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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la dornidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »>signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbole V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reprodult en un seul cliche, il est film^ d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 S\xTioN IV., 1896. [39] rHANH. R. s. c. V. — ContrihutioiDi to t/ic Fleistocene Flora of f'niuii/a.^ By T). P. Pk.\iiali,(iw. (Head Mav 21, IsiHi. Sinoo tlu' autliors first general suminarv of the rieistoceiu' flora of Canada, in 1800.- a ninnhei' of additions liave lieen made, wlucii serve yet more fully to establisli the similarity liclween the flora of that |)eriod and our own times. W,. ]i;ive now to ri'eord other additions whieh serve to extend the geographical range ovei' a much wider ai-ea. PEAT AND LIGNITE FKO.M Till*: :M00SE AND MISSlNAMU RIVERS. Tlie material on which the first i>art of thi' present paper is based was collected l.y Dr. Ifohcrf Hell, of the (ieological Survey, during the ])rogress of his survey in the .Mot).se Piver region, in the summer of IS'Jo. As received by me. it was represented liy four lots but (mly two kinds — coarec peat ajid lignite. These specinunis ai'e designated by laboratory nu7iibcrs 44. 45. 40 and 47. Xumbers 4(; and 47 are lignite obtained from a locality on the ]\[oose h'iver about fifty miles from ils mouth. Xumbens 44 and 45 ai'e specimens of coarse peat or vegefal)le matter derived from 1 he foot of the Long Portage on the .Mi.ssinaibi liiver. a streasn which constitutes the western liranch of the Moose River, reaching to within about twenty miles of the station of the same name on the Canadian Pacific b'uilway. but on tlii' o))posite side of tlie divide. Dr. Hcli reports that this peat occurs in horizontal layers in a clayey deposit at a depth of fifty feet Ironi the surface. For fully twenty years it has been known that lignite occurs in abundance on the .Moose KMver and the tributary above mentioned. In 18(;5 Dr. BA\ noted its occurrence, and in his report for the .survey.s of thai year states that, in addition to its having been repoi-fed as seen in .s/Vwat the moutii of Coal Hrook. fragments were fo be found strewn, often in abundance, all along the bed of the .Mis- sinaibi Piver from the Forks to Coal Prook.' Similar lignites had pre- viously been found on the Mattagami and All)any Elvers.' in Istw Dr. Pell was able fo oljserve this lignite //; .^ifu in several ]ilac<"s on the Mi.s- sinaibi Jiiver between the LoTig Poi'tage and its junction with the .Matta- gami. At Coal Brook, three-fourths of a mile fi i its mouth, the deposit is about three feet thick. It is underlaid by soft, .sticky blue oluy, and ' In the pivparatioii of this paper I am iiiurli iiulchted to .Sji- Wm. Dausnii for a iiuinbiT of valual)le Mit^gcNtioiis relative to Die jivolojrieal aspci-l- of tlic (piestion. - " On Die Pleistocene I'Moia of Canada," Mull, lieol. Soc. .Vnier., i., oil. ■'Ceol. .Sni'v. ("an., IST.'i-Tti. :i2(i. ^ Iliu/., 1.S71-72, 112. 60 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA / overlmout sovc-nly feet ofdrift clay or "till." full of small pebbles and passing into -ravel toward tbe top. Mueb of the lignite retains a distinctly w<.ody nature, and sonic of the tree trunks are two feet in dia- meter. When .Iry il makes a good fuel., but contains a little iron pyrites At a point nineteen miles below (.'oal Brook there is a deposit two and one-half teet thick, and again, nine miles above (he Opazatika or Poplar Eiver, there is a bed of shaly lignite si.x feet thick. Other dej.osits are to be ibund in various localities.' From this it is evident that this material occurs throughout an extended area of country. The two specimens numbered 4t5 anna! badlv diso,,.aniLl bordere.! ,„ts and numerous rather Idgl. medullary rays "with resinous matter, and rather straight, thick-walled cells. The tangential sections show numerous rather high, uni-seriate ravs wuh tluek-walled cells. Masses of resin are common. ^ These two spcci.nens clearly represent the .same kind of wood and It IS at once obv.ous fronx the details given, that there are very f.^ and un«xt,sfac ory detads upon which to base a ditferentiation. kverZ- OSS, the character of the rays at once points to the fact that the woo s either Lan. or Pn.a, an indication greatly strengthened by the o"u rence o r..m- passages, from which the presence o? fusiform ravsn'^e inferred, ait ough these structures are not obvious, owing to th'nec o decay and comprcsion Nothing beyond this ca^ be determined c usnely. but on geographu.al grounds we wouM be led to the inference hat Ih. speces n.ust be either L. anericana or P. nigra. From Ud po,nt of v,ew then, the son.ewhat highly resinous rav cells would 1^ to the conclusion thai the w.H.d n.ust be that of 7.a./,, americana since in P..ea nn,ra ,l,e rays an- but slightly resinous, and the walls >f the cells are much thinner. Our present knowle Tliesc (k'tails point without muicIi douht tn I'imi. and most prohabl}-- to P. 7ii;int. Kcli'fcncr to pivvioiisly isT[ciiir>r (.\i'[i,r,A(Ki M. 'Hie n'aterial re ai represented l,y nnmlKTs [\ and 45 was fonninee tic structure of the leaves i.s complete. The j.lants are. for the n-reater part. suHicientlv lar-v to show the (diaracteristh' hramdiing- of Jlijinmm, at.d although the fruit is alt. .get her wanting, the leaf cdiaracters detino the siu'cics clearly. J.vcot'oDir.M, sp. Specimen U was foun.l to contain a short section of a vhiz.mu! with roots utta(died. The structure was quite transparent thi'oui-di decay, and showe.l a .listinct 'v.itral vascular axis. The structure was clearly that of a ly:i ■' Cat. Can. Fiiints. l,ss;{, |{|,s jiml 47.") [i'ENiiAi.LO\v] THE PLEISTOCENK TLuKA OV CANADA 63 UNDKTHRMINAI'.LK M ATF.RIA I,. WliiK' tlif body ol' tlu' pout ('oiisists of tlio Iwo spocii's (it nioissos (Icsci'ilitid, and cliictly of Jfi/jiniiin, niiicli frai^nicnlaiy mattor wa.s .sop- aratc'il out in noniiiii-. U pon close oxaiinnatnin tins proved lo consist piincipally of IVanMncnts of tlu' loaves of nu)ssos, toMcilior with mnch (n'ffanio rcsidno of an alt()i;;otlior indotorniinato ohai'aotoi-. Slioft frag- nionts of sodg-o loavos were also mot witli now and tlicii, hut thoy do not oonsiiiuto any very proniinonl oloniont. A very oafofnl oxaniiiiation of tho washini^s was made, in tho hope of discovoi'inif sjioros or some otlior ovidonoc of tVnotitioation, hut tho j'osults wore wholly ne,i;-ativo in oharac- tor. Wo ai'o tluis liroug'lit to tlie oonchision tliat tho poat.as roprosontod hy (liospooimensexamino(l, oonsists almost wholly of a deposit of J/i/jumw, with which a small cpiantily oi' Distir/iiiim is nnngiod. In this connootion tho (piostion natui'ally arises as to whether ihoso plant I'emains represent material deposited in the place where it ii'ii^in- aliy grow, or if it was disjtlacod hy tho action of watoi- and gradiudly accumulated whei'o now tbund. With resjioct to tho lignite, no satisfac- tory answer can ho given. The peat, on the otiier hand, atlords eoncln- sive evidence on this jioint. It lias already hoon shown that tho peat occurs in tho torni of consolidated flakes. Theso masses show upon examination that tho comjionont vegetation has hoon felted together in such a way as would In ])ossiliIe only through tho action of water. In adilitinn to this, there is miudi mingled saml and clay, which is also depositoa hetwoon the flakes, while it has already hoon shown that tho bits of wood inclosed in tho peat are drift unitorial. If further evidence were noeded.it could ho ohtainod from tho known iiahits of "-rowth of tho jilanls re]iresontei|. Thus wo find that Disfir/iiinn raidllacrum '^Yuwa in the fissures of rocks and similar situations, from which it must have been dislodged through tho actiou of water. J/ijjininii reciirran.s \n vevy common in mounfainous districts, whore it is found gi'owing upon deeay- ing trees and logs, and its accnmnlation in such quantity as is repre- sented in tliis peat can only he oxjilainod upon the ground that it was gradually carried down to lower levels hy the continue(| \vashin<'-s of spring freshets. It is thus evident that allot' this unitorial must have been derived from localities much nearer the headwaters of the Mi.s- sinaihi than represented by its juvsent position, and thus it had its origin in somewhat more southern looalities. J}oth of the mosses found how- ever, are of a northern tyi)e, and at the present time are (hstributed within the same general area, so that tiiey ath)rd no speoial evidence of climate luyond that alivaily derived from the other forms of plants observed. 64 UOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA NODULES FROM BKSSEREIl'S WHARF. Duvinj^ the last five ycju-s Dr. Ami and Mr. Lainh, of tlu' (!col(),i,'ical Survi-y, have colloftod u niinil)cr of Ploistocciio fo.ssils from a locality known as Ik-HseriM-'s wharf, on the shore of the Ottawa I{iver, about four- teen miles below tin; city of Ottawa. The formation at that i)oint is Leda clay, and the foHsils are contained in nodules as in the case of those IVom (ireen's Creek. With one or two exceptions, all the nodules con- tain ])lant remains. The facts indicated, joined to the identical character of the plants, would seem to justify the belief that these two localities iK'long to the same deposit, a belief which is greatly strengthened by their close proximity. With the ])resent extension of our knowledge of the Leda clay vege- tation, it is possil)le to add a few new species, and to eontirm previous determinations of plants from Green's Creek, about which there was a certain element of .ionbt. The following is a summary of the facts derived from a study of those nodules. Tyi'HA latikolla? Not previously recorded. The oidy rei)resentation of this plant was found in a fragment of an endogenous stem 18 mm. broad, completely fattened and showing thin films of carbonized cortical structure. The surface markings are such as to justify ]>rovisional reference to the species indicated. POPITLUS BALSAMIKERA. The only locality for this plant heretofore rei)orted is Green's Creek. It occurs in the nodides from Hesserer's quite frequently, although in fragments only. Vallisneria, sp. The only locality for this plant previou.sly reported, is Rolling Eiver, Manitoba. Similar leaves have now been found in abundance in the nodules from Besserer's wharf As in all these cases oidy fragments of leaves are to be met with, and there is no connection with stems, the determination involves an element of considerable doubt, more particu- larly when it is recalled that all these nodules contain undoubted Pota- mof/eton stems, and that the leaves under consideration nuiy, therefore, belong to P. zosterifolius, a species which is even now common in the vicinity of Ottawa, and which is very likely to occur in these nodules. Vallisneria is also common in the vicinity of Ottawa at the present time, so that there is quite as much probability that it may also be present in the nodules, and under these circumstances the determination may be l*KXHAU.o\v] TMK I'LKISTOCENK FLORA OF CANADA 68 iillowfd U> sti' ..i ]ir()visi(ni:illy. sulijoct to llif coiitiniiiilioii of fiituri' I'l'srart'li, IIypnum n.i itans. Sevcnil rnii^mciits of tlu> leafy j^lt-ms of ii inoss, usiiiilly iiliout IS-'JO mm. loiii;-. wfic ciicouiitoivtl. 1 Ik-si- woro Ibtiiid to Iks comijaralile with Ji. lluititiiti of Jei-iearp. It was at tii'st surmised that it mii;-ht represent the fruit (d' a I'otdmo'jfti'H. hut ii careful com- ])arison with the fi'uit of ix-cent siiecimens showed that tlii> could not bo, and tur tiie present tiu-irti-ue athnity must remain a nuitter of couje(,-turo i)idv. In another instance a carbonized sci-d or fruit was found to ho distinctly of the oxterual a>lK-ct (d' a (yi.eraceous fruit, and we may therefore refer all such bodies to this family iirovisiomilly. in addition to tla-so fruits, all the nodules contained more or lesH numerous fragments of wluit apiieared to lu- the leaves of sedges, and for want of more e.xact ditVercntial data tliey may be provisionally referred to the Ci/jieracea;. POTAMOOKTON l'Kin>'OT.I ATI'S. This si)eeies, represented by several loaf fragments, has alreaily lieen obtained from the Green's (.'reek nodules. I'oTA.MOOK'rON lUTI LANS'. In the jirevifjus description of the (Ircen's (Jreek fossils this sjieoieH was announced provisionally. In the nodules from Ik-.sserer's a number of iilants of the same description havt- been met with, and in a much belter state of preservation, some of the specimens being snuill plants about six to eight centimetres high, and showing the root system fairly well. It is thus possible to assign them with some degree of contidi-nee to the species above indicated. PoTAMOOKTON I'lSILMS. This species, already reported from (ireen's Creek, is found in abun- dance in the nc^dules from Bessorer's whurf. They are represented by both leaves and stems in a fairly well j)resorvod state. Many of tlio nodules show short, oblong or round bodies of a com])Osito character, the true nature of which remained in doubt for some time. They usually measure 1x3 mm., and are sometimes presented in side view, or again Si-f. IV., imy. 5. 66 HOVaL SOCIKTV ()1- ( ANAhA ill cimI view, and arc llit-iTruiv cillicr i,|,|, liiliit.> all\ a minilici' of small cavities, si iiy- ni' I'oMinl. The iiileriiir ex- HWinii- IlK' ilccay n\' ^t nietm-cs oriyiii V pivsciil. A Mil. IV extcinled exaniiiiali.iii led tu the concliisinn tlial tlicsc l«,dics repivsclil liie iiifI.„VMcllcc m a iuid c iilinii, or the fniit .,r oMc „r il.c plains ..therwise ivprcNeiiicd. In a feu- i.iManccs thcv were louiid atlaclied lusleMi> ulii. Ii were iiiid..iil.lcdlv lliose ofa /'<)ta>ilo,,e(celic.. of rcceiH s,",e..|c> ..Itliis H-eims'show thai they heai' a wry c|..se reM.mhlancc in ih.' Ilouerin- spikes uf Ix.ih /'. rnur;ilnr„s and /'. /,//>///„.s. An ih.' iVM-inhlance |,. the latter is very rerriiiii' ihcve >tructnres lo it. he nil 1': I'l'A M ( ) ( i ETON I'lK ri \ A ft S. Tliis species, at piv.seiit widely di-t rilnilc,! t iiruun.l„,„t Canada is ■•'•P'vsenl..d ill the nnd.desfrnn. l!c.scr,.rs l.v Icav.'s and alsu l,v one speci- "'<;ii <.f the ynnn- intlnn-sccnce. The latter shows a youn- spike ter- """"I >" III" main stem [...for.. elonn,,iion of the peduncle, and .•entral to I wo leaves. 'I'he din.cn>icms. a^ wll as th.- whole aspect of the speei- "H"'. a-ree admirahly will, hcrl.arinni Np,.,.inu.ns of the M.ecies ahov indicated. Ivjl ISE'll M I.IMosi M. A small jiortion (.f the >iliciiie,| epidermis ,,t' an /w/M/.^v/i^//), I'ither /•;. limo.^int, or i:. Iniimii. The former has alr.'ady hcen tonnd at (iroon's <'ivck, and the present >pccimen is therefore ivfcrrc(l to that species. I>i;il l..\ MTKA? J^'p resell t ed i c case only hy a portion of a leaf. 'I'hc specimen is most ncai'ly com|.aral.le with Jidnla bitva. to whicdi it is referred pi'o- visionally. This is tlH> tir.sl ivcord for this plant, a species whi(di is at the pivseiit tune common, ihronu'houl Ontario and. easlei'ii Canada. l'oTKNriI,I,.\ ANSEHINA. Tliis plant was found al (Irccii's Creek some years sinco, aii occurring- 'ui the nodules from (ircens Creek, and in the Lcda days at l!esserer's the .same ))lant ajipears in g-reatcr ahiimlanee and ol' laruvr si/.e. In the oi'in'inal account of it. I indicated that it could not he satisfactorily rcleri\'d to any of our exist- [rBSHAU,o\vl Tin; I'F.KISTOCENK FF.OIU OF CANADA 67 iiii^ s|i(H'i»'N, ami siii^i^ONtctl tliat iliiiU(ilii.< woiiM lie u siili-^tiiclory >|n'iitii' iijiim'. Ill its i^cMci'al iispcct this pliiiil rcst'iiihlcs F. rninisrt'it.-^, Inii is iiiiich siiiiillfi-, iiiiil lis (ho tVuit is in ail cases uantmif, it is (iitUoult tn assign it tn aii\' iii("l»'i'ii s|K,'ci('s. The iiaiiu' <>t' /•'. iiiailii Hivfis. and tVoin Ik'sscrcr's wharf, as descrihcil. a iiiuiiIht of new hicuiitics, as wi'li as several aihliliniial ]iiants. liave iieeii hrounht to notice witliin tiie hist tew years, and it will he proHtahle to consider these in connection with tlie data already recordi'd. in oriler to ij;aiii soini' clearer conce|itiiiii of their climutic and u-eoloy'ieal relations. I,.\lll.\ .V.MKIUC.WA. Our first enumeration of Pleistocene |ilanls shows that this species had already heen found i>y .^^r. Weston in the Leda clays at .Montreal.' Two more localities are now to he I'ecordcil. 'I'he first was repoi'ted hy .Mr. C. S. (lordon. of Cliicai^o rniversify, from the lower Till at Kort .Mailison. Iowa. The second was re|iorted hy Dr. W. l\ (ianoiiii;. of Smith <'olleii-e. Northampton. .Mass., from |)i'at hoi's in New i»i'iins\vi(dv.- Tlie tii'st locality represents a rt\urfaee, and formed een iiirlies in diameter. I'ih)!! exanuiiation tiio joined to .somewhat e\len>ive deea\-, mat nipressed. and by reason of tliis fact. lost. It was, howevi'r, jio^sible to I'eler tiie wood to PIdtanna occidental i,-<. \y o| the details of sti'ueiui'e Wert ■ilhout mueli doubt tl Ulmi's aaikiucana. Althou-b niwus nircwoy,, I:as already lieen recorded from liie I)( IIS IS the tirst install f r in. amiricana havm oiitaiiicd by I'rof. ('oleinan of Toronto, from tiie I» has dcsiiriiiited -'t'onvicts' ( "iitliiiir.'' T a' necii loiind It was on vallew at wiuit le material is wel' | readily admits of reference to the species indicated • "(■served, am .PiCK.V SIT('IIE.\SIS. A badly decayed specimen of wood from ■'(' Toronto. The slruelnre is so badly (lisorganiy.ed as t the species a matter of niiieli doubt. The wood is und and a|»|iears to approatdi elost'U ii(>r., i., ;i2;{. • liMire. (Jcol., iii,, tiiif). Jhid. 111., t);(5. AiiKT. (icol., xiii.. (It ; Jonrn. (^col.. iii., fiM. /Iji(/.. xiii, '.)o; Ibid., Ui,, li;fo ll'HNHAI.I.KW ] TIIK I'LEISrOCKNE FLORA OF CANADA 69 IK'CICS. n. ohfiisUoha is now ibumi in southi'i-n Ontiirio, and ]>articu larlv al.iMil the I'.ay oi' (iuinlt'. (Mar,, mi.) Mac I- 11! A AUIiANTIACA. Tlic most interesting ol tlio specini icns ilerived IVoni tlic Inter- iflacial is tlu' osai llii- ilanl wiTc sent to mc^ in )ran;ly found in Ontario at the \Vm. Itawson informs me thai in former years he lias f the wild osay-e from that re^'ion. It Sir ]MT>enl time. had specimens o valed liiei'( for liedii'es. am is certainly culti- Pn.f. .>r;ic()un is inclined to consider that the wild plants are oscajie^ T.AKi.v cur iM'inji! I iMiKN SIS. Di'cimc aliove name Ifscrihed hy me in isn2 undei the The material was forwarded to ii.e hy >rr. J. B. Tyrrell, of ns of wood were ( tlie (ieolou'ical Survev, and had heen d i'rive( from two localities i n Mani- tol la. icial Tlie . alt M'izon at which these woods were found is pi-oliahly Inter- as somewhat provisional. ioiiu;n is cleai I5oth specimei possess characters common is vicv; nnist he re;j;ari i\- repri'sented the same s| n'cies. which was found to to holli Lnrix orcii/cntalis and L. ainerirana. ies It was, therefore, thouudit desirable to refer them to :i ])rovisional spec tlu name of whicdi would he indicaiive o( the locality. in a'li lilicui to tlic matei'ial receive d Irom I) 'Oil \allt \' and scrioctl too muc ib( iljove iher were ii iiuni her of frau'ments of leaves which were h 1)1 'OKl'll U pi to admit of satisfactory determination. 'I lu y were, nevi'i theless. in all probability thosi' of willows and poplar; ' .lourn. ("icol.. iii.. liM'i. - .Viiier. (icol., ix.,;i(iS. • .louni. (ifol., iii., 'i:t">- 70 KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 'J'lu- tnllowiiiiiT synojisis of all the spocios of PleiHtoconc plants, so far obtained from ('aiiadiau lucalitii's, will st'rve to convoy :i more adequate idea of the extent of this flora and the details of its distribution : 1. .1 Iticn Ixi/sdtiica, Mill. Scarl)()ro Heights, Ontario (Coleman). .In'l o('(;('()I. III., (i2."). 2. Ari'r iihixloccnictnii, Vcn. Don Hiver, Toronto (Tow nsund). Mull. (ieol. Soc. Aincr. I., :{27. X Acer ■sricr/Kirhnnn, WiiUfj:. In noduk's from Crccn's Creek, Ottawa (Sir Wm. Dawson). Hull. Geol. Soc. Anier. I., :j2!), ;W : Can. Xal., N. Ser., III.. 71 ; VI., 10:{. ■I. A/j/ii,, not (U'tcrininalile. Green'.s Creek nodules. Ottawa, and Leda clays, Montreal (Sir William Dawson). Can, Nat., \. Ser. III., To ; Can. Xat. If., 422. 5. .\/iii(s, s|). Soarboi'o Heifjlits, Ontario (Coleman). Jn'l of Geol. III., ()2(i. t>. Asiiithid fri/i)h(i, Dunal. Don Valley, Jail Hill, Toronto (Townsend). Bull. (ieol. Soe. Anier. I, :{2;{, :«:{ : .In'l of Geol. III., (Wti. 7. /ii'/ii/fi lufcii, Mielix. f. Besserer's Wharf. Ottawa River (A'lii). K f irn SOI in pelf at((, I'nvsh. In nodules from Green'.s Creek, Ottawa (Miller). Bull. Geol. See. Anier. I., 32(), .'Wa !•. /iroitiu.s cUldtHK, L. In nodules from Green's Creek, Ottawr (Miller). Bull. Geol. Soe. Anier. I.. ;m. 10. ('I//JI rdccae, not deterniiiiahle. Green's Creek, Ottawa (Sir William Dawson) ; Besserer's Wharf, Ottawa Biver (Ami). Can. Xat., X. Ser. \'I., 401. n. O'/v.r rt7)/((^7/,v, Wlial. Scarboro ileifihts. Ontario (Coleman). Jn'l of Geol. III., ()2(). 12. C'lrcx- M(i(/e/lfinica, Lainarek. In nodules from Green's Creek, Ottawa (Miller & Stewart). Bull. (Jeol. Soc. Amer. I., ;{25, :m. V.^. Cdrr.iiifriculiifd, Boot. Scarhoro Heights, Oniario (Coleman). Jn'l of Geol. III.. 020. 14. CufCDiici.s, sp. Kollinj; Blver. Manitoba (Tyrrell). Bull. Geol. Soe. Amer. i., ;W4. 15. ('(D-iiiis, sj). titeeiiville, .\.,I. (Kdwards). Hi. DisHrhiiim vapllldvcHiii, Brucli. & Sehinip. Foot of the Long Portage, Missinailii Biver (Bell). 17. Ih'dKi ni 7'(ifiin(lif<)/ia, L, In nodules from Green's Creek, Ottawa (Sir Wm. Dawson;. Bull. Geol. Soe. Amer. I., :{2i), :i;W : Can. Xat., X. Ser. HI., 7(1 ; VI. 405. IS. h'/oiha rdiKii/iiisi.s. .'\Iichx. " ' Boiling l{iver, Manitoba (Tyrrell). Hull. Geol. Soc. .\nier. i., :J2."i, HIM. [Veshallow] THK PLEISTOCKNE FLORA OF CANADA 71 li). Ktivj/oncntd /irosfnifiiiii, Hiil'.s. Rolling' Hivur, iManitoDa (Tyrrell). Hull, (i'-'ol. Soc. AiiuT. l..:VM. U'O. /'.'qui net mil liiiiosinii, I-. Ill nodules from (ireeii's (Veek, Ollav.a (S.ewiirt). and Besserer's Wiiaif, ()l!a\va Hivei- (Anil). Hull. Geol. Soc. Anier. 1., :!27. :}:i4. :il. Ef/iiisitum urirjioidcs, .Miclix, In nodiiifs from Green's Creek, Ottawa (Sir Wm. Daws.^n). Hull. Geol. Soc. Amer. I..:«l,;«4: Can. Nat., X. .Ser. III.,:«1, ;«1; VI.. 101. -2. h'l/iiisrtinii, sp. Sciirhoro llei^lits, Ontario (Colenian). .In'l of (kol. 111., (i2(i. S\. I;'i/iiifiifiiiii .ij/lrdficinn Z 1/. In nodules from Greeir.s t'reek, Ottawa (Stewart!, Hull. Geol. Soc. Amer, I., :«4. 24. FontliKilis. sp. In nodules from Green's Creek, Ottawa (Sir William Dawson); ScarDoro Heights, Ontario (Iliiide). Bull. Geol. Soe. Amer. I., :):{;(, :«4 : .In'l of Geol. III., 02.5 : Can. Jn'l, 1S7S, m\) : Can. Nat.. N. Ser. III., 7:{ ; VI., 404. 2."). Fuois dif/Udtii-i, Pen. In nodules fnmi Green's Creek. Ottawa (Sir Win. Dawson) and Besserer's Whaif, Ottawa Hiver (Ami). Hull. Geol. Soe. Amer. I., :«2, ;j:U : Can. Nat. II., 422: Can. Nat., N, Ser. III., 7H; VI., 404. 20. Fm.rinuH fiwiilrannulnfn , Mielix. Don. Vallev, Toronto (t'oleman). Anier. Cieol. Nil I., 04 : .Jn'l of Geol. III., (Kio, 27. (icn/hissdcia 7-i'fiiiios((. Torr. & Gray. In nodules from Green's Creek, Ottawa (Sir Wm. Dawson). Bull. Geol. Soe. Amer. I., :W1, :i:W : Can. Nat., N. Ser. III., 71 ; VI.. 103. 2S (rVojrWMffac, not detei'ininable. Cjreen's Creek nodules (Sir Wm. Dawson). Can. Nat., N. Ser. \'I., 404. 20. Iljipnitm voinmiitdtinn, IIed\v. Scarlioro Heights, Ontario (lliiide). .Jn'l of Geol. III., (i2.'i : Can. Jn'l, 1SS7, :{00. :W. Hypiium IliiUdiis, L. Besserer's Wharf, Ottawa Hiver (Ami). .'51. Hi/piiKiii irriirrdns. Scliwaeger. From the foot of the Long Portage, Missinailii Hiver (Hell). :)2. lliipnuiii rcvolvi'nx ? Swartz. Searboro Heights, Ontario (Ilindo). Can. .In'l. 1SS7, :!00 : .In'l of (leol. 111., ()2."). 'Xi. Lnri.r diiii'ricinid, Miclix. Moose Kiver (Hell): I.eda clays. Montreal (Weston) ; Lower Till, Port Madison, Iowa (Gordon); Peat hogs, New Hrunswick (Ganoiig) ; Searlioro Heights, Ontario (Macoun). .Jn'l of Geol. HI., ()2() : Hull. (Jeol. Soc. Amer. 1., :f20, :m. 114. Ldri.r (■liiiri'lihridi/t'n.'iin. Pen. Churclihridge, Maiiitol.a (■fyrrell): Sec. 2;i, Township :{, Range II., .Maui tolia (KUiolt). ;}."). lAciuophiiid, sp. Rolling River. .Maiiitoha (Tyrrell). Bull. Geol. Soc. .Vmer. 1., :«!. 72 KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA ;i(i. I.HcopddiiiiH, .s|). ' ;:Li:z'r""- '"-"'""■''''"'■ '"'■"■--'■'»'■<>"•■-'■.". .Iii'lof (;,.ol. in.,(ii'.-, : ('mm. .hil, is,s7, :j!i|t. •'i7. Minhivd 'iiirnn/idcd, Xiitt. iJoii X'allfy. Toronto (("oluinaiu. •In'l of (Jcil. III., (i;).-.. •'K Ml tiinnilhis I, !i,ii;al,i I,. i-c(l(i clays, Monin il (Sir Win. Dawsoni. Mull. (moI. Hoc. mhit. I.. ;{:i7. ;{:):). -id. Xitriciilii hitii. liicl). Holliiifi- liivcr, .Alaiiilolia ('I'virclD. Mull. (moI. .'^,,c. Aiiicr. I.. :{;j|. 11). . I'otiiimxjilini pvrt hull IIS, L. Ucs..er..r-s Wharf. Ottawa Hiwr (Ami). r)(t. I'iil<(ii\(iii::::ti: "• " ■ """""" ^ "-'"'" "■'™'. Hull. (ieol. Soc. Amer. I., ;ii'7. ;!:{(. 5 '[PEMiAUOw] THK PLEISTOCENE FLORA OF CANADA 73 o:t. PdfcntUld (insrviiHi. L. From Crccn's Crerk. Ottawii (Sir Win. Dawson and Mill.T) and nessiTcr s Wliaif, Ottawa River (An)i». Can. Nat.. N. .Scr. IIL, 71 ; VF.. 1(« : l?nll. (!col. Soc. Amor. I.. IWO, :«!:<. ."il. Qiiirois ohfiisifoliti. Michx. Don Valley, Toronlo (Colcniai'.). Anier. V.i'ol. XIII., !»5: .In'l of Ceol. III.. (iiC). ."i.">, S(ili,i\ SI). Scailiovo n.'i-ihts, Ontario (Colfnian* : Don \alloy, Toronto (C olenian). .In'l of (leol. III., Ii2(i, (i;{."i. ")(!. Ta.'iiK ciiiiiKltiifiii, W'illd. Don Kiver.Toronto(Ti)wnsfn(l): Sols.-lrtli. .Maniloh i (Dr. C. M. Dawson ^: Tyrrell) : Rollin.ir River. Manitoba (Tyrrclb ; ("ape Breton (Sir Wni. liawsonl: Bloominglon, 111. (,\ndrewst ; Don \alley. Toronto) Cole man) ; Lower Till. Kort Madison, Iowa (Cordon). Hull. Ceol. Sor. Anier. I.. :«1. :«1 : Anier. (ieol. Xlll., !)| : .hi'l of (ieol. III.. (i:Ml : Trans. R. Soe. Can. IV., iv.. '.):i. .">7. Thiii/a orcuioifniis. L. ' Ledii clays, Montreal (Sir Wni. Dawson) ; I.eda River. Manitoba (Dr. C. M. Dawson) ; .Marietta. Ohio (N'ew'>erry). Hull. Ceol. Soe. Amer. 1.. :i2l, :V.n : Can. Nat. II.. I2:i : Can. Nat.. N. Ser. II!.. 72: VI., 101. iiS. Ciiprfusiis flii/ohfcs, \.. Greenville, N..I. (Edwards). ."SO. 'I'l/ithn lofifolia L. liessercr's Wharf. Ottawa River (Ami). (iO. riiiiiis (iinirirKna. I-. Don Valley, Toronto (Coleman). .In'l of'deol. III., (i:'-"' : Hull. (ieol. Sue. Ann'r. I., :{2;i. 01. r/iiiiis riitriiiiifia, Thomas. Relow Hrie elays, Don Rivi r, Toronto (Townsend). Hull. (ieol. Soe. Amer. I.. :V2;i, :m. (12. Vdrciiliinii iilii/irKisHni. L. Searhoro lleijjhts, Ontario (Coleman). .In'l of (ieol. III.. ()2(). (i;{. VdlUsnirai , sp. Rollin- River, .Manitoba (Tyrrelli : DessererV Wharf. Ottawa River (Ami). Dull. (ieol. Soe. Amer. I.. :W."), :«!. 74 KOYAI. SOCIETY OF CANADA If ur next coiisidfi' I lu'so plants (■oiiiinii'iitivily. iU'cordiiii; to the six prin- cipal iocaiitifs from wliicli tliry luivc hooii (lorived, it will Ik- ]M)ssibk' ^o gain sonic tiirthor fonci'))ti()n ot'tlii'ir bearing u]ton climatic conditions : Lei>a Ci.ays. D()\ RiVKR. Acrr ph inlOfCiliriilll. (Ikkkn's Crkkk. I Bksserer's. Moxtrkai,. bCARIHIIiO- i funrfnii'l iniit \Alp'"> fp- A^imiiid trilnhiu' Bt'tfNi'iiin ti'llatn. I ciliiitHn. iCupviaciii', .Ciire.f Bclulii tultft. Cupcraceiie, Miilitlltinicii.\ Drineni i rotund if iilid. Equtielnm EiCl l'l)')if/rl^ lE'iiilKiliim siiliutticiim, Eoiiliniilii .' sp. Fifi'us lliljilllllC< Emnit ilipiluliii. AlllKf, f\< /■VlfXl'llHS 'IKiKlniiigiiliitn, (j'liliiumucia ' rc'ftinitsti, (irdllllili'li , sp. I Hlipniiiii Ihillaiin. lAbie» hillxd nirir Alitiii, sp. Ca re.i I'air.i miualilii. ulrlciilatii Efiuiieliiiii, sji. Foiitimtliy, sp. .MOOHK RlVK.R. DiKtirhiiim cripiUaunm. Hiipiiiiiii cuiiimxitaiuni [I'E^HAl.l.OWj THE I'LEISTOCENE FLOKA OF CANADA 'I'AIII.K Ol' ('(IMI'AUISONS. — Cod/l'/IKC'/. 78 Leda Ci.Ava. I>oN Uivi:ii. ScAiiiiORO. 1 MooskRivkr. GhKKN's CBKF.K. j BKaSKRKK'S. MoNTRKAl,. Milrildll 'iiir'iu'iiiiii Oi'yz'tiyHifi Itlpl.li/lllilt. I'ii.iii nigrit, Pieia \ aitch'HHia.l J'lnlanttK OL-dJuit'ilis. II 111)11 II I rernlrenx. amirii'inia. anieneiiua. Ll/rnlioll lit tilt ^P' Minyanthfn trifiiliata. Hl/liiiiiiii Lail.f iniierwuna. L!/r<'Ppi'liiii Potiimogilnii I pei/oddliiii. pi'/uliiitwA Polamoijelon PnliiiiKigct'in | Ifusi/lue. piiailliiH. Putamogelim Polo ..'tigetmi riitihns. rutilnna. Putintilla Polititilta I tinni.'i'ina.; miserina. IJuercUH obtiiiiliibii' Sidi.i;sv. Taxiix t untiilimm. Vlinun Kiiieiiidna, Tuphn lillifiiliil. Vliiiuii ViiHimiriii, sp. Salit, sp. Thiiliii iriilinlnltt, I'll nrhi ill III ul i ai iiDKii III 76 l.'OYAI. ^(H TKTY OF CANADA A ciiri'l'iil t'Niiiiiiii:iti(iii i>\' ilic lorcn'oiim- tallies will sci'vc In disdnx' iniporlant tads I'clalivc to the iialiiiT of tlic cliiiialc which (listiiiuuishcil If several |ierioils indieated. 'I'lie \ei;'etatioii oftlie Don 1,'iver ] icrioii is o a warmer ciiinal*' Of tl Xi'vy rcinarkalije in the testimony it atVonls as t tiierann'e of Arrr jilcixhict'iiiriiin w c iw iiothinLf. sin<'e it is impossiliio at the |ii'esent time to estalilisli its |ii'o|ier atlinity with any u'iven existini;- sjiecies, Pina sifi-/,(it,-^is is a ileterminatioii of doulitful value, and aire aily |ionile(| out. this --jiccirs must as ell out (d' eoiisidd'ation in detei'miMini'- elinuilie eondilions. ,^i(h.r must also lie left out of eonsid ation, sin ee We do no t know th tieCH' er- and t hus are unahle to decide whether it re|iresents nort hern orsotiihei'n types, '/'d.ins rnnai/iV' species whi(di In ila\' ran ly is a as ar south a.- iiorth than the l»oii IJiver. so that It mav lersew ami much lai Iher ia\'e loi'iiieil an elenielll ol a climate the same as now, oi- have n'rown in a climate either warmer or uthward to .Mi-xmi'i and Kenluck\', colder, anil it f Im !(.■< raccmasa ranii-es so s occurrence in ( )ntario hrinii's it to the nort hern limit (d'disiri- niiis aniiricaua. hulion. so that it must he rey-.arded a- a southern t\pe. ("I altlKiuydi a more noi'theni type than lln' precedin;::, is nevertheless ciiieHy found to the sniitli of the i)oii, so t Toronto, hriiiii's it pretty well toward lat its occurrence in the reii'i- its highest nort I lern s in .Miciiin'an. and reachinn- southward to Floi'ida and Texas, hecom- inii' more abundant in tl le southern iiortion I'Idtiiiiiis (ii'iiilriitiili.< is also a southern typ of its ai'ca of distrilmtion. ha\inii' its hiu-hest northern limits in Canada in tl u' vallcv lit the l)on. thence extending' southwai'd through the rnili'd States. Pne.a ni'/ra like 'J'a.ius raiicK/rnfii t.VI' of plant which may have lielongod to a climate eithei- wai'mer or colder than thid of 'I'or onto, a t th present day, Jt i s found as far soidh as I'ennsvlva ma. a ml reaches far northward to the irctic Ocean. It i> ormi'd therefore, an Arctic type, hutof such a chai'acter than it may have I an clemeid in the flora of a soniewliat warmer climate than that of Ontai'io. J/iir/iini aurantiara is now found sparinglv in southern ( )ntario, 1 at least may be cultivated there. It is. nevertheletss. a .southern type, since it is now found cliieMy through the region from eastern Kansas to rthcrn Texas ; the evidenei- which it atlords. is thus of exceptional aUu'. /■'rihn'iii/s i/ii occurring in the I'leistoceue of tlu' cent are distinctively id' a i J) on. of w hiel 1 six, or A 77 .■.•M.y UP |'..M„sylva.,ia. From ,1,, stMM.I,,Mi„t of i.ula.m.Hl jevi.l poiiils conclusively to tlic (•((■( (!,;,( d,',, d llicrclnrc. the testiiiioin of tiie Don pciioil iniisi have I prohi.hilily siMiilar to that (.fthe .Middle fiiited T <'<'ii niucli warmer tiiaii i Stale; etico, iinate low, and in all sercr's and Mont ro plants <.f (irecn-s (."mdv, Scarl.,,n. Ileied.ls, Mcose I are ditl'erent fVoin tli rron|), prohal.h-, also, ot'ditl ei'ent aij'e 'III ciiaractei' (Vom all tiiese locaiilies, and iv| will 'out exception, the same as that wlii.d liver, Mcs- iihove and constitute a distim-t ■y are essi^ntially of the same iresenl a vcM-etation whi(di is. same iH-'ion. Tliey indicate I.eyond ,h,ul,i oin- own time or possiiiU- a little i ' now nourishes throiii.-h the ii I'limate similar to that of In reviewiiii;; tiie cvideiici nore seven '■'■'"" >'"■ l^'''lii '-lays, Montreal, an.l from tl '' '•''■'"■'teallorded |,y 1 1„. pjaids .lerived Ottawa. I lind that Sir W'm. I); ago as 18(;8. holdini;- that the p| nodules of (irei^n's Cn iwsun .■.^pressed a similar opinion as long represent tlu' vegetation of tli plant- "enveil Irom the latter local ijeeii lirouglii ii, fiom citli same I'ognm, and not ily must er more southeri femaiiis whi en tiai '""' """• llierefore, the climate indicated would of the southern I'ence, at present 1 or more northern loeaiit les, eoast of Lahradoi- Lord 'e comparaMc with that enng upon the (iull of St. L iiw- With respect to the J' rr(,f. A. I'. ( clear by our tahular jircscnl eistoceiie deposits in the vicinity of Toroido ioii to (he fact ai.so niadi oleman Jms I'ecentIv drawn alteiit lioro Jleights. the de| itioii, that in the Don valK ■li'iig to period.s of verv dillerent "»Mts were laid d.,wn at have 1 le climate of t he Scai'h, leeii SI Su Scarhoro hed Sll 'Hilar to that now existing a hout ha|. jro I7'"'>- 7" i" l'"l.-ador. Jle is also incli,,,.! to (avour the^-iew tl •^ wi^re laid down tirst. ice the J)ou period tl 111 winch case it would change, whcrehv it i le climate ot that region has mid ' localities were contemporaneous. ow emhracing Searhoi^o Heio-lits. ( probahle that tin; dejiosits of tl rreens Creek, iMoo.se ie.se various ' Can. \at., N. Ser. III., 74 ; VI. '•'Jn'l of Geo). III.. (NJii. 40(i.