, the petioles thrice longer: racemes sessile, shorter than the leave.?: bracts setaceous, exi-eedlng the calyx; pet ills pale blue, equal. 3—4 lines long, the upi)er one narrow, 2 lines bro.id: pods 6 lines long. Eastern Oregon to Colorado. L. aridns Dougl. Bot. Reg. xv, t. 124. Stems cespltose, 2—3 liulics long, with rather long Internodes: pubescence sllky-hlrsute, fulvous, appressed: leaflets r>— 7, oblanceolate, acute, P— 12 lines long, the pft- loles 3 — 4 times longer: racemes dense, 2—3 Inches long, the peduncles] shorter thiui the leaves: bracts nearly iniualllug the calyx: upper of the calyx shortly toothed, the lower subeutire petals purple, 5 lines I long, nearly twice longer than the calyx, tho elliptical upper one usuiii ly shorter: pods 5 lines long, very hairy, in sandy or gravelly places, | Washington to California. L. liobbii Gray In Herb. Watson 1. c. 533. L. oridvn var. Lohhii Wau son. Stems cespltose, 1—3 Inches long, leafy: pubescence silky. aii| pressed: leaflets 5—7, oblanceolate to obovate, r>— 8 lines long, the pet- ioles 2—3 times longer: racemes dense. 1—2 inches long, peduncles! shorter than the leaves: bracts nearly equalling the calyx: upper li;) of the calyx deeply bifld, the lower slightly trifld; petals purple, the upper one orbicular. In alluvial prairies and hillsides, Washington to| California. li. mimimns Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 163. Appressed silky-viUous, 3-61 inches high: leaflets 5—9. obovate or lanceolate, 3—8 lines long, mostlvl acutish, the petioles 3—4 times longer: pedicels equalling or exceediiid the leaves: bracts short, deciduous: calyx half the length of tliel petals, upper Up deeply bifid; petals purple,4— 5 lines long, equal, tliel upper one orbicular. Eastern Oregon and Washington. L. CnsicUi Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxii, 469. Caneseent throii!;li'| out with soft appressed hairs: stems 2 — 1 inches high, much brancliedj from the biennial or perennial root: leaflets 5—8 oblanceolate, sllglitl,r[ less villous above, 3—9 lines long, the petioles usually elongated: |)ed| imcles mostly very short, the loosely few-flowered racemes shorter tliaq the leaves: flowers purple, 3—4 lines long: calyx narrowly lobe 1—3 lines long; upper petal glabrous, keel ciliate: pods villous witii short appressed hairs, 2—3 seeded, 4—5 lines long. On sterile hill.>*i(les Union County, Oregon. L. Breweri Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vi, 334. Stems 2—6 inches long from a spreading branched woody caudex, very leafy: pubescene dense, villous, appressed: leaflets 7—10 obovate. obtuse, 4 — 6 lines lot the petioles 1—2 tunes longer: racemes very short; peduncles e(iuali| Ing the leavf s: bracts short; lips of the calyx nearly equal, the npi 'iiif th'ei lilin',«'qii ki.vDii an ct'iicc; M Icjiflcts 5 liiiM's Ion lu'iicts shi line* long I'liii:. Coi v.'iilfi Mou * « * cjilyx 2-] L. oarn< fct't high, pi'c,s.s».d, II lines long, 3— .'{ times I l.v cxceedii [entire; ])e entire: jjctj piHls fleshy j County, c'a L. mlora] Jinj; from tl jK'iit: leaflc j<.!•:. 129 <|iiiill.v looilicd; iM>tiila lilut',«' ui>|K>i' out' oi'lticiiliir. Alitiiic, on tlu> SiH- kivDii Mild SitM-ru Ncviulu Mountnlus. L. Lyallii (ira.v 1. r. CaiU'Hct'iit witli dt'iiso iipiircsstMl villouH iml)t>8- ciiKt': stems h'lil'y. li— 0 Jiiclics louj,', Iroiii a sjtn'adlnv; woody caiuk'x: h'jitlt'ts 5—7, ohovaU', .'^—4 lines loiiy, a<'Utisli. the slender iK'tlolen ,i— 4 times huiger: racemes v«'ry sh(»rt, the pedieels exeeedliiK lie leaves: linuts short: lijis of the ealyx nearly equaT; i»etals pnrple or blue, 5 lines long, nearly equal, the uiiper one elliptieiil: poils silUy, 4— ti lines Imiv'. Common on the hiyilK'st jtoints of the <'aseade and Sierra N«'- v.-iila Mountains from Washington to California. * * * ♦ Kieet annuals: leatlels mostly '»— 7: upper lip of the rjilyx 2-parted or Mtid: keel mostly elllate. L. o»rnosnlu8 ougl. Hot. Keg. xv. t, 12-~1. Stems slender, branch- linj; from the base, t^— 8 Inches lomr, i)ilos«'-pubescent. not at all succu- Jlcnt: leatlets 5—7, narroMly line;' • to liiiear-sp;itulate, (!— IS lines long, Inn jietioles twh-e h>nger: raceiiu's peduncled; tloMcrs more or less dis- llinetly vertlclllate; bracts shorter than tln^ calyx; iiedldes 1— .'< lines lidnjr; upper lip of th»» calyx with divergt'Ut hdies, lower lip htnger, Itntlre; petals barely exceeding tlie calyx, 2 lines hiiig, the upper one Isliort. orbicuiar, mucronulat*'. blue with white dots in tlie centre, lateral Tones narrow . ajtpressed, dark blr.e, keel wooly-ciliate towanl thenpex: mods an inch long, ."•— 4 liiM's broad, ai)pressed-pnb«'s<-ent, .5— 7-seeded: JHi'tMls gra.vish Avith a thirk diagonal line near the hiluin. In o]ien places nlong streams, AVashington to California. L. bioolor Lindl. Hot. i{eg. xiii. t, 110J>. Stems stoutish, (5—10 inches lii;;h. erect, diffusely branched, sometimes simple, silky-pilose: stipules linear-lanceolate: leatlets ,■»— S. une(|ual, narrowly oblanci^olate, obtuse nr ix-utish, (J— 10 lines long, appressed-silky both sides, the petioles jl-4 times longer: racemes long-peduncled ; bracts setaceous, shorter jiian the calyx. decidu«)us; flowers in 2 — 1 verticils, on stout pedicels line or more long; upjier lip of the calyx deei)ly cleft, the lower a little longer and slightly .'{-cleft; petals l\—4 lines long, the upper one Vbicuiar. blue with a white dotted Avith blue stripe wn the center, litenil ones broadly obovate, dark blue, keel cillate: pods an inch long py .'! lUies broad, densely a))pressed-silky, 4— (> seeded; seeds light [tiowii. In open places, Washington to (California. I L. trif idus Torr. in Watson Troc. Am. Acad. viii. .">;>5. Stems slender. -10 incheshigh. branclu'd from the base, pubescent throughout with ather coarse more or h'ss spreading whitish hairs: stii>ules linciir- Jinoeolate. aduate for half their length: leaflets ,5—8. unequal, linear- lliianceolate. obtuse, not half as long as the iH^tioles: bracts deciduous, Inpiir-lanceolate. 2—3 lines long: upixn* lip of the calyx deeply cleft, 111' segments divergent, lower lip a little longer, trifld: Hewers veiil- jilliite. en pedicels a line long; i»etals nearly .'] lines long, the upper ■lie orbicular, blue and white, the lateral ones dark blue, keel cillate llxno tln« middle. On dry hillsides, southern Oregon to California. ■■f 130 M.GUM1N().<.K. MTI'INIM. I'LRX. g 2 I*L.\TY»AUiM)s Watson Proc. Am. Ariul. viii, '"^^^X. Flt»\\;; upper li|) of the calyx narrow, ahoat a lln«' hiUK, lo\v»'r lip 4 Hues long, upper petal <»hloU{j;, shorter than the others: ikmIs viUniis: seeds 2 lines lon^r, l)la<-k, rou);h. Houthern Oregon to Callforula. L. miorooarpus Sims Hot. Ma^;. t, l'4i:i. KriH-t au. cuneati'-ohlong, 1 — li inelies htng, obtuse and imi eronulate or emarginate. smttotli above: Mowers in close verticils, mi IH'ilicels 1—2 lines long; l»ra<'ts sulnilate-seta«eous, eiiualling the cmIvx or shorter; calyx dense viUous. lower lip large ;{-t«K»tlied, the midijji' tooth small; upper lip very short. sul>-scarious, 2-toothed; pti.ils purple to white or cream-eolor, ti— 7 lines long, the keel slightly ciii;iic; jmkIs villous, S lines long. 8. Rather stout, .'{—10 incla's high, dlHiiscly branched from the base, hirsute with long spreading hairs; lenilitsi usually "), cuneate-oblong or oldauceolate. It— 1."» lines long, .mcuic (ir obtuse, nearly glabrous iiltove, about half as Itmg as the petinlcs: raeenu's sliort-pediuicled or sessile, not ex<'eeding tlie leaves. 2—:? indies long: p«'dicels 2—." lines long; upp«'r lip of the calyx 2-ch>ft. the lowir subentire; petals purple or rose-coh>r. 4 lines long, e«|ual: seeds nc.ni.v 2 lines broad. On sanuy plains, eastern Washington to the Missomil river niid N«'w Mexico. L. brevicaulis Wat.son Bot. King ,>'{. t. 7. Stems short or iicirhl wanting: leaves 1—4 inches high, pubescent with spreading liiiii>;: leaflets mostly 7, cuneate-olM)vate, 5—7 lines long, rounded at the jiiiix; raceuH-s dense. 1—2 inches long, the peduncles nearly e(|U.'illin,u' tin' leaves: upper lip of the calyx very short or truncate, searious, the low er one subentire: petals blue. 8— ."> lines long, e(]ual. Southeastern .*ils. Petal.s short, iin- guicuhite, suheciual the upper one not reflexed. Stamens lU, monadelphous ; anthers in two sets, the outer ones sh.,rl mikI versatile, the inner long and hasitixed. Ovary sessile, in;iii\- ovuled ; style smooth, incurved ; stigma eaj)itate. U. Enropaena L. Sp. 741. A dense shrub 3—0 feet high, the numerous Bhort branches villous, ending in a sliort spine: lower leaves sdiiic- times lanceolate, more connnouly reduwd to spines, (J lines long: tiow- era tJ lines long, yellow, solitary in the axil of a spinescent leaf, often crowded «)n the short branchlets: «'alyx villous; upper petal ovntf, obtuse, liardly erect: p<)ds few-seeded, but little longer than tlie cjilyx. LKCJl'MINOS.K. 131 rVTIHIH. MKIUCAOO. ()ii Hnudy plniiiK alwut the iiiuiith of the <'«)luiiil)ia river. liitrutluriMl from Eur«>i>«*. 4 CYTISrs L. iimi»tcly trirMliolatc leaves, inimite or ineoii.. iiioiia!i'eeii iiniiiclii'H; Hparinjjly Iciity, leafietH jilalirous, often 1 only: Howors laiye, iiri).'lit yellow, solitary or in jmirH alonjj the branchlets, in the leaf-axils and apparently ra«'eiiiose: )i(>(Ih ])iloHe aloii>; the margins. ]k;eoniiiig «'oniiiion in many places. In- tiMiliieed from Knrope. Tribe iL. Trlfolieiv liromu D(\ Pnuh\ il, 171. Kircl or pro- nimheni, wontly lou: herhx, rtirrli/ n lifilc .shrtihln/, irltfi pulvinlrhi or pinnately trifoliohitr, rttrcly 't-T-fnliol'itc Irarr^:, thr It'ofctx nftrn loolhed or nerri(l(itt', and (txiVary or terviiiial, rorcwoxe, Hpinitc, rapitate or viiihdhtte 'niflorcuri'iirr. CoroJhi popilioixircoiifi. Sie- mens diadelphovH. Pod rontiniiovH, 1-cd\ed. acrernl-nct'dt'd avd de- hinrent, or one to fcir-Heeded and neiirly indchixn'nt. Jltidirlc ia- jfexed. ' V ^ 5 MEDirA(;0 Tourn. L. (len. u. 8«»i». Herbaceous, o\- rarely shrubby, plants with i)almately tritolio- late leave", often incised stipules, and axillary, 1-2- or niany- tlowered peduncles. Calyx somewhat eylindrieal, /)-clel"t. Keel (tf the corolla remote from the upi)er jietal. Pod usually many- seeded, of various forms, falcate or spirally coiled. .M. SATiVA Moris. Hist, ii, 150. (Ai.k.ai.ka). Perennial; (ilahrous: stems trt'ct, 2-4 feet high : leaflets ('nneate-ol)long or ohianceolate, toothed above, inncronate; stipules lanceolate, somewhat tf)otlie(l: (lowers numerous, racemose, violet : jwds spirally coiled, unarmed. Fields and roadsides, cparingly introtluced. M. LUPULiNA L. Sp. 779. Annual, slender, juvicumhent, 1-2 feet long, soft-hairy : leaflets oiKJvate, small : flowers minute, in small, oblong heads ; yellow: pod small, reniform or curved almost into a ring, black when ripe, l-seeded. Klickitat Co., Washington. Introduced from Asia. M. DENTicur.ATA 'VVilld. .*^p. iii, 1414. (Bcr-Ci.ovkk). Annual, much branched, decumbent, glabrous : leaflets obovate or obcordate, denticulate : [flowers 2-3, yellow: pods coiled into 2 circles, their mai-gins armed with I hooked prickles. Introduced from Asia, fi MELILOTUS Tourn. Inst. t. 22« L. Cien. n. 899 (Swkkt Ci.ovkk). Kre:?t herb< with pinnately trifoliolatc leaves and small fra- i:* «i 188 KK«iUMINOS.i;. MKLII.OTUH. TRII''OUl'M. ^jraiit rtcnvcTH in slnnl«'r uxilliiry rincincs Calyx tiiltulnr m (>iiin|itinuliitf, r)-tu()tli()l, |M>i-sist«i)t. ('nrolln dociduous, tlic ii|i|<'! l»rtiil tVcu', loufJttu- tliaii lilt' liitciiil oiuk, k liitcnil ones, idl tVcc from tlu* ntiininiv Hliiiuciis diadclplious. StyU' (ililorni. I'ods (•(iriaccoiis, (jloli.,, or ovoid, loiigrr tlinn tli<' calyx, scan-fly dehiscent, one to I- u swdcfl. M. Inimca All. Kl. I'cd. 1, ;iO;!. M. jxiffijltift l)e»v. SttMiiH ert'ct or a. ct'niliii^, with HpivadiiiK bran<>lu>H, l-.'t tVi't lii^li, from an tmnual i i ItuiHi'tH III' the lower leaves feet lii^li from a liiennial root : leaflets ovate-ohlonK, tramtate at the aitux, mucni- nate, remotely serrate; stipides setaceous: racemes elongated, paniclcd, Inose; teeth of tl;:> calyx uneqaal, as lonm as the IuIr^; corolla white, 2-:, lines long, more than twice the length of tia; calyx, the upper \A'Xa.\ loiiuii than tiie others: |»ods ovate, wrinkled, two-seeded. Along streams an! river Itottoms. Iiitroiliu'cfl. 7 TKIFOLU'M Tourii. Inst. t. 1'2«. \.. (Jen. n. HW. (Ci-ovkk). Herbs with palinately or pinnatcly triloliidatc, rarely r>-7-t'olin late, leaves with adnate stij>nles, and usually numerous Howi r> in capitate racemes, spikes or umhels. on axillary or apparent!} terminal peduncdes. Calyx "i-cdi'l't or -parted, with nearly ei|iiMl teeth, ])crsistent. Petals jursistent, imjiuiculate. the claws ;ill more or less adnate t(» the staminal tube, or the upper one iVci keel short, obtuse. Stamens diadelplious. Pods concealed with in or little exserted from the calyx. l-()-secded, dehiscent or in dehiscent. 55 1. LrrrxASTKK Moncli. DC. i'rodr. ii. 2().'>. llead.i not in I volucrate, dense : leaflets .'>-7, rarely only .'> ; flowers sessile itectli of the calyx nearly equal, filiform, plumose: ]»erennialH. T. iiiesr«t**phHlUMi Nutt. Gen. ii, 105 (?). Stems sttait, 4-8 inciifj long, from a stout ])ereninal rf)ot, detaimhent or ascending, villous, I-:'- leaved below, and a i)air of opposite ones at the summit; stipules foli;i- ceous, the lower one-s lanceolate to oblong, irregularly incised with acumi- nate lobes, to almost entire, the pair subtending the pxluncle oblitiuoly ovate, ()-8 lines long by 4-() lines broad, laciniately lobi^J and tootlu'il: leaflets 5-7, obovate to oblanceolate, 4-10 lines long, spinaloHe-dentati.l apicjilate, obtuse or emarginate, stronglv veined: ]>eduncle sttmt, apiiar ently terndnal, longer than the leaves: flowers many, in dense caultnh spikes, very shortly pediceled, an inch or more long, ochroleucous and piii ])le: tube of the calyx 1-2 lines long, the setaceous i>lumoHe teetii .>'! times longer; upi»er*petal broad, free, longer than, and enfolding the otlii ers, wings and keel unguiculate, the claws adnate to the staminal tiil>i:| IkkIh sessile, eiliate near the aiwx. otherwise smooth, 4-l-n'M. hular M inplt't' Iv ,. t<» I' ''\ rt'i;t •»!• .{' rinual i' ■•! f tlu' uvi' I )He; flow. I - he lon^tl' "' I, 2-Bt'*Ml,Ml, } feet hi«li. inex, niu.M- (I, panifli'il. hi whiu-, J-i ■ j)etal lt>ii>!«i HtreainH mi'! Cl-OVKU)- [y r>-7-tuli" jippaniitl} learly cqiiiil ciaws :ill r oiu> I'rt'i': ealud with rtccnt or in iKIKOI.irM. LKit:iti u'.ous and i>ui oHe teetli •>' )l(ling tlu' («ili staminal tiil'^' ivuled, nsuiill) Ungton. Lee, l-:'» 'w^]\ TcaneHcent witl iipproHHeil Imary |»ulK'H«Tn»'u tliruiiglitiiit : l«>atU'ts :>-.'), uIkiv dc t<» uMaiu'oo- lutc, courwly Herratc, :t-<( lint'H long: ntipulcH nioHtly Hcanour* iiiid intlated: |H'iliin('leH Hrioi'tcr than tlu' It^aves; HowerH tVw, '.\-4 linrn lonj;, <>n short IKslict'ls: tteth of the ^•al.^ inear, bnt littlf h»nger than tlu* IuIk', ,i third nti'irter than the petals :i)V;iiy densely vilhaiH, 'J-ovnlel,l^^r. Heads not involuernte: |MM)nnel<'s lenui iial or apparently so : jiuwers sessile or nearly su. * M(»re or less pnlK'sei'iit: teeth of the ealyx limner than tlu- tiilie, vrry narrow: sti]inles linear or laneeolat«', aeuininntc -•- Teeth of the ealyx plumose or hidry. • ■••• I'Mowers never retlexed. T. al hop u I* pure 11 III T. i'^ (i. I-'I. i, :!i:!. 7'. Muvnri of uuthors not II. i% A. Somewhat villous, with appressed or snreading hairs: stems slender, l)raiit'hin>;, <(-l2ineheH hi^h : from an annual root : stipules ovate to laneeo- liite, long-aeiindnate: leaflets ohuvate to narrowly <»hlon>r, ohtiise or re- tuse. serrulate alMive the middle, 2-<> lines loiij;: flowers in dense, ovate -Icnder-pednneled heails, sessile, dark pnrple; ealyx verv villous, the stnu)Jtht tiliforni plumose teeth as lon^ as the petals, somewiuit spreading: IH'tals seareely eonnet!ted : ovary pulieseent: po, nearly Cntire, glabmns alK>v«', 1-2 inehes long; heads of llowers ovate, dense, nearly sessile, hraeteate; teeth of the ealyx setaeeons, liiiiry, the lower one mueh longer than the other fonr, whieh are equal 1111(1 about half as long us the corolla ; jn'tals puritlish-red, all united into a IuIk' at the base. ISuadsides and eultivated fields, common. T. loii|rlp<'K Nutt. T. it (}. Fl. i, ;iH. (ilabnms or nearly so: stems Itiect or ascending from spreading |K'rennial roots, (»-2(l inches higli, stout: jstipules mostly narrow, entire or uparsely toothed, apiculate: leaves long- nietioled; leaflets lanceolate to ovate, entire or ndiuitely aringly villous, a line long, the setaceous teeth minutely plumose; 5-7 jiines long, nearly e<|ualling the <'orolla ; upiM-r ix'tal free, the others united Iwith the stannnal tube: ovary pubeswnt at the aix'X, shortly stipitate, t-4-ovuled. In wet places and about ?ediei1late, in loose heads. From the Rocky ^Mountains to lie Pacific. •«■ ,■»► Flowers at length retlexeil. I T. erioceplialuiii Nutt. 1. e. ill:!. Villous with sjn-eading hairs, stems Meet, (5-10 intrhes high or more, fromastuut ])erennial root: stiiiules linear li.'rei»iii!il root: stipules liiie;ir to lanceolate, entire or dentate, an inch or more long; leaflets linear to on lanceolate, irre^'ularly dentate, 1-3 inches long, ap|)reHsed pubescent In- ne;ith ; Howers in dense oblong heads, on rather long pedicels, at length rellexed: tube of tlu' calyx appressed-puhescent, less than a line loin;, the subulate teeth 2-3 lines long, less than half as long as the petals : ovary di'iisely tomentose. In alluvial prairies, Harney valley southeasterii Oregon. r. (^re^caiiiiiii Howell Kryth, i, 110. rerennial; stems decumbent nr ascending, (5-8 inches long; herbage glabrous orthe pi'tioles and peduncles appressed-silky ; stii)ules linear or the upper ones lanceolate, acute, entire or serrati' al)ove the middle; leaflets linear-oblong to lanceolate, entire or denticulate, r)-12 lines long; Howers pinkish or light red in loose sulmmbei- late heads.- the short i)edicels retiexed in age ; tuiie of the calyx minutely villous, a Vuw long, the sul)ulaie-setuceous teeth twice longer: ovary snjooth, stipitate. 3-4-ovuled. In moist places, eastern base of the Count Mountains, near Waldo, .Ii>sephine Co., Oregon. *■ * til.ibrous ii.'rennials : teeth of the calyx sulmlate, rigid, con- torted, twice longer than the tube: tioweis sessile, not reHexed : sti- pules laiu;eolate, acuminate. T. altissiniiim Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, i;>(), t, 48. Krect, stout, a foot or more high: stijiules very long, toothed ; leaHets narrowly oblanceolate, very acute, 2 inches long, strongly veinetl, the veins exciirrent: flowers in dense olilong or ovate spikes, 0-8 lines long; lower tooth of the calyx stnu.rht, th.' others curve I or twistfd : p^'tals red: ovary smooth, 2-ovuled. Kastern Oregon and Washington to Idaho. * * * (rlabrous throughout: teeth of the calyx straight, scarcely longer than the tube: stipules lanceolate to ovate: flowers on very f'hort i>;Hlicels, at length reflexed: perennials. T. Bpt'kwltlill Brewer Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 128, Stout: leaflets obldiig to oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, 1-2 inches long, coarsely veiiiei andtotthel: flowers 7-i> lines long, in. dense globose heads; teeth of the cilyx liiu'ar-siibulate : ovary 2-<)-ovuK'd. Southern Idaho to noitliern California. T. KiilKrii Watson Bot. King, .W. (^lender, (1-8 inches high: stipules iancL'olate to ovate, entire or the uppL'r ones dentate ; lower leaflets round- ovate to obloirz, obtuse, upj)?r ones liiiear-olilong to lanceolate, acute, all scrrite: flowers in oltloiig spikes, the rachis often produced above the head with a few -pinescent bracts; teeth of the calyx thin, subulate, a lint' long, but little if any longer than the tiiiu', ab:mt one-third tiie ienirth of tho |iurplisli corolla. In moist places, eastern base of the Ciis- caile Mountains at Camp I'olk, Oregon, to California, Ctah and Montana. T. Howellii Watson Proc. Am. Acail. xxiii, 2(12. Stems stout, erect, 1-.'! U'vt high : stipules of the lower leaves narrowly lanceolate, of the upper ones ovate, all entire: ])etioles short; leaflets mostly cuneate-oblanceolate, l-;> inciies long irregularly-toothed jHiduncles axillary, longer than the leaves; flowers white, in father dense ovate or oblong heads, 4-45 linei' I long; teeth of the calyx subulate, about a.^ long as the tule; upper iK'tal oi)loiig, (-7 lines long, mucn hmger tiian the others, free ; ovary 2-ovuleil; nilFOLIUM. le(;limin<>s.e. 135 jmhIs l-2-Heeck>-18 inches high from a slen- der annual root: stipules ovate-lanceolate, setacenus-actuninate, entire : atlefs linear-cuneate to obcordate, sparsely dentate, more or less deeply liotelied at the apex, the midnerve excurrent in the centre, 4-8 lines long: iuneles exceerairies, western Washington to /alifornia. T. I'Hoci'MBEXS L. Sp. 772. PuU'scent; stems procumbent to sub-erect, ilender. 4-12 inches long: leaves short-ju'tioled, pinnately-trifoliolate ; jtiimles rather foliaceous, ovate, ciliate, mostly shorter than the ]H'tiole; caHets cuneate-obcordate or cuneate-oblong and emarginate, denticulate, Die lower pair distant from the terminal one ; flowers on slender axillary |i'diineles, in small ovate heads, soon reflexed; teeth of the calyx un- V|ua!, the two upper ones very short ; jK'tals yellow, the upper one 'striate riien did: pods 1-seeded. Common in fields and roadsides. Introduced pini Europe. § o. Involucr.miiim T.&G. Fl. i, .'il7. Heads of ilower.s sub- I'Dded by a inonophyllous, usually many-cleft involucre: pedun- i:^6 LE(;UMlXOS.t. TRIKOI.Il-M. SO, never roHex<;d : pods veins of the leaves ofton cles jixilliiry : Howers sessile or nearly often ilehiscent at tlie ventral suture : reticulate. * Involurre not ineiiibraiuiceous, deeply lobetl, tl»e lobeH laciuiateiy and rtluirply toothed: I'orolla not becoming inflated. T. flnibriatniii landl. Bot. Ke>i. t. 1070. (ilabrous: steniH long ami thick, prostrate: stipules ovate, acuminate, laciniate-8pinuloi>e : leaflets nli. long or slightly cnneate, npinulose-denticulate, an inch or mcwe long: in- V(»lu(Te laciniately many-cleft, shorter than the large subglobose heads of purple or reddish Howers: teeth of the calyx broadly subulate, straiglit, half the length of the corolla, shorter than the tube, unequal, spiny: cm- olla slender: pod 2-seedese heads; teeth of tJie «;alyx narrowly subulak'. pungent, shorter than the corolla, ;{-4 tinu's as long'as the tube ; coriill;i white, or the keel and wings tipped with tine purple: i)ods 2-seeded. Jn mountain valleys near springs, Oregon. T. Iieterodoii T. A (f. I'l. i, lol). (ilabrous: stems several from k brancliing perennial root, decumbent, 10-18 inclies long, simple ale at the tip: iwxls somewhat stipitate, o-Ct-seeded. In salt meado',,- along the coast, near the mouth of the Columbia river. T. obtilNifloraiii Hook. Ic. IM. t. 218. Sparsely short-hairy or glabron.-. often more or less resimms-glandular: stems stout, a few inches to 8 feet long, from an annual ntot, eixjct or decumbent, diffusely branched : Io'mm st:i)ules scarious, i>ronunently nerved, lanceolate, setaceously acuminate, an inch long, entire or toothed, upper ones more herbaceous, setaceoiici; l»ectinate : leaflets elliptic-lanceolate 12-18 lines long, spinulose-serratt. acute at each end, terminated by a rigid s])iny point: heads an inch or more broad on long stoutish peduncles: involucre setaceously many-cleft: t\ibe of tlie calyx oldong-campanulate, ;> lines long, with 10 prominent an i as many leaser "nerves, these branching and forming reticulations abovi. teeth subidate-spinose, entire, shorter than the tube; petals 8-10 lim- l<»ng, lilac-purjkle with dark centre: jwds elliptical, 2-seeded, dehisceni. On clayey hillsides, southwestern Oregon to middle California. T. trideiltattt Lindl. Bot. Reg. under t. 1070. Glabrous ann\ial: stem- slender, erect, simple or branched, 15-20 inches high : stipules scarioii-. narrow ly lanceolate, spinulose acuminate, the lower entire, the upper sct;i- ce(mslv laciniate: leaflets Unear-lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, spimilose him- rate; heads nearly an inch broad: involucre orbicular, setacv ously many lolK'd and toothed, shorter thaii the flowers: tube of the calyx campanii late, jiromiuently 10-nerved, reticulated, the short oblong lobes abruittly contract"d above to a slender spine, often subtended by a pair of short K]»ines or teeth ; flowers jiurlpe.and white: mature pods fully as broad «• TRIKOMrM. LK(irMIN()S.E. 137 unual: sU'iu- ales fioaridii". le upper ncta- spiiniloso ct'i- . ouhIv many- Ivx canipiviiu- (ihi'H rthruptly . pair of short Iv as broalaces on tl;e higher plains of the Columbia and Willamette valleys. T. varlegataiii Nutt. T. »& C. VI. i, 317. (Uabrous winter annual ; stems weak and decumbent, 8-12 inches long, branching from tlie base and spiir- ingly above: upper stipules roundish, laciniately dentate with subulate- setaceous teeth : leaflets ol)ovate tooblong or somewhat obcordate, minutely cpiimlose-serrate, 3-() lines long, i)eduncles filiform, longer than the leaves ; involucre open-campanulate or at length spreading, laciniately many-cleft, i^lutrter than the flowers ; heads about (5 lines in diameter; teeth of the jjlahrous calyx equal, lanceolate-subulate with setaceous points, longer than the tube, shorter than the corolla: i)etals purple with white tips: ])<)ds small, 2-seeded. Common in wet places throughout the Willamette valley. * * Involucre membranaceous, at least at base, less deeply loK' liiu^s lung: beads small, densely many-flowered; involucre about 5!-lobed, the lobes acumi- nata', 8-nerved, entire; calyx hairy, its subulate teeth scariously margined, sometimes toothed at base, attenuate to a long spinulose point, etjualliug "the corolla : ovules 2; jxids glahroiis, l-seeus Jiearly or (|uite entire leatletH (»-]81ineH long, broadly oliovate, ((btnseor retuse, dentate or sipinii lose-dentieulate ; peduncles stout, far exceeding tlie leaves; bracts ol tin involucre ovate-lanceolate, acuniinate, scarious-margined, connate at base; beads liemiHiibericul, 1-2 incbes broad: calyx tbin, campunulate, tlu' sbort teetb entire, uneciual : corolla <)-12 lines long, ocbroleucous, fadini: witb a red tinge: jwds sfripitate, ;{-8-seeded : seeds roundisb, nearly a liin' broad, minutely granulate. Along tbe coast, Oregon and California. T. (leimnpei'utuiii .I>esv. .lourn. Hot. iv. (iO, t. :>2. Smootb, low ami sleixler, decumbent or ascending: stipules small, lanceolate, acuminate, entire ; leaflets obcordate to linear, obtuse, f> lines long or less: ln-ads li-jo- flowered; involucre reduced to a very smnll tootlied or truncate, often minute and scarious ring : calyx slmrt, tbe narrowly subulate teetb but little longer tban tbe tiii>e; upper i)etal mucb inflated ami enclosing tin otbers, jMids l-2-seede(l, seeds little broader tban long, ratlier angular. tul)erciilate-rugose. In wet places top of Table Kock, Soutliern Oregon to California and Soutli America. Tribe 4. Loteie />. e^ If. Gen. 442 Herbs rarely shrubby, with one to many-foliolate leaves., entire leaflets, /oliaceoiis. scarious or gland-like s'ifiules, and capitate, umbellate or sclitiry inflorescence. Petals Jree from the stamens. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Pod con- tinuous, one-celled but often tvith spongy partitions between the seeds. 8 LOTCS Tourn. JIOSAC'KIA IJentb. and American autbors.. Jlcrbiiccous or suftViitcscent i>liints Avith i»inniitely oul' to sev- « ral-toliolato leaves witli gland-like, rarely scarious or t'oliaceous, stipules ami one to several-tlowered axillary jiedimcles, the flower tiften subtended by a 1— l-lbliolate l)raet. Calyx o-toothed or -cleft, till' teeth nearly e(|Ual. usually longer than the tube. Petals free from the stamens, nearly equal, tlie upper one ovate or roundish, lateral ones ohovate or oblong, keel somewhat in- curved, obtuse or acutely beaked. Stamens diadelphous; the alternate filaments dilated or thickened under the anthers. Pods linear, compressed or terete, straight or arcuate, sessile, dehis- cent or indehiscent, 1 -several-seeded, with spongy ])artitions Ix- tween the seeds. Seeds variously rounded or elongated, some- times qtuidrate. smooth, tuberculate or rugose. ^ 1 Ac.Misi'o.v Kaf. New Fl. o.'j, as genus. Annuals with 1—")- foliolate nearly sessile leaves with small gland-like stii)ules and small flowers on a.xillary peduncles. Petals but little e.xceedinu thecaly.x the claws e<|Ually ajipro.vimati' to each other, keel nar- rowed above into a rather short, acute, incurved l>eak, efjualliim nv exceeding the wings: jtods linear, straight or nearly so, some- what i-»»mpressed, readily dehiscent, several-seeded. L. American us Biscb. Ilort. Heidelb. Ilomckia I'luxhiana lienth. More or less villous or glabrous : sUms erect or assurgent, (i-18 inclie.s high, simple to diffusely branched: leaves nearly sessile or slwtrt-petioled; leaflets ovate to lanceofate or oblong, 3-9 lines long often only tlie terminal one present, tbe otbers when present scattered on a sbort slightly dilateil LOTUS. LKGUMIXOS.i:. 139 >ules and xcoi'dinii ki'ol nar- c'liuallin^i so, sonu'- ma lienth. [5-18 inches •petioled ; - tprminal Iv dilaU'il •t- itl5 railiis: iKfiluncU's usually t'Xi'uedinj: tlit- leavi'>', with a siiijrU' unifoiiolate lnint al the siiininit ; Howcrs solitary, 2-;» linen loiijr; teetli of the calyx linear, much longer than the tube, ahnost equalling; the corolla; jtetulH siilmiin-color, the upjter one orhicular : pods narrow, somewhat com))ressetii)Ul('S and small lliAvers on axillary ]ic(lunelos. l*o(ls promptly 'deciduous. * AninnilH: flowers solitary, on very short pedict'ls, not bracted : claws of the petals equally ai)proxiniate to each other; the keel nar- rowed above into a somewhat incurved beak: pods short, not attenu- ate at base, few-seeded, promi>tly deciduous. I,. WrailtreliailUS F. iS:. M. Ind. Sem. llort. Tetrop. Ki. Htimrkia xiih- jiiiiiiiitii T.d-a. IMIose or subglabrous : stems diffusely branched from the base. 4-1) incluit" hij.'li : leaflets 2-4, all but one on the outside of the rachis, nliiun^, subglabrous, 4-*> lines long, more or less pilose: flowers sessih' or nearly so, about 2 lines long; teeth of the calyx subulate, several times lunger than the tube, ciliate with long spreading hairs, not as long as the yellow corolla : pods pubescent, ti lines long, nearly obtusi-, ")-7-seedeil. Sontliern Oregon to California. li. Iinnilstl'tltlis <;reene Pitt, ii, i;»!l. llomckiu hmrh iicn rpn llcntli. Sdftly villous: stems 4-() inches high, diffusely branched from the base: leaflets usually 4, all but one on tlie outside of the rachis ;>-() lines long, iilnivate to oblong, acute, flowers sessile, ',\-4 lines long, bright yellow; ralyx-tube very short, its sul>ulate teeth much longer, nearly «' lines long, solitarv, on short axillary pedicels or nearly sessile: lalyx deeply o-cleft, its subufate teeth longer than the tube, denticulate, altout equalling the corolla; petals about 2 lines long, pale yellow or .«al- MKin-color, changing to rich dark reil: pods j>ubescent, very short, :>- seeded. In wet i>hu'es. Vancouver Island to California. ** Peduncles elongated, one to several-Howeri-d, mostly bracted : claw of the upper jtetal commoidy remote from the others: keel mostly "btuse. L. lilicrailtlilis Il-nth. Trans. IVinn. Soe. xvii, ;'.()7. llmoirkiit jxtrvi- jhni lieidli. AuniuU : glabrous or nearly so: stems slender, a.scentUng, 4-12 inches long, usually branching from the base: leaflets li-o, obovate to narmwlv oblong, 2-S lines long: peiluncles longer than the leaves, 1-2- liiiwt'ied, with a l-I^-foliolate bract at the sunnnit : |)etals yellow, about 2 lines long, keel with a short incurveIlr as the campannlate tulu : ]»o(1h pubescent, lalcate, the beak longer than the see seeded, •:!! brous, terete or somewhat compressed, tardily dehiscent. * Glabrous throughout cu' becoming so: bracts petioled or wanting: stipules scarious : leallets 5-15: flowers rather large. L, crassifollns Greene 1. c. 147. Jfonockia emxHifolia lieuth. .'^tmit, erei't often 2-4 feet liigh, widely bramrbing: leaflets 9-15, minutely puln-f- cent or snniewhat villous but soon glabrate, thickish obovate or oblong, nsuallv obtuse and nuicronulate, <)-12 lines long, peduiu^les nearly equal- ling the leaves, usually niany-Howered : bract usually some distance lic- it iw the umbel, l-J^-foHolate: flowers on slender pedicels, 2-4 lines long: tul)e of the calvx campanulate, 3 lines long, truncate, tlie very short tri- angular teetb distant Irom eacli other; petals mucb lo'iger than the calyx, dull dark purple: i>ods thick, about 2 inches l lines in diameter; seeds nearlv orbicular. In rich alhivial soil, foothills of the Cascade Motintains,' Washington to California. L. piilliatUK Hook. IJot. Mag. t. %)\?>. JftmacLiK hirolur DoiigJ. Glah- rous throughout : stems numerous, from a thick perennial root, erect, branched above, 1-2 feet high: leaflets 5-9 obovate or oblong, obtuse or acutish, (i-12 lines long; stijmles rather large, triangular, acuminate: ped- uncles mostly longer tlian the leaves, iJ-lO-tlowered, naked, or sometimes with a small scarious or l-:>-foliolate bract at the summit: flowers nearly sessile, H-19 lines long; calyx campanulate, ob!itu\ bright yellow, the latend ones nsuallv white : pods nearly terete, 2 incbes long, but little more than u line in diameter: see-12 incbes long: leaflets ',-7. broadly obovate tn obovati'-oblong, ol)tus(', the lowest truncate or retuse; stipules thin, ovat*-: iK'dicels eiiualling or sborter than the leaves; bract petioleil, l-S-foliolatc: teeth of the calvx unetiual, triangular, acute or acuminate, sborter than the campanulate tube; petals 7 lines long, the upjier one yellow, the wide spreading lateral ones a ntl mucb shorter keel rose-color: pods short. In nioist groiind along the seaboard, Oregon to California. * * I'ubescent or puberulent ; bracts r.early sessile, at the top of the p<'duncles. P80RAI-KA. LEGUMJXOS.I:. 141 li. Torrejrl Greeiu' I. c. 140. Ifimickin Tori-eiji (irni^. Miniitfly i>ul)Ort- (riit: HteniH rather slender, nuinerouH, from a stmit perennial root, 1-2 fiM't liitfli, mostly Himple: stinulen triangular, a line or more long; leaflets 5-0. oliovate to narrowly olHanceolate or linear, densely pubescent be- lu'iilli, mostly obtuse, (1-12 lines long: ]»e(luncles exceeding tiie leaves; linicts usualfy trifoliolatA^' : umVx'l'i 5-7-Ho\vered: teeth of tlie pubescent. ciilyx subulate, about as long as the short campanulate tul>e ; petals G lincM Idiig, the upper one bright yellow, the lateral ones and very obtuse keel wliite or reddish: pf»ds linear, 1-2 inches long, with an acuminate hooked licak. In springs and ditches, southwestern Oregon to California. Tribe n. (Jalefinr. nrmni. (pnrtlij) T. ii' (i. Fl.i.L'nj. Ktrrf Jirrhx, shryhx, or trerx ivifh vxunlJy vnctjiuil'i/ piinuitr, HeUlom, iitii)!'H(ite learcx tnnl nxiUnni or frriniunf, rurrmaxe or xpi- ratp infloreHcenre. Corolhi p(ipilioii(ir<'i^ or otfierivixp irreijii- lor. Stdvirns (limlflphonx or nowctimrs wontKh'ijtlioiix. Po- cleft, its teeth nearly ecjiial, or the lower one longest, the two upper ones often connate. Petals free from the stamens ; keel Itroad and obtuse above, united with the wings. Stamens usually diadelphous, the upper (uie sometimes united with the others at tliebase; anthers uniform, often only o perfect. IVxls ovate, about as long as the calyx, l-,seeded, indehiscent, thick, often wrinkled. * Leaves digitately Jl-S-foliolate, rarely 7-foliolate. P. liiuceolata Pursh. Fl. 475. Aromatic-glandular throughout : stems slender, 12-30 inches high, erect or assurgent, branched, glabrous or with ii few .^cattered hairs: stipules linear-lanceolate to setaceous, H-4» lines long: petioles 1-2 inches long ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets 1-2 inches long, I incur lanceolate to obovate, acute or obtuse, mucronate, glabrous or with II few hairs: peduncles longer than the leaves ; inflorescence capitate, small; bracts minuie; slowi'rs nearly white; calyx miniitely hairy, tiie lol)i's nearly equal, -4 lines long; leaflets 1-2 inches long, oIm)- vate cuneate or elliptical, or the uppermost nearly lanceolate and often much narrower, varying greatly in size and slun>e, rettise or mucronulate, glandular, glabrous or with a few scattered white hairs: peduncles vary- ing in length, rarely longer than the leaves: flowers scattered in slender spikes or crowded in nearly capitate heads; bracts minute ; lobes of the ]42 LKia.MlXOS.K. I'HdKAI.KA. I'KTALOHTKMRN. calyx about oquiil, s|>aiiii>laek hairs: sten)s slender, assurgent, 1-2 feet higli, simple: leiivts M-foliolate; stipules laneeolate, aeuminate, reHexed ; leaflets broiuliy rh(iMil)oid-ovate, mostly acute, muoronate an inch long, glandular; i)e lines long, becoming much inflated, lobes nearly ecpial, triani.'ii- lar, the margins ciliate with dark luurs: ]H'tals .")-(> lines long, white <>r jiurjilisb, jxhIs nu'inbranaceo is, roundeil, somewhat compressed, ."> lino long; seeds grayish. In open woods and rock\ hillsides, jVancouvei N- land toCalifornia. P. iiielilotoides Michx. Fl. ii, HH. Jfeih/i^innii pcdiniviilntinn Mill. (iardn. J)ict, No. 17. totems erect, 1-2 t'eet high, t'roui a long rootstock. simple or branching from the base: stipules 2-;! lines long, setaceous: piti- . lies shorter than the leaflets; leaves remote, 15-foliolate, rarely 4-r)-fnli(i late; leaflets 2 inches liMig, tanc»'olate. acute, rarely ovate an, monadelphous, the tube deft. Ovary with 2 collateral ovides. Pod mend)ranaceous, cncloseougI. Hook. Fl. i, i;W. Perennial ; stems simple, 1-2 feet high, glandvilar-dotted : leaflets T)-)*, obovate to narrowly oblong, Vii lines long, flowers in dense, long-i)eduncled terminal sjiikes, sessllo, brijrlit ]turple; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about equalling the flowers: calyx densely silky-villous; upiier tooth as long as the tube, the others shorter: ovary pubescent. Hillsides anci old river banks, Eastern Oregon. Triife j. Astragaleie. A dans. Erect or decumbent, herbaceous, rarely suffrutescent, plants with unequally pinnate leaves and axillary or radical, racemose or spicate inflorescence. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens monadelphous Pod continuous, turgid or inflated, ravel] flattened, often spuriously 2-celled or partly 2-celled by the intro- flexion of one or both of the sutures, dehiscent, several-seeded, rarely i-2-seeded. Radical incurred . A»TK.\«iAM N. r.Klil-MINOS.K. 143 11 Ai"^TliA(tAIA'!> Timni. ( KATTr.K wkkd, I,tMo-wKKi)). ICnrt or lU'runihcnt lu'i-l>s with uii('(|Uiilly pinnate li-iivcs witli- (Mil tendrils, i)ersistent stipules jind axillarv sj)ikes L>r racemes wers. Calyx .")-t(»otlie<|. PetalH with slfiuler claws, the keel ohliise. Stamens l»()se, memhranaceous or coriaceous, inllated, glahrous or nearly so, sessile, completely 2-celled and more or less didymous hy the intrusion of hoth sutures, sev-era I -seeded : puhescence sliort or wanting; flowers rather small, white to purple or yel- jiiwish, si)icate or sul)spit;ate. A. iiraiieosus isheUl. Bull. Minn. Nat. Hist, Snrv. No. !), 170. (Ila- hidus tliroughout. or slightly v)nbt'sc»'nt when youn^ : steni.s docnmltent or assurgent, <)-l.S inehes long,' very finely striate, sinii)le, few to many from 11 thick perennial root: leaves 4-t) inches long, the raehis slightly winged, not channeled or hut slightly ho: stipules deltoid-acuminate, semi-sheath- iiig Ih'Iow, reriexed; leaflets t)-8 pairs, 5-0 lines long, somewliat Heshy, or- liicular or ohi;ordate, obtuse, retuse or emarginate; j)eduncles e»)uallinjr the leaves, striate, capitately or subspicately 10-12 Howered; calyx short- cylindrical, with a few scattered, blackish hairs, the linear spreading teeth Ij-'.j the length of the tube; iK'tals whitish tijJiK'd with purple: piwls ovate-lanceolate, arcuate-incurved, with a long acuminat«' incurved beak, (i-10 lines long, coriaceous, glabrous, minutely reticulated, sessile, both sutures intruded so as to form a nearly 2 celletl cavity which is lined throughout witji fine cobwebby hairs, 8-10-seeded. Oil dry plains and hillsides. Eastern Uivgon and VVashington to Utah. A. Ieilti|;iii0!sus Dougl. Don Syst. iJard. and Bot. ii, 257. Slightly pu- l)t'HCcnt: stems tufted, ()-12 inches long, soon diffusely spreading: stii)ules Hiuall, ovate, acute; leaflets 11-19, from ob:)vate or oblaniu'olate to oblong, ,'!-'J lines long: pods turgid, ovate, acuminate, more or less incurved, 4-t> lines long, puberulent, often mottled, thick-membranaceous sessile, 2-ri'l- li'd by the intrusion of both sutures, ti-h-seeded. Pry plains, lirit. Coluni- l)ia tij California and Nevada. A. Naliiins Howell Kryth. i. 111. .Minutely hirsute: stems numerous from a thick perennial root, decumbent or ascending, rather slender 4-< ini'hes long, much branclied: leaflets 9-17. obovate to oblong obtiiso i n- ivtuse. 4-ti lines long: peduncles slau'ter than the leaves: calyx narr.>w. its short subulate teeth half as long as the tube; flowers yellowish (i-S lines long: pods inflated, ovoid, short-beaked, chartaceous, 0-8 lines long, very glabrous, nearly 2-cellpd by the intrusion of the dorsal suture, sev- iral-seeded. In saline soil, Harney valley, southeastern Oregon. A. (liaphttiilis Dougl. Hook. Fl. i. 151. Prostrate and diffuse, piluse- (•(•alaous; stipules small, ovate, atuminate; leaflets 11-19. obovate: j)eilun- I'lcs sliuiier than the le:ives; flowers about 0 lines long, jairple, in loose lieads; bracts minute, ovate, acumiiuite rather shorter than the pedicels: m Li:(ii'MiNo.i:. ASTKA(i.Vi.rM. II; piidh fiilcaU', HoiiK'wIiut rcHcxcd, lim-iir, nimjin'Msi'il, Hoim'\vliat (Jivat Fa of tlH'(>n'j<(»n (DuujflaH). A. ai'OideiiN WatHiin I.e. Sparingly pultt'Hwiit; tin- ihiiiktuiis stfi <>-lS in«litrs loiiji, from a thick jHTt'iiniarroiit : IcaHctH i(t-l."> juiirs, ohlmi, retiiHi', ount'att' at base, jrlwl'nuis alK»V(', ajunvHst'd imlti'scciit ln'iicati •>-8 liiu'H lonj;: ikmIiiik'U'h aliont 0(|(iallinK tlu' U'avi'H : Huwci-h ri'HfxtMl, a Hhort rat't'iiu'; calyx (taiii|>aiuilat(>, r tlic tube: corolla yclidwiHli, tlic narrow erect Imii ner (i-7 lines long. IVmI wliite-iMibe.Hcent. on a Htii>e as long as the calv\, oblong ovate Hiibsulcate on the back, the ventral sntnre soinewliat i)ronii nent, Htraight, refU xcil. 4-"» lines long. On oi)on hillsides, soiithwestcn Oregon. A. I'licilli'Us Slield. r.ull. Minn. Nat. Hist. Snrv. 9, 174. J. llnnh,- ndiii Watson, not IldLrr. Thinly jHibescent thronghont with soft woolly hairs, the numerous stems erect or ascending from a stout perennial rout stock, 1-2 feet high: leaflets (i-lO pairs, narrowly ; 2 Ch.kt()|)(».\tp:h (Jray 1. c. 11)4. ['(.kIs oviite, .^mall, s^is.^ih , coriaceous, turgid or at times suhcouipressed, more or less sulcuti' on the back, 2-celled by the intrusion of tlie dorsal suture. cclN .'{-4-ovu!ed. Many-stemmed ]»erennials. A. Hpaldiii^ii (Jray 1. c. 524. Villous-pu))e8cent : ntems a foot in height : leaflets 21-25, lanceolate to oblong-linear, 1^-45 lines long: peduncles ex- ceeding the leaves : spikes oblong, dense, or rather loose at base; < ( acin nearly 5 lines long: bracts setaceous ; calyx very villous; pod>» 2-IJ lines long, villous scarcely sulcate, 2-4-see. llLKiixosr Gray 1. c. V,H\. Pod coriaceous, turjiid, ob- lonc;, terete, scarcely sub'ate and only on the back, nearly straifiiit, sessile, septum pcrt'ect. Tall perennials with appressc'l gray-i)ui)escence or glabrate. A. Mortoiii Nutt. .Tourn. Acad. I'hilad. vii, 19. jNIinutely appres.-ic^l- pubescent, greenish : stems erect lS-24 inches high: stipules broad uinl membranaceous; leaflets 11-17, oblong, obtuse, (M2 lines long: peduncles as long as the leaves; (lowers sessile or nearly so, in dense racemii.s.' spikes, rertexetl as they otien, the fruit erect; calyx villous, its teeth triaii'-' niar-lanceolate, shorter than the tube: pods (5 lines long, minutely pube.< cent, elongated-oblong, grooved at the dorsal suture, the ventral sutuiv externally prominent : seeds numerous. Dry plains, eastern Oregon ami AVashington to Montana, Utah and Nevada. § 4. O.voBKYCHiDKS Gray 1. c. H)l). Pods coriaceou-, oblong A8TRAUAi.('». LEGUMINOS^. 14A \1.1H. l»lianii'.-, iviit Fa 1 t tM'lU'Ulli. •rtfxi'ti, 111 lollV;, tlir cii'i't Itiin- till- I'lllvx, lat j>n»ini itlnvoHU'iii .1. Ueuih,- ot't wiKilly iinial n'i>t 1 1'xt't'odiir^ ■illoUH, ;'.-i I till- «ill.VX, tnil sutuiv. us, ni^n-f. 'Oil ami ail- 111, >- ncarly appresseil- broad iiii'! petUmcli'' raccmnf'i' et'tli triaiii.'- iitely pul»f> \trai Hutiiiv Di't'gon ainl U-. oblong or ovate, straijjht, UHually luorc or lens compressed or obconi- pressed-triangulju", dorsally 8 ilcate 2-cellj.l. pubescent, many- ovuled, ereet : stipulefs more or less HJioathiiifj; : flowers in d'uise spikes or small heads: perennials. A. adsuripeus Tall. Antnig. 4(». Cinereous witli minute appreHsed puliescence or glubrate: Htemw ratlier Htoiit, 4-18 incheH liigh, ascending or decumbent: leafletn 13-19, narrowly to lineair -oblong, 10-12 11 ncB long, ob- tuse, pale green : ]>eduncle8 longer than the leaves ; flowers erect, in ob- long to subglobose spikes ; tube oi the calyx long-(^ampanulate, twice as long an the setaceous teeth, subvillous with i>artly black hairs ; petals bright piiii)le, the upper one about one-third longer than the others ; pods coria- ccDUs, erect, sessile, ovate-oblong, 4-6 lines long, straight, usually tri- angular compressed, dorsally sulcate, pubescent with appressed hairs, inany-ovuled. Plains of eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and western Kansas. A. hypoglottis L. Mant. ii, 274. Somewhat hirsute : steins 6-24 inches long, slender, diffusely procumbent or asceniling: leaflets 16-21, oblong or ohovate to elliptical, obtuse or retuse ; stipules lanceolate, more or less co- hering: peduncles longer than the leaves; bracts longer than the calyx, lanceolate : calyx blackish-pilose, its subulate teeth as long as the tuoe petals bright ijurple : pods ovate, triangular, compressed, silky-villous, very shortly stipitate, 6-8-8eeded. . Alluvial plains, southeastern Oregon an ' Washington to Colorado and Hudson Bay. g 5. DiDYMOCARPi Gray 1. c. 188. Pods thin-coriaceous, ob- coinpressed-didymous with a narrow i)erfect septum, transversely ridfited or reticulated, at length separating into two 1-2-seeded divisions, mostly deflexed ; ovary short-stii)itate : caulescent an- nuals. A. Catalinensls Nutt. PI. Gamb. 152. .1. nigrescent Nutt. not Pall. Cin- ereous with a short appressed pubescence : stem annual, 2-6 inches high, branching frbm the base : stipules scarious, triangulrr-ovate, acuminate, distinct, nearly free: leaflets 7-11, cuneate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, a line long, pubescent beneath, sometimes smooth above; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers 4-8, in a 8ub{!apitate raceme, on very short spreading pedicels, soon deflexed, a line long; calyx campanulate, pubescent with dark colored hairs, the broadly subulate teeth twice longer than the tube : potls broadly ovate, obcompressed, pubescent, 2-celled by the intrusion of the dordal suture, the ventral suture obtuse, several-iwuled. On dry hill- sides and banks, botii sides of the Siskiyou Mountains near Ashland, Oref;on. § 6. MicKANTHi Gray 1. c. Pod coriaceous, oblong, lanceo- late, or linear, straight or curved, sessile, dorsally sulcate, the ventral suture rather prominent, 2-celled, many-ovuled. A. drepanolobus Gray 1. c. xix, 75. Perennial : strigose-pubescent throughout; the numerous stems ascending or decumJient, diffusely branched, 6-12 inches long: leaflets 9-11, obovate, usually emarginate, 4-6 lines long : peduncles exceeding the leaves, rather loosely-flowered; calyx short'Campanulate, its subulate teeth shorter than the tul)e : pod linear-oblong, comprepsed, very falcate, 2-celled t)y the intrusion of the dorsal suture, many-ovuled. On gravelly bars of the John Day river near its junction with ttie Columbia. A. ambratlcns Sheld. 1. c. A. sylvaticus Watson, not Wilhl. Gla- brous: stems numerous from a stout perennial root, ascending or erect, 12-18 inches high, branching: leaflets 17-21, oblong, retuse, 4-9 lines long: IR'dnncles equalling or exceeding the leaves ; racemes close, rather few- \ 140 LKtiUMlNOSvK. AsrMAdAU'M. Howt'iT*!; calyx Hlightly pubt'Hreiit, t^uinnanultttc, itM ucuuiimite U'cili ulmut uqualling tht* Udw; \)ViUiU H-10 lineH Ioiik, ydlowinh or whitiHh; pml •leflext^l, chartiutoouH, linuar, inon» or I«hh c'r—jd, coinpruHtted, 'J-ct'lled \<\ the intruHioii of tht'dorHa) Hiitiin', the vciitnil suture a(Mite, (I-IO linoH loni; by K\ lint' hroat the leavcH, bearing' u rathei hwwe Hpike of several to many tlowerw; (uilyx cylindrical, pnbeHceni, with dark-ct)lore tlH' )res8ed, "I'Ji^/', ver abovi'Tli^'l lite, pentU'iit row, more or I ure intru(H| t'U iiiii^^ii iiiifiiii bill- \>tiiT.x, M— ia:iic3m ii> iii(' iitti unit 111 t.y kec-led, canuHcent, si'vcral-ovuled. Dry hillHidcH and plainH, KiMtiTii Oregon near The Dalles, A. iniHelluH WatHon Prix'. Am. Acad. xxi. 44U. CaneHcent with a short iippn'HHed puheHcencu : HteniH nunierouH from a thick perennial root, de- tunihent or ascending, 4-(* inclies long: stipules triangular to broad-subu- late, slightly connate^; leaUets 17-21, oblong to linear, 2-3 lines long, pu- bi'Hcent beneath, soon ghibrate above : peduncles about etiualling or much exceeding the leaves, few-flowered; flowers spreabing or reflexed, on very nliort pedicels: calyx campanulate, its teeth nearly e(iualltn)^ the tube : poil linear, somewhat curved; attenuate below to a stipe a little longer than theiralyx, compressed, 2-celled by the intrusion of the dorsal suture, the ventral suture rounded or acute, reflnxed, Hnely pubescent, 8-10 lines long. On sterile hillsides in the .I.ihn Day valley at Mitchell, Oregon. A. racemosus Pursh Fl. 740. .Vppressed pubescent or glabrate: stems 1-2 feet high, rather stout, sotuewhat sulcate, very leafy : leaflets about 21, elliptical, oblong or oval, obtuse, mucronate, smooth above, ♦i-S lines long: peduncles about the length of the leaves, loosely many-flowered; fl. Pods rnontly thick-coriaceous and oh(;oin])resHed, the intiuded dorsal suture more or less approachiiif? the ventral, not 2-<'(!lle(l, pubescent. A. iodailthus Watson Bot. King 70. C'anescent with an appressed hairy pubescence, or nearly glabrous with scattered hiiirs upon the petioles and margins of the leaves; stems decumbent, (>-10 'lies lung, from a I perennial root: stipules ovate-lanceolate, free or soint what adiiate to the [petiole; leaflets 13-21, 2—") lines long, obovate or ortncular, obtuse: pe- duncles equalling the leaves; spikes short, dense: flowers on short pedicels, ideep violet-purple or ochroleucous tinged with purple, the lateral and [upper petals 6-8 lines long, exceeding the oltiuse keel, the somewhat niijrescent campanulate calyx-tube twice longer ilian the subulate teeth: Ipods 18 lines long, 3 lines broad, linear-oblong, icuminute, strongly arcu- late or hamate, sessile, nearly glabrous witii a very sparse pubescence, imottled, chartaceous, irregularly folded l)ut usually with a deep dorsal Isulcus approximating the suture to the prominent ventral one, many- Iseeded. Eastern Oregon to California, Nevada, Colorado Pvnd Montana. A. Beckwithll T. & G. Pac. R. Rep. ii, 120. Glabrous ornear'yso: Ifitems 1-2 feet long, from perennial roots, diffusely spreading: stipules ovate-lanceolate, adnate to the petiole : leaflets 13-25, 6 lines long, broadly oval: flowers 5-8, in a short loose raceme, orchrolencous, 0 lines long; calyx nearly glabrous, its subulate teeth scarcely shorter than or exceeding the jcampanulate tube: pods 1 inch long, glabrous, transversely rui'u lose, coria- eous, short stipitate, somewhat obcompressed, flattened doiijally with the fcutures slightly intruded, bisulcate ventrally with the prominent suture [cutely margined, many-seeded. Brit. Columbia to Southern Idaho, Utaht Nevada and California. A. glareosns Dougl. Hoftk. Fl. i, 152. Silky-villous with ineumlient 148 LKGUMINOS/K. A8TKAOALUS. hairs: stems short, depresHed: stipules oblong, acuminato, appresscd. membranaceous : leaflets 13-15, linear-oblong : peduncles as long as tlie leaves or shorter, 3-4-flowered ; bracts linear, as long as the cylindrical elongated blackish-hairy calyx ; teeth of the calyx one-third as long as tlic tube: pods oblong-ovate, attenuate above, incurved, silky-pubescent. ►Southern Idaho and Wyoming. Series II. Phaca L. Gen. n. | late, twice as long as the pedicels; calyx elongated, membranaceous, ilsl subulate teeth half as long as the tube, equal ; corolla yellow, 18 linefl long, upper petal obovate, equalling the narrow lateral ones, keel purple-l tipped; ovary subsessile, linear, very hirsute. Brit. Columbia to CaUforf nia and Utah. \LCS. ASTRACJAUTS. LEGUMINOS^:. 140 ppressoil. ig as the ylindruiil ang aa the jubesceut. l-celUd. ided thai, Pod Yi'iy id, acuuii- perennial Soft-woi..lly subulati' or 1-25, oblong ot exceeiliiii! tate spililY-- iteral petiil,*, ger than the lensely silky- Lty the dorsal t not ioYvam ,a river above AppreHs-wl- le crown of a iceous-acumi- -10 lines long densely i^ilkv few -flowered; ts long as the ovate, acurai- long, 1-f ^l^f •ounded. on leld. 1. e- l-l^)' •ry short, Irom ,t 4-8 inches in .nnelled; leal- narrowly oho- ia.igularovate, Tlowered; cay'' U as the tul*; pods 8-10 lines kessile, oblonj: fwhat intriuteil V, iew to nuiny- /ashingtoii. Is short, «liH«^f'' I'dunoles halt as fes linear-hmceiv libranaceous.K! (yellow, 18 linf, lies, keel pur# inbia to CiiUiofF A. Utalieiisis T. ti^c (i. I'ac. K. Kep. ii, 120. Canesjcent witli a long and dense soft-woolly appresHed pubescence: Hnbcaulescent, the short stems 2-6 inches long, prostrate: leaflets 11-17, suljorbicular, 2-4 lines in diameter: flowers violet ; pods oblong, obcompressed, densely woolly, moderately in- curved, slightly sulcate. Union Co. Oregon to iSalt Lake Utah. A. allanaris Sheld. 1. c. 141. Pubescent throughout with white loose hairs : cespitose, nearly acanlescent or with very short erect, simple hidden stems, from the (^rown of a stout perennial root : leaves 2-5 inches long, erect, pubescent with sparse spreading hairs, the rachis slightly channelled, but nearly terete ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, usually closely imbricated ; leaflets 7-11, 4-() lines long, elliptical to lanceolate, acute, pubescent both sides; peduncles 1-2 inches long, 2-flowered; flowers nar- row, each subtended by a black-bordered bract; calyx tubular-cylindrical, oblique at base, spread'ing-pubescent, striate, the lanceolate teeth nigre- Hcent-margined, much shorter than the tube: corolla purplish, tinged with green : pods (>-7 lines long, ovate-arcuate, acute or shortly acuminate pointed, incurved, coriaceuus, sessile, white-pubescent, 1-celled the dorsal suture slightly impressed, few-seeded, p]astern Washington. § 10. IxFLATi Gray 1- c. 21o. Pod nienibranaceous, inflated, globose, egg-sliaped or semi-ovato, nsiially large, finely reticulated, glabrous or glabrate, neither suture inflexed or rarely the ventral only and slightly. * Perennial ; pod not mottled. Caulescent, rather tall, leafy: ra- cenieG or spikes usually many-flowered. A. Suksdorfii Howell Eryth. i. 111. Cinereously pubescent through- out : stems many from a stout perennial root, slender, ascending, 8-12 inches long: stipules foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, about a line long: leaflets 9-U cuneate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, 3-4 lines long: peduncles vei y slender, shorter than the leaves ; flowers in compact clusters white or yellowish, on slender pedicels; bracts lanceolate, about half as long as the pedicels; calyx campanulate, its subulate teeth about equalling the tube ; upper petal far exceeding the lateral ones and twice the length of the keel, entire : pods of Arm texture, sessile, obliquely ovate, acuminate, I) lines long or less, flnely appressetl-pubescent. In loose volcanic soil near the base of Mount Adams, Washington. (tSuksdorf). A. dinriins Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxi, 450, Minutely appressed- pubescent throughout : stems numerous from a thick perennial root spar- ingly branched below or simple, 4-10 inches high, slender, ascending or erect: leaves about 2 inches: long; leaflets 7-11, obovate, obtuse or retuse, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, 1-3 lines long: peduncles shorter than the leaves, slender, few-flowered; bracts about equalling the pedicels, subulate : flowers spreading or reflexed, pale yellow or lined with purple, j 3 lines long ; calyx turbinate-campanulate, the slender teeth as long as the tube: pods inflated, membranaceous, sessile, obliquely oblong-ovate to ob- long, the ventral edge nearly straight, or somewhatincurved, somewhat compressed, finely-pubescent, 6-10 lines long. On gravelly bars of the [John Day river at Dayville, eastern Oregon. * * Root perennial ; pod mottled, short-stipitate, the stipe equal- ling the calyx: flowers few, rather small, light-colored, keel with the inflexed apex somewhat produced. A. Hookeriauns Gray 1. c 215. Canescently pubescent: stems iJiuch branched from the base, ascending, 5-6 inches high, from a per- fennialroot: stipules lanceolate, membranaceous; leaflets 15-19, oblong or linear-oblong, slightly petiolulate, rather rigid : peduncles scarcely as long »8 the leaves; bracts setaceous, about as long as the very short pedicels ; fcalyx pubescent with whitish and black hairs intermixed, its subulate ^ 150 LEGUMINOH/E. ASTRAGALUS. AS teeth shorter than the tube; ovary caneseent; ijodn very large, inflated, obovoid, obtuse, tapering into a very short stipe, glabrous, thin aiul membranaceous, whitish and beautifully mottled with purple, nearly 2 inches long. Oregon to California and Nevada. A. ceranilcus Hheld. 1. c. 19. A. pictus Gray, not Hteud. Hoary willi a loose silky pubescence : stems erect, slender, branching, from filiiorm roots, ascending, 10-12 inches high : lo^i^er petioles short, pinnately S-5- foliolate, with narrovly linear leaflets, trie upper ones elongated and filiform, mostly leafless; stipules lanceolate-subulate, the lowermost united, the upper ones distinct: racemes on filiform peduncles shorter than the leaves, 7-10-flowered : pods 6-18 lines long, ovoid, scarcely pointed, membranaceous and much inflated, stipitate, pendent. Idaho to Nebraska and New Mexico. A. Cusickii Gray Proc. Am. Acad, iii, 370. Many-stemmed from a thick perennial root, strict, smooth or nearly so: stipules scarious, tri- angular, acuminate, slightly connate; leaflets 13-17, remote, linear, 5-7 lines long : peduncles exceeding the leaves, bearing few to several white or yellowish flowers in a loose raceme; calyx cylindrical, more or less dark-pubescent, the short triangular teeth not ^ as long as the tube : pods oblong, with a short incurved acute beak, an inch long or less, contracted at base to a short stipe about equalling the calyx, glabrous. Powder river valley eastern Oregon. * * * Annual : pod sessile, not mottled ; flowers small, ochroleucous or purplish. Low; leaflets linear or linear-oblong, grey with strigu- lose hairs. A. Geyeri Gray 1. c. 214. tSubcanescent with an appressed hairy pu- bescence: stem somewhat simple, 3-«) inches high, annual: leaflets fin ear or oblong, obtuse, glabrous above : peduncles shorter than the leaves, 8-0- flowered; calyx campanulate, its subulate teeth about equalling the tube; corolla 3 lines long, ochroleucous ; pods 8-9 lines long, membranaceous, in- flated, ovate-lunate with an incurved acumination, sessile, not mottled. finely reticulated, glabrous, 1-celled. Montana and southern Idaho tn Nevada and California. § 11. MicROCYSTEi (}ray 1. c. 219. Pod membranaceous or chartaceous, small, globose or ovate, inflated, sessile, neithe»' su- ture intruded. Difluse or procumbent perennials, mostly stniill and slender; flowers small and usually few. A. microcystis Gray 1. c. 220. Cinereous-pubescent: stems slender, procumbent, from a woody root, much branched : stipules scarious, con- 1 nate or the uppermost nearly distinct; leaflets 9-13, oblong or oblongdan- ceolate, obtuse : racemes slender, 5-12-flowered ; calyx hairy, the setaceous- subulate teeth about as long a.^ the short-campanulate tube ; corolla violet! or whitish, the deeply emarginate upper petal slightly exceeding the lat- eral ones, twice as long as the incurved keel: pods globose'ovate, 3 lir«| long, thin-membranaceous, gray-pubescent. Brit. Columbia to Washing;- ington, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana. § 12. SuYTOGARPi Gray 1. c. 222. Pod coriaceous, ovut* urj oblong, rarely cylindrical, turgid, not sulcate and neither sutunj intruded. A. Chainaeleuce Gray Ives Rep. 10. Perennial ; silvery-canescent witi a dense silky pubescence : stems numerous, 1-6 inches long, prostrate, or| nearly acaulescent : stipules ovate, membranaceous, free: leaflets 3-7, ~ lines long, oblong, oliovate or oval : peduncles shorter than the leavftl slender, 3-8-flowered ; calyx cylindrical, its subulate teeth much sliort«l than the tube : corolla light violet, 9 lines long : pods 6-12 lines lon^j tJiick-c terete gosely New M A. 1 perenni connate more. It neath, s leaves ; soon ref longer tl liairs, its sile or i lines lor the sutur Oregon ai A. coi merous, f pressed-pi rachis, lin little or n( ceme; brj narrowly ^ narrow tee pods erect acuminatel rocky ridgJ A. Hool pressed pu perennial if I lanceolate, I lines long ; rather shor^ "font pedicl pressed hai| pubescent, i «oo igated and lowermost lea shorter d, scarccdy „ Idaho to med from a carious, tri- ;, linear, 5-7 Bveral white more or less le ttibe : pods ,8, contracted Powder river ihroleucous with strigu- led hairy p"- leaflets linear ..e leaves, :^-o- ling the tuVie; iranaceous, in- not mottled, 'ern Idaho to ranaceous or] neithev su- Bostly small Istems slender, Is scarious, con! ^ or oblong-Ian- r the setaceous- k; corolla violet [ceeding the lat[ 3e"ovate, 3l»«, )ia to Washing- 1 30US, ovi>t* orl ineither sutiinj 1^ -■- 1 lo2 LEGUMINOSJ*'.. ASiRAGAIA'S. A. sclerocarpus Gray 1. c. CinereouH with a very short appressid pubescence, much branched : leaflets 13-19, linear, 4-6 lines long : pedun- cles exceeding the leaves, loosely rather few-flowered; calyx cylindriiui I, pubescent with black hairs, 3 lines long, its short triangular teeth not halt as long as the tube: pods canescent-pul)erulent, lanceolate, acuminate falcate or nearly hamate, an inch or more long, attenuate at base to a stiite an inch or more long. <)n sandy banks and plains, along the Columlia river above The Dalles. A. speirocarpus Gray 1. c. •'^tems slender, decumbent or ascending', 10-12 inches long, cinereous: stipules very small, triangular, obtuse; leaflets V)-13, oblong or cuneate, obtuse or retuse, 1-4 lines long, pubescent both sides: peduncles about equalling the leaves, loosely rather many- flowered; flowers yellowish -white, on very short pedicels, soon deflexed; calyx cylindrical, 3-4 lines long, pubescent with black hairs, its short tri- angular teeth not half as long as the tube: pods linear, acuminate, pubes- cent, coiled into a short spiral, attenuate at base to a stipe a little longer than the calyx. Along the Columbia river above The Dalles. Var. falciforinis Gray Eot. Cal. i, 152. 8tipe filiform, 6-9 lines long, nearly the length of the thinner-walled and less turgid falcate or merely hooked pod. Brit. Columbia to Washington, Nevada and California. A. Gibbsli Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad, ii, 161. Cinereous-pubescent: stems many from a thi« k pereimiai root, rather stout, 10-12 inches high : leaflets 11-15, ol)long with a cuneate base, truncate or retuse, 6-8 lines long: |)e- duncles exceeding the leaves; flowers numerous, in a rather dense raceme, reflexed on short spreading pedicels ; calyx cylindrical, gibbous at base. 5-6 lines long, the triangular teeth not more than J^ as long as the tube: gods linear, about an inch long, curved or annular, veiy acute, finely pu- escent, attenuate at base into a aHpe twice as long as the calyx. Plains and hillsides, eastern Oregon and Idaho to Nevada. § 14. HoMALOBi Gray 1. c. Pod flattened or compressed, straight, margined by the nerve-like sutures, coriaceous or cliai- taceous, sometimes htipitate. A. colllnas Dougl. in G. Don. Gen. Syst. ii, 256. Stems erect or dif- fuse, 6-12 inches long, numerous, from a stout perennial root, grayisii- pubescent: leaflets 19-23, linear or oblong-liiiear, obtuse, attenuate at base, 6-12 lines lon^; stipules very small, oblong, acuminate ; peduncles twice the length ot the leaves ; flowers whitish, in dense oblong racemes refracted on suberect pedicels ; calyx tubular, densely hirsute ; 4-6 lines long, its triangular teeth about half as long as the tube : pods pubescent, linear- oblong, attenuate at base to a stipe, somewhat turgid, an inch long 'th the stipe reflexed. In rocky gu-ches and hillsides of the Blue Mountiun< of Oregon. A. Callfornicns Greene Bull. Cal. Acad, i, n. 3, 157. Stems numerous, from a stout perennial root, rather slender, 8-12 inches high, usually sini- le, minutely pubescent: .eaves 2-4 inches long: stipules triangular, 2 ines long, nearly as broad ; leaflets 11-19, cuneate-oblong to linear, obtuse, pubescent both sides with white hairs, 4-6 lines long by 1-3 broad, iH'ti- olulate: peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers ochroIeu?ous, 6-8 lines I long, pendent, on erect pedicels in dense oblong racemes: bracts lanceolate longer than the pedicels; calyx tubular, 3-5 lines long, pubescent witli minute brownish hairs, its short triangular teeth about a line long: poiisl 1-2 inches long by 2 lines broad, acute, attenuate below to a slender xtipe I as long as the calyx, strongly reticulated and very minutely p^jbescent.l compressed or somewhat turgid. In rich alluvial soil, valley of the Klainf ath river near Yreka, California, no doubt in adjacent Oregon. A. Tweedyl Canby Bo*. Gaz. xi, 150. Stems erect, 12-lS inches liiglJ fS ASTRAGALUS. LEGLTMINO.S.E. 158 iscendin^r, ir, obtuse; pubes'-'ent ler manv- 1 deflexed ; ,8 short tri- ate. pubi'fi- ittle longer ma numerous, I, usually sini- s triangular. 2 inear, obtust;. -3 broad, iK'ti- ;ous, 6-8 li'>*-'M acts lanceoliiti' ubescent witM inelong: pt* a slender )»tii* ely p'-ibepcent. y of the Klamf on. IS inches h'm liniii a perennial root, branching, sparsely cinereous-pubeswni: wUpules suhnlate, acuminate, 2-3 lines long; leaflets 13-17, linear to linear-spatu- liiU;,6-8 lines long : peduncles much exceeding the leaves ; racemes many- rtuwered, dense; flowers yellowish-white, spreading, on very short erect {leiUcels: calyx cylindrical, subgibbous at base, 3-4 lines long, white-pu- hei^cent, the short teeth triangular : pods oblong, turgid, acute at both ends, clightly curved, 0-8 lines long, erect on a long slender stipe. On alluvial hiilsides along the Columbia river and its tributaries above The Dalles. A. lilipes Torr. Bot. Wilkes 278. Htems slender, erect, 1-2 feet high : stipules triangular, a line long, acute: leaves 3-6 inches long, the slender rachis channelled ; leaflets 7-16, remote, linear, 4-8 lines long, less than a lino broad, finely pubescent: peduncles much longer than the leaves; flowers numerous, in an eVmgated narrow raceme, yellowish to nearly vvliite, erect or spreading on slender pedicels ; bracts subulate, not as long as the pedicels ; calyx cylindrical, 2 lines long, pubescent with minute black hairs, the narrow teeth about )^ as long as the tube : pods elongated- oblong, 9-15 lines long by 2 lines or more broad, abruptly acute at both ends, straight, on a slender stipe 6-8 lines long, glabrous and shining, tinoly reticulated, flat, spreading or pendent. Plains and hillsides, eastern Oregon and Washington to Nevada. A. Bourgovii Gray 1. c. 227. .Stems short, numerous, from a thick IHjrennialroot, thinly strigose-pubescent : leaflets 11-13, lanceolate, pubes- cent beneath, smooth above, 1-2 lines long: peduncles much longer than the leaves, loosely 3-7-flowered ; calyx cylindrical, 2-3 lines long, pu- bescent, the subulate teeth half as long as the tube : pods oblong, some- what obcompressed, curved downward, mottled, pubescent, obliquely rounded at summit, 6-8 lines long, on a stipe shorter than the calyx. On rocky hillsides, eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia. A. mnltiflorns Gray 1. c. 226. Perennial, somewhat glabrous : stems afoot high, numerous, ascending, slender, branched: "tipules dark-col- ored, the lower ones sheathing; leaflets 13-21, 3-6 lines long, linear or narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse : peduncles not exceeding the leaves, loosely few-flowered; flowers ochroleucous, small, 2-3 lines long; calyx lampanulate, the teeth shorter than the tube: pods 4-6 lines long, charta- oeous, flat, glabrous, oblong on a stipe about as long as the calyx-tube, re- flexed, 6-ovuled, 2-4-seeded. Eastern Oregon, to Brit. Colun-.bia, Minne- sota, Colorado and California. A. tegetarlns Watson Bot. King 76. Canescent with a silky pubes- cence: stems cespitose, 2-6 inches long, numerous, branched, from a much branched perennial Ciudex, procumbent : stipules membranaceous, mostly acuminate, sheathing ; leaflets 7-9, 2-3 lines long, linear, acute : peduncles slender, about equalling the leaves, 1-3-flowered : flowers small, 2-3 lines long, ochroleucous, the keel purplish ; calyx-teeth as long as the campan- uiate tube: pods 2-3 lines long, chartaceous, sessile, compressed, pubes- cent, ovate-oblong, straight, erect, 1-celled, 6-ovuled, 1-2-seeded. On high mountains, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and Nevada. A. miser Dougl. Hook Fl. i, 153. Cinereous-pubescent: stems diffuse, H-10 inches long, slender, loosely leaved : stipules rather large, the upper i ones connate to the middle ; leaflets broadly-linear to oblong, mostly ob- ituse: |)eduncles much exceedi-ig the leaves, loosely 5-7-flowered: young [pods ovate-oblong, canescent. In the Spokane country, Washington. A. serotinus Gray Pac. R. Rep. xii, 51. Cinereous with a minute I strigulose pubescence : stems branching from the perennial root, ascend- ing, slender, often flexuous, 8-16 inches high: stipules triangular, acumi- Inate; leaflets 9-21, linear to oblanceolate, mucronate, not rigid, glabrous or nearly so above: peduncles exceeding the leaves; racemes virgate; calyx campanulate, minutely pubescent, its teeth very short: pods sessile, [linear, acute, glabrous or minutely pubescent, 8-10-seeded. Northeastern I Washington. \ : I 154 LEGUMINOS^. 0XYTR0PI8. (ILYCYKKHIZA. 12 OXYTROPIS DC. Astragal. 24 t, 2-<5. Perennial, very rarely annual, herbaceous, or sometimes siif- frutesc'ont, often acaulescent plants with unequally pinniitc leaves and axillary or radical pedunculate spikes of various col- ored flowers. Calyy ^-toothed. Keel with a subulate point. Pods partly 2-celled by the introflexion of the upper or plac( n- tal suture. O. visclda Niitt, T. ifc. G. Fl. i, 341. "Stemless, cespitose, liairy and viscid; leaflets numerous (lG-29 pairs), oblong-lanceolate, somewhat acute; I)eduncle8 longer than the leaves, about 14 inches high ; stipules piloMo, membranaceous, with a long acumination : spikes subcylindrical ; bracts a^ long as the calyx ; teeth of the calyx subulate, about the length of the tul^; legumes short, terete, pubescent, acuminate." Eastern Oregon to the Rocky Mountains. 13 GLYCYRRHIZA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 882. (Liquorice). Erect perennial herbs with unequally pinnate leaves decidu- ous stipules, the flowers in dense axillary pedunculate spikos with caducous bracts. Calyx tubular, gibbous at base, 5-cl('tt, the two upper segments partly united. Upper petal ovate-lanceo- late, straight, the lateral ones acute, united at the tip, keel not l)ointed. Stamens diadelphous. Pod ovate or oblong, com- pressed, often echinate, 1 -celled, few-seeded, scarcely dehiscent, sessile. Rootstock rather large, sweet. 0. lepidota Nutt. Gen. ii, 106. Tall and stout, 2-5 feet high, some- what glandular-puberulent or the younger leaves slightly silky : leaflets f>unctate, 6-8 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, often acuminate, usual- y 1-2 inches long ; stipmes li lear-subulate : peduncles about equaliin); the leaves ; spikes short ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate ; flowers ochroleci- cous, nearly 6 lines long; calyx half as long, the slender teeth mucli longer than the tube : pod thickly beset with hooked prickles, oblong, (i lines long, 2-6-8eeded. On sandy plains and river banks, Brit. Columhiii to California, Missouri and Arkansas. G. ^lutinosa Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 298. Stems rather stout, from loiij: running rootstocks, 2-4 feet high; glandular-pubescent leaflets oblong' to oblong-lanceolate, strigose with scaly glands: peduncles mucli shorter than the leaves, very glandular : spikes short ; bracts lanceolate with a long acuminate point; calyx very glandular, the teeth nearly equal: pods densely beset with hooked bristles, 2-6-seeded. On sandy river banks, Brit. Columbia to California. Tribe 7. Hedysareae, DC. Prodr. ii, 307. Herbs or shrubs with 1-many-foliolnte or simple usually stipellate leaves and racemone. spicate or umbellate axillary or terminal inflorescence. CornJk papilionaceous. Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous. Poih usually transversely divided into 1-seeded indehiscent joints. ( '«/,(/- ledons plain, foliaceous after germination. Radicle incurved. 14 HEDY8ARUM Jeaum in Desv. Journ. Bot. iii, 61, L. gen. n. H87, Herbs with unequally pinnate leaves, scarious «tipules, entire usually pellucid-punctate exstipellate leaflets and purple, wliite or yellow flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes with scarious or setaceous bracts. Calyx 5-toothed or -parted, the linear-snli- )PI8. tlllZA. lines sut- pinnatf rious ci li- te point. >r placdi- , hairy and ^hat acute; uleB piloHo, I ; bracts as ngth of the a Oregon to ICfc). es decitlu- ate spilvos ise, 5-cloft, ate-lanceo- p, keel not long, coin- dehiscent, high, some- .Iky: leatlets inate, usual - |ut equallinj! rs ocnroU'ii- teeth mucli eH, oblong, (' it. Columliiii it, from \on^ .ifletB oblong [incles mucli pts lanceolate learly equal; sandy rivev shrubs 'wiih id racemoste. ce. GoroUii Ihous. Poih \ints. Coiy •:urved. HEDYSARUM. VICIA. LFGUMINOS^:. 166 n. S87, gen. jules, entile irple, wliite [ith scarious line8.r-suli- uliite lobes subequal. Corolla with the upper petal ample, free from the stamens, keel oblique, truncate, longer than the wings. Stamens diadelphous. Pou flattened, tranversely articulated in- to several equal sided roundish 1-seeded indehiscent joints that are connected in the middle. H. Mackenzii Richard Frankl. Journ. 17. ^ terns suberect, simple or branched, 1-2 feet high, minutely pubescent: stipules broadly subulate, the lower ones connate : leaflets 5-8 pairs, canescently pubescent, oblong or lanceolate, nearly glabrous above, 3-12 lines long: peduncles longer than the leaves; loosely 7-30-flowered ; bracts subulate, longer than the pedicels ; flowers 6-9 lines long, light purple ; teeth of the calyx subulate, about as long as the tube; pods 3-4-jointed, minutely pubescent. "Vfash- ington to the K jcky Mountains and far northward. H. llavescens Coult. & Fish. Bot. Gaz. xviii, 300. Stems slender, a foot or more high, puberulent: stipules lanceolate, acuminate, the lower ones connate; leaflets 9-15, oblong to lanceolate, 8-12 lines long: pedun- cles longer than the leaves, loosely many-flowered; calyx campanulate, 2 lines long, the somewhat unequal teeth about as long as the tube; flowers cream-color, 8 lines long, the broad keel conspicuously longer than the wings and banner, on slender pedicels: joints of the pods 2-3 lines broad, usually only 2 maturing, the lowest one aborting and serving as a stipe. Idaho to Montana and Wyoming. Tribe 8. Viciem, Bronu. Disif. 1S3. Herbs with abruptly pin- nafe leaves, the common petiole not articvlnted with the stevi, pro- duced at the apex into a tendril or bristle. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous. Pod continuous, not articiilated, dehiscent. Radicle inflexed. Cotyledons thick, farinaceous, remaining under- groimd and unchanged in germination. 16 VICIA Tourn. Inst. t. 221. L. Gen. n. 873. (Vetch, Tares.) Weak herbs with angled stems, more or less climbing by branched tendrils that terminate the leaves, pinnate leaves, semi- sagitate usually foliaceous stipules, and numerous, rarely few or solitary, flowers in loose peduncled axillary racemes. Calyx o-cleft or toothed, usually unequal. Wings of the corolla ad- herent to the middle of the short keel, the banner obovate or oblong, free. Stamens diadelphous or ne»'.rly so, the mouth of the sheath oblique ; anthers uniform. Ovary two to many- ovuled ; style filiform, bent at right angles to the ovary, the apex surrounded by hairs or hairy on the outside. Pod flat, two- valved, short-stipitate or sessile, not jointed. Seeds globular, the stalk expanded above to cover the linear hilum. * Perennials: flowers- in i)edu:iculate secund racemes. V. srigantea Hook. Fl. i, 157. Stout and tall, climbing several feet high, somewhat pubescent or puberulent: leaves 6 inches long or more ; stipules narrow, deeply and sharply toothed in the middle : leaflets 10-15 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, 1-2 inches long, entire: peduncles shorter than the leaves, 5-18-flowered ; flowers ochroleucous, re- Hexed on short pedicels, 6 lines long; upper calyx-teeth very short, tri- I angular, the lower longer, subulate : pods broadly oblong, 16-18 lines long, I glabrous, 3-4-seeded, black when mature. Common in woods and moist places, California to Alaska, near the coast. ^ I5r) LEGUMTNOS^.. VICIA. LAI V. seiiiicliicttt Greene Erytli. iii, 17. StoiitiHh, very leafy, probalily several feet high, the stem very prominently striate -angled ancl puhei ii- lent: leaflets 20-24, approximate, about 1 inch long, oblong-linear, mu- cronate, glabrous above, beneath silky-puberulent : peduncles far surpii-^s- ing the leaves, the flowers probab''- in a short and dense raceme : pdil-* obliquely oblong-linear, less tha; . les long, glaucescent, not blackening in maturity, few-seeded: seeds globose, l)a "^es thick, dull black, nearly half encircled by the hilum. On Crane Creek, southeastern Oregon. (Mrs, R. M. Austin, 189/5. ) V. Americana Muhl. Wiild. Hp. iii, 109(5. Glabrous throughout: stems 1-4 feet high, from creeping jointed rootstocks: leaflets 4-8 paiin, variable, usually oblong to t)l)long-Ianceolate, obtuse or truncate, nm- cronate, entire, sf>mewhut coriaceous, prominently veined and reticulated, 6-12 lines long : peduncles shorter than the leaves, 4-8-flowered ; flowern purple, 6-9 lines long; calyx tubular, the 2 upper teeth very short or oii- solete, the lateral ones broadly subulate, the lower one narrow, not half as long as the corolla; style very villous at the top: pods oblong, glabrous, an inch or more long, 8-()-fleeded ; seeds dark purple, 1)4 lines in diameter. Common in copses, Oregon and Washington to the Atlantic states and Canada V» trnncata Nutt. T. &(j. Fl. i, 270. Fomewhat pubescent: stems 1-2 feet high, weak: leaflets 5 0 pairs, oblong-linear, usually truncate, serrate or tridentate at tlie apex, 10-12 lines long by 1-4 lines broad, tlie lowest ones often simply acute and apiculate; stipuler, lunate, incinely serrate: peduncles 4-7-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves; lower teeth of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, the upper ones very short, tri- angular; style very villous at the apex: pods oblong, an inch long,, 1-8- seeded : seeds globular, !}» lines in diameter. Common in copses, Brit. Columbia to California. V. Callfornica Greene Fl. Fr. 3. Villous-pubescent : stems erect or \is throughout: stems stout, 1-2 feet high, from long slender rootstocks : stipules broadly ovate, hastate, acute, 12-18 lines long; leaflets 3-5 pairs, ovate-oblong, 1-2 inches long, obtuse or acutish, nearly sessile: peduncles a little shorter than the leaves, 6-10-fiowered; flowers purple and white, 9 lines long; calyx-teeth sparingly ciliate, the upper ones triangular, half as long as the narrowlv subulate lower one : pods linear-oblong, 2 inches long, about 10-ovuled, glabrous or pubescent, straight. On sandy banks near the sea, northern California to Alaska and the Atlantic coast : and Europe. L. polyphyllusNutt. T. &. G. Fl. i, 274. Glabrous throughout : stems stout, 2-4 feet high, branching : stipules triangular, as broad or broader than long, acuminate, often more or less dentate; leaflets 6-10 pairs, thin, oblong, obtuse or acutish , distinctly petiolulate, 1-2 inches long : pedim- oles slender, shorter than the leaves, (MO-flowered; flowers purple, 6-8 lines long; calyx teeth ciliate, the upper pair short, triangular, the other three nearly equal, subulate, 3-4 lines longer: pods linear-oblong, 2 inches long, 2-10-seeded. In forests, Puget Sound to California, near the coast. L. ochrolencns Hook. Fl. i, 159. Glabrous and a little glaucous: stems slender 1-3 feet high : leaflets .3-4 pairs, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, dis- tinctly petiolulate; stipules semicordate, entire or obtusely toothed below: peduncles 7--10-fiowered; flowers ochroleucous, 5-6 lines long; calyx some- what truncate above, the upper teeth broadly triangular, scarcely half the length of the oblong or lanceolate lateral ones, the lower one lanceolate and a little the longest : pods glabrous, linear-oblong. In forests, Paget Sound to the Arctic Circle and across the continent. L. sulphnreas Brewer in Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 399. Rather stout, 1-4 feet high, glabrous : stipules semisagittate, acuminate, 6-10 lines long, the lower half sometimes toothed; leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblong to elliptical, obtuse to acute, ?-18 lines long, very shortly petiolulate: pedun- I lies longer than the leaves, few-many-flowered; flowers sulphur-yellow, 6 lines long; calyx teeth ciliate or glabrous, the upper pair very short, tri- I angular, the other three subulate, nearly as long as tho corolla: pods 158 LKGITMINOS.IC. I/ATHYRITH. lineur-oblong, 1-2 inche.s long. Edges of copseH, \Vt;sierii WtiHliingtoii i(j CaliforniH. L. pauclflorag Kernald Hot. Oaz. xix, 3H5. GlahruiiH throughout: Htems ratl:»r slender, 2-3 feet high: stipules semisagittate, acuminaic, H-12 lines long, coarsely toothed below; leaflets 4-5 pairs, oblong, H- IK lines long, 4-0 lines broad, acutish, spinulose apicuilate, nearly sesHilc; pedun(!les about equalling the leaves, 2-5 flowered; corolla 6-8 lines lonn; upper teeth of the calyx triangular, acuminate, nearly as long as the huIi- ulate lateral ones, the lower one setaceous and nearly as long as the kiel of the corol-a: fruit not seen. In copses, southern Oregon to Utah and Idaho. ■*- ■*- Stipules narrow, semisagittate, the lobes usually lanceolate, acuminate : flowers purple or purplish. ■•* Leaflets 4-6 pairs : peduncles rather many-flowered. L. Bolanderl Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 363. Stems usually stout and tall, wingless: glabrous throughout or the calyx only ciliate; stipuled semisagittate, otten toothed : leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblong-lanceolate to broad- ly ovate, obtuse or retuse to acute, (>-l8 lines long or more: racemes about equalling the leaves, 8-10 flowered ; calyx-teeth broad, the lowest elongated ; petals purple, 6-9 lines long: pods linear, attenuate to the base, 2-2>i; inches long, 3-4 lines broad. Oregon and California. L. lanceolatns. Stems rather slender, 1-2 feet high, not winged, pu- bescent with small soft hairs intermixed with minute dark-colored glands ; leaflets 4-5 pairs, lanceolate, acute, 6-12 lines long, pubescent beneath, smooth above; Btipules small, semisagittate, acuminate, 6-8 lines long, 2-A lines broad : peduncles about equalling the leaves, 3-6 flowered; flo wits blue or violet, 8-10 lines long; calyx dark purple, pubescent, the tube .'5-4 lines long, the lateral teeth triangular, 2 lines long, the lower one seta- ceous, but little longer; ovary glabrous, 10-16 ovuled: fruit not seen. In forests at Glendale, southern Oregon. L. Nnttallii Watson 1. c. xxi. 450. Moi'e or less pubescent throughout with loose wooly hairs; stems rather stout, 1-2 feet high : stipules narrow, semisagittate : leaflets 3-6 pairs, variable, narrowly to broadly elliptical, nsually acute or acutish at both ends, apiculate, 1-2 inches long:pe- \>cr petal purple, the others yellowish-white ; pods linear-oblong, pubescent, 3-5-8eedea. In open forests, Washington to California west of the Cascade Mountains. * * Rachis of the leaves not tendril-bearing; pod broad, short] v stipitate. L. littoralis Endl. in Walp. Rep. i, 722. Densely silky-villous thruunii- out: stems numerous, from creeping perennial rootstocks, stout }4-2 feet high, decumbent toassurgent, diffusely branched: stipules ovate to ohloiii! I or lanceolate, 6-12 lines long; leaflets 1-5 pairs with a small linear termi- nal one, cuneate-oblong, 4-12 lines long : peduncles stout, much longer than the leaves, 4-10-flowered ; calyx truncate at base, the triangular-suli- [ ulate teeth nearly equal, longer than the tulje; upper petal bright purple, 6-8 lines long, exceeding the paler wings and keel ; style flattened for nmi I of its length : poii>!h- Htipul*-' St- k-aflfts I 111 lonj? »)>• 'j-l ger tkiiii till' at base, tliu 11. Nortlu'in aMKLANCIIIKK. I'KRAPMYLMIM. POMACK^.. 16» 5. jnsp. 1 < < . i&\\ caducous I yx tubular ot| with a disk. Petals 5. le disk of tbel lary l-celledj Istly l-seedeJ Ikclons large, Calyx catnpajuilato, the limb A-imrtt'd, persistent. Petals StiimenH 20, niueh sliortiT than the petals. Styles .'»-.'>, coules- ct nt at base or distinct ('ar|)(ds .'{-'). becoming nMMnbrannceous, iiK oinpletely 2-celled by a partition from the back, 1-seeded, Wliolly covered by tin* adnate calyx-tube. Fruit small, l)crrv- likc, crowned with the persistfut caly.x-lobes, tlu^ pulp sweet. Seeds small, with a thin black testa. A. alnifolla Nutt. Joum. P]iila, re- tiexed, densely tomentose inside; petals oblong, (5-7 lines long by 2-4 lines broad, rounded at the summit; stamens shorter than the lobes of the calyx: fruit globose, 3-4 lines in diameter. In wooded districts, Wash- ington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains. A. pallida Greene Fl. Fr. 53. »Stems clustered and bushy, 3-6 feet iiigh, with an ashy bark, rigid and somewhat intricately branched : leaves rather thick, oblong-lanceolate to oblong or elliptical obtuse or retuse, sparingly dentate towards the apex, entire and usually rounded below, often entire and cuspidate, 6-10 lines long, somewhat tomentose : racemes short and somewhat corymbose, the lower pedicels elongated ; calyx more iir less tomentose, the lobes triangular, acute, erect; petals obovate or obo- vate-oblong, slightly concave, 3-6 lines long : stamens shorter than the 1 calyx. Common on dry hillsides, southern Oregon and northern Cali- fornia. 5 PERAPHYLLUM Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 1, 474. Low much branched shrubs with deciduous leaves crowde with the radicle at the base. P. ramoslHSlmum Nutt. 1. c. A shrub 4-6 feet high with hard white vood and grayish bark : brnnches slender, recurved and more or less tor- Ituous, spreadmg widely: leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-2 inches long, pntire or obsoletely serrulate, smooth and shining above, very minutely pubescent beneath : calyx urceolate, the tube wholly adnate to the ovary, 166 EOSACEiE. it; '1 ■11 the triangular lobes shorter than the tube, reflexed, pubescent within; petals broadly obovate, rounded at the apex, 4-6 lines long, white; stam- ens about equalling the calyx-lobes, persistent; styles filiform, thickeiiuil toward the summit, longer than the stamens, united and pubescent be- low ; fruit globose, 4-6 lines in diameter, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes. On dry hillsides, eastern Oregon to California. Order XXIX. ROSACEA Juss. Hort. Trian., Endl. Gen. 124U. Herbs or shrubs with alternate simple or compound leaves, mostly foUaceous commonly adnate stipules and perfect or uni- sexual flowers in cymes, corymbs, panicles or solitary. Calyx free from the ovary, 4-5-cleft, the segments mostly valvate in the bud, commonly persistent. Petals perigynous, as many as the lobes of the calyx and alternate with them, or none. Sta- mens five to many, perigynous, raiely hypogynous. Pistils one to many; ovary usually one-celled and one-valved, sometimes many-ovaled; ovules pendulous or ascending. Styles as mam as the ovaries, inserted terminally or laterally, persistent or deciduous. Fruit achenes drupelets or follicular. Seeds mostly anatropous, with little or no albumen. , Tribk I. RosE.K. Carpels many, becoming bony achencp, en- closed and concealed in ilie globose or urn-sliaped tieshy ealyx- tiibe which resembles a pome. 1. Rosa. Erect, usually prii-kly shrubs with pinnate leaves and large flowers. Tribe ii. Sanguisorbe^e. Carpels 1-3, becoming achenw, completely enclosed in the dry and firm calyx-tube, the throat I of which is constricted ur sometimes nearly closed : ovule sus- pended, solitary. Ours are herbs with compound or lobed leaves. t, Sangaisorba. Calyx-lobes petaloid, deciduous; the tube 4-angled, I naked; petals wanting : carpels 1-2: herbs with compound leaves and I red or white flowers in dense spikes. 3. Affrimonia* Calyx turbinate, surrounded by a margin of hocjkedl prickles: stamens 5-15: carpels 2: perennial herbs with pinnate | leaves and yellow flowers in spicate racemes. 4. AlchemiUa. Calyx urceolate, naked, minutely bracteolate: petalsj wanting: stamens 1-4: small annuals with minute flowers in axillanj clusters. Tribe iir. Dryade^. Carpels numerous, several or solitarvl 1-ovuled, becoming dry achenes : calyx not enclosing t)r atj least not constricted over the fruit : seeds erect or ascending. * Shrubs: carpel solitary : style not elongated in fruit; stigma decnrrent : calyx imbricated, without bractlets : radicle inferior. 5. Kunzla. Diffusely branched shrubs with mostly fascicled leaves an| solitary yellow flowers, terminal on the short branchlets. * * Trees or shrubs : carpels solitary : style elonjrated and plumose | in fruit: calyx imbricated, without bractlets: seeds erect. 4>. Cercocarpus. Small trees or shrubs with simple leaves and axilliij 7. sol th( * « of br -*— eulatf Gen in fj 8. naked Frai scatl leavt 9. 10. CoiHi eoiiVi piiini SibI very f late. 11. P0t€ or mo dry rd Vi. Hor amen dry n< ones 0 13. Ivesi pels 1-1 partec Tribe numeroui becoming but one H. Rabi ing int| Tribe tinies valij becoming! seeds 1-1( IS* Holod with sill §2 Ca seeded. * Seed! the otherf !l Fllipej pinnate! ROSACE.E. 167 nt within; hite; slam- , thickened bescent be- ! persistent Gen. 1240. nd leaves, ect or nu'- y. Calyx valval e in 18 many as Lone. ^5ta- Pistils oiw sometimes es as many ersistent or lav. Seeds achenos, en- ieshy calyx- aves and large ing acboiu';, the tbro:it | ': ovule sus- obed leaves'. tube4-aiigHl und leaves and I rgin of hooked! with, pinnate I cteolate: petalsl wera in axiUaty| •al or solitary,| closing or »' iscending. fruit; stigma inferior. ;icled leaves anlj ets. !d and plumose | ct. solitary cr somewhat fascicled flowers: calyx-tube long-cylindrical, the limb deciduous ; petals wanting : carpel usually solitary. * * * Herbs : carpels few-many: calyx valvate in the bud, with a set of bractlets alternating with the lobes. ■*- Seeds erect from the base of the cell : culate in the middle. style terminal, often gcni 7. Geum, Carpels numerous, on a dry receptacle: the elongated style in fruit mostly geniculate and articulated near the middle or plumose. ■*- •«- Peed suspended or ascending: radicle superior: style small, naked, not geniculate. 8. Frag:aria. Petals broad and conspicuous, sessile: carpels numerous, scattered on a large fleshy, becoming pulpy, receptacle ; style lateral : leaves trifoliolate. 9. Cosiiarum. Carpels very numerous, on a large fleshy or spongy convex receptacle : stvle inserted below the apex of the ovary : leaves pinnate : coarse marsh perennials. 10. 8ibbaldia. Petals narrow and minute, sessile: stamens 5; filaments very short, filiform : carpels 0-10, on a dry receptacle : leaves trifolio- late. 11. Potentilla. Petals usually conspicuous, sessile : stamens usually 20 or more ; filaments narrow or filiform : carpels mostly numerous, on a dry recepta.)le : leaves pinnate or digitate; leaflets not confluent. \i. Horkella. Petals conspicuous, with claws : stamens 10 or more ; fil- aments more or less dilated or subulate: carpels usually many, on a dry nearly naked receptacle : leaves pinnate; leaflets many, the upper ones often confluent. 13. Ivesla. Petals with claws: stamens 5-20; filaments filiform: car- pels 1-15, on a dry villous receptacle : leaves pinnate ; leafiets cleft or parted, often small and very numerous, closely imbricated. Tribe iv. Rube^. Calyx open, without bractlets : stamens numerous: carpels several or numerous, on a spongy receptacle, becoming pulpy-coated achenes in fruit : ovules 2, pendulous, but one maturing. 14. Rubas. Carpels 2-many, crowded on an elevated receptacle, ripen- ing into a coherent body of small drupes. Tribe v. Spir^.«;. Calyx campanulate, imbricate or some- times valvate in the bud : carpels few, mostly 5, rarely solitary, becoming follicles or dehiscent 2-valved pods : styles terminal : seeds 1-10 in each carpel, pendulous or ascending. § 1 Carpels becoming 1-seeded achenes. 15. Holodlsens. Carpels membranaceous, woolly, 1-seeded: shrubs with simple lobed leaves without stipules. (j 2 Carpels becoming follicles or 2-valved capsules, usually several- seeded. * Seeds in ours not known : carpels distinct : ovules 2, one above the other, pendulous • herbs with pinnately divided stipulate leaves. 116. Filipendula. Carpels membranaceous, 1-celled, distinct: leaves avea and axillifl pinnate, the terminal leaflet large and lobed. 168 ROSACEyK. RUB A. * * Seeds with shining stony testa : albumen very distinct : stipules membranaceous, caducous. 17. Opnlaster. Carpels membranaceous, inflated, 2-valved, distinct, often stipitate : flowers perfect, corymbose : leaves lol>ed. * * * Seeds with membranous testa and no albumen ; stipules none. +■ Calyx persistent: stamens perigynous: carpels several-seeded. 18. Spiriea. Carpels cartilaginous, follicular, distinct : flowers perfect, rarely polygamous : shrubs with simrtle serrate or incised leaves. 19. Lnetkea. Carpels membranaceous, 2-valved, distinct : low herbs with biternately parted leaves and perfect flowers. •*- ■*- Calyx marcescent: stamens hypogynous: carpels few-seeded. 20. Aruncus. Carpels cartilaginous, 1-valved, distinct: tall herbs with ternately compound leaves and dioecious flowers. Tribe J. Roseas Juss. Carpels many, with two suspeiuled ovules, one above the other, bp>'oming crustaceous, indehiscent, one- seeded achenes, inserted on the whole inner surface of the thickened torus or disk which lines the tube of the calyx. 1 ROSA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 631. (Rosk). Prickly shrubs with unequally pinnate leaves, adnate stipules and large flowers in corymbs or solitary. Calyx urceolate, the tube contracted at the mouth, at length fleshy or baccate, en- closing the numerous distinct ovarie.s. Ovaries one-celled, with two suspended ovules, one above the other, becoming one-seeded indehiscent crustaceous or bony achenes, inserted on the whole inner surface of the thickened disk that lines the tube cf the calyx, style terminal or nearly so, somewhat exserted, distinct or connate above. * Sepals connivent after flowering and persistent. R. Nutkaiia Presl. Epimel. Bot. 203. Stems stout, 1-10 feet higli, armed with stout straight or recurved spines, the branches sometimes un- armed and the young slioots usually prickly : stipules rather broad, gland- ular-ciliate ; leaflets 5-9, broadly elliptical to ovate or oblong or lanceolate, usually rounded at base, serrate above the middle, }4-2 inches long, finely pubescent and more or less resinous beneath : flowers solitary or 2-3 to- gether; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate and tipped with a lanceolate I entire foliaceous appendage, the whofe 12-18 lines long, densely tomento*[ inside, smooth or more or less glandular outside : petals broadly obovate , or obcordate, 12-16 lines long, nearly as broad : fruit globose, 6 lines lon^ or more, not contracted above into a neck. Common from Brit. Colnmlii;i| to California, Montana and Utah. R. blanda Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 202. Stems 1-2 feet high, wholly un- armed, or usually with a few slender straight scattered prickles, sometiiiiw more densely prickly : stipules dilated, naked and entire, or slightlv tj:laml-| ular toothed above ; leaflets 6-7, usually oblong-oblanceolate, mostly eiim- ate at base and shortly petiolulate, coarsely and simply toothed, gliihiniisj above, paler and glabrous or more or less pubescent beneath, not resinDiisI or very rarely slightly so, usually large, the terminal one ?^-2)4 inclitsl long; rachis pubescent, sometimes sparingly prickly : flowers large, cdi'viii-r hose or often solitary : sepals entire, shortly hispid or sometimes iiakiiill fruit globose or with more or less of a necK below the calyx, Honietiiii«l ite stipules eolate, the »accate, en- belled, Avith one-eeeded 1 the whdle tube of the distinct or 1. 8. PRUN08. CERASUS. Pranas. bud. Cerasas. the bnd. AMYGDALACEiE. 161 Flowers perfect: carpel solitary: leaves convolute in the Flowers perfect: carpel solitary: leaves condiiplicate in Osmaronia. Flowers polygamo-dicecious : carpels 5, becoming 5 drupes, or by abortion fewer or none. 1 PRUlNi'S Juss. Gen. 341. (Pldm. Phune). Leaves convolute in the bud. Flowers in umbellate clusters from lateral buds, appearing before or with the leaves. Drupe ovoid, glabrous and glaucous ; the thick sarcocarp pulpy. I'ut- anien (stone) bo.i}', smooth, compressed, acutely edged on one margin, grooved on the other. P. subcordata Benth. PI. Hartw. 308 (?). A much branched shrub, 3- 12 feet high, with ashy-gray bark : young branches and leaves finely pu- bescent, becoming glabrous: stipules narrowly-lanceolate, laciniate-den- tate, 1-2 lines long; leaves ellii^tical to ovate, cordate to cuneate at base, obtuse or acute, sharply and finely serrulate, about an inch long, short- petioled : umbel 2-4-flowered; pedicels 3-6 lines long; calyx campanulate, the oblong obtuse minutely dentate lobes about as long as the tube; petals white, obovate, rounded at the apex, 4--5 lines long by 2-3 lines broad : fruit 8-10 lines long, oblong, subacid. Ou dry rocky hUls and open woods, Umpqua valley, Oregon, to California. P. Oregaiia Greene Pitt, iii, 21. "Evidently allied to P. subcord- ata, but leaves little more than an inch long, subcoriaceous, pubescent on both faces, in outline oval or 1 oadly elliptic, never subcordate, commonly acutish at both ends, serx'iK -. 'lowers unknown: fruits in pairs or threes, on pedicels (i lines 1< r <• more, densely tomentose when very ycang, more thinly so, ye' '1 liiictly tomentulose when half-grown. Known only from specimens collected on the Yainax Indian reservation in southeastern Oregon, by Mrs. Austin, in 1893. * * * " 2 CERASUS Juss. gen. 340. (Cherry.) Trees or shrubs with alternate simple leaves that are condupli- cate in the bud and corymbose or racemose flov.ers from lateral buds, appearing before or with the leaves. Calyx campanulate, deciduous, the limb 5-parted, regular. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 15-30. Ovary solitary, 1 -celled, with two collateral pendulous ovules. ])rui>e globose, fleshy, destitute of bloom ; stone mostly globose, smooth, not prominently margined. § 1. EucERASUS T. & G. Fl. i, 409. Flowers from lateral leaf- less buds, appearing before or with the leaves ; pedicels umbel- late-fascicled, corymbose, or racemose. C. einarginata Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 169. Prunus emarginata Walp. Shrub 3-12 feet high, diffusely branched from the base and clothed througn- out with a smooth shining bark: leaves oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, mostly obtuse, rarely emarginate, crenately serrulate, 1-3 inches long, with a single or a pair of glands at or above the junction of the petiole and blade, pubescent beneath, nearly smooth or puberulent above: inflor- escence pubescent; racemes few-flowered: calyx campanulate, the oblong obtuse lobes soon reflexed, scarcely equalling the tube, about a line long; petals orbicular-ovate, 2 lines long, minutely pubescent outside : drupe 3-4 lines in diameter, dark-red, intensely bitter and astringent. Common in mountainous districts, Brit. Columbia to California, east of the Cascade I Mountains. 102 AMYGDALACE^. CEBASU8. 08MARONIA. C. mollis Dougl. 1. c. Pninus emarginata var. mollis Brew . A small straight graceful tree 20-50 feet high by 2-20 inches in diameter, with red- dish, characteristic cherrv bark and slender ashy-gray or reddish branch- lets : young branches and inflorescence soft-pubescent : stipules lanceolato, pectinate, 1-2 lines long; leaves obovate to oblong or oblanceolate, mostly acutish, crenately serrulate, 1-3 inches long, narrowed below to a short petiole, pubescent beneath, nearly smooth above: corymbs 5-10-flowere(l; calyx turbinate, the oblong, obtuse, entire lobes soon reflexed, not more than half as long as the tuba; petals obovate, on short claws, 2 lines long: fruit bright red, about 3-4 lines long, intensely bitter : stone wrinkleii, carinate en one edge, rounded or barely acute on the other. Common in forests. Brit. Columbia to California. § 2. Padu8 T. & G. 1. c. 410. Flowers in niceines terminat- ing leafy branches, appearing aftqr the evolution of the leaves : leaves deciduous. C. demissa Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 411. Frunm demwsa Walp. An erect slender shrub 2-20 feet high: leaves obovate or oblong- ovate, usually broadest above the middle, abruptly acuminnta, mostly rounded or some- what cor late at base, sharply serr iie .vitn straight slender teeth, more or less pubescent beneath, 2-4 inches long, the petiole usually biglandular just belo* its summit : racemes 3-4 inches long, many-flowered, longer than the leaves, usually nodding ; calyx hemispherical, the lobes short and ob- tuse, glandularly ciliate, much shorter than the tube; petals white, orliic- ular to ellintical, 2-3 lines long: fruit globose, purplish-black or red, sweet and edible but astringent: stone globose. On rocky hills and river banks, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. 3 OSMARONIA Greene Pitt, ii, 189. ' NVTTALLIA T. & G. H. &A. Hot. Beech. Supp. 336 t. 82. Shrubs with simple alternate deciduous leaves without sti- pules and polygamo-dia^cious wliite flowers in loose nodding bracted racemes which appear with the branchlets from the suiue buds. Calyx 5-lobed, deciduous. Petals 5, alternate with the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 15, in two rows, 10 inserted with the petals and 5 lower down upon the disk that lines the calyx- Lube, those of the fertile flowers all with abortive anthers, tiir- pels 5, inserted upon the persistent base of the calyx, free; styles lateral, jointed at base ; ovules two in each carpel, pendu- lous. Fruit 1— 5, 1-seeded drupes with thin pulp and smooth bony stone. Cotyledons convolute in the bud. 0. ceraslformis Greene 1. c. 191. Nuttallia cemsiformis T. d- G. Shrubs with clustered stems 2-15 feet high, dark brown Dark and rather slender glabrous branches : leaves broadly oblanceolate, acute or acutish, attenuate to a short slender petiole, entire, smooth above, soft-pubescent beneath, 2-4 inches long: racemes short-peduncled. shorter than the leaves; bracts spatulate, equaUing the calyx-tube; deciduous; pedicel?* (w I lines long, with a pair of linear, acuminate bractlets near the base of the calyx; calyx campanulate, the short triangular lobes about half as long as the tube: petals spatulate, twice as long as the calyx-lobes, those of the fertile flowers smaller : drupes blue-bLick with a bloom when fully mature, 5-8 lines long, oblong, with a slight furrow on the inner side; stone] smooth, somewhat compressed. Coriimon in wooded districts, Brit. Colum- bia to California. Flowering in v jry early spring. , CRA OlUP.R Tree leaves, lar whi tered. herent witli an in tlie serted c of 2-5 < becomii ally two 1. 2. 3. Crata 8eede( Sorbii a prop Malas charta * » Cs back of 4. Amela proper p incompi< 5« Perap F>ome; tition Thorny leaves, a^ corymbs, spreading seeded ri| drupe-likJ C. Don] shrub or sn elliptical t*: the young i cent on bo^ ine long, a| lar, 3-4 lin J , carjjels distl I of the Case C. CoInJ spines stoil incleely 6-j tipped, espf to a short CRATJC(1UB. POMACE iE. 163 A small with red- ti branch- inceolato, te, mostly to a short . flowered ; not more ineslong: wrinkled, lommon in . An erect tte, usually ,ed or some- 5th, more or biglandular , longer than tiort and ob- vhite, critic- lack or red, Us and river ■•mil T. ifi- /'■ rk and rather ite or acutisli. 8oft-pubeHi;ent rter than the 1 s ; pedicel^* t>-' ihe base of the half as long ), those of 'he fully mature, .er side; Htone] B, Brit. Colum- Ori -^R XXVIII. POMACE/E Loiseleur-Deslongchamps Man. PI. Us. i, 211. Trees or shrubs with alternate, simple or unequally pinnate leaves, caducous free or nearly free stipules and perfect, regu- lar white or reddish flowers in racemes or corymbosely clus- tered. Calyx-tube urceolate or campanulate, more or less co- herent with the ovary, the usuallv short, free portion lined with an annular or laminar disk, the limb 5-lobed, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, perig;^nou8. Stamens mostly 20, in- serted on the disk of the calvx. Ovary compound, composed of 2-5 carpels with two collateral ascending ovules in each, becoming a pome; styles as many as the carpels. Seeds usu- ally two in each cell, without albumen. * Carpels 1-celled, not divided by a partition from the back. 1, Crataegns. Fruit drupaceous: ovary 2-5-c el led," becoming 2-5 1- seeded nutlets, either separable or united into one. 2. Sorbns. Shrubs or small trees with unequally pinnate leaves : fruit a proper pome, with coriaceous undivided 1-seeded cells. 3t Malus. Trees or shrubs with simple leaves : fruit a proper'pome with chartaceous 2-seeded undivided cells. * * Carpels more or less spuriously 2-celled by a partition from the back of each carpel. 4. Amelanchier. Shrubs or small trees with simple"^leaves : fruit a proper pome, 5-carpeled or by abortion 3 or 4-carpeled : carpels coherent, incompletely 2-celled by a partition from the back. 5> Peraphyllum. Small shrubs with simple leaves : iruit a ' proper pome; 2- rarely 3-carpeled; carpels nearly distinct, 2-celled by a par- tition from the back. 1 CRAT^GUS Tourn. L. Gen. n. 622. Thorny shrubs or small trees with simple toothed or lobed leaves, and mostly white, heavy-scented flowers in terminal corymbs. Calyx-tube urceolate, the limb 5-parted. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5-20. Carpels 2-5, becoming bony 1- seeded nutlets, contiguous or united : styles distinct. Fruit drupe-like, globose ot '>void, crowned with the calyx-teeth.^ \ C. ]>0U|plasii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1. 1810. C. rivvlaris Nutt. (?). A stout shrub or small tree, 20-40 feet high : spines stout, (5-13 lines long : leaves elliptical to obovate, usually cuneate at base, irregularly serrate, those of the young shoots often incisely lobed, 1-3 inchep long, ' somewhat pubes- cent on both sides : inflorescence tomentose ; lobes of the calyx entire, a line long, about half as long as the tube, pubescent inside; petals orbicu- lar, 3-4 lines long : fruit black, 4-5 lines in diameter, often only 3-carpeled; carpels distinct. Along water courses, Brit. Columbia to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. , C. Columbiana. A much branched shrub or small tree, 6-15 feet high : spines stout. 1-2 inches h)ng: leaves cuneate-obovate, 1-2 inches long, incisely 5-9-lobed above the middle, acute, serrate, the teeth often viand- tipped, especially below, sparingly pubescent or glabrate, attenuate below I to a short petiole : corymbs rather many-flowt red, sparingly pubescent or 1^ POMACE^:. 80RBUH. MALCB. glabrate; lobes of the calyx triangular, acute, often serrate, about as long as the tube, dark red, petals orbicular, 3-4 lines long: fruit scarli't, obovoid, 4-6 lines long; carpels distinct. Common along the Columl)ia river and its tributaries east of the Cascade Mountains. 2 &ORBUB Tourn. L. Gen. n. 623. Shrubs or small trees with unequally pinnate clecitkioiis leaves and small flowers in terminal compound cymes. Calyx urceolate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, alternate with the lo^^e8 of tho calyx. Stamens 20. Styles 8-5, distinct. Carpels 3-5, coria- ceous, 1-celled, 2-ovuled, 1-seeded. Fruit small, globose or jiy- rifonn. S. sambnclfolla Roem. Syn. Monogr. iii, 39. Pyrus sambncifulk Cham. & Schlecht. A shrub, 4-12 feet high with coarse ascending branches: nearly glabrous, the leaf-buds and inflorescence usually sinu- ingly villous: leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong to lanceolate, acute; sharply ser- rate from near the base, 1-2 inches long : cymes flattish, often 4 to 6 inches in diameter and many-flowered ; lobes of the calyx broadly subulate, 1-2 lines long; petals white, orbicular, attenuate below to a short claw, 2-3 lines long, fru'.t globose, about three lines in diameter, coral-red, bitter. On high mountains, Oregon to Alaska. S. occideiitalis Greene Fl. Fr. 54. Pijr'is occidentaUs Watson Pi'w. Am> Acad, xjiiii, 263. A shrub 2-6 feet high with rather coarse erect branches ; glabrous throughout or the inflorescence partly hairy : leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, sometimes mucronate, dentate usu- ally only toward the apex, rarely below the middle, sometimes entire, 6-20 lines long: cymes small, usually rather few-flowered ; calyx glabrous, with short triangular lobes : petals white. 1-2 lines long, orbicular, ab- ruptly narrowed below to a short claw ; styles villous at base : fruit pyri- form, red, 4 lines long. On high mountains near perpetual snow, Wash- ington to California and the Rocky Mountains. 3 MALUB Tourn. (apple). Small deciduous trees with simple more or less serrate leaves and reddish or white flowers in simple corymbose cymes at the ends of short lateral branchlets. Calyx tube urceolate, tlio limb 5-lobed, petals 5, usually rather large. Stamens 20. Styles 5, more or less united at base. Carpels 5, chartaceous in fruit, S^-seeded, 1-celled, wholly covered by the adnate calyx-tube. FruH globose to oblong, depressed at both ends, the flesh con- taining malic acid and destitute of grit-cells. M. rlvnlaris Roem. Syn. Monog. ii., 215. Pyrus rirularis Dovgl. A small tree 16-30 feet high : leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, some- times obscurely 3-lobed, more or less woolly-pubescent, 1-3 inches long; stipules setaceous : cymes shortly racemose, leafy at base; pedicels slen- der, 1-2 inches long, pubescent; calyx pubescpnt, the limb at length de- ciduous, the lanceolate acuminate lobes as long as the tube ; petals orbicu- lar, abruptly contracted below to a short claw, 4-6 lines long, white; styles 2-5, united at base : fruit oblong, 4-6 lines in diameter. Common in swales and along streams, northern California to Alaska. 4 AMELANCHIER Lobellus ; Lindl. Linn. Trans, xiii, 100. (Servick-Berrv). ' Shrubs or small trees with simple alternate deciduous leaves, small racemes of white flowers and black or purplish edible fruit. OBUM. ROSACEiE. 173 liqiicly open on one side. On dry hillsides, southwestern Oregon to Cali- fornia. 7 GEUM L. Gen. n. (536. Perennial herbs with mostly radical lyrato or pinnate leaves, adnate stipules and solitary or corynrbose flowers. Calyx ob- conic at base, deeply 5-cleft, usually' with 5 bracteoles alternat- iiii; with the lobes. Petals 5, obtuse or emarginate. Stamens nmnerous, inserted into the disk that- lines the base of the calyx ; tihiiujnts somewhat persistent. Carpels numerous, 1-ovuled, on a dry, conical or clavato receptacle, becoming achenes ; styles terminal, at least the base persistent, stiaight, or geniculate near the middle : stigma simple. Seed erect ; radicle inferior. § 1 EuGEUM T. & G. F!. i, 420. Flowers erect : segments of the calyx reflexed : head of carpels sessile : styles articulated and geniculate above the middle, the lower portion glabrous, hooked at the apex, persistent after the deflexed and mostly hairy terminal portion falls away. G. macrophyllain Willd. Enum. i, ?S/. Hirsute throughout with spreading yellowish hairs : stems mostly solitary, 1-3 feet high, usually simple : stipules foliaceous, ovate, lacerats; serrate, adnate to the petiole below the middle, acuminate above; radical leaves lyrate and interruptedly pinnate, 6-12 inches long or more the terminal leaflet very large, round-cordate, irregularly lobed and toothed, the others very unequal, often very small ; cauline leaves similar but with a short rachis or reduced to the terminal leaflet only : flowers yyllow, 6-9 lines broad, in an open panicle; bractlets small, often wanting; lobes of the calyx ovate, long acuminate, puberulent or nearly smooth reflexed, about equalling the obovate or oblong patals : style three lines long, at length reflexed; achenes hispid, upon a nearly naked oblon;| receptacle. In moist meadows and along streams. Alaska to California and across the continent. G. strictum Ait. Hort Kew ii, 218. Stems and petioles hirsute or hispid, with spreading haivs: stems stout, 2-3 feet high, simple, dichoto- mous at the summit : radical leaves interrupted and somewhat lyrately pinnate; leaflets cuneiform-obovate, incisely lobed and serrate; cauline leaves 3-5-foliolate; the leaflets rhombic-ovate or oblong, acute, sharply toothed and incised; appressed-pubescent; stipules large, incised : flowers rather large, numerous; bractlets shorter than the calyx-lobes; petals yellow, roundish-oval, longer than the calyx: carpels hispid at the apex; style glabrous, the upper joint hairy: receptacle densely pubescent. In tijlds and moist places, Idaho to the New England States and Canada. ^ 2. SrEVERsiA Willd. Berl. Ma^. rather large, erect ; segments of the calyx erect head of carpels sessile : style wholly persistent. , 398 as genus. Flowers or spreading : (i. triflornni Pursh Fl. 736. Yillous and hirsute: stems clustered, from stout branching rootstocks, 6-15 inches high, simple, nearly naked : ra(hcal leaves pinnate, with nui lerous cuneate-oblong irregularly incised leariets: the cauline reduced to a few small linear-Jobed leaves or bracts: [ flowers few, usually 3, on long peduncles ; calyx often purplish, the linear braotiets 4-9 lines long usually exceeding the calyx-lobes and equalling the oblong purplish erect petals : tails of the small aehenes plumose, at length 2-3 inches long: receptacle small, hemispherical. On bleak hill- tops, from Arctic America to California and the Rocky Mountains. 174 ROSACEiE.' FKAGARTA. COMARUM. 8 FRAGARIA Tourn. L. Gen. n 633. (sihawbefby). Acaiilescent stoloniferous perennials with trlfoliolate, coarsdy toothed leaves and white flowers in few-flowered cymes upon erect scapes in early spring. Calyx concave, persistent, tin- limb r)-lobed with 5 alternate bractlets, valvate m the bud. Petals 5. Stamens many, in one row. Carpels numerous, smooth; style lateral, very short; ovule solitary, ascending. Receptacle large, fleshy, becoming conical and pulpy, bearing the small turgid crustaceous achenes upon its surface, at length sepaiat- ing from the conical central portion of the torus. F. cnneifolla Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 448. Usually low; petioles and scapes villous with spreading hairs : leaves 1-6 inches high; leaflets ciine- ate-oblong, very obtuse and coarsely toothed at the summit, smooth above, appressecT silky beneath: scapes shorter than the petioles, l-few-flowiieil, decumbent or ascending ; bractlets oblanceolate, entire, shorter than the lanceolate acuminate calyx-lobes: receptacle sparingly villous, in fruit semi-hemispherical to oblong 3-9 lines m diameter: achenes deeply im- bedded in the receptacle. Very common in prairies and open places, Alaska to California. F. Californlca Cham &Schlecht. Linn, ii, 20. Comparatively tall, 2- 12 inches high : pubescence of the petioles and scapes usually appressed, sometimes spreading and appressed on the same plant : leaflets obovate to oblong, more or less caneate at base, coarsely toothed above the middle, appressed-silky beneath, sparingly villous above, (5-18 lines long : scapes equalling or surpassing the leaves, erect; bractlets linear-oblanceolate, en- tire or sparingly toothed, about equalling the triangular acuminate calyx- lobes: receptacle very sparingly if at all hairy; fruit oblong to obovoid, 8-6 lines in diameter: achenes sliglitly imbedded in the receptacle. Common throughout the Pacific States, always in wooded districts. 9 COMARUM L. Gen. n. 638. Perennial herbs with pinnate leaves, mostly scarious wholly adnate stipules and purple flowers. Calyx flat, deeply 5-clol't, rarely 6-7 cleft, with as many smaller alternate deflexed bract- lets. Petals 5, somewhat persistent. Stamens numerous, in- serted into the thickened and hairy slightly lobed disk which lines the bottom of the calyx; filaments subulate, persistent. Achenes aggregated on the convex, at length very large and fleshy or spongy persistent receptacle : styles filiform, at length deciduous, inserted below the apex of the ovary; sti-jma simple, Seed inserted next the insertion of the style, pendv'' ' Radicle superior. • C. palnstre L. Sp. 502. Stems stout, ascending f.-ou? a decumbent rooting perennial base }^n-2 feet long, glabrous below, minutely silky or glandular-pubescent above: lower stipules scarious, amplexicaul, long-ad- nate to the petiole ; the upper broadly ovate, entire : leaves pinnate : leaflets 5-7, oblong 1-2 inches long, more or less pubescent beneath, dark green above, coarsely serrate: flowers dark purple, in an open few-flowered cyme; bractlets linear, acuminate, much shorter than the calyx; calyx-lobes {mrple within, ovate, acuminate, becoming 6-10 lines long; petals epatu- 1 ate, acute, 2-3 lines long; stamens 20, with stout fleshy filaments, in onel row : carpels very numerous, sessile upon the large fleshy receptacle. In I marshes and bogs, Alaska to California and across the continent. SIBBALDIA. POTENTILLA. ROSACEiE. 175 ■ , .. _ 10 SIBBALDIA L. Gen. n. 393. Procumbent or depressed suffruticose plants with trifoliolate Icavt's and rather small flowers on scape-like peduncles. Calyx ratlicr flat, 5-cleft and 5-bracteolate. Stamens 5, alternate with the 5 petals, inserted into the margin of the villous disk which lilies the base of the calyx; filaments short. Carpels 5-10, raised on short hairy stipes; styles lateral, attached near the base of the ovary; stigma capitate, depressed. Seed ascending, amphi- troi)ous. Radicle superior. S. procumbens L. Sp. 284. Somewhat villous : stems creeping, leafy at the extremities: leaves trifoliolate; leaflets cuneiform, 8-12 hues long, 3-5 toothed at the apex : calyx-lobes 1-2 lines long ; bractlets linear and shorter : petals much snorter, acute. Alpine and subalpine, from tlie Arctic rejjioiis to California and the Rocky Mountains: Greenland, Labrador and the White Mountains of N. H., Northern Europe. 11 POTENTILLA L. Gen. n. 634. Herbaceous or suffruticose plants with pinnately or palmately compound leaves, adnata stipules and axillary oi* cymous inflor- esience. Calyx concave at tlie bottom, deeplj' 4-5-cleft, with 4-5 alternate bractlets. Petals 4-5, obtuse or retuse or obcord- ate, deciduous. Stamens numerous, inserted into the margin of the disk which lines the base of the calyx : filaments filiform or subulate. Carpels numerous 1-ovuled, collected into a head on the flattish persistent dry villous receptacle : styles lateral or nearly terminal, deciduous : stigmas obtuse or somewhat capi- tate : ovule always inserted next the inseition of the style and iiccordingly either suspended or ascending. Kadicle always su- perior. § 1 Styles thickened and glandular toward the base : carpels glabrous, numerous, sessile : inflorescence cymose. * Style attached below the middle of the ovary : disk thickened and pentagonal ; stamens 20 -30, in one row on the margin of th^ disk ; herbaceous perennials with pinnate leaves and glandular-vil- lous pubescence. P. gintiiiosa Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 446, under P. fissa var. Stems stout, i erect, simple, striate, 1-4 leet high : radical leaves 7-11-foliolate 4-12 inches long, usually long-petioled; stipules ovate, entire or incised ; leaf- lets rounded or subrhomboidal, incised or densely serrate, the terminal I one 1-3 inches long: inflorescence loosely and regularly dichotomous, forming an almost flat-topped cyme ($-8 inches broad in fruit; calyx I densely pubescent, the acute sepals 3-4 lines long ; bractlets much smaller; petals rounded obtuse, 3-5 lines long, clear yellow : achenes very broadly pblique-ovoid, obtuse, distinctly carinate on the back above the middle, the sides marked with numerous rather coarse siiTiple or forked veins. [On stony hills, Vancouver Island to Oregon and Idaho. P. clliata. Loosely pilose throughout: stems cespitose, slender, 110-12 inches high, from short creeping rootstocks: radical leaves 4-6 I inches long; stipules linear to obovate, 4-6 lines long, more or less lacer- jate; leaHets 5-9, with 2-6 small ones interspersed, mostly obovate with jcuneate base, 4-12 lines long, coarsely lacerate toothed: flowers large, in la rather close corymbose cyme; sepals ovate, acuminate, 4-6 lines long. 176 rosacea:. POTENTIT,LA. coiiepicuouBly ciliate ; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 3-4 lines long; piUils broadly oboviile or nearly orbicular, 6 lines lonu: or more, bright yellow . achenes not known. In wet meadows on the Siskiyou MtnuitainH nciir Ashland Butte, Oregon. . P. flsRH Nutt. 1. c. Viscidly pubescent : stems erect, branching. It miv, 8-10 inches high : leaves 9-11-foliolate on short petioles ; leaflets uno(|ual, roundish or oval, deeply inrised or incisely tootned; cymes narrow, icw- flowered; sepals ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate ; bractlets nuichsniitllir, often toothed; petals bright vellow, large, very concave, much exceei I in;; the sepals. Idaho to the Rocky Mountams. V, glandnlosa Lindl. liot. Reg. xix, t. 158;{. Stems erect, sleiiilir, branched above, villous-pubescent, viscid toward the summit: rmlical leaves pinnately 5-".)-foliolate : leaflets ovate or rourdiah, thoseof the i;i';niy sessile cauhne leaves obovate or oblong, all deeply and usually doubly sii'. rate-toothed and often incised: branches of the cyme elongated and ratlar loosely-flowered; sepals ovate, acute, as long as the broadly oval yellow petals. Eastern Washin":t.on and Brit. Columbia to South Dakota iind New Mexico. P. Wrangelliana Fish. & All. Anim. Bot. Ind. Sem. Stems erect, 1-2 feet high, glandular-pubescent : leaves pinnately 5-9-foliolate; leaflets oviitc or rhombic-ovate, coarsely and doubly serrate: cyme dichotomously branched, with a short-pedicelled flower in the forks, lax, leafy-bractcil'; sepals oval, abruptly contracted into a small almost mucronate point; petals pale yellow, obovoid, scarcely equalling the calyx ; stamens 25, in one row on the margin of the thickened disk. Valleys of the coast raiisii', Washington to California. P. reflexa Greene Pitt, iii, 19. Stems erect or spreading, 1-2 feet high, rather slender; minutely villous-hiraute throughout and somewhat glandular : radical leaves 3-6 inches long, 5-9-foliolate ; stipules entiii'; leaflets orbicular to oblong, coarsely and doubly serrate, an inch lout,' ni less: cymes open -paniculate; pedicels slender, often elongated: sepals narrow'y triangular, acute, 3-4 lines long; the linear-lanceolate bractlets about half as long; petals obovate, 3-4 lines long, about equalling!; tlio sepals, yellow. Common on dry open hills and plains, Washington to California. - , P. rhomboldea Rydberg Bull. Torr. Club xxiii, 248. P. glanduhm var. Nevadcnsis Watson. Sparingly villous to nearly glabrous ; slightly if at all glandular: stems slender, 4-8 inches high, otten solitary: radical leaves, 6-7-foliolate, short petioled: stipules ovate, subentire; leaflets rhombic-ovate, mostly acute, serrate witn acute teeth, 4-8 lines long: cymes open, few-flowered pedicels stout and rather rigid ; calyx sparingly hairy, the oblong acute lobes 2-4 lines long ; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 1-2 lines long, petals yellow, 12 lines long obovate, tardily deciduous; stamens 15-25; styles nearly basal, filiform. On cliffs in the high mount' ins, Washington to California and Nevada. * '♦ Style terminal: disk not thickened; flowers small yellow, leaves pinnate or ternate. ■*- Annuals or biennials ; leaflets incisely serrate, not white tomen tose. P. Monspellensls L. Sp. 499. P. Norvegica L. Hirsute: stems stout. erect, 1-3 feet high, leafy, at length dichotomously branched above:! leaves trifoliolate, mostly short petioled ; stipules large, ovate, coarsely incised or entire; leaflets obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 inches long: cyme leafy and rather loose; calyx large, becoming 3-5 lines long, the bractlets nearly equalling or exceeding the sepals; petals obovate, often emarginate, not longer than the sepals; stamens 15-20, in 2 rows; reoep NTIT.LA. ROSA. ROSACEiE. 160 ong; piials ght yelliiw: ntaiiiB nciir jhing, l''>iy. etH uno(iii;il, narrow, ti'w- lUchainiilU'r, ;h excecilinj! ■ect, slenik'i', mit: riiilinil of the luMrly y doubly sir- id and ratliur y oval yi'll"\v I Dakota ami jma erect, 1-2 , leaflets dvutf IkrhotomoiiHly leafv-bractcd; ronate pn'mt; jtamens 2"), in le coast riinsie, ading, l-'i feet and somewhat itipules entire: inch lon« (u .gated: sepals olate brat'tlets equallint; the Washingtor. to P. gland ulm roue; slightly itary: radical intire; leaflets _ lines long; ,alyx sparingly ear-lanceolate, ly deciduous. in the liigli -8 mall yellow, white tomen e le : stems stout, anched above: ovate, coarsely -3 iniiLes long: lines long, the obovate, often 2 rows; recep- cililcuig-obovato by a more gradual attenuation of the base, 4-H lines long. On rocky ridjft's and canyons, Idaho to the Eastern folates and Canada. K. Hplthamaea Watson Bot. Cal. ii, 444. Stems slender, 2-12 inches liiyili, sparingly branched: stipules narrow, acuminate, glandular-ciliate: niiliis of the leaves glandular and more or less prickly ; TeafletH 5-)), ellip- th'iil or oblong, Huiooth, rather coarsely and doubly serrate, 0-18 lines lonj^ : Howers 12-I8line8 broad, in few .'lowered corvmbs, pedicels receptacle and calyx usually densely glandular-hispid ; sepals lanceolate, with or without a foliaceous werrate appendage, 6-10 lines long; petals broatlly obovate, H-12 lines long; fruit not seen. Common on wooded hillsides, southwest- ern Oregon and northern California. K. pisocarpa Gray Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 382. Stems slender, armed with straight, stout or slender, ascending or spreading spines, sometimes naked, not prickly : leaflets 5-9, oblong to oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate to obtuse, rounded or subcuneate at base, sessile or nearly so, smooth above, paler and pubescent beneath, simply toothed, 4-12 lines long: Howers small, corymbose or often solitary, on short branches; t)edicel8 slender, smooth or rarely sparingly hispid: sepals more or less glandular- hisjtid, triangular acnmmate, with entire lanceolate appendages ; p tals (ibcordate, (^-» lines long: fruit globose, 3-6 lines in diameter, contracted above to a very short neck. Common in low places, Brit. Columbia to Oregon. R. Callfoinlca Cham. & Schlecht. Linnsea ii, 35. Stems often tall, with usually stout more or less recurved or sometimes straight spines, frequently scattered or wanting, often prickly : stipules mostly narrow, usually naked, sometimes glandular-ciliate : rachis of the l»>aves pubescent or prickly; leaflets 3-7, round or broadly elliptical to oblong-ovate, usually Hesfile, slightly pubescent or glabrous above, villous or tomentose be- ■leadi, simply toothed, 6-18 lines long: flowers corymbose or sometimes solitary, on slender usually short and naked pedicels; sepals and receptp- cle glabrous or villous or rarely hispid ; petals {Ml lines long : fruit ovate- globose, with a usually prominent neck, about H lines long by 4 broad. Brit. Columbia to California. R. Fendlerl Crepin Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xv, 452. Stems often tall, with mostly rather slender straight or recurved spines, often scattered or wanting: stipules mostly narrow, usually naked; rachi.-^ pubescent or prickly; leaflets 5-9, oblong or oblong-obovate, more or less cuneate at base often petiolulate, usually glaucous, very finely pubescent beneath or glabrous or somewhat resinous, serrate with usual y simple teeth, 6-18 lines long: flowers small, often solitary; the short pedicels receptacle and sepals glabrous ; sepals lanceolate, with linear-lanceolate entire ap- {)endages: fruit globose or broadly ovate, with little or no neck. From the Columbia river to New Mexico and Texas, and north to beyond the British boundary. * * Styles few, distinct, deciduous with the entire calyx irom the very contracted top of the neck of the receptacle : sepals short and entire. R. gymnocarpa Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 4(U. Stems slender and rather weak, 2-10 feet high, with straight slender infrastipular and scattered spines and more or less prickly; stipules usually narrow, glandular cili- ate: rachis prickly and more or less glandular; leaflets 5-9, usually 7, from round elliptical and obtuse to narrowly oblong and acute, glab ous, rarely somewhat tomentose or resinous, doubly glandular-serrate, sessile or nearly so, usually small, 4-12 lines long : flowers in 1-few-flowered corymbs, on hispid or sometimes glabrous pedicels ; sej)als usually 3-4 lines long, lanceolate, the outer ones often glandular-ciliate all aristate and usually smooth; petals broadly obcordate, 6-8 lines long: fruit smouth ; oblong-obovate to globose, few-seeded, (^ommon in forests and wooded districts, Brit. Columbia to California and Montana. 170 I ROSACEi*: * • * Naturalized Hpt'cies. Maiit. 5<{4. (hwkkt iirirk). ROB A. 8AN(IUlflOKIIA. K. ROHiGiNOfA L. Maiit. M4. (hwkkt iirirk). SteniB stout, unmii with stout, recurved Hpines, without prickioH, 4-'.te: HowerH Hinall,on short hispid pedicelw ; hc- {)alH pinnatitld, hispid: fruit large, Hubglobose to oblong uvutu, 6-S ijufH ong. Becoming common throughout western Washington and Oregnu. Tribe II. Sanguisorbeie Jubh. Calyx-tnbe vioatly indumlcil and contracted at the mouth; the segments rnlvate or rarely imhri- cate in the btuL Petals often wanting. Stamens 1-15, nurlji more. Carpels 1-2, rarely 3-4, dry: style terminal or latn-ul. stigma often plumose. Seed suspended very rarely ascendimj. Radicle superior. 2 SANGUISOUBA L. Gen. n. Hfi. Herbs witli pinnate leuves potiolulate loaHets adnate sti))iil(s and polyganiouH or perfect tlowcrs in dense long-peduncltil spikes. Calyx-tulie turbinate, contracted at the throat, persist- ent, 2-'i braeteohite, the limb 4-partcd, petaloid, decidiKHb Petals none. Stamens 4-12 or nune. Carpels 1-.";, free from tlit calyx ; styles terminal ; stigma tufted, ovule solitary, suspen(l(Ml, Achenes dry included in the indurated 4-\vinged calyx-tube. S. offlelnalis L. Hp. 169. Htein simple, usually glabrous, 1-2 feet lii)i:li, much longer than the leaves, from a stout perennial root: leaflets al)(mt4 ovate-lanceolate, often acute, 1 line long; stamens out little if any longer than the sepals: filaments filiform: fruit a line long. Common in cold mountain marshes, Alaska to California and the Rocky Mountains. Also Europe. S. media L. Sp. ed. 2, 169. ■ Htems slender, simple, but little longer than the leaves, glabrous, 1-3 feet high, from a stout perennial root : leaf- lets elliptical to ovate or oblong, cordate with a deep narrow sinus, coarsely serrate with rounded gland ular-apiculate teeth, 1-3 inches long, on stout petioles 1-2 inches long, the lowest ones smallest: flowers dark purple, m a dense oblong head ; stamens longer than the sepals ; filaments nut. In marshes, Alaska and Brit. Columbia, perhaps northern Washington. 8. Sitchensis C. A. Meyer Trautv. & Meyer Fl. Ochot. 34. intern stout, 2-4 feet high, from a stout perennial root, paniculately branched above: leaves ample, 1-3 feet long; leaflets 13-21, oblong to ovate, 1-3 inches long, coarsely and often doubly serrate with acute gland-tipped teeth, on pedicels 6-12 lines long: flowers white or slightly tinged with fmrple, in a dense cylindrical spike 2-6 inches long; stamens 3-4 times' onger than the sepals, filaments flat. In salt-marshes along the coast and islands of Alaska, to be looked for in northern Washington. 8* annua Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i. 429. Poterium annuum Nutt. Glabrous; stems islender, branching, 6-15 inches high from an annual root : leaflets | 3-6 pairs, ovate to oblong, deeply pectinate-pinnatifid, 4-8 lines long, ses- sile or nearly so : flowers perfect, greenish-white, in dense ovoid or oblong I heads 3-12 lines long; bracts scarious, ovate, a line long, persistent; sta- mens 2-4, much shorter than the calyx, fruit shorter than the bracts. In dry open places, Washington to California, Indian Ter> and the upper Missouri vallev. u: AnRIMONIA. ALCHBMILLA. KO.SACK/E. 171 ,out, uniuM ,ipuie» oiti'ii oUH bi'iicuth itO, ^^ 'illl'!* id Ori'goii, lot. 34. t^tem itely branched to ovate, 1-0 ,e gland-tipped ;ly tinged with jens 3-4 times' ong the coast | ■ton. :J AGUIMONIA Tourn. Inst. t. 156. (AdKiMow.) Tiill pcroniiial lierbn with oddpimnite leaves and long slender teiininiil racemes of small yellow Howers. Calyx-tube turhin- iitc. persistent, somewhat eontraeted at tlu; throat and siirround- t'd l)y a dense border of hooked prickles, (»r rarely o-bracteolate the limb r)-lobe;e, Hcmicordate, incised: calyx 2 lines long, becoming 3-4 lines long, tlie tulie at length 10-Hulcate above: petals longer than the Iiil)es of the calyx: achenes solitary, Hubglobose, 1 line in diameter. VVashington to Ciilit'ornia and across the contiiient. Kurope. 4 ALCIIKMILLA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 165. Low herbs with palmately lobed or compound leaves, adnate stiptdcs and small Howers in axillary corymbs. Calyx-tube ob- conic, contracted at the throat by an annular disk, the limb 4-")- [)arte(l, with as many bractlets. Petals in ours none. Stamens 1-4 ; filaments short. Cari)els 1-4, stipitate or sessile in the bot- tom of the calyx-tube; style attached near the base of the ovary, tililorm ; stigma mostly capitate. Seed fixed near the base of the carpel, ascending, almost orthotropous. Radicle su])erior. A. arveiisis '^cop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2, i, 115. Annual; somewhat strigose- pulK'scent: stems weak, S-H inches long, diffusely branched from the base : leaves rounded, cuneate at base, on snort pjetioles, 2-6 lines long by 2-4 i)road, deeply 3-lobed, segments 2-4 cleft; stipules large, 2-5 cleft; flowers fascicled in the axils of the leaves, }4 of a line long, on slender pedicels or nearly sessile : bractlets very small : stamens 1-2 : achene solitary, com- pressed. Common in meadows and open places, Vancouver Island to Oalilornia: Euroi)e. Tribe 3. Dryadex Vent. Tahl. Hi, 8^9. Calyx campanulate or turbinate, or rather flat, valvate in the bud; stamens numerous: carpels numerous, rarely few and definite, dry; ovule erect: radicle inferior. 5 KUNZIA Spreng. Anleit. ed. 2, ii, 869. ; ' PURSHIA DC. not Raf.nor Spreng, Diffusely branched shrubs with mostly fascicled leaves, small triangular stipules and subsessile yellow flowers at the ends of short lateral leafy branchlets. Calyx persistent, funnel-form. 5- lobed, without bractlets. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens about •25, in one row, inserted with the petals into the thro it of the calyx. Carpels 1 or 2, free, slightly stipitate attenuate into the subulate style, 1-ovuled; stigma lateral, extending nearly the whole length of the style. Seed obovate, with membranaceous testa, separated from the inner coat by a layer of purple resin- like intensely bitter granulated matter; albumen none. Cotyle- dons broadly oval, flat. : Vt If!'- 172 ROSACEA. KUNZIA. CERCOCARPOS. K. tridentata Spreng. 1. c. Pnrshia tridentnta DC. A shrub or small tree 2-10 feet high, vith brown or grayish bark, the young branches and branchlets pubescent : stipules connate at base, setaceous ; leaves cunc ute- obovate, 3-12 lines long, IJ-lobed at the apex, attenuate at base to a tliick petiole, white-tomentose beneath, green above: flowers nearly sessile; calyx 2-4 lines long, densely canescent-tomentose, with or without some glandular hairs below, the oblong obtuse lobes shorter than the tube; {»etals spatulate-obovate, unguiculate, ;^-5 lines long, exceeding the calyx- obes : carpels oblong, densely pubescent, striate, attenuate at each end, 4-6 lines long, exserted. Common on rocky hillsides and gravelly or sandy plains, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. 6 CERCOCARPUS II. B. K. Nov. Gen. vi, 223 t. 556. Small trees or shrubs with alternate leaves, small wholly ad- nate stipules and axillary or terminal inflorescence. Tube of the calyx cylindrical, long and pedicel-like, more or less persis- tent, the limb short, campanulate, 5-lobed, without bract kts. deciduous. Petals none. Stamens 15-25, inserted in 2-3 rows on the limb of the calyx; filaments short; anthers oval cr rounded deeply emarginate or cleft at each end. Ovary solitary, free, with a single erect ovule : style terminal, villous : stigma capitate. Carpel linear-oblong, caudate with the long persistent plumose style which is more or less enclosed in the slender per- sistent tube of the calyx. Seed with a membranous testa and no albumen. Cotyledons long and linear. * Leaves persistent, small, entire, thick-coriaceous with revolute margins, 1-nerved. C. ledifollus Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 427. A small tree or shrub 6-15 feet high with moderately straight rigid branches : leaves lanceolate or oblong, acute, glandular apiculate, dark green and usually glabrous above, tomen- tose beneath, attenuate below to a thick petiole, 6-18 lines long, mid- nerve prominent: flowers sessile, 3 lines in diameter, tomentose; limbnf the calyx 2 lines long, the oblong-obtuse lobes longer than the throat. tube becoming 3-5 lines long: tails of the achenes at length 2-3 incliei! long. In mountainous districts, eastern Oregon to California and tlie Rocky Mountains. C. iiitrleatus Watson Proc. Am. Acad, x, 346. A rigidly and intri- cately much branched shrub, 1-6 feet high with ashy-gray bark : leaves lanceolate or apparently linear by the involution of the margins, silky- pubescent both sides or glabrate above, acute, apiculate, sessile, 5-10 line." long : flowers sessile; tomentose ; limb of the calyx 2 lines in diameter, 1-2 lines long, the- short triangular lobes not half as long as the throat, the f)erHistent tube becoming 2 lines long: tails of the achenes 1-2 inclie? i ong. On dry hillsides along streams, John Day valley eastern Oregon to | Nevada and California. * * L'javes deciduous, rather large, the margins not involute, pin- nately veined. C. betulaefollas Hook. 1. c. t. 322. C.parvifolius of recent authon iwt\ Nntt. A shrub or small tree 2-15 feet high with gray thin flaky bark and long slender spreading or recurved branches: leaves ol,ovate or oblong, with cuneate base, obtuse, coarsely serrate above the middle, green but finely pubescent above, densely white tomentose beneath, 1-2 inches long on short petioles, conspicuously veined : flowers on rather slender pedicels, I tomentose, limb of the calyx 3-4 lines in diameter, the triangular obtusej lobes about equalling the throat; the tube becoming 4-6 lines long, ol)-l ZIA. !ABPOS. lb or small anches and ea cuntate- e to a thick ,rly sessile; ithout some in the tube; g the calyx- at each end, jlly or sandy POTENTILLA. ROSACE.E. 177 i56. wholly atl- 5. Tube of less persi?- t bract U'ts, in 2-3 rows ers oval uv ary solitary, .ous : stigma ig pertistent slender per- testa and no with revolute ihrub 6-15 feet »late or oblong, J above, tomen- |nea long, mid- jntose ; limb ni ,an the throat, kgth 2-3 inches fornia andtlie Idly and intri- |y bark : leave? Imargins, silky- Issile, 5-10 line? V diameter, 1-'- [thetliroat.the lefi 1-2 iiidu'i' stern Oregon to | ivolute, pin- [cent author nd flakv bark and J,-ate or oblong, fiddle, green but 1 1-2 inches long Mender pedicels, Viangular obtuse lines long,oi> tacle large, oblong. In damp places, Puget Sound to Alaska, Labrador and the Atlantic tStates. P. rivalis Nutt. 1. c. 4.37. vSoft-villous with spreading hairs : diffusely branched from the base, or erect and branched above, 4-18 inches high: radical leaves 5-foliolate, or 3-foliolato and the terminal leaflet 3-parted; the upper ones 3-foliohvte; stipules lanceolate to ovate, entire or tootlied; leaflets ovate to oblong-cuneate, 6-18 lines long, more or less incised-ser- rate : cymes loose, leafy ; pedicels slender; bractlets and sepals nearly equal, acute, 2-;> lines long; petals small; stamens 10-20; achenes usually smooth. In moist places along streams, Oregon and Washington to the Missouri river. P. iiilllegrana Engelm. Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Hamb. 1849. P. rivalis var millegrana WaUon. Pubescent throughout with minute soft appri'ssed hairs : stems 6-18 inches long, spreading, profusely branched with divergent branches: leaves all S-IoUolate; stipules large, often nearly free, lanceolate to obovate, acutely 3-lobed, the lower ones often coarsely iierratt!; leaflets cuneate-obovate to oblanceolate, coarsely serrate with blunt teeth, 1-2 inches long: cymes very leafy, repeatedly dichotomous with ii slender pedicelled flower in the forks; lobes of the calyx triangular, acute 2 lines long; the lanceolate bractlets nearly as long; petals obovate about 1 line long : achenes smooth, nearly white. On sandy bars along streams, Brit. Columbia to California and 111. P. I'lteriflora Rydbergl. c. 261. Soft pubescent with spreading hairs: stems often several from the root 4-20 inches high, terete, finely and rather densely glandular-pubescent, often tinged with red oi purple, simple or sparingly branched with erect branches: leaves all 3-foliolate, the U>wer on petioles 1-4 inches long; stipules small, ovate or oblong, entire I or toothed ; leaflets broadly obovate, coarsely crenate, 1-2 inches long by ()-18 lines broad ; flowers small, about 3 lines in diametar, on pedicels 2-7 lines long, from tlie axils of upper leaves, making the branches resemble leafy racemes: calyx glandular -pubescent in fvuit, about 3 lines in diameter; [bractlets ovate-lancecjlate or oblong, acute, a little shorter than the ovate; [acute sepals: petals yellow, obovate-cuneate, sometimes sliglitly emargin- late, shorter than the sepals; stamens about 10; carpels very numerous ; [Style tei cninal, thickened and glandular at base : achenes smooth, whitish. In moist places and along streams, Brit. Columbia to California, Montana and Arizona. 2. Styles filiform, not glandular at base : inflorescence fymuse. * Style terminal ; carpels glabrous : disk not thickened : stamens 20-25: herbaceous perennials. ^- Leaves pinnate; carpels usually 10-30: bractlets shorter than the sepals. I P. Dranimondil Lehm. Nov. 8tirp. Pug. ii, 9. Stems cespitose, 1-2 et high, finely appressed-pubescent, simple; leaves pinnate with 2-5 airs of leaflets, the lower long-petioled ; stipules lanceolate, entire; leaf- ^ts obovate to oblong, cuneate at 'lase, 6-18 lines long, incisely 8-10 lobed; owers somewhat panicled at the summit of the stem, on long slender fedicles; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 2 lines long, nearly equalling the kuminate-ovate, acute calyx-lobes ; calyx hirsute ; petals oblong-obovate fth broad rounded, or almost truncate apex, 6 lines long : achenes smooth , own. In mountain meadows at high elevations, Brit. Columbia to Cali- nia and the Rocky Mountains. Newberryl Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vi, 532. Ivesia gracilis T.&G. kc. jR. Rep m, ^. Canescently villous with spreading hairs : stems ider, from an apparently annual or biennial root, 6-8 inches long; 178 ROSA.CE^:. POTKNTILI.A. leaflets 5-10 pairs, scattered on the slender rachis, 3-5-parted with obloni; segments, 2-4 lines long: flowers on slender pedicels in & very diffuse f)anicle; calyx nearly 2 lines long, broadly campannlate; bractlets lance) ate, nearly equalling the lanceolate acuminate calyx-lobes; petals white, vjry broadly obovate, 2 lines long, nearly as broad, exceeding the calyx ; stamens 15-20; carpels numerous; achenes rugose. On sandy plums, Washington, at Wallula, to California. •t- ■*- Leaves digitately 5-7-foliolate. P. gracilis Dougl. Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 2984. Villous and more or loss tomentose: stems erect, 2-3 feet high : stipules ovate or lanceolate, often long acuminate, entire or sub incised : leaflets mostly 5-7, rarely 3, ciiiie- ate-oblong, obtuse, incisely serrate orpinnatifld, white-t.jmentose beneath, green and subvillous or appressed-silky above, 1-3 inches long : flowers in a loose subfastigiate cyme, the pedicles at length elongated and slender; bractlets narrow, lanceolate, shorter than the broad acute or lanceolate sepals; petals broadlv obcnrdate, 3-4 lines long, exceeding the calyx ; achenes very numerous, oblong, dark brown. Common on dry praries and plains, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. P. flabelliforinisLehm. I. c. 12. Appre^sed-silky and more or legs white tomentose: stems rather stout, 2-4 feet high, erect, branched above; leaves 5-9-foliolate, the lower long-petiolate; the upper sessile or nearly so; stipules linear-lanceolate, long-aciuninate, mostly 3-toothed, 1-2 inches long ; leaflets linear-oblong in outline, 2-4 inches long, deeply pinnatitid with linear-lanceolate segments, white-tomentose beneatli, greea and more or less silky above : flowers in ample flat-topped cymes: bractlets lanceo- late, 2-3 lines Ion/, about half as long as the broad triangular-ovate acute sepals; petals bright yellow, orbicular or broadly obovate, but little ex- ceeding the sepals, i'lains of Eastern Oregon and Washington to the Saskatchawan. -•-■«-+- Low, arctic or alpine species : densely villous or subglabroua : leaves ternate: flowers few, in a loose cyme, or solitary: the obcordate petals exceeding the calyx : carpels 10-40. P. villosa Pall. Pursh Fl. 353. Densely white-tomentose : stems 6-12 inches high : stipules large, oblong, acuminate ; leaflets cuneate-obovate, tt-15 lines long, sessile, coarsely incised-serrate : flowers few or solitary, very large : bractlets ovate, obtiise, shorter than the ovate, acute sepals; petals obcordate, 3-6 lines long, exceeding the sepals. On Mount Rainier Washington to Alaska. P. flabellifolia Hook. T. <$, G. Fl. i, 442. P. gelida American author* not Meyer. Nearly glabrous or with scanty minute villous pubescence: stems slender, erect or upveadiu'^, 6-10 inches long, 1-3-flowered : stipules oval or oblong, mostly e^fire : 'eaflets flabelliform, 6-9 lines long, rounded at the apex and incisely V-!?-i,oothed, entire at base, the middle leaflet shortly petiolulate: bractlets oblong, obtuse, 3 lines long, equalling the triangular, acute, sepals; petals broadly obovate, 4-6 lines long, brijjlit yellow carpals numerous. Wet banks and meadows of the highest mountains, Oregon to Alaska P. brevirolia Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 442. Minutely glandular-pubescent, the calyx very sparingly villous: stems decumbent or ascending, 2-3 inolie8| long: stipules ovate, entire; leaflets suborbicular, 2-3 lines long, 2--3-i(»l)e(l and crenately toothed, the middle one petiolulate : bractlets acute shorter I than the acute sepals : petals obovate, scarcely exceeding the calyx; .style j attached below the apex of the ovary. Alpine peaks of Oregon. * * Style attached below the middle of the ovary : carpels on short stipes: receptacle densely villous: disk not thickened : more or less woody perennials. P. leuvei laiu!e( revolt equal] f'eedin iniy:(;on §3 roiis, f port-ni flowerf V. a slender, «-l(», wi rate, ne like, sol to the E P.. Pa jointed r stijiules coarsely i smooth" a that! the equalling nearly aj ovoid, 1 Pen; 1)1 nate sti o<'ipit<'itf> and 5 al less ungi filaments subulate, Carpels f oal villoi terminal ' pended, I crowded ; , H» fuse J rather slen |ate-oblorig, Itrowded on Ipalniatifid, Tnuch HttiaJl bbcoidate, Oregon to C| H. 1. ISI. tenel aical leavl ;h obloi's; y diffuse ta lanoo) he calyx; [y plains, lore or lose )late, often ly 3, cumv 36 beneath, flowers in ,nd sleniler; r lanceolate f the calyx ; dry prarii's aina. aore or less iched above; or nearly so; 1-2 iuclies j'ly pinnatitid >ea and more ctleta lanceo- r-ovate acute \n\i little ex- [igton to the .bglabroua : e obcordate POTKNTILI.A. HOKKKLIA. ROgAOEiE. 179 le c . atems 6-1'^ leate-oboviite, .Iff or aolitary, acute aepals; :ount Rainier terican antUn 18 pubescence; ^ered : stipules , long, rounded middle leaflet equalling the ^3 long, brijjlit ff the higlu'st lular-pubescenl, [long, 2-3-lobed Jta acute shoriet [he calyx; style | Iregon. Irpels on fllx'ft ■ more or less r. froticosa L. Sp. 495. Shrubby, much branched, 1-4 feet Kigh- Itavt'S pinnately 5-7-foliolate; stipules acarious; leaHets crowded, oblong- lanceolate, 2-12 lines long, entire, usually whiter beneath and the margin: ri'volute: flowers on slender pedicels in loose cymes or solitary: bractlets oqiialiingthe acute sepals; petals yellow, orbicular, 2-() lines long, ex- cte'ling the calyx ; stamens 30; carpels 20. On high monntains, VVash- injrton to California and the Eastern Htates. § 3. Style filiform, attached to the middle f»f the ovary or belo-v the apex : pedtmcles axillary, 1-flowered : carpels glab- rous, short sti[)itate, the stipe and receptacle villous : herbaceous perennials with mostly creeping or decumbent stems and yellow Howers. 1*. aiiserlna T-. Pp. 495. Creeping; ascending stem none; stolons alender, rooting and proliferous : leaves pinnate ; stipules miiltitid ; leaflets l)-li>, with several minute pairs interposed, oblong sharply pinnatitid-ser- rate, nearly glabrous above, silvery-canescent beneath: pedicels scape- like, solitary, as long as the leaves. Borders of lakes and streams, Idaho to the Eastern states and far northward. P.'Paclllca. P. anserina vir.grandix Lehm. Spreading by slender jointed runners: ascending stems none: leaves pinnate, 10-30 inches long; stipules scarious; leaflets 11-35, with small ones interposed, oblong, coarsely and sharply serrate, densely white tomentose and silky beneath, smooth above, )^-2 inches long; peduncles scape-like, as long or longer than the leaves ; bractlets lanceolate, acute, giabrate, about 3 lines long, equalling the ol)long acute silky sepals; petals broadly ovate, H lines long, nearly as broad; style attached in the middle of the ovary: achenes ovoid, 1 line long. In salt marshes along the coast, Alaska to California. 12 HORKELIA Cham. & Schlecht. Linnsea ii 20. Perennial herbs with pinnate or pinnately parted leaves, ad- nate stipules and white or rose-color tlowers in crowded or sub- oapitiitf" cymes. Calyx-tube campanulate, with 5 erect lobes and 5 alternate bractlets. Petals 5, linear or spatulate, more or less unguiculate. Stamens 5 in one series or 10 in two series; filai\ients shorter than the calyx-lobes, triangular and petaloid or subulate, those alternate with the petals broadest and persistent. Carpels few to many, attached by their middle to the dry coni- cal villous receptacle : style filiform or thickened at base, nearly terminid : stigma oTituse. Achenes reni form-ovate. Seed sus- Ipended, with a thick and firm brownish testa. Leaflets not I crowded ; 8 to many-lobed or -toothed. * Style short, thickened at base. H. fnsca Lindl, Bot. Reg. xxiii, t. 1997. Viscous-pubescent; stem Irather slender, 2-3 feet high : radical leaves 12-19-foliolate, leaflets cune- late-oblong, pinnatitid and incised ; stipules deeply laciniat't . flowers [crowded on the branches of the compound many-flowered cyme: bracts Ipalniatifld, much shorter than the golmerules bractlets sliorter and nuch smaller than the triangular-lanceolate calyx-lobes; petals cuneiform- obcoidate, much longer than the calyx. In the mountains of eastern Jregon to California. H. tenella Rydberg Rev. Pot. //. fvsca var. tevella Waff on Bot. Cal. 181. Glandular-pubescent; stems slender, simple, 6-18 inches high: adical leaves pinnately U-19-foliolate ; stipules linear, the free portion 180 ROSACEAE. HORKBUA. I setaceous ; leaflets oblong-cuneiform, 6-8 lines long, deeply cut into 5-'.> linear-oblong or filiform segments; cauline lesaves similar, with nearly frco pinnatifid stipules and more simple leaflets wi-h linear segvuents: flowers crowded on tne branches of the almost capitate or at length open-panicu- late cyme; bractlets linear, shorter and much smaller than the triangular acuminate calyx lobes; petals white or pinkish, caneate-obovate, attenu- ate to a slender claw, 3 lines long, longer than the sepals; filaments broadly oblong: achenes oblique-ovoid. In high mountain valleys, Washington to California. H. pseudocapltata Rydberg 1. c. Sparingly pilose and more or less glandular: stems rather slender, 6-14 inches high : leaves 2-6 inches loii^'. 9-15-foliolate; stipules linear or the upi ' ones t)roadly subulate; leaflets broadly obovate with cuneate base to narrowly cuneate. 3-8 lines long, more or less deeply incised and toothed vi ^ obtuse to acute teeth ; flowere in small subcapitate cymes; bvactlet lir .r, a line long, about half as long as the broadly subulate calyx-lob si; petals oblong, attenuate below to a short claw, retuse at the apex, about 3 lines long, but little exceeding the calyx, filaments triangular, obtuse. In moist meadows :ind alon;; streams, southern base of the Blue Mountains in Oregon. H. vapitata Lindl. Bot. Reg. under t. 199'.'. Somewhat glabrous: stems viscous-pubescent toward the summit: radical leaves about 13-folio- late ; stipules entire or 3-parted ; leaflets laeiniate-incised, the lower ones roundish-cuneiform, the upi)er oblong and attenuate at base: heads of flowers dense, shorter than the laciniate bracts; bractlets lanceolate-subu- late, about as long as the calyx-lobes: peta.l8 broadly cuneiform, longer than the calyx. Cascade Mountains of Oregon. H. Henderson! Howeli P. C. PI. Col. 887. Densely silky-pubescent; not glandular : stems densely tufted, 4-6 inches high : simple: stipules se- taceous, or those of the cauline leaves lanceolate: leaves very numerous at the ends of the much branched caudex : leaflets 11-17, mostly crowdetl, broadly cuneate and palmately 3-5-lobed, or the lowest ones often obovate and entire, 1-3 lines long, flowers rather few, in compact terminal cymes, bractlets linear, nearly equalUng the subulate calyx-lobes; petals nar- rowly lanceolate, about equalling the calyx ; filaments broad-subnlate. half as long as the sepals : achenes not neen. On top of Ashland Butte, Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon. First collected by L. F. Henderson, July 1886. H. parvifiora Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 4.S5. Tomentose ; upper part of the stem viscidly villous : radical leaves 9-13-foliolate ; stipules ovate-lanceo- late, small, entire or toothed; leaflets short, roundish, the upper ones cuneiform, incised; flowers small, much crowded on the branches of the fastigiate cyme ; bi x arly irce ; flowors i-panicu- •iangulur I, attenii- dlameiits valleys, re or lesa ^hes lon'^. 3; leaflets [\ne» Ions, li; flowfre ut half H9 .ate below- exceeding ;vnd along I glabrous-, aut l3-f»Ho- . lower ones 56 : heads ol eolate-Bubu- torm, lont^er r-pubescent; tipules se- tt nmerous y crowded, ten obovate inal cymes, , petals nar- »ad-8ubulate. and ButU", ierson, Jvdy nORKFMA. IVK8IA. ROSACEA?.. 181 ;r pan of the ovate-lancco- ,e upper ones inches of tlie narrowly tn- the calyx. ^8 much di- jtewith lon^ |er, erect, t)-2" a hirsute be- ftulate, or Ibe L sparingly to tculate cymes; [minate calyx- founded at the \hort, trian^u- dry prairiea, H. caruifolla Kydberg 1. c. Hirsute with long white hairs and more or less (jlandular: stems ascending, 6-20 inches long: stipules cut into many filiform segments; radical leaves 4-<> inches long, 13-21-foliolate; leaflets broadly cuneiform, 8-6 lines long, deeply cut into 5-9 linear lobes: flowers rather large, in close paniculate cymes : bractlets linear -lanceolate, a little shorter than the acuminate-triangular calyx-lobes : petals suborbic- ular or broadly obovate attenuate below to a claw; filaments delt(*id, a line broad at base : achenes very smooth ovoid, fully a line long. In clayey .^oil southwestern Oregon. H, serlcata Watson Proc. Am. A.-'ad. xx, 364. White-silky through- out, not at all glandular: stems slender, flexuous, 6-12 inches high: leaves densely white-silky, the numerous leaflets crowded, 2-.'l lines long, oblong or obovate, unequally bifid: cymes open and few-flowered; bract- lets linear, nearly equalling the narrow 'y lanceolate acuminate calyx-lobes; petals narrowly obcordate, white or ti'iged with pink : filaments short-subu- late : carpels 5. On barren slopes of the Coast Mountains near the Oregon and California boundary. H. Howellll Rydberg 1. c. rotentUla IloweUn Greene PitU i, 104. Pu- bescent with white spreading hairs: stems slender, ascending, 10-20 inches long: paniculately branched above: leaves narrow, on short almost filiform petioles ; leaflets 21-31 ,2-3 lines long, broadly cuneiform and deeply 2-3-lobed, or narrow and entire: flowers in crowded few-flowered cymes ; bractletg lanceolate, nearly as long as the lanceolate-acuminate calyx-lobes ; petals spatulate, obtuse, 2' lines long : filaments oblong, abruptly acumi- nate. On barren plains, southwestern Oregon. H. tridentata Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 84, t. 6. More or less villous with mostly appressed hairs : stems erect from a decumbent base, 10-20 inches high: r ad 1?». leaves 5-9-foliolate; leaflets cuneate-obovate to nar- rowly oblong, usually 3-toothed at the apex, 3-6 lines long : flowers on slenaer pedicles, in an open paniculate cyme; bfactlets linear, shorter than the lanceolate acuminate lobes of the more or less scarious calyx; petals linear to broadly spatulate, but little longer than the calyx : filamenta subulate. On dry hillsides. Southwestern Oregon to California. 13 IVESIA T. & G. Bot. Wilkes 288. Low herbs with pinnate leaves, numerous small palmatelj' or pedately lobed, often crowded and closely imbricate leaflets and white purple or yellow flowers in cymes. Calyx campanulate or oyathiform at base, 5-lobed with 5 alternate bractlets. Stamens definite, 5, 10, 15, or 20; filaments slender, narrowly subulate or filiform. Carpels few or solitary, upon a small villous recepta- cle; style filiform, subterminal. I. Balleyi Watson Bot. King 90. Viscidly glandular and villoao ; stems several, 3-6 inches long, from a thick perennial branching; canri ^^ slender, branching above, exceeding the leaves; leaflets 7-21, uroadly ovate or flabelliform, 2-3 lines long, 3-7toothed: or parted; stipules ovate, entire or 2-3 toothed: flowers on slender pedicels, in a loose open cyme; calyx concave or broadly turbinate, the ovate-triangular acute lobes bat little longer than the oblong obtuse bractlets; petals yellow or white, spatulate- oblong, not longer than the calyx ; stamens 5; carpels 1-6. On cliffs in the mountains of Southeastern Oregon to Nevada and California. I. Plckerlngil Torr. Bot. Wilkes 288 t. 4. Densely villous with white j silky hairs: stems 8-10 inches high: leaflets very numerous, at first closely limbricatod, 2-6-lobf;d or parted or often entire, 1-4 lines long; stems Ipanicled above; eyries densely many- flowered ; calyx 2 lines long or less; loraetlets linear; petals yellowish, spatulate, equalling the calyx; stamens ""; carpels 4-6. On the Klamath river and southward. ■S'l t 182 ROSACE.E. KUBDB. I. aHjilPOla Rydberg 1. t. Viscid-pubeHcent : throughout: stems 1^-8 inches high, sevi'Vttl from u thick rceiiioui^ caudex, exceeding the leave s ; leaflets 21-41, 2-3-iine8 loiiKi 5J-5-i)arted int» cuneate-oblong or linear-oh- long, obtuse, entire lobes the single caulint leaf similar, with ovate-lanic- olate, entire stipules: cyme capitate, many-flowered; calyx somewlmt scarious, campanulate, 2 lines long; bractlet-s linear, obtuse, % as Ion},' as the lanceolate acute calyx-lobea ; petals obiong to spatulate, shorter tliun the calyx; stamens 5; carpels 1-3; receptacle densely long-wooly. On Mount Adams Washington at f 000-6000 feet elevrition. Tribe J,. Evhese, B. & H. Gen. i, 616. Calyx flattish, 5- parted, mostly imhricaie in the bud: ntamens numerous; curprh numerous, or rarely few, drupaceous, ciowded on the conical recep tacle: ovules 2 colateral: style terminal or nearly so: seed .sws pended: radical superior. 14 RUBUS Ttmrn. L. Gen. n. 632. Shrubs or somewhat woody, erect oi- trailing riften prickly plants or lit rbs with simple or pinnately ;')-7-foliol!ite leaves, iid- nate stipi'les and white or purple Howers in panicle'^ or corymhc or solitary. Calyx 5-lo))ed, persistent, wiihout bractlets, iiilic short anrown and shreddy: leaves round-cordate in outlini palmately 3-5-lobed, the lobes acuminate, unequally serrate, 4-12 inclu- long, t.omentose on one or both sides, the veins beneath and the petioles and peduncJes usually hispid with gland-tipped haira; petioles stout, often with a Biunll leaflet near the summit; sdpules linear, acuminate, the iipptf half free, >',iliate: peduncl«^o terminal, few-flowered calyx-lobes oblong- ovate, 4-6 linos long with linear appendages nearly as long, more or lesc tomentose; petals broadly ovate to elLptical, 6-10 lines long: carpels very numerous, tomentose; fruit red, large, hemispherical, sweet and pleasant- flavored. Common in forests »nd wooded districts, Alaska to California and East to Lake Superior. I * * Leaves trifoliolate, sometimes simple on the flowering branches, rarely 5-foliolate: stems more or less prickly. R. speetabilis Pursh. Fl. 348 t. 16. Stems perennial, shrubby and branching, 6-12 feet high, with yellowish shreddy bark, copiously armed when young with straight stout prickles : leaves usually trifoliolate ; leaf- lets ovate, acute or acuminate, doubly incised-serrate, often 2-3-lobed, the veins beneath and the petioles sparingly villous-pubescent and prickly; flowers mostly solitary, large and showy ; calyx-lobes pubescent, broadly ovate, acuminate, 4-6 lines long; petals red, ovate to elliptical, acute, (i-H lines long: fruit large, ovoid, red or yellow, the drupelets smooth and tipped with the slender subpersistent style : achenes deeply pitted. Com- mon along streams and moist places, Alaska to California. / DBDS. RVBt'S. ROSACEA. 183 attish, 5- ,cal reccp seed fit's- >n pricily leaves, nd- 31- foryniV-" ?,tlets, iuiif ;h /!ne.s Ibc I few, svitli drupelt'ts- Var, Nenzlesli Watson Bot. Ceil, i, 172. More or less densely tomentos and silky. Southern Oregon and southward. R. leacodermls Dougl. T. & G. Fl. i, 454. Stems soft-woody, biennial, erect, 3-8 feet high, glaucous, arraed with stout straight or '•erurved priokiee : leaves trifoliolate, rarely 5-foliolate ; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, doubly serrate, 1-2 inches long, white-tomentoHe be- neath, smooth alK)ve, the petioles and veins beneath prickly ; flowers in small terminal corymbose i-ymes; calyx-lobes lanceolate, long-acuniirate, cl()8t'ly reflexed, 3-4 lines long, longer than the spatulate petals : carpels tomontose , fruit dark purple when ripe, rather large, with a white hloom an«! agreeable flavor: achenes minutely pitted. Common in rich moiHt woods, Alaska to California- R. strlgr^'S*'^ Michx. Fl. i, 2it7. Stems erect, suffruticose, biennial, eo ae wa long or more, persistent, the veins beneath and the petioles armed with recurved prickles; stipules a pair ol ovate acuminate laoerate-serrate It-nf- lets, contracted at base, situated on the petiole a line or more from the base: peduncles short, one to few-floweivd; flowers perfect; sepals nearly distinct, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-4 lines long, ciliate and mori' up less pul)escent : petals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the sepals; carjjels few, pubescent, those that mature becoming large red juiiy drupelets; iichenesflattish, a line lo .g, conspicuously pitted. In forests, Washington to Northern Crlifornia a: ' Idaho. R. ursinus Cham. & ►Schlecht. Lii, ■ ea ii, 11. 8tems slender, trail- ing, 5-20 feet long, armed with straight ra/ :"r slender prickles, Homewlnit glaucous: leaves deciduous, 3-foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate, often simple iiiid S-lobed on the flowering branches ; leaflets ovate to oblong coarsely aiul doubly serrate, more or less puliescent or tomentose, veins, petioles, jie- dundes and calyx more or less armed with prickles ; stipules oblanceoiate to linear, often long and toothed : flowers dioecious, in small cymes ternii- nating the numerous lateral branchlets or leafy peduncles; calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate acuminate or often foliaceously tippf'd, densely tomen- tose inside, glandular outside ; petals of the staminate flowers lanceolate to obovate, unguiculate, 6-8 lines long, much exceeding the calyx; of the pistilate smaller, but little if at all exceeding the oalyx; carpels numerous, glabrous : fruit oblong to ovoid, black, pleasa.it flavored : aoh* nes small, flattish, reticulated. Common in wooued districts, Alaska to Cali- fornia. Tribe 5. Spirreas Juss. Calyx campanulate, ivihricafe, or sometimes valvate in the hud: carpels 1-8, mostly 5, vertieillnte, follicular or 2-valved in fruit: style terminal: seeds 1-8 or 10 in each carpel, pendulous or ascending. 15 HOLODISCUS Maxim. Act. Hort. Petrop. vi. Shrubs with alternate simple leaves without, stipules and nu- merous flowers in loose panicles that terminate the short branch- lets. Flowers perfect, disk wholly coherent. Calyx deeply 5- cleft, persistent. Stamens numerous, perigynous. Carpels 5, op- posite the calyx-lobes, distinct, shortly stipitate, with two pendu- lous ovules, becoming woolly achenes. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. H. discolor Maxim Adn. Spir. 150. Spirsea discolor Pnrsh. A diffuse shrub 2-6 feet high with grayish-brown Dark and short rigid pubescent branches : leaves ovate, obtuse or acutish, cuneately narrowed at base to a winged petiole, pinnately lobed or toothed above the middle, 6-18 linea long, more or less silky-pubescent beneath, nearly smooth above: panicle small, 1-4 inches long; more or l^ss tomentose; calyx-lobes oblong, acute or acutish ; petals obovate, obtuse, barely a line long, exceeding the calyx, white, changing to tawny-white in age : achenes densely tomentose with long white hairs. Common on bluffs and rocky banks, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains, east of the Cascade range. H. ariffifolla. Spirsea arise/olia Smith. A rather large shrub 4-16 feet high, with slender spreading or recurved striate' branches: leaves ovate, often abruptly contracted below to a short more or less margined petiole, 1-4 inches long, pinnately lobed, the mostly obtuse lobes often sharply toothed, finely tomentose beneath, smooth above: panicles large and dif- fuse, 4-8 inches long, tomentose, white, changing to tawny; petals oblong, a line long, exceeding the ovate acute calyx-lobes; carpels pubescent with long white hairs. Common in forests, Puget Sound to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. B. BCU8. -2 iiicbi'9 naed with •rate l^-sif- irom the Ei\s neatly i mon T • than Die ) red jui>y In iore^=l!^, der, tniil- soniewhivt simple iiitil jarsely and letiolefl, pe- blanceolate rmea termi- calyx-lobea sely tomen- •8 lanceolate •alyx; of the 3 numerous, jj ; acbt lies aska to Call- FILIPENDCLA. NIBILLIA. BOSACE^. 185 16 FILIPENDULA Erndt. Virid. Warsaw, 43. Perennial herbs with pahnately lobed or pinnate, alternate leaves, foliaceous persistent stipules and numerous small flowers in terminal compound panicles or cymes. Flowers perfect, ca- lyx 5-cleft, sometimes only 3- or 4-cloft, piM'sistont. iJisk obso- lete. Petals 5, rarely fewer. Stamens in 2-3 r()ws on the calyx- tubi>. Carpels 0-10, distinct, often stipitate, with two pendulous ovules, becoming one-seeded achenes. Stigma capitate, usually lar^e. Seed small with thin membranous testa. I', occidentalls. Spirxa occidentalis Wataon. Stems simple, 2-6 feet higli, glabrous or nearly so: stipules broadly ovate, acute, huuniately tootlied, 4-6 lines long or more; leaves ample, 5-7 -lobed, the lobes acute or acuminate, doubly lacerate-toothed, apprcHsed-silky on tiie veins beneath, 3-6im'hea long; petioles stout, with I-o pairs of small ovate to linear-lance- olate toothed leaflets below the larj»e terminal one: inflorescence a com- pound cymose panicle, pubescent with short somewhat appreased hairs, calyx-lobes subulate, twice as long as the tube, smooth or nearly so, soon reflexed : petals white, elliptical, sessile, 2-3 lines long, carpels about 9, erect, narrowly lanceolate, long-stipitate, beaked by the elongated style, villous on the margins from the summit of the style to the base. Rocky banks of the Trask river, Tillamook county, Oregon. 17 NEILLIA Don. Prodr. Fl. Nep. 228. Shrubs with simple toothed or lobed alternate leaver, mem- branaceous deciduous stipules and rather large white flowers in simple terminal corymbs. Flowers perfect. Disk wholly co- herent to the tube of the calyx. Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Pet- als 5, rounded, sessile. Stamens numerous, perigynous. Carpels 1-5, distinct, often stipitate, becoming membranaceous, inflated pods. Ovules few to several, some ascending, some pendulous. Seeds with shining stony testa and distinct albumen. N. capita ta Greene Pitt, ii, 28. N. opnlifoHa var. molHa Brewer and Watson. A shrub 3-20 feet high with slender spreading or recurved 1 branches and ash-colored shreddy bark : stipules linear, 5-6 lines long, re- Imotely toothed, caducous; leaves roundish, often subcordate, 3-lobed, doubly serrate, 1-3 inches long on slender petioles, stellateiy soft-pubescent beneath, smooth or nearly so above: flower d on long I slender pedicels in simple hemispherical tomentose corymbs; biacts aU Iscarious; calyx-lobes triangular, apiculate, as long as the tube, shorter [than the orbicular petals pubescent on both sides: carpels 2-5, at length I4-6 lines long ,glabrou8, 2-4-seeded; seeds slenderly and obliquely pyriform, la line long. Common along streams and moist places. Brit. Columbia to ]California and the Rocky Mountains. N. Torreyi Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 136 A small shrub, barely I feet high, erect, scarcely surculoae, freelv branching : leaves of rather deltoid-ovate outline, incisely 3-lobed to the middle, the lobes nearly equal, the whole with slight secondary lobes, these crenately or iriciaely wthed, about 1 inch long: flowers few, in usually compound corymbs; «tals comparatively large, often rose-tinted ; carpels mostlv 2, coherent to Ibove the middle, but little longer than the calyx, divergent at apex, only |lightly inflated, minutely tomentose, 1-seeded: seeds obovoid In dry oils on rocky slopes at 8000-9000 feet elevation, Idaho to Nevada and the ^ocky Mountains. N. malracea Greene Pitt, ii, 30. "Shrubs 3-5 feet high, stout, the hoots erect: leaves digitately 6-veined, with or without 3 broad and 1 iV J86 ROSACEA. BPIRiBA. fhailow lobi'8 above the middle, the general outline orbicular or oval, a iti) many slight-rounded and crenately toothed H(?cr>ndary lobes: corymbs mojitly simple, short-Htalked: calyx tomentose, very large, broadly cam- panulute, its lobes in maturity connivent over the fruit: carpels 2 (sdiiie- times 3) not intllated, connate above the middle, compressed, erect and straight at apex, indehiscent, 1- or 2-eeeded : seeds large, oblong-obovato. Dry rocky banks, above the northern shore of Lake Pend d' Oreille in Northern Idaho. 18 SPIR^A Tourn. L. Gen. n. 630. Shrubs with simple iilternate loaves without stipules and white or rose-color perfect tiowers in compound corynibs or elongated panicles or spikes. Calyx S-cleft, persistent, the disk more or less free at the margin. Petals 5, rounded, nearly aes- sile, stamens numerous, perigynous, inserted with the petals in- to the disk. Carpels T), alternate with the calyx-lobes, distinct, sessile, becoming dry cartilaginous hetals: frocedp' glabrous; styte evations in tliej high, with red- reral yards in ex-l or less cU'iiselvl 6-12 lines broa(i,r iint'iiually serrate towarsi|(.| becoming cartilaginous several-seeded follicles. Seeds with n loose membranaceous testa and no albumen. A. TUlirariH Baf. Pj^lv. Tell. 152. Sphira Arunciis L. GlabrouH: 8tein8 Btout, • •■< feet high or more, branching : leaves hirge. lerniitfly decompound;, aflets thin, nparingly villous beneath, ovntc to laiiceoluti', acuminate, 2-5 inches long t»narply and laciniately doubly toothed, the terminal ones broadest: panicles large, compoun(f, pubescent; tiowcrsa line broad, nearly sessile; petals spatulate; tilaments twice as long hs tlie petals; styles short; carpels 3-5, several seeded, globose, the pedicels reflexed in fruir. Along streams in mountainous districts, Alaska to Cali- fornia and across the Continent. Order XXX SAXIFRAGACEJ5 Dumort. Anal. Fam. 31'.. Herbs with bland watery often astringent juice, alternate or opposite leaves without true stipules and mostly perfect flowers. Sepals 4-5, united or nearly distinctt, imbricate in the bud. Petals as many as sepals and alternate with them, rarely wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, rarely fewer, inserted into the throat of the calyx; anthers introrso, Ovary either free from the calyx or coherent with its tube, 1-3- celled with parietal placenteB : o^niles mostly numerous : styles distinct or more or less united. Fruit capsular, usually beaked with thiB distinct summits of the carpels, opening along the inuer suture of each, septicidal. Seeds anatropous, usually small and numerous. Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen: radical cylindrical : cotyledons short. *Ovary with 2 or rarely more cells and placentae in the axis, or of as many distinct carpels : fruit capsular or follicular. 1. Leptarrhena. Petals 6; stamens 5: carpels 2, distinct, free and ex- serted from the small calyx. 2. Feltiphyllmn. Petals deciduous : stamens 10, inserted at the union I of tbe ovary and calyx-tube : carpels distinct, adnate to the tube o( | the calyx : leaves peltate, radiately veined. S. Saxifraga. Petals deciduous: stamens 10, rarely more, ins^ertedl under the ovary : carpels 2, rarely 3, more or less united at base, free | from or adnate to the base of the calvx. 4. Saxifragopsls. Petals persistent, soon deflexed : stamens 10, insert- ed at the base of the calyx : carpels united at base, adnate to the lower I part of the calyx-tube : leaves palmately veined, the blade obscurely | articulated to tbe petiole. 5. Snllirantiai Petals persistent: stamens 5. inserted on the throat] of the calyx : carpels united at base, adnate to the tube of the calyx. 6. Boykinla. Petals deciduous . stamens 5 or 10, inserted on the calyx- tube at its union with the ovary : carpels united at base and adnate] to the calyx-tube. HUNCVH. I.KPTARRIIBNA SAXIFRAGACEiE. m ided l(;iv"K wvr» tniiii- ft, imirccH- Petals •). net, 8c>sik>, eds with a ;,. Glahroufl: rge, leruiitfly to lanccoliitt', tootlu'tl, tlic jnt; Howirrt a Ei8 long as the the pi'dicelfi klaBka to Call- Fam. 30. alternatn or >stly perfect licate in the them, rarely )etals, rarely era introrso. 18 tube, 1-3- |ero\i8 : styles ially beaked jngthe inner niy small and Ihy albumen: axis, or of as |t, free and ex- Id at the union I to the tube ol Itnore, inserted led at base, free | aena 10, insert- iite to the lower p)lade obscurely . on the throat I he of the calyx. Id on the calyx- lase and adnate '. HolAildi'll. PetaJH 6, linear, |)erHiHtent: HtameiiH 5, InHerted in tliu •liroaL of th(; calyx : carpels 2, united at baae freit from but included Ml the inflixLed calyx. '■'. H«-iiileva. Petals persistent: stamens 5, inscrti'd on the throat of ilut calyx : carpels united and wholly adnate to the tube of the calyx : liiiveH not (Kiltate * * Ovary 1-celled, with 2-3 parietal or l>afial placentec alternate with the styles or stigmas; tilamt'nts all antheriferouH. II. Ijeptuxis. Petals 4, filiform, entire, iHTsistent: stamens 2-3, in- si'ited in the throat of the calyx: capwuli' 2-valvtHl, atteiiuaVe below t(i a stipe, free from the calyx. 10. Tellima> Petals 6, deciduous, pectinatcly lobfd or parted ; stamens i)or 10, shorf, itisertud in the thruiit of the calyx: capsule 2-valved, HCHsile, adnate to the base of the intiateUameter, orbicular, 9-14-lobed and sharply serrate, on stout petioles, 2-4 feet high: scapes rather stout, at length equalling the leaves, striate, more or less hispid witli brownish hairs; flowers numerous, in rather large paniculate cymes ; t-alyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, 2 lines long, much longer than the shallow tube; petals round-oval to obovate, IM lines long, white t-r pinkish, tardily deciduous; filaments subulate with a broad flat base : mature follicles turgid, a-4 lines lon^, dehiscent to thit base. In mountoin streams, central Oregon to California. 3 SAXIFRAGA L. Gen. n. 559. Herbs with alternate simple leaves, their petioles commoiil) sheathing at base, and usually rather small flowers in one to many-flowered cymose thyrsoid or panicled clusters. Se|)jils 5, united at base or nearly distinct, valvate in the bud. Petals 5, inserted on the tube of the calyx, entire. Stamens 10, inserted with or below the petals on the base of the calyx, or between it and a fleshy disk: anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally, Carpels 2-beaked, rarely 3-6-beaked, as many-celled below, many-seeded, opening by a roundish hole between the diverging beaks. Seeds numerous, smooth or rugose, not winged, the. testa mostly thin and conformed to the nucleus. § 1 HiRcuLua Tausch Hort. Canal, i. Caudex perennial, leafy: leaves flat, mostly persistent, often bristly ciliate, the] margins not punctate nor cartilaginous: flowering stems annual, leafy : sepals united at the base, slightly coherent with the base] of the ovary : cilia of the leaves not articulated. S. bronchialis L. Pp. 572 Stems ascending, slender, producing! short branchlets: leaves somewhat coriaceous, narrowly lanceolate, aciimi-j nate-cuspidate, sessile with a broad base, finely ciliate, 2-:^ lir^es long,! crowded on the short branches: flowering stems 1-4 inches high ; floweral solitary or few in an open corymb, on slender pedicels; sepals lanceolat«,| sub-mucronate, spreading; petals obovate-oblong, white marked witbl orange spots; capsule opening only halfway down, there divergingall rieht angles. Alaska to Mt. Adams, Washington, and the Rocky Moud-| tains. SAXIPBAQA^ SAXIFRAGACEiE. 191 otstock large X leaves from t length 6-18 ate, on stout ng the leaves, numerous, iu 2 lines long, o obovate, IM nbulate with a jhiscent to the. Ix perennial, ciliate, the Ltems Jiunual, [with the base Ider, producing Iceolate, acum^ I2-3 lines long, Is high; flowers I Jpals lanceolate, 1^ marked witb Ire diverging M Rocky Moun- S. cherlerloldes D. Don Mono^r. Saxifr. 382. .S. hronchialis var. cherhrioides Enfjler. Ceapitose, with many creeping branches and short brani'hlets forming dense masses 6-18 inches in diameter: leaves spatu- iate, rounded or obtuse and cuspidate at the apex, finely ciliate, l-?'{ lines long, crowded on the short branchlets : flowering stems 2-4 inches long ; flawers white, in a loc^e open cyme on slender pedicels; sepals nearly dis- tinct, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, a line long; petals oblong-obovate, 3- nerved, thrice longer than the sepals; styles connivent iu flower. On rocky slopes along the Columbia river near the Cascade falls. S. trlcuspidata Ritz. Prodr. Fl. Scand. sd. 2, 104. Stems erect, thick, 2-3 inches high : leaves densely imbricated below, thick-coriaceous, 3- cuspidate, with cartilaginous points, the margins very slightly ciliate: flowers somewhat corymbose, on short stout pedicels; sepals ovate, some- what coriaceous ; pstals obovate-oblong, longer than the sepals : capsule ovoid, apiculate with the conical divergent styles. Arctic America: said to have been tound on Mount Hood. §2 Dactyloides Tausch 1. c. Caudex perennial, leafy: leaves persistent, the margins not punctate nor cartilaginous: flowering steins annual, somewhat leafy : sepals united at base aad coherent with the base of the ovary: cilia) of the leaves articulated. 8. caesultosa L Sp. 494 (?). Cespitose, the slender running stems and short branchlets forming dense tufts 6-16 inches in diameter: leaves pile or yellowish, thin, pubsscent, spatulate, 2-5-cleft or entire, the seg- ments usually obtuse, closely imbricate on the shore branchlets, persist- I eat, flowering stems slender, 2-H inches high, glandular, 1-5-flowered: calyx cleft to the middle, with oblong acute lobes; petals white, 3-5 lines long, oblong, 3-nerved, rounded above, twice as iong as the calyx : cap- Isiile open only at the top the slender beaks but slightly diverging. On I cliffs and rocky slopes, along the Columbia river near the Cascade falls. S. Tolmaei T. tfeG. Fl. i, 567. Cespitose with leafy running diffusely I branching stems, forming dense tufts 4-20 inches in diameter : leaves suc- culent, nearly terete when young, glabrous, sometimes sparingly ciliate I near the base, 4-6 lines long, cTavate, obtuse, closely imbricated on the slender branches, parsistent: flowering stems scape-like, 2-4inche' high, I j-t-tlowered; sepals ovate, 3-nerved, about 2 lines long; petals white, nar- rowly lanceolate, unguiculate, 3-nerved, longer than the sepals; capsule I large, 4-5 lines long, ovoid, united only at the base, the acute beaks di- Iverging, sometimes abnormally 3-4-celled. In sand along rivulets on the |hig,ie8t mountains near perpetual snow. Brit. Coluuibia to California. § 3 Hydatica Tausch. 1. c. Caudex perennial, commonly |subterranean ; stem-* or scapes annual; oalyx nearly free from the ovary; sepals almost distinct, reflexed; filaments more or [less dilated upward. • l^eaves all clustered at the crown of a ligneous more or- less creeping caudex 8 Ljalli Engler Index Orit. Saxifr. 8). Glabrous : caudex creeping and Sparingly branched: leaves obovate, attenuate below to a margined petiole, oarsely toothed at the summit. 6-12 lines long: stems erect, slender, 6-12 ncheg high, 6-10-flowered; calyx parted nearly or quite to the base, the bvate acute segments soon reflexed, 2 lines long; petals round -obovate, [iibunguiculate, 1-uerved, but little if any longer than the sepals ; fila- nents flat, broadest in the middle: capsule united only at the base, rarely l-^celled, the beaks erect. Along streams, northern Idaho to Brit, polumbia and the .-irctic Coast. I \. V m SA.XIFRAGA.OEyE. SAXIEKAGA. Var. laxa Engler 1. c. Leaves ovate, the whole margin dentate : paninle 10-12-flowered; pedicels long and slender. With the type. S. aestivalis Fisch. Ind. Sem. Petr ii, 37. S. punctata of Amerimn authorn not L. Glabrous or somewhat pubescent : caudex short, sliitjlitly creeping: leaves reniform to round-cordate, on long slender petioles, coarsely and almost equally many-toothed or somewhat incised, 1-2 indies in diameter : stems erect, 6-18 inches high, bearing many flowerc in a loose open panicle ; pedicels long and slender; calyx cleft to near the base; sepals narrowly oblong, acute, soon reflexed: petals oblong, obtuse, rather abruptly narrowed below to a short claw ; filaments dilated toward the top : capsule oblong, cleft to near the middle, the short beaks abni]itly diverging. Along high mountain streams, Alaska to California and the Rocky Mountains. * * Leaves and stems from the summit of a fleshy or bulb-like caudex. S. Mertensiana Bong. Veg Hilch. liX. S. heterantha Hook. Spariiit;ly fmbescent : caudex bulb-like propagating by bulblets in the axils of the eaves; leayes round-cordate, 10-12-lobed, the lobes 2-5-toothed, 1-3 inches in diameter, on petioles severel times longer than the bl de: stems en'ct, 6-12 inches high, often bearing bulblets in the axils of the much branclnd, many-flowered, open panicle; flowers white, on slender pedicels; petals ovate, attenuate below to a short claw, spreading, white with two yellow- spots near the base, 2 lines long, longer than the lanceolate reflexed calyx- lobes: filaments dilated upward; ovary free from the calyx: capsjule inflated-ovate, united only at base, the beaks widely divergent in fruit. ' 'n wet rocks and cliffs, Alaska to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. S. Marshall! Greene Pitt, i, 159 Scurffy-pubeacent : caudex fleshy, propagating by oblong tubers at the ends of long filiform runnners : leaves oval or oblong to ovate, abruptly contracted at base to a broad petiole, obtuse, rather coarsely dentate, 6-2i) lines long: stems 6-12 inches high: panicle loose, many-flowered, not bulblet-bearing; flowers on slender pedicels; calyx free from the ovary, cleft to the base, the lanceolate ob- tusish segments soon reflexed: petals oblong-ova I , white with two yellow spots near the base; filaments dilated about the middle, becoming lanceo- late on long claws; capsule short, united only at base, the beaks diverg- ing at right angles in fruit. On wet banks, southern Oiegon, on the Rogue river, to Humbolot Co., California. S. Callfornica Greene 1. c. 286. White-pubescent or glandular-tomen- tose : caudex fleshy, propagating by small oblong tubers at the ends of tili- form underground runners: leaves ovate to oblong or elliptical, 1-2 inches long, narrowed below to a broad petiole, the margin from coarsely crenate to repandly denticulate or almost entire, more or less ciliate: stems 6-18 inches high, few-many-flowered; flowers white, on slender pedicels; calyx nearly free from the ovary, divided almost to the base, with oblong rather acute soon reflexed segments; petals white not spotted, elliptical tospatu- late, obtuse; filaments flattened but not dilated upward; carpels united only at the base, strongly diverging in fruit. On open hillsides, southern Ore- gon to California. S. fragosa Suksdorf, Small Bull. Torr. Club xxiii, 363. Perennial by an ascending or horizontal rootstock that increases by branching at the crown, glandular- pi lose with rigid hairs: stems erect or assurgent, 12-18 inches high: leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, entire or repand 1-2 inches long, abruptly narrowed or truncate at base, decurrent on the wirged petiole which is slightly dilated at base, somewhat coriaceous, glabrate. stems 12-18 inches high, erect or assurgent, paniculately blanched at the top: flowers white, on slender pedicels, in many-flowered cymules, calyx Aa\. SAX FRAG A. SAXIFRAGACEiE. Ids ! : pan tele Amerlfnn ;, slitilitly petioles, L-2 ini'lies verc in a near the ,g, obtn^^e, ;ed toward s abrnvtly ia and Uie bulb-like Rpariiigly ixils o{ the , 1-3 inches terns erect, h branched, icels; petals two yellow lexed calyx- yx: capsule >nt in iruit. ,he Cascade idex fles'hy, mera : leaves •cad petiole, inches high : J on slender [nceolate oh- two yellow .ling lanceo- )eak8 diverg- ;on, on the lular-tomen- • ends of ft>i- i\, 1-2 inches kly crenate to 1: stems 6-18 Jdicels; calyx Iblong rather lical to spatu- Is united only juthern Ore- perennial by [iching at the irgent. 12-18 Id 1-2 inches the winaed Ig, glabraie. Inched at the ■mules, calyx broailly campanulate, the tube adnate to the ovary, the lobes triangular or triangular-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, about a line long, at length re- flexeil ; petals obovate, obtuse or notclied at the apex, nearly 2 lines long, strongly 3-nerved, the lateral nerves arising below the middle and con- verging toward the apex ; filauients subulate, ohorter than the petals ; carpels flat, surrounded by a disk, becoming globose-ovoid, nearly dis- tinct follicles 2-3 lines long, the short beaks strongly diverging : seeds obovoid. more or less pointed at both ends. On wet cliffs along the Columbia and Willamette rivers. S. claytoiilsefolia Canbv, 8mall 1. c. 365. Perennial by a short hori- zontal rootstock, slender, glandular-pilose above, glabrate below : leaves fleshy, orbicular-elliptic, more or less oblique, 3-4 inches long, glabrate, obtuse, entire, undulate, palmately 6-8-nerved, narrowed into a winged ribbed petiole which is as long as the blade or longer : stems erect or assergent 8-12 inches high, glabrate near the base; inflorescence thyr- soid-corymbose, its branches subtended by small linear or linear-oblong bracts: calyx flattish, 1 line high, its lobes spreading and recurved, thin, oblong, acute, 3-nerved, longer than the tube; petals white, spatula te or obovate-spatulate, about 1 line long, slightly emarginate or minutely apiculate, gradually narrowed into a claw, marked with a stout mid-nerve . which gives off two lateral nerves about the middle ; filaments subulate, I shorter than the petals, incurved at the summit; carpels each ovoid, l}i I lines long, the short stout beaks strongly diverging; seeds irregularly ob- I long, reddish, smooth or very faintly striate. Damp crevices of rocks, I The Dalles, Oregon. S. liidiftca Greene Eryth. i, 222. "Near .S'. integrifolia, but crown and hoots imbedded in a dense subglobose mass of small bulblets: leaves [ovate or obovate, entire or merely denticulate, an inch long, on dilated jpt'tioles rather shorter : scapes 8-12 inches high, stoutihh, glandular-hir- Isute: cymes several-flowered and pedicillate, forming a thrysoid panicle Itoward the summit : calyx-segments ascending, oblong-ovoid, acutish and liimcronulate : p»tals round-obovate, not unguiculate. white: filaments Very short; anthers dull red : ovary very broad ai summit, depressed and even slightly concave : carpels not known." In wet springy places, east- fm Washington to the Sierra Nevada Mountains i California. S. plantaginea Small 1. c. "Perennial by a thick rootstock, stout, fceapose, glandular-pilose: leaves elliptic or elliptic-siatulate, 2-4 inches long, obtuse, undulate or distinctly and shallowly toothed, leathery, cili- Ite, 5-7-ribbed, narrowed into a "winged petiole, which is usually much Ihorter than the blade ; scape erect, 8-10 inches tall, sparingly branched |ear the top, the branches subtended by elliptic bracts ; flowers greenish ; 1 dense cymules ; calyx flat, its segments ovate, 2 lines long, obtuse, 3- lerved, longer than the tube; petals suborbicular-oblong or some hi- lined to be broadly spatulate, 1-2 lines long, greenish, shorter than the plyx-segrnents, obtuse, marked with a midnerve and several branche arrowed into a broad claw ; filaments converging, subulate, shorter than fetals ; ovaries immersed In a lotied disk, fruit not seen. " Wpokane, Wash- Igton. Is. intergrifolia Hook Fl, i,249, t. 86. Glandular-pubescent through- It; leaves and stems from a somewhat woody caudex: leaves ovate to Jlong or lanceolate, usually obtuse, entire or slightly sinuate-crenate, fciewiiat membranaceous; stems 6-20 inches high, rather stout: flowers liny, in an elongated panicle, on short pedicels, clustered at the ends of p branchlets of the narrow panicle; petals white, obovate, twice the Rgth of the glabrous spreading sepals; filaments short, subulate ; ovary |e; styles divergent: carpels united only at the base. In moist prairies ' wet places, Washington to California. SAXIFRAGACE^. 8AXKRAG.\ S. parrifolla Greene Pitt, iii, 116. totems stoutish, 6-16 inches liigli, from a small somewhat woody caudex, pubescent with coarse glaniular hairs: leaves ovate, obtuse, entire or slightly toothed, 6-10 lines loiiu', on winged petioles as long or longer, somewhat fleshy, glal irons : brandies oi the panicle each cymosely 3-5-floweic'l ; calyx cleft to the middle into deltoid erect segments; petals white, spatulate-oblong, obtuse; nearly 2 lines long, more than twice as long as the calyx; filaments tiliforni ; an. thers orbicular ; mature carpels red, united to near the middle, adiuite to the tube of the calyx, only the beaks divergent. On damp open hillsides about Grants Pass, Oregon. S. Oregraua Howell Eryth. iii, 34. Can* cently pubescent: leaves and stem from a thickened fleshy caudex : leaves spatulate to hu'.ve(jiate, 1-8 inches long, obtuse, obscurely repand-dentate, sessile or attenuiite be low to a broad petiole : stem stout. 1-4 feet higli, leafless, brancheil near the top, the branches subtended by linear-lanceolate mostly cuminate bracts; flowers in dense cymules, sessile or nearly so; calyx adnate to the i base of the ovary, cleft to tlie middle, with short triangular obtuse or acute at length reflexed segments; petals yellowish-white, 2 lines long, oblong, attenuate below to a short claw; filaments subulate, half as long as the petals: carpels distinct or nearly so, diverging, the short 1 teak at | length bent at a right angle; seeds oblong, in marshes and about siJiings, Washington and Oregon. § 5. Arabidia Tausch. 1. c. Caudex above the giound scarcely any : stems annual, mostly leafless : calyx free from the ovary; the sepals nearly distinct: petals with slender ehuvs, often unequal : filaments filiform : seeds longitudinally stiiiitt, S. XntkaMa Moc. Engler Monog. Sax. 13o. Pubescent: stems and leaves from the cro\»'n of a small fleshy caudex : leaves cuneate-spatulate, sessile or some of the outer ones attenuate below to a broad petiole, 1 lines long, unequally ciliate, rather coarsely dentate above the middle stems 3-12 inches high, paniculately branched above, bearing luimeroiii propagula in the axils of the floral bracts; flowers numerous, in a Ic usually secund panicle; calyx free from the ovary, cleft to the base; sepal broadly lanceolate, acute, very early reflexed, barely a line long; petal white, with a yellow or red spot at the base of the blade, somewhat equal, lanceolate, long-clawed; fllaments clavate, as long as the petali] carpels lance-ovate, united to above the middle, the short slender beal erect. In moist places on the highest mountains, Alaska to Oregon. S. reflexa Hook. Fl. i, 249, t. 85 Canescently pubescent: lean ovate, rather coriaceous, opaque, incisely serrate, attenuate into a pel ole : stem naked; panicle glabrous, compact, corvmbose; petals oboval marked with two orange spots, scarcely twice the length of the obtuse flexed calyx-segments ; filaments dilated upward rr petaloid, often aboi ive; ovary free from the calyx Northeastern Washington and Idaho the Arctic Hea shore. U S. occidentalis Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii. 264. Leaves what fleshy, 6-18 lines long, roundish to oblong or ovate, coarsely deniaj contracted below to a short petiole, tomentose lieneath with red or reiM hairs, smooth above: stems 2-1' ^es high, more or less pubescent! ? glandular; flowers numerous, iv »newhat corymbose cyme : cahxi rom the ovary, cleft nearly o- j to the base, the oblong or ovatenl tuse segment hot reflexed ; pt. As white, oblong obovate, obtuse. t«ice| long as the sepals ; fllaments slender-subulate about equalling tlie sepr carpels lanceolate, united below, ti: stout beaks divergent: seeds olilj apiculate at one or both ends, with a loose smooth testa. Common | wet rocks. Brit. Columbia to California. , Its necjual in 'V the sinij tainens 10 'jx-segnie fe,4-angle ersed in a 'e bodies fhat curved S. frairari !ose, the 8h( I"', broadly "v Piibesce ^ertlian th ••piibegcent, ""spheric; it ^te, obtuse, "Stent, whi '? cleft '0 ti ^ "1 the .Sis nches higli, e glaxi'lular nes lony;, on brandies oi mitUUi' into use; niMrly2 tilifovni ; an- lie, adivAteto )pen hillsides sflcent: leavtH to Uir.voolate, attenuate bt- iranchotl near )9tlv eliminate : ad'nate to the vilar obtuse or 1 ;e,2lim'slong, te,hal{ aslond e shortl'OAkai| I about spviiiiis, ! the ground : free tVtnii the slender elawiJ inaUy >^tnutf.| ent: stems aiid| iineate-siwtulate .ad petiole, M lOve the muidle: aring numevoB( eroiia, m a Ic ^ the bape; sepa ine lor.g; 1« somewlvat ra the retail SAXIKRAdA SAXIFRAGOl'818. SAXIFRACJACE.E. IM S. Howellii Greeno Pitt, ii, 163. Leaves thin, less than an inch longr> oblong to obovate, tapering to a rather long blender petiole, coarsely den* tate, Hmooth both sides: stem ^s 3-0 inches high: flowers rather few, in a loose corymbose cyme: calyx free from the ovary, cleft nearly to the base, the narrow oblong segments obtuse or acutish, spi-eading in flower; petals oblonu:, obtuse, but little ]onger than the sepals, the claw very short or olisolete; filaments filifornr', as long aa the petals: seeds obscurek tubercnlate, the testa loose at tl\e ends. On wet banks along the CoqueU river, Oregon. § (). Nephrophyllum Gaud. Fl. Helvct. iii. 103. Csmdex above th« ground none : stems annual, leafy; bracts at tlic base of the pedicels often {remiiiate : calyx free or adnate to the base of the ovary; the sepals erect or spreading: filaments subulate, S. Xuttallli Small Bull. Torr. Club xxiii, 368. .9. Heganx Xutt. nU S'femb. Annual, smooth or nearly so: stems slender, leafy, simple or branched, 2-12 inches high: leaves rotund to ovate or lanceolate, con- tracted below to a short petiole, 2-6 lines long, entire or v» ith one or two i coarse teeth toward the apex ; flowers white in open few-Howered ra- |iemes on long slender pedicels; calyx carapanuiate, with short erect tri- [angular acute lobes, the tube coherent to the lower half of the ovary in fruit; petals oblong, obtuse, 2-3 lines long, more than twice tho length of the calyx; carpels united to the middle, the slender beaks di- veriiing: seeds striate with scabrous ridges. On wet banks and cliffs at |Uregon City and other places in western Oregon. 4 SAXIFR.\GOPSIS Small Bull. Torr Club xxiii, 19. "Low caulescent caespitcf^, sparingly glanduiar-pilose plant.s [perennial by woody rootstocks. Stems straw-like, rather slender, jnot fleshy, sparingly leafy.. Leaves alternate, membranaceous, the blade articulated to the petiole and not decurrent : petiole kviry. dilated into a scarious ribbed base. Inflorescence consist' Ing of a terminal thyrsoid-panicle, its cymules peduncled, sub- jended by small bracts : pcvlicels usually bearing several opposite br nearly opposite bractlets below the flower. Calyx hemis- pheric, its tube ribbed, united to fhe ovary, its segments 5, ort slecdev bealMinequal in size and shape, reflexed. Petals 5, inserted ju.>t be« le, ig «« to Oregon, pubescent: leAvi tuate into a pel se- petals oboval fl o{ the obtuse i Loid, often a i Iton and hla>w| h,4. Leaves m \ coarsely aenu| Lith red or ved^J less pubescent « lecyme: ealxxj ■jlong or o^a^el te, obtuse. tNM«| mailing the ^1 kent: seeds ol>H ista. Comiwn| ow the sinuses of the calyx-tube, long-clav ed. at length detlexed^ [tamens 10, converging; fihiments in.serteu at the base of the alyx-segments, dilated below into two tliin wings ; anthers sagit- bte,4-angled. Ovary very short when young, soon elongating, im- kersed in a glandular disk ; plai'entse central. Follicles slender, he bodies united, the tips erect. Seeds minute, smooth, some*- Ihat curved." Is. frafrarioldes Small 1. c. 20. Saxifraga fragarioule!< Greene. Ces- Itose, the short, much branched woody caudex leafy at the ends : leavea ]in, broadly cuneate to oblong, coarsely dentate abo' e the middle, spar- ely pubescent both sides, 8-14 lines long, on slender petioles as long or tiger than the blade : flowering stems 3-10 inches high, slender, glandu- •pubescent, leafy ; flowers -.uimerous, in an elongated panicle; calyx Imispheric; its segments longer than the tube or at length shorter, ovate, late, obtuse, reflexed. a line long; petals oblong-spatulate or spatulate, bistent, white, ^ longer than the calyx-lobes, at length reflexed : cap- U cleft 'o the middle, the slender beaks slightly diverging. On dry lain the »Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and adjacent California. 196 SAXIFRAGACEiE. 8ULMVAXTI.\. BOYKIXIA. KOLA MEM ' 5 SULLIVAN TI A T. & G. Slender herbs with running roots, palmately veined leaves and small flowers in paniculate cymules. Calyx qampanuliitc coherent with the base of the ovary, 5-cleft. Petals 5, broad, entire, alternate with the calyx-lobes, withering-persistent. 8ta- mens '), shorter than the petals. Ovary 2-celled, with flic l>laceiit8e in the axis, many-ovuled : carpels united to the middle, tilt' beaks Hat and early open down the inner side. Seeds numer- ous, wing-margined. H. Oregaiia Watson Proc Am. Acad. xiv. 292. Smooth below, puliesi- cent and glandular above : stems slender, 3-10 inches high, sparingly leafv. from slender running rootstalks: propagating by long fiUtorm runners: leaves round-cordate, 1-2 inches in diameter, laciniately cut and toothed, on long petioles with dilated scarious base: flowers numerous, in an elong- ated panicle; calyx campanulate; with acute triangular lobes ; petals white, oblong-ovate, obtuse, a half longer than the calyx-lobes, somewhat cuneatei at ^"a""' • cari)el8 membranaceous, the beaks exserted and slightly diverging | in iiaii: seeds oblong, dark brown and shining, narrowly winged. On wet viitfs along the Columbia river near the Cascades, and at hlk Kockoii th Willamette. 6 BOYKINIA Nutt. Jour. Acad. Pliilad. vii, 11.1 Perennial herbs witii creeping caudex, alternate leaves witlij 'lila '1 stipule-like base and corymbose cymes of white ilow:-[ Cft'"x campanulate, adnate to the lower part of the ovary, t he tu' a! . :s,.;Lli urceolate, the limb spreading, valvate in the bud. I'etalJ o, , inserted in the throat of thcl calyx, shorter than its segments : anthers 2-celled. Styles 2-i short : stigmas simple. Capsule 2-8-celled, with a central luanv seeded placentae, 2-8 beaked, deliiscent between the beaks. .Seedil small, ovoid, with a close somewhat crustaceous testa, veri minutt'ly and evenly ])apillose. B. major Gray Bot. Cal. i, lilH. Sparingly pubescent; glandiili above: stems stout, 1-3 feet high, from a cree^iing lignious caudex: leavi round-reniform, deeply r)-7-lobed, tiie lobes irregularly toothe-5- toothed, 1-2 inches in diameter, all on sl^'uder petioles with diia!' ciliate base: flowers numerous, in elongated pa .\;ulate cymes; calyx oi panulate, adherent to the lower half of the ovarv, enlarging a:".d i)eooiiii urceolate in fruit; petals white, early deciduous, spatulate, narroi below t(> a long claw, 2-3 lines long, much longer than the acumiM calyx-lobes: carpels united to the middle, the long slender freaks .« ' diverging. Common along mountain streams, western Washinjitonj California. Peren panicles valvate linear, ei with its filament! but who] |)lacentie (tvate, w rather ]o( B. Call ing appare: baseot the the lower r (iliform pe tuothed, gr; Iwrne on or cles: petals V'osemite fa Oregon. B. Oreg and glandu 'm&ll bulbil [and toothed stipule- like sessile brae Ipedicels; ca jlines long, tl Ipiirple. fflifo jfule ovate, vhe calyx ; oia river nea Low her \nd few flo [he tube co I'le bud. ftaniens .5, (vuled, wit B. raiiaQ( 'It and glan< udex, propa 'ves round-c 'fng petiole luced to ob •,"« capitate wdle, with ''ow to a sho ,Jg: carpels "is on the hii IVASTIA. KINIA. ned leaves mpanulate. g 5, broad, stent, ^ta- I, with thf the muldW. eeds numtr- I!OLANDR\. IIEMIEVA. SAXIFRAGACEVE, 197 below, pube?- Daringly leaiy. lorm runners, t and toothed, ! ^8, in an elong- 1 I ; petals wliite, aewliat cuneale I ghtly diverging Y winged. On I at h.lk Kockon| ,te leaves witlil white ilow ■ -)vary,thetuK he bud. ''etay throat of tk Styles 24 central uuiuy beaks. M us testii, ven icent; glandulaj Ls caudex : leavd [toothe41. Perennial herbs with paltnately veined, tiiin leaves and lonso panicles of purple flowers. Calyx broadly eanipanuhite, .")-lohed, valvate in the bud, the tube free from the ovary. Petals .">, linear, entire, inserted in the throat of the calyx and alternate with its lobes, persistent. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals : tilamonts filitorm : anthers cordate, 2-celled. Ovary included in but wholly free from the inflated calyx, many-ovuled with the placentiB in the axis : stigma truncate. Capsule membranaceous, ovate, with a broad 2-celled base. Seeds numerous, with a rather loose testa. B. C'alifornlca Gray 1 c. Stem.s 6-18 Inches higli, weak an inches lii^h, (rem a small bulb-like caudex which is covered with bulbletH that an- borne in the axils of the radical leaves: lower leaves round-coniate. nm- litely lobed and toothed, on slender petioles with scarious dilated l.asf, upper ones obovate, 15-5-lobed, on short petioles with foliaceouw HtiiMilm base: petals violet, entire or sometimes 2-;^-lobed, spatulate, attemmtf below to 11 long claw, 5-() lines long, much longer than the acuminati' at longth connivent lobes ol the calyx: capsule oblong; carpels nnitcd to near the top, the short beaks diverging: seeds oblong, with a close li«;lit- colored testa. On moss-covered rocks, along the t ohimlna river near Yiento Oregon and on the opposite side of the river near the mouth of the White Salmon river. !> LEITAXIS Riif. Fl. Tel. 11.75. TOLMIEA T. er part closely re- flexed, bright red; styles short, persistent, with broad Hat stigmas' ap- proximate: capsule ovate, open at the top. the indurated styles divergent ill fruit: seeds oblong, tul)erculate. Common in moist woods, Brit, t'ol- uinl>ia to California. T. odorata. Coarsely pilose below, glandular-pubescent above: stems latlicr slender, clustered, 1-2 feet high, from a multicepital caudex : leaves liroaUy cordate, acute, obscurely lobed and crenately toothed, l--;l inches loiiff, on long petioles with dilated scarious base, the few cauline ones smaller and nearly sessile: flowers fragrant, numerous, on short pedicels in a long terminal raceme ; calyx campanulate, the inflated tube 3-4 lines long, coherent with the lower half of the ovary, the oblong erect lobes about half as long as the tube: petals red, lanceolate in outline, lacini- ately cut into long filiform segments, narrowed below to a long claw, bent at the middle, the upper half spreading or at length loosely reflexed ; styles short, with broad capitate stigmas: capsule elliptical, tl»e very short styles divergent in fruit : seeds oblong, rough tuberculate. In wet places and springs, along the Columbia river near the (Jasca'es to .""outhern Oregon. * Stamens 5. T. racemosa Greene Eryth. iii, 55. Ileuclurn racemosa Watxon. "Glandular-hispid, leaves reniform-cordate, crenately lobed and toothed, 1 or 2 inches broad : flowering stems 4-10 mches high, bearing 2 or ;> peti- olate leaves and a loose few (6-15) flowered raceme; pedicels «hort (a line long or less): calyx very broadly campanulate, 2 (becoming •>) lines long, acutely lobed ; petals glandular, linear, entire and acuminate or more or less laciniately toothed toward the top, a little exceeding the calyx-lobes : stamens 5, very short, opposite to the calyx-lobes : styles very short; cap- sule sub-globose, very snortlv beaked: seeds very numerous, brownish, with wrinkled testa, not murlcate." On cliffs of Mount Adams Wasiiing- ton at 7-SOOO feet altitude. Suk^dorf. 11 LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. .Tourn Acad. I'hila vii, 26. Small and slender herbs with fibrous at length <«;runioiis roots, ■')-.>]iarted or lobed leaves on petioles with stipulitbrm base and rather large flowers in simple few-flowered racemes. Calyx cyathiform or campanulate, coherent with or free from the lower part of the ovary: the limb short, 5- cleft, valvate in the bud. Petals 5, inserted in the sinuses of the calyx just below the margin, cuneiform, luiguiculate, much exserted, 3-cleft, or rarely entire, deciduous. Stamens 10, inserted in the throat of the calyx: anthers cordate, 2-celled. Styles 2-8, short; stigmas obtuse or somewhat dilated. Capsule 1 -celled with 2-8 parietal many-seeded placentae, 2-8 valved at the apex. Seeds horizon- tal, ovate, with a distinct raphe ; the testa smooth and membran- aceous. iH 909 SAXIFUAGACE.E. MTMOrilKAOXI A MITKLLA. L. campaiiulata. Minntcly pnl)e9oent below, Klanulnr above: :*•.- in slender, 12-2 t incbea bigli : radical leaves round -cordate, H-lobed, the \f\,..< coarsely 3-6-toothed, 8-12 lines in diameter, on long, slender petiolew uiili a bulblet in the axil of each; cauline usually only one, similar or iumv deeply lobed: Howers few, very remote, on short pedicels; calyx camiiaini- late, 3-4 lin<'s long, with roundud base and short, triangular, acute lenh; petals incisely 3-5-lobed, wlii' ■ to pink, broadly ovate, (Jlines lonjj, ikh rowed below to a liliforni cla«v: '-apsule conical, divided nearly to tlir middle. On high open ridges of the biskiyou mountains near the Oregon boundary. L. parviflora Nutt. T. A G. Fl. i, 584. Tellima pnrviflora ll-:i:. Roughisli hirsute or scabrous-pubescent; stems slender, 8-20 inches liiuh: radical leaves rounil-cordate, deeply 3-5-lobed, the lobes coarsely tootlidl. 6-10 lines in diameter, on slender petioles 1-4 inches long; cauline leuvy-i usually 2, trifoliolate, leaflets deeply 3-lobed, the lobes 2-3-tootlieil; flowers few, in a subcapitate at length elongated raceme; calvx obcoiiital, with triangular acute lobes; petals while or pinkish, deeply 3-clel't into linear or oblong lobes, attenuate below to a slender claw, 4-0 lines lnn}:, capsule oblong, often 3-va ved, open only at the top. Common in moist or shady places, Brit Columbia to California and Colorado. L. teiieUa Nutt. T. &(J Fl. i, 5S4 Tdlima tenella Walp. Roughisli with a minute glandular pubescence: stems slender, branching from tiit- base, 4-12 inches high : leaves trifoliolate; leaflets 2-3-part«d, with cuiiui- form 2-:5-lobed segments; flowers few, in a capitate at length elon^'ated often bulblet bearing usually simple raceme; calyx carapanulate, 2 lims long, with very short triangular teeth ; petals pink, H lines long, irregu- larly 3-7-parted into mostly linear-lanceolate, acute d'visions: capi^iile almost free from the calyx, elliptical, usually 3-valvid opening I4 its length from the top: seeds short-oblong, rough -tuberi'ulat«. Common on prairies, Brit. Columbia to California and Colorado. L. rnpicola Greene Eryth. iii, 102. '"Stems often 2 or 3 from the small grumous root, not very slender, a foot high or more, rathe / strongly liispi- ilulousscabrous throughout: lowest leaves from round-reniform to round- ovate in outline, deeply 3-5-l<-'''''.I, the lobes again 3-lobed; petioles lung, each with .a large balblet in Us axil ; cauline leaves of more angular outline, doubly cleft into i. arrow iiegniiir.ts: racemes elongated, I2-20-flowertd; fruiting pedicels nearly iwk'f >:,{ie length of the calyx: hemispherical l)ase of the calyx adherent to the ovary, the body in maturity obviously lO-fitri- ate, the lobes short and obtuse : petals white, all deeply palmatind, the 2 upper much smaller than the others : capsule 3-valved at the apex and the valves well exserted: seeds striate lengthwise but neither muriate nor obviously granular. Lava l)eds of Modoc Co., California, growing in the shade of Junipers," Perhaps in adjacent Oregon. 12 MITELLV L. Gen. n. 561. Perennial herbs with mostly radical leaves, slender stems and small Howers in simple spicate racemes. Calyx 5-cleft, short- campanulate, more or less coherent with the ovary. Petal.? 5, lobed or pinnatifid, inserted into the throat of the calyx, decidu- ous. Stamens 5 or 10, not exserted ; anthers cordate or reni- form, 2-celled. Styles 2, short and distinct. Capsule 1 -celled. with 2 parietal or somewhat basal many-seeded placentae, 2- valved at the summit. Seeds obovoid, horizontal or ascending, smooth and shining. ,• * Stamens 5, alternate with the petals. / )m the small MiTKLLA. SAXIFKA(iACE;lv l>l)l MITKL.ABTHA. .H. Brewerl Gray I'roc. Am. Acad, vi, 533. SpariiiKly pubt-MCfiit with lonj< criHp brownish hairn: HcajH^H slender, 't-8 inchen hi^th: leaves nmiul-oonlaU' To reniform, obsouri'iy 3-5-loli»'(l, irregularly cretsately tciuthed, 'vitii e.illous-apii'ulate teeth, 1-H inchen in diameter, on petioleH ;;-4inche;- lonx that are subtended by scarioiis ciliate brownish bracts: riu -mes 4'JO-flowered : Howera on short spreading j)edicelH subtended by iiiiuute Hcarions bracts; calyx short-campanulate, with short and rounded somewhat scarious lobes, petals greenish-vellow, pectinately pinnate with :!-T filiform pinntea ; stigma distinctly 2-lot)ed. On the highest mountains, Biit Coluinuia to California. .U. ovallH Greene Pitt, i, 32. Pubescent with long whitish hairs: scapes 6-18 inches high: leaves oblong-cordate, obscurely 5-7-lobed, re- jiiindly toothed, 6-18 lines long, on rather stout petioles 1-4 inches long : fiiiwers numerous, on short erect pedicels that are sul)tended by minute scarious bracts, often two or three together on a short peduncle and thus ))oinewhat panicu'ate; calyx saucer-aliaped, its short rounded lobes grr.n- ioh-yellow ; petals (Mfct'inately pinnate, with 3-5 rather ^^hort and
  • . u iitout rootstock : leaves broadly cordate to reniform, 12-18 lines r»- nately toothed, ciliate: flowers several, in a short secund somi uiuii cir- cinate raceme, on very short pedicels subtended by scarious white bracts : calyx campannlate, its oblong or triangular acute lobes white and in'tal- like, glabrous; petals ovate, on long slender claws, 3-toothed or 3-parted at the apex; stigma 2-lobed. On the high mountains of Washington and Oregon to the Rocky mountains. * * Stamens 5, opposite the petals. M. pentandra Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 293 '<. *!!paringly pubescent with shcjrt white hairs: scapes slender, 6-12 inches high: leaves cordate to round-ren- iform, obscurely 3-5-lobed, unequally &errate, an inch or more in diame- ter: flowers numerous, in a subpaniciilate raceme, calyx short-campanu- late, its very short obtuse lobes green ; petals pinnate with 7-9 approximate lihform pinnsea: filaments very short, infiexed. In wet piaces, on 'he highest mountains. Alaska to Oregon and the Rocky mountains. 13 MITELL ASTRA. MITELLA (j MITELLASTRA T. IMAGF EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A.^ FA^ €^^^ ^ 1.0 I.I I 1.25 UiU23. _m m £"»>iy£ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WBT MAIN STRUT wnSTU,N.Y. MSSO (716) t72-4503 l\ 4 <^ '^j^.-^ls ;\ ■Kikf 202 saxifragace;e TIARELL.V. HEUCHEPA. a line long, connivent over the recurved styles : capsule globose nearly free from the calyx Ccmmon along mountain streams at low elevations. Brit. Columbia to Oregon. 14 TIARELLA L. Gen. n. 560. Perennial herbs with simple or trifoliolate leaves and small white flowers in simple or paniculate racemes. Calyx campanu- late, nearly free from the ovary, 5-parted, white and petal-like, valvate in the bud. Petals 5. entire, small, with short claws, in ours persistent. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals into the base of the calyx: filaments filiform, exserted, the o opposite the sepals longest: anthers ovate, 2-celIed: styles 2 ; stigmas sim- ple. Capsule 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentae, 2-valved, the valve-; very unequal. Seeds rather large, subglobose, smooth and shining. T. trifoliata L. Hp 406. Softly hirsute: stems slender, ascending, 6-12 inches high, from slender creeping rootstocks: leaves tiifoliolale, the middle leaflet ovate with cuneate base, slightly 3-lobed; the lateral one^; oblique, 2-lobed, all coarsely and repandly apiculate-dentate, on slender petioles: flowers numerous, in an elongated narrow panicle: calyx cleft nearly to the base, the lanceolate lobes about a line long, acute; petalr; filiform, nearly twice as long as the calyx; filaments filiform, as long as the petals; valves of the capsule membranaceous, tipped with the slender per- sistent styles, the larger one 6 lines long, more than twice as long as the other. Common in forests, Alaska to California. T. lacinlata Hook. Fl. i, 239, t. 77. Scabrous-hirsute: stems about 3-leaved : leaves trifoliolate, the terminal leaflet deeply 3-cleft, the lateral ones 2-cleft, the segm^^nts broadly lanceolate, laciniate-pinnatifid: panicle loose: petals filiiorm and resembling the filaments. Vancouver Island to Washington. T. unifoliata Hook. 1. c. 238 t. 81. Sparingly pubescent or nearly glabrous: stems slender, erect or ascending, 6-16 inches high from slender running rootstocks : leaves simple, cordate, acute, obscurely 6-7-lobed. coarsely apiculate-dentate, 1-3 inches in diameter, on long slender petioles : flowers numerous, in a narrow panicle; calyx cleft to near the base ; petals filiform, twice^he length of the rather obtuse oblong-ovate calyx-lobe?: valves of the capsule merely convex,, the largest one oblong, acute, 5 lines long, twice as long as the other. Common in the forests of the high mountains, Alaska to California. 15 HEUCHERA L. Gen. n. 320. Perennial herbs with mostly radical palmately veined leaves with partly free stipules and rather small flowers in terminal jjanicals or spikes. Calyx campanulatc, coherent with the ovary below, 5-cleft, the segments imbricate in the bud. Petals o. sometimes wanting, small, entire. Stamens 5, inserted alter- nately with the petals into the throat of the calyx; anthers 2- celled ; styl«^s 2 ; capsule 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae, many- seeded, 2-beaked, dehiscent between the beaks; seeds horizontal, oval, minutely muriate or hibpidulous. * Filaments and styles filiform, much exserted : calyx short obconic or campanulate, the lobes spreading, equal: petals mostly persistent, at length often revolute or twisted : panicle effuse. HEUCHERA. SAXIFRAGAOKiE. 203 H. prlabia Willd. Roem. & Sohult. 8yst. vi, 21H Glabrous: stems 1-8-leaved, 12-20 inches high, clustered at the ends of a much branched faudex: leaves roundish-cordate, acurately and irregularly iobed and doubly serrate, sparingly ciliate, 2-4 inches broad; on slender petioles *»-10 inches long; flowers numerous in an open cymulose panicle ; calyx glandu- lar pubescent, 2 lines long, cleft to the middle, the oblong obtUse lobes about as long as the tube ; petals white, little more than a line long, about equalling the stamens with ovate-lanceolate blade and long slender claw, recurved ; styles at length much exserted: seeds oblong or oval, minutely hispid in lines. On cliffs and rocks alon^ streams, Alaska to the highest peaks of the Cascade and Rockv mountains. H. micrantha Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. xv, t. 1302. Pilose with long ciinkly hairs below: stems nearly naked, 1-2 feet high, from the ends of slender creeping rootstocks : leaves rou nil-cordate to reniform, 1-3 inches broad, slightly and obtusely Iobed, mucronulately crenate, ciliate, on slender pedicels 2-8 inches long ; panicle diffuse, many-flowered ; flowers small, on slender pedicels, in small dichotomous cymules; calyx turbi- nate, the rounded lobes about equalling the tube; limb of the petals linear-lanceolate as long as the claw, soon curled or twisted : styles slen- der, long exserted : capsuleovate-lanceolate, at length exserted, the slender beaks erect. Common on rocky ))anks and cliffs, Brit. Columbia to California. * * Filaments and styles subulate, short : calyx campanulate, the lobes equal: flowers small, in narrow panicles. H. caneata. Smooth or the leaves and inflorescence minutely pubes- cent: stems slender, 6-18 inches long, leafless but with a few ovate ciliate sessile bracts below: leaves elliptical to ov te or oblong, more or less cuneate at base, 6-12 lines long, obscurely 3-5-lobed, coarsely serrate and ciliate: flowers rather numerous, on short pedicels; calyx purplish, pubes- cent, 2 lines long, cleft to the middle, with oblong acutish lobes ; petals minute, scarcely equalling the calyx-lobes ; stamens and styles not exceed- ing the calyx: capsule ovoid scarcely exserted. On dry cliffs, Harney Valley eastern Oregon. H. pilosissima F. & M. Ind. Sem Hort. Petrop. v, 56. Villous or hirsute with spreading viscid hairs: stems 6-18 inches high, rather stout, leafless or with a few small leaves: leaves round-cordate, obtusely Iobed and crenate, 1-3 inches in diameter: flowers in a c'ose and clustered or sometimes loose panicle, usually as long as their pedicels : calyx somewhat globular; rounded or obtuse at base and the broad short lobes more or less incurving, densely hairy ; stamens about equalling the calyx; short styles and narrow spatulate petals but little exserted. On dry cliffs in the Coast Mountains, from the border of Oregon southward. H. parTlfoIia Nutt. T. & G. FL i, 581. Scabrous-pubescent: stems leafless, 10-20 inches high : leaves forming a small radical cluster, round- cordate, crenately 5-7-lobed with short and rounded lobes, rather coarsely dentate, ciliate : panicle racemose ; flowers very small ; calyx campanu- late, the limb spreading, dihted ; petals minute ; stems shorter than the lobes of the calyx ; styles very short, conical : capsule ovate, the beaks exserted: seeds minutely hispid. From the Blue Mountains of Oregon to the Rocky Mountains. * * * Filaments and styles very short; subulate; calyx campanu- late, the lobes erect and somewhat unequal : petals minute or want- ing: flowers often large, glomerate or spicate. H. cylindrlca Dougl. Hook. Fl.i, 236. f^tems 1-3 feet high, leafless the lower portion with the petioles and veins beneath very villous or hir- sute with spreading fulvous hairs: leaves ovate-cordate, glabrous alwve. S, ^^■•'1 204 SAXIFRAGACE.E. HECCHERA. PA NA88IA 5-7-lobed,the lobes obtuse.crenate with mneronate teeth : panicle spike-like, cylindrical, 2-4 inches long, the subsessile branches subtended by lanceolate ciliate bracts 6 lines long; calyx campaniilate, 4 lines long, the somewhat unequal narrowly o'llong lobes longer than the tube; petals filiform rudi- ments or none ; 'stamens shorter than the calyx-lobes; filaments a line long; styles very short: capsule ovate, the acuminate beaKs slight!} exserted at maturity : seeds hispid. On gravelly plains at low elevations, Brit. Columbia to California. H. §rlabella T. & G. Fl. i, 581. ( ?) Glabrous or the upper part of the stem and inflorescence pulverulent-pubescent: stems wholly naked, rather slender, 1-2 feet high : leaves round-cordate, 1-3 inches in diameter pri- marily 5-lobed. the lobes often attain 2-3-lobed, crenately toothed, the broad teeth bristly apiculate and ciliate, somewhat coriaceous, very glabrous both sides, persistent, on slender petioles 3-6 inches long; stipules con- spicuous, the free portion broadly subulate, long acuminate, ciliate: flow- ers rather small, numerous, in a rather loose spike-like panicle, 3-4 inches long, the subsessile branches subtended by setaceous pectinately ciliate bristly acuminate bracts; calyx campanulate, 2-! lines long, cleft to the middle, with somewhat unequal oblong obtuse lobes ; petals white, shorter than the calyx-lobes, the lanceolate blade but little longer than the slender claw ; anthers subsessile : styles short, stout : mature capsule not seen. On rocks along the Columbia river between the Cascades and The Dalles. U. ovalifolia T. & G. 1. c. Minutely and somewhat glandularly fmbescent throughout : somewhat cespitose stems leafless, 4-12 inches high: eaves ovate, subcordate to somewhat cuneate at base, incisely 5-lobed, the lobes coarsely toothed with obtuse to acute bristly apiculate ciliate teeth, 6-12 lines long, on petioles 1-2 inches long, persistent; stipules narrow, acute, ciliate : flowers rather few, in an almost or quite simple spike; bracts lanceolate; lon^ acuminate, laciniate and ciliate above the middle ; calyx tubular, becoming urceolate, 3 lines long cleft to the middle, the lanceolate mostly acutish lobes white and petal-Tike; petals usually if not always wanting; filaments subulate, a line long: capsule obovoid, cleft nearly to the base, the acuminate beaks scarcely equalling the calyx : seeds somewhat reniform, hispid. On cliffs and dry rocky ridges, throughout eastern Ore- gon and Washingfbn. 16 CHRYSOSPLENIUM Tourn. L. Gen. n. 320. Small depressed herbs growing in swamps and brooks with fleshy simple leaves and small yellovvish green flowers solitary in the forks ( "" ''ohotomous branches or terminal. Calyx rotate, its short tub lerent with the ovary, the 4-5 obtqge lobes col- ored within. - ctals none. Stamens twice as many as the calyx- lobes, irserted on the margin of the evident epigynous disk: anthers reniform, 2-celled. Styles 2, distinct : stigmas simple. Cappule obcordate, compressed, 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae at the base, 2-valved at the summit, seeds numerous, with a crus- taceous testa. C. grlechomsefolia Nutt T. & G. Fl. i, 589t Glabrous: stems ascending, 2-6 inches high: leaves opposite, roundioh, abruptly cuneiform at base, ne- nate above,2-6 lines broad: flowers usually solitary, in the forks of the upper branchlets : calyx 2 lines broad with rounded entire lobes ; stamens about equalling the calyx: capsule at length exserted. About springs and in marshes, Brit. Columbia to California west of the Cascade mountains. 17 PARNASSIA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 384. Smooth perennial herbs with entire petioled leaves in a clus- PARXA8SIA. PHILADKLPHU8 HYPRANGEAC.E. 205 ter on the short caudex, and simple scape-like stems not rarely bearing a small sessile leaf or two near the middle and a large terminal solitary flower. Calyx rotate, deeply o-cleft, the base free from or adnate to the base of tlie ovary, the lobes herba ceous, somewhat imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud, with a cluster of more or less united gland-tipped fila- ments at the base of each. Stamens o. alternate with the petals : anthers 2-celied. Ovary entire, 1 -celled with 8-4 parietal pla- centje: stigmas as many, closely sessile, very obtuse. Capsule 8-4-valved from the apex, the valves bearing the numy-seeded placentse on their middle. Seeds with a loose thickish some- what winged testa. P. Californica Greene Pitt, ii, 102. I-eaves ovate to broadly oval, 6-18 lines iong, narrowed below to a slender petiole : stems slender, flex- uous, 1-2 feet high, with a small sessile bract borne above the middle; calyx-lobes lanceolate, obtuse, 4 lines long; petals white, broadly ovate to elliptical, 8-10 lines long by 6 lines broad, bristles of the appendages 20- 24. almost capillary, united below into a broad cuneiform base; filaments subulate, about half as long as the petals. In marshes at the eastern base of the Coast Mountains southern Oregon and adjacent California. P. flmbrlata Banks Sims 7 Keen. Ann. Bot. i, ;)91. Leaves cordate to reni form, 6-12 lines long, on long slender petioles: stem-* slender, 6-18 inclies high, with a comparatively large leaf-like bract above the middle: sepals oblong, acntisb : petals spatulate, 4-6 lines long, conspicuously lini- bnolate ciliate at base ; bristles of the appendages 6-9, often short or re- duced to mere teeth on the cuneiform base; filaments filiform, abo.it half as long as the petals. In high mountain marshes, Alaska to California and the Rocky Mountains. Okdkr XXXI. HYDRANGI<:AC.E Dumort Anal. Fam. 36, 8S. Shrubs with opposite leaves without stipules, the flowers in terminal or axillary panicles or cymes. Calyx 4 5-cleft, valvate in the bud. Petals as many as the sepals and alternate with them, convolute in- the bud. Stamens few or numerous in- serted with the petals into the throat of the c^lyx: anthers in- trorse. Ovary either free from or coherent with the tube of the calyx, of 3-5 or more carpels with as many cells as ct.rpels and the placentae in the axis. Fruit capsular, with septicidal or loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds anatropous, small and nu- merous or solitary. Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen. 1. Phlladelphns. Calyx-tube coherent with the 4-5-celled ovary: stamens 20 or more : seeds numerous. 3. IVhlpplea. Calvx rtearly free from the 3-5-celled ovary : stamens 8-12; ovules and. seeds solitary in the cells. 1 PHILADELPHUS L. Gen. n.614. Rather large shrubs with opposite simple leaves Avithout sti- pules, and large show> flowers in paniculate cvmes or sometimes solitary in the axils. Calyx with turbinate tube coherent with 1^, 206 RIBE3ACE.E. PHILLAUELPHU8. WHIPPIKA. I • the ovary nearly or quite to the summit, the limb 4-r)-parto(l. valvate in the bud, persistent. Petals 4-5, large, convolute in the bud. Stamens 20-40, shorter than th3 petals. Styles 8-"). usually 4, united sometimes nearly to the summit: stigmas ol»- long nY linear. Capsule mostly 4-celled. free at the summit ; 4- valved,loculicidal, the placentae projecting into the cells, manv- seeded. Seeds pendulous and densely imbricated downward on the thickened placentae, with a loose coat, usually prolonged at both ends or hmbriate at the hilum. P. Lewisil Pur8h Fl. 329. Shrub 3-12 feet high: leaves broadly lance- olate, entire or serrate, acute, more or less pubescent both sides : flower.s in ^inall cymes at the ends of the branchlets; lobes of the calyx acute, twice the length of the tube: petals white, oblong-ovate, tt-lO hues long; filaments unequal the longer ones about half as long as the petals ; styles about equalling the shorter stamens, deeply 2-4-cleft. Common in open woods and rocky hillsides, Brit. Columbia to California. 2 WHIPPLE V Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 90, t. 7. ' = Small diffuse shrubs with opposite simple leaves and small white flowers in cymous clusters on terminal naked peduncle-. Calyx 5-cleft, the tube coherent with the lower part of the ovary, the lobes thin and petal-like. Petals 5. Stamens 10, rarely more or less ; anthers short, 2-celled. Ovary o-5-celled with a single suspended ovule in each cell ; styles distinct ; stigmas introrse. Capsule septicidally dehiscent into 3-5 cartilaginous 1-seeded closed valves which open down the ventral suture only. Seeds oblong with a closed coat. W. modesta Torr. L c. Stems slender, spreading or trailing, rooting at the nodes, 1-2 ieet loug or more : leaves ovate or oval, obtusely few- toothed or entire, somewhat 3-ribbed, 8-12 lines long, tapering below to a short petiole, acute or acutish, pubescent both sides : flowers white, few, in in a close cyne at the end of a rather long slender peduncle hardly 2 lines broad; calyx campanulate, the white oblong lobes longer than the tube; petals white, with a lanceolate blade and broad claw, longer than the calyx-lobes : capsule globose : styles at length deciduous; seeds oblong. In open woods, from near the Columbia river to California. Order XXXII. RIBES.\CE^. Spiny or smooth shrubs with alternate often fascitjled pal- mately veined leaves without stipules, and few to numerous, mostly perfect, flowers in racemes, either produced from the bud with the leaves and terminating the very short axillary branchlets, or sometimes leafless bucu. Calyx campanulate or tubular, colored, the tube adherent to the ovary, the limb 4-5- cleft, with mostly equal segments, marcescent, imbricate in the bud. Petals distinct, equal in number to the segments of the calyx and alternate with them, iuserte I in the throat of the calyx. Stamens as many as petals and inserted alternately witli them: anthers introrse. Ovary 1-celle I with two parietal placentae: ovules numerous, or sometimes few; styles 2, larely RIBB8. RIBESACE^. 20T '1-4. Fruit a berry, crowned with the remainH of the flower, 1-celled, usually many-seeded. Seeds anatropous, the raphe at length distinct from the gelatinous testa : the i'\ner integument somewhat crustaceous, adhering firmly to the fleshy albumen. Embryo minute excentric. 1 RIBES Ju8s. Gen. 281. L. Gen. n. 281. Shrubs with alternate palmately veined and lobed leaves, the Howers in few to many-flowered racemes. Calyx campanulate, 4-5-cleft with mostly equal nmrcescoiit lobes. Petals distinct as many as the lobes of the calyx and alternate with them. Stamens as many as petals, inserted alternately with them into the throat of the calyx. Ovary 1-celled, closely adiiate to the tube of the oalyx,;vith 2 parietal mostly many-ovuled placenta). Fruit a berry. § 1 SiPHOCALVX Berlandier Mem. Hoc. Gnev. iii, t. 2 as genus. Stems neither prickly nor thorny: leaves convolute in the bud: racemes many-flowered: bracts foliaceous : flowers yellow; calyx long and tubular : berries smooth. R. aareuni Pursh Fl. 164. A Bmooth shrub 4-8 feet high : leaves 3-lobed, often broader than long, the lobes usually divaricate, few-toothed at the apex, ciliate when young, otherwise very glabrous: racemes 10-30- flowered, leafy at base; bracts lanceolate, more or less acuminate, 2-6 lines long or more, about equalling the pedicels: calyx yellow, tubular, the nar- row tube 6-8 lines long, about twice as long as the oblong merely spreading lobes ; petals cuneiform, truncate and erose-dentaie at the apex, little more than a line long: ber.'ieH yellow or black, 2-3 lines in diameter. On rocky banks along streams, eastern Oregor; and Washington to Missouri and Arkansas. R. tenuiflornm Lindl. Hort Trans, vii, 242. A slender shrub 6-12 feet high, glabrous or the young branches and leaves pubescent with spreading hairs: leaves round-cordate, 3-lobed, the lobes often again 2-3- lobed, crenate at the apex, 1-3 inches in diameter: racemes usually about {♦-flowered, leafy at base : bracts "ioliaceous, broadly lanceolate, 6-9 lines long, usually longer than the pedicels; calyx-tube 7-8 lines long, by a line in diameter, the unequal lobes about 3 lines long by less than aline broad; petals about a line long, narrowly o long, narrowed below to a broad claw : berries 2-3 lines in diameter. Along streams, southern Oregon and adjacent California. § 2 RiBESiA Berlandier (Currant). Stems neither prickly nor spiny : leaves plicate in the bud: racemes several-flowered : calyx campanulate or cylindrical: ovules numen)us, in 2 or more rows. * Calyx produced into a campanulate or cylindrical tube: fruit and foliage more or less glandular : bracts conspicuous : stamens not produced beyond the petals. -K Flowers dull white or light-colored ; racemes corymb-like and few- flowered. R. Tiscosissimnm Pursh Fl. 163. A shrub 3-6 feet high with reddish shredy bark and stifiish branches : young branches, leaves and inflores- cence viscid-pubescent: leaves" round -cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, incisely crenate, 1-2 mches in diameter : racemes short; bracts spatulate, 6-8 lines long, about equalling the glandular pedicels; calyx-tube cylindrical, 5-6 :^. 11 rr. .,01 20S RIBESACEiE. RtRRH. KI lines long, abruptly inflated adove ita union with the ovary, twice as luin; &8 the oblong lobea : petals oblong, rounded at the summit, about halt' as long as the lobes of the calvx; styles smooth. 2-cleft at the ap3x abuut equalling the short included stamens : fruit ovoid, black, viscid-pubescent. On mountains, Brit. Oolumbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. K. ceream Dougl. Hort. Trans, vii, 312. A low shrub 2-3 feet hlt;li with rather stiff branches and whitish bark : leaves roundish-cordate, usu- ally broader than long, incisely 3-5-lobed and doubly crenate-toothed H-1) lines in diameter, more or less viscid-pubescent and dotted with white waxy glands on one or both sides : racemes nodding, 1-5-flowered ; bracts ovate to lanceolate, often toothed, appressed to the ovary, 3-4 lines lo.i^, longer than the very short pedicels ; calyx tubular, 6 lines long, viscid- glandular, the ovate spreading -lobea less than a line long; petals minute, broadly cuneiform ; stamens inserted on the tube of the calyx and included in it; style minutely pubescent above, 2-lobed: fruit bright red, minutely glandular. On dry rocky ridges, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. ■*- ■*- Flowers bright red varying to white ; racemes drooping, many- flowered. R. san^aiiieain Pursh 1 c. 164. A stout shrub 3-12 feet high with erect branches : young branches and petioles glandular-pubescent : leaves cordate, 3-5 lobed, deeply serrate, glabrous above, canescent-pubescent beneath, 1-3 inches in diameter: racemes 1-t inches long, pubescent and glandular, rather loosely many-flowered; bracts spatulate to obovate, en- tire or erose dentate, 6 lines long, about equalling the slender pedicels; calyx-tube cylindrical, 4 lines long, about equalled by the ample obovate or broadly lanceolate red lobes; petals oblong, obtuse, narrowed below to a broad claw, '2 lines long; style smooth, minutely 'i-cleft: fruit subglobose, sparingly glandular-hirsute,' black with a dense white bloom. Very com mon in wooded districts, Brit. Columbia to California. * * Calyx with very short or no tube and rotate or saucer-shaped limb. R. clliosam. Stems prostrate,2-4 feet long: leaves broadly cordate, 1-2 inches in diameter, acutely 3-6-lobed acutely serrate and ciliolate, minutely pubescent on the veins bentath smooth above, on petioles about as long as the I ^de with dilated ciliate base: racemes 6-10-dowered ; bracts small, ovate, about half as long as the smooth pedicels; calyx dark red, saucer-shaped, with broftd rounded lobes and very short tube ; petals broadly obovate, }4 hne long; anthers broader than long, sessile or nearly so; style very short, entire: fruit red, about the size or the common red current and much like it in flavor. In marshy ground about the base of Mount Hood on the south side. R. laxiflornm Pursh Fl. 731. R. acerifolium Howell: R. Howellii Greene. Stems cespitose, erect to ascending, 3-» feet long: leaves triangu- lar, 2-3 inches in diameter, truncate or more or less cordate at base, deeply 5-lobed, the acute lobes laciniately doubly serrate, smooth above, often resinous-dotted beneath ; petiole as long or longer than the blade, rather abruptly dilated and ciliate at base : racemes finely pubescent, 5-12-flow- ered ; bracts usually linear-lanceolate, 1-2 lines long, about equalling the slender pedicels; calyx rotate, with broad spatulate lobes; petals red, narrowly spatulate, a line long; anthers broader than long, on flat pedi- cels a line or more long; style deeply 2-lobed: fruit purple or black, with a whitish bloom, 2-3 Tines in diameter. A^out springs and wet places along the coast and in the highest icountains, Alaska to Oregon. R. erythrocarpnm Covill & Leiherg Proc. Biol. Soc. of Wash. x. 132. Stems trailing, rooting r.nd giving rise to ascending branches 4-8 inches high : leaves round-cordate, 6-18 lines in diameter deeply 3-lo* ed, the lobes ( ular-ci bracts sliorte; lolHiS spatu equalli 8ul)pyr Crater %m RIBKH. RIBEB. RIBESACEiE. 209 ice as lijiii; tut halt' as p3x about pubescent, n tains. feet his;li r»Ute, usii- (othed «-',» vith white red ; bracts lines lo.i^. ng, viaciil- ils minute, id included 1, minutely la and the g, many- high with ent: leaves t-pubeacent •eacent and bovate, en- jr pedicels; obovate or below to a (ubglobose, Very com sr-shaped iordate, 1-2 ciliolate, idea about red ; bracts dark red, be; petals or nearly mmon red the baae Howellii ea triang Stems 1-4 feet high, intricately much branched: young shoots often orickly: subaxillary spines triple or multiple, rigid: leaves round-cordate in outline, 6-12 lines in diameter, 3-5-parted, the divisions 3-lobed and incisely toothed, soft- pubescent and sparingly glandular both aides : racemes 1-9 flowered short- peduncled; bracts ovate, acute, as long as the pedicels; flowers greenish- white, the open calyx three lines in diameter, its short lobes rounded ; Sitals small; stamens veiy short: berries light red, not larger than peas, n rocky ridges in the mountains of (Southeastern Oregon to California. V* '■^■ii 210 RIBESACE^. RIUES. « * Calyx-tube campanula^ to cylindrical: peduncles 1-4-flowered. ■*- Anthers oval or didyinouH, very obtuse and pointless. •♦♦ Tube of the calyx above the ovary very short. R. velntlnam Greene Bull. Cal. Acad, i, 85. Stout and rigid, 2-H fttt high, with strongly recurved branches, these not prickly ; subaxuiary spiiit-h solitary: leaves orbicular, palmately 3-5-cleft, the lobes crenately S-tootlied, 6-8 lines in diameter, densely velvety-tomentose to nearly glabrous: racemes short, 2-3-flowered, the orbicular bracts not half as long as the pedicels; calyx cylindrical, its lanceolate lobes twice longer than the tube; petalH oblong, shorter than the calyx-lobes: stamens shorter than the petals; styles glabrous, equalling the stamens; ovary and fruit velvety-pubescent. On dry hillsides at the southern base of the Siskiyou Mountaino. R. niontannm. Stems slender, creeping, 3-4 feet long: subaxillnry Hpines 3, unequal : leaves round to oblong, less than an inch in diameter, slightly cordate or truncate, deepiv 3-lobed, the lobes doubly toothed, pu- bescent but not glandular : peduncles usually one-flowered, bracts con- spicuous, longer than the pedicels: calyx pubescent, its linear-oblong lobes 2 lines long, longer than the cylindraceous tube; petals narrowly oblong, a line long: stamens longer than the petals, anthers broadly olv long; style glabrous, entire or nearly so; ovary and fruit spinose. In tiie forests of the Siskiyou Mountains near the summit. R. amblfiranin Watson Proc. Am. \cad. xviii, 193. Stems erect or ascending, 4-6 feet high : leaves roundish, 1-2 inches in diameter, villous and glandular, 5-lobed, the lobes crenately toothed, peduncle 1-3-flowered, calyx 6 lines long, more or less villous, the ligulate lobes several times longer than the tube, ciliate equalling the linear petals ; anthers small elliptical, ovary and fruit densely spinose. Mt. Adams, Washington, to Northern California at high altitudes. ♦♦ ••♦ Calyx-tube longer than the limb. K, cognatom Greene Pitt, iii, 115. Slender shrub 3-10 feet high: younger branches stifHy and densely setose-hispid, the 1-3 subaxillary spines short, riot very stout : leaves and the long and slender petioles vil- lous pubescent : flowers 3-5, at the ends of long and slender pendulous peduncles: calyx salver-form, the long cylindric tube villous-pubescent, twice the lengtn of the oblong segments, the whole white or pale flesh- color : petals spatulate-obovate, truncate or retuse, not equalling the calyx- lobes: ovaries glabrous, fruit not seen. Along the Umatilla river, near Pendleton, Oregon. ■.♦ ♦♦ ♦> Flowers small, dull-colored, fruit smooth. R. §rracile Michx. Fl. i. 111. Branches slender: subaxillary spines 1-3, leaves roundish, obtusely 3-lobed, crenately incised, entire at base, glab- rous : peduncles elongated. 1-3-flowcred ; lobes of the calyx ligulnte, twice or thrice longer than the short tube ; stamens long exserted hairy, longer than the hairy style : fruit black smooth. Brit Columbia to Ore- gon and the S. E. States. R. oxyacanthoides L. Pp. 201. Stems sometimes clothed with bristly prickles ; subaxillary spines 1-3, often united at the base : leaves roundieh, eubcordate 5-lobed, pubescent or nearly, glabrous, the lobes deeply toothed or crenate: peduncles very short 2-3-flowered; calyx tnbe cylindraceous, pubescent at the base within, the segments spreading, rather longer than the stamens, about twice the length of the obovate petals ; style cleft to the middle, hairy at base a little exceeding the sta- " mens. Along streams, eastern Oregon to California and N. E. States. R. dtvarlcatnm Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. vii, 515. Stems 2-12 feet 1BR8. rered. I, 2-ri ffft iry apiiu's J-toothi'(l, s; racemes pedict'lH ; be ; petals tie petals; jubescent. ubaxillary diameter, )othed, pu- bracts con- lear-obloiig i narrowly broadly r»b- je. In the ma erect or eter, villous -3-flowered, veral times thera small ahington, to feet high: subaxillary petioles vil- pendulous ■pubescent, pale tlesh- ng the calyx- river, near )th. ■y spines 1-3, t base, glab- yx liguhte, serted hairy, mbia to Ore- jlothed with base: leaves IS, the lobes i; calyx tube ts spreading, ■ the obovate eding the sta- States. RIBE8. CRAHSULACFwE. 811 tiigh, variously branched: subaxillary spines 1-3, usually stout and de- Hexed, leaves roundish, more or less cordate ,3-5-lobed, the lobes crenately incised; peduncles slender, usually M-flowered : bracts broad, scarious: lubes of the calyx ligiiliite about twice the length of the campanulate tube: stamens exserted; anthers small, oval; style about equalling the stamens and calyx, 2-par ted, hairy below; fruit small black. Brit. Columbia to California. Flowers large and showy. ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦«• R. fjObbil Gray Am. Nat. x, 274. Stems 2-6 feet high, much branched, subaxillary spines 3, usually unequal: leaves roundish, truncate or slightly cordate at base, more or less pubescent and glandular : peduncle almost filiform, 1-3-flowered ; bracts broad about equalling the short pedicels: calyx campanulate, pubescent, the dark red ligulate lobes about equalling the' tube, twice as long as the white truncate cuneate petals, strongly re- flexed; stamens long exserted, slightly unequal; anthers nearly orbicular: style about equalling the longest stamens : fruit 6-8 lines in diameter clensHly glandular hispid. Washington to California, west of the Cascade Range. R. Marshallll Greene Pitt, i, 31 (?). Stems 2-4 feet high; subaxillary spines 3; roundish, 3-6-lobed, crenately toothed, an inch or less in diam- eter, smooth not glandular; peduncles short, usually 1-flowered: bracts broadly lanceolate: calyx dark red, campanulate, 8-12 lines long, the lanceolate acute lobes much longer than the tube : petals oblong, rounded at the summit, 2-3 lines long, yellow : stamens and style exserted but shorter tljan the calyx-lobes; anthers oblong, obtuse at both ends, fruit large an inch long or more, covered with fleshy spines but not glandular. In forests in the Siskiyou Mountains. ••- -•- Anthers sagittate, mucronate-tipped. *♦ Bracts presistent. R. Menziesii Pursh. Fl. 732. Stems 5-10 feet high, branches strongly hispid or varying to glabrous : leaves deeply 3-cleft, the lobes coarsely in- cised, usually soft-pubescent beneath : pedicels slender, 1-2-flowered; bracts broadly ovate, acute; calyx 6-10 lines long, the lanceolate obtuse lobes twice as long as the campanulate tube : petals broadly cuneate, rounded at the summit ; stamens equalling the calyx, anthers lanceolate, a line long, style longer than the stamens; ovary densely glandular hispid. In the coast ranges. Southern Oregon to California. •♦<■ ** Bracts deciduous. K. ainictam Greene 1. c. 69. Stems 2-4 feet high, intricately branched : subaxillary spines 1-3, slender: leaves orbicular to oblong, less than an inch long, 3-5-lobed, the lobes crenately toothed: peduncle short, usually one-flowered; bract broadly ovate, longer than the very short pedicel, clasping the ovary when young : calyx 6-10 lines long, the lanceolate acute lobes but little longer than the narrow tube : fruit densely spinose. On dry rocky ridges, southwestern Oregon and adjacent California. Order XXXIII. CRASSULACEiE D. C. Fl. France, iv, 382. Succulent or fleshy herbs with simple leaves without stipules and usually cymose inflorescence. Sepals 4-5, raiely 3-20, imbricate in the bud, more or less united at base, persistent. Petals as many as sepals and alternate with them, not unguicu- late, imbr icate in the bud, inserted on the base of the calyx, sometimes united at base. Stamens as many as petals and II *. r i i^M^ ^ V' I*. i 212 CRASSULACEiE. TILLiEA. 8EUUM. alternate with them or twice as many, innerted with the petnlH or ad n ate to their base: filaments subulate or linear Hhfoim: anthers introrse. Ovarie> always equal in number to the petals and opposite to them with numerous, or rarely few, ovules in tM'o rows: carpels follicular in fruit, subulate with the persist ent style, usually many-seeded, opening by the inner suture. Seeds anatropous. with a membranaceous often loose testii. Emb)yo straight in the axil of thin fleshy albumen. 1. Tlllaea. Parts of the flowers 3-5. Small unnuals with opposite lenvofl ami minute axillary flowers. 8. 8edani. Parts of the flowers 4-7: stamens twice as many : petals dis- tinct. : 8. Cotyledon. united. Parts of the flower in five, stamens ten. Petals somewhat 1 TILLiEA Micheli Gen. t, 20. Small and sleniler somewhat succulent glabrous annual witii opposite entire leaves and minute axillary flowers. Sepals ami petals 3-4, distinct or united at base. Stamens as many ; carpels distinct: style short-subulate : ovules one to many. Seeds longi- tudinally striate. * TiLhMK PBOPKR. Flowers clustered: petals acuminate, liypog- ynous; scale minute or none : carpels l-2-8eeded, T. minima MiersTrav. Chil. ii, 630. Diffusely branched, 1-3 inclu>H high, erect or ascending: leaves ovate to oblong, connate at base, acute, alx>ut a line long : flowers in short leafy axillary panicles, nearly sessile or on pedicels a line or two long : sepals 4 scarcely half a line long, oblong- ovate, acute, a little exceeding the linear-lanceolate acuminate petals: carpels not longer, acute : seed usually solitary. On wet rocks etc., South- ern Oregon to California and Chile. * * Baltardia DC. Flowers solitary ; petals oval or oblong, hy- pogynous: scale linear: carpels, several-seeded. T. angastifolia Nutt. T. & G.Fl. i, 558. Branching from the base, 1-2 inches high, rooting; leaves linear, acute connate ; flowers axillary, usually solitary, on very short pedicels; segments of the calyx 4, ovate about naif the length of the ovate obtuse-petals, carpels broad o'ltuse many-seeded, styles none, seeds linear-oblong. On mutfdy flats, Washing- ton to California. 2 SEDUM L. Gen. n. 579. Herbs or rarely suffrutescent plants with alternate or scat- tered (rarely opposite or verticillate) leaves and flowers in cymes. Sepals usually 5, rarely 4 or 6-7, more or less united at base, usually turgid. Petals distinct, mostly spreading. Sta- mens twice the number of the petals. Carpels as many as the sepals, many-seeded, with an entire scale at the base of each. * Flowers mostly dioecious in a regular compact compound cyme, deep purple or becoming so, leaves flat, serrate. 8. Bhodiola DC. Fl. Franc, ed. 3, iv, 386. Stems simple, nearly erect, rom a thick perennial root 1-10 inches high, leafy: leaves alternate, oblong- KA. lUM. petftls hforni : 5 petals ntes in persist - suture. ) testa. ite leaves )etRl8 (lis omewhat unl with pals ami ' ; carpels* ds longi- , hypog- 1-3 inches ase, acute, sessile or oblong- te petals: tc, South- ong, hy- the base, axillary, 4, ovate oad o^'tuse Washing- te or scat- owers in united at ing. Sta- ny as the le of each. nd cyme, early erect, ate, oblong- SRDUM. CRA8SUL.\CB.E. 213 oblanceolate, acute rarely entire : 0-18 lines long : cyme sessile often an inch or two in diameter: flowers on short naked peuicels, usually 4-meroU8 sepals short, oblong : petals 1-2 lines long linear-oblong : carpels tHicoming li lines long shortly heal'id. In the high mountains Alaska to Califurnia. * ♦ Flowers perfect, decandrous; secund upon the branches of a forked cyme, mostly yellow: style filiform: leaves entire, very fleshy. ■*- Leaves broad and obtuse, narrowed toward the base: perennials. 8. spathallfollam Hook Fl. i, 227. Glabrous and sometimes mealy; stems ascending from a branched rooting caudex, 4-8 inches high, simple : leaves obovate or sjpatulate, 6-10 lines long : branches of the cyme approxi- mate : flowers on short pedicels or sessile, i lines long : petals yellow, lance- olate, acute, twice longer than the ovate acute sepals and scarcel> exceed- ing the stamens and style. On rocks, etc., Brit Columbia to California. Flowering in May. 8. Oreganam Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 659. Glabrous, not glaucous, leaves all scattered, cuneate, rounded at the summit: stems erect siuiple ; from u 'creeping branched caudex : cymes compound ; the flowers on very short pedicels, petals yellow linear-lanceolate, acuminate 3-4 times the length of the ovate-lanceulate acuminate sepals and altout twice the length of the stamens. On rocky banks along the Columbia river near the Cascades. 8. dlrergeiis Watson Proc. Am. Acad. j. vii, 372. Stems rather stout, 2-4 inches high from a creeping-branched caudex: leaves broadly ovate or obovate, sessile. 3-4 lines long : inflorescence close with short branches, flow- ers yellow, the lanceolate petals thrice longer than the triangular-ovate sepals and equalling the stamens : carpels united at base, widely divergent ai ove. Eastern slopes of the Cascade Mts. ')->i''C(<,^n » v- 8. debile Watson Bot. King v, 102. Stems weak, 2-4 inches high, from very slender running root stocks: leaves founded or obovate, 1-3 lines long: flowers on rather long pedicels in small cvmes, 3 lines long, yellow: petals lanceolate, acuminate, twice the length of the acute sepals and little exceeding the stamens and styles. iSoutheastern Oregon to Nevada and Utah. 8. dtvarlcatnm Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 372 Cespitose with slender branching rootstoik: the lower rosulate leaves oblanceolate or acutish, roughish on the margin, 6 lines long or less, flowering stems 2-8 inches high, dranches of the cymes once forked: flowers nearly sessile, bright yellow, with short lanceolate sepals and narrowly lanceolate, acumi- nate petals: carpels united at base strongly divergent above. Eastern tregon and Washington. •*- +- Leaves lanceolate to subulate, mostly acute. ■ - ♦<• Perennials. 8. Douglasii Hook. Fl. i, 228. Branching at base from a stout prolif- erous root-stock : the rather stout stems 6-10 inches high : leaves lanceolate or the lowest Unear-subulate 6-12 lines long, smooth on the margins, flat above, carinate beneath : flowers yellow, sessile, in an open cyme : petals 2-3 lines long, acuminate-lanceolate, twice the length of the ovate acumi- nate sepals and exceeding the stamens : carpels united at base, strongly divergent. Brit. Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Range. 8. nntflornm Stems rath 'i slender, branching at the base, from a short proliferous caudex, 4-8 inches iiigh, leaves lanceolatp; acuminate, flat above, carinate beneath, 4-8 lines long: stems 'earing numerous propagula and terminated by a single flower; petals lanceolate; sepals a Httle longer than the stamens. On rocks along the Willamette and. Columbia rivers neiar Portland. V, ■ t m Is'-"' Sii w . m CRAS>«ULACEiE. COTYLEDON. S. ciliosom. Stems branching from a short proliferous root-stock, 2-4 inches high : leaves lanceolate from a broad base, long acuminate, 6-10 lines long, ciliate on the margin or the cauline smooth : flowers yellow in small compact cymes, sessile : petals lanceolate, acuminate, a little longer than the stamens, twice as long as the ovate long-acuminate sepals: carpel* divergent above. On rocks in the Coast mountains near Roseburg, Oregon. S. stenopetalam Pursh. Fl. 324. Cespitose: stems erect from a decumbent oase, 2-4 inches high ; leaves lanceolate, closely sessile, 2-4 lines long, granular-puberulent : flowers vellow, crowded in close compound cymes, on short pedicels : petals lanceolate acute equalling or a little ex- ceeding the stamens, twice as long as the ovate sepals : carpels erect, tipped by the long divergent styles. On the higher ridges of Eastern Washington and Oregon to the Rocky Mountains. ■*-■*- Annuals. . S. pnmllnm Benth. PI. Hartw. 310. Slender, branching or single, 1-3 inches high: leaves ovate-oblong, a line or two long: flowers sessile, in sparingly branched cymes, yellow: calyx-lobes very small, triangular, acute ; petals linear, acute, 1-2 lines long, exceeding the stamens and style : follicles short, 1-seeded, the seed erect, filling the cvvity. On grav- elly soil Oregon Nutlall to California. COTYLEDON L. Gen. n. 578. .Herbs or soft-wood plants with thick fleshy entire leaves and often showy, mostly scarlet and yellow flowers in scorpioid cymes or long racemes. Calyx 5-parted, petals united into a 5-lobed pitcher-shaped or cylindrical corolla. Stamens 10 inserted on the corolla-tube : carpels distinct or rarely united at base, many- seeded beaked by ths subulate style. • • C. Oregonensis Watson Proc Am. Acad, xvi', 373. Stems ascending from a stout branched rooting caudex 6-8 inches high, the rosulate basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, 8-15 lines long, the cauline oblong-spatulate, (> lines long or less : peduncles ax'.llary along the upper part of the stem 6-12 lines long, bearing short simple or compound few-flowered racemes, pedi- cels 1-2 lines long, with small bractlets; sepals deltoid, a line long: petals pale yellow, united below the middle. 4 lines long ; stamens slightly shorter, carpels oblong, rounded at the top, apiculate with the slender style. East- ern base of the Cascade Mts. near Mt. Hood. C farinosa Baker Refug. Bot i, t. 71. Caulescent: more or less mealy-pulverulent: rosulate leaves rather flaccid, ascending, lanceolate, acuminate, the larger ones 2-4 inches long, very asute : flowering branches a span high or less with scattered broadly ovate to lanceolate clasping leaves : flowers in a rather close short compound cyme ; bracts ovate-lanceo- late, rather large ; pedicels stout, 1-3 lines long: sepals broadly lanceolate, about 3 lines long; petals yellow, oblong-lanceolate, mostly acuminate, 4-6 lines long; carpels ovate-oblong about three lines long. At the mouth of the Chetco River, Oregon and Southward along the Coast. Order XXXIV. DROSE R ACEiE S. F. Gray Arr. Brit. PL ii, 664. Herbs or rarely suffrutescent plants with alternate or crowded entire, usually viscid -glandular leavps without stipules and perfect flowers. Se als 5, persistent, equal, sometimes united at base; imbricate in the bud. Petals o, alternate with the sepals, marcescent, stamens distinct, usually as many as petals SDON. Stock, 2-4 6-10 lines in small riger than a: carpel* I, Oregon. ;t from a Bssile, 2-4 compound a little ex- •ect, tipped /■ashington single, I70 1 sessile, in triangular. imens ami On grav- eaves and ioid cymes a 5-lobc'd iserted on ise, many- is ascending )sulate basal •spat ul ate, 0 le stem t>-12 cemes, pedi- ong: petals itly shorter, tyle. East- ore or less , lanceolate, ing branches ate clasping ovate-lanceo- y lanceolate. \minate, 4-6 he mouth of .Pl.ii,6b4. or crowded ipules and mes united e with the ly as petals DROSKRA. CERATOPHYLLCM. CERATOPHYLLACE^. 215 and alternate with them, rarely 2 or 3 times as many, marces- cent; anthers extrorse or innate, the cells distinct or somewhat connivent above, opening down the sides or rarely by a termi- nal pore. Ovary composed of 2-5 united cai-pels: placenta parietal or filling the base of the cell. Styles 2-5, distinct or united at base, each 2-parted, or multifid and pencil-shaped, sometimes all united irito one. Capsule loculicidally 2-5-valved or indehiscent jnostly many-seeded. Seeds anatropous; the testa sometimes arilliform. Embryo short, at the base of car- tilaginous or fleshy albumen. 1 DROSERA L. Gen. n. 391 (►Sundew). Small herbs growing in sphagnous or sandy marshes, with the leaves all radical and furnished with numerous long glandular hairs, and small flowers on simple scapes. Stamens 5, styles 3-5, 2-parted with the divisions somewhat thickened toward tlie apex, or multifid. Capsule subglobose or ovoid, usually 3-valved at the top ; the valves placentiferous to the top. Seeds numer- ous, in 2-5 rows on each placenta. D. rotnndifolia L. Sp. i, 281. Leaves spreading, orbicular, ab- ruptly attenuate tea long hairy petiole: scapes 2-6 inches high,5-10-flo\v- ered : petals oblong, 2 lines lon>;, .1 little exceeding the oblong sepals : styles short, 2-parted : capsule includal in the calyx : seeds linear with a loose coat. In cold marshes Alaska to California, the Atlantic States and Europe. D. An gllca Hudson Fl. Ang], 135. Leaves ascending, oblong, attenuate into the slender naked petioles : scapes 3-10 inches iiigh, sometimes forked at the top, few-flowered : petals linear-oblanceolate 3-4 lines long nearly twice longer than the oblong sepals : capsule exceeding the calyx : seeds linear with a loose coat. In cold marshes Alaska to California, J?iberia and northern Europe. Order XXXV. CERATOPHYLLACE.E. N. Y. iv. 41. Grav, Ann. Lye. Perennial submerged aquatic herbs with cylindrical jointed stems and branches, verticillate, sessile, filliformly 2-3-choto- mous leaves without stipules, and sessile axillary-flowers. Flowers monoecious without perianth but surrounded by a persistent 8- 12-cleft involucre; anthers numerous sessile , fleshy, 2-3-cu8pidate at top, ovary solitary, 1-celled, with a pendulous orthotropous ovule; achene beaked by the slender persistent style, seeds with membranous transparent testa and no albumen; radicle inferior very short; the cotyledons thick and oval, the highly developed plumule consisting of several nodes and leaves. 1 CERATOPHYLLUM L. Gwrtn Fr. t. 44. Characters as of the order. , . "^ C. demersnm L. Sp. 1409. Stems very slender, a foot or two long, r I: ii ] I ■'i i :.m 216 LYI'HRACE.E. AMMAiVNIA. smooth or nearly so: leaves in numerous whorls of 6-8, the filiform o. linear segments acute, more or less aculeate-dentate, hi to one inch lonjr. achene 2 lines long or more, elliptical, somewhat compressed, shortly stipi- tate, with a short spine or tubercle on each side near the base, not mar- gined : style as long as the achenes. Washington to California, the East- ern States and Europe. Order XXXVI. LYTHRACEiE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 1,S4. Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, with usually 4-sided branches opposite, rarely a'teruate, entire leaves without stipules and flowers in the axils or in terminal racemes. Sepals combined into a 4 -7-toothed or lobed calyx ; the lobes valvate or distant in the bud ; the sinuses sometimes produced into accessory lobes or processes. Petals alternate with the proper lobes of the calyx and inserted on its throat, deciduous, sometimes wanting. Stamens inserted into the tube of the calyx below the petals, equal to them in number, or 2-4 times as many, rarely fewer: anthers short, introrse. Ovary enclosed in but free from the calyx, 2-4-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; the placentae in the axis : style filiform, sometimes short or almost none : stigma usually capitate Capsule mem- branaceous, surrounded by the calyx, often one-celled by the obliteration of the partitions, dehiscent either longitudinally or irregularly. Seeds numerous and small, rarely few and large, anatropous, without albumen. Cotelydons flat and foliaceous. 1. Ammannia. Calyx barely 4-angled, short : stamens 4 or 8 : capsule globular. 2* Lythrnm. Calyx striate, cylindrical: petals usually 6: stamens as many or twice as many: capsule oblong or cylindrical. • AMMANNIA Houst. L. Gen. n. 155. Herbs with square stems, opposite entire leaves and axillary bracteolate flowers. Calyx more or less carnpanulate, 4-5-toothe'l or lobed, the sinuses usually expanding into spreading accessory teeth or horns. Petals as many as lobes of the calyx or want- ing. Stamens as many or twice as many as lobes of the calyx: Ovary 2-4-celled: style short or rather long: stigma capitate, cap- sule globose or ovoid, included in the calyx, either bursting trans- versely or opening by valves. Seeds numerous, attached to thick central placentae. A. latifolla L. Sp. 115. Stems erect, branching, 6-24 inches high; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, dilated and obtusely cordate-auriculate at base, closely sessile, 2-:-{ inches long: flowers 1-5 in each axil, somewhat t)edunculate, at least when solitary : calyx 4-angled or pleated, with 4 short obes and as many small spreading horn-like processes : petals 4. caducous; stamens 4 ; style more than half as long as the capsule : capsule 4-celled. Wet places along the Columbia River and the Eastern States. A. humilis Michx. Fl. i, 99. Stems ascending, 2-10 inches high, branching from the base: leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, taper- ing below to a short petiole or sessile : flowers sessile or 2-3 in the lower axils; calyx 4-angled with 4 short lobes and as many small spreading pro- \NNIA. filiform <■. inch loiii^ . lortly stipi- , not miir- i, the East- d. 2, 1S4. branches pules and combined or distant accessory Br lobes of sometimes lyx below J as many, sed in but ovules in sometimes >sule mem- Ued by the ;,udinally or and large, oliaceous. or 8: capsule 6: stamens md axillary 4_5.toothe«l ng accessory lyx or waut- >f the calyx: apitate, cap- rsting trans- ihed to thick inches high: [e-auriculate at ixil, somewhat ;«1, with 4 short Lis 4. caducous; fapsule 4-celled. les. inches high, obtuse, taper- 2-3 in the lower spreading pro- LYTHBUM. HIPPUKI8. HALORAGE/E. 217 cesses ; petals 4, caducous ; stamens 4 ; style very short or none ; capsule 4-celled. On wet banks, along the Columbia River and the Eastern States. 2 LYTHRDM Juss. Gen. 132. Herbs, rarely sufFrutescent plants, with opposite or scat- tered entire leaves and purplish or white flowers. Calyx cylin- drical, striate, with 4-6 short lobes and usually as many inter- mediate teeth or processes. Petals 4-6. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, inserted on the tube of the calyx. Style filiform: stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, 2celled, many- seeded, enclosed in the calyx-tube. L. adsnrgens Greene Pitt, ii, 12. Stems I- i feet long, from a stoloni* ferous perennial base, stoiitish but tough and flexible, 5-angled, decumbent or nearly prostrate, herbage pallid and glabrous : leaves scattered, linear, sessile : calyx 2-3 lines long the small lobes subulate, the intermediate processes broad and mucronulate : petals pale purple, but little exceeding the calyx-lobes. In wet or springy places, Puget Sound to California. Order XXXVII. HALORAGE.E Endl. Gen. 1155. Herbs or suflfruticose plants growing in water or wet places with various leaves and small nxillary sessile perfect, rarely monoecious or dioecious flowers. Limb of tl 3 calj'x 3-4-lobcd or entire, sometimes wanting. Petals 3-4 small or wanting. Sta- mens as many or twice as many as the lobes of the calyx, some- times fewer, inserted with the petals into the summit of the calyx. Ovary coherent with the calyx, 1-4-celled, with a solitary pendulous ovule in each cell. Styles 1-4 or none : stigmas as many as cells of the ovary, distinct. Fruit dry and indehiscent. Seeds anatropous with a straight embryo and thin fleshy albu- men. * Stamens one. 1. Hlppnris. Ovary 2-celled : leaves verticillate, linear or oblong, entire. 2. Callitriche. Ovary 4-celled: leaves opposite, linear or spatulate, entire. * * Stamens 6-8. S. Myriophyllnm. Ovary 4-celled : leaves verticillate subverfcillate or scattered, the emersed entire toothed or pectinate, the submerged pin- natifid. 1 HIPPURIS. L. Gen. n. 11. Aquatic perennial herbs with simple stems, verticillate entire leaves and minute axillary flowers. Flowers perfect, or by abortion sometimes neutral or pistillate. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary, the limb minute, entire. Petals none. Stamen one, inserted on the margin of the calyx. Style filiform, stig' matic its whole length and lying in a groove of the stamen. Fruit 1 -celled, 4-seeded. H. vulgaris L. Sp. i, 4. Stems erect, 10-20 inches high, rather stout: leaves in whorls of 6-12, linear, 8-12 lines long or more, one-nerved: )»■ \h'. r Hi 218 HALORAGEiE. CALLITRICHE. stamen with, large thick filament and rather large 2-ceUed anther : fruit oval or somewhat 4-8ided, 2-3 lines long; stigma persistent. In ponds iiini marshes, Alaska to California, the Eastern 8tates and Europe. Var flnviatUts Hart. Larger; leaves 2-3 inches long, grass-like, in closely rrowded whorls Oregon to Canada and Sweden. H. tetraphylluiii L. f Suppl. 81. Stems 10-12 inches high, leaves in whorls of 4 or G, oval to obovate, often feather-veined ; fruit less than 2 lines long. Alaska, perhaps northern Washington. H. montaiiu Ledeb. Reichenb. Incon, Bot, i, 71. Stems 2-4 inches lii;;h; leaves 1-nerved, linear mucronate, in whorls of 5-6, 4-6 lines long : flowers often moncBcious : fruit almost oval, a line or more long, minutely granu- late. In wet turfy placea, Alaska to Washington. 2 CALLITKICHE L. Gen. n. 13. Small, mostly aquatic, herbs with opposite entire leaves with- out stipules and small axillary monoecious flowers without pet- als. Calyx adherent to the ovary the limb very short or obso- lete. Petals none. Stamen one with siender filament and cor- date 4-celled anther. Ovary 4-celled, with 2 filiform styles. Fruit 4-celled, flattened and emarginate, 4-seeded, indehiscent, the cells separating at maturity into 1-seeded nutlets. * Emersed leaves obovate-spatulate, 3-nerved, the submersed linear, (all uniform and narrow m terrestrial forms) : carpels connate. •♦- Fruit pedicillate, wing-margined; bract 3 none C. marginata Torr Pacif R. Rep. iv, 135. Stems slender, branch- ing, rooting in the mud growing in water : submersed leaves linear, 1- nerved, running gradually into the emersed oblanceolate or spatulate 3- nerved ones, or the terrestrial form with linear spatulate 3-nerved leaves 4-6 lines long : peduncles about two-thirds as long as the leaves, spread- ing or reflexed : styles as long or shorter than the fruit reflexed deciduous : fruit broader than long with conspicuous membranaceous wings and di- vergent lobes. From Arizona and California to The Dalles, Oregon. C. sepnlta Watson Proo. Am. Acad, xiv, 298. Terrestrial, prostrate and rooting in the mud : the numerous narrowly linear leaves 2-3 lines long : fruit broader than long emarginate at both ends, the thick carpels with acute diverjjent margins, on stout pedicels 1-3 lines long soon de- flexed and buried m the soil : stigmas elongated, reflexed, soon deciduous, Oregon. (Hall 1S71.) C. verna L. Sp. i, 2. Perennial, with elongated stems and floating rosulate obovate often emarginate leaves which are more or less narrowly petioled the submerged ones from spatulate to linear: sometimes terres- trial and rooting with short linear leaves : bracts often longer than the fruit rarely wanting : stigmas erect or spreading, usually shorter than the fruit, deciduous: fruit oblong Hat on the face mostly with a small apical notch and narrow apical wings the grooves between the lobes deep. Com- mon from Alaska to California, the Eastern States and Europe, Asia and I S. America. €. heterophylla Pursh. Perennial with elongated stems and obovate I floating leaves, the submerged ones linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, 4-8 lines long, sometimes terrestrial and rooting, with short linear leaves; stigmas longer than the fruit persistent : fruit obovate, broader than long, with a deep broad notch at the apex, thick, almost ventricose near the j base, the lobes obtusely angled, with a small groove between them, wing-l BICHE. MYRIOPHYLLUM. HALORAGEiE. 2.19 ther: frtiit ponds and 189-like, ill h, leaves in le88 than 2 Inches liijih, ong : flowiTs itely graiiu- eaves with- dthout pet- rt or ob!«o- 3nt and cor- brm styles. indehiBcent, submersed els connate. nder, branch- ivea linear, 1- or spatulate 3- nerved leaves .eaves, spread- ted deciduous : wings and di- Oregon. ,rial, prostrate eaves 2-3 lines thick carpels s long soon de- )oon deciduous. c and floating )r less narrowly aetimes terres- %iger than the lorter than the a small apical lee deep. Com- irope, Asia and le."s or with a narrow wing or raised border on the upper margin. Oregon to ( 'olorado and the Eastern States. {'. Bolunderl Hogelm. Verhandl. Bot. Verein Brandenh. x, 116. Stems sitoiit, elongated, floating: leaves rhombic-obovate, the submerged one.s lini'iir: stigmas twice as long as the fruit persistent or sub-persistent : fruit orbicular or slightly obcordate, with obtuse closely approximate mar- gins, the lobes scarcely winged. Brit Columbia to California. * * Submersed perennials with numerous uniform 1-nerved leaves : flowers without bracts: carpels separated nearly to the axis. C. antumiialis L. 1. c. Stems very slender, 2-10 inches long: leaves linear truncate or retuse at the apex : fruit sessile, round, deeply notched, nearly a line in diameter, the margins thin or at length winged : stigma lonj:, refiexed, caducous. Eastern Oregon to California, the Eastern States, Europe and Asia. 3 MYRIOPHYLLUM L. Gen. n. 10, 66. A(iuatic usually submersed perennial plants, the upper part emorsed while flowering, with verticillate, sometimes opposite or alternate leaves, the submersed ones pinnately parted with cap- illary or filiform segments, and sessile flowers in the axils of the upper leaves (which are frequently reduced to bracts) bibracteo- late the uppermost usually staminate, the lower fertile the in- termediate often perfect. Flowers monoecious or frequently perfect. Calyx 4-parted in the sterile flowers, 4-toothed in the pistillate and perfect ones. Petals 4, frequently incon- spicuous or wanting. Stamens 4 or 8. Ovary 4-celled : stigmas oblong or linear, often compressed, penlcillate, or papillose along the inner surface, recurved. Fruit of 4 indehiscent nut-like carpels cohering by their inner angles and enclosed in the ad- herent tube of the calyx, apiculate with the base of the stigma. * cjtapiens 8, petals caducous carpels not ridged on the back: leaves verticillate M. spicatum L. Sp. 992. Stems very long and slender, branching: [leaves tornateiy verticillate. submerged all pinnately parted with capillary eegments, emerged leaves bract-like, shorter than the flowers, ovate, entire, I the lowermost larger and serrate: bracteoles triangular-ovate, about half Ithe length of the bracts: lobes of the calyx somewhat obtuse: petals jbrnadly jvate: anthers oblong : stigma short, pubescent along the inner jside : carpels smooth and even. Deep ponds, Washington to California land the Eastern States. M. Yerticillatum L. Sp. 992. Stem stout: leaves ternately verticil- llate, the lower ones pinnately parted with capillary or setaceous seg- |ment8, floral leaves pectinate-pinnaiifld, commonly much longer than the flowers: bracteoles minute: lobes of the calyx nearly lanceolate, acute, ninutely serrulate : petals oblonj<-obovate : anthers oblong, stigmas Binear-oblong, at length woolly: carpels smooth and even. Oregon, ^Htlall (not since reported) and the Eastern States. * * wtamens 3 : petals somewhat persistent : carpels 1-2 ridged on the back. Mt hippuroides Nntt. T «& G Fl. i, 530 Leaves quaternately verticil- ^te, the lower ones pinnately parted, with capillary segments ; floral leaves near, remotely denticulate or serrate ; petals obovate, carpels nearly 2- [idged on the back. In ponds, Washington to northern California. v*^ % A ' i f II? mi' 220 ONAGRACE^. M. plnnatnm Walt. Leaves in whorls of 3's and 5's, sometimes scattered, the floral' linear, pectinate toothed, or cut serrate, the tueth comparatively few, 5-12 lines long, gradually changing into the Hub- merged which are in crowded verticels, the capillary pinnae sparse; spikes 3-6 inches long : petals purplish, somewhat persistent, stamens 4, very rarely 6: mature fruit about I line long: carpels strongly 2-keele(l. Order XXXVIII. ON AG RACEiE. Dumort. Anal. Fam.xxxvi.35, Herbaceous or sometimes shrubby plants with entire or toothed leaves, with flowers in the axils or in terminal spikes or racemes. Sepals united into a tubular calyx, the limb 4- parted rarely more or less ; valvate in the bud. Petals usually as many as Ihe lobes of the calyx, and attenuate with them, inserted on the summit of tlie tube : twisted in the bud, some- times wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as the lobes of the calyx, rarely half as many, inserted with the petals, fila- ments distinct; ovary coherent with the tube of the calyx, 2-4- ('or by abortion) 1-2-celled. placenta in the axis, style elon- gated or filiform ; stigma capitate or 4-lobed, fruit capsular with mostly loculicidal dehiscence, or dry and indehiscent, rarely baccate. Seeds indefinite or solitary in each cell, ana- tropous without albumen ; embryo straight. Tribe I. JussiEiE. Limb of the calyx divided quite down to the ovary and persistent on a many-seeded capsule. Seeds naked. !• Lndwlgfa. Petals 4 or none. Stamens 4. Capsules short. Tribe II. Onagre^. Limb of the free tube of the calyx, when there is any, deciduous from the ovary or capsule. Cap- sule loculicidal, few to many see»led. Parts of the flowers in fours. * Seeds comose at the apex ; stamens 8, lower leaves often opposite. 2. Epilobinm. Calyx 4-parted nearly down to the ovary or with a| short and campanulate tube beyond it. * * Seeds not comose : leaves all alternate. •*- Anthers attached near the middle and versatile. Petals gen- erally yellow or white. 8. Gayophytum. Calyx-tube not produced beyond the o trary ; this and| the membranous capsule only 2-celled. ■n- stamens all of equal length. = Stigma deeply 4-cleft, its segments linear. 4. Onagrra* Ovules and seeds horizontal, inserted in 2 or rarely in ser-j eral rows, prismatic-angled. 6. (Enothera. Ovules and seeds ascending in one row; not angl flower-buds erect : flowers yellow. 6. Anogfra. Ovules and seeds ascending, not angled, in two row8;| flower-buds drooping, flowers pink or white. LUDWIQIA. ONAGRAOEiE. 221 , Bometimes ;e, the teeth ito the Hub- innse sparae; b, stamens 4, y 2-keelewn )sule. ^eeds ihort. of the calyx, psule. Cup- he flowers in jften opposite, ivary or with a I . Petals gen- »^ary; this ai r. or rarely in sev-j iw; not ang I, in two rowail = = Stigma entire or rarely 4-toothed : ovaries and capsule sessile or nearly so. 7. Taraxia. Stigma capitate : calyx-tube longer than the ovary, usually adherent to the style. 8. Sphierostlgma. Stigma capitate: calyx-tube campanulate, shorter than the ovary. = = = iHtlgma capitate, ovules and capsule long-stalked. 9. Chylisinla. Calyx-tube somewhat funnel-form, many times shorter than the ovary. *+ ♦♦• Flowers irregular : the alternate stamens longer. 10. Pachylophns. Plants normally acaulescent: ovules and seeds few, sessile : seeds with a deep furrow along the raphe. •»- ■*- Anthers attached at or near the base, remaining erect; those opposite the petals much shorter or sterile, rarely wanting ; petals never yellow. 11. Godetla. Calyx-tube above the ovary obconical, its lobes reflexed. Petals sessile, entire, rarely 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous. Seeds nu- merous angled or margined. 12. Boisda valla.. Calyx-tube above the ovary obconical, its lobes erect. Petals sessile, 2-lobed. Capsule membranaceous, the cells few-seeded, seeds smooth. 13. Clarkia. Calyx-tube abov*j the ovary obconical ; its lobe^J reflexed. Petals with claws either lobod or entire : the stamens opposite them often sterile. Capsule coriaceous. Tribe III. GAURiNEiTj. Limb or produced tube of the calyx deciduous Irom the dry and indehiscent 1-4-seeded fruit. Parts of the flowers in 4's or rarely H's. Leaves alternate. 14. Oaara. Stamens 8, all perfect. Anthers attached by the middle, versatile. 15. Heteroganra. Fertile stamens 4 with anthers attached at the base, sterile stamens 4 opposite the petals. Tribe IV. CiRCiEEii!:. Limb of the calyx deciduous from the indehiscent burr-like 1-2-seeded fruit. Parts of the flowers in 2's throughout. Leaves opposite. 16. Circsea* Small perennial herbs with opposite petioled leaves. LUDWIGIA L. Gen. n. 153. Calyx-tube not produced beyond the short ovary, the 4 lobes usually persistent. Petals 4 often small or wanting. Stamens filaments bhort. Capsule short or cylindrical, many-seeded, ■valved, dehiscent septicidally or by openings at the summit. Peeds minute. Aquatic or marsh perennials ; leaves entire (op- posite in one species) ; flowers axillary, mostly solitary and essile. L. palnstris Ell. i, 211. Stems creeping and rooting in t' u mud or loating, 4-12 inches long or more: leaves all opposite, ovate or oval, 6-12 Tiies long tapering to a short petiole acute : flowers solitary, sessile : petals bone or short and reddish : capsule short-oblong 2 lines long or less some- 222 ONAGRaw^.:::. KPILOHICM. P! ' what angled. Western Washington and Oregon to California, in the Eastern States and Europe. 2 EPILOBIUM L. Gen. n. 471. Perennial or annual herbs, with nearly sessile, denticulate or en- tire, often fascicled leaves, and rose-colorod, purple or white, vny rarely yellow, Howers in panicles or racemes. Tube of the «'al yx not conspicuously prolonged beyond the ovary; the limb deuidy 4-cleft; campanulate or funnel-form or 4-parted to the base, the lobes spreading deciduous. Petals 4, spreading or somcwliat erect. Stamens 8 the 4 alternate ones shorter; anthers ellipti- cal or roundish, fixed near the middle. Stigma oblong, clav;^te or with four spreading or revolute lobes ; capsule linear, 4-si(li(l, 4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds numerous, ascending, the summit tiii- nished with a coma or tuft of long hairs. § 1. Cham.'enerion. Calyx cleft almost to the ovary. Cor- olla slightly irregular. Petals widely expanded. Stamens in- serted in a single series ; the filaments dilated below. Style at first recurved. Stigma with four ultimately divergent lolx's. Capsule mostly linear-fusiform, many-seeded. Seeds fusifoira, beakless, not papillate in one species. Cespitose nerennials from a stout caudex, bearing sessile scaly winter buds Yith terete stems and ample leaves. E. spicatam Lam. FI. France 1077. SteniH erect, 2-6 feet high, sub- simple, glabrate below : leaves lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, 4-8 ine-hes long,on very short petioles, thin pinnately veined, with the evident lateral veins confluent in submarginal loops: infloresence elongated; racemes with small bracts ; young flower buds soon reflexed, but again spreading or ascending before expansion : petals 5-7 lines long, style exceeding the stamens, hairy at base; capsule 2-3 inches long; seeds less than a line long, with very long dingy coma, Alaska to California, the Eastern Staten, Europe and Asia. E. latifolinni. L. sp. 347. A span to afoot or more high, frequently branched, mostly glabrate below; leaves 1-2 inches long; usually oppo- site and connected below on the branches and rarely on the main stem; lanceolate to ovate, acute at both ends, entire or t-paringly and minutely denticiWate, scarcely petioled, rather coriaceous, the mostly free lateral veins inconspicuous : inflorescence usually short and few-flowered, leafy throughout, the buds not reflexed ; petals 8-15 lines long, rather narrow, styles shorter than the stamens, glabrous; seeds a line long or more. Damp places Arctic America to N. E. Oregon and N. E. states, Asia and the Himalayas. § 2. Lysimachion. Calyx with an evident though usually short tube mostly somewhat hairy within. Corolla regular, the petals deeply notched or obcordate ; usually not expanding be- yond funnelforra. Stamens inserted in two more or less dis- tinct whorls ; thot^e opposite the sepals longer and more deejily inserted. Style not declined mostly glabrous. * * Stigma 4-cleft: seeds beaklees. Perennials with rather slender candex and usually terete steins. .OHIl'M. lift, in 'lie ilateonn- yrhite, vny ■ the ''alyx ,mb deeply le base, llio somewhat ers ellipti- »ng, clav;-te ar, 4-_i*i■ Leaves rather broad; flowers large, rose-purple; style shorter than the petals. E. rigidam HaussKn. Bot. Zeitschr. xxix, 51. Stems decumbent, 4-8 inches long, glabrous and rather glossy at base, glandular-pubescent above : leaves 8-16 lines long, the upper more or less attenuate, lanceolate to nearly obovate, acute, entire, cuneately narrowed into short winged petioles, glabrous and very glaucous, firm with mostly inconspicuous lateral veins : flowers rather few in the axils of the reduced upper leaves which are often adnate to the base of the peduncles; ovary more or less densely white pubescent; calyx clef t nearly to the ba^e; petals 7-10 lines long; stigma very large, its surface jjilose-papillate ; seed smooth. Eastern base of the Coast range, Josephine Co , Oregon. Var. canescens. Trel. Sp. Epilob.83. Densely velvety-caneacent through- out. With the type. *♦ *♦ Leaves relatively narrow, flowers rather small ; cream -colored, style exserted; seeds nearly obconical, closely low- papillate. E. suffruticosum Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 488. Stems woody and intricately much branched at base, a span high, minutely canescent throughout or at lenfrth {flabrate below: leaves numerous;, less than 10 lines long, mainly opposite, broadly lanceolate, acutish, entire, narrowed below but hardly petioled, thick, with inconspicuous veins : flov, ers rather few, in the axils of the scarcely reduced upper leaves ; calyx-tube broadly funnel-form; petals 3-4 lines long; capsule an inch long, short-stalked: seeds a line or more long; coma long and very dingy. Oregon to northwest Montana and the Yellowstone Park. * * Stigma more or less 4-cleft in the larger flowers, usually sub- entire in the smaller; capsule prominently ribbed, rather short and few-seeded; seeds beakless, very broad and bl int, usually abruptly contracted above the base, areolate or low-papillate ; coma pale, fall- ing easily : mostly slender annuals with terete stems, more or loss glandular-pubescent above, and rather firm veinless leaves. £• panicnlatuni Nutt. I. c. 490. Stems rather slender, 1-4 feet high, I loosely dichotomously branched, mostly white glabrate belov.- : leaves 1-2 inches long, chiefly alternate and fascicled in the axils, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, often folded along the midrib, acute, rather sparingly denticulate, tapering to a slender winged petiole, gradually passing into the smaller bracts above : flowers rather remote towards the ends of the ascending branches, erect : the bracts often carried up on the peduncle ; : i I 824 ONAGRACEiE. KPILOBICM. calyx-tube very narrowly funnel-form, 1-2 lines long; patils aV)Out 4 lint'.^ lon^, violet; capsule fuai't'orm, falcate, ascending about 10 lines long; see Is a line long, low-papillate. Brit. Columbia to California, and the Rocky Mts. E. Jacnndam Gray Proc. Am. Acad, xii, 67. Stems erect, 2-i foet high, diffusely ^aniculately branched: leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sparingly denticulate: 1-2 inches l<)ng, narrowed below to ii distinct petiole : flowers somewhat fasciculate at the end of the brandies; tube of the calyx linear, dilated at the top, 6 lines long; petals obcordate 6 lines long or more; capsule somewhat clavate. Dry prairies, eastern Washington to northern California. E. HaniinoiKll. Htemsslenderand flexuous, 1-3 feet high, paniculatoly branched above, glabrate and whitish below : leaves linear, 1-2 inches loni^ : flowers larger, borne towards the ends of the branches, erect: calyx tulie 6-8 lines long, almost filiform below ; petals obcordate, 6 lines long or more, bright purple : capsule lanceolate to somewhat clavate about an inch hm^, ascending. On ary rocky slopes, Southwestern Oregon, blooming in August and September. E. mtiintam Lindl. Hook. Fl. I. 207. Stems slender, a span or two high, simple or mostly with ascending branches throughout, crisp-pubes- cent below: leaves 6-10 lines long, usually alternate, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or the lowest spatulate, acutish, undulate, cuneately narrowed to a slender winged petiole; flowers rather numerous, erect; calyx tulw broadly funnel-form, short; petals t-2 lines long; capsules about one inch long, narrowed to the base, on short pedicles; seeds less than a line long, reticulated or low papillate. Brit Columbia to California. • * * Stigma clavate, entire or slightly notched: coma of seeds . mostly persistent. Plants of various habit; perennial by rhizomes, stolons, turions, etc. (Exceptions are E. exaltatum and E. Oreganum, both of which have conspicuously 4-lobed stigmas.) •«- Spreading by filiform remotely scaly subterranean shoots which end in ovoid winter bulblets with fleshy scales: capsule many-seeded: seeds more or less papillate mostly fusiform with conspicuous trans- lucent beak at insertion of coma. E. palastre L Sp. 348. Quite canescent above, with incurved hairs; leaves 1-2 inches long, narrowly oblong or rarely lanceolate, obtuse or almost truncate, gradually narrowed to a sessile base : fruiting peduncle often long and slender; flowers few, mostly noddints at first; seed fusiform with prominent scarcely narrowed translucent pointi Swamps and wet places, Alaska to Oregon and the N. E. states. ■«- ■*- Producing at base of stem in late summer and autumn ro- settes of foliage; leaves not revolute, more or less toothed: seeds papillate. ■♦♦ Habit of E. palustre : stems terete or with occasional low deciir- rent lines : seeds fusiform, prominently beaked. E. Uavaricnm Fischer. A span or two high, mostly simple, the very slender stems sparingly incurved-pubescent, otherwise glaorous; roots densely fascicled : leaves less than 8 lines long, somewhat crowded at base. alternate and remote above, linear or oblong, obtuse, remotely denticu- late, sessile, 1-nerved: flowers pale, not very numerous, nodding: capsule erect, 20 lines long, on long slender peduncles; seeds less than a line long; coma white. Bogs Alaska to Washington and east to the Selkirk range. ♦♦ -n. Coarser branched plants of the habit of E. coloratiim : stems with rather prominent ridges decurrent from some of the leaves; RPILOBIUM. ONAGHACEiE. 225 leaves uflually ample, commonly toothed, with evident laternl vein>lunt above; coma dingy. Alaska and Brit. Columbia, perhu)).'< Washington. E. brevlstyloiii Rarbey. Bot. Cal. i, 220. Slender pubescent, leaves BCarcely 2 incliea long, ovate or elliptical. loDsely and uniformly diHtril)- uted along the stem, the uppermost reduced and surpassed by tne noaiiy glabrous capaule ; seeds slightly tapering upwards, coarsely hyaline-papii- late, f^prmgs etc , Washincton to California. E. urRlnniii S. R. Parish. A span to a foot high, slender: both leaves and sienis below pilose with rather remote and spreading lun^ white hairs; the inttoresence minutely glandular-pubescent: leaves an inch long or less, rather uniformly and in larger plants remotely distrili- uted, ovate, broadly lanceolate, the upper subacute and serrate, the lower blunter and finely denticulate or nearly entire, very abruptly rounded tu the sessile base, fluwers few, erect or somewhat nodding; petals white or lavender, 2-3 lines long: capsules ascending 15 lines long on very HJeiidei peduncles of more than half their length, soon glabrous; seeds often vcrv rough, short beaked: coma rather scant, white. 8an Bernardino county, California to Washington. Var. sabfalcutani Trel. I.e. 101. Lower but often branched below,al most without decurrent lines, densely tomentose or pilose to the glandular shorter inflorescence ; leaves narrower sometimes falcate, entire or remotely and inconspicuously denticulate, mostly^obtuse, more cuneateat base, more tomentose with inconspicuous lateral veins; capsule at first very short stalked. California to Southern Oregon. £. Halleanuin Hausskn. Monog Epilob. 261 Tall and slender, glan- dular-puberulent throughout or soon glabrous below. leaves remote, mcstly ascenaing 10-15 lines long ovate to oblong-lanceolate, the lower obtuse", decidedly undulate-serrulate, abruptly sessile or some of them clasping, decurrent by the broad base; flowers and capsules ultimately rather remote in the upper axils; petals 2-3 lines long, pale to mostly rather deep violet; capsule almost 2 inches long on slender peduncles of nearly equal length, exceeding the subtending leaves : seeds sometimes smooth, usually very finely papillate, fusiform, blunt at base, with gradually nar- rowed pale apex and hyaline beak ; coma scarcely dingy. Vancouver Island to Oregon. *t Leaves rather small with less conspicuous lateral veins evidently Eetioled; stems terete but sometimes pubescent in lines. Mucli- ranched small plants, with the rather spreading leaves therefore mainlv attenuate. E. leptocarpnm Hausskn. I.e. 258. A span or less high, glabrous e^.ept for some incurved pubescence on the stem: leaves less than 10 linet loint broadly lanceolate, sparingly low-toothed, tapering from near t'le middU' to the obtuse or suoacute apex and winged petiole ; flowers abundant RPII.ORIVM. ONAORACEiE. 997 (or tlif ^i/f of tUe plant; ('alj'x-tul)t' nnrri)w; {MitalH alM)Ut 2 linefl lonjr. rosy calculi's 10 lin»«M lon^.oii very nU-mler pi'dum^lcH of m-arly tHiual Icniftli ; Hit' l-i nearly t 'ipnoiilal Hhorllv hvalino-luuiki'd ; oomaat ItinitncitUKunoii- (Mili)rt'tl. Ort'Koii Jlall No. 188.) ' Var.({^ MiioiMiniiTrel.l <•. 105 I.oHsl»ranclie(l,t'riHj)-piilH'Hnent in lint's. tht' Hiiiiii' i'lilwHcenri' mun' or K'mh al)nn(lant alno on tlio (lowtM'H and »'upMiiK'H; leaves uiorH ovate; seeds longer; conui paler. W'aHliinKton to Atlial»aHca. -^ -t- +- + Frodiicinj? Bubtemiiiciin Hcaly hrancheH which iilti- iiiatoly turn upwardfi and UHually develoi» at once into leafy Hhoot**. 4» Glabrous andKlnucouH; stems terete slender rather tall except in tiie variety usually somewhat ccNpitosej leaves moctly simple and oppo- nite, Hubsessile with faint lateral veins; flowers erect or suberect; seeds obovoid; scarcely beaked, coarsely papillate. E. irlaberrininni Rarbey. Hot. Cal. i, 220. Almut a foot hi};h, simple or nearly 8>»; leaves erect or ascending, often remote, an inch long, all but the lowest lanceolate, rather obtuse, entire to slightly repand, narrowed to the sometimes subpetioled base : petals purple to nearly white, 2-4 lines long: capsule 3 inches long, linear, falcate; seeds very rough with blunt fa]iill»3, abruptly rouuiled to the short insertion of the barely dingy coma, n high mountains Washington to California. Var. latifolluiii Barbey I. c. Rather firmer stemmed and more branched; sometimes dwarf ; leaves more divergent scarcely an inch long; broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly subcordately contracted to the very shori base. Oregon to California and tVi mountains of Utah. ■M- -.♦ Puberr.lent at least in lines; seeds more fusiform, usually somewhat beaked above. s= >^eed8 papillate. E. Oreprannm Greene Pitt, i, 225. Two to four feet high, stout sim- Ele or sparingly branched with ascending branches, glabrate and glaucous elow. glanclular-pubernlent above: leaves ascending 2-3 inches long, lanceolate obtuse, closely denticulate, cuneately subsessile or abruptly rounded to short winged petioles ; flowers rather numerous, erect in the axils of the reduced upper leaves; calyx-tube 1-2 lines long, narrowly funnel-form, petals violet 4-0 lines long, pubescent near the apex and on the outside of the four divergent stigmatic lobes; capsule nearly erect 20 lines long, usually subsessile; seeds oblong, fusiform, oV)liquely pointed at base and very shortly pellucid-beaked; coma white. In running water Spring Hill, Grant's Pass, Oregon. E. Hornemannl Reichenb. Incon. Cirt. ii. 73. Mostly a span or two high ; ascending, simple, somewhat crisp-hairy in the inflorescence and along the decurrent lines or slightly grandular at top, otherwise glabrate: leaves about an inch long, elliptical ovate, mostly very obtuse, nearly entire to remotely serrulate, the lower cuneately narrowed, the upper usually abruptly rounded to the short petioles : flowers rather few, nearly erect ; petals 2-4 lines long, lilac to deep violet; capsule an inch long, slender, erect on slender peduncles, about equalling the gradually reduced sub- tending leaves; seeds rather abruptly short appendaged; coma somewhat dingy. Mountains, Brit. Columbia to California, Colorado, Utah and Europe = = Seeds smooth or merely areolate. E. Bongrardi Hausskn Oesterr Bot Zeitschr- xxix 80. A foot or less high, erect, simple with crisp hairy lines, apex at first nodding: leaves 1-2 inches long, crowded above, very broadly lanceolate, the upper acute. W 228 ON AG RACEME. EPILOBIUM. sharply but remotely denticulate, usually criap-ciliate, gradually narrowed to the conspicuous cuneately winged base; inflorescence sparingly glandu- lar; flowers rather few, somewhat nodding: petals about 4 lines long pule or rosy; capsule rather slender, 20 lines long, on slender peduncles mucl: shorter than tho leaves : seeds nearly beakless; coma dingy. Alaska and the adjacent islands, perhaps Washington. ■*-■*-■*-■*-+■ Often more or less cespitose by leafy stolons, other- wise simple or nearly so, sometimes apparently annual. <<■ Seeds smooth or at most undulate-areolate except in forms re- ferred to Oregonense. = Leaves rather ample. £. alplnnin L, Sp. 348, in Part. Mostly a span or two high, simple, inflorescence and decurrent lines nearlv glabrous ; leaves thin and delicate, pale green, 20 lines long, sub-elliptical, rather obtuse, subentire to some- what sharply serrulate, gradually narrowed to slender petioles : flowers few, suberect. in the upper axils; petals a line or more long, white or rosy- tipped ; capsule very slender, erect or ascending, about 2 incles long, their peduncles rather slender and about equalling the subtending leaves or stouter and as long as the capsules: seeds smooth gradually attenuated at apex, with veiny beak. In the high mountain swamps, Brit Columbia to California and Eastern States. = = Leaves narrow, subentire. E. Oregonense Hausskn Monogr. Epilob. 270. A span high with few sterile shoots at base, erect even as to the apex, glabrous except fur very sparing glandular hairs in the inflorescence; leaves 6-U> lines lung croM'ded ► elow, remote and very small above, narrowly oblong-ovate or the uppermost linear very obtuse, remotely denticulate, somewhat cuneately narrowed at base but sessile : flowers few, strictly erect; petals deep violet, 4 lines long; capsules about 2 inches long slender strict, much surpassing the summit of the stem, their very slender peduncles of nearly equal length, far exceeding the subtending leaves; seeds smooth, blunt' Bogs, Oregon to Brit. Columbia. Var. it) gracillimum Trel. Pp Epilob. 105. . A span to nearly a foot high, cespitose, very slender; quickly erect and hardly bent at top, glab- rous except the very minutely and sparingly glandular inflorescence: leaves shorter than the internodes, narrow, entire keeled, on the midrih; flowers few, nearly erect; petals white or pale, S lines long; seods evi- dently papillate, the beak scarcely hyaline Bogs, Washington to Cali- fornia. E. anagallidifolinin Lam. Diet ii, .376. About a span high, at length rather densely cespitose, otherwise unbranched, stems very slender, strongly nodding at apex, somewhat crisp-hairy at least in lines; leaves o-lO lines long, all but the lowermost very narrowly ovate or oblong, rather obtuse, entire or remotely denticulate; flowers few, crowded at ape.^: somewhat nodding; petals lilac to violet, 2 lines long; capsule one inch long, slender, surpassing the end of the stem, their rather slender podun- rles shorter than the leaves or when i.nly one or two are present equal liiisj the capsules; seeds short-beaked; coma somewhat dingy. Arctic America to California, also in the Old World •♦♦ -n- Seeds often coarsely papillate, nearly one-half longer than in the preceding group E. clavaiuni Trel 1 c. 111. A span high, mostly densely cespitose, the slender sti ms ascending, glabrate to sparingly glandular throughout ; leaves 8-10 lines long, broadly ovate, very obtuse, mostly rounded to evident peti- LOBITJM. GAYOPHYTOM. ONAGRACEiE. 229 y narrow t'll gly gland li- es long pale nclea mud; Alaska and 19, other- forms re- ligh, simple, and delicaiL'. tire to some- ales: flowers ■hite or rosy- iS long, their ling leaves or ittenuateil at Columbia to an high with 3U8 except for •Ui lines long g-ovate or tlie irtt cuneately Is deep violet, ch surpassing nearly equal blunt. Bogs, nearly a foot It at top, glab- infloresceme ; In the midril>; ig ; seods evi- [igton to Cali- [igh, at length very slender, s; leaves 5-10 )blong, rather Iwded at apeK isule one int'h slender irmIuu- [sent equalling irctic America longer than cespitose, the Jughout ; loaves lo evident peti- oles: flowers rather few, suberect, petals rose-colored, 2'linea long, capsules an inch long, subclavate, arcuately divergent the lowest often not reach - in^' the apex of the stem, their slender peduncles eqiialling the subtending leaves: seeds fusiform, tapering mto a pale beak. Oregon to Brit. Colum- bia, Wyoming and Utah. 3 GAYOPHYTUM. A. Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. xxv, 18, PI. 4. Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary : the 4-parted decid- uous limb reflexed. Petals 4, white or rose-colored, very small, obovate or oval with a very short claw. Stamens 8; anthers broad or rounded, attached by the middle, those opposite to the petals on shorter filaments and usually sterile. Ovary 2celled : style short: stigma capitate or clavate. Capsule membranaceous, clavate, 2-celled, 4-valved. Seeds few to many, in one row in each cell, small, smooth, oblong, naked, ascending. Very slender biancliing annuals, of Western North America and Chili, with linear entire leaves and axillary flowers. The following are the only North American species known: 0. lasiosperniani Greene Pitt, ii, 164. Stems 10-12 inches high, loosely dichotomous with filiform branches : the upper leaves and inflor- e:^cence more or less canescent with appressed or spreading short hairs : leaves ascending; flowers small, the petals about a line Jong: shorter stamens with small anthers: stigma globose, about 2 lines in diameter : capsule erect, about equalling the subtending leaves, narrowly linear or slightly clavate, scarcely toruTose, on slender pedicels about 2 lines long: seeds mostly numerous, erect, not papillate, finely appressed pubescent, in the high mountains, Washington to Southern California. G. dilTasam T. & G Fl. 1,513. Minutely pubescent above especially when young, stems very slender, 6-18 inches high diffusely much branched above ; leaves linear-spatulate to linear, the lower obtuse, the upper acute or acuminate ; flowers 2 lines in diameter, petals ovate a line or less long; stamens all fertile ; stigma small clavate; pod linear-subu- late, minutely canescent, attenuate below to a slender pedicel ; the cells 4-8-seeded Brit Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. ti. eriospennnin Coville Bot Death Valley Ex^. 103. Stems 12-20 inches high, glabrous, widely branching: leaves narrowly linear, acute, attenuate at base, the largest 2 inches long and 3 lines broad: pedicels 4-8 lines long, erect: ovary appressed-pubescent : calyx-lobes 2 lines long, sparingly appressed -hairy : petals :3-4 lines long, obovate, rose-colored in age: capsule erect, about 5 lines long, torulose, commonly 8-1 0-seeded: seeds a line long, narrowly obovate, densely pubescent. In the mnnntaina of !»(.'Utheastern Uregon to n.iddle California. (». ramoslssiiinm T. & G. Fl. i, 513. Glabrous or the inflorescence sometimes puberulent, diffusely much branched 6-18 inches high; leaves an inch long or less : flowers half a line long, mostly near the ends of the hranches; capsule oblong, two or three lines long, on pedicels abou<: the same length or shorter, often deflexed ; 3-5-seeded. Eastern Oregon to Mariposa county, California. (il. racemosuni T. & G. 1. c. Glabrous or more or les3 canescent with short appressed hairs ; 6-18 inches high, the elongated branches mostly simple; flowers half a line long, axillary the whole length of the branches; capsifles linear, sessile or very shortly pedicelled, 8-lii lines long, usually many-seeded. Brit. Columbia to California. it \i '" 230 ONAGRACE^. OJTAGRA. ANOGRA. 6« pnmilam Watson Proc. Am. Acad. Filiform stems 2-6 inclu's high, somewhat strict, sparingly branched above: flowers less than a line broad; capsule erect, veiy shortly pedi celled, ti lines long by half aline broad or more; the numerous seeds oblique in the cells. Marshy places in the high mountains, from Washington to California. 4 ONAGRA Adns. Fam. PI. ii, 85. Caulescent annual or biennial herbs with alternate leaves ami yellow nocturnal flowerS|.that are erect before opening. Calyx- tube more or less prolonged above the ovary, deciduous, segments 4, reflexed. Petals 4, equal obcordate to obovate sessile, yellow- changing to pink in age. Stamens 8, equal in length. Stigma deeply 4-cleft, its segments linear. Ovules and seeds horizontal, inserted in two rows, rarely in several rows, prismatic -angled. 0. Hookerl. Small Bull. Torr. Club xxiii, 17'. lEnofhera Hookeri T. tt G. Fl. i, 49S. (E. biennis of authors as to plants of our range, stems erect, usually stout and mostly simple, 1-5 feet high, canescently pubescent and more or less hirsute or strigose : root often persisting for three or more years: leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 inches long, acute (ji- acuminate, repandly denticulate, the lowest petioled : flowers sessile, in .i leafy spike ; calyx villous, the tube twice the length of the ovary, ratl.er shorter than the slightly acuminate segments : petals obcordate, 6-12 lines long, stigma linear; somewhat thickened : capsule 9-12 lines long, more or less pubescent or hirsute. Common along rivers, etc. \\ ashington to California and the Kocky Mountains. 6 ANOGRA Spach. Ann. Sci. Nat. (II; iv, 164. ». Annual or perennial caulescent herbs with alternate leaves and axillary white, becoming rose-color, diurnal flowers that are nodding in the bud. Calyx tube prolonged above the ovary, deciduous. Stamens 8, equal. Style filiform ; stigma 4-lobed. Capsule coriaceous or somewhat woody, dehiscing loculicidally, 4-valved. Ovules and seeds in 2 rows in each cell ascending, not angled. A, tricliocalyx. tSmall 1. c CEnothera trichocalyx NuH. Stems mostly stout, 6-12'inche8 long, erect or decumljent at base, white and shuiing, from a perennial base : leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate or rhomboitlal, 2-4 inches long, acute or acuminate, attenuate to a long petiole, repundly denticulate or sinuate-pinnatitid with irregular marginal segments or the lowest entire: calyx very villous, the bud olituse: tube slender, 6-18 lines long, naked : petals about equalling the calyx-tube, very broad, entire nr deeply sinuous: capsule linear, tapering upward, 1-2 inches long : needs linear not punctate, subangled. Koutheastern Oregon to California unci the Rocky Mountains. A. pallida Britton Mem. Torr Club v. (Enothera alhicaidis oi authm-!' as to the plants in our range. Stems ratJier stout, 6-24 inches high, simple or branched, white and often shreddy, from a perennial running runt- stock : leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate, l-'.i inches long, entire or repaud- denticulate, or sinuate-pinnatifid towards the base: calyx with the tijis nf the segments free, the tube rather slender, 9-12 lines long, throat nalud; petals equalling or somewhat shorter than the tube, suborbicular, entire or emargjnate; capsule linear, tapering upward, 1-2 inches long; seeils lanceo-linear, smooth, subangled. On sandy plains, Brit Columljia to Oregon and Minnesota. • "■ • ■- ' • TARAXIA. ONAGRACE^. 231 7 TARAXIA Nutt. Raimann in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pfl. Fam. Ill, 216. Acaulescent plant with pinnatifid or entire leaves and yellow or white axillary flowers. Calyx 4-parted, the tube filiform, longer than the ovary, marcescent or tardily deciduous, Petals 4, deciduous. Stamens 8, erect ; anth^^.'s oval or oblong and fixed near the base or linear and fixed near the middle. Style usually adherent to the calyx-tube': stigma capi- tate, entire or rarely 4-toothed Capsule sessile. Seeds some« what ascending, in a double series with a crustaceous testa. T. graclliflora Kaimann. 1. c. (Enothera gr-tciUliora H. Sc A. Small villous annual : leaves linear. 18-.30 lines long .acuminate or obtuse attenu* ate or more frequently broad at base, entire or obscurely repand-dentate, oiliate calyx-tube 6-18 lines long; petals S-5 lines long, yellow changing to greenish in age : capsule compressed-ovate 4-6 lines long coriaceous, tet- ragonal below and 4-winged above the middle, the wings obliquely truncate and hairy : seeds horizontal, smooth. Ou barren plains and gravelly bars, f^outhern Oregon and California. T. heterantha Small 1. c. (Enothera heterantha NuU. Glabrous per- ennial: leaves oblong-lanctiolate tajierir.g into a blender petiole, acute or acuminate, entire or repand, 2-4 inches long: tube of the calyx much fihorter than the leaves, the segments linear-lanceolate ; about the length of the broadly obovate retuse petals, anthers oblong, fixed near the base, capsule 9 lines long, obovoid-oblong, tetragonal, attenuate alxjve into the persistent calyx-t.ibe, the sides nearly flat, ribbed, subreticulated : seeds numerous, minutely pitted. Un dry plains, Eastern Oregon and Idaho to Uta> and Nevada. T. ovata Small 1 c. (E.ovataNutt. Subpubescent perennial leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, acute, erosely or repandly denticulate, or serrulate, 2-8 inches long: calyx-tube 1-4 inches long: petals yellow, :>-10 lines long : capsule 6 lines long, strongly torulose : seeds few, in one or two rows, erect, oval a line long. J n moist piaces, Southern Oregon to Cali- fornia. T. loiigiflora Nutt. in Herb. (Enothera Xuttallii T. A G. Denselv pubescent perennial : leaves lanceolate, 2-6 inches long, petioled, acumi- nate, deeply sinuate- pinnatifid, the numerous very unequal segments often roundish or obtuse: tube of the calyx 12-18 lines long; petals 5-7 lines loiii; usually white : capsule 6-10 lines long, terete, attenuate above into the persistent calyx-tube : seeds numerous, conspicuously pitted. Along i'treams, eastern "Washington to California and Nevada. 8 SPHvEROSTIGMA F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. ii, 49. Annual or perennial caulescent iicrbs with entire or pinnatifid leaves and yellow white or rose-color fiowers in bractod or leafy >pil lines long, broad'y ovate to oblong or lanceu- late, the radical and lower cauline often spatulate or oblanceolate and blender petioled, mostly entire: calyx canescent, its tube 1-2 lines lonir; petals 3--4 lines long, yellow becoming bluish : capsule 4-s lines long, sub- nairy, contorted: seed ovate oblong, acute at base, smooth. Along the coast, tSouthern Oregon and California. *** Flowers small, yellow usually turning red, calyx-tube very ' short ; capsule elongated, very narrowly linear slightly curved. St contorta Walp. 1. c. 78. (Enothera strijuloia T. ife G. Nearly glabrous; the ovary and calyx usually somewhat anpressed-piibescent: stems slender, ascending or erect, usually divaricately branched, :.'-l.' inches high: leaves linear or lanceolate, 3-!( lines long, attenuate at base entire or sparingly denticulate, flowers very small: petals 1-2 lines luns:, usually turning red in age : capsule 8-13 lines long, sessile or attenuate into a' very short jjedicel, scarcely attenuate above, more or less curved or contorted: seeds smooth. On dry sandy plains Eastern Washington to California, Nevada and Arizona. Var. pubens Small 1, c I8i>. Pubescence hirsute and spreading? es- pecially below, often subglandular al)ove, sometimes very smooth. Van- couver Island to Nevada; Arzona and t^outhern California. Var. (ilr«enei Small 1. c strictly erect with ascending somewhat "ir- gate t)ranc;hes : pubescence neither white nor ai)pressed, but spreading and hirsute : pods longer and slender. Oregon to California. * * * * Low, flowers minute: capsule fusiform, short. S. Hilgardi Small 1. c 188. (Enothera Hilgardi Greene. Canescently pubescent; stems 3-6 inches high, divaricately much branched: leaves linear-spatulate, entire including the petiole 1-2 inches long: branche? corymbose in flower, densely spicate in fruit, the spikes leafy; petals \-l lines long, obovate. entire: capsule 6 lines long, straight, sharply angled attenuate upward; seeds obovate pale, smooth and shining. In moist places Eastern Washington and Oregon. )STIGMA. be of the contorted : & A. Ciin- ig from till' g, attenuate iracts nuu'h tube of the ;ala: capsule ery minutely bo and Ululi. lual; braneh- g, acute or iu'- is long; petals long, viscid- nutely tul.'er- to CaUfornia age: calyx- rted : stems oUa Horuim. i, canesct'iitly long or laneeu- anreolate ami -1 lines Ions; les long, sub- Along the CHVLIHMA. PACHVLOPHC8. ONAGRACE.E. 233 spreading; es- bmooth. Van- I somewhat "ir- , spreading and Canescently inched: leave? long: branches lafy; petals 1-:' Iharply anglp*' ling. In moist S. andinum Walp 1. c. 7ft. (Enothera andina Nutt. Canescently ul)eecent throughout: stems slender, 1-3 inches high, becoming ditiiusely ranched: leaves linear-spatulate €-12 lines long, attenuate into a slender petiole : spikes mostly dense, many-flowered : flowers yellow, barely a line long : capsule 3-6 lines long, attenuate upward from near the base : seeds linear-oblong, nearly smooth. On alkaline plains, eastern Washington to Nevada, Montana and Utah. t) CHYLISMA Nutt. Raimann, Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. iii,217. Caulesceut annuals with pinnate or simple leaves and yellow Ho\v«^'.-£ in terminal racemes. Calyx-tube funnel-form or obconic, the limb 4-parted. Petals 4, entire. Stamens 8, unequal; anthers oblong, attached near the middle. Stigma capitate, entire. Csip- suk' linear, subeylindrical or subolavate, obtuse, membranaceous, not sessile, seeds ascending, in a single row in each cell. C. scapoidea *mall 1 o. 193. (Enothera scapoidea Xutt. Puberulent or subglabrous: stems erect, 4-18 inches high, usually branching from near the base: leaves mostly subradical, long-petioled, lyrately pinnatifld, or sootetimes undivided, the terminal segment much the longest, ovate toohlong-lanceolate, cuneate to cordate at base, irregularly serrate, the prominent veins often dark colored, the lateral leaflets few to many or none, very irregular in size and shape : racemes at first nodding, the bracts very gmall or wanting; calyx-tube funnel form with a narrow base, 1-2 line? long, the bud closed and abruptly acute ; petals yellow, 1-2 lines long : causule glabrous, 4-12 lines long, attenuate into a pedicel 2-8 lines long, ascending or divaricate. Idaho and Wyoming to Utah and Southern Cali- fornia. Ci crnciformis. (Enothera crucifounis Kll- (11. sc poidea Var. pur- puraacens Watson, Stems erect, (j-l« inches high, stoutisli usually branch- ing from near the base : leaves mostly subradical, long-petioled, lyrately pinnate, the terminal leaflets much the largest ; lateral few to several or none, very irregular in size and shape, racemes at first nodding, the bracts very small or wanting, calyx-tube funnelform with a narrow base, 2-'ii lines long; the bud abruptly acuminate, petals white or pinkish, rarely yellowish, i;-4 lines long: capsule glabrous, 4-12 lines long, somewhat clavate, on pedicels 2-10 lines long On alkaline plains. Southeastern Oregon to .Nevada and Southei ;■ California. 10 PACHYLOPHUS Spach. lM.st.Veg. iv, 305. Aoauhscent or very short caulescent peronuinls with entire or niniiatitid leaves and large white or rose-color flowers that open only at night or in cloudy weather. Calyx-tube elongated, some- what dilated at the throat, the limb 4-parted, erect in the bud. Petals 4, sessile white, changing to red in age. Stamens 8, un- equal : anthers oblong attached near the base. Capsule ovate or ovate-oblong, large and rigid, obtusely tetragonal or sharply angled; mostly sessile. Ovules horizontal, sessile few, in one or two rows. Seeds large, with a deep furrow along the raphe. P. Nnttallla Spach. Hist. Veg. iv, 365. (Enothera aespitnm Nutt. Glai rous or more or less villous with spreading subscabrous hairs : leaves oblong to narrowly lanceolate 2-12 inches long attenuate to a long petiole acute or acuminate, sometimes spatulate, irregularly sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid or repand-denticulate : tube of the calyx 2-7 inches long, 3-<) lines wide at the throat, segments not free in the bud: petals broadly ob. ;v. 1 I :.i- ?■ 234 ONAGRACEJ}. PACHYLOPHUB. GODETIA. cordate, 9-20 lines long : capsule oblong 1-2)^ inches long bv 3-6 lines in diameter, subattenuate at each end, sessile or short- pedicefed, strongly ribbed at the sides and often with a double crest along the sutures : seed>4 in two rowB in each cell, oval oblong, not angled, very minutely and densely tubercled upon the back, with a thin flattened process and a longi- tudinal furrow on the ventral side. Oregon and Idaho to California, Da- kota and New Mexico. 11 GODETIA Hpach. I.e. Simple or branched erect annuals with alternate leaves and showy flowers in racemes or spikes. Calyx-tube above the ovary obconic or shortly funnelfonn. deciduous. Petals 4. broad and sessile, entire or emarginate or very rarely 2-lol)eii, lilac-purple or rose-color. Stamens S, unefjual, the filaments op- posite the petals shorter : anthers all perfect, oblong attached at the base and erect or arcuate. Ovary 4-('elIed, many-ovukd. Style filiform : stigma-lobes short, linear or roundish. Capsule ovate to linear, 4-sided, somewhat coriaceous, loculicidally de- hiscent. Seeds a ending or liorizontal, in one or two rows in each cell, obliquely angled, the upper surface with a thin tubei- culate margin. . • * Capsule ovate to oblong, sessile, stems erect, leafy, usually stout and stnct; the flowers in a strict compact spike erect in the buB. G. pprparea Watson Bot. Cal. i, 229. Mostly very leafy, 1-2 feet high, canescently-puberulent, the ovary hirsutely villous; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 inches long, obtuse or acute, entire, sessile with an obtuse or attenuate base; flowers mostly in a leafy terminal cluster; calyx- tube 2-3 lines long, the tips not free; petals 4-6 lines long, deep purple; style shorter than the stamens, the stigma-lobes very short, purple; cap- sive ovate to linear-o' long, 6-9 lines long, acute, not attenuate at base. hairy, the sides nearly flat, ribbed. From the valley of the Columbia to California. 0. lepida Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxii, t. 1849, Erect, 6-24 inches high, can- escently-puberulent, the stem usually white and shining; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, usually obtuse, sessile and scarcely attenuate at base, sparingly denticulate ; flowers in a short simple spike; calyx-tube 2-3 lines long, the lips >ery slightly free; petals 9-12 lines long, rose-color with a darker spot near the apex; stigmas very short, purple; capsule 5-8 lines long, 2 lines broad and attenuate to the apex, hairy, the sides tricostate, at least alternatelv- Willamette vallev to California. G. deeuMibeiis Spach. Monog. Onogr. .68. Stems slender, erect or ascending, 3 inches to 3 feet high ; leaves linear to oblong. 6- 12 lines long; calyx- tube 2 lines long; petals 3-8 lines long, purple to rose-color ; capsule shortly pubescent, 4-6 lines long. Columbia River to California. G. Arnottii Walp. Rep. ii, 83. (f. lepida var. /irnottii Watson. Nearly glaVirous or subcanescently piiberulent ; leaves linear to lanceolate, 1 --18 lines long, acute, entire or sparingly denticulate; petals 4-8 lines lung: capsules glabrous or nearly so. ^Southern <)regon to California. G. albescens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27. 8imple or branching from tiie base, erect, 1-2 feet high, canescently pubei' ilent, leaves linear to obldng- lanceolate an inch long, acutish, sparingly denticulate; flowers small in numerous short lateral spikelets, mostly crowded into a compact spike; calyx-tube 2 lines long; petals 3-5 lines long, purplish-blue; stigma? GOOETIA. B0I80UVALIA. ONAGRACEiE. 2S9 j-reeniHh to purple ; capsule oblong 3-6 lines long, shortly hirsute or pubea-, cent, at least the alternate sides tricostate. Oregon to California. * * Capsule linear ; flowers loosely scattered in a slender spike or raceme, nodding in the bud. '' ■ •*- Capsules sessile. 0. (laadrlvnlnera Spach. 1. c. Usually very slender, erect, or ascend- ing 1-2 ft. high . pubernlent ; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, sessile or .t.tenuate to a short petiole; calyx -tube obconic, 2-3 lines long, the tips slit,htly free; petals 3-6 lines long, deep purple or purplish stigma lobes verj short, yellow; ovary and capsule nairy, capsule linear 5-10 lines long, inostly sliort, attenuate at the apex, the sides nearly flat or channelled by the prominence of the sutures. Un dry plains, Brit. Colum- bia to California. (i. tenella Watson 1. c. Erect, 6-18 in. high, puberulent: leaves linear, 6-24 lines long, acute or obtuse, more or less attenuate, mostly entire : calyx-tiibe shortly obconic, 1-3 lines long, the tips closed or sliglitly free; petals 3-5 Ihies long, deep purple; stigma- lobes purple or purplish, the style shorter than the stamens; capsules puberulent, 8-12 lines long, attenuate above but not at base, the sides nearly flat. Washington to California. (f. vimluea Spach. Monog. Onogr. 60. Usually stout, 1-3 ft. high, branched; leaves linear to linear lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, narrowed at the base, entire ; calyx-tube 2-4 lines long, the tips slightly free; petals 9-12 lines long, deep purple or purplish ; capsule 9 lines long, 8-costate, smooth- ish. Washington to California. ■»- •»- Capsule pedicellcd not costate ; stigmas mostly yellow; calyx tips not free in tlie bud. 0. amcena Lilja in Lindblom Bot. Notes 1839, 53. Usually slender, I erect, 1-2 feet higli, minutely puberulent; leaves linear to narrowly oblanceo- late,or sometimes lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, petioled, entire or nearly so; ca- lyx-tube obconic, 2-4 lines long; petals 8-15 lines long, frequently rather villous, as also the purple anthers, varying from nearly white to rose-color, with more or less of purple ; filaments rather stout; stigma-lotes linear, 1-:' lines long, yellow; capsules 12-18 lines long attenuate to a slender beak above and into the pedicel lielow which is 2-G lines long. Brit, I Columbia to California. (i. epilobioides Watson Bot. Cal. i. 231. Erect, 1-3 ft. high tomen- Itosely puberulent; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, [petioled, entire or sparingly denticulate; calyx-tube 1-2 lines long; petals -6 lines long, light purple'or rose-color; stigma lobes short; capsule (i-i4 I lines long, acuminate, attenuate to a short pedicel, or rarely nearly sessile. I Brit. Columbia to California and Nevada. tt hispidnia Watson 1. c 633. Erect, 6-12 in. high, mostly simple land often but 1-flowered, hispidly puberulent, especially above; leaves Ivery narrowly linear. 1-2 in. long: calyx-tube 2-3 lines long; petals C-12 |lino£ long, purple; filaments rather slender; style elongated and stignia- I'.obcs linear; capsule 4-9 lints long, attenuate at the apex, abruptly oon- rai'ted into a pedicel 2-4 lines long Brit. Columbia to California. 12 BOISI)UVALI.\ Spach. Hist Veg. iv, 383. Krect letify iinnuiils with alternate simple sc^ssile leaves and li'iiiall flowers in leafy simple or compound spikes. Calyx-tube juinnelform above the ovary, deciduous, the lobes erect. Petals 4, l^ossile, 2-lobed, purple to white. Stamens 8, those opposite the ::1 .i ''■ 23({ ONAGRACE^. OOISDUVALtA. CLAKKIA. petals shorter; filaments very slender, naked at base; anthers all perfect, oblong, attached near the base. Ovary 4-celled sovtial ovuled: style filiform: stigma-lobes short somewhat cuncat.'. Ca])sule membranaceous, ovate-oblong to linear, nearly tcicti', acute sessile dehiscent to the base. Seeds ascending few in (nic row in each cell, ovate-oblong, somewhat singled, smooth. B. Torreyi Watson Bot Cal. 1, 233. Villous throughout with slioit etifiiHh spreading Imirs; stems rather slender, 4-18 inches high : U'avts linear to lanceolate, usually narrowed at base, entire r.r somewhat deiitiiu- late, 4-9 lines long; the floral leaves sirr.ilar and scarcely smaller; flowers in a loose simple spike, 1-2 lines long, jpurplish : capsule linear acuminaU', 4-6 lines lone, cells 6-8 seeded, the partitions adherent to the valves; st'ecl.'< ovate half a line long or less. Washington to California. B. Bonglasii Spach. Hist. Veg. 223. B densijtora Watson. Cants- cently pubescent and more or less villous, often stout, 1-3 feet iiij;li: leaves lanceolate to linear lanceolate, acuminate, mostly denticulate, l-;i inches long the floral leaves' usually much shorter and' broader; flowevi! usually in a close terminal spike or numerous lateral spikelets; calyx 1-:; lines long, about half the length of Jfhe petals; capsule ovate-ol)long, smooth or slightly villous, 2-4 lines long, cell 3-6 seeded, the partitions wholly separating from the valves and adherent to the placenta; seeds nearly or quite a line long. In wet places, Brit Columbia to California. Bt glabella Walptl. e. Glabrous or slightly pubescent: slender, 8-1 (i inches high ; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrate, 6-12 lines long, the floral bracts scarcely smaller : flowers in a simple spike, shorter than the leaves, petals deep purple, less than a line long; capsule ovate- oblong, 2-4 lines long, the partitions adherent to the valves, seeds 4-G in each cell, linear-lanceolate, a line long, in ditches and wet places, Brit. Columbia to Oregon and Nevada. 13 CLARKIA Pursh. Fl i, 260, t, II. Aimuals with erect brittle stems, alternate' leaves and showy flowers in terminal racemes. Calyx-tube obconical above tlie ovary, deciduous: the 4-cleft limb reflexed. Petals 4, witli claws lobed or entire, purple or violet. Stamens 8, those oppo- site to the petals often sterile or rudimentary; anthers oblonir or linear, attached by the base. Ovary 4-i'elled : style elongated; stigma with 4 broad lobes, sometimes unequal, at length spread- ing. Capsule linear, attenuate above, coriaceous, erect, some- what 4-angled, 4-celled and 4-valved to the middle. Seeds num- erous, angled or margined, C. pnlchella Pursh. 1. c. Stem 6-20 inches high, simple or branelied, inflorescence puberulent: leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, 1-3 inelies long, nearly glabrous, entire petals 6-9 lines long, 3-lobed, attenuate to a long claw, which has a spreading tooth on each side; perfect stamens witli a linear scale on each side at base, the alternate stamens rudimentary and fliiform: stigma-lobes equal, dilated: capsule 8-12 lines long, 8-angled, on a spreading pedicel, 2-3 lines long; seeds obliquely cubical, minutely tuberculate. Brit. Columbia to California and the Eocky Mountains. C. rhemboidea Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 214. Stem slender, 1-2 feet high. simple or sparingly branched above, puberulent or nearly glabrous: If-aves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, the upper narrower, all on slender peti- oles, entire; petals entire, rhomboidal, with a short broad claw which is OAT7RA. IIETKROaACRA. ONAGRACE^. 237 ; anthers all elled several bat cunciiti'. early tcrcti,', ; few in one ooth. lit with short !8 high : U'livis 3what deiuicu- [laller; flowers 3ar acumiiiiiti', 5 valves ; st'eds 'atson. Canes- 1-3 feet liiuli; lenticulate, l-;i ■oader; flowers lets; calyx 1-;; I ovate-oblong, the partitions )1acenta; seeds to California. : slender, 8-l(i rate, 6-12 lines i spike, shorter capsule ovate- s, seeds 4-6 in t places, Brit. ll s and showy above the als 4, with those op])o- thers oblong e elongated ; ngth ppread- erect, some- Seeds nuni- le or branched, ar, l-'A inelies attenuate to :\ t stamens with dioientary and g, 8-angled, on )ical, minutely lountains. , 1-2 feet high, larly glabrous: )n s'lender peti- claw which is often broadly toothed; anthers all perfect; fllaments with hairy scales at tb^base: stigma-lohes short: capsule 8-1? Mnes long, 4-angled, nearly (;li)l)rou8, on pedicels about a line long ; set >bliquely cubical, sparingly hispid. Washington to California. 14 GAURA L. Gen. n. 470. Herbs with mostly sessile alternate leaves and numerous white or rose-color flowers in spikes or racemes. Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the obconic or clavate ovary ; the4-parted limb deqiduous. Petals 4 with claws. Stamens 8, nearly e(iual ; filaments fur- nished with a scale-Hke appendage on the inside next the base ; antherd oval, versatile. Ovary 4 celled : ovules 1-2 in each eel), peiululous: style filiform, hairy below : stigma 4-lobed, surrounded by an obscure ring or indusium. Fruit nut-like, indehiscent or splitting at the apex, obtusely 4-angled and ridged upon the sides. G. parvlflora Dougl. Hook Fl. i, 208. Stems erect, 2-5 ft. high, sparingly branched softly white-pubescent and minutely glandular; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, repand-denticulate, velvety pubescent on both sides, 1-3 inches long, the uppermost smaller; spikes virgate strict, very many flowered, much elongated in fruit, bracts lanceolate, subulate; petals spatulate, oblong, shorter than the calyx, segments, rose- color; fruit sessile, oblong-clavate, 4-nerved, 4-angled at the apex, about L'-seeded. Washington to California and east to v>rkan8as. 15 HETEROGAURA Rothrock Proc. Am. Acad, vi, 354. Annual herbs with alternate leaves and small flowers in termi- nal racemes. Calyx-tube with a short obconic prolongation above the small ovary ; limb 4-cleft, spreading, deciduous. Pet- als 4, entire, with claws. Stamens 8; filaments naked; anthers ovate-cordate, attached by the base and not versatile ; those op- posite to the petals on shorter filaments, lanceolate, acute, .ster- ile. Ovary 4-celled, with a solitary pedulous ovule in each cell : style long: stigma discoid, entire. Fruit nut-like, indehiscent, obovoid, 2-4-celled, 1-2-seeded. H. Californica Rothr. 1 c. "Fmooth or sparingly puberulent, 12-18 inches high, leaves lanceolate, entire, 1-2 inches long, tapering to a slen- der petiole: petals purple, narrowly spatulate, 2 lines long: anthers very small: fruit 2 lines lontj, obovate, 4-angled, 1)4 lines long, smooth, on a short spreading pedicel. Isouthern c regbn (Evans v reek, Jos Howell to California. 16 CIRC/EA L.Gen. n. 24. Low perennial herbs with thin opposite petioled leaves and small white flowers in terminal and lateral racemes, the fruit on slender spreading or deflexcd pedicels. Tube of the cjilyx slightly produced beyond the ovary ; the free portion nearly tilled with a cup-shap--d disk, deciduous; the limb 2-parted. Pet- als 2, obcordate. Stamens 2, alternate with the petals: filaments filiform: anthers short. Style filiform: stigma somewhat capi- tate marginate. Capsule obovate, 1-2-celled, at length 2- \. 238 CUCURBITACyE. CIRC.KA. valved, with a single erect seed in each cell, hispid with hookd hairs. C. PaclHca Asch.&Mag. Mostly glabrous, stems usually siiiiiili-, 0-12 inches high, from a small tuber; leaves ovate, roumled or cordiiti' :u base, acute or acuminate, repandly-denticulate, 1-S inches long; the skn- der petiole about as long; racemes without bracts; flowers haU a liiu.' idii;'; calyx white with a very short tube; fruit a line long, rather loosely covtifil with soft hairs curved above, 1-celled, l-seeded. In damp woods, biit. Columbia to California. C. alpiiia L. Sp. 0. Glabrous, stems weak, 3-8 inches high, oi'itMi branching above: leaves cordate, shining, rathe» coarsely toothed, l-d inches long, on slender petioles nearly as long as the blade : jjedicels suli- tended by minute setaceous bracts : flowers reddish, especially bctori' opening: fruit pubescent but scarcely hispid. In damp woods, Alaska tn Washington and the Northeastern States and Canada. Order XXXIX. CUCUKBITACE^ B. Juss.Hort.Trian.ClTV.t.) Tendril-bearing herbs with alternate palmately veined leaves and axillary monoecious or dicecious, rarely perfect flowois. Calyx o-6-toothed, the linjo sometimes obsolete. Petals o-(l. distinct or more or less united with each other and coherent with the calyx. Stamena 5, sometimes distinct, commonly united in three parcels ("two, and two and one separate j «o as to appear like three stamens only, rarely 3 and diadelphous, fila- ments of each set sometimes connate ; anthers usually long and sinuous, or variously contorted or folded, 2-celled, adnate, ex- trorse, commonly more or less connate. Ovary coherent with the tube of the c rlvx, usually of 3, rarely of 2 or 4, united carpels, sometimes 1-celled by the obliteration of the partitions, more often with each carpeLsspuriously 2-celled! Fruit fleshy or juicy, rarely membranous. Seeds aaatropous, compressed, often enveloped by a juicy or dry and membranous arillus; the testa coriaceous, albumen none. MABAH KoU. Proc. Cal. Acad, i, 38. MEGARRHIZA {Ton:) Watson. Flowers monoecious : the sterile in racemes or panicles ; tln' fertile solitary, from the same axils. Calyx-tube broadly cam- panulate: teeth obsolete or very small. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-7-lobed, with oblong papillose segments. Sterile flowers with the stamens at the base: filaments short and connate: antlier> free or soniewha* adherent ; the cells somewhat horizontal, tlex- uous. Pistillate flowers pedicelled : with or without abortivi stamens: ovary oblong to globose, usually more or less echinate, 2-celled or more: cells 1-several-ovuled : ovules ascending, hoi i- zontal, or pendulous, the attachment mostly parietal: etyk' short : stigma 2-3 lobed or parted. Fruit mostly echinate, niori' | or less fibrous within, becoming dry, at length bursting regu- MEN'TZEUA. LOAKAl E. liirly. (?) Seed large, tinged, ovoid or Huhgloltose, .M>th, iw margined; hiluin linear, aeute: cotyledons thick, "mniniht. under ground in germination. Stems elongated aic limbiivji. tiom large fusiform perennial roots; leaves cordate, palniatelv .VT-lobed or angled ; tendrils 2-')-cleft; flowers small, white. .H. OreiCiina Mi-garrhin'i Onrfana Twr. Wnlmn. 8tem8 lO-SO fct-t long; scabrous or nearly smooth; leaves cordate or renit'orm l^-<) iiulu's broad, deeply 6-7 lobed, lobes broad-triangulur, abruptly acute, mucron- ate, sterile Howers 10-20 in slender racemes 4-0 in. lonj?, on slender pedi- cels; corolla 3-4 lines broad; fertile Howers witliout abortive stamens; ovary globose, densely ecbiiiate, 2-4-celled, the cells \-i ovuled, fruit glo- bone to oblong, 1-2 in. in diameter covered with stout fleshy spines, 1-sev- eral-seeded, seeds orbicular 6-10 lines in diameter. In alluvial soil, Oregon and Watjhington to Idaho and Montana. Order XL. LOASACE/E. Reichb. Consp. 1(U. Herbs with alternate or opposite leaves without stijmles and usually showy flowers, the herbage often clothed with bristly hairs. Sepals united into an equally /5-lobed calyx, persistent. Petals 5 sometimes 10 (the inner series mostly dissimilar) insert- ed in the throat of the calyx. Stamens numerous, rarely few or definite, inse) ted with the petals, some of the outer falaments often dilated or petaloid and mostly sterile, the otlievs com- monly disposed in fascicles opposite the i)etals and slightly united. Ovary coherent with the tube of the calyx, 1-celled with mostly 3 parietal placentce; ovules numerous. or sometimes few rarely solitary, styles usually united into' one. Fruit meetly capsular or succulent, crowned with the ' limb of the calyx. Seeds anatropous, usually with more or less fleshy albumen. 1 MENTZELIA L. Gen. n. 670. Annual or biennial herbs with alternate mostly coarsely toothed or pinnatifid leaves and mostly showy flowers. Calyx- tu'"e cylindrical to ovoid or turbinate ; the limb 5-lobed, per- sistent. Petals 5 or 10. Stamens numerous, inserted below the petals on the throat of the calyx and not adnate to them : fila- ments free or in clusters opposite the petals, filiform, or the outer more or less dilated or sometimes petaloid and barren. Ovary truncate at the summit, 1-celled : style 3-cleft, the lobes often twisted : ovules pendulous or horizontal, few to many in one or two rows on the three linear parietal placentae. Capsule short-oblong to cylindrical, few to many-seeded, opening by valves or usually irregularly at the truncate apex. Seeds flat or angled. § 1. Trachyphytum T. (fe G. Fl. i, 5m3. Seeds pendulous, few to rather many, small, in 1-3 rows, irregularly angled or somewhat cubical, not winged, opaque, minutely tuberculate: flowers in terminal cymes, mostly small : calyx-limb 5-parted: 240 LOAHACE.E. MKNTZEM \. l»ro!:r. ;oj.it '.^1', f)etnl8 6 : filaments all filiform or the 5 outer more or loss ii- ated : cansule linear : leaves Hessiio, flat, sinuately tootliol .r pinnatifid : annuals. M. albicanlls Dougl. Don Mill, ill, 61. Slender, 3-12 Indies hinl. oi' irioro: leaveH linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid with numerou« narrow le8, the inner ones smaller; stamens very numerous, the outer fllamcntM Hat and somewhat dilated ; capsule clavate- cylindrical, 3-valved; seeds numerous winged. Colorado, perhaps Idaho. Order XLI. FICOIDEiE Juss. Succulent herbs or shrubs with plain triquetrous, or terete, leaves without stipules. Calyx-tubo coherent to the ovary, the lobes usually 5, unequal . Petals very nianj and linear, or none. Stamens 5-many, with slender filaments, inserted on the calyx- tube. Styles 4-20. Fruit 4-2()-celled, dehiscent stellately across the summit or circumscissile or indehiscent. Seeds usually numerous and minute with mealy albumen. 1 MOLLUGO L. Sp. 89. Low and much branched glabrous annuals, with linear to o>>' vate-spatulate entire opposite and apparently verticillate Ki • and axillary flowers. Calyx 5-cleft nearly to the base, luocs herbaceous, niembranaceously margined. Petals none. Stamens 3 or 5, rarely twice as many, hypogynous. Styles 3. Capsule free, thin, membranaceous 3-5-celled, loculicidally 3-5-valved ; the partitions breaking away from the persistent central placenta. Seeds several in each cell, longitudinally sulcate on the back. , M. verttcillata L. 1. c. Prostrate slender stems 1-6 inches long; leaves spatulate to linear-oblanceolate, an inch long or less; pedicels um- bpllately fascicled at tlie nodes; slender, 2-3 lines long; sepals and ob- ig-ovoid capsule about a line and a half long; seeds reniform, shining. l.iit. Columbia to California and across the continent. Order XLII. CACTACE^E. Lin 11. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 53. • Succulent spiny plants with usually angular or 2-edged leaf- like stems without leaves, or these represented by fleshy pro- cesses or spines and sessile flowers. Sepals numerous usually indefinite and confoui.ded with the petals, imbricated either coherent v^'ith and crowning the ovary or covering its whole surface. Petals numerous, usually indefinite in several series, arising from the orifice of the calyx. Stamens indefinite cohering more or less with the petals and sepals; filaments long filiform; anthers ovate, versatile. Ovary fleshy coherent with the calyx 1 -celled with numerous parietal placentae: ovules indefinite, styles united into a long tube or column; stigmas as many as the placenta). Fruit succulent, 1-celled, many seeded. Seeds ovate or obovate anatropous without albumen. »». r CACTACEiE. CACTUS OPUNTIA. 1. 2. Cactas. Globose or oval plants without proper leaves, covered with spine-bearing tubercles ; spines never barbed : flowers sessile, solitary, from between the tubercles. Opnntia. Branching or jointed spiny plants with subulate 'early deciduous leaves : spines always barbed : flowers from the same areola as the spines. 1 CACTUS L. Sp. PI. 466, in part. MAMALARIA Haw. Roundish or somewhat cylindrical plants, destitute of woody axis, often with a somewhat milky juice, covered with conical or mamma^form crowded spirally disposed tubercles which boar deciduous spines and tomentum at their extremity. Flowers sessile among the tubercles usually in a transverse zone. Tube of the calyx adherent 'to the ovary, the lobes 5-6 crowning the young fruit colored ; petals 5-6 scarcely distinct from the calyx, longer than the sepals and united with them into a tube. Sta- mens filiform, in several series. Styles filiform ; stigma o-T- cleft, radiate. Fruit smooth, C. viviparus Nutt. Eraser's Catalogue. Cespitose, the glomerules subglobose: tubercles cylindric-ovate, bearded, marked above with a pro- liferous groove; flowers bright red, large, exserted, exterior segmentfi of the calyx ciliate; fruit filiform, greenish. On summits of gravelly hills, Eastern Lregon to British Columbia, east to Missouri. 2 OPUNTIA Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 6. Shrubby plants with articulate branches, the joints mostly compressed and dilated, bearing fascicles of prickles or bristles arranged in a quincuncial or spiral order ; flowers arising from the clusters of prickles or along the margin of the joints. Sepals and petals numerous, adnate to the ovary, not produced into n tube, the interior petaloid. Stamens numerous, shorter tliau the petals. Style cylindrical constricted at the base, stigmas numerous, thick, erect. Fruit umbilicate at the apex, tubercu- late, often prickly. 0. polyacantha Haw. Suppl. Succ. 82. 0. Missouriensis DC. Pros- trate, forming large spreading masses : joints light-green, orbicular, tuber- culate, 4-8 inches long : leaves minute, 2-3 lines long : pulvina 6-8 lines apart, with reddish-brown bristles, all armed : spines 8-15, the 5-10 ex- terior radiant, setiform, whitish or reddish variegated; the 3-5 interior ones stout, reddih-brown, 1-2 inches long, 2-4 of them deflexed, the other one s|)reading or suberect and very stout: flowers yellow or sometimes purple; stigmas 5-8; fruit ovate, dry and spiny, with shallow flat umbilicus, 1-2 inches long : seeds irregular, large. Plains and mountains, Eastern Wash- ington to beyond the Rocky Mountains. • Var. platycarpa Coulter Rev. Cact. 436. Joints elongated-obovate 'to obovate-orbicular, 3-5 inches long: pulvina 6-9 lines apart, with few straw-colored bristles, the lower ones unarmed or upper ones with few spines, or with exterior spines as in the species and mostly 1 stout spread- ing or deflexed reddish-brown interior one ; fruit depressea-globose with a remarkably large and flat umbilicus, 4-y lines long. Idaho to the Upper Missouri, , CACTUS OPUNTIA. , covered with essile, solitary, subulate Vaily lie same areola ite of woody with conical s which bear ty. Flowers one. Tul)C of srowning the m the calyx, I tube. Sta- stigma o-T- the glomerules )ve with a pro- lor segments of ; gravelly hills. joints mostly s or bristles arising from )ints. Sepals uced into a shorter than lase, stigmas )ex, tubercu- sts DC. Pros- rbicular, tuljer- vina 6-8 lines the 5-10 ex- -5 interior ones . the other one ietimes purple; umbilicus, 1-2 Eastern Wash- ted-obovate ^to )art, with few ones with few 1 stout spread- globose with a to the Upper UMBELLIFER.E. 243 Tar. borealls Coulter I.e. Joints elongated obovate to orbicular, 2-8 inches long : pulvina 6-9 lines apart, with few straw-colored bristles, and mostly one stout spreading or deflexed reddish-brown interior spine: fruit ovate, with depressed umbilicus, shortly spiny; seeds 2 lines broad, with narrow and acute margin. On sandy plains, Brit. Columbia to Eastern Oregon and Dakota. Order XLIII. UMBELLIFERiE Juss. Gen. Herbs or rarely suffrutescent plants with alternate (rarely opposite) usually pinnatifid or ternately divided leaves, the petioles usually dilated and sheathing at base, and small flowers in simple or compound umbels, usually subtended by an involucre, and often by involucels. Calyx adherent to the ovary, its limb very small, 5-toothed or entire. Petals 'i, in- serted on the outside of the epigynous disk, usually indexed at the point, the inflexed portion cohering with the lamina. Stamens 5 alternate with the petals, inflexed in the bud : an- thers ovate, introrse. Ovary composed of two united carpels invested with the coherent calyx, 2-celled, Avith a solitary sus- pended ovule in each cell: styles 2, their bases dilated and thickened into a fleshy body (called stylopodium) which cov- ers the top of the ovary; stigmas simple. Fruit consisting of two dry carpels which adhere by their faces (called comis- sures) to a common axis (called carpophore) at length sep- arating from each other and suspended from the summit of the carpophore, each carpel indehiscent, marked with 5 longitudi- nal primary ribs, one opposite each petal and each stamen, and often with 5 secondai'y ones: in the substance of the peri- caip are usually several longitudinal tubes (called vitttea), filled with a colored aromatic oil, which are commonly lodged in the spaces (intervalves) between the ribs but sometimes opposite them. Seeds anatropous, usually coherent with the carpel rarely loose. Embryo minute at the base of the copious horny albumen. ^ I. Fruit with secondary ribs the most prominent or the only ones : oil-tubes solitary beneath the secondary ribs or wanting : stylopodium con- ical (except in Daucus). Fruit bristly primary ribs filiform, secondary ribs winged, leaves pinnately decompound. um- bels compound; It Dancus. Stylopodium depressed or wanting. 1 2i Cavcalis. Stylopodium conical. 3 CoBiANDRCM Calyx-tceth evident : fruit globose, with broad commissure ^ II. Fruit with primary ribs only. * Fruit strongly flattened dorsally with prominently winged ribs. ■>- Caulescent branching plants with solitary oil-tubes (except some species of Angelica) depressed stylopodium, filiform to winged dorsal and intermediate ribs and white flowers. !Vi *f' 244 tMBELLIFERiE. ';l 1i: 'Iv 4. Angelica. Cartels with strong ribs, laterals forming a distinct (Jou- ble-winged margin to the fruit, oil-tubea one to several in the inter- vals, 2-10 on the commissure. 5. Selinnm. Carpels with prominent winged ribs, the lateral ones usually the broadest ; oil-tubes conspicuous, 2-4on the commissure; seed sulcate beneath the oil-tubes. •*- •*- Caulescent branching plants, with solitary oil-tubes, conical Btylopodium, filiform or stronger dorsal and intermediate ribs and white flowers. «. Heracleain. Carpels with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform ; the broad lateral wings contiguous to those of the other carpel, strongly nerved towards the outer margin. ■•-■•- ■*- Short caulescent or acaulescent with solitary or numer- ous oil-tubes, no stylopodium, filiform doi'sal and intermediate ribs. ••♦ Lateral wings coherent till maturity. 7. Pastinaca Calyx-teeth obsolete: fruit oval, very much flattened, glabruus. 8. Coloptera. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform or winged and approximate : lateral wings broad, very thick and corky: oil-tubes small, 4-8 in the intervals, 8-14 on the commissure 9 Leptotsenla. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform or I obsolete, the lateral wings with thick corky margin that is coherent with the margin of the opposite one till maturity: oil-tubes 3-6 in the] intervals, 4-6 on the commisure. (Sometimes obsolete.) 10. Pencedannm. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform | approximate, lateral wings broad and thin: oil-tubes 1-8 in the inter- vals, 2-10 on the commissure. '' *♦ *♦ Carpel 1 not coherent. > 11. Psendocymopteras. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs promi-l nent and acute; lateral wings rather broad and thickish, oil-tubes l-lj in the intervals, 2-6 on the commissure. * * Fruit but slightly if at all flattened either way. ■t- Fruit with all the ribs conspicuously winged, stylopodium de- pressed or wanting. 12. Cymopterns. Carpel somewhat flattened dorsally, with mostly 51 broad thin equal wings, the lateral wings distinct. 13. Phellopterns. Carpel sovaf vhat flattened dorsally with 5 equal] broad and corky thicKened wijgs, the wings distinct. 14. Tliaspiani. Carpels with 3 or 4 or all the ribs strongly winged : sUi lopodium wanting. -♦- •*- Fruit with all the ribs prominent and equal acute or slightly winded stylopodium, conical oil-tubes numerous. 16. Ligasticum. Oil-tubes 2-6 in the lateivals, 6-10 on the commissure^ -*--»--<- Fruit with broad and equal corky ribs, stylopodium de- pressed, oil-tubes solitary. 16. CoBloplearam. Carpel with very thick and prominent corky ril/S. UMBELLIFER.E. 245 a distinct dou- al in the inter- he lateral ones ommisBure; seed -tubes, conical liate ribs and ibs filiform ; the carpel, strongly ary or numer- nediate ribs. much flattened, ribs filiform or | thick and corky; missure ribs filiform or that is coherent l-tubes 3-6 in the te.) iate ribs filiform 1-8 in the inter- lediateribspromi ish, oil-tubes 1-4 way. 3tylopodium de- y, with mostly 5 Uy with 5 equal ngly winged: stj icute or slightly n the commissure^ itylopodium de- aent corky rihs. ■*-■*-■*-■*- Fruit with very thick and corky lateral ribs, filiform dorsal and intermediate ones, stylopodium depressed, oil-tubes soli- tary. 17i Orogenla. Carpel flattened dorsally, lateral wings very corky thick- ened, oil-tubes very small 3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. 18. Crantzla. Seed terete, carpel with filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs lateral wings very thick and corky next the commissure ; oil- tubes 2 on the commissure. 19. (Enanthe. Carpel with broad obtuse corky ribs the lateral ones largest, oil-tubes 2 on the commissure; seed semi-terete, sulcate be- neath each oil-tube. * * * Fruit flattened laterally. ■•- Fruit prickly or with tuberculate scales, the ribs obsolete. 20. Erynglnm. Calyx-lobes very prominent, rigid, often spinose, per- sistent. 21. Sanicala. Calyx-lobes somewhat foliaceous fruit sub-globose densely covered with hooked prickles, or tuberculate. •»- •*- Fruit neither prickly nor scaly. . ,,. ■•-•• Carpels flattened dorsally. = Fruit with plane seed -face, numerous oil-tubes, depressed stylo- podium and filiform ribs. 22. Pimpinella. Calyx-teeth obsolete, carpel with equal slender ribs. = = Fruit with concave seed face, numerous oil-tubes and fili- form ribs. 23. Masenium. Calyx-teeth prominent, stylopodium depressed ; oil-tubes usually 3 in the intervals, unequal, 2-4 on the commissure. 24. Ealophns. Calyx-teeth prominent, stylopodium conical ; oil-tnbes 1-5 in the intervals, 4-8 on the commissure. 29. Baplenrnm. Calyx teeth obs-lete: fruit tbl ng, with rather br:ad commissure. Carpels terete or slightly fiattened laterally. = Fruit linear-oblong, with concave seed-face and conical stylopo- dium. 28. Leiber{fla. Fruit flattened laterally, linear, beaked stylopodium wanting. 27. Osmorhiza. Calyx-tube obsolete, fruit acute at both ends, oil-tubes obsolete in mature fruit. 28. Glycosma. Calyx-teeth obs lete : fruit linear to linear-oblong, not attenuate at base. = = Fruit with concave seed-face depressed stylopodium, and numerous oil-tubes. 29. Yalsea. Carpel somewhat flattened laterally with prominent equal filiform ribs. = = = Fruit with plane seed-face and depressed stylopodium. a. Oil-tubes numerous, ribs broad and corky. ^ 246 UMBELLIFER^. DAUCU8. ■'l' 80. Siani. Calyx-lobes minute carpels with prominent corky nearly equal ribs ; seed subangular. ' ' b. Oil-tubes solitary in all the intervals. 81. ApiuiH. Calyx-lobes obsolete; fruit ovate or broader than long: oil- tubes 2 on the commissure. c. Eibs filiform. 82, ZiKiii. Calyx-lobes prominent; etylopodium wanting; seed sulcate beneath the oil-tubes. terete == = = = Fruit with solitary oil-tubes. plane seed-face conical stylopodium and 88. Carniii. rialyx-lobes small, carpels with filiform or inconspicuous ribs seeds dorsallv fattened. 84. Tseiiioplearum. ribs. Calyx-lobes prominent carpel with broad salient 85. Clcnta. Calyx-lobes rather prominent carpels with strong flattlsh corky ribs, the lateral ones the largest. = = = = = Fruit with plane seed-face conical stylopodium and numerous oil-tubes. 86. Bernla Calyx-lobes minute; carpel nearly globose with very slender ribs thick corky i>ericarp and terete seeds. Carpels strongly flattened laterally stylopodium de- *♦ t* *♦ pressed. 87. Hydrocotyle. Caylx-lobes minute or none carpel with 5 primary riba and filiform intermediate ones. I I. Fruit ivith secondary ribs the mosf prominent or the onhj \ ones: oil tubes beneath the secondary ribs or wanting. 1 DAUCUS Tourn. L. Gen. n. a33. Bristly annual or biennial herbs with pinnately decompound leaves loliaceous and cleft involucral bracts, entire or toothed involucels and white flowers in concava umbels. Calyx-lobe* obsolete. Fruit oblong flattened dorsally. Carpel with 5 slen- der bristly prim; y ribs and 4 winged secondary ones, each bearing a single row of prominent barbed prickles. Stylopodi- um depressed or wanting. Oil-tube solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Seed-face concave or almost plane. D. pnsillas Michx. Fl. i, 161. Stemg retrorsely papillate-hispid, from an inch to 2 feet high : leaves finely dissected into nariowly linear- segments: umbels unequally few to many-rayed; rays 6-18 lines long; pedicels very unequal. 1-8 lines long. On dry rocky or sterile ground. Brit. Columbia to California and across the continent. D. Oarota L. (the CULTIVATED CARROT.) Stems bristly 1-4 feet high; leaves rather coarsely divided, the ultimate segments lanceolate and cu8- pidate, umbels with' numerous elongated rays and prominent involucels. Escaped from gardens and extensively naturalized. 11 , . ;han long : uil- CAUCAUS. CORIANUKUM. UMBELLIFER^'. 2 CAUCALIS L. Gen. n. 331. 247 Mostlj' hispid annual lierbs with pinnately dissected leaves ami wl.ite flowers. Calyx-iobes prominent Fruit ovate or ob- long flattened laterally. Carpel with 5 filiform bristly primary ribs?, and 4 prominent winged secondary ones with barbed or hooked prickles. Stylopodium thick-conical. Oil>tubes solitary in the intervals (that is under the secondary ribs), 2 on the com- missure. Seed face deeply sulcate. . - C, niicrocarpa Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey 348. Stem slender, erect, 3-15 inches high, nearly glabrous: leaves much dissected; slightly hispid: umbels at the ends of t^e stems and branches, very unequally 3-6 rayed involucre foliaceous the bracts divided : involucela of entire or somewhat divided bractlets : rays slender, 3 inches long or less, ped'cels very unequal ; fruit oblong, 2-3 line's long armed with rows of hooked prickles, the pri- mary lateral ribs near and pushed around upon the commissural face while the adjoining secondary ones become marginal. Eastern Washing- ton and Oregon to California and Arizona. 3 CORIANDRUM L. Gen. n. 356. Slender branching glabrous annuals with pinnately compound leaves, no involucre, involucels of several small narrow bractlets, and white flowers. Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit globose, with broad commissure carpels with inconspicuous secondary ribs Stylopodium conical. Oil-tubes beneath the secondary ribs, and obscure, the commissural pair large. Seeds dorsally flat- tened with somewhat concave face. C. s\tivi;m L the common coriander has epcaped from gardens and is I seen along roadsides in places. //. Fruit with 'primary ribs only 4 ANGELICA L. Gen. n. 347. Stout perennial branching herbs with ternately or pinnately I compound leaves, scanty involucre or none, involucels of small bractlets or none and large terminal umbels of usually white flowers. Calyx-teeth mostly obsolete. Fruit ovate or oblong, ivith prominent crenulate disk. Carpels with strong ribs, the lateral ones broadly winged, the wings distinct from those of the opposite carpel, thus forming a double-winged margin to the fruit. Stylopodium depressed or sometimes slightly conical. I Oil-tubes 1-several in the intervals, 2-10 on the commiss^:':e. * Oil-tubas solitary in all the intervals. A. genunexa Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 620. Stems stout 2-6 feet hi^h, I glabrous except the rough -pubescent inflorescence; leaves once or twice ternate, the divisions often deflexed; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, more or less acuminate, irregularly and sharply serrate: u.ubel equally many- I rayed, with no involucre, and involucels of numerous linear bractlets, jraysaninch or more long; fruiting pedicels 4-ti lines long; fruit nearly round, emarginate at base and apex, glabious; lateral wings broader than I the body : oil-tnbes 2 on the commissure : seed-face plane. In wet places ; I Oresfon to Alaska, west of the Cascades. UMBELLIFER^. .NOELICA. 8ELINUM. A. Lyallii Wataon Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 374. Stout, 4-5 feet liiirli, glabrous; leaves once or twice ternate then quinate, the uppermost re- duced to large inflated petioles; leaflets ovate to lanceoUte. acute or acutLsh, unequally dentate ; umbel unequally many-rayed with neither invohure nor involucels : rays >^-4 inches long; fruiting pedicels thick, a line or less long : fruit oblong to obovate, glabrous 2-3 lines long; lateral wingn as broad or broader than the body, oil-tubes 2 on the commissure: seed-lace broadly concave. In the mountains, Urejjon to Brit. Columbia, Montana and Idaho. A. argata Nutt. 1. c. Stout 2-4 feet high, glabrous or the inflores- cence sometimes minutely puberulent: leaves ternate then pinnate or bipinnate ; leaflets mostly small, ovate to lanceolate, rather acute, serrate : um'iel ra'iher equally many-rayed with neiti^er involucre nor involucels : rays 1-3 inches long ; pedicels 3-5 lines long, fruit oblong-elliptical, glab- rous 3-4 lines long, dorsal and intermediate ribs thick and slightly elevat- ed ; lateral wings very corky, thick and broad as the much flattened body or broader, oil-tubes 2 on thecommissure (sometimes 4 in 2 distinct pairi«) : seed sulcate beneath the oil-tubes with plane face. Along high mountain streams, Oregon and "Washington. A. Hendersoni C. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 80. Very stout densely tomen- tose throughout, especially the inflorescence and whitened lower surface of the leaves : leaves quinate then pinnate; leaflets thicJ^,. broadly ovate, 2-4 inches long by 2-3 broad, obtuse, serrate : umbel equally many rayed with no involucre and involucels of numerous linear-acuminate bractlets : rays 1-2 inches long : pedicels a line or less long : fruit oblong more or less pu- bescent, 3 lines long : dorsal and intermediate ribs prominent ; lateral wings thick and corky, as broad as the i ody : oil-tubes 2 on the commissure, seecl deeply sulcate beneath the oil-tubes, with plane face. Bluffs moistened by the sea spray Washington and Oregon -. * * Oil-tubes in pairs in some of the intervals. A. Canbyi C. & R. Rev. Umb. 40. Rather stout, 2-3 feet high, gla- brous except the pu^'erulentinfloi-escence : leaves bipinnate : leaflets lanceo- late to ovate-lanceolate 1-2 inches long acute or acuminate, laciniately toothed : umbel rather equally lO-20-rayed, with neither involucre nor involucels; rays 1-2 inches long : pedicels slender 3-4 lines long : flowers pinkish : stylopodium conical : fruit oblong, glabrous at maturity ; dorsal and intermediate ribs thin and very prominent somewhat winged ; lateral wings rather thin half as broad as the body ; oil-tubes solitary m the dorsal intervals in pairs in the lateral ones, 4 on the commissure; seed-face plane. Eastern Washington to Southern Oregon. 5 SELINUM L. Gen. n. 3?"'. Tall stout branching perennials with pinnately decompound leaves, few-leaved involucre, involucels of numerous bractlets and white flowers. Calyx-lobes obsolete. Fruit oblong to obo- vate with more or less prominent disk. Carpels with prominent winged ribs, the laterals usually broader.Oi 1-tubes corspicuou", 2-4 on the commissure. Seed sulcate beneath the oil-tubes, with plane face. S. capltellatnm Watson, Bot. King, 126. Very stout, 1-5 feet high, smooth except the tomentose infloresence; leaves large with much dilated petioles bipinnate, the few leaflets oblong to linear-lanceolate, an inch or two long, coarsely laciniately toothed or lobed: umbel equally 6-12 rayed, with globose umbellets of sessile pubescent flowers having involucels of a SET INUM. HERACLEUM. UMBELLIFR^* 249' aturity; dorsal few deciduous bractleta : rays 1-2 inches long : fruit sessile and dilated ; re-> ceptacie, hirsute, cuneate-obovate, 3 lines long: lateral wings broader than the dorsal and intermediate ones. Along stream banks eastern Oregon to- yt'vada and California. S. Kingli Watson, Bot. King, 126. Smooth, 1-2 feet high : lower leaves tipinnate the upper nearly simply pinnate with dilated petioles; leaflets cvate or linear lanceolate, 1-3 inches long, coarsely and unequally serrate; 1 mbel 5-10 rayed, with no involucels; pedicels 2-3 lines long, fruit broadly ovate, hispid, 2-3 lines long; lateral wings broader than the narrow dorsal and intermediate ones. Aquatic in mountain swamps Eastern Washington to Nevada and California. S. Dawsoni 0. & R. Bot. Gaz;, xiii, 144. A foot or so high glabrous: leaves ternate then pinnate, the small ovate acute segments laciniately toothed to entire: umbel with involucels of linear-oblong scarious bractlets longer than the pedicels and abruptly ending in a longer attenuation : ped- icels 1-2 lines long, fruit oblong, smooth about 2 lines long, \\ ith promi- nent wings, the lateral ones but little broader. At Pelly Banks Yukon river, lat. 61deg., perhaps Northern Washington. S. Beuthaini Watson. Bibl. Ind. 432. Glabrous throughout: leaves ternate then pinnate the oblong to linear-oblong acute segments 6-9 lines long, laciniately toothed or lobed to entire; umbels on stout peduncles, 10-16 rayed, with an involucre of a few linear setaceous bracts, and involucels of eeveral elongated linear entire bractlets equalling the flowers or longer; rays about an inch long; pedicels 2-3 lines long: fruit ovate, 2 lines long, often with a single prominent calyx -tooth. Arctic shores and mountains to Queen Charlotte Islands, perhaps Northern Washington. S» Hookerl Watson C. & R. Rev. Uuvb. -io. Conioselinuvi Fisheri of Anthers in part. Stout, 2-3 feet high, gla' rous except the somewhat pu- benilent inflorescence: leaves large with much dilated petioles bipinnatifid, the narrowly ovate to linear-oblong acute segments an inch or less long, laciniately toothed or lobed to entire: umbel 10-25 rayed, with involucre of few deciduous linear-setaceous bracts, and involucels of narrowly linear more or less elongated bractlets ; rays about an inch long ; pedicels 2-3 lines long : fruit oblong, glabrous, 2-3 lines long, with prominent but scarcely winged dorsal and intermediate ribs and rather broadly winged' thickish lateral ribs. Ocean bluff mouth of the Columbia to Alaska. 6 HERACLEUM L. Gen. n. 345. Tall stout perennial herbs with large ternately compound leaves, deciduous involucres, involucels of numerous bractlets and large many-rayed umbels of white flowers Avith obcordate petals. Calyx-lobes small or obsolete. Fruit broadly ovate, very much ttattene.1, somewhat pubescent. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform ; the broad lateral wings con- tiguous to those of the other carpel, strongly nerved towards the outer margin. Stylopodium thick conical. Oil-tubes about half as long as the carpel 2-4 on the commissure. Seed very much flattened dorsally. H. lanatnm Michx Fl. i, 166. Very stout, 4-8 feet high, pubescent or wooUv above : petioles much dilated; leaflets petiolulate round-cordato 4-10 inches broad irregularly cut-toothed : rays 2-6 inches long : fruit 4-S' lines long, somewhat pubescent. Wet grounds, Alaska to California and' across the continent. lij liHii 260 UMBELLIFERyE. 7 PASTINACA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 362. PA8TISACA. COL PTERA. Calyx-ioljes obsolete. Fruit oval, very much flattened, gliili- rous. Carpel with broad lateral wings continuous to those of the opposite carpt'l. and strongly nerved towards the outer margin. Stylopodium depressed but prominent. Oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. Seed very much flat- tened dorsally. Tall stout biennial herbs with pinnately com- pound leaves and yellow flowers. P. SATiVA L the common parsnip is introduced almost everywhere. The leaflets are ovate to oblong and cut-toothed. 8 COLOPTERA C. & R. Rev. Umbelif. 49. Dwarf sandy ground plants with small leaves, no involucro involucels of foliaceous more or less united bractlets and yellow- flowers. Calyx-lobes obsolete or evident. Fruit : ate, glabrous. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform or winged and approximate ; lateral wings broad very thick and corky, coherent till maturity with those of the other caipel forming a broad corky margin to the fruit usually thicker than the fru»t proper. Oil-tubes very small, 4-8 in the intervals, 8-14 on the commis- sure. Seed very flat with plane or slightly concave face. C. Parryl C. & R. 1. c 50. Acaulescent, 2-6 inches high : leaves email, ovate in outline, bipinnate with very small oblong tsegmenta: in- volucels of slightly united bractlets: fruit with prominent corky and undulate dorsal and intermediate wings. N. W. Wyoming, to be looked for in Idaho. 9 LEPTOT^NIA Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 629. Stout glabrous short-caulescent perennial herbs with thick often very large fusiform roots, usually pinnately decompound leaves, involucre of few bracts or none, involucels of numerousi email bractlets and yellow or purple flowers. Calyx-lobes obso- lete or evident. Fruit oblong-elliptical, glabrous. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform or obscure and ap- proximate ; lateral wings broad very thick and corky, coherent until maturity with those of the other carpel, commissural face with a prominent central longitudinal ridge left after separation from the carpophore. Oil-tubes 3-6 in the intervals 4-6 on the commissure, mostly small, sometimes obsolete. Seed very flat, with plane or slightly concave face. * Oil-tubes obsolete or very obscure. L. dissecta Nutt. 1. c 630. Ferula dissohita Watson Bot Cal. i, 271. Stems stout, 1-3 feet high, leafy at base: leaves broad, a foot or so long, ternate and thrice pinnate : segments ovate or oblong 6-12 lines long pin- natifldly laciniate-lobed and toothed, puberulent on the veins and margins; umbel 8-20 rayed, with an involucre of few linear bracts, involucels oli eeveral linear bractlets ; rays 2-5 inches long : flowers yellow or purplish ; fruit sessile or nearly so 5-9 lines long, about 3 lines broad : seed-face plane. Brit. Columbia to California. / LEFTOT^NIA. PEUCEOANUM. UMBELL1FER.E. 251 L. maltiflda Nutt. 1. c. '^frw/a muUijida (hay. Stems 1-2 feet lii«li, Boiuewliiit spreading, leaves ternate and pinnate : umV)elH mustly \> itliout involucre, pedicels of the fruit 3-12 lines long: fruit 4-H lines long: seed- faie concare. Brit Columbia to California, Utah and Montana. « # Fruit with oil-tubes and pedicels. L. Watsonl C. Jt R. 1. c. 52. J^ow, a foot high or less, rather stout, soinewh> '^ranching: leaves few and small, at or near the base, ternate- pinnately de'^ompound, the ultimate segments very small, ovate and cus- pidate : umVjei with 5-10 variously elongated divaricate rays, no involucre ami involucels of few setaceous bractlets: rays 2-4 inches long: fruiting pedicels about 6 lines long and divaricate; fruit 6 lines long: oil-tubes 3 in the intervals: seed face concave. In the Wenatchee region, Washington. L. minor Rose in Herb. Stetr^s about a foot high, glabrous: leaves very much dissected, the alternate segments linear or filiform : umV)el 8-20- rayed, with no involucre, and involucels of several linear aecuminate bractlets; rays 3-4 inches long; flowers purple: fruit 6-9 lines long as long as the pedicels 4-6 lines broad ; wings verj' corky margined : oil-tube prominent, 3 in the intervals of the distinct dorsal and intermediate ribs, 4 on the commissure. On stony hillsides in the John Day country, Oregon. L. purpurea C. & R. 1. c. Ferula purpurea stemmed "from a large thick root; stems 2-4 feet Watson Stout many- high, whole plant glau- cous \.ith a white T^loom: leaves ample very finely dissected, ultimate segments linear or filiform umbel many rayed with no involucre and in- volucels of several bractlets rays 3-4 inches long ; flowers purple : fruit 9-12 lines long as long as the pedicels; 6-6 lines broad with very promi- nent corky margins to the wings : oil-tubes prominent. 3 in the intervals of the distinct dorsal and intermediate ribs, 4 on the commissure. On rocky hillsides along the Columbia river, near the mouth of the Klickitat. L. Callfornlca Nutt. i. c. 630. Ferula Californica Gray. Rather stout, 1-3 feet high, with 1 or 2 stem leaves: leaves ternate and pinnate or twice ternate; leaflets cuneate-ol)ovate 1-2 inches long, usually 3-lobed, coarsely toothed above : umbel 15-20 rayed, with involucre of 1-2 narrow Itracts or none and no involucels; rays 2-4 inches long, x>edicel8 2-4 lines long; fruit 5-7 lines long, 3-4 lines biroad, with a thinner margin than any other species ; dorsal and intermediate ribs distinct : oil-tubes 3-4 in the intervals 6 on the commissure. On dry hillsides, Southern Oregon to California. 10 PEUCEDANUM Koch Umb. f. 28 and 29, L. Gen. n. 339. Short caulescent or acaulescent perennial or biennial herbs with fusiform or tuberous roots, ternate or pinnate to dissected leaves, no involucre, involucels usually present, and yellow, white or pinkish flowers. Calyx-lobes obsolete or evident. Fruit ol^long to suborbicular. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs fili- form and approximate ; lateral wings broad and thin, coherent till maturity with those of the other carpel, forming a broad, membranous wing to the fruit ; commissural face without a prominent longitudinal ridge alter separation from the carpo- phore. Oil-tubes 1-8 in the intervals, 2-10 on the commissure. Seed flat with plane or slightly concave face. ^ I. Mostly low, from globose tubers : leaves small more or less dis- sected, with short segments: wings of the fruit narrow: oil-tubes 252 UMBELLIFERiE. pbccbdanum. mostly solitary in the intervalB, or with accessory ones in some species. * Always acaulescent, mostly glabrous. •f- Flowers white. P. Hendersonl C. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 210. Scapes 4-6 inches lon^', decumbent from a shallow constricted tuber ($-12 lines in diameter; loaves ternate then bipinnate, ultimate segments short and obtuse: umbel equally 2-6-rayed, with involucels of linear acuminate scarious bractlets ; rays <> lines long; pedicels 1-2 lines long; fruit ovate very glabrous 2)^8 lines loiij; by 2 lines broad, with thickish narrow wings more or less involute and a rather prominent ridge on the commissural face: oil-tubes solitary in tlio intervals, 2 on the commissure: seed face plane. On high hill-tops, Joliu Day Valley, Eastern Oregon. P. Caiibyl C. & R. 1 c 78. Scai)e3 erect, 3-8 inches high, with a short underground stem from a thick more or less elongated root whifli ends in a globose tuber 6-15 lines in diameter: leaves ternate pinnate or bipinnate, ultimate set^ments small with 3-6 linear-oblong lobes : uml)el equally 5-10-rayed, with involucel of narrowly linear scarious-margineil bractlets : rays 1-2 inches long : pedicels 4-6 lines long ; fruit oblong-ovate, glabrous, 4 lines long, with wings about half as broad as the bofly : oil- tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 or 4 on the commissure. Hij^h ridges, Eastern Oregon and Washington. ' P. Oeyeri Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 293. Low, glabrous; mot moniliform with 2 or 3 small globose tubers: leaves ternate-quinate, with linear leaflets 4-9 lines long: umbel small with unequal rays : involucel of several linear acutninate bractlets; mature fruit unknown. Collected liy Geyer Spalding and Lyall, not since reported. P. farinosnm Geyer Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi, 2.35. Somewhat caulescent : stems slender from a rather deep-seated small roui.Huber 4-6 lines in diameter with numerous clusters of fine rootlets on its sur- face : leaves 2-3-ternate, with segments more or less lobed, ultimate di- visions all linear : umbel 1-8 rayed, with involucels of few small linear bractlets: rays 1-2 inches long, fruit almost sessile, oblong-elliptical, glabrous, 3-4 lines long, 2 lines broad, with wings half as broad as the body : oil-tubes small, 2-4 in the intervals, 4-6 on tlie commissure : seed- face plane. From Brit. Columbia to California and Idaho. P. Oormanl P Watsoni C. & R in Part. Stems 2-3 inches higli from a shallow globular tuber an inch or less in diameter with fascicles (f rootlets on its surface: leaves bipinnate, the ultimate divisions oblong or linear, umbel unequally 1-5 rayed with involucels of a few setaceous bractlets or none: fruit sessile or nearly so; ovate, rough- puberulent 3 lines long with wing more than half as wide as the body and conspicuous dor- sal and intermediate ribs : oil-tubes one in each rib, 2-6 on the commis- sure, seed-face plane. High hills opposite The Dalles. P. evittatnm C. & R. Eight toeighteen inches high from a deep-seated small tuber, glabrous : leaves once or twice ternate then more or less pinnate into linear, callous-tipped segments 6-12 lines long: umbel soine- what unequal 8-18-rayed with involucels of numerous purplish lanceolate acuminate gamophyllus bractlets; rays 1-2 inches long, pedicels short: fruit oblong glabrous 4-6 lines long 2/^ lines broad, with very thin wings more than half as broad as the body : oil-tubes none. Ellensburg, Wash- ington. {G. R. Vagey, 1889 ) ■*- ■*- Flowers yellow. P. Watsoni C. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 239 in Part. Low, 2-3 inches PECCEDANUM. UMBELLIFER.E. 253 leptocarp a close som _ um C, & R. Rev. Umb. 59. Fruit sesBile or nearly so somewhat divaricate cluster : rays few and very unequal. V, 2-3 inches high with a short subterranean fitem from a deep-seated fusiform root : leaves bipinnate, the ultimate divisions short and linear-objong; umbel unequally 1-5-rayed, with involucels of more or less united, often toothed hractlets": fruit sessile or nearlv so, ovate rough puberulent, 3 lines lonjr, with narrow wings, oil-tubes ofcscure, seed face planet f^imcoe Mountain»<, Washington. P. CouH Watson 1. c. xxi, 453. Glabrous or slightly puberulent, with roughish scape' 2-6 inches high from a nearly globose tuber 6-12 lines in diameter: lea> :s pinnate: leaflets 3-7 parted or cleft or even entire ; ulti- mate divisions linear-oblong: umbel unec|ually 3-10-rayed, with involu- cels of short oblong-ovate scarious-margined bractlets, rays from nearly wanting to 2 inches long ; pedicels short : fruit oblong, more or less puber- ulent, 2-4 lines long, 1-2 lines broad, with wings about half as broad as the body, and prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs; oil-tubes large, filling the intervals : 4-6 on the commissure : seed-face plane with central longitudinal ridge. On high gravelly ridges, John Day Valley, Oregon. P. ambignam Nntt. T. &(-i.Fl. 1,626. From low acaulesoent to a foot high and caulescent; glabrous : root tuberous, usually moniliform: pet- ioles much dilated at base: leaves 1-2-pinnate with more or less elongated linear leaflets, the upper often more dissecte ' : umliel unequally 8-18- rayed with mostly no involucels . rays 1-4 inches long; pedicels 2-3 lines long : fruit narrowly winged : oil-tuHes 2 on the commissure. Oregon to Brit. Columbia, Idaho and Montana. Var. making Oregon. P. circnnidatum Watson 1. c. xxii, 478. Stem solitary from a deep- seated constricted tuber, glabrous or puberulent a foot or less high : leaves ternate-quinate, the ultimate divisions linear 1-4 lines long: umbel un- equally 6-12-rayed, with involucels of conspicuous broadly oblanceolate bractlets becoming scarious; rays }4-^}4 inches long; pedicels very short: fruit oblong elliptical, glabrous^ 3-4 lines long 1>2 lines broad, with nar- row wings and very prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs : oil-tubes 4 on the commissui'e : seed-face concave with a prominent central ridge. Oregon and Washington to Dakota. ^ II. Stout, glabrous only in P. Grayi. from large roots : leaves mostly large and very finely dissected, the ultimate segments filiform or narrowly linear: fruit wings more than half as broad as the body : oil- tubes 1-3 in the intervals, (solitary in P. Grayi and P. macrocarpum). * Flowers yellow : fruit glabrous : short caulescent. P. Grayi C. & R. Bot Gaz. xiii, 209. P. millefolium Watson. Gla- brous, peduncles 2-20 inches long numerous from a thick perennial root : leaves teruate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate segments linear, elongated or short cuspiaate, very numerous: umbel rather equally 6-16-, rayed, with involucels of distinct linear-subulate bractlets; rays 1-3 inches long; pedicels 5-8 lines long: fruit oblong 4-8 lines long, 2-5 lines broad, with filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs : oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commisoure. Common on dry rocky banks Ore- gon and Washington to Utah. * * Flowers white. P. earycurpum C. & R. Rev. Umb. 61. Somewhat caulescent 6-12 inches high more or less pubescent from a long biennial caudex terminat- ing below in a fusiform tuber: leaves bipinnate, segments pinnately in- seised, ultimate divisions ovate or shortly linear: umbel somewhat UMBELLIFER.E. PCL'CEOANUM. '; >; equally fl-8-rayoil, with involnoelH of cnnsplcuouB and somewhat folia- ceoiiH fanceolato or linear gatnophyllus hractlttH: rays 1-3 incht'H loii^': pedicelH 2-5 llnefl long, calyx-lolHJH evident: fruit narrowly oblong, glahrouM 4-12 lines long 2-3 lines broad, with winga about half as wiile as the body, and filiform dorsal and intej:niediate ribs: oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals, 2 or 4 on the commissure: seed fare with a slight central longituili- nal ridge. On dry rocky ridges and plains Brit. Columbia to California. P* niacrocarpnin Nutt. 1. c. 627. Caulesceut, branching a foot or two high, more or less pubescent: leaves ternate-pinnately decompound, with small linear cuspidate segments; umbel 8-l2-rave(l with involuceln of lanceolate acuminate often united bractlets rays from ,'ij-4 inches lonj,': fruit broadly elliptical glabrous 5-H lines long: 3-4 lines broad with winga as broad as the body, on pedicels 1-5 lines long : oil-tubes large, solitary in I lio intervals, 2 on the commissure. Brit. Columbia to California. ^ III. Low and rather slender, from elongated comparatively slen- der roots leaves rather small, more or less pinnately compound. With short segments fruit-wings never broader than the body : oil-tubes 3-() in the intervaln. * Flowers white, fruit-wings more than half as wide as the l)ody. P. Xevadeiise Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 143. Glaucous- pubernlent, shortly caulescent peduncle 3-15 inches high: leaves pinnately decom- pound with small segments: umbel e(iually 6-10-rayed, with involuceis of Bcarious-marj^ined linear lanceolate bractlets : rays of ten 1-2 inches long; f)edicels 2-5 hnes long: fruit rounded to ovate, somewhat pubescent, 3-') ines long. 2-4 lines broftd, with wings almost as broad as the body and evi- dent dorsal and intermediate ribs: oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 4 or 6 on the commissure. From Northern Cal. to S. E Oregon, Utah and Ne- vada. * * Flowers yellow, fruit wings narrower. P. OreiTftnnin C. & R. Rev. Umb. 64. Acaulescent and cespitoso from a multicipital caudex, with very slender peduncles 1-2 inches high bearing a very small single umbel or sometimes two nearly sessile umbellets and one to few mattired pubernlent fruits about 2 lines long ultimate leaf segments very small, linear-oblong not cuspidate. Alpine rocks Blue and. Eagle Creek Mountains, Oregon. (Cusick ) , P. villosani Nutt. Watson Bot. King 1.31. Acaulescent more or leas densely pubescent 3-8 inches high : leaves finely dissected, with very nu- merous narrow crowded segments: umbel somewhat equally 4-5 rayed, with involuceis of ovate to linear usually very tomentose bractlets ; rays about an inch long; pedicels 1-3 lines long: fruit oval, somewhat pubes- cent with wings half as broad as the body, and prominent dorsal and in- termediate ribs : oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals 4 on the commissure, seed-face plane. Northern California and Nevada to the Yukon river. P. Donnellii C. & R. Bot. Gaz., xiii, 143. Shortly caulescent or acaulescent 6-12 inches high, glabrous from a fusiform root ; leaves ter- nate then pinnately decompound leaves with segments cleft into short oblong or hnear lobes: umbel somewhat unequally 6-12-rayed, with in- voluceis of linear acuminate bractlets : rays 1-4 inches lon^ ; pedicels 2-8 lines long: fruit ovate to broadly oblong, glabrous, 3-4 lines long, 2-3 lines broad, with wings less than half as broad as the body and projni- nent dorsal and intermediate ribs: oil-tubes small, 4-6 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure. In wet places, John Day Valley, Oregon. P. Sandbnrgil C'&R. I.e. 79. Caulescent, branching at base, an inch or two to a foot high, from an elongated comparatively slender root CBnANlIM. I'EUCKUASIM. UMBELLIFER.K. 26& newlmt folia- inclu'H loii,;: long, glahroiir) ) as the ho npounil, witli involucelH of inches loni,': ad with willies .solitary in llio ia. •atively slen- )und. With oil-tubes ii-() i the body. (us-pubernlent, inately docom- 1 involucels of 2 inches long; pubescent, 3-5 e body and evi- itervals, 4 or 6 Utah and Ne- and cespitoso -2 inches high asile umbellets ; ultimate leaf rocks Blue and, t more or less with very nu- ly 4-5 rayed, bractlets; rays newhat pubes- dorsal and in- comraissure, akon river. e caulescent or aot ; leaves ter- eft into short ayed, with in- [O ; pedicels 2-8 lines long, 2-3 ody and promi- tne intervals, )regori. _fig at base, an ly slender root riii^h pul)eHCcnt petioles wholly inflated, with a very cunspionouH white HcariouB margin ; leaves ternately or pinnately dissected, the ultimate neg- nii-nts very short, linear: umbel very unequally U-16-rayed, with iiivolu- cils of distinct linear-lanceolate bractl' is; rays 1-4 inches long; pediivls ii line or two long; flowers brigtit yellow ■ 'ruit ovate puberulent 2-2',j linen long with very narrow wings, and tili.ji'm dorsal and intermediutu ribs oil-tubes 4-5 in the intervals (J on the commissure : seed-face jdane. Bare mountain tops, Northern Idaho and Montana to Brit. Columbia. I*. iiiicrocHrpuni Howell P. C. PI. Coll. 1887. Caulewcent, branching from the base 0-lH inches high, glabrous: leaves pinnately-decoinpound the ultimate segments oblong- to linear-lanceolate: minutely cuHpulate: umltel somewhat equally lti-18-rayed with involucels of several linear- limceolate l)ractlets 1-3 lines long: pedicels 2 lines long, Howers dark yellow : fruit oblong ;i lines long 2 lines broad with narrow wings : oil-tubea 4 on the commissure. On dry cliffs, Umi)qua Valley. I) IV. Shortly caulescent, slender from elongated comparatively slender roots ; glabrous ; leaves small, lanceolate or oblong in outline, pinnate or bipinnate with ovate toothed segments. * Fruit wings half as broad as the body. P. Hallii Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 141. Peduncles elongated G-15 inches high: leaves pinnate oblong in outline, the ovate segments 'g-i'icli long, deeply toothed or pinnatifid : umbel equally S-O-rayed, with small involucels; rays about an inch long; pedicels 3-4 lines long: flowers yel- low: fruit broadly elliptical 3 lines long, 2 lines broad with ftliform dorsal iind intermediate ribs, oil-tubes 3 in the intervals 4-6 on the comtuissure. Xorthern Oregon and Washington. * * Fruit wings much broader than the body. P. Martilldalel C. & R. Hot. Gaz. xiii, 142. Caulescent pud branching, with elongated peduncles 4-12 inches high : leaves pinnate, or bipinnato with toothed or pinnatitid segment: fruit 4-7 lines long, 3-4 lines broad, with wings as broad or broader than the body, and prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, seed-face somewhat concave with central longitudinal ridge. On bluffs of the Columbia river, near the Cascades. Var. aiigustatuiii C. & R. 1. c. 143. Usually more caulescent and sometimes taller with more dissected leaves, and wings of the fruit but half a line wide making a fruit 2 lines wide. On high mountains, Brit. Columbia to California. § V. Caulescent ; from elongated comparatively slender roots: leaves decompound with narrow linear more or less elongated segments and usually wholly dilated petioles: bractlets of the mvolucels scarious- margined more or les3 conspicuous. * Wings of the fruit nearly as broad as the body, thin: oil-tubes large and solitary in the intervals: dorsal and intermediate ribs prominent. P. ntricnlatnm Nutt. T. «fe G. Fl. i, 628. Caulescent to nearly acaul- lescent, 4-12 inches high from a more or less tuberous root, puberulent or Iglabrous: petioles very broadly dilated ; leaves ternately or pinnately de- Icompound, with ultimate segments narrowly linear, 6 lines long or less : jurabel unequally 5-20-rayed with involucels of much dilated mostly obo- Ivate often toothed petiolulate bractlets; rays about 2 inches long^, pedicels |2-5 lines long ; flowers yellow; fruit broadly elliptical, glabrous, 2-5 lines llong, 1-3 lines broad: oil-tubes 4-6 on the commissure: seed face some- $66 UMBELLIFERiE. PECCEDANUM, M'hat concave. On open places, Brit. Columbia to California, west of the Cascade Mourvtains. * * "Wings of the fruit nal-row and thickish oil-tubes obsolete or very indistinct and numerous in the intervals: doisal and intermedi- ate ribs obsolete or nearly so. P. bicolor Watson But King, 129. Caulescentorscarcely so, 4-18 indie? liigh, glabrous or slightly puberulent: petioles wholly dilated ; leaves ter- nate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate segments very numerous and linear: umbel very unequally 2-12-raved, with involucels of 1-8 linear- subulate bractlets; rays 1-5 inches long; pedicels short; fruit oblong glabrous, 5-6 lines long, 1-2)^ lines broad. Eastern Oregon to Nevada And Utah. ^ VI. Mostly tall and often stout, from long fleshv roots : leaves with usually broad or elongated segments : bractlets oi the involucel small or none. * Leaves with narrowly linear more or less elongated leaflets. ■*- Low: flowers white. P. Cnslckli Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxi, 453. Caulescent, 2-5 inches ^igh, from a thick elongated root: leaves 1-2-ternate, the segments with 3-5 linear acute lobes, 3-12 lines long: umbel with 1-3 short fertile rays And involucels of narrow acuminate bractlets which are distinct or more or less united pedicels very short: fruit oblong-elliptical, 4-5 lines Icrg (the thin wings as broad as the body or narrower : oil-tubes 1-3 in the in- tervals, 4 or 6 on the commissure: seed-face concave. On the highest summits of Eagle Creek Mountains, Union county, Oregon. .♦- •*- Taller: flowers yellow. P. simplex Nutt. Watson Bot. King. 129. Caulescent, 6-18 inches high, puberulent: leaves ternate or biternate; leaflets from almost filiform to linear-lanceolate, 2-4 inches long : umbel unequally 3-15-rayed, with involucels of lanceolate or setaceous bractlets ; rays )^-3 inches long : ped- icels 1-3 lines long : fruit broadly oblong to nearly orbicular, sometimes «marginate at each end, 3-6 lines long, 2-5 lines broad, with wings broader than the bod^ and prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs : oil-tubes large and solitary in the utervals, 2 on the commissure : seed-face slightly con- cave. Eastern Washington to California, Idaho and Montana. P. trlteriiatam Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 626. Caulescent 1-3 feet high, from a deep-seated elongated fusiform root: laaves biternate or triternaie: leaflets from narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate, 2-4 inches long : uml)el unequally 5-18-rayed, with involucels of lanceolate or setaceous bractlets; rays 3^-3 inches long; pedicels a line or more long : fruit narrowly oblong, glabrous 3-6 lines long 1)^-2 lines broad with narrow wings, and some- what prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs : oil-tubes very large and broad, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Brit Columbia to -California, very variable. Var. macrocarpnm C. & R. Rev. Umb. 70. A more roVmst form with broader leaflets, longer rays and fruit 6-8 lines long. About Hood River, Oregon. Var. brerifoUnm C. & R. 1. c. Stout 6-18 inches high, rough-puber- ulent with more compact leaves, stout inflated petioles, and shorter and broader often toothed leaflets. On the high hills opposite The Dalles. Tar. alatnm C. & R. 1. c. Leaves with very narrowly linear and elongated segments fruit 5-6 lines long with broader wingb. Eastern Oregon to California. CCEDANUM. PEOCEDANDM. UMBELLIFERiE. 257 [a, west of the Pi Iteylgatam Nutt 1. c. 627. Caulescent or acaulescent, 6-15 inches high, glabrous, from shallow seated long roots : leaves triternate; leaflets linear 3-12 lines long by half a line wide: umbel unequally 10-14-rayed, with involucels ob«olete or rarely 1-3 small triangular bractlets : pedicels 4-5 lines long: fruit 4-5 lines long 1}4 ^ lines broad, with narrow wings and prominent dorsal end intermediate ribs : oil-tubes 2 on the commis- sure: seed-face more oi less concave with central longitudinal ridge. On bluffs of the Columbia River, near Celilo. * * Leaves with lanceolate or orbicular segments. P. leiocarpuin Nutt 1. c 626. Acaulescent, glabrous, 1-2 feet high, from a very long fleshy root : leaves biternate or triternate or ternate- quinate, sometimes simply ternate; leaflets thickish, from ovate to nar- rowly lanceolate 1-2 inches long, petiolulate, entire, or toothed at the apex: umbel very unequally 6-15-ra3'ed without involucels; peduncles and rays dilated at summit: rays 1-8 inches long: pedicels variable 1-9 lines long : flowers yellow : fruit narrowly oblong 5-7 lines long \%-2yn lines broad narrowly winged : oil-tubes large and solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure : seed-face somewhat concave. Brit. Columbia to Cali- fornia and Idaho. P. Nattallii Watson £ot. King. 128. Acaulescent, glabrous, 6-12 inches high : leaves once or twice ternate with ovate to orbicular leaflets with cuneate or cordate base ; fruit ovate to oblong, 4 lines long, 3 lines broad, very narrowly winged: oil-tubes small, 3 in the intervals, 4 or 6 on the commissure : seed-face almost plane. Eastern Oregon to N. Nevada and Idaho. P. Brandegel G. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 210. Short caulescent, glab- rous, 6-12 inches high from a thick elongated root; leaves ter- nately decompound the ultimate segments lanceolate, 6-12 lines long, cuspidate : umbel 6-12-rayed, with involucels of few linear or seta- ceous bractlets : rays 3-6 lines long ; pedicels not more than a line long, both reflexed at maturity : flowers yellow : calyx-teeth evident . fruit (im- mature) oblong, about 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, with wings r.bout half as broad as the body, and prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs: oil- tubes 2-4 in the intervals 4 or 6 on the commissure. Near Walla Walla, Washington. {Brandegee.) * * * Very stout and tall with large decompound leaves and linear oblong segments. P. Saksdorfli Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 369. Caulescent, 2-4 feet high : leaf-segments 1-2 inches long, entire or 2-S-cieft at the top : umbel Bomewhat equallv 6-12-rayed with involucels of linear acuminate oractlets; rays 1-5 inches ' ng ; pedicels 3-9 lines long : flowers yellow : fruit nar- rowly oblong, 9-^* hues long 3-6 lines wide wi^^^h wings narrower than the body, and ^'ery prominent dorsal and intermediate ribs : oil-tulies solitary in the intervals, very large, 2 on the commissure : seed-face somewhat concave. Dry rocky mountain sides, Klickitat county, Washington. § VII. Low shortly caulescent or acaulescent, from a thick elong- ated root, glabrous : leaves ternate or pinnate with broad oblong or round coarsely cuspid, te-toothed leaflets, flowers yellow: fruit-wings veiT broad, often sever vl times broader than the Dody: oil-tubes 3-4 or solitary in the intervals. P. Howellii Watson 1. c. Short caulescent, peduncles 12-15 inches high : leaves biternate to biquinate : leaflets cuneate-orbicular to round- cordate, acutely dentate, often 3-lobed, 6-12 lines long : umbel with elong- ated and divaricate fertile rays with involucels of acuminate lanceolate V, f i 258 UMBELLIFER^. PSKCDOOYMOPTEHCS. CYMOPTEBUS. bractieta; pedicels 4 lines long: fruit glabrous, broadly elliptical or nearly orbicular, emar^inate, with wings broader than the body, 4 lines long, oil-tubes 3 or 4 m the intervals 4-10 on the commissure. On dry hill- sides, near Waldo, Josephine county, Oregon. 11 PSEUDOOYMOPTEPUS C. & R. Rev Umb. 74. Mostly low glabrous perennials from a thick elongated root. with bipinnate leaves, no involucre and involucels of nanow bractlets mostly longer than the flowers. Calyx-lobes evident. Fruit ovate or oblong. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs very prominent and acute : lateral wings rather broad and thiclc- ish, distinct from those of the other carpel. Oil-tubes 1-4 in the intervals, 2-6 on the commissure. P. anisatns C. & R. 1. c. 75. Acaulescent, cespitose from a much branched caudex which is more or less covered M'itn the remains of old leavess: leaves on long petioles, narrow, somewhat rigid, pinnate and the leaflets pinnately-parted into linear pungently acute segments : peduncles 6-12 inches long exceeding the leaves: umbel unequally 5-l2-rayed, with involucels of linear-subulate bractlets exceeding the white or yellow flowers: rays )^-3 inches long: pedicels 1-3 lines long: fruit al)out 2 lines long, the carpel irregularly 2-5-winged; oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 2 nr 4 on the commissure : seed-face plane. Oregon to Wyoming, Utah anl Colorado. Fruit not flattened either way or but sligh'y so. * * +• Fruit with all the ribs conspicuously winged ; ^" pressed or wanting. 12 lium dt- CYMOPTERUS Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 100. Mostly low perennials from thick elongated roots with more or less pinnate ly compound leaves, mostly no involucre, promi- nent involucels and white, yellow or purple flowers Calyx- lobes more or less prominent. Fruit usually globose, somewluit flattened laterally if at all. Carpel somewhat flattened dor^ally with mostly 5 broad thin equal wings, lateral wings distiiK t from those of the other carpel. Stylopodium depressed. Oil- tubes 1-several in the intervahj, 2-8 on the commissure. C. terebinthinns T. & G. Fl. i, 624. Shortly caulescent, decuaibent. 6-18 inches long, leafy at base: leaves rather rigid, thrice pinnate; leatiet.* a line long or less, linear or linear oblong, entire or toothed, mucronute; umbel with 4-15 fertile rays, mostly no involucre, and involucels of slmrt linear or lanceolate bractlets; rays 3^-2 inches long; pedicels 1-5 line.* long: flowers yellow : fruit 3-4 lines long, the 5 carpel- wings broad uml thin : oil-tubes 2-6 in the intervals, 5-10 on the commissure. Brit. Colum- bia to California, Wyoming and Colorado. C glancns Nutt. Journ. Philad. Acad, vii, 28. Leaves and peduncles clustered at the summit of a short caudex, more or less scabrous-puljeru- lent: leaves tripinnate the ultimate segments crowded, linear-oblon^'. with revolute margins: peduncles at first short, elongated in fruit luiil exceeding the leaves : umbels 5-15-rayed, with an involucre of setacenn? bracts or none and involucels of linear acute bractlets ; rays 4-12 line> long; pedicels 2-3 lines long; flowers white : fruit 2-3}4 lines long, the 2-5 I MOPTERL'S. ?TEBCS. tical or nearly , 4 lines long, On dry hill- .74. jngated root. 8 of narrow ibes evidont. rmediate ribs id and thiok- ,ube8 1-4 in from a much remains of old ►innate and the mts: peduiK'les -l2-rayed, with :iite or vbUdw lit about 2 lines e intervals, •-' or ling, Utah iuil yao. PHELLOPTEBUS. LIGD8TICUM. UMBELLIFER^:. 259 carpel-winge rather narrow ; oil-tuljes 3-5 iu the broad intervals 6-8 on the commissure : seed-face deeply sulcate or involute. Nevada to Idalio and Montana. 13 PHELLOPTEBUS Benth. B. & H. Gen. Plant, i, 905. 100. ots with niore olucre, proiai- wers Calyx- jise, somewliiit ;ened dorsally wings distinct pressed. <^il- isure. ent, decuuibent, pinnate; leatlets led, mucronatt ■: rolucelsof short dicels 1-5 line? vings broad ami e. Brit. CoUun- s and peduncles cabrous-puberu- , linear-oblonji. ,ed in fruit ami icre of setaceous ; rays 4-12 lin*^: nes long, the 2-o A low tomentose seashore herb with once or twice ternate or ternate-pinnate thick leaves ovate to roundish more or less con- fluent leaflets that are densely white-tomentose beneath, involu- cre and involucels of subulate bracts and glomerate white flowers. Calyx-lobes small. Fruit globose, glabrous. Carpel somewhat flattened dorsally, with 5 equal broad and corky-thiokened wings ; lateral wings distinct from those of the other carpel. Stylopodi- um depressed. Oil-tubes 2-3 in the intervals, 4-(i on the com- missure. Seed-face slightly concave. P. littoralis Schmidt. Fl. Sachel in Mem. Acad Petrop. 7, xii, TIS. Subacaulescent : petioles elongated ; leaflets callous-serrate to dentate, with impressed veinlets above, 1-2 inches long: umbel shorter than the leaves, 10-12-rayed; rays 6-12 lines long; umbellets capitate: fruit 4-5 lines in I diameter the wings 1)^ lines broad. On shifting sands of the seashore, Vancouver Island to fSouthern Oregon. 14 THASPIUM Nutt. Gen. i, 196.' Perennial herbs with ternately divided leaves with broad .'•er- Irate or toothed leaflets, mostly no involucre, involucels of small bractlets mostly yellow flowers and all the fruits pedicelled. Calyx-lobes conspicuous. Fruit ovoid to oblong, slightly flat- tened dorsally if at all, mostly glabrous. Carpel witli 3 or 4 or all the ribs strongly winged. Stylopodium wanting; styles llong. Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure : ISeed sulcate beneath the oil-tubes, almost terete or somewhat |dorsally flattened with plane face. T. aurenn) Nutt. 1. c. Glabrous : radical leaves mostly cordate, ser- Irate : stem leaves simply ternate : leaflets ovate to lanceolate, rounded or [tapering at base, serrate : umbel 8-12-rayed; rays 6-12 lines long; pedicels labout a line long, flowers deep yellow: fruit globose-ovoid, about 2 lines long, all the ribs equally winged. Thicicets and woodlands through the lEastern States. Var. trifollatam C. & U. Bot. Gaz. xii, 136. Leaves or leaflets cre- ^ately-toothed. Ohio and Illinois to Orfigon and Brit. Columbia. Var. inyolncratnm C. & R. I. c. Radical leaves twiie or thrice ter- bate; leaflets as in the species : umbel with conspicuous involucre of ser- rate bracts and involucels of numerous toothed bractlets often as long as fhe pedicels which are 2-3 lines long. Kootenai county, Idaho (Leiberg.) * * Fruit with all the ribs prominent and equal ; stylopodium con- ical: oil-tubes numerous. 15 LIGUSTIOUM Linn. Gen. n. 346. Smooth perennials from large aromatic roots ; with large ter- late-pinnately compound leaves, mostly no involucre, involucels ' narrow bractlets and white flowers in large man3'-rayed um- !v.. ,|.: 280 UMBFLLIFERJ3 liglsticum. bels. Calyx-lobes obsolete. Fruit oblong or ovate, flattened laterally if at all, glabrous. Oil-tubes 2-6 in the intervals (i-lO on the commissure. Seed with round or angled back and jilane to deeply concave face. * Leaves ternatelj' decompound the broad leaflets simplv toothed or serrate: seed-face plane. L. Scaticam L. Sp 259. Steins simple, 1-2 feet high, somewha'. leafy, with glabrous inflorescence: leaves biternate; leaflets ovate, 1-2 inches long, coarsely toothed : umbel 8-l6-rayed, with involucels cl seveii! linear bractlets; rays at length 1-3 inches long: fruit narru*vly oblong, 4-5 lines long, with prominent somewhat winged ribs: oil-tubes small 2 or 3 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure r seed flattened dorsally with Irounded back Alaska to Brit. Columbia,, perhaps Washington, also on theN. Eastern coast. * * Leaves ternate plnnately compound with leaflets laciniately toothed or pinnatifid. L. scopnlorani Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 347. Stout, 2-3 feet high,, more or less leafy, with puberulent inflorescence : lower leaves often venT large, twice or thrice ternate, then once or twice 2'iiraate; segments oratei laciniately pinnatifld; upper leaves often ternate-pinnate or simply pin- nately compound : umbel of numerous rays with involucels of severaU narrowly linear elongated bractlets : raj^s at length 2-3 inches long ; pediJ eels 6 lines long : fruit oblong, about 3 lines Ions', with somewhat promiJ nent conical stylopodium, and prominent somewhat winged ribs: oil] tubes .3-5 in the inliervals, 6-8 on the commissure: seed somewhat dor! sally flattened, with angled or sulcate back and face with a broad siiallon cavity and central longitudinal ridge. In the coast mountains of Souther Oregon, tSierra county, California, and the mountains o£ Colorado L. tennifoliain Watson Proc Am. Acad xiv, 293 Stem slender, 1-| feet liigh, naked above the base or with a single leaf, bearing 1-3 glabro umbels: leaves small, ternate then pinnately decompound, finely did sected with laciniately divided leaflets the ultimate segments linear ani short: umbel few-rayed, with involucels of 1 or 2 narrowly linear braclj lets; rays about an inch long ; pedicels 2-3 lines long: fruit oh. ong I'j lines long, with narrow ribs: oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8onth commissure. Union county, Oregon, to Colorado. L apiifolinni Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viil, 845. Stems 2-t feet hig^ few-leaved or almost naked ; inflorescence puberulent r leaves mostly rad cal, ternate or biternate then once or twice pinnate; the segments ovati laciuiattly pinnatifid : umbel of numerous rays, wi*h involucels of sever| narrowly linear elongated bractlets ; rays at length stv.'r^it 2 inches loni pedicels 2-4 lines long: fruit oval 1)^-2 lines long, with sho.-^ conical .styll poclium and narrow acute ribs: oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 4-6 on tif commissure: seed with round back and more or less deeply coneaj face, and a prominent central longitudinal ridge. In the mountains] Oregon and Washington. L. Grayi C. & R. Rev. Umb 88 Stems 1-2 feet high, with leaves < nearly radical, and glabrous inflorescence: leaves ternate then pinnal the segments ovate, laciniately pinnatifid: umbel of numerous rayj wij involucels of several narrowly linear elongated bractlets : rays 1-2 inclf long ;pedicel82-4 lines long :fruit narrowly oblong,2-2>8 lines long, with i conical stylopodia and narrow prominent almost winged ribs : oil-tub 3-5 in the intervals, 8 (m the commissure : seed stronglv flattened dorsalj with angled back and face but slightly concave, with no central ridi i (XSU on ICommoE L. ve tterticillai Icies, and J "shady | iPerces," Stout very lar Liimeroi Irayed ui Nightly Ithick ai Ithe intei (all adher C. 6mi [acute irrei |i.:''he8 Ion long, with [of wash in] C, mai [lets broad, jcrenate-dei pedicels 0- [broader th mouth of Dwarf Ifusiform volucre, subcompc minute. [Carpel ni liate ribs fxtended lissural thick corl jfery smaT 0. line] peep-seated pies; leaflel »yed, witl ommissurl flah. 0. msi^ inches higf leaflets of t^ nit about! (XELOPLEURDM. OROOENIA. UMBELLIFERiE. 261 ets laciniatdy I Common from Washington to California. L. vertlclUatnm C. & R. Cont. Nat. Herb, iii, 320, t. 12. Amjelica htrticillata Hook. I have neither specimens nor description of this spe- Iciea, and the plate cited is not sufficient to draw one from : it is found on I "shady grassy borders of pine M'oods of the high plains of the Nez IPerces," Idaho. rs CCELOPLEUEUM Ledeb. Fl. Ross, ii, 361. Stout glabrous sea-coast perennials with 2-3-ternate leaves on very large inflated petioles, few-leaved involucre, involucel of aiimerous small bractlets and greenish-white flowers in many- rayed umbels. Calyx-lobes obsolete. Fruit globose to oblong, slightly flattened laterally if at all, glabrous. Carpel with very thick and prominent corky ribs. Oil-tubes small, one in tlie interval and 1 or 2 under each rib, 2-4 on the commissure, all adhering to the seed which is loose in the pericarp, C. Gmellni Ledeb. I.e. Stems stout, 1-3 feet high: leaflets ovate, icute irregularly cut-serrate 2-3 inches long. l-1}4 inches broad : rays 1-1)2 ^hes long: pedicels 3-4 lines long: fruit globose to oblong 2-^)4 Hues long, with ribs all nearly equal and seed-face plane. Alaska to the coust of Washington, also on the Northern Atlantic coast. C, maritimnm C. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 145. Stems 2-3 feet high : leaf- lets broad, often round, usually with cordate base, very obtuse, dentate or Icrenate-denate, 2)-2-3 inches long, 2>2 inches broad : rays 2-S inches long ; Ipedicels 6-7 lines long : fruit oblong 3-3)^ lines long, with lateral ribs Ibroader than the others, and seed-face plane. Wet ocean bluffs near the Imouth of the Columbia and southward. 17 OROiiENIA Watson Bot, King, 120, t, 15. Dwarf glabrous nearly acaulescent plants from tuberous or [fusiform roots with ternate leaves and linear segments, no in- Ivolucre, involucels of few linear bractlets, and white flowers in jsubcompound umbels with very unequal rays. Calyx-lobes Iminute. Fruit oblong, very :'lightly flattened latersilly, glabrous. [Carpel much flattened dorsally with filiform dorsal and interme- diate ribs: laterals excessively corky-thickened, involute (that is, jextended towards the other carpel leaving betweon the com- aissural faces a cavity which is divided longitudinally by a khick corky projection from the middle of each face). Oil-tulies pry small, 3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure, 0. linearifolia Watson 1, c. Stems alender, 1-2 inches high, from a Beep-seated tuber : leaves 2 or 3, or.ce or twice ternate, upon slender ^leti- fles; leaflets entire 1-2 inches long, 1-3 lines wide, obtuse: umbels i— 1- «yed, with nearly sespiie flowers : fruit 1)2-2 lines long; lateial ribs and ommissural projection strongly developed. Oregon and Washington to Utah. 0. fosiformls Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxii, 474. Rather stout 3-6 iiches high, from a long fusiform root: leaves 2-3-ternate, with terminal [eaflets often 3-parted; leaflets an inch or less long : umbels 6-10 rayed : ait about 3 lines long, 1)^ lines broad, lateral ribs and commissural pro- UMBELLlFEBiG. CBANTZIA. BRYNGICH. jection smaller. California and Nevada. Tar. Leiberel C. & R. Rev. Umb. 92. Tall and slender, a foot or more high, witn petioles correspondingly elongated. Sand hills in the Bitterroot Mts., Idaho. 18 CRANTZIA Nutt. Gen. i, 178. Small glabrous perennial herbs, creeping and rooting in the mud, with leaves reduced to hollow cylindrical or awl-shaped petioles, jointed by transverse partitions;^ minute involucral bracts, and simple few-flowered umbels of white flowers. Calyx- lobes small. Fruit globose, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous. Carpel with filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs; laterals very thick and corky next the commissure. Oil-tubes 2 on the coni- missure. Seed terete. C. liniata Nutt. 1. c. Leaves very obtuse, 1-3 inches long, 1-2 lines broad: fruit a line long, the thick lateral wings forming a corky margin. In salt marshes, Vancouver Island to Oregon and the Atlantic Coa^t. 19 (ENANTHE L. Gen. n. 352. Mostly aquatic glabrous herbs, with succulent stems, pinr.ctte or decompound leaves, and usually involucrate umbels of wlite flowers. Calyx-lobes rather prominent. Fruit globose, slififbtly flattened laterally if at all, glabrous. Carpel with broad obtuse corky ribs : laterals the largest. Stylopodium very short-coni- ,cal. Oil-tubes 2 on the commissure. Seed sulcate beneath each oil-tube. (E. sarmentosa Presl. D C. Prod, iv, 138 Stems 2-5 feet high, leaves ternate and bipinnate; leaflets ovate, acuminate, toothed often lobeil at base, 6-12 lines long : umbels many-rayed, with involucre of few linear bracts or none, and involucels of similar more numerous bractlets : rays an inch long or less; pedicels short : fruit about 2 lines long, with commis- sural face and ribs very corky. In marshes, Alaska to California. « » * 20 Fruit flattened laterally. Prickly, or with tuberculate scales. ERYNGIUM Tourn. L. Gen. n. 324. Glabrous perennials with mostly rigid, coriaceous, spinosely toothed or divided leaves and white or blue flowers, in dentie ses- sile bracteate heads, the outer bracts forni the involucre, the inner ones, bractless, intermixed with the flowers represent the in- volucels. Calyx-lobes very prominent, rigid and persistent. Fruit ovoid, crowded with hyaline scales or tubercles. Carpel | with ribs obsolete. Stylopodium wanting : styles short or long, often rigid. Oil-tubes mostly H on the back and 2 on the com- missure. Seed-face plane. E. Yaseyi C. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 142. Stems from a few inches to a | foot high, several from a common root and branching above : leaves ob lanceolate, unequally spiuulose-serrate, attenuate below : involucre of nar- row thick and rigid spinose and spiny-toothed bracts, much longer than I / 8ANICDLA. UMBELLIFERiE. 263 the heads ; bractlets the same : fruit with calyx-lobes longer than the short styles. to California. lanceolate acuminate-cuspidate Wet grounds, Southern Oregon Fl. artlcnlataoi Hook. Fl. i, 269. Erect, a foot or so high, more or le: ■ branching throughout: radical and lower stem leaves reduced to very long jointed petioles, with or without small lanceolate blades; upper stem leaves sessile: involucre of linear cuspidate-tipped and spiny-toothed bracts much longer than the heads ; bractlets tricuspidate, the middle one much the largest, scarcely longer than the flowers : fruit with lanceolate cuspidate-acuminate calyx-lobes hardly longer than the styles. Swamps and wet meadows, Brit. Columbia to California. E. UarknesRli Curran Bull. Cal. Acad, iii, 153. Erect, slender, 2-4 feet high, dichotomously branched above: radical and lower leaves con- sisting only of the jointed fistulous petiole, often very long : stem leaves lanceolate entire, sparingly ciliate-toothed, on jointed petioles of equal I length, laciniate-fringed near the base; upper reduced to sessile laciniate bracts : heads oblong, ti-9 lines in diameter, blue involucre of 8-10 nar- I row bracts, exceeding the head, calyx-loV)es subulate, equalling the styles. In wet places, Washington to California and Idaho. 21 SANICULA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 326. Smooth herbs with almost naked or few-leaved stems palmate lor pinnate leaves with more or less pinnatifid or incised lobes, and greenish yellow or purple flowers in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels. Calyx-lobes somewhat foliaceous, persistent. Fruit sub-globose, densely covered with hooked prickles or tu- berculate. Carpel without ribs. Stylopodium depressed. Oil- tubes mostly large, 3 on the back and 2 on the commissure, or |;]-19 irregularly distributed. * Oil-tubes irregular in number and in distribution. ■«- Mature fruit pedicelled : leaves palmately divided. 8. arctopoides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 141. Stems very short, lirom thickened rootstocks, bearing a tuft of leaves and several divergent hcape-like branches 2-8 inches long, each bearing an umbel oi 1-3 elong- latedrays: leaves deeply palmately 3-lobed, the cuneate divisions once or Itwice laciniately cleft or dissected with lanceolate acute spreading s^- Iraents : involucre of 1-2 similar leaf-like bracts ; umbellets large 3-6 lines In diameter, with conspicuous involucels of 8-12 narrowly oblanceolate Imostly entire bractlets : flowers yellow : fruit short pedicellate l>-2 lines long naked at base with strong prickles above; seed-face almost plane. On ■plains and hillsides, Sacramento Valley, California, also Vancouver |!sland, Brit. Columbia, to be looked for in our range. $• Howellii C. & R. Bot. Gaz. xiii, 81 Stems coarse, a foot or less Ibigh, often bearing tufts of stout elongated peduncles and leaves ; leaves [broad and palmately 3-5-lol d, the upper inclined to be pinnately lobed, Itlie divisions rather sharply cut and toothed, the teeth mucronate-tipped : Inmbel unequally few-rayed, with involucre of few leaf-like bracts and in- pucels of very prominent V)ractlets sometimes much exceeding the large klobose head of iruit ; flowers yellow : fruit short pedicellate, prickly all per 13^-2 lines long, seed-face concave. Sandy seashore, Columbia river I Southern Oregon. • Si Mensiesii Hook. & .\.rn. 1. c. 142. Stem solitary, erect, from a bng, thickiBh perpendicular root, 1-5 feet high, branching: leaves round- m m'' ' 2f4 rMBELLIFERiE. 8ANICULA. PIXFIMBl/LA. cordate 2-4 inches bred, very deeply 3-6-lobed, the broad segments sharply toothed or somewhat cleft, the teeth bristle- tipped ; upper leuvea more narrowly lobed and laciniately toothed: umbel with 3-4 slender rays, involucre of 2-3 small leaf-like bracts, and involucels of 6-8 sniidl entire bractlets ; flowers yellow, the sterile ones nearly sessile: fruit be- coming distinctlv pedicellate and divergent, obovate 1-2 lines long, covertnl with strong prickles : seed-face plane. Brit. Columbia to California. •*- ••- Mature fruit sessile. ** Leaves pinnately divided. 8. laclniata Hook & Arn. 1. c. 147 Stems more or less branching;, 6-18 inches high; from a thickened root-stock: leaves mostly palniately 3-5-parted, the divisions 1-2 pinnatifid, segments laciniately toothed', the teeth spinosely pointed: umbel 3--5 rayed, with involucre of leaf-like bracts, and involucels of lanceolate spinosely pointed bractlets; flowers yellow, the sterile ones on long pedicels: fruit somewhat naked below, more prickly above 1^4 'ines long : seed-face deeply sulcate some- what involute. California to the Willamette Valley, Oregon. S. Nevadensis Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 139. Stem slender jonie- timep very short, simple or branching near the base, a foot or less higli : leaves ternate, the divisions oblong-ovate, 3-5 lobed ; the segments lobed or toothed : umbel with about 6 rays, which are sometimes branched and become 6-18 lines long in fruit ; involucre of pinnatifid leaf-like bracts ; in- volucels of small oblong acute bractlets : flowers yellow, the sterile ones pediceled : fruit prickly all over 1}4 lines long : seed-face plane. Dry open woods, Brit. Columbia to California and Nevada. ** ♦<■ Leaves more or leas pinnately divided. S. blpinnatiflda Dougl. Hook. Fl. i, 258. Stems a foot or more high from a tnickened rootstock : with usually a pair of opposite leaves at l)ase and 1-3 leaves above ; leaves pinnatsly 3-7 parted, the divisions incisely toothed or lobed, decurrent on the toothed rhachis, teeth acute or sliglitlv pointed ; umbel with 3-4 elongated rays : involucre of leaf-like bracts, anil involucels of small narrow merely acute bractlets ; flowers purple, in dense heads, the sterile ones on long pedicels : fruit prickly all over. Seed-face broadly concave with a prominent central longitudinal ridge. Common in open places Brit. Columbia to California. S« bijpinnata Hook. & Arn. 1. c. 347. A foot or more hi^h from a slender lusiform root: leaves twice or thrice pinnate, with divisions not at all decurrent, cuneate-oblong to ovate, incisely and mucronately toothed: umbel S-4 rayed, with involucre of leaf-like bracts and involucels of a few- small bractlets more or less united : flowers yellow : fruit tuberculate at base, prickly above: seed-face deeply sulcate, more or less involute, with a central lo";-' ■udinal ridge. California to the southern boundary of Ore- gon. * * Fruit neither prickly nor scaly. '' ' 22 PIMPINELLA L. Gen. n. 366. Glabrous perennials with .ternately or pinnately compcnuid leaves, involucre and involucels scanty or none, and white or yellow flowers. Calyx-lobes obsolete : fruit oblong to ovate, | glabrous, carpel with equal slender ribs : stylopodium depressed j or cushion-like. Oil-tubes 2-6 in the intervals, 4-8 on the com- j missure : seed somewhat dorsally flattened. - P. apiodora Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 345. Smooth, rather stout, | MICULA. FIMKtLA. ad Begments upper leaves a-4 slemler of 6-8 suuill lile: fruit be- long, covert'd lifornia. 8 branching', ;ly palniately itely tootheti, involucre of ted bractlets; lewhat nakt'd sulcate some- slender jonie- or less high: sgments lobed branched and ike bracts ; in- Q sterile ones ne. Dry open t or more hijih leaves at l)ase isions incisely .ute or slightly ke bracts, and mrple, in dense ver. Seed-tiice dge. Common hi^h from a iivisions not at lately toothed: )lucele of a tew tuberculate at involute, with undary of Ore- MCBENIUM. BUPLKCRCM. UMBELUFER.E. 266^ ly compound and Avhito or ng to ovate,! am depres^sed i on the com- h, rather stout, 2-3 feet high: leaves mostly radical, 2-3-ternate, the cuneate-ovate leaflets laciniately pinnatifld and toothed, an inch long: umbel long-peduncled, 6-16-rayea ; raya 1-2 inches lona, hispidly puberulent i flowers white or pinkish : fruit broadly ovate : ou-tubes numerous in the intervals, 8 or more on the commissure. From San Francisco to Eastern Nevada. Var. nndlcauUs Grayl. e. viii, 386. Small; stem scapiform, almost leafless, scarcely a foot high. Oregon Hall 1871, not since found. 23 MUSENIUM, Nutt. T. &G. Fl.i, 642. Dwarf resinous dry ground perennials, froin thick elongated roots, with pinnate decompound leaves, no invr>lucre and invol- ucels of a few narrow bracts. Calyx-lobes prominent. Fruit ovate or ovate oblong, carpel with equal fihfornt ribs, and thin pericarp: stylopodium depressed. Oil-tubes usually 3 in the intervals, the middle one the largest, 2-4 on the commissure. Seed-face broadly concave. M* diTaricatiim Nutt. 1. c. Decumbent, glabrous : stem short, dicho- tomously branching from the base: leaves bipinnatifid, with winged rhachis; segments 3-6-toothed: peduncles 2-5 inches long: umbel 10-25 rayed ; rays 3-9 lines long, pedicels short : fruit smooth or nearly so, about 2 lines long; oil-tubes 3 in the interval", with accessory ones beneath the ribs), 4 on the commissure: Keed terete, with rather deeply concave face. From the plains of the upper Missouri to Oregon and Bnt. Columbia. 24 EULOPHUS Nutt. DC. Prodr. iv, 248. Glabrous perennials from deep-seated fascicled tubers, 1-5 feet high, with pinnately or ternately compound leaves, narrowly linear to oblong-linear mostly entire leaflets, the terminal one elongated, involucre and involucels of several lanceolate acumi- nate usually scabrous bractlets and long-peduncled umbels of white or pinkish Howers. Calyx- lobes prominent. Fruit ovate to I'near-oblong glabrous. Carpel with equal filiform ribs, \iid thin pericarp. Stylopodium conical, with long and recurved styles. Oil-tubes 1-5 in the intervals, 4-8 on the commissure and a small group in the parenchyma of the commissural sulcus. Seed-face broadly concave, with a central longitudinal rid^e. E. Bolanderi C. & R. Rev Umb. 112. Stems slender, 1-2 feet high; leaf divisions more or less pinnately compound ; ultimate divisions narrowly linear, 6-18 lines long, the terminal ones sometimes much longer, %-l line wide : uppermost leaves simple : umbel 10-25-rayed, with prominent in- volucre and involucels of scarious ovate-lanceolate abruptly long aounii- nate bractlets, longer than the pedicels, rays 5-10 lines long; pedicels 1-2 lines long: fruit oblong: oil-tubes small 2-5 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure. Southeastern Oregon to California. 25 BUPLEURUM. L. Gen. n. 328. Calyx-lobes obsolete. Fruit oblong with rather broad com- missure. Carpel with equal very slender or [>rominent ribs, Stylopodium prominent and flat. Oil-tubes wanting or contin- uous about the seed-cavity. OurS pnrennial from a branchings caudex, with simple entire elaspihgor perfoliate stem-leaves and m 266 UMBELLIFERiE. LBIBEROIA. OLYCOSilA. yellow flowers. B. Amerivanim 0. & R. Rev. Umb. 116. Radical leaves linear- lanceolate, cauline ones very variable, oblong to linear, more or less clasp- ing: rays unequal, 6-24 lines long, with involucre of .S-6 unequal brads and involucels of 6-8 rather small ovate bractlets: pedicels short: carpal with prominent ribs, oil-tubes continuous about the seed-cavit> and one in each rib. Seed-face plane. Alaska to Yellowstone Park, perhap!^ Washington. 26 LEIBERGIA C. & R. Contr. Nat. Herb, iii, 676, t. xxvii. Slender glabroup acaulescent plants from a small globose root. ternately divided leaves and irregular umbels of white flowers. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit flattened laterally, linear, beaked, glabrous: stylopodium wanting. Carpels only slightly flattened dorsally, with 5 filiform ribs, the 2 lateral a little more promi- nent and turned inward. Oil-tubes small, solitary in the inter- vals, 2 oa the commissure. Seed-face slightly concave but when dry becoming more or less involute. L. orogenioides 0. & R. I.e. Intern slender 6-20 inches high ; let es nearly as long as the flowering peduncle : leaflets linear, l)-2-4 inches long, entire or with a few teeth or linear lobes : rays of the umbel 3-10, very slender, often spreading, 1-6 inches long ; umbellets with few fl iwers and fruits : involucre none ;involucel8 of few small bracts that are somewhat united at base : fruit 4 lines long, flattened laterally but terete at base, terete and somewhat beaked at rpex. Along small streams, Coeur d'Alene Mountains Idaho, Spokane Co., Washington. 27 08M0RHIZA Jour. Phys. Ixxxix. Perennials from thick aromatic roots, with ternately decom- pound leaves, ovate variously toothed leaflets, involucre and in- volucels few-leaved or wanting and white flowers in few-rayed and few-fruited umbels. Calyx-lobes obsolete. Fruit linear to linear-oblong, caudate, attenuate at base, acute above, verv bristly on the ribs. Carpel slightly flattened dorsally or not at all, nearly pentagonal in section, with equal ribs and thin peri- carp. Oil-tubes obsolete in mature fruit. 0. nada Torr. Fac. R. R. Rep. iv, 93. Rtems rather slender, V-3 feet high, divaricately branched, somewhat pubescent or glabrous: leaves twice ternate ; leaflets 6-24 lines long, toothed and cleft : umbel long ped- uncled, 3-6-rayed, mostly naked; rays slender, spreading 2-4 inches long; pedicels 2-12 lines long : fruit with not very prominent ribs : stylopodium and style very short, seed-face concave. Very common in wooded dis- tricts. Alaska to California and the Rocky mountains. 28 GLYCOSMA Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 639. Mostly tall perennials from thick aromatic roots with ter- nately decompound leaves, ovate variously toothed leaflets, mostly without involucre or involucels, and white flowers in few- rayed umbels. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit linear to linear-ob- long, not attenuate at base, acute above, glabrous or somewhat VELiEA. UMBELLIFERiE. 267 bristly on the ribs. Carpels slightly flattened dorHally or not at ull, with 5 acutely carinate equal ribs. Stylopodium mostly de- pressed. Oil-tubes obsolete in mature fruit. Seed-face concave. 6. OGcldeiitalld Nutt. 1. c. Rather stout, puberulent or pubescent: leaves 2-3-ternate ; leaflets 1-4 inches long, acute, coarsely serrate, rarely incised: umbel 6-12-rayed, naked or with 1 or 2 involucral bracts; rays 1-6 inches long, mostly erect: pedicels 1-.3 lines long: fruit 7-12 lines long obtuse at base, glabrous, with prominent acute ribs : stylopodium half to a line long ; seed-face concave. In the higher mountains, Brit. Columbia to California, Montana and the Wabsatch. G. amblKanm Gray Proc. ^Jl. Acad, viii, 380. Glabrous or hairy near the nodes: leaves 2-3 tern«ite: leafletr 1-2 inches long, acute, shortly toothed or cleft: umbel 4-8 -rayed, naked; rays about 2 inches long, some- what spreading ; pedicels 1-3 lines long : fruit 6-7 lines long acutish at base, sometimes bristly, with prominent ribs : styles half a line long : seed- face concave. Western Washington and Oregon to California. 29 VEL^A DC. Prodr. iv, 230. DEWEY A T. & a. Perennial herbs from thick elongated roots with mostly radical pinnate or ternate leaves, conspicuous involucels and yellow Howers. Calyx-lobes obscdete or prominent. Fruit oblong to orbicular, glabrous or pubescent. Carpel somewhat flattened laterally, with prominent and equal filiform ribs (the intermedi- ates somewhat distant from the laterals) and a thin pericarp. Oil-tubes conspicuous, 3-6 in the intervals, 4-10 on the commis- sure. Seed terete, che face strongly involute, enclosing a central cavity. V. glanca C. & R. Contrib. Nat. Herb, iii, 321 . Shortly caulescent slender, 8-18 inches hi^h, erect or somewhat spreading, glabrous and somewhat glaucous : radical leaves small, bi- or tri-ternate ; stem leaves of- ten simply ternate ; leaflets small, 4-8 lines long, mostly cordate or truncate at base, often 3-lol)ed or 3-parted, irregularly toothed: umi.r'l 7-15-rayed, with no involucre and involucels of small linear bracts : rays 1-;^ inches long ; pedicels a line long or less : fruit orbicular, a line in diameter ; carpo- phore parted below the middle, flowers yellow. On dry hillsides in open wood 3, Southwestern Oregon. V. KellOggii C. & R. Rev. Umb. 121. Deweya Kellogaii Gray. Acaulescent or nearly so, mostly puberulent; 2-3 feet high: lea yes tri- ternate; leaflets ovate, half to less than an inch long, mostly :^-lobed : umbel 8-16-rayed, mostly with no involucre, and involucels of small linear bractlets; rays 2-H inches long : fruit 1-2 lines long, almost as broad, some- what notched at base, with filiform ribs : oil-tubes 3 in the dorsal inter- vals, 5-6 in the lateral ones, 8-18 on the commissure. Southern Oregon to Southern California. y. HowelUi C. & R. 1. c. 122. Glabrous throughout, short-caulescent; 2-4 inches high : leaves 1-3, thickish about 18 lines long, with ovate out- line, pinnatind, the oblong segments irregularly cuspidate-toothed and lobed, with revolute margins; umbel 3-6-rayed, with no involucre and involucelfl exceedingly prominent, being exactly like the leaves and form- ing the principal part m the foliage of the plant; rays 6-8 lines long; pedi- 268 UMBELLIFER^. tnvu. CABUM. eels about a line long, calyx-lobes prominent: fruit (immature) oblotiv.', (glabrous : oil-tubes several in the intervals. In the Hiskiyou mountuinH at ligh ele .tions, southwest of Ashland, Oregon. 30 SIUM L. Gen. n 348. Smooth perennials, growing in water or wet placcB, witli pinnate leaves, serrate or pinnatifid leaflets, involucre and in- volucelsof numerous narrow bracts, and numerous white flowers. Calyx-lobes minute. Fruit ovate to oblong, glabrous. Carpels with prominent corky nearly equal ribs. Styloppdium de- presHed. Style short. Oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 2-6 on tlio commissure. Seed subangular with plane face. 8. clcataBfoUam Gmelin. ^yBt. ii, 482. Htout, 2-6 feet high : leaHotn 3-8 pairs, linear to lanceolate, shai-ply serrate; mostly acuminate, '2-') incheH long, submerged leaves when present finely dinnected: uuibi'l many-rayed; rays 12-18 lines long; pedicels 1-3 lines long: oil-tubes 2-<5 on tfie commissure. Apparently throughout North America. 31 ZTZIA Koch Umbel. 129. Smooth perennial herbs with mostly simple or ternate leaves, no involucre, involurels of small bractlets and yellow flowers: the cenlral fruit of each umbellet sessile, calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit oblong, glabrous. Stylopodium wanting. Styles l()n-5 feet long, abundantly floriferous : herbage purplish or glaucous • radical leaves 2 feet long bi- or tri-pinnate ; leaflets 2 inches lon^, lanceolate, somewhat cuneate below and entire, but from below the midr^le bearing rather remote short but salient serrate teeth: flowers dull, fruit orbicular ; the ribs very broad and low; oil-tube small, cross-section of seed nearly reniform. Borders of Lake Pend d'Oreille, Idaho. 35 HYDROCOTYLE Tourn. Low perennial herbs growing in wat«r or wet places with slen- 270 ARALIACE^. ARALIA. . ■* '11 i A der creeping stems, orbicular-peltate or reniform leaves and small white flowers in simple or proliferous umbels. Calyx teeth mi- nute or obsolete. Fruit more or less orbicular. Carpels with 5 primary ribs, the dorsal marginal, broad or filiform ; inter- mediate filiform, usually curved ; laterals filiform or broad, dis- tinct from those of the other carpel or confluent : a prominent oil-bearing layer beneath the epidermis occasionally containing small oil-tubes. H. rannnclnoides L. f. Suppl.177. Stems rather slender 6-12 inches long : leaves thickish, round reniform, 6-18 lines in diameter, 3-7-cleft, with crenate lobes: peduncles 1-3 inches long, reflexed in fruit : umbel capi- tate, 5-10-flowered : fruit with rather obscure ribs, strongly flattened lat- erally: stylopodium depressed. In ponds, Oregon to California and across the continent. Order XLIV. ARALIACE^] Vent. Tabl. iii, 2. • Shrubs, trees or perennial herbs with compound or simple leaves without stipules, the petioles thickened and dilated at base, and umbellate paniculate, or racemose infloresence. Calyx adherent to the ovary, the limb usually very small, en- tire or toothed. Petals 5-10, valvate in the bud, very lavely none. Stamens as many as petals and alternate with them: filaments short: anthers int)orse. Ovary crowned with an epigynous disk, 2-15-celled, with a solitary suspended ovule in each cell: styles erect and connivent or spreading stigma sim- ple. Fruit drupaceous or baccate, sometimes nearh dry, but the carpels not separating. Seed solitary in each cell, anatro- pous. Embryo short, at the base of copious fleshy albumen. 1. Aralia. Petals imbricate in the bud, drupes 5-celled: pedicels not jointed. 2. Echinopanax not jointed. Petals valvate in the bud, drupes 2-3-celled, pedicels 1 ARAIylA Vail.lant. Perennial herbs or shrubs with alternate digitate or com- pound leaves and small flowers in racemed umbels. Calyx o- toothed or entire. Petals 5, ovate, slightly imbricate. Sta- mens 5. Disk depressed or rarely conical. Ovary 2-5-celled; styles few or connate at base, at length divaricate; stigmas terminal. Fruit laterally compressed, becoming 3-5-aDgled, fleshy externally, endocarp chartaceous. A. Californlca Watson. Herbaceous, unarmed and nearly glabrotiH, 8-10 feet high from a large thick root: leaves bipinnate, or the upper jiin- nate with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets, which are cordate-ovate, 4-8 inches long or more, shortly acuminate, simply or doubly serrate with short acute teeth, uppermost leaves ovate-lanceolate: umbels in loose terminal and axilary compound or simple racemose panicles, which are a foot or two long and more or less glandular tomentose ; rays numerous, 4-6 lines long; involucres of several linear bractlets ; flowers 1)^-2 lines long; disk and iRALIA. and small teeth mi- pels with rm; inter- broad, (lis- prominent containing 6-12 inches -7-cleft, with umbel capi- lattened hvt- lifornia aixl 1, 2. - '■ or sini])le dilated at ifloresence. small, en- irery larely with them: id with an led ovule in stigma sim- :\\ dry, hut ell, anatro- y albumen. pedicels not slled, pedicels tate or com- Calyx 5- Kcate. Bta- 2-5-celled; ^te; stigmas 3-5-aDgled, ECHINOPANAX. COBNl'8. CORNACE^. 271 stylopodium obsolete; styles united to the middle. Shaded mountain ra- vines California. Var* acnmlnata Watson ii; Herb. Leaflets long acuminate, pedicels 10-14 lines long. Mountain streams Southern Oregon. 2 ECHINOPANAX Decaisne & Planch, in Rev. Hortic, 1864, 105. Densely prickly shrubs with large palmately lobed leaves and greenish-white flowers in dense paniculate umbels. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals 5, valvate in the bud. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals: filaments filiform; anthers ovate to oblong. Ovary 2-3-celled : styles 2, filiform: stigma termi- nal. Fruit laterally compressed, drupaceous; endocarp indur- ated. E. horridani Decaisne & Planch. 1. c. Very prickly throughout: stems erect from a decumbent base, 4-12 feet high, leafy at the top: leaves roundish-cordate, prickly both sides, palmately lobed, aculeate-dentnte, more or leas pubescent beneath, 6-24 inches long: inflorescence terminal, densely tomentose: rays subtended by a scarious laciniately cut bract: petals ovate, with a broad base: styles united to the middle. In moun- tain swamps, Oregon to the arctic regions. Order XLV. CORNACEiE Link. Handb. ii, 2. Trees, shrubs or rarely herbs with opposite mostly entiie pinnately veined leayes without stipules and cymose or capi- tate infloresenoe, with or without an involucre. Calyx adher- ent to the ovary, the limb 4-5-toothed or lobed, valvate in the bud. Petals distinct, as many as the calyx-lobes and alter- nate with them, inserted on the margin of the epigynous disk, valvate in the bud : stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals and alternate with them : anthers introrse, mostly cordate. Ovary one-celled with a single pendulous ovule. Style single. Fruit drupelets covered with the remains of the calyx. Seed ana- tropous. Embryo nearly as long as the fleshy albumeu. 1 CORNUS Tourn. (Dogwood) Trees, shrabs or herbs with opposite entire leaves and small perfect flowers in dichotomous cymes or involucrate heads. Limb of the calyx 4-toothed, minute. Petals oblong, spread- ing. Filaments filiform. Style subclavate; stigma obtuse or capitate. Drupelets not connate. * Flowers greenish or purple, in a close head, surrounded by a con- spicuous involucre of white petal-like bracts : fruit bright red. -t- Low and herbaceous, from slender, creeping root-stocks. C. Canadensis L. Sp. i, 118. Stems simple, 4-8 inches high ; leaves I scarcely petioled, mostly in an apparent whorl of 4 or 6 near the summit, oval to oLovate pointed at both ends, somewhat appressed -pubescent on I both sides 2-3 inches long, near the middle of the stem; a pair of smafler I'eaves aad scale-Uke bracts below; peduncles 1-3 inches long: involucral i t iiv !• t 272 CORNACE^. CORNUS. bracts 4, white or cream-color, ovate, 3-8 lines long: fruit globular: stone smooth, not flattened, a little higher than broad. In the higher moun- tains and along the coast, across the continent as far north as forests giow, 80uth to California and New Jersey. C. Saectca L. 1. c. Stems sometimes branching above, 5-20 inches high : leaves sessile, all opposite, becoming smaller downwards, ovate or oval, acute, nerves all arismg at or near the base, appressed-pubescent on both sides, uppermost leaves 1-3 inches long : peduncle 1-3 inches long: involucral bracts 4, white or eream-color, ovate 3-6 lines long : flowers dark purple: fruit globular: stone flattened, mostly with a shallow furrow on each face, acute, as broad as high. Alaska and across the continent: per- haps N. Washington. -•- •*- Shrubs or trees. C. Nuttallil Audubon Birds 467, T. & G. Fl. i, 652. A tree 20-76 feet high : leaves mostly obovate, on petioles 3-12 lines long, usually wooly- pubescent beneath, with intermixed appressed hairs: involucral l)raets 4-6 or more, narrowly oblong to obovate or even round, obtuse. ]i2-2 inches long : heads of flowers 6-12 lines in diameter : fruit crowded anK^ng the abortive ovaries, crowned with the broad persistent calyx; stone 4-5 lines high, 3-4 lines broad. Brit. Columbia to California west of the <)ascade Mountains. * * Flowers yellowish, in sessile umbels, appearing before the leaves, involucrate with 4 small deciduous bracts. C. sessilts Torr Durand PI. Pratt. 89. Shrub 10-15 feet high with greenish bark: leaves short-petioled, approximate, ovate, short acuminate, nearly smooth above, pale beneath, with appressed and silky pubescence: umbels terminal but becoming lateral by the development of the shoot : involucral bracts 3-4 lines long, about as long as the slender silky pedicels : fruit oblong, 6-7 lines long, 3-6 lines wide : stone oblong somewhat pointed and longitudinally rigid, 4-5 lines long, 2-23^ lines broad. Northern Cali- fornia, perhaps reaches our limits. * * * Flowers white or cream-colored, cymose, fruit white, lead-colored or blue: leaves opposite. not involucrate: C. pubesceiis Nutt Sylv. iii, 54. Shrub 6-20 feet high with smootli red or purplish slender branches branchlets and inflorescence more oi less hirsute : petioles 3-12 lines long; leaves from narrowly to broadly ovate or oval, acute or somewhat accuminate mostly acute at base; ap- pressed-pubescent or glabrous above, whitish silky-pubescent benoatli flowers in more or less compact cymes; calyx-teeth minute; fruit white; stone somewhat compressed, mostly oblique, with a more or less prominently furrowed edge about 2 lines long by 2'.. lines broad, the sides apt to have more or less prominent ridges In alluvial places, Brit. Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains. C. Baileyi 0. & E .Bot. Gaz. xv. 89. Erect shrub with reddish -b-own mostly smooth branches : branchlets and inflorescence pubescent to woolly : petiole 6-12 lines I jng; leaves from lanceolate to ovate, acute or short- acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, appressed-pubescent to glal)roiis | above, white beneath and with woolly hairs variously intermingled witli appressed ones : flowers in small rather compact cymes : calyx-teeth from small to prominent ; fruit white or bluish : stone decidedly compressed, flat-topped rarely oblique, with p. very prominently furrowed edge, mucli broader than high. About the Great Lakes and westward to the Cascades | •of the Columbia. C. 8t«l«nlfera Miehx. Fl. 1, 92. Shrub 3^ feet high, erect or res- (iARKYA. GARRYACE.K. CORNU8. lobular: stone higher moun- Eis forests giow, e, 5-20 indies ftrds, ovate or l-pubescent on J inches long: ig : flowers dark low furrow on ;ontinent: per- tree 20-76 feet usually wooly- volucral bracts , obtuse, li.i-2 irowded among \yx'- stone 4-5 ia west of the ig before the feet high with ihort acuminate, Iky pubescence: I, of the shoot: r silky pedicels : mewhat pointed Northern Call- b involucrate: 'h with smooth scence more or )wly to broadly te at base; al- bescent beneath teeth minute : lostly obliqne, les long by 2'., iges In alluvial lountains. ;h reddish-b-owii Descent to woolly : acute or short- cent to glabrous I termingled with calyx-teeth from idly compressed, wed edge, much d to the Cascades tnite, stoloniferous, with branches usually bright red-purple and smooth : bnmchlets and inflorescence appressed pubescent, petioles 3-18 lines long; leaves from lanceolate to broadly ovate or oblong, sliort- or long-acuminate or only acute, mostly obtuse at base, minutely appressed pubescent above, more or less white and. appressed pubescent beneath with straight rigid hairs: flowers mostly in small cvmes: calyx-teeth minute : fruit white or lead-color ; stones very variable from ovate and pointed scarcely flattened, higher than broad, to more or less flat- tened, broader than high, these extremes completely connected by intermediate shapes and dimensions, all with more or less furrowed edge. From New Brunswick to the District of Columbia and westward to the Cascade Mountains and British Columbia. South to New Mexico and Arizona. V, glabrata Benth. Bot. Suppl. 18. Shrub -4-12 feet high, with erect and mostly bushy gray smooth branches bearing usuaMy crowded small leaves ; branchlets and inflorescence glabrous or nearly so : petioles 8ht>rt ancl slender ; leaves lanceolate to nearly ovate or oblong, acute at each end, glabrous or sparsely and minutely appressed-pubescent on both si'les, the lower surface but little paler than the upper : flowers in numerous small open cymes; calyx-teeth prominent: fruit white or light blue: stone hut little compressed, not furrowed ; broader than high. Along streams, southwest Oregon to California. Order XLVI. CJARRYACE71*: Lindl. Bot. Hog. xx, t. IGSC. Shrubs or small trees with opposite persistent entire leaves and dioecious flowers in aments or catkins. Calyx adnate to the ovary, the limb 4-toothed, valvate in the bud. Petals none. Stamens 4, inserted on the epigynous disk . Ovary 1-celled, with two pendulous ovules. Fruit baccate, crowned with the remains of the calyx. Seeds anatropous. Embryo nearly as long as the fleshy albumen. 1 GaRRYA Dousrl. Lindl. 1. c. Evergreen shrubs with greenish bark, opposite entire coria- ceous leaves and dioecious flowers in axillary pendulous aments, solitary or in threes between the decussately connate bracts. Calyx of the sterile flowers 4-parted Avith linear valvate seg- ments. Stamens 4, filaments distinct, disk and rudimentary ovary none. Calyx of the fertile flowers with a shortly 2-lobed or obsolete limb, disk and rudimentary stamens none. Ovary 1-celled with 2 pendulous ovules. Styles 2, stigmatic on the inner side, persistent. Eerry ovoid, 1-2 seeded. a. Frenioiltli Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 136. Shrub 4-12 feet high, be- coming glabrous • petioles 3-9 lines long ; leaves ovate to oblong or ellipti- cal, mostly acute at each end, usually somewhat mucronate, eiitire, smooth or nearly so on both sides: fertile aments 2)2-5 inches long: bracts prominent, connate above the nuddle, acute, somewhat silky : fruit globose, becoming glabrous, short-pe Ucellate, 2-3 lines in diameter. Oregon to California. G. elliptica Dougl. Lindl. I. c. A stout shrub or small tree 5-l<) feet high; petioles 3-«) lines long ; leaves elliptical, rounded at base, round or 1, erect or ros- ,^^^^ )i Hi tW 274 QARRYAOE^. OARRYA. 1^: ;l acute and tnucronate at apex, undulate on the margin, amooth above, densely tomentose beneath, 2-6 inches long; sterile ament« 3-15 inches long, the bracts truncate or acute, silky; fertile amenta stouter 1 >^^>4 inches long, with acute or acuminate bracts : fruit globose densely silkr- tomentose, sessile 3-5 lines in diameter. Along the coast of Oregon aiid Oalifornia. 6* bvxifolta Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 349. Small shrub 2-5 feet high : leaves oblong-elliptical 12-18 lines long, 4-8 lines broad acute at each end, glabrous above, densely whi^^^-silky beneath ; petioles 1-3 lines long, fertile aments 1-3 inches long, ihe short bracts acute, more or less silky: fruit glabrous, globose, subsesslle 2^2-3 lines in diameter. On dry hillsides, southwestern Oregon to Mendocino county, California. m-. ■ OARRYA. , smooth above, lentfl 3-15 inchua its stouter 1 ,^-4 >e denaely silky- t of Oregon aiid '/-^Mf, shrub 2-5 feet broad acute at petioles 1-3 lines iite, more or less .meter. On dry iifornia.