CIHM Microfiche Series (l\/lonographs) ICIVIH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian institute for Historical IMicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. 0 Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged / Couverture endommag^e □ Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicul^e Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps / Carles g6ographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Reli^ avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serr^ peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ^t§ film^s. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl^mentaires: D D D D L'Institut a microfilm^ le meiileur exemplaire qu'il lui a ^t^ possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6tho- de normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. I ] Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es D D D D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^s et/ou pellicul^es 0 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages d§color§es, tachet^es ou piqu^es Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es L/ Showthrough / Transparence I I Quality of print varies / Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel supplemental re Pages wholly or partially obscured by en-ata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet c'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6i6 film^es h nouveau de fagon k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont fiim^es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. D This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below / Ce document est filnti au taux de rMuetion indiqu^ ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x y 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: University of Saslcatchewan Saslcatoon The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original cooies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^♦^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 4 5 L'axemplaire film* fut reproduit grAca t la gAn«ro8it4 da: Univariity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Les Imagas suivarttas ont «t« raproduitas avac la plus grand 3oin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat« da I'axamplaira film*, at an conformit* avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Las axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura an papiar ast imprim*a sont film*s an commanpant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darni*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont film*s an commandant par la prami*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darnidra paga qui comporta una talle amprainta. Un das symbolas suivants apparaltra sur la darni*ra image da chaqua microficha, salon la cae: la symbola -^ signifia "A SUIVRE", la symbola V signifia "FIN". Las cartas, planchas, tableaux, ate, pauvant *tra film*s * das taux da reduction diff*rants. Lorsqua la document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich*, il est film* * partir da {'angle sup*rieur gauche, de gauche * droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant la nombre d'imagas n*cessaire. Les liagrammes suivants itiustrent la m*thode. 2 3 5 6 MICROCOfY RISOIUTION TI5T CHART 'ANSI end ISO TEST CHART No 2l ^=^ 'S-i fasi Mo:n z^t ^^ '''6) 288-5989 -To, Commission of Conservation CANADA COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES, GA ME A M) FVR-BIiA RING A M MA LS Bird Reservations nv DR. T. GILBERT PEARSOJ Secretary, National Association of Audubon Societies Reprinted from the Seventh Annual Report of the Commission of Conservation OTTAWA— 1916 Bird Reservations BY D«. T. GiLUERT Peakson Secretary, National Association of AuJuhon Societies PRESENT operations in the United States, in the line of bird- reservations, grew out of the distinct need of preserving certain classes of birds from bccominK extinct. We recoKni/e i s'crth America 1,200 varieties of wild birds. The birds that we may (listinrtly call farm-land birds, such as the native sparrows, the warblers, wrens, orioles, and many other common insectivorous birds, have, despite the contrary claims of calamity howlers, enormously increased in America since the advent of white man. There has, howe* er, been a decrease in the case of certain forest birds. In the open land there have been more plants, more insect-life, more grass and weed seeds, more berry-producing plants, that spring up along the femes and elsewhere to afford an abundant food-supply. As a result birds of that class have increased and we are in no danger of losing that part of our bird-population. As a result of the increased number of insects it is desirable, howt ver, to have an increase of many species of birds, and a great deal has oecn done, through a general awakening of public interest to the use of feeding devices, nesting (K)xes, and keeping down the enemies of the birds, to encourage their propa- gation. It is chiefly the birds t' a. coukl l'^ comm. '-i-'lized, either for their flesh, or their feat' s, that b^ve su# l t diminution in num^crs in North America as a result ol m s activities. An important effort to preserve this class of I ri!- i- now being carried l>ird-rt^< rv 1 ions. ' Association kl birds and ! nanced bird- c been in active "X-'anor to kill a pushed by tlie st*le« except on in the United States by the establishmti Reservation work began in 190::, undiT i of Audubon Societies for the study and prott animals. This is the best known and most . protective organization in the world, and we operation since '902. A bill making it a misti bird destructive to insects or noxious weed-seeds v Audubon workers, and has now been enacted in ail oi Maryland and six or seven of the Rocky Mountain '^. { OMMISSION OF CONSERVATION Croltction of Ihc Priiran Om- i>( the »tatM that early adopted this bill was Morula. On thf Atlantic coast of that state-, in Indian rivrr, there is an island of alniui four arrt-s, when- two thoii«an', to lay iluir pkk» and rrar fhtir young. AlK)Ut the time this law was cnarttil long (|uills latame very (lopular in the millinery trade. We found tiiat millinery stores in the larK»? cities were selling feathers taken from the hush turkey, the albatross, the brown pelican, and also from the oUI turkey buy/ard uf the south. A gentleman in the hlorida l,eni»lalure aro»e and suRKestd! the repeal «)f thi.s law. He said it was ridiculous, that it protected the pelican, which fed on fish. lAidenlly he w.is nut aware that these (H-licans were feeiling almost entirely U|M)n mcnhailen, which is not usually esteemetl as ftxxl. Furthermore, he said, the (juills were worth two dollars a bird in New York markets, whiih made $4,(KK) worth of feathers r this island, and we had (|uite a fiijht to keep the Legislature from iK-in^ stamiK^led. Then, as men might raid a bird colony, the question arose: VVoul I it be ixMisible to «et the I'^ited Sutes Government to tak-- hold of that island in some way? In Florida there are two F ieral c«)urts. A man who kills a bird would rather lie haltd l)efore a local magistrate, where the jury probably would f)e com|Kised of friends and neighlxsurs, who had killetl birds themselves. In »uch a case it was a simple matter to leave the plough for a day and stand trial. But in a F"ederal court it is a different matter. A man may have to travel half way across the state to attend the court, he must appear before men wl o are strangers to him; and so it comes alwut that in the southern country men do not care to be haled into a Federal court. First Bird There did not seem to be any way whereby this fed- Sanctuary eral control could be secured until the matter was Eitabliihed j^jj^iiy ^^^.^ yjj ^j^j^ j,,^ President. The Preside-.'^ said in substance, " Is there any precedent for this sort of thing, ^r any lav.? What is the island good for, can you raise anything on it?" He was told, " No, one cannot raise corn, peanuts, razor-backed hogs, or, in fact, anything, on this island but pelicans, and there appears to be no s[>ecific law or precedent for the Government to create it as a l.ird reservation." Then he said, " If the land office will recommend that this land is not good for agricultural purposes we will make it a bird-reserve under the care of the Department of Agriculture, pro- vided the Audubon Society will agree to hire a man to act as guardian on the island." That suited us exactly. The chief clerk in the U.S. Land Office, Mr. Bond, is an Audubonian of long standing. In a very short time IMRl) Rf:SKR VAT IONS the matter was arranReiJ, ami tl— ['••inulfnt lUilarinl thr idlaml .» bird-:ianctuary in |H.r|K'tuiiy .i Imrdinn .late for wihl 1 »h f'lr ill time. Hf t>\ Florida were found nine otht n;;ll i.*! is su. table for this pur|H>-^, and Mr. Roosevelt made them all '.lal l.i.'d-rescrvc!*. Then we were jubilant and had a gixxl deal to say xr. tiie press; but. strannf '"• it may seem, certain gentlenten did not approve of the action of President R(K)sevelt, claiminK he exceeded Ids powers. To overcome this a bill was prepared giving him the necessary authority, ami Congress cnacte