CIHM
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ICIMH

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Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas

Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of
the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming are
checked below.

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Coloured covers /
Couverture de couleur

Covers damaged /
Couverture endommag^

Covers restored and/or laminated /
Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicula

Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque

Coloured maps / Cartes gdographiques en couleur

Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) /
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

Coloured plates and/or illustrations /
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Reli^ avec d'autres documents

Only edition available /
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Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along
interior margin / La reliure serr^ peut causer de
I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge
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Blank leaves added during restorations may appear
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omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages
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apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela ^tait
possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t^ film^es.

Additional comments /
Commentaires suppl^mentaires:

L'InstitLit a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a
6X6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem-
plaire qui sont peut-6tre uniques du point de vue bibli-
ographique, qui peuvent modifier una image reproduite,
ou qui peuvent exiger une modiftoation dans la mdtho-
de normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous.

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□ Quality of print varies /
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Includes supplementary material /
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Pages wholly or partially obscured by en-ata slips,
tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages totalement ou
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obtenir la meilleure image possible.

Opposing pages with varying colouration or
discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des
colorations variables ou des decolorations sont
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possible.

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This ttem Is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below /

Ce document eat fllm^ au taux de rMuctlon IndiquA ci-destous.

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Tht copy filmed here het been reproduced thenkt
to the generosity of:

Library
Agricultur* Canada

The imeges appearing here are the beet quality
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Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
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the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
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The last recorded frame on each microfiche
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TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Thosa too large to be
entirely included In one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

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L'«x«mplaire film* fut reproduit grAce h la
g4n*rotit4 da:

Bibliothiqui
Agrieulturi Canada

Laa imagea auivantaa ont M reproduitaa avac la
plua grand aoin. compta tanu da la condition at
da la nattati da i'axemplaira film*, at an
conformity avac laa conditiona du contrat da
filmaga.

Laa axemplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an
paplar aat imprimta aont filmia en commandant
par la pramiar plat at an terminant aoit par la
derniira page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impreaaion ou d'illuatration. aoit par la aacond
plat, aelon le caa. Toua laa autrea exemplairea
originaux aont filmia en commen^ant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impreaaion ou d'illuatration at en terminant par
la darniire page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

Un dea aymbolaa auivanta apparaTtra aur la
darnlArc image da chaque microfiche, aelon le
caa: le aymboie -^ aignifia "A SUIVRE", le
aymbole ▼ aignifie "FIN".

Lea cartea. planchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre
filmte A dea taux de reduction diff Arenu.
Loraque le document eat trop grand pour fttre
reproduit en un aeul clichi, il eat filmA i partir
de Tangle aup<rieur gauche, de gauche h droite,
et de haut en baa, en prenant le nombre
d'imagaa niceaaaire. Lea diagrammea auivanta
iiluatrent la mtthode. -

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MICROCOfV RISOIUTION TBT CHART

{ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)

^ APPLIED IIVHGE

1653 East Main Street

f??^?''V ""* ■'='■'< '■♦609 USA
(716) 482 - 0300 -Phone
(716) 288 - 5989 - Fox

CIRCULAR No. 38
(Ntw Horticultural Strlw).

PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

(HORTICULTl'BAL RRANCH).

THE LESSER APPLE-WORM

{Laspeyrcsia prunivora Walsh). ♦

CODLING-MOTH^

(Cydia pomonclla Linn.).

OWING to the similarity of the larva or caterpillar of the lesser
apple-worm to that of the codling-moth, fruit-growers should
become familiar with the appearance of each of these " worms." It
is not an easy matter to make a definite determination in the field;
lienre, if there is any doubt, specimens should be sent immediately to
officials of the Department of Agriculture. The two larvae, when full-
grown, are easily separated.

Fruit-growers of British Columbia are fortunate in having only a
few isolated instances where the codling-moth is known to occur. It
is sufficient, to prove this assertion, to draw attention to the publitihed
statements of Dr. A. L. Melander, Entomologist of the Pullman Agri-
cultural Station, who claims that the codling-moth exacts an annual
ta.\ of $200,000 on the yield of 1,500 car-loads of iples in the State
"f Washington, and to the record of Professor H. . Wilson, formerly
.«f the Corvallis Experiment Station, who states that the annual loss
amounts to 25 per cent, of the total crop in Oregon.

In view of these statements and of many others which could be
cuioted, it is urgently necessary for all fruit-growers in the Province

of British Columbia to keep a watchful eye open for any sign of
doubtful injury and to report the same immediately.
The two larva may be sei>arated in the following manner:—

Ij-am-t Appl«-woriu.

Shape: Fusiform, i.e., taper-
ing towards each en<l,
broadest along the middle
segments.

Colour : Pink in young stages ;
flesh colour when nearly
full-grown.

Codling laotb.

More even width throughout.

Size:

Young stages, white with a
shade of pink ; half-grown
(or when of same size as
lesser apple- worm larva),
dirty white, marked with
black dots ; full-grown,
pinkish-white, with more
or less prominent
tubercles.

When full-grown, about ^
inch long.

Terminal segment without a
comb; rounded and cov-
ered with several promi-
nent spines.

When full-grown, about
}i inch long.
Microscopic structures: Ter-
minal segment of body
with a brown comb-like
structure, varying from
5-7 teeth.

The work of the two larvae varies also, although instances have been
observed of the injury to fruit being so closely similar that the
Identity of the " worms " could not be definitely determined. Both
larva feed on the fruit of the apple, entering through the calyx or
through the side and burrowing to the core.

As a general rule, the larva of the lesser apple-worm feeds exten-
sively on the flesh of the apple as it penetrates towards the core, while
the codhng-moth larva forms a more direct channel. It appeal's that
the lesser apple-worm develops a trifle later than the codling-moth in
the spnng and continue, feeding a little longer on the fruit in the
autumn, otherwise the life-histories of the two moths are very similar
In this way the lesser apple-worm develops proportionately more
" side-hole " entries than the codling-moth, which, especially with the
first spring generation, enters more particularly through the calyx
This variation of habit in the two worms is not to be regarded as a
definite rule in all sections of the Province, inasmuch as in cooler and

nioister sections the number of " side-hole " entries equal, if they do
not exceed, the calyx entries.

The control of the colding-moth may bj dealt with m another
lirrular. The control of the lesser apple-worm necessitates special

DU
the ■
apple
The i
direct

to apple br the leaaer apple-worm. T>ie Injury reaemble.
«Mllta%oti larva, but if will be noticed tt.

a"To?"o{r7he ,"u"rV^"of"th"? fnA"t7round the iSTx'
S^n ff entiince 1. made through the calyx, uaually i>a»iie«
"' - (Author's lllniitratlon.)

.e of the fruit.

attention to the ordinary arsenical orchard sprays a few weeks after
the petals fall, at approximately a time when the winter apples are i
inch in diameter. Wherever systematic orchard spraying is practised
the lesser apple-worm is not a serious pest. Its importance to the
growers of British Columbia lies in its closer resemblance to the
codling-moth, which is a pest of first magnitude in apple- and pear-
growing sections.

Victoria, B.C., issued March, 1918.

VICTORIA, B.O. :
l«rl»l«I b, W.L..UM n. OctiM, Printer .„ ,be Kin,'. Mo.. Uxoellen. M.J*..,.

1018.

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