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Laa diagrammas auivants lllustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 ,»■•* f} »," ACCURATE O F T H E 1^# OF THE ^i^«* i^ During the iitfe ' | EXrEDtTlbK Fr^wc^ Settlements on Cjp^ JBrefo;!^^ 1^ To the Time of the %{xntndtv oi Louisbourgi CONTAINING juft Reprcfcntation of the Tranfaftions and Oc- currences, and of tlie Behaviour of the (aid Forces. I^l^atcd, Louijheurgi OSi* 20. I745> and in Form attefted tW^ by Lieut. General PepptrtUt Commander in Chief of the For- \,\ 'pes, Brigad. General /fii/t/9. Col. Moore, Lieut. Col Lothrop^ > I and Lieut. Col. GrUiey of the Train of Artillery; allun* ^ der their own Hands. €vPittn9 a moje outl|entic> cd^^ett, and pecfiect Iccmmti ! r tfjian ansi befio^ matte publicli. WITH A Computation of the French FISHERY on the Banks of KrwfoundlMntt^ AtaMm^ CapeBrtion, and nelghboii* ling Shores, Gulphs, Harboars, Cffr. as it was carried on be<* fbre the prefent War : The Whole of which, did then de- pend. In a great Manner, on the Port oi Ltu^fititri^^ as a Co* ^r and ProteAion to it, CsTh tenC over, by General Pf^/#r#//him(clfi; to his Friend CSipt; Uni, StmjvrJ, tit Exmtmi, J)inft9^ ' :frhited, fhmiim Ordinal Mamifafift, at tU Dtfimif Copt: i ^ Stafifbrd^ aswttl in yttfiic* to tb$ GeMtaly at fir thi^bttttr in" JStrmation of tbt Pmkk, ,JT. . I,,,, ■ .1.. I ;■ III . I I , i| H I I ,1 ,.■ MXONt Printed by and for A. and S. Baict; in JitrtbgaH' \ 0r>nn and fold by M. Coorift. in Paiifit^tr-ntw, LtmimL $746. Priti 64. \ ^ < rtmam 4Sbl ^ m m* 0266b3 Ui'i^ T O Capt. Henry Stafford^ at Ex- mouthy Devon. Dear Sir, Lcui/hourgy Nov. 4. 1745^ ^.^ f^'i^^i^X^ Have wrote you fever al Letters Jince I have been on this Jfland, now brought to the Crown of Great Britain -, and in this inclofe A true and much fuller Account of our Proceedings againSt the Fortreffes of this Place, and there* with alfo An Account^ taken from Englilh and French, the mofl capable of making the belf Obferva^ tions, wbereinyouwillfeewhat aP'AS'T FISHERT the French had^ and the Advantage it will be tofe* cure this Place to the Britifli Crown, As to myfelf; — As I had the Honour to Command the Troops that were the Means of reducing the Place^ 1 dofCt think it can be expeSfed Ifhould continue here under the Command of another Perfon* Accordingly^ when His Majeflfs 'Troops arrive from Europe, and this Place is well fecured, my Defign is to return to New-England, — unlefs I Jhould have the Command here. But until fuch Troops arrive, 1 refolve to tar- ry y and defend it to the uttermoft of my Power. As it muft be confefs^d, that there would have been |io Expedition againfi this Place^ had I not undertook A 2 i/j aj I f- A'- 4 To Capt Hefiry Stafford, //, and conjidering the vaff * Expence which I have, been at^ hefides the leaving my Bujinefs in fuch a Hur- ryy and being now here detained in order to fecure it^ 1 cannot help humbly hoping His mo§t Gracious Maje- ftfs Royal Notice^ and the being handfomely provided fjor^ either in having beflow^d on we the GovernmenJ kere^ ^rfome other in New-England, or near it. For no Motive but the real Good of my Country could have induced me to undertake fo dangerous and fatiguing an Enterprize, and to be ahfcnt from my Family (as I fear it will be) near Two Tears^ from the Time of my fir SI leaving them. I liv*d as well in New-Kngland as any Man^ with an agreeable Family -, and my Eft ate would then afford fo to do. A:' to what will he allow* d me from New- England, 'twill not nearly make up my Expence % neither are they able at this Time to do more. And I mufl fay^ that unlefs OJd England afftfts in paying the Charge of this Espediiion^ the Province of Maflfa- chufets-Bay, which zvas at the greateif Part of th$ Expence y will be Jo involved, as never to be able get clear of it. But fitrely it cannot he elleem^d reafonable that a Private Perfon floould fpend his Eft at e^ and hazard his Life and Healthy in the Publick Service^ and then be flighted and unrewarded. I therefore earneftly beg your Favour ^ and rely oh your Friendjhip., for your now beftirring yourfelf to aJjftSt me. For this, itfeems, is a Scheming World, andfome who have done very little in this Expeditiony would willingly run away with the Honour and Reward. , . My • In a former Letter the worthy General declares he had beoi lit Ten Thouiand Pounds Coft. ^ :b I have, cb a Hur- fecure it^ ms Maje- provided wernmeni r it. For ould have iguing an nly (as I ? Time of 'aft, with en afford m New- Expence ; . And I n paying f Mafla- rt of ibe able get > tbat ^ azardbis i then be i rely on TtoqfftSi andfome 7, would mrd. My at Exmoutb^ Devon. 5 My Son Andrew Pepperell is in my Bufinefs at Pifcataqua. If you /bould have any Commands tbat f^tfy, you may be ajjured of bis beii Service for you^ qr any Friend of yours, I am, with bcft Refpefts, Your very humble Scrvt. Wm. Pepperell. p. S. You will excufe my giving you ibis Trouble^ as you are my Old Acquaintance, and 1 know you al- ways valued and loved my Family, ■ If I fbould have the Government of this Place, and the Command of a Regiment, I hope IJhould have Liberty to vifit my Family, when His Majefty^s Sertice might allow of it. w. p. .? » \ , 1 shadbeei AN ;■ I '* ■ »■ . f •*' • *■ K'y* *■ ■» - ■- ■*'. % ^1^ '9 ^ ^^ ^ '^jjuj^ •iii?- .- f * ifr^ . * AN ACCURATE Tournal and Account OF THE EXPEDITION AGAINST CAPE BR ETON. 1*1 HE Forces rais'd within the Mar»i£ Proy'ince of MaJfachufeitS'Bay^ >745-^* being about Three Thouland Two Hundred and Fifty Men, exclufive of Commiflion-Offi- cers, embarked March 24th, 1 744-5. in Seven Weeks from the Time of the iffuing Gover- nor Sbirlgy's Proclamation for raifing them, under Convoy of the Sbirley-Galky^ then in the Em- " ploy of that Government, (and now His Ma- jesty's FrigSitQ Shirley^ Csipt. Rous Common- ; der ; and arrived the 4th of Jpril at Canfii^^ appointed by the Governour to be the Place of Rendezvous for the Traniports and Cruizers, and 1 I ( .: . , $ An accurate Journal and for a Communication of Intelligence between himfclf at Bofion^ General Pepperell's Camp be* . fore the Town of Louijbourg^ and Mr. WarreH from the Ships before the Harbour, and for lod- ging all Stores not in immediate Ufe in the Camp and Fleet: — Where they found the iVira; - Hampjhire Forces, being Three Hun- dred and Four Men, inclufive of Commiflion- Officers, arriv'd Four Days before them ; and Jfor.2^.were join'd the 25th of the fame Month by the '745' Connecticut Forces, being Five Hundred and Sixteen Men, including Qpmmiflion-Officers. Cbapcau-Rouge-Bayy which was the Place ap- pointed for Landing the Troops, being fo filled with Ice as to make their Landing imprafticable before, they were detain'd there 'till the latter End of the Month. In which Time the Gene-* ral drew up and review'd the Forces on Canfo Hill, and formed the feveral Detachments orde- red to be imploy'd in the feveral Attacks, pro- pofed to be made immediately after their Lan- ding at Flat'Point'Cove^ within Three Miles of the Town of Louijbourgy to the W. S. W. and Four Miles diftant from the Grand Battery to the S. W. according to the Plan of Operati- ons concerted at Bofton^ and there given him in Charge by the "Governour's written Orders. ' During the Stay of the Troops there, a Block- Houle was creded on Canfo Hill, and called Cumberland}, — the Flag btinf^ hoifted on His Royal Highnefs th^ Duke's iiirth-day; picquet* ted without, and defended by Eight Cannon Nine-Pounderst and to be garrifon'd by Two Com- 1 ;■• , Siege of Louifbourg, e^c. Companies of Soldiers of Forty Men each, be- fides Cfnccrs. . . , 1 M 9 From thence Two Armed Sloops were fent to Bay yerte. to take and deftroy fome Veflt Is, tliat, according to Information, were to cany Provifions fiom thence to Louifoourg. And the loth Qi yjpril the Renc:iiee^ a French Ship of-«^/r. iSi War, of Thirty Guns Nine - Pounders, with Three Hundred Seamen, and Fifty Mar'ines, being cliargcd with Pubhck Difpatchcr, fell in witli the iVrmcd VefTcls in the Service of the Majjachiijets Govcrnmifent, before Louijhourg Harbour : Where iho: maintained a running Fight with them •, but got clear by cut failing them. This Ship afterwards fell in with the Conne£licut Troops, under the Convoy of their own Colony Sloop and the Rhode-ljland Colony Sloop ; the latter of which Ihe attacked and da- maged confiderably. But, finally, the Sloop got off; as did the Troops with their other Convoy, during the Engagement : And, after having made Two more Attempts to pufli into the Harbour, and being again hinder'd and cha- fed by the Maffachufets Cruizers, Ihe returned to France^ without having deliver'd her Pac- qucts : From whence flie fail'd again the Begin- ning of July witii Six Ships more, being the Bre§l Squadron for Louijbourg, »■-"■■•''--■-■''■'■ , The 2 2d of y^nV, Capt. Bur elk in His MA--^r. 22, J E sty's Ship Eltham^ of Forty Guns, arrived at Canfo Harbour from New-England •, having received Orders from Mr. IVarren for that Pur- pof^. And on the 23d, Mr, fVarren^ in His.... 23. i^ B ^ Ma- 10 A Journal of the Majesty's Ship SuperS^e^ of Sixty Guns, witfi the Lnunceflony of Forty Guns, Capt. Kalmady^ the Mermaid^ of Forty Guns, Cape. Dottglafs, under His Command. And, after (laying there fomc Hours, and having conferred with the Ge- neral by Letters, Mr. Warren^ with the reft of the King's Ships, faii'd to cruize off Louijbourg. Apr. 29. O^^ ^"^^ 29th of April the '^roops embark'd \\\ Four Divifions of Tranfports, and Hiiled for ChapeaU'Rouge Bay, under Convoy of One Ar- med Snow and Two Armed Sloops, in the Ser- vice of the Majfachufets Government ; under the Fire of whofe Cannon tliey were to land. And at the fame Time a Detachment of Two Hundred and Seventy Men, under the Com- mand of a Colonel, and the Convoy of an Armed Sloop, in the Pay of the New-Hanip" Jhire Government, were fent to St, Peier*s, a fmall French Settlement on Cape Breton, with Orders (purjuanl to the before-mentioned Plan of '\. Operations) to take the Place, burn the Houfes, and demolifh the Fort. Which was according- jtpr.$o. \y effeded on the 30th o( Jprily between Nine and Ten in the Morning. The Fleet, having the main Body of the Troops on board, came to an Anchor in ChapeaU' Rouge Bay, at the Diftance of about Two Miles from the Flat-Point Cove, Upon the Difcovery of which, the Enemy immediately fired fome ' Cannon, and rang their Bells in the Town, to alarm and call in their People living in the Sub- urbs-, and fent out of the Town a Detachment, of about 150 Men, headed by Capt. Morepang and Mr. Boulardrie, late an Officer in the Duk<{ of Siege of l.o\xt{honTg^ &c. of *s Regiment in France^ to oppofe the Landing of our I'roops. Upon the Sight of which, the General made a feint of landing a Party of our Men in Boats in Flat-Point Covey in order to draw the French thither. Which had its EfFed : And, upon a Signal from the Veficls, the Boats returned, and joined another Party ot Boats under his Stern : From whence, under the Fire of our Cannon, were landed. Two Miles higher up the Bay, about an Hundred of our Men, before the Enemy could get up with them : And, upon brilkly attacking them, (though under the Advantage of being covered with their Woods) after exchanging fome Shot, killing Six of them upon the fpot, taking as ma- ny Prifoners (among whom was Mr. Boulardrie)^ and wounding leveral others, forced the Re- mainder to make a precipitate Flight towards the Town ; with the Lofs of fbme others, who were, the next Day, taken Prifoners before they recovered it. Which was done with the Da- mage, on our Part, of only Two Men being nightly wounded. IX '■■«; i|' On the fame Day, about Two Thoufand of the Troops were landed, without any further Oppofition. And on the next Day, being the 'ill of A%, the Remainder landed, and began j^ ,^ to get Provifions and Stores aftiore. The Lan- ding of Provifions, Ammunition, and Heavy Artillery, was attended with extreme Diflicuky and Fatigue ; there being no Harbour there, and the Surf almoft continually rutming very high \ fo that, frequently, for fome Days, there , was no landing any Thing at all j and, when . B 2 they r ^ 12 A Journal of the they did, the Men were obliged to wade high into the Water, to fave every Thing that would have been damaged by being wet. They had ro Cloaths to fhitt thcmfelves with, bi^t poor Defence from the Weather, and at the ilime Time the Nights were very cold, and generally attended with thick heavy Fogs. By means whereof it vv^as near a Fortnight before they ' could get all their Stores on Shore*, and, not* withftanding all pofable Care to prevent it, ma- ny Boats, and feme Stores, were loll. J^Iay 2. On May the 2d a Detacliment of Four Hun- dred Men were lent, roumi b(?hind the Hills, to tlie NQflh-Ec'S Jlarhoiir ; wlntiitr tiiey got about Midnight, and buni'd tlie Knemy*s Irloufes and Stores, about a Mik/s Diilaiicc from the Grand May 3. Battery. And on the ^d of Aiay we took Pof- feHlon of that Battery, wliich the E'.ncmy had deferted ; — ovv/ing (as is ibpposM) to the Sur- prize they were in from ti/c Firing of the FIou- ii% in tlie Neighboiu'Iioo.i. They had abando- ned this Battery in f ) vniw\\ Murry and Confufi- on, that they had only ipikcd up their Guns, without breaking oli" any of the Trunnions, or much damaging; of r!;e CaiTiagcs. There were found Jiere Tweiuy F,i;i;lit Cannon of Forty-two '■■ Pound Shot, and Two Hi!.;hteen- Pounders ; Three Flundrcd and Fifty Shells of Thirteen Inches, and Thirty Sliells of Ten Inches, with a large Quantity of Shot. . ,■ ^ ;* /^ air. The fame Day a Party of the Enemy in Boats attempted to regain the PoflelTion of it 5 but were beat olf by about Fifteen or Sixteen of Ith in Siege of Louifbourg, &c. our Men, who had before taken Poffefllon of the Battery, and flood on the Beach expos'd to , the Enemy's Mufqiifitry from the Boats, and Cannon from the T vn, which play'd continu- ally upon them. The Diftance from the Grand Battery to the J/Iand Battery is Four Thoufand Eight Hundred Feet. This Battery commands the whole Har- bour from the Entrance between the Ligbt-Houfe Point and the IJland Battery. Two Flanks of Two Guns each point from hence againft the Town, and a Line of Ten Guns againft the JJland Battery^ the Remainder to the North-Eaft Part of the Harbour. By the Fire from hence, during the Siege, the Citadel and Houfes in the Town fuffered very much, as alfo the Barracks at the Jj^vid Battery, The Towers of this Bat- tery were fomething damaged, One Man killed, and a few wounded by the Enemy's Cannon, which fired very brifkly upon it, as did alfo their Mortars from the Town and IJland Battery^ e- Ipccially at the Beginning. In a few Days the Camp was formed about Half a Mile from the Place where they made a feint of landing ; but without throwing up Lines •, depending only upon their Scouts and Guards. But afterwards they encamped regular- ly, and threw up Lines, nearer the Place of lan- ding their Stores. And Scouts, during the whole Siege, were conftantly fent out, who fel- dom returned without bringing fome Prifoners, and very much confined the Enemy within their Walls, and prevented dieir making frequent Sallies. May 13 ^ :\ ! SM 14 -^ Journal of the Biay 4* May the 4th, we began to fire from the Gran J Battery^ with Three Cannon which had been cleared, as alfo to bombard the Town from Green Ilill^ (being the Place where the firft Bat- tery was planted) with one Thirtecn-inch Mor^ tar, one of Eleven Inches, and another of Nine Inches ; aflifced with Two Cannon Nine-poun- ders, and Two Falconets ; being Two Miles Diftance from the Camp, and Fifteen Hundred and Fifty Yards from the Citadel. — Five Hun- dred Men were ordered to fuftain this Battery. But finding the Nine and Eleven-Inch Mortars would not reach the City, they were removed May 7. the 7th of May^ and planted with Ten Cohorns a: i\\<^. Dillance of Nine Hundred Yards from the Citadel : Where a Battery was eredcd the r »o-ioth of Af^y, of Four Twenty-two-pounders. _i3.TKe 13th Tv/o of them burft, owing to their not being found. I 1 5. ■ The 1 5th of May Four Twenty-two pounders more were brought to this Battery, as alfo the Two Nine -pounders, and the Thirteen -inch Mortar, from Green Hill. From this Battery the City was bombarded. And as the Shot from the faid Battery ranged through the Centre of the City, it damaged not only the Weft Flank of the King's Bajlion, which it flanked, but alfo the Citadel, and the greateft Part of the Houfes in the Town, and even Poru Maurepas-, in the Eafternmoft Part of the City. This Bat- tery was fuftained by the fame Forces timt fuftained the Battery at Green Hill. I'he Da- mage received at this Battery was, the Breaking the Trunnion of one of the Cohcjrns, and Bur- ' - _ fting siege of Louifbourg, &c. 15 fting of another ; Six Men wounded (of whom one died) by the Burfting of Two Twenty-two- pounder Cannons; and One Man killed, and Two wounded, by the Enemy the fame Day. The 25th of May, the Thirteen-inch Mor-Jlfi^ 25. * tar burlled •, and a Bombardier was thereby wounded, occafion'd by fome Flaw in the Shell, which broke in the Mortar. Another Thirteen- inch Mortar from Bofton was mounted in the fame Place, and play'd the Eighth Day after the other was burft. The tranfporting the Cannon was with alnioft incredible Labour and Fatigue. For all the Roads over which they were drawn, laving here and there fmall Patches of rocky Hills, were a deep Morafs -, in which^ whilft the Cannon were upon Wheels, they feveral Times funk, fo as to bury not only tlie Carria- ges, but the whole Body of the Cannon likewife. Horfes and Oxen could not be employ 'd in this Service -, but the whole was to be done by the Men themfelves^ up to the Knees in Mud -, at the fame Time the Nights, in which the Work was done, cold, and for the moft Part foggy j their Tents bad, there being no proper Materi- als for Tents to be had in New-England^ at the Time the Forces were raifcd. -.u t -■^ i v.-yf m Bat- tiSt Da- king But- ting But, notwithflanding all thefe Difficulties, and the Peoples being taken down with Fluxes, fo that at one Time there were no lefs than Fifteen Hundred Men incapable of Duty, occafioncd by their Fatigue, they went on chearfully, with- out being difcouraged or murmuring -, and by the Help of Sledges, of about Sixteen Feet in Length i . f I i^ '^^ "^ Ajownal of the E^rigth, and Five Feet in Wcdth, and Twelve Inches thick, they tranfported the Cannon over tfeofeWays, which the French had always thought impafTable for fuch heavy Bodies ; and were in- deed impradicable by any People of lefs Rcfolu- tion and Perfeverance, or ItTs Experience in re- moving heavy Weights. And, hefides this, they' had all the Provifions, Powder," Shot, and Shells, which they daily made irfe of, to traiif- port over the fame Ways, upon their Backs. During this Time the French eredted Two Cavaliers, of Two Guns each, upon the Ram- part of one of the Faces of the Kin^s Baflion ; planted a great Number of Swivel Guns upon the Wall facing the Harbour ; and to fecure the low Wall at the South-Eaft Part of the Town, added to the Top of it a Plank- Work, picket- ted, to raife it to the fame Height with the reft of the Wall, and a Range ot Palifadoes at a little Diftance within the Wall -, and raifed a lit- tle Batteiy of Three Small Guns upon the Para- pet ot the lower South Baftion fronting Cape Noix^ a fmall Hill which very much commands the Town. Maj 7. May the 7th, a Flag of Tmce was fent into the Town, with a Summons to deliver it up to His Britannic Majesty. To which an Anfwer was returned by Mr. Buchambon^ Com*- •mender in Chief, " That th-^ King his Mafter hiving intruded him witl. tc Defence of the Ifland, he could not hea: von to any fuch Pro- Dofalj'till after the moil vigorous Attack; ** and that he had no Anfwer to make but by *' the Mouth of their Cannon. *' Next «( (( ><« Sieg6 of Loiiilbourgj &c. xy Next Day the Enemy made a Sally ; but May 8. Virere foon repulfcd. Notwithftanding all the Care ahd Vigilance o^ May 13* the Men of War. and the Colony Cruizers, a Snow from Bottrdeaux got in •, which they at- ' tempted to fire by a Fire-fliip from the Grand Battery y but in vain. The Cohorns, and the Nine and Eleven-inch Mortals, Were removed to a Hill within Four Hundred and Forty Yards of the Wefi Gate ; from whence they annoy'd the Enemy very much, and receiv'd no Damage at all. A Party of a Hundred Men came out of the Town in the Night, and landed near the Light^houfe Point ; and the next Day attempted to furprize a Party that was polled at the Light-Houfe^ who lirft dilcover'd the Enemy from an Emi- nence, where they were on Guard. Forty only of our Men advanced towards them. The Parties met in a Wood -, and the Enemy was routed. Five of them killed, and a fixth (the Lieutenant) wounded, and taken Prilbner. The reft that efcaped joined fome others, and Eighty Indians^ about Mera \ and were attack'd Two Days after by another Party of our Forces, that were out on a Scout. This Dilpute lafted a con- fiderable Time, and feveral of our Men made Thirty Difcharges each on the Enemy, who were again routed. In this Adlion there was but one Prifoncr taken. Upon the Return of this Party, another Scout was fent out the next Day, who returned in Two Days, and brought, Ten Prifoncrs, who reported that many of their -i- I C Pe«- M i8 A Journal of the People were killed and wounded in the laft Skir- mim. Our Scouts and Cruizcrs at different Times took and burn'd mod of their fmall Settlements, , and took about Three Hundred Prifoners. iiaj 17, The 17th of May the advanced Battery was raifed, bearing W. by N. half N. at Two Hun- dred and Fifty Yards Diftance from the fVeJf Gate^ and One Eighteen -pounder mounted ; and the next Night another Eighteert-poundcr and Two Forty-two-pounders were mounted. Thefe were all brought from the Grand Battery^ upwards of Two Miles, as the Road goes, over a very rough, Tocky, hilly Way. From hence not only the Weft Gate was beat down, but a Breach made in the TVall adjoining -, and the North-Eaft Battery was damaged, and render'd almofl ufelefs : Their Guns lying entirely open to the Fire from this Battery. This Battery being fb near the Town, there was no Safety in loading the Cannon, but under the Fire of the Mufquetry, which was very fmart on both Sides. The Enemy generally o^ pen'd the Adion in the Morning with the Fire of their Small- Arms for Two Hours ; which we return'd with Advantage on our Side. We were likewife warmly entertained by the Enemy from a Flank of their Nortb-Eaft Battery^ from the Weft-Gate Battery, and the Weft Flank of the King*s Baftion ; which laft flank'd this Bat* tcry. And therefore, " , •■ ■ ^, iiof 20. On the 20th, a Trench being ^ng on A€* South End, and One Eighteen-poundcr, and^ Two Nine-pounders, being broughc from the siege of Louifbourg, d^c* 19 Eight- Gun Battery, and mounted upon the South Lir gainft this Flank, they, with the Remainder of the Guns at the Eight-Gun Bat- tery, difmounted fome of the Enemy's Cannon, and annoyed them fo much, that they were fl- lent the reft of that Day. Whicli was often the Cafe afterwards ; particularly A% the 2 id. May izl the Fire was very hot on both Sides *till Twelve o' Clock at Noon, when the French were beat from their Guns. ;*o* The 23d of May^ the Enemy mounted Two^^J' 23/ new Guns at the Weft Flank of the King*s Bafti- ctti but in Four Hours were forced to leave them. The 6th of Juney they had Two Guns run y^^ ^^ put of the new Embrazures cut through the Pa- ' rapet near the JVeji-Gate ; which foon began to play with great Fury ; and we were obliged to turn Three Guns againft diem. And in Three Hours we difmounted one, and filenced the o- ther for that Day. The Nine and the Eleven- inch Mortars with conftant Ufe ftraining their Beds, occafioned their being removed to this Battery, which was nearer the Enemy, as were alio the Cohorns. "■' The Bombs in great Number fell all round ; but did very little Damage. There were 10 Men killed, and 15 or 1 6 wounded, feveral of them with Mulquct-baUs. In the mean Time, the Enemy worked conftantly in the Night to barricade the Gate- Way, where a Breach was made. They ^IfO made a Retrenchment acrofs the Circular Butttty^ and raifcd another W^ork to cover their ,';d:i c 2 Maga- I i\ '.?/ il ■ t, Sj 20 A Journal of tie Magazine, and Jaid a Boom before the Tov/n, to hinder Boats from landing under the Walls. ' i - . , . ,: , , - I ' At the fame Time our Men of War and Cruizers were very diligent, and took fcveral May 19. ppj^es : And on the 19th of May there was an Engagement off the Harbour, in Sight of the Camp, between l()me ot our Ships and a French — 2 1. Man of War. — The 21ft, a Letter came to the General from Commodore Warren^ acquain- ting him, that he liad taken die Vigilant^ a I'rench Ship, of Sixty-four Guns. Befides the Superhe^ the Mermaid^ Eltham ^ Majfachufets Frigate, and Shirley Galley, were all in the Enr gagcmcnt, and at the Taking of her. Three Days after the taking of the Vigilant^ Capt. Ed- wards^ in the Princefs Mary^ of Sixty Guns, joined the Commodore ; and the next Day Capt. Cornwall, in the tU^or, of Forty Guns. May 20. The 20th of May the North- Weft Battery, commonly called ^itcomb's Battery^ was ereded, bearing N. W. by W. about Eight Hundred Yards dillant from the PFeji-Gaie^ and Two Forty -two Pounders mounted, which were brought from the Grand Battery. And about 4 Fortnight after were brought Three Forty -two Poundprs more. This Battery did great Execu- tion againft the Circular Battery, By means of this Battery, and the Advanced Battery^ not only the IVeft Gate was demolifh'd, but a large Breach was made in the Wall, to within Ten Feet of the Bottom of the Ditch, The Circular Battery was almoft entirely dem,Q- , . lifh'd. *S/^^^ o/ Loui(bourg, c^c. 21 Ilih'd, but Three Guns out of Sixteen being left Handing, and thofe fo expofed to the North- Weft Battery, that Nobody could keep the Platform. — The Weft Flank of the King*s Baftion was almoft entirely ruin'd, but in fomc meafure repair'd with Timber. — This Battery, the Advanced Battery, and the Eight-gun Bat- tery, were fuftained by Thirteen Hundred and Fifty Men. ^' After many fruitlefs Preparations for an At- tack on the I/land Battery^ it was attempted on the 26th of A%, at Night, by a Party of^J'^C; Four Hundred Men. But, from the Strength of the Place, and the Advantage the Enemy had of being under Cover, and our Men expo- fed in open Boats, which a Mufquet-ball would fink, the Surf running very high, and their not being thoroughly acquainted with the beft Place of landing, they were repulfed, with the Lofi of about Sixty kill'd and drowned, and an Hun^ dred and Sixteen taken Prifoners. The loth of June^ the Chejier arriv'd fromy^^tc; England^ and joined the Commodore : And on the 1 2th the Canterbury and Sunderland-, as did«-««it,; likewife the Lark^ with a Store-lhip under her Convoy, bound to Annapolis Royal \ .*;* It being of the utmoft Confequcnce to be Mafters of the * IJland Battery ^ and, after the laft * The IJland Batter/ ii a firong Fort at the Entrance of the Harbour, mounted with Thirty Twenty-eight-poun^ ders, and Seven Swivels, having Two BraTs Ten-in^h Mqi(-» |an, and garrifonM with an Hundred and Eighty Men. ^f %t ,^ jfmrnal of the hSL Attempt, thought impradticable to reduce it . l^ Boats, it was determined to ered a Battery near the Ugbl-Houje, oppofite to it, which would be Three Thoufand Four Hundred Feet diftant ; and in fuch Manner as to be oppoied to the Fire of but Four of the Enemy's Guns ; . ' and at the fame Time to flank a Line of above Twenty of their Guns. Which, notwithftan- ding the almoft infuperabic f Difficulties that attended it, was happily effefted, and Two Jtini ii-Eighteen-pounders mounted the nth of June^ — 14' and by the 14th Four more ; fuft^ined by Three , • Hundred and Twenty Men, Powder grov/ing fhort, the Fire had for fbmc Days been very much flacken'd ; and the French began to i:reep a little out of the Cazmates and Covers, where they had hid themlelves during yuttt II. the greateft Fiercenels of it. — But this being the Anniverfary of His Majesty's happy Aoceffion to the Throne, it was determined to celebrate it as became Loyal Subjefts and Brave Soldiers. And Orders were given for a Dif- >/- charge of all life Cannon from every Battery ^ at Twelve o'clock. Which was accordingly done, , „,and followed by an inceflant Fire all the reft of the Day. Which much difheartened the Ene- my t, efpecially as they were fenfible what muft necefiarily be the Confcqucncc of this new Bat- tery. It , t The Kfficultics were, the Tranfporiing of tht C: i- iNM), in Boats, from Cbapeau-Rougt-Bay to the Eaftward of the Lighmu/e; the ^tting them up the Bank of the Shore (whi':h was 4,fleep craggy Kock); the hauling thfm II Mae aod ^ Ouarter, ever, an , iuQnjdlhlc.liad Way,.i of i* . CClK tery hich Feet >ofed uns ; . bove iftan- that TWQ Junty Ihrec fome French es and during being Ihappy led to Brave Dif- try^ at r done, reft of I Ene- it muft :W Bat- he C;'i.''i' Iwardof c of the It was now determined, as foon as poflibfe af- ter the Arrival of the Canterbury and Sunderland^^ to make a general Attack by Sea and Land. Accordingly, they arriving the next Day, att the Tra ports were ordered off, to take out the fpare Mails, Yards, and other Lumber o# the Men of War. — The Soldiers were imployM' in* getting Mofs, to barricade their Nettings, and Six Hundred Men were fent on board the Ki nick's Ships, at the Commodore's Requeft. The ^;?rrre Mortar was ordered to the Ligfl>#^ Houje Battel y: And a new Supply of Powder arriving, the Fire was more fierce from this? 1 !me to the 15th than ever. "When the Mor^. tar begj»n to play from the Light-Honfe' Battery v upon the Ifland Battwy^ out of Nineteen ShcUs; Seventeen fell witliin the Fort, and one of thenti upon the Magazine ; which, together with the F'ire from the Cannon, to which the Enemy was very much expos'd, they having but little to^ ihelter them from the Shoti that ranged quite through their Barracks, fo terrified them, thai) many of them left the Fort, and ran into the- Water for Refuge. The Grand Battery being in our PoiTeifidifj^ the IJland Battery being fo much hurt by the Light'Houfe Battery \ the North Ea§f Battery fo open to our Advanced Battery ^ that it was not '^"ffible tor the Enemy to ftand to their Guns i all the Guns in the Circular Battery^ except Three, being difmounted, and the fVall almofl: wholly broke down ; the fVeSf-Gate demolilh'd, and a large Breach m the Wall adjoining ; the Weft IJ «5' I 1 I il 24 J j^ournal^ Sec. Weft Flank of the King*s Baftion altnoft ruined $ all the Houfcs and other Buildings almoft torn to Pieces (but One Houfe in the Town being left unhurt) -, and the Enemy's Stock of Am- munition growing fliort •, — they fcnt out a Flag of Truce to the Camp, defiring Time to confider upon the Articles of Capitulation. This was granted 'till next Morning *, when they brought out Articles ; which were refufed^ and others ft/ : in by the General and Commo- dore, and agreed to by the Enemy. -* Hoftages y«w 17. ^cfc exchanged ; and on the 17th of June the City and Fortrefles were furrender*d, and the Garrifon, and all the Inhabitants, to the Num- ber of Two Thoufand capable of bearing Arms, made Prifoners, to be tranlported to France with all their Perfonal EfFedts. During the whole Siege we had no more than One Hundred and One Men killed by the Ene- my, and all other Accidents ; and about Thirty died of Sicknefs. And, according to the beft Accounts, there were killed of the Enemy with- in the Walls about Three Hundred, befides Numbers that died by being confined within the Cazmatcs. - A » *- r> • • ») ■ fcf ' ^'if 74S- .S^*i •fe ■ ':r''f / V7 A Computation of the French FISH- ERT on the Banks : Ships yearly, which, as they come out from France mann'd to catch their own Cargoes in Shallops^ which they iiaul up and leave in the Country every Winter, 'till they return the next Spring, one with another may be allow'd Sixty Hands. And, it has always been aliow'd, from St. Makes and Granville they have at lead Tljree Hundred Sail of thefe Ships in this Filhery, that filli at Petit Nord, Fipante^ Belle- Ifley and the Gulpb j which will, all computed ■-.•<» II IP;: ■: I. II 34 A Computation of as above, (allowing thofe Ships, that fb come out to make their own Voyages, to carry each 3000 Quintals) be as follows : -— — Ships. Men. Quintals. At Cape Breton — ^93 At Gafpay < — 6 At ^uadre ■ — 6 'sj' At Port en Bafque — 6 At Le Foils IJles — 3 i5^. Makes Men — 300 186,000 J 8,000 1 8,000 18,000 9,000 900,000 414 — 24,520 — 1149,000 Here it may be objected, that of the 7hree Hun^ dred Ships above from St. Maloes (which they infift upon) Ibme of them are fome of tiicfe Ships above- reckon'd at Gafpay^ ^adre^ 6ff. Which is well known to be fo. But, then, no Regard is here had to the Ships fo employed, among the reft, from St. Jean de Luz^ Bfiyonne^ Nantz, Havre de GiiJce, Csff. which go annually into thofe Parts on the fame Voyage -, which arc a grc^at many more in Number than thofe Twenty One Ships above •, and would, could an exad Lift be had, much fwell the Account. Befides all thefe, there have been conftantly from the River Sendre, Olune^ PoiteuXy Havre y &c. One Hundred and Fifty Ships at leaft, the French iay Hwo Hundred Sail, imploy'd in the Mud-Fijhery, or Mort Vefi (as they call it), from Sixteen to Twenty- four Men each : Which carry home, upon an Ave- rage, from Twenty- two Thoufand to thirty Thoujand tyh in Number j which make, on the moft mode- rate lit- i the Frencli Fijhery, &c. 35 rate Eflimatc, Om Hundred and Fifty Sail of Ships : And, on a Medium, Twenty Men each, are Three Thoufand Men, and in the Whole Three Million Nine Hundred Thoufand Fijhes in Tale. Thefe Ships are fitted out in France for their Voyages on the Banks, and there tarry 'till they are laden \ unlefs they meet with any Accident or Difturbance (in which Cafe they refort to Cape Breton for Shelter and Supplies) ; and from thence home to France. And it was, thus, frequent for them, when they had made their Voyages, to go into Ca:pe Breton Sox Water e- fpecially, as they had no other Port. In regard to the Value of this Branch of Trade, it is necelTary here to obferve, that there is hereby produced a large Quantity of Train-Oil \ w'lich France has always an immediate Demand for at horae, for their Woollen Manufa ling Freight, per Qiiintal of it, in V — 172,350 : 00 Br.glijh Bottoms, to Market — — ^ And then the Fifh only is wortli {, 746,850 : 00 And let the 3 1 16 & qr. Tons of ) , pll be valued at i8 /. Sterling /!^r )- — 56,092 : 10 Ton, the Amount of it is — -- ^ As to the Mud-Fiih, it is gene- ") rally Ibid in France at 1 000 Livrcs ( ^ per loco Fiih •, and then at 1 1 c/. ^ / ^ »/ j Sterling />tT Livrc, their Vulu;; is j ^o : 09 And thus it appears tliat Onc^ Year's Fiihery ot the French only ^£ 9^*1, 69 2 : u> is worth, Sterling t3» V7hich great Branch of Trade, in a Manner, dc-. pends entirely on their Poill-irion c;f the LlanJ of Cape Ere!on, as it is impoinble to carry it on witliouc fome convenient Harbour cf Streiigth, i^fc. to fup- p!y, fupport, and protedl it : And is now with us to determine v/hether they fliall enjoy it or not. t *- t In Addition to this, let us confidcr, that, in re* gard to the \Voollen Manufacture, the Sta»- y>k aud Dependance of England ; ia which alio the i> ^ French 1'!^ the French Fijhery, Sec 37 French have been vying with us^ and have now brought that Trade to Inch a Pitch as to carry it all over, not only their own Dominions, (formerly ob- liged to Us for Fine Cloaths) but to a great Advan- tage into Itafyj Spain and Turkey , even to the great Detriment of England •, — I fay, in regard to this Branch of Trade, allow that every Man before- mentioned in the Fifhery, in his Blanket, Watch- Coat, and Rugg, Pea-jacket, &c. cor-lumes of thefe Coarfer Woollens Thirty Shillings Steding per Annum : And at that Rate even their Confump- tion will be Forty one Thoufand Two Hundred and Fifty Pounds Sterling ; which, had we the wholci Fifhery to Our-fehes^ mull of Courfe be of our own Manufa£fure. But, befides this, all due Confideration muft be lad to the Canvas, Cordage, Hooks, Lines, 'i'wine. Nets, Lead, Nails, Spikes, Edge-'Iools, Graplins, Anchors, i^c. ^c. tliat Five Hundred Sixty Four Sbips^ and the Shallops to fifh for them, nuilt ex- pend at Sea and on Shore : And allow all thefe to be Briti/h, and the immediate Value of this Branch of Trade to England, could Ihe (or rather VC!.llllr! Uji) keep It to herfcif, will difcover itfelf of greater Con- fequence than any other ; not even excepting tiie 'Fab A ceo ; that is, than any other Trade dependent on the Plantations. Firjl, in regard to the railing Seamen for the Royal Navy : Secondly^ the Con- fumption of the Britijh Manufadure and Produc-: : And, above all, in a certain Yearly Remittance of the Ballance of this Trade made to England from Spain, Portugal, Italy, &c. either in Specie or in fuch Foreign Commodities as pay His Majclly a prodigious Revenue •, and this procur'd by Dint of Labour only, and fctch'd out of die Abundance of uurSeas. Thus, ■ I i 1 1 j8 Jrl Cmiputation of Thus, fiippofing the French entirely excluded this Fifliery, (as may^ and f»«^, be the Cafe if England keeps Cape Breton^ and allows them no longer any Privilege at Newfoundland ; — for then they will not have any Port convenient for them, at leaft 'till they fortify upon the Main in the Gulph of St, Laurence^ — which, having Cape Breton^ we may hinder when we pleafe) ; and adding the Advan* tage of their Filhery to that of our own already ; and confidering that the whole Papal Empire muft then depend on us folely for this BacaldoSy which they can't do without, which will give us almoft die whole Trade of the Mediterranean \ and all the o- ther national Advantages that muft arife from this Confcquence ; and the prefent Acquifition of Cape Breton unpeopling the French Colony there, and re- ducing the Garrifons to His Majesty's Obedi- ence, which muft give us all the reft •, is of itfelf a fufficient Compensation for the War ; and will be fo allow*d by all thofe conccrn'd in Trade^ that know the many Advantages and Benefits that muft arife from this Branch of it only to England^ by monopolizing the Whole of it. But, beftdes the national Advantage by the Fifhe^ ry ; • — by the Redu(5tion of Cape Breton^ and an Englijh Garrifon there, France has not any one Sea- Port for the Relief of their Trading Ships, either to or from the Ea(t orJVeft Indies^ open to them any where in North America^ to the Northward of the River of Mejfafippi, For Canada is not to be look*d upon as an open Port to the Sea -, it being firft Sixty ,or Seventy Leagues withtn Land, through the Culph^ to the Nlouth of the River -, and then a greatdcal further up the River. So that it is imprac- ticablt 'ill the French BJhery^ Sec. ticable to think of going thither for Shelter : And of Con- fetjuence the whole Trade to and from the Wefi-Indies^ i^c, will be not onlv exposM to our Privateers from the Northern Colonies in Pvar-Time^ without any Place to retreat to, but even in Peace^ without any Sea-port they can call their own, or lay any Pretenfions now to do, in thefe Seas, any where to the Northward of MeJJafippi^ as above faid. And as to Canada \\.{^\^ — the River v&now fo much un* der our Command, as well as the Gtdph^ that all Trade there may be very eafily flopped, and all Communication' cut ofF from them by our Ships in and out of Cape BretM,. So that (without Force or Arms) in a very few Years that Colony would fall, and the whole Trade of Furs, carried* on with the Indians there, come into the Englijh Hahds, as' Canada may be kept unable to fupply or furniih them. But a happier Confequence than this will be, that, as they may be kept from fupplying the Indians to trade, fo alfo from encouraging them to annoy our Frontiers : And they (the Indians) even muji become obliged to, and dependent upon. Us ; fo that we fhall not be in fuch continual Apprehentions of their Ho/iilitiesj but rather may have them in as much SubjeSfion to Us as they have been to the French, To all that is faid before in regard to Cape Breton^ let it be added, that by this Acquifition we have fecured to the Nation the Garrifon of Annapolis Royal^ and the Colony of Nova-Scotia. Which, being a very rich and fertile Soil, and its Coafts and Rivers abounding with Fifli, and fettled by French Catholicks, that Nation has much regretted the Lofs of, and wanted to recover. Yea, and which they endeavoured to retake, by laying Siege to Annapolis^ both the laji Year, 1744, and this prefent Year ; and would have got it, had it not been for our Expedition to Capi Breton, which causM them to raife their Siege and with-* draw. Anil by our HOLDING Cape Breton, we fhall keep thofe French Inhabitants at Acadia in flri6t Allegiance to Hi s Ma J e s t y, or clfe oblige them to quit their Pof- feflions j which are all Farms^ brought to and fit for any Service immediately. Which will be an Encouragement to our own Subjects to go and fettle there j and alfo oblige tlie Capt Sablt Indians, our Enemies^ either to abandon tliat » I ¥ * I I 40 A Computation^ See - diat Shore, and fly to Canada for f^ch Shelter an^SuppI) ^« as they can fpare them. And by that means we £hall ge^ v rid of that Tribe at leaft, if not, by the fame M«ans,^^ thofe alfoof the St, JohrCi Tribe, which have been always" ^ troublefome to us; as both thefe Tribes have had thei^^ Dependance entirely on Cape Breton and the French oj ^ Acadia 5 the latter of which have (as Neuters) been fMp-|y pi) M and us'd as^ubje^b both by the Engtijh and French r Which we have long enough lamented the bad Confequence' of, and which now is ftopt ; fo that they muft either de- «> pend, entirely, upon Us^ and become good Subje£b with us, ' or elie on jthe French, And if the latter, they muft of Courfe retr^t to Canada^ (where they will help dlftrefs, » rather than reHeve, that Colony) and leave us Nova Scotia ^ difencumber 'd both of Themfelves and Salvages. Had, we not taken Cape Breton this Year, and the French . had taken Annapolis^, (which it*s not difputed They would have doney had We been idle) the Confequence then would have been : — -;- All the Inhabitants of Nova Scotia would ^ have declared for the French King immediately, atid die Colony at once been eftablifh*d to, Him. And all the Qipe Sable and St. John*! Indiansy , who aiStfted at the Siege of Annapolis with thofe of Canada^ would hive been well fup- ply'd with Arnis, Ammunition, ^^r^ and (rt loofc upon 6ur Frontiers: And their Succefs have 10 difpifit^d even ^ofe other Tribes that pretend <^o be at Pea(;<9, lyid) us, tnat dieymuft have joined with theni.. And they togcthcf VG,uld haveca^4c|d Hayock, Deya^titon, and Kai^igb^ a^ over our Frontiers': 'Whilft their' Men of War andPrfva- ^ bad theif^! I French .< irequencc*^ :ither dc- V 5 with us, " muft of p dUlrefs, > rua Scotia ^ he i'r^'Wf A . ley would' lien would )Ua would ^ , atid die UtbeC^^ I Siege of I well fup- K>fc upon ited even Vrtd> us, togipthe^ idTrtva- JortSy and lourPow- )m Anna' ^nny were me future PQUISI- lotFortK %% y