CIHM

ICIMH

Microfiche

Collection de

Series

microfiches

(l\/lonographs)

(monographies)

Canadian Instituta for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiqua*

Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibllographlques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of
the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming are
checked below.

n

Coloured covers /
Couverture de couleur

□ Covers damaged /
Couverture endommagde

□ Covers restored and/or laminated /
Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicula

Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque

I Coloured maps / Cartes g6ographiques en couleur

I I Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) /

Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

Coloured plates and/or illustrations /
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material /
Reli6 avec d'autres documents

D

D

D

Only edition available /
Seule Edition disponible

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along
interior margin / La reliure serr6e peut causer de
I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge
int^rieure.

Blank leaves added during restorations may appear
within the text. Whenever possible, these have been
omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages
blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration
apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait
possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film^es.

Additional comments /
Commentaires suppldmentaires:

L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a
6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem-
plaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibli-
ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite,
ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6tho-
de normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous.

I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur

I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es

□ Pages restored and/or laminated /
Pages restaurtes et/ou pellicul^es

0 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed /
Pages dteolortes, tachet^es ou piques

I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es

I i/| Showthrough/ Transparence

□ Quality of print varies /
Quality in^gale de I'impression

Includes supplementary material /
Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips,
tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages totalement ou
partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une
pelure, etc., ont *t* film^es k nouveau de fagon k
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

Opposing pages with varying colouration or
discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des
colorations variables ou des decolorations sont
filmtes deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image
possible.

D
D

D

This Knn Is filmtd at the radueUon ratio chackad balow /

C« documant aat film* au tau> da rMuction lndiqu« ct-daaaous.

lOx

14x

18x

22x

26x

30x

/

.19v

12x

16X

20x

24x

28x

Th« copy filmed h«r« has bMn raproduead thanks
to tha ganarosity of:

Library
Agriculture Canada

Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality
poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibiiity
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract apacificationa.

Original copiaa in printad papar eovars ara filmad
beginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha laat paga with a printad or illtiatratad impraa-
sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. Ail
othar original copiaa ara filmad beginning on tha
first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa-
sion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad
or illustrstad impraaaion.

Tha laat racordad frama on aach mierofieha
shall contain tha symbol — ^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or tha symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Mapa. piataa. charts, etc.. may be Aimed at
different reduction ratioa. Thoae too large to be
entirely included In one axpoaure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to
right and top to bottom, aa many framae aa
required. The following diagrama illuatrata ttie
method:

L'axamplaira film* fut reproduit grice k la
gAniroait* da:

Bibliothiqua
Agriculture Canada

Laa imagaa suivantae ont At* reproduitea avac la
piua grr id soin. compta tanu de la condition at
^'a la nettet* de I'exemplaira film*, at an
eonformit* avac laa conditiona du eontrat de
filmage.

Laa aRemplairaa originaux dont la eouvarture an
papier eat imprim4e sont film*s an commandant
par la piamier plat at an tarminant soit par la
damiire pege qui eomporte une ampreinte
d'inipreeaion ou d'illuatration, soit par la second
plat, salon la eas. Toua laa autrea ■xamplaires
originaux sont film*a an commandant par la
premiere pege qui eomporte une ampreinte
dimpreaalon ou d'illuatration at an tarminant par
la damlAre page qui eomporte une telle
empreinte.

Un dee symboiea suivants apparaltra sur la
demi*re imege de cheque microfiche, selon le
caa: le symbols — »• signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbole ▼ signifie "FIN".

Lee cartes, planchaa. tableaux, ate, pauvent *tra
film*a * dee taux de rMuction diffArants.
Lorsque le document eat trap grand pour 4tra
reproduit en un seul ciich*. il sat film* k partir
da I'angie supMeur gauche, de gauche i droite.
et de haut en baa. an pranant la nombre
d'imeges n^ceaaaira. Laa diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mAthode.

1 2 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

MiaOCOW RISOlUTKm TUT CHART

(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2)

^PPUSajM/^nP In

'65J Eo.i Mom str„i
Rochesfef. N** York 146QQ i,^.

("6) 482-0300 -PBon. ^^

('16) 288 - 5989 -To,

CIRCULAR No. 4.

PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURAL BRANCH).

INSECTS INJI^RIOIS TO ORCHARDS.

Bv W. II. Urmtai.n. I1.S..\.. I'.miioukiist .xu Kstomoixioist.

IT li;is lii'''ii I'siiiM.ilfd tliiit til.' aiumiil loss to farm croiw In Canada fnim the
ravaircs nf inscit pi'sts is snincwiii'i'- !ii tho iifltflilMiiirhiiod of .'(l.'.IKKMNKJ.
It Is tluTd'ofi' iilivlons that cvrr.v iira<iiia; orcliarilist slioiild Iw aii|iialiiti'il
with tin' most hnprovi'd motliods of i-oniliatin;; his iiiscct fiM's. In order to
Intj-lli'.'cntl.v aj.pl.v such rcnirdics. howcviT. It is ni'icssary for him to know a
llttli" aliont till' insects themselves, and something of their .striictnro and life-
history.

A little oliservation will sliow whether an Inseit Is injurious, neutral, or
whether uetually heneliclal. .Many of this latter class. Includlns ladybird
beetles, which prey uiion plant-lice, are anions the best friends the farmer
has.

A knowledse of the structure of insects is essential, for upo'i this depends,
to a very largi' extent, the methods adopted for their control. For this purpose.
Insects are divided Into two main classes: (1) Sucking-Insects. ,iiul (2» blting-
Inseets.

To the sui-kluclnsects belong the aphides, leaf-hoppers, mealy-busx. etc.,
whose mouth-parts are modified into a long sucklng-tulie, which pierces bem-ath
the skin of the food-plant and sucks up tlie juices within. Stom,'ich-|ioisons
wiiuld. of course, be of no avail against insects of this class, and conseipiently
some material nuist be applied that will kill them by contact. .VII Insects
breathe ihrougii tiny openings in the sides of their Iioilies. It is the object
of tlie contact sprays to plug up tin'se openings, enclose them In a film, or else
to destroy the inseits l)y means of the caustic action upon their bodies.

Biting insects Include :ill tliose forms that chew and swallow their fooil.
The various leaf-e;itiug cateriilllars belong to this cl:lss. As these lusi'<ts
actually t:iki' portions of the fiMiil-plant into their systems, they can he con-
trolleil by the use of stomach-poi.sons. like lead-arsenate. Soft-bodied biting-
Insects nniy S(Unetimes be destroyed by the use of contact sprays.

A knowledge of the life-history of an.v Insect pest Is necessary In order
to tell at what period In Its life It can be most readil.v. or cheapl.v. con-
trolled. Insects. In the course of their develo|)ment. pass through the following
stages : —

(l.> The first Is the egg stage, during wlilcli thi' Insect is usually Invulner-
able to attack, but during which some kinds nniy be successfully treated,

(2.) The egg hatches into wlnit is known as a larva. If tho adult Insect
Is n Hy. the larva is called a maggot; If a moth or butterfly, a caterpillar;

If i\ liiTili'. :i kTiili: iiiiil ciiliiT-i have iii> HiM-clii' iiaiiH'M. Tlic liirml wtiitfi' i*
till- t:n>wliii; unci I'l'i'ilinc imtIimI «( tin- Insert's \\U; wlifii tlir most liijmv Is
iloiif. iiml Is iisiiiilly tlic lliiii' wlii'ii tlit'.v (an Im- must cDiivi'iil.Mitly drsiriiji'il.

i;i. I Tin- thifil Nlai;.' Is llic |in|ial cir irsliii« l»'ricMl. ilnrintf wlilili llii-
Insert ri'maiiis i|iilesiint and takes no finMl. In this slatfc tlie larval mt'aiis
are broken down aiat linlll np a«aln Into the or»iiis of the ailnll.

(4.1 Tin' fourth staue is the adult, or i«'rfeit form. The adult Insect Is
nsnall.v wlniri'd. and diirlntf this jieriod there is no further iirowth. onl.v snlH-
eleid fiHid helm; taken to mainlaiii tlie vital aitlvitli's of tin' insect.

Some insects have no |ai|ial stade. and Iln- secoiai periiKl In their lifo Is
called a n.vinpli Instead of a larva. K.samidi's of this class of insects are
crasshoppers. .scaleinstHts. and aphides. Kxamples of those hnvln« all four
stap'S are the tent-caterpillar, fall wi^hworm. pi'ar-tri'e sin;;, itc.

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INSECT PESTS.

Tills, fr the farn.ers or frnlt-;:ro«er's slandpolid. Is the most im|iortant

side of thi' siihject. There are several ReiH'ral heading's innh^r which such

methods may he disiiissi'd. The follow inn an- a few of the st important: —

(1.1 Chun (•«////)•('. -This consists In Katherlm; all irop residues — prunins"-
etc. — and destroyliiK liy tire or tin- use i>f lime; by reinovlmr and huridiiK all
dead wcmmI ami hy scrapinir off the loose hark from tlii" trees.

ll'.t Miihiliiiiiiiifl the \ ihililii "f Hk' I'IiiiiIi. — As is the case with disi'ases.
plants weakein'd from any cause are less able to withstand the attacks of
insect ivests that) those In a visorons. thrifty <-oinlition. (Jreat growth does
not necessarily denote health or vltfoiir. awl a tree that has made ii goixl
normal siroivth is often In better condition than (Mie that has macb- a InrRe
sappy one. The srower sh(ailil therefore endeavour to so cultivate his trees

that they will imike a stiM'k.v. normal crowtli chai terlstlo of the particular

variety. I» it Invite winter injury hy late cultivation, late Irrigation, or

excessive prnidns. Hy observing these pri-cautions the grower will render more
Rlniiile the problem of keeping his trei-s free from insect ami fungous iiests.
Much has Immmi written conciTtdng the insect Icldal vaiin- of fertilizers, but It
Is probable that their chief value lies in the Inireased vigour they give the
pbiiitH.

CiA //(lH(^;)(c^(/l.f;.— This method is of value in tlie contnd of large, lenf-
eating caterpillars that come In loniparatively small mni'hers. hut may be
callable of devouring <-oiisiderablo foliage.

(4.) Triippiufi- — This has Imm-u successfully emiiloyed In the .•ontrol of such
Insei-ts as cliiuhlng cutworms and the wingless females of canker-worms. The
trees are banded with some sticky substance like tree tanglefoot, and in this
the insects are catight.

(.".^ FaU I'lDiiflliiiiH- — Certain jiests eaii be destro.ved in this wa.v. though
not many orchard Insects. WIrewornis. the larvie of <>lick-beetles. may be
reached by this practice. .\ late fall ploughing, followi'd by cultivation, breaks
nil tile hibernating cases of the grubs, so that tl.oy perish. Other insects that
winter in the soil may. in a like manner, lie exposed to the action of the frost
and to the attention of various Insectivorous birds.

(n.) Cnti) Riiln I inn. ^TU\!t method is extremely valuable in the control of
Insects of general farm crops, and to a certain extent of vegetables and small
fruits as well. It iloes not, of course, apply to orchard crops.

(~.t liastly. we have Spraying. This, to be effective, should be timely,
and must be well done. .Vs too often practised, It Is little better than a waste
of time and money.

3

r«rrf!«|M>nclln); to the two klmlH "f ln«'it» nlrcndy iiu'iitiniiiil. wi' luivi' two
tfcnt'riil t.V|i<'« <>r x|ini.v«. Tlicsf iin-: ll.i ('imtmt InspctirldeH. CJ. i Sloiimrh-
l« iiinliM.

rmittict lii<«'<tl<'liloH nrc for tlic nmlrol of HiifklnK-liiMvtH, like ii|ililil(>f<,
«i< ili'-iiiHtitM. Miiil l«'nflioi>iicr». Tlicxc Kiiniyw can iirviT Ih' iii«mI iix prcvfiitlvw.
Til Iw of scrvli'*'. fvi'iy liisi'ct iniiHt bo tmiclH'tl. iiiiil i-iiro tiiki'ii to spray wlicn
till' liisocts can lie tnoxt faslly rcaclii'il by tlio mixture. Kor oxaiiiplc. ilo not
wait to si|iriiy fi.r the trni'ii iiplilM niitil tin- loaves liavo all ciirliMl. foriiilni:
a protci'tloii artiiiiid tlioiii. or for tlio loaf-hopi»'rM until tlioy licconio niiiRt'il
and leave the tree at tlie llrst touch of tlie Mpriiy.

Sloniacli-polsoiiM for hltlnc-lnsects are. for the most part, arsenical preii.ira-
tloiis. of which lead -arsennte Is prolialily the most valinihle. Paris green Is
another In coiiujion use. StoiniU'li-iM)lsons may sometimes he listed as pre-
ventives. In the I>ry Helt. a spray of lend-nrsenate. as soon as the trees nrc
In full leaf, will remain on the leaves most of the sesison. and Is very us«'ful
for destroylnp many lenf-eatlm! Insects.

SOME PRINCIPAL ORCHARD INSECTS.

(1.) BiTISO-INSECTS.

Thr Buil-molh. — This Is n small, cylindrical, cinnnmoii-lirown coloured
caterpillar, with legs. head, and segment back of the head bliK'k mid shiny.
When full grown It Is nearly % Inch long.

The grentest Injury Is done in spring, to the opening buds and tender
foliage, the cateriilllar protet'llng Itself by crumpling up a leaf and llidng It
with silk, or by tying two lenves together. They become full grown In about
seven weeks, and form piipie within their nests. l'[ion emerging, the adult
moth deposits her eggs upon the under-side of the leaves. These batch In
about ten days. an<l the young caleniillars fetil uiMin the under-surface of the
leaf, skeletonizing it. and forming their silken tulies. vslthin which they remain
prote<'ted and conceaU-d. The winter is passed within silken cases on the
twigs.

To cimtrol tiiis pest, spra.v with lead-arsenate. 2 IT), to 40 gallons, just as
buds are oi)enlng. and .iguin after the biossoni-iH'tals fail. Use a Bordeaux
nozzle and a high pressure.

The Corilinfi-iiioth. — This |)est has iu)t as yet l)ecome flrmiy established in
British Columbia, but as outbreaks have occurred from time to time, It i.s well
for fruit-growers to know sometliing of the Insect and of Its control.

The small, i>early-white eggs of this Insect are laid mostly on the leaves
near the fruit. Upon hatching, most of the larvte enter by the blossom end of
the apple. The larvie usually bore dlnn'tly toward the core, around which they
fi^l, and upon rea<'hlng full size emerge through a hole In the side of the a]iple.
The newly hatched Inrva is about 1/1(! Inch long, with a shiny black head and
whitish liod.v. having numerous dark-coloured tubercles scattertnl over it. When
full grown. It is about % in<>h long, of a light flesh colour, or iH-casioiuiliy
whitisli. with head glossy brown. The tubercles are more Indistinct than in
the .voung caterpillar.

The numb«T of broods of this insect varit.- ■ ith climate and season. There
may be as many as two complete broinls. aii . a i)artlal third brood I" the
interior of British Columbia. The work of the second brood is similar to
that of the tirst. but a much larger percentage enters throngh tlie side of the
apple.

Till- 11.1 ;rcil in|l>ij«l> III ;l »|UMJ ill' Icilll lllWIKltf. J III. 1.1 4ll ;;;l|liills 111'

wiiliT. Hllliiii a wirk iiftfi- III.. Ii|ii»«iiiii iK'tiiU liiivi' riilliii. Siilliilnil |iri'!"iiri'
liiiiNi Ih- iiiiiiliiji'il til ilrlvi- till, iiilxlilii' iiilii llii. Iimi'i- calyx 111)1. Tliis siiiay
lliil.v III' iisi'il ill I'liiijiiiirtliiii Willi liiiii.-NUl|iliiir iir iilliiT riliiiil. Iili-. Siiiiii'tliiii'x
a WHiHiil !-|iiay may in- mii.«saiy ii.|i dayH ariir llii' lirm.

77/1 / 1 ,««. 1 l;i;i/i im/di. Tlii* iM'Kt has i.l' ii lii^i-ii iiiisijij,, I'm- tin.
I'lKlliii:; iii.illi. ri'iiiii till' niiiiilarily nf Its lialiltH .iii<| a|.|.i'al'.'iiiri'. 'I'ln- i,'ir\a iit'

th.. Ii>.!.fr i|i|ilf\viiiiii illlliTi lr..ii til, It 111' till liiiiif iiiiitli ill lifliii; si«'iii.«|iat

inure 1111.1 iiv • iwa.ils I'arli I'lnl. anil i.f a lalln'r ilr iht tli«li inl •. It ilms

nut. as a nil", |i.iiiliali- a-i ilnply liitu tlic lni;i as tin' millliii.' » uliii. tlii'
liiilTiiws lifiiit' usually ijiiiii- slialluw. t'ri.i|iii.ntl- niiisiiis iiu'ly lilutiln-s tu a|i|Nar
ii|.iiii tin. siiilaii. if till- Iriili. Tlii. sann- iMrlliiHls „f nmtrnl I'liijiLiyiil f..i- tin'
I'lKlliitv' iiiiitli ai'i- aisii iiscit fur liiis iiisi'it.

Ti iitiiiti riiilhir iiiiil fiill \\il,ir<,nn. Tlnsi' may In. imilriilliil l.y .iittim;
ulT anil ili'^triiyiii;: tlii'ir wriis. ur siiii|ily liiiniiiii; mi iln- tni' with a lurili.
Tlii'sc ami nil ullnr li.if i.atliitf rati'r|iillars may In- raslly ilrstr.i.vwl i«y a s|iray
iif li'ail-aiwnati'. 2 tti. in Jo iialliuis. w lini tliry tli-st a|i|ii..ir.

frill- mill rhiiiji Shii/. Tin. ailillt uf lliis IiisitI. a small. I'm 'winKi.iI lly.
(Ii'|iiisi|s III. I- vstzH in 1 fCMfiitii- «|ii« liiinatli till' skin i«f tin- ii'af. Tlii" iana Is
(laik luliiiirril ami shiny, with friuit part of tin' lifxly iinirli swi.ili.ii. aiiiiost

I' •■aliiiu' till, lii.ml. :.'ivim: tlir iiisnt tin. a|i|n'nraiiii. of a nilniiti' tailpiili'.

Till' yiMiii); simis I'l'iil iiikiii tin- iipiicr siirfaco of tin- leaf, ski'lcluiilzliu; It.
iiiilhir« ri.maliiiiia I'xii'pt tin- veins am! lower e|ilileriiiis. The leaves will tlieii
hiivf a lirowii. seoriheil aiipearame. iiiaiiy ilyh g .niil ilropiiliii; off altotfether.
so that the tree. In some eases, is t'oreed to put otit a new set of leaves. There
are two hroiMls. oi.e appeiirliis in .Iiiiie or early .Tilly, ami another in Aiisust,

Thonu'h this Is one of the easiest pests to ( Irol. tii," ilaiiiairo It will ilo.

If iimhei-ked. Is eonsldcri^hle. A spray of ieiul-arseiiate. 1 lb. to 40 gallons of
water. Is very elTeitive. Contait In.sectiiiiies. like whale oil soap, or Itlaek
Leaf, may also he iiseil. Simjiiy iliistlni; the foilace with lielleliore. slaked Mine,
or even roaddnst. wlil destroy tlip slugs.

I'iiu-hlnr Bo; (•;■.«,— There are tlirtH' of these and their life-histories differ;

the lontroi iiietliiKls ii .nimnieiided are muili the same. The preseme of the

iKirers Is revealed by i xudations of gum about the liase of the tree and iiy the

dust-like eastings of the Inseits. Careful eiittliig-out of the liorers in the spring

with ii sharp knife and a pieie of short stout wire should lie praetlsed. Do not

eiit away any more of the hark than is ini-essary to get at the horers. ^rollnd-

<a the trees up with earth in .Time and foniiig the horers to enter higher up

I the stem, wiiere they iiiii lie more readily reaiheil. Is useful in eoiitroliing

.lese pests. I.lme-siilphiir. with iiinsidiralile extra lime added, spra.. d aroninl

the base of the tree aits as a deterrent. The use of various other reiM'iient

w-aslies and of iiajM'r wrappers has been tried will more or less sueeess.

riiilliriiiliil Aiiiilrlrtr lliini:— -This inseit iii.ik > flat, shallow tunnels in
the trii.ik and lower brain-hes of the tree, .sometimes girdling It, Its preseme
is revealed by its sawdiisl-like castings, by small depressions or disioioratioiis
of the li.irk. and sometimes by the exiiilation of sap. The fiiii-siz.eil grub is
of a pale yellow colour, legless, and with the head end of the body greatly
eiilaigcil and llatleia'il.

I' iirchard slioiild be carefully watched ami the liorers iiit out witii a
sh: rp knife and wire when first deteetod. Itepelleiit washes have bei'ii ilSi.<l

"'"'i " •' suci'.ss in p ■eventing the females from depositing their eggs In the

trunk. A sat .ated suliitioii of washing-soda, made into » thick paste witli

w«ri vn\\>. iiikI cii'iiisli 1 rnilc iMrlmllf mi lil :i.li|iil In irivi' It a iIIiIIim t ..I.nir. li.i*
l>rii\ril nry fiilNfintMrv. 'I'lif irifs iiiii.v mI»ii Ih> «ni|i[H'i| with niiff Ihmwh
|iii|i«'r for ilif K.nm- |Mir|B'ic.

I'i'Irll illin-hillll. Tllis i« till- [M-M) III' 11 sllLlll lllillll Wlllrh illjliri"! Illf

irt'.' h.v iMirliJi.' ii. the l\vl':!<. Kllluik' til. mm. .hi. I latiT in 111.. w:i»..ii iittaikx tli..
fnilt. 111 111.' i'mII 111.' Iiiiir itr.iHii larva' iiiak.- Miiiall t'.v.avallniis in tlic l.ail,.
ii«iiali.» at tin' I r.iti-lHx. wliiTf tiic h.'h kiowiIi .|.iiii« the i.lil. Tlie.v l..u'iM "nrk
very early in the .icaMnn, ami. ii|Min ri'a.hiiia lull size. ><|.ln their (•■hih>ii"< Inr
llie iiii.»f |iart iiihIit the .nrls .if tlii' l.iirk .hi the iriiiik.

Till' remilar wiuier siirayiiitf „( lliii.' -ail|iliiir is ti«iially hiiiHi i.'iit l'> I.im-|.

il'iHii llil.s j.est. If a >|»'<ial «|iray is i 1I...I. it nIimiiI.; Id- :i|i|i|leil In thi- siaiiii:

as III.' liii.ls swell.

I-. I Si • KIM. I.\SKI IS.

s. Ill, /■/.«.. /i.-Tlii' .lysii 1- >li.i| s. ■ • aii.l the i;iirii|i.;i m - li.' .ire two seal.'-
inserts fiiini.l air.'iliiiK i.r.hanl tr.'is n llrilish 1 ■.>|iniilii:i Ihi'lr .'hlshiries
illlTer. lint Ihi' inelh.iil iif lreiillii« lli.se anil i.ih.'r ». .ile-instHls is tlie same.
Til.' .Mniiiiir.i.il lime ■.iili.hiir. lisiiin; .•S'J'a" r..'aiiiiie. shi.nlil he ililni..) with
nine ii.irls nf wal.'r. This may ii.it extermliiiiti' the siales the lirst seas.in. hut
In the .'11(1 It .1111 lie ile|ii'ni|ei| miiiii III rill till" iiriliaril nf these ih'sis. If a|igiliei|
int.' in the s|irliia aN the ImiN are swelliii).'. It will kill many apliiiles ami
rill spill. 'r I'lTKs. It is also a very v.iliialile rnniriiide.

l;;/(i.'. y. -We have several s|ieiies i.f th.'se ii its affeitiiitf tli.' ililTereiit
.inhanl trees, tin 111.' apple, w.' have the -leeii a|iliis. the ri>sy a|i|i|s. ami tlie
wiH>lly aphis; mi the iiear. the creeii iiphls: on the plum, the Imii Imise ami
the mealy aphis ; on the peiieh. the lihuk iiiiil grc'ii aphides. The inethmls used
ill iiimiiallmr the variou.s forms are slinliar.

The sprim; nppiiealion nf llmesulphiir will kill some eiitfs. iiml over wliiter-
iiiK forms, hut caiiiiot usually Im' ile|ii'iiileil upon ti. kis'p the Inseils In loiitrol.
The iill.ii ks of the ajihls in the sumiiier are eoiitrol!iil liy the use of Hlai-k
Leaf. Itia -k Leaf 4(1. or other u'ikmI lontai't inseitii-liles. The il.irk-eoloiireil
.peeles. or the woolly or mealy kinds, usually rcjuire a somewliat slriiiii.'er
spray than Hie others. As hlith a pressure as possMile should also be g'vvn.
With tli.w that cause a lurllin; o! the leaves, spraylm; should lie done liefore
this has -on.' tisi far. else it will he next to linimssihle to loiuh the Inserts
with the .|,.a,< even thou«h a liiuh pressure he empi.-yed.

For ilip rix.r form of the \v.«illy appleaphls aid the lilaik p.'aih-aiiliis.
'I for a few liiilies over the ufTcted roots, and the
Ml (I k Lent' solution, or other irooil lontact liiseitiii.l.'.
also I" used.

The apiile leaf Imiiper is caiiahle of ilolm: aii|ireiialili'

lanie niiiniier-. :is it often Is In the Dry Itelt. Tli.'y

'I' 'he live- - nklna the sa|i and lausinK them to

If iiij I 1. iv eiioiurh. the leaves may fall as -

ae earth 111 "■ Iw^ rem
Krouiid ».ii -.akiff
Refuse lot. m .|i|s|

il'lih-haf ll.,p,„
'dania-^' when |iii — iit 1
live ii|Kii: the |ii«i.i
heioini- sjMitted wp
result of the ii .|ii

Til i-.iiirol. spi
still .viiniit' and Ii.-I
Insect is actimlh t-.u
spraylnu Is iisele.ss.

I'ciirliiif niixli,-, 11:'
on the leaves In tlie >pr
dark brown or black, ar.
In large niimhora they mn
times attack the young ^rul

X Leaf I" or I'.laik I.caf while the lns«'ifs ace

-■ i'.ciiuired their winjjs. t.-ikina 1 :ii" that every

ir!i the s)iray. After they have l.c, me wlii;;cil.

The -mall reil.lish tilist.'r like sp.>ts that appear

liii h irradually (h.«nge In colour until they are

■ rk- the pear-leaf bllster-mlte. When present

■ a pr^ iiiiitnre ilr.ip of the leaves. They some-

Till' n'lriiliir »|irliiit upriiyliiB of llrii<>-Niil|>hnr will ii»iiiill,\ i Hutrnl fli.. thHp
If n siMHliil iiprii.v Im mi'..»Hiir.v, it «! miIiI 1m. npplli'il In flu- full, iifi.r iiKMt
■ if till- li-iivcK hiivf fall.'ii. Applliil .. iliN tliii... II will ilivrroy tin- iiilt.w nmrf
ri'inllly. nx imwt nf thctii linvi> nut inkm "lii'lttT iMHlrr the linil whIihi. wIi.ti-
tlu-y lire I iiriliT t" rt'inli.

H)il Siiiilim. 'fhi'Di' wHiM'tlinm Ih'<'<iiiii> ii wrlmm iMioiiirli ptyt of cmliiirii
frnltM lo ili-niiuiil sixiliil tr<-nltni>nt. Tin- wIntiT upray of Hint' Miilplmr will

(li'xln.y »-irni' of fl «•.'*. Itliii-k I,t'iif Molntlon or tin- wnninicr NtrcnKtli of linii'-

"iilphiir will inniTiilly n>ntrol the m'' •« llifnwlvfu. KnxtliiK with iNiwcml

Milplinr hiiM Klvi'ii kihhI rr»nlt». iind n .iisli of iimiiH l of snliilinr. 1 ITi. to

4 KiillonN of wafer, with 1 Iti. of whin-ojl or ordlniiry liiiindry xiHip aililnl.
liuN iilw) Klvi'ii xntlfifiK'tlon.

Viiliiriii. H.r.. Ihrimhir. lOli.

VICTOBIA, B.C.:
rrlntnl tiy William H. Ccllin. I'riiiipr In th« Kliig'i

1»I2.

F.xicllwit Mnjful.v

■s