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MOUNTAIN WILD FLOWl-RS
()!• CANADA

{/\rv(/iy,'>ii!ii'i i-.\':jiiti-iiin)

MOUNTAIN WILD FLOWERS
OF CANADA

A SIMPLE AND POPULAR GUIDE TO THE NAMES AND

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FLOWERS THAT

BLOOM ABOVE THE CLOUDS

JUMA W. HENSHAW

TORONTO ;

WILLIAM BRIGCS

1906

J

^

i-

169512

Elite, cd j^u,rdins In Aa .,f l„„KrL-„, in lln- jra,- ,,,.,,, |,y

IILIA w. HKNSHAW
i,. 111. nffi>,; nl Ml,- |.il„,,ri,„ „| ,„„„.,. „ KtM„s<..,,

Kiiitirf .K..,rdinK ,., -\a ,.| ,|,, l..,rii.„ii,,,„ „f c,,„.,d.,, i„ ,|,= y,.„ „,
JULIA U- HKNSMAU
.11 till- ll.iarini,,,, n( AB,i,„li„„

Knii.;kki, 1

i:hs' IIvii,

TO
SIR THOMAS GEORGE SHAUCiHNESSV

THIS GUIDE TO THE ALPINE fXOWER FIELOS OF CANADA,

ACROSS WHICH THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY

RUNS, IS INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR

M

PRF.FACE

" Uhen the h„uk of life falls open at the pa^o of sprin- •'
who does not lo„^. to enter the kinKclom of Nature and wan-
<le-r therein, uith brisht-hued flowers abloom about his feet
and the s.Ient, scintillating peaks standinj, eireleuise above
his head.'

Hifih up where the snow-crowned mountam monarehs rule
over an enc-hantinK land of foliage, ferns, an<l fungi, outspanned
tn sunsh.ne beneath the broad blue ten, of th^ western skv
the alp.ne nteadous are ahla.e with starrv biossotns lleid'
Hose ,n the etirved arnts of the cliffs, these'patches of verdure
and wondrous-tinted flowers are a revelation to the traveller
Won, the mountains of the Yukon and Alaska to the hills of

and the uTst mountatn ranges of Montana, Dakota, Wash

fi"' "h'a t?'™' '"""™r' =•"'" '""" "•'^^•^■™ ^'--' "- "i"
le 1 h r""-' 7™'" "'-^ '"""' "■^""S'"' On :he lower
i-cls whtte-flowered, .scarlet-fruite.l shrubs stretch out Ion.
branche^ wetghted with clustered loveliness, across t v

nbbon-hke tra.ls that man has cu, deep into the heart of e
prtnreval forest. Over the valleys the water wa^s ha^e spr ad
n emerald t,de of verdure, set with islands fliming PaTna !
cups, bk>e Genttans, and purple Vetche.s ; e hL^her u,> the

Jopes „ the mountains are carpeted with tnvria if ^, '
Lilies, Gaillardias, and Arnicns n ,i ■',.■, , '
Cloth of Gold. '-^>"'ras,-a glorious I-ield of the

As the traveller climbs upward the scene changes- every
where there are barren rocks and towering clitfs hr, ^'e „

n^entsandrowningprecipices, for here Naturestire'Z,"
■n one of her most majestic moods, and all the line"

:^ |'ki:f.\cf.

lamlscapc arc sketched ,„.t niKgccI an.l severe. Then ernes
the siKklen turn rnund the c.irner „f some cliff, the (.■ert..])-
ping (,i s.,me steep stone led!;e, and behohl ! before one lies a
garden such as liings might envy. Hut hou .lescribe the ecstasy
of standing knee-<leep in the fragrance of a thousand flowers '
After the crossing of the l,are, bleak rocks it is like a triumphal
entry mto Paradise. Here are pink Garlics, I' rebells sway-
ing in wild w.aywardness, Veronicas looking up with their wi<le-
open blue eyes, I leathers red, rose, and white, amethvst Asters
and sweet-scented Orchids, all mingling their perfume with the'
shming green leaves and wa.'cen petals of the Khoilodcmlrons
and the great snow\ chalices of the Tdobe Klowers.

Who can adequately describe the luxuriant profusion of these
alpine meadows > Wh<, can tell in mere words the glory and
the glamourof such a scene .' All around one thedazzling peaks
m their frozen and pitiless beauty p<,int long slender fingers
up to God; cruel crevasses split the gigantic rocks fnmi tree-
less top to pinCK'lad base, where glaciers cling to the cliffs with
.S|)arkling tentacles, and lichened stone-slopes are graciously
clothed by the cree|)ing Juniper, and the pale green mantle
of Lyall's Larches.

Kar below lies the universe in miniature, lakes, rivers, and
forests, a few scattered dwellings nestling in the umbrage of
the conifers,— "a wondrous wo.if of various greens" cover-
ing the mountain sides, sharp scythe-cut b>- manv a winding
pathway or brawling torrent along whose margent the willow
wands sway lightly in the wind.

In the foreground is set the splendid sod where prodigal
Nature has planted countless flowers, — acre on acre of yellow
and scarlet ami bkie giant Lady's Slippers, delicate Helio-
tropes, Geraniums, Forget-me-nots, and Columbines. Such is
a picture of the Land of Immortal Loveliness, where, far
above the clouds, man meets Nature face to face and finds
that it is good.

I'kKKACI'; jjj

It m;Utcis niil at wh:it lic.ur imc ^''t's tn the moiiiu^iins,
whether in the amethyst dav.n, when the t;"lil<-'n gates (if sun-
rise fall ajar and the first faint rustle (if the leaves stirs the
dreaming wdrld t.i e(jpsci(nisness. dispersing mists and dew ;
in the brilliant noiiiitide, when life marches (in with all her
banners unfurled, and every jilant is budding and bidwing as
the sap runs freely and the sun's effulgent rays turn everv-
thing t(i gl(iry ; (ir in the amber evening, when purple shaddw's
steal with phantdm feet fnim cliff to cliff, and down in the
depths (if the forest the gentle dusk drops tears that spangle
leaf and bloom, as God lights the star-lamps of His high
heaven and puts out the dav.

Even when we listen to the rhythm of the rain all is beau-
tiful, for the flowers that greeted the dawn with opal hearts
wide-bldwn, that at noiintide were found with

•• Kach affluent pilal outstrelclitd ami uncurled
To the glory and gladness and shine of the world. "
and that at evening offered up sweetest fragrance in their
chalice-cups, are given a new joy and beauty by the cool clear
showers from above.

'• The ji.uhs. the wood.s. the heavens, the hills.
Are not a world todav,
ISut ju»t a place Cod made for us
In which to plav."
So we wander in search of the mountain u ild liowers,
following the trails that lead to the alpine meadows, listening
to the bird-songs as we pass, wrapt in the ))eace of the perfect
hills, while all about us the infinite beauty of things created,
the magic of the summer skies, the strength of the far-tlimg
bastions, the inirity of the eternal snows, and the glory of the
flowers that bloom above the ( louds bid t.s remen
we are walking

■• In the Freedom of the Carden Wild '

ember that

with

k1 of the open .\ir.

I

::: i-kkivck

A.-, this l>.,„k is intended more tor the use (it the jjcneral
puhhc- th.in f„r botanists, the Hovvers herein described are clas-
sified acc.r.iin},' to colour, and without special reference to
their scienlirtc relationship; lor the hrst attribute of a plant
that attracts the traveller's eye is invariably its colour, his
lirsi question usually bein-. What is that red'tlower? (or blue
Houer, or yell.iw tiouer, as the case may be). Of order,
k'cmis, and species he probabi) knows nothing, and therefore'
liie descriptions -iven in this -uiile to the mountain wild
tlouers are so simply and clearly wor.led that any plants
indexed may be readily located in one of the colour sections,
to;;ether with its name and c hief characteristics.

There are, h.uvever, a few botanical terms which it is well
the reader should understand ; these are f,'iven in the ■• Es-
planation of Hotaniial Terms " on pa^e .\xv.

The nonienc lature followed throughout this work is strictly
ill accordan.e with that endorsed by Professor John Macoun,
botanist to the Federal Government of Canada.

Plants will be found to vary -reatly in size and appearance
at various altitudes, becoming smaller and shorter as the sum-
mits of the mountains are approached, until at 7000 or 8coo
feet one will find the tiny leaves of the Moss Campion and
Mountain Sa.dfra^e Krowin- flat upon the ground, their starry
blossoms having no perceptible stalks, but beinj,' set close
down into the moss-like plants. The Aplopappi, Speedwells
Chickweeds, Whitlow-^rass, Erio^onums, Androsaces, Sa.xi-
frafjes. and Stonecrops are all in evidence at very hij;h eleva-
tions, ftrowiiiii in dwarfed alpine forms, and, together with
the Heaths, Heathers, and Anemones, are amon;; the last
flowers found at the ed,i;e <,f perpetual snow.

Uuriiif; the course of a short walk in anv direction amonff
the mountains, one may gather many e.'^quisite flowers, for he
is not obliged to wander far afield in order to find blossoms
of every hue ; while even to reach tree-li,ie, with its rarer

MM

sialics i.f |>hmls, i> lint liL-ynnil Hi,. pmviT ,.l Uif .,nlin;irv
traveller wh.i starts cmt troni a thalct hotel at an average
altitude nl 4500 feet, ami therefore has only to clinih another
eon|,le of thousand feet to arrive at the hi-hest alpine meadows.
For their vaUiahle assistance in the work of iircparinj; this
volume upon the mountain wild fiowers my sincere and f,'rate.
fill thanks are due to Mr. David McNicoll' Mr. Robert Kerr,
and Mr. Richard Marpole.

My sincere thanks are due also to I'rofessor John Mac.iun,
Mr. James Macoun. and Dr. James I'Metcher. of Ottawa, for
valiiahle st ientlHc a.lvice and for their interest in mv worK.

April, IV06

yU4.^A. '^. ,.^'^C^fX^a^AM^

(il l)I.O(,U Al. M l<\ (.V (II r.WADA

KoBtKl 1)11.1. Ml)., |>,S, (( 1MM|.(. I.I, II, ], K,,s. I .s,(),
AtliiiK lli'piitv Head .ui.l Ilirctur

<*li\\\), \(i\t'inlnT r4, 1905
iMvk Ml,-. HiNM.w: Uhen .v,m mm t,,l.| „„. „f yuiir inu-nii,m
1.. luilc .. |.,,|ml,ir n.,..int.iin ll„r,i. I .isMir.wl y.u lh;U ,i„ h a nork
»..iilil n.,1 null sen.' .1 ^plt-ndi,! p,n\,UM m .mracting allfntioii t„
.)iir Kran.l (an.i.liaii mountain.,, hut that until the tourist hail in his
hanils Mimt- su. h lii.nk that iv.mlil enaMc him t,i iik-ntifv the many
flowers thai Krow there in profusion he must feel lost amonK th-
unnanieil beauties vvhi, h woulil surround him. It «as the one li„„k
neeiieiL

That the work shouH have ' n done as von have done it is more

than 1 roulil have hoped. Ihe lieantv of the photographs, the abso-
lute lorrei tness of the grouping of the flowers, the roni ise and yet
lomplete deseriptiims. make it easy for even the visitor of a day to
identify all the plants he is likely to see.

Vonr . hoiee of Knglish names when su. h had not before been
given to our alpine flowers is exeellent. They are themseUes often
suffie.ently desrrii.tivc to enable one to identify the species. I am

glad to note, too, that the

snentihe names you have used are strietlv

in aeeordanre with our Canadian nomen, lature as indorsed by the
Canadian Dominion Government Kotanists.

\'ours siiu erely,

DoMIMdN ,,| , ANADA

Ul.i'

■>'"«■ M "1 Ac.Ki, I I ,, „K

<tM«M JAl'tKIMfM M. 1 ,1 k M

'>! I ui \. N'.ncmlier 14, 1905
.Nh ,,, vK Mk, l.,..M,u> : , hau. .x.>,„,„e,l .h. „u„„«.npt and
I atesn, yuur („nh.„„.mK work on nmun.au, «,M ,l„«.rs «„h n.u.h

m, ,he n,a„y l,.ers „f „a,„.. „h„ vi,,, .h. ha„n„ „, ,he!e plants
«..h a popular l,ut . .ent,!,, ally a,. „ra,. ^. ,„ ,„„„ „, ,J,„,^_

ramhlel' "" "'"" "'" ''" '"''• '" ""'' '" ""' "■"^- ""^"'
The cfti,ien,y :m,l ,„„„urt of ,h. Canadian Pa, if,. Kailnav and
of .he,r InvunoMs ho.eU a„ra, t .ho„.and. of educated tour.st, lo the
mountains every y=ar. an,! amongst these travellers there may alwa,s
1« fou„.l many anxious i,„|uirers after the names of the beautiftd
flowers „h,ch grow everywh ■ ■ in su, h profusi„n
«.shuig y,m' l)col: ;ve,y su,-,ess, helieve m.

V'ouiS verv trulv,

/^^^--•^ ojh^^^^^

F.ntjm<d,>i;iit and Uotmiht (.> Dm

MH(^„ Exfr*

i

CO NTH NTS

l-iTTKR ,.«,.,, r,<nF,,ssuK J„„N .M„„ix, M ,v, r I s 1- K S (• '"'
iiolanist ,0 .l,e (;„,l„«ical ami Natural His,.,rv Surve'v „f
Canada -

LktTER KH,,„ JAMKS Kl.KHl.KK, I.I.,I).. FKSC I' | S F,

moloj;ist and Botanist ' '

, xvii

Ll^T OF Fl.ATKs

xxi

tXlM.AN-ATJ.lN „]. I!„TAK1, Al, TeKMS

XXV

I. WiriTF. Tt) Grkex Flowkks

n. PixK T(i Rkij Flowkks

MI. liLlKTO I'lui-i.K Fl.oHi:n^ '^

l\'. Vi;i,I,()»- TCI OKAVr.K Fl.CUKKs ....

V. Fl.iiHT;i<iN(i SHl.riis

,., ,, 3-1

\ I -Vilst i:i,i,A\Ko|-^

365

Imikx to Scientifk Xamks

, 377

NTJEX TO English \a.mi ■,

381

1. 1ST OF I'L.XTES

l:tylltii^tiuim xi.i:>i'ttciith

in.

IV.
V.
VI.

\ II.

VIII.

I.\.
x.

Xl.

xn.
xiii.

XIV
XV

XVI

xvn

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV

XXV.

XXVI

XXVIl.

XX\ III.
XXIX.
XXX
\XXI

XXXII.

XXXIII.

Western .\nemone . . .

WiiKl-flower

-Alpine Anenume . . , .

(ilobe Flower

I'nimniond'.^ Koik iress

Canada Violet

Kield Chickwcid . . . '

Spring Meauty

Hircli leaved Spiraea

White Drya.-i

f'ommon Sa.\ifrage . . .

Tall Saxifrage

Alpine Saxifrage ....

I.eptarrhena

■ Tellima

/Marsh Cras.s of I'ariias.Mis
1 Kringed Grass of I'arnassi
. Wild Parsley ....

liuiiehherrv

Northern I^edstraw .
White Heliotrope .
White Aster . . . . ^
I'early l-Aerlasting . .
\'arrow ...

Ox-eye I iaisy

White Heath

White False Heather .

^ (ireen-tlowered Wiiitergree;

Ked Wintergreen
Onesided Wintergreen
llnellowered Winteigreen
H'lnian/otiia
Contorted I-oiisewoit
I -Mpine Itistr.rl ,

: -Asphodel

Ladies' Tresses

.'liieiiKmc oaiifenta/h .
■ iiitiHfiie mj<lliJi,Ut

Arahii /iriiminoinfn

( ermtium ,inen\f
i'hyU'nni u-isilt/olia .

-yo-,™ /«. „/„ . .

I'ryas ,vli,f€l,ila . . '

■siM //>-,,(•„ /„-,w,y„„/,., ■ ■ ■'■'

S,ixi/i„x,, \iitlc,in,t .
l.,-fl,u-rhtji,i fyr„lijolia
t.r/r? ltU>l!t,l)l,'flSl.\\

J'elli,,,
r„ni„

Aii<tpli,ilis niiUXitnt,ui;i

-■/. /////m hnitiliKiii ,

I •lirysMilliewuin l.r„„uilli„i,um

( ,iss/,:fc' Mtrlrnsi,,,,,, ....

Kry.tiKlufs ,i;/<i,i,fii/,//„n,.,

/'yni/,i ,-/i/,n;i,il/„, I

Pyi\'lit itstin/t'Hii J

J 'y,w„ .,.■,,„„/„

M'^iiaes iniifhn;i
l\<'m,uizt'ji;,, sit,-lit-iKU.^ - . - -
/ V,//, iititris ti»iti>rl,i ....
l\'lyi;oiitiw ^I'lfaritm i
^':Mi/iti ^i^'/l,li„o.v„ I ■ ■ ■
Sfh-aut/u-> A\:r/hi,ii,,f/,\i„,; . . . i

35

y>
-ll

45
47

5'

S3
57

^'<i!en,imt sitj!^nii.< .... (^

LIST OF PLATES

XXXIV

XXXV.

XXXVI.

XXX\ II.

XXXVllI.

\XXIX.

XI..

XLI.

XI.II.

XLIII.

XI.IV.

XI.V.

XI.VI.

Xi.VII.

XI.V 11 1.

XI.IX.

L.

LI.

LII.

LIII.

I.IV.

LV.

LVI.

I.VII,

LVIII.

LIX.

fl^afy Oichis . .
1 Small Orchis . .
While K.i). Orchi.« .
\Vhiic 'I'wi.sled stalk
Spikenard . . . ,

LX.

I.XI,

I.XII.

LXIII.

LXIV.

I.XV.

I. XV I.

l.XVII

I.XVIII.

1 XIX

LXX.

I.XXI

IXXII.

I.XXUI.

LXX IV.

I.XXV.

I. XXVI.

I.NNVII.

LXXVIll.

False Hellebore . .
StenanlhiLtii) . . .
Tall /.ygadelie . .
Western (.'olumbiiie
l.ong.plumed .\vens
Water Willowherl)
.Vorthern I wiii-tlowe
Rough Fleabane
I'ink lOverlasting
Ked False Heather
Ked Money-flower .
Wood Hetony . ,
Fly spotted Orehis
I'ink (larlie . . .
Wild Clematis .
I'asque Flower . .
Mountain Larkspur
Moss Campion . .
Wild Flax ....
.Ascending Vetch
-\lpine Vetch . . .

fFurple Iledysarum
[White Iledysarum

Cow Vetch . . . .
Large I'urple .\ster
Large I'urple I- leaban
Brook Lobelia

Harebell

Macoun's tJentian
-Northern Gentian .
-Mountain I'hacelia .
False Forget-me-not
Large I'urple Meard-to
Alpine Speedwell
Hlue-cyed Crass
I'urple (larlic . . .
N'ellow Columbine ,
liladderpod . .
Drummond's Diyas
Vellow Willow-herb
F'ield (iolden rod

I'l

01)

1 1 1

'-'9
'J7
■41
M5

140

i5.i
157
161
167

. //.i/:'>i,t

. ll.tl'diian,! ,lil,tt'.tti

. SmiUtiithi .stt-ll,\t.i u

( 'lintoma unt/loni \z

I em/rum itruic ij

. .Sliinnttfiutin Oi\ideHtiild . . . \2
/.ygii lit' Hits e/t]i^ii/is

. AijuiUi^ia Jonm's.i
Getim IriJloniHi . .
Hl'ilohitim l<it:fohum

. Aiitt-iiiKuuiparrifoltu
Jirvrnt/iits enif-etrifo,

Pediiuhit . . Aiteosa

Orcht. ,'oUn,Mjolui 175

Allium rciurvalum 179

Cldinatis Coliimhian,! . . . . 1S7
Anemone Xnttiilhanii .... iSij
Delphintnm h'r,>~cnu .... [9 j

Silene nciinlis 10:

/ innm I.eu-isit (9,,

Astragalus iidsn}\^eni .... 201

Astragalus aiptnus 205

(Iledysarum boreale-\
■{ Iledysarum boreale J-
L var. albijlorum J
t ''cici Craeea . , . ,
Aster ionspieun> . . ,
Eri'^eron salsughiosus .
l.oMia Kalmii . . .
Campanula rotuiidifolia . . . 22 i
Ueniiiinn .Maioiimi . . . . j^y

Gentiona acuta 231

Pliaielia sen-rea 235

Hclnnospermiim llonhniulun:
I'enslemou Menziesu . . .

I 'e rani, a alpina

Si.\vrini-/i ium aiigustifoUum
Allium Srlm noprasum . .
AiiuiU\ia ftaTt'sfens . . .
Pl.ysaria dijymocarpa . .
Dry.is Drnmvtondii . . .
J:pih>bium luteum . . . .
Solidago decumhens 283

209

21 [

217

237

2-y)

=f'3
269

273

i.isi Of ri.AiKs

i.WIX,

I.XXX.

I.XXXI.

I.XXXII.

i.xxxni.

1, XXXIV.

I.XXXV.

i, XXXVI.

I.XXWII.

I.XXXVIII.

I.XXXIX.

XI-.

XC'I.

XCII.

xriir.
xciv.
xcv.
xcvi.

XCVII.

XCVI II.

XCIX.

. .Slip

(lialil .Siiiiriovst.-r

( i real rtmvf red (;ail].iicliu

Heart-leaf .\rtiiLa

Alpine Aini>a .

(iolcieii KayM.irt

Mairy llawkvieed

Small llankuteil

I.arpe \'ell..u l.ady

Ked llaneherry
<;oal\s Heard
Salmi>ii.|)erry
I'rickly Rose
Wt.^tern Mountain Ash
Servicelierry ....
Ked-stemmed Dogwood
Ked lierried KIder . .
.'\rrow.wond ....
Woolly Labrador lea .
White Mountain Rhododei
Smooth Menzie^ia
Cotton (irass . .

//,V>,;«//l/,n-,-„„/,.„.,
t''.u7/,in/j,i ,i>-i.y/.i/,t . .
.Iniioi ct^fjij\>li:i . .
■ Irni,,i „l/;,i,i . .
.\tiu;i,' /liiLuimit.f . .
ifiiiihnini Sii'iilt'n
llurmniiii i^nttiU .

.t,f,ftt s/'i.tilti -ar. lUxiit,
S/'irici Antiniix . .
y\'/(/'//.r Xutkiiims . .
>^'".ivr ijcuitUtrix . .
/'irns i'linbtiiifoliii . .
.Ifttfliiiii/iii-r iihli/oli.t
Cotnits .^toloinft'nr .
Xintf-miix i;i,i'in,Kui
1 tl'iirtium ,^'111, i//:'i!n>!
/■li/lim l.ilifiiltttin . . .
/V/i>,/,i,/c//,/;.(v, iilhifloniin
Miir.irxi., ^iiMl,,' . .

-'IS
mi,

JOJ

3°7

J'S
3-S
.J-7
JJi
II?,

EXPLANATION OF HOTANKAI. TERMS

Thf cihjeit nf these pa);cs is to give as hrieriy as possible a simple
explanation of those botanical terms most frei|iienllv used in desiriljinL'
plants. ■ *■

Till-: KotJT

KMlslnct: a c-eeping stem, growing below the siirtarc of the ground.
Tuicr: a thick portion of a rootstock, usually possessing e\es like

a potato.
Corm : the thick fleshy base of a stem.
Hi<l/>: an underground stem covered with scales.
Sloloii: a basal branch, rooting at the nodes.

IIIK FRUIT

,i'ni- : a dry one-seeded fruit.
/>V. 'v : a pulpy fruit.

Cii/>.tul€: a dry fruit with two or more carpels.

Jh„pr: a single fruit, with a deshy outer wall and a bony inner wall.
I'l,<mm: lesembling a |)lume, like the Clematis in seed.
SIt-iiL- : without seed.

Till-; sri:.\i

ht't'Ct : upright.
Siiii/iie: not branched.

Lhiitmlv,,/: horizontal on the ground, but vertical at the end.
I'r.icuiih.iiil : Hat on the ground.

Cmpiiit:: running along the earth and rooting at the joints.
Sat/i€: the leafless tlower-stalk of a stemless plant.

AW,-.- the junction of two portions of the stem, often hard and swollen,
at which leaves are iisuallv borne.

THK I.KAK
linut : a leaf subtending a flower.

iHvohicre: a circle of bracts round a flower, as in the Sunflowe
hnliie: one the edge of %'-liicl; is not cut or lobed.

KXIM.ANAIION OK BOIAMCAI IKKMS

Simpit: one which is nol cliviiled into leaflets.

Compoitiui : one whicli is divided into leaflets.

Allernate: when one leaf grows just above the other on another side
of the stem.

Upp,nile: when two appear at eadi j.iint, havins; the semicircle of the
stem between tliem.

ll'horled: when they grow in a circle round the stem.

Confatt": heart-shaped.

Ohioriiitte: inver.sely heart-shaj cd.

Linear : very narrow, like grass.

LanreoiaU: narrow, tapering towards the top.

OhhtttLt-olate : inversely lanceolate.

Ovule: egg-shaped, broader .u the bottom.

Oho-.ate: egg-shaped, broader at the top.

Klliplital: oblong, narrowed at the top anil bottom.

O-.-al : broadly elliptic.d.

Spatulal,-: rounded at the top and narrow at the base,

ihhidtlar : round.

Keiiipn-m: nearly round, with a deep indentation at the stalk.

Ai(ri,nl,ile: having two rounded lobes at the base.

S,ii:itt,ile; having two pointed lobes at the base,

Unttulale : with wavv itn.^ins.

Creihile : with rounded teeth on margins.

Hen-ale : with sharp teeth on margins.

Iiuisett : with deep jagged teeth.

Lobed : with divisions cut to about the middle.

Clef I : with divisions cut more than halfway into the leaf.

Divided: cleft to the midrib.

Pitbesteitt : covered with tine hairs.

Glabrous : without any hairs, smooth.

Giaiicniis : covered with a bloom, as on the plum.

Miieronale : with a short sharp tip.

THK I'l.dWKR

Ca/yx: the outer lower set of leaves at the base of the flower. Lsually

green, but sometimes bright coloured.
Sepals : the leaves of the calyx when it is divided to the base.
Contlla: the inner set of leaves of the flower.
Petals: the leaves of the corolla when it is divided to the base.

liXI'LANAllON Ol- HOIANK Al. IICKMS

XWll

I tiianlh: saiil of .i ttuwi-r h.ivinn oniy „iit s,-! of Moral Itavc.-.
l;;lu,l: tlic small imlivillujl slalk oi a tl.nver l.orne in a dusler.
/'fi/uHjf: the main (lower .stalk,
Ai-,,,;/,, saiil ol (lowers tli.ll «r<.w dose to tlie stem and have no

pedicels.
K,nr,„t; a lonR-sliapnl tlower-hea.l form.d hy mimcrous Ho«er.s ^row-

ini; on pcrliiel.s alonj; the sides of a eonim.m slalk.
SfiU;-: .1 raceme with sessile riimers.
/Ifii,l: a ilense spike, Klohular in shape, like a Clover.
L«,ymf'; a raceme with the lower riowers on longer stalks, sn th.it the

cluster is almost Hat on llie top. as in the Yarrow.
L-mM: like a cory.nh. l,„t with the pedicels ail branchln,. from a

central point.

Axi/tan-: growing from the axil, or angle, formed l.v tile leaf an>l

the stem.
Stamens : composed of

l-ilamenl. the stalk to uphold the anther.
Anlher: a tiny liox containing the pollen.
l;<llen: the terlili/ing powder of the plant.
/'ixti/: composed of

Oiiin: containing the ovules, or undeveloped seeds.
A/)'/,'.- a slender stalk surmounting the ovarv

Slixma .- a variously formed tip of the style.'which has a rough moist
surface to catch the pollen that fertili.es the seeds !,v means of
.nmute tubes that penetrate the style and ronvev the pollen from
the stTgma to the ovule.s.
S/i^i/i.r a Hcshy spike, as in the Arum Lily.
Spaihe: the concave bract enveloping a spike.

MOUNTAIN WILD Fi.OVVERS
OF CANADA

Section I
WHITH TO CREEK FLOWHRS

Six ii()\ I
Winn; TO (;ri.;|.;x Ilowi^rs

I tlittl ,tn- wli.-h' /i'

'"<i'i,'ii,i/h ,„, /.«/„,,/

I.iri.liii.i fMi.i-Mnl
Mpiiu- \\ill.,„ |„.ri,
M..rtH-ni.uin\ Will..

I'ink Kv,'rU«i,ij{
Mliini- lljllnTrv
l)«ar( liilU.rrv
Mountain ( ranljeriv
n, ., H<-.irl,.r,v
.'lt..i.- 1!,,>.I. ,
i*ir(i's«ye I'rinin.se
Shnolintf •"'Ur
Ked Indian I'aiiit Ijru
Wtiiti- Indian I'ainl t;
M.iunlain l.arln|uir
l)..K \i.,l,.l
Mo-i^ Campinn
Mac(jiin\ \'ctch
I'urpli- Vetch .
■Alpine Oxytrop,.
1 ealv bracted Astei
Alpine Flealwne
Arctic Fleabane
Koilrparted t.entiaii
N'orthern (Jentian ,
Alpine (ientian
Itwarf (ientian
Monntain I'hacelia .
l-alse Forget-me lint
Incn-iicd ...
■Entail Hai.k«eed
Nar,o„-l,.,eeJ ,.

•/,uii/r,;/ III l/ii, \,;i,„

'"■■'""■"' ' If ,/,„, ,p,nk to Ke,| >e<ti„„|

/■/■ii*,i,„i .,,,„t„,V„/„„/„,„ |,,„|, „

■'" ''■"■"""'- "'■•■"'-' (Fink ,„ K.d >.,,„;,

/ifW,-..,. r/„W/„, ifink In Ked Sertinni

■ I'lltmuinit ttitt lA/,., - .^ .. ,

'••ri'tiMu, ,„. ,„„„ , |.,„j ,„ „^_| ,^^

."""""" ">""■/"■ I k t„ Ke,l .S,c,i„n,

,.""""""' •;'■/""""" (link t„ Ked ,-ecti„„,

<r;","''7, ";.'''"'"''"'"" "'■■"■^•"i""'

■■(■.A.,,,,,/,,/,,, , „„ „,„ ,,,|„t „, n^^i _^^.^^^^
r. :ul,ifl,p.„ a.fi,,., , Fink ,„ u^j .Settinn,

'■'■,;'"'■■•■"'• '"■""» ll'ink .„ Ked >ecl,„n,

."''*,„ ■c//,,,,,,,,,,,,/,, ,pi„|, ,„ ^

'' ;;'/'"'''■'''"■'' '■-I' >"«^<1 Section,

";'f"";""' "'■"■ '""•■'" ''"'PifSctinn;

W- .-,/,„„ „,l„„et„|.„cpfc Section, .
t '"■'■"""" """•■""'"Ple Section,

";T """'■"'"'"■'" ''-Pl-Sectinn)
;;'■'""■';""""■"-■ '■"•"'Pl« section, , "

;>7r'"T" """•■' 'H'-'-ction,

,":"■;" "'"■""BI"''"Fnrple Section,

:""""■' fn,f,n.„.., , „|,„ ,„ p

i;„„ """'" I i"ple Section, ,

'■".■;.,. ,r.,..f;„,.,m.,., FnrpleSect ' '

';">"<"- f-" iltln n,,Is« ■

/W,„,„,-,c„„„ne,o,.,p,/secti,V, '

oZT'T" ''[""''' '"'" """' "■ '-"Plesectio,

"v."/... I..,„!.n„ ,,ell„> to Oran,^ Section,
Hitt.iainii gr„„!, Hellou ,„ OrAo.rs. 1' "

" '•ii"«to(,raiiKeSp,,,o,(

uiiiiK i() (;ri:i;n

WESTERN ANEMONE

Aihiihiiit ih, iil.nlal:'. Cniwlciol l'':imily

L-iiilucfii iiK'liL-^ lii;,'li. Leaves; '.ari^t.-, loii;;-l)ctiuli:tl,

Flowers: \\\x%i:, s<)lit;ir\ : petals nniit; ; sej);:!-- tivL-

■Is witli limji lllifonil styles tlial liccome pluiiiusu

Stems: erecl
liitcniatf and [tiniiatc
to sL'\L'n. Fruit: i-arp
tails ti) the :ichelies

The Western Aiietiiotie is itiie of the tiinst heatilifitl of the
early spring' moiitiwin flowers, lis liandsome while ittps,
piirpie-shadeil i>ti the outside, may be found f^rowinj; ilose to
the retrealinj; litie of snow (hirint;- the months of M;iy and
June, ami later oti in the season its hi;;- fluffy seed-heails are
ea^i^^rlv feathered h_\ those who deli;;ht in artistic- thitij;s.
This plant, like many others ol the Crowfoot l-'amily, has no
petals, (inlv a loiely calyx fashioned into about si\ sepals,
which do tliity itistead.

WIND-FLOWER

A)u-/nonc iintltiji<hi. frowtont Faiiiilv

Stems: villous «ith Ion;; silky liairs. Leaves: liiiif;-lietioled, nearly semi-
circiihir in mitline, tcrnate, steni-leaves smaller, ne;>r]y sessile. Flowers: of
five tu ei,i;lil sepals. Fruit: >,'l(iln !.ir to ohloiiL,'; aclienes densely woolly.

The Wind-flower, as this delicate little Anemone is usually
called, ap)iears on the dry meadows in the spring' time in a
vast variety of hues, with many blossoms atid much fruit.
Its colours nin,L;e fn;m white to led, with many intermediate
shades of yellow, |)ink, antl putTile-bluc. It is to I'liny, the
f;urious :incient philosopher, that it owes its name, for he
d.'dared that only the wind would cause Anemones to open;
while a later poet has sun,;;- how Venus in her .uriel over
the death of Adonis "poured out tears amain," and hov,-
•■ tjentle Howers " were bom to bloom :it every drop that fell
from her lovely eyes :

" Wliere streams his 1; ood, there blusliilli; sprinj;s the rose,
And wliere a tear lias drop:...<., a wind-Hower blows."

IM.ATK I

\^ rsii.i(\ Ank.M(jm.:

I'lAii-:

MOIMAIN II()\M.:R.S

They arc short-lival Howcrs ; the wind blows them upcn
ami wafts them awa> . Rapidly the fruit is f,Mmecl it. a thimble-
like liead, whith presently Inirsts ami is seen u, cuitain many
white woujly seeds. The lea\es arc ver) dee|]ly cleft.

ALPINE ANEMONE

Aiii-moiu- Ifnt/ii/Hi'iidii. L'rnwtndt Kaniijv

Stems: ..l,iukT. Ihroi.- t„ Wn indii-s l,i-l, ln,m lultcl niotstocU
Leaves: ,)n Kmf; petioles, tcriMtu, Icallflsdeeplv ]„l„.,l Fi„wers ■ ul Mvc-
to sevci .sepals, silkvAillui.s outside: sivie ".slender, glabrous Fru.f
atlienes den.selv villous.

The Alpine Anemune has a larger Hnwer and thicker stalks
than .;. ,m,.'nj!,/., ■ it als„ ornws higher up „n the mmmtams,
and may be Innnd clnse to perpetual snow. 'I-he leaves are
set m a circle round the stalk, about two imhes below the
bloss,,m, and als,, o-n,w up from the base of the plant, 'i'hey
are not so delicate or decjily cut as those of ..(. ,,,,,/tiji,/:,.
I he llower is rather like a white buttercup, ami is usually
shaded with pale blue on the outskle. The centre is yellow
and green.

All

FEW-FLOWERED ANEMONE

■riiiiiiif p,ir-'ijli'ni. Crowfoot l-'iimil)-

Stems, erect very .slender Leaves: ha.sal ones lonj:-pe,ioled, Ihree-
parleci,the broad wedj;e-sl,aped divisions ob.uselv lobed or crenate, ibose
ol the mvolucre nearly .ses.sile, similarlv lobed. Flowers: small of oval
very obtu.se .sepals. Fruit tflobo.se; aehenes densely woolly.

The smallest and most delicate of all the mountain Anemo-
nes, It IS usually foimd fjrowins; in the thick fr>r.;sts, single and
solitary. The fl.iwers are white, veined and shaded with blue
at the ba.se of the sepals.

wiiiri: 1(1 cRii'.N

MEADOW-RUE

lliilli II mil ,h, i.l,ill.l/r Cnralciol F.imlly

Sterna: ^Iftiti.T i' lo Iliric trfl lii^li Leaves: utii.Uu, th<' lower

s [HM.iU'ti. Flowers: liiiddini;- nil \iT\ .slciuliT [n-dict-Is in all .iinplr

Mjn'ii [Liniiif; lilanRiUs pur])li--!i-;,"rffn : :ilitbfr linear, eUN[)i(tate: < al\ \
nl' i.iur t<i eii:hl sel>aU llnit tall early Fruit: arlieries one in ien in
,M. I, head, riMied, l,in. ei.Kile

.\ (hiint\ ]il:iiil, Willi ikdiratc loliam' iliisfl\ |-.-.rmliliii,;;
rMli.i>t ]ii,ii,K-n-li.iir iVrii, TIk- r\r nl iIk- liavclK-r i> at mux-
i,iii,i;lll I>\ it> i)t**-tl\ ta-,>e'l^, wliirli haiiu;' in ilii>tcis .iiul al'c
Ml a |ialo ,i;iviai rMln,ii-, ti|i|ir.l «ilh mKli^h-|HU|ilr. It is fiv-
iliiriuK I'lHiiiil .iIoiil; till' iii,ir;;ins "I al|iinr sliv,iiii>. IxailL;" iiiihIi
a'lntiii'i! in liuit, wiuai il slinws inmnaoii.v >i.-i,ai-l)ual'ii\i; stai's,
tip|iril witli tluTa.l-likr points.

GLOBi> FLOWER

/■/,'///>/. 1,1 u,- Crunloni l-,unilj

Stems: \\e,Lk, ,wi endin^. Leaves: ]i:llnnnelv di\ided, llle ^ei;niellt^
many. led. Flowers: Miliary: >e|,:dv live in :.i\, nidte, «illi :i ;;rrin!sl:
iin^'e nitiside : pei,ds lifteen in t\vonl\-liee, lai;,dii yelluw, ininuie, nun h
>lioru r tln.n tile nunuannN stanieii>.

TIk- C.lohr l-'lowcr is nnr ol the m.ist i-nnspininus cil all thr
carh- Npiin^- mountain ]ilanls that panv at m'i\ liii;li .iltitucK--.,
iloso til the hoialcrs of alpino lakes ami stR-ain>, and in
niar>liv places \yhele the snow has reeelltly melted, beds ol
this heailtifnl lav.i;e while flower may be found, its brilli.mt
.golden centre i;leamini; in the sunshine, and its riih. .flossy
folia^re fnrniinj; a superb seltiil,;;- for its perfect purity.

Do not confuse it with one of the Anemones. Note that
its centre is far lari;er and more <;"o!den in hue ; also that the
foliage is ciiar.ser and thicker. There is a Ixishy lircle of U'aves
set on the stalk about one inch below the h.osscmi. The
(ilobe ITower is fiei|iiently found j;rowin;; up throu.nh the
snow.

I'l \l I III

MOINTAIN FIOUKK.-.

I

WATBR-CRESS

■ VMIurlium .,/H,i„„U. Muslar.l ^■.,^lil)

A,|u,,ti, «bhr„us. rno. I,hr„„s, St.m.: M,.ut, h„M„„, rno.in,. „ ,|„
.l«u„,lK.n, 1,.«.^ u.,..: |,i„„a„, |,,rt..„ „,„,„,,„ „, ,,,„,,„ 7„ ;^

intnorovv^ N,.l im|i;;<.,i„us ' l'"'""l'l.' »"'!'•

Surely i, is a lil.H ,„ ,.,1 this plan. A;„/„.,/„,„, ^-huh
s„n,hcs ...^.s.cl n„sc,".nd is given ,„ Water-cress simnly
iKvause we are s„|,p„s..l t„ u,r„ „p „ur p„scs whe„ we a
..s aer„l leaves. Those wh., .„,„„,„ ...^er H.nvers „,„
seldom pause to piel. this insignihcant plan,, whose .lusters
< small w ite Howers grow elose beside, or actuallv ,n. the
sm.ams and pon.,s, and whose only clam, upon o„r attention
lies in the pleasant pimgent flavour of its leaves.

STONY ROCK-CRESS

■ InM, llollnilii. MuM.inl F.miily

l«l.slin«.r,I„,;^,". "'■''•"'''"-■ '"°"'"- "hK—r pinkish. Pr„«:
Growing ou, of a cluster of long.shaped leaves, the .Stonv
R<K^-cress has a tall stalk, up which many tu,y narrow leave;
'I.n*,. I he flowers are small, white, mauve, or pinkish bells
^n.wtn, ,n a raceme. This plant, as its name indLtes, ts^ "
c .d ound ,n vet-y dry, stony places. „ grows from e^^ht

L'h :: 'T '^ • ""' ""''' '^'^ "'"^' --"- -«H«ls,

wnu n droop downwards.

ALPINE ROCK-CRESS

■ Irahis amjiuis. MuM.ird Familv

W III II' ID CKI K\

A |,l.ml >nnie«li..l rv.rml.lin;; . r ll.'ll:i//ii.\m\ ,1-. Il..^u•l^ .iiv
moa' uMitim-a lo ilu; ln|M.I llu- .l..lk Thc> ..re usually »lute

HAIRY ROCK-CRESS

.|,.m, /iii^ul.i \lii,i.n,l I .iiiul;

S..m. .■rv...,K..rh Mm|,l.-....u«l,h,ur^ U.... : in ., r,.-„l,U.- , lu>UT.
,,1 ,U' n. ,|i.,uil,ui-.-|Mrsrll .U-nl.iU- ■■ sk-m Ir.m- p.l^ll^ ll.i^|.llla In .1 I'.r-
a.ur li.iM' Flower. «l.it.-, vh.iII Fruit |...,l- sui, iK .t,-, t. Ium-.u

This i.lani is >-.isils .lisliu^uishr,! Ip.m ihc oiIht U.»U-
ircssos by its h.uiy slalks ami 1

DRDMMOND'S ROCK-CRESS

.(,,;/V, Ihniiiiwn.lll Must.inl l".i;r.iK

Sr.m. m... L«..»: l.."-'"l.i'.'. --'"■"<■ Flower.: |.cl..l~»l"k-.-l
,l,,n, ,„nl,,l«i..'lhL-l.nL;lli"l ll.u mv.iI- Fruit: l"«M.i"->-U ir,-, 1 : m-wN

A hamlsnuK- K-at) s,,o ics nl Unikaruss. very ahumlam
in some lo.iilitius it lis rle. • llat |»i,ls.

WHITE WHITLOW-GRASS

lh.,1., in.aii.i MuM,ir,l |-:aiiily
Sten,,: hn.u.. pul.., .nl, Lea.e. : nl,l,„„.la,Kn.U.,-, iH-arlv ..inn:

Flower.: ,,c-...|. n.,,. lu-.l : s.>k- minuK-, Fruit Is ,K UU'. tu ,Mv<l «lun

,il,,., ,111 shun cri-il |H-iliicU

A iilaiu iiartakiiiK ■>! llie a|i|ieaiaiu c m a ucoil, ami . losely
ix'SL-mhlint,' a white niustaiil.

I'or /). all^iiM an.l /'. .i:ir,;l sro NV-llnu I.. Orail-c Sotimi^

SHEPHERD'S PURSE

;',i/i.,7/,; /.'"<"' A"'"'" Miisl.iul I'-'niiK
Stem,: hr.uuliini; Leave.: ii...stl> ru,idn.,tc-|,i,ma<irul ci.uliuL-, laiu'L-.v
hlf aiiritltd at hast. Flowers: sm:rll. «lii!t.'. in limj; loosi' raermcs .
pi-lals four: sepals lour. Fruit: porls o.lleaH-lria.li;"lar, truncate al.ma.;
seeds ten ,.r twelve in eatli tell. Not indi.i;eu."is.

Dm M\i.,\i,-s K,„ K (111

!^

"',

MOINTAIX FI.OUHKS

This c„mm<m little whitc-flowercd plant grows all over the
"■orkl m temperate .on.s and at various altitudes. Its tiny
heart-shaped seed-purses have amused the children of many
'■""ntnes. It is closely related to Candytuft, to which k
Dears a strong resemblance.

PEKNY-CHESS

niaspi nr-vm,-. .Mu.stard Family

Stems: eri.ct,«lal,rou.s. Leaves: petioled, ol.lanceolate, dentate ■ stem
leaves „bo„«. Flowers: white, pedicel., .spreading or urverup. ard
Fru,,: p.,d., nearl, „rl,i„,lar when ripe, l,r„ad, verv flat, note ed , e
ai>ex, ,„ long racemes: .seeds rugose. No, indigenous. '

Penny-cress very nearly resembles Shepherd's Ptuse and
the eastest way to istinguish Ix'tween the two plants is to
note that while the seed-pods of the latter are triangttl r n
shape, those o, the Penny-cress are nearly round, both being
nou-eaatthetop. Then, also, the leaves differ : thoseof.h
•Shepherd s Purse are deeply cut, and those of the Pennv-
cress are only slightly toothed. '

CANADA VIOLET

Vh.la Camuh-mis. Molet Family
Stems: gI:d)rous, six inches to two feet hi.rl, t ,

back, g,^ ng forth a delicate fragrance, and its tall leafy stems

boartng alo t many blossoms. Usually it is found in the moist

..ssy woods, where it flourishes lu..uriantly ; but it also gro v

all nor ts flowers so large as they are in the shade of the
June until September.

» lii I !■: II) i^i<i:i..\

WHITE CAMPION

.SV/.7/C M.uiitinii. rink l-'amih

Stems: ^luiule,-, In,!,, -.x hra.Kl.ii,- r,«,IM„ik, minutdv pul.L-sicn,
Leaves: liiRMi-„l,l,„ut,.lak-. Flowers: lew, ,m pedictis : calvx iiiHalwl
«ill. ^l,..,■l „l,l„M. ,c.,,|,; |„.,:,K litii, c..x.svi-lc-,i, «ill, a Lroac'llv-aunVlol
il:iu. aii.l lai-w. lliin .|uadn,l,- a|.|iL-iKla^'es, iIk- tlabclkno hilul liladv nill,

a lllUMI- lo.Kll .Ml IMI ll si.ll'

Like many of ilu- Campiniis, ibis mu- is very stirky, and i,
rharactcri/r.l, m < uniindii will, ,,i|,er nicmlins ,,l I'he I'liik
Family, by its slcmlcr slums l)L-in,L; jointo.l and tliu lL.a\cs sl-I
in pairs al Ibr jnims. U f^iv^s niit a faint sweet >,il„ur, and is
usii.dly l.iund yruwinj;- aiiKm- tbu sI.hk-s i,n steep billsides.

NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY

Siltih' iuhl:fl,'t;t. I'mk lainily

Stems: viMid-pubesefm, simple or liraiicllilli;. Leaves: "hmalc, obtuse,
iiarn>«ed into a l.ro:id petiole; upper leaves sessile, ovale, e'

Flowers: few, white, in a lo.ise dieliofimous paniele : lalvx loni;, ■ r,

veined, its teeth linear. Not indigenous.

There is little need ti. describe this plant in detail, sinee its
name alone is siiHieient t(i indicate its chief characteristits.
<'l"sed ti,i;htly against all iiivtisiiin diirinj,' the ilavlime, and
nnly (ipeninf; wide its white slarry l)li,ss(ints to the wooinf;- of
the soft nif^ht wind, this Ctitchfly sentls birth sweetest per.
tiime and lures the crepuscular flies to iheir doom by litst
attraclin,;^- with its scent and its snowiness, and then entrap-
in," with its stickiness those pn,,r deluded insects that hover
o\er its beaut) , enchanted until eiuhained. Thus does the
( .itcbriy protect its nectar from pilfering; insects and pre-
serve it bir the hiitterflies, who, while they sip the .sweets,
carry the |-.ollen from Hower to Huwer and' tbeixdn fertilize
the plants.

I'l mi: \ I

'■'lij,i> Cnu K\\i:i;i)

I'i.Mi: Mil

Sl'UJXf, lll;.li TV

f*

MOINTAIN l-roUKKS

HOCK SANDWORT

:^:z^t:^r' ^••— '-->., .rL;:'\,;:;;;:

A tiny plan, «,,h wl.i.c starry blossom. ,ha, rin.ls a hon,.
en'" \i "''-^ ^" '-■■^'"'"^■'>- '''^"' •••""■"'»■ Th"
ri-(,ions, anil some (if them, such as ; /,/*„., ,i ^.

-.. Have been ro..,,„oo.eetatei::,:^ttX

.-e-:::i:rr;;:s:r:::;ha:i,;^

■Sliililr

STtCHWOHT

' ''■"W'A-.. I'ink Famih-

-void. Seeds sm,«,th. "^''^'^ '"^^^'^"' «R1- "vate. Fr„i,.- capsule

A pretty little floner, with whitish.,.. i
pointed at the o,Kls. »h,t,sh-Kreen leaves, very

FIELD CHtCKWEED

Cmulium „n;;,,,-. Pink K-,,,,]],.

-mose. few-flowered. pe.a.s five^;!,;!;,;"'''"*^^ bracts small. P„„.r..

:jj..«.a::!^-:r^:-':;-^^

J»l>. It ,s frequently called "Star of Bethlehen," 2

\uii 1 1; Id (,i<i i.\

h.is hw snow-white |pi-t:iN, cni li d «l,uli is iluiiii.-(l :it iln;
cil^f. All the Chit kwLvils .uc whitt-, .idcI am.iii^; iliusc lluit
.irv spuiKillv pnplilic- in mountain iL-j;i.ins nia\ bu mcntinncrl
Cilfiiiiivt r.ii: /l,/iiiii,i;i<iiiiim. or A1|iiiil' Cliii kwcc-il, a silky-
haired sjici'ics, with whitisit IcaNus.

stems: v\t-.ik
.1 limsf IMLi-nir

SPRING BEAUTY

i'/,tvl,'lliii u<silil,'liil I'msl.UK' I'.iuiil;
■ |.|i..-ili-. ..1.1,

Cl.isc t.i

1 :l u.htT, Leaves: k'w

.■ ...I sUlKli-r llf.lircK. IhhI.Iiii:;. wllllf.)]- |..|

liv.i n.ili- M'|.,ils: ]n-t:il-. liM' : ^l^ li- tlir.,'-. I.
the siiiiw, in w;imi wet \alle\s

Ftowers;

.il.k M'i
:ll .L|,C-N.

ten tile J line

sunshine has awakened the alpine w.iil.l fn.ni its winter sleep,
ymi will hnd the Spring; Heaiity, and as y.ni st..i.|) t.. gather
it the whole plant (c i.nsislinf; .,( ;i tiihen.iis root ami one stalk
with tw.i leaves upon it and a iluster ol" blossoms at the top)
will inevitably i..nie up in y.)ur hand, so easily does it leave
the ground. X.i sooner does this happen than the petals begin
to iIom:, the leaves to dro.ip, and the stem to grow limp. Ten
minutes afterwards the llower is hopelessly wilted. Whether
white <ir delieate pink, the .S|)rinK Kcauty is always veined
with bright rose colour. There are lew more e.xquisite wild
blossoms on this continent than

■■ These lillle <l|-e.im-fl..«,is i.>iiml ii, .Spriiii;,"

.if which Longfellow wrote in •■ Hiawatha

■■ Where llie tire lliul sm..ke(l .iml smimklernl,
.Saw tile earliest Hciwer ..f S|iri[ii,'-iiiiie,
Saw tile Iteaiity (if the Siirinji-linie,
Saw tile Miskiiileed in IiIii.sm.ih."

Miskihlii;l\s the Indian name for the -Spring Beautv,

I'lAI'l |\

lilHl 111.: A\l I, Sl'IK I

If

mo: m \i.\ I k.u.k.s

WHITl GERANIOM

Stttnt ;

•"l'---^': ■•iMls^.lan.lui.u |,ill„'. ""^ '"'-''^ '■'""'■■ '"-"'^-

I hi-. (aTaniii
inal y it is |
«ilh irh („lut:,- an,l |„h- ll„u,.rs

m is almust invariahh wliili' hut >• .r,.

WHITE CLOVER

/;,;„./,„„, „,^,.„, ,,j,^ ^..^^^_,|^

PlowB.: wlm. „r pinkish uUmJll "''^ordau, ,k-ntici,la,c.

.ecn.ac.„,i,... L. ;;;;.:::^i::;:r^:f !-;:;- '--'■--.

Th,s Common „r ! loneystu kle Clover is widely rlis.nbu.ed
' may be c|„uk]y rea«ni.«l by the fact that the
a «ro. on ,on« s.alks di.eCy from ,„e ro l , ' ;:

staJks. The latter speces is frequently pinkish in h„e
from the rounded hea<ls and sucked ''' ™' '^ "K'^' A""'"--

" ■''""111 "ind.s jnsllc them,
Humble-bees come,
Hover, hesitate,
I>rinl-. and are ^fone."

M

"inn; lo (;kkk\

INDIAN VETCH

■ I 'In,:;,,/,,,, „/..,r,.,„„n,„r I'ea Famil,-

One „f the lest attractive „f the \-etc|,e.s. It has a l„n..
>^.;w root .hich is coHectec, in the spnn, h, the St:::2
t:\.:'r,r"r"'^ '''"'■'• -^^e leaves a. .hitlsh
reas(Mi (,t their darlv-hiied hairy calyx.

ARCTIC VETCH

I'/ii,,,! .h„n,,,„„,. IVa Familv
Stems; crerl, iiearK- ^imulc till ),.-, h- ..,,i i i

A handsonte plant, ^nnvi,,^ one to two feet hi,h, uith n,an^•
1-Ucs. and h,. «h,te-fio«ered heads. I, has no tendrils bt.'t
Krous very stitHj- witi, thick t,pri,d,t stalks

WHITE VETCH

/.;/,;■

Leaves ;

I'l

ainih

■allfts ill thr.v 1,, four pairs, ovak-,
"rilate, entire. Flowers: sfvcil-lD-tcn
-ancl,e,l. Fruit; |.,«k „l,l„i,,,.|;„

Stems; sk-iiiler, trail
ilistiiKliy ptticileil; sti
flinvered, nclirok-ucu.s:
.sfssilf, tiialji-ou.s.

Xo one wan.len„^. in the summer uoo.ls can mistake this
>.2' ^"7- ^Vhi.e Vetch,. hich. rails alon, the «rot

ab.u e shnd,s beside which it .rows. The Howers resemble
tliosL of the common garden {;reen pea.

i'i„\i i: X

I'lAli; XI

MOINIAIN FLOUKKS

WHITE HEDYSASHM

f/.;fys„nn„ hrcaU -..„r. a,l.,j,on.,„. Pea Familv

.JJ;sr::r;:i.^,X-;-"' -

BISCH-IKAVED SPIRiKA

.S>t/>™ luciih. Rose Family

r tw.^11. ine reel woody stems hreit „«■ -.u

snap, and the scent of the flowers^ eZl I ' '""^

travellers will look for it. "'-" ""^^ ™°^'

ALPlire SPIRJEA

Sfmra pecmala. Kose Family

A lovely trailmg plant, its flowers growing to an ,v

stamens. TheLvesI w ^ ' „ th ' "'T' "' '"''"-
large moss, and are deep,; f t; "a i^:rlS Th^'T ^
"f the plant run along the ground; the terns of 2\
are brittle and woody. ^ "'^ ""^^-^

tl'S

I lift
fi' 1

;,,S

UIIITK lo Ckl.KN

CHEEPING RASPBERRY

Kiihii, /<,;/,i/„, |.:(iM. I'amilv

St.™. trailing. ,ilif„n„, ,....,!„« a, ,1,. n,„l.., „„„„.,.„, Leaves: ,n^
"l.u Ic-allcs .,Mu.a„.„l,„vat., incised, scrra.c^ P,„wer,: M,li,,,n „„
l.'llX slender p,,l,„-l.; sepals nearly :;hd,n,„s, enl, re eseee,!!,,.. ,!„. „ ', d
F-uit: lar^e red juiey dmpelels. '^.i-N^e ., tin petals.

A charnii,,;; li„|,. vine thai trnils over tiic rucks ami < re-c|.s
alon;; the ^n.un,!, oc,„n,i„o^ the i,),,ss with its staiT\ tivc-
IK-talled white rinwers, ,„ the centre ol eaeh „f whieh -nnv
many One yell„« -tipped stamens. The k.u es are ,livi,lecl int..
three („r ver> rarel) rt^e) leaflets, ulncl, aie e.-arseh t„„the<l
at the edHes. I he fruit consists .,f a ehister of froni three t..
SIN re.i jniey nl..bules, pressed t<,Kether and hekl in a cup „f
tiny Kieen leaves. The L.n^; lithe stran<ls „f this pretiv <leh-
'ate xnte are n.ost dec.rative, as ntanv white fl.,wers and
s.arlet trims n,ay he Katheied at the same time upon a sin-lc
trailing branch.

WHITE DHYAS

l>iy,i.s n/,:/irl,l/,,. K.ise |-a,niK-

Stems: prostrate, >v,„„ly at the base, hr.t.tel.e.l Leave,: .,hl„„K.„vate,
"..rs ly erenate-,„..,l,ed, ohtn.se at each en.l. ,,„ee,. and ,dal,r.,u.s al,.,ve
densely „d,„e-eanescem beneath, ,he veins prutnn.ent. Flowers: nlnn-
Fruit: phim.ise, tunspicuiins.

These beattttfnl white-cipped Howers Kr..w cl.,se to the
.t,'i"tind, Konerally in dry sandy or rocky places. Thev do
ii.d always have ei-ht petals, as their name wotikl indicate
iHil .nay be found with front si.v to twelve on a single Hower'
Ibe name /);;,„,,■ i.s from the Latin, si:jnifvin^ "a wood-
mmph.' and certainly the velvelv petals of this <laint^ plant
Ki-'.winK amid a mass of siber-hacked leaves, are sufficientlv
e'.vqiiisite to warrant the appellation

'Nil

Ml

I'lATK Mil

'I

Ai.i-iNi: Samkkam:

MOl M.MN IKAMikS

43

WILD STRAWBERRY

/■'nti;ilf/,t i;/,itf<,r kiis,. I'.iiiiiU

8t.m.: runninx, and f„rminK ".■« |.l..„lv L..,..: luftol fr„m ll,. r,„„
V, lou» „ube,c.„, w„h ,|,r.a,lin„ ha,r,, l„„„,,.,i„|„,. |„,ta.-„d,-,rifolia,e
leaHt-ts oval, „l,tu.,t, ,la,uw, ,|,e „n„i„al „„. ,„n.ate. Flow,r.. „f Hvc-

iTa'v ■'' TT' T'^ ",'"' """'""'"' '""''^'^""' ^"'' «"'"»"' «!-—
leaves. Fruit; red, oviml.

Nearly every „ne will easily reccKni/e the l,l„ss„nis of the
H'll.l Strawberry plant. " D„ubtle.ss G.hI e„ul,l have n a,le i
better berry, but chniblless G„<1 never <li,l." Thi. Is e<|ually
true „f the fragrant scarlet fruits ,m the m.,uiUaui side as of
tneir cultivated cousins in the fjar.lcn.

mi

TALL CIMQUKPOIL

I'Klenlilln ar,;ul„. I<,,.,e Kaniil;

St.m.: erect smut, sim|,le helmv. Le....: .seven.„.eleven foliolate
leaflets male, obtuse at ,l,e .a,,ex,_.l,e terminal one cuneate, the others
roun.led at the base. Flow.r.: cym. stricl, close: caly.x densely puheseenl.

Cinqiiefoiis are very numerous in the mountain regions
and somewhat rei.-mble buttercups. The Tall Cmquefoil ij
a fine showy plant, its white flowers j,'rowinji in a i luster and
having five petals ; the stalks are hairy and have many leaves
growing up them. See also page 276 in the Yellow to Oran-e
Section "

COMMON SAXIFRAGE

•^itxi/m^i^a hroihhtalis. .Saxifruj,'-

liK

Stems: one t., „.x ,nches Idfi;!,, ascendinK, s.cder, producini; short
branch ets. Leav .., ; coriaceous, lanceolate, mucronate, sessile, will, a
broad base hneiy ciliale. Flow«.: few, in an open corvmb on slender
pedicels; petals oblonjj, white, marked with red spots

Frecjuently the traveller will find immen.se rocky slopes
literally covered with the pretty little blossoms of this Sa.vi
frage, which may easily he recognized bv the brisdit red snots

4»

"lllli: Id (;ki-,k\

"a. mark ,|, ,uc wh„c ,,c,,,lv 1, ,, ;, |„„ .^„„„,„,^, „ ,^,,

iHH,,„.„.,aiu>..i.i,,,,,.....,,,,,,.,, ,,,,,„,,, 4^^^;;^;

>c,i.K n„u h l.ranc IK-.I :„„l ,v,i,lisl, ,„ ,„, j ,,, „„^ „^,„.„^^,

-v.. arc ^.,> M,H, ,„,,.v,l, ., ,„„Hcal,|o d,ara„JnMi, „f
"'>"l'"i^'Pl."U,s„.n,„l„a„„v Tin. name ,.>ler,v„l from

' I > V,v./„„/, hcan,. „ ,r„u. s„ ,hukK ,n , ho .roues
"I 'h^- .'.K ks ,l,.„ „ ,. s„|,|,„se.i ,„ .lis.nta.ra.e them b, i„
|,'r„«.h. All ,he .Sa.v,lra«vs are nuu h M.s.u-d hv flies'an.l

■•Si.irn' l,s. III,- ,l,l(-l,i„„ viil,|.|i,,„i., s

:;xisk-IKV, lll.lll ll.C «i„r;i.,| | ,) „||,|,.ri-,

Tllilt Milks ils sWffls ■■

-'iiiN to tnjoy

NODDING SAXIFRAGE

■'"" <'"{«,'" "'"/«,(. Saxi/ra),"- lamilv

St™,: tall, sl„„l..r, «h„i,„„,s L„v..: alRTnau., ha.sal ones |,.,ioIe,l
l.n.a.lly r«,,f„r„,, „al„,a,.ly ,n .-,„-„.„.„ |„|,,,|: „, |,,,es ™ le

.nnre, ,.s.,l., hrac-lik., wi,l, m,.,II ,,.,I .,„I1,R.,s i„ ,1h .„;. p,„„ '

Tiiinal, iKidilinK. r">wer«, ur-

A creamy-wh.le Hmver, n,„re rare than n.anv „f i,s sister
>axitraKes, an<l Kn.winj; frotn t„v,r t,. eiKlit inches high The
iraveller w,II at „n,c be strnek by the little bright re.l bnlbs
Ihat Krow ,n the axils, where ea.h upper leaf is attached ,„
the stalk ; ami by this characteristic, as well as by its lower
palm-hke leaves, the No.l.linj; Saxifrage mav be rea.lily known
U grows among the rocks at very high altiuules

LYALL'S SAXIFRAGE

s.rxi/ni,;,, l.yallii, S.cxilr.i-v l.iiiiilv

S e„.: «l.i ,„,us, ,,„,,,, „,,pi„„ „|,^,^„,^,|^ \,r^,,,x,,,y j_,„„. „|,„,^„
a Me,,,,,,,. l,d„„ ,„ a n,.rj;i„«l |>.,i„lc, carsely .o,.,!,«l a, the s„„„„i,
P.ow„.: n.n,,en,u„ calyx par.c.l „. ,he has.: petals r,.„„<.-„b„va,..; fila:
nH„,s flat. Frul. : e,,|,,„|e „„u,,, „„, „ ,„,,^, . ,,^..,^^

I'l \ 1 1: Mv

J.

\'i.\ii: \\

■\"n\l.\|\ FI.OUKKs

'-y"|-« Saxifrage o^kI T U Sn T" '"" """''"' """'^b'.
particular plant. ili--torniinin{; a

-1. The <;:i^"S;i":;';^'-""'^"' --'--..,.,„,

»p-:.i<iisti„,.,ish„;tl;:^ir^',"""T'"""r'"-^ "■"'"■■ ^^

i" nun.K.r, which cl^e "h L T "l"''' ''""" "' '""'■

cluster, and are reel w t ' "'".™""'^- "' ^■^«'> rt"»^T in a

reel, uit,, very pointed beaks

TALL SAXIFRAGE

.SV'..v>^v,,„ .,„,,„„„ Saxifrage Fnmily
Stems; lall, erect from i rir«l,, i

Leaves; cuncate, »pa,„; .^^ ^.r: •^; "^'"i""-^') '--I,., ahove.

'1--^ I'^'lais. Fr„it: beaks red, ert' "'"'""^ ''^'^■^"'' ^'^ '""*-' as

I.ai;™u"1u:';,:;:,^-';:''"''^-'''-"-P'a.Uthan
t" -Khteen inche WW an ""l'''"*^' *^""'"« f^""' ^

l'l'-o„,s,eachw,h7ln2 '"■" ""' '"'"> ''">' "I'*'-

<"• the blade. T e ."''"'"'" '" '""' ^'"" ^" "-' '"--■
f--thecentreo ,i^ „r:"'';^'^''="'"^'^-'^'
'-■r. ^.n^shaped, aX ; ~^.^'r^"- ;^^^^^
•"Vrtiish the Tall Sa.vifraKe fr ,m v 1 ,'"' ''"' '''"

"bich in the fori.u.r nr " ' '''"'''' ''> ""-' '^■■'ves,

l^"il»-s ,rowin, bebn!:";^^::;!^ " ''""'^"'> "^'^ ^'™"

"inih; lo i,i<|.:i:\

ALPINE SAXIFRAGE

S,niji;if^„ :■':,,/:,, S,i\ilr,i;,-i> r,niiil\

Stem.,: ~iv i,„l,.s l,i^.|,, ,is,i,l.|,„l,,.,,,„, „i,|, |,„ ,„. ,„, ,,„,,,
Leaves: nv .„u. ,K„Tn„,,| i,,,,, :, ,„,r„i„,,l |,,,i,,K. f|„„„, ^ „ i,,,,.^ j„ _^
i"rii|i.ut duMir. Fruit: l.illiclc.s .in .ix'inl. iHiiplc-ivd

A |>l;iiu which -n.us al L-\irunu-ly hi-li iiliiiu.lcs, as wcl!
as ..II \hc |.,uxT ni.,umaii, sI.,|,l-.s. It, i.,.,. has :i rlustor (,l
it'.-ivcs al the base, n.iin.lol an.l t....thc.l at the t..p ami iiar-
nnvin.^' il,,un shaiply t.,uanls the n„it. The l],.vvei-s :;|-.,w
in haiuls.,i,ie cinpael heads, and the stalks, ustially Mtiite
l':ne . ,| leaves, are feddish and n,>t strai-ht. Tile seed-i«,ds
afe plii|)le-red and spreading',

LEPTAHHHENA

/..-/•/.irr/i,;,,, /n-r,./,r,:/i,!. ,S.LsilV:i-t. F.imily

Stems: MX ,„ „i„,„ i„,|,cs hi«h, ,i«i,|, „i,|, ,„„ ,„ ,,„, ^,„^|, |,.^^.^^

11 1 >l.e.,tl„i,i; |..l,.,l,.s. Leave,: .,h,nak-, carsdy .sfrr.ilf .,h„Vf tlu-

.".1. k, a.lciu,,,!. hel.,« ,„ ., .I,„r,.,vii,);.d |,,,i„l,, which is ,iil.i,«l and

sheaalm,^ .„ , ,. has.. p,„we„: ,„,„„r„„s, i„ hn„.,.,| panieulale vaecmc-s :

|.uals t,»,,„„r.,i„„.a,, „lm. : e.ilyx cai„pa.u,]a,e. Fruit: .arpels purple.

A very han<is„me plant, with el.,seK' ehistere.l H.iwcr.heads
;.nd thak j;i,issy lea^es. In .see.l it is remark.ible tor its ri.h
l-urplcred appearan.e. It ^r.,„s i„ .p.antities „ear manN
alpine streams.

TEHIMA

T, llhn.i ;^i,ui,lijl„i,i. ,S:i\ifra^L. I':niiilv

St,™ l,ispi,|.p„l„M,,„, „„,„ ,,,„„ ,„„,,, ,„„„„„,^.,

i.mlale, ll,rcv-l,^,„ne l..l„;,l, i„:,r,tH .„.,il,..,! ,„, .n.,,,,, , ^.

er.,n,e,„™,r, „i,,, n,s.pi„k ,„a,-,h,s, .,„ „„. ^ [..h,,,,, J;:^.

a > V th, k, .,vl,„.,.K..,us, „„1, ,„rhi„a,. „„,. :„„, „|,„,,, „„„,„,,, ,,^,..,
I.ihes, M,Halc',l: p.ijl, l.u inialelv ,„l i„„, lili,,,
l)el..« 1, 1. 1 sli,„, ,!,,„.

■.■umciils, iiarniwfil

i'i..vii; .\\i

I.'.. ..... ,. ' ' '' ■'" •

ilU.M.I.I) (Jli.VS-,

•'■ l'.U(N,SMS (/•.,.*„..„,/„„/.,,.,/.„

I'l \ M \\ II

«'ili' l'v.,„i ,

r

MOIMAIX KLOUKKS

55

A plant that is ca-,!) rcchnized l)v means ,.f its long
stalks, bearing numcT.iu.i r.mn.i cream-coloured or green blos-
soms, which are set closely against it. their edges rose colour
and deeply fri„gcd. It grows from one to two feet high and
has quantities of foUage, the leaves being large, rounded, and
lobed, with Hne white hairs standing up all over them

FALSE MITRE-WORT

Tmit-lhi iniij„l,„i„. Saxiiraj;e Family

Stemi: slender, spreading from running r(X,lslotk,s. l,,,,,. simple
cirdale, acute, obscurely five-lo-seven lobe.l on long fine peli,.les'
Flower.: numerous, in a narr(,« panicle; calyx cleft to near Ihc base ■
petals live, filiform , stamens ten.

The tiny feathery flowers of the Kalse Mitre-wort are found
in great quantities in the mountains. Their large heart-
shaped leaves appear to carpet the ground about three inches
above the soil in the localities where they abound, and their
great white masses of delicate bloom ha\e earned for them
the name of " Foam-Flower." The Latin name Tmrrl/a means
"a little tiara," and refers to the shape of the capsule, while
unifotiala refers to the one leaf on the finwer-stalk.

TRUE MITRE-WOKT

Afitel/ii Hrniirri. S.ixifrage F'amily

Stemi: puteccnt with brownish hairs. Lea«.; round-cordate, three-to-
five lobed, toothc.1. Flow.r. : small, green, in simple spicale racemes ; calvx
short, campanulate ; petals pectinately pinnate, with filiform pinn.i-a. '

The True Mitre-wort is one of the few absolutely green
flowers that grow in the mountains ; it derives its name of
Antclla, or Bishop's Cap, from the form of the seed-pod. It
differs from the False Mitre-wort, (iist, in that its blossoms
are much more fragile and green, and secondly, in that it is
more leafy and is covered with tiny hairs.

I

IP

"Illll. II) .,i;l I A

ALUM-ROOT

//,■/„/„,„„:•„/„„/„ s,,s,lr.,., |.-,„„i|,

Sttmi: M\ 1,, ,.i;,|,|,.,.„ |,„|,^.^ . , ,

'i.-n.„... Flow.,.: «r,.,„„|,.,„,„„ ,;, .h : ^ ''7" '"■">•• ' ""!■"-■.

'■Mi".lri..,l, ,„„ „, ,„„r i,„|,,, I,,;, ,. ■,-,;' "■"""'■■' I'-'"" I'-. -I'iWliU,

"r H"n<' Fruit : s.r.U lii,,,,, i "' ■ "!'■'" ''■"^' : I'L'taU iilii,, nil

ll-'M-l^M,! is iisualK |..„n,l i„ vcn ,ln Mnnv „l „
,■ , ,.:., • "" '"^'■'••"•'^^;;ivna,„l ,. Iili.h.

""""'-'"'' "'"' »-y "'-v^ins. It Is a P.;,,!,- r ,

II nni an

MARSH GRASS OF PARNASSUS

■111-. |K-|Mllt(l,„l,lu

■i( tl,,. 1 . I '"-."^. lit It .11 Letvea

Why "(irass, ami win -..a n

tx.tttiinjiK nnsiiiiahlo iianif, |,„ th.. (-,-,. .■

:::-•::: :::::,;:::2r:: - «'""'-;-

II th,. Iv, , m.irkttl, ami ntmifroiis siani,-,,. ..niui,,,.

.-~:t;::;:i?:i-t;;:::-.-,f.i..S

\''-''''Hn-.,.,,sion,l„nn,,hen,onth,,,J ; V "^
i'^' v.Kctv DotiM nf ,h ,' • '"^"''1'^ It was

Km.,-s„„ L !"k "" '" '-'""^^"^ "-• —1

•■ Win N.-uurt |,„^,^ „,,, „^^,^^f^^,^ |-, ^
A">l "l.l lllf M.ir l„r,i, sli,. r,.,„,„,'>-

I'l Ml: .will

MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART

iANSIond ISO TEST CHART No. 2)

A APPLIED IM/^GE Inc

^j^5 (^'*') *82 - OJOO - PHone
^S C'e) J88- 59B9 - To.

«^' T.

*^-^

■N<'iirfi!:n\ Hkustkau

Mi'i MAIN I i,;n\i:Ks

the star-fcrm nrc l«,ih .spccKillv o,..s|„,,„,us

f-..- , h„,.,..su., al.o very ..„,„„.„ ,„ ,„.,;„ |j;,^.,
--n^ . e mn.,n,a,ns. h H„sdy ,cscn,hlcs ,hc plan, aLcadv
-M,hc. . hu, n,ay Iv dearly <lis,in«uishcd l,„„, ,,, hc-aus^.
the ,,etaK are .on^puaionsly Irin^e.l ...var.ls ,he base an.l
nave hue marf^inal hairs.

/'. K,.l:.l,„c,. „r Alp,ne Crass of I-arnassus. is a linv spe-
' les, only a leu nuhes hi^h, an.l is fo.n.l a, great altitudes.

WILD PARSLEY

/.i,^li>lni,m apiif\,lii,m. I'arslu>- |-,imi|y

A beautifnl plant, havinj, fine «h„e flower-heads and
decorative feni-like foliage.

COW-PARSNIP

Ilcritflniiii /fiiiiiliim. I'ars'c; I'jmilv
Stems: very ..loul. t<.mf,„„.sc.-|„,|„...™nl. ri^nd. Leaves • „vti„]„l „.,-
M..>rpl,- .sern,,. po„„lcs ,m,d, i„,ia..<l. P,„we,s: un.bvls „.,„v-r.. "'i

}!nwla,m. from the Greek na„,e of Hercules ,s an e.xrel
lent designation b.r ,hrs |„,ge Coud'arsnip, wh.ch anion-
plants ,s certainly a veritable hero for s,ren,1h an.i s,..r
reciuently growing to a height of eight feel. Its hu."-J
leaves and great dusters of white tlo>vers, oft.,, m.-asurin.-
.1 loot across, are very showy, an<l once seen will alwa\s
be remembered. The plant has an e.Mrcmdy nastv sn,ell. ' '

6j

"iiiii; lo i,ki:iA

BUNCH-BERRY

Stems, itcu Leaves: Mrii.illuc ii ih,.
■>.il. imiM.ltdv v.-i,KHl, .„ur,. ,, '

•Mowers; Lilvcriish

.ipiuite'. Fruit; ml, l;I,iI,i,m..
A Mcn.lcr t„„^h st.m Ik-;,,,,,^ . nrrl. „M,„„ ,„ live ,.v ,1
■' -"Sterol „,.,,„.,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,^,.^,^,^,,,,^^^,,,^^^,^,^_^^^^^^^^^

:"" '";""""' "'""■ '"-'s. Mul, ,s ,lK. Hunrh.lv,-n n',.
''f'"-'""''^' "'^"" "'■ <'"<! -cn„lK..v n, ,he„„es,s; I,
■■'" suri.nse n,anv .n.vcllr,^ „, K-.n, „„, •,,,, |„velv while

"r^"'^';''-''^!-'-'^. l"'''-ly,l,el,,a,,sene,,vlin,,l,e
»Le -leen flouers in t|,e eelili-e.

W-heii Uiese «hi,e l,n,e,s have fallen nfl, each Hower-hea,!

'l-vlop. Hllo a huneh of small searlet hemes, m™ uhieh l|,e
si)eues derives its eimim,,), i,an,e.

leaves: in l„„rs,li„,.,r,;„,„„ ,,,^^„, ,
">^l">-tl"«u-c.l in s,„,,ll ,■„,„„.,,, ,-,,„,„

NORTHERN BEDSTRAW

'""'""" '■'"■•■". M.i.l.l,.,- F.nnil,

Stems: MlK.rth, liniiuliwl, U-aiv
ia Ifnuiaal ]J.lnii.]e,s, d
Fruit: liisj)i(l.

The \„nher„ liedstiau- may he .hstin..,ished h^ the faet
..KU Its tiny nan-,™- leaves ,n,«. in envies „f f,a,,;„„„| ,„,
s -ms. It ,s a plant heann;; n,any small white Hnuers „,

eWei. an, the seeds are twin hurs, e„vei-ed uath nunienais
h .oke.l hristles, hy means of whirli Hkt elin^^ t„ the clnth.n..
"f the passer-hy and the fur ,.f animals.

Sir J„hn Krankhn in his h„„k ///,■/■„/,„• .s„,. desenbes
this plan, as hein. used hy .he Indians as a vegetable dve

hey eal 1. .v,:e,-,„„, ami after h,,,hn^ the r„„ts thev mix
the 1 quid with the juiee „f ,t,awherries and eranhernes
and thus ,,htain a beautiful seailet dve.

I'l \i i; \\

I'i \l I. Wl

^^ 111 1 1 A^n-K

iiiK

^"""■' K, .. ..,„.■ r„„^l,„,.,| o. ,i,„. ,

'•"«1) •■>al; |.,-,i,„Hk., sl,.„,i,.r ,..; „,l ,,, m' '•-•"^"-

"f"" lluL.chr,u,.l,v,l |,c,|,,,.L p .. ■ ;■"" •'^'"•"> Flower, in ilia-es,

T, , M'^'lH.K P,u„: ll.^|.,.l, « ill, |,„„k...l hairs

luroll-, \, ,1) , , '"'^"' "' '"''I' I'^ivc ;, lour-l„k.,l while

-rlU A .dlunu.lnu c.p.uallyu hen, innl., his , ,!..,,,, h
•' '•""-'^^' '"I""'- rc^emhlinir that ,,t vinill., i, ,

l"l«i ami „v ,,,v ,. 1 '',".'" ''"""•'■ lis seeds are tu„.

'"■-'—-'- --v:.h^;:::;;j';:-:-^

sterna :

WILD HELIOTROPE

i,vmosc,paiii(.i,lau,ni,,rc,,rl,.s,,l;n, i ""i^'""'. ciilire. Flower.:

l-he f"iin«e of this plant IS .K r;7' r ""

-"KHvei,,ea,«i,,ss,,ana,.aheat:i;;;n, . r.;:::!^

The nK„-,„ns of these leaves a,e entire.-.hat; ,

'-i-n..nshe.u.o,.,:\';;;r;:^:::;--y|;.-^-...

■hei. e^trente,;?,,,:"::;/^""- "^ '"'^ '"^'^-i- '^

» III 1 1, lo c,Ki;i;.\"

WHITE ASTER

//;//,;/«, 1 ,„ii|„,„i,. I ,

Sterna: lnislu, l.r.iii. lir.l Lei
U|i|..l-m.i~l |..i,,iiii; iiil., iiiM.lii,!

lUM.I~

ill. linear, rmii,-, .,1,1,,^., ■.,■^^ill■,
' Flowers: in ditisi-K i tovmIciI

IIU'M' .h.linini;; iiltlr .\sloi.. Willi |1k-,1 uliiti- ,;n, ;,|„|

yrlluH , rniivs, Mil- (|iiiic immisuikaljlc, iinci lli, ,11^11 ,.:i, h „,.
iluiiiu.il ll.iHci Is Mliall. scl iJK-y ^um in Mii h hir-L- cIciimI>.
Hnwc'TX'ii wanil-, Uku Ih.'s |.rv«-iu a very liaii.ls,,iiK- aiipcaian, e
The stiff narruu- leaves -inw all llie way ii|. ihe stalks ainm,:;
the hl,,ssnms. The llower is usually t,,uii(l in ven iliy saiuly
plan's,

. / ,l/fl,l,L<.ur .\l|iine Aster, is an.ither speeies v er\ al)iin,l,nu
in the innuntains. It ;;i,,ws at f;ieat altitmles ami' has Hully
whitish leaves ami white iir pale pink ll.iwers.

CAISY FLEABANE

/•,'(■<;,•'■""' 1 "'"A"""' f.,m|i..siic l-'.imilv

Stems: slmrl, (k.|is,;ly lc:ily Leaves: l',lM-sli:i|,i.,| in uulliiiu |):irlfd im.>

linear spalnlal.- l„l,es ,,1,1; pelioles: herlM«e liirsnte ,i„,l ratln-r lis

eululous Flowers: rays lorn t,, sixiy, «l,ia. : disk-Hmvcrs yell.m.

This Kieabane is \eiy like a lal■^'e common ilaisv, fur it has
many white rays ami a hi- yelh.w eentre. Most ,',i its leaxes
Krow (Hit from the base, and are nnieh eiit anil r|uile fern-
like. It is found at an altitude of 7000 feet, and especially
aloni,' the ed^e of f,'laeial stre.uns, Ihoiifjh it throws also on the
lower alpine me.adows.

I he most ronspictioiis ditferenee between Asters and Klea-
banes is that the latter have very numerous narrow rays,
while the rays of the former are slightly broader and mm h
fewer in number.

!■! Ml \MI

i'l im V i:\ I III vsi IN,,

I

I'lATK Will

t?f

MOINTAIN FI.0\M:RS

WHITE EVERLASTING

.liitcnitaiia raceiiKKsti. C()tnp().silt' Famih

Freely surculose by 1™,^, slender, sparsely-leafy stolons, liKlnlv woollx .
Sterna: bearing; numerous racemosely-disposeit heads. Leaves:' broadly
oval, acute at each end, densely lomentose beneath, green and glabrous
above; involucre canipanul:,te ; bracts Kreen. Flowers: slaminate and
pistillate heads white-tipped.

Eveiy traveller will recognize tlie Kverla.stings at a glance,
with their dry, crackling little tlowers and partially, if not
entirely, .silky whitish leaves ; the only difficulty lies 'in decid-
ing to what species any particular plant belongs.

The easiest way to distingtiish the White Everlasting is by
the loose separate fashion in which its flower-heads grow',
just a few on each little stalk and none of them binl'ched
together ; whereas the A. Ho-M-Ilii, or Mouse-ear Everlasting,
has very closely ckistered flower-heads and much more silk")'
leaves. The leaves of both these plants are woolly and white
underneath and smooth and green on the top. The fertile
plants are taller than the sterile plants, and the little heads
of fertile florets are set in green cups, their snow-white silky
tufts gleaming in the simshine, while the staminate florets
have rotmder, whiter scales'

A.pan'ifolia, or Mountain Everlasting, has leaves that are
white and woolly on both sides, and its florets are perfectly
round in shape.

For A.fan-ifolia var. rosea see the Pink to Red Section.

A. lamta, or Alpine Everlasting, is a tlwarf species growing
close to perpetual snow, and is found at the great altitude »{
8000 feet. It has very white and woolly stalks and many tiny
leaves that arc white and woolly also.

This plant somewhat resembles the Edil-Miss of the Alps,
and is the nearest approach to that famous flower to be found
on this continent. The name Antonuria refers to the long
brown anthers, which resemble the antenna; of some insect.

74

"Hn>: TO (;ri:i.;\

PEARLY EVERLASTING

c JS^V'; '""' '"' "" "" ^^-^'-'">«^. "-i if picked a,Kl

rcfu ^ Kept m a vase, will remain fresh lookin,. f,' r months

Its finuers are lar^^e, sli,^htly svveet scented, and pearly while'

^.Kl are „„en used for funeral wreaths ; as if ,o !^. ^ '

"Tliey .ii-L- lmc\ licst j;ift,
lilirif; flwviTs— pale tloivtrs."

YARROW

yl,/,M;, l,„„il„,,i. (•„mi,„.,ite l-amily
Stems: simple, or corMiihnsi-K- ),i-,.,,-K ) i

"I"-., bipi„L,e,y diss^;:irt o : : ,:':::ii T'^' r^™^'^-

F..w„a: in ,u,n,er„us „en,ls cr„„,|ed ZTZ^^ ""'^'""^■

A plan,, or ra.Vr wee.I, so eon,n,on that everv chiUl knows

t^ larse whue and pinkish flower-heads and recognises te

cl-agreea le ptingent odour of its lace-like leaves. U of '^

canec'^Mdioil -front the abundance of its frn,,ed^,;L!^"

The \ arrow must unquestionably be of ancient origin for

cWsits name Wc..«.rr.., Achilles, w.ho,sst,;i
ha e n.ade an o„„n,ent front it wherewith to heal his
wounded warriors after the siege of Trov.

OX-EYE DAISY

a,.y:.,„„lu;,:,„„ /.,■„,,„„/„■„ :,„,. Co,„p„.i,e F.i,mly

Stems: «ial,roi,s, simple, tW brandies neariv treei i ' ,
">*.;.«. co:,rsely ,le„.a,e: s,en,.le:,ves sessi, ar dasprHn "'■^'

.peduncles, rays twenty lo thirty. .Nm indiKenm,.s.

I'l ATK .\\|\

4l»

lJ.\-i:n: Daim-

I'l.Aii: wv

'IS

\\"inii: IU:.\ \\i

MOUNTAIN KLOWKKS

79

RotrT Z7 '^'•^ "T "'"^ •'•-' "^^'-- "f '"<= "-"y. from

" "^"^ '""«'<='«. crimson-lipped flower,"
to Bliss Carman, .he clever Canadian writer, who tell» how
" Over the shoulder, and slopes of the dune

I »aw the white daisies gu down to the sea _
A host in the sunshine, a snow-drift in June
1 he people tiod sends us to set our hearts free,"

maltle tt!"1 " '""""^^ "''' "'^ ""^ O^^y*' ^^-^'es that

PASTURl WORMWOOD

Arlemuiafrig;^, Composite Family

ce.r";;™:^:^:::;::'^:'^^--'^.. .ivery all over, herba-
divided into linear crowded lobes Z»"'" '""="''>■ "' ""'-^'y
posed heads in an open panicle globuUr """^ """■"*'>■ ''■■^

All the Wormwoods possess a very stromr ,,Mn„r k

of which they may be easily recSi^r^Ms ^e.^r^:!

SsZr'H'f'T '"""' ^^°"'"^ "^''f-^'y ™ '- ea y

bris:tL'';oS\::^rirt"^^-''-

smell as the silvery species. '"*''"' "•'""""■^■

.nrfir *"'"""• "' ''''""'" '^"■■""■vo.xl, has also green foltaee
and ts numerous greenish florets grow i„ clnsterfin the axul'
where the leaves join the main flower-stalk. *

«()

"Hill'; K) (;ki;i;\

PALM-LKAF COLTSFOOT

Stfiina: .s
Floweri: in

Leaves ;

ii|""il>.- I'.iniilv

■IM()-L-lf\<-ii
■ hi'iu-.itli.

"rliiiul.ir illiiiMlilU',(li'i'|ilv >,
ami Kl'ilirmis alj„n-, ,li-riM-ly «liiic i,mu'„i
I ra.sti{;iatc paiiidf,

'I'hc ehi.'f (listincticm liclwwn the (liflVn.-iit specii-s of Cr.lts-
fo"t Ik's In the sh;i|>c .,f their respeetive leaves. Those cf the
Palm-leaf Coltsfoot are exactly like a lar^e pain, leaf, while its
blossoms are white ami very fragrant. The Hower-stalks ore
thiek and jiiiey ami eovereil with small narrow leaves. It has
silky-haired seeds like a dandelion.

/'. m^ilt,U,i,>,i Arrow-leaf ( oltsfoot, has hii^e leaves with
two very marked piinted l,,l,es at the hase. Its flower-hea.ls
fjrow eompaetly at the top of very st.nit stalks, and are white
and fragrant.

l'-f>-i;<''<>h or An tie Coltsfoot, has few blossoms, a sealy
stem, ami very irregularly lobe.l leaves. The foliaj^e ..f all the
Coltsfoots is -reen and sm.H.th on the top, and while and
W(Killy underneath. They are coarse iniinterestin^' plants.

WHITE THISTLE

( III, it\ i-ri,h-fplt,tlus. Composite Faniih'

Stem.: loosely araclmoiil-woolly, very leafv. Leave.: pinnatifid into
nunu-r,,.,, crowded, prickly, short lobes. Flower.: sessile and crow.le.l inio
a leat-sulncnded nodding glomerule.

The flowers of these white or cream-col.iured Thistles are
snrroinided by a mass of narrow prickly leaves and are lari;e
and handsome.

WHITE HEATH

C(is.u)'/>t- Mtitcnsiaiia. Heath Family

Stem.: rather Mout, rif;id, ascending with fastiKiate branches, low-
growing. Leaves: glabrous, carinate, and jiol furrowed on the back
imbricated in four ranks: corolla tive-lobed.

I'l Ml \\\|

83

MOLNTAIN ll.UUKRS

The beautiful white iiKiuntain Heath {jnius alninclai.tly at
high altitudes and is much prized by travellers. Its branches
appear four-sided by reason of the manner in which the tiny
leaves -row on them, and from these branches slender stalks
are sent forth bearing at their tips waxen niKlding bells, each
composed (]f a five-lobed corolla with a small green calyx.
" Meek dwellers mid yon tcrror-lrickcn cliffs,

With Ijrow.s so pure, and incense-breatliinj; lips,

Whence are ye? Did some white-winijed messenger,

On Mercy's missions, trust your timid ;,'erni

To the cold cradle of eternal snoiis;

Or. hreathinj; (m the callous Icicle.s,

Hill them with tear-drops inir.sc ye .- "

WHITE FALSE HEATHER
Hiynn/lnis f;/iui,/,i/(fi,>n,.<. Heath Family

Stems: rljjid, fastigialely liranchetl. Leayei.- numerous, i rowdcd, but
somewhat spreadhiR, linear-oblonj;, obtuse, narrowed at the base to a
short petiole. Flowerj : corolla short-lobed, j.''d)rous.

The flowers of the White Heather are like little fat cream-
coloured bulbs, with a tiny o]3cning that is lobed. Its leaves
are longer and more sjireading than those of the Heath, near
which it usiiall}- grows.

GKEEN-PLOWERED WINTEHGREEK

Pyrohi ilihinintha. Heath I'amilv

Stem.; three-to-ten flowered. Leaves: .sm.all, orbicular, coriaceou.s, not
shinmj;. Flowers: iioddin;;; caly.v-lobes short, ovate, acute; petals very
obtuse; .stamens deelineil : anthers distincti, contracted below the open-
m^s, with beaked tips; style declined, and curved upwards towards the
ape.v, longer than the petals.

This I.ily-of-thc-Valley-like plant is fotind in the dry woods
among the moss, and always in the shade. On a tall, slender
single-bracted stalk grow ntimeroiis little nmlding gre< nish-
white bells, five-lobed, with yell.iw-b.owi, stamens and a long,

.So

*^iim: TO (,K|.:|,:\

l""'nulinH,«Tccn style- tlwt is i,„val ^r.ls at the ■„„.. ,„ ,

U.own, a dus,e,.t the base, ,,.,,..,,,,,,,, „,,,,,,,
'■'"" '"';"'"^' n-ts. Ilhasasli.hts„ve,,„|„„,-,an.i inn,,;

f" thc^uv„m|,a,n,nj, ilh,strat„.„. Fla,,. XX\-I[. this (lav,,,
-u.ed U,,ner,roe,, is sh,,„nMo,ethe,. „.ah /^,,,„.^^^^^^

I'ink t.) Red Seitinn.

I'""" "f "liii'Ii is ,:;ivcn ill the

ONE-SIDED WINTERGREEN

l'y,„l„ „■,„„,/„ m,,||, |,|,,^.|^.

Stems ;

"v:Uc. nio.stly ihin.

d:;;:-::;::r';''''"-''-'^^''™'"'^''---- -■»-- ^

'■'"r-r- •'-■'-' --■--«'-.-::t-rx;::;r

Y^ >'7^ 1"'-'' ''--ten, ,,r the <,nc-si,le,l \Vi„tc,-,,ve„
"'"l-l-ndereet, h,Uast!,edays,.assan,ltheHt,lel„„|s
; -.'^-.t , UK. sen„,dn.ee,,,e,,e,,ds ,,,,».,- ,,,,t
> -l.Yi.H-e.,lly,l,nvn«.ar,ls, The fl„we,-s, which all^nnv .,„

■ -le,,Mheste,,,,a,e,,,-ee,,ish.whitei„h,,e,a,,d,;el,,,,
>.U^,.n.n,„es,a,„ev„„d the petals The leaves ,n.. at .^

! „ ' ' """■' "■^'^' "" "- ^'-"^ "•'-■h i^ f.-eo„e„tlv

l)raited al)n\e

SMALL WINTERGREEN

Pvr.ua

lliMlll Fiiniili

Steins: >'t'\i-ii-tn-sixie(.'Ti Itiiw.T.'fl t^ i- i

n...^.. n„„di„«. ca,y,.,„„es .ria„«„,., ov.u. rjl';, l!;;:, J':;:;- '-

citnllH""' """ ''"""'' '""'"^ "' Wntet^reen. fou„d pr,,,.
c.palh near running uater, antl whieh has whiter bells than

I'l.Aii': wviii

MULNTAIX i-i,ihvi;ks

.So

either of the tw<, prcedin^' fninis. It nvM ;Uwa>s be ,lis-
tin-mshal from other Pyrolas, even in b.ul, l,v the fact that it
has a short style, which does not protrude beyond the petals
of the lobular blossoms. A slifjht fragrant scent emanates
from Its waxen bells.

ONE-FLOWERKD WINTERGREKN

.l/iim:n-i iiiiijlont. Heath Family

^ Stems : i„.„i„j; three- whorls „f leaves at the base, continue.l al.ove int.,
.. .)racte<l: ip.. Leave.: (irbieular, petiole,!, serrulate. Flowers- solit.rv
.Irooptn^; petals hve, widely spreadi„K, -sessile: stvle straight; sti.nm,'
IJeltate, large, conspicuous, with live narrow lobes.

Dr. (-.ray has called this fra-rant flower a "single delj.-^ht "
and certainly it is a joy to the traveller to find its solitary droop-
ing blossoms bent close down upon the soft -reen carpJt of the
July w-oods. In the deep shade of the ccmifers beds of these
e,v;qi,isite wa.ven Wintergreens f,aow in profusion, each flower
hansin- its head and resembling; a shining star. Turn its face
upwards, however, and y„„ will find its white petals have ten
yellow-tipped stamens placed at their base, and that the .style
which IS very large antl long, projecting from a conspicuous
round green ovary, is crowned by a five-lobed stigma The
leaves are set in three circles on the stem, clo.se to the ground
and are tlark green, smooth-surfac-d, and have serrated margins'

The One-flowered Wintergreen is a dweller in the darkest
I orners of the woods, where

" That delicate fcirest tiower,
With scented breath, and look .so like a smile,
Seems, as it issues from the shapeless mould.
An emanation from the indwelling life."

qo

nil 111', io c.RKF.X

SWEET ANDROSACE

. IndriKuiiC ( luniurjiisnir. I'rimrose Family

Stems: slender. Leaves: ill mrire or less oiien rosulate tufls, one-neneil,
<)\ate. Flowers: in capitate utn) :s.

The swcft smell of those delieato little clustered blossoms.
that {;ro\v from one to three inches above the soil and fill the
air with f raf;rance, is most attracti\ e. Their primrose-like petals,
of creamy or pinkish hue, look u]i with yellow eyes to greet
each passer-by, while rosulate tufts of tiny narrow lea\cs are
set about the slender stems,

ALPINE ANDROSACE

A iiiirouuc u'/yh-iitrhiiiiif/s. I'rimrose Fainil)-

Sterna: slender, many-llowered. Leaves: rosulale, lanceolate. Flowers:
c:dy.v-tul)e ol)pyraniidal, ividi subulate, acute, f;reen lobes: corolla-lobe
o!K)\ate, Ioniser than the cal\ x.

A very different species from the foregoins one, having
much branched, thread-like stems, bearing ntimerous tiny
white flowers.

STAR-FLOWER

Tru'iitalis Aiiio'ininij. Primrose Familv

Kootslock creepin;;, sending up many stem-like brandies, which are
naked below, the leaves all in a verticil of live to ten at the summit.
Leaves : membranous, lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, sessile. Flowers :
solitary or few: caly.\ usually of seven sepals: corolla wheel-shaped, of
seven petal-like segments.

The pretty blos.soms of this Star-flower are generally white,
thotigh sometimes tinged with mativish-pink, and so grace-
fully are they poised on slender stalks above a whorl of
pointed leaves that every puff of wind blows them gently to
and fro. The number seven rectirs with marked frequency in
this particular plant, — the caly.\ is seven-parted, the corolla

I'l vii; wix

-V^

^ ■*"-

I'lAii: .\\\

M<H ,>l \l\ MOUIKS

'^5

he wh„rl also „-. usually s.vcn „, number. s„„,e |,,,„,,
larKf and sdmc small.

Hryanl writes of the ali.ine niea,l„ws,

•■ Uhtri- ,,t;„.tlnwiTs M,ew llu- riv„l,.,s Mdi-,"

but as a matter „l fa,, it is ^.-enerailv ,n the sha.iv w.„„|s

-r, he ..„„.„ some lar,er„res. tree,, hat these „amt; I i
Mowers are linind. ■*

BUCKBEAN

.l/.//r,(«//„-.r /,,/„/,„/„, ,;,„,i^„ f.,,„,||,.

anJlnJ I ''"'""'"' r"'" ''''' """^"^ '"^-^'y "■''i"' «"»•--
anctrtple leaves are the Ki.,ry of many a secUt.ietl ntotmtain

.7 h 7 , ^^ ''^■'-' "■"'•^' '" '"'Tl'-^h.pink ,livisi„ns

of the corolla are covered with soft hairs, wh.ch give the

KOMAMZOFFIA

K<>,m,„:oJ)ia ,iu/,n,.u.<. Wa,er.|e.-,f Fa„,ilv

One of the most exquisite fragrant alpine plants, that grows
" Wlu-re ll,e sunlight (ills die hours,
Dissnlves the crust, displays l\w rtn^^s.
At high altitudes, when the warmth of [„lv has nelte,!
'he snow and se. the ti- ers free, you will Id th!. ™mj

<)(>

villi I I Id l,R| IS

lllo^s.,tn> Ml th„ K"M1.U1/..||, , „, „,.,in ,, ,|,„,|^ MMInn-s, the

Inrl.Ml.lin;; nHk^, il^ ,.„,.ll,i. -U:.muvj liko shimrm-i liii; |HMrK
ill Ilii' ;;ivi.-ll soUlliK ..( ih, I, I.. nil. I siMllo|)cii li-.n,> llu' U'\-
luu' ..I i|k-m; I|(.\iui> is simply lll:liwil(,us. b., lluy ll.ivc n
''' " "l""i ll"'"i ■"• l«Muliliil ih.u II ivsrinhl.'s n.ii'liiiin loss

lli.m n, hist uliiir vrlvt-l. ululi- iii llu-

r icMllVs ,1 lew p.ili:

>L-1|..« stamens i^iw i.. r.u h hi,.ss,,iii ., In-art nl ;,'iil,l.

Koniaii/.itiia is sclilnm l,,iiii,l h,-l,,u an altitiulo <,f 6000 fivt,
anil uhorc the . liiK lisr bk-ak and barren, where the ways arJ
iie bnuml anil ilie m, ks are bare, there it is a j..) to Hiiil this
lovely ]ilant snii-ly ens, oik e.l in some liny, Kit tlial is wa.tereil
by the nii-ltin^' snows. Only those who have toiled anil 1 limbeii
in sear, h ..I it , an know the lull .lelisht ,,f ,!s discovery

WHITE LOUSEWORT

l'<.uti.lll,ir/^ UUt'iiiout. l'i;;„urt I'auiily

Stemi: ulahn.iK, li-.il, t , lb,' l,,|,. Leaves: .ill , ,uiliiK,. :.u„,-,,lal,-, u„-
'liviil,:,!, tiiifly -sfrrulati;. Flowers; luiv, in sli.irt k-all r.Ufiiu-s: i alvx
..hli.|iic, ,lfe|,er dclt l„-t„a- lli.ir, l„.),ii„|, ,|„. |,,|„.s al>rii|,llv aii.miiufL. ;
!,Mle.i pni.liiof,! into an in, unci l,,-,,k, luMrlv ,is l,„i^r as thi. Imail 1„wlt
liji, lianiati--,iefle.\i(i.

The dull white or very |iale yellow beaked lloweis of i|,e
White I.ousewort ,ire set in a close cluster at the top of the
stalks, and are embedded amoiifist small deeply-frin^- -d leaves.

The repellent c.miiion name of this plant is derived directly
troin the I.atm .,ne, whi, h was beslowed upon it because once

' ' ■' ''""-■ thinners l,eiie^e.l that when their Hocks fed upon

these flowers the s'.ecp were iiabi-- to he attacked bv certain
tiny lire, called f'lilhiihu.

Fo.ir species of I.oiisew.irt -row in the m.Hintain reici.ms,
lw„ ,,f whi,h will be lounl ,„ ,he Pink to Red Section of
this book, while a fourth one is r.Jir„/„ris amtor/,,, or Con-
torted I.ousevv.,rl. a plant very like /■, ,■„,-, ■«,..,■„, but ha\ nm
Its ,ream-c..l,.ureil flowers set sin,-ly all the wav 14) on the

I'l Ml \\\|

MOrxi Vl\ IIOUKKS

99

blender stiilks. Its fi>lia^;o
icililish-brown ; limfj leaves
■ inos arc interspersed with Ih

The C„nt„r,e,l I.cuscwort ^nnvs at very hi«h altitudes
liemi; usually found at 7000 feet.

lein-hho ;;;;. ,ften tinjicd with
■■' 'Hit Iriii: 'he base, and small
mraen MS bl .ssomson the stems.

COMMON PIANTAIN

KncilMiKk shi

/•lain,
1. thick

I„J,K

I'kiruaiii F.imilv

u a|.,
on til

■ Leaves: spreailin,;;, iivntf, entire- .spike
■.^. Flowers: p,-rleel, protcr,.j,-ynou.s : .sepals br.iadlv
e nKtr-nis. Fruit : py.xis seeded, cireumsessiie ne.ar

llie n:ulille.

The Common Plantain ,s so familiar to travellers that ,t
'■^.IN lot- no specal <lescrip,ion. It has greenish H.nve,-s|„kes
and reddish seeds.

/'. Kugchi, or I'ale I'huuain, is somewhat similar to the
preeedmK speces, bu, has a slightly bn.ader leaf an<l a less
dense flower-spike.

LAMB'S QUARTERS

C/,eiw/,i„fiu„i ,,//,„„,. (;„„sefoot I''amily

Stems; slender, ereet, eumimmly ntvich branched, l..,,.. rhombic
."ate the upper ones lanceolate, obtuse or acute. FloJ brae '
densely clustered in a compound panicled spike- ■■ dvv ""'^""N

keeled. Fruit: seed Hrntl/attach'ed ,0 the perica;' ' '""" """^"■^"

A weed that abountis near habitation, even in the mountain
.•eK„.ns^ A commonplace plant, and yet one that is not
altogether Without beauty, since its foliage is of an unusunllv
dclicate tender green. The white flowers, which grow in
dense spikes, are inconspicuous.

"iirii.; ro (ii<i:i:\

TALL ERIOGONUM

l-:riiii:,iiui>ii uiiilh-llaliiiii. llinkwliu^il K;iniilv

Stems: <lf|jrtsscd ami sl,rul>l,y Iwlow, imicll lirancheil. Leaves' ciWoni;
«:me lomenuise l.d„w, kicoi, ami -lal.n.us al.i.vc; |,,d„iult> siv l„ M^
leen Indies hij;li, nakeil. hcarinj; a simplt- iimliel of tlirw i„ ten rav^, suh-
tcmled by a whorl of leaves. ' . •

A somewhat raio and most furious plant. In dry stony
lilaces and on rocky slopes you will Hnd the lon^-stalked
blossoms of the Tall ErioKonom, with its hands.inie Hat-topped
clusters of cream-coloured tlowers, tipped and tinned with
viMd rose pink, that have a peculiar bunch of tiny narrow
leaves set just where the little stems of the indix idual Hower-
umbels sprinj; from the to]) of the main stalk.

It IS also a most fascinatin- plant, both bv rea^nn of the
fa. t that its fine cream an.l rose blossoms -n v in barren
localities, ,uid also because its leaNX-s (which are -reen above
and silvery beneath) -row near i,. the -round, on slender
branchinK, woody stems, while the Hower-stalks are extremely
loiiK, often reaching a height of over twelve inches.

/;■. nmirosacaim. or Dwarf Eriofionum, is the al|.ine species,
and almost an e.xact reproduction in miniature of its "Tall ■'
relation. The chief difference between the two jilants is that
the Dwarf ErioKonum is more hairy and woolly, and generally
has cream-C(,loured flowers without any tin-Jin^ of pink It
only -rows about three inches hi^h, and is foimd at 7500 feet

ALPINE BISTORT

I'lifygoiiuii, ■■iTifiiinim. liucfwlieat I'amiU

Stems: sk-mler, simple. Leave.: ovate, subcordate, atlenuate at Inse-
cauline leaves lanceolate. Flowers: raceme narrovvlv tvlindrie denselv'
Hiiwered, bearing a number ol ov oid-coiiic bulblets at base.

The name Polygonum conies from the Greek, its meaning;
beinK •• many kneed," and refers to the enlarged joints of the

I'lAii: \-\.\ii

Am'IM-; Ills, OKI (/'"/.;t-™„»/ Tvrv/,„-„»)
A-i'H(.iJ|.:i. ( /;./„./,/„, x/iilI„o,a)

MnCNTAlX KI.OUKKs

slc.ns, which arc shoathc.l hy the stiilks of the Ions-shaped
leaves. The Howers are very numerous in the mountains, are
while lo rose colour, and f;row in dense narrow spikes, which
have several little bulbs below the full-blown blossoms. The
seeds are red. See I'late XXXIl.

A description of I>oly^^„ni,m <wtplnhium. or VNater j'ersi-
caria, will be foinid in the Miscellaneous Section.

WHITE COMANDRA

Cimamlni /,„l/i,/„. .Saiulalwi.od |-ariiil>-

Stem.: Klaunms, .slL-ndcr, Mmple, very lfal\ , Leaves: li„ear, acute-
sessile. Flowers: cyme:, several-tlowereil, eorvmllose, clu,stcre(l .it tlie
summit, pediinites .stuirt.

The Comandra is parasitic on the roots of other plants. It
has prett) little whitish-green flowers, which grow in clusters
and are bulb-shaped at the base, spreading out into hve lobes
at the top. The leaves are Nerv narrow and grow close to
and all the way up the stalk, and the fruit is a nut-like berry,
which retains at its tip the upper short part of the caly.x.

C. livida. or Swamp Comandra, differs from the foregoing
species in that it has wider leaves, each one growing on its
own tiny stalk attached to the main stem ; and whereas the
Howers of the White Comandra grow in clusters at the top
of the stems, tho.se of the Swamp Comandra grow in the
a.vils of the leaves lower down on the stems, and its fruit is
a roundish red and edible berry.

COHAl-ROOT

Corallorhha imuUa. Orchid Family

KiKit Loralloid, braiicliinK. Stems: glabrous, cKitlied will, clo.sely
.sheaihing .scales. Flowers: in long racemes on short minutelv bracled
pedicels; sepals and petals narrow, lip short; spur a sac adnate to the
summit of the ovary. Fruit : capsule obloiij;.

1(14

^nuii: lo (;ki;i:n

A plant im])()ssil)le to mistake, l..r ns ,-,„,\< aiv cxac tly liLu
hranilK'S „f .nial, , „m|)„.sal ,.f thick, wliiti-, l,hi„i liLivs. ami
may l)c l.iiind in moist shady |>lac-cs. The llowers -n.w ni a
raceme on sin-le, thick, Heshy sten.s, il,at are cloihc<l will,
closely sheallied bracts aitd arc „f a c|ueer pin-plish-iven
colour, tfei|iiontly markeil with while. It has ii,, lea\rs.

The Coral-niot is a snpivfliylr : that is to sa\ , it lives upon
the dead and decomposing lorms of other plants, ami this
explains .vhy it is sm h a ve,-ctal.|e dc-encrale ol the hcau-
tllul family of onhids It ha, lost its leases, also it ,1,!,.-
nfhyl!, or honest ,reen ciloui-in- matter, tlin.u,-h its l)ad
habits, a.ul to-day belon-s to ihat pirate tMl)e which feeds
"P'-n foo.l already assimilated by another, an<l therebv incurs
the displeasure of Nature, whose laws demami honest 'cmdiut
in her kinKdom as sternly as do those of man: an.l so, when

the tairal-rooi refused to

maniilacture its own upbuiklinf;

materials ,,ut of the carbon dioxide .,f the alm„s],here, and
proceeded p. prey u|)on decaying matter, \atu-e took away
Its leaves and chh.n.phyll and only left it sufficient branching-
extensions at the base to secure it in t!ie soil

HEAET-LEAFED TWAYBLADE

l.islni, ,oi;litl,i. Ilrchid Family

Root flcshy-librous. stems: very sk-n,lcr. Leaves: sessile, cordate
ovale, nuicronale. Flowers: i.i racemes, i„inuie pedicels bracted ■ sepals
and petals oblong-linear, lip narrow, the seKnienls setaceous and cliolale.

A small orchid with two jar^o leaves Krowinj; midwav up
Its slender stem, by which it may always be re.adih recognized.
The flowers arc purplish-reen, very tinv , and are sel in a small
raceme at the top of the stalk. It f;r.,us in the cool woods.

/.. amvalhtrwi.h-s, or Kroad-lipped Twayblade, also has
the same two distin:;uishin},' stem-leaves, which, however are
rounder than in the foreKoin- species, .vhile its flowers' are

I.Ai)n:s' 'I"ki:ss|.:s

MOIMAIX HOW Ik.,

107

yt'llowish-Krcen. fairly InrKe, an.i |.,,^
lobfs at the (Ic'liiatc apex.

The Twayblades present : .si..,,,; contrast t,. the G.ral-
root. They are Kjnspiiudiislv

ssess a broad h|i ujlh two

trast to the C
K •-•i-M ami healthy of leaf.

LADIES' TRESSES

Sfiinnilh,', H,w,„ii:i,ffuiin,. (Irihiil f.„„iK-
K„„. ,ub.n,„,.. stem,: Kl.hn.us, l,„,.v hd.n^, l.ra. ,«| .,|,„v.. L..,,.-
ol.lonK-la,Ke„la,.. Flow.r,: ,s,,iko ,l.„sc, in thr.e rows. co„s|,icu,H, Iv
I-racted: ,,er,a„.l, „l,i,e, .he petals and .sepals all c„n„iv.n,, lip •
ovat..nl,l„„s, contracted below ,he narrower wavvcrettulate s!„„n,i..

This is the last orchid of the season, tounil chietfv in wet
marshy places, just when the power <,f the summer stm begins
to wane. It ,s a beautiful fragrant Hower, growing in dense
snowy sp.kes, and has long narrow leaves. Considering that
orchi.ls are reckoned as amongst the rarest and richest treas-
ures of Nature, it is strange how many species of them grow
wild m the mountains. (W course they are all terrestrial ones ■
we h.ye none of the kin.ls whi> row on trees and tlevelop
false bulbs. '

HATTIESKAKE PLANTAIN

inuhtyeni Men:iesiL Drihid I- .imily

St.m»: scape Klandular puhe.scent. L„v„: blotched with while, ovate
Flower.: nalea concave, ovate, with a short, spreading, recurred tip:

t^:^. ""'""" ™ '"' '"^"^ '" "'^ ^"«- '"'" " «^-'-'-ri"s ^^■

This plant has a chister of leaves at the ba.se onlv these
are covered with a network of white veins and frequently also
have wh.te blotches on them The flowers grow in a bractetl
spike, are greenish-white, and have a very hairj- stalk

Goodycra nf,em, or Smrdl Rattlesnake Plantain, has also
pectiliar white-veined leaves, out in this species they grow up
the stalk as well as at its base. The whole plant is smaller
than G. Mcnzusii, and its insignificant flowers irrnw ,.,„!.■ on

"Ill ll: ID c.KI.I.N

■m-j sKlc ut the M,-m, whirl, is „„„ |i hruicl ami luiir, llu.
name •• Katllcsnakc " applies i„ tl„ rcsc.blan, o bclwcrr, ihc
ciin.msly vcm^d leaves and ihc i„„|v ..I a snakcv This plant
lrec|ueiitly (,'nnv.s in ilecayin;; ud.id.

LONG-BRACTED ORCHIS

ll'ilvihiri.i ln„,t,;il,l i\n\M r.,i„ily

sum.: s„„„, Uave,: 1.,,,, ....la,,- .um-, ,1,,. „|,|„.,- ,„„■, „uu i, s,„all,T

"'V'?"''\'"" '"■ "'"■'■ """•' '"'"•"■' "' ^- -■"-. F>ow„.. ,„■.„, llK-

s,.. .i„os.h 1 ,w.,.,l: ,„ialsv.,> „a„.w: s,,,a a,.-la„. .„la,., .lilal.l

;' ""•■ ''"■'^" '1' "' ";-l'.>l"lau.. ,l,„a.. ,1,„1 a. ,1,. a|..v a,„i „„„.

tllail Iwiia- as Iniii; as llu- sat likr spur

This ,s on. „r th. o.nspu u„us , .■„ „i-,h,<ls uhuh f;n,»- ,n
!,'reat prnlusmn m the m.Hintain regions. It has a sti.iit jiiicv
stem, broad leaves, and many lonj,- pointed bracts on its H.nver
spike. Usually found in net places, tnis Or. his may always be
d.st,nf;i„.shed by the lonf; bra.ts, fn.m „hi. h it derives its name.

SMALL ORCHIS

/fa/vii,n/,t ,t/,nii,i/,i. Dnliiil Kaniilv

Stems: sleiuler, iiakcal, lour-anKk-d. L..v„: leaf soli.arv, hasai, ohovate

Flow„s: spikc .,„«. loosely How.r.d, Kr.cM, ; pcl.als short, ,lilau.,l, .„„.

...L- «uh ihe base of ,l„ cohinm: s.paLs upper o„e erect, Rr-en «i.h

1. mar^ms: l,p em.re, lanceolate, .leHe.veil : spar as Ion,- as the lip.

blunt ; anther-sacs widely diverKent : „lan,ls small and thick.

A delicate ^reen an<l white Orchis that mav alwavs be
known by its sinfjie basal leaf. It ,s vcrv like a white an<I
green Ltly-of-the-Vallcy, an<l its H:,wers ^row widelv separated
on the slender stalks.

LEAFY ORCHIS

l/,lhi„ln'„ liy/>,-rnoiYa. ( trchid I'amily

Stem.: stout. Leave,: lanceolate, acute. Flower.: small, ^reen ■ spike
narrow petals ..nd sepals ovate, olnusc-, upper sepal crenulate at the
apex, hp lanceolate, entire, obtuse: spur equallinK the lip, glands small.

|'|,.\m: \\\u

Lf:ai ^ ()r<( ill^ Ul.il;,,,,,;,, /lyfrrlvn,,)

SMAI.I. Ulii Ills i^llahmari,, oUusal.i)

109

!■! All; WW

;i

WlllTK B(H, ()K( ins
Ulaheu.iri.i .hi. ,\

MOUNTAIN KI.()Ui:KS

WHITE BOG ORCHIS

"■•'"■"•"■'•• Mu.Ua. Orchul Kaniilv
Stems: thick, fleshy, one to two feet hk>l, ,
Flow«.: spike lonj;, white ,erv frajr,,,, V V"' '»"«"l'-"'=. "I"use.

fovand far between nn.T.' ^' '"'" '"'' """'^^-^ ='^'-'

beauty, ^'r.r. ^^t^^^^^'^^ ^-"^^^^^

„ .. "Odours asL-eml,

Spread,.,,- themselves titrouRh the serener air
VV here Ke,„le |,ree,es strive to ijicss
And all (;„,is world knows happiness."

Those wh„ find ,h.n, .in always ,„ve a,„l treasure ,h™.

114

WHITK TO (JRKliN

There is another very lar{,'e species of the same genus, much
resemblinj; //. dilatata, but taller, anil sometimes fjrowinf; to
the immense hei{;ht of fi\e feet. It is callecl H. U-ncoslacliys,
or Giant Orchis, anil, like the Bog Orchis, has snow-white
fragrant flowers.

MOUNTAIN LADY'S SUPPER

Cypyipciiiiiin piiss<yinmii. Orchid Family

Stems: stout. IiMly. Leaves: o\ ate. .icutniliate. Flowers: solitary ortwo:
petals and si-]j.i]s pale j^reeii: lip dull white, \eined, and ^itli hrij;,dit red
spots; anther ovate-triaiiL,'u!ate, yellow with red spots. Fruit: capsule
drooping;.

This is the small white Lady's Sli])per, and its iliscoveiy in
the mountains is of sufficientl)- rare occurrence to be quite an
event in the history of the day to the ordinary traveller. It is
tisiially in shady places, where the soil i.s moist atid rich, that
these little velvety orchids are found. The dull white sacs,
hairy inside and spotted with bright red, are quite unmistak-
able ; the stalks are leafy and usually bear only a single ter-
minal flower, though occasionally two shell-like blooms adorn
the fat juic)' stem, one at its ape.\ and the other a couple of
inches lower down.

There is a rich tropical beauty about orchids strongly sug-
gestive of the t)rient. They do not seem to be at home in the
stern wild mountain fastnesses, but rather to belong to a world
of cloudless skies and riotous foliage, where exotic flowers arc
set like jewels in the lavish lu.\uriance of the clement zone.

WHITE TWISTED-STALK

Stirptop:is iiinph-xi/i'/his. I.ilv Family

Kootstock short, slcmt, horizontal, covered with thick fibrous roots.
Steins: glabrous, branching below the middle Leaves: acuminate at the
apex, cordate-claspinj; at I'e base, );Iaucou lieneath. Flowers: one to
two, (,'reenish-white. Fruit: red oval berry, m, seeded.

I'lATK WWI

(I'-

WiiirK TwiMiii-Si \i,K

I'l-ATK XXXVII

117

MOUNIAIX H.OUKks

— I_I9

This Twisted-stalk is a large plant with n.any clasping
|x,mte<l leases fjr.nvinK all the wa)- i,p „n both sides of its 1„„,.
LranchinK stems, with one solitary leaf at the apex These
leaves are handsome, green and glossy on the top, with strongly
marke<l vems, and are covered with a whitish bloom on the
under side. Looking at the plant from above it appear, to
bearno flowers at all, but turn over its stems and you 'will
find beneath each leaf one or two tiny greenish-white bells
hanging on sharply bent thread-like stalks that spring from
the a.x-.ls of the leaves ; the.se flowers in time turn into bri.^ht
red oval berries. "

The name Twisted-stalk is deri^■ed from its abruptly bent
flower stems.

For S. r.,seus, S. h,rv,/>cs, and .V. a„-Hj<cs see the Pink to
Ked Section.

SPIKENAKD

Smilacina slellala. Lily Family

Slra.: stout, erect, or somewhat zigzag, te.,.,.. lanceolate, sessile
somewhat clasping, acute, acuminate at the apex, rather concave Flowers ■
raceme sessile or short-peduncled, several-flowered. Fruit ■ bright red
berry dotted with purple. '

Large colonies of this pretty Spikenard, which to ordinary
eyes looks like a wild Lily-of-the-Valley, grow near the banks
of mountain streams and in the moist meadows. It is a lovely
plant that grows up very stiff and straight out of the ground
and has stout stems which are leafv all the way from the base
to the slender flower racemes. These racemes are composed of
from five to fifteen little starry blossoms, each one having a
white si.v-parted perianth. The lea^•es are of a whitish-green
hue.

< '1

w nil !•: \(> (;ki;i;n

FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL

SiiuliuiN.t ,iiiif,l,\xi,„iili.^. l.il\ Fiimil)

Sterna: >l(nil, .im iiidiri::, k-.iK, Leaves: o\ al, tlaspinK, at-umiiiate, their
marKili.s mimiklv lilialc. Flowerj: paiiicli- cltiiM-ly HiiwcTfil: piTianlh-
>usnu-iu» ..hlDii;; Fruit: nil arumalif I tv, lit-ikccl with purpli-.

Tlie liinj; IimIv uimds mI the VwW Soliimnn's Sl-uI arc cxtreil-
injily attraitivc. with their haiidsumc terminal clusters nf little
creariiy l)lcissnin> thai l.«.k liki- lull leathery ])Kimes as they
wave ^(ently tii and hn in the soli siininier hree/.e and east
their faint li-a;,Tanie aen)ss the \vci,.ds. Wry handsome. ti«i,
are the lea\esnr this lar^e |)lant \\h\ it is hanned with such
a base name as l-'alse SolunKin's Seal I cki not know. There
is nuthin;;- ■• false" about it exeept its name; and while its
hiMuiant hr.ad foliage resembles that of both the True Solo-
mon's Seal and tlie Twisted-stalk, still its Howers are entirely
different, };rowin;; in elose terminal panieles, whereas those
of the other plants menlioned •{rmv in small individual bells
from the axils of the lea\es. However, l-alse Solomon's Seal
is its name, and by sm h it is known all over the world.

tf. ;K-me. attenuate
peduncle scape-like,
:menls. white :

QUEEN-CUP

Cliittoiiiti iniilli^ui. Lily f.nnilv

Stems: \ iUdus-puliesccnt. Leaves: tew, liinciitlati
below tr. ;i slieathin;i pelinle. Flowers: siilit
shorter than the leaves: jicrianlh canipauulate. ol si.\
style e(|ual]in^' the stamens. Fruit: hiue herrv.

An exquisite six-parted white flower with a heart of f,r,,ld.
found growinf,' in the shady woods. Its leaves fairlv carpet the
ground in the localities where it .abounils; thev are large and
glossy and resemble those of the I,ily-of-thc-Valley. The stems,
which usually bear only a single flower, are very hairy. Tho-
reau has complained bitterly that this beantifnl dwelhjr of

I'lAII. WW III

I'l.viK xxxrx

Falsi-: Hkllkuore
{t'eratriim viritii)

MOIMAIN H.OWKKS

the forest shimlil Ik' ialli<l allor mi picisaii an imiiviiliial as Ihr
(iovtinor i>f New Yiirk, and snunJIy Iwratcs (iray lur the
fault ; but may nut Clinlcm, the man i)f affairs, staliirafi, ami
tinanie, have hu'' an artisiii side to his ihaiaiter? May he
not have iK-en a true liner <if Nature ami an ardent admirer
1)1 the splendid thrcmf; of ama^inf; and mysterious Ix'auties
that enrich with the (lerfunie of their presence the land of
the alpine flower-fields?

I feel that a (jrcat honour has been conferred u|)on me in
that I have lx.'en |x'rmittetl to nam- this lovely plant — Queen-
cup, Hitherto it has luen nameless in the English language,
ami it seems to me that no more fitting title coultl Iw iK'stowed
upon the Clinlotiia imijiom, with its ffCKM shining leaves,
amongst which are set the pure white chalices of its blossoms,
than Queen-cup, — the tjueen of all the snowy flower-cups of
the alpine forests.

ASPHODEL

Tojiehiia f^luttHosa. Lily Family

Stemt: viscid-puliescent with black glands, l)earinj{ two to four leaves
near the base. Lmt«i: basal ones tufted. Flowera: terminal racemes
oblong, the upper flowers opening lirst, Injcomin;; longer in fruit: invo-
lucral bracts minute, united at the apices, Iwrne just below the flower ;
perianth-segments oblong, obtuse, membranous. Fruit: seeds tailed at
each end.

A traveller cannot pick the long si)ikes of tiny white blos-
soms which tx;lonf; to this plant without at once recot,'ni/inK
its name by the exceedingly sticky and hairy nature of the
stems. The Latin designation ^/iitiniisa exactly describes it.
The Asphtxiel grows along the banks of streams and in wet
places. See Plate XXXII.

126

WHITE TO CREKX

FALSE HELLEBORE

I'cm/niiii -■iriile. l.jiy Kamiiy

J^r f'™''.""-;-^"-^ '^■••">- ■-— acute, .strongly veinal, slu,r,.
penoled, .sheatl„„g, ,1,, upper „„es successivelv narrower, those ol the
..florescence .r.tai:. Flow.rs: panicle, lon^, ..ubescent, densely n.anv
flowered, its lower branches sjjreailiiij;.

This is by far the largest and handsomest -reeii-flcuerecl
plant which grows in the mountains. Its liiiiaKe is immense
in size, bright green, and the leaves have a peculiar plaited
appearance. In the early spring the stout solid spears of the
talse Hellelwre push their way up through the soil and soon
begin to unfold with the increasing «armth of the sun's rays
Then the long stiff spil<es and graceful pendent tassels of
Howers commence to lengthen and unfold, yellowish at first
and later on becoming greener. The flowers are compose<l of
si.\ petals and have si.\- whitish .stamens.

Hurton in his AnaUnme of .\h!.„uholv refers lo the alk-ed
curative properties of the Hellebore as an anti<lote for madaess.
" Borajte and hellebore lill two scenes,
Sovereign plants to piirt;e the veins
Of melancholy, anil cheer the heart
Of those black fumes which make it smart.-

Yet according to the principle that those herbs which cure
may also kill, the Hellebore is best known to us as a very
poisonous plant. ^

STEUANTHItlM

SIciiaiitluiim <hiiil,-iil,ih\ l.ilv Kamilv

liulb „bl„„K.ovoid, coatetl. stem.: slentler. erect, glabrous. l.av„.
fe»,h„ear, lanceolate, acuminate. F,„w.„: raceme simple, Howers Tn,:
|>anula.e,„odd,nK, segments of the perianth brownish-^reen bracts, C
wha scartous. pedicels .,lender, sprca.ling, l„n«er\han the br a
rruit: seeds bnear. Hat, winjjed.

I'l.ATI-; XI,

;«■■«'(

, Stknantiiiim

Ili

I'l.Aii: XI. I

r'jf

iif J

MOUNTAIN KI.O\V|;rs

■31

This ])lant grcws cnly in sliady places and is tall, with
many bniwnish-Krecn bells nodding on its slender stalks. It
has very narrow ribbon-like leaves fjrowinif from the base and
also up the stems.

TALL ZYGADENE

/^}\i;iittti,ns t/ii^iiii.^. l.ily Family

liulb ovoid, membrancm.s, coated. Stems : .slender. Le.ves: very glau-
cous, narrow ; hracts lonR-kceled, lanceolate, rather larj;e. Flowers: in .a
single raceme, or a large panicle, its brandies slender, ascendin);. the
|.eriauth adnate to the base of the ovary, its segments bro.idlv oval, the
inner abruptly contracted 10 a short claw, Kland obcordate. Fruit : seeds
oblong, angular.

A tall attractive plant whose branching; stems are covered
by many round creamy flowers splashed with green. These
flowers are si.'c-parted and have a number of brown-tipped
stamens clustered about the large green base of the pistil.
The capsule, or dry fruit, which develo|)s as the floral leaves
die and drop off, is three-lobed and very large. The leaves
<if the Tali Zygadene are long ami narrow and are covered
with a whitish bloom.

/^. vntenosiis, or Poisonous Zygadene, is a slightly shorter,
smaller species of this genus, al.so frequently found in the
mountain regions. Its yellowish-green flowers grow closely
together and it has roughish leaves. So poisonous is this
plant that animals frei|uently die from the effects of eating it.

m

MOUNTAIN WJLD FLOWERS
OF CANADA

Section II
PINK TO RED ri.OWERS

Six 11()\ I I

I'lXK TO kHI) I'l.oWl-RS

/■'/m.vr.i Hull III,- ftink li' mt. or ,,i,nsi,iii,i/l_v .«■, /'«/ lu'l
,/,'., /■;/.'./ ill lliii A,', lii'ii

W iniMli»\*t-T 7«(W/i'//cr wiH/^>i/n (W'llite to (Jretn Section) .

>toiiv Kotk-trt-^^ (nr^/( //,i/i*ti;//V (White to Ureeii Stcticm) . .

Alpine Hocl<-cms . . . . In.to .'">"« (White to (ireen Section) . .
Drummond's Koclicriiis . .l:,iH< /J>-»<;/»io«</// (White to Cteen Section)
Spring (teatity .... C/.n/<';((o .t<'JJ//i>//i7 (White to (ireen Section) .
White ( ieraninni . . . . (;,r.i«/H»« AV///i'</ji'>u (\\hite to (ireen Section)
.Vlsatian Clover .... 7V,/,./;«». /lj*r„/»,., (White to (ireen Section) .

Teljimi /V-///m.t .traWi/or.M White to (iteen Section) .

.\lijine .\ster .^Vi-r ,(////(//.* (Wliile to ( .reen Section) ...

Y_jrr,nN 7,-/j///,vi /,/H»/.iJ(MWlute to (ireen Section) . .

siveet .\n<lros,ice l,„M..o„,- r//»»,f>,iJ»;« (White to (ireen Section)

Star-flower /V»M^f/v.( .-iw/-fW<.r«rt (White to (ireen Section)

llnckbean l/,,/j„«//„-. /ri/o&r/n (White to (ireen Section)

Tall Eriogonim. . . . . /■V,»i-,.»«»i »»*<•»./"»< (White to (ireen .Sfiti.m)

Alpine Distort /',,/vi-..,,,,,,/ vh'ifarum (White to :;reen Section!

Mountain l.arl<^pnr . . . /),///„./,»»/ Z'™."" (Blue to I'nrple Section! .
Wavvleaved Thi.lle . . r',m».< »»rf»/.rf//« ("'u« 'o I'urple Section! . .
I.argePnrplc lleard-tongne I'tiitlnimi Mrnzkiii (lllue to I'lirple Section)
Wild Canada Mint . . . iliiiHia Ciiadinsis (iHue to 1-urple Section) .

WESTERN COLUMBINE

Aijtiili'i^iii Joriiwsd. Cniwlnut Faiitily

Stems l!ranchino tnim a simple, fleshy, fu!.it\)rm niol. Leaves: lower
ones triteriiate on lonj; petioles, upper ones sessile or reduced to simple
bracts; leaflets liroaiUy cuneate, tliree-cleft. Flow«r»: red, pendulous in
anthesis ; sepals spreadiiif,' or reflexc.l, alirupth narrowed to a short
claw : spurs same lenjith as sepals.

I V)

I'INK 1(1 Ki:i)

A l.n-L' anuih ii,,«ci ..I uhirh ii has lic'ii ^.lkl

"I'liL- lir.Ki'Uil , 'liiiil.'
lii-llils tc. Ille i-.irth lu'
(If lioim-l.iclfii lull..

( rijMri

THl' Western Culmnliim- Ak-. not Mvk the li^ht ihv scil
Mm.in-st the iciks, as .1,, Its sisters, the Vellcu ami the Hliie
Cnhiiiiliines, hut preleis a mnist habitat, where its hrilliant
liemiiiliuis hl^ ,si.ms make the ialle_\s «;!>.

li lias hve hri^ht red and ^,,1,1 petals', ■^nmwn alternately
with its five red sepals. These petals, shaped like iluerted
.nrniie.ipias. are tisiuily ed;;ed ,,s well as lineil with vell,.w,
their upper ends beiiiH iiarr.med tn terminal tubular' spurs.'
I-inn;riis t,'ave this plant its j;enerie name, ilerived Imni the
Latin */«,/„,,, win- p. the fancied re.semblanee of its spurs
tn the elaws of an ea-le ; while Columbine is taken from
,W/,m/:,, -n dove," and refers to the resemblance of its
iieetaries to a circle of ,loxes in a rin- around a dish, which
w.is a favourite device am.ni-st sculptors and painters in
aiu lent times. The numerous stamens and lonj; slender st>les
of the pistils protrude like pretty golden tassels from each
fl..wer. The folia^je of this tall plant, which usnallv i,'n,ws
from two to three feet hi-h, is very abundant and ferndike :
dark -reen on the t.,p, an<l pale and whiti.sh imderneath'
The lar-er leaves -row ou lon^ foot-stalks and are divided
into three leaHets, which in their turn are three-to-tive l.,bed
and have unccpially toothed eil^vs.

There are not very many really red mountain wild H,,wers,
and therefore the traveller takes an especial deli-ht in fin-lin.^
tlie Western Columbine, since, like Ku^ene Kield. he loves
a blo.ssom of -any colour at all .so Ion;, as it's ivl.- It is
a iilant e.Ntremely attractive to bees, butterriies, and birds,
which come to sip its sweets.

VI mi; Mil

Wl sii K\ CdiiMiiiM-.
(.'./»;,',;■,,, /,i,-«„-.,„)

MoiMAiN ii.ovm;k>

M9

WltD BLEEOING-HEART

lU^itih,! />•!

I umii.,r> 1^

St.mB hum ilif a|).-x ,,1 tin, k, aim,,, i i.aki.l, , r-
L«,..: ,„i,t.,.r ll,ri,,M.n,.,lul> . .,m|„„m,l, Ihi. „|,i„ ,
.imi iiuisflj (,i„„aiiri(l Fioweri, pak- rnaKi-nIa ii ...
.11 Mimmit ,.( „a|..> : ,,.r,,lla .nar,.-, ,,nlat.-, wiih ,
unilcil u|j Id ami aliovi- tin' mi,|,M,.

This plant ix'sctiiliifs. in nnin.itinv. ■ij,. , ,
white- HlLx-lin^t-hciiit s,. popnbr in t.'l-lisi.i
Init its (lull niaf;enl;i-pink tl.nvcrs ar.' , . rar' ,
in appL-aranci- as these ..I its iK'aiitiliil nil:, at.
only rharm (,t the wihl spencs lies in the -nu ,.

stems, «huh hear niinieruiis pendent heart-sl ss...„.

alc.n- their clrcopin^^ lengths, ami its tinelv <lisseete,l f„lia.'c

'■ 'tslncks.
»ll» 11,1' "

I. "he
•^l. . or

CAROLINA CRANE'S-BILL

ih-raniuni C aroliniium

r.iiiiiiin Kiiniih-

„rl,H ular ,„ ,„„l„„, ,|,.,|,|v ,|e., i,„„ liv. i„ ni,,. „l,l„„«, ,.,„„.atf, l„l,c.,i
s.«„«n,s. Flower.. ,„ c,„„pac, clusters: pHal. pink, „h,„r,lat., e,u, i.
Iinj; tlu' awiifd sfpiik. '

Tills wikl Geranium is very like the Herb R„he:t an.l has
the same dull pmk H„„ers veined with deep n.se The
(.reek name <.f the plant means •• a < rane," and the c..mm,„i
name Crane's-bill den,,tes the l„n- -r„„ve<l beak et,mp„sed
tit hve styles that ciihere at the t„p. The ealvx is formed of
hve p.„nted sepals, and the corolla of five in.lented petals
The wh.ile plant is covered with tine gray hairs atitl Ir.s at,
cvtremely stron- smell, caiise.l by a resinous secretion It-:
leaves are roundish in form and deeply cleft ; the Ion;; stalks
are brittle and q.iite red where exposed to the smili-ht.

f<i

140

I'l.NK H) Ki:i)

RED CLOVER

Trihiniiiii pr.ilniM-. J'l-a l-'aniilv

Stems: .Tsccn.lin-. su„iL«l,at l.air, : pisliilfs l,r„adlv lanceolate, mem-
l.ra„acenu.s m-rve>l, ^ela™,.,sh■ ac„mi„a,e. Leave,; leartel.s „l,c„-,late
nearly entire. Flower, : heads ovate, dense, nearlv sessile, l.racteate ■ teeth
of the calyx setaceous, hairy, the lower one nnah lon-er than the other
four ; petals |>nrple.re<l, all united into a luhe at the base. Not indigenous.
Th,,re,ni speaks of the ticlds l)IushinK »ilh Ked Clover
••as the western sky at eve.tinK." Kverv one k„„ws the
C iover. Kvery one has ualke.l ankle-tleep in meadows rich
with its re<l Howers. Some <,f ns are even fortunate enough
lo"hvein .h.ver.'^hiit nut all! It is a titiaint conceit of
the Red Clover to fold its leaves in sleep each ni-ht, the two
side leaflets dr.»,pinK downwanls lofjether and the terminal
one bowed over them.

The name Clover prnbably comes from the Latin ,hv,i
meaninn "did),- and refers to the possible re.semblancj
between the trefoil leaf and the three-headed cltib <,f Her-
cules. The ••clidis- on playin- cards are, no doubt, also an
imitation of the t lover leaf.

MACKENZIE'S HEDYSARUM

lli-,iystiruiii M,i ki-n=ii. pea 1-aniilv

Stem,: s„l,erecl. simple or hra.uhe.l. minulelv pubescent. Leave, live

loeiKhl pairs, ol ij;. Flowers: seven 10 thirlv. loosek Howcreib bruls

subulate: teeth of the calys as lonj; as die lube.

A bright nise-manenta wild IVa that tjn.ws t.i a hei-ht of
two feet in the mountain meadows. It ,s a larne. spreading;,
handsome phtnt.

i'lATK Mill

MI>1 MAIN H JWKKS

'M

ARCTIC RASPBERRY

/\'!i/'ii\ ,ii; lii //,,.

■ lamilv

Stems: t-rfCt, liniililu-d .it 1,,imv Leaves: lril,ili,>l:,lf ; l,.;,lli-ls M-.s>ile,
rl(,mhii-.iv:ilo, iiiiL-i|ii:illy surnitf. Flowers: MiliuiA : m-|).iI> uciili.'. e(|i:,il'
lin,;llR.,,l„,v:iii-fiitirc-])ct.i::,. Fni.t: li:;l.l iTil, ..I M-vt-ral drii|jflets, ulil,:,...

t iKv:uf :ilpinc Kaspbcrry, iilxiut sis inches hi},'h, that
Knius at an altil.idu ..I 8000 leot. It ha>. a W-w lai^i; thrw-
liartud leaves and one i.r tud mse-pink ti.iwers eompcised of
six l,)n;,', widely separated petals. The liiiif; thin inuts strike
straifjht d<.wn into the earth, and therefore when \<ni attempt
to pick one of these little plants it usually conies ii]) altofjether
out of the KHivind in your hand. The Arctic Raspberry has
no prickles.

LONG-PLUMED AVENS

(/■fV/w IriJIoniin. Kii.sf I'.iniiiy

Stems: staiie simple. ihrct-H.nMTi-ii :il iln- .^umi-iil. Leaves: lias:il mios
tultcil. |)itii)l«l, inlerruptcilly |)innatf, uilli main :m:ill k'aricts inur-
spiTscd aiiKniK tilt- iuim.-n>as „l,„valf larger ..lu-s; ieacfs cf die .scape l«„
"pposilc, small, scssilt pairs. Flowers: iil live p:ilv purpli.sli-piiik petals siir-
n.UiKlecl l.y a iiersisleiit red cal\.v, liie-hractei.late ami li\ e-l.ibcd ; Iji.ii I-
Icls linear, slightly limber than the laiiienlate, ..eule. erect lc.be.^. Fiu:l:
head sessile: style lilifonn ant' stnintih ptnrin.:,e.

.A very cnriotis plant. Its -c:ieral a|ipcarance is that of
bearing three larjje dull rcti buds on ti three-brtmcheil reil
stem, with ,t niiniber of little leil bracts citistered ;i' the
fork ; for the pale |iink or yellowish petals are so snii;;!'. hiil-
dcn ;twa\ within the laly.x that _\oii ilo n,,t ob>erve Ihem at a
casual j;iancc. 'I'he closcil cal\ x iornis these fat bmls, whit h
have live slcnrler reHc.\cil btai t, set between their lobes, and
Itdin Ihcir |iiiinted lips protrude a miniher of yellow stamens.

When Hie petals tind .sep:ils lali ..If the l.mf,' plumose tails
Ihat adorn the ripened hciids ol the ,\vens .are e.vceeilin,L;ly
altrailive.

Mau\ 'ony finely cut leaves L^row al the base of this ..!;i!!!

il!]
Ill

Ml

I'INK ill Kill

Stems: irii
■ lie Flowers

ROSEWORT

S,-itiiiii ir/^iiliiiii. llr|,inu I'.iiiiiU
""lili-, i'l.il.ri.iK. Leaves: .n.il. ,,l,ln,i' .11 iIh

«!■', "kh'I j;;,,; '" "'"■ "'"' '■''^"' ^'••""■"- ""■ i-i"-"-^ ""-

•n.c M,K,1! |„„-,,l,.h-,v,l H„„..r. ., ,|„s .h„rt thuk ph,„,

;;'"' """• 7" ^'^''^^ " ^'-""^ "> "- '■™<".- i-."con

GREAT WILLOW-HERB

Stems; 111

I.ltr. fnii'-f, I

Flowers : iii,iL;t.'ni,i, in if|-

-"|,K. ,„- l„.,u„l,c-,l. ,l,,l,n,u,. Leave,: :,l,.,„.„, ,,„„,, „
'' II-." >li.-.l|.«. li.„n™i,| ,„ ,1,, |,,„, ,,,„,

"'" ';'" ^"""^ ^■-•- '" "- Mnkn,^ ,,h„„ n.c ,„ an
'"'■"-^' ''^''f '■' """■ '-■'■>- 'i-.'^h l.v,,uon,K ,:,,i,,, „„,
;■'■"""";■'"'""" ''^"■'■""-- '" l"'^l"l"itVi.sl. Il.m.rs, ,„„hKh

-i.>A>.H..,lm,l..,lin.„l,„„-M-,„u.,„>a,„ll,„„-h,r:;c n,„„,',..r
""''-17' 1-^''- Tlu. ,„„,.., i,,, .„^„,,, a. ,1,. a,,.x ,„ ,„J
l"n.u M> k- ,s cM,v„,cK ,,nm,„K-,„. Thr ini.l., ii). , ,| the k- avr.
'l..-K.n-,.h-l.„,U,an,l,l,.,aKvu,l,c. aivalia ,!,.ll',vd'

•■"^"---'-"'i-l"...n,,,u.an.l,,,.,U,,,„|,,u..,,U,,L
"'7''' '" "'"''' '>'">^'>l'-l a ^.v,l ,ha, al„„u„.K fall. ,„
car, M-.k,„^. „„,.„,,„ ,|„„,„„,„^,l,,^.,„^,^^,_^^|-^^___^^_

ll-":.nW:^,^,^,„,„.i„,„„,,.,„,,„„^, ,;.,„„, ,,„|,^,,,

'"'■'"'■^ '" ""■ '■"' '!'■" ""■ """.-'^ -nm '„Mli,.,.„

'""^'7', ^^'"'-'-" -'- - .1- KM :m,!,:i:.,j:

ic-,cml.l,' iliM.c Ml x\k Uilinu

I'l \ll: Nl IV

MOLXIAIN lloui.K...

'47

thKs plant, ami a vo, ,,,,,.., ,pn.a. ,,n., ,,,.,,,,, ,H. ,,j;^,,;

an cauuly >,„.., ™„„., u,, .l,a. have,.™ . ar u

ami desi.laicd hj I,, rest t.ccs,

"Slran^-cH.mvr, ,l„ purple mak.n^. h.,-tc
l"Klorily i.uh Mackiind «aM,

Of lirt-swcpt land
Is with a lilc'ssL-il im-aiiinK Irau^lit,
AiKl vvf — wlHi, pain hath fully «r,„,;;hi _
Shall underslaml."'

£. .u,,„st,foHu,n r.„: .■„n,s.-,ns. „r l>,„k \\,,low-horh is
another spcces rcsomblin,. „,,. „„,„„„^, .,„^. ,^,, .

l.-ely pale p,„k H,.wcrs marked by r„se.<„,.H,r«l vems

WATER WILLOW-HERB

'■/•-IM,,,,, l„lij„n,„„ |.:venin« IVunr,,,.- l-'auuK.

'•nlirL', lanreclali-, ai-uli
illy-hratli'il nicemes; |

Stem.: crt-cl, hranchii,^-. !,„„,, ,^.,,j
'".111 L-u.l.s. thick. Flowtrs; majjenla in
tniin : ^li^rn,a fi.ur-l.ibCTl.

A very han<Ls„me species „f \Vill„«-.her!., which .tov

wet places an,l ,™rshes. ur near water. It ,„av ahvnv

rec„K^n,ze<l hy i,., lar„e bri.^ht ti^.^enta fl„uers and the',

oms..ppe™e<,f the stems ami leaves,-,hat is ,„ sa;

he wh,t,shhl,„.n,whuh covers thetn. The le.aes are'
thick ami very soft.

sh at

.etals

IS in
s be

;laii-

■ I'y

also

ALPIME WILLOW-HERB

/■PM.„„„ „„.,^.,//,./,„.,„„„ ,,„,„i,„ pHntros. Kamilv

S..„.: !„„.,„„„( ,l,:,n«at,hcape.v. L«v„: ,„,,,,i„ „,,„„

•■•la' ,.pcx. F,.„„.: ,,„. avillar,, duster.,! a, the ^,,,7':^^^
-K..a en„re. K,„i,: .eeds .„,„„ hort-heake... ,-,„„a Z^^ Ji;- i,""^

A nny dwar, plan, from two to six inches hi«h, ,r„wi„.

iin lofty snniniiis If

't.

iieiiiiies white

I4.H

I'INK It) kih

ll"U\T>, whu h iiotl ;u tlu.' li'p ol the sk'iiclcr siiij;k' >, 'ins, \\\>
whitli a U-w |Kln•^ nl litttf uhlmiL; Icavrs Ltrmv. It has been
iniin 1 ill Ihu iininciiM' ;;llilink- dt lo.ooo k-ct.

HORNEMANN'S WILLOW-KERB

l:p!loi>iiiiii Ni'nii-iiiiiniii I a lmiiiil; I'litnnisL- I''ainil;.

Stems: iTfCl, >iiii]ilf ur iicariv >n. Leaves: :.!ion-|iiniti]cil, "\ ate, liruiuily
(iliiiHf .11 till; .ipc.\. iKinnwed .il till- li,i>u. ciuiic til luinolfl) dfiitiLul.ili',
tiii'i. Flowers: k-w in llit- ii|»|'ti .\\\U: \nt;iii.i tiuiiv. Fruit: tajisiilt-s

A i.>miii(iii spt-'tius <^i W illuu -IktIi thai i;i(i\\.> \.h ml L'if;lu

itu Ik-', hi.^li, ix-ai>. small p:ir|iii^Ii-|iink in' uhJa- ti.Mci:. thai
at'c sirniif-'K voiiK'ii. aiui ha> \< v\ !i dl; -.li-U'i'-r i':i;>--uk-s. ur
suotl vessels, on its re'klish slaiks. The pretM httle hlnssonis
aru- sLiri-niin<lei[ b\' a ;^reu'i ( ah .\ atu! ;>iirni<i!',iil the narrow
ea;»Mi!.->, whiili are usuaiK Irnm ...x me'i tn twn iiielies lnii^.

NORTHERN TWIN-FLOWER

iJumea Ih'ii'iilts. ' iniK\ Mickk- l-.miik

llr:iiu lifs sIcikUt, trailiii;,. Leaves : ■ ' ^-ciirt'ly crL'iiatc, tliiek. Mniii'tiiui-s
widtT Oian tiiiiii Flower* , Vwt»-t]i)Hfi\'d. nurUIini; : [jedunrlL'-' slfiidiM,
trc-Lt, U\()-i)racli'il at :ln; sum mil . i.aK x-tuht' rivi'-ltilu-J : rorulla [iii.iilar-
tanii>:uui!ati.'. ii\ (.■-lulled

This iitvelv l:-a;;rant plant, (.alleii alter llie ;^roal Linn^fiis,
the I':Uher ni I^.itlany. is a

"Muiuna-in 'A tlie Mav ..i nM«t.T>."

^sh.' !n\e'l its eNqiiisilc i>nil- iicll'^ abn\e all else ni Na'i;re.
ami nho seale'l \w^ prelerenrc by aduptin;; it as his i rest

There i'. im mure elKin.iinj;" spot in the mountains tnan
>onie se(|ueslere'l nook or shi'.dy hank <.aipeto<l and aiinrnetl
b\ the (lelitiile Irailirii,' Irani hes ol ihc Noilliern 'I"\vinllov.cr,
its ^■1oss\ liP.'en !ea\es m!:i;;lin^" with the moss, and its j)a!e
pink pair-, of bell>. veined an-l hned wiili rose colour, »^ro\vjn^

I'l Wl \|V

MOl .MAIN KIOUIKS

151

in lavish |in.fusi(m anil •■ ^;x-nll> i,, the |>assin- hrcivc (liffusinK
fiaxranii.- " T\k slumkT stalks of this vine stand up ctuc t,
and, (..rkin;; iK'ar the sninniit, huai ..11 iiiIrt side Iwindicrn
lienilrnt blnssnms nf lair luvcliness

Seeking; the shade and ni..isture. this |>lant a\(iiils (■xpi.sed
• a siMin\ plaies, lor

■■ Ik'tiiMtli ilini aisles, ill .xi.irMiis Iit-ds,
rliv slifhl l.iiiiiaa h.ui^js ils Iwiiilinrn IumiK."

and IV ainds ns as «e Kalher its >;raeelnl perfumed liells tliat
"sweetest (if all thin;,'s is wil l-tlnwer air."

It iswidel) ilistrdiuted th:.iii;;h.Mit most northern e.-untries,
and Is fnund even ithin the liiniis ..f ihe Aretie Cinle.

SMOOTH LEAVED HONEYSUCKLE

/,.«/.,

H..iu->siKl.k- lanuli

Twiiiii, , the lir.inthes KJalir.ius. Luvea: i h.irtaeumis-inart'inc-il, nnl
tiliatc, uiilv tlie u|)|itr pair c(iniuilc-|H;rl(>iiatf. Flowers: n-riiiillale in a
sliiirl, l.rminal, inlcrrii|ilcil spike; iimilla >ell.™ i]iaiii;iii); 1,1 ml, ilit
tulu- sln.nKlv Kihixius at the liase, ihe l«,vii|,|,e,l iiml. stuirter lliaii tlie
tulie ; staniL-iis anil style exserteil.

A elimbint; vine, with pairs iif sninoth leaves einered with
a (lelieate lilnom ^fwing alnnx its bram 'us. .inly the upper
ones jnined tii^ether rminil the stem, whii h bears .u its ape.\
a eluster of red and {,'old Howers. These blossoms are Irum-
pct-shai)ed, and the five stamens and style |.roje(t beyond the
corolla, which is vermilion outside and \ellow within. The berry
is soft and juii > .Sometimes this vine is lalled Woodbine, and
Shakespeare in his exquisite roniaiueol .7 M:,/siii)im,i \ii_'J,t\t
/hrttm refers to this fact when lie makes Queen Titania sav
to Kottom the Weaver, with whom the l-'airy Kin.i; Oberoii
lias caused her by means of a I'W phillei to fall in love :
''.Sleep thnu, ami I \\ill wim! thee in iiiv aiiii>.
So iloth Ihe wiiHlhine tlie sweet liiine\ ~.,ckle
{iently entwisi.'

^1

MlCHOCOPy MSOlUIiON TEST CHAUT

i*N5l and ISO lEST CHART N„ 2|

1.0 [fi^ Ilia

!^ I- 11 2.2

I.I

1.25

1.4

IIM

1.6

^ APPLIED INVIGE In,

^^ '65J Eoil Moir Streei

—-^ Rof^wsler, Ng.. York 1*609 IJSA

r^a <"S) *62 - OJOO - Pnone

i'lXK II) klji

Mill'iii ill /.uhi.is >|KMks ,.f "ilic \vi-ll-;iitiiM u.«Nlliinf,"
■ukI truly, l,,r HO ■•f,'ail(lin;;- vine" was L-vcr -nuxd with finer
"1- ninrr |ra;;nint tlnucrs.

SpellMT calls it l,y tholiU'i- nanu-nf ( ;//•;•//>/,■, nr ('...at-kaf.
iKvailSL', like the mnmitain !;uat, it rlinihs .,vcr almost inac-
cessible cra^;s ; the l-"ivnch and Italiai names are also similar,
lienif; resjiectively Cli, vir-fiiiill,- anci ( 'al-rifoi;lut.

RIUGH FLEABANE

/uiX,r,:,l ^/„/;-//„,. l-(,:ii|,„Mtc |-aniily

IVrcnnial In a n,,..dj c stems: -\m^,W ,,r lir.uulicil al.civc. s.niio-

limes iiirsiitc. Leaves: ],i:l*scem. ciitiri-, the l.as:,l „nes si,.ilulate; Mcm-
leayts i)lil,mK-l,„un,laa-. „l,tUM- .,r :Kutf. Flowers: nc:H!s >cvcni] „r
SDlitary, iiiviiliitre liemisphi-ric. Iiirsuic: lavs vltv iiar;i>», a!«iut liiie
luindrfcl or niorf.

This charmin- I-'leabane .unnvs in dry soil and bears H,,wers
"I man\- hues, pink. in:m\e, i ream, and white, Ithaslnnj;
narrow leaws, which, together with the stalks, are hairv.

I

rosy

\v,.(,l

tion

th

narr

lilan

PINK EVERLASTING

-hilfniutii.i fi.inijolia i;ir. rosea. CiimpD.sitc Famih-

■|"C.-.iM--«Diilly, surculosf, forming liroad patclics. Leaves: hasal ones

ulatc or oliovate, %vliite.canescent on both siiles: stem-lciives linear.

ile. Flowers: heads in :i terminal cajjitale or corymbose cluster.

I he I'iiik Keerlastin,;; is so conspicuous In- reason of its
cnicklini;- Howers, with their white silky centres and white
ly stems and leaves, that it rec|uires little definite descrip-
for identification. It has :i tuft of procumbent folia-e at
base, and all the way up the stem there clinj;- many tiny
iw leaves, Crowin,-,' from tw.i to twehe inches hi,;;h. this

t will be founil in the ,s:ane localities as the white species.

I'l AIK MAI

DWARF BILUEBRY

/ tUiillillll

■•sf>il,isiim. Huiklfbcrry |-i,milv

Stems
thk-kly s
MlL'l't, 1.1

miah liraTiclK-d
rruliile, reticuhitt'-\-i
11^ bfry, with :i 111

Lea,«: (ilxnate l,i cm.iMtc..,I,loii^', „l,iu^e,
■••'"■ Flowers: lorolla (natt. Fruit: l:irKe,

The Dwarf Hilhcrry is r.alh a tiny sl,nib, l,ut is placal ,n
this VcU„„, :.. i, is so small ,ha, ,c„- people would ,l,i„k of
l<.okin,i; tor it in the I-Ioweriii- Sliruhs Seetion.

It Krows only from tliree to seven inehes l,i:;h, anil has
many little tine branehes thiekly eoverecl with leaves, which are
bri,=,.ht Kreen on both sides. These stcn,-branches bear nun,er-
ons tiny, bell-shaped, pinkish or white flowers, with the calyx
five-toothed and about ten stamens. The.se in time turn to
sweet blue berries, covered with a rich blo.mi, and so lar-e as
to be out of all proportion to the plant.

r. Myrtillus, or Alpine Bilberry, closely resembles the pre-
calms species, but arrows slightly taller and has a ver,- promi-
nent n,,d-rib in its leaves, which latter are e.vtremeb- shiny
It also has pale pink or white bells. The berry is black and
noddinLr.

MOUNTAm CRANBERRY

l-aciinium nti,./,tm,. Hiakk.herry Family

Ilranches lifted ,r.m creeping; .s,e„,.s. Leaves: crowded, oval, emarH.
nate, sh,„,„g al,„ve, pale hris.lj and dark-dotled be„ea,h File's
crowded ,n a short terminal .secund and „,„ldi„^r bracteate laceme

1 he most remarkable feature of this low, creeping, ever-reen
shrub IS that it has numorotis black bristly dots beneath the
oaxes. The clusters of tiny, wa.ven, pink bells grow on erect
branches, which spring from the creeping stems an<l attain to
a height of about eight inches. The berries are dark red and
very acid.

'5'' I'lNK Id Kl.l)

I Ii(iul;Ii 111 rc:.lit_\ ,i slnul), uiiK h nUMii^ liijt it is a wnnK'
plant whosr ^ituiN ,],, n,,t ili,. i|,,«n in tlir ,;;riiun(i in llu-
wintiT, llu- lilllr Mdiimaiil CianlH-nv is plaiol in llii-. St-c-
ll'iii. will ..■ must irailirs uill l.iok Imt it

SMALL CRANBERRY

(',U',,.,,«.t ;■»/,■,//■/,. Ilmklvl.firv laniily

llraiuiits ii^rriHliii^. Stems: vrry slfiiikT, lu'i'liint,', r<".;iii:; at llu'
la-vs. Leaves: tliiik, f\a-rL,'K-cn. n\ alf, tiilirf, ihf maixiiis rtMilntc.
Flowers: unibuilate. nodiliiiL; oa trtd lilitiitni pcdi-ils; rornlla ],ink.
Fruit: hL'iry ;;IoIk)m.-, atiil-

A rfui'pin,;;- shrub, uitli allfinati_' Icaws that arr ilaik i^rrrn
al)o\c anil whitt.- licnvatli. It is ,\ay drlicati-U iHiim-d and
ix-scinhlcs a slcnilir tlailiiiL;- \inL' lar lllnrc th:n> a shiiili, whiih
!;itti-T wnrd uc arc aii nstonit-d l)\- innunun iis;i;;-c to ajiph nnh'
tn tall, stinil, or bushy plants. 'I'hu fnur nr li\c tiny narrnw,
pink divisions of the corolhi :uv spread wide o|)cn ;nid reveal the
anthers eonver^in:;- into :i cone, diieh is e\treniel\- prominent
when the Hower is expinded. 'Idle fniii is ;i round, red, ii;ie\,
many-seeded berry. 'I'his CraidK-ta-v .;;ro\v:i ehiefl\- in iri:i'~hv
places and swam|)s, also akaiL; thi' mar,i;ins of lakes and pools.

RED BEARBERRY

. /;vAM/<r///i'/^'A- ('7-ii-i.rw'. ilcalli F.amih-

Dil^u.st'ly nuicli ia-aiieliL'cI, and rooting' ;it the nodes. Leaves: ohlnnL.'-
spatillalf, nljtu.se, taijerin;; into a short petiole. Flowers: few, in short
racemes; corolla ovoid, constrictetl at ihe throat. Fruit: i,'!ohose, drupe
red. i:l;i!)rous. comaiiiin,^' live coalescent nudets.

Another tniilin.i;' shrub which is e\ce«lin,:;iv h;indsonie ; it
,;;-rows in depressn! patihes several feet in diameter, from a
sinijle ni;un root. !; Is iisu;ilh foinn! ireepin:;- o\er dr\ j;Tavellv
places, and covering- the rocks witli its bright little everi;reen
leaves, [n the autumn these leaves turn bronze, and lovelv
scarlet, dry, berry -like Iniits L'eni the spreadin<; branches.

I'l Ai i: \iA i[

{Anlt-iiiidii,! p,u-7 ih'h.i 7.n. i.'u.i)

MCn'MAIN il.i)\M,RS

White Hushed with msc i
riovvers, innstrkted at the thi

SWt'L't iHinlir.

lat, ami

these
"i\iii"-

tun idiinileil
l.iiili A laint

■ liiiR

, tlif 1

iw, i.Tcf]Hll;; \

■ frii-tni> Willi iIh
and llu' iiiiissfs,

IIrti- (liisL- lu lii';

(la/iiiL; aldll ;U eaili pine-plame tli.ii airit\, i)!a\tullv tosses
'Neatli Ilif l)luc sli;. '

Doiilitless the name Hearl)errv is ileri\ed linn, tlie laet that
liruin Is very fuiKl of the fruit >l the Aicloslixf'livliu. thciu','h
with small '^mwc l)ir<ls, and especially ^n>use. it is also a iavour-
ite article iif fodd. The Iiiilians call it Kiniiikunc and prize
it tor its asirin^jent pniperties, usin'; it as a nie<licine and also
in the ■' cvnin}; " "I animal skins.

./. alpina, or Alpine l!earl>err\. is a very tiny species, from
two to four inches lonj;. and is foimd f;r"»in^' on mountain
summits as hif[h as 7000 feet. It is usually prostrate, with
thin, L()ns])icuoiisly \ ined tea\'es, a fi-w pale pink or white
flowers, and bri>;ht re^ juicy berries. This is also a shrub and
in spite of its small si/e has shretklv bark.

RED FALSE HEATHER

Biyaiit'nt^ cmpctrifoi mis. Heath Family

Densely much hraiuhed from th^' liase. Leaves: stronjily revohlte,
thiciiened and rouj;li margins. Flowers: umbellate, sulitended by folia-
ceous and rigid l)racts : corolla deep rose colour, canipanulate, tive.Iobed.

The False Heathers — there are no true Heathers indige-
nous to this continent — are also low branchinj; shrubs, but are
placed in this Section for the same reason as are the small
Vaccininms and the Aivtostapliylos, namely, because it is here
that the traveller will e.xpect to find them, deeming them
orlinary flowers and not flowering shrubs.

The Bryantluis cmpctriformis grows abundantly in the
moun' ains, and at very high altitudes. It is a wonderfid sight

_^^^ IM\k Id Kii,

ly -■■■■ .H !,■ "P"ii.»R- ,.,vi.,v,| u;ll, iI,1h-.„,i,|,i| |„.i|, ,|,„,| ,1,^,

^ ■!- "Ml,,. h,iK,n„i„K., ,I,„,K. „,,,,, ,.,„,,nU.,„>.„li,

''■'"'"' "'"''^'^' ..-.n,|,.n,,„M..„.,i llr.nlKT.uhu.,. |,„„|,:,

llr.,ll,. ll„, Mur.N|K.nl«,H,„„! llu-NrllM» \,„„,
•M-m ., t,-.,<clk., k„„„,h,,„ „HK-':„vihcl,„.s:

■■ Wni-n SM,„„„.,

:iiiil mam- :i

"lur ■.inu-s. 111.- liiMthcr I,
■''liill l'Hi|it lliv k-vl I,, ,,,ve":

!ian ha> ci hunl in his hrart :

■•"■■'"■■■-"■111- livalh. llh-liill. .„„lti,fl„,„i„r
"'■■ ''■■'""■>. ll"^ I'l.'i'lir. .h.kili. a„.l ,i„. |,.,„|„,.
""'■■ - '■•''"■ liiT"i-s llul .^.u,ia,„l,,,n I„UM,
■M.n llK-ir iiuaes ,K'v,r,li,. ,|,.,| •, ., ||i,|,|,[,„|,„,,,,-, ,„,^,,„

'''"''-^-"-•'"'■'l'-lk.atha,„l .In- lU-a,!,.,- ,.,„„„„„:,„,
■HI nation,. a„:l i. tiK. c->|„aal „-an „,■ all „,„u„.an, , l„„l„a .
/.. /.M „„,.,/«,,„■ I'lnkFals. I leather, ,. a UHuh nuvr plan,

^m-l i^ l-iii„l in ennipar-ativuly lew h.ealitie., I h,->, ,v|„

|iM,t,.

" >■■■■<" l!ic Selkiik Mountains ,n ,<,o,, thnn^^h „'h„l |„vv,
''"^'^'"""'-^ ■'-'^•■'™"-l<">l,e,lnMae„„n,l„a„n.;,„n,,,

anJ Dawson,

It is eas,ly known to ti-avelle,-s In tiieans of it, loveK ,nl ■
V'nk hells. The folia;;e is piveiseK sintila,- u, that of /,■ ,J.^,'
Jon,ns. hut the Hower clilTers in a ,ew ^e,■> ntino,- pan,eula,x

SWAMP tAUREL

„,,i!';,r',!":,'l'"'7'"'T""''r- '-""' «->•■■ n..,rKs.,sii,., ii„e.„-

|„,Us~l 1 ■- ""'^'ly .-cvnluu.. F,„>.ers: in s„„p!. ,.,„,i„,,| ,,„l,d,;

'■"I- ,a,,s, . sc-i,,,], ,u.it.-. ,„ucli imbricated, p>-,-sislait

Ve, ano,i,erl,ttlesh,-uhplare,iinti,isSee,ion, (;,-ow,nt;

■.uaKaho„ta„,othi,h,,ho„,hf,v,,uent,vonlvafe„i,u-he:

Uh tl.a,-s at, e ends, f„s slender h,-an,hesla,-^eelus,e,-s

l>MH.,l rose-,v,| ,„- „,;,.e„,a H„we,-s, whirh have a hve-lohed

I'l Ml \l \ III

Kki, K,\i.-.k Hkahmk
>6i

■\iiii M \l.\ iKmi.ks

-r„ll,> .,,,,1 ,.„ M,„„c„s. uh... Mhuncnls .„c ^li.luK >,„
-)--..,,,,, I,. ,v>i !,,,,.,,,,,,, he,. I,.,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,;,,,,,
f"""l'i--'»lmhMrc|.la,,-,l Ik-Iuu ,!,.■ |„„|„ ,„ esi,,,,,!.,! 1

'■l.l.c„„vV^,. I<y...i.i,.,lu. „„„.,., l«c„fUK.Su;,„,,..;,

t,^mlyw„h>„urH„K.r,>,„ I ... th. li„K. m.,„ J. .,„

W..scn.l,n,f,,r,l,a.l,,,.„,,, ,.„ , , ,hcir ,„„1, ,.

lis cvaxr..,, f„|n,..e ,s dark «,■..„ ,.|,„v. .n,! , nvcv.l w,

,""■■ '• "' '"••"™'l'. "l'»h l^'ner . h;,ra,tc.ns,„ ;;,vc. „

'listitiKinshinK title nf,4V,,«,v/.
The Swamp Laurel, as its ^„m

»ecl,
ten

nel
in;;

li a
llle

marshy grmmil.

iim.Mi name implies, ^jrows

RED WINTERGREEN

I'yroUi „ui,,j,,!i,,. Hcuth Family

Stems: s! apesix-tii-twtUc flnwcr.'fl »
rtnir„rm. wi, ,r ,h .n 1 , - " •""■.ct.„u.s. .,l,ini„K .,l„,ve.

The tall re,l stalk of this WinterKreen, with its numem.is
n.Kl.l,nK r„,sy blossoms, ,s exeeo<lin,.|y attractive, especiallv as
It «r,nvs ,„ the deep moist woo.ls, where few flowers flu.iHsh
-HvinK to the absence of all sunli^^ht. Ve. v fra.^rant also is this
ciuamt plant, to which the name of VVinterKreen has been
Kuen on account of its ever^^reen foliaKe. The Ion;; out-
'■-'.vetl style, which protrudes far beyond the floral cnii, is
«reen and has a dull red stigma, while the ten stamen are
■Pt c<l by dark, slightly beaked an.her-sacs. The calyx is en-
tirely of a <leep red hue, and the petals are bright , ..loured a,
he outer edges, shading into palest pink in the centre The
leaves grow in a cluster at the base and arc thick, tough, and
Klossy A ew narrow little bnacts ding to the flower-stalks

Sheltered from the wind and the sun, half hidden by mosses
and tangled undergrowth, but always preferring a damp spot

1 64

liNK 10 KK1>

U) a dry one, the Red VVintcrgrcen gnivvs in cliiso companicin-
ship with the lovely One-flowered VVintergreen, the Lonj;-
bracted Orchis, and the Butterwort ; and if )<)ii know the

'■ Secret paths tliat thread the forest land,"

yon may find them in |)r<ifusion, mingled at your feet b)- happy
chances, — a gay holiday throng.

BIRD'S-EYE PK..HKOSE

Pritmilti farinosa. Primrose Family

Leaves: oblong, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, taperinfj
into petioles, the margins crenulate. Flowers; umbellate; bracts of tlie
involucre acute ; calyx-lobes acute, often mealy; corolla salver-form, five-
cleft: Stan- ens five included filaments ; anthers very short, oblong, obtuse.

A tall species of Primrose, with pink, lilac, or very occasictnally
white flowers, which grow in a cluster at the top f)f the long
stalks antl are sah'er-sha]>cd ; that is to sa)', the divisions of
the corolla .spread out fiat at the top of the tube and disclose
a yellow eye with five stamens forming a dark "pupil " in the
centre of it. Hence the name of Hird's-eye. The leaves are
long-shaped, being usually mealy white beneath, as denoted in
the term farinosa, and all grow in a tuft at the base of the
plant, surrounding the long bare Hower-stalk, on the top of
which a few small bracts will be found just below the b'ossoms.

P. A/istassi/tit-a, or Dwarf Canadian Primrose, is similar to
the preceding species, but murh smaller, growing only to an
average height of four inches, whereas P. farinosa is usually
about ten inches tall. The tiny leaves are all set in a tuft
close to the ground, and are rarely mealy underneath ; while
the flowers are pale mauvish-pink in colour. Botn these Prim-
roses grow in very wet places. The generic name. Primula,
refers to their early season of blossoming, for, as the poet says ;

" Primroses, the sprhig may love them,
Summer knows but litde of them."

MOL'NIAIK FIOUKKS

I6.S

SHOOTING STAR

Ihnlccatluon fHuiiiJhiriim. I'rimrosL- I'amilv

St™.: scape glabrous. Leaves: lanceolate, entire. Flowers: seKments
of tlie corolla rich purple-pink, the undivided part yellow, with a scalloped
ring of deep purple midway between the base of the segments and the
stamen-tube ; stamen-tube yellow ; anthers purple.

From two to cifjlU of these quaint purple-pink flowers, each
one on its own imlividual tiny stem, grow at the ends of the
stotit main stalks of the plant. Several of these stalks grow
up from every root. With their refle.ved petals, resembling
those of the Cyclamen (which also belongs to the Primrose
Family), and their queer little pointed no.ses, the Shooting
Stars are rather remarkable-looking flowers. They remind
one of some bright-winged butterfly poised on the apex of a
scape. The lea\es all grow in a cluster at the foot of the
lilant and are long-shaped and tapering towards the base.
Very occasionally the flowers are white. The scientific name
is derived from the Greek dodcka, "twelve," and theos. "gcxl,"
thus signifying " twelve gods." Its application is not very clear,
though I.innxus imagined he .saw in its umbels of bright
crowned flowers a little congress of divinities, and hence
named it for an Olympian gathering of the gods.

RED MONKEY-FLOWER

Mimulus Le'.t'isii. Figwort Family

Stems: numerous, pul)escent. viscid. Leaves: oblong-ovate to lanceo-
late, denticulate, acute. Flowers: peduncles longer than the leaves ; caly.v
long, campanulat. , its triangular teeth verv acute ; corolla with broad
throat and bilahi:)te limb, lobes of the upjjer lip obcordate, of the lower
lip obovate.

A tall handsome |ilant, with ample foliage. The leaves are
sharply toothed at the edges and very pointed at the ai^ex ;
they grow in pairs, clasping the stem, and from their axils

*'i

166

I'l.NK 10 KKI)

m

spring the slontlcr Howcr-stalks bearing brilliant magenta blns-
sonis. luich of those bNissums has a long green cal)x, from
ont of which comes the richly coloured tube, that sjireads open
into tivo lips, the upper one being reHexeil and two-lobed and
the lower one spreading and three-lobed. The throat has two
yellow i>atches inside and is covered with white hairs ; indeed,
the whole plant is extremely hairy and sticky, and has a sweet
sickly smell.

The favourite haimt of the Red Monkey-flower is some
damp hollow, either in marshy ground or on the banks of an
alpine stream. Though never actually growing in the water, it
may frequently be found flourishing luxuriantly on those little
islands .so common in the midst of mountain river.s, where,
sheltered by other large moisture-loving herbs, it attains a
height of from one to two feet.

Mimiilns is the diminutive of the I^tin miiiiiis, meaning
" a mimic actor," and alludes to the laughing face of the flosver,
which appears to shoot out its ripe red lips in mockery at the
traveller as he |)asses by, oix'ning its mouth in a droll grimace
that displays its yellow throat. Hence also the common name
Monkey-Hower, given in allusion to the ape-like pertness of the
plant's apiiearance. Thus man has set a " cap and bells " upon
the Mimulus and ap|)ointed it buffoon to the Court of Nature.

RED INDIAN PAINT-BRUSH

Castilleiii septentrieitaUs. Kigwort Family

Stems; .simple. Leaves: .ilternate sessile, undulate or crenate, tlie
lower cues linear, the upper ones lanceolate, acuminate; bracts oblong,
oval, obtuse, .as long as tlie sessile flowers. Flowers; in dense, terminal,
leally-br.icted spikes ; corolla tubular, very irregular, not longer tlian
the calyx, .is limh bilabiate ; calyx tubular, cleft on both sides to about
the middle, usually .again two-clefl.

This flower, though actually of a jxile greenish-yellow colour,
is almost entirely enfolded in a long, tubular, gTcenish calyx, so

I'lATK XI.IX

Kr:D MoNKKv-Fi.dUKK

MOLNTAIN KI.OUKRS

169

that ,t ,s ch.efly cnspicous by reason of its larKc- Kor^eoasly
coloured bracts of pink, rose, scarlet, crimson, or oran.c (an.l
sonjefmes white), and therefore I have placed it in the Pink
.0 Red Secfon, for it is here that most people will look for
n, as only botanists are ever likely to «oess that it is not in
reality a gaudy flower.

The Red Indian Paint-brush is the only alpine wiki flower
that really rivals the scarlet -eraninm of our cultivatal garclens
and no grander sight may be seen by traNellers than where
from "tree-lme," close to the e^lge of the eternal snows that
enfold the towering mountain tops, <lown into the deep green
heart of the valleys, the slopes and steeps are clothed with a
n-ai-vellous mantle of vermilion a„d golden Csti/kias. As the
Mmhght flames across these r ,al-robed hills every blossom
blooms and burns with effulgent glory, mitil
'■ Karth 's crammed wiih Heaven,
And every common busli afire with (iod."
No words can describe the brilliant beauty of such a scene
far from uncommon at the higher altitu<les, where many s,,ecies
of Casn/kia thrive abundantly, and you may walk for miles
across meadows and banks whereon the Paint-brushes and
lamted-cups (,>r Flame-flowers, as they are sometimes calletl)
run rtot m magnificent profusion. Every colour, every shade
from coral p„,k to cardinal, from canary tint to tangerine,is grow-
mg and blowing on either han<l, with here and there a single
snowy sp.ke to emphasise the splendid conflagration of colour
It IS wonderful to note that all this carmine and gold is not
lavished on the corolla of the flower at all, but only on the
bracts, which are set below each insignificant blossom, from
whose cleft tube the long pistil protrutles. The plant grows
from SIX mches to two feet high and the leaves have wavy or
scalloped margins.

The Castilleias are parasitic on ihe roots of other plants-
that IS to say, they sometimes fasten their roots ujion thosj

170

l'l\ , l<) RIOI)

(if their nci^'hbuiirs ami thus prey \}\v>[\ juiecs alrciuly |)artially
assimihitcti. They have not, however, as yet ijecome hardened
thie\es: if they had, they would have lost their lca\'es and ^reen
coloiirint; matter (ehlnrophyll), for every plant that turns pirate
is ])unishetl by Natine, antl branded fur all the vv(jrkl to see,
by beinj; ^Tadually deprived (»f its foliage and its honest hue.
Hut the Oislil/ciii is onl)' fjuilty of petty larceny, bcin;,' bvit a
partial p:'rasite, and so far it is the botanist, and not Nature,
who has denounced its backsliding'.

C. paHida, or White Indian Paint-brush, much resembles
the precedinf; species, but its flowers and bracts are always
greenish-white, cream colour, or palest yellow. It is a small
short plant, with slender stems and tiny narrow leaves, and it
only ftrows at very high altitudes.

Though this s|)ecies properly belongs in the White to Green
Section, it is placed here for greater convenience.

BRIGHT PAINTED-CUP

CaililUia itiiittiitd. [• igwort Family

Stems: numerous and tufted on a short rootstock, mostly simple and
strict. Leaves; lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire. Flowers; spikes
short and dense ; corolla long : ^;alea e. serred, lontjer than tlie tulie. the
short lower lip protuberant and callous witli .short, ovate, involute teeth.

The leaves of the liright Painted-cup are entire; that is to
say, their margins form an tmbrokcn line and are not wa\v,
nor have they une\en rounded teeth like those of C. scptcii-
triomxlis. The coroll;i is very pale in colour, but the bracts
are nearly alwa\s red or magenta.

Thorcau speaks thus of the jjrairie species:

" The Painted-ctip is in its prime. It reddens the meadow. - Fainted-
cup meadow. It i.s a splendid show of brilliant scar'-t, the colour of
the Cardinal Flower, and surpas.sinK it in mass and profusion. I do
not like the name. It does not remind me of a cup. rather of a flame
when it first appears. It might be called Flame-flower, or Scarlet-tip.
Here is a large meadow full of it, and yet very few in the town have

riAii: I.

W Ill ]..M

MOIMAIN KLDUKkS

ever se.„ i, „ i, ,,,„|i„^ „, ^^^ , ,^^,, „,^^^

These words arc o.|uallv applual.lo to the mountain Cs-

an 1 I'.'.n e.i.™ps are hke ton,a,es o, Han.e that run hurn.n,
through the herbage of the hillskles.

" ^< arlL't tufts
Arc Klowin^' in the .^n^^n like Hakes of fire "

iKr how the ancents once worshi|,pe<l the CkI of Fire -ukI
understand.

C limMuyi,. or liradhury's Paintal-eup, „ms- be reeo,.

mt , three or five unequal lobes, the centre one being oblon..
and rounded at the apex, and the lateral ones narrower. "

■• Flowers tliat willi one scarlet gleam

Cover a hundred leagues, and seem

To set the hills on fire."

lONG-BEAKED PEDICULARIS

re,i,\„l,„n Gnvnla,uli,a. Kifrwort family

corolla the galea produced into a filif'rn, i"! ' ' '' " ^^'^-"'•""-l^

are\tth''T"'''t" *"" ''™''"' ""^'-■'" ''"«''-■• ^"' '**="'<^ -hi^h
arc clothecw.th ntany small, fern-like, reddish leaves and a
g^..t.p of tal Ifnnged foliage grows up about it fron, the ground
s a tall plant often attaining a height of e.ghteen tnches;
and tts ernunal sp.kes are long and denseh- flowered with
tmy dull red b,„sson,s, which have a toothjd calv. th.T
nearly asMong as the tooth of the corolla. The corolla is tw.,-

long thread-hke beak, while the lower one is tbree-lobcd

I/-*

I'INK l(> Ki;i)

WOOD BETONY

J',;^hii/it/7^ /'t<i> fx'ui. Ki;;\V()it !■ itmily

Stemi: M..U1. IhkIi. iTfct. simi'l'- Lesvn; liiu.ir i'l (uitlinc, llu- r.uli. .ll
r)iu-s pt-liolfil, piiiii.ili-. iIr- cihloiii; Italiik iiiiiiMU-lv p.irtol, tlic si-unuiits
iiicisciv iltiu.itr, i.iulim- lirii.uU-r in uiitliiic: l.r.ul> iiv.iu-, >linn>T tlian
till.- Iliiwtrs. Flower<; spiku c; lin(lric;il. very iliiisi; ; i.ilyji spatM-ly |iil-
lusu; ciirull;! .n liri>lriii iius, the tulic ci|U,illiiij; llu- .al>\; K-^iii.x lotiKir
ami largiT tiian the Uiwfr lip. it.^ iiiiull.iti- Miiiiiiiit slightly |.r(«luixa at
till- cliliiv filiiiUllatf oriliii-, liiit ncil liiakcd.

A t;ill iniisc pUint, with hamlMimi-, ;;iwn, fciii-liki- Inliiif^c,
lint lUniisy imintfifstin^- tlowcis. On tin- \"\> "I tin- stunt
rucMish stems ^i""' ^'•"K'--. '>•'"">. I'l'i'i^-'l spikus, with many
small lUiU leil Hnwors. which rcscnihlc a |.aiints hoak, with
tluir raisL'il hiiiHlal tipper lips and small lowi-r onus. These
Hnweis are suhtended l)y eunspieiinus hraets, heme the name
/ir,l,/,','Si!.

The Romans had a provc'rb. "Sell your coat and buy
Hctony," and anoth. ■ old saying was. "May yoti ha\e more
virtues than Hetuny." Antoninus Mnsa, physician to the
I'aiiperor .Augustus, wrote in hi^di praise of its powers, stat-
ing' that it would cure forty-seven of the ills to which human
flesh is heir.

I-'ian/ins, in his //is/nn of lliiitts, alludes to its healing
virtues lor animals, lie says of the staL;, "When he is
woun.led with a dart, the only cure he hath is to eate some
of the herbe called Hetony, which helpeth both to ilraw out
the dart and to heale the woimd."

.Sir William Hooker is our authoritv for sayint; that the
comm.m name is a corruiition of Ih-iiU'iuc. bni meanni),'
"head," and Ion "l"i"<1 " "i' "tonic."

I'F. ATI; I I

MOIM Al\ ll,(»«KKs

CALYPSO

'■'«'-'■/'"' '••"t.i lis. Or. hi.l K.cmil)

three l,„,sc l.n„vn,,sh-rcvn scales a,.,l surmo„n,„l U
The- sc[(i(s ami r^.^ls .,< ,hi, ,|„|n,^ ri.mu^ ir.. lii .

When Mrs. Hemans .vn.to

'■ There '5 not a tiow.r l,u, ,l,„ws ,„„„, touch,
In freckle, freck, or stain.
Of His unrivalled pencil "

.t'cCr;,:-;:;:,;,::; "" "— • "'-^ *->

ITN

I'INK K) Kl:l)

FLY-SPOTTED ORCHIS

Or, ni^ rolUHiiifoliti. Ortllitl Family
Stems: slender. Leaves: k'nf solitary, orbicular to ov;il. with one or two
.shcalhiTi^ .sialfs hclow it. Flowers; spike two-to-tell tUiwuTfd, silhtended
by small bracts : sepals later;il ones spreading ; petals similar to the
sepals; lip loiiKcr than the petals, tliree-hibed. the middle lobe lar^jer,
dilateil. notched at the apex ; spur slender, shorter than the lip.

A Idvclv ]i;ilo pink orchis, with ^i single roumlish leaf j;ni\v-
int; at the Ixisc anil roots conipuscd of (Icshy fil>rcs. The
clusters of (lowers arc slijjhtly fraj^rant. ICach bloss.ini has
;i kirnc protnulinj;', flat lip of ])alcst |)iiik, spotted with rose
or i>urp!e, and divide<l into three lobes, the centre one beinj;
notched. A winn-like se|ial stands out on either side, and
the small petals and sepals are ;dl pink, the ari-hed petal that
is bent down over the stamens beinj; spotted with rose-purple
like the lip. It is foinid in moist places and ^rows to full per-
fection where verv wet p-ound combined with a full e.vposure
to the stm is ]>ossihle.

PINK LADY'S SLIPPER

Cyp>if^f:Uiiin auinle. Orcliid Family
Stems; scape pubescent. Leaves: two large basal ones elliptic, thick,
one small leal on scape. Flowers: solitary; sepals lance-shaped, spre:id-
ing. the two lateral ones united under the lip; lip very large inflated sac,
pink with rose veins, the upper interior crested with long white hairs.

A rare treasure, so beautiful in hue, so very fragrant! Only
a single drooping flower grows at the top of each scape, hav-
ing a large pink sac that is split open in front and merely
folded close together, in which particular it differ;- from the
vellow and the white species. .A h.ng narrow sepal spreads
(Hit on either side of the lip, and both the s.'pals and petals
are greenish c)r purplish.

■■ (Graceful and tall, the slender drooping stem.
With two broad leaves below,
Shiipcly the flower so lightly poised between,
,\nd warm her rosy glow."

I'l.ATi: I II

I'INK (;,\l(r !(
{A//iiim li-.itrViitiiin)

MIJLMAIX KLOWEKS

■ , 181

This vorsc aptly describes tl,u fragrant I'.nk Lady's Slipper
or Moccas.n Kl„wer, as i, is ,„ten callccl,-a rare species which
IS ab.s„lntely >,„m,stakable, if only by reason of its sweet
"cl"..r and r,ch and lovely ht,e. The stamens are t.nitcd in a
declmed colt.mn, carrying; a„ anther on either side, and there
is a long tnangular, dilated, sterile stamen arching over the
summit of .he broad three-lobed stigma

The name Cypripalium contes from the Greek, and means

,■""'"' '"■ ''"«l<i"- Truly this lovely pink sl.pper is (it

to adorn tnc foot of the Queen of Beauty'

PINK TWISTED-STALK

Slieph'piis ntseiix. Lily I- an>ily

Stems: from ,-, slmr. stout roolstock rove,«l will, fibrous roots, simple
-r spar.ngly branched. Leaves: lanceolate- -. -ate, abruptly .acuminate
sess,Ie by a brcja . rounded, clasping base, ,l,e n.argins'fi'nely cili '
Flowers: peduncled. segments of tbc perianth lanceolate, the tips spread^
ing. Fruit : a red oval berry^ ' ^

This plant is a near relation of .V. amph,if,>li„s descri 1
in the White to Green Section. It differs from the forego-
iiiK, however, in several essential particulars. In the first
place, it is a smaller plant, has dull purple-pink pendent bells
and ,s nearly always one-ffowerc-d. Then, too, the tiny pedun'
cles are not sharpl)- twisted as in .S". ,»«//,■.,■,>//„.,■, but bend
downwards in a graceful curve. The rosy-hued bells are quite
hidden beneath the leaves and may be seen onlv when the
long stems are turned over. These bells are streaked outside
and lined inside with deep rose colour.

There are two other species of Pink Twisted-stalk in the
mountains, -one called S.auv.pcs. or Curved Twisted-stalk
and the other .V. Imvipcs. or Short-stemmed Twisted-stalk a
very small plant which commcmly gn.ws far west.

I82

whuk to (;ri:i;n

PINK GARLIC

Allittiit ri'iiir-'atif'ji. Lily Kamily

Bulbs cliistertd on ii short roolstock, narrowly ovoid, with a lorii;
netk. Stems: scape slender. Leaves: linear, channelled, or nearly flat.
Flowers: umbel many-flowered, nodding, subtended by two short decid-
uous bracts; perianth segments ovate, acute ; stamens and style exserted.

These clusters (if tiny pink Howcrs, which f;row on long
slender stalks that heml over abrtiptly at the top (hence the
name nrnnuitiim). are characteristically odorous, as ma_\' he
readily initlerstooil. since nlliiim is the Latin for " jjarlic."
From ten to forty Howers form the umbel upon each stalk,
and l)oth the awl-shaped stamens and the style protrude far
beyond the segments of the perianth.

The leaves are long and e.vtremely narrow, in fact grass-
like, being channelled or fiat and terminating either in a blunt
or a fine point.

MOUNTAIN WILD FLOWERS
OF CANADA

SiXTION III

BLUE TO PURPLI- FLOWHRS

SixrioN III

HLUK TO PURl'Lli F:,()\\TiRS

< //ill/ lire Miie /„ piir/i/f, ,
ifis, i[7i,;/ i„ i/ii^

N\'il(i Melii.tropt .
White Heliotrope

'Hilly .,,1, hill 1,1,1

i;,l.'i.
I ■„/,;■.

lUl:itel„

I'lui' (White to (Ireen Section*

WILD CIEMATIS,

ai-mi,/i., CWi,„i/,i„„„, Crovvfool Familj-

The larse l,„-e|y H„„.ers of tlte UilcJ Clematis are attract

thcr petals arc very small and inconspict,ot,s, surrottnL. the
numer,H,s yellow stamens. When in frt.it this plant 2, in

-:^;tr:;i^:t---j^^^^^

sm-,11 1 , ""^^'-i"- The leaves are lormetl of three

-.1, deeply ve.ned leatfots, .hieh «row on slim, rathe^

I,S6

m.ri-. ID I'l Ri'i.i';

This plant is a innstaiU ornanicnl to the alpine wddcIs during
the suninier niontlis, tnr when its true H(»\verini( season is
past the pretty ijreen fn'.afje ami larf^e tults of leathery seeds
still rentier it an objeet of admiration.

PASQUK FLOWER

.tnf"/i"l!' \:tlt<tl/iilHil . L'luwtcnit Kdlllilv

Stems: iT.'Ct, villniis with linii; silky li.iirs. Leaves: tiTriatL-ly (liv'idcil,
the latL-rnl (ii\ isioiis Lwi)-ij.irtL'(i. tlic niiitdlc one stalked and tlircc parted,
the seyments deeply cleft intn linear acute lobes. Flowers: developed
before the leaves; sepals live '.» seven; petals none. Fruit; achenes
compressed, pointed, endint,' in lony teatheiy tails.

The most reniarkahle feature of this large ])ur])le .Anemone
is that it hlossimis before its foliage is developed. Frequently
you will timi lovely speeimens of these flowers in full bloom,
standing up very straight on their thick downy stalks, while
the leaves, whiih are Hnely dissected, are stiil folded up in
soft silkiness about the base of the plant. The five to .seven
sepals are pale pur[)le outside, but almost white inside, and
:ire extremely soft and silky, while below them on the stalk
grows a eirele of very hairy leaflets. Inside the Horal cup are
numerous _\ellow stamens c luslered close together round the
green carpels.

As time i)as.ses the stalks elongate, the ])urple flowers fall
off, and the seeds are formed. Then the heads present a lovelv
plumose ap])earance, for to each seed is attached a long silky
tail, the whole forming ;i pretty feathery tuft.

I'l mi: Mil

-,tii

i'l.ATi': i i\

III

(./' i<tti \nll,illi,uh<)

M'll MAIN HouKKs

191

BlUK COLUMBINE

A,liiil,^i.: Intiiiiyl., i,„„|„„, |..,|„j|j.

St.n>i: slen,ler,«t.t.l,ra,Kl,;„K L-..,. I.a,.,l ,„„ , l.il.rn.,!., I„l,i.,l
ami crena..; ,u-n,.|cHV., U-w. ,uarly «„»,k.. F,„„„., „„,,|i. „,„|,|,„„
liliH! ami while: -inir* «lrorl.

The smallest of the m.iunl;im Culumbincs. it m:iv c-asilv Ik-
rccKni/cl In its rtiaiivisl,.|,h„, an.l i rcaiin l,l„sson,s and us
MTy sh.,rt styles. It is a mure cnm,,:,,! ai„l therefore less
Kraiefiil Huwcr than A.fonnosa or ./. //,;;, „v«j

The Cciliimbine was fust uun.du.e.l iiuo Kn^laiid tr,,rn
the Virginia Colony in tlie rei-n of Charles I, when a ^oun^;
botanist sent I. as a fjift to the -real Tradeseant, j;ardene"r
and herbalist to the Kinj,',

MOUNTAIN LARKSPUR

I'llflnniiii,! /;,„:.'iiii. Vrunfmt I ..mily

Stem.: tall from a fascicle .,f li,kk rnnls. L..,«: numerous, mostly
orl.Rular in outline, live-to-seven partecl, llu- lower into euneate ami the
uii|)er irao narrowrr.elefl and lariniale divisions, petioled. Flowen-
racemes manyMowcreil on short erect pedicels.

The tall Mountain Larkspur is a very handsome plant. It
IS nearly alway.s a rich purple hue, but very occasionally it
bears white or pinki.sh-mauve blossoms. Staiidinf; from .me to
six feet high, these Dclthiuiums (so called fnmi their fancied
resemblance to a dolphin) may be found in immense quanti-
ties in the high alpine meadows, their long tfower racemes
towering up ab..ve a mass of deeply cleft dark green foliage.
Each Hower grows on a tiny upright stalk attached to the main
stem, and has four small whitish petals, the upper pair smooth
and <leveloped backwards, and enclosed in the spur of the
calyx, and the two lower ones deeply notched and very hairy.
The sepals are five in mmiber and of a lovely intense bh';e
col(}ur; the top one is prolonged at the bark into a hollow
spur, and the others are plain

ill
• '1

192

\;\\\: 111 I't Ri'ij';

This plaiu is also i\illc(l Mdnk.sliiiod, tlic rc;isMii wiK-rulcir
may roa(Iil\ Ik- seen.

/). Coliimhiiiniitii, or Hluo Larkspur, is a smaller species
jjrowinf,' only from six to eifjiiteen inihes hi};h and havinj; few-
leaves anil fe"er riowers on its hairy stems. TIkhikIi usuallv
- Bhit' ;is ttu' ht'^ivcn it ^a/es at,"

his Larkspur has sunietimcs white blossoms marked with
ptlrjile \*eins.

EARLY BLUE VIOLET

\'litl,t iO^nata. \'iolet F.iuiily

Acaulescent. KootsKicks sliorl antl thick. Leaves: long-pttioled, cor-
date, with a hroad sinus, tlit early ones reniform, iIil- later ones acute or
acuminate, crenati-ly toothed. Flowers: large: petals \-illou.s at hasi-:
spur saccate.

This larye Early Violet is really of a triu; violet colour,
thou<;h it is commonly called "Hlue"; it groivs most luxuri-
antly in very moist ground, ustially on the low banks of streams
or in the ntarshes, for it is there that

-- Tile purple violets lurk.
With all the lovely children ot the shade."'

Poets have ever loved and jiraised the Violet. The Bard of

A\-on sang of how

- \'iolets blue,
Antl lady-smocks all silver wtiite.
And cuckoo-buds of yllow hue
Do paint the meadows with delight'':

later causing Oberon to relate ;

'• 1 know a bank whereon the wild thyme blows.
Where ox-lips and the nodding violet grows.''

Milton told of the

- \'iolet embroidered vale

('I

i'iait: i,vi

!i!i

MOUNTAIN' H.OWl.KS

197

and Siotl tlainied that

' TliL- violet ill her j,rretiuvood Ijowt-r.

Wlierc liirclien lioiighs with hazel mingle,
M.iy Iniasl herself the fairest llower
111 forest slacle or eopsewooci cliiigie."

L<

hutore

Arabians

■ Shakespeare's day, hi.uever, tile ancient
., Us pniise. It was the I'avnurite Hinver of
Mtihomet, just as it was that ..f \a|>nle..n in miidern times,
and has since beci.nie tlie eiiiljjem ,.f the Hnnapartists, who
still wear it as a token of their deiotion to a lost cause,
remcmberiat;, perhaps, .Shakespeare's proveib that

•• \'iolet is for f.uthfulness."

No lef,dtimist in France will e\er wear these Houers.

The Early Hliie Violet has five lai^e petals that are hairy
at the ba,se, the lower one hein- marked with a tiny, ilark-
\-eined yellowish-white patch on its face, and protruding; at
the back into a small rounded spur. The leaves are broad
and conspicuously veined, many of them beinj; folded inwards
when youn;;.

i: iiciiiiica, or Uoj; Violet, is a smaller dark pmple or white
species which ^rows on dry ;;round and sends out runners
that bear many blossoms.

MOSS CAMPION

Silfiic (tuiii/is. i'iiik I'amilv

Closely cespitose, one to tivo inches lii<;h. Leaves: line.ir, crowded.
Flowers: small, solitary, sulisessile or slightly raised on naked curved
peduncles; c.aly.v narrowly eanipanulate ; petals purple or while, uW
cordate.

The Moss Campion will only be found by those who c limb
to great altitudes, for it always grows near the highest sum-
mits of the mountains and has been discovered at the immense
elevaiion .,{ lo.ooo feet. It is a liwari arctic-alpme plant.

igS

liiri: 1^1 I'lRPiK

t \c,L;ct:u loti
> scarce Liiul

1 he tiny leaves, whicli are \ eiy numerous ami extremely
narrow and pciinted, distmijuish it frcini Saxifraga offusili-
folia, or Mountain Saxifrage (see pu'ie 21 j), which has similar
flowers but distinctly broader leaves.

C'lo^e to the eternal snows, where the last liii
grows prostrate u|)on the earth, so rare the aii-,
poor the soil,

" 'rhcre. cic'iiviii^^f to ttie ^'round. it lies
With multitjdt; of jmrplc cvt'S
Si^an^Iiii^' a ■.ustiioii jirc'cn like moss."

Surely Wordsworth must have lound the Moss Campion
amongst his beloved (Irasmere Hills, otherwise he could not
have penned so perfect a description of its starry (lowers with
their five purple or very ocrasionally white petals wide-blown
by tht' mountain breeze.

The Moss Campion has a \ery large tap-root, and springing
from it are the slender branching stems, which form dense tufts
from si.x to twenty inches in diametei and resemble a coarse
moss. Down into these tufts the flowers are closely set.

WILD FLAX

Liitiiiii Lt'i^'i^ii. Flax F.iniilv

Stems: slender, erc< 1. Leaves: crowded, sessile, oval-linear, acute.
Flowers; on long pedicels; sepals oval, otjtuse ; petals five, large, blue,
fugacious.

A sleniier dainty plant, whicli bends and bows to e\ery
])assing breeze, an<l bears terminal clusters as well as racemes
of lovely cerulean fl(jwers.

" Blue were her eyes as the fairy flax,"
wrote Longfellow, and if you once see the wonderful blue
of these blossoms \-ou will well imderstand the compliment
intended, for they are a marvellous colour, and so frail and
translucent that they wither at a single touch, while the deli-
cately veined petals fall alm.ost a-s soon a.s tho" develop into

lii

U'li.ii Fi.AX

(I.intirti Lewisii)

I'l \ii: I. Mil

:i!! A

A>. ,.MiiN(, \'i:t( h

m

MOIMAIN KI.()VM;RS

20J

the iKTlcct H<iWL-is; the stums, c.n the oiritniry, though shin,
are remarkalily tmigh. A really lihie H.iwer is a rarity in
the mdimtains. There are man\ riiaiurs. heH.>tr.i|)es, viulets,
purples, and lilaes, but few true lilues.

The word Ihiiim comes from the Celtic word /;«, rueanin;;
" thread." and from it also is derived the l-:n;;lish word •■ linen."
to:;vther with all its variations. The seeds of the Max cn-
tain oil.

ASCENDING VETCH

A\t'ii;tl/nx a/f^nii;,tn. I'lm Family

sums: rather stout, ascemliii); or decumlient. Le>T»: odd-phmati; ;
leatii-ts oval to linear-obloni;, ohtuse, fifteen to twenty-live, peiluneles
exeeedinK the leaves. Ploweri, erect, in slnirt dense spike.s ; tube of the
calyx long-campanulate. twice a» loiiK as the setaceous teeth, subvillous
with partly black hairs; petals clawed; standard erect. ov;ile ; wind's
oblong ; keel obtuse. Fruit: pods erect, sessile, coriaceous.

This is a common si>ecies of juirple Vetch in the mountain
regiims. It has much f<)li;if;e, com|xwe<l of from fifteen to
twenty-five tiny oblong leaflets borne cm each of the leaf-stalks,
which branch from the main stems. The flowers grow in dense
roundish heads, and the little leaflets are rcnmdc'd and entire
at the ape.<f.

Each Individual flower, like many of those of the Pea I-amily,
IS composed of five irregular |x;tals, the large tipper one, called
the standard, being turned backwards when in full bloom, and
the two side ones forming wings, while the two lower cmes are
united to form a kind of |wuch, called the keel, which encloses
the .stamens and style.

The traveller will note that an easy way to distinguish
Astragalus adsurgens from Oxytropis viscida (which it much
resembles) is by observing two things. In the first place, the
flower-stalks of the Astragalus branch out from all parts of the
main stems of the plant, together with the leaf-stalks ; whereas
--i-^-.iiir.s wi LUC o'j^vri7/7jj arc naivCci atici giuw ciirectiy

pi:: !ii

jot

i:i I i. ID I'l Kl'i I

wy IiMiii llic I).i>c <)t Ih>- pl.utl. In llu- -.rmml pl.nr. ih..- ki-rl
ot lliL* Asfrnj^tt/iis Mnuit 1-, i..uiniiil. uIuum^ ih.tt "I the (*i;i-
//('/•/> is \ri\ [ininiiil

./, Infojrlotti^, 1.1 riir|.li' \"oti h, \n\ dnscly il-miiiIpK-s llu-
jiixifilin;; "^iK-tK-s, hut ni;i\ Ik- tlistiti;;i!i'.hL'tl hniii it by thv l.u t
thill Us Kiiflcts ;iir iinl.nlr.l m|- imtihrd ;it tlu- li|»^, \\hvT.-;is
th'i^r ni tlu- AMriidin- W-i.h ww sli-hll\ riunwU-.l Mini |irr-

tCl tl_\ I IIIIlL'.

,/. ii/f'iiius ni- ,\l|mic \\-ti h, i-. .1 il.iiniv pair ni.iuvi' spfi Irs,
with MiKill liK.srIv tluwnvil lu-:i.ls itnd ilrlii.itc I'.lia-r. It is
tri'<nu-ntl_\ Imiinl ;il \v\\ hi-h iillilink's.

./. Mticouitii, "r Miirniin's \'ctt h, is :i t;ill pi Mit wi'li --p;ir--c
liili,i,L;v ;in<l a W\\ I-pmi; Im<.vc1\ H< 'W.-rrd hr:uU "t p.ilc iiKuiSf,
I'l" white- tiii;;c(l .md rd-rd with niauvr. Tin- striii-' ,l;|"\\ \cry
i.-i\-i t :!nd an- tjuitr sK-iidcr, It liwualU is jumid in tot kv p!a> cs.

./. it'll: ii/ftiriiis, n|- Slrtidcr \\-U li, is a !"\cK trii^ilr >jk.-( ii's,
quite unniislakahlL' h\ rrason dl its \r\\ tine .i:;i'as^-Iikr st.nis,
tin\, narpiw, silkv Iratk-ls. am! liitu-. >.iantv, pinki>h-MiauvL-
hliissnnis. that ,L;r"\v tar apart in Inn:;- slender ra(.cnK'->. .Liivinj;
the plant a heautilul ti-allu-rv appraranti--.

INFLATED OXYTROPE

(>\y(ii'f-i^ />,;/,., ,n fui. IVa Family

Auaiilc'^i iiU. iir luMiU ^<>. villuus-|)iil)es( l-iU. Leaves: pinnalc; leaflets
line.ir. ohlusi-. Flowers: |n.iluiu ies oiif-lo-two tiowL-rcd. scarcely exieed-
iuj,' the k-avL-s ; calyx (k-nsily dark-imhcsceiit : ]iL-t;ils rlawcd ; standard
erect : \vin<;,s olilony ; keel erect, its apex nnuronate. Fruit: pods nnicli
inflated, (iv(.id. M.->-<ile in tin: calyx.

An afctie and alpine plant, which ;;Tn\vs onlv froni one to
four inches hi;;1i and lias violet flowers and till} very hairy
stalks and leaves. The main stems f;rnw partlv under^rotuul
and arc imbricated, — that is to sa\'. they are covered with
numerous small ovcrlajipin^ leaves ; hut the pods aic the most
noticeable feature, bein^^ abnormally lar^^e and inflated. This
plant is frequently found f.i;rowin;; fiat upon the {ground.

ri Ml 1 1\

Al I'lM \'l I. II

MOIXI'.MN KI.OWKRS

207

ALPINE OXYTROPE

Oxylropis viscuia. Tea Kamily

Stenn: viscid-pubescent. Leaves: odd-pinnate: leaflets in numerous
pairs, obloEig-lanceolate, somewliat acute. Flowers: peduncles longer
than the leaves : .spikes subcylindrical ; teeth of the calyx subulate, about
the length of the tube ; legumes short, terete, acuminate.

As remarked before, Oxylrofis -.liffers fnim Astragalus
in having flowers witli very i>ointe(l l<eels and long naked
flower-stalks that grow up directly from the base of the plant ;
also its flower-spikes are more elongated than those of the
Ascending and Purple Vetches, which are roundish. The
Alpine O.vytrope is a hairy, rather stick)' jilant, and bears
blossoms of many shades of gray-bliie, violet, mauve, i)ur|ile,
and creamy white.

SHOWY OXYTROPE

Oxytro/tis spUnilens. Pea Family
Densely silvery, silky villous, acaulescent. tufted. Le«ves: long, erpct ;
leaflets very numerous. Flowers: in dense spikes; peduncles exceeding
the leaves. Fruit: pods ovoid, erect.

This plant is rightly named the Showy Oxytrope, for its
handsome bright purpIe-blue or purple-pink flowers, growing
in dense spikes on the top of the long straight stalks, and its
quantity of silvery silky foliage render it a remarkably hand-
some member of the Pea Family. The whole plant, including
the stalks, leaves, and calyx, is extremely woolly.

PURPLE HEDYSAROM

ilfjysaniiii hitrea/e. I'ea Family

Stems: erect, glabrous, generally .simple. Leaves: odd.pinn.ite, short-
pet.oled; leaflets oblong, obtuse, and often mucronate at the apex.
Flowers : in long loose racemes, deflexed.

A tall purple species ,)f Hedysarum with very narro.v loosely
flowered racem.es and rather large leaflets. The white species.

Kill-: ro iTKlM.K

//. twral,- v„r. all.,jl,n;,m. icUmtcI m in the Wliiic f. Ciltmi
S«tioi,. Ik-;ii-s latlKT finer 1)1.,>>,,„,^, jts ^;llx■|,u■^ iicin- mniv
dn.cly Houvivd. In I'latc l.X the tall Howcr in the eontiv is
the White llcdysarum. the one tu tlie left hein- a si.erinicn
(if the I'lii-jile ileilx.virimi.

COW VETCH

I'i^i.i Cr.u,,,. I'd I. , mill

Stem.: lult.d. sLmlcr. »,-,,k. elimhinj; „r t,.,ili„^^ Leaves: pinnate,
tendiiMuMlin;;, ntMrly scssilu ; learii-ts ^■i^lltl■L■n I,, twciny-lour lini'ar
i.l.tuM-. nuuninate; ])whnulvs axillarv. Flowers, in .s|,ikc-like .leiise-
r:ni.-mi'S. ivHi-\eil. Not in.lii;i.n..us

A lovely elimhin- .,|- trailin- X'eteh, with (leii>e spike-like
raeenies ,,1 deep |mrple-l>lue llnuers ami (piantities (,f delicate
h'lia.^e ; the leaves, whieh are pninately divided int.. niinien.us
liny leallets, havin.i;- thread-like teiidiils at their tips,

/■ AincrU-an.,, or American \'etch, lias tjie same nearU-
sessile p.iiiiiate leaves and slender weak stems as the preced-
iiiSj species. It also climbs and trails overcvery bush and shrub
m Its \irinity. eliiy-in,- to them by means of its tiin temlrils;
but it differs entirely from ]'. Cnu-ca in its flowers, which are
lai-,i;-er, more m;ui\e in hue. and l^tow in a scant\-. ver\- loose
fashion, as oppose.! 1.. the dense s|.ike-hke racemes ..f tile
( ow X'et.h.

lo see the mountain \v....ds blued liv these two .^raeefiil
plants recalls I-aiiers.iii's reference to h..w

'■ 'I!u- inilii.)n-liaiuieil P:iinlcr pours
"pal lnll•^ anil purpf' dye "

out upon the flowers of the forest

The Astms<tliis, Oxytropis, Hedjsamm, and Vid,i all belonsr
to the Pea I'amily, and therefore th ir flowers are all papib
ionaceous ; tliat is to siy, they have i r ;ular butterfly-slianed
blossom>.

I All; i,x

ill]
* <]

Wlini; Hr-.i)VSAHrM UlcJyuuum h;til,- :.,r. ,i/hjl,'niiu)

ri.A'iic i.xi

LlOLMAIN IIOUKks

^'3

MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE

.SV;.7/>v,^.„ „f,/„miij-.,l„,. Sa.viiraj;i: Family

St.™.: pr„st,nu., dcnsdy lealy. Leave,: se.s.sil., ovate, .u-aHv orhicu
1-, pcrsMen,, ked«i, rte.hy, oppo.si.c „r i„,l,rica..,l i„ ,„. „? ".
™arK,„.s c,l,a,e. Flower.: .solitary, n.arly sesMk- ; calvx-iol e , ,u ^
n.uci, short.,- than the ohnvat. purple petal.,. ' '""•

The simple description „f Silcu ,ua„l,s, „r Mess C\-,n,pi„r,
K.ven „„ page ,9;, is applicable in several particulars t„ this
M.,unta,n Sa.xifrage, which is al.s„a<Kvarf arcticalpine ll„«er
and only grows at great altitndes. The chief difference
between the two plants lies in the leaves, which in the Cam-
Pi"n are extremely tine and narrow and in the Savifr.age ire
egg-shaped and thicki.sh, with a stronglv marked keel antl
hatry margins. The stems of the Sa.Nifr.ge are prostrate and
very leafy, and the Honers are purple and grow almost flat
upcm the ground.

It was John Keble who first drew our attention to the fact
that they are

■' The loveliest riowers that closest clini,. to earth."
It was also evidently to some such ,>r<,strate alpine plant as
the Mountam Sa.vifrage that he referred when he wrote :
■ liloom on then in your shade, contented hloom,
.Sweet flowers, nor deem yourselves to all unknown.
Heaven knows you, by who.se gales and dews ye tlirive ;
The> know, who one day for their altered doom
Shall thank you. taught by you to abase themselves and live."

t )

.-/..

LARGE PURPLE ASTER

. nvisfiuiiiis. Composite Family

Stems: stout, rigid. Leaves: ovate, oblong, acute, serrate vemv
Flowers: ,n numerous corymbosely cvmose heads; involucre broadiv
can,panulate. its bracts in several series: ravs in a single series, not
very numerous : disk-flowers tubular, perfect. '

= 14

HM K TO fl kl'IK

In Avi),'iist cir September the nvuntain meadows .iiul forests
teem with many of these flowers, for then

•■ KiTrywlu-rf llh> purple .isli-.s nod,
.Ami l)tiul, and w.ive, and Hit,"

They are the pretty heralds . ' Autumn, some of them tall
handsome, and stately, like the l-ar^e I'tirpje Aster; some
MUite small, some bin and branching, and others a^ain strai-ht
and slender, but all tending to j;|orify the earth. The As/,;
o;,s/iia,„s is the lar-est and handscmiest of all its tribe as
its name siiKKests. It Is very branehin- and has lar^e leaves
that are sharply toothe.l ; while the involncre, or jfreen eup
whieh holds the flower, is ei.riouslv forme<l by several series
(.f tmy narrow.pointed bracts, which stand o„t horiz.mtallv ami
Kive It a frmged appearance. The ravs of this Aster are a
Invely bright purple, and the disk-flowers in the centre are
JJolden yellow.

A. Fremont,, or Kremonfs Aster, is a very common species
It also has purple rays, but rather br<,wnish-yellow <lisk-
■ers. All the Asters consist of numerous, tiny, tubular

fl,

disk-flowers crowded together in a close cluster and sur-
rounded by the rays, or ray-flowers, which are strap-shaped
the whole being held together In a green cup, o, involucre
of bracts. The leaves of Fremont's Aster are quite smooth
at the edges.

The Asters are much-priced flowers, because they c.ime to
us at a season when the whole world is walking in n'ls.set garb
along a penitential pathway that leads to winter's frostv
prison. Only the Golden-rods and Asters are left to |,n..e'r
thnnigh the s(.ft gray days of late autumn, and what could^be
more beautiful than these blossoms of purple and gold, which
where the sun strikes light with his ruddv lances, bejewel the-
burnished lustre of bare branches and br.nvn fallen leaves '

A. foUaceus, or Leafy-bracted Aster, is a stout-stemmed
erect species, with violet, purple, or white ravs. It has many

i'l.vn: I Ml

t (

I.AKI.l. I'l UI'i.K AMtK

I'l AlK I Mil

Lahc.p; I'l iii'i.i: Fll.iii.vm;

MOINI'AIN H,(nM:H.s

219

H.jwcrs >;iiiwi' ; cjii short stalks, whu h spring out at int.Tvals
from the :i\ils ol ihc i laspiri^- sniooth-c(lj;c<l leaves, all the
way lip the lorin main stems; aii.l the braets of the {(reen
inuiliicre arc very lonspluioiis, tspecially the oulernnd lower
series, which spread forth hon,!ontally and are almost like
tiny leaves. This Aster iisiKilly j;rows near water.

A. i:iii;,tm,umii, or Kn(;elm„nn's Aster, is a rather tall
robust plant, of coarse appearance, with dusters of pur|)lt
tl<nvers, each one Krowinj; on its own individual a.xillary stalk,
<ir else in a terminal lyme.

A common Knj^lish name for Asters is Michaelmas Daisies,
because they bloom at the feast of Saint Michael, according to

'• The caierutar.
Kailliful tlirougii a thousand years,
Of the painted raie of tfowers,
Lxact to djvs. e.\act to hours."

BLUE FLEABANE

Erij^tron airis. Composite Family

Stems; hirsute-pubescent, slender, simple or branched. Lmt.i: pubes-
cent, entire, the lower ones spatulate, the upper ones oblon);, sessile ;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts linear, hirsute. Flow.ri: rays numerous,'
tubular ; pistillate fiowe-s filiform : pappus simple, copious.

A very common species of Kleabane, which has numerous
small flowers growing in a cluster at the top of each slender
stem, and also a few solitary a.xillary blos.soms lower down.
The whole plant is hairy, the lower leaves being spatulate and
the upper ones oblong, all with smooth [wrfect margins.

The Klcabanes differ from the Asters in one very es? 'ntial
particular, namely, that the rays of the former are muca nar-
rower and very much more numerous than those of the latter,
forming a thick t^ne fringe round the edge of the flowers.'
Also the Fleabanes bloom earlier in the season. They are
extremely orolific.

Ill

HiiK TO rrki'i.i':

/:'. riiilaililf'liiiits, (H- I.;i\cin!cr i-'lcabanc, has a thick, tiiiuly
cut lavutidcr t'rin^v encircling' its yellow disk of tiny tuhukir
riorets, 'i'hc leaves are very i laspin;; and toothed, and the
ra}s (ttten mmiiier one hundred and twentv,

!•'.. iiuiflonts, or Arctic l-'Ieabane, is a \ery tiny dwarl' ])uint,
;;ro\vin_L; I roni one to six ini'hes hii;'h, and found only <in the
loftiest mountain siuiiniits. It ii.is a sinj^lo slender stem,
which is clothed at the base by a small cluster of siriooth-
niar^inetl hairv leaves; a few little narrow leaves also L;row
hif;her up. At tlie top is a solitary pur] iish flower. The
whole plant is very hairy and woolly.

li. laiiiitHs, or Alpine Flea!)ane, is also a sjiecies wliich
i^rows at j.,n'eat ele\ations. It has both ])urple and white
flowers, and is covered with a soft, whitish, woolly coatin.i;.

!\. s<iisiii^ifu>s/ts, or Lari;'e i'urjjlc Kleabane, is the kin;.; of
its tribe. It has very lari^e and lovely purple flower... with
bi;; \ellow disks and a few small, thick, smooth leaves clin;,-
\\v^ to its stout dowiiv stems. The ravs number from tift) lo
seventy, and the iiracts of the involucre are narrow and
spreadini;'. 'i"his particular I-deaba-ie is cjuite unmistakable.
for it is much larger and handsomer than any of the other
nnuinlain species, and makes the alpine mea<lows and slopes
t|uite ^^ay durin,:;- its tlowerin,i; season, which is in the early
autumn.

WAVY-LEAVED THISTLE

Ciiii us iiiiiin/iilii^.

()>ito J'aniilv

I'crsistentlv wliite-tnmentose tlirnui;h(Uit. Stems: stout, leafy. Leaves:
lam-colatc in outline, acutt', sessile, iinrlulate. lobed, the lohes dontalf.
triatiiiiilar. very pritkly. Flowers: solitary at the ends of the branches.

This reddish-purple Thistle j^tows from one to three feet
hi^di and is a fine handsome plant with larj;c lonj,^ leaves,
whose ed^^es are wavy and trian^'ularly lohod, the htbes beinf^
sh.TroK- toothed and \-i'rv nrickU- The? bii'- flowirr-heads ltow

I'l.ATK lAIV

llHtniK 1 OIU 1,1 \

!. %\

MOLNTAIN KLOWKKS

"3

at the ends of the branches .md art- surrovimled by lurgc
inviihicres of prickly bracts.

Every traveller knows that the -Ihistle is the national floral
emblem of Scotland, and has been ever since that day when
a barefoot Danish soldier, steppin- inadvertently upon its
spmes, gave a cry of pain which aroused the sleejjing Scot-
tish camp and saved Scotland. The motto which Scotsmen
affi.M to this flo.ver is "X,m„ ,m- impuuc laccssit" (N,-, one
touches me with impunity), or in the vernacular, " Ve maun't
me<ldle wi' me." And assuredly we are quite content to leave
■ t alone m its prickly glory, only pausing a moment in pa.s.sing
to admire its fine richly coloured flowers.

BROOK LOBELIA

I.olieliii Kaimii. Lobelia Kamil}-

Stems.- leafy, slabrou.,. paniculately branched. Leay.s: lower ones
spatulate, obtuse, almo.st entire : upper ones sessile, linear, acute Flowers ■
m loo.se racemes: calyx-lube turbinate, hemispheric, lobes lanceolate-
corolla-tube straight, oblique, divided to the base on one side, two-lipped'
lrre;,ularly five-lobed. '

Those who are familiar with the cultivated garden species
of Lobelia will easily recognize the mountain Brook Lobelia
which usually grows at the extreme edge of a stream, or
half immersed in some warm wet swamp, where its grass-like
stems, bearing their racemes of sky-blue blossoms, spring up
in little companies amongst the water-weeds, the Butterworts,
and the Kly-spotted Orchis.

HAREBELL

Cam/i,iiui/„ roliin.l,'/,:/,,,. Campanula I-'amily

St«m.: slender, erect, simple or branched. Lt.v«: basal ones orbic-
ular or broadly ovale to cordate: cauline ones sessile, linear. Pl„w.t»-
buds erect on slender pedicels, flowers drooping or spreading ; corolla
campanulate, five-lobed.

J 24

iiiiic Id I'l Ri'i.i:

TIk-^c hflU i.l liillll.iin ]Hii-|)k'-l}|nr .i|-c kniiillar l^ every
tnivcller in tile u-m|HTatL- ziiiie. Iiir from ■■ lionnie Siotlaml"
tci tlK- raiilie Sliipo the llareljell ,;;raix> many a liill and dale.

I'i)i-t^ nl L'MTv a,^v liaVL- Miiij; nl tlii> llmver, wliiih is the
real Hluebell nf Sidtland, the lavnuriie lld'al end)lenl of the
•• Land .'■ cakes and hiilher Scets," Inr, as tlie nld s.m^ says :

■■ Let tlio pruuil Inili.in boast et lii.s JL'S>aniiiie bouLis,
His pastiii'fs (if pertinuc. and r()se-celourcd lUli;:.
Whilr humbly I sin,;; (.t duise wild little tlowers,
Tlie hliK-hells (if Seolland. d^e Seettish lilucluOls."

The name ivtiinJif^'liti relets to the r(ain(hsh hi.'art-sha|ie(l
basal leaves "I the plant, \vlii( h wither c-arl\. while the stem-
lea\es whic ii ale niimerdus. narmw, and |i(iinted, remain. A
marked ebaraileristie (if these llnwets is that. aUh(Hi;;h the
buds ;;i<iw (rect on their slender stalks, the fulblilown blossoms
dro(i|i or are hori/oiUal in order to proteit their pollen from
the rain, d'he name Harebell refers to the hairdike stems of
the plant, ami the eomnion term Bluebell is usually reserved
for the Wild Ihaeinth, whieh is a verv different flower, iKU'in,;,;-
thick juicv stalks and resemblin.L; the .garden species.

'I'he Harebell is extremely hardy and may be loimd ir. the
erexiees of llie cliffs, defying; the fieree alpine storm.- or i;r(iw--
im;' on (!r\ wind-swept meadows, or striking;' it- roots into the
tiniest patch of soil, so as to L;ain l foothold on the ed.:;e ol
some terrific precipice, where its delicate itells. so "(hirkly,
(leeplv. beautifulh- blue." bend but never break before the
blusterin,L;\u'alc. This wonderful vitality of the Cttillpnuitl,i is
commemorated bv .Sir Walter Soft when, describin.i,' Kllen
in rih- Liii/y of I /if /..(/v. he says :

■• i:'eii the li^dit har.-liell raised its liead
Id istic iroiii luT .hrv lr(.'a(l."

I'lATK IXV

( IJ

wM

Harkhkl'

{dnih'iiiihi roiuiu/i/'o/ui)

I'l-Aii': i..\vi

f/A'

i' t^

MOUNIAIN KLOWEKS

229

MACOOH'S GENTIAN

ijffitninti .]/iitcitnti. (ientian Kiimily

Stemi; slender, simple. Lmvh: linear. Flowen: solitary .-it tlie ends
of elongated erect peduncles ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, their
mid-ribs decurrent on the tube : corolla narrowiy-campanulate, its lobes
spatulate-oblong, fringed on both sides, and almost toothed around the
apex.

A lovely deep blue (ientiati, loiind in nmist places, but not
very common. When the day.s begin to shorten .md the earth
is fliKKled with the final glory of those .scarlets and yellows
that precede and presage decay, then like a beautiful solemn
benediction the (".entians, "coloured with Heaven's own blue,"
are spread abroad, opening their petals for a while to the sun-
shine at midday and closing them again suddenly at the first
touch of the chill winds that blow off the ice-fields.

In the early fall of the year,

" Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye
Look through its fringes to the sky,
Ulue, blue, as if that sky let fall
A flower from its cerulean wall."

There lies at all times a curious silvery tinge upon the
exterior of the four large fringeil lobes of the corolla, which
are delicately and darkly veined. The two outer caly.x-lobes
are longer and narrower than the two inner ones, and the
buds are very long and jxiinted. Whenever you try to pick
one of these Gentians, you will find that the whole plant
comes up out of the ground at the slightest pull. They are
e.\tremely elusive flowers, seldom reapiK.'aring in the same
jilace for two consecutive years, since, being annuals, and
therel re perpetuated by seed alone, their reappearance the
following season dcix;nds altogether ujwn the directi(m of the
wind which blows the little hairy scales hither and thither,
and by gocKl fortune dc|-)osits a few where the moist earth
enables them tt) germinate.

230

lili i: Id I'l Ki'i i:

NORTHERN GENTIAN

Cm, an,, ,iu,l,, Ci-iili.i, |-.,„ii|(

S«m.; l.-aly sliKl,,], «inK-,„„l,.,|,sin,pl,„rl,r.u„lu.d. L,.,„ l„„,.r
..nes „l,„va.c.. ., ..use, .he uppcT ,„„. I.,,,,..,,!;,,., a. u.. ... ,1,. a „ , ,

ra<en,o,e-,pi,.a.r, „.„i, , „„,, l,.arv.l,ra, ,., a.' ,,L : cX ' „:;::'
the lol„.H ,n..ar: ,.„r„ila ,i,H,.l,„i, ,1,.. I,,!,., ,a„.,.„,aa, a, u,e '

"ith I MmhriaU- ,i,mi, at .lu- base.

A vcTv commun (i,;„,a„ i,s this little Nnrthcrn si« i.s „„l
It tuay re;i,i'ly l,c .listinKiiishcd by the frinKcl r,n«„' set
"•,th,„ the throu, .„■ the eorolla.tt.be. The fluwers ere ot.ite
i...nH-r..us, f,a„«„,;,- i„ dusters „„ shnrt stiff stalks that spritv
.mt nl the main stem; they are „st,ally |,inkish.,n,rple. 1,„"
son,et,n,es white. The traveller should speciallv nnte that the
c.rolla ,s clivKled into five lobes at the to,, an,l that the tinv
n«.ts Knnv close to the surface of the soil and are very easil'v
pulled u]>. '

G.fropi„.pu,. or Four-parted (ientian, is soniewhat like the
|.reee.hnK -species, but has larger, brif;hter blue flowers, which
are not nearly so closely clustered together; ami it is a n,uch
more graceful plant. The corolla is four-parted, or cut into
four lobc's, as the name implies, and the calv^ is also four-
tiett. 1 hese Centians are occasionally white

C. .ur,„i,nila, or Alpine C.entian. is a tinv dwarf species
resen,bhng G. pn,pi,u,„a. I, is fotmd at immense altutides

(,. Pn,s,ral„, or Dwarf C.entian. has ^•ery weak and often
P ocun,be„t stems. The leaves are covered with a soft white
bloom and have white hairy tnargins, while the flowers are
-htary an.l of a lovely a.ure-blue colour, also verv occasion-
a ly white. It ,s an e.vceedingly tiny plant, and has been fo.u„l
at an elevation ol lo.ooo feet.

I'l All; I \\ II

« )]

-Ni>n im.KN (;

-/,/„)

MOtMAIN KKlWKKS

-•.v>

LARGE GENTIAN

Ceuli,in,i ,ipnis (itntian Famil)

Stemi: dustcre'l from deep roots. Leon: olilonu, obtuse Flowni:

'. unequal ;
or mui ro

■ f I won-

,.it. IlK

I hi , ,:.•!

Kir II

rluvtercil in the axils of the upper leaves ; calvx lol
c oiolla long, narrowly funnel-form, it« lolics ovate, r
nale, spreading.

In this tall haiidsiinic (it-ntian ihorc is
trast Ix'twccn the rich j;recn foliage anil
Thcso flciwers ({viw in dense clusters , ' , .
tiip iif the .stems; each one has a lai , ;ii,
corolla, ilividetl into five spreadinf 'o ■>, whi.
derfiil cerulean hiie inside, markeil and spi i c '
tips of the.se lolx's are very |Kiinted, and son,.tij
cr.ly.\-lolK-s e(nial them in lenj^th, showinj; bci
sions, while at other times they are tinite minvite.

<•. Fotwoodii, or Blue ( ientian. resembles the iireccriin;,' s])e-
cies, but has a decidedly smaller corolla, with shorter, rounder
lobes, and most remarkable of all, the green caly.v has no
vestige of any lolx.'s or teeth whatsoever, but is perfectly bell-
sha|x-<l. The lobes of the corolla are entirely blue ami have
no white spots or marks: on them. It is a handsome massive
plant.

MOUNTAIN PHACELIA

Phacelia seruea. Water-leaf Family

Stemi: simple, virg.ate, canescent, leafy to the t..p. Lum: pinn.iicly
parted into numemus linear and again psimatifid livislo, s, silky-canes-
reiit FlowBis: in short spikes, crowded ;n a nak^.i .spikelike thyrsus;
calyxlohes linear; corolla very open-campanulate, cleft to the middle;
stamens long exserted.

A glorious plant, with , ich ]Hirple-blue flowers cUi..i jred in
huge long spike-like panicles, and handsome deeply cleft foliage,
which is covered with a soft white down. The long protruding
stamens give a fe.ithery appearance to the Q\Kn bell-shaped

234

Kill-; TO I'lKPi.i;

bli)ssoms, and as it f,aiiws at extremely hif;h altitudes, wliere
flnuers (if any kind are rather rare and lar^'e showy ones almost
unknown, the Mountain I'haoelia is a real treasure-trove to the
traveller. It has a verv strong disagreeable odour.

FALSE FORGET-ME-NOT

Ethini's/'i'rt/iiiiir Jli'i iftmufum. Hora^'c Family

Stems: softliirsutf. rather striit. Leaves: oblong to linear, entire, ses-
sile. Flowers: in numerous racemes, nearly erect, den.selv Howercd ;
corolla funnel-form, live-lobed. Fruit: nutlets keeled, papillose-tubercu-
late on the back, the mar;,nns armed with a single row of flat subulate
prickles.

There have probably been more ar^rtmients between travel-
lers over these flowers than over any other plant that K''""'*
in the mountain regions. N'inety-nine persons out of every
hundred will gather the lovely sky-blue blossoms, delighting
in their beauty an<l inhaling with joy the delicate fragrance
of their perfume, imder the firm conviction that it is the
True Forget-me-not they are picking; whereas — alas for
the shattering of a pretty romance! — it is: only the sweet-
scented blossoms of the False F"orget-me-not they are gath-
ering, which have as usual practised a successfid deception
upon the unwary.

The False Forget-me-not may, in reality, be easily dis-
tinguished from the True species by a very simple fact,
which, once imderstood and noted, will never .again be over-
looked. When in fruit the F'alse sjiecies bears numerous
nutlets coN'ered with prickles, in fact tiny btirs, which give
it the common name of Stickseed, and certainly these little
seeds do stick, and stick very f.ast indeed, to the clothing of
persons and the fur of passing animals. The True Forget-
me-not has no burs.

The stems and long narrow Iea\es of the Echtmspirmiim
flotibiindum are covered with a slight soft down. It grows

I'l All. I, Will

3

I

Mors I \IN I'HAi [-.I.IA

•237

MCKNIAIN KI.OUICKS

239

very tall under favourable circumstances, such as near water
and on the open sunshiny slopes, and its flowers, blue as
heaven itself, or very occasionally white, are funnel-form, the
tube being very short and having its throat nearly closed hy
five flat lobes, which form a circular arching crest in the
centre. The tiny stamens, and the style with its minute capi-
tate stigma, are set inside this l)right yellow circle, or " eye."
It matters little, after all, whether these flowers are False
or True ; they are beautiful to look upon, and very fragrant,

as they hold their

' ■■ K-stual

Of bre.ikin;; 1)U(I and -scented breath "'
high up in some alpine meadow, where the air is fresh and
wholesome and where the whole world seems lull of wdn-
derful possibilities.

E. Lof/iiila, or Stickseetl, h;is much smaller lea\es and very
tiny bright blue flowers, each individual blossom being little
larger than a pin's head. These flowers grow in close leafy-
bracted racemes, whi^h are more or less one-sided, and when
in fruit it bears innumerable tiny burs. It is not indigenous.

TALL lUKGWijRT

Mcrtensin pauiitilata. ]lora;ie family

Kough-pubescent. Stemi ; erect, branched above, the branches slender.
Leans: thin, pinnately veined, these of tlie stem ovatc-lanccolalc. acu-
minate: biisal leaves ovate, rounded. Flowers, several-tlowercd in loose
terminal panicles; calyx-lobes acute: corolla funnel-form, crested in
the throat.

The Tall Lungwort grows from or.e to three feet high, and
is one of the handsomest members of a family of coarse and
hairy plants. It has very shfiwy blue flowers, their tidies
crested in the throat and the lobes only slightly spreading.
These grow in loose terminal clusters.

I'robably it is because there are so few really blue mountain
wild flowers that we .specially priie this striking plant. On

iili
' il

240

HM I Id I'lKI'I.K

c\-i.Ty
and ii

hand
clidin

'I'l;. - iiiit very rart-ly of liluc.
•Illuc: T i> the lile „f laavc-n, the domah,
Of Cvnlliia, the wide palace of the sun.
The tent of Hesperu.s. and all his train.
The li„somer of elnuds. Kold, ^-ray, and
lilue : 'T is the life of waters, ocean
.And all its hasal streams,
lillle! (ientle cousin of the torest Kreen,
Married to -reen in all the M.eetesl Howers."

TBOE FORGET-ME-NOT

■ ■iry.,sot,isvl7;,„„-..„ „lp,-,,r,,. Borage l-.tmily
Sttm.: erect, tufted. L..v,.: ol,lonf;, linear. Fl„„.r.. i„ dense
racemes, calyx five-parted, hirsute : corolla salver-form th thot
w.th small blunt crests a. the base of the rounded lobes

This is the rc-al True ForKc.-n,e-n„,. ,, .„,,, f„„„ ,,,„^,^

our ,0 .s,.x tnches high a„,l is lo„„d „„,,. ,t high al.Ut.dcs

Its tmy ,t,r,,„o,sc flowers are very fragrant. Ut,like the

pnckly bttrs „t ,he Kal.sc species, ,he nvttlets of the True

forget-me-not arc quite smooth.

There are innumerable stories told concern,,,. i|,c.se blue-
eyed flowers, uhieh are the entblems of undying l,„.e and are
Identified with our n,..,t ,-o,„ant,c sentiments ■ ■ v of the
must charming legends about them runs thus:
-Wlien 1.1 tjie rii>«ers so beautiful
The l-atl:cT ^.-ve a name.
There came a little blue-eyed on,
(.\11 timidly it came),
And. standinj; ai the Father's feet.
.And K.i2inK in His face.
It said, in low and trembling' tones.
^'et with a ;,'entle grace :
' Dear Lord, the name Thou savest me.
Alas! I have forgot ' ,
Kindly the Father looked llini ,loivn
Ami said. 'ForKct Me not."

MOINIAIN FIOWKkS

24J

SHALL-FL0WE8EO COLLINSIA

Cillimiii /larriJtKni. Figwort Kamily

Stem.: very slencl.-r ami weak. L»t>i: nl>li>nK or lanceolate, .iioslly
ol.luse at the apex and narrowed at the l)ase, entire or sparin|;ly toothed,
the lower ones op|,o.>ite, the upper ones in whorli,. Flow.rs: on lunL'
pedirels ; corc.lla variegated blue and white, the throat longer than llie
Iniil), which is two-lipped, the upper lip two-cleft, its lolics recurveil, the
lowci lip larger and tliree-lobed.

A pretty, fragile, little plant, with tiiiriicnms v.triuKatcd
hliie mid white blossimi.s. It ^rows thickly in mciist pLcs,
seUUim attaining more than eifjht inches in height. It is not
tinlike a very tiny Lobelia.

LASOE PURPLE BEARD-TONGUE

Ptiistemon Menziefii. Kigworl Family

Low. den.sely matted, prostrate, witli lateral Icafv branches, which
bear erect liowering .■.hoots two to six inches higli. Le«»e«: thick, long
obovate, dentate, the dowering stems bearing several pairs of orbiculai^
leaf-like bracts. Fioweri ; calyx Hveparted ; corolla tubular, moderately
bilabiate, the upper lip two-lobed, the lower lip three-lobed and bearded
within.

These hand.some purple and pinkish flowers are an inch or
more in leti),ah and form larf^e mats of brilliant colour upon
the rocks at very hifrh elevations. The plant ffrows prostrate
u|)oii the ground and has numerous short erect shoots, bear-
ing the blo.ssoms, which are tubular in shape and have two
lips, the lower one being thickly bearded with .soft white
hairs PtHStcmon comes from the Greek fntte, " five." and
stcmon, "a stamen," and refers to the large fifth sterile
stamen, which is simply a filament without an anther and
is densely hairy like the lower lip. It is to thi.s pert little
beanled tongue, «hi,-h nroi-cts far beyond the other f..ur
fertile stamens, that the flower owes its common name.

<'ti

•244

MM i: l() ITKI'M';

/'. iOHfnliis r,ii: ,„Ti,/,ofiirfiinii.<. (ir Hliic lkMr(l-tnn;;iic.
is very like /'. ,oiiJ\rt„s. nr Vellmv Hcanl-ton-iie, <leM rihecl
in the Veilmv tn OrLin^e Serlidri.

Its tl.mers are l)riKlu l)Uie ur violet, and are usually set iji
two ilense circles round the stem, though there is also a lo«-
KHiHinK form of this species found in the mountams which,
has blue Hower-- i^rowinj; in a simple terminal i lustei

AlPINE SPEEDWEH

I'-'roilt.il at/>inu. [■ iywort !■ amily

Stem, i-rect. sleiulcr. usually 5im|,L- Le.v.,: ohlotiK. ov.ite, scvsilc
mostly ruunded at Lotl, ends, nearly entire. Flower., m a short narrow
ra. erne ; corolla rotate, its tube very short. <leeplv (our-lohed, the lower
lolie the narrowest.

These small aAued>lue hloss(.ms win the hive of many a
traveller by reason ..f the fact that they are amon- the last
flowers he sees ^rowinK in the crevices of the Kreal moraines
that fringe the glaciers, and are frecit.ently the first ones
to meet his eyes as he comes off the snowy ice-fiehls after
making some ardu is ascent.

•■The little .speedwell's dadinj; blue"
renders it i ..nspn uous, though its fic.vers are \ery small
indeed, being clustereil togethe. at the lops of the stems.
One marked peculiarity of the Speedwells is that the blossoms,
which are cleft in^, four lobes, usually have the lower .segment
narrower than the rest. The Dutch call this plant " Ilonoin
and I'rai.se," becau.se ii was once u|xm a time believed to
contain valuable medi. .a! pi..perties. Many claimed it to be
an e.xcellent remedy for scrofida, and it was the great Lin-
naeus him.self who grouped h. together with all its relatives,
tmder the family name of Scivpltiilariaiia, or Kigwort.

The term Wronica suggests far more beavitifid association ..
Here the plant is named alter Saint Veronica, who in her

Aiimm; Si'II in\ i i i

MICROCOTV HESOIUTION rESI CHAKI

lANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2|

A r^PPyEDjM^^GEJnc

(716) 482-O3O0- Phone
(716) 7S9 - 5989 - fo.

MOIMAIN FIOUICK-

^47

turn was thus t;ini)ni,;c(l Ijccausc, accorilin;; to au anient
tradition, she uiped the drcips nf aj^'ony from our Sa- i.iurs
face when on His way to Calvary, and ever afterwards her
kerchief bore the tr/w iamiat, ■• the true likeness," ol His
sacred features.

V. sfrj<yllifolia. or Thyme-leaved Speedwell, niaj- be lecoj^-
nized by its decumbent branching stems ; that is to sav, the
stems are curved near the base and lie partly on the ground,
rooting where the joints touch the earth. Usually the.se stems
grow in pairs and bear at their upper ends spikes of pale
gray-blue blossoms striped with dark blue, the tiny flowers
also growing at close intervals lower down on the stalks.
The small oblong leaves grow in opposite pairs. Occasionally
the flowers are white.

BUTTEHWORT

I'iiiguiaila -.vulgaris. iil,idderwort Family

Stems; scape glabrous, tall. Leives: from three to seven in a rosette
at the base of the scape, entire, ovate, uhtuse. Flowers: one-Howered ;
calyx five-parted ; corolla bilabiate, the upper lip two-cleft, the lower
one three-cleft, base of the corolla saccate and contracted into a nectar-
iferous, acute, nearly straij^ht spur.

At first sight the Hutterwort looks like a lovely, large, pur-
ple violet, but a second gkance reveals its rosette of very pale
green leaves, with their involute margins, and the traveller
at once recognizes the Piui^niciila, its name being derived
from the Latin //«<,'■«;>, "fat," and referring to the horrible
slimy greasy secretion with which its leaves are coated, and
which renders them most repulsi\e to the touch.

The flowers are of a rn h purple colour, and are two-lipped,
the upper lip being cleft into two and the lower lip into three
lobes. These lobes are delicately veined and the 1 -wer ones
are co\'ered with white hairs. The corolla termin behind
in a long straight spur. The Butterwort always i,,-ows near
water, and usually in swamps or other very moist places.

34.S

I'l I i; lo itki'm;

WILD CANADA MINT

-)/■■«//„; („„,,,/,.„,/,■. Mi„, |,-.,„,i|j.

I ho travcll.,- has nnly t„ pi.k a spray of this plant t„ knou
■ts ttan,c, M,„t, fn,„, .Mi,„h., a lovol, ,„™ph uh„„, „,e j,,,

.- roscrpine changed into a ,,,,„■>.,. s:, that sh>. „,,,ht,,;u
■n the a,lmn-at,on o, I'h.to, h.r lo.-.l and master. At least

' I.I...U, to,- the leaves ot the Mint eontain numerot.s tinv
Klamis n, .huh is secavto.l a vola.,le oil that has an exe '
sivel,vsti-o„.:,M„lo„ran,l riavo,,,-

, JI";';:"^' "''^'^ ^"".^'=''-- ■'■"^-l-I-n.leo,- p.,.plish,,i„k,

Uuv...as,o„allyuh,,e.,,.own,,lense little ehtstersinth

a.Mis oi ihc loavL-s.

BRUNELLA

Stems; niinHTous. sk-nrier crc-t r.^ ,,.- t

.H„, ova., or „,„on.. obluire^;!!: 7 r^r""' ^'""''^- ^"--
bracted. terminal and axiliarv spike, • cak-x , ■„ i' '^ '" '''""'■

teeth. cor„lla-,ube inflated, bilabia 'the™; r """"'• "'"' "''■'"'"■
lower lip spreading, three-lobed. '^' '' """'"'■ '■"'^""^- ""=

The tiense pttrple spikes of the Krnnella, or Self-heal are
very lomnion Ix-sule alpine streams and in th . '

" ".lark ,e,ld,sh bracts, have nsnally onh^ a few scat-
T U r':;r "" ""• ""' '^^■^" -"-^ are-insi^niheant.

i

I'l All: I NMl

m

iu.i].-K\ 1,1) (;k \ss

I

MOUNTAIN Kl.OUKKS

HEDGE NETTIE

Sl.i.ltys pnhislrh. Mint Family

Stem.: erect, stri.t, simple, retrurse-hispid on th.:inj;lcs. Leamj- firm
lanceolate, ohlonR, almost ses.sile, acute at the apex, siibcorrlate at tlit-
l)a.se, clent.,te. Flowers: in clusters, forming an elon-ated interrupted spike.

The IIc-cIkc Xcttlc' h.is fruni six to ten laldish-piirplo
flowers ill each nf tlie whorls th;it ciuiivlc its stem at inter-
vals, ami also hears a lermin.il rliister at the top. St.uhys
means "a spike." ami refers t„ its elongated fl.nver-spikes,
while paluslris sifjiiifies "srowiiij; in swamps," and is there-
fore peculiarly appropriate to this plant, which fretitients very
moist places. Probably it was called Hedge Nettle because
the leaves resemble those of the true Nettle, but without
the .stinginii properties of the latter. The Hedge Nettle is a
xerj- hairy plant, its leaves and stems being all covered with
quantities of fine hairs.

BLUE-EYED GRASS

Sisyriiuliiuiii aiijiiis.ifnlium. Iris Family

Stems: two-edKc.l. slen.ler, erec . risirf. Leaves: commonlv all basal
Imear. rigid, almost setaceous ; hracis two, very une(|ual, erect, the lower
one twice as long as the upper one. Flowers: si.x segments of the peri-
anth spreading, aristulatc.

■■ For the sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat,
llul it withereth the gr:iss,
.\nd the Hower thereof falleth,
.And ,he grace of the fashion of it perisheth."
Has it of this tiny yet brilliant ]Hirple-bhie fl„wer that the
A])ostle Saint James wrote the above \erse .' Did he espy it,
as he walked abroad, nestling amongst the sedges that fringed
the streams .' It is a very fragile little blossom, and as" it
resents being picked to the c.vtent of immediatcl)- shiivel-
ling up and dying, travellers had better be content to admire
it where it flourishes in the moist low-lying meadows, ami

~ "Mi: TO IH Kl'l |.;

;;:i.:;r,rH '""■■'•"'-— -"-.-i^"^:':

tvvi.'c .s l„n.- , ■ '""■"■■■>"■ "I "hich is usuallv

i '„"""'''"■'■"'■■ '" "- -mrc ,„- ..uh hl„;

.. s,,K,Ilpa,,.hnf u,l,nv, and U.esUR.. „,,,,,,,,,,,„,,.

•"■: P.".rud„„ ,s ,„,,,., ,,, , ,,„,,,„„„„, „„.^,^.^.,^^^ ;

.t. f" ..s 1. ,vvs „-o ...r.a.nly ,„„. .,,,ss.Iik., I,cin« l„„„-

::':'";r:;;r;ti:::!,;;:;;;:::.;-::^';...^

■•< Orally (;a/e touanl llu- skv.
Answering tht .uiirc 1,1,,.- cm, hi^rl.,"

Another pnct sinj;s thus „|- the ]iluc..y«l (Intss;

" Mlue-cyerl srass in ilu- mfa,l,„v.
And yarroiv l.luoms on tlic hill,
Cit-tails that rustle and whisper.
And winds that are iie%er still:

■■ Hhie-tyed Krass in the meadow,
A linnefs nest near liy,
IJIaekl.irds carollin;; clearly
Somewhere between eardi and sky.

■■ lllne-eyed gras.s in the meadow.
.And the laden bee's low hum,
Milkweeils all by the roadside,
lo tell us summer is come."

I'l.Aii: I will

f'l'Ki'i.r: (Jaklh

I, <

Mill MAIN F|,()U|:KS

PURPLE GARLIC

Allium Sch.viiKpianim. Lily I'amiiy

lliilbs narrowly ovoid, ckislcrod. sterai: si ape rallier stoi.t, liearinR
I.eliiw the middle one or Iwo elonjjattd, linear, terete, liollow leaves ; ether
leaves basal ; hraelsol the un.hel tw.., broadly ovate. Flower.: in ii.nl)els,
capitate : perianth of six equal, distinet. lanreolale. one-nerved seRments.

This hnii.Uome I'lirpk- (i.irlir with its liirKC <Ilt.sc flower-
heads and Icinj,' hiillciw leaves is \wx at all inninion in the
mciiintams, but is frequently cultivated i. icittaj,'e-f;ardet.s fur
the s.ike of its heaiitifiilly inlinired hlossutiis. Uke all the
Garlics, it has a verv minL'-ent iHlaiir

m

MOUNTAIN WILD FLOWKRs
OF CANADA

SiXTION I\'

viii.i.ow K) ()kAi\(;ii |-|.()\vi;ks

Skction IV
VIiLLOW TO ()RAX(;j£ I'LoWHRs

MEADOW BUTTERCUP

":uii,n,i,lii.t iicris. Crowfoot Kamily

Stem,: erect, hairy, l;,„nched above, roots .ibrous. Leave,. b„il
ones tu ted, pefole., tltree-to-seven p.trted, t„e divisions .sel He ^
deft .nto „untero„s narrow acute lobe.s ; upper leaves three-parted
F,.w„,: numerous; petals tive, yellow, conspicuous. .N„t indi^tiitous

tvcry child kn.ms ami loves the hrjo-ht ve]l„vv Hewers of
the coinnion Ktittercii|,. Kveiy chiki has siitt't;- „f
" liuttercups and daisies,

.And all tlie |)retty flowers,
Growin),' in the sunsiiine
To tell of happy hours,"
Yet the Rm,„„a,/„., ,nrh is the enen,)- of the farmer
Cattle w,ll „„t eat of its acrid leaves, and even the hands of
man are trec|.,ently scarred and bhster '.l bv the ca.tstic inicos
contained in the stalks ami leaves „f this 'plant. Ili..h ,,„ in
the mountains, however, where the

■' liud.s of yellow hue
Do paint the meadows w^-.i delight,"
we welcome these brilliant linttercups : tluMc thev can htrn,
no one, b„l only please the eye with the.r finel'v d.ssected
toha-e and tail-stemmed -f"lden flowers

If ym, c„t vertically throt.Rh the nti.l.lle of titis J<.,„„„a,/n.
yot. w,ll fintl that its receptacle is a Ion,' .one. from which the
hve green .sepal.s, the five yellow petals, the n„merot,s stan,ens

26,)

VKUX)\V |() OR.\\(;|.:

;'"' ""■ ""''^•'\^"' ^l"--l .H.t suexvssivclv. furc n„~
ak™ no ,„ cnlusc the AV„,,„,„/. with the' /'„/,„/;//„., which
a cr M,,„, ,„ tl,c K... Fanti,, an.l arc al.o Ccscnl,.! in
h..s .V.c„„n ,.„- „x. I,l„ss„nts of the two plants .somcwl.,,
.omblc each othc,-, though a close inspection and comparison
or then,, together with their sten,s and leaves, will alwav

.en.topla,nly,en,ons,,.a,eat,.ncethecliffe;encesw.^:
exist letween then,. One point of variance which n,ay be

tl V 1 a '"■ ?"■'■•"' '""■"• ^^■'^^■^-'^ '^'^ ''"'"'''"'^

h n , ";"'"'"'7 ""''^ "'^" " '" ^^'>' "- *"""'"'^"
the /„/,«/,//,,. as a rule, has leaves formed of several ent rely
«.par.ue leaflets. This distinction is, however, not ^^

hou«h .t exists in ,l,e majority of cases. Alsi, each ,^2;

heA.,„,„,,asa,n,ypit.orspot,co.,.edl,yas2,

thn:;';^^":n'T'-"'^"-^- Thi-po/isa..sen;
..11 the / „.../,//„,. 1 h, Mea.low Uuttercnp has fibrous n».ts
A . . A„„„„„, „, Macoun's liuttercup, is an erect, ven- hairv
pia,U,^„ow„,, from one to two feet bi,h, and has yellow

SNOW BUTTERCDP

...csed. F,„w„s: ydlow, the calyx covered will, brownisl, h,,ir,

rh,s alpme Bu.tercttp ..ows at very high altitudes, close to

leaves ^ ''" 7' ""^ "^""" '' ''^'^'^ "' nn.ch.livided

Ica.cs grows up from the base of the plant on long slender
stems, and half-wny up the flower-stalk there is a cir ,

..^.vlyobed leaves, and also, frequently, a single bud. The
argc ,ellow,sh calyx, w.,ich is co^•ered with brown hairs on

th outside g,ves the flower almost a double appearance
Ihe head of the Iriiit is ,,blonr^

I

MOI \i.\l\ l-l.OWKKS

26i

CHEEPING CROWFOOT

A\iiui,i,i,lii.v Criii/;,/,,rui. Crowfoot Family

Stem, : oi,e-to-seven Hnucrc.l. Leaves : l.ro.idiv ovate, coarsdv crc-
nat., . I„st.a-,1 at the ha.se a,ui joints of tin- long, tiliforn,, rooting runners
Flowers : petals yellow. longer tlian the sepals. Fruit : the mature aei.enes
str,ate-vei„e.l on the sides, apex l.lont with a short oblicjue beak, heads
olilong.

As its naiiK' ,k-i,„tcs, this is a small irecpin- plant, havinj;
.uiiiKT,n,s nmiKis which n.ot at the joints, whcn.c spring up
littlo diister.s of leaves. The flouvrs are yellow and very tiny.

A'. ,hii,„li/is- :■„,: s/cig,„U:/is. or Watei- C'r.nvfoot, has tiny
white and yellow flowers. The fine thread-like leaves arc
entirely submerged iiiider the surface of the alpine lakes and
pools, where the plant -n.ws abundantly, while the broader
threc-lobed leaves float iip.m the face of the waters. These
thread-like leaves are common to several kinds of aquatic
plants, and such minute division enables them without a large
expenditure of m.ateriai to e.\pr)se a large surf.ace to the car-
bonic acid gas dissolved in the water.

A', nftaiis, or Creeping Spearwort, has small yellow flowers
with from four to seven petals, trailing stems that root at the
joints, and extremely narrow grass-like leax-es. The flowers
are borne in the axils of the prostrate creeping stems.

A', ir/'nis, or Yellow CrowfcKJt, is a hairy plant, which
spreads by means of its runners and forms large jiatchcs
upon the ground; it has leaves which are divided into three
parts, each one of which is lobed and toothed. The fl.iwer-
stalk is grooved, the sepals are widely spread, and the jietals
are half-erect.

: ;!:; I

262

w:i.ioH lo iikwci-:

MARSH-MARIOOID

0,l,h„ t.„l„sl,,,. In,,,,,,,,, K,

imitv

ytems: fri'ct oiif-t,, i,,-,, A i

"-" wide, irre.,,,ai .;.,,, :r„U,::r't'' '" "'"™«-™-'-e, ,„„„„

"- -.--.a.,.. , .a. :r?;;;.,::n:; -:■;:-„-- '■'■"-

V". ^h:m^m,;:; ::'::,:::;■ :'s^r'""" 'i'''^-

■■"A™."it:,.r.^:::;.:r--—

H,s ,t«d-s to wate,- at l!„«e springs

On ilialicM fl,„vi.,-,s that lies :
AiKl winkinjr Man-i)„<ls l.e^ni,

r<i 0|ie tlii-ir goldii. , ,.s.-

2^:::;:'\;:::;:;:^::::;'--';"--v.,.,.,,,,.,.,.^

YELLOW COLUMBINE

A.inil,xU ,!„:.,,,„„. t.,,,„f,„„ ,.■„„„,.

"i.i. sh.,r, spread!, ,",■ ""'7" v'T"""' P"'""'""" ^ l^'^"^ «".

N.ur»: sepal' r,.,;!: :| L: '„;™*;"'' ''"^'"'"■'^ """ '°"^ '"'■"I--
ji)M,( r tiian tht* .spurs.

Mor.MAIN H.OUKKs

■ f65

I his Columbine, fjrovvs at Kam alntu.k.s. .,,,1 „,„,• l,c .„„„,l
an,,.„«st t e r„cUs at a hc,«,n of .000 ,ect. .hJ^
- h«h, and sparse that there seen,s ,0 be no foothol.l for nv

an n -^r f'"'- "■'"■'^ '*''■"■'' f'-"™ ""■-■ '" three fee hiJh

riK- folia-je of the Yellon. Columbine is nu,eh smaller and
ore .lelK-ate than that of .;.>„„„., ,,„ , ,, ec,uall d
Kieen above and pale ^reen beneath. Xo prettier siit on
;;^see,,. ban Clusters of these wild elfin ,,L::;:t:^;
the cdKc of some great Karren cliff, their fragile kneliness

m^"'^""' "^ '''' ^-^^ =>-' ^-"« - the bidd,„g

YELLOW POND LILY

f-'iiphar p„lysepal,i,„. Watt-r-lilv |.-,imily

Th,s Pond Lily has ntmrerous rotmdcl concave sepals, which

r. a deep orange-yellow colour inside and t.sually streaked

and blotched w,th purple-red on the outside, and a sume the

m th I'sh' r Tr^"'"""" ^"' "^^■"•"'^ "- ^tan,e^,
"cmg thuk, short, and fleshy

\\hl!!^u'f'T,''™'' '-"'^ " ""^ '^" ■''^'"""f"' - "^ --in, the

P mh ; ''^^,''r''»''-'•■ «'«ti"S foliage, and flowers which
I'oets have not disdained to praise.

260

I.onKld|,„v dc. ,,l„i Hiawatha's u.n„^ as Hoatinj;
" L'poii the river
i-ike a yellow leaf in autumn.
Like a yellow water-lily "

•■ The hriKht .\>«//„„, loves to lave
And spread, her golden orbs along the ,lin,pling wave "

the I.at,„ .Vj„,f!„e,n:;r, „r Wat.r-lilv l^an.il)-.

AKCTIC POPPY

''<,paver „,../,■„„./,. l.„pp,- Familv

.^^t^iS:::::^r..^z;v^VT''^'"T'^ "■"=■'""'-•

be.,et with erect bristly hair ^ " ^^<P»"leob„void, densely

ere ,k T • "^ ^'^'"''^ '■" ""= '"P «f » blender very

GOIDEN CORYDALIS

''"'-'"■'"'" """■" '■'"■ ""'■'(■«,/,,&. Fumitorv Familv

i-egular. p'etals fou'Totht: .::""" ""™; ^ -olla tubular,
inleriorones narrow, keeled on L 1, / '"T""" '■" ""■■ '''^'=- ""
body of the corolla, Fr ^ pi ^^ g ^"" "" "' '^"«"' °^ "«

M(U MAIN II.()\V|:k>

267

This plant KcnerallN -...w^ 1„« i , Uk- ^;,„umi, tlu- vay

Hnely <lisson«l UAkiav s|>rca(lin>; out int., lar^c patdiL's that
arc gommcl l,y tlu- iliistas „f ^joMc-n-voUow flcwcTs, whose
form at oner su^Kcsts that of the Wild lil™linf,'-hcart. When
the npc i«ls split open they disclose and scatter numerous
l>rij,'h; shinin.t;- seeds.

TREACLE MUSTARD

li>ysu:ium p„i-.':ihn-uiii. Mustard Family

Stem.: irect, sinipk-. L..»es: oblanceolate or linear, obtuse entire
or (lenlate, the upper sessile, the lower slender-petioled. Flow,,,- nalj
vel low. Fruit: the sili,,ues elonRaled. linear, four-angled, valves slronWv
Keeled by a prominent mid-vein. "

This common Treacle Mustard has very small pale yellow
flowers and rather whitish leaves, which latter fjrow in a tuft
at the base of the plant and also alternately all the wa\' up
the stiff erect stems. The Howers have four tinv Rreen sepals
and four yellow petals, which latter arc cruciate,' or set in the
form of a cross. The Treacle Mustar.l belonfjs to the Crmi-
fcra:, or Mustard Family, all of whose members haNc f,.- r
cruciform jietals.

HEDGE MUSTARD

Sisymhriiim J/,ir/;M.;m,ni,Ji. Mustard I'-amilj

Stems: slender, leaves: pinnate; leaflets lanceolate, obtuse and acutely
toothed. Flowera: small, yellow. Fruit: the siliques erect on aseendini'
pedicels, linear, elongated.

A coarse luiinterestinK pl'im, "ith |>innatelv cut leaves, the
tiny leaflets bcin- sharply timthetl. The flowers are small' and
yellow and the pods long and narrow.

26,S

\ l.i I OH III (1|<,\S(,),

WILD MUSTARD

llinisi.,1 Siii,tfii,lr,ii,i. Mu^i.iHl I .imily

Stemi: iiri'i 1. liispi.!, uiili scalii-ml still' li.iirs. Leaves: iiv.il. <
ili'nuili', till- I.Kiil oiuT. piliM.ililiil. Floweri: slicnw, y. Ilmv. in ,1.
r.K'fnu's. ■ ,.,t the sih(|uus el.iin;,itcil, s„,il,., ii|)|)e.l wiih ,i (1.
(nnic tieiik. Not iiwli^ciuius.

A liMmlsnnK' spLvics hoaiiiif; shmvy vi-llmv llovviis i
min:il rai\-na-s, and has in;; larf,'c cival Icavi-s lliat aiv
r.iarsely tnuthwl, rciiij;h tc. tin- toiuh, anil ions|iiiiiouslv v.
The hasal leaves are h.l.ed. Like all ihe Miistarils. it ha-
iiiHilnnn petals,

GOLDEN WHITLOW-GHASS

i.iisfh

n ler-

\ei\

■ineil

1 tour

Otitlut iiui

Miistaril l-.imilv

Stem.: hrancliing, pubcsci-iit, It-^ily to tlic inflon-sci-nce. U.ve. lusal
ones ,n tiifl.s. spatiilati.-. ol.tusc. sli;;l,tlv lientatc ; stem-leavi-s ol,I,„i.>, acute
Flower.: ydlow. ijctals twice the lenKlh of the calvx. entire. Fruit pol,
aiule, at length sli(;htly tvvisteil.

A plant that resembles a Treaele Miistaril, but is iniKh
smaller and has a ri.snlate tiitt uf leave:, at the base. 'I'iny
single leaves also j;r,nv tip ,m the l>ranehinf,' stems, and the
little deep yellow flciwers jjrow in close dii.sters.

A „lfi,m, or Alpine \\hitlo«-f,Tass, is a tiny species found
at e.xtiemely hi-h altitudes. The leaves are all basal and fcrovv
in a dense tuft, while the tiny clusters of little yellow flowers

■"^; '■'^^' "" »'"-■ < f ^h'"t naked stalks. The whole plant is

hairy and seldom exceeds four inches in hei,-ht.

&tems :
the bas.il

BLADDER-POD

/'/ir^iirii, ,/i,fy„„h,i,/i„. Mustard Family
lecumheiit or ascvndiilir, slender, simple. Le.«s: spalnlale.

i.rs olmise. entire. n:irrowcd into mars;ined petioles; stem-
leaves neady sessile, acute, much smaller. Flowers: velloiv. in tcrndnal
r.icemes. Fruit: po,is didymous. variable, wi.h larRe, stron^dv inflated
cavities, emarKinate at base and summit.

M \l I, i \.\\

MDIMAIN Kl.OWKks

, 211

A most uiri.u,, ami intiTi'stii.K i„.inl, whu h ,,t.hv. „„ hiKh
r.Hky ^l,.|.i.s ami l„rn>H |K,t,h« u|h„, the gr.,un<l In means „l
lis r..scttes of |«lc Hrwn leaves ami .leeumhent sienis. The
little ycll.»v H.iwers are en.eilorni ami im.,ns|,iem,us ,m'
Kvow in clusters at the en.ls „( the Io„k .le.uler stalks whieh
s|.nng nut fn,„, belmv the eentn.l rosettes „f k.Kes, while an
urepilar cKele „! „uter leaves «r„ws k^vnu.! the.n a«ain It
IS the large intlale.l |„|s, „l a ,lelieate Kravgreen hue, whieh
KHo this plant Its conimoi, i,a„„,. and omstitute its greatest
nttraeti.m. They are really evquisitely <|„aint, ami s„ unusual
|is t„ always attraet the noliee „f the passing traveller. The
eaves arc spatulale an<l small. The name /'/,y.u,n., is ,ler,^e,l
n,m the Creek, signifying "l,cn,Hvs,"an,l refers t„ the i„Hate<l
fruit.

YELLOW VIOLET

I'lfla i;!„hell,i_ \lo|e[ IMmili
SWm.: j;:.,hr„us. slender, („„„ ., .sln.r,, ,l,.sl,v. l,nri,on..,l rhixomc
L.....: ra.hcal nne.s ■„, l„„g p,,i„,„. ,1,. „p,,er sl,„r,.|,cti„k.,l. rvnifnn,,.
lorcLite, crenately toothed. Plow.,,: briKhl yellow.

This is a small plant whieh l>lu„ms , l„se t.. the grn„n,i an,l
IS found ihieHy at high altitudes.

'• When beeclien buds hc^'in to swell.

And woods Ihe hinehird's w.irhle know.
The yellow violet's modest bell

I'eeps from the last year's leaves lelovv."
Its bright gokien n,nver.. are finely pencilled in the centre
with black lines, and grow -n short .slender .stalks ami.l a mass
of small roundish 'eaves.

I

YELLOW MELILOT

Melili'lus ,ijtie:nalis, I'e.i Family
S..m,: a.,ce„ding, one ,o four fee. h.lKh, branching. Le„a,: trifoiio-
ate. peuoled rather d,st.ant; leaflets oblong, serrate, narrowed a. ,h.
base rounded a. the apex. Flo.-.,,, in slender race^^es, .standard equal,
ling the wings and keel. Not indigenous.

NKIIdW lO OkAM,!'

Ihr \dl„„ Md.ln,. ,„ Su.ct (lover. cl„sdv ivsoniblcs the
\\li"o Sxv.-cl (■|.,^^•,. 11 has spikf-liko nucmcs m thiv .lus-
tcrnl Howes, which :„c s.ry r,..,a,u and c.xtrcmdv .Iclkate
l«>tl> ■" shape an,l In,., and aiv hornr n„ tall hranchinf;- stonis
which Ircqucntly attain a hci.^hi ol ih.vc or even four teet'

The lea^■es are irif, ale an,l smell verv sweet when .Iried

1 hey droop i„ a peculiar fashion at ni-iu-time, the upper leaflet

''" ^"' ■■^"l^' '^■>Hot elosin,^^ to^jether, until the vertical surface

ol each conies ,n contact with that of the other, while the third
leaflet IS lett alone, exposed to the chills and rains of the

hours ol darkness. The Yellow Me t was introduced into

this country from Kurope

LOCO- WEED

('i;i//-,'/>j, l.tunhnli. I'ea Family

Silky-pubescent will, ,,ppresse,i hairs. ..caulescent, tufted. Leaves'
™i.l-p.n„a.e; leaHe.s linear. „l,to„«, .aute. peduncles lo„,er than tl.e
eaves. Flowers: in lar«e dense heads, or .spikes. Fruit: pods incompletely
t«c-Lelled, coriaceous, sessile, erect, ovoid-cylindric, lonfj-acuminale.

A handsome, rich, cream-coloured or \ellowish species ol
avylrop,,. with soft, whitish, silkv folia.^'e an,l verv fine lar-^e
riower-spikes. It usually ,i,rows on the ,hT alpine meadows "

DRUMMOND'S DRYAS

/'cr,/, i'ntunihu/,//!. Rose i-amilv

I-""-, tuf.ed, herhaceous sl,rul,s. stems: woodv a, ,l,e h.ase. Leaves-
oval, crenate-dentate, green and .dabrous above. wl,i,e-c:,nescent beneatl,'
Flowers: ye low. solitav: caly.x persistent, its tube co„ca^•e, Idr.sutJ
I"IWI ; perils numerous: style elongated and plum.ise in Iruit.

This insi^.niflcant little yellow flower, ^chich meekh^ <lr ,s

it.s head as ,f c-onsrious of its lack of .-ood looks, has t'he most
Invely plumose see<l-heads ima-inahle : and there are few
picltier si.-hls in the mountains than that of .some Inw-lyii,..

I'lAli.; ixxvi

I'Kl \1\1MM)\ l)|<\ IS

MOI.NTAIN FI.OWKRS

alpine meailiiw lilLTall)- ciivcrod with these frail leathery tufts,
rising up on their Ion;;, slender, womly stems several inches
alx.ve the prostrate fiiliaKe, half cif which is evirleil over to
show its silvery lininj; ; for all the leaves of Drummond's
Oryas are fjreen and shining on the top and white and silky
underneath. The Hower consists of numerous small yellow-
petals enclosed in a short, hairy, green calyx ; hut a- soon as
these die and fall off, the stalk elonf;atcs ami the seed-head
i|uicl<ly develops. This plant will ^row in the poorest .soil,
and is most frequently fomid on and gravel beds and in the
gravelly battiuvs of the alpine strc ns.

YELLOW AVENS

Gt'iim \tyntnui. Rose F,7niily

Stems: ascendinj^, puhcsCL'iit. hranclit-d ahovc. Leaves: basal ones
lyrale-pinriate ; leaflets live to .seven, oliiivate. cuncate. dentate, with .1
few smaller ones interspersed, the terminal one largest ; slem-leaves ses-
sile, with three to five ovate acute segments. Flowers: several, termiiKii.
of five petals.

This is a common ]ilant, with bright yellow five-petalled
flowers and large foliage. Each leaf is pinnately divided and
has one big terminal segment and from foiu- to si.\ smaller
leaflets, interspersed with .some very tiny ones. The most
noticeable featine is the fruit, which consists of a ball of
seeds, each one teriiiiuating in an elongated barbed style.

G. macropliyllum, or Large-leaved A\eiis, is \ei \ like the
preceding species, but it has much larger, coarser foliage, ft
also has bright yellow flowers and a bur-like head of .seeds,
each (me of which terminates in the same slender, jointed.
hooked style which is a distinguishing ch.uacteristic of this
genus of plants.

Koth the Yellow Avcns and the Large-leaved Avens haw
lobed and toothed leaves .ind small clo\e-scented flowers.
They are rough hairy plants ami resemble weeds.

^l■.l,lo^\ K) oR.wci;

Uiiultnuiivi.- ^is )-, the iiKirso fiiluiHc of the Gciims, yet theiv
prniirose-thiteil l)lo^s..ms j,'le:uii like jewel;, of pale k'iIiI amidst
the (lark f;reeii leaves, and these redeem the |>laius lnim utter
ugliness.

COMMON CINQUEFOIL

/'.'//■///;//,( ,lissi\l,i. Kose r.iiiiily

Sterna: dtcumhcnl or asitndiriK. Leaves: ])innatc ; liaHels live to
seven, llie uiiper one iniiiely pinnatind. dent.ite. Flowers: few. in .in
open tymt.

This is a low alpine plant, more nr le.ss .silky anil hairy, aiul
has a yellow flower with a five-lohed caly.x and Hve roundish
petals. It resembles a miniature rose. The foliajje consists of
from five to seven toothed leaflets on each stem, the terminal
leaflet heiiif; three-lobed at the ape.\.

There are se\'eral varieties of this species: P. dissecla vtii.
glaiicopliylla has smooth {jreen lea-.es ; /'. dissicta vai: multi-
sccta has whitish silky foliafje, each leaflet heins; lony and
narrow; and P. dissecta vai: finnatisccta has more numerous
leaflets and a one-flowered stem, which fjrows only about three
inches his,'h, the whole plant beini^ smooth, with the exception
of the hairy caly.\ and tufted apices of the leaves.

Many of the Cinquefoils (cinque, '•fi\e ■ ; fiiii/ks. "lea\es ")
have five-parted leaves, hence their common name.

P. .hiurinii, or Silver-weed, is a tufted plant, with eloni,mted
pinnate leaves com|iose<l of from seven to seventeen lea'flets,
which :'-e sharply to,,il,ed, -reen, ;niil snio,)th (,n the top, and
very :..,,.y and whitish underneath. .\ characteristic feature
of the Silver-weed is the minute pairs of leaflets which <,tow
between the real leaflets, hut ;ue merely tiny pointed growths.
The yellow flowiTs, which are typical of the whole Rcnus and
have five brads, five sepals, five petals, and numerous stamens,
Krou- on slender n;ikrd st:dks that sprin,:; from the a.xils of the

1st

MOIN'IAIN KI.OUKKS

"4

leavos. The flowers are very pretty and ^cW,;^^ . aiul e.„„„„mly
ffrow in 'he miiist meadows, fur there

■■ I'he silver-weed with _vell,)w riowers.
Half liiilclcn hy the leaf of gray,
lilooms on the bank of that ulear brook
Whose music cheers my lonely way."

The Silver-weed creeps ah,n- the -n.imd by means of
slender many-jointed runners, and its stems are usually
curved ami winding, When the f.ait ripens it consists of a
head formed of several little achenes, or nvitlets. The Pofa,-
tillas are very numerous in the mountain regions,

I\ arguta. or -fall Cinc|uefoil, is a handsome plan' with
coarse pinnate leaves, the terminal one beinj; wedKe-shaped
and three-elelt at the top, and has small white flowers -rowin.-
abundantly in loose clusters. "

P. Xonrgica, or Roiif,di C:iiu|uetoil, is a coarse weec' -
plant, with leaves that are dividetl into three leaflets a,.d
yellow flowers that grow in rather close leafy clusters.

/'. Hifpiam, or Woolly Cinquefoil, is a stout plant with
quantities of densely floccose and silkv foliage. The leaflets
are whitish and woolly on both sides', ami deeph- dentated
The flowers are bright yellow, and grow m graceful terminal
clusters.

r.gmcil.s, or Small Cinquefoil, has verv small leaves
heart-shaped in outline and com|>osed of from three to seven
leaflets, which are white and woolly beneath and green and
silky on the top. The little flowers are yellow.

/'. /;;;■-,;, .,r Alpine Cinquefoil, grows at great altitudes and
IS found at 8500 feet. It is a tiny plant, with .small trifoliate
white and w,K,lly lea^■es and wee terminal vellow fl.nvers

In studying the PotentUlas it is wise to refer to the
Rammculi. also recorded in this Section, and n.ite the close
resemblance yet distinct variations which e.xist between the
two genera. The differences between tho f,>!i.-i-e -o- —-

3,So

VKILOW TO OKANCW,'

l'oU,„W.,s .nd ,l,:u .,1 ,he K..n,.,uuli have alrc-:uly been
■vfenx., .„,n,u. d.>.v, ,,,,,,„ „nhela«erpla„t^^
1.C' lurther n„tal hcc that the »,a„,cn. „f ,he Ra„„na,l, arc
h)l>.«yno..s, nr l.„.ne at .he base or below the ovarv, while
those of the r,.n„nllns are pe.iKynous, or l,o,ne o„ t'he peri-
anth around the ovarv.

YEILOW SAXIFRAGE

■S.lxi,,„j;„ „/.;,u/,;. SavifraRe l-amily

■amen, ten, ,„ser,cd with tl,e petal.,. fJ,. ,„„ ,„,1 tcl ' ,'
lobed at the summit ; styles short , stiifmas capitate.

This Yellow Sa.^ifrage .rows amonf; the wet rocks at ^■er^
h.Kh alt.ttKles. 1, has slender stems, adorned w,th alternat'e
K^ves, wh,eh are Ion,, an.l narrow and etiKed with a lew fine
ha rs. Ihe fiowers j,tow erect and open o„t ..v, ,M,|e, their
peta .s be.ng . umlly spotted with or.tn^^e. The ten stamens are
c.msp,cnous, and s„ is the lar^e two.eelle<l ovarv. while the
styles are short and tipped with roundish stigmas: This plant
fjrows ,n dense tufted elt.sters front two „, .si.. i„,|,es hi,h and
may be „u„d in the most sun-forsaken c fannies, where 'th^- iey
breezes blow across the siiow-fields.

STONECROP

Srdi,,,, .(/,«„/>,/„/„,„. Orpine family

l-lowerin;; l.ranclu-s ere,,. Leaves: alternate, crowded, hut sea, -elv

mhncated e.xeept on ,l,e sterile shoes, .se.ssile linear en i 1 ^7

■n a ,hree-.„-seven forked cyn.e. ™n,paet . ^^2:TvJ^:^

very acute, much e^ceedin^ the ealyx.loi.es. ' '■'"""'■■"^■

This plant is well name.l S,</,„„. fn.m sa/,n- "to sit " for

■t Mts very happily, and in lowly fashion, „p„„ ,h, i,,,,,,

M<H NiAIN II.()U|;k-

:!M

h-M hills .t hiuh altitud.v It IS a n,„M „„.,„„„ plant TIk-
tiny, pale {jiLvn, juicy k-avcs. rn.wdcil „n the thick .|„„t
stems, are, like human Hesh, easilv brnisd ; an,l ea> h of the
briKht yellow Howers, which -row ■„ ,|e„.c .lusters, has fotir
.>r five narrow pointed petals. There are ten stamens, the
alternate ones heiiiK attached to the petals. The five erect
carirls are tipped with ],nv^ conspicuous an,l .liverKem stvles
crowned b) fat stigmas.

The sm,»,th clammy foliage of the Stone. rop retninds the
traveller forcibly of the narrow f;ap which lies between the
Anmial and the W-etable Kin;;doms, for the touch of its
flesny leaves ,s most repulsive, resembling that of some cold
moist body, l.-ort.mately, however, it is redeemed from bein-
entirely objectionable by the twinklin- little -olden blossoms"
which are as healthy and natural in their appearance as the
foli.iKe is the \ery reverse.

•■ FUnviT ill the crannitd «all.
I pluck you out of the crannies.
I hold you liere. root and all, in my hand.
Little Hower — hut // I could understand
What you are, root and all. and all in all.
I should know what C.hI and man is.-

"No deeper thouo-ht ,vas ever tittered bv .x.et," .s.ays |o,,n
l-iske, m his beautiful work, Zy^w../, .\ •„„„.,. /„ (;,„} ^ '„ ,,„
in this worki of idants, which, with its magician, chlorophyll
conjiirinK with sunbeams, is ceaselesslv at work brinKin-. iifj
out ol death - in this quiet vc-etable worl.l we mav find the
elem.-ntarv ,>nncip|es of all life in almost visible operation."

Care must be taken not to confuse the Yellow .Sa.xifra.'e
witli the Stonecrop. The former has tinv, thin, ordinary leave"
while the latter has leaves that are thick, fleshv, and very
juicy. Ihis peculiar foliage of the Stonecrop enables it to
retain a c|uantity of m.iisture durin.- the drv season, an attri-
bute which proves e.Mremely useful, since it\.rows in crevices

2N.'

\ i:i low TO oK.wci-:

:ill(l ir.llllin-. 1k-1«ii'I1 ihr Icwk- u-l.' Ihr slKirsi' drv soil
Mtfiinls lltlk- HI II.. ^il>lrn.uur I., llu- n«i|s; lu-lu c lis Mlillily
l.>lHlhil)c ;lll(l ivt:lill iniii^tliu- tlll(ill;;h Its Ir.ivcs iviuliTS il lit

t(. rii.urisli on these sjmU und stt.ny sI..ih_'s.

YELLOW WILLOW-HEHB

Efiilohiuin littt'iiin. \\\i'\\\\v^ I'rirnr.is.' laiiiilv

Stems, slftuler. nearly siinpte. Leaves: .i\alf. aiutf. siiiuati'-tontlu-.l.
stssili- F'^iweia: l'r..in the axils of llu' ii|.]ici si.nu-wliat iri.w.lc.l li_avtjs ;
rnr..lla funiicl-lorni, raifjy rxpaii.lin;;. tin- li.Iits il.-c[>[\- tiut.luMl; calyx
short ami tlct-ply clett,

'I'lu- |i;ile k.|H.in-i..i.niinl fl.)uiTs ..I the W-ll.iw Will.nv.licth
nr.)« ill qnantitiL's iic;ir iiiiinin;; u:iii_-i. nr in the ilccp ni..ist
valleys wluiv the rushes whisper in their hiiskv lhi-..ats anil
the m..ss weaves laee-like patterns t.i ei.ver the jjiiiiind. 'I'hi-
plant stands In.in six iiuhes tn tw.. leet lii^;h, ami has lari,'e,
eonspienonslv veined leaves, with wav\ niarL;ins, whieh are
very sharply tei.thed. The H.iwers 're exti-enielv pretty and
delieate in hue: their four petals, fiilded in lunnel-f.irni, rarely
expand, and are held up in fjreen calyx-eiips, whieh in llieir
turn are cleft intii four naiT.iw slender divisi.ins.

EVE- ""(G PRIMROSE

UHiiot/it-ni bicfuii.^. I-A'L-nin^ Primrose Family

Stems: erect. St. nit, vvand-likc. Leaves: l.ince.jlatc, acute, narrowed
and sessile at the ba.sc. repaml ileiukul.ite. Flowets: spicalc. terminal,
leafy-hraeted ; calyx-tube slender, the lobes linear, rerlexed.

The Kveninj,' I'rinir.i.se, whose bright yellow blossoms open
in the twilif,'ht, somewhat resembles the Yellow Willow-herb,
whose paler H.iwers bl.i.im at the bidding of the sunshine.
Seen in the daytime, the Kvenint; I'rimrose appears faded and
uninteresting: but viewed at night, its fragrant flowers are
exceedingly attractive. The plant grows to ;in average height

I'l \ii; I \\\ III

-Sj

Moi M \IN H()H|;k-»

(il ihr.T liil, ,111.1 li,i~ .ilu-in.il.- i.uuc ,li.i|K.I li-.m-s .in.l n> t

I)IkU N.I s.i,,|UI h.l.s tin- Mill ■.Cl tiuill 111,' bu.ls i)i-;;||| I,,

o\|>:inii, tlic iLiscly il.„i-.l i;ilv\ Mi,|,li-nK liiiislin;; .i|ii-ri with
^1 l.ni.: i».ii. ;iiul then .,m- In ..lu- ilu- ,k|.iIs ^l.lu|^ unl..M, unlil
Ihc whiile sul|.hur-c..|.uin-,l tl..wi-i ,s ui.lr.|,l,,«n :in,l sends
li.rth its swi-ft lnif;niiH.' t.. sccnl tin- c.cniiif; .m

"A uit't of fVfniii;; piimr.isfs
O'lr ivhiih till- inin.l niiulu li..Mr till it .l.i/es,
Hut tliM it '» iviT slarlltd l,y lliu kap
< tf IhiiIs iiii.i rijn- ri.iwcis."

A siii^;k. siiniiiK'i iii;;ht MiHiii's t.. ...iisiimc thf \it.ilily ;in.l
lH-,nit\ ..I this M.nvrr, uhn h at .M-iiiii;; is ln'sh and lair and
iH'ulv bl.,wn, and liy ii.hiii 1.,..I<s ladt-.l ami iii,,sl .k-joital. It
is stran;;c h..w VL-ry lraj;ranl ami l.noly at.- many ..( tlicso
" riowcrs that hl..w when thu neat ..1 the dav is .I'l r," sm h,
t.ir instaiuo, as tlu' Nif,'ht-l)lii.iminK .K'>-siminc, the Ni,!;h|.
liliiiiminf; (V-iiMis, and the NiKhtdiLmniint; Cartus The >elt..w
petals .it the l-'.veniii;; I'rimnise shine s.. liiniiii.iuslv in the
'" ■ 'li-i' ii.v> '"isil) ai;ra.l th,- . lej'.is. ular iii..Ths. uhi. 'i
lertili/e the |)lants In lainin;; the ahindant stiiky |nlleii
Ir.jni .me fl.iwer t.i amither. 'Ihe nimiber Imn is eniispii n-
oiis in this H.iwer, whi.h has |.,ur petals, a loui-parted calyx,
ciffht slanuns, a l.iii--eelle(l .nary, ami a Iniir-i lelt sti^'nia.
When the minlla fades, after its sinfilf nif,'ht ..I ie\elry, it
sriiin shrivels and drops iirT, anil then the .ibli.ii^' eapsiile
cnntainin). the seeds qiikkly niatiues.

MEADOW PARSNIP

'nni^pruiii ,iir,i,if!iii!, !'.irsk-\ Family

Stem§: ercci, braiuhi-d. Leavea: upper stfm-k'avts riim|)i)uiKl, sh.irt-
pclioled. tfrnalc. ll.c stfjiiieiils ovale. iTinati-dfntate ; lj,isal leaves long,
peti.iled. sometimes undivided. Flowers: in umbels, eight-to-twelve rayed.
Fruit ; globose-ovoid.

2.S(-)

Mj.low i() ()KA.\(,i:

he hn,lu shmi;,^ ;,,-..„ I.^u-s .,f this l'.,-.nip and ,,.
bnlhant golden „■„, ol.s „l „„n„„. fl„«,,s rond.inc to rcndrr
't ""•-■ -I the ,„a„y ha„dsn,m- plants that deck the <lan,n
nlpine meadows. It has s,o„, hollow stalks a,ul verv > 'lossy
l-liase, the leaves hein.o ternate. or arran,^'ed in thtves, with
liroad, wavy-niar};irie,l, shal■|>l^ toothe.l leaflets. It has a
disa.Ljreeahlo odour.

h
most

HAIRY GOLDEN ASTER

CIn

J'";

rill,,,

site V:

inilv

sterns; villons. Leaves- altcnril,. .aj,.,. . i. i

, "avis. .111(111,11,, i.bloii,;, iiliiu.se. the upper ones

.ss.le. tie l,„.„ ones ,„a,T„su..l i,i,„ . p,,;,,,,., ,„,,, ^.^^^^^
.p,ire,,e<l bans. F,„wers: he.uls few, ,c,™i,ia,i,i. ,he .lior. br.xnche ■
r..>s ohlong-linear; involucre liemisplieric. Fruit: achenes obovate.

The yellow Aster is a very hairy plant, as denoted bv its
>;.mmo-. name, it affeets ,lry or sandv soil, ami ^rows from
S.N to ei^drteen ini hes hi^d,. The sten,s are sim,,le, ami near
the summit short hrairc hes spread out, terminating' in the
solitary heads, whieh are < omposed of Imth tubular ami nadiate
Howers. These bri.uht Koklen flowers are enclosed in an invo-
I.H-re. whu-h IS lormed of several series of tinv ^reen bracts
1 he name ( /„;,.■„/,„. from ,/,;,,„,, ...-„,,,.•■ and \f.us ■•aspect "
ts peculiarly a|.plicable to these ,,a,^ vellow blossmns. whiJh
glonfy the dry waste places wi;h their shininj; .splemlour.

APLOPAPPUS

Af,l.,f,„fif,„< H,;„„/r,.,i. Coinposile ramil,.

.iiio'r;:,;,ieZe 'f"' ""''?■ r^^-P"'— • ."-'invomcre lanu-
Kl 1 mc t oni ntosc. Leaves: r.uli. ill ones obovate „r spatulate, contracted

.nto a slender petiole icauline ones few,. sparse. .,„,.all Ftowers- in head,
o radiate and disk-tfowers : rays eiglu ,„ twelve, M«ula,e 't i, Ihte
oWon. : disk corol as perfect, dilated towards the suntnii,. deepK fiv -'
tootlul. Fruit: .iclienes oblong-turbinate, densely silky villous.

This is a dwarf herb.aceous ,.lant. with a tult of tinv
leaves at the base and one or two miniit

Teen
s elinj,rin<; to its

I'l.Aii; ixxix

i;i »M Sl \|.|.,,M IK

M(U\\1'AI\ M.(J\VKKS

289

stems. It ^trovvs only fnim three to six lehes hiKh, and is
found on lofty summits at Sooo and 9000 feet. 'I'he flowers
resemble bright yellow daisies, and are rather ragged looking.
At times, as th> traveller stands upon the crest of some
moimtain top, whi-re '.he earth seems ver_\ close to the sky of
l)erfect blue, the ,t,'ambof;e blossoms of the Aplopappiis, cover-
ing,' the srounti with a torrent of bloom, seem to singe across
the alpine jilatcaus in a succession of goklen waves.

CANADA GOLDEN-HOD

Sofitfiii^o L\z/iiuff!!si^\ Composite Familv

Stems: stout, little braiulicd. pul)erulent. Lea.M: alternate, I.inceol.ate,
triple-nerved, acute at each end. the lowir ones .-iharrJy serrate and peli-
oled, the upper ones smaller, entire, sessile. Flowers: heads numerous,
of l)oth tubular and radiate dowers, on tlie spreading or recurvinf;
branches of the large and dense panicles ; involucre campanulate, the
bracts linear, imbricated in several series ; rays in one series, jiistiilate ;
disk-flowers nearly all perfect ; corolla tubular, live-cleft.

The Golden-rods, many species of which grow abundantl\-
in the mountain districts, are, together with the Asters, the
handsomest of the late autumn flowers. Retaining the riih
glow of the summer sun in their ripe yellow blossoms, they
brighten the slopes and border the trails with a reflected
glory. For the Golden-rod is at hcmie in all kinds of places :
by the dusty wayside and in the deep green forests ; close to
the borders of the ice-born streams, and out in the open
meadows, where the rays rjf light at noontuic shine strongest.
In each of these localities the tall wands, bearing their wealth
of golden florets, wave gently to and fro, and never can we
mistake the feathery plumes of the larger species, or the
straight woody stems of the smaller ones, which are so thickly
crowned by the tiny radiant flowers of this queen of Nature's
garden.

It is a more ditficiilt matter, however, to differentiate
between the man; species of Golden-rod that grow at high

2tjO

\ i.ii ou ro ()K.\N(;r:

altitudes. The Canuda (itihlLn-roi! is pcrha|»s the easiest one
to reiiiirnizL-. siiu e ii is the largest as well as the hamlsnpiest
nf its trihe, and has I)i,L;' branrhinjj," panieles i)t ihise-idustured
blussunis, very Ioiil;. narr.>\v. pointed leaves nf a dull j;rayish-
j;rern hue. and stnut woudv stems, which have a eottoiiy
appearance and attain an avera^^e hei^^ht (tf three feet,

So numerous are the (iolden-rods on this continent that it
is possible lo ni'te uiiK a lew ol the nmre conspii i:'Uis species
which tile traveller is likely to find and j^^ather in the coursj
nt his wanderinj;s amid the i;reat hills, where

■■ Alnni,' the n.aiiside. like tin; tlowt-rs of ^itld

Tl .It tawny liiras for llicir ■j;ardL'ns uT.ni'.;ht.

HtMvy with sunsliiiiL' dronps tlie ;(()ldt'ii-r(ii!."

.V. dfciimbcns, or Field Golden-rod, has tall, stiff, wand-like
stems, which terminate in liense comi)act panicles of flowers,
and sparse, huii;. narru\^ leaves, with even marj^ins. It is
very beautiful to walk across the ali)ine fields, where

" The {■uldtn-rod liyhts slowly
Its torch for tlit Autumn l)laze,"

and where the other fall llowers unite to celebrate the pass-
ing; of summer in a riotous splendour of scarlet, purple, anil
i;o!d, and there re\cl in the sun-like smiles of these i;av blos-
soms that illumine tiie landscape.

.V. multiraiiiatix 'at: scof^nloi uni, or Xorthern Golden-rod,
is -\ coarser species with small loose clusters of rather lar^v
deep yellow fiowers. which terminate the leafy downy stems,

"Mow dec])eiiing bright, like mounting llamc. dotli liurii
Tiie golden-tod upon a thousand liilK.
This is the Autumn's riower, and tn iiu- smil
A token frcsli of heaul\' and ol'lifr,
And lifi.''s .supreme deliglit,"

.S', Missoiiriiiisis. or Mountain Golden-rod. has a perfectly
smooth slender stem antl short, broad, branching; panicles
of yellow flowers. The leaves are thick and lance-shaped.

I'lAlK 1 .\.\\

Gl<i;.\T-|-'|,iiW|,|<i:i, (; MI lAHIilA

MOIMAIN I'l.OUKKS

293

with entire roufjh margins. It grows in drv siiil and roars
its clusters of golden liloom where the sunhglu and siuide
interlace at the edge <if the forests.

.S. ncmumlis, or Gray Golden-rod, is so cdled op account
ol its gray-green cottony stems and leaves. The latter are
lance-shaped and sharply toothed.

Thus we see that the Golden-rods grow evcrvwhere, Irom
the high hill-crests to the deep sweet valleys; that some
species attain to a height of si.\ feet under certain very favour-
able conditions, while others grow in dwarf alpine forms, well-
nigh prostrate upon the ground; some arc slender-stemmed,
some have stout woody stipporl ; some bear big branching
panicles of abundant bloom, while others again have but few-
blossoms closely clustered about their erect stalks. Yet in
spite of all these many differences between the various species,
die Golden-rods are quite unmistakable as a genus.

GIANT SUNFLOWER
Ilelianthtts i^ii^aitleus. Compo.site F.imily

I'ereiiiiial hy lleshy roots and creeping rootstocks. Stems; erect, liis-
pid. liranched near t!ie summit. Leaves: lanceolate, very rough above,
pubescent beneath, serrate, at un.in.ite at the apex, narrowed at the b.ase.
Flowers: niys spreadinj;, entire: disk-tiowers perfect, fertile: corolla tu-
bular, the tube short, the limh five-lobed : Involucre hemispheric, hirsute.

What the cultivated Sunflower is to the other dwellers
in old-fashioned gardens the wild Giant Sunflower is to the
other dwellers in the woodlands. It is the gorgeous ornament
and lord of the locality, one of the most conspicuous of all the
many flowers that might fairly be designated by the term liclios,
"the sun," and nntlws, "a flower"; for the yellow Asters,
Aplopappi, Gaillardias, Arnicas, and Ragworts are really all
equally amenable to this title.

The Giant Sunflower has live large blossoms, composed of
numerous bright yellow rays and a disk of perfect fertile florets.
I he leaves are lance-shaped and very rough to the touch.

J>I4

\ I I 1 1 m Ki (jk wi.i:

1 !"■ l"l-ll purl, M(~.|r, U-kTlill- In llu> IImHlT ;1,-. Ull

I'liilik-ni ijf loiislam \ . h.i^ miiij; thai

■■ I lir Miiilliiu.T turns t):i licr un,| wli.ll tlL* ScN
■111.. vuiU' Innk «lli. Il >lu; iNMiM viIr-|| lie n.s,-,"

Bill lact, imlniiuiKiU-ly. rclnsr-. tn inrr.il».ralL- his rimiaiuir
lalKV, lor alas ! lla- I/, !i,iii/iiiis dtto iint Uini IN hi,:; ^i.likai
tl.iuiT-laic Iniin rasi i,, urst in Inllnw llu' i.Hirst' nf I Iil' sun
,i;n(i, hill, nil IliL- rniuiaiA, rL-niaiiis in Iho same piisUinii all
.lay InllK

In nlik-n (la\s, in I'.au an. I Mcsi..., this ll..WL'r nii aipifil
a 1 ;mp..rtanl pla.r Imlh in Ih.^ in\ tli.,l,,-\ an. I in the si nl|)Uilv
nl the i-niinlry. anil alsn was eniplnyeil as a ni\slir ami sailed
eaihlem hy ihe iiihaliilaiils, I'lie maidens » hn waited up.in
lae Sim j^n.l in the leni|>le w.nv nn their breasts representa-
II. ins ..I it exeeiile.l in heaten jj.ild, and it ais.. was extensively
nilli\ateil in the gardens nf the priests.

The aneieiit (Ireeks helie\ed that the H,/i,iii//iiis was the
i.iearniitinn of the nymph Cdylie, who by reason nl her threat
liive lor Apollo sal Inr nine days iip.m the ,i,'r.uinil intently
^a/iii.LC at the nrb .if day. until at len^-th she berame r.iote.l
t.i the earth and her fare was transformed int.i the shiniuL;
ilisk of the SiinH.iwer.

All these legends tend, perhaps, tn inrrease nur interest in
this handsome ]ilant. whose brilliant-hued bluss.ims burn with
a .gulden lii;ht in the m.iuntain thickets and wh.ise leaves
make a wavm;; of slij;lii shadows acr.iss the land.

GREAT-FLOWERED GAILLARDIA

Ciill, II, /h, ,111,1,}/,!. (.■,im|>(i.siti' F.imily

Stems: .simple, or littli; liniiKlic.l. liirsufj uitli jointnl ll.lirs. Leaves:
firm, .kaisely puhcsr.-iil, lliu l.uvtr iiii.l b.isnl .mes peliiilal. uIiIohe. l.iciii-
i.ati-. ).inii;itifi(l or entire ; u])per leave.s sessile. Kineeolate. entire or den-
I.ile. Flowers: i.ir.i;e-|w.i.nirie.l. luMils ol tublil.ir .in<i m.li.ite (lowers;
rays .-iincate. Ihree-t.u.llied : l.r.iets ,if the involucre liirsulc.

I'l \m: I xwi

nt.\m-I.i:.\i-' AiiNK ,\

MOl'MAIN MOUKkS

297

A KiirKccuis railiunt blnss.im, with nuniciini^ liil^-lit ^ulikn
rays, which arc thrLV-lnhcil at Ih'j a|ic.\, anil having alsci a biK,
lrinf,'c<l, glcibcisc, rcikhsh-bniu n n-iUrc. irinipciscd iif many
minute (lisk-Hcnvcrs. The leaves are euarse, the hir^er .jnes
bein',' tixiihed haM-way in the nncldie.

There are nieailcius In the mountains rendejeii nion- lieau-
tiful than any others by reason of these ■,'reat slimvy (;an-
lardias.

(iadlardia Land ! It lies tar from the l)usy marts of men.
nine heavens above, and K"lden flowers about yuur feet, and
all the world full of a xery abandon of colour. Here

-.A tlinus.mcl (Hliiurs ris.\
lircatlied up from lil..ssoins ut .i tliimsaiiil (l\is."

Ways of peace lead over the helds of rest, and whc.soever
wanders therein finds sweet food for dreams, and f,dad]\ess
all the way.

" lilue of a Ijurning, Ijoundless skv.
CJoltl of a l)oun{l)f.s.s, spIeniHii sud ;
l'ro(ltK.ll noontide, f.ir anil nii,'ii,

lilue ami gold on the plains of ( lod."

HEART-LEAF ARNICA

ArniuJ ii'n/if,'/uj. Cotnpo.site fainily

Stenn: simple, or sparingly branclicd. Leani: bas,il .nnd lower ones
ov.ite, obtuse and deeply cordate at the base, dentate ; stem-leaves in
pairs, ovate, sessile, small. Flowers ; large long-peduneled heads of both
tubula' and radiate flowers; receptacle flat; ravs slightlv toothed at
the apex.

This is the most common species of Arnica in the moun-
tains, and is a handsome plant, standing friim one to two feet
high. It has pale Rreen hairy leaves, which are markedly
heart-shaped at the base, and many attractive blossoms com-
posed of iighi golden lays, their deep yellow centres consist-
ing of numerous disk-flowers. These blossoms, which are

2>).H

^ I I 1 1 n\ 1 1 1 ( Jk \\i,i.

l-iul..s,-.| III ;, h.lllX |1,M,|tl, ir. |..|lii,-,| In ,1 sclii-. .i| Ii.IIImU

Ki.Tii lM.ul^, -i,nv miil;I\ mi m |,.iii^ ,,i [1,^^, j.,,,!^ ,,| ii,^. I,, 11^,
>lL-niKT stalks

./, I /hiiiiissfiiis. Ml CluiniisM.'s Amu, I. i, :i;i i-\tivniclv
li.iii> ^|ll■^K■■,, usn.illv li.iinil iii-.ir ujin \\w |,-.im's aiv very
Ion;; ami 11.11 r,,w, and ^li;;hlly t..ullifii ; ih.; ||. i«,'i ^ au- Miiallr'r
llian lliMs,. ,,| il„. Ilr,ii|.l,.al Ariiaa. anil -r..u in , liiMri>.

./ .i/,''ii„l.;\ .\l|iiiu- Amaa, Is a -rairtiil ilrli, alrU |..inK.,i
lilani, ualh Inn-, iiaiiMU. iu.ith,.,| K-avrv ami a Mii^;ic ilmvcr
liTiiiii.atinK carh si. ■in ll aK., IrnnK-iUly lia, Iw.i a.lilil iniial
flmviTs spnnniiiK- lii.m the a\il> i.l tlu- n|i|HM- I.mm-v ScMnal
|)airs lit Ilmm-s ^inw Mil the su-ln-., and allM;;rlliri llic |ilam
lircscnls a ni.m' Nk-iulLT. iv(in<;.l a|i|icaran. r than do cillicr
111 llii- luM |iivn-din^- s|n'ik-s.

A. r.iriyi. Ml- I'arrys Ai iii, a, Iwars a iiiriMiis llnwcr uilli
11" rays al all, Inil only a ivi cplaik- .if ilisk-tl..«i-is cihIms.'.I
ina^;rc.-n nn.iliu re Tlicsu ll.iucr-llL-ad.s iiMially ^rnu- in iluocs
al the summit ..I the ihico shnrt-branihod stems. Ilu-y ,i|,|,ear
til have simply Inst their rays in the early sta^^e ..f deeMnipn-
slti.in, but sueh is not the rase; llie\- ne\er hail am.

GOLDEN RAGWORT

S,-t!c,i^' llaluimtt'r. t.niii])0)iitf l\iiiii|y

1't.Tciiiiiiil. often liMluil, Stems; sIitkIlt. w.k.IIv al llui hiisc- anfl in the
a.xils of the lower leaves. Leaves r hasal ones sieiuler-|itliiiled. .ihl.iin;.
very ohtiise, iTenale : stemleaves piiiii.ititi.i. sessile, small. Flowers: m
eiirymhose maiiy-timvere.! lie.lils of h.illi uihuhir ami rayll.iM ers.

This is a \er\ v.iiiimiiii plant in the m.iiinlaiiis It has
bri^dlt yell.nv H.nv.-rs. wlii.li «hen in seed ivs.-nil.l,. small
thistles. The rich l.«,se ilusters ..f the CMildeii Ka^jwurt
Krmv t.. an avera,L;e hei;,du ..f ei-hteen iiuiies. The basal
leaves Ivue Inn.^ stalks and are r.ninde.l ..r ..bLino, „iih seal-
l.iped -d^'es, uhile the stem-le.ives are liin--. narrMiv, and sleii-
<ier. ;m.i \tn .ie.-|.'\ mi. Tiie name Seiieda is Iniii .uihx

I'l Ml. I \\\ll

UiS

MOIMAIN H.()U|;RS

301

"an old man," anil refers to the hoarv-heailed appoaranie of
the |)lant when in seed, which is su|. posed ti> resemhle the
silkv white hair of the patriarch.

Different species of Ka;,'worts are <|uite numerous at hijjh
altitudes. They all have yellow llowers of various hues, shad-
ing from primrose to amber and oran,!;v ; hut the (lolden
Ragwort is the most abundant of them all. It is principally
by their widely di\erse foliage that the Sm.cw.t nuist be
distinguished.

So bright and gay are these flowers, and all their fellows
of golden mean, that we are compelled to wonder what caused
Wordsworth, gentlest of poets and truest of Nature lover.s,
to write :

•111 hcl.lH tlu- y.-lli.vv llouvTS,
tliildren nf tin.- Harins; lioitrs."

What would the meadows be without the Damlelions, tne
Sunflowers, the (irjklen-rods, and the Arnicas.' The land
would lose much of its cliarm in Autumn did not these bril-
liant blossoms blazon back the beams of the declining sun.

.v. /naiiirir/iinx, or (Hant Ragwort, is a large < 1: rse s|)ecies
with closely set flower-heads and numerous long triangular
leaves, strijugly veined, and sharply toothed at the edges.

.S'. iiiiins, or Silvery Grinmdsel, is exactly described by its
name, for it has white silky stems and leaves and pale yellow
flowers. It is a small plant and grows on the dry o|)en
meadows. The basal leaves are oblong and have even mar-
.gins, while the tiny stem-leaves are slightly toothed.

-V. Ingcns, or HIack-tipped Croimdsel, is so called on account
of the conspicuous little black tips distinguishing the bracts
of its involucres, or gTCon cups, which hold up the deep
amber-coloured flowers. The basal leaves are very long and
toothed ; the upper leaves cling closely to the stem, and are
small, bract-like, and smooth.

3"-'

\ l:i,iO\\ lO OKANGIC

alpliK- species
haiTcn idckv

MANY-FLOWERED HAWKSBEARD

Cn/iis i-!(-i;ftfis. CoTiipcisite Kaniily

Stems; many from a tap-root, ditfu.sely branched. Leaves: entire, or
nearly .so, radical ones spatulate. cauline ones l.mceolate to lineai.
Flowers; in small numerous-clustered heads. Fruit; aclienes linear-lusi-
form, minutely scabrous on equal narrow rilis, attenuate into ;i short
slender beak: pappus copious of very slender white bristles.

The Hawksbeanl.s are all yellow, and their rays are si|uarecl
and finely toiithed at the ti|)s, a characteristic which enables
the traveller tii at once distinj^iiish them fi.>m the Arnicas,
to which the\- hear a stroni; resemblance.

The Hawksbeards are not very pretty or vcrv interestintc
flowers, yet they contribute their share of jjohlen strands to
Nature's summer carpet.

C. iMiki. or .\lpine Hawksbeard, is ;i small
that f,mi«'s at an altitude of ,Sooo feet, on
f,'rounil. It is :i tiny plant, forming tufts and bearinx- many
clusters of small flowers.

C. iiDhiiiata. or \akcd-stenimed Hawksbeard, has a cluster
of lonjj-shaped leaves at the base, and slim, almost leafless
stems, terminatinf; in single yellow flowers. It gn.ws in iiKjist
soil.

HAIRY HAWKWEED

nicnuiuni Scoiilt'yi. Composite I'amilv

l'ul)escent will, lonx crisp hairs, pale ;;reen. stems: one to two feet
high, vely leafy. Leaves ; lanceolate, sessile. Flowers : in a loose irregular
panicle ; inMilucral bracts iml>ricated in two or three series ; ravs truncate,
tive-tootlied at tlie ;tpe.\.

.\ lo\cl\ |)laiu ! The p:de f;Tcen stems, lca\cs, and buds,
thukly clothed with fine silvery hairs, anil the brilliant s^nlden
lloucrs lonn an c.\c|uisile c<intrast, delifjhtins the eve of the
traveller. This Hawkwccd is comparatively nire in the
mountains.

I'l.AI !■; I.XXXIII

(hi1.|i1-:N KAfiUOKl

MOUNTAIN KI.OWKRS

305

H.gnuitc, (11- Small Hawkwcal, has tiny yollmv (ir white
Hiiwers ixiinc at the cm! of the lon^;, slondcr, branching stems.
They resemble miniatme Danileliims and are very alnuiilant.
l.ike the Hawksheanls, the rays of the Hawkweeds are trun-
cate, <ir cut (iff si|uarely at the ends, and tinelv tiiDthed.

)asal, linear,
ads solitary,

LARGE-FLOWERED FALSE DANDELION

TtDxiiHO}! jihiitiitiu. Composite lamily

Stems : scape naked, slender, puliescent. Leaves : at]
lanceolale, crenulate, acuminate at the apex. Flowers: I
yellow : r.lys truncate, five-tootlied.

A flciner very like a real Dandelion, but with totally dif-
ferent foliage. The Kalse Dandelion may always be distin-
guished by its lonf;- rilibon-like leaves, which {{row up from
the base of the plant ani.1 ha\e slightly wasy margins.

T. aimmliacum, or C'opjier I-"alse Dandelion, has deep
orange or copper-coloured Howers, or very occasionally pur-
plish flowers.

COM

Tiinixaittiit offuiiiatc

DANDET ION

. li-.'iiiinii. Composite F.imily

Scapes and lea\ es from the crown of a thick vertical root. Leaves :
lanceolate in outline, and from irregularly dentate to "uncinate-pinnatitid.
Flowers: in solitary l-.eads at the summit of the liollow scapes; rays
numerous ; involucre a single series o( nearly ec|ual narrow bracts, and
several calyculate ones, the outer retlexed. all acute.

"Common" as this Dandelion is named, and common as
it is in all the mountain regions, yet it is far from being
an ugly or even an uninteresting pr.int. On the contrary,
its gorgeous golden blossoms ri-ndor it e^;tremely attractive.
These blossoms consist of from one to two htuidred strap-
shaped rays, their blunt tips notched into live teeth, which
remind us that enrh ray-ilo«er was once composed of five
petals. The leaves .ire boldly cut into jagged lobes (sup-
posed to resemble the teeth of a lion, hence the common

3o6

m;i.i.()u- ru ()k.\\(;k

name Uaiidcliciii, derived fnini tlic l''remh Dciit-iU-liou), ami
these lobes are again cut intci sccdiidary ixiints.

As the Uandeliun j;nnvs old the ravs fall off, and it bends
downwards until the seed matines ; then, elevating; its head
once more, it expands into a beaiitifvil, snow-white, air) seed-
hall, whose plumes blow away at the slightest puff and float
off to find a new resting-place,

T. nipcsti-e, or Al]iine Dandelion, is a tiny slender plant
with finely cut leaves and small flowers, which seldom grows
more than four or five inches high. I-"rom the lowlands to

the highest levels this.

•■ Dt-ar common Hower tliat ^rows beside tlic way,
Krin^ling the dusty road with harmless u'old,"

is to be found.

SOW THISTLE

Somhus tirvi-n^i.s. Composite Family

I'erennial by deep roots and creeping rootstocl<s. Stems: leafy below,
i>aniculately branched and nearly naked aljove. Leaves: lower and basal
runcinate-pinnatifid, spinulose-denlate. Flowers: heads several, corym-
bose-paniculate, bright yellow, very showy. Fruit: achenes oblong, com-
pressed, with about ten rugose lonf;iludinal ribs. Xot indigenou.s!

Kvcry tiaveller will easily recognize this common Sow
Thistle, with its yellow or yellowish flowers and its very
jirickly leaves. Sometimes it is called Milk Thistle, on
account (if the milky juices contained in the stems. Like
many of the meniljers of the great family of Composites, the
Sow Thistle has an in\olucre of green bracts, a flat naked
receptacle, and nimierous strap-sha])ed rays, which are trim-
cate and finely toothed. It is a coarse showv weed, and opens
its flowers early in the day. closing them again soon after
noon.

I

MOUNTAIN FI.()Ui;ks

3"<)

HARROW-LEAVED PUCCOON

l.ilhospeymum aiiginlijolium. lloragc 1-amily

Stem.; branched, cr-ct or asccnilinj;. Le.ve.: linear, sessile, acute.
Flow.ri.- of two kinds, in terminal leafy racemes; corolla of the earlier
ones salver-form, bright yellow, tive-lohed, the lobes erosc-dentii ulalc,
the throat crested ; later Mowers much smaller anil pale yellow, i leislo;;'
amous. abimdaiitly fertile, llu-ir pedicels recurved in fruit. Fruit : nutlet's
white, smooth, shininj;. ovoid, mc.re or less pitted, keeled on the inner side.
The l-'rcnt'h call this I'tucoon /'/<;«/,• aiix I'crhs, because iif
the hard stony seeds that mature in the tal)x, antl whicli,
thoti^h at first .soft ai-.d -reen, fjrackially become hard, wliite,
and shinin;,'. It is on aecotmt of these ntitlets that the plant
is named from the Greek lillios, '• a stone," and sperm, "a seed."
The flowers are a pretty lemon colour, the earlier ones being
of a much dee])cr shade ;ind larger in size than those which
appear later in the stimnier. They ^jrow in do.se leaf)- clusters,
and have a long, saher-forni, five -cleft corolla. The stems and
leaves are quite downy. This Puccoon gnjws in small tufts or
mats, from si.\ to ten inches high, and is usually found on the
dry open lands, where its

"Leaves and branches, crossed and linked,
Cling like children and embrace."

YELLOW BEARD-TONGUE

l\-itstt-mon t(in/i-i-liiK. Figwort Familv

Stems : slender. Leaves : lower ones lanceolate, attenuate below to
narrow petioles, mostly entire, the cauline sessile by a broad base.
Flowers: thyrsus spiriform, interrupted, dense, many-flowered clusters;
corolla very narrow, lower lip conspicuously bearded within.

The Yellow Beard-tongue grows high up on the mountains.
The flowers, which var) in hue from yellow to cream colour,
are set in several dense clusters rotmd about the stei'i, encir-
cling it at intervals. For further information regarding the

ige 243 in the 151

r'urple Section.

310

MJIxm lo OKANCK

YELLOW MONKEY-FLOWER

Mimii/iii /.,i„t^„/,:,/,,. iMKwcirt lamily

St.m.: ,rc-c.. L..v..:,.^;,t,■. v-.sil... .kiuicula.e. Plow.r.: terminal;
c,,ly.x ve„lr,co,t-c..m,)uiu.l.,l,.; ,,,.i.,ll.i lube cjlin.iric, its limh Wiahiat,-
t a. upper lip erect, lw,.-l„l,..,|, ,1,, l„w,rli|, spre.ulinK, three-lol)e,l. '
A small plant iK-aiiii- al>i).,niially htr-u i|iiaint (l..uvis
iMi-ht yi-ll,nv in r..|n,n an.l iiMiallv s|»,tt«l will, l„„«„,.h.'
icl insKli.- the tun.ll,, TlK. l,,«a- thico-, k'lt lip is heavily
I'L-ar.lctl within by :„i, riiu. hair^ ami s„ tinv arc the liuL-
i"iin.lish k-avcs, anil sn slim the short stcnis, that the lii-
l>n,;;ht l.l„ss„ms appear rather tnp-heavv lor s„ small a plant"
.Not aetually -rowin- in the waier, l,„t rather nn those low
"larshy islan.ls so frec|„entlv set in the tnid.lle of the alpin-
stieams, yo„ will finti m>ria,ls of these Yellow Monkev-How^-rs
■K'stlm^^ amid the mosses and ree.ls whieh spring; t,p' so K„n-
luntly between the stones by the river's brink.

YELLOW ORTHOCAHPUS

Urtllm.iif,,,, hilfiis. lijiwort Kamily
hne'JrT,;,^'"' ""■'■''""'''-' ^''"ve, densely leafy. L.av„ ..scen.lin,,

r;;;:::t;x;:";;;=;;;:;.:--,t-r -■-

An unmterestin,i;men,berof the nunterons Fiswort r'amilv

t ha. very ,lense, slender, ereet spikes, eovere.l with tinv

K-.nes .,n,l bra.'ts and n.nm-rous bri-ht yellow flowers These

flowers have a sm^le upper lip and a three-toothed loner lip.

I he Yellow Oithoearpus nsiiallv grows in dry soil

M<H MAIN li()UP;KS

YELLOW RATTLI

/K'/nmifir/tin iii.t/ii i; 111. Ki"«(

313

;l r.iniily

Stemi: »Kn<ler. Luvti : Line i-c.l.iie. »,„»ili., loarsrly «i-rran;-(leiiu(t-,
aiiitf. l,r;itl.s uvatf, inLisccl-iUnutf, llic iteih aiumiiiale, How«i : in
uiiiiiiul, unc-»iileil, It.ifj hratad »|)ik.s, ami soli.ary in I'lc uppi-r axiU;
lalu nuiili intlali'cl, con»|iiuinuslv iciny In (ruil ; ',.,rolla very irn-j;u-
l.ir, lwo-li|i|)Mi ; the ({alta cDnipresMil. arched, mii.mely tBo toothed
In-low ihf eriiiri.- apex, the lower lip ihree-lolied. spreading.

'Ihc nam.- Wlhiw Kattk- lias Ixvii -iv.n tn thi^ plant on
aicimnt of the way m wliuh 'lu- ii|>iiu(l M-rds. wlilih lie l,».^c
in llic lapsiilcs, lattk- vvhi-nrvei \\k wind shakes ihrni 1.1 anil
lio. It is a firm erect plant, lisiially Kiiwinf; Inini six to tcvi
iiicliL's hif;h, atid chietly cnnspiciiruis In reason of its inHatecl
Kreen flcwer-eiips and l)rif,'ht yellow blossoms, tlie lips of
whieh lrec|iiently are spotted with purple.

LARGE YELLOW LADY'S SLIPPER

<>/•''/'•■'''"""/*'"'''"'■'". I Ire hid Kainily

Stems: leafy. Leaves: oval or elliptic, ai ule. Flowers: sc-pals ovate-
lanceolate, lon;;er than the lip, yelloivisli-i;r.-in striped with purple;
petals very narrow and twisted, lip much inrtaied, hriu'lit yellow witli
Krecnish-purple lines, a tuft of while jointed liairs at the top of tlie
interior : .stamen sterile, trianjiular ; sti^'ina thick, incurved.

In the dry siin-warmed fcjrests, where the birds trill their
sweet antiphons and the smooth siirfaee of the pools refleets
with steadfast trvith the eone-laden branches ot ti;- and pine
and the fleecy eloiids that float aifoss ihe a/iiie skv, - there,
iinalraid, rejoiciii<r in its weird, almost unearthly beauty, the
Larjje Yellow Lady's .Slipper flaunts its gaudy flowers.

At the first si^'ht of these- e\(|uisite cnehids, which also
KHiw- on the open arid tiioraines close to the immense gla-
ciers, you c-atch your biea.h, and a thrill runs thn)u,!,'h all
your veins: there thev stancl, !'oldc.-n-brii*f surrc.u.rch-cl b- ->

■ (

halo of

romanc-e and mystery.

3"4

MCl.l.OW lO OKANCIC

'IhLic ij, li'ilc iK-nl M (Icsnihc this CyfrifcMiim. fur its
sh..uv iiiHatud sac. M:iiii<,,,l 1„ lonj; spiral petals ami puiplish-
.ua-uii sepals, distinguishes it at once, even to the unpractised
eye. The leax-es uf the Large Yellow l.ad> 's Slipper -row
alternately on the slender hairy stems, and are larj;e, lon--
sha]K-d, pointed, many-nerved, and plaited. Ihe name C\fi'-
pa/iiim is derived IVom the Creek, and means Venus's sock
or huskin.

C. parvi/hniifi. or Small Yellow Lady's Slipper, much
resemhles the prccedin- species, hut may be easih distiii-
j;uished by means ol its smaller flowers, the inflated' sacs ,.f
which are of a much deeper, richer shade of yellow, and are
o> en marked with rcxklish-purple spots and lines, and also by
i;s ukler oval-sha])ed leaves and thicker stems.

In July, that e\i|u-site month wliich lies within the verv
licart of summer, sh.nild y,,u wander amid the mountains when
dawn trumpets forth the Klitterin- ri.se of day, then pause
beside s.ime slu-«ish alpine stream, which lonely lies coiled
in slce|,y curves, for there, far removed from the haunts of
men. you niay be fortunate enouj,di to find the fraijiant little
Cjfripii/iiiiii fitrvijlonnii.

Unlike the Larj^e species, this Small Yellow Lady's Slipper
always seeks the .seclusion of the hazv hollows and the moist
misty woods. Ri-htl\' have these lovel> sweet-scented flowers
been proclaimed

■■ ( iolden slipptrs meet fnr fairies' fctl."

PHILADELPHIA LILY

fJliiiin PhiLulelpkiaiin. \\\\ Family

Mull) ,(.mp„sc.i o( n.irrow, joinled, fitshv scalus. stems tall Icifv
L«vm: lanceolate, acute at both ends, all verticillate, tlie mar.'ins
finely roughened. Flower,: erect : perianth recldishoranse. of six .spread-
ing segments, each one gradually narrowed into a claw, purple-spotted
below. ^

MOLNTAIN- FI,OV\i;KS

in

Lilies -niv; ,n many climes and are of divers hues W hitc
and >ell„w, urange and red, tall and stately, they H„urish cm-
spicu„usly in the valleys and on the mountain tops, heneath
blazms tropical suns and close beside the eternal snows

The l'h,!a<lelphia I.ily is one of the handsomest of the
alpine fi,.,vors, and early in July its re<l-tinted tauny bells render
the wocKls attractively gay. As if conscious of their ;,Iory the
laige bright oiossoms grow erect on tall stems, round which
circling clusters of <lark green narrow-pointed leav-es are set
at intervals ; the outer surface of ,I,e segments is pale orange
while the open bells arc of a vivid re.l.lish hue within and
sp<.tted with purplish-brown. Large anthers crown the si.
long stamens, and the stigma is thrce-lobed.

This Lily docs not fear the drought of long summer davs
but grows ,n stately splendour in the driest thickets It lias
assumed a gorgeous garb of flaming orange in order to attract
those nvsccts that polleni.e its flowers; for while the brilliant
colour quickly attracts the bees. ,I,c purplish spots and lines
unerrmgly point out to them the most direct route to their
desird goal, namely, those nectar grooves which lie at the
base of each segment.

Truly was it said that "even Sol.mvm in all his glory was
not arrayed like one of these "; for the v.ild orange-red Phila-
clelphia allies shine with a beauty unequalled in the alpine
forests. '

WESTERN LILY

Li/ium Coltiinlnumim. Lily Family

Bulh, with lanceolate, acute, closely oppressed .scile.v stem,, slender
L..v«: m whorls, scattered above and below, narrowly lanceolate

stout pedicels, su segments of the perianti, reyolute.

This Western Lily somewhat resembles the Turk's-cap I i^-
for Its head is drooped and its floral leaves are revolute. or

lif vi:i i"'v TO oran(;k

■■'.Hal backwards, beinK brifih. <,rr,nKe in col„ur and thickly
spotted with purpk- ,m the inside. It has six very long sta-
mens, wh.ch terminate in large, oblong, yellow anthers ; the
segments of the perianth are not chiwed, as in the Phila-
delphia Lily, but are joined together at the base, formin- a
perfect bell.

As in all the species of /.,//„,„, the bulb consists of a large
number of overlapping scales, which are merely thickened
imdeveloped leaves, serx'ing as storehouses for the starchy
wealth of the plant. Any one of the.se scales, if separated
trom the ma,ss, will develop into a tiny bulb

Very radiant arc these clustered Western Lihes, which
burn l,ke torches in the green alpine meadows at
■• The time when lilie.s blow,
And clouds are hi!.;hest in the air."

YELLOW ADDER'S TONGDE

ErylhroiiiKm giganhuiii. I.ily f'amily

e;t.m.: scape .stout. L..,„: broadly lanceolate, acute, pale green
Plowr.: one to several in a terminal raceme, perianth bro,ldly (unteb
form, of .,„ d.stmct segments : outer ones lanceolate, obtuse . inner o^es

roXe,'"' ""'"""'" '"'" '"" "°"' ''■"""'^ '""" "' '«^'=' ^'1 «™"Sly
A lovely yellow flower, freqiientlv called •■ Snow I ijy "
from the fact mat it grows in such cl<«e pro.ximity to the
great alpme «,v,x "Dog-tooth Violet '■ is vet anothe name
tor this plant, and refers more particularly to the white bulb
which IS supposed to resemble the canine teeth of a do-
Adder's Tongue probably refers to the pointed anUiers
which are si., in number and e.vtremelv conspicuous ; but
•■Snow I.ily" is by far the more appr<,priate designation for
a blossom which appears ,, ,he edge of the avalanches an.l
follows the retreating lin, he snow when the warm sprin.^

stmshine melts the grea. . .e mas.ses in the valleys a„c^

s s the flowers free. A, high altitudes y,n, „-i„ „fte„ see
mtmbers of ,„ e green pointed leaves forcing their way t,p
hrottgh the soft covering, and ntyria.Is of bright yellow bios'

nstals^ I.r„m between two or three of these large leaves
(somewhat hke tl, of the I.ilyof.the.Vallev) springs the
s ender stalk which terminates in a single bt,d. or occasion'
all) ma small raceme of drooping golden bells. .S„„n the
s... pomted segments of the perianth unfold and expand
gradually rolhng backwartls until they become con.pletely
recurved, leavmg the whole length of the stamens e.vposed
These segments, or floral leaves, are an e.xc,uisite shide of
V-llow, .softening to cream colour at the ba.se in the centre
The style bears at its summit a deeply three-cleft stigma'
each division thereof being also recurved '

Great colonies of Yellow Adder's Tongues grow in the
mountains, w^here their faint fragrance .scents the air with a
clulicious perfume. Late at evening, when beneath the star-
sown purp e of the sky you return from making some alpine
ascent, the pure flames of these wild Lilies gleam in their
eafy setting with a pale golden light, and illuminate the green
brmk of your path ; and when the noonday is glorified, and
the flag of the sun floats top-masted in the skies, then
" Vou see gems in jellow
NoddinR, eacli one. to his fellow.
Strewing M the country lanes
With divinely l)uililc<l fane.s.
Where the benisons are breathed bu. never .spoken."

(M

MOUNTAIN WILD FLOWKRS
OF CANADA

Skction V
FLOWERING SHRUBS

SlXTION Y

FL()\VHR1\(; SlllUHS

RED BANEBERRY

.l,/,r,r </i„„/„ nir. ,ti!;iil,i. e'roivfoin I'.imily

Stem. : out l„ six Ict-t lii^h lioin a fasiu k- (.f sl.ort hraiuliing roots.
Leaves: ternati-, tht divisions pinnate, vviii, il,c lower ultimate leattels
sometimes aijain compound, ovate, sometimes ol)seurelv tlirce-lolied.
tootlied. Flowers: in oWonKttrminal racemes, sometimes divided toward.s
the l>ase. loose; j.etals ol.long, obtuse. Fruit: berries red. oval, manv-
seeded.

The Kcil Kancberry is .t |)crunnial herb, not :i shrub; btit
since it fjrows t(, the heij;ht cif six feet, and is a verv lar^e
bushy plant, it has been placed in this Section fur jjreater
ciinvenience. The f(ili.aj;e is abtmdant and coarsely veined,
and the tiny Hmvers, which fjrow in oblon;,', close-set,' terminal
racemes, are feathery and delicate in appearance. This plant
usually flourishes in the dense forest glades, where the dainty
white blossoms and clusters of bright red berries adorning
its slender stalks render it both attractive and conspicuou.s.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN GRAPE

Birbt-ri.^ rcpt-)n. liarberry t'.,niily

A low Klabious sliruli. Leaves; petioled, pinnate, the leaHets three to
seven, ovate, obtuse, Iruncali ,it the base, .sessile, thick, finelv reticulated,
rientate with spine-beariiii; n.;h Flowers: in short racemes^ the clusters
terminal and a.xillary, uiany-tloweretl, yellow. Fruit: a Rlobose dark blue
berr\

o-l

M.(n\i.i<i.\(, >iiKi Its

Thj-, >liruh. wlijih i-^ i.'\ic'cilin,:;i\ <n'n.iim'iU.;I. li.is \i,'llow
uihhI ;iiui hn.;lit .-ri.\-n tn|i:i;;v. whiih turn-, to a ln\i.-h n-dtlish
lulour ill \hc LUiluniTi. TIk- tiin \i\itl \ill,)\v tlnwct^ 'j,r<>\\ in
vlmrt ihiik i.lusU-r-.: llu'\ luivr -■i\ hi.u inl >0|)als, with six
petals i)|t|Ki>iic tliciii, .:!>" >i\ stamens.

CHOKE CHERRY

Pmnii'i \ 'ii^i:'

iii/hi. Uosf l'';ir
HI verv rait'lv ;

ilv

A shrul) two to tfii I'lH'l iii;;ii. ni very rait-ly a -ni.ill itli.'. with gray
h.irk. Leaves : lliiii. oliov.ite, at>riij)tl\ .iLUtc, niiimit'd at tin- liase.
sliarply serrulate willi ^leluic^ tLftli. FLwers' wliite. in erect or sjjrta'l-
iiig. mainly loohch' Howertil raLt-nies t< miiti.itiny tlic leafy lirantiies til
tlif season; La!y\ li\i:-Llf ft : lornlla nf live su!)orl)itul.ir spreading;
]K't.iIs. Fruit; a dark rcil (lni|n.'. ;,lol)nM', very astrinyt-nt, stone i;lobular.

This tall shrub, nr Irtv, huai^ alxindant white blossoms,
whii'h ^row in l-m,!;' graceful lacemcs amid the dark ^'reen
Ilmvl-s. 'I'Iksc k-aves arc broadly o\al in outbne and finely
edi^etl with nunienuis tinv sliarp teeth, II is in this hitter
eharaeterislie that the Pnnins diller^ nialeriallv Irom Ami-
lanchii-y alnifoha, or Serviee-beiTV. with whiih it is some-
limes confusetl 'I'he Ser\ iee-beriy has smaller roundish
leaves, edited above the middle with marked leelh, and its
blossoms are larijer m\({ lewer in number

The Choke Cherry ;;row^ Irom looo to 3000 feet above sea
le\"el, and tlie jn'olu>inn nt its snow\- swcet-scented flower-
clusters, which are followed in due course bv the dark red
semi-transparent I'ruil, renders ii a ;;reat ornament to the
alpine mountain sides, Tliis fruit is edible, but \erv astrin-
ij,"enl, an<i contains a tin\' round stone.

I'lATK I. WWII

I'l \ ; I I WW III

MOINTAIN FI.()UI:rs

GOAT'S BEAKD

Spinrn Amiiiii^. Rose Kaniilv

Stem.: erect, bracte.1. 1..,,.; long-peliok-d, |)innate, Ihree-to-seven
foholate ; leaHets ovate, lanceolate, thin, acute at tlie apex, rounded at
the liase, sliarply doubly serrate. Flow.r.: in lon^. slender, panickii
spikes, erect or spreadhij;.

This is another tail, shriib-like, perennial herb, placed in this
Sectii.n for greater c(.nvenieme. It is quite unmistakable, as
it Ki-ows fr,,m three to ten feet hi^h in the rich soil of the wet
valleys, and bears numerous Ion;; showy |)kimes of closely
clustered, minute, creamy dowers rising above its masses of
Ui.viiriant stronfjly veined foliage. Thus the Goafs Beard is
both decorative am! conspicuous. The tiny flowers are formed
of a Hve-lobed caly.\ and Hve petals, and the seeds are very
small and shininj;.

SAIMON-BERRY

Riihiis .\ulkiiHus. Rose Family

Erect, branched, very slightly bristlv . Le.ves : ])etioled, simple, cordate
at the base, tliree-to-rlve lolled, the lobes acute, the middle one slightly
longer than the others, all coarsely anil uneipially serrate. Flower. : white,
few, corymbose, terminal ; calyx-lobes tipped with a lonj; slender appen-
dage. Fruit : depressed-hemispheric, edible, red when ri|)e.

The live snow-white crinkled ])etals of the Sajmon-berrv
look very frail anil pretty when .seen amid the dense coarse
foliage of this large bushy sh -.ib. The flower is formed like
a miniature white rose, and has ntimerous tiny stamens .set
around the convex receptacle in which are inserleil the carpels
that iiltimatcl\ ripen into drupelets and form an aggregate
red fruit.

The .Salnion-beny grows abunilantiv in the

■■ Hijih-wooded hollows, where sercn.K rest
The lazy cloutls. like ^.dants in repose."

M<i\M:kiN(; Slim lis

SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL

i;il,-iilitUt I'riili:,

kosc I'iiiiiilv

Stems: croi-t ,.r .isci-i,,!!,,:;. „„„.|, l,r;i,l.-lR.d. vcrv Ic.ifv, the I. irk
slire.ldv. Leave.: pinnate ; k-.trtels :u.. .„ seven, ol,i„„K, aVute at each
end, sdkypu .eseent, tile margins revclute. Flower.: terminal, denselv
eymose „r s.,li,ary. I.riudu yelluw : petals tive, nearlv orl.irnlar in „, :.
ln,e. e«eedni- ll,e live „v:,te ,-al,vvd,.l)es and tive hravtlets.

In July ;i-i,l Aii-iist ilu' lin Miniiv al|.iiK- incu.liiv.s arc
ivmlerc.l t;;,y by these- lowly bright vvlLuv C-ine|iicfnils wbirb
resemble- hir-;e h„iieroi|.s an,! -rmv m, l„w b„sh^ shrubs
atni.l mueh silver, ^a-e, e,,m|>„.e,l „l i,nv e„u,|„„mci leaves
tovere<l .v,ib a soft silk, dnvvn. The bark „n titc sientler
slems Is e.Mieniely slire-dilv

PRICKLY ROSE

R.'iil ,1. /, /,/,rji,. Rose Family

Stem,: ilensely pri, kly. Leave,: pinnate: l.aHets larRe, live to seven
ovaManceolal,-, e„arsely t ,„tl,ed. Plower. : -olitarv ; petals pink, bn.adiv
o„ovale: .sepals enure, aeu;.,inate. persi-.tent and ereet upon the fmi;
Fruit: illnbdse. jilabrous.

The bush o„ whirl, this Rose ^rous is abnu, three feel
hi;th and bears Invelv. h-a-raut. p.tle |.,„k M.nvers, The leaves
are la,--, an.l ver^ ,lark ;;, -en, and the stems are e„vered
vvith many tiny, ,„,e, strai,-hl |,ri,kles. .\1| the wild K„ses
<lis|>lay a prelerenee b,r the number hve, liavin- (ive petals
an: I live sepals.

N-u ll-wer i„ the world has been so lamous m poetry and
son,;;- as the Rose, Its beauty ,u,d lr.,:,r.in,e have wonh.r ,1
an honoure.l pl.tee in the ann.tls o, history, i„ elassie lore,
and in lb- ^lowini; pa.i;es of roiuauie.

Surely not. \or , :ui «e a-ree with Juilel when slu- s.ivs :
-Hut «l,i,h «,. ,,d! ., n„e

I'l.AI !■; I.WMX

I'l.Aii; \c

M(H MAIN KI.OUKKS

For tci lis the Rose symboli/us those things vvhiih :ire tender
unci exquisite in life, and the sweet wild dweller in the forest
is the fairest flower uf them :dl

■■ If June were mine. I 'il weave for you —
Of roses n-i\ and skies oi Idue,

Of (jolden sun .iiirt orchard sheiMi,

Of blossom-fretted damascenv —
A veil of every petal-hue.

" .And from the mornint; mists of dew
Distil a fairy stream, that ihrouj^jh
The wooils should wend a w.iy serene,
If June were mine.

" -And. ere the purple dusk anew

The curtains of the sunset drew,

-Adown the river's dream demesne,

I 'd paint a path incarnadine.

And drift into the dawn with vou.

If June were ndne."

A". Maconnii, or Macoiin's Rose, is another species which
grows .imonfj the mountains. Note that it has small leaves,
anil that on its stems j,'row a lew lar^e, widely separated^
hooked thorns. Otherwise it resembles K. ackularis.xwS the
flowers of the two bushes are almost identically alike. When

■' The last rose of summer,
Left hlwiminj; alone."

hangs cm the bush stirroundcd by the fallen petals of her
companions, then

■■ Scarlei berries tell where liloomed tlie sweet wild rose."

and Nature spreads a feast ,.f npe red truit l.u the birds of
the air.

V',6

ii.oui:ki.\(; shrihs

I cannot refrain Inim closin}; this brief munlion cif the ki.sc
with a qiiDtatidn from a poem l)y Isabella V'alancy Crawford,
the sweetest singer of son^s Canada ever knew :

' Tile rose was given to M;im for this :
He, siidclcii sceiiijj it in later vears.
Should swift ifmcmher Love's first liiij^cring kis
And (.riefs last lingering tears.

•Or, boirij; blind, .nliould feel itsyeaniini; .sc.id
Knit all its piercinj; perfume round his own,
Till lie should .see on .Memorv's ample scroll
All roses lie had known."

WESTERN MOUNTAIN ASH

/y^v.M ',ni;f'it,i/t'lifi. Rose F'ainilv

Lpavea: alternate, pinnate ; leartets seven to fifteen, lanceolate, short
iioiiued at the ape.v. sharply .serrate. Rlahrous and dark green al.ove. p.ile
and more or less puheseent Leneaih. Flower.: white, in termin d com-
pound cymes; calyx-tube urn shaped, In-e-Iobed. not br.acteolate ; petals
five, sfireadinc, short-clawed. Fruit : a small, red, lierry-!ike pome, liittcr.
This is the Rowan Tree of the mountain re^'ions, and a
handsome shrub or tree it is, sometimes attaining' a height
of twenty IVc-t, but usually tjrowinf,' onh iroin si > to fifteen
feet lii<,di.

The leaves are dark i;ieen on the lop and a nisirh paler luic
hvm'.itli The Houer-biids are a delicate sliade of i leamy pinli,
anri turn white wiien they e.vpand in the stinsiime, the wide-
open bh.ssoni-. having a daikened appearance in their centres,
ca.ised by the numerous stamens. This shrub is found at
Kieal ahitutles, srouiiif; close to the edj,'e of penKtual snow
ai.d bearing ,|uanii!ies of splendid foliage and husje clustered
cymes of .,ofi.tinied flowers, which ditft.se an e.Mreniely
punyen! odour

MOIMAIN H.OWKkS

337

The Kciwari Tree is lanieil in verse ami legend, Inil surely
nil tenderer pnem was ever penned In its hcinmir than the
old Immortal snnj; :

■• O Kowjn trt-f ! 0 Kowan tree : tliciu 'It aye be dear to me :
Kntwined thou art wi' mony ties o" liame and iiifaney.
Thy leaves were aye the fitst o' spring, thy Mowers the simmer's pride;
There was iiae sir a Iwiinie tree in a' the countrie side,
(3 Kowan tree !

" How fair wcrt tliou in simmer time, wi* ,r tliv clusters wliite !
How rith and };ay tliy autumn dress, wi' berries red and bright I
We sat aneath tliy spreading shade : the bairnies round thee ran ;
They pu'd tliy bonnie berries re<l, and necklaces they Strang,
() Kowan tree ! "

SERVICE-BERRY

AineliiitLhii'r iihiiloliit. Kose Family

A shrub three to six feet hif;li, more or li ss lomcnlose pid>escent wlion
younj;, at leUKth glabrate throu(;hout and somewhat glaucous. Leavei :
thick, broadly elliptic or orbic 'ar. very obtuse, and often Irunc.ite at the
apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, coarsely dentate above the niitl-
die. Flowers : white, in short racemes, rather dense ; petals live, obtan-
ceolate, cuneate. Fruit: a globose pome, purple with a bloom, sweet.

This is the Imv pearly-fltmered shrub which j,'r(nvs im the
sandy banks ami flats, and which the Indians call Sashitovii,
for Its sweet pvirple berries form a staple article of food uith
them diirin.if the tiionlhs of Jidy and Auffiist. It somewhat
resembles the Choke Cherry, but its f,'rcenish-white blossoms
are larfier and have lonf; narrow petals ; also its leave.', are
inal, with Hatlened ends, and arc very coarsely toothed above
the middle, whereas those of the Choke Cherry are oblonj,',
pointed, and linely toothed all round the edf^cs. The biirk of
the little branches of the Service-berry is reddish, and the
yotrn}; leaves are cpiitc pale and downy underneath.

3.VS

Houkkim; MiKt KS

BRISTLY GOOSEBERRY

Kil'fs i,l,i,uiii. .s.ixilr.iL;r I .iniilv

linstk-., u,u,il.v numerous. sc.uut.cI, u.v... sl,:,„l.r-|„ ,i,.k-,i l„„„ik'
ovau- m ou.lMu- ,iv...|ol,ed, .hv l„l« i.u ,«d.,le„..„.. f W. : ,,r«ui,
wlnt.-. calyx-.uU- cylimiric, loUK.r ,l,a„ ll,,.. „l,l„„. 1„|„,. sun,- s ,
.x«.r,ed F,u..: .. ,.lul,o>. pur„l. berry, ,,ul,.y. .he calyx 'per'^isten. ,„
.is sunimil, spannKly bristly ur often Rlahr,.,,,. '

The ht.sh „„ which this Hristly GMosctxTrv gr„»s is tuim.l

m th. shady «o,kIs, and attains an avoraKc' hd^ht „l thrt-.

lee. Ih,. flowers arc (jreenish-white and verv insignificant

ai»l the lr„it consists of a small |„,r|,le |n,l,,y ixTry, which is

sweet to the taste.

Ki/;:

RED CURRANT

ruhnim. .Saxifrajje Family

cori T ;, 1'"" >;"'^«-«'''>' l>c..ea.h. orbieular. three-to-tive lolurl,

Kreen.sl, ,o |„„p|,sh racemes. pe„,i„l„u.,. looselv H„wered ; cak, tic,
cami.anulale: stamens short. Fruit r red. Klal.roui.

This is the uild eocnterpart of ,„„■ .,, :ivated (iarden Ccr.
nmt^ In the shadowy depths of the mountain fore.sts the
pendetit ta.sscis of tiny greenish or pt,r,.!ish flowers are seldom
noticed and the small red frnit is not at all ,«la.:d,le. heins
extremely acid and possessing a w.hkI) Ha^oiir.

DEVIL'S CLUB

Fatiia horrUa. ditiseii" K.uii '

Stems: .stout, two to twelve feet hiKh.decumhenl.l 'he base l.-ch „
.esumnm very prickly throughout. L...... „alm,„ek kMed. 'ptow.r.-

. - ^ree„,sl,-„h,te capitate umbels in a lnn« dense ra.enn : cakxTIth
obsoM.. ^ petals five, valvat. in the bud : stamens five, alternate wU
peUls: filaments rdilurm. Fruit: drup.iceous.

I'l.MK XCI

MFCBOCOTT >ESOLUTION TEST CH*IIT

(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No, 2)

_J -^PPL.IED IM/IGE In

^^^- 165 J East Mom Streel

='-S Rocneatir. Ne» York 1*609 UM

•.ag; (716) *82 - 0300 - Phons

^S ("fil 288 - 5989 - Fq,

v\ \n: xcii

MDIMAIN lil)\M:i<s

ol.i

A t.ill shrill) i..ii^i>iin- nf a >in-|i. ^i,,,,, ^t^,„, ,.,,,^^.|-,,,| „|,|,
I.'iil;- >haip >|,inr>, uhirh aiv c\Iiviih-|v ; :,i>,,ii,,us It usually
K)"tts about i\ ni- ci-ht Irrt llii^h. a lias hu,m- paluMik'c
K'avcs, whi.h arr aKo inuLlv. Tli,- ri..wi-i-s j;inu j„ a ikaisc
lillslia- at the tci|, the stem, and in timr tuili iut.i lirij;lit
rc(i hrii'io

'I'his plan! sh.inlil hv tairl'ully avniiKil in the Inifsts, It
lia> hern ri-litl\ iianicd ■•l).-\irs Clui)," mihl- n.. ImnKui
Ix-inn" may tmuh it with ini|iunit\.

RED-STEMMED DOGWOOD

C'liins ,f,r/,„„y,.,„. |)i,^,„.„„il Kaniijv

Stems: red. Leaves: sltiKkT-pttioli-il. mall-, ncumhiate at llu- api-x,
roimdeiUt tin- base, clitir,'. Flowers: in lymi'.s. tlat-t(>|>|H-ii ; pttals white.
Fruit : globose, blue.

.■\ handsome shrub, with brij^bt ivd stems and numerous
tlat-to])ped i-iusters of pretty little .uTeenish-while Howvrs,
whieh have a very fragrant odoin-. The Western Indians eall
It Kiiimkiuuic. and ihw and use the inner bark in place of
tobacco; while the bait-breeds of tlie plains call it H„ivu^e,
sijC'iLfyinj;- "a red switch."

RED-BERRIED ELDER

SainhitiU^ !<i, <'n!ox<i. I inne\ mil kle I'ainilv

Stems: woody. Leaves: piniliUvly rompoimd : leallet.s lanceolate, acu-
minate at the apex, .sharply serrate. Flowers: in lliyrsoid i \ me.s. wliite
to yellowish. Fruit : small, .scarlet.

This sbrub, which yrows from ten t" Ibirtv feet Iiijjh and
has spreading,' branches and ample foliaov, is wideh distributed
"ver the continent. In fields ami h)rcsts, \k liic roadsiilcs
and in nejsflected gardens, you will find it sprin,i;in;,' up and
thriving,' with undaunted hardihood amid the must ijarren stir-
r(.nndin,i;s. It also throws at many elevations, being seen in

:i44

MOWI K|\(, MiKi |,s

'l"^">litH-s ,,. .I,,..,..,, l,,,|.„„l „!., ,l„u,„n„„ al„„„l.,„tU „
■'" .illilu.lc ol (,ooo aii.l ;i,<H, Iwl. T|,,' lir.urs ,„.■ ,livi,l,-,l

'■«■ „, ,|,,n^aK-,l .luslci> at the r,„l, ,,| ilu- iiianUu-^ The

Iriiil In a hii-lil srarl.

t iliii|H-. uiih a |.im,i;cm a. id llav.a

-l"M,na„,lvaN ,h. |.,v> .,hnj, s|kvk-s m its muvLs, o,t.-,|
''"^'■' ''"^''■'"■"'"'■""•"" .M'.il.l> a,„lihHk,.t Th,-rn,n as
•''•:"^""'- ''•■"""■-'-' n,hhh„.hhuk,„l„„ra„,i vm juKv
I' '- ""I,. Ihis.hnihlhat l-:i,lrrhm\ wine is made '

ARROW-WOOU

r,7-,,r;,„,„ /,„„.„/„,„.■ I ,,,„,.y,. |,^,„„|^

"• '■";""■■■ "';"-lv ..n,l un,.,aalk .l.n,.,,.. j;lah,„us ,,l„nv. „„m. „r
s. ...,,„, P,„.„.u.Mu..ia, „„„„„„„,..._..,„„: J

;";;;;;'"■ """"'"■•""I''"'"'"'- ""-■-i-i. f™,,: ,ini,H.s,i, sJhn:;!,,

l-'ni,;, mam small ehisteis „l ,i,n white and |,mk,.h ll.,„ei-s
;;-- -ll-hai-.l -,-„llas are diuded mt,. hve l„l,es ahovj
•"■ 'I'l'l'll^.' and are |.,ii„ted an,l mai-seh tn„ihed.

SNOW-BERRY

Sn„M,., :.„;,.. ,„„,„,„„, :„„/,,„„, „,.,„^ ll,„K^s,„fcle Faniilv

When in fl.nver this l„w spreadin,- shnih hears i,s . mall
"■l>"i' ".- I.lnkish hells in tinv elnsiers at the ends „|- ,he
"''"|-.-""s npn^n h,-anehes. an.l als,, .m^Iv in the upper axils
""he leaves, ^Mvn in fmit the pivttv, white, waxen hemes

I'l Al i \( III

\7 -» .

I'l \l . \( l\

\I l'-l>!KKII.I) Ij.hl.K

MOINTMN II()\M;K^

jl'i

rcmlcr the Symfliorictiifii'. hn'i ...n-piMiuns .nul .itii.uinr
These iKTrk's m. n\.il m ih,- r.iiiv -t.i-c> i.l .li.'vil"|iiiKMit,
when with ihcir Mi..rt\ un^lii ili,\ IkihI ih.wn Ihu iIi'mI,!,-
Iininchc^, \\m\ heionie tininil.il.it ni.iluiin I |i,\ ..ml.iiii tun
liniwn l)i>ny seeds, enihediied ni the .^i.mul.n n-Unlar \.'\\\,
■|he dark niren leaves aie Iii.M.lli nval ni shape and lune
siniHith niai;.;ins,

I he Snou herrv is lle(|uelitl\ u ,, Hated ni yaulens as an
ninainL'ntal shrub.

INVOLUCRED FLY-HONEYSUCKLE

Leaves: ()\;Uc or o\.il, lk titc cir .iiuniin.ilc .U tile .l|»c.\. iiarrowt;(i .it
tile hast; pedimrlcs axill.iry I hr.icts foliari-ims. ov.itc ; hrattlets also
iarjju, al length siirriHiiulin),' tlic fruit. Flowera : in pairs, yi-lliiw ; coriilla
piiiiiscfnt. funiul-fiirm. the limh fivc-lcihcd. ihi- lohcs short, little .iprcul-
inj; ; stanuiis am! style .slightly i-,\serteil. Fruit i herrie.s nearly blaek.

This is line nl the small-Howered I loneysui kles whieh f,'rinv
ill the lorni i.l .1 Inishy shruh. It bears yellmv fiinnel-biriii
twin liliissimis, termiiiatin;; the Iim^ slender peduncles whic h
sprinf,'friim thi isii .iftl e leaves. These Irlo.ssnms are e(ins|>ie.
iiiHisly invohu I I h.nce 'le eumnicm name) bv kirfjc liniad
leaf-like bracts, >riich j^ie- in the flimerin^' season and

turn a warm reddish mr in .iiitumn, when surmundinK

•n^ pri.triir.- slightly beyond the
h e\ erted, and is tipped by a

the fruit. The Im
ciiriilla, but the stvli
hir;;e anther

The i-'i\ -!fiine\su. 1
tun til si.\ feet \\\'^u ,
hairy niarfjins, and whei
joined tofjether in pair^
attract the traveller's intere:
son of its rich lu.\uriant -i
and the hemes t|iiite dark n

a.;;-lin;4- sliiub, fjrowinf; from

lis are lon;;-sii;iped and have

11 "hi." reddisii hhu k berries are

ii ■ a iilant that is likelv to

r 11 .- nolii cable onlv in rea-

'"■ \"ers arc small

NCIUI KIM, M||.| 1,^

BUSH FLY HONEYSUCKIE

Imi,..,„ r,„i,.„„.. ll„nv>M„|,|,. I „,i|j.

..^.nr:;;:'';:i:;:-;:--::;::,,'::;:;;::;;:;;^^';:;r ;-;

;:::;,iri;,:;:;';x;,:::;;' ->'-- -■-:-::;!::

III I-- iii-.iiK hill- .111,1 M n
l'i';;lil ;;M-rii ;in.| i,.i\r (v.uv mii..,,i1i

i»^ In.Mi ilii.v I,, lUv kvi |,i;,i,
■■".l.-M-.„„liiii,-.i,i,l,,,, I,,,,,,, Til,. !,,,„,.,,,, „|,|„„_„„;

~;ins, Tlir |,,i|r \v\

'"" """7^' "'"■-■ ■"'■■II- •"■'■ 'I'H H,,:, ,w„ , „„„: ,„

''■"" ""^ >l''"'l.-l |-lu,l,l..s„ ,|„.,,,,K„| ,|K-I.:,v.s

"'."•V"'"'' '"■";■'■'■'"> "■'■""I- l"V"lu,.,v,l M^.||,.nevsi,'klc,

^ U|K.,I I,,.,,-,,, „|,,|, ,,,,,,, ,,^.,,,. ,_.,,, _,^,^,_ _^^_|_^^^^_^^_-

"I a I,n,-lx inni.ln.viit -..arlc-t i.^l,,,,,-, -

••l-ik.-.M:„ul,k.,|i,rn. ,,,,„i„^, ,„,„^,|.,

BLUEBERRY

i:i..»i<»m..r„/,„.l,,„„. Il,„.k|,|„|-r.v F.imilv
I.e.v„. .,l„, „,„... „v,,l,sl,™,-,„„„,,,,, ,|,,,„„„„„ |,„„, ^.|^,^

l>,,tliiii,ls ,,r MiiiU'Mli.ii narr,iM,,l n ,1... i , :.

"■Iiili- ami pink.

' ':"":,:;;"ir '""":"'';" '""">"■'' ■" "- 1--- .i.i":'.ni;r.. f,.

^l."UM. „„. p,„„, , m.,„y-..e„k.,i hl.ic- l,.rry will, a hl,>„„,. acid

ll»T^ .'.,• ,„ liic ,n„untain r,.,:i„ns many s,«ii;s „f /^

"■""■'' ""'■■"■"■I—" I'l >' an, I I „,...,■„,,„„,„, „,„„„,,

l>u,K. ,,,.,,, ,,,i,e,Mv.v,a,„l|,l..asa„,„,,h,u,„,,

1 cHhK.he,n is a hni,,,!,,,,. .,,,,,,,, ,,,,i„^f,.,,,,, ,,,
tu. fee. hi,,l,, an,l i,as sn,..,„l, ,„,■,. „,„ ,,^ ,,,., ,^, ^„,,

I'l \l I \1 \

pi.ah: xcx I

WooM ^ I.m;km,,,h '

MOl NIAIN KLOUKKS

at the jnmts. The leaves are ,.val, green alx.ve and e.nerecl
with a «hit.sl, bl.Kim beneath, llie small pink and white
fluH-ers are fcirmed like tiny tcmthetl bells, and t,Tow sinfih at
the ends of the slender recurved stalks, which causes them u,
dr.K)]) downwards. The berries al.so are pendent.

/: w-mfirammim. or HIack \-accinium, is not so tall as the
lirecechn- species, seldom attaining a height of six feet The
leaves arc larger than those of the Mneberrv, and are green
on both sides and finely edged with very tinv teetl, The
flowers are globular, and from their rounded c..n.llas the Ion-
style i.rotrudes. The recurved a.Mllary stalks, which bear the
blossoms, become upright in fruit an.l thus hold erect the
large, sweet, purple-black berries, which haNe no blcx,m

WOOLLY LABRADOR TEA

/.<•«■«/// latijhlhim. Heath Family

Sterna, erect or ascendins, the l.ractlets rustv-tomentose Lems-
oblong obtuse, green and slightly rugo.se above, densely .„nK,n"e
b neath, the wool soon ferruginous, and the .nargins s.ron giv re™ u e
Flower,: umbellate or corymbose, numerous, terminal; pl.als five
spreadMig : pedicels brown-canescenl. recurved in fruit.

This lovely flowering shrub thrives chieflv on low-lyin- flats
and in w^t marshy places, where its large terminal clust^ers of
snow-white blossoms grow abundantly from sticky scaly buds
on the low bushes. The foliage of the Woolh- LabVador Tea is
stnctly characteristic, for the leaves are long-shaped, with revo-
lute margms, green and slightly wrinkled on the top and
densely woolly un<lerneath, the wool m the developed foliage
bemg the colour of inm rust. This thick woolly growth is
probably designal for the express purpose of protecting the
pnres of the leaves from becoming dogged by the u.oist

IS

vapours that must necessarily rise rotmtl about them, rnving
to the extremely wet groimd in which the shrubs flourish.

3j<5

l'l.<nv|.;RI.\i; SHRL HS

I Imits tlKit Kinw i„ vc-iy d.imp l„ailitics arc speaally dcpcinl-
ciit u|,nn the liw pcrsphuti.in „f their leaves to throw „tf the
vast ,|uantities „f moisture they alisorl, throii-h their roots
and stem, ; onsequeiuly such marsh shriihs as the 1 -ibn
<lor leas are forced to adopt a regular system in nr.ler to
prevent the pores of their leaves from Ijccominf; so cot,.r,.stod
u-ith mo.sture from ..utside that they cannot perform their
lef,'it.mate ttmction of throwing off the moisture fn>m within
I he small l.ran. hes are also covered with red, nistv, wnol-Hke
hairs.

The flower-clusters are very beautiful, i^ach indivi.lual hlos.
som consistniK of five pure white petals, with a large Kreen
ovary set m the centre ; the style am! numerous lonj; stamens
me ^•ery conspic.mus. Koth the flowers and leaves ha^•e a
strong aromatic fragrance.

A. xlanduhsmn, or Smooth-leaved Labra<lor Tea has also
..i>K-shai.ed, thick, leathery loaves of a brownish-p-een ht,e
but they are not woollj untlerneath, being c|uite smooth on'
both sKles, though slightly white and resinous below The
flower-clusters closely resemble those of L. ladfotium

rhe name F-abrador T,..a is ,leri^■eci from the fact that n,an\-
old settlers, and also camjiers and limibermen in the back
wo.xls, formerly tised in place of tea a decoction brewed
Irom the aromatic lea\es of this shrub.

WHITE MODNTAIN RHODODENDRON

R/{ot/(u/,'/ii/ivti ulhijloniiii. Healii i-'aiiiilv

Leaves: membranaceous, oblong, obscurely undulate. Flowers- from
separate one-to-three flowered, lateral, scaly, cone-like buds below ,l,e
leaves; caly. hve-par,ed, the divisions more or less foliaceous ; corolla
tive-lohed; fiaments be.arrted at the base, open-campanulate , stamens
ten I style peltate, live-lobed.

I'l.MK \( Ml

Winri; Mdint.iin K]i.,i,c)i,i,;x,,u..\

MOINIAIN KIOUICR-

iy^

This is oiiL' of the most biMutilul tln.verin^' shrubs found
KTowmj; on thu highest mountains.

•■nil. tile \vinjlini,.s u|) anil down

'i'liat the ili//y pathway look .'

.Now along the tragpy bed

Of a sun-dried mountain brook ;

Now along a ledge that led

liy a ihasm's crumbling brink,

Dropping deep and sheer away

Through the golden .Syrian day

To the dreamy blur of pink

That the oleanders made, —

Here in sun. and there in shade.

Vp. and up. and up we went.

While, a spacious azure tent,
Arabesijued with morn, the sky

Hung above us radiantly."

I!ad the poet who ]iennc<l these lovely lines leferred to

... the creamy blur of white
'fliat the rhododendrons made,

his verses uould as fitly have de.scribed the findins of the
e.xquisite w.a.xen l,ells of the Mountain Rhododendron as that of

" The dreamy blur of pink
That the oleanders made,"

for y. IS on the most inaccessible ledRes, and close to the great
slopes of eternal snow, that the oblong gloss)- green leaves of
this alpine shrub gleam brightly in the sunshine of the July
days, and the slim, stiff, brown stems bear aloft clustering
circles of pure white flowers, hokling within their chalice-cups
the ten pale yellow stamens and the style. The edges of the
foliage are slightly wavy, the cal)x is five-partetl, each division
resembling a small leaf, antl the corolla is bell-shaped and cut
into five rounded lobes. The buds are scaly and cone-like

3«)0

H()ui:ki\(; siiki hs

i I

SMOOTH MENZIESIA

Mni:l,-si,i )^l,ihrll„. Ilcitli K.imilv

Le«»«.; alltrnale, <il>iiv.ile. (ililusu ami t;lan(lular.imRriinali' at lln-
api-x. pale (jlamous and );lalirou.s binoath, sparinj;ly |iul,fsreiii aliovt.
tht: margins iiiiir.-. , rcnulatf, riliolatf. Floweii : one Ki tive in uml>fls.
cruam and |,iiik. »|,icadinK, iKiDminK em 1 : <alyx five-lol)id ; i cm.lla
urnsha]nd l..iir-l.ii>lluil ; Mamcns iij;lit. iniluilid. Fruit: si-ed.s l..nK-
.ippt-ndagid al t-acli end.

II you wish 1.1 !>,• ,|iiitr .MUiiii thiit thf slirulj bclciiv _\c.ii is
li-ally Maizhihi );l„lhlla. just jjiiMk .,ff ii l)nilHli iitid stin-jl
it. :itiil ynii will at once iicrniw the pet iiliiir |-im;;viil .Kldur ni
llir skiiiik fiiianatiii',' Innii it> stoiiis atiil lnliani-. Tlu- hush
Klnws (.-rixt hi till' liLif,'ht nf six livl auil heats ahimd.ml l"iilia};c.
■|hi- lca\L's at\- small, nal, aiul iialu '^vwn. and have even
wa\y haity iiiarKiiis. The fidwets are little rmindish pink
ami rieaiiiy urti-shap«l hells, which tetriiitiate the liinf;- sletider
stalks, and are hmr-lcihed, having eij;ht stamens within their
eiips. They f,'riiw in nmhels at the ends nf the twif^s, and also
eneirele the stems just helinv the topnidst ehtsters of leaves.
When in fruit the seeds are charaeterized by Inn;; appendages
at eaeh end.

SILVER-BERRY
HliFiii^itti.^ ari^ciilt-ii. Olcaslrr Kaniilv

St.iKini(iTous,silvery-s.aly,miiclihraiiciied. Leaves: alternate, olilone,
ovate, densely silvery-scurfy on both sides, ai .ite or obtuse. Flowers '
one to three in the axiLs, pedieclled, fra^-rant ; pcriantli silvery witl.out,
yellow within, tubnl.ir lielcnv. the upper part campanulate. four-liilied.
the lobes ovate. Fruit : oval, silvery.

.\ tniist extraordinary and attraetive shrub, growing fnini
twn to twelve feet hif;h and entirely oivered with a Invely
silver inatini,'. The leaves are small and very crinkled and
wavy, and the flmvers (|uite tiny, their bell-shapeil four-l.ibed
eiirollas beint; silvery im the iiutside and pale yellow within.
The stems, branehes, leaves, and fruit are eoni])letely silvered
liver and thus tiiay be readily distinf;uishc'd.

I'l Ml, MA III

.S\HMl| II Mi \/|| si

[.i/,;niisi„ ,:l„/;tl„)

i'"

MCilNTAIN KIOUKKS

.?".?

CANADA BUFFALO-BERRY

Sli.ph/r,l,„ l.iiiii.l.iiut. Olcist.r I'.imily

U.r..: ov.to or ,n.,l. „l„„s. .„ tht .pox. roumlcl or „ rrowed nt

11 . Im»e, K,,...„ .,„,! sp.,ri„«lj .„.|l.,„ „ ur(y al.ov.. ,U.„»d, silverv «dl.>,..

>ourfy l,en.a.:,, ,,.■.„■ „f ,1,. „ u,l l,r,nv„. ?,„.„. , ,„ Zn ,,,ik.» m , ,.

nmleso, ,„. uix.. u.;:.,.!,,,, |,„,|, ,.|o ; p..,i,,„,l, f,ur-lj,e,, Fr„,. ■

oval, drupelikf. rt-d or yellow.

This shrul) soniewhat roscmbli^ /

is not nearly sii silvery in appcarau, c, t

with a brown scurf anil tho leaves Ix

bniwn-seurfy on the top a.'d silver-

The yellow (lowers are small and };ro,.
jomts of the twif,'s; the fruit lonsisl^
yellow hcrry, the flesh of which is edih
and contains a tiny smoiith nut.

The Canada Huffalo-bcrry grows fi
high, usually near w.ner, ami whc^
ornamental.

f nr

;l'ltl

but

•:s W

"«'■■•

e<l

L-en .

'id ^\\i

iy

ily ■

•lernci.

h.

! sp

> at

■

.n.:ht

-< rlet

'*r

■'

Ugf \ ,

> ilisif

''i

»m

U

><t

ct

m

fi

,i

:■■ cniely

1 .11 the

ml cam-
ming ; sta-
lierrv ro'jjrh-

ROnOa-FRDITED D!v ik0m
Dispiiium IriKliycarfii, Lils i

Le«ve«: ;,lti-rnate. ovate or oval, .ihml al llie
basf, five-to.elevcn nerved, sessile. Flowers ; tern,
long pedicels. Rreeni.sh-Khite or greenidi-veliow : pr
panulatc, its si.x segments narrowly oliiong. acute, ,,i
mens six, hypogynous : style slender, tl.ree-lobed. I
eiied, depres.sed-globose.

As its name miplies. the :<..ugh.fruite,i iJ.sporum h i

berry with a rough coat ; it is apparentiv leathc.\ rather u,

pulpy, and contains from four to eighteen see, This plant

IS not a real shrub, but is a shrub-like herb with slender

rootstocks, and branching stems that arc .scaly belc- and

leafy above. It usually grows in the cien.sc woods and attains

an avera,:,'e heiirht of tw.i f,.et T''.- icn-,.- ,vK;-!

- -~'-^- ' '■'- :cave,T, wnich somcwnat

Mh

H()Wi;ki\<; siiKiits

tx-cinlilu Ih.isi- ,,f Slr,fi,fii.< ,imf/,\!/aliiis. arc oval anil
^lruIl^;|y ncrM;(l, viTy |).)intc(l M thf apex ami rimnik'il at
llii- l>asi-. The flimcrs usually j;rnw in twns iir threes at the
ends nt the sleniler waniMike hranehcs, where Ihey hanK
|>en<lent on their thready stalks. They are <Teaniy ur ureen-
ish yellow in hue, and have a ll,,ral cup thai is . iit into si.v
equal narrow sef;nients and holds six lonK statiiens. tip'ied hy
lar;;e oblong- anthers, and a threelohed style.

MOUNIAIN VVIIJ) I'l.OWl'lRS
OF CANADA

Six Ti()\ \'I

Misci:Li.ANi:()rs

SiXTION VI

MISCELLANEOUS

SPIKED WATER MILFOIL

Myiiophylliim tf;, „/,,,». Water MiUoii 1-amily

Submerged leaves : ill whorls i.t fours and five's, dissected into capillary
divisions. Floral leaves : ovate, entire or serrate, usua'lv shorter than the
flowers, or sometimes none. Flowers; white, in spikes: petals four ■
stamens eight. Fruit; splitting ,it maturity into four bony, one-seede.l
indehiscent carpels, which are rounded on tlie back, witli a deep wide
groove between them, smooth, or very rarely slightly rugose.

This is an aquatic herb, with submergud, spreading,
thready leaves set in whorls of four or five round the thick
stems. Sometimes it has floral leaves that are very small
and usually shorter than the blossoms. The name MyriopJiyl-
him is from the Greek and means "myriad-leaved.' The
flowers are minute and white-i)etalled and grow in tiny in-
terrupted spikes.

MARE'S TAIL

mppuiis -.■iii.-.-<:.,. W.Mx Milfoil l";imi!y

Stems ; slender, glabrous. Leaves : linear or lanceolate, acute, sessile,
in crowded verticels of si.v to twelve, more or less s])hacelate at the apex'
Flowers ; small, axillary ; calyx-limb minute, entire ; petals none : stamen
one, with a short thick filament and comparati\elv large two-celled
anther dehiscent by lateral slits. Fruit : a small, one-celled, one-seeiled
drupe.

This is also an at|uatic herb, with slender erec t stems,
bearino- circles of from six to twelve narrow lea\es in the

•\ii.sci-:m,a.\k(h.s

368

STRAWBERRY ELITE

"'■'"'*'"'""" "'^'"""" <-o-foo, Family
stems, asceridinir, eact „r „r .

t«„.: si„u.uc.-.le„..,e, corda,. nnifo™™,?''''''- """'' ''^•''"^'■«'-

»i"U.. p,„„.„, ,,.,,i|^. °^ ' " °™', ""-■ '■'>'<=" ""<! l«sal l„l,,,s

o.^.i;e .,..., .„,„. «ree.,i.,,: T.:: ingtw;,,;";;'"^-^,- "' "■^- "'"^- P-'

fat resembling a stra«herry *' ''' '" """"■ •'"•i'' some-

pale green foliage and bri<--h. ^ ,7":'"'"^=""l s"il. where its
The leaves are halbe: - i i r'!?"''" " "'"''''"""'■
apex and at the ends of the h , u ■""'""' ^"'^ « 'he
""- - less ,nd.,^;:; ":V-^"-" '"b-. -he margins being
b"t the developed fruit is Z, T '"'' '™" '"'^ ^^'^^"i^h.
"'"-ting of a'bril ™ ^^ S;^ J' ^"-l;- - ^Pi-rance,
»ceds embedded in its nrinL '^ "-■ """'" '"' """'-""^
-erthee.er.oroft::S:i'S:::::;---'-»-hich

WATER PERSICARIA

''"•'•'•""""" ""'PM.,',,,:. l,uck.vl,eat Familv

";e:^^r:t^r:;:;H^;:'~- --...-.e„. «:a.^^

°'..u,se, sometime, cilia.e^ ocre" „dH n" r"'' ^-"'P- l-'i"l«l.
'""Ser than „„. internodes. tl,e!r I ' ,, ' '" "' ""' ''""''"'^ °"-'

yi in a terminal raceme, d ' e e e , , " ■'P"'"''""' ^"-"-
^ a",e„. five, e.,e,.,ed ; ».vle .« " 'eft ""s'ert^":"" """'"' "^'-^^'"^-^ ■
"Won,., lenticular, l,i,„„;,, UUrltTT,-- """'' ^-^henes orbicular-

MOIXI'AIN KI.OUKKS

369

Hniurson has so a|>tl\-

forest pool, or fringing its bortlu-rs. Ai
dcscribetl it,

'■ Rosy polygonLim. lake-mnr;,;in"s pritlc."

is one of tlic prettiest aquatic plants amongst the mountains.
The stems often grow twenty feet in length; sometimes they
Hoat, and sometimes they are immersed beneath the waters.
The leaves are oblong-elliptic and smooth, and from two to
four inches long.

Runic.

WESTERN DOCK

iidentatti. liuckwheat Famiiv

Stems ; siout. strict. t.Tr(.t. leafy, stron^jly grooved, simple or sparingly
brandied. Leaves: lanceolate, papillose, obtuse a^ the apex, cordate
at the base, long-petioled. Flowers : green panicle rather dense, erect,
flowers loosely wliorled ; caly.\ si.v-parted, pale green : wings triangulale-
ovate, undulate.

A large coarse plant growing several leet high, with a
strongly grooved stem, huge, long-shaped, bluish-green leaves
that are crisped and wavy-margined, and panicles of green
flowers set in loose whorls near the ape.\ of the stalks. These
flowers have no petals, but only a green si.\-parted caly.\, the
three outer divisions of which remain unchanged in fruit,
while the three inner sepals develop into wings,

A', acctosn, or Sorrel, is a much smaller plant and has
arrowhead-shaped leaves.

BLACK CROW-BERRY

Empctntm iii^fum. Crow-berry Family

Much branched, the branches spreading, densely leafy. Leav
linear-oblong, crowded, thick, obtuse, the strongly revolute niargnis
roughish. Flowers: very small, purplLsh, solitary in the upper axils:
.sepals and petals mostly three. Fruit: a black drupe, containing six to
nine nutlet.s.

This black-berried herbaceous shrub resembles a lieath,
and grows in large dense mats on the movintain sides at high

±L Mls(i;ij.A\i:()is

nItiUHlcs, TiK- nnn.cnms shurt bnun-hcs arc- ^hic■kl^ cnx-rcl
"■.tl> tM,y m;„t„«- k.nx-s ; tl,. |,u,-|,lish (lowers arc ,no,„s|„cu-
•"1^. an<l the iKM-rics, uhKh arc- lar-c, rnumi, and „f a .lull
Diack c„l.,i,r, arc a taM.uritc fruit uith the alpine bird.

Jiiinpt-,

JUNIPER

f ihiii,!. I'iiic Familv

A (ieprosswl ,i,id ,sl„„l,. Leave,: all subulate, rigid, spreading
c a„„elled a„d „■„,.„.., „„ ,„e upper surface, densefv lo.M , fJ

^::r:::^;tr- ''---'^-^''^^-^-^- --^^^^^^^

A very depressed, almost prostrate species of Juniper
wh.ch forms „„ the grotntd larye circular patches that some'
tmies extend to ten feet in tliametcr. It .rows at e.vtremelv
h.«h altitudes, and is one of the last siyns of vegetation en-
c.mucred near the tree-line. The leaves, which tlensely cover
ll'c branches, are channclle.l, and son,ctimes whitened on the
^"■tace ; they are set in xert.cels of three on the twii;s The
cones are berry-like, hcnK ro.nided, smooth, and dark blue

lYAlL'S LARCH

1.11} ix r.yiillii. Pine Family

A small tree; branches horizontal and ascendir,,, ,l,. i
hud-scales densely pubescent wit,, wl.itisl 'h! "":^; '= ^1 > mL'""
wi.bout sheaths, in fascicles on short, lateral scT b I I T'

lets, deciduous. P.ower,, in aments, short r-dno" " ' ''^^ ''"""■''-
frotn leaHess Intds, the fertile bud; comml^t "r^'ir'^r
Frtiit; cones oblong, promptly deciduous. ' ' ""= "•l"'^- '^^■l-

I^-all's Larch is a ^■e,y lovely tree. It is no, an evergreen

St,nember,,f you h,ok up to where the conifers, re; the
"l.^c of the f^reat wh.te urrrs. you will see a zone of glorious
flamtn, yellow foliage atlorn,n« the cr.a,s and clilTs and
-paraun, the r.ch ,reen Hemlock, Spruce, Pine, and Fir
fr.M. the purtt, ot the perpetual snows. This vellr.^c sheen

MOrN'IAIN KI.()Ui;ks

373

isthcaulumr. ilruss „l the Ly^ill's l.aivhcs; fur when the brief
alpine si.nimcr is past the leaves ,,1 these beautiful trees
which KTnw in clusters „ut ,.f «„„,ly cups, ami in July arc a
tender pale t,'reen, turn Kohlenhued before they fall

The eones are small ami dainty and si»,n ii,..p ,,ri It is
very pleasant tu pause awhile amcinKst a -r.ne ,,f these
CM|uisite feathery apple.},'reen l.art hes, and recall the words
ttf one who said :

■■ lifliiml nil. lay the forests luislu-il «itli sleep ;
Aimve nie j'l its i;r;i:;;te niajeste.
Sphinx-like, the peak lliro' silent centuries

Met the eternal (|uesti(in of the sky
\'ietor at last — tlironetl on the craKJietl luiKlit —
I scan tile };rcen steeps of the mountain side
Where late I toiled. The forest lands stretch wide.
And in deep valleys farms gleam far and white,
\'istas of distance lireak upon nivsij,dit.

I lie peopled plain creeps to the sk\'s hlue rim.
Where new peaks fjather substanceless .and dim.
As half-remembered dreams at noontime light.
" Hetweeii two silences my soul floats still
.\s any white cloud in this sunnv air.
No .sound of living breaks ujwn my ear.
No strain of thought — no restless human will —
Only the virgin ipiiet. everywhere —
I'.aitli never seemed so far. or Heaven so near.
In the awed silence of this dim high place
One keeping vigil might not fear, indeed.
If it befell him .is that man of old.
Who in the mountain nut Cod f.ace to fare."

COTTON-GSASS

Eruiphitniiii ,„piuiliiii:. Sedge l-'ainilv
Perennial by rootstocks. stems: culm ohtuselv triangular, stiff
smooth, slemlcr. Leaves ; liliform, channelled : spikelet terminal, solitarv'
erect: mvolucre none; scales spirally imbricated, ovate-lanceolale
long-.acuminate, purplish-brown, membranous: bristles numerous white
or slightly yell.iwish. weak.

374

.Misr|.;i,i„\M:()is

tl,«e besulc ,lH.. ,„a,w„s ,„ „,, .Ipinc l.,kc. nn,l str.„„.
"• > "- -U nu,ry-hc.a,lccl .s„l,. |.. ,„.„„,, „ ,,.:'^ ' ' ,

'•''";•;-;■■■ •t'-esl™lordunn.n.,il.:K.s, an, ;,,
Iffimnal uhiti.' or i a-an ■ "

bristles.

"I'Hlir.l he.ol r,,ni|»,sud„r <inu silky

SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS

Stems; culni erctt ciniwui. i i
-I-. Leave, : H :^: tu' ^ ^ :'"'""' '""^'" '"^ "- -•-

T^spil^sf, he S,.i,-,.|.,aii Grass, .ith,l,.,r warn., nd,.

IMC SK) IS Dliif and liiirn n,. and tht . I.iij.k , ,i
U-I,.n ,l,e bretveis kllv dau.ili,,./ ,1 ""■ '"'''''

■ "•""""'K. thtro IS musir ,i, the f;,-,,.„

■■Just .1 thistly, wiiisllv, , omul
'"'I'e tangles near tile -round;
A..a the H.ttinK fairies often stop to hs.en as thev pass ;
Just a lisping, vvliisp'ring tune.
bike a bumblebee's bassoon.
In a far-away fantasia, is the music in the grass.

•• W..uldy„„ know what n,akestl,e music' On each slender, c,uiverin,. blade

A" the gr.asshoppe,s and locusts strive each other to surpass
In the.r brave interpretation of the music in the gr,,,,.,.

■■ liy the roguisli breezes tost

Vou might think it would get lost
Hut the careful fairies guard it, watching doselv' as thev pass.

So on every summer day,

Sounding faint and far awav
Is the mystic, murnnn-in^ n.arvel of the music in the grass.''

I

MiilM.MN |.|o\\i;ks

FIELD HORSETAIL

lifjiiisfUiiii ,

1 [nrsL-t.iil I amilv

Stems: an„u.il, l,oll„v,, j„i„t.-.l. pr.ni.k-.l will, ,, ,m.r.-,l stomata, the
fl-rtik- appcariMK i„ early s,„i„^. l,,,„r,- llu- stcil.- L..,e, : ,x-,i„ciil t..
sliiaths at the JDiius.

This is a iDsh-liko plant nf a vci> rank , ,,atsc naluic, wlm h
KroHs Ml ditches anil alnrij, iIil- sandy xvaysjdus. 'l h,. turiilu
stums, whith aii|)car m the rally sprm-, -n.w In.ni loiu t,. ten
inches hi;,'h and arc h-ht bn.wn in coloin Tlicv arc m,t
l)ranchctl, liut terminate in a Military (,,nc-likc si'iikc. The
sterile stems, which appear later i.n in the sea,s„n, are {,Teen
and rather slender, axerafiinf,' ciKhteen inches in height.
They have nuraerons vertk illate branches, the sheaths of
which are luin-tiidthed.

STIFF CLUB-MOSS

lA\-op<u/iui'i tDtiu'tiiunn. Cluh-moss r.imilv

Stems: much bramhi^d, sluiwitr. prostrate and cn-epiiiy, rathrr stiff
the- branches ascentlinj;, sparh.sly fork.-,l. Leave, uniform, spreadin-'
hve-rankcd, rigid, linear-lancmlatc. minutelv serrulate, n, rved below
spikes .solitary at the ends of the branches. oblonR-cvIindric, compose,!
of o,ate bracts, each with a sporange in its axil ; spo'res smooth on ,l,e
basal surface.

A mtiss-like herb, with numerous tiny leaves cnmplctciv
covering the short branches, which terminate in dense obhin^
spikes composed of small bracts, each one with a sat cm"
taining spores in its a.\il,

/.. chnuuum, <,r Creepin- CV.. inss, has extensivciv creep-
ing stems and short, irregular, densely leafy branches. The
leaves are much crowded, incurved, and tipped with tinv
bristles, and the s|)ikes grow in clusters of from one to fou'r
"11 long pedtincles.

iN'DKX TO scii:.\TiFic \ \ ^n■■.s

■ n

!M

A.ImII.M l.l.Uilnv

A. M.i ^|.i. ,ilj vj
Allmrn ici iir\;itiitii. IS-
Alliuiii .Sihit.'nu|ir,(^iiiii, j^c
Anipl.iiii.liifr aliufulia. ]]■;
\naph.ilis m.ir^.irilaLej. 74
Aiuirosaie ('liiim.ijasme. ijo
Aiiilrn^a. f "■i|>ti>iilrnMi.ili-,. 90
Aiu'RHiiie DruiiiiiiDhdii, n
AneiiHine iiuilijlida, 4
AnemoiiL- N'utuIIiatia. i.sr»
Ant'iiioiie I'ccider.tiili-. 4
ArieiiiDiie [)arviri.(i;i, ij
Antctimiriii Hortfliii. j]
Aiittmiuriii lanala, ■j\
AnUiinarta i)ar\ ifolia, 7 j
Aiittniiariii |>ar\ ifolia var. rn>ea. J5
Anlfiiiiaria raceniosa, 7 ;
A|.lo|U|)piis HrandeHfi. :H<>
Aijuilf^ia hrevistyla, ii,t
A(|iiile«ia Ha\ e-it kiis. j()j
AqiiilfuJa fonnosa. t 55
Arahis .oiilinis, 15
Aral)i> [ >rumnioiidii, 16
Arabis hirsuia, j6
Arabis MoMki Mii. 15
ArL■IostaI}hylo^ alpina, 15.^
Arciostaphylns L'va ursi. 156
Areiiaria bitlora. 27
Artiiaria nardifntia. 27
Arnita alpiiia, :(^.S
ArniLa ("huniissonis. 2ijS
Arnica cordifolia, 2itj
Ariiita I'arryi. ;(,,S
Arieniisia hieiiiiis, 71)
Arleniisia distdl.ir. jt)
Artemisia frtf-ida. 79
A^tt;^ alpiiius. 6S
A!«ter commutatMs. M
Aster cijuhpicuus. -13

A'-liT J'iiiHflrii.imiii. -•■.)
AsU.ff..l,a..,.s. ..,,
Avl^r hrmiMtiii, ji ,
Aslra^alus aLori^Jiinnini. ];
Astrayaliis adMir^LMin, jc i
Astra(4alii> alpiuus JO.(
Asira^ahi^ lom illariii-., joi
AMra«aIn% liyp<.y|<..tis. 304
A>iraj{ahi>. Matoiuiii. .'04

Heiberi^ repent, (j j
UrassiLa Sinapi-truni, .-f^S
Hrimella viil(i;an>, -^S
Hryaiithii- eniptiriforniis, 1 5(>
llryaiuhus glaiululirinrti^, Si,
I'-ryaiUhiis iniurmediiis. i(k)

<'aliha pahi-tris, 2U2

CalypM. !.ortMl... .77

Campanula r.itundifolia. 22}

CapM'lla Itiirsa J>a^t<.ri^, if,

Cassiopf MtMlt-iisiana, So

<-'astilieia Hradliiirii. 17 j

(-'astilleia iiiiniala. 170

faslillfia pallida. (70

<'a-tiltfia ^fplcnlrinnalis, tW)

(. trastium alpiiium var Hehriiij^-

iaiuini, jS
'"era-'iiiim arvtu-ic, 27
Clieii-ip-idiiim allium. i,i)
("htiKip.jdiiim capitatnni, }US
Chrysamhennim Lfiit.arthe-mim. 74

Chrysopsis villosa, jS6

t'laytiiiiia seshilifoHa. jS

<lematis Cnlumlijati.i, i.Sj

<"lintiinia uiiiflora. 130

t'niius erinrephahis. So

Cnicus undiilatus, 230

Colliiisia parvitlora. 243

Comaiidra livid.i. 101

I\l>'\ K) .SCIKMinc NAMKs

' "'■»llitrhi/a itiii.it.i, In i
I "'liu> I aruilci,,,,. ,,..

< "riiu« »c,|.,infur.i, i,,

< "fyd.ili, a„rej i.„ ,„,i,u.„i,,

< it|ii» .-luKiiii ., lo;
'repi, i,;„i,„ ici;
*'re|ii% lumin.it.i. (o;
<M'rip»iliiim ii, ,i„|,., ,-s

< vpiipcilium |i.initlr,riim. ii i

< Min|)t,l,uni |.a„„i„i,„i, ii,
"> .■-l...m|ml„-»,c.M-, „,

llel|iliiiilum l!..i«i.ii, Ml

l>t-l|>hiiii,im riiliiml,,.. „ I .

Ili.enl... f.,rm,>,.,, ,,„
lliN'"i'i"i tM,l,y,.,rp„m. ii,i
ll"iliT,uli,-,.,i p.ui. iil,,rum, II, j

• -')(

llruli.i

ilpiii.i. :i,s

llral).i aiirt.1, J6S
l>rat)a In, ana. rii
l>rya> I Irnniiiiumlij, ..;j
IHya^ 'Ktupelala. jS

Kihini-piTmnm ll..iil,un,li,„,. ■ ,j
l';l"""-p^''nuM„l,appula, ,p,
'■■'■'■■■'Ki'"- a.Ki-nU'.., ,(,0
Knipi'irum nigrum. {^11^
l-;pil"lmini anaKaniclif.,liani, i r
Kpiioliiuin anK„siif,,li„n,, 14,
I'.pilul.nim ai,„i„iif„li„,n var. , ane^-

.t-nv. I,;
I'.pil'.lmLm ll.,riH'n,anni, ijS
l-:pil..l)iiun latif.,liuni. 147
Kpiiuhinni lutt-uni, jSj
1^'pnxjtiim aivense, 375
I'^iKeroii ani>. 21;,
KriKeron c<ini]in»ilus. 6.S
Kri(.eri>n ulaljellns. 15.
I'lriKeron lanalus, ;2o
Kiisern I'liiladflphi.ns. j^o
Kriseron »al^ul!in„^„s, .,0"
htiiiKtnn iinillnru-.. jjo
Kri.iK.inumanilin-aifiini, 100
I'.rioKonnm umliellatum, 100
IJni.pliornm lapiutnm, 57,
Krysinumi parvillnrnni. 2(17
Krylhmniuni Kip iniiMim. j'lS

i;i'nlb

I'aillaNliaaii.la'

I'aliiMii linrual,.,

<<aliuni lull. mm. 1,7
ai ma. j jo
adiiii... ; ; J
l..tillana .ir.lMpliiU .. ,„
<;.iilian.i r,,r»,),Kln, ; ; ,
l.i-nci.iiia M.i,,,„n||, .;,,
'••■nli.ina p„,|,in,p,a. .. ;„
'itniiana pri.^tr.ii.i. ; .,,
'■'•'■"'""" '■."••liiiiannm. 1 ft,
'It'taninni ki, h.itiNmii. ji
(iMitn Ilia. iN|)lijll,i[|i, j;5

' pruiii iriH. ,111111. I I i
'■■•"ilyia .M.n/i.Mi. 107
(M'mlyt-r.i ifjifiis. 107

H.iliinaria lii.auala. lo.S
Ilahfiiari.i ililalat.l. 1 ij
llalienaiia liy|wili,>n-a. lo.S
llahen.ula Iru, „,sl,uliv«. 114
MnUenaiia „l,i,Ha,a. .'cs
M,-,li»ar.|m|. n,,,^,.. .^7
Kfilv^.inini liortialt i.ii. alliiflou
lledysaiiini Ma. kt-n/il. i.jo

llelianlhu, j.i|;aiilcn.. ;,,,

Iltrai Itnm Ijnatuni. <,i

HtiiHht'ra nvalifulia. 5(1

IliiT,., iiini j;ra.ilf. 505

niera, iuin Siiiiiltli. io=

llippiiiis iiilKaii-. 1I17

H.irdLuiii jiiliaium. J74

.|iniip.-rii^ nana, j-o

K.iliiii.i kI.iui.1. 1(0

lailv I.yalJii. ,70
I-alliyriis iHiiroli-iicus. 32
I.etlulii KlaiidnlMsuni. J56
l.udum lalifnlium. 555
l.fpMirhpiia pymlif.'ilia. 50
l.iKiiMi. lini apiifcliuni. Ill
l.iliiiin i..li,niliiaiinni. •.,-

I\ 'l.\ lO M lis Mil, \ \\|| ^

r illiini l'liil.i.l,'l|,lii, ir

lini,,.., I ...Iiv ,1-,

l-xiiim l.cui^it. iij.s

l.iMcri

.rJ.ita

I'M

l.icli...|.,iliiuni .ii.K.i-iihihiini. ;,„,
l"l«lia Kaliiiii, .•.■!
I."iu..-t.i Kl.n..i., ,11.. r;i
l.imiifra iiniilut f.it.t, j.j.,
I.'itii. cr.i ruiheii.i,, x^o
l<>i"li'n!iuni iinii.iiiiiiiiu. J--
I.jLO|H.,lHini t l.naliiiii. j;5

Milil.ilin .iniiiii.iliv _.;,
Miiulia rana.ltiiM.. ; |S
Mciiyaiirlie, CiifMlula, 1,5
Mi'ii/ir.ia Klalii-lla, /o
Mi'ilfiisia |i.iiii,iila,.i. ]<)
Mimiiliis l.i.«i>ii, ,,,;
Miniiiji,, J,.HiK-il..tlii. ]io
Mir.lla llreucri. 5;
Minitsfs iiuiHiiia, S,,
.My,..,„i, -ylvaliia var. alp.-»iri,, ;,,
Myriiiphjlliini >|>icauim. 1(17

N'^iimiiiiii fitti. inalr. [5
Niipliar |i,ily»i.|ialiiiii. ,.(15

'Kiiotliera liifiinis, 2.Sj
' )n his rMliiiidifiilia, 1 -,S
OrlliixarjHis jiirfiis. jio
<)xy,,n,ii» > nivalis. ijC
OMylmpU laniliurti. 2-1
<l\ylnipi» podmaipa. .'04
Oxylrcipi» spltinifils, 207
Oxytiopi. I i-, ilia. 307

I'apa.fi iiinli,a„k., ;f,f,

I'ania.sia liliiiiiial.

i'arnassia Kot/elmci. ',t
i'aniassia mtiiitantjiisis. 56
f'cdii iilaris Iirailtosa. 174
I'etliiiilari. cniitorta. <j6
IVcliiularis Cimilaiulica. 175
IVdicularis rarrilKi.a. i)(.
rfiiilciiioii cniiffrtiis. ^o(i
IViislfmiin cinferliis var. i-aTiiIen

purpurt'iis. ■ I ]
IVnstt'num Mi i.sii. jj;

I 'la-ilv, liit„la, ,v,
IVla-il.. palm, la. ,v
1'rtai.itti s
llia.a .Vnii
I'liai.'lia .,

So

laiu. [J
'■■'■ -• 1 1
I'iiy. ana liiiljnmi atpa, ,'(.S
I'uiBiii. Ilia liiluan,. .'i;
I'laiiiaK., nia|„r, ,„
I'lanlaK,, H„k,1m.,,,,
I'olvKi'iMini alii|.l,il,i„,ii, jf,;
l'"l>li'iiiiiiii vuipaiuiii. 100
l'"Ii-iililla AiiMTiiia. .■7f,

I'lilviililla

"KNla. 4i,

!'"li-iililla dis.i
l'"l.'Mlil!afnili, ,,.a. ;io
l'"li-iililla Bi 11 ili., ;jq
l'"l>'iinlla llippiaiia. J7.,
I'liliiiiilla iiiw.i. •-,,
l'..t,-,il,ll,, \„i,.„i,:,. ,-,,
i'lilliilla taiitiiisa. H.4
f'liliiiila Mi.tasMniia. t(t
I'mmi- \ iif;iiiiaiia, j.'(
l")r(ita asarifolia. if,^
Pyrola .lil..raiillia. .Ss
I'M. .la iiiiii,, . X6

I'yi.ila M ida.Sd

I'ynis saiiilm.ifulia. 1 ;i.

K.

iiliis a, li,. ..;,,
"Ins a.jualilis ■

Iv.iiiiim iiliis Cynil.aiaiia. ;t.i
Kailumiiliis l-:..,li,s,l„,lt,ii, ,,„
Kaiiiiiimliis Ma.i.iinii. ;f,a
KaimlKulus rejiens. jOi
UaiiuiKulii, rcplans, .-fii

Kliinanthii. Crisis

.i'3

Kli.,il,.dfiidr.,n alliitliiiim, •,-,i;
kiiies ruljriini, 35S

Kilit

,1 '.-■<

K.iiiian/..tfia siulit-iisis. ()5
Kosa a,i,:„lari>, 350
K.isa Ma, .iiinii. j.,5
Kubus artticu>, r.n
Knlnis Niiikaiius. jj.^
kiihiis pfd.tiu-^. ;S
Kiiim-x ai.i.-tfis.T, ',(ii(

3So

IMH:\ TO SClKNTinc NAMKS

S.mibiK
Samlfui

ll> lUfl.ill

U

' ratemor,a, 54 ^
Saxifrafja ai/oides, ;So
Saxifraga brniichiali,-*, 4^
Saxifraga cenuta, 44
Saxifraga l.yallii. 44
Saxifraga nivalis, 50
Saxifraga Niiikaiia. 41,
Saxifraga oppu^itifolia
Stdiini frigidiini, 144
Sediini stciioptitaluni. 2S0

Senecir) l!a!samiia'. 21,^

Seiiecio Liiiiii-., 501

Stnecio !lJgL-n^. 501

Seiieciu lriai)gularis, 301

Sliepherida Canadensis. 365

SilL-nuauiuiis. ni;

Sill

' Ma..

Si It- 1

lirior.i,

Sisymljriiini Hariwegianiim. 267
Si.syrinchiiim anniisiif(,lium, ^5 t
Smilacina ample xi.aiili.. 120
Sniilat-iiia Canadensis. [ :o

ata. iig

Snlida^^D Canadensis. 2S9
Sulidayu dei.iiinl)en>. 200
SoJidajic Miss(Mirit-ii>is, 2-)C
S(.lid.i^;o ninlliradiala var

mill. 200
Solidago neninrati-. .-gj
Sonchiis aivtnsis. 30C1
Spira-a Aruncus. 331,
Spira'a lufida. 37
Spira^^a pectinata. ^7
Spiraiuhes Knman/offiana,
Slachys paliistris, 251
Slellaria loiigipes. 27
Slenaiithiiini otcideiitate, i:
Streptopus amplexifoliiis, 1
Strepiopiis Inevipes. iSi
Hlreptopu.s turvipes. 181

■LOpill.J

Slttplupus ruMMis, i,Si
Symphorirarpiis ratf m()--iis \ar, paii-
-.ilfMrus. 344

I .; :. \aciini otificinaJL- \ ar. lividtini. 305

r ■. xacum riijjestrt. 30(1
'1' -inia grandiri'iia. 50
'liialiLtrum uLLideiualt-. 10

- haspinm cordaiuni, JH5

Ihlaspi arveiisf. 21
Tiarella nnifdliata. 55
'I'utieldia f^hitiiiD.sa. 125
'I'tienlalis Amtriiana, <)0
Trifoliiini hyliridnni, ^i
'rrifuliuni pratense. 140
I rifdJiiim rfptns. ^1
TroIIiiis jaxiis, 10"
1 riixinion aiirantiamm, 305
'Iroximon glaiauni, 305

\'.M( jniiini C.I -piiusuni, 155

VaLciniiini nif mhranaceiim, 355

\ aniiiiiini Myitillus, 15^

Wi.cininni <nalifii]iiim, ^50

WiiLiniuni \"itis-Ida'a. 155

\'aleriana siicliensis. O7

Valeriana sylvatica. 67

\'t.talriiiii viride. 126

\'eronica alpina. 244

\>ronica serpyltifolia. 247

Vthiiriium paiiciflorum, 344
Vicia Anieriiana, 20S
\'icia Cracta, roS
Viola adunca, 197
Viola Canadensis, 21
Viola cognata. 192
Vi.)Ia glabt-lla, 271

/vgadenns elegans, 131
/yyadeniis vtnenosus. 13'

iNi)i:x TO Hxr.i.isii \.\Mi;s

Adder's Tongue, Vullow. jiS
Alum-root, 56
Andrnsace, Alpinu. cjo
Androsaee, Sweet, 90
.Aiieniuiie, .\lpiiie. 9
Anemone, Few rimvered, ',
Anemone, Western, 4
Aplopappus, 2S6
Arnka, Alpine, 2.,S
Arniua. (.'hamisso'-i, J^^S
Amim, Heart leaf. J97
Arnica. Parry's, j^S
Arrow wood. J44
Ash. Western Moum.un. ij6
Asphodel. I. '5
Aster. Alpin'-. 6S
Aster, Kngelmann'^, jrj
Aster, Fremont's, 214
Aster, Hairy (ioltlen. jSd
Aster, Large I'urple. 2\ 5
Aster. I.eafy-bracted, ^14
Aster, White. fiS
Avens. l-ar^^e leaved. J75
Avens, I,nn^ plumed. 14J
Axens. \'e!I(iw. 275

lijneberry. Red, ;: 5
Hearberry. Alpine. 159
Bearberry, Red. 150
Beard-tongue, Blue. 244
Beard-tongue, i.arge I'urple. 24
Beard-tongue, ^'ellow, 509
Hedstraw. N{)rlliern. 6j
Bedstraw, Sweet-si erued. 67
Betony, Wood, 174
Bilberry. Alpine, 155
Bilberry IJwarf. 155
Bistort, Alpine, too
Bladder pod. 26S
Bleeding-heart. Wild. I v?

Blueberry, 350
Urunella, 24S
But kbean. 95
Buffalo-berry, <'anad.i. '\(i\
Bunch berry, (ti
Buttercup, Macuun's. 2t>o
Buttercup. Meadiiw. 2V»
liiiitercup. Snow. 2(10
Biitterwort, 2 17

Calypso. 177
CampiDn. Moss. M7
Campion. While, zz
(."atchrty. Nighl [lowering, 22
Cherry. Ch(jke. ^24
Chickweed, Alpine. 2S
Chickweed. Field. 27
Cinqiiefoil. Alpine. 271)
Cinquefoil, ConiTnoii. 27()
Cinquefoil. Rough. 279
Cinquefoil. Shrubby. ^;>o
Cinquefoil, Small, 279
Cinquefoil. Tall. 43. 279
Cinquefoil. WuoHv, 279
Clematis. Wild, 1S5
Clover. Alsatian. 31
Clover. Red, 140
Clover. White. ,51
Club-moss, Creeping. 37^
< 'hib moss. Stiff", 375
<'ollinsia. Small-flowered, 243
Coltsfoot. Arctic. So
Coltsfoot. Arrow-leaf. So
Coltsfoot. I'alm leaf. .So
Columbine. Blue, |iji
Columbine. Western, i^.
Columbine, \ellow. 2(12
(.,'omandra. Swamp, ic,
Comandra, White, 10^
Coral-root, io,l

3'S2

IM'i;X K) IMWISIl NAMKs

*<>i-y(ialis. (;.,lii j(,,,
l"lli>iVKniss, j7,

Cow rittsiiip, 6i
I'ranlicrry, MoijiHain, J55
Cranberry, Smiill. 1 j(,
Crane's bill, Cari)lina, 1J9
Crow-herry. Mlack, ]6>)
Cr.iwfo.il. Creupiiig; ;:f,i
Cmwfc.ol. Waltr, ;6i
Croufocr. \'ell„w, .■61
Curraiii. Red. J5S

llaisy, Oxeye. 74
I'aiidelioii, Alpine, 30.',
dandelion. Common, 505
I>andeiion, Cupper False, :o;
llandelion, l.ar ■.•-flu.vered kiKe

3°S
Devil's Cluli. ;;,s

l>i.sporum, kough-fruiled, j6j

Dotk, Western, 569

I'ogwood, Red-stemmed, ^45

I'ryas, Driimniond's, j;-

I'ryas, While, ;S

Klder, Mlaek berried, 544
Klder, Ked berried, 343
Eriogonum. llvvarf, 100
Kriogotuim, Tall, too
Kverlasting, .Mpirie, 73
Everlasting, Mountain, 73
Everlasting. Mouse ear, 73
Everlasting, I'early, 74
Everla.sting, Eink,'i5.
Everlasting. White, 73

Klas, Wild. i.j.S

Fleabane. Alpine. :;o

Eleabane. .Vrctiu, 220

Fleabane, Hlue, 2nj

Fleabane, Daisy. 6,S

Fleabane. Large Purple. 220

Fleabane. Lavender. 220
Fleabane. Rough. 152
Flylloneysiitkle. Hush. 3TO
Fly-lloneysuikle. Involucred. 349
forget me-not. False. 234
Forget-me-nol. True. 240

.Hilar

d. 2.„

Jia. (i.eal ll.
Carlit. Pink. 1S2
liarlK. Purple. 235
<".-riti;iii. Alpitif. _• ;o
(ifntidii, IJliie. Jjj"
(ifiiliaii. Owarf. jjo
<;tiitiaii, Fo»r-p:ir!i'd. -jo
('tniian. I-aigt, ^j -
(-lentia?). Macnun's. 221)
(uMUiaii. N'uriht'ni, 2 ;o
<ifr;iniimi, WliiiL-. 31
(Hobe Fluwc-r. to
(M>at\ Heard. 329
Ciildeii-rod. Canada. :S9
(M'ldt-n-rtid, Field. 290
<!oldeii-iod. dray, jyj
(ioltlKii rod, .Muiintain. 2<)0
(i<jldeii-rod, Norliieni, 290
(inoseberry, linMly, -jjjS
fliapt, kotky Mntmiairi. j;^
('•rd^s. Hkie-eyt'd. 251
'Irass, Sfiuirrel-tail. 374
Crniindsel, lilack tipptd. 301
<;i<-undsel. Silvery. 301

riardieil. 225

Hauk.sbfaid. Alpinu. 30:

Mawksbeard. .Many-fl-)\vei-ed. pj

Hauksbeard. Naktd-Mt-ninied. 502

Ilawkweed. Hairy. 302

Hawkweed. Small, ^05

llealh, While. So

Heather. I'ink False. ir.o
HeailiLT. Red False. [59
Heather, White False. 85
Hedysarum. Ma. keii/ie's, 140
Hedysarum. I'lirple. 207
Hedysarum. White. 37
Heliotrope, White. 67
Heliotrope. Wild. 67
Hellebore, False. 126
Honeysuckle. Smooth-leaved, i^i
Horsetail. Field. 375

Juniper. 370

Labrador Tea. Smooth leaved. 3=6
I.ah.ador Tea. Woolly, 355 "

l-adif> Ire.s.ses. rcr

iNDi::

H) i:.\(;i iMi namk:

I.iidy's Siippt^r, l.at«t- Vello«.
Lady's Slipper. .Mniiniaiii, [i |
Lady's Slipper, Pjnk. i 7S
Lady's Slipper, Small Vt-IIuw. ;
Lanil)'s (^)uarlfrs, ijg
larkspur, liluf. 19:^
Larkspur, Mountain, r^i

Laurel, Swamp. 160
Leptarrheiia, 50

Lily. I'hihidelpliia. ji |

Lily. Western. _^;, 7"

i.ily. Velluw r.iiid. jr,5

Lot»etia, iironk, jj^

Lotn-weed, J72

Linisewort. Contnrtt.d. 9O

Luiisewort. White. 96

Liin^iworl. Tall. :r ^^

Lyall's KarLii. 570

Mare's Tail. 367
Marsh-Marigold, :62
Meadtnv-riie. ro
Melilot. Yellow. -,
Meii/ifsia. Smooth, -/lo
Milfoil. Spiked Water, 5^7
^lint, Wild Canada. 2.4s
Miire-wurt, False. ,5
Mitre-wort, True, 55
Munkey-riower. Ked. 165
Monkey-tlower. Vellow, jio
Mustard. Hedj;e. 267
Mu.sl;ird, Treacle, 367
Mustard. Wild. ::6,S

Nettle. Iledfie, 25!

Orchis. Fly-spotted, 17S
Crchis, Giant. 1 14
f)rrhis, Leafy. 10.S
Orchis. Long-hracted, loS
Orchis. Small. loS
Orchis. White Hog. rij
Orthocarpus, Velluw. jto
Oxytrope, Alpine. 207
Oxytrnpe. Inflated. 204
fJxytrope, Showy. 207

Paint brush. Red Indian. 166
Paint-brush, White Indian. 170

i'aiiileiluip. Hradlmiy-^ 17;

I'ainted-cup. Itrighi, i'7o
I'arna,s>us, Alpine (Jrass of, 61
l'amavMi>. Frinnfd firass of, Ci
l'arn.iSMi>. Mursh Crass of. 56
Paisley. Wild. 61
I'arsnij). Meadow. JS5
I'asijiie Flower. 1.S6
Pfdicularis. Long beaker

JV

Hiy cres^

73

Persicatia. Water. jCS

Pli.'teliu. Mountain, 2 j ,

Plantain, Common. ',>)

Plantain. I'ale. gg

Plantain. Rattlesnake. 107

Plantain. Small Raiik-nake. 107

Poppy. Arctic, j6(,
I'rimrose. Rird'seye. U,^
Primrose. Dwarf Canadiai
Primrose, Evening. 2S2
Puccoon, Narrow-leaved. 309

up.

. I (.4

Ragwort, (liant. ;,oi
Ragwort, (iold.n, 29S
Raspberry. Arctic. 143
Raspberry, (.'reeping. ^S
Kattle. Vellow. :

Rhododendron. While Mountain. 556
Rock-ciess. Alpine. 1 ■:

\lpi
Kock-cress. Ilrumnumd's
Kock-cress, Hairy. r6
Rock-tress. Stony. 15
Konianzotfia. 05
Rose. Macoun's, 335
Rose. Prickly, 350
Rosewort. 144

Salmnn-berrv, ^9
Sandwort, Arctic, 27
Sandwort. Roik, 27
Saxifrage, Alpine. 50
Saxifrage. Common. 4?
Saxifrage. Lyall's. 44
Saxifrage. Mountain. 213
Saxifr.age. Nodding. 44
Saxifrage, 'I'all. 4.,

3»4_

^axifragf, \ ell,,„,
^tirviic btrry, jj;
Nliepherd's I'lirse, if,
Shnoiing Star, 165
'Silver berry, ^fjo
Silver weed. 276
Siif>w-berry. ^44
S..I,)moii'» Seal. Fal.se. mo
Si.rrel. jCg

Spearwon. Creepiin., ^f>i
Speedwell. Aljjine. r ||
Speedwell, -nivme leaved - ,7
Spikenard. IK,
Spir.x'a. .\lpine. 57
Spir.xa. Ilirih-leaved. J7
Spring Heaucy, ;,s
Star-flower. t,o
Stenanthiiim. ij6
Stichw-ort. J7
Stiek.seed. 23,,
Stonecrop. 2H0
Strawberry lllne. ;6,S
Strawberry. Wild. 45
Sunflower. Giant. _■,,)

Tellima. 50

Tliislle. Sow. jofi

■I'hi.slle. Wavy-leaved. - -o

I histle. White, Xo
Tvvayblade, Broad-lipped. ,04
1 wayblade. Heart leafed. ,04

I wni flower. Northern , |.s
Twi.sted.,talk. Cnrved, i.Si
I wisted-.stalk, I'ink, i.Si

I »-,-sled -stalk, Short-stemmed, ,S,
I wisled-atalk, White. 1,4

Vacjinittin. lihuk, 555
\'etch. Alpine. 204

IM'IA TO K.\(;i,i.sn .vi.v,^■,.^

Vetth, Arclk. jj
Vetch, Asceiidini;, ;oi
Vet.h, Cow, ,oS ^

\i:l'h. Indian, jj
Vet, h. Macoun',,, 204
\'et, h. I'urple. .-04
Vetch. Slender. .-04
\etch. While, J.
Violet, Canada, 21
\'ioIet, Dog, 1(^7
Viotet. Karly l:hie, ,,,-.
\'i"let, Vellovv, ;7,

\\'ater-crBss, 15
Whitlow-gras.s, Alpine, ^68
Whitlow-grass, <;olden, j68
Whitlow Krass, White, 16
"ilh.wherb. Alpine. 147
\Vilh,w-herl,<;reat. ,44
Wilhiwherb. Ilorneni.iim-,
Wiilowherb. I'ink, 14-
W'illowherb, Water, 14-
Wilh.w herl). VeMoi,'. js..
Wind-flower, 4

Wintergreen, (Jreen flowered ,S-
Winteigreen, "ne-flowered, ,sV ^
>\ mtergreen. One sided, tifi
Wintergreen, lied, ift,
Wintergreen. Small. ,%
Wormwood, Hiennial, j,j
W'ormwood, Creeii. 79
Wormwood, I'aslure, 7,)

4»

\'arrow. 74

Zygadene, I'oisonons, 1
Zygadene, Tall. ,ji

iMKS