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■eS} L35T KlQ.r -.TrCPt

t""6) 288 - 5989 - i'a.

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1

THE FRENCH CANADIAN HOKSE

EVIDENCE

DE. J. G. RUTHEEFOED

Vclerinari/ Virector General and Live Sl'Jck Commis^iuncr

BEFORE THE

SELECT STANDING CGMMITTPJE

AGRICULTURE AND COLONIZATION

1909

Printed by Order of Parliament as advance sheets of the
Committee's Final Report.

O T T A W A

PRTKTED BY 0. H. PAKMKLEP:. 1>RINTKR TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY

1909

13950—1

f

■

1)11. J. a. RVTBERtORD. VHTBRniAnT niRKCTUR (,7;.\77.M/.
0 EDWARD VII. APPENDIX No. 2 A. 1909

THE FRENCH CANADIAN HORSE

t.

IIOl SI-: OK CoMlKiNS,

Com:.iittkk Room No. 34,
\Vki)NKM)\\, .March 17, WOO.

The Solt'ct Stundiiif? ComniitUio on Affriciiltiin' :in(l ('nlnMiziilioii met liorc t'xliiv
at 11 o'clfK-'k, Mr. Sohell. clialnmui, prti^iilin^;.

The Chairman. — We are thi.* moriiin;^ to licur an ndilrpssi from Mr. J. (J. linthei-
fonl, Vdcriiiary Director (iciHTiil and Livf Stock Conimi.saionor, (Hi 'Tliii Fniicli
CuiiU'liaii Ilors".'

UKSCRiniON OK TVI'K At. ANIMAL.

Dr. RiTiiKKroiiii. — Tlio Fnnic>!i CaimdiiiTi i- ilcs.'rilicd liy tliii-<i> win) kiifw liiin
l>ri<ir to till' great vnri ition in t.vp^' which, owiii;; to the introilnctinii of otlicr hlooil,
has Imioii hroii^ht about within the list tliirt.v .v(-ar>. a.^ an animal of Nuniiati Frciicli
ch'scnt. iiltlionKii of nioro or le-^j mixcil Iro -ilin^r, staniliin,' Kcncrall.v hut little over
liftoen hand^ hijjh and wcishinK from nine to eleven Inmilrod poiind.^. Tlso head i^
l-rond and ouraitcons lookintr. jifrhaps so:::c\vhat c.ar-^c, with the inxrs far apart, the
nock thick, the frame .sto'.it. the hrea-t fnl!. th ■ should rs stronir, even ra h r nnrii-'lit,
'he hack rather Ion;; thin short and ^iides inelin -1 to l!:itne-s, thi' croup r.illici- round or
lleshy with quarters short and soni'whnt drooping, the muscles well let down and the
tenilons larg-, the feet tou^'h and almost immune from disease, ifr. B;irnard of
Sherhrooke, (jne., who |x'ihaii; knew the (dd Imied of French (^tnndian horses a.s w<di
as any one whoha.s written of them, ascribes the shanpine s or abi.iidiincc of hairuii the
luane and tail and on the h ps which are ( ha:acteristics of the breed, to the severity
of tlie clinmte, and suypc^ts that under good cultivation the.se characteristics would
probably disappear bmi; before any change would be i)erceived in the innate cxcell ii-
eics and i>oeuliaritit's of the breed.

Tlio r'niich Canadian horse is of no fixed colour and although a goo.1 mover with
hi- (1 ix-rlnips rather forced action, is not inclined to maintain great s]Kvd for any

1 ii of time although there have been, and are some remarkable exceptions to this

Evi n though L'ss given to style and showing pt^rhaps less anibition than the
jVlorgan and some of his other ndatives, who it may lie said in passing, lionefited much
from th<> strain of liis blood which they iindoubteilly acquire<l, the French Canadian
v.a.s iio whit inferior to any of them or jierhaiw to any horse of his weight, in stn iifrth
anil endurance. His hardiness and ability to thrive iinik-r the most ailverse condi-
tions were notable characteristics. Takii-.g him altogether, he was a rennirkaiilc little
horse, eminently suited for tho needs of the Inbitanl. well capable of performing the
light agricultural work of the small Canadian farm under the oM regime and e(iii:dly
well iidaptini to the roads of Qnel>ec. which even to this day, < sjvcially during the
winter season, 'le ined tho employment of a light and active hors<', capable of nego-
tiating deep pitch hoi, s and de( p r simw drifts, which wonhl bring to griQf iranv
animals of more weight and greater pr<'t<^n.sions.

I Inive liere in the I{'>pirt of the Ontario A'_nicultiiral C .nimissjon of l.»l about
the only decent picture of the French Canadian horse which I have been able to find

13950— IJ 01

yHTt:ui\Miy i>ii;Htiou uN.\t:iiAij

9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909

otiywhiTi'. I think it might l>fl piissed arouml among the members of ihi' ounuiiittif.
ThiMx) is iiotliing in the himit thut ig giniiiiui: U> llu: nuljjiol cxcipt the pirturi'.

WhlU'. a'- uIm.vi' sUiI<xI, «im.- nWiito that ninny ditTci^'nt strain.-* w<Tf coniiniiiKliMl
to [>rc'<l\u'e him, the f.li't remains undisputed thut tlu; kmic hlihid of iIh* lirciil was
i>l' llic Inst thi II avai'u'ilc. The fuiiuwintf iiuutatioii from a rce. ni, uhKi ri'i»>irt by Dr.
.1. A. (.'onluro emtains loi'la of KriHt intirest: —

' All n| tliivc uniinuU w<r<' de.ici 1 from tlm^' m lit out fri>iii I'raiu'.' in iIk'

iiirly days of tlie C'l'l-'ny. bmis XI'- ,o Hked to lUj lhin^"< in a niai -I way, h"!
iiistnietfd his Miiii.-tir Colbert, liiin-cli \iry e.itier to 8t\i the Colony lloiiri.-^li, to .-. n.l
hiTc only the lest iUiiniaU of the kiiif;<ioni.

''i'lui.s on the Kith of July Iti.'i.'. tliero win; Wilt to u-* twiiily nuir. s and tuo
stullioiw from tlu^ lt>yul stabler, (.unfoitiin.iti-ly ei(?ht of th.' niiirrd diid duriiij; tin-
vo.\;.fro). Others were p;eiil us in ItiOT, im'linliiitc a stallion uiid two maris fir llii-
Ur.->iiliiies. Ill IfiTO elfveu mar-^! ami a slulliun were luiidul in tin.b.f; othi-r ship-
ments followed.'

'TlieM' horsi-^ whiili reniained the Kind's prop' i-|y for tlin-c yearn, win- di-tn-
liited anions; iho (jrntlcmen of tin- country who had dent' most to i.v.iiuoto .■ .lonlzal; .ii
and cultivation.'

Ill tlu-r larly d;!\s tho symnu-try and cpuility which . i.a:ai-li-i-i.s;' our modi in
iiupruvid breeds wi-ro prai-tieally unknown so that it is ix-rluip- .sx-.ire ly fair to iitlri-
bulc the faults or ratlur iioculiarities of conformation, which in our day and tliul of
o.ir falhcrs li.ivc Ux-ii charai-ti-rislii: of tlu' lire«!ii, to want of cart- or judt:ment in
.-(-l<»tion on the part of tin ir brieder.s, allhouKh it is altogether likely thut these ulso
hud ih'ir effect in 'nti'iisifyiiiK the niaikid ixxniliarities already mentionid.

'I'herc eaii Im no doubt, in view of the e%-ii|tnc, aliluc<-d that llm hardihood and
eiiduiancv. of the French Canadian horse weri; d rived from the .same sourco as the
like attributes in the Thorou^dibred, namely tho Ka-lciii blood, Arab, Turk or liarb,
to which all our modern brctiLs of liy:ht hor.-es owe their best ipialitics.

1:

IDENTITY Ui' THE BRKED ALMOST DlISTItoVlll.

From the ahove d<-ecription, it mu>t I think be admitlt.'d. that tho Fi< iieli Canadian
bred of horses was well worthy of preservation and that with earo in s, Iction, th
d«-,( lopmciit of t;c'i"l, the eliniilu tion of bad ipialities, ami the gpeiieral iini>rovvmi nt
whicii miL'lit rer.soealdy have Imi'ii i \pi-.-N-<l under present day condition.-, it would.
hail no ndveisi' circumstanecs intcrveiKM;. have' hu'ii by thi.s time an excfedin^'-ly valu-
able ad lilioii to the lif,'lit hoise sto.-k of the Dominion. As has hcii wi 11 ixiinli^l oit
on more than one oeea-ion by Dr Couture, to ■.vliom jierliaps, more than to any otlur
man in Ciueliee is due the prcs-iit revival of the Fn-iich Caiuiditm liois--, as well as
that of Ih;! Frtuich Canadian cow, a very jrrave iniMako was mad<' thirty yeais a-o
bv will meaning,' hut short sif,'litid live stock refoiiu i.s, who, by the introduction ot
stallions if many different bneds sueecH-ded in almost entirely destiviyin,., the identity
of the native strain, and subst'lutiii};: for it thi; nondisci-ipt mongrel now far too
fricpicntly found in the stahl, s of our Frendi Canadian fellow citi/.ms.

'J'heri are ninny of us in this room today, myself amonf.' the number, thoii^;h I
have lK>eu but litlb- ovi r thirty yi-.ir> in Canada, who will neo'I- ct the Fiench Caini-
dian horso a? he was hefoio the intnductinn of these foreifrn sir<s. and it will l-e
(,'rnerally ailmitti d that, thoutrli now lie is seldom seen, he wa-^ an inliiiilc-ly iin re
attractive and valuable animal than the gnat inajouty of tho-e who have usuip.d hi-
jilaee. Every eredit is tlier^'fon.' due to those wlio, a.-.tuated by no mercenary but hy
iiatriotic motives, h.-ive bei-ii eiideavoiiriii^r to pn-S4-rve and [x-riK-tiuite this ancient and
historic bn^d. and although some misliikes and errors of judtcm. nt have uudeuhtidiy
been committal, I tliink. keeping in mind the object they had in view, we should be
*to their faultB a little blind and to their virtues very kind.'

TUK FRK.SCU CANAVUH UORtlH

APPENDIX No. 2

ESTADMSilMKNT l)V KHKM 11 CANADIASI STl!D BOOK.

Tlio fir»t »U<p towiiril!* till' pr. wrvuiiiMi of Ui« orJKimil Btruiii wiw taken in 1SH5
will 11 m llio risult iif nil ak'iuitiiiii comiii<'ni'f<l !>>■ I'r. ('(iiiturf, llif l|..iiininililc Dr.
\lr.^, iIku I'liiiii' .Miiii-tii- '.f ymlrtic. i-tuMiHluil aiiiuiijf uiliir n "ords ii !•>. mli
t'liiiuclinii Stuil HiKik, tliiit \ioiuK fnniially i^p luwl on Di^.x-ihUt Hi, IH-^ti. Ili iiiun-
ii(f( ••IK lit, Uri well tut lluit iif ill.' Froiirh Caiiailiau IIitiI IS.uk, wii- i iiliii»li .1 to a ('•.i.i
mi »i(iii ci.iiip.iniil of M. .1. A. L -UKC til.' A»-i.'.laiil ('.Miiinisniciirr of AHiiriiltun' an. I
L.iir ..lli.'i t;,Mill<-iiuii, iiaiiii'ly Dr. .1. A. C'outiiiv, uiul Mr.^Mv. l'a-a\a:it, Hiirnanl aa.l
Mi'Mai'liian.

1()UM\T1.IN OK Win. Mil lAVAliU; HOIt-j; UliKKIil.ll S A-^ i liU III iN.

Ill III. I' .11)
lil'lWi . M

I,

Till.' woik iiiaili- liiit litll.' proKif>i-i until l''.»."» win ii tlw I' r. n. li (':iiui.l
Hri'. iIitb' Assmiiitnii \mi» foniii'd n.:(i the woik of in-|i< itii.ii inau^iiMM);!.
I.''!l5 uiiil I'Ji'j, ' i;-lil<' II liiiiidr. .1 aril oil" (l.'-Ol) aniiiia!> w. n- r. "i-l ml. ut \.lii
(iix lniiulr.'»l and tw»'iil}-<!;(?lit (tL*>j wiTe m ili'S on. I «<l<n'fii luiii.ln .1 ami covt^iit.v-
tlivci- (llT:i) Wi-rc fi-iiia!(.H. 'I'lif work pri'iMCKSi'il in .-ipito of dilliciillii s. ;iii.i .li';.uliiu'!.i
with iniin' or li'ss .'■ii.-. csh until thr yrar I'Mt-i. when as thr iiMlll of ll»' inm. m. lit 1. r
till' <-lal.li-liiui lit of llm Natioiiiil Ut'i'onl^. tlio variolic livo stock a>-.i. iiili..M.s of
tinelM-c hurix'iiilred, to soiiio oxt. iit, tlw'ir in.lividuality, and U^cuiiu; part an. I par.'i I

Ol lllo IlrW ^y.stl III.

ll, „.is not liowovcr until nflcr I asMiiucd oHii'o ns Live Sl<K'k ( 'oiumi- ion. i'. in
July, VMM, that thi.-: irw i'hai»t4M- in the hi-tory of t!io Qii. hco n .'..r.l.s wa.s nally
op iii'l. 1 f. .1111. 1 .11 t kiiij; I'liaru'r that our Frcin-h Cain i'li 1 im ior
iK-arly two yiar^ had claiwd, «oro still to a larjrr cxlout in oiit<>r darkn.*
ll.oii^.'li a majority of tlio awiim and .some few Khcip had btrn
whatcvoi' lin.l hci n douo in tin- way of n-iri.-<ti'rin>; citlior horst

a;i....':';li

an.l tliat

rrcorilcd, nothing

while th'
but a >h'
tonierii<!<

or eattle. Willie nil
overwMeliiiinc majority of the sho.p of (Jiicli.'c hnd nl-^o heen, throu«h ono te.lmiealit.y
ur au.i-.h.'i-, d.'harre.l from pirlieipatinn in the hrin liUs of the new oid.r of thinK!*-
As eaiL, na'lily ^f-' iniagimd, ooiu^idiiahlo dis-nti^fa.tion existed over this titati' of
a^l■!liI•^^. iiia-niu'eh US a lai-fre nuinl.or of bree.ler.s ha.i two .seasons' produce iinreKi.^lcr. d.

outlook fr.'in th-ir i>..int of vi. «• wa.s auytliinfr but reassiiriuc. It took
rt time to adjiust matters as far as the l-'rench Canadian Herd Hook was

and ri>t;i-ti'ati.in of cattle was soon in pro^'res^. Tlio she.p question was
much more ditHcnlt owinj; to the fa. i that the sUndard of regi^ration in Quebec
dilTere.l eonsid. r.ihl.v from that adi pt< d by the bre; dei-s of Ontario, who were naturally,
from tiieir businevj relations, in close touch with the various Anioricae Ki i-onls.
'Ph.' slie.w dil'Lultics wer*- I'.oue'.cr i ventually ovci'conw.' and aIthout;h a few tloeks,
.'illnr i';iii';.l.ly nil !. r!'''.'.! or tin' r.'j'i-lralioii of wImm- aiier>toi's had Ixx'ii no«l('.'t.e,l,
were di-ipni'ifi '.1, tho maj.ritv w(>re found eligible for ng'sirati.iii, niid the .situati.ni
beiiif!' loyally a '.eptt'd. the iriitati.n disi'pppMred.

An ex.iniin; ti..n of tin' record niaintaiiiiMl by tlio French Canadian TIoi-m- Breede:;*'
As-.c'a'.ioii revealp.l the fact tliat altlioU};h the or^'anizMti.m hn.l apparently start, ',1
well aid I'.al liini'i; tl-.'^ tir-t years of its exist<T'V inaiulaiucd a fairly uniform and
strict slan.Iar.l of refristnilion. the same pnuld sear.'ely l>e sai.l with justice of the
years iinnie.ilia'ely precedinR it.s miMpT in the National Reconls. It was evi.leut
that more or le»s oare'esaness ha 1 occurred in thf inspe.'tion of horses and th. ir ac-
cei>tance for retristration. the result beun,- thut man,\ of th.- animals entered in the
Stud Book were anythmir but eliKibU' ether from th ■ view point .f pemaloi/y ..r from
that of cfnifonnntion. Thrse fict.s havii p i eon l.r-U}.'ht f.the attontion of tlw .Miiii-ter,
steps were in;m','diately Uiken nn.ler hi.s autli.jrity with a view of brinpinp about a
D.oro gatisf.ctorv stateof afTaiis. The iieivssity for a ehaiitre in the existiiip standard
and n p<neral stifTeninfr up of the Stud Book were firK bpuipht to die attenliou of the
Af^'ociafion by m an= of eorr.'si>ondenee and «ulwe(iuciitlv at the annual niei-tinp of the
Association held at Montreal in Tebruary, 1907, whore the Minister discussed the whole

M

vni:i{i\AHY luitKiTOR nr.SKHAi

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9'EDWARD VII.. A. 1909

,!,il I'. .--iiiMi-li II ii<-^^ ri>c,,iil.
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qu('»'ti''ri wiih lilt' "till' r-. iiinl nicinlx rs. It Wiis ili- ii i|i

huvir.j,- u \\\i-\ ami il iiniii- :»t.iiii!:iril of ii'iiil'ti

BCCI.ril ll !> nlll'h ll'lilhllln lis Wcri' fiUUllI "li'-lilni- mv . n.-i ".T •• I

mi«^iiiii .■..iii|i,-. il .if fiiur (fi'iitlinwn fiuiiilinr willi tln' l.r.'.'d, twu nf wl.nni w. r.' t.i
r.>|>ri»«Mil tl... AsKiK-iiiliiii mill tw.i ill- D.i.Hrlin.iil i.f AKri'i'lliT'- 'I'l"**- ^'V"' «• i'<"'K
111.. A*.. -1; til. 11 \s'-n- l>r. ('.iiitiirc i.f (^u Imm', ami M, Ar-.-iw llnni-i nf St. Ni 'urt.
wliil.' th.- MiniM/T miiiini on l«.|mlf .if lli.- l>.Tiirtiii.iit. Mr Uiilnrt N'.-,, of H.nvi.k.
mill Mr. l/.iiU T-nvnlkv. ,if St. (itiilliiMiii-' ,rr|.t..ii Dr. .1 11. ViLMi.-mi nf Tlir.'.'
Nil' I.f till' .'fiii'inl in^x'tiT* of tlip I), imrtiii. nl wms iIi Ifniilnl tn cxainiiH! tlir
f.T liiT.-'litiUV iili-i.iliiilri-<i mill lll-i> to n.'t in t?<'li.T:il - it. t:ir,V to tlic Colil-

Uivi rx.

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mi'-ioii.

ST.VMiMlli (IK IIKMMIIM I. IS.

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tan

I iiurn-isl ii|i..ii i- ax iii-arl.v a- |».--il.l.> tliiit of tin- ol.l Fr<-iwli Ciuia-
<IIhu Inns.' whi.li I luiw iilria.l.v rnii;,'lily .l.-^-.Til"-.!. Stalin ii-< tiiii-: in't .'Xiiv-.l in Iwitflit
l,'i..i mill iiiiiri .-. l.'i J. 'llir wcik'lit pn f.rrc.l m for hIuIUoiih lnuv.i ii cli'von luiii.lrcil
mi I tliirU- tl liiiiiilr.'-l uiul fifty i«iiiii.l.s lor iiiuns from t.ni tiuiiili>.| mvl lifty l<i tw.-l\i-
IhiiiiIumI ami fifty iiniiinl-.

I'll III ihitr -.'.."rJ^ lior-i^ Imv.' Ufw iinvsciiti'il to tli<> ( 'iiinnii-v.,iiiii for iii-i|«'.-tioii,
of whii'h 470 liniV U>cn rctri-tort^l in tli« oM liook. Of tlutio. ninf liun<lri«l nml nixty-
ninc. (i:U ii.alct ami >.•'(.'. fciunli's) of wliirh I'li- liuiiilnKi ami tw.-nty-fivo had b.^m
IinviiiiHly ri'tri-trri'il, wit.' iicii'iitoil for ''iiiry in tin- iiiw rcronl. It will tliiia Ik'
Jill 11 that "1,". aiiiiiiaU wliicli liail li.<-ii in tin- olil .stu.l Ixxik were ri'fii-<-.l entry to til.'
new.

Till' nii(!i'r^(ai..|iii(; r. aclud at ihr annual Tiio<'tinj,' in 1!M)7 wa- tliat n'ni>-tnaion,
cxi-pt f-r h.TS.'s the proirony of iinri'Ki^'''ri'il ^i''.'.-' ur iiiircKi-ti n il ilniiis not hiilli-
rirntlv nuitiir.il to allow lln" ('iimnus.sio!i to fomi a corroi't oi.ini in a< to tho licipht,
w.'iiilit or lonf. rniatioii, was to I'di-^.' on l).'i'.iiili<'r ."1st, liM)-*, but allhivii-'li .-v.'ry .ifort
wa., mail ' to .' v. r III.' Kroiiinl li.-foiv that ilat^i tlii-re still r'tnaiii a f.'W Imrs » to h.'

<'.\amiiioil in I! iv.ntnr*', (!a.-*i'«', ami Isle aux (Vunlr.-s, iw also a nunilx'r in tho

pri.vim.-! of Ontario nnil four or tiv.- in Mniiilolm and AllnTta. 'I'how animals in
also tho yoiintistirs alriMily r.f.rrcl to, will Ih' iminctcd during \\w current y.ar.
aft.r which the ^-tud Imok will U" di finitely tdosi<l unless it. is de.'i.htl to admit a few
s(>l.'cti'.l -liiHi 111'- of otli.r liilht hrii'il, with a vi<-w t<i iniproviiifr ami ti.xint,' the tyix'.
This -t. ;. h.iwever i- en.' which will mily U' tak.'ii. if at all. with the full apiiroval and
cons nt of the nienihrrs of the Assuciation.

.Meanwhile, as a further omoiirafjcnuut ti ihe hreed, the Mini^^r, thrDUnh the
Live Slock liraiich of his Deparlinciit, ha, authorizi.l th' i tTerlii}; i.f pri/cM for stallions
and inar.s . ■ni->teii'il in th< n.'W reeird. ami a-s a r.'.^iilt of thus ii.li' n there apjvanil
last year at St. •lohns. 1^11. I . c. over one liundreil :;ml twenly hi^rh class r. pi. .-entativcv
nf the hri I'll. 'I'll" .'xhiliiliiin on thi< occasion was most strikin)? and one wlii.'h evoked
niui'li .iifhmi. 1^111 anionf,'' tlip spc.'tal.ira.

plfl , lli\ 1.IKKI.\ l.S IIKSI SI II \|li,\ (II- Ol.p niF.NCll I.WMIl.KN lloli:-!-:.

It may In- .said that owiiif; t'l th.' hick of line lireediuff and the diviTwity of tyi>e
in the fiiuniialion stock now availahle for roKi^-li'ati u, ciin.-iderable difficulty is likely
to 1.-' exi' -lii nicd in ri-^n~eitnlin^' the

Old Kiel ell Can/lian h.or,.^'. This is to somo
extent true and it must lie admitted that the ta-k of brintnufr hack the hrccd in it.s
oriKii.al purity and with all it- oriRinal characteristics, is per!'ai>s somewhat heyond
tK compass of the pre^-nl iirii;ai:i/...tiiin. On tJv other haiul th • history of tho d vel-
• pine:;; • f ';'."-l • 1' < .'.i ::a ili I'm In-eils of liors*'-. in well ii-< of ollii ,- aiiiliial.s, indicat^'S
clearlv that it is possihh' hy int<:lliirent selection and careful matiiiir to r.stahlish in a
cmjiarativcly fow Kcud'ations a lixi d tyin-, capable its a rule of perpctuatin<: it-elf,
altliVigh of course, subject from time to time to atavistic variations.

;///. itnr.iii ' ini/'/i\ imttsi: m

APPENDIX No 2

Till iv i- lliiH, Iw r Inf.irr. ,M rv Mr.Min.l for the hopo tluit lli.- Kn:!. 1. CiiiKi.lliin
Jiors.' ulii.l, w.' ar.- ii vv trjiiiit t.> istilsii h, will !«% if not ftl«.!iii.'!.y i.t. nii.:.l wiih
111- i:irl,v |,p.»:tMiit.irH, nt l.a-l in K">»\ mul [»»• il>l,v, ii!tliiiu|-'!i .ur fri. i\'!h fiMiii l^i"l'"'i'
riiiiy liav.' ditliciilty in boli' ving it, vcrj" niiirh liottiT.

Ilii Mr. Ourn:

Q. VVa» liuro tint at i.in' tim.' a li.irsc cnll"! Ilio St. I.awrcn.'o hnnm in tlu! pr '
jni-o iif ('icImi'
A. V.-.
Q. It wa-i iiiatnl Willi till- !•>( Mill ('aiuHliiiti'

A. Vim

IJ. Arc thnso hur.'MM r.xllin't iinw?

A. Yr.s. I fancy HO 'I'licri' arc a (,'rpat miiiiy of tliiin in itu' Mnrnan book you
know

li'i .Ur. riirri'.' ('.V.ti'/i Simroe):

Q Is llii re nut n fiiniily known ns thi- St. Ililainl

A. V(s.

Q. Hliick and a lilllc h<':ivicr than the French ('ana<iian horse?

A. 'I'liosj' MP' pnvtii'ally t-xiiiicl.

I

\ Al.l K c)K flliAc I! CANMMW lllPllSi: |\ n:(»SIM! WITH OTIIK.Il niltlKDS.

Ily Mr. Millrr:

iy I umild like to iisU Koiiie <|iieHtiotn n^ to the vnliio of the French CaiKidiaii
linr-e in eroviiiiK witli other hn'.'ite. Fir-t. what would you think of th<> value of a
French Canailinii riare to he hred tr, a standard hnd sire. Second, what woulil l.p
the aiUi-ahility and what would 1k' tlw n->ult of hrei.liiif; from a Frciu-h Canaliau
male pure hred firo, and the third idaee. hreediii;; from nn Arah sire?

A. The French I'anadian niiiie and the Fr.-neh Ciuuidiaii ho-x^ hwv.. alnady

demonstrated, with rof-jrenco to the Anieric.n standard hred trott<T, the exeelle f

their Mualitied. Some of the host and iiK^t fa-hioiiahle strains of the Anieri.an
standard hred trotter trace directly hack to the Fren.'h Cnnailian horse. Tiie same
is also true of ihe Morfian. and I think that while jHi-hai.s the theory of extrenie sped
on wlii<'h the hreedint; of the American standard hred has heen perhaps to., much haseil
minht not he strenj.'lhened hy the intr"duclion of French Canadian hlood, the endur-
nnee, the courage, the syninietiy and tlie souiidnus-s, as reffards the Icrs and feet ef tlio
tnitter would U- Ki'i'atly ii.eteaM'd. With referenw to the use of the thoroii^diKri'd
>or?e 1 ean seareely s]v ak witlujut prejudice. I m.\-self am a very stmnfi and devout
■jeliever in the advantage ..f thorou^jld.nvl hlood judiciously infusi'd into all <inr
hveeds of linht UrK*"'' herstv. 1 look upon a thoroiiphhied. as in fact T hinted in the
pajKT I have jnfit nwi, as haviiifr the Ix-st of all the p.od cpi.Tlities of all l''e lipht I, v^'.il
horpe.s that we know anylhin.!,' a)K>i!t at the pres at time, and, therefero, I would think
ii jr:di"io;:- niixt;in' of thor.iei;lihn'd hie.-,! w. uM U' Ix^tieiieial t'> the Freiudi Caiiailian.
Of ecuiiNe, the thorouprhhred as a raeo hnise would not he l)onofite<l hv the introiluetion
of F'reiich Canadian hlo.id'hnt on the other hand the opiKisite would !»■ true.

Q What Would yo\i !«■ likely to pi't with that cros.s, p'od saddle horses and hacks;

.\. Y. <. 1 think so. d'he th'T' uirhhrtxi horse. provid''<l he is friMul, hnil on proper
lines and capahle of transmit' in;; his eharncteristiea, will jret a fr"f><l horse from almost
anv kiiicl of livrht U%':,">'d n:a'r. 'I'h ■ Arah T don't know cpiite s.,i niiich ahoul. The
Aril) is a VvTV synuiietrieal little horse and improves the confornialion of almost any
lir( ed with ^vhiell he is crossed; hut he is de.tieient in .'i/e ai.d he is not at the present
^ay_altho:igh he is the progt^iilor of the Etifjlish race hor.se.— nearly as fast, has not

6S

YETEUISAIIY DIRECTOR OENERAL

9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909

aa much endurance and has not nearly as many good qualities, as his dcswndiint, the
llii>i>Mii,'hl)rcd. S<) I mnild be rather chary of recxdnnicndiiiK the iiitr«idu<'tion of Arab
blood to any of our light leggod breeds although I know it is advocated by a great
many people.

OlillX r IS I.lMITl G WEIUllT UK KRE.NCH CA.N.^DIAN UOHSKS FOIl RHOISTIUTION.

■■■?»t I

III

n,i ."Jr. Wi-ii/ht:

Q, Why do you limit the tegi.strati'm of French Canadian horsos to a certain
weight?

.\. 'I'lie custom is 1'..Ii'(i\v.<i i.dt "i.ly in rtraid to Fn'nfli (':i.iia(lian liorpts. but to
other bro<-d.s as well. The lI;i(Uney hors- in Knjilmd i> liniitel in the !-:uue way and it
is about tlie sanio ;-i/e. It is to di>c. iirajre the nUi.ost uuiv. r al teiid; nef,- on 'hi> part
of bnt-ilers to inen a-e the sizo of hoi.-e-'. YfU ke p on iuere.sin},' tiie size luitil you
get a horse which is alto-vlher dilTcMent from what you s;a:teil out to pt. Then you
Ii«e your unil'ormitv nf type a:e! you f;et away fr. in the orii^inal lireed entirely. That
is the ca.se with tin? Ilarkney A largo nuniber of llaekiuy bleeders have been brerd-
ing too big. Tluii- siandard is I."..'! tor stallions and when tiiey get a horse over IG
hands, 10.1 ami si.inelimes up to 10.2, it is not a llaekney at all but a great big coach
horsi^ entirely ditl<rcnt from what the brecsl originally was supiK>vd to be. 1 ''ave
an illustration heie wiiieh will slinw the nece^sily of doing what tbo Depa. .mcnt
and the A>^sociation h.ive been doing in tjuebec in tlio way of .stilTcoing up the Stud
IJ'.ok anil l.'.ikii.;- ; ii; r 'Mir n-gislration and tbi.s also iuis (^..nie iM-jiring on the si.'O.
r hnppenr«l to be up the Catiiuuiu one Sniwlay afternoon a couple of years ago and 1
found this (holding a poster up to view.) Having bwn brought np in Sci'tlae ' I did
not take it away without leave but I asked the owner of the building on which . was
ii(i~t<Hl i'.T it. \l'' g,iv<- it to me au<l I brought it bouio with even m<ire pride than he
displayed in making mo a prosfMit of it. The jxHligrtX! of the horse described in this
poster ii Very instrnctivo

"FliKXCII rAXADlAN' STAl.I.lOX KINC. dOllN.

K'.NC JnllV.

'Is dapple grey in color with heavy mono 4 feet b.ng and good tall. Stands- fifteen
and a halt' liuids high, wei'jlw about til't(><-n hundre(l pounds, good action. His isire
was bre-l by Jclin Montgomery ('amp.-townciid', Twyuholni, Kircudbright. Scotland.
Siro Tinvaid (1.544) vol. :5. D.iin Lively H (l.SOO) vol. 5 sire of Dam Moiikland Far-
mer (54:!) vol. I; grand dam Ivovely of Banks (2liG) vol. II; sire of grand dam,
Lockfergns. (hampiin (44!)) vol. I; dreat (irand Dam, Solly by Lothian Tarn SOt!."

I don't think wo c iild g. t a better illustration than ibis bill affords of the need
of doing something to try .iiul pnsciio tlie purity of our French Canadian horsos.

UT1I.1T\ 01' TLlK KRF.NXII CANADIAN IIORSK.

B'j Mr. Citrric (Xortii Sim roe):

Q. Wluit tvio of utility do you e(ui^idi r the French Canadian horse would fill,
■what would Ix; the particular utility of this typo of horse apart altogether from the
consideration of breeding to a type?

.\. That is a vcrv iiu]x>rt.ant (|uc-tion and one wlilcb is jHTliaps a little diHicult
to an.swer. I think that he would riake an exc<dlont roadsU^r. IIo was always a strong,
thick, stout horae and he woiibl, tlairefon', in my opinivxn be a very good h(jr»e for
general purjwee u.se on small farms.

THE yUEXCU CASAIHAN llORHB

91

APPENDIX No. 2

By Mr. Staples:

Q. Wli.v limit it to fmall fiinus, Di ctor?

A. Ik'iiuise on the Uirjjrr farms tlioy K<"('i'ull\ pri fir n liirffr Imr-o, ono with
iiiHi'o woifilit, as there is hciivirr and nun\- wcirk In l: ilnuc. 'I'hr FrcKi li CuMMcliari
horso would liavo in my opiniun mure eiuiuiaiu; ■, mi'rc t<aij:hiK-s thiiii the Hackiiey
in rs'. The Iliii'kney hur-ie while ii very ^llllWy and very liaiul>iime animal with preat
e.int'ermation a~ hred at thi' piisent day, in too many in-taiiee, is detirient in stayiii'-j
piwer. Tile eld French (,'aiia(lin:i Btraiii if prepL-rly adju-tiil and as.-imilate 1 wiili
the liloiid of (itlior brieds woidd fjivu tliat staying [i.jwer vvhi(di tlie llaelin<'y horse t'j
tnnio extent lacks. We woidd also have a belter eonformiLlinn than pievails anuiii{.'.-t
the Ameriean standard hreds and we would have a iiiiieh ha!id>i nar hoise. Very
fortunately now tli^y are lH<;iniiii!)^ to pay a little att<'ntion to the 1 reeding hut ii]) to

the i>resenl time tlr

ve dv'VoJed their attiiition almost eiitiiely to the prinluetion of

-jieeil

Mt. ClHUiK. — Too imieh.

Ur. Ki rmcm'oiiD.—Confornjation, soundness and sul'-lance have Ixmii Inst .siirlit of.
All these thing's should he ean fr.'ly looked for in tlu.< lired whieh wr arr t^.\in^' to
ruinslatc in tho proviiue of Qm b o. Thi' (iii^stion yuu a-kiil is p;rlia;ks th<' nio^t
inijioitant one that con'.d be subniitiol h.Te tn-h y. viz.. whit ai't<j.- all i- the (ibjivt in
tryii.ji 10 briiib' back this breed or improve upnn it?

By Hun. Mr. Douijh.is:

Q. Would it not be a tir.st elas horse for th ■ d: Hv. ry of t?Onds in city s-tie. !s;
A. That is a rather plebeian eeeei a'inn wiiirli i~ ntnierally (iilrd by th'.^ ii.firinr
siiwimens. 1 was siK'akiiig oitly of the best sj., einuiid bred.

By Mr. Curric {Norlh /^imcoc)

Q. 'What would yoii say as to tlie employment of tho Friiieh Caiia<liaii horse for
inihtary | iirposes. for instanee i.iT artillery {

A. He Would be too light a horse almost for artillery pur|'"-is. Ho mijiht do very
well for what they call h'<rs(^ artillery but for th.' ordinary field guns Im wuull be a
little on the light side. However, thtsc horseJ? make very tiseful remounts f. r ea\alry
purposes, t«|)<>cially with a little admixture of thori)Uf;hbred. There is ii i roLi^-nn
why this horse slmuld not bo bred and extensively useil for cavalry iiur|>.ise.-. Thi y
Would also make good mounte<i infantry ponies.

By Mr. Wright:

Q. Is the French Canadian horse used very mueh in tho othe
A. W<- have not any liors.' in the other provinces which is ve

. I /• .. l;.„ Tr_ • _ ..1 A_ .. .- l.i - il..

A

other pro
very m
French Canalian. lie is p:-rhips nearer to a cross Letv.e.ai a thoroii;?
Ftandar I br;'d tlian any ether but even those woidd be (d dilTerent blood.
be liigher and perhaps legi;ier, less bloeky aiid not so stout.

vine( ?

ich Ii
hi. red

They

;e thi>
u:;d a
Would

By Mr. Mr! 'in:

Q. Could you giv.' us the p'
A. I have just glveii it to you

rer o tho Freiieh (^ana lian h .rsc?

By Mr. Tlivrnlori:

Q. Is the Fn iich t'anadian liors^ a pood feedr?

A. Ve-. a very froi'd feeder, very hearty. In fact history records thit in the early
da;,-s tl'.e Freiieh Canadians bred so n:any horses that they ate up all the provender in
tlie rrovince and there v.^id nothing left for the cattle and sheep.

'^^-' '.■

>fs -Z

I 'I ■ ,

TT^v-

-:<'.■.:

VETEKISARY DIRECTOR GENERAL

9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909

Q. IL" would not take so much feed as a heavy liorsci
A. Nil. ipiihiuR like it.

Ihj Mr. Smith {Middlesex)

Q. 'i'hf l-'mich C'aiiiKlinn horse is the test general purpose horse raised in Canada!

A. Y(s, I think so.

Q. He tills that jicisition to a viry much greater extent than any other?

A. Y.s.

By Mr. I'honilon:

Q. On our shandy land he would lio the moat profitable horse for the averag«
fanner?

A. That is for the actual work of the farm.

Q. Yes?

A. Of course, the averap(> farmer nowadays is figuring on selling a colt now and
then and many of them for that reason prefer to hrct'd to heavier hi>rs«\s.

Q. Yes, but for the farm work its«'lf<

A. For the work itself 1 think he i.s admirably adapted esiK.ially on such soil as
you mentioned.

si>i:ki) di' TiiK ii;i:n(II iwadian iioissi;.

11 !/ .Mr. Milirr:

iy Is th ■ Freneh Canadian horse speedy enoufrh as an ordinary driver?

A. Yes, he is a horse that will go along very nicely. A,s a rule ho has not got
extreme speeii and even when he has a good deal of Sf)oed he does not care to keep it
up for any great distance; he prefers a reasonable gait. lie will go on all day but
does not care to keep up extreme siK-ed. 1 think perhaps that is owing to the fact
that hi.s action, as I said in my a'dress. is rather forod. lie is often a high stepp'r
b\it ratlier forces hi.~ ar;ii !!.

Hon. Mr. Fl.sHKU.--J would like to say that I have fre<piently known the Frencii
Canadian horse to g.i t'roni 12 to 11 miles an hour for 2 or 3 hours in a day without
any trouble.

liy Mr. Cuni'' (S'rih Simroc):

Q. Tlv re.T.-o:i I asked you about the utility of the French Canadian horse for
inililary inirpises wa.- that I saw on one occasion several teams of French Canadian
h>'rsv> that the Royal Canadian Artillery had. They were heavier horses than those
outlined in your ad<lr ss. 1 never >-aiv such magnificnt teams in my life. I under-
stand ihes ' horses went all through the South African war and came back home safe
and sound ;

A. Yes,

(J. I ilon't know whetli'T you have heard or know anything about that. The
hors' s I sjMMk of weighed i" s-ildy from 1.4.'i(> to l,,50(l jMiunds. they were a little heavier
than the type you mentione.l. 'j'hise horses r.re very handy.

A. Probably they hail a eros- of French Canadian blood.

Q. The horses 1 speak id' were black with a curly niant; and tail?

A. Thev would bo a cross with French Canadian blood. A great many of the
horses that we know now in Canada as French Canadians are really a cmss between
either the Clydesdale or the Pereheron and the old French Canadian blood.

Mr. Owr.N.- .Judging from the deseriiitlon given by tho Hon. .Minister of Agri-
culture the I'- "h Can.-idian horse must imssess quite a bit of speed. I nm a gri-at
lover of h ; ;• : 1 when 1 get a hold of a horse ih-M van travel 14 miles an hour I

■'f!^s^ vm^r^^n

THE FRi:XCll CAyADlAN HOKSH W

APPENDIX No. 2

consider liiiii u i rackiTJacU us a ruadstiT. Jluwi'vor, uuch horses are very few ami far
between.

By Mr. Hunt:

Q. Ifow are tli<\s<> l)oisrs rr(;i-'t''i"c<i? Arc tliey put as liein^ of a eertaiu breed?

A. A ffood deal of attention is paid to the hreediiif,'. to th;^ (?encalo(fy. and t'i«
owners who present thoni for registration are (piestioncd very closely as to their
breedinff. Bui it is quite imp issihle to deiHU 1 entirely iii>on the spoken statements
of these men. an<l it leini; inipossil)lo tti trace back the hreediiiR. or verify it in any
way, as a matter of fact thi'y are largely accepted on their conformation alone.

By Mr. Si-xumilh:

Q. Aro there any of thes(> thorou^hhred stallions in the province of Ontario nowl
A. You mean the pure bred French (.'amidian .stallions^ There aro a few hut
they havi' not been re-insiiected yet. We intend to have another inspection ne.Kt
month and no doubt a lar^je proportion of them will bo thrown out of the new stud
book. I would not like to make any promise as to any of these horses now in tho
province of Ontario licing accepted by tho members of the Commission.

By Mr. ]Vn^l,l:

Q. Is ther(^ any such system in re;.Mpd t i the other breefls? Generally in the
rejristiatinn of live stock there are the pur.- bre.l siro and tlve pure bred dam t >
(lunlify for registration in the Ami l.o..k witiiout any inspection?

Hon. Mr. Fisiikr. — I think every ulln r honk is closed for foundation stock. I
do not think there is any other IkhO; except the Frencli Canadian hook which is still
open for what in calbd foundation stock. Where the book.s are closed for founda-
tion stock it is oidy the iiregen.y of the re>:ist' red animals that can be registered.

Mr. WiticJiiT. — But ean all the progeny be registered, no matter what they may

be?

COVERNM ENT LNSPECTIOV.

Hon. Mr. Fisin'.n. — Oh, yea, there is no system of inspection by ttie government;
that would 1h> :i luatter for the association to discuss. This is a ease where the old
Fronch Canadian l»H)k maintained in tlu^ province of Quebec was examineil and
before we could, on tho part of the Department of Agriciilture, put our stamp on
the animals registered, or rather on the cerliiieates which we now do in the case of
the national records of Canada, we felt that we ouglit to go over the animals and
reconsider them and for that purpose this system of inspection was established.
In making that i;i.s]K'<'tion there were a 'arH:e nimiber nf animals which the owners
had not roistered in the old .<tud-book, but which they still ehiimol were French
Canadian horses of the best >lamp. We, therefore, aclverti^e(l that any body that
would bring u i li^rsis ftir examination by tip's commission would hi- entitled to that
examination, and, if they passt'd, to re^jistrati.'.i. That w;i.s to he dune for a cin'tain
limited period and when that period is pa-sseil the books will be closed and no new
blooi' will be pemiitt.d entry. The suggestion has been made that the breed would be
benefited, and j>erhai>s niiidi' lnttir in every ri^iMM-t, if a sy.-itein of allowing the in-
fusion of some out-cros-e, of selected stallions might be ix-rmitled. That is a sub-
ject which Ls now under con-^ideratiini by the French (ana Han Horse Breeders'
Association atid the officer.s of my department. It has its advantages but it also has
its dangers; we have not yet come to a conclusion in the matter,

Mr. CiHiilK (North .Simcoe).— I'he Standard Bred I>'>ok- allow an infusion of
the thoroughbred.

^mmm

^^.-l

70

VKTEHISARY DlRKVTOli (JKSKRAL

9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909

Unii. Mr. FisiiKR.— Will the Strtii.lnrd Hrcd Books as I uii.U'rstand them aro a
litll<' liitTcreiit from any nllior horse hooks.

Mr. Climii; (North Siin.in-).— I'oes not the Hiickiiey jx-i lit of the tlionjiish-
hred >lr;iin(

Hon. Mr. iMMiii!.— 1 nni not cert;iin. hut in the Standard Hred a rceord of per-
forniJin.u-s iin.l ivrl'i riiK\iu-e- ..f pn t;.-ii,v will .■nfitl,' ;m :Miiiiuil to Iw re,.;i>tiT d. it
doe^ not nialt.r \\\u\t its hr, edinj,' i.s. I d..i,'t tldnk there is any other hrced that
idlows (JMl kind or tliinj; :iud tor that na^.n th^ Standard iired •'• .ok is a lilUe
differ. !il fr.ni any oiIut rtristir. Sninr uth>r ni;i-tcrs, I tliink tlu! h, •■-.wya, allow—

J)i-. lii Tiii;i:icii!ii. \ot now.

lloo. Mr. riMiiii. Ni't now? They uxd to allow a certain infusion of thor-
oughbred.

Dr. Ki Tiii;i;ioiii). - In the ea-e of ^'ork^l.iK' ei ar!i h.a-M..^.

Hon. Mr. lMsin;ii.- -Some of tin' eua.liini,' Ir.-^, d> 1 think have allowed tho fame.
If i-iuli a iHrn;i-;.m i^ giv. n in rif;ar<l to th ■ Fr n^ h Canadian h.rs.s we will luue
lo ,■. n-id<'r lanlully ill.' eondllion-, and the hrteds whieh wo\ild he ijerniitted to ho
infii.sid, wiiii iIm- ^rtatr-t .-.i.e. I may say in re-ard to tin- i'leii.U Caoad^ian Ii.t.s-
,l,.il 1 l,;;v,. ,\rrsi!.,' I \i:i- .-, l'o> I., 11 .■..iiiii'eicd v.irh lu.r-'<. Tlio tir^t
anin :d 1 ua- .\er put on in ni> lit".' wa. a I"i-eneli Cana.lian pony whi.h my father
had and di-\. lor n:any y. ars. Tliat pony oi.nld fro his 12 to U niilis an hour at any
time. >K '..iiiicr va- a ,l.et' r and u->'d to drive from morning until iiijiht and many
a lini.- I liavo dri'.tn him 1- iniliv an hour.

Mr. \Vi:!i.;ii ( NI.>k..ka"). — NVliat wire his sire and dam?

Hon. .Mr. l'i-iir'.;.--l eauiut toll y -u what his siro and dam w; re. In the pro-
viuio of (^)u<l.. .■ ili.'v had then an imnun-e quantity of wiiat they ealleil pure French
Canadian .-tor!;, and tliis p my had ail the clKira.'teristioo of the brei'd. He was an
aliu.-t e\art iuuiLro r( the horsi' whieh Hr. Unlherford de.-<'rihed. He wa3 a deep,
darl; m.J.io-auy Irown with a niaue and tail that swept the ground almost.

Mr. \Viu..iir (.Muskoka").- How mueli ilid he weigh?

Hen. Mr. Fi>iii:i!.— He was from 14 to 1.". hands in height ami would weiirh pro-
ImMv a! out O'lO pMuihls. 'rhrre u-e.I to Iv hnndroU of su.h horses aromid Al,,nt:-eal
drive:i hy tli'' 1 i^'it i: t.s in Mi. ir char.tte-. drawir.g hiavy u-ads and doin;,' the general
work of the rarni. 'I'll re wa- u!'.< \1;' r ela-- th it 1 r.;r:e:;;lvr \erv w. II t .... a mneii
larger typ. ih .t we u-.d '.. ea:l St. LawreiM-. Tla y w n- gem rally Ida-'k. hie-, pr 'id
horses, iiolding ili.ii- he;>.'- li^^h. with treiia U'l.us foreUeks, manes and tails, very broad
ehists. of e..i!rs,-. «•;■,. r.g .luima's. The-- a::iui,ds yi u n.ner ikx> taday aroui'.d tlie
island of M.^i.trea', : th. y a.r.^ praetieally de-troy. d.

Mr. Ci i;i;n i\. rth Siiuo'e").— I- there i- ..v-v ;.. ,-?;■ ility ..f riviviug the Lr.ed?

lien. Mr. FisiiKR.- d'hat is the kind ..f wo;k we are trying t.> do.

Mr. lleo. INS. Where have you disi'overed the t>pe of the true Fnneh Canadian
horse ?

Hon. Mr. I'l.-m K." 'I'lie ...lies w.' h.ive exa'ain .1 am! ri^i; i - te ri>. 1 s<-> t;ir have Inn
ehietly en the iMTih ^l■,■.re ef the St. l.awrm.v aiul arvHin! St. llyaeif.the an.i St. Johi.s
and there ar^ ip;ite a f. w d.wn It '• w (JieU-e on btli =;.!. s , t' ;!ie riv. r, but ttio typ..
has been pva.-tieaily ,!e-tr. ye,l by the ii.fu-i.ti of other lie .1 in an uns.jientitic and
reekh'ss an.l irregular way.

Mr. Ci itiiii; (..North Simeoe). — Have you any hope of reviving the St. Lawrence
type?

■^iKTW^W:. -i--^"

r^'^-rr.-y^.'^- ^

iiiii'H '■

TUB FItKSVH CASADIAS HORSE

71

APPENDIX No. 2

Hon. Mr. Fisiii.ii. — The prcKont stallioia as hocn at the horse shows arc lorKir
than thi' old t,vp<! that I was first (k'^cribiiiK. tlie French Canadian pony. The St.
Liiwrcinc- horai* used to wciph a^ hirh as 1,3(jO pounds, 1,200 I thinlv was th( ir avor-
n^'o, Tho prci-cnt «t-idli<.ns tliat we bco at oxhibition-j run I think about 1,200 an<l
tonic us hiKh as l.MOO.

Dr. Kuril KiiKoiiu.—l,.'i5it.

E.XIIllimoN AT ST. J(JllNS, I'.Q.

Hon. A[r. Fi.silKK.— 1 don't know \vh' tlicr you gintlmipn h.nvo visited any recent
liomo sliows in tin- proviixe of (iiicU-e. The hwt exhiliit at St. .loiina wa-s a nuujni-
flcent one. There were over 100 In is s and tlicy wero really viry tine aninnds. Ihr
H-entleniiin wlio went down from Buwiiiaiiviile to judKe' thini has lie^n himiiliiiu'
Fri'tieh f'ana.iian horses for many year^, Mr. Pollard, who is perhaiw known to some
of you as a hor.senian. lie wius i»-rtVetly astonished niid deliirliled with the exhibit,
and he ^aid that it w::s a very dittieult ta.<k indeed to award the prv. s. tliei-i' were so
many thoroughly goo<l h</rses.

Jfr. Smith (N'orth Middlesex"!.— I wi'l cjidy detain you a monient, hut I would
like to give H litth.' testimony to the KO(jd qualities of the Kreiieh Canadian bree<l of
hoi-i^es and as to the advisability of ri-e-iiiblishin:.' that I'reiMl if it be imssible. Tliert
are qiiit<' a number of these hors< s that I have had tlie jileasure of handlint,' personally,
and T know of ih" rood qualities that they possess. I have in mind om- partieuhu
t<ain V, hirh was typical of the lar^i' number that I was conversant with. This team
\\(i'j!hd l.l'.'.l) jiounds eaeh u-s nearly as iio>^ible. Tbi y were very v.cU matched. They
ui ri' bb.ek and of the s:ime type as that shown in the illustration which was handed
rriiund. exeejit fHU'liaps tli. y were a little ehunki'-r. I'nlike the characteristics that
Dr. lIutherf(U-d has spc !;. n of, viz.. th<-ir dcsirt; l> t'o a little .slower than re(piired,
I'll y, would tr;ivel up to the 10 miles an hour without any urf,'in(,' wbai'ver and if
ri:;il w.uld make lu> i:;i!e.- an hour a':d continue it for a e.ui|il(> of hours or more,
I have wen them do ir. On a 10 mile pait they would continue for three or four
hours without any trouble whatever. Lesidi s that they would walk with n rooil
onlinary vized load at about 4 luiles an hour. T think that is one of the best quallti.s
you euuM have in a farm horse, an 1 the Freiieb Canadian is an ideal farmers' horse.
Ue-ide.- that T have situ the -anie tiam matched a,--aiust uthcr heavi<'r horses, hnr.-es
that wi uld wei;:h probr.bly l.DnO or l,T'i0 lb. The Freneli Caiuadiau hi r-e- woulil
draw .a heavier load than l;oavi.r ^.or^e.s. not lM^eau>'' tb.y had the weight, but simply
in the starting' tbi' bea.vier animals would f-'et down to it and by -h.-.v fnre
able to move while the smaller team by quicker a lion would sta::. ()m\'
greatest trouble w:s overcome. That is one of the cbara.ctivisties T hav(
these French Caiuidian horse- and I fancy that wo b^
o>- mixture of brreds. of liors. s that wotdd cmoe n\

wiuild be
arted the
fo\nid iu
e nu vit developed an.v breed.
u tliC French Canadian a.= a
iieneral purpos;'s horse. It is porbaps the most valuabi- tior.so that the farue'r could
bare either in (Juebec, Ontario or the West. Doub.less a heavier horse is more
jTofitable to raise because you can fill it at a larger proc

The Cil.MUM.W. — I can add a wonl of ap!).-eeiaticui on the -airu- Hues that Mr.
Smith has referreil to. When quite a boy our fidks koI po>ses-ion of n French Cana-
dian, or wdiat was said to be a Frenen Canadian. \:<n\. ueiuhiiif; one tliousand an^;
a half pounds. It was quite black ami a lieautiful tyiie of horse, well .puaMered, pood
clean leps. and could do on the roa.i a mile in four minutis. This ytony '.,:dd pn at
the rate of 12 miles an houi for one, two. three or four hours; in fact p.iiy nearly
for tho wh(do day, and I have driven him ;iO or 40 miles and he would conn home
just as bright as wluiu he left. We had this pony from the time that he was 4 years

'^ ,■»*■■

72

VETEKIXAHY IIIIIKCTOR (IHNKKAL

9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909

old until lie died. Ilr hms admired wiiirevrr ho went. Whether it wivh in tho city or
the country jh'oi)1o would adiuirc him nud siiy. 'That i« n pretty imrse. whore ilid yn«
pet il?' lie was raixd by a farmer in the neiK'hhourhood, 1 don't know where the
111 'hir wan Motaiii' d. hut h(> was just typical of what I understand the French Cana-
dian horves to be; one of the handsomest and most useful horses that wo ever had
up.'U our farm, a beautiful animal and useful in every way. I think ho must have
U"pn an ileal Frrueh Ciuiadiau horse.

rKI.K(iONV.

.XT

Pi/ Mr. Oirrn:

;^^ !

Q. I wish to :i:-k Dr. Kutherford to explain this fact. I was told it by a Presby-
-enan miiiistiT. lie oujied a mare of the lifrht harness type. lie bred her to a regis-
tered pacing stallion. She lost a colt aliiuit -2 months before her time. A few months

;iflir that he brei her I le of tin- be.^t pure bred Hackneys, and tlie result was a

ineing colt of tlie light harness tyix". Can you explain that<

A. I wo\ild ask you before endeavouring to answer lli<! ipiestion whether the ser-
vice by the pacing stallion was the tirst service Unit the mare had ever had?

(.). Ves. 1 think it wits.

A. That is what is known as tclegony and it is one of the mo.st disputatious
subjects anioii;c bf'-'ders at the present day. It is claimed by many breeders and
inaiiy men of exp: ii< nee. and I mysjlf am a strong b«'liever in th<> theory, that an
auinud bled '"..r the tirst tiini' is liable ever afterwards to show in her progeny some
of th<' cluiract'ristics of the first male; with which she has ha<I connection. Prof. Co.ssar
Kwart, who is a liDther of the Chief Architect of the Public Works Department here,
has gou(> most exhaustively into the s\d)ject and hag demonstrated to his own entire
satisfaction an 1 to that of those who believe witli him, that no such thing exists. I
ha\o, however, in my own jxTsonal cxix^rionee, whicli has now unfortunately extended
over a great many yinrs, seen so many instancs of it that it will take a great deal
more than proofs wliicli Prof. Kwart bus produced to conniice me that such instances
as that which you descriU- are not (piite in the natural order of things.

'iJr' i

DISCOSirloN OK TIIK KlrlM l[ ( ANMIIAN llORSK.

Hon. Mr. FtsiiKR.- Til, -re is in? thing ni 're 1 w.ul 1 like to say about the Fr. ndi
Canadian 1m:.^i — it has nnt l)i-<!i fmiched on — and that is as to his disposition. The
horse as a rule is the most kindly, gentle and docile hor.se I have ever had the oppir-
liinity of handling, anl he is abo one of the truest to his work; lie never gives iMit.
it does mil matter wlii't he is at, if it is on the road lie travels along forever, an 1 if
ho has a lond b. hind l.in^ 'le will ti'g at it until he moves it. lie never baulks :iid
rliildieu can h:Uidle liiiu with the gix'atest safety. In every way he is docile and
ki-idly.

Ihi Mr. Ciirrif I'.Xorth Simrnp) :

Q. What result would you get by crossing the French Camid.ian mare with a
Clydesilale ieu--<' surli .as you referi-eil to;

A. King .Iiihu. I think, i-^ i)iM-h:i|)s more "f a Perch<Ton than a Clydi'-dale, from
hi.s picture. The horse, himself. King .Tohn. was a -ery han.lson;e horse, a horse of
great symmetry and confornuilion. I think mys -If i!it oi the first cross you woulil
get jirolialily a very useful animal, uff the ClyiUwdale. a very good hor.s<\ but then .you
could not go any further with that l•^ll^-: ynu wnuld siiiiplv haw to stop there.

Q. The n as .n T :^s'; vuu is tlii-: tli ■ farmers of Wi--(erii Ontario, especially
in tlie di^!^il■l I reprc-'iit, will only breed to a thoroughbred or n close well bred

THE fRESCH CANADIAS BORSB

73

APPENDIX No. 2

C"l.v(li-<iluli' cilhcr for work or fur the coaoli, and they 80y these are the only two
tviK's of l,iirsf> that arc of any use if ,voii want to sell them. When you ask tlu'in
to introiliuv aii.v ii( w blood tlioy aro very chary of it unle-is they lliink tlii'y enii
iuii'rove iiloii;; tho.-ic lines. I would like to know whether that type of horse would
as.sist tlu'in iu t!i:tt direction!
A. I do n it think it wouM.

Mr. .Mu.i.Kii. -Soino reference h;is lieen niinle to the exhibitim of French Caiia-
<lian h ors s held hist year. 1 would like to know when and where they p\irpose hold-
ing their exhibicion this yeari

A. The exhibition will be hebl ilnrinic the luonlli of September at St. llyiicinlhe.
It was held in St. Johns la-st year, but this year, aceordiiig to the prose,nt arrange-
ment, it will be held at St. Hyaeinlhe.

Hy Mr. Ciinir (\orth Simrtc):

Q. Are these horse.s exhibited at Toronto?

A. No, 1 do not think so.

Q. Why;

A. There is no class for them.

Q. Tiler' is no class f.ir them?

A. No.

Q. Ciiuld not a class l>e (,'ot for them?

A. Tiuit. of course, would be for the p<^ople of T<vr)nte to say.

Jiij Mr. Ildilijin.^:

Q. About wluit Is the value of th.se I'Veneh Canadian sttllions!

A. Well, there are comparaiively few ^ood ones for sale. 'I'he liif^liest price that
1 have heard of was $1..''.0(I.

'(J. Al)out the snnie as the Clydesdales, 1 suppose;

Q. Yes. Really Bofil ones arc very difficult to get because peopi" do not like
ti> part with them.

n,, Mr. C(Ui)i :

Q. Are there many of such horses?

A. We have registered in the present stud book W9 — the majority of them ol
course are mares.

Mr. AIll.I.KU. — I think, Jlr. Chairman, this is about the best adilrc-s we have
lieard before this Committee and I move a very hearty vote of thanks to Dr.
Rutherford.

I

Having read over the foregoing transcript of my evidence, T certify the same
to bo correct.

J. G. RUTHERrORD.
Veterinary Director General and Live Stock I'ommifisioner.