CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) r UtiDitnl Mltioiipniia>«»iiai) ^Mum ■— ' wlMn«ialaiiLVMianavarDoaalila.«iaaali«> (■■■I onMad tan Rrnhg / 1 aa paul qua oarialraa pagaa Uanohaa atouMaa toa . » 1.0 L25 lu Lt8 L6 ^ /iPPUED M\/HGE Inc ins Ewt note StrM (7tt) 4li - 0300 - Ptmm ADDRESS DtUvtrtd at the Annual Meet- ing of the B. C. PnUt Qrmmt^ AiBoetatUm, at Vielorta, B.C., • • January 7th, 1913 * • ^ By MR. THOMAS CUNNINGHAM liuptctm of Pntt PnU '"11 PROVINCIAL ' II LIBRARY {VICTORIA, »r i Ul ' -,— ■ -''hX .Mi» ADDRESS Mhtndltlu Annual Mtttlng of tht B.C. FnUt Qnmtnf AuodtMon m VkltHa, B.C., Jmmay 7th, 1913 MR. THOMAS CUNNINGHAM Mtnerot or noir ntn I SmbutafOy Ktr4uM at tU \ ' Central Parmen^ Imtitute, Victoria Jaiuuay t2nd, IBI3 33TS ADDRESS Mr. Preiident and Gentlemen :— It ii not my usual custom to read an address, nor would I do CO now were i» not that I am dealing with a subject of the utmost importance and far-reaching consequences to the great Fruit industry of British Columbia. The quota- tions and references, which I shall use, must be accurately -eported, therefore I believe it right and proper that what I ">»y *>« «ble to present to you today should be reduced to writing, so as to be available to all fruit-growers of the Province, many of whom cannot I ith us at this annual gathering. Ever since the creation of man, and in all ages of man on earth, we have evidence from remotest antiquity that the agriculturist and horticulturist have suffered enormous loss by the depredation of dk i 'ructive insects and plant diseases. No country in the worid, as far as is Icnov/n, is free from this scourge. Animals, including man, and plants suffer from infection. Probably there is no part of the world that has suffered more than North America, particularly the United Sutes. The annual loss due to insect pests in the United Sutes, as published by the ,.-thority of tne United States Department of Agriculture, now reaches the enormous r m of $1,272,- 000,000. This is more than the entire expenditure of the National Government, including Pension Roll and the maintenance of the Army and Navy. I quote from the authority of Professor C. L. Marlatt in the Journal of Economic Entomology, 1909. and the same author in the Year Book of the Department of Agriculture of 1904. HBOVINCiAt. UtJRARl >rtcntmiKB.G. 189890 Th* qvMtioa will natanlly arlM why th* Unhtd StatM raffer more tkan othtr coantrias. The fea*on it catjr of explanation. It if owing largely to the enterpritc of the agricnlturit)! and horticnituriiti in learching the world for new varictiei of fruiti, cereals, plants and vegeubles. Hun- dreds of species not common to this continent have been brought in from other parts of the world, including the Orient, the Mediterranean, Africa and as far north as Siberia. Australasia also haa contributed largely to the list of economic ptanu of great value which have been brought into the States with the view of increasing the value of the products of the soil. Many of these plants were infected with Scale and Bering insects which are kept under control by predaceous insects in their native country. Nearly all the predaceous insects fly, while the Scales a' State of iniectt or diieues or aaiouls injnrioas to fmit or fruit-trees, vinei, bushes or vegetables, providing for a quarantine for the enforcement of this Act, nuldng a violation of the terms of the Act a mis- demeanor, and providing a penalty therefor: providing that said Act shall be an urgency measure and go into effect im- mediately, and repealing that ceruin Act, entitled 'An Act for the protection of Horticulture, and to prevent the introduction into this State of insects or diseases or animals injurious to fruit or fruit-trees, vines, hushes or vegetables, and to provide for a quarantine for the enforcement of this Act,' approved March 11, 1899." lectioB 1 provides: "Any person, persons, firm or corporation who shall receive, bring or cause to be brought into the State of California, any nursery stock, trees, shrubs, plants, vines, cuttings, grafts, scions, buds cr fruit pits, or fruit or vegetables, or seed, shall immediately after the arrival thereof notify the state commissioner of horticul- ture, or deputy quarantine officer, or quarantine guardian of the • eomrty in which rach tmnttj nock, or Iniit or Tege- tabl*!, or M«d are recehred, of their urinl, ind hold the nme wjthoat oimeceanrily aunriiiK the •ame, or pladng inch irtidet where thejr majr be htrmfnl, for the immediate Inipection of nch lUte commiuloner of bortlcnitare, or depaty qnarantiae officer or gnardlan. Provided, howcTcr, that all articlea of noreery etock, treee, thmba, plant*, irinei, nttinga, grafti, iciont, bnda, fruit pita, fraiti, vegetablea or leed which are infeitcd or infected with nch •peciet of injnrioui insecti or their eggi, larvK or pnpc or other animal or plant diaeaie which may be or be liable to be injorlont to the orchard!, vineyardi, garden! or farm* within aaid State, •hall be destroyed or reshipped out of the tute ai hereinafter pro- vided. The aaid officer so nuking an inspection shall not permit any of the described articles so coming in contact with aaid infested or infected articles or any articles which might convey infection or infestation to be removed or taken from any sack car, warehouse, depot, ship, dock, wharf or any other phce until snch infection or Infestation shall have been destroyed." Bectioa 3: "Each carload, case, box, package, crate, bale or bundle of trees, shrubs, pbnts, vines, cuttings, grafts, aciona, buds or fruit pits, or fruit or vegeubles, or seed imported or brought into this state, shall have plainly and legibly marked thereon in a conspicuous manner and place the name and address of the shipper, owner, or owners or peraon forwarding or ahipping the aame, and alao the name of the peraon, firm or corporation to whom the same la forwarded or ahipped, or hia or ita reaponsible agents, also the name of the county, state or territory where the contents were grown and a statement of the contents therein." > 4: "When any shipment of nursery stock, trees, vines, pknts, shrubs, cuttings, grafts, scions, fmit pits, vegeMbles or seed, or any other horticaltnral or agricultural product passing through any portion of the Sute of California in transit, is infested or in- fected with any species of injurious insects, their eggs, larvae or pupae or animal or plant disease, which would cause damage, or be liable to cause damage to the orchards, vineyards, gardens or farms of the SUte of California, or which would be or liable to be, detrimental thereto or to any portion of said state, or to any of the orchards, vineyards, gardens or farms within said sUte, and there exists danger of dissemination of such insects or disease while such shipment is in transit in the State of California, then such ahipment ahall be placed within aealed containera, compoaed of metallic or other material, ao that the same cannot be broken or opened, or be liable to be broken, or opened, so as to permit any of the said shipment, insects, their eggs, larvie or pnpc or — ' 1 or plant disease to escape from such sealed containers and «k* nU oMMlMn ik^ aot fe* epM«d «hlk witUa Ibi taM of Cdifonja.* •t "Ho p«naa, pntoai, lame white fly (Aleyrodci citri) if widely diitributed in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georiia, Florida, Alabama, Miuisiippi, Louiiiana and Texaa; and, WHEREAS, it haa been received into California on nursery itoek from North Carolina and MiHistippi, and, WHEREAS,, another apeciei of the white fly (Aleyrodea nnbifcra) ia present in Florida, and, WHEREAS, both of theae white fliei are serious pests, being re- garded in Florida as second to none in their injurious work on citrus and other trees; and, WHEREAS, there is great danger of introducing "Aleyrodea citri" into the citrus groves of California on plants or nursery stock from each of the states aforesaid at the present time; and, WHEREAS, there is danger of said "Aleyrodes nubifera" being introduced into California from Florida, and into the South Atlantic and Gulf States from Florida, and from thence into California; therefore, it is DECLARED: That a horticultural quarantine b« and is hereby established against fruits and vegetables (excepting tomatoes), nursery stock, scions, grafts, buds, cuttings, fruit pits, orange seeds, trees, vines, plants and shrubs of all kinds imported from the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, or any other section known to harbor either "Aleyrodes dtri" or "Aleyrodes nubifera," or both, into the State of California; all quarantine guardians and deputies of the State Horticultural Commission are hereby instructed and required to hi^ any and all such fruits and vegetables (excepting tomatoes), nursery stock, scions, grafts, buds, fruit pits, orange seeds and plants of all kinds, subject to the order of the shippers or owners thereof, for exportation out of the State, or to be destroyed." "QunatiiM Ofdw Na, 14— AogaM 13, 1«&* WHEREAS, the alfalfa fields of the following counties of Utah: Salt Lake, Tooele, Juap, Uuh, Wasatch, Summitt, Davis, Mor- gan, Weber, Boxelder, Cache and Rich; of the two counties of Idaho: Oneida and Bear Lake; and of Uintah County in the State of Wyoming are infested with the alfalfa weevil (Phy- tonomus posticus); and. WHBREAS, the dcruUtion o( tUi inwct h Tcry wrioiu, often niininc the entire crop, and, WHEREAS, oar ilfaUa prodact U very imporUnt, the ettimtted cuh vahie the preient year being a little ihort of $501000^10; and, WHEREAS, there it danger of oar receiving thii peat throngh the importation of alfalfa hay from the conntiu aforenid, a< de- termined by the chief deputy of thii Commission, who haa viaited and thoroughly >tudie<: the conditions in the devaatated area; THEREFORE, it is declared that a quarantine be, and the tame is hereby established against all alfalfa hay from the several counties hereinbef >re mentioned of Utah, Idaho and Wyoming. All horticultural commissioners, local inspectors and deputies of the State Horticultural Commission are hereby instructed and required to refute thipment into the State of California of all alfalfa hay from the said quarantined counties. If such hay it thipped into the State by any owrsight, it must at once be destroyed or returned to the thipper. All trantporUtion com- paniet are ordered to refuse for shipment intu California any alfalfa hay from the said infected counties." Sacramento, Cal. (A. J. COOK.) State Commissioner of Horticulture. ■V "QnannUa* (Mat Ma 10— Janauy 29, WU." WHEREAS, There exists in the nnrreriet of Santa Clara, Al- ameda, Santa Crux and San Mateo counties a teriout iniect pett, known at the California or Wettem peach tree Borer, "Sanninoidea pacific" Riley; and, WHEREAS, Several affected trees have been thipped from aaid nurseries into other counties of Califotnia within the past few days; and, WHEREAS, Said inieet it a teriout enemy of all atone-fruit treet, aa the boren girdle or teriouily wound the crown of infetted' peach, phim, apricot, prune, nectarine, cherry and almond treet; and, WHBREAS, Thit caterpillar or borer it not known to be a pett in other coantiei and itt introduction would be a teriout injury, and mutt be retitted; and, WHEREAS, The borer when young and tmall will elude the kecnett inipection; therefore, it it hereby ORDBRBD, directed tod decUred: Tli«t « qunntine bt ud tb* •anw i* hereby uUblUhed in accordance with Section 2319b of the PoUtlcal Code of the Sute of CaUfomia, against the •hipnMnt of peach, phim, apricot, prone, nectarine, cherry and almond trcci from any of the aforeiaid conntiea" (A. J. COOK,) State Commiuioner of Horticaltare. Sacramento, CaL These are fair samples of the Quarantine Regulation* that have been enforced by the horticultural authorities of California. But they were not satisfied with their own State Law. A movement was set on foot early in 1912 to bring pressure to bear upon the Federal Government to pass a general quarantine Act covering t^e importation of plants and plant products throughout the United Stotes. This Act was approved by the President of the United Sutes, August 20th, 1912. The time allotted to me will not permit of reciting the provisions of the ••-tire Act. I will, therefore, content my- self with giving you quoutions from the most important sections : 1 4: 'That no person shall ship, or deliver for shipment from one sute or territory or district of the United Sutes into any other sute or territory or district, any sncb imported nursery stocic, the case, box, package, crate, bale or bundle whereof is not plainly marked so as to show the general nature and quantity of the con- tents, the name and address of the consignee, and the country and locaUty where such stock was grown, unless and until such im- ported stock has been inspected by the proper official of a sUte, territory, or district of the United States." Section 5: "That whenever the SecreUry of Agriculture shall determine that the unrestricted importation of any plants, fmits, vegetables, roots, bulbs, seeds, or other plant producu not included by the term 'nursery stock" as defined in Section 6 of this Act may result in the entry into the United SUtes or any of its terri- tories or districts of injurious plant diseases or insect pests, he shall promulgate his determination, specifying the class of plants and plant products the imporution of which shall be restricted and the country and locality where they are grown, and thereafter, and until such promulgation is withdrawn, such plants and plant products imported or offered for import into the United Sutes or any of its territories or districts shall be subject to all the U prorWoiu o( th* fonioiag KCtioiu of tbit Act; praridtd. Ilut befor* tht SccrcUry of Atricakarc thall promalgite hit ute, territory, or district of the United Statei, or any portion thereof, when he shall determine the fact that a dangerous plant disease or insect infestation, new to or not theretofore widely prevalent or distributed within and throughout the United States; exists in such state or territory or district; and the Secretary of Agriculture is directed to give notice of the establishment of such quarantine to common carriers doing business in or through such quarantined area, and shall publish in such newspapers in the quarantined area as he shall select notice of the establishment of quarantine. That no person shall ship or offer for shipment to any common carrier, nor shall any common carrier receive for transportation or transport, nor shall any person carry or transport from any quarantined state or territory or dis- trict of the United States, or from any quarantined portion thereof, into or through any other state or territory or district, any class of nursery stock or any other class of plants, fruits, vegetables, roots, bulbs, seeds, or other plant products speciiied in the notice of quarantine except as hereinafter provided. That it shall be un- lawful to move, or allow to be moved, any class of nursery stock, or any other class of plants, fruits, vegetables, roots, bulbs, secdsi or other plant products specified in the notice of quarantine bet9 inbefore provided, and regardless of the use for which the same is intended, from any quarantined state or territory, or district of the United States, or quarantined portion thereof, into or through any other state or territory or district, in manner or method or under conditions other than those prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture." Under authority of this Act, the Secretary o{ Agriculture for the United States has quarantined large sections of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. This quarantine embraces coniferous trees, such as spruce, fir, hemlock, pine, juniper. c«d«r, arbor vit«, knd decorative planU, tuch a* holly and Uurel; foreit plant prodncti, tuch at Icp, tan-bark, poiU, polea, railroad tics, cordwood and lumber, and all field- grown florists' stock, trees, shrubs, vines, cuttings and other plant producU for planting or propagation, and these shall not be moved or allowed to be moved, inter-sute, or to any point outside the quarantined area, until such planU and plant products have been inspected by the United Sutes Department oJ Agriculture, and pronounced free from the Gypsy Moth. Every crate, box, bale or other bundle of plant products, of which inspection is required by these regulations, shall be plainly marked with the name and address of the consignor, and shall bear a certificate show- mg that the contents have been inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture. Carload or other bulk shipments of plants and plant pro- ducts, for which inspection is required, shall not be trans- ported or offered for transportation inter-sUte, by cars, boats or other vehicles, unless each bhipment is accom- panied by a certificate showing that the plantt and plant products have been inspected by the United Sutes Depart- ment of Agriculture, and pronounced to be free from moth infestation. Certificates of inspection will be issued only for plants and plant products which have been actually in- spected by the United States Department of Agriculture. On November 2Sth, 1912, until further notice, by virtue of said Section 8 of the Act of Congress, approved August 20, 1912, it shall be unlawful to move in inter-sUte com- merce, any of the above described plants or plant producta from the areas herein quarantined, except in accordance with these regulations and amendments thereto. On the 20th September, 1912, the Secretary of Agri- culture issued a quarantine against the plant disease known as "Potato Wart," "Potato Canker," "Black Scab," and so forth, prohibiting the importation into the United Sutes of poUtoes from Newfoundland; the Islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon; Great Britain, including England, Scotland. 9^ WtlM and Ireland; Gcrmuiy and Anstria-Hnnnry. Th* qaarantine reada a« follow*: A-Zr* **7'"*' [' *'"•• "• «•»•• *«**•« ^"*»r of Atrlcalinn, nndcr nithoritjr conferred by Section 7 of the Act Wrojed A.^., n. IMJ. known .. the 'PUnt 0«r.ntlne Act. doherebjr decbre that it !• neceiMry. in order to prevent the IntrodncUon into the United Slite.. of the diieue known I^lf.tS'!i.^*"'" ■'"'','"'' '^"'"'■•" ■^'«'' S^'b' "d » forth, to forbid the imporution into the United Stetee from the here- inbefore named eoantriei, of the following specici, namely, the common Irish Pouto, 'Solanum tuberoinm.'" Quarantine No. 2, agsinst the Mediterranean Fruit Fly The United SUtes have quarantined their own favorite colony, the Territory of Hawaii. The quarantine reads ai follows: aJ^IZ' """^°": '■ *^"'" "• ""^ '^«''»« s««"««'y of Agrienltnre, under the authority conferred by Section 8 of the Act approred Auguat 20, 1912, known a. The PUnt Quarantine Act, do hereby quarantine laid Territory of Hawaii, and do prohibit, by thi. notice of quarantine No. 2, under the authority and ditcretion conferred on the SecreUry of Agriculture by «M Section 8 of the Act of Congr... approved Augu.t 20. th^i-l »o»«n«nt from the Territory of Hawaii tato o StlSf of L ?*.^ St'te, Territory, or Di.tric. of the United P^Tp^u*.- • '""•■ "•^•' "«""""• •»" <""«' Alligator peara Carambolas Chiaete ink berry Chiaeie orange CUaeae plums Coffee berries Damson plum Bugeaiaa Figs Grapes Grapefruit Green peppers Gtuvas Kamani aeeda Kumqnatr, "Hereafter, and Section 8 of the Act Limes Loquats Mangos Mock orange Mountain apple Natal, or Kafir, plum Oranges Papaya Peaches Persimmons Prickly pears Rose apple Star apple String beans Tomatoes until further notice, by virtue of said of Congress approved August 20. 19I2i it U •ktU h« ■■lawM to men ur of A* lnil% —•- <, ngtUUM, or otlur pimat prodacU htrtia nuMd from tk* Ttrritory of HiwaJi Into or throofli uty olkcr But*, Tarritonr, or Diatrkt of tbt Uoittd Sums, rtftrdhu of th« im for which Iha wmt U iattadtd." Don* at WuhiaitoB this 18th day of Stptnabar, inz Witaau my haad aad the taal of tht U. 8. Dapartmcat of AgikaltBrc. WIIXBT M. HAYS, Actlag Sacratary of Agrkaltara. QwmMia* (Mar Na (--Tk* Cettan BaU Waata' la ordar to prerant tha introduction of the cotton boll weavil, "Aathonomu frandit," into the State of Arliona, it ii hereby ordered; (a) That the introduction of cotton leed into the State of Ariiona from any other atate or territory, or from, any foreign country, in which the cotton boll weevil ie known to exist, ii hereafter prohibited. (b) That thii quarantine order ehall be immediately effective upon proper notification of pcrione concerned, againtt tha fol- lowing itatei and conntrici: Texae, Oklahoma, Arkaniaa, Louiiiana, MiMittippi, Alabama, Florida, Republic of Mexico, Guatemala, CotU Rica and Cuba. (e) That thit quarantint order (hall be extended to any itatc, territory or country in which the cotton boll weevil may here- after be discovered, upon public announcement by tha Arizona State Entomologiit (d) That alt penoni, firme or corporation! in the State of Ariiona are prohibited from having poiteiiion of, transporting, selling or giving away any cotton seed introduced into the State in violation of this order. (Adopted November 1, 1912). -Qoatantina Ordar Ma 6-CalifoniU Sad and YaUow Icaiaa.' In order to prevent the introduction of either the California red (Chrysomphahis aurantii), or the yellow scale (Chrysomphalus anrantii var. dtrinus) into the State of Arizona, it is hereby ordered: (a) That the ratroduction of citrus nursery stock, either budded or seedling, into the State of Arizona, from any county in the ■MM al CkWonii, wMllk* •I TilM* tmt Wtmm, (k) Tlwt Ikto otdn ikall aot kt iGiilrii< M MMfMn wkh Ibi vWoat ol Ik* Afifow «ra|> fttt km fttiMktaloi Ik* hu|M lioa o' IpataM of tack aattriil al dMdaMiaa. (c) TkM in ptnou, Snu, or corponllaa* la Ik* SUM of Ariaoaa at* pfokiaiMd ffOM kavta^ po*****ioa od ivaaspoflMii* ■aUnic or ghriag awajr aajr citra* sMak failio4B*c4 kilo Ik* Smm ki TMalioa oi Ikli ordir. (Adoplad Nonaktr 1, 19U). tain infetution it ture to follow. In a word, under our pretent tyttem it it utterly im- pottible to guarantee the protection of the vountry from the introduction of the Codling Moth and the Peach Worm. I think the time hat arrived when we thould tcck greater protection from the Dominion Government. In doing to, we arc following the lead of California and the United Sutei Federal Government. Surely we can make no mia- take in adopting protective meaturra which are now being rigidly enforced by our neighbort, with whom wt are in conttant communication. I have, therefore, drafted the following resotnHoti, which I will lubmit for the conaideration of thii Convention: WHEREAS, The policy of the Dominion Government of Canada and the Provincial Government of Britith Co- lumbia, retpeetively, hat been for many yeart directed toward th«! encouragement of immigration into thit Province, and; WHEREAS, The aforetaid Govemmentt have jointly and teverally, by exhibitiont, lectures, circular lettert, bul- letins and other meant, pointed out to the intending settlers the splendid advantages that British Columbia offers, by reason of her climate, 3oil, geographical position and extensive markets, and ; WH'EREAS, Both the aforetaid Govemmenu have from time to time, by numeroua methods, held out to the intending fcttlera unmiataktble utarance that the frait induitry would be fostered and protected by sacli legii- lation as may be found necessary in the dcrelopmcnt of the horticultural industry, and; WHEREAS, The effect of such assurance has resulted in large and ever-increasing areas of agricultural land be- ing planted in orchards— many millions of dollars have been invested and numerous settlers of a very superior character have embarked in the fruit industry, greatly to the advantage of the Dominion and the Province, and; WHEREAS, The importation of trees and plants during the three years landing December 31, 1911, reached the enormous total of 8,975,663, which, when added to the output of our local nurseries, will swell the total to considerably over 10,000,000 trees and plants, (this is the best evidence of the great expansion of the fruit industry) and; WHEREAS, There is undoubted evidence before this Association that this valuable ir lustry is now, and has been for some time, threatened with very serious dan- ger by the importation of insect pests and diseases in fruit and fruit packages infected with such pests as Codling Moth, "Carpocapsa pomonella," which attacks apples, pears, crab-apples and quinces, also several destructive Scale insects, such as "Aspidiotus pemi- ciosus," "Aspidiotus rapax," "Saissetia olese," "Lepi- dosaphes ulmi" and several other Scales of economic importance, also the very destructive Peach Worm, technically known as "Anarsia lineatella," which is reported by the Horticultural authorities of California as being responsible for the annual destruction of from twenty-five to thirty per cent of the entire peach crop of California, and ; WHEREAS, The iqiminence of the danger of the intro- duction of these destructive pests is abundantly proved by the returns of fruit condemned for infection at the Port of Vanconver during the four yean ending De- cember 31, 1912, which are as followt: 1909. 1910. 1911 . 1912 Packages Decidnous Fruit 12351 8,394 7,199 16,949 Total number- 44393 besides some 27 cars intended for this marlcet, but were diverted by reason of their infection, the shippers not caring to run the risk of condemnation, and; WHEREAS, The United Sutes Federal Government, in ' Congress assembled in the month of August, 1912, did enact a General Quarantine Law, whereby nursery stock, plants, fruits, vegetables, bulbs, seeds or other plant products may be excluded from entering the United States and its territories when such nursery stock, plants, fruits, vegetables, bulbs, seeds or other plant products are shipped from any country known to be infected with diseases and insect pests not commonly found in the United States and its territories, and ; WHEREAS, The States of California and Arizona have al- ready put into force the provisions of the Federal Quar- antine Act, against the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, I