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oUa^
CANADA
DEPARTMENT OF MINES
«iK<tl,0«I('AI. SirilVKY IIKANCII HoM \V. TKJiPLifMAS, Minihtkh; a. p. Low, Ukpi tv Mixihtkh
U. \V. BkucK, AlTIKll UlHKCTuR.
i7i
r.
CONTRrF3TJTT():N8
CAN A D I A X P A L. H 0 N T 0 LOG Y
VOLUME Til (Quart..).
PAKTIV.-THEVERTEBKATAOF THE OLIGOCENH OF THE CYPRESS
HILLS, SASKATCHEWAN.
LAWKK.VCK M. LAMHE, K.G.S., F.R.S.C
VarlehrcUe I'alifontoloijist.
OTTAWA O O V E It N SI E N T PRINTING IJ U K E A U
190S
I
<' A N A l» A
DKI'A iri'MKNT ()K Ml NK-
(iKOMXilCAI. HiriiVKY IIKANMI
lloSI. W. TKHrLKMAN, .MtXiHTKK; A. H. [mw. 'V.PIT\ MlNIBTKK ;
It. W. BkM'K, AiTIXO DlllKC-T m.
<'()N'ri!IIU"lM()XS
CANADIAN' PAL.H0NT0L0(;Y
VOT.IJMK III ((^u.iilo).
PART IV.-TIIH VHKTHHKATA OF THE Ol.lGOCKNHOF THH CYPRESS
HILLS, SASKATCHEWAN.
I.AWIJKNCK M. l.AMIU:. Rti.S., K.U.S.C.
I'TlfhraIr l'a/"nnlo/nijlMl.
V
<•
OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU
1908
Thii re|iort on the Vertebnta of the Oligocone ilepooit* of tha CypretM Irili fnrmi the fourth part of vtilu mi- III (iiimrto) of Contribntion« to ('iiiiu<lbiii l'»lii(iritolo/y. Part I by I'rofeMor Eilwani l».(''>|pe, on " The upeoioi fniin theOllxocono or fjower Mijcene \>ed» of the Oyprciv hilln," iiiibliahml in 14!U, ii deitcriptive of ■|)ecimen8 jblained tlurin^ the yoari \HH:\, 18H4, 188H iiiiil lUH'.t. The |>re«ent part by Mr. Liiwrence M. [jinibe, u baKol on the uollec- tlon made bv him in 1904, and on the material of tiie earlier cMllet'.ioni ; it coiiiiitt of 82 pa^o* of letter proiw, ilhiatrated by text flguro* und ei^ht photogra* lire plate*.
Departhent op Mini»<,
Gkoumiical Survit Bramii,
Ottawa, January 6, 1H0«.
\y. hUOCK,
Ailing hirietiir.
<!i:()L(MJICAh SI'IJVKV OK TANAhA
TIIK VKKTKIIUATA oK TIIK nf.mocKSK «»K TIIK CVI'KH>
SAHKATfllKWXN.
IIII.IA
IIY f.AWRI.MK M. I.AMUR.
IMTRODUOTION
Thu tliihovi'ry in \>*>*\ hy Mr. R. < ■ MiCoiinell of thin SurvBy, of 'IVrliiiry IkxU in the C>|«rf»ii liillii.of lutor ajji' than unv tlmt liml liotii fniiiid in the Xortli Went, wuk »riiioim<;e<l iii Dr. A I! <' SolwyiiH Sutiiiiiary Hoport of llic o|.<riitioii< for tlmt voiir * 'I'licno IkmIk cup|iin({ the CyprwH liilU wore u-wijfiicil to thi" aire of tin- .Mio.fiiu by Mr Mol'oiiiu'll in lii* '• Ili'|H»rt on thu (IvprwMi hilU, Wooil mountain nn.l ■ •. vont .oiinlry."** |>iil.li»lii(l in IJ""!!. After j{ivln){B general HtatiMiientot the iihyVuiil if .uronof ihfioiintry, Mr McConn.ll in hi« raport, (luvotiii liiinnclf (1) to u lU-^iriiitiuii of the ijt'olojry in 'litfi-rciit *.'otion« of the iliitriut in timi, ami (J) to an moonnt of tho deponitit of iha tbrinutiofiH oWtvoiI of tho Crelaccoiw, 'rertiary, anil liiiBti-nmry poriiMln In tho ("ypren* hilUand vicinity th.- ro. k« Kui-n wito r< ''rreil to the MioctMie, I^ramii' ami Fox-hlll-Piorrf formations of which tiie limt throe are e ornmble, hut the tirnt limi iinconforinahly on tlio l4»rttmie,in place* ovcrlapi-inj? it un<l r«.iiiiig on tho Ktix-hill The Mioci-no hedii " cap all tho more ileviitwl \<i\Tt» of the rungf of npliimU oxtonil- injf in a ilirection a little north of ea»t, from the west end ot the ("ypre»n hilU to the cant onil of Swift inrrent Creek i.latoaii;n (listance ol UO miles. Tluy have an avorajre "i-lth ot fifteen mile», un.l cover altojfether an area of nearly 1,400 wpiaro mile«."
The CyprcM hilla are diviileil into two uneijual parts— c; which the enHtern one in ranch the larjfor— by the " ' Wip," a valley of orcwion, running in a m rth and KOiitli di: on. The Miocene dci«oHitn are bent developed at tho eaitern end of the hillB, win-- they « a tliick-
negH of filly ."lOO feet, and consist of eoni;lomerate, UKually fornied 'f rpiart pebl.len.
cemented together by carbonat ■ of lime, asuociatod with U'dn of iand«toiie. -ands, cluyH, and mails. West of the "tiap" tht formatioti is represented oidy by a she. ■. ■ f hurdeonv'lomerate, about 60 feet thick.
To .lunte from Mr. McConnell's report : "the oonj{;. , .. ale which tonus such a nnirke.1 feature of the .Miocene deposits of the Cypress hills, is usually ■■omiposed of .piart/.ite pebbles cemented together by carbonate of lime, but also appears under a number of other forms. In some places the pebbles lie loosely in a matrix of .oarse jellouish sund. and in others they are
■ li....l. ai.cl Ni.t. lli.i.Siir>pv..f r,„L„l;,. I!.|..il..( I'imhi...., !.■<•<•.• »:l >il ; Siiinman l!..|-.rt ..f It l.n.t I ih. ii...|.«i.v.l
,..11- l..:U«t Ik-i-, ISKlli.iil.li.li.il in.liii. iwli. |.. I. .,,
■• I ;.,.!.. 11,1 N..t. lli»t. S„ivv ..fC:,„iuU .Vmiiwil l;..i.,itlM..w..n..l. -..I. I. I»M... . I»-M.i. |Mrt ( .
coiiBolidnted by a ferniginous cement, lleds several feet thick also occasionally occur, which contain nothing but loose pebbles." " IteiU of pebble conglomerate, though more frequent and larger near the base of the MicKene, are found at irregular iiiteivaU all through it, and are of all thicknesses, from a single layer of pebbles up to bods fully 50 feet thick. In many cases the formation consists of a single thick bed of this rock. Itesides the pebble con- glomerate, beds composed of angular pieces of clays enclosed !i a matrix of hard sandstone, and forming a species of breccia, are occasionally found."
" The sands of the Miocene sometimes form hard beds, from one to two teet thick, but are usually only slightly indurated, and are nearly rlways attectod by false bonding."
The above deposits are boat seen in Hone coulee which runs almost due north and south about nine miles west of the I'astcni escarpment of the hills. In this couU-o two streams have their origin within a few hundred yards of each other, the north fork of Swift-current creek rtowinjr north-easterly, and Krenchman creek (Fairwell creek of .Mr. McConnell's report) flowing in an opposite direction to the Bouth.
It is in this main coulee and its tributaries, that the collections of vertebrate remains from this horizon of the Cypress hills have been principally made.
The first vertebrate fossils received from I (one couli'e were obtained in ls83 by .Mr. McConnell whilst engaged in his geological exploration of that year. Later in the same season .Mr. T. C. Weston visited this locality, and secured acollecion ; but unfortunately all the speci.riens ihen obtained were lost by the sinking in Lake Superior of the steamer Gleiilint'is on which the collection had l)een shipped for the east from Port .Vrtliur. I )urin<; the summer of 1884 .Mr, Weston revisited the eastern end of the hills, and obtained many nmmmalian and other vottebrate remains typical of the Cypress Hills fauna, lu 188.S, and again in Is.S'.i, a short time was spent by Mr. Weston inadding to the collections already made in Itoiie coulee. In 1004 the writer spent some weeks in the eastern end of these hills nmking a supplementary collection of the vertebrate remains.
The fossils collected by Messrs. McCoimell and Weston in ls.s3, were submitted to Professor E<lward D. Cope, who ])ublishe<l a iireliminary list of the genera and species in the American Naturalist, 18«o, vol. .\l.\, p. Ki:'..* The result of hissubseipient study of the same material appeared in 1886 as an appendix to .Mr. .McConnell's report of lH8i;.** Further contributions to the American Naturalist *** by the same distinguished palicontolDgist, followed in 188!t, after Mr. Weston's collection of 18sn had also been placed in his bunds for determination and description. Professor Cope's final report on all the material from the Cypress hills, including the s[>ecimens obtained by Mr. Weston in lt<9'.t, appeared in 18!' 1 as part I **** of this volume.
■ 'l"ln- Wliitf liiv.i- lii-iUuf Swift t-nrniit rivri. Ni.rtli Went 'IVrritcfry.
'• l)|i. lit.. IBiit •', |.. T'.l, ii|.iKii,li\ I. Til.' VcrLluiitiiof th, Suift i'viri-.-iit('n-.k nirii.iM.f ih.. ( ■yiiii-.i liill>, li\ K. I>. ('c.|i.>
••• ISWI. .Aiiiiriiaii Xiitiir;ili«t. Mil. .\.\lll. p. 151, Tii.' V.ifliriit;! .,f ih.. S\i ill nirr. lit ri>.i 1) ■ an.l ,, ii"S V.rli' liraticif tliiSwiftiiirivMtiiiir, III. '' "'
"*** Tin' ^l"(.•il'HtI^ttll till- OlipK
r.il:i-,ittt., vol. til liiiKirtol, |it. I.
• l...iiir \li.«rii.- I.il- ,if tl„- C>|.ri». liill- : c:,,.l. Smv.v ,,f c,,,!:!.!,!, c.ntr. t..Ciin.
Co|>o, in hU memoir of 18'.il, qiiiilitiea MuCoiincil'a a8ji4;tiineiit of tlie uppermost bed* of tlio Cyprosa hills to tho Miocene by dcKcribing them as of .lligooune or lidwer Miofcno ujfc. Matthew would itccord them a more detinite horizon at tlie bottom of the ( )lijr(KMMie, and has exprusgi'd (be opinion that they uro probably of approximately the sarau ajio iia the Titano- therium \mh at I'i|iu«tone spriiiifs, Montana. Thi* opinion appears to be borne out to .sonu' extent by the lis-t of spedes from Pipestone springa, publisned l)y I 'r. Matthew in ll'O:!,* and the colleetionM from the Cypress hills, Bupplonionted by the material secured in 1!i04. A provisional list by the writer, of the jrenoni and species included in the collection of |!t04, apjieared in the Summary lieportof this Department for that year.
That the IJypress Hills Oligocene deposits were the result of rapidly flowing water from the west is evident. The thick basal beds of ronmled pebbles reiiresent the work of a stron,<; transporting (orce, such as would bo supplied by aturbuleiit stream of eonsidorable size carrying eastward material Iromtho Rocky numntuins. The sands show false bedding as a residt of varyiiiir currents With the aceuniulatioii of nuitcrial eastward, and a conseipient reduction of the trun8[iorting force, be<l8 of liner material were depusited at ii higher level, and prt>bably on extensive areas of overllow,
Ifegarding the (Vpress hills as an outlier of the Wood Mountain area, Mr. NhCoiniell has pointed out that, the part of the country " now covered by tho Cypress bills has been changed from a depression in Miocene times into the highest plateau on the plains, which is its present position, entirely by the arrest of denudation over its surface by the hard conglomerate beds which cover it, whilst the surroiiinling country, destitute of such (irotection, has been graaually lowered ; and so Htfonis an index of the amount of material removed trom the neighbouring plain- in the age intervening between the deposition of the Miocene and the glacial period." "The absence of any ridge connecting the Cypress hills with the mountaina is somewhat surprising, as one would naturally suppose that near their source the pebble-ljcds would be thicker, and their constituents cuarser and better able to resist erosion. This may be due, however, to the fact that the valley of the transporting sireain must have been more contracted in its upiier jiart than in the dilated portion in wliich the existing .Miocene beds were ileposiletl. In such a case, iis narrow shingle floor would be gndually undermined, and as <lcnudation proceeded would soon perish."
During his expedition of 1U04, the writer examined the exposures of the Oligocene deposits along the eastern escarpment of the Cypress hills as v.-ell ivs on their southern slope in the vicinity of Krendimaii ( Wbitennul) river as far west as t'airwell creek, also in the valley of this creek northward to Kone couli'e, and for some miles along the upper reaches of the north fork of Switi-cnrrent rreek. Kew twsilswere obtained along tlie eastern, ami southern escarpments.
The greater part of the colleclion nas made in Bone coulee and its numerous tributary coidees, and in its southern extension lor a few miles almig Fairwell creek. Here the grass- covered slopes are broken by numeroiia small and isolated weathered outcroiis which at first do not appear very promising from a palnontologieal standpoint. A careful and close search, however, reveals an abundance of —for the most part — mammalian renniins.
• Th. artii.1.' VI
r.tiiiLi Ml' till- Titanuthi'i-ii
.If. ill l*it«-f<.Tn- -i-riiii:-
M..nta
Mil-. Nut. Hi.l., v,.|. .\l.\.
The most prolific bod. are compo«;.l of a fi..e eongloraerate that, on disintegration, 1. freed the enclosed fowiU. A«»ciated be.lB of coarse sand, of a rich brown colonr, also jio d, some interesting remains. Very few fossils were found in the coarser conglomerates, and, might be cxi.ected, none at all in the beds of loose pebbles.
The generally fragmentary and dissociated nature of the remains at this locali detract, nih from thei'r value as definite horizon markers Many o^f-P-;"^;^^^ .how that .hey had been brt.kc„ and often worn prior to being deposited m l he b^swh
they were found. Some excellently pre.erved jaws with «7''"-"». T"' "f^'^l^;]' "" obtaine.l,and many separate and well preserved teeth, but bonos ot the feet « ere in cage, dissociated.
Althou-'h the beds of the Cypress Hills deposits in question probably belong, in a gone sense to th^ horizon of the Ti.anotheriu.n bods of .Montana, some of tbe.r upper memb m ; Le svncbronous with the Oroodon beds. Whether the time eq-valent ot the upperm division of the Oligoeene (Prutoceras bods) is present a' all is problematical. The fossih the finer conglomoritic beds show in some cases evidence of having been fa-Port^-^ fror distance, and on this aecount it is possible that a certain admixture ot remains from sligl dittercnt horizon, has taken i)lace.
The Cypress Hills ( »ligocene faunal list has been considerably enlarged in the follow pages by the addition of a number of new species, and species previously known but Lorded, hitherto, from this hori.on in Canada. The majority ot the additions to the fa Lave bee., supplied l,y the collection ot 190t, but a few forms arc represented by specin from the eariier collections, that apparently were not placo<l m IVolessor Cope s hands.
The species described as new, with those not recorded, hitherto, from this l'':=»Jty' l-ej to the three classes of fishes, reptiles, and mammals. Now species ot fishes ot the fam AmHd,e and Lepidosteid.. are described. Among the reptiles are two cbelomans, ot w one pecies is new ; also lizards, snakes, an.l crocodiles representing the orders Squamata Sn a both of which are additional to ,he fauna. The mammal, preponderate in num and v1S;- and hiclude a marsupial, ungulates, ro.lents, and carnivore. The ar lodi .enera Ancodus, An.hracotherium r, Agrioeh.rus, and Merycoidodon are now recorded Thl Cypres, hills, ^s well a. now species of horses, hyracodon.s, rhinoceroses, am tUaioth A new^rcie. of Leptomorvx is described. Further evidence of :ho presence of Chal.cothe, f^i IncvTo^r is ./iveii. The rodents include four families of which three, the Ischyrom; Castoridr;. r Sciurid., are new to the list. Two known species o. the croc Carnivores, three already described species of the Canida-, and one of the Felid,e areal.,. ac
The animals inhabiting this western tract of country during Oligoccne times are seen to have belonged to a variety of groups. That the number ot individuals m some c Tups was large if evident from the abundance of the tWil remain, ot some torms J ft the group, have since become extinct, others have undergone great changes and are difficulty recognized in thoir descendants of the present .lay ; whilst a few are represent, existing species that .how but slight diflerences in form and structure.
9
^ration, has also yioldeil ilea, itiid, as
this locality rnetiB clearly 0 l)e<lg where f teeth were ; were in all
, ill u jfoneral ])or raenibers lie uppermost The fosalla in lorted from a from slightly
the following iiown but not 8 to the fauna by specimens hands.
)cality, belong f the families ians, ot which ^uamata and ite in numbers 'he artiodactyl recorded from d titanotheres. halicotherium, Ischyromyitlii", ' the creodont are also added.
times are thus I in some of the I forms. Some s and are with
represented by
Twenty-five vertebrate specii-i in all, have, hitherto, constituted the Oligocene fauna of the Cypress hills: this number is now raised to over fifty. The following is the fauna as known to date : —
Class PUCES.
OrdiT AOTINOPTERYOII Suborder PaoiospnNDYLt. Family Amiiiln: Amid irhilenvcsitiini. Cope. A mill maiTosiittniliilii, C'ope.
*
+ A mia exHis, «p. nov
+ Liiiiitnsleits I'lnyus, sp. nov.
AETIiEi>:i|'ONI>YI,I.
LepiiliisUiita.
Nem.\tounatiii. Siluriilir.
* + Rliineastes rhmis. Cope.
* + Amiurus ranciilitus, i'o\)e.
* + Amiiirus mnconniili. Cope.
REPTIUA. CHBLONIA.
Cryptodira. ' 'liibjilrida:. + AnoKteira ortKitu ! Leid^.
Testwlinlila:.
* + Slylemys nehrnseensis, Loidy. + Teatudo exorimta, Lanibe.
Trionyciiia.
Trionijchvld:
* + Trinni/x Lucopotnmicus, Cope.
+ SQUAMATA. LArERTlLIA. Allffuidir.
+ Pellusaurus grunulosus. Cope.
Ophidia.
+ Oi/mophis comi»ictus, sp. nov.
+ CROCODILIA. El'.SlCllIA.
Croi'O'lHiihi. + Croc(,dilus jireiiasiil'S .' Looniis.
Til'- sinn< iB-fiin- llif n;tiiifN 'if w|»'ric.. iir Kn.iij... >itr]iif\ ;(- t.itli>Wf.L - " lt.-iin'*«'ntt'<i iiiniifor tiion- I'f tttt- cullfctioii-* iiiiulf |»re\i'tu^ to 1'.HI4 : hut hot in tlint nt lltOI. . Iie|iri'>'.riti'(l in culIoctiDn nf VM*\ ; litit not in |>ri\i.inj.oni.>.
* . l{fpr..(...nttHi in thf I'-fH hh vm-II ah. in otH' or niori' of tlif (mviou.* i ollt etionn. 12.">L".I 2
I
10
MAXMAUA
+ MABaUPIALIA. POLYPROTODONTIA.
+ DiMphys vaUns, .p. „ov. ^'''''^'''"'''"■■
UNOULATA. ARTtODACIVLA.
Anlhnii-nlhtiiulw.
t tZtelZ'T'T"'^ '>r'-ch,,rhy„c,,us, Onborn a..d Wortman. + Anthtaeotherium > py,j,„Mm, »p. nov.
It . ,,, ,, . Eliillierii'dii.
+ bMhenum coarcMam, Cofe.
. . Agrm/iiiriittr.
+ Agn chorus <inti,,uua, Leitly. + Meryehoi.lf^loH culbertaoni, Leidy.
I D -I ,1 • C'Dlli iiilii;
+ foi'hrothmum wilsoni, Lcidy.
+ Le„V,mer;,j: es.il'oliis. Cope. * + Leptomeryj- mammifer, Co|«. + Lipl,imeri/.r ip,;-;„sus, sjt. nov.
Position uncertain. + L.ploMery.r simicinclus. Cope. Hyrertrngulux transvasus. Cope.
Pkkissodactvl.a.
+ Mcsuh.pi),,! west,.,ii (Cope).
+ Mesnloppua pr.reoci.l.ns, I^nibc.
+ Mesohippus propin>/nus, Lainbo.
+ Mrsnhlppus hr.ichyslylHs, Oaboni.
+ Mfsohippux stennl.phus, Lambe.
+ Mesohippus ,>l'-nulens, I anibe. "
+ Mesnh.ppus aasinihoiensis, Larabe.
* , ,, , Hyrwo)l„ntid,r. + /lyraeodon nebrnsccnsis, Leidy.
+ IIynico>lon pris,i,/,,is, Lambe.
» , . , Rliinorerutidii.
+ Acenil/nrium mile, Cope.
* + ■im-atheriiim occidoifnle (l.cidv). + Aernilheriiim (xlynum, gp. nov".
+ L>-piacerath,rium lngow„l„n, Oab. and Wort.
Titan,, hiriidiv. Megoerrups nngtisligenis (Cope). * Megav(r„ps sebeynianus (Com).
Il
* Megaceriips ayceras (Copo).
+ Magneempn jtrimitivaa, gp. iiov.
4- Maijacrropx asiinifxiifntis, iioni. prov.
Ancvlopoda. CliiiicntheriUlii.
* f Chntieiitheritim bitoliatum, Cope.
RODENTIA. SiMrUCIOENTATA.
.' Sciuii'hr.
+ Siiurus .' saskatclitirensi^, up. nov.
hcltDromyiil'i:
+ fscliryromi/s lypu-i, l.ei<ly.
.' ' 'iiiliiriilit'.
+ ('ylin'IriKliiii t'liiith, Doiigliiss.
+ Eutypvmys parran. sp. iiov.
MUI'LICIDEMATA.
i.ip.iri'ld.
* Pitliuliijas tiirgiiliis,Vo\>e. + I'liliiol'igiiK liayileni, Loiily.
OARNIVORA.
(■KEODONTA. J[i/iinn(l<t)ltiilir.
* + Ifyttnii'lim cruetitus, Leidy. + HyiTKodov crueiftvs, Leidy.
* + llemipsuMon (jrnndis. Cope.
FlS-SIPEUIA (C'AliNIVOHA VEIU).
Cmihl'r, + Cynodklis lijipin'-dltMnns (Co[>e). + JJii/ihinius /diniif, S<ott. + rrotemv''cyon haitshorniavus (Coin!).
FAiil.v. + llhuct:." frliii'i, Leiily.
IS
PIB0E8. ACTINOPTBRYOII. AmiA WHITHAVesiANA, Cope. '*"'tr,ifZi:rhn'r"'J'','- '"'* *''"•'" '■■"'" "-""^^-o- "^ Lo«er Miocene,.,
Cvpr!i hr'"Thl'.vnrT!v "•"•"."'"""""• ';-^- "- -"'- i" '- expedition of 1004 to , de,on..e.l ,n the follow.ng page., ure in the Muaeum ...the (ieoIo«ical Survey at ZZa"
AmIA MACROSPONtiyLA, Cope. ..,„■« w«,r.,/M«,/y/,, rope, 1891. The species from the Oligoce-.e or Lower Miooct.e bo
Cope e8t«l.li«hc.l thU «peeie» on a single vertehra (mm the CJvpresH hills. No a.Mi.io,, n.atenal.s.ncl,..le.l n. the eolleetion of 1904, to throw .urther' ight o„ the r.::.:::::
A MIA EXILIS. Sp. nov. Plate I, tigs. 1-6. A number of centra, fonn.l separately, represent an apparently un.le«cribe.l sneci,
both of which species arc from the Oli-ocone of the Cypress hills. ^
a.e wiu! m' '"''" 't""""",";"^"^*'' American species of .lm,V, so far .lescrihe.] are of E^-en age. w,th the exception ot the two Oli.irocene species above mentiore.l.
Amia,j-;tis was about the size ot Amh d.n.i,,.. Leidv fron. M,o llri i v Wyomin,; >.uthad vertebral centra of ,uite a. lifilrln'tirape.' ""J'^- f'-ne .
Ti.e centn. on which Ami,, tdlis is founded arc m.«tlv from the dorsal region and var somewhat ,n sue, bei.ii, probably from a number of in.livi.lnals The o ,e T' .
:"'? •• "^'"T.'' f ^' - •■■•o"' the mi.ldle dorsal s.rio: i: one of tri. '^ .7 ^
poc.,niens,a„dis about the bcs, p.e.crved (type,. Its articular faces are o ^ in outl with he major axis horizon'..!, the height being but sli.rbtlv over t«^,M rl breadth Its thickness (length,, is e,u„. t! about l^i.f the nSu^ Li! r: ' .«: ^\ percep ,blo tlattemn. ot ,hc u,,pe- surtuce. The concave articular sur.hccs exh H t o ..entric line., but have the genera, ap, ..ran.e of being rather Bmooth. A smal notrchorj _or«men. prcscrve.l ,n a 1 the specimens, pierces the contrun. „, about mid-lTe 1 So
..the median line ot the upper surface, the tloor of the neural ..anal appearTa '„ n row oblong transversely concave depression, with a shallowly excavate,! are.'' .Ze , ol I "» each si.lc ot It, marking the position ..f the base of the neurai.onbvsis Th n .
aro placed slightly below the middle of the si.les; they r'ZT-in '^Lr ^H'w^;
•ppiirently very «hort. On the lower siirfaeo, one on ench -ide of the mciliuii line anil nlmcHit touching, arc two (loorly detincMl very »hiillow ohlonu: "lepro 'otm — (well ilotinetl ami eom- lianitively <lee|. in one of the .tniall lentra). The kIcU'^ ot the centniui are slijjhtly doprefweil hetwcen the rained marjtinsof the articnlar facen; here the Kurlat-e when preserved i» Keen to he tiiarkcd l>y short inofieultttinii: ridges directed untcro-po-'teriorly. Tlie structure of the articular faces is dense; that of the rcmiiinder, which forms the ■■rcator part of the centrum, is ttnely cancclloug.
.1/. iisin • ttifuln.
Tvi«' "pciiiiii'n. I'liiti- I, (liitiri'w 1. J lonl '.
tll'i;,'lll l>f c rllliuill
lir.'iultli
l-'i>.'tll
SiiimIU'i- sjM-)-irii(*n.
lli-iulit cif (rntniiii
Breiidth
r...natli
MM
I:! (I 16 ,s
."> M
'.Ml 11 U
A hasi-occipital bone that apparently helonjrs to this species is shown on jilate I, figures 4, 5 and 6. Its posterior tenuiiialion has the form of a vertebral centrum having a concave surface Inr articulation with the first vertebra. The bono narrows slightly forward ; anteriorly it is incomplete, but apparently only a small portion is missinir. Seen trom above, (tig. 4), there is a deep excavation in the median line at some distance in advance of the posterior end, representing the binder b isal part of the brain caviiy. .Vbove, posteriorly, is seen the tloor of ihe fnrameii iiin/iniiiii, extending backward from the brain cavity as a narrow smooth surface, on caib side of which is an area indicating the probable position of occipital arches such as are found in the living Amhi lalv'i, l.inn. Laterally, and directed upward and outwartl, occur concave facets for the articulation of the exo. cipituls. Interiorly, (tig. fi), the hone is flatly convex trinsvcrsely, with a broad median longitudinal groove ihat does not extend backward to the border of the articulating cup. On each side of the basal surface is preserved the facet for the parasphenoid which evidently in this tossil form terminated [lostcriorly in two branches as in the livinir species. .\ canal enters the basi-occipital at the side (.-, fig. 4) and Is an exit Irom the lower surface besidea similar opening of the corresponding cauiil of the opposite sidoof the bone: this pair of foramina have their position in the median line of the bone between the binder ends of the parasphenoid. The posterior articulating cup. tig. 6, cor- responds in general size ami contour with t' type centrum of Amia ,.r/lis. its breadth being considerably greater than the height. Slightly above mid-height iji the cup is a mii.ute notocbordal foramen. As sei'ii from behind, the outline of the cup is rather flat in the centre below, and lati-niUy subangular. The limits of the vertebra forming the posterior end of the basi-occipital, bcimr the third of the three verlcbne that are thought to enter into the com- position of tbi.- bone, are faintly indicated in the specimen.
liEl'liiOSiEis LONcrs, >| . niiv,
Plate I, tigs. 7, 8 and !•.
A species of /.rpi'loxiens U represented by an opisiboeulous vertebra. A few thick, smoothlv enamelled, rhomboid scales, included in the collection, probably belong to the same species as the vertebra.
u
The vortelirul ocntram in from iibniit the miilillo of tho tlortal lu-rioi, ami in loiitr in pro- |)ortioii to its breadth and hoi^lit. In ond viow tin- iiriiciiliir mirfacuM aro Hix-i*idu«l, the anterior Harfuco it tllKhlly convt-x : ttie poittcrior onu ai Kli)(litly conoavo. Tlio pani|iophyii»ii are ^ivon otf at |Ik> niid-hci){ht of thi< contrum • liitio in advance of tlie mid-lun^ib,/), Hg. 9. Itencath euch iiurapophyaiii la a deep foasa, long in an iintero-|iosterior direction, occupying the laterui inferior face of the centrum and separated from its tcllow Ity the narrow, Hal inferior inrface which is broadest at either end, where it iH al8<> moot <lcoply in)preii«e<l l>y a longitudinal median groove. The iinrfacc lietwceri the purupopliyses and tho neurup<iphy8eg, II, Hg. 7, ia deeply ercavated. The Hoor of the neural canal chitnncU the upper Hurfuce of the cenirum, tho deprctaion being greiittnl at mid-length. There !« alito a Bniull ioiwa above, u little iH^hinil tho par«|K)phyiei«. Tho inrface ot the centrum throughout U quite xmiHilh.
A conipicuou8 character of the above centrum ia itH length aii compure<l with its height and breadth ; length of centrum, along median line, interiorly, 10 mm. ; height of posterior articular face, ti-H nmi. ; liresdtb of same, H'3 ram.
The name longus ia here made use of for the fossil gar represented by the Cypress Hills Hpecimen.
RlllNBAni!.-; Hli.KAg.
Plate I, figs. 10-lti.
Rliinmatis rhutit. Cope, 1891. Tlie species from the Oligocene or Lower Mio<-ene beds of the Cypress hills. tJeol. Sur\'ey of Canada, Contr. to Can. l'al:>'ont., vol. Ill (quarto), pt. f, p. 3, pi. I, figs. 8, 3(j and 3//.
A few broken vertebnc are apparently reterable to this specie!*. In comparison with the type material, the internal structure of the centrum in the prexc'.t <ecimeriH is neen to be the same, vi/.., close net vertical lamin:i' parallel to the articular iturfaccii.
The vertebra' mentioned in the original dcsiiiption of the species consist of a median abdominal vertebra (the type spec.mcn), and a second centrum that is referred by Cope to this species not without some doubt. There is with this material a third vertebra, not mentioned by I'rofessor Cope, and possibly not seen by him, which is slightly larger, and more jierfect than the type. This specimen, with little doubt, belongs to this species, but calls for remark in that it is definitely flattened below, and is without a fossa beneath the base of tho diapopbysis. In the type the inferior sirface is broken away.
In the 1904 collection are a number of bases of pectoral spiiics, serrated on both the anterior an«l [losterior borders, probably referable to Illiinftislin rlniiis. In the genus Amiiinis, to which the other Siluroid remains in the collection belong, the pectoral spine is serrated on the posterior border only, whilst in U'iinea.sl,s this spine may be serrated on one or both borders.
All tho pectoral spines aro imperfect distally, and show a considcridile range in size. One of the most perfect is small, but gives the details of ornamentation well. The sides are covered with low narrow longitudinal ridges which often inosculate. There is no sign of tuberculation here; such as is found in conjunction with longitudinal ridges on the spines of ylnwy e//«r^iB(' of the middle KiR-ene of Kngland, and Belgium. On the anterior border there is a median serrated riilge bounded on either side by a well-marked narrow groove.
V,
Tliero ure iiiiic outwanlly directed KerrutioiiH in n ><|.iii>' »f H niiii A -•iniilui' rid^-o likuwt«o occiirn (III th«< i«)«terior ImrJer with ^VficMy lurjfcr wrrutioii^ iiIkhiI lix of the liifti-r m-. iirriii)c in u •|.ttw of 8 mm. TIk-im' ponterior «!rruti..in uliiw u reiiilfiicy to |Kiiiit Imikwurd, and tliey arc not ooiitiiiiio.1 no fur toward tJie buiw ot the »|'iii<' a» nro tiioieof tlie uiitorioi liordcr. Tha iiieumiremeiitii of tliin xpecimuii uie u* follow-. :—l«ii)ith (diittul Imlf nii«*in)t) 1:5 mm.. jrrctttMt hoijflit at proximal end B mm., untL>ri)-|iortturior diuiiuter at broken ilistul end about 2 8 mm., willi a vertieul diaraetor dirttnlly ot about Iti mm. The peotoriil i-piiu-H in the lol- lection are of varioiu uizen, from 4 iip to It! mm., an iiieaiiured in a vertiiul direction ucro-in the \mm, with tiic more anterior juirt in proportion
The Borratioim in tlie majority of tiie Bpecimeim have Iteeii worn down, and in some mtvo alm'iHt entirely rumoveil. althoiijfh indicutioiix of lliein can xtill be men. In the lar){eiit Kpeeiiiieii (Iti ram. aeroxs the Imno) the mimbur of ucrruiioim in a "pace ol :) mm. \» alont itix on iMith IwrderB. In all. the ornamentation of the nides in the Kume.
A few dor*al Bn spines, with sculpture similar to that of the i^itoral spines, are, probably, also relerable to this speciex They are broken across at some distuiue Ironi the base, and the distal en 1 lost. One, of small size and ..omewhat worn, is serrated on Inith lionlers. In a iecoiid, a larjfe s|.ine, figs. 14, 1.". and If., the anterior border is rugose, and no satisfactory evidence of serrations can be made out ; posteriorly its surface is deeply groovc.l proximally us in the smaller spine, and the specimen is broken otl' behind where the serrations would probably begin. The measurements of this large spine arc— length of specimen :!0 mm... breadth across proximal end IH mm., untcro-postcrior diameter at Iractured distal end 8 mm. transverse diameter distally OS mm.
A number of fragments from the distal end of spines are, probably, also referable here They are longitudinally striated, and three are serrated on both borders. AiK.tlici- is serrutcU at least on the isjsterior border ; whilst one beuis on its posterior border conipiiratively long buckwardly curved barWike denticles (tigure 13).
These spines appear to approach closely, in detail of ornamentation ami shape, to those of /;. arcuatus, described by Cope from the Hridver Kocene of Wyoining. In the Oligocetie specimens the serrations of the borilers, imd the ornamentation generally, are on a smaller scale.
AMIIRU.< c ANCELLAT18, Cope.
Amiiirus eiinrdlatiis. Cope, 18!>1. The species from the Oligocene or Lower Miocene bods of the Cypress bills. Geol. Survey of Canaila, Coiitr. to tJan. Palnont., vol. Ill (ipiarto), pt. I. p. 3, pi. I, figs. 4, i'i-l>. 5, bo-h. This species, founded on two vertebral centra from tlie Cypress hills, is one of two species
of the genus described from this region.
In the 1904 collection are a few centra, with parts of others, that, judiriiig from their form and siructure in comparison with the type specimens, are apparently refe. ible to C^ope's species.
In the type specimens the dense tissue of the articular surfaces is suc<-oedcd within by vertical laminic forming two thin layers whii'h are connected by tissue, disposed for the most part longitudinally, in which are many openings of variable size having their longer axes in
mi iiiii«nv|HHt«riur ilinH.'(ioii. Tlii* i>|it>ii ■lria-turi'ovtti|iiei tliu gruutvr |Hirt of th<' tliirkiivn nt'tbr cviitruiii.
Thu 11)04 «ptH.'iiiit)ii« Imvi- tbit gt'tiiTal niriivturf. with ii ri>iii*iiU>rul>lu variiiiiuv »'• to tin niiiiilMr, iii/.e, •ml iliit|>iMiti<>ii of tlu> <>|>vtiiii^ii in i)u< iniior tiMiic. Sii|ii>rt<>rly iliuri' ix u I'cntrii «xuitvutioii or t'oMu, with uiiu niorv or Iukh i|i'V('Io|ii'iI on oitlior r<iil>' of ttic cuiitre Ijitorully i (iwHa ii |iroiH)nt liencuth tliu Immi ol the diu|K)|ihyiH!i>, und on I he lower i>iirtit('e thoru ia i median, tin)(li>, ur doiiblu foMii.
AMIURI II M VI ONNILI.I, Co|>f.
Amiiinix mnfiinntlti, Co\>o, I8!)l. 'I'hu Kimciun I'mni the Oliitixx'Mu or Lowt-r MitK-cni' lie<l of lliu Cy|irfni» liillii. (luol. Stirvoy of Cunaihi, Contr. to Uum. I'liliront. vol. Ill (i|iiiii'li>) l.t. I, p. 4, 1>1. I, \\)(». ti, «"-/<, 7./-'-.
The vcrtt'lirii' of thiH iixteie* ditt'er tnmi thowof the prccediii;; principolly in huvinx tin inner lon^itndiniilly ili!<|Miiw}<l tixDUi' ni(irui'oin|iut't. Tliin liititiic, in wliirli there i>< a conKpii'iioui libiienft' of \»T)Ci' opvnint^K, i« nniilu up of ultMiilcr lonifitinliiml xtrunilii with Heeondury roiino't in^ uno« At right nii)(lt'« to the forinor, K'uvini; kiiiuII iiiterK|>ui'ui«. Am in A. r.iti,; luiln.i, then
are vertival laini lieni'Utli the di-nsc articular Hiirfaci' layor of tiii8ne, Imt they oirnpy i
greater thii-knoM and eomtuiiuently ri'strii't tliu iniiurmoiit uanuelloiiM tixgnu to a narrowei area.
C'o[ie, in deMorihing thi^ two centra on whii'h thin KpvvioH \r liaiod, Htati-H that they an without a fosHii iin the inferior face. Thin ix no di>ul>t an error of olmcrvation, m in the liirj?ei of the two type Rpot'imeMH there ii* a Hinjjle dee|> fo^Mi lielow, and in the iinaller eentnini tliert it uIm) a ainjfle median inferior fouia.
.\ few imperfect centra and larjte vertehni! fragnient8 belonging to the collection of l!'0^ are probably relieruble to this species.
The lower or proximal ends of a few dorsal tin spines, dillbriiig from those that have beei provisionally assigned to lil'iiitantes rhufis, are in the collection of 1004.
These spines may have belonged to one of the two s|iecieg of Amiuru.i hero referred to or possibly \mth species may be represented. They differ considerably in size, and wert apparently wiihout tubercles, or longitiulinal sculpture ridges on their sides. From tb« apecimcns it is impossible to state whether serrations were present along the anterior, am; posterior edges, or not. The sides of the spines were apparently smonth, but tbespecimcns arj either slightly "oru or weathered so that, any <lelieate markings, if they wore present, bavt been obliterated. The largest specimen, tigiires 14, 15 ami III, lias a maximum transversi diameter at the base of 13 mm., the smallest does not exceed 15 mm., measured similarly.
The largest spine is one that has been broken off farthest from the proximal eml It ii subtriangular in section above the base, and is excavated longitiidinully behind by a dee| groove. Above, the ridge bounding the po.sterior groove on one side persists, on the othei sile it disappears, so that the s[iinc is not bilaterally symmetrical. The lateral surface of tin spine, on the side on which the posterior ridge continues, is convex, the opposite side is sligbtl^ concave. In tlie centre of the angular anterior surface is a longitiulinal, shallow, but well defined, narrow groove. The basal |ierf'ora'iiin is about .'i mm. wide. Seen sideways tin anterior 8urfac>i CUT ves backward, the pnsterior outline is almost straight. Measured from back to front, near the distal end of the specimen, the diameter is 12 mm. , the transverse measurement at the sanje height from the base is about 7 mm.
IT
Ci>ni|«r«<l with ■ <lor»«l *\me1> oif Ariut «'/^' w/, rut. h^i)U'U.i, r<ericho, I'rom th« Koctiiw of Kelgium, th« (■yi'iwwi HilU -piiio U much nior. bunt •bove, •llhouKli tho proximal <fw\ uA I he bMiil |N>rfiirutioti am ot alHMit tho Mtiue iii/.uiii vuch.
KKPTIUA UHBLONIA
Amudtiira okmataT T^itly. I'ltttu I, Hit*. 17, 1H und 19. .lnw/.o" <>,ml,i, U'l.ly, 1871. Prw. AiimI. Nut. Sti. Thilu , p. 102.
A inur){iii»l pl»to of k turtle from the eiwlurii otcarpmoiit i>f the Oypromi hilln (lolltiti"' of 1!»04) iH-iim HO •trikinjf a renonililancc in jfuneral form und oriianieiilatioii to thoiw oi I^-itly » »l«citi fnjMi tlie IJridger FkK'ono of Wyoming, fliut it i», for the prt-Nent, refurred to timt K|i«ciei«.
The plato is triangular in xection, tho free i-dge being iharp and Kinooth, tho inni-r surfaio oxoiivatod (figure 10). it Ih apparently tho eleventh plate from the right xide of the Mliell Tho wulpturo beiu«th, tig. ix. ooiisiittft of dii<liiict, di«contiiiuous, rudiuting ridgen of varying length with a few tuborclos at tho centre. The iip|ier gurfiico, tig. 17, in somewhat similarly, but more ru^oeoly ornamonte<l,the tolwroleH here prodomiimting ; ulthongh toward tho margimt of tJie plate thoy tend to coalewo into short divenrcnt ridgen. A furrow acroM the middle of tlie upper »urface marks where contiguouii epidermal uliieldd met. Tliii groove is continued, thougii very faititly, on the under surface of the plate. Leidy was doubtful as to tho presence of shioldfc in this species. In his de»cripti<m** be mentions that tiie slioll "appears to bt> devoid of the tisual outlines more or lew strongly expressed, of tho inrosting scutes."
A second marginal plate from the same locality bears a siiglitly different sculptii'f . The upper surface is granulose throughout, without the formation of definite ridges, althougli the tu»)ercl*.s frequently coalesce. The lower surface would bo «|uite smooth but for an inilisLinct granulation near the free border. The plate is wedge shaped, shallowly concave above, but convex beneath, and grooved on the inner border. A suli us also in this plate denotes the presence of epidermal shields. The anterior marginals in the tyi.e arc stated to be smooth beneath, and it is probable that this plate l)elong8 to that part of the shell anterior t.. ti.e axillary notch.
In none couWe. Cypress hills, was found another specimen prolmbly belonging to the species represented by the eastern escarpment marginals. It is a lateral margmal, prolmbly the fifth of the right side, and is detinitely sculptured in agreement with the ty|)e of A . orvahi. Thi^ specimen iilso bears scute impressions.
.More material is needed to more definitely lieiermiiie tho Cypross Hills species, which, from tho evidence now available, and so far as a cimiparison can bo made, apparently very closely resembles the Eocene species destribed by Leiily. .vaditionul specimens, however, will probably prove the Cypress Hills species to be distinct from A. nrti'ita, bringing to light a form representative of tho Oligocene dei)osit8.
•^H^.oir«. du Miwe K..V.1 (l'Hi.t..ir,- Xnturell- .1.- li, Igi.,"-. t. HI. I..- f..i«...i. r.<H;.n... rt.- 1. J1.1k..|"-. I«r Mauri,-.- I*ric-lie. I'.WS, p. IW, |il. IX. hg». 4 and ."i.
•• l(s73. C-.ntr. t.. th.- Kxtiiict Vrrteliratr Kauiia of tin- \V,..t.rn T. rrit..ri... K.l«.rt I S. (i,-,.l. Sirvey lerr... ml. I. II 17.5, 1.1. XVI. lift.. 1 B. l-.'.')29— 3
r^
HTTUMII NU'UfOKHtll, I^UIy.
Thki ipaoiM liM alrcwl/ batn reomlMi bjr I'opt*, (Ihi* ?olani«, |it I, p. 6) from the I waterauf Hwift-oiirrant crack in llmie coiilt>« (ci>llovtii>ri o( IHB4), whu ciMmiiUreil llmt uc IraKiuentt Inmithii locality w«r«t nut iiiitin){tii><habl« frntii l.ciil)r'ii ii|K)ciui from the OWft" ol Houth Dakota Mid ColonKlu. The 1904 colluvtioii inulmlu* |>urlji of tlio i»h«tll ul • tor whiuh it alto, aitiwrttntly, rvftralilo to the ramu (pwie*,
TUTVIO lEXDHNATA, I«ml>«.
I'lute I, »g* UO, 21 and 2:^. '"r«(Mi^« rxornahi, Uml>e, tM6. Ottawa Naliinili<t, vol. XIX, p. 1m7, pi. 8, tig*. I, i ami
AmoDf the chelonian remain* of the Cyprow liilU Oligoveiie collectlun of ttK)4 are of a number of ooetal plate* that were tloMribed in I90'J, at apiwrtainin); to a new up ol 7V«'tti/o, under the alwre name.
Ttie s|)«cim«nii were fiund leiiarateljr, but wore cuniidvrud to Iwlonx. evidently, to the i ■|)eoi*a. The three flgund are the iifoximal und of the loft Hrat (-uiilal, Ihu dittal half o left titlh coatal, and the proximal end ot the left lixth co«tal.
All the tpeciroent ihow deoiiled groove markinjtii. The iltiital end of the tilth <' plate 'figure 20, the typo of the aiiecieii), it particularly narrow antl thick, tiut itn ouilinu cate* that the bone when entire had a coniiderablv lirvatlth proxinially. It* up|ier hu preeenta a number uf parallel ahallow furrow* in the direction of the length of the cura It in thickened along itii (lodtcrior articular border where it joined the nimilurly thick anterior Iwrder of the nixth coNtal, thua forming a ttont ridge for the reception of the in" buttrem.
Thee|tecimen ihown in figure 21, ia apparently the proximal end of the left aixth c plate. This oo<tal when complete wai evidently much bniader toward its outer end. ■ulci on the upfwr surface mark the |KMition of the fourth vertebral, uUo the third, and fc coetui ihieldi. I >ittinct grooves also crosa this plate from aide to tide near its inner end, w the tu'ural lurfacct for articulation with the sixth and seventh neural pla )irt> preserve
The thinl specimen, figure 22, is the inner end of the left ttmt costal. On its aurfuc( concentric grooves indicating an epidermal ahicid pattern !iuch as is found in some ol modem B{Hicics of the genu*.
These s(Miuimeu!* show that the costal plates wore alternately narrow rnd broad disi and broad and narrow proxinially : a common character of apucios of Ti-atuih.
M'-nnHrrmi'ntH.
M.M. l»t Costiil pUte. Pl«t4' I, fttfure li : -
Maximum thickncnn iit t'citre of |iri>xinml I'liJ 7
Thickness of •pe<'iiiirn at anterior sutun- •">
•* '* *' jMisterior " -I
.'(til Costal plati'. Typ«. Plate I, lijjun- i» :
TliickDess ut |iroxiiiiiil eiij (»f Hp«'(-iiiH'n •*
" near ili«tal end at iintcrior sutuie '>
" (liHtully near piwtcrior MUturi' **
tllh Costal plate. Plato I, ti){,ire lil : —
Tliickni'« at proximal end . . f
from tha hea*l- )il lliat ucrtniii tli« Oli)(i><.'en« ill ol • torttiiav
I. I, i Mntl a.
ttH)4itru|wrU It new DiiMiu*
ily, to the rami- ntulhatl'ortlif
the litth <'<iH(ul til ouiliiiu inili- u|i|icr Hiirfitt'i' t' thu curupace. uriy thick>-iie<l ofthe in"uin»l
el't aixth cmtA ter end. r>iH';) lird, and fourth rier end, where V preserveil.
ita Kurfuc'O aru ill some ol' the
broad dittiilly,
MM.
It
ThU •|*.i«a U pecnilar ...i a<H-oant of th* extreme luirrowne.. and thiokne- of the ftJ. .H»tal Plate. The ..irface of tli c«fa|«ce l«.re « dUtiiKt (mtiem ol ««•«»» *»'»«>»' w-r". anteriorly at leaat. .minted c».. i.trically within the Umndarie. of the .|..dern«l -h.tld..
TaiKMYx t.^^vcorm^mo^*, (Vi*. Thi. .peel- wa- de«.ril.ed l.y «•..,«. In 1H9I*. Th. material on which it J. b«ed co„.Ut. of ,*rt ol a^i-tal U.ne fmm l«ono eoul.-e.Cypre-hlll.. (Mr T. C. W eeton'* .flleotion of 1h84) and M-uw well pre«.rv.d IraKi'ienl. from the White hot tee. l»akot».
In the collection of 1004 from Hone coulile are u n..nil»r of (n^mmU of ihell, prin- .•i|«ll.v l.r.>k.n coetal*. that are .'viduntly r.-forahlu to thU »|K.cie*.
Other fn.Km.nt. may Ik. aMlKiiubk- to T. ,..<«./.> r. Co,*, from the (Hlgocetie (Whito Kiver) of South Dakota, hut the material \» too |«K>r to ailmli ol a -ati.factory deternilnatioii.
8QUAMATA I'lLTMAI HI « ORABULiWOa, ('0|>e.
Hate 1, i\f a, -* »•>'• 8'* Mto>,a>,ri,» <j,.n>aUii», Coi*., IHlf. PaL.'ontoloKi.ul llullftin. No. V,, p. 5.
.. '• Co,K.. 1H74. Annual Uei-irt U. 8. Oeol. and Hook- Survey Terr..
Mi!Z.T.V'.'-l"»'''< f"I*, ll^H^- ■"'« Vurtehrata of the Tertiary Kormation. of the
Woit, i'S.Guol.SurveyTerr*.. vol. III.p. 773,pl.I.X, «K».3-11. /M(..-„«,«*.7.««««.,.«*,Un.lK.., Vm. Oeol. Survey of Canada, Summary Re,K,rt for 1J04.
p. StJti.
With iirm »piH.ie. are Idc.tiflid partof a left dentary (rt^. 2:1) an.l the ,K«tcrior half of a ri«ht maxilla (fij?. 24). In both of which .,*cimon* a nun,lH,r of the t.oih are preserved. A worn portion of a innood dentary from whi.h the teeth have In-en abnuleu, probably, alw lielotig* to thin Hpci'ies.
•riH. type HpcHimeii. dccribed by (!oih, are fro... tb. Miocene of north.ea.ten. Colorado; the Canadian .pe.in.on» w.rc obtained by the writer from the 01iK<K>ene be.Uol H«..e coul.e. Cypres* bill*, "' l'*04.
In the dentary -how., in tiirure -3. the teotl. are i.loMrodont.of fairmze. ol.i«il-.l.aped, and apparently i.i all particular- agreci..^ with tbone of the ty,K. specimen.. here are four „;• the large-t .eeth in a «pa e of about 5 mm. Th.- ma..dibulBr groove. .e< ■' ... the ...fenor ,urta.c ot-thc *p«.imcn, i- of largo «i/.c. «..d the dctary .•*..al i. well -l.own. piercing the bone ,„idw«y botwoc. the surface of attachment of the teeth tt..d the exterior .urtace ot the .pec nici. i.i which occur n few gniall forami.m.
In the maxilla there arc eight tocth prewrve.l, dirainixliing in »zo toward the hack. Exteriorly the bone curve, slightly outward behin' and above p,.>teriorly ii necn the g.irfaco for the articulation of the .jugal. The teeth correspoii.l in size with tho.se ot the dentary.
The Cvpie-s Hills «i«ciniens are gnialler than the correspondi..g bone* on which the -pecies i. bised, but there is no evi.lence to i.:dicate that they Inslong to a different spec|e«.
I. S.in.y ..f t'aii.ul^i. Ccnli. I.. <'ari.
• Tli.-»|>Hi.«(r..iii tl,..llhir.KfM. .•u|.'..nl.. V..I. 111. (.|'i;irt"i. I'l. 1. I'.
i.r Mi..im- li-il-"t th. CvlT..- Iiill" , tik.*... s kihI '.I.
L'O
A dermal Koute, fig. 25, Iroia Hone coul.'e, pogHibly referable to this speciee, may be tioned here. It u quadrangular in ghapc, flat, longer than hroad, ai.d broadest behind, straight sidea, and a coiivexly curved, 8har|.-od{;ed posterior margin. It attains a maxi thickness of 0-.. mm. in front and thins gradually to the rear. No overlapping surface •een. Above »t is finely tuberculated, the turlwrcieg being distinct from each other, and «et, about three in a space of 1 mm. A well defined median ri.Ige is developed ii direction of its length. This scute differs from those ot this species described by Cope, ir It 18 keeled, and the granulation, apparently, more distinct.
OdMOPIlIS COMPAITUS, Sp. nov.
I 'late I, figs. 26-30.
Ophi.lin„ vrtehrcc, I^mbe, 1905. Qeol. Survey of Canada, Summary Report for 1904, p.
Four dorsal vertebnr apparently belonging to the same species were found separ.
I hey are all of different sizes, and, probably, are from different individuals. The maxii
breadth is across the zygapophyses, which are broadly expanded laterally; it appar
exceeds the maximum height (unobtainable on account of the abrasion of the neural spii
all the specimens) and greatly exceeds the lernrth measured so as to include the pre-
postzygapophyses. A marked character is the shortness of the centrum. The cup is v
than high with a well .lefined sharp rim, and is directed very slightly downward The b
as slightly inclined upward. The /ygosphene is broader than the neural canal is wide, an.
aplaneupper8urface,anda straight sharp front margin that slightly overhangs then
nni of the cup. The neural spine starts as an angular ridge behind the upper surface ol
zygosphene. The neural canal is subtriangular in cross section, the angles being roui
with the apical one the most obtuse; its sides are slightlv incurved. A low rounded r
occupies the centre of the floor of the canal longitudinally, corresponding in shape witl
hypapophysial keel of the lower surface of the centrum. An angular interzygapoph
ridge IS feebly developed, the surfaces above and below the ridge being shallowly com
I he front margin of the neural arch between the postzygapophyses is, in outline as seen 1
atiove, deeply emarginate, restricting the space available for the base of the neural spine
fuiettesof the zygapophyses and of the /.ygosphene and zygantrum are inclined at a slight a
to each other, those of the zygapophyses being the less removed from the horizontal The c(
tubercle is not prominent ; its articular face in all the specimens is a little worn, but suflicie
well preserved to show that it is single. Its face is higher than broad, and is directed obli.i
outward and downward from beneath the prezygapophysisat a level corresponding with
of the cup. In the largest vertebra (No. 3) the articular face is seen to be convex above
slightly concave below posterioriy. A rounded ridge is developed near the base of
tubercle, and passes backwanl almost to the side of the ball at its mid-height. This ri
eave.s a longitu.linal .lepression on either .si.le of the hypapophysial ridge which passes f
the ball to the cup, and is well rounded and distinct but not prominent. There are »\
variations in the abov.> vertebr.. but their general proportions are similar. The vert.
hirurcd on j.late I is No. 2 of the table of measurements given below.
}.*'Ugt\l of
<'<-ntriiiii. ^ \ 4.
n":^:::-:.:..::::.::::;;--- '"
^"- ' t-3
nn':i<ltli
110
.rt.'lirn.
II. itfl.t ..f
.»'rt#'}ir!i. |..-t. S-O 6 0
r, I
B, may be men- at behind, with Ins a mttximum ng gurlaces are other, anil clof e veloped in the )y Cope, ill that
•r 1904, p. ;!66. tnd separately. The maximum
it apparently leural spine in le the pre- and le cup is wider J. The bull is < wide, an<l has ngg the upper
surface of the \>cmg rounded rounded ridge shape with the •zygapophysial owly concave, e as seen from »1 spine. The t a slight ungle al. The costal )ut autiiciently icted obli(juely ling with that 'ez above and a base of the !. This ridge h passes from ere are slight
'I'lie vertebra
>f v»'rt#'lira. |..-t. .S(t GO
r, I
This species is distinct from 0. nnnulalas described by Cope* from the White Kiver (Oligocene) beds of north-eastern Colorado. The vertebnc of Cope's species approach more closely in general form those of the Cypre.-s Hills specie- than do those of other described species of the genus. 0. nrniarum, Douglass,** from I he Flint Creek beds ( .Miocene) ot Mon- tana, dittisrs in important particulars.
OROOODILIA.
CKriconiLiis PRENASAU8? I^iomis. Cro-yxHlm prauisalus, Looiiiis, 1301. Two now river reptiles from the Titaiiothere beds ; Amer. .lour. Sci., vol. XVII I, p. 427. figs, l-'.i.
Few crocodilian remains were found in the Oligocene deposits of the Cypress hills in 1 004, and none ha.l been secured previous to that date. The writer obtained in 11»04 the following specimens :-two vertebral centra, two keeled scutes, a fragment of a pitted bono from the head anil a tooth. These specimens were found soparalely, but probably belong to the same species.
The vertebra, are from the dorsal region. T'ley are concave in front, and prominently convex behind, an.l in each case the base only of the neural anb remains. One specimen is much smaller than the other, and. probably, belonged to a young imlividual, asthesuturj between the neural arch and the centrum is strongly marked. The dermal scutes have numerous deep, rounded j.its in the upper surface, are prominently ki'clcd longitudinally, and their margins bear no evidence of having been in contact with other scutes. The under surface is even and tlat. The tooth is e'ongate conical and curved slightly inward, and bacic- ward ; its surface is quite smooth. The inner face is defined in front, and bcbin.l, by a w„ll developed ridge that extends from near the base to the apex. The base of the tooth is deeply excavated.
lAi'/e verlelii'ii : —
Maxiiiiiiiii iMiu'lli at mil liiifjht i.f iciitruin
Ilriu'lit iif anterior articular faci'
Miiximuin l)rca(ltli of same
Ili'iglil i)f iKisterinr artiiulai t'aie
.Maximuin tircaillli of >.ainr
I.«n){tli iif ll<K>r <>f iii'ural .'inial
I.eni'tli of iiifcriiir surfaci-
MM.
.■l."i
•JO f)
-2 |s -J
Small vi'rtelira :
Miiximum liiigtli al niiil liiiutit of ciMilruii.
Hiifilit of aiitiTior articular face
.Maximum Un-adlli "t same
Ilei^'lit of (josterior articulai face
.Mnximum hreailtli of same
lA'DKth of lloor of neural canal
I«nL'tli of inferior surfaei'
I.-, is l:i !.■)
\x \:>
li.'licirl r. X l!»il SuiMv'I'irra.. \..l. III. T.in n'. \ i rl.l'r.il:i .\unal»..f thcCiirnc|fi.-Mn-.Mlii. V.m. >..l. 1 1. An. \. |.. 171.
...I, I, l»l. I' :<'■
I«ir),'('r clerninl st'utt' : —
'•'■■'«"' i-O
lli'i'adtli .
Maxiiiiuiii lipi)r|it or tliickiipss - r
AviTaj.'c diameter of [lits .j
TiK)th : —
F/eiiL'th , _ .
, " Ii ■;>
Anil iii-posti'rior (liaiiictcr at Ikisc go
The above crocodilinn remainn are reforred iToviHoiially to ihe s|.ecio« lately dosi by Dr. F I!, f^oomis, trom the Titanotbere beds of South Dakota. The larjrer vertebra the Cypress hills agrees well in size, utid g.-neral proportions n-ith the South Dnkotu . centrum (p. 428. tig. 3, of Dr. Looniig-s paper), whilst the larsrer donnal sonte cl resembles the Dakota plates in the disposition and size of the surface pits
MAMMALIA.
MARSUPIALIA. DlDELI'llVS V<I.ENS, sp. IIOV.
Plato VIII, tigs. i_7.
An upper right molar from Bone coali'e, CJyprcss hills, is provisionally referred to genus. The tooth in crown view, is triangular in outline, has three prominent V-sb cusps, and a strong external style-bearing cingulurn. Of the three cusps, the wl one (protocone) occupies the apex of the triangle, the other two (paracone mctacone) form an antero-posterior pair somewhat removed from the external fac the tooth by the strong development of the einguluni. The three primary cusps compressed antero posteriorly, the protocone to a less extent than the other two; all their external slopes well excavated. The protocone is the stoutest, and is of about Ihe > height as the paracolic, which is the smalle.'it ; the metaccme isconspicuouslv higher ihaii others. At the base of the posterior spur of the protocone, is a decided though small fo cusp that may represent the hypocone. Three principal stylar cusps occur in the cingu ( »f these, the most prominent occir -es a position only slightly posterior to the mid-ior of the eingnlum : it is compressed lansveifloly, and has a vertical oxtornal face with a s( what rounded internal slope ; its height is nearly equal to that of the paracone. Of the o two stylar cusps one is at either end of the cingulun>, the anterior one being the larger o( two. The demarcation between the anterior style and the largo one posterior to it is ■ decided, ami is accentnate.l by a furrow in the vertical external face of the cingiilum. the anterior slope of the central stylar cusp are two inconspicuous secondary styles, cingulum is continued round the anterior base of the paracone as a narrow shelf. Tlio cr is borne on three short roots.
This tooth, plate Vri I. (igures 1-4, prolmbly the second or third upper molar, is consi ably larger than (slightly more than one-third as larg.. again as) the corresponding mr of Dhlelplnj.f [Per.ithenitm) faijuj; which exceeds in size the other species of the go described by Cope from the ojigocene ot Colorado. For the species represented iry Cypress Hills tooth the name valens is proposed. Collection of 1904.
!;i
L'O
It
.. l7-r> .. 92
alely flosiribod
r vertebra from
Dnkofu iliirsiil
Hciite closely
eforrod to this iient V-sliapod , tho interiiiil (iiiracone ami Icrnal face of ury CI1BJ18 are
two ; all have bout the same glicr I ban the li small fourtli the cingiilum. ic mid-loiigtii
with a soiiie- Oftbi-olhor a larsrer of the )r to it is very iiijiiliiiii. On ■ stylus. Tho '. Tlio crown
ir, is consider. )nclinj; molars of the jreims icnted by tlic
U'liiith of oxtcrnal fiice of ciown
Tran»versi' diami'lei
I^n'.'tli of iiiterno p<»terior face
Miixiiiiuiii lieij4lit of urown (licijjtil of meUccim?)
MM.
:• .-lO .■I .iO i:iu
The presence of an incipient hypocoiie is a deiidedly progressive character, and one that lias been considered by Bensley* in the Australian genua I'eramoles aa an indication of a change from an " ins.-ctivorous to an omnivorous condition." The liy|K)cone appears not to be present in the molars of Dvlelphjs, and suggests that the Cypress Hills tooth may repre- seni a distinct genus. Umler the circumstances, however, with eo little evidence to go on, a provisional reference to the alKJve, mainly Oligocoi.e genus is at present adhered to.
Another small tooth, plate VIII, figures 5-7, from the same locality as the above, deserves attention. It possibly represents an undescribed g.inis of marsupial of the polyproto<lont section, but the one small tooth fonn.l is (piite insutficicnt f.rany definite determination. The crown is triangular in cross section, and consists of a high, apical, principal cusp, subpyramidal in shai-e, with two less elevated, conical, subefiual cusps occupying the ba^e ot the triangle. The tooth lias one root which would suggest an anterior premolar, bit the crown id niolariform, uiid presumably a pi.sterior molar is represented. Uegarding ^he tooth as a lower molar, the principal apical c • n is ihe protoconid, the smaller pair being tlie metaconid and paraconid occupying intern il posterior and anterior positions respectively. A cingulum is continuous roun<r the base of the crown except internally. Anteriorly, and externallj', the cingulum is feeble, but posteriorly it becomes accentuated, and ends abruptly beneath the posterior slope of the metaconid in "a minute tubercle. On the internal face of the crown a vertical furrow occurs between the bases ot the two smaller cusps.
MM.
1 -JO I ."lO
I KO
II s.j
Sffamireini nin.
Miixiimiiii iinteiMpcsteiiordiiiiiictPr of cr.wii
" tfaiiHverse diameter of erowii
Hei;;lit of exteiiiiil cu»|> (iiiot.H-iiiiiil)
•' internal cusps (iiietiieimid ami paraeoiiiil)
The second lower molar of Xotoryrtes fi/phloi,s*, Stirling, has a cusp arrangement very similar to that of the Cypress Hills tooth, suggesting that the dentition of this living Australian marsupial may be primitive in some of its characters rather than specialized, 'n the Cypress Hills tooth, however, the talonid is only indicated by a minute tubercle, or eni.,'gcmeiitof the cin.'uhim ar the base of the metaconid, proportionately much smaller than the definite sub- sidiary cusp of yotoryetes.
It is possible that this tooth, and the upper molar above described, both of the collection of 1904, may belong to the same animal.
• (liitli.- Kv..liiti.iii..f III'- An-traliiin M;ir«u|.iiili;i ; with iviiiiirks "li tli.- rHliili.m-lii|i» "f tli,. iiii.r.u|.;i.l» in i:.h.Tiil, l.j li. .Villnii ll..n»l.-v. I'll. II., I'iii%.-r»it.v nf T..r"nti. ; Trail.. I.iiin.an S.i.ifty. v„l. I.\, |i.wt :l, VMiX
• Tlii«t...,tlii»il.'»,ril«-.l:ii..lKi{iir.ill.v l>r. I'.,ri»l.y in hi- iii'ni..ir ..f VM\. ].. U:>. I'M'., Hil«. 17 .i '..
84
UNOULATA AnCOUIS (IfVOTOTAMUS) BKA.HVHUV.VCIICS 08l,0n. ui.d Wortmuii.
I'lutoll, figH. I_9. ^W-o'--* '.■..Av;V.A«, ()«born and Wor.nuu, 1894. Kossil Mam,„»lH ..f ,he .Miocene White K.ver l.oj.. (Collection of 1892; ISulletin Amer. Mu.. \at IIi« VI, article vii, p. 220, fig. 8ii.
This genus was not known from Cana.la prior to the publication of the writer-* li«t o
year 1,)01. Unfortunately, geparato teeth are the only evidence that wo as vei have e.x.atence of this artiodactyl in this country during ( )ligocen.. time.
A well preserved right upper third molar, fig. 1, belongh.g to this genus i, inclu.l
L:;tn Ti v'V' "'"' i" ?""^"'* '" '' ^•^'^■™'"'' *" ^- ''™^'/%-5iXoi n : d '
man f«,m the IVotoceras beds of South Dakota In this species there i a greater .le m^o the cinj^ilumin theupper premolars and molursth:., in A,,„,,„-,v,l|l
respect as well as ,n .ts general proportions this tooth agrees better with the corresno, one of l,r,.,,yr>„jnchns than with that of „«.r,Va«..,. In the (Cypr.^s .Fills tooth he Is .s prominen, m the ectoloph, and apparently more protrudent' than in >,ra.>.,rl,n7us protoconule .s well dehued and throughout the cingulum is moderately developed.
Mt'n-ttiri'mi'ufs. • I . J
Antero |ii)«teiior dimni-ter ',|
Anti'rioi- transverse diiimetrr "' .
PoNtt'riiii' triinsviTse <iiiiiiietri-
Hei^lil iif paniroiip
Hei;{ht of piotocone
1 2 ■ T)
.,th .r?'ltu r""^ ^^^^ *!'?"'' "^ '•" ''^°^*' *°""'' "'"^ »* the same level, were found ot^er teeth that appear to belong to this genus, and are probablv refe.abi; to this sn, These teeth are determined as follows :-a left low.r first incisor, a right lower third a right lower oanine and an upper left third premolar, all figured in pfate II. The ,,rem fig. 2, IS s ighMy smal er than the same tooth in /.•.„■/-, r/,y„. A, „, but Is otherwise very sin particularly a, regards the shelf-like, interno-posterior expansion ot the cingulum w greatly increases the breadth of the tooth behind. As seen from below, fi.. I tZ Z ol the tooth ..s triangular, with the inner posterior angle obtusely rounded. The cir.gulu continuous throughout, and is conspicuously prominent internally.
The lower canine agrees in shape with th.. corresponding tooth of the IIyo,,otan.ns 1 the Lower Miocene of Ronton, near Puy-en-Velay (Haute Loire), France, as tigureO vowa evdcy in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Socie^v of Loi'.don, S IbS, p 1 XXMX, hgs. 3, 3 . Its crown, viewed trom the si.le, is nearly triangular, si u pointed above (unworn), wi,h its height slightly in excess ot the basal brea.lth its ant« and posterior slopes are sharp-e-lged, the former curving inward below. The exterior face hg. a, ,s convex, somewhat tlattene.l behind. Internally, fig. 4, it is excavated wi median vertical rib breaking the general concavity. •>'»." excavated, wi
Is i)f I he rA>\ver N'lit. Hint., vol.
2ft
Of the incisor teeth, the suiiiKwed lower third, 6gs. Band 7, is very similar in gha|«! to thu canine, but i« smallor, Icsa pointeil aliovo (worn), and the broitdth of the crowi hclow ia {troator than the licight. The crown \» act oliliquely to the root. Tlie left lower incisor, fijJiH. K and 9, probably tlie first, is considerably worn above where the "rcatest breadth oieiirs. Its c'\itting edge forms an almost straight line arrosi", and the later niar^'ins slope gently inward to the root, without the abrupt basal count liotion observed in the third incisor. Internally the iTown is concave, with a median lonjfitudinal rib.
ter'slist of fossil Survey for the yei have of tlio
9, i» included in born and Wort- creator <lcvelop- «.«, l-eidy, from ous, and in this correapondinj; h the niortostyle 'jrhi/mhus : the >ped.
.M.M.
■JIP . 31 .-.
L'C. . l.ifl . IL' ,-.
■ere found four o this species, r third incisor, Thejiremolar, « very similar, .srulum, which S, the outline le ciiij;uliim is
i|ic)tanins from 13 figured by an, 1873, vol. gular, sliarply Its anterior e exterior siir- ivated, with a
ANTIlMAroTHKIIIUM? rYliJI.MM, >p. UOV.
Plate VI, tig. •!.
A right upper molar of very nmall oi/e indicates an artiodactyl with tleiital characters sutfgcstivc of an AnthracoilnTc \n the tooth U imiicrfect. lacking some of tiie partx moat essential for ils exact ilcterni ition, a description ot it is given, in the hope that at some future date, better material may be forthconiiiij;. For ihe present it is referred to .In/Zimc- th'i-ium, but it is probable that an undescribed genus is represented. For the species I he name pygmirum is proposed.
In crown view the outline of the tooth is iiuadrangular, with the aiitcro-poaterior diam- eter internally greater than the anterior transverse <liameter, so that the tooth is longer than broad. In Anlhrn'-nthrrium and Am-odus those proportions are reversed. The margin of the tooth is perfect anteriorly and internally, but externally and posteriorly it is damaged. The specimen lacks the raesostyle and the posterior slopes of the metacone and hypocone. The four main cusps are crescent sliapeil and there is a distinct but small protoconule.
A doop transverse valley separates the anterior from the posterior cusps, a comparatively shallow longitudinal valley occurs between the ; -otocono and theparacone, but a correspond- ing valley does not exist between the hypocone and metacone. The protoione is larger and more elevated than the hypocone, but both are prominent with steep inner slopes. A broad, median rib occupies the outer, otherwise slightly concave slope of the former. The paraconc is low (in the specimen much worn), but the metacone rises nearly to the height of tlie hypocone, wliose outer slope is short, and descends but little to meet it. The outer slope oi' the paracone (judging from the small portion of it preserved) resembled tliat of the proto- cone. The anterior spur of the protocone reaches to the protoconule, which is close to i> well- detined anterior cingulum. The posterior spur of the protocone is long, crosses tl:e median transverse valley, and rises oti the anterior slope of the hypocone nearly to the apex of the metacone. The basal lingulum occurs on the anterior face of the erown, and in the inner end of the transverse valley The anterior spur of the hypocone connects with the |iosterior spur of the I'rotocone almost at the apex ot the metacone. The specimen shows the junction of the anterior spur of the metacone with the posterior one i)f the paracone, but the mesottyle is missing. The parastylc is very feebly ilevelopeil.
The approximation of the posterior cusps in this tooth is a cbaraclor probably sufHcie?it to distingui,-h the species generically t'rom any of the known genera of Anthm.'otlnrwln: The selenodont form of the main I'usps, and the |iresencc of a protocimule, makes it moat probable that this species is properly assignable to the AnlhrncMherivir. The tooth pattern indicates a closer relationship to Anthracolhfrmm tlian to Ancoilus.
2fi
J/etititrfiMfiitit (»/ ti/ft,' M/HTimtiii.
InU'rnitl iiiitvni |Kwterii>r iliiiiiii'ler
Aiilci'iiir truiisMTse iliunic-tiT x
Hcifjlit of |ii'i>tuc'i>hi-
Hei/j'it of liyp<H;(iii('
MM.
01)
I 70 .) so
Locality :— Hone toulue, CypregB hilU. t'olloutioti of 1904.
El,OrillRIUH OOARCTATUM, ('opu.
I'lat.' II, tigs. 10-16, uiiil i.liile III, ligs. 1-0.
This giKities, LimtHl on tho greater part of u loft niaiidibular ruraws digcoveruJ by M i-. ' Weston in tliu Cvpregs ililU dejwsitg iliiring tlm sunimer of 1888, mis first dcseribeil by feggorCoi* in the American Xatnralist, vol. .\.\III, p. 628, .Inly 1889, in big third ur on the '• VtTtebratu of the f^wift-current river." Cope'-s fullor cleacriiition, with illugtnii of the type specimen, appeared in 1891 in part I of this vohitno.
The original dojcription of 1880 is worded as follows:— " i?<o//ic/i«m e,.,ir('Miim, nov- — Kepreaented by a left mandibular ramus with condyle, which supports all of the ii teeth. The species diflers from tho E. murlonii, with which it agrees nearly in size, in ha all the premolars in a geries uninterrupted by diasteinata, except a very short one bet\ pm. iii and iv.* The second premolar is tho most elevated, and tho third and fourth abruptly smaller. The fourth has one compressed grooved root. The molars are peculii having the two anterior cusps elevated above the three posterior ones, as in Mioclionua Tho posterior, or fifth tubercle, is well develojied, especially on the m. iii."
"Length from condyle to edge of canine alveolus, -lOo mm.; do. to last molar, 125; of true molar series, 67 ; do. of m.i. 22 ; whlth of do., 13 ; elevation of pro. ii, 21 ; lengt base of crown do., 28 ; depth of ramus at m.i, 55."
An upper molar, obtained by Mr. Weston at the Cyproas Hills locality in 1884, assigned to Eltlherium mortuvi, Leidy, Iiy Cope in his earlier references** to the .Sui collections, was, in 1891. referred to K. '•'"irclaium in his final description of the species.
This uj.per tooth, plate IT, fig. 10, is regarded as m' from tho right side. It hai low tuberclos arranged in two rows transversely, of which tho inner posterior tube (hypocone) is apparenlly not separate from the cingulum. The two outer tubercles (parac and metacone) are well developed, the paracono being the larger of the two. lioth the ii tubercles in this specimen are injured, but tho protocone has been apparently of fair size, protoconiile and metaconulc are well marked but do not attain the height of the outer co The cingulum is conspicuous on the anterior and posterior faces of the crown. The tooth three roots.
Another right u|i|.or molar, fig. 11, belonging to the writer's collection of 1904, is refe to this species. It is the posterior tooth of the series and is of about the same size as first upper right molar just mentioned. U resembles the last u|ipor molar of E. moiioni
* i'h»- iisuiil pn-riKiltr cnutiH-nitioti fnim fruiit tn tiack ** .\lii.'rlca>i .S\iturali«t, ISS.'., >,,l. .\l.\. TIh' Whit
(KiiliMoH m.,rl.„„. r...|.lvl; and (i,.il. alul Xat. Hi«r.
(EMhiriiim «i..;7..,i.. f^.idvl.
. ll»Tf If
■ Kiv.r l.il- ,,f .S>iift luijviit I Siir\.y uf (/jui.id.i. 1ns.\ \(,I.
, N..rtli W...t T.riit..rv. | ' " »'Tii'», iil^l li< I. p.
MM.
•J (ID
X W
I 70
.) NO
iJbyMr.T. C. L-ribeil by I'ro- B tliird article li illiutnitiuiiM
luiri'tiittim, gp. II »f tho molar size, in liuviii^' •t one between 11(1 fourth are »re [(cculiiir in VliuuIiiMiuj g|i.
lolur, 125; do. 21 ; length of
in 1884, and to the Survey e species.
e. It haasix 'rior tuberile dea (paracoMc ioth tho inner air size. The e outer cones. The tooth has
•04, is referred ne size as the E'. iiioitoni, as
]'i ii< I. !■. mc
37
dewribcd by Uidy iii 1863 in "The Ancient Kimnx.f Nebraska," plate VIII, fig. 1, but the •ix tubercle* are more distinutly marked in the Cypress IIIIU tooth The cingulum is con- tinned round the entire crown, except tor a ihort distance at the Imse of the inner slope of the protocone; it forms a broad shelf anteriorly, and is prominent posteriorly. Seen from above the crown in outline is unequally four-sided ; it is transversely much narrower behind than in front. It it low with six conspicuous tubercles, of which the outer and inner anterior one« (puracone and protocone), are about e(iual in size and larger than tho others. Of the three tdborcloi forming tho transverse |posterior rov.-, the inner one (hypoeonc) is connected with the cingulum.
Two fragments of the lower jaw of this cpecios were also obtained in 1904. These are a part of tho left ramus with molars i, ii, and iii, and a small \>on\on of tho right half of the jaw holding the fi'st molar. The teeth agree in all particulurs with the corresponding ones of the type spccimei..
Two teeth, tho upper third and fourth premolars of the right side, collected in 1904, are, on account of their large size, referred to E. ooarrtalum with some hesitation. They were found together, and probably belonged to the same individual. If they properly belong to this species, and they are apparently not referable to any other described species from tho Oligocene, they will indicate that in E. i-onnMum tho upper third and fourth premolars are considerably stouter in every way than the corresponding teeth of the lower jaw. Of these specimens, the' third [.remohir, figs 12 and 13, is u simple robust cone, elongated antero- posteriorly, and supiwted on two roots, of which the hinder one is the thicker but shorter of the two. A cingulum passes round the base posteriorly and is present, but feebly developed, anteriorly. The enamel is roughened by short vermicular markings, which, toward the base, above the cingulum, pass into conspicuous wrinkles. The crown shows signs of wear toward the innerside behind and along the front slope. The fourth premolar, figs. 14 aii(l 15, is a very strong, three-rooted tooth, with a transverse diameter greater than its maximum antero- posterior diameter. The crown consists of an outer coniciil cusp with a smaller, less elevated one (m the inner side. A strong cingulum is present except at the centre of the base of the external slope. This tooth is also considerably worn on the front and back slopes of the crown, more particularly on the former. Kxcept whore worn the surface above the cingulum presents the same style of surface marking observed in the third premolar.
Mi'itAiifciii' nts.
MM.
I'lipcr iij;lit ni. iii, plate II, tin. 11 :
Tiansviise (liiiiiii'tef of iTiiwii. inaxiiimtn ... '--
Antero jMtsterioi" " "
I'ppcr liglit in. i, pinti' II, lij;. 10 : —
Transverse diaiiuMer of crown -*
.Vntero posterior •'
l'pp«>r ri^jlit iv, plate H, tig*. II and !•'' : —
TransviTse iliameter of ciown, at liase
AntPici post<-iior " " " maxiniuiii.
Hei;;lit of crow xternal
irpi«>r riirht pni. iii, plate 11, tijjs. \i and I'i :—
Transverse diameter of crown at liase, iiiaxiniHin
.\nteni posteritir •' " '*
Ilei^jlit of crown, external
■J.'l If
•ii
i
£<oMm«m. They re«,mWe nc..or. m to m, ""'l "'"J^^r. Two ..f the larger .poc.men- four of the™ .re nc.rl^ of a «z, wh . .0 --^ J^„^ .^ ,„„,,„ -,„ «,„,«. 5 an. f o. are .hown in i-late HI, figure. 1, 2, 8 anu i . i the fiurae plate.
,„ M. n,e.noW on the C.pre. I,.U ^X^X<:X:^ '^^^
hi™ i, a left lower first premolar wh.ch ^^•'' "" •*• » . ^j,„„ ^,, „„ticed
I. 1904 a few additional «>par.te teeth were obtained by the wrtter . 08 under.
AoBtOOHffiRlB ASTIQl'118, Uidy.
riate II, fig"- 16 and 17.
„„. of I^idy. «.red type, the other two . . ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^
One of the above specimen, (an upper r^.t th ml u ola ^1^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ,,y Uttle doubt be referred to A. ant.,aus; '«" j.'™^'^;' ^^ J, ^^J,,, i,u„res,(meBO«ty!e), see,.aUo t thi^Bpecies. In thisspecimen the »o;"-' ^^^ ''".".vom without, quite unlike the h.gh i„ a molar to be mentioned r-^«»'>y; * "^j. ~ . In the other posterior ri«ht molar he antero-posteriorly compressed mesostyle °\^"'' '^, ^., ,„ for us can be .,udj;ed;the agreement in form with the teeth '.'K"-J _^ ^^^^^f, , ^ ^'it. breadth is about the same and
Soph is missing and a full --P-^Xt ^ ,^^ to A. ...^V'-• '^^'^f^^'
the shV of the inner cusps ,sB.nnar^Th«^ ^^^ ^ proportionate as well as
specimen (plate TI, fig. 16), vh '^f*^ P";'*^^^^^ i,, distinct from A. .-«.,/««-
J^ual transverse diameter, and may represent a p ^^^^^^^_^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^_^^^^^^
Hesides the tl>ree above mentioned »P««^^^^ fo,^ of the me.o.tyle i. here
ii provisionally referred to .l..'n(.Vy««f.
3
2i>
Mbhtcoidodok culii«mm>»i, LeUly.
IMntell.fljr*. 18-20.
A wcond Konui of AgriocUri.l.r [Ortod.uUd,,) i. r«pre«,..tc.l l,y *.p«rttto teeth from
the Cypre« hill, inoh.ded in the .•olleoti.m. of 1hh». 1hh9 .n.l 1904. Tiu-y are ""fo"*'! '»
M,Joi'lo<ton mll^'rUoni, l.ei.ly. of tl.o OliKOceno ot South Duk„ta. u.id con«.»t of the
following .pccimenH:-The left lower cttniniform premolar, me..tmne.l »'y,^"I'« "' 1*" ' °'
thi. volume, but not a-igned by him to any .peoie. (\Ve*ton. 1H84), a left upper cauu.e
(Luml>e, 1904) and a right lower «econd molar (Fiambe, 1!»04).
The pronwlar, plate 11. Hg- 18 and I'.t. agree, elowly in «7.e an.l torm with «''• «""«- .ponding tooth of the female nkull of .V culhertmn!, .le-tribed and hgnred l.y U-idy m I he Ancient Fauna of Nebraska." 'I'l.i. premolar .how- .ign. of wear, in front on the outer •ide, and behind on the inner .ide. where it clo8e<l aguinit the upper canine and the upper tirtt premolar.
Mtiiiiivmrnlii </ liiiivr Jirtl i-iviii'ilur
Kxterior height of crown (worn)
Ant«ro-po«teriiir iliuiiietiT <«( crown »t ba.se. Trannverse diamoter of rrown at liaio . .
M.M.
1.1 . l.»
The left upper canine, tig*. 20.-2i?, is long, curved, and s.ibtriangular in tran»v..n.e section throughout it. length. The, posterior nurface. fijr. 21, i- llutlened. and the exterior and interior .urface. are nearly Hat, the former beit.g nlightly more convex than the latter, tig. •^0 in which a low, longitudinal median ridge is .levcl.,po<l in the fang above the crown. In the exterior surface a .hallow groove i* noticed in a corrcKponding po-itum. he forward angulation i. evenly roun.led. The crown of the tooth is worn riat posteriorly, where .t came in contact with the lower first premolar, and its xide angles are sharp. 1 he immediate extremity of the crown is broken off but it seems to have been bluntly pointed. 1 he enamel of the crown extended upward from the point, about 20 n.in., n.eas.ircl along the forward angtilalion The antoro-posterior diamtter of the tooth tbroujihout its entire length exceeds the breadth of the posterior flattened surface (max. transverse diameter), otherwise the roMmblatue of the Cypress Hills tooth to that of M. culhrtso.n is strong. In .Icscnbing the u,.,.er cani..e of this .pe.ies, Leidy, in his above mentioned memoir (p. 42), states that the posterior side "is a little larger than the other sides," that is the transverse diameter exceede<l the antenvposterior diameter.
Meiisiimnenla ../' "/'/"'i' canine.
ToUl length of spt'cimcn alonj! ivnteiioi- curve
Mux. trausvHixc iliiiineter iit bii^w of crown
Antoro (lOKtorior iliiinu'tir iil Imsi' of cmwn
Antero-posteiior ilianicti-r nrar upi)cr eml of fang Transverse diamett-r *t i. . •
MM.
. 5S . 9 . 10 .-
1-' . 10
24,
cit.
The 7emaining tooth, referred to M. ,-ulb.rts;ni, is a lower right second molar, hgs. 25 and 2t;. Comparing the specimen with Leidy's figure of the corresponding tooth (op. pi. in, fig. 4) no difference is noticed, excei.t that the Cypress Hills molar is a little the larger of the two.
M
roiiiRoTtiiiiicH wiL*)jii, Uitly. Mate VIII. ♦•((•. >* »i>d !••
ThU .poole., made known by I-uly In 1847 (IV .. Acl. Nat. S«y*''"»; ;["!• '"' ^.3 rn.m the gVaf r part ..f a .kull .mn. the 01i,ocene(White Uher ol ^^f ^^J";'' "^ "^ ^^^^ , tU. 1904 collection from the Cy,.rc« HilU IhxI- by .wo -eparute lower >-» t'^ir^J "^W „e of which remains in a iM.rtion of the jaw. The-c teeth are c.m,K,-..a „. three lobe* deoreaning in .izo to the from. The jaw iragmcnt m whic
one of which remains in a iM.rtion of the jaw. 1 l.e.« teeth a e = '"I ,„„^rve<l, ha*
.be. decrea.inK i" «««< to the front. The jaw Iragmcnt >n which the n.o ar in l''^^'^^ '
aT^.tr.Kreei„g with that of the lower juw of the ty,. .kulK (nlly \'V="'»t ".? Kn^ow ^^c
;>r Lid, in IH54* in hi.cla./.c " Anciot l-u-nmof Nel.r..ku" !*"'''»',«''''' "J" *;"",: Z
yo\ VI) In wlvance of .ho molar in tl.i. .,KHi.non arc the alvcol. tor the to..th next n. fr..n..
MrtXHuremii*!*.
MM
T^.wer riuht last t«':iip<ii»ry ""'"'r : - j., .,
Antero-pmteriiiriliBmetiT !.,,
P>Mt«riiir traiwvenie " j , .
Anti-rior " "
Lower U'ft iMt temporary molar in jaw fra^m•■nt -
(Plate Vnr, figs. »* aiiil !••)
Anteraiionterior diameter
PoKtiTioi- trannverxe "
AntOTiiir " "
r^pplli of ramuH U-neatli iiiolar
10 o fi 0 » 0
13 0
LEiTEMBiiyx isru ATii, Cope. No .ecth from IV.no couU'-e belonKinp to the 1-..04 collection can wiO. certainty ^^'^^^^'^ to thi. llic. which i» ba.e.1 on a worn ,.,,por, rijsl.t molar of wh.cl. the iK>«tcnor halt of the to th.. «P^', '•' " "^^ ^i^^. j,,^, /„V /^. ,,,,,„<„, u between onc-third and ono-tourth
rS^^^^^^^^^^^^^ T..elowertecth.i.nred..vMatthewinhi.pa,.cron
t^ u.aof.heTit«notheriun.hed«,190:!, v 223. tig. 15, and re.errcd l--'-'"7"> f ; l/*"Lj.elonKeviden.ly toa.pecie« considerably larger than the one rcprcentcl b, the tyjie oiL. emleitlus.
LeIToMBRYX MAMMIKtB, Cope. /Le,.„«.rv. n..,n;f.r, ^opc, 188.. The Wlnto^iWorbcd. of S.if^^ riven Xorth-
West Territory, American Niitunili ' . vol. \I.\, p. lt>-. , name onij . Lep,o,„ery. m.mmiUr, Cope, 1885. .ieol. and Nat. Hist.. Survey of Canada, vol. I, new
series, part C, appendix I, p. 84. Lept.mer,,z m.namifer. Cope, 188'... The VertebnUu of the Swift-current river, II, Amcruan Niituralisl, vol. XXI 1 1, p. 154.
•/ <'.-. ism Til., unpcics from the Olipoicnc or l.owir Miocene beds ^'■'''::?^^;;rSB;T^J's^;v,^'::f^nad:'Z.tr. to C^. l..d..ont.,v,.l. m, („„arto),
pt. I, p. 22, pi. XIV, tigB. •;.<!", 7, 7a. /.,(om.ry.m«mm.yer, Matthew. 1899. A provisional claB.ific^tion of the Kresh-wa.cr Tertiary of the we«t, Bulletin Amer. Mu«. Nat. HiBt., vol. XII, article 111, p. 61.
, .. ,„M,.,»,-i .1- '•««'■ Tl,. KM.mt Ma .;,HnK.,M„a„(l..k,.,.;,n,lN..l.n..k..; .I.m.. .\,™1. Na.. Sn. I'h,',...
.«„n.l-.ri.>». V..1. VII. |.. Ul.pl.X"".
l^M.mer,jr m.,mmifir, Matthew. lt.OJ. Tho .kull ..t llypUKliit. the .mullert of th" Artlo-
•iBctyltt, with arovwioii of the lly|H>rtruKuli.l.. ., IJalluthi Amor. Mm. Nut. IlUt., vol.
XVI, Mtiilo XXIII, i..:!l!. hplcner,. mammifn; M.tthew, Vm. Th« tkn... of the Tlt»n»theri«n, l«.l. «' l''l**«""«
Sprinici. Moi.tMi.tt, H.illc.tiii Aiiier. Mm. Nut. llUt, vol. XIX, Mlicle \ I. p. 'iU, ««•• l«
und 17.
Leptomeryj mummifer wm foundwl on lower inolur», tn)in Hone cotilic, hy Cope, wh... ut u Inter Jttto, url.itrariiy aswH^mted with tliom upper molur* from the mme locality. The l,c.t prowrvoU of tho^e latter, the one Huurt-d in IH'.tl. may he reKar-knl ai the ootypo of the »i«oio* 'i-hero uru in tho lollection of V.IOI -epttrute upper iM..lan ihut unreo closely m *uo and form with the .otyi^s and arc, tl.orclore, r-jfuwlcd ax hel.Hi({inK to thi« *|K)ci«ii. An up|Rr lourtti prcniolur, iilituii.od in litOl, ix nt*. thoiiv'»'t «» •>« referahle to L. nt'imm/fr.
It ha« l«ei. iKjii.tcd out hy Mutihew (l9oj) that one ..f the tharacter* of /.. m.immi/.r relied on hy Cope m a diHti»gui»hing one, viz., the prownco in the h)Wer poitenor molar ol a "peculiar column intercalated hetween the heel n.i.l the potterior internal column, U in reality the *mnll ontero internal cu*p of the hcol foiin.l in other H|»cic» of the Kenii*.
Xo lower mo'ira are recogniz.'d in the collectiim «i 1904 ax iKjlonginj? to L. mammiler.
LBPToMEHYX SP»IOgUl<, up. MOV.
I'late Vlll, HgB. 10-15.
\ specie* of Leptomenix \» reproncnted hy a largo nurahcr of Hiparato tooth, of which the nnpor molar* are much larger tin... the type of /.. toalat,,,. Cope, contidorahly larger than tluwo of L. «/•-/.».■, hut not reaching the m/.o (>f those of L. mommip;: Ihw ipecun i» ap|>arently diitinct from any of those three «pecie8.
In the upper molarx the proportionate devolopmoiit of the moHostylo, the anterior (para- Htyle), and posterior (raotaatyle) .tyle., and the ril)« ot the oxterual face are much the name u« in /.. ,r„nsi. The ttylcs are H'l'te diflorent from the gihhous itylog of L. mammxjtr, a» iocn ill the cotype of that species.
In th." upper molars a moderately strong cingulum is generally present for a short distance at the base of the anterior slope of the protocone, ami, in a number of specimens there is a slight indication, as well, of a cingulum on the posterior .lope of the hypoioiie. In two tourth premolars a cingulum is present for a short distanee on both sides (anterior and posterior) ot the inner creseenl. In a m!i,)ority of the upper molart a median internal cu^p is proient, smaller than that of the molars of /.. fvinsi.
The lower molars referred to this species, relying on their size principally for their asso ciatioii here, agree in size and general shape with the mandibular teeth referrcl pr.>visionally to L. esalc^tus by Matthew in 1003, (op. cit ,p. ^ii, tig 15). The Cypress Hills lower molars have a slight anterior and posterior cingulum in the majority of eases, and there is aUo m most of the specimens a small median external eusi- having about the same degree of develop- ment as the median internal cusp of the upper molars. Xo mention is ma.le by Matthew ot a cingulum, nor of a median internal cusp in the I'ipe.stone Springs lower molars, which, how- ever, in other respects, and as regards exact size, agree with the Cypress Hills specimens.
Si
ilnttHr'mrnl: Ty|»' :
MM
10 iti 7 MO
A .11)
n IK)
10 .■>" 11 (X)
II so
'.I :><»
I J 70
I'pfitr iiN'Ur, |>UUi Vtll, At< 10, 11.
Mitiilniuiii truinvi-rw' ilUiiwlmr
•• itn()'ni |i«»<t»rii>r dkiiwUtr
Ixjwrr inokr, |>Ut>' VIII, Dr.. IJ. 11 :—
Mmimuiii lr»m»iT»i' ilinnwUT
AnttrepwU-rior iliaiiM'tar
Pi».t.Tiiw lower moliir. pl»U VIII, Bg». U, Ifi.
Anlrni |i<i«tiTi<>r «li»n«'tt'r
l'pi»'r iimlur of A. (••n/.-rt»H» dyp") —
Mkiiinuni tnimvi'ite •lUiiirtxr
Aiit<'n>^""l«rior di»m»l"r, nppnw • • •
l'l>|»T iiioliir ol /-. nKimmi/' »■ (.-otviie) i—
Maiimum tr»ii«>tTHf rtUim'tfr
" «iit«'hh|i«mU(riiir diameter
lA)wer pmUrior iii'>l»r .rf /•• mnmHiij>r (Ijfjie .|wciiiM'ii) —
Aiiti-ro-|x»«l<riiir dianietrr, »pprii«
Th. name »,>rri„.>,x U propowd for tl.U •pparently undo«.rilKHl.i«eie.of Upton.«ryx. I/ic«lity :— lloiie coul«i«, CyproM hill*, collottion of lit04.
LkpTOMOYX MMICWITUS, Co|iO.
U,,t„m^.jr ,«,».>.«<«., Cpe, 1889. Tl.o V.rtobrat. of tlu- Swift-curront river, II. Amorican
Naturalirt, vol. XXIll, p. IM /.eplomeryx ,emieincUu, Cop«, 1891. Tim .pocio. from the Oligocene or Uwer Miocene bed. of the Cypres hill.; Geol. Survey of Canada, Contr. to Can. Tala-ont., vol. Ill (.,uarto), pt. I, p. 2:l, pi. XIV, tigi.. 8, 8a. Leptomeryr .■minnrtu,, Matthew, 1902. The .kull of IIypi»o.lu. the -jnallwt of the ArtZd«>tyl.. with u rcvWon of the Ilyi-ortragulid,... l.ulletin .Vu.er. Mu.. >ut. llUt., vol. XVI, article XXIII, p. 314.
ThU .pecie. wa. founded l.y Co,h» on two uppor inolaw, and part of a third, m.ni the Cypres hilU. Additional upper n.oUr. wm- obtained in .M4, bv the wntejs m ^^^^'^ Thi. .pecie. U for the pre«...t roferrcnl to U,„..menjr ; without the full dentition lU generic affinities cannot be gutiila.torlly determined.
Hypkrtbai.ilijs tbansvkrscs, Cope. amr'r"U>il><-^ transvers,,,, Cope, 1889. The Vertebrata of the Swift-current river, II,
American Naturalist, vol. XXIII, p. 154. H.pniragulus transvns,... Cope, 1801. The .pocien fron. the Oligocene or Lower Miocene bed. of the I'ypre.. bill.; Oeol. Survoy of Canada, Contr. to Can. PnUiont., vol. Ill (quarto), pt I, p. 22, pi. XIV, figs. 4. 4a. H,jp.rtra„uluBtr.,r,,versu>, Mati\my, 1902. The skull of IIypi«,du., the smallest of the Artioilactyla. with a revision of the Ilyi^rtraguhdu., Ualletm Amer. -Mu.. Nat. Ili.t., vol. XVI, article XXIII, p. 316.
No tMth In the 1M4 colltotioti ar* r«cogiiixwd m lielnnginK to thi« ipMiM. Matthew (1902) U of Iho opinion that the two worn u|.|.«r motam from IJono euiiliW, (tncribod hy Oope, unUvr tha alMve immt, nra prulwbljr D4>t rvftral)!)) to tho genu* Jl^iMrlraijiiliu,
Mnouirrti wwioxi, (l^-a)
llatalll, flKt. 10, I), 12ttmi 13.
AHchilkfrtum, »\>. In.lot., I'opa, 1MM6 Tlia Wiilta Rivor liwli of HwilU-urrant river, Korth
Wwt Turrilory ; American Naturalist, vol. XIX, |i. 108. Anehiihtrium wetlonii, C«|>«, l>*><9. Tho Vortobrata of the Hwlitinrrent river, II ; iJem, vol.
XXlIi, p. 15:t AnrhilheriuM wtil'>nii,Vi>\H.<, IS91. The •|«cie« from the Oli^.K-ene or Uwer Miocene beila
of the 1 'ypruM hiiln ; Gool, rtnrvcy of Canatia, Contr. to Can. Ta'^'ont., vol 1 1 1 ((|Uarto),
pt I, p. 20, pi. XIV, A)i». 1, 2 and iit. MfiMiipux wtloni, ()«lK>rn. 11»04. New Oliiroccne lioriM ; IktlletSn Amer. Mu». Nat. Hirt.,
vol. XX, p. lt)9. Mfinhip/mi weslnni. Ijtml)(', l»Oft. On the tiMtthntrocture of Mewihippue we»toni (Cope) j
American (ieolo(ri«f, vol. XXXV, p. 248, pi. Xl\ . .V. »..«i>/>«* wmloHi, Umbe, 11»06. Koeeil liot»e» of the < tliKocene of the Cjprc«a hilli, Ateini-
Ijoia; Trane. Koyal 8oc. of Cunaila, •tK.'ond wriea, vol. XI. icetion IV, p. 44, pi. 11,
Aft*. 1, III, Ih, uml I' .
The tyi>B muterial of this ii|>ecioi, fn>ni Hone coui.'e, Cypreee Lilli, coiiiiitiDff of a right upper molar, and two rij^lit lower moliiw in place in a I'raKraent of tho mundiblo. in in the Miiieum ot the Qeologii'al Survey at Ottawa.
A right upiwr molar lielonging to the collection of 1004, hai been referred by the writer to thii •jwciei. The up|>er molar dc«cribcd by t'o|)e in imperfect, the outer ilope of the ectoloph in iniwing and the anterior part of tho tooth, including the protoloph, ia much daniage<l.
The crown of tho molar obtained in the Bummer of 1904 i* prnctieally jierfoct and had been gubjeclod to litt!- ii«e .luring tho life of the animal ; it ii most probably the lecond molar and i« shown in tigure* 10-13 of i)l;i'o III. TKiis tooMi \* brachyodont, with well develope<l low orog* cre»t» (protoloph and motaloph). Tho crown, •e«ii from be'ow, ia guboblong in outline, traiigversely broader in frimt than bohind and relatively narrow in an antero-posterior direction. Tho outer Itorder (e.toloph) riseg higher than the cro»« creats. The latter are uneiiual in length, tho protoloph being longer and better developed than the metalopb. Tho intormediiifo cuspg (protocoiiulo and metaconule) are both well defined, although the proto.onulo is larger than the metaconule, and more distinctly geparated from the protocone than is tho metaconule from the hypoeono. The protocone ig glightly larger at its base than the hypocone, but Iwtli liavo about the same height. There ig no hypostyle. The parastyle in large, and aild« loimiderably to the crown's anterior tiaugverse diameter. The mesostyle and raotastylo arc dintiiici, and the ribs diatinguigliable, the anterior ribs being the better defined of the two. The cinsjulum is well developed and passos from the nietastylo entirely roun.l the inner side of the crown to tho parast.vlo without interruption, except for a short digtance on tho front inner Blopo of the protocone ; it connects in front l-J52a— 0
34
with the pamtyle, with whi-h the outer end of the protoloph show, a markeil tendency to unite. Outwardly the cingulum rises on to tiie p iraatyle, but does not cross it.
U wca/.xiJ, judging of its dental charactere principally from the molar ohtainod in 1004, approaches closely to M. Utidens,* Douglass, in tooth-structure, hut its molars are dislin- guished principally by the presence of an internal cingulum, by the less pronounced parastyle, and a proportionately (greater antonvposterior diameter, with the protoloph more nearly equal in length to the metaloph, as well as by other characters. M. celer, ** Marsh, and M. mon- tanensis, *** Osborn, are two other nearly related, but apparently distinct species, trom the Lower Oligocene. The presence of the highly developed internal cingulum h one o the most interesting characters in the dentition of M. westoni. This character, together with the absence of a hypostyle, points to this species being probably the most primitive ot the known horses of Oligocene age.
A lower second premolar and a lower molar, are included in the collection of 1904. Figures of the two lower molars obtained by Mr. Weston are given in Cope's memoir of 1891.
M,.,.«iinni.-..l. in mm. M,„«,rrm.!il« ^\''?tl'!:""'f,
„f iiiiiirr I arof M. ..f tyi"' niol»r .^MMtyl")"!
,r„(„B. ..l.t,lill«l „f.V. i".h.nni» M.mm,t,,ut«- in I'M. Hi"n l.y «" »' jt'""
Tmnsvrise iliaiiietpi- I.fll 1-+^
Aiitcro-iK)8t<'rior iliaiMi'tfr "•'- •* ■'
He ijjht (if piiitocoiie ^ ■•'
Height (if hypcn'oiie • '5
Height of ectoloph " ' ^ ■'' +
Mr. Oidley has expressed the opinion that, the tooth collected in 1904, approaches more closely to M. mnnUmensis than to M. w.sloni, aiul would be inclined to refer it to the former species with some degree ol .loubt. In comparing it with .V. montamiisia be has noted the somewhat less elevated inner cones and the presence of an internal cingulum, regarded by him as differences of perhaps not more than varietal value, which may be explained by ca.ling the tooth a premolar instead of a molar.
Judging from the cl.iiracters of the teeth and their size, it is evident that the two species M westoni and M montaneniis approach each other closely. The type of M. westom is not as well preservw! as accurately tigured in the original description) as is desirable, and the
absence of the ectoloph and the anterior margin, including the front slope of the protoloph, precludes the takinjf of exact measurements. That the tooth of Ut04 (ligures 10-1:1) comes from the same l(K:alitv as the type of M. westoni, and that it has a particulariy well detined intc.ial cingulum, are facts worthy of every consideration in determining its speciiic affinity.
MESdHippi's rR.f.cociDKNs, Lambo.
Plate III, fig. 14.
Mesohippuspr,n'oH,ln,s, Lambe, lOOo. Fossil hor.es of the Oligocene of the Cypress hills, Assiniboia; Trans. Royal So(.'. of Canada, second series, vol. \l, section IV, p. 4B, pi. II, fig. 2.
• llWl. NVw Vcrtclirati.. fmn, tlic M..nt;in« t,nit„ry Lv Karl llniiKl:.". ; Annal» uf the Carn.yi.' Mn« i. v„l. 1 1. |.. 1(1'.
*• IS74. Amirican .loiiriial nf .Scii-ni-c, vul. VII. p. 'i-'tl. ••• llKll. op. (.it.
.10
Ijtjt uj>per molar {imperfect). Type. ^teasuremmt in mm : —
Height of protocone 4'7.
The left upper molar, on which this Bpeciee is foanded. lacks the ectoloph and the pos- terior border with the hinder slope of the hypooone, but is otherwise well preserved.
This tooth is about tlie size, or possibly smaller than 3L westoni, but is more pro,4;re88ive in every way. There is an entire absence of an internal eingulum, the cross crests are better developed, and relatively higher, with steeper "' ;,in The protoconule is relatively larger, and the melaconule, although defined, scarce' ■ !>ro.<ii;B tl;'> i^oniir'uity of the metaloph, which unites in a decided manner with the ectoloph. 'I'lio protmoniilc l-i distinctly defined in the proto- loph, and connects closely with the forv .Td ;! )pe of tlic pn, acone. The hypocone has aboat the same hei^fht as the protocone. Thea :t fiorcingulinn i' strong. Mr. (iidley has informed the writer that he "would expect lo see luc u>i,o..l_> .^ w-jU developed, were that portion of the tooth present."
Mesohifpus PROPiNQius, Tjanibe.
Plate III, figs. 1.5 and 16.
Meaohippus propinqittis, Lambe, 1905. Fossil horses of the Oligoccne of the Cypress hills, Assiniboia; Trans. Koynl Soo. of Canada, second series, vol. XI, section IV, p. 47, pi. II, tigs. 3 and 4.
ind riijht upper premolar, worn {figure 16).
2nd left upper molar, unworn, {figitre 15). Type.
iml right upper molar, iinworn.
The above teeth have been regarded by the author as characterizing a species of Mesohippus distinct from M. bairili, I.eidy, although closely allied to it and most resembling it.
They are of nearly the same size as those of M. bairdi, if anything slightly larger, and on the whole more primitive. Their general proportions are somewhat different. Meamremtntg in mm.
p- (i.p. 13 by tr. 13-5.
m'^ left a.p 12 by tr 16*5, height of protocone 5.
height of prolorone 57, height of ectoloph .... 8.
m- right, a.p 12'2 by tr.. .. . 16,
In the unwoni tooth, figure 15, (left upper m-'), the ectoloph is well elevated above the cross crests, in which the protocone and hypocone are conspicuously higher than the oonules. The hypocone exceeds the protocone in height. The protoconule is well defined and distinctly breaks the continuity of the protolopb. The metaloph is fairly continuous and shows a disposition to unite with the ectoloph, which, however, it does not reach. The hypostyle is connected at its inner end with the posterior cingulum and outwardly abuts against the ectoloph ; it is of fair size. In the ectoloph the mesostylo is conspicuous, the parastyle is llattened and connects with the protolopb, and the ribs are faintly shown. There is no trace of an internal cingulum.
Mr. Gidley has drawn the writer's attention to the interesting fact that the protocone in these teeth ''is peculiar in having the slope of its anterior face about equal to that of its posterior fsice, while in M. bitirdi, and all the middle and upper Oligoccne horses, the anterior face of the protocone is always much more abrupt than the posterior one."
S6
A right upper molar, preBnmably the third, arbitrarily «.BOciaUd with t^;" '"J^^f J' l* conaideibly la^^r than the correB,..nding tooth of M. l.ir.H. A flatne«. f J^e e^oloph U principally notiLble, as well as the «„allnes. of the hypooone. otherw.se .U obaractera yery airailar to thoae of the left upper second molar already mentioned.
Mesoiiippui braciiystylub, Osbom.
Plate III, tig. 17*.
>/«oAwu» <,roehystylu», Osbom, 1904. New Oligocene horses; Bulletin Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., vol. X.K, p. 176, fig. 6. Maohippus hrnchystylus, Lambe, 1905. Fossil horses of the Oligocene of ">« C^l-re^o h'J«. AsBiniboia ; Trans. Royal F-k. of Canada, second series, vol. M, Bect.on 1\ , p. 48,
P ' ^' ' 4. A left upper previolar, -worn.
Measurement in mm.
/)» a. p.
.12-5.
Afourthieftupper premolar isreferabletothisspecies. T^e inten,al cingulum is ri^^^^^^^
noticed but nothing apparently of importance.
The type of M. brachystylus is from the Upper Oligocene, Leptauchenia beds of the Cheyenne river, South Dakota, U.S.A.
Mesohippis sTBNOLoranB, Lambe. Plate III, fi8!8. 18, 19 and iO.
MesoHlppusstenolophus, I.mbe, 1905. F°-' ^^-^^ ^^l^ ^''f™ :,* j^^^^^
ABsiniboia; Trans. Royal Soc. of Cana.la, 8econ<l .enes, vol. XI, section IV, p. 4S, p
II, ties. 6, tia and 6h. ' * Ut left upper molar, unworn.
3r</ r:<iht upper molor, unworn, {figures 18, l'i» and 20). Type.
Measurements in mm.
m' a. p 14.
m''<i. p 12-5 hijtr. 15.
This species of Mes.Jdppus is larger than M. oraehystylus, but resembles it m some partilirrsrrdentition. The differences are : (1, ^^^^ J^^ J^gT Z 1^ ^i h mnr,. i.ronounccd obliquity of the cross crests in the« teeth, (2) the g..iter lengui o. me Ilo h which in m^ is onnected with the eetoloph, and (.3) the ultimate connexion oUh
"""'a BplTa^'chrracter of -V. stenolophus, seen in n.', is the oblique crossing of the parastyle by tht Enal ctngulum, which rises rapidly from without and appears very distmct on the
=5 ;!
.17
upper anterior Biirface of the style (figures 19 and 20). The cross crosts are narrow in |)^opo^ tion to their height, a feature suggested in the name that has been given to the siMJcies.
M880HIPPUS PLANIDIH8, T^Ambe.
Plate III, fig. 21.
Meiohippus planidens, Lambe, 1905. Fossil horses of the Oligoeene of the Cj-presg hills, Aseiniboiu ; Trans. Roval Soc. of Canada, second series, vol. XI, section IV, p. 49, pi. II, fig. 7.
1«< and •2nd left upper molars, worn. Type. Meiisurements in mm.
m> m- .. 31
*•< a. p. 15 hy Ir 178
These teeth indicate a species of about the size of JW. inti-rmediug, OHborn, from the U|)per Oligoeene, i'rotoceras beds of South Dakota, but smaller than M. validus, Osbom, from the same horizon and state. They ditt'er from those of .V. intermedins in the greater obliquity of the protoloph and metaloph, in which respect they resemble those of .V. obliquidens,OBhom. The teeth are brachyodont, and are devoid of an internal cingulum. Externally, the >ctoloph is noticeably flat, with only a slight development of the parastylo and mesostyle, the ribs are absent or but feebly indicated, and the metastyle is particularly inconspicuous. The bypostyle is of fair size, curved and attached at either end to the posterior cingulum. The cross creats are oblique to the ectoloph, well elevated, and moderately continuous, the metaloph more so than thi> protoloph. The protocoiiule slightly interrupts the protoloph, and unitea with the parastylc. The metaconule scarcely breaks the continuity of the metaloph, which is sharply separated from the ectoloph and develops a rudimentary crochet. The protocone and hypo- cone are not so elevated as the ectoloph.
The specific name has reference to the flattened condition of the ectoloph.
ME80IIIPFU^: ASSINIB0IENSI8, I^ambc.
P' ■ r, figs. 22, 23 and 24.
' isil horses of the Oligoeene of the Cypress hills, .Ja, second series, vol. XI, section IV, p. 50, pi.
Mtsohippus iissinihoiensis, Lambe, j Assinlboia ; Trans. Royal Soc. II, figs. 8, 8a and Sk
2n(l light upper premolar, wiiovrn. Type. Measiirementst in mm.
p- K. p 18 5 b;/ Ir 17, height of Irilocone, . . .10 5.
hright of telartocone. . . .8. This species is larger than :!/. intermedins, Osborn and Wortman, and apparently than M. viilidits, Osborn, from the Tieptauchenia bedif ot S. Dakota. Ft resembles M. hrwht/sti/lus, Osborn, from the Leptauchenia beds of S. Dakota, in the great development of the parastyle, which is, however, more distinctly sei ' itod in the Cyiiress Hills s|iecies.
In the above tooth (p-) the antuin-poaterior dianioter is greatly increased by the separ- ation and large size of the parastyle. T'le cross crests are short, stoep-sided an<l set almost at right angles to the ectoloph. The two ■ er cusps (deuterocone and tetartocone) are stiongly
i^. J
■AH
and about equally developed. The protoconule* (anterior intermediate cnsp) is very much gmallcr than the roctaeonule (posterior intermediate cu»p), and pasMs posterior to, and beyond the inner end of, un inwardly directed spur from the protocone (antero-external cuap of the premolar, adopting Scott'a nomenclature). The ectoloph has a distinct meBOstyle, a broadly rounded and well detached parastyle, and stronj; ribs, of which the anterior one is particulariy rotund. The hypoetyle tends to separate from the posterior cingulum,to which it remains connected by a stout bar. The cingulum is robust, high and sharp edged behind, low and forming a narrow shelf abutting against the base of the parastyle in front, and is entirely absent within. The external cusps (protocone and tritocono) rise considerably higher than the internal ones (deuterocone and tetnrtocone).
This species, known only from the second premolar, in which the size of the parastyle would bo expected to be accentuate<l, appears to approach most nearly in tooth development to the much smaller M. hrachystylus. It excet>ds M. inlernu<lius and ? .V. valvlus in size, but apparently, more closely resembles the latter. It is distinguished from the last two species by (1) the greater development of the protocoi\e and deuterocone in this species, (2) the slight development of the protoconule, (8) the more complete separation of the para- style, and (4) the intermediate height of the ectoloph.
The foregoing species of Mcsuhi/ipus are related to, or resemble, previously described S|)ecie8 of the genus from Montana and Dakota as follows : —
More iirimitive than M. latidins, Douglass, and .1/. montanensU,
Osborn, from the Lower Oligocene, Titanotherium beds. Nearly related to and more advanced than -V. icestoni (and
? M. montamnsis of the Titanotherium beds). Nearly related to and more primitive than M. hnirdi, Leidy,
of the Middle Oligocene, ( )reodon beds. The type of the species is from the Upper Oligocene, Lei)-
tauchenia beds. Approachos closely M. fcraoAi/sfj/iusof the Leptauchenia beds. Approaches in size .)/. intermedins, Osborn and Wortman, from
the Upper riligocene, Protoceras beds. iSome resemblance to, but larger than M. vtilidua, Osborn, of the Protoceras beds. It would seem probable then, that t he species from the Cypress hills, in their relative des^rces of progressivenesa, are lo be assigned to the horizons of the ( Higoceiie in the following order : —
.1/. u-iiloni, (Cope.)
31. prcKoeidens, T.,ambe.
.1/. propiiiquiis, Ijambe.
M. hrucliystylus, Osborn.
M. stenolopliiis, Lambe. J/. pJuHirfens, Lambe.
31. assiniboiinsis, Lambe.
31. westoni, \
M. prn^cm-idens | 31. propin<iiii"<
31. hraeliystylus \
M. stenolophus j
.1/. planidens t
3f. assiniboiensis j
' It h:v< li'H'ii (mititefl imt hv Scittt (Til.- K\..Uitit)ii iif ttif I'll- lar 'I'.-.tli ill tlif M^iniiiiiiU. t*n>c. AcnH. Xat. S<'i. 1Miil:i<ti-t.
vol. .\I.I V, lH1»'j;tliat till- iihtcrifii- itiid iMMtcrior iTiti-tiiniliiiti' i-i.iiiil*-!. ..f tlif|,.->iin)lartit>'tii arc imt Iioiik'Iokohi witli thf |m»tu and iiifticiiniili-M of thi* iiHilar altliou^'ti tlit-y ciirn'!*|Miuil in (H.Hihuti.
Lower Oligocene, Tilanotheriuni l)eds. Middle Oligocene, Oreodonbeds. Upper < iligocene, I.eptauchenia beds.
Upper Oligocene, Protoi'cras beds.
39
IIyracodon NBIIRASCIN8IB, Leidy. Areratheiium pumitum, Cope, in part, 1885. The White River bo'» of S» .iirreiit river,
North West Territory; American Naturalist, vol. XIX, p. 16:!, name only. Acmitherium pumilum, Copo, 1885. Oeol. and Nat. iliat. Survey of Canada, vol. I, new
series, part C, appendix I, p. 83, specimen II; and 1891, this volume, part I, p. 19,
specimen II, pi. IV, tig. 4.
H>j<;u'o,lon neh, (license, Osbom, 1898. The Extinct Rhinoceroses. .Memoirs Amer. Mug. Nat. Hist, vol. I, pt. Ill, p. 188, fig. 88.
The principal specimen from the Cypress hills, rei)rt'genting this species, is the port' )n of mandible, holding teeth, described by Cope under the name Campus pumilas, (*pecimun 2). This specimen, as pointed out by Osborn in 18!)8, is part of the right ramus of a young individual of H. nehmsceusi: A tooth, belonging to the collection 1904, is referred to this speties ; it is from the right side of the lower jaw, and is apparently a deciduous third pre- molar.
IIyracodon PRtsciDENg, I.Ambe.
i'late IV, figs. 1, 2, :5 and 4. Hyraoodoti sp., lAnibe, 1905. Oeol. Survey of CaiHida, Summary lieiwrt for l',t04, p. 3fi8. HyraciMlon primdens, lAmbe, 1905. A new species of llijmcodon {II. prisHikns) from the
Oligocene of the Cypress hills, Assiniboia ; Trans. Royal Soc. of Canada, second series,
section IV, vol. Xf, p. 37, pi. I, figs. 1, In.
Another species of Hyracodm is represented, in the collection of 1904 from the Oligocene deposits at Bone coulee. Cypress hills, by an upper jaw with teeth, giving the complete pre- molar-molar series. Three teeth are missing, viz., the fourth premolar from the left side, and the second and third premolars from the right. As the form of the tooth 'n each case is seen in tlie corresponding one of the opposite side, the details of structure of all the cheek teeth are presented. The oetoloph of the right third premolar remains. The teeth an in au excellent state of preservation and. as they are only slightly wo'n, evidently belonged to a young animal. The last molar on either side has not i>rotruded from the jaw to its fullest extent. Both jamais are preserved, and, on the right side, part of the squamosal also.
The specimen to which the following remarks apply consists for the most part of the two maxillary bones holiling teeth. These bones are imperfect in their lateral upward extension. The right maxilla is broken ott' slightly in advance of the first premolar, but, on the left side, the full extent of the diastema, separating the first premolar from the canine, is preserved. The lower margin of the orbital opening on either side is intact.
This specimen (type) indicates an animal of about the size of Hyr.imdon ne'irasrcnsis, Leidy, from the Oligocene of Nebraska, South Dakota and Colorado, from which, however, judging from iU tooth structure, it differed specifically. The species has been described under the above name.
IIyracodon priscidens, as compared with H. ncbi-ascensia, exhibits the follo\.ing charac teristics :— (1) The teeth are shorter or more brachyodont, (2) in the premolars the protoloph is continued in a curve round the inner end of the metaloph, the tetartucone being confluent with the denterocone and arising from the protoloph, (3) in the last molar, m ', the ectoloph
40
ii relatively :uuoh shorter, with a concomitant greater development of the motaloph, (4) th« exterior cingulum ii devt-loped only on the posterior half of the base of the ectoloph in th* .even teeth, and the internal cingulum i. aUent in p', (5) the porastyle in the premolar, i, only .lightly developed, (6) the .knll i. apparently llattur and relatively more e ongate, th. lower niargin of the orbit being Icdintant from the alveolar borcler, and the jugal Ice curve* upward in the posterior halt of it. length, (7) the diastema in a.lvance of p' w proportion ately longer and it. margin i. not .o arched.
For thi. specie, of Hyraco.lon the name priicidens has been proposed, indicative of th lew advanced stage of its dentition as com|.ared with H mhrasr.nsis. In the form ot it premolar, it i. decidedly primitive, and implio. a po.itio.. in a direct line <.t de«;ent tror Hvrachyui. A progrewive character i^ seen in the .quarenes. of the premolar, whicli i. Hyra,-hyus are triangular; alw in these teeth the raetaloph i. much advanced in comparmo with the Eocene genu..
In //. priscidens, a. in the type .pedes, in-' is much the largest tooth, and in' i. large than p'. The molars occupy about the same space anteTO-po.teriorly a. the premolars.
In the premolar, there is a progre.8ion toward the molar pattern, but the advance h. been slow The anterior premolar* are more progre..ive than the posterior ones in soni resnect. This i. shown in the tendenr- to t he separation of the tetartocone from the deuter, eouT^n in passing from p' forward. In p' the tetartocone and the deuterocone are vei closely united, but in p", although still connected to the protoloph, the tetartocone has move farther toward the posterior border ot the crown, lengthening the anterior loph, and ali effecting a .junction with the metaloph.
In p' the cross loph. are unequal in length, the protoloph, in which the tetartocone
very intimately united with the deuterocone, not passing beyond a point inline withtl
inner end of the metaloph, which is short and curves slightly backward. In p ' the protolo,
i. increased in length by the shitting backward of the tetartocone, with a tendency to separa
from the deuterocone. The two lopbs remain distinct, the anterior one passing slight
beyond tho inner end of the metaloph, which in this tooth is developed to about the .ar
extent as that of p', with a like backward obliquity. In p-' the protoloph is stdl furth
increased in length, and curves round the inner margin of the crown considerably past tl
metaloph toward the posterior border of the tooth. The metaloph curves slightly forwa
and unites with the protoloph at a point so....e distance in advance of the latter s post.ri
termination. The increased length of the protoloph is due to the further rece«.ion of t
tetartocone from the deuterocone, ■ Ithough the union of the two remains comp.ete^ In
the protoloph is separate from the .netaloph, a narrow bul distinct sinus dividing them, a
the tetartocone arise, from the metaloph which in its inner half presents a concave 3urfi
forward A variation i. notice.l in the right tirat premolar of tho Cypress Hills specimen.
this tooth the sinus, seen in the left tirst premolar, in advance of the meialoph, docs not occ^
in which case the tetartocone would still be said to arise fron. the protoloph which, oo
mencing at the ectoloph, behind the para.style, forms a high continuous wall curving rou
the inner border ot the tooth for some distance past its union with the metaloph, giving
the protoloph a length proportionately still greater than the corre.sponding loph of p-. 1
left first premolar, above .lescr.bed, resembles the correspondin.^ tooth ot H. nebrascenm
fieuredby Uidy in plate XIV, figure 5, accompanying his description of the type specief
'•The Ancient Fauna of Nebraska," 1852, (Smithsonian Contribution, to Knowledge). 1
41
Other premolara in thii figure denote a §taRe of evolution much in advance of the correspond- ing teeth of //. priteidens.
In the premolars of//, primilena the deuterocone arises from the protoloph, as in p'< and p' of Hijraehyus w/rarius, Luidy, of the Briditer Eocone of Wyoming and Utah; also, in the second, third ami fourtli premolars, tlie general outliuo of the tooth is quadrangular instead of triangular as in llymchyus. The transverse diameter ol p' is relatively greater than that of either p'' or p-. The second, third and fourth premolars a^e i>rovided with a well defined cingalum that is continuous rountl the entire haw of the crown, except at the base of the tritocone; at the base of the para.-<tylc the cingulum is feebly shown, with increasing faintness in passing from p' to p". In the first premolar the exterior cini;ulura is developed only in the posterior half of the octoloph, the posterior oingiilum is strong, the anterior cingulum extends but a short distance from the parastyle, and there is no internal cingalum.
In the molars the cross loplis are nearly equal in length, tlio [iroioloph being slightly the longer, the hypoc<me is strongly developed and of the size of the prototone, from which it is separated by a deep anterior valley (mediainua). A crista, strongest in m', is developed from the ectoloph, and an antecrorhet, of fair size in m', smaller in m- and incipient in m', is given oft" from the protoloph. In p', in addition to a small crista, and an indication of an antecrochet in the form of a decided tubercle, there is a delicate crochet* which ;s of interest 08 a decidedly progressive character. In the raolors there is no internal cingulum,but posteriorly, anteriorly, and externally the cingulum is at in the premolars, except that externally it is scarcely more than suggested at the base of the parastyle. As already mentioned, the ectoloph in m'is short as com|)ared with that of m- and ra', principally on account of the reduction in size of the metacone, which does not extend, as in the other molars, far [losterior to its junction with the metaloph, but is curtailed at this jioint, in consequence of which there is only a slight indication of the formation of a posterior valley (postsinus) that in //. ncAr"»reniis has reached a more advanced stage.
The order of premolar transformation in H. priscidenx is apparently an exception to the usual metamorphosis of the Hyracodont premolars, which, as stated by Osborn in his memoir on " The Extinct Rhinoceroses" 1898, i>. 90, is presented in three successive stages of evolu- tion toward the molar pattern in the second, third and tourth premolars, the last premolar (p^) being the most advanced.
In H. prisddens the fourth premolar is the least advanced, us regards the relation of the lophs to each other, although in other respo.ta, viz., in the presetice of secondary crest folds ("crista," "antecrochet" and "crochet "), a decidoil adv;iii<-e has been made, and it may be considered in tliis regard as more progressive than p', p-' and p'.
• l'r..f.-.«iirH. K. llsUirn in hi. ii iron ■•Tli.' Kvtinct Filiinmini.. «- (M,.in.iir< "f Ih.' Almr Mii«. of Nut. Hi>l., \,il. I,
partlll, |.. H% IsilNl. has MifhtioiK^I that Ihi- •-.nH-li.t" i. •• (-.ciiliar b. tli.-trm. Uhimiu'riKi nioliir.' iiikI i. "..nly (.■.•bly (It VfluiM'ii, if itt iitl, ill tlif AiiiyiKKlont't itiiil llyritLiMlimf-. ■
1252»— fl
-fmL
43
|
U|i|)er molar Hcpieg, length Upper iiromolor serie*, length Ml widMi, (tr.) M-' " - |
MM. 62 62 28-2 ... . 24-5 |
M.M. 103 35 3U :i7 :!. 40 |
H. ii'hrttif'etnnM'* MM. ■0 26 28 |
|
|
M^' |
t« |
24 |
26 |
|
|
M' |
length (a p.) • • • |
22 |
||
|
M^ |
23 |
27 |
||
|
M'< |
it |
1!»5 |
||
|
?' |
width (trl . , . |
185 |
||
|
P- |
it |
20 |
||
|
1" |
^^ |
21-7 |
||
|
P' |
a |
2:1 |
||
|
p: |
length (a.p.) .... |
12-8 10 |
||
|
P' |
»i |
16-8 |
||
|
P' |
i( |
17-:! |
The utitorior en<l of the matxlible of ii Ilymoodon, obtained in 1904 from the IJone Coulue beds, is of apocial intereit ; it U provisionally oasigned to tliis •peciea.
The 8i)ecimen (plate IV, figures 3 and 4) congists of nearly half the left nimns with that part of the right ramus anterior to tho second premolar. Premolars 2, 3 and 4 are presorved, AS well as the roots of the canines, and of the three pairs of incisors. The alveolus of the second premolar in partly seen on the right side.
A striking feature is the long diastema, between the canine and the second premolar, nearly equal to that of llyiiwhiim (H. •t'iraruts) in proportionate as well as actual length, and about twice as long as that oi llyraroiim i'ehr(iscensh,Leiiiy. A basal cinguluraie continuous round the entire crown of the premolars, except for a short distance internally, in the second and fourth teeth, posterior to their mid-length.
MM.
I^-ngth of premolar ncrics 1 1
Prwnolar '2:
,Kiiten)-posteiior diiiiiieter 13
TranHverso (lifiinoter
Preinolap 3:
.\nterii j^/ctM-ior (liiimetci- .
Tninavt'ivr Hiinnet<*r
' Fr''moIaP" 4' —
Adtero posterior diaoietcr
Ti-aii^vfTSf dittini'tcr
Oepth of r.iriius in front of prcMiiiilar ,1
Maximum thi^'kne9■^ -if ramus iM-iieath same Uy>t\i
U'nv'th "f iliasttT -1 U'liiriil caninr
Hreaiitii of rnandi'''^ at inid lengtli of diastema 21
l-engtli of symph)>l- ^>-
■^ posterior end of sympliysis
10
15 12
ir>
13
2H- l.l 20
'ihiekness of mandible
** Ttir ui.'a-iin-iii.-iit.-.'if tlit' t"<-r- / M /i/.OH^*;ts anH //. tn>.r-t*'-, Kcwuil MiiiiiiMil»fr.Hii til.' Wliit.' Riv.r i"f;iiirti..n. i-.niMiiii'l in tin; Mii Heurv V. Oaborn. IKHT. ^,. 171, Bull. .Mu«. ' inv /.r.!.. Hiir\\ir.l C'cjII^.
U
\*i>' are taktn fruiiitlii' " I'rcliniitijirv iicctinnt nf tin- -uiii i.f Odiniiiiriitivv Z.»rl..g}" liy W. B., Scott aii.l
4.1
lO Coiilue 5
rilh tliat re«orveil, u ot tho
ircmolar, igth, and tntiniioua le second
r)-5
count (if tlir ., Sttitt all.l
AonATiiEBtvu MITE, Cope.
I'Ute IV, fig. 6.
Aeei'ithfrium mili. Cope, 1874. Annual Report IT. S. Oeol. und Geog. Survey Term for 187y, p. 4!»a.
A'eathrrium mile, Copr, 1885. The White River boiU of Swift-turrent river, North Wert Tcritory, American Xatunilist. vol. XIX, p. U!:3.
Aetralherium mile, Co|)e, 1885. Geol. and Xat. Hint. Survey of Canada, vol. I, new aeries, part C, appendix I, p. 8:).
CTtn-pus mitis. Cope, 18!»1. The specie* from the Oligocene or Fiower Miocene beds of the Cyprew h 'Is, Geol. Survey of Canada, Contr. to Can. I'aln-ont, vol. ill (quarto), pt. I, p. 19, pi. IV, fig. 2.
Cxiiopiii pitmilut. Cope, in part, IH^tl. Idem, p. lit, specimen No. 1, pi. IV, figs. 8, :i,(.
Aceraihenum mite, Osborn, 1898. The Extinct Rhinoceroses, Memoirs Araer. .Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. I, pt. Ill, p. 136.
In his 1891 report Cope assigned certain remains ot Acerathcrea from the Cypress hills to this species. They consist ot parts of two lelt mandibular rami, and are referred to a» specimens Nos. 1 and 2. The first specimen is a section of a left ramus holding the roots of the last two molars, and extending back beneath the base of the coronoid ; the fragment is 87 mm. long. The second is part of the anterior half ot another left ramus, with premolars 8 und 4 preserved, tho rooU of premolar 2, and the inner end of the alveolus of a irocumbent canine. A figure was given (pi. IV, fig. 2, pt. I of this volume) of this second specimen viewed from above.
A symphysis of a mandible, also from the Cynress hills, described and figured by Cope in 1891, under the name C<f'i«pus iiumilus, in the same publication as the above, is regarded by Oaborn (op. cit. 18!i8) as properly referable to A. mite. The second of the two specimens on which C pumilut was tounde<l (pt. I, this volume, pi. IV, fig. 4) has been shown by I'ro- fossor Osborn (op. cit. lfc»8) to be jiart of the lower jaw oi llynicodon tiehmacensis.
In the type ramus from Colorado, described by Cope in 1874, the space occupied by the first three lower premolars (2, 8 and 4) is 80 ram. as given in the original description. A similar measurement, taken from the "type lower jaw" (and therefore presumably from the same specimen), is stated by Osborn (op. cit. p. 1:J9) to be 55 mm. In specimen 2 from the Cypress hills (A. mile) the three pi olars together monsure in length 58 mm, and in the symphysial specimen (C. pumilus) a like measurement gives 43 mm. In one only of the three Cypress Hills specimens referred to A. mite, are premolar crowns preserved, and in the type ramus the crowns of the three premolars are imperfect.
A very perfect lower jaw from the Protoceras beds of South Dakota is referred doubt- fully by Osborn (op. cit. p. 139) to this species. Thi premolar series in this last specimen occupies a space of 47 mm.
An upper left third molar tooth, obtained by T. C. Weston at the Cypress Hills locality in 1884, is probably referable ' j this species. Its dimensions are : — antoro-posterior diameter, 25 mm., transverse diameter 28 mm.
**
A much Urger tooth, plate IV, fig. •), »n upper right potterlor molar of the 1904 celiac tion, coniparct favourably in size and generul ]iru|iortioni with the third molar of LfpUiftrii therium trii/onalim, Oib. and Wort, it* diameten measure, antero-poaterior, HI mm., trans vara* 37 mm.
AoikATUIHIUM <J<-CIbKNTALE (I^icidy).
rioto IV, Hg. 7. Rhinnetios nrciilmlnla, I^idy, 1851. rroo. Acad. Nat. Sci. I'liilu., vol. V. p. 27«.
This «|ieuiet is reconlod l>y Cope (this volume, pt. I) from the (Higocene of the t'ypresi hills. A number of lower jaw I'rugiiients, lic-loiigiiig both to the colluvtiou of 1U04 and to th< earlier collections, apparently represent species distinct from .^1. mile and A. ucciiUnlnle, bul they are too im|)erfect tor determination.
An inferior left posterior molar (collection of 1904) evidently belongs to this species. Ii it the basal cingulum is develo[ied in front und behind but not on the exterior and intorioi surfaces. Diameters — antero-posterior iVi mm., transverse 21 mm.
ACIRATIIRRIUM EXIUDU.M, Sp. noV.
I'late V, flgH. 8, 4 and 6.
A mandibular symphysis, collected by the writer in llone coulee. Cypress hills, in 1004, has entirely different proportions to the symphysis {C'lno/nts piimitus. Cope) from the same locality, already referred to A. mite. Thi:* iipeoimen consists of almost exactly the same |)arte of the jaw preserved in the sy^'hysis of C. puiiiilus, viz., the anterior end of the left ramus, and a short length of the rigb '.i- <us united with it so as to show the extent and form of the symphysis. No crowns ot tet-iU ure preserved, but in the left ramus the roots of premolars i and 8 remain. The alveoli for the canine iind for one incisor in each ramus are preserved, ae well as the alveolus for premolar 2 in the riirlit ramus, and the anterior half of the alveoluM for premolar 3 in the left.
Comparini; it with the symphysiul specimen of C. intmiUis, the following differences are arparent : — a narrower anil longer symphysis, having increased depth behind ; a more rapid doepening of the ramus from in front backward, with a corresponding increase in transverse thickness; a greater space occupied by the tirst two premolars; and very much larger canines as indicated by their alveoli. The greater depth of the ramus beneath the first two premolars is very noticeable.
In this specimen, beloiiginj; to the 1!)04 collection, the diastema is of about the same length as that of C, paniiliis. The niveoli for the oaiiinos are 8 mm. apart in front, and close together at a lower level are those for two incisors, one on each side of the median line. Premolar 2 was a tooth of lair size with two well separated roots.
A small species of Aeerathere, slightly exceeding A. mite (piimitum) in size, is here represented, to which the l^ame exijuum is given. The jaw is more robust than in A. pumilum, its main characteristics being the contracted and lengthened symphysis and the enlarged canines.
48
Anralktrium rrlyuHm ri>in|>iirtil with .(, mili- ( immihim).
.1. <i-../"»«i, A. mllr.
, ., , . , MM. M»l.
I^'ngth of iiyin|ihyii>, npprox jj^ ,,,
l>«|itli in friint. ..' , ' j^ .^
Dvpth Iwliiiid •>!! "I
Dialmii'i' n|Hirt of iirpionliini 2 27 3'>
M|mci' ocvaiiini lijr iin'mnlnm :; and .'1 ... .'.'..,'.,, :io 23
Auleni poKtvrior iliaiiwter of iirrmolar :.' .■...'.... I'.'S 9
Hroadlh of j»w tr»n»\pn»'ly «cr(»iHalve.ili fMrranirmx 43 " .-i;)
Height of alvttulua for lanini' 1 ■> "7
Wi-lll : .]..
I, ,, - , , I'l 10 '.J
lU-plh of rainuK l)clo» pontprinr cml of iliu^tpuia M M
iK'iith " " " |>remolur .1 jg .jj
Mkmackrops iiNiiciTiaENii (Cope).
}hn(Hlui angMtUjenit, Cope, 1H86. Qeol. und Nat. Ili.t. Sarvey of C.nadu, vol. F, new •eriet, part C, appendix 1, p. 81.
Jfaplocmlon angusligenU, Cope, 1889. The Vortebrata of the Swift-current river 11 American Naturalist, vol. XXIII, p. 168. ' '
Memdu* angustigenis. Cope, 1891. Tho .pecic from the OliKOce.ic or Lower Miocene bed«ol theCyprcM hills; (ieol. Survey of Canada. C.ntr to Can Palxont vol III (quarto) pt. I p. 18, pi. V, fig,. 1 and 2, pi. VI, fig.. 1, 1', 2.., |>l. VII, figs.'l.la, lb.' pi. VIII, flgj. 1, 2, 8 and figures of leg anti tof)t bones.
Titanolhe,iumar,gu,tigeni»,Oihotn,UW. Tho Cranial Evolution of Titanoferium, Uulle. tm Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. VIII. p. 184.
Megaeero,^, angustigenis, Ostern, 1902. The K.,ur I'hyhi of ((ligoceno TiUnotheros, idem, vol. XVI, p. 91».
This species apparently approaches closest to .U. •■•d.,rwler,s!s, Leidy, founded on coossificl nasals with horns attached. In the tly, .ress Hills species the horns are much farther apart, with a flatter surface separating them. Also the nasals, iMjsides being shorter, expand laterally in front instead of narrowing rapidly a^ in .1/. miloriilensis.
Cope, in the American Xaturaliat, 1889, p. 15 i, made this species the type of ll,n,laco,lon a generic term discarded by him in his later writing*. '
The species, of which the full description with figures is given in part I of this volume IS bascl on two maxillary bono.s from the same individual, a sepanito ieft ramus, and thJ syraphysial part of another jaw. With these were associated, as probably belonging to the same species, an imperfect cranium, and certain separate leg and foot bones. One of the maxillary bones, the left ramus and the nasal l.-nos with horns and part of the frontal were figured in plates V, VI, VII and VIII. I„ plate VI, tigure I, a view from above was given of the coossified nasals shown in si.le and front view in plate VIII, and belonging to the cranium mentioned above. Through an error in the explanation of plate VI, these nasals (hg. 1) were ascribed to .1/, «,„/«« .' ammmnus, Lei.ly, instead of to Menodua „pgustignm This error has been repeated in Professor II. F. O.born's piper "Tho Cranial Evolution of litanotherium," Bull. Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist., 18i)6, f,x)t note p. 175.
'■
no. 1
no 9
FIO. 3
M
no. 4
no. s
/
/
FIO. e
I
0"':r^-^'
\
CtXHutifiMl na-tuU uiul linrii!t uf .Xfti/ncrrnpnniutuMlvnniM am Mfii (ruiii ul" ^t■ (ft^. t i. f rum thf fnMit ititf. 'Ji. iiiiil fniiii itip tt-ft !ti()e (t))(. :tt. For (iirniutriMin witli llie niiMiilti aixl Imrnit 'if JUnrnftnifm ralnrtil, i..<ix -aitnilarty v it'Wt^l (fi^fM. -I, 'i jitnl >■ lifUT lii idy). Out- fiiiirtli the imtiiral Hi/.i'. KiK''^. 1 3 after (-(>()•'.
aaffppitMPMMM
»
MlllAOUOn IILWTRURVI Cop«).
T.n I V «' r^ «"-/ of C."^.. Contr. toC.n. I..l...„t.. vol. Ill (,,u.,.o). |>t I, |>. 17, |i|. V',||)(M 3, 8aan<l 8b. ' '
Amor. Mut. Nut. HUt., vol. VIII, p. lo;j.
"''"3''!\ vZ'rjr'"' "'*"""• ""''^' '"'• *'"" ''^''' "' ""'^•"'' '«''"''•'>»»»•'•«. •<««"«.
The co,„Miae<l nuMl bonw of o,.o indivi.l.ml f.....titute the type of thi. .,K,cie^ Thev are long .nd ...rrow, ubruptly roun.led in fro.it ».,d bent Uowt.w.nl «t the .idol. The lower .orf»ce U d«,^lj exc.v»ted in u lonxitudingl .lireotion. l>rof,..,r C.pe'. fall d.*..riptio„ with Agare>, will be foand in part I of tbU volume. «»*-npii«.., with
FIO. 7
f
\
FIO. 8
6.-L ..-/:?^
b
jf
fnmi I Ik- left wXU'V fit illy).
ra.,Mifi„l ,„..„u of .V,.;...Yr„;» «;«■.„„,„„.,. flg, 7 v.ewrd from .Ik>v,, tig. S fr,„„ tl„ i.ft
"ide. One fourth the natural ■
48 MiOAOBBOPB 8TCBBA8 (Copo).
Menodw, tyceras, Cope, 1889. American Naturalist, vol. XXIII, p. 628.
" Coi)e. 1891 The specie, from the Oligocene or Lower Miocene beds of the
Cypro^i hills; 2^1 luVvey of 'canada, Contr. to Can. Pala-ont., vol. Ill, (quarto), pti,
p. 18, 1.1. VII, fig. 2, pl. VIII, figs. 4 and 5. Titanothenum »ycera., Osb^ra, 1896. The Cranial Evolution of Tit.nother.um ; Bulletin
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. VI II, p. 193.
ap|)«arcd in part I ot this volume ■urtitce, are well marked.
FIO. lO
--^
"J
N«mIii and tutnia «if Mri/arrropt ii.«frmit, Hk. !» vu-wetl from aliuvf, fiu. 10 fnmi the front, Hg. 11 fmm the right aide. One- fourth the natural Mixe ; figs. 10 and 11, after (^l»,
Meqacerops paiMiTivus, Sp. nov. Plate VI, figs. 4 and 6.
In 1904 the writer was fortunate in securing, from theOligocene deposits of the Cypress hills, a mandible of a Titanothere that is of considerable interest. It is the most perfect lower jaw obtained so far from this locality, and is the type of the above named species.
The specimen consists of both halves of the jaw. The left ramus is perfect, with the full number of teeth preserved ; the right ramus lacks the fourth premolar, and the molars, with that part of the alveolar border that held these teeth.
The mandible is of fair si/.e, and belonged to an adnlt individual. It presents the follow- ing dental formula: I,, C,, P,, M,. There is a diastema behind the canine, a character which, taken in conjunction with the presence of three incisors and four premolars, is indicative of a somewhat primitive species. The chief characters displayed are : incisors, in three pairs,with a space between the inner pair ; canines, of small diameter, apparently short ; a diastema between the canine and the first premolar ; first premolar, small ; third premolar, becoming molaiiform, fourth premolar, molariform ; symphysis, long ; symphyaial surface between canines, narrow ; jaw contracted at the diastema ; external cingala, moderately developed ; internal cingula, wanting ; mental foramen, beneath the second premolar; coronoid process, short.
Megaceropt avus (Marsh), from the Oligocene of South Dakota, has three pairs of inferior incisors but only three premolars below on each side, and there is a short <1iastema behind the lower canine. Its dimensions are greater than those of .1/. primitivas. These two species are apparently the only ones of the Oligocene Titanotheres in which there are three pairs of incisors in the lower jaw.
Id the Cypress Hills specimen the crowns of the incisors are of a depressed spherical shape, with a tendency to come to a rounded central point above. The second incisor is the largest, and the first is slightly smaller than the third, which is the most upright. The first is more procumbent than the second. Between the inner pair is a very decided interval, leaving a space of 6*5 mm. between the crowns of the two teeth The crowns of the canines
12529—7
60
•re broken off (that of the right tooth being restored in fig. 5 of plate V I), and the right first premolar i* lost from its alveolus.
Compared with Meijncerops angustigenis (Cope), (this volume part I, p. 13, plate V, fig. 2 and plate VI, figg. 2, 2a, M. primitivus differs in the following respects :— There are six incisors instead of four, and the breadth of the jaw between the canines, which are of smaller diameter, is relatively greater ; the diastema between the canine and the first premo- lar is twice as long ; the symphysis is of greater length, reaching back to a point almost in line with the posterior edge of the fourth premolar (in angustigenis in line with the anterior root of the corresponding tooth) ; the exterior cingala are much less developed : the coronoid process is shorter. In both species the premolars have reached about the same stage of development toward the molar pattern, and the molars have very much the same propor- tions. In angustigenis the internal cingula are partially developetl. In primitivus the man- dible is shorter, proportionately deeper, and not so thick in the neighbourhood of the alve- olar border posteriorly.
Keeping in mind the differences due to sex in Titanotheres generally, and the apparent variability, both specific and individual, of certain dental characters, such as the degree of development of the cingula, the presence or absence of the first premolar, the size of the canines, and the number of the incisors, M. primitivus is ap[iarently a well marked species, characterized principally, so far as known at present, by the breadth of the mandible anteriorly (as compared with .V. augustigeni$), and the presence of the full number of teeth, with a comparatively long diastema behind the canines.
This siiecies, for which the name primitivus is used, is regarded as representing a rather early stage in the develo[iment of the Titanotheres. The general character of the dentition suggests the appropriateness of referring the species to the genuj Megactrops. That the species is already rei>resented by cranial fragments from the Cypress hills, found seiiarately, is quite possible, and further material will probably prove the identity of some of the species, from this locality, described under different names.
Measurements oj nmndiltfe of M. jirimitiviiH.
MM.
Length of rainus 475
Depth of sHiiie at posterinr end of fourth prt'iiiolar . 74
*' " " *' seoond ninlar 8!
" " from tip of cornnoiil prooes.s to lower l)order 247
Maximum thickness of Hame iK-neatli third molar 46
Length of hy mphysis 144
Distanci' apart of inHide surface of Imse cif canines^ .... 31
Length of premolar Hcries 10.1
" molar series I S;i
Diameter of canines at base . . "'" ,„
( tran»verse lo
,.._,., , , ( anteroposterior -'fi
l.)iameter of second premolar. . . '^ .^
* I transverse l^
1 .' _ . * .1 • I 1 ( antero-posterior <V2
Diameter of tlnrd pn^molar. . . ' '^ .,,
* I transverse J J
Diameter of fourth" premolar ''"'"''■"-P"*''*"'"' i!'!'
' I transverse zi
* III the liiaiitlible nf M. 'tnfj»ifi,HHit (Nu. II) tiKurnl l>y <'<>|h-, up. i-it.. ttii.-n tiHitNuri'iiient in alhiiit iK iiiiii., itrtil in tlti; !»ynil»h\>iH of tlic jaw (N'n. I, ulwj tiRun-*!! i\ like iii'-a!*ur<-iiiciit j;ivi-ii. i>y tlioaiiit- imtlioiity, ».■« L*7 mm., slnmlit rt^atl 22 iitrii. •• Kin.t premolar in Co|»f'» deHC'iipliim i»f J/. an'juMi'j'iun.
^wpiBirgii.wBBmi .m^ w^tmmmmnimii^mm
Diameter of tint molar. . ^^ „„
I tniiisvente 29
Uiaiiieter of kcodcI molar . .. '.o
( traimvorn" 33
Diameter of thinl molar f " "^"^ ^ '" .,X
( triin»ver»e 13
Mbqackkofs A8SINIB0IEN8I8. Kom. proT.
Hate V, fig. 6, and plate VI, fig. 3.
A robust, short, left mandibular ramus, belonging to the 1904 collection, indicates a species distinct from M. nngustigenis and M. primilivus. In this specimen the three molars and the fourth premolar are preserved, with the roots of the third premolar. The posterior end of the ramus is missing, as well as the anterior end in advance of the third premolar. A part of the right ramus next to the symphysis remains.
The jaw is much deeper, thicker and relatively shorter than in angustigenit and primitivus, and the teeth are much larger than in these species. It is narrow anteriorly, and the symphysis extends back to a point in line with the division between the fourth premolar and the first molar.' The bone is massive and heavy throughout. The mental foramen is placed beneath the posterior root of the third premolar, farther back than in M. primitivus.
The cingula are very slightly developed. The external cinguium is present for a short distance only, on the anterior face of each of the four teeth, and in the third molar in advance of the heel. The only trace of an internal cinguium is tc '-e seen in the third molar on the posterior slope of the heel.
The fourth premolar is fully molariforra. The teeth are stout, and of about the size of the corre8|)onding ones in .1/. marshi, Osborn, but the jaw is relatively shorter than in this species.
From the material available, the sjtecies, for which the provisional name usiniMensit is proposed, cannot be definitely characterized.
Meiwurementu nf raiuux, Typ*'.
MM.
Depth of rtiinuH iit post»Tior end of fourth premolar NO
" " " tliinl molar V)6
Thickness of runiU'* alwvo lower Iwnier U'neath |M»sterior t'nd of first molar .... •'>.'i
Vertical thickness of symphysis a little in advance of its posterii»r termination. . 5:t
Vertical thii'kncss of symphysis in line with fniiit root of third premolar 31
Space oi'ciipiol by fourth premolar and the molars 260
,,...„., ,1 tttiteroposterior 41
Diameter of fourth premolar \ '^ ii
' I transverse 11
r,. . • c . , I antero-posterior oS
Diameter of first molar , "^ .,/,
I transvers** »t»
I-,. , • , , I antero posterior 71
Diameter of sei-oml molar. . . . ' 1 1
I transverse 41
,,■ . I .I.. 1 1 I antero-posterior U9
Diameter of third molar... . . ' ,,
t transverse 43
Space occupied l»y r<s>ts of third pn'inolar (anten>-poflterior) .*$!
Space lietween fourth premolars (twice the distance of fourth premolar from
vertical plane tlinmgh symphysis) 60
81
With the left nunna, above deeoribed, is arbitrarily associated, as [irobably refenble to the tame tptam, the abbreviated cooisified nasal bones figured in plate VI, fig. 8, (collection of 1904). The specimen includes the bases of the horns which are seen to have been placed &r forward and some distance apart. The horns apparently pointed laterally outward and upward, as in M. angattigenit and M. coloraileniU, bat were much farther forward than in either of these speciee. These nasals are entirely diflforent from those of M. telwynianut, and M. lyeeriu ; they are short, thick, and broadly obtuse in front where they are but slightly bent downward. The front and lateral margins are thick and rounded, and the former is deeply notched in the middle. The lower surface is, as a whole, shallowly concave, a low longitudinal median ridge m irking the line of union of the two bor.es. The concave surface between the horn bases is shallowly and evenly curved. The horns at the base appear to have been longitudinally oval in transverse section, but a definite statement in this regard cannot be made, as the horn bases are imperfect posteriorly. The specimen is, on the line of coossifiuation of the two bones, 70 mm. back ftom the front margin, 44 mm. thick.
The shortness and general robustness of the nasals, with like characters noticeable in the proportions of the above ramus, makes it appear probable that these specimens represent a ■ingle species.
FIO. 12
CcxiiwtfiwI nazals of Mf^/nfrrofm atminifioifmin, fig. 13 suiwrior iwiiort, fi(f. 13 Mt 1at*-ral asiiwt. One-fourth the nalutal 8iw.
The two species, angustigenis und syeeras, have the general form of horn found in the type of the genus Megweropa, viz., I/, coloradentis, Leidy. lu the other throe species from the Cypretis hills the horns are not knovvn. In tour of the five species, however, the nasals are known and show a wide variation in shipe, all difiering from those of the type.
M
A comparison of the naaula and hortit of M. •peciei, ii set forth in the table given below : —
'■olornihn$is, with those of Cypress Hills
M. selwynianui.
M. angustigenis.
M. coloradensis.
M.
syceraa.
M. asB'iiiboiensis.
Nasals.
Ijong and narrow, obtusely rounded in front, under surface deeply ex- cavated, lateral margins produced downward.
Thick and rather long, expanded anteriorly, front margin very ob- tusely pointed, under surface moderately excavated.
Of moderate length, thin and bent downward anteriorly.
Rather short, evenly rounde<I in front, stout, ghallowly excavated beneath.
Very short and thick, ending square- ly in rront,under surface only slight- ly concave.
Horns. Unknown ; probably short.
Short, far apart, flattened at base on anterior outer sur- face, and cylindrical above, directed decidedly outward.
Of moderate length, cylindri- cal above, flattened on |)oe- terior outer surface at base, directed obliquely outward and upward.
Lengthening, close together and upright, more rounded in section near base than in .1/. angustigenis.
Placed very far forward and rather far apart; probably
long.
A series seems to be represented here with sehoynianu* and assinihoimsis as extreme forms, and coloradensis occupying an intermediate irasition. Compared with the type species, selwyiiianus has long and narrow nasals, whilst those of assiniboiensis are broad and very short. In angustigenis the nasals are rather long and the horns short. In si/i-eras the reverse is the case, the nasals are rather short and the horns are lengthened. Coloradensis has both nasals and horns of medium length. A lengthening of the horns appears to have accompanied a shortening of the nasals, and it is probable tlat seln-ynianus had short horns and assiniboiensis long ones Selwynianu; primitivui and attmiboiensis are, tor the present, referred to the genus Megacerops.
A portion of a right maxilla, holding the second, third and fourth premolars, and a separate left horn, are mentioned by Cope in the first part of this volume, under the name Menndus amerlcan>js (Leidy), dimensions and figures of the horn being given. Two separate horns also belonging to the Cypress Hills collection of 1884, wero referred by the same author in the same publication to Menodus proutii (O. N. and K.). These two species are not determi- nate, and the specimens referred by Cope to them do not present characters sufficient for their identification with described forms. The horns evidently represent two species distinct from Megacerops angustigenis and M syirras. It is possible that, with the advent of new material, they may be found to bo assignable to two of the other three species of .Megacerops from the Cypress hills, viz , .1/. selwyni'inus, .\[. as.sinilmensis and .M. pnmitivas,o{ which the horns are not known.
M
CaALICOTHIUCM BILOBATDM, Cope.
Plate III, figa. 7, 8 and 9.
Ckalieotherium bilobatum. Cope, 1889. The VertebraU of the Swift-current river, II American nataraliat, vol. XXIII, i>. 151.
Chalieotherium bilobatum, Cope, 1891. The species from the Oligocene or Lower Miocen of the Cy[>reM hills; Oeol. Survey of Canada, Contr. to Can. Palieont., vol. Ill (quarto), pt. I, p. 8.
The type specimen of this species has been described and figured by Cope in part I o this volume. It consists of the cooasified anterior ends of the mandibular rami, of which thi left is preserved backward a short distanee beyond the posterior end of the symphysis, am displays the alveoli of the second, third and fourth premolars, and of the first molar, witi part of that of the second molar. In advance of the second premolar are the remains o •Iveoli for the canine, and three incitors. The bone is here slightly abraded, the alveol appearing as distinct but shallow depressions. Of those for the incisors, the first or inner roost if> the largest and deei>est, and the third is the least distinct. That for the canine ii narrow transversely and twice as long as wide. A smooth surface to the bone passes out ward between the second premolar and the canine, representing a narrow diastema. It ii I <obable that the canine and incisor teeth were not present in the adult animal. There is no indication of a first premolar. The roots of the three premolars are partially preserved,
In his observations on the genus, following the specific description in the Americao Naturalist (|i. 152), Professor Cope proposed the order Ancylopoda for the reception of the two genera Chalieotherium and Ancylotheriam. These remarks, which do not afipear in the Contributions to Canadian Pahuontology, were as follows : —
" Although this is the first announcement of the discovery of the genus Chalieotherium in America, it is not the first discovery. Professor .Scott showed me a series ofsnperioi molars from the Loup Fork formation of Kansas, from the Agassiz Museum, which he identified as belonging to this genus. The jiresent species is of larger size than the Kansas form, and is apparently equal to the C. goUfussi of the Uiiper Miocene of Europe. The occurrence of this form in the Lower Miocene (White River), as well as the Upi)er Miocene (Loup Fork), of this country, is a noteworthy fact, but is parallel to its history in Europe Described from the Upiier Miocene by Eaup, it was afterwards found in the Middle Miocene (C. grande) by Lartet, and in the Uiiper Eocene (C mmlicum) by Gandry."
" The remarkable character of this genus, as discovered by Filhol, has been already mentioned in the Xaluralist* If. has little relation to the family of Perissodactyla, to which it has given the name, and which it so resembles in molar dentition. It must form a family by iti-elf, and the genera with which it has been associated must form a family to which the name Lambdotheriidae may be apiilied. The anterior ungual phalantrcs of Chalieotherium are of prehensile character, and not ungulate, but rather unguiculate. The phalanges resemble those of the Edentata, but the carpus ami tarsu6 are, according to Filhol, diplar- throns in structure, while the Edentata are tiixeoiiodous. We have in the Chalicothoriidae the antithesis of the Condylarthra. While the latter is ungulate, with an unguiculate carpus and tarsus, the former is unguiculate, with on ungulate (diplarthrons) carpus and tarsus.
* "O-lhirnunClmlicotlifrimn. IWM, |». 72H "
ss
Thai the Chalicothoriidae luart be referred to a distinct order of ungnicalate Manimalta, which I propoBO to call the Ancylopoda, with the above definition. Two genera belong to the tingle family, the Ohalicotheriidae, viz., Chalicotherinra Kaup, and Anoylotheriam Qaudry. In the former, the phalanges are distinct ; in the latter, the first and second are corissifie«l (Lydekker). Marsh has not yot shown how his genus Moropus differs from Ancylotherium. The s|>ocies described by Miirsh under this name are from the I/)ui. Fork bed of Kansas."
A se|«rate lower left premolar of a Chalicothoroid (collection of 1904) is probably referable to this species. The tooth (plate II F, figs. 7, 8 and 9) is regarded us the third premolar, and han an antero-iK>sterior diameter about equal to the space for the corresponding tooth, of which the roots are preserved, in the above (type) mandible. I'rofessor W. R Scott, of Princeton University.has kindly examined this specimen, and, although agreeing with the writer that it i» the lower premolar of a Chalicotheroid, considers it unlikely " that the genus Chalicotherinra should be found in the Titanotherium beds, for that genus is typical of the Middle and Upper Miocene of Europe." He is of the opinion that " much more probably the species of Cope will i.roveto be referable tooneof the genera of the French Oligocene, such as Schizotheriaro."
The Cypress Hills 8|)ecies needs to be studied from better material before its true generic atlinity can be determined.
RODENTIA.
SCIURUS ? SASKATCIlEWENSIf!, Sp. nOV.
riate VIII, figs. 16, 17. A species of rodent, most nearly allied apparently to Sciurus, is represented by a molar tooth. As enough characters are nr applied by the single tooth for the proper definition of the undescribed genus seemingly ludicated, a provisional reference to Sciurus is made for the present. Tha species is described as new.
The tooth is apparently an up))er left molar. The crown, which is borne on three roots, is siibquadrangular in outline aa seen from below, wth the antero-posterior diameter slightly less than the transverse diameter. The maximum antero-|)osterior measurement (length) is near the outer side. Of the three roots, one is internal and is much the largest, the other two aree.\ternal and subequal. The height of the enamelled surface of the crown is twice as great internally as externally.
The tooth is only slightly worn. The i.attem consists of an external median enamel inflexion, extending inward nearly across the crown, and two fossettes, one anterior, the other 1 posterior. The enamel inflexion has a de|.th greater than half the height of the external face of the crown bnt the two fossettes are not so dc .'p. Of these latter, the posterior one is the larger and is complete, the anterior one is closed outwardly but communicates inwardly with the median inflexion. A narrow marginal ridge is continuoua round the crown except where It IS mterrupted by the external enamel inflexion. This ridge is most prominent internally
I anteriorly and posteriorly it sinks to a lower levc , rising again to enclose the fossettes
; externally.
56
The inner flue of the crown U not strongly tamid m in iSMuriM typically, but apitroaoh the marginal ridge a« a modoralcly convex iito|ie, in contraxi to the other fttoes, which contn toward the Iwae. The anterior crosN creet ii formed of I wo diitinct cacpi, recalling the ar diviiion of the crests deitcribed by Matthew in Seiurus {I'rotnurus) vettulu**. \ mini ■tyle occurs in tha marginal ridge external to the puNterior foHsette, breaking the contlnui of the ridge to a ilight extent. No ityle is present at the outlet of the median enan inflexion.
From the above deeoription it will be seen that the tooth pattern implieNanearapproa to Seiurua, but the radical differences apparen' pn>clade its definite reference to thai gem The comparative prominence of the marginal ridge in front and behind is probably a primiti character.
Measurements of crown of type specimen: — Antero-|iotterior, 2*80 mm., transvei diameter, 2'70 mm.
TxKsality :— Bone uonl<Se, Cypres* hills, Saskatchewan.
IsciiTiOMTs TTP08, Leidy.
Plate VIII, fig. 18.
A slightly worn molar is referred to this species de.scribed, originally, in 1856, from t Oligocene of Nebraska. The Cypress IlillM tooth is apparently a second lower molar from t right side, and was mentioned in the writer's preliminary list of Hpecies contained in the 19 collection (Summary Report tor 1905) as probably referable to this species. Its tooth [latte agrees fairly well with that of the corresponding tooth, figured by Leidy, in his " Extii Mammalian Fauna of Dakota and Xebraska," 1869, pi. X.>lVI. In size the Cypress lli tooth is slightly smaller. The antero-posterior diameter of the crown measare* 8 mm. and about equal to the transverse diameter.
Bo'ie couMe, Cypress hills. Collection of 1904.
CvuNDRODO.N' F0NTI8, Douglass. Plate VIII, figs. 19, 20.
Cylindrodon fontis, Douglass, 1901 . Fossil Mammalia of the White River beds of Montar Trans. Amor. Philos. Soc, vol. XX, p. 15, pi. I.V, figs. 9, 9a.
Cylindrodon fontii, Matthew, 1903. The Fauna of the Titanotherium beds at Pipestc Springs, Montana; Bulletin Amer. Mns. Nat. Hist., vol. XIX, article VI, p. 212, li 7 and 8 A, B, C, D.
Douglass established this genus and species on two jiarts of right mandibular rami, w well worn teeth, from the Pipestone beds (01igocene),near Pipestone Springs,in south-we8t( Montana. The variation of the tooth-pattern through wear has been worked out by Matth from a series of lower jaws, and an upper jaw, from the same locality.
In the writer's provisional list of the fauna of the Oligocene beds of Cypres* hills, represented by the collection of 1901, part of a left mandibular ramus was referred to a spec of Steneqfiher distinct from S. vebrnscensis, Leidy. This specimen is now seen to be prope referable to Cylindrodon fontis, Douglass.
* The Fauna of tht- Titanotlieriutii I>wl8 at I'iiieHt'ili*' S|iriiigM, Montana, 1!»03.
-"^^''mmm
6T
The Cypnm f IHlt fragment of lower jaw ia from the mifldle of the left ramui., »nd hold* one tooth, the first molar. Anterior to the tooth U part of the alveolua for the fourth pre- molar, and hobiiid it thealveolai for the Kocond raolar.and the remaineof that for tho poeterior or third molar. The tooth ii onljr mode-ately worn, and has reaolied tho itaire of wear thown by Matthew in his tigun 8 U. Of the three foMettes in tho worn sarfaco of the crown, tlie anterior one ii cloaed internally, u »lij?ht inflexion of the enumel remains to the poatorior one, but there ii still a very decided inflexion to tho median one. When further worn the poeterior ibasetle becomes complete internally, and later the median one also. The orown ofthis molar measures, antero-poHteriorly 2'25 mm , transversely L>i'0 mm. The full depth of the ramus is not preserved, but enough of the bono remains to show that the jaw was deep.
Matthew places the species with some doubt in the Castorid:! . It is interesting to find this Hmall gj>ecieH included in the 11)04 collection, thereby adding to the number of species common ti) the faunas of the Cypress llilla ami I'ijiestono Springs O'igocene beds.
Locality :— Hone coulee. Cypress hills, I'rovincc of Saskatchewan.
Eirr\po«iTs PARvrs, Sp. nov.
Plate VI, figs. 1 and 2. A single molar represents this species. In tho Summary Floport of the Geological Survey for the year 1904, the writer specially mentioned this tooth as being worthy of notice on account of the large numbur of isolated enamel loops or lakes present in the worn sur- face of the crown, and in a foot-note, added whilst tho report was being printed, tho opinion was expressed that it was probably referable to .Matthew's then newly established genus Euiypomyi.
The Cypress Hill* tooth, thought to be ihe lower third molar of the left side of the jaw, closely resembles, in tooth pattern, the teeth of E. thnmtoni, Matthew, the type species of the genus* from the Oligoceno (Ix)wer Orcodon beds of the White River formation, Cheyenne river) of South Dakota. It is considerably emaller than the lower teeth of the type, and indi- cates a proportionately smaller animal.
Seen from above the crown is subtriangular in outline, the transverse diameter in front being greater than behind ; tho antero-posterior diameter exceeds the maximum transverse diameter. A view of the worn surface of the crown is given in plate VI, figure 2, in which are shown the numerous isolated lakes characteristic of the genua. In all about twenty lakes are seen. The tooth is constricted behind its mid-length exteriorly, the crown boing well rounded and tumid on each side of the constriction or valley, in which are three or four shallow infold- ings of the enamel below the level of the worn surfiue On the inside, at raid-length, the crown is slightly inflected al)ove, but the decided constriction of the extenial surface is want- ing. The tooth is two roofed, tlie anterior fang being much the stouter of the two. The anterior surface of the crown is flattened, and has the appearance of having been preceded by a tooth in front. Posteriorly, however, the surface is rounded, as if no tooth pressed against it from behind ; these considerations, together with the somewhat triangular shape of the tooth, suggest its being the last of tho series.
\\*l^"'''>r "' '"" "'" *''■'"■"' "' *''>'"">il» lr-<w til.. 01ig,i.-..ne iif S.iiitli l)alv,.U: llull.tin Ani.r, Mu». Nat. Ili»t,, v.il. 1252U— 8
M
M<munim»Hlt uftiipr aiMi'imrn.
MM
Ta«»l lioJKlit uf tiioth (xMlcrbirly '.''*
HaiKlit <rf crown ponUTior'y '"
AntiTD-poitvrior dwiiii'U-r III crown -'7
AntrriDr traiHvcnw iliitniatar of crown •'t
Pu*t«rior tnuuverw diameter <i( crown. IH
Pal-kolaoci tur(iidvi«, Coye.
A left muidibular ramat from the OyproM hilli wm refurruJ by Cope, in 1891 (part I, tbtt volumt, p. 5, pi. XIV, fi){i. !l, 9a), to thii iiieciei. The fpeciinon lanki tho apper part of the anterior lobe of P, and the upper end of the inciiior. Tbo |KMterior molar ii miiaing, but ite approximate mko ia given by ita alvuolot. The other lower teeth are |ierfect.
Comparing the aijecimen with the rami of tliii ipccies figured by Cope, in his " Tertiary Vertebrata," 1884, pi. LXVII, it it seen that the spaue occupied by thu molar-prumolar aetiea \i (lightly greater, but the depth of thu jaw ii the lume, ai \* alao the size uf the diastema behind the incisor. The teeth appear to have the same relative size to each other, and the internal enamel inflexion, apparently, ha« a like development. .Matthew has placed this s(>ecimen, described by Cofw in 1891, in his species P. bravhyodnn (op. cit., 1003, p. 217) which is of the size of P. turgidut, but diffdnt from it, as the name implies, by being more brachyodont. Other oharactars ascribed to P. brachyodon as distinguishing it from P. tur-
giduH are 1'- smaller and more conical, ra'* ap)iarently larger, the internal enaniol inflexion
less persistent. In lower jaw 1' , shorter, more conical, and the inflexion disappearing earlier than in P. lurgiihu. These distinguishing characters are not ap|)arent, to the writer, in the Cypres* Kills specimen, which is here left under Cope's name.
Mtwmrements of Cyfirriu llillt uperimfn
.MM.
18 0
Molsr-pramular iieries
Third premolnr :
Ant«"ro-|)o«terior ilittmeter 'I • 4
Transverxe " -4
Height alM>ve alveolnr rim '> +
Posterior molar ;
Anterapoaterior aiamcti-r 2 ■ •"<
Transveme " '2
T i-ngth <if (liaHtemn lieliind inciwir . . 112
Depth of ramus benentii P, ... . . . . 9*r*
Pal-kolauis mayueni, Ixiidy.
Plate VIII, figs. 21-25.
Another spcciesof Palirnlagiis, dUtmct from the preceding, is reproseiited by teeth, from both jaws, included in the collection of 1904. These teeth agree in size with those of P. hayiUni, the type species of the genus (Oligoccne (White River) of Nebraslca, South Dakota, &c.), established by Leidy in 1856 ; they are for the present referred to that species. On plate VIII, are figured three of these teeth, an upper premolar, an upper molar, and a lower molar, from w'-ich the following measurements are taken : —
B
Mi-atHrmumU.
MM.
t.ppi'r Mt pn-molur, '. fourtli pn'nuikr (pUte VIII, tiuii. '.'3 ttnl 'i:\) : —
Antero-pontirior dMiiii-ttT of urimliiiK niirfwc 2 0
Tntniiv«r>i« diwiiater ol grimliiiK Hurfare 2-8
l'|>|ii-r right nmUr, ! tint iiiular (|>ltttn VI 11, A||, 2|) :—
Aiitrni jHiNtrriur iliiinicti'r ol grindiiiK •iirfai-e 3-0
TranHvcr* iliametri' «l grinding nurfai* 2' 6
Liiwar ri|{lil iiinlar <pliito VIII, Hgt. '.'I and 3ri): —
AntiTii p<mt<-rior diameter of Uiotli alaivc 3-3
TrHnaverir diami'ti-r of untvriur Inlie aliove 2 • 2
It it likely that more than two specie* of Paltolagui arc reprcaottteU from tho Cy,)roM hilli. Among the separate teeth, obtained in l'.)04, are n niimhor of itiuiMin of rodents, some of which are probably refi-ruble to I'alaolutjui.
OARNIVORA
IIy.ksodon CHVCNTOei, licidjr. riato VII, 1, liatidS. Uyrtnodon irumtitg, I«idy. 185;t. Proc. Acad. Nat Sci., Phila., vol. VF, p. :!92.
" *' Ijcidy, 18G!). The extinct mammalian fauna ot Dakota aiul Nebraska ;
Jour. Acad. Nat. Hoi. I'hiU., second nerioa, vol. VI[, pp. 47 and '169, pi. V, tigs 10, 11.
The anterior half of a Ictl mandibular ramus is referred to this species, and reprenents the second member of the Ilyii'Dodontidir to ]>e recorded from this locality, tlie first being lfimip»alo<t<m grandii described by Cope.
This i«pecimen shows the alveoli of the canine, of thu four premolars, and of the fir.^t molar ; the roots of these teeth, with the exception of thosq of the canine and first premolar, l)eing preserved. The alveolus of the canine indiuutos that tlio tooth was nf large S'ze, <lirccted well upward, and oval in transverse section, with its greatest diameter in an antero- posterior direction. The first premolar, as shown by its alveolus, was single rooted, and followed closely iHihind the canine. Tlie roots of the first atid second premolars passed down- ward obliquely backward, those of the third and fourth as obli(|uely forward. The first molar was of small size, its antenviioaterior diameter being about equal to that of the second pre- molar.
Although the crowns of the teeth are missing in the Cypress Hills specimen, it is appa- rently properly referable to H. cruentus, Loidy, from the Oligoceiie of South Dakota and Colorado, judging from its size and general proportions, and tho relative spaces occupied by the teeth, in comparison with the published figures of Lcidy and Scott.
The anterior end of the specimen, inside the alveolus for the canine, is broken away, and no trace of the alveoli for the incisors is preserved. Following the pluiie of the symphysis forward, however, it is seen that there could have been little room for the incisors, which must have l)eon crowded. At the symphysis a small piece of bone, belonging to the riglit ramus, remains atttiched to the specimen, and, alonf the lino of junction, indicates a
«0
nthn thorough eob*.ifi. .Hon of th« two nnii. Th« hiiuUr end of the •ym|.hy«iii m in Hna with tha front root o( iln third premolar. Two niimtal foramina are proi«nt, the Urger <>t tlio two beneath th« » ori .r root of the tliinl pramolar, tha other beneath it point »lijrhtly in •dvanca of tha i«>>iid 1 1 m mlar.
Jt'iuurriiieiil:
MM.
l4<ntftli rrf p<|iM.'jiii«n ' n'l,
I^ntflb iif prciiiiilui r, (
I "t |>r<tiiH>liir . . . 4
Lfiigtli of a!
3n<l 3r<J
Ant<'nKpw>t< J TraiMverw di '
HpiM.*t* IwtWMT
IVptli of ml I" l>ppt)i (if rami Tliii'knen <>i
I»i » • 3r<l "
Hh '■
I lit moUr
1 ii'tiH of »lv«iilu» o( canine.
Midi.
II
r.
I<i
II
II)
appri.x _ _ 7
nn and !• . praii'nlur 3
imI -iaA ^MTinoUr ;i
'*" " 4 1 " r .tnil txt OKMHr .11
II H . t' .,.,- p,«„( |._>
I lyiiiphy.ia Ifi
Coll.'ctorT. C \\,-t
A Inft lower tootli
Mcond premolar of 7/
I II.' f'oind t notion.
i.( Mwirt-currenl iTi'ck OVine rouli'*), Cyjinwi hilN. IH8f. '• > in lim, |)lafo VII, H^. 3, baa the |.ro|H)rtion«of the .li .'coli (contniniiiK rootn) of the nocoml |>romolar of tha leftraimi«,mentionetli.ifovoimU nilirri i to //. cn^nri/*, indicate by theirsize that thi«ae|>arate tooth in probably roiorablo to thi« si)eciog.
Ily.KBOCOll IRDCIAHK? Ixjldv.
i'lnte VII, ligd. 4, 6 and 6. Jlyrrnoilon rrurhn.'i, Loidy, 185:1. proc. Acad. Nat. Sc-i. I»hila, vol. VI, p. WH.
A Bccorid species o' U,/.niodon \» ropreacnted by a nuporior \e(t fotirtli premolar (collee- tion of 1904). The t. otii is not quite as large as the corregpondiiig premolar of Jl. cruci.nis, a» described iiml figured by L.'idy in 1869 in "The Kxtiti. t Miinimalian Faupu of Dakota and Nebraska"*, but approaclies cloit-ly to it in sliaiie ; it is referred to this species provisionally.
In the Cypress Iliilstooth the protocone is large and compressed, thetritocoue (posterior cusp) is small and slightly trenchant, the denterocone (inferior cusp) is fairly developed on the inner side in line with the piotoeone. There is an inconspicuons protostyle (anterior basal cusp, and exteriorly, at the mid-length of the crown, the basal cingnluni is foebiy di'veloped.
Mfasiit-inf titi'.
Mux. lu'i^iht of crnwn i>f tooth " length " " "
" lireHiJtIi " " "
MM.
8 -2 10 HI
The specimen rcpreaents a species of about the same size as //. crwians, Ixjidy, but pDssilily distinct.
:i»i».I.i'''i'l.*'''''''''''''''''''''''''" "'''""'■'''''"■''"''"'' ^''■'''■''"''''- •'"'"'■ '^'■"''- >■■"<■ ~^-i- I'liila.. «,„„,l„r,
ii», >..! VII, |.|,. 4K>M,I
IlnimALoiMXf aMHDiSiCope.
Plate V(I, «((•. 7«iid8.
ffemip»nl,H/„ii gian.Us, CofM), l«8i, Thi- White River boU» o( Swiflturrent river, North
VVett Territory. American Natumliit, vol. MX, p. ltd; and Qeol. ami Nat lli«t. Simey
of Canada, vol. I, ne«rM>ri«i, part C, 1886, a|>|)«ndix I, p. »0. /ImipMlodon grandit, C<>p«, 1891. The mM^cio* from the Oligoccno or I^iwi r Miocene be<ls
oltheCjrpreiehilU; Guol. Surrey of Canada, Contr. to fan. I'uhiont., vol. Ill (quarto),
pt I, p. 0,pl. II.
The material on whbh tliie ^enue uml njiciio* were e«iabliiihe<t conii«t«of a rijiht mandi- holar raniui, a ooraiileto and well preiK*rved right f'omur, und a left femur, of «lighlly iimaller size, from which tho diital end in raiMinx. Coins'* full de»criptlon, wiih figure*, it given in part I of thii volnmv.
//<m(;>»fi(o</on ii tho reprerK-ntative, in North America, of I ho European Upper Kocene I'terodoii. It ditt'en from the lutier in the form of tho oiilarKed posterior lower true molar.
Anioiijf the vharacien of U. yiamlin, which ii the largest of all known croodontn, aro to be noticed the great depth of the riwndilM««,the length of thonymphysiii, anil tho immenie »\xe of thf canine, rt-hioh so crowds thi- incisor* that the sccoii 1 of these teeth i> behind tho other two Tbocviiiphysis reaches hacktoapc t nearly b«'low tho middle of tho fourth premolar.
Through iiii error, in printing probably, the length o( the premolar serioii is given, in the dcscript: 11 on ].. 6, of pii I, of this volume, as 108 mm. This mcaHuremont should read S" mm.
In the l!ii4 collection from the typical locality is a large canine tooth, plate VII, tign. 7 :iiid 8, that api rontly belongs to thi* species. Its dimensions, at the point of greatent thii k. no89, agree with those of tho canine in the typo spocimon. In this xeparate tooth tho upp^-r part of the crowi\ is brolton off, bul the whole of tho root Im preaervoii, giving a length to th.- specimen of II I mm , with an estimated total length lo the tooth, when perfect, of about 1-!' mm.
CVBODIOTIS UPPIKCOTTIANl'- (Cope).
Plate VII, figs. !•-! 4.
There are in the eollectioii of 1904 four teeth that apparoiiuy h- long I- •<.. - species, of which Cope was uncotlaiii as to whether it was distinct from, or onl a lar. .iriety of C. grfjanui (Cope), one of the coininoiiest .f the Whit. River (OligcK-one/ car!ii\ore> (le>criliod from Colorado, Nebraska and South Dakota.
The teeth from tho Cypro.-^s hills were obtained s>.|.:irately , and agree in .size iiio-i closely with those described by Cope under the name '.'-i/c yn./- lipp <yt,'li.iHus (nee Cope'^ Tertiary Verlcbrata,vol. IJI.book I, 18-i4, p. 9 lit, pi I.XVII '! ey aro, a left lower i bird pro- molar, a let! lower fourth premolar, and a right lower t;-st n olsr of which the anterior cusp is mixsing. Another tooth, slightly damaged, from the f' ulo, i« ai-parently a lower fourth premolar.
i 3 :';
M
Daphxhub fblinus, Scott.
Plate VII, figs. 15 and 16.
Dapha-nui felinui, Scott, 1898. Notes on the Canidic of the White River Oligocene ; Trans. Amer. Philos. See., vol. XIX, p. 361.
The hinder part of a right maxilla, in which is preserved the sectorial tooth, is referred to this Biiecies with a certain amoant of doaht. The specimen includes the alveoli of the third premolar and of the three molars.
In his "Oligocene Canida-," Ilateher* has made known the complete dentition of this species, from excellent material from the Oreodon beds of Bad r.ands creek, 8ioux county, Nebraska. In comparing the dentition of the Cypress Hills specimen, so far as its incom- pleteness will admit, with that of the species as set forth by Hatcher in his description and figures (plates XIV and XVI) it is seen that there is a fair agreement in the size of the sectorial (fourth premolar), and the space occupied by the teeth from the third premolar to the second molar, both inclusive, is almost the same, giving about a corresponding size to the third premolar,and the first and second molar teeth. A difi'orence is noted in the position of the alveolus of the third molar, which is placed farther outward in the Canadian specimen, being in line rather with the exterior borders of the first and second molars than with the inner margins of the same as shown by Hatcher. The alveolus of the third molar is very close to the hinder border of the second molar, and indicates a greater crowding of these teeth, with a probably smaller antero-posterior diameter to the second molar. There seems also to have been a greater backward obliquity to the outer border of the second molar. In the sectorial tooth of the Cypress Hills specimen the antero-intemal cusp (denterocone) is lonjfer and narrower, and is directed more forward, so as to form with the base of the external cone a decided fork, into which the posterior border of the third premolar fitted closely. The deuterocone has a slightly convex upper surface (within the cingalum),on which is developed a distinct longitudinal median ridgo. The antero-external cone (protocone) and the posterior cone (tritocone) apparently agree well with the corresponding parts of the sectorial of the Nebraska skull. A basal cingulum is present ; it is moderately developed internally, and includes the anterior border of the deuterocone, but is rather weak externally.
Hatcher (op. cit., p. 67) has drawn attention to the difference in the position of the upper third molar relative to the two prcv Ung molars in the genera Amphicyon and Daphnnus, Ilis remarks appeared as follows : — " The chief generic distinctions between Daphu nus, Leidy, and Amphicyon, I^artet, in so far as they are at present known, are to be found in tlie relative size of the premolars, structure of canines, and position of the superior third tubercular molar. The canines of Dupli'ihus are without either anterior or posterior cutting edges, while these are present in Am^ihicyon. The preraoiara are reduced in size in Amphicijov, while those of Daphmnas show little or no reduction. In D<ii)hiinus the superior third tubercular molar is pushed inward and aligned with the internal cones of the preceding molars, while in Amphicyon this tooth occupies a more externdl position."
In the Cypre:(s Hills specimen ( 1 ) the canine is not preserved, so that a comparison cannot bo made in this connexion, (2) the ♦ourth premolar at least is not reduced in size (Ihiplmnm) and (.3) the third molar is in line with the external cones of the preceding molar (Amphici/on).
•M<uiuir«i»f till- CitrtK'i^if Miihi'iiiii, I'ittHlnirKli, \ul. I. No. 2, Sept., l!Mrj.
6.1
From thig it appears that the Canadian specimen combines characters that, according to Hatcher, belong to l)oth of the above genera.
The Cypress Hills specimen represents an animal ot almat the size of D. felin us, And it is provisionally referred to that species, although there is not an exact agreement in the form of the sectorial, and althou^-h a difference is noticed in the alignment of the molars. The in<!orapletenes« of the specimen precludes a satisfactory comparison.
Ix>cality :— eastern escarpment of the Cypress hilli, nine miles due east of Bone couMe. Tiawrence Lambe, 1!)04.
1'ROTKMNOCYON lURTSIIORNIANim (Cojic).
Plate VII, tig». 17, 18, 19 and 20.
A left upper fourth premolar (ioctorial),l>eloiiging to the collection of l!t04, is referred to this species. Tlie tooth, from which the inner anterior cusp (deuterocoiie) has been broken off, is well worn, and probably belonged to an old individual.
This species is kn.)wn from raiher meagre material from the Oligocene of Colorado and South Dakota. CJope has referred toliis species i»m/)Aicyo« hanahoniianus* certain fragments of .iawi», holding teeth, that Lcidy,in his memoir on "The Kxiinct Mammalian Fauna of Dakota and N^ebraska," 186!*, included in his descripiion of Amplacyon nlus (p. .i-i. pi. I. figs. 8, 4 and 6). The suj^rior sectorial, obtaine 1 m 1904 from the Cypress hills, agt«c< very clok jy'in size and form (without considering the inner anterior cusp which is missing in our specimen) with the sectorial shown by I^idy in his figure G.
A second upper sectorial, also from the left side, obtained from the Cypress Hills locality by Mr. T. C. Weston in I b»4, may belong t.i this species. It is slightly smaller than the 1904 specimen but is otherwise very similar. Ilie protocone is robust and has a broad anterior face ; posteriorly it narrows to a sharp, stc. j, edge directed obliquely inward. The tritooone is compressed laterally and forms a good cutting edge. The ileuterocone i< of fair size and is well detached from the base of the protocone. A ilistinct cing ilum encin .> s the entire base of the crown. The posterior root is laterally compressed, its antero-iiosterior diameter proxi- mally greatly exceeding the transverse one. The root supporting the deuterocone is likewise compressed, but to a less extent.
\l''aitttre,nfinU.
Sectiirml of IS.SI ; plntc V|[, (i^,«, is, lil and 20 :
I>!n;.'tli from postiTior i-ml to iiiitiTo^xteiiial Iwse of [.loliicom- 12-5
l>'ii;,'tli from pi.Hterior end to antero intrinal Imw of |irotiicfciiB |.-i 0
Rri'iultli iintrriiirly at liagc of iiiutuciiMr j . 2
Height of in-otiH'oni', iiioliiilinj; uiiiKiilum (j .",
Sectorial of 11(04 : pliito VII, lij;. 17 :
Kxternnl length , .> . I,
Internal lengtli 1 'i fi
Breadth anteriorly . 7 • •>
llreadth anteriorly at Iwse of pnitocoiie \\ (;.•(
Height of protocone, ineludinj; cinguluin ' _ l^ . o
• ISAI. Tlir Vrrtelmitii uf til.- T.-rtiiiry K..iriiiition« .,f tlie Wot. K.|«irt f. S. Cnl. .Siirv.-y '
>'l. III.
il
64
According to Hatcher. Daphmnus hartshomxanut i« properly referable to his genaa Pro Umnocyon,* fooDded on excellent material from the Oligocene depo«t. of Hat Creek bariu, Sioux county, Nebraska.
DitciOTis FmiTA, Leidy. Plate VII, fig*. 21, 22, 23 and 24. DinietU fetina, Leidy, 1856. Proc. Acad. Nat 8ci. Phila., vol. VIII, p 91.
T ." .^fJ''^' ^^^^' '''''* •"'"'=* mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, pp. 0 1 and 8ti8, pi. V, figs. 1-4.
Ti. ;^"«^* '»"«••/«*. "'"'"'.I'elonKmg to the 1904 collection, is referred to thi. apeciee The three figures of it m plate VII will give a fair idea of its proportions. The two large cusps, the principal one and the smaller anterior one, together form an admirable cutting e^ge. The posterior cusp or heel is well developed, trenchant and larger than the heel of the corresponding tooth in Hoplophoneu,. A small p .stero-intemal cusp is present, big*, on the posterior border of the principal cusp. There is also a very small anterior basal cusp or tubercle The tooth has not been subjected to much wear, and its cutting edge, are, throughout, slightly denticulated. * * '
Another tooth, fig 24, an upper canine, probably also belong, to this species. It curve. . ightly backward and ends b^low in a moderately sharp point. In transverse section above It IS narrowly elliptical. The posterior border is denticulated and sharper than tha anterior one on which no denticles are seen. The surface of the specimen is weathered. Ungth Jmperfect above). 28-5 mm.; ma.x. anteroposterior diameter, 14 mm.; max. tran.verw
.iig<«tni> C»niite. .Meinuin irf the Carnegir Muh-uui, vol. I, I'.ina, p
104.
IN l)E X
Iiitniductiu.i ;,
Amia whileavefianat Co|ie li
Amia macrtts/Hindyla^ Cope.. Vi
Amia exUU, Mp. nov \2
Ltpidoateua lotigim, gp. niiv ) 3
Jihineiuitfn rA/'-o*, Cope 14
Amiitruii canerllahu, Co|ie 15
Amiiirut maroniflli, Co|)e Ifi
A iioitfini tyrnnta f Ijt'idy 1 "
Slylemy nubriucetuu, Leidy 18
Tetliido exomatn, J^inbe 18
Trionyx hum/Mlamicin, Co|ic 19
/'••llomiiriit granttlntuii. Cope 19
Ugmophit compaetun, sp. nov 20
(,'romdiliM prtnatalU I Loomis ... 21
Didflfihyii rtdfUH^ Hp. nov 22
Anendim brofhyrhynchun, Oiborn and Wort- man . . 24
Anthracilh'rium t pytjmifum, wp. nov 25
Elolherium coarclalum, Co|ie 26
Agriochf nm ontu/nug, Lcidv 28
Mfrycfnut/tKlm ''itlbfrlmni^ Leiftv 29
/^Ofhrothfrium /ri/j«>«t, Leidy. 30
Leptotmryr mulealu*. Cope 30
Leptomeryj- tiuinimifer. Cope 30
Lf/Uomeryr uperiosiit, »p. nov 31
Lefilonif^ifj- MffnieiHctnA^ Coiw 32
ll;iprrtriu)uhi» Irntuvfriiiiii, Cope 32
Mftohipput nvahmi, (C<i|)c) 33
Mrmihippuii priicocidfna, Laiiil>e 34
Metohippiu propinquui, Lambe 35
P.UIK.
Meaohi/tpnii bnir/ii/glylHi; Osborn 36
MrmkippiiH uleno/iip/ina, (AniU- 36
ifemlii/ipiiM /ilanidirni, T^nibe.. . . . 37
MemhipitUK luninihoientu, Lainlx) 37
I/yiaeadoH tu^brwKenjiig, I.£idy 39
llyracodon /irUridnu, I.jinil)e.. 39
Acerat/ierium mite, Co{pe 43
Acerathnriiim occitlmUalif, (l«idy) 44
Acralhmum ejiguum, ap. nov 44
Lfjilacfral/ifrium trigouodun, Oslx>rn and
Wortman 44
Mf.gacernfit aiit/imtiffniii, {Co|ie) 45
il'gnenropa iieliripiianna, (Co|>e) 47
Jiri/aceropK tyrnTM, (Cope) 48
Mtgaexropa primitifiit, «p. nov 49
Mf-yaceropg (iMsinifMtiensis, nom. prov 51
Clialieolheriiim liVolmlum, Cope 54
Scinrim I mtkntcheiretma, »p. nov 55
IiKhynimyti lypun, Leidy 56
Vylindrndon fontit, Douglass 56
EutyjHhityii jkirvttn, sp. riov . 67
l'nlttotiujii» turyidiitt^ Cop«! 58
I'alnolmjua linydmi, Li'idy .58
llyiiHodoH criie.ntut, \je\As 59
f/i/tt-niKloH trntcinnHf Leitly 60
Ihmiptalodon 'jraiidin, (Copi;) 61
CynodidU Uppinrofliitnns, (Cop') 61
Dapfii'Hun fftinitu, Scott 62
Protemitm'tjnn hartxhominnni*^ (Cu|>e) 63
Diniclia I'tliiui, Leidy 154
12529—9
PT.AiK r.
TLATE I.*
% .51
i
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8. |
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9. |
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18. |
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17. |
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18. |
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19. |
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20. |
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21. |
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22. |
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24. |
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25. |
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26. |
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27. |
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28. |
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29. |
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Fig. |
30. |
.r4»ii'rt exitis, Lambo ; dorwl vertebral centrum, articular face. Type. Page 12.
The same specimen from above.
Lateral view of the same.
Amia exihi. I^mbe ; l)a«i-occipital, snpcrior aspect.
The same bone, viewed from below.
The same, poslerior view.
LepidosUM longut, Lambe ; vertebral centrum, superior view. Type. Page 13.
The same centrum, inferior view.
The same, lateral view.
Mineailt* rhuas, Cope ; pectoral spine collected by Mr. T. C. Weafon, inner view.
Page 14. Same specimen, outer view. Same specimen, view from above.
f Rhineastei rhiras. Cope ; fragment from distal eud of spine Rhineastet rhuas. Cope ; dorsal spine, anterior view. The same, posterior view. The same, lateral view. Anosteira ornain, Uidy; marginal plate from the right side of the carai-ace, seen
from above. Page 17. The same plate viewed from below. End view of the same. Teiitudo exormta, I.ambo ; distal half of loft fifth costal plate, upper surface Tvne
Page 18. '*
T,stado exornala, Laral>e : proximal end of left sixth costal plate, upper surface, Tesludo txornala, l^mbo; proximal end of left first costal plate, upper surface. I'ellosaurus granulosus, Coiie ; part of left dontary, interior view. Page 19. Pettosaurus yranuloius, Cope ; posterior half of right maxilla, interior view. / Pdtosourus granulosus, Cope : dermal scute, upper surface ; twice the natural siae, Ogmop'iis compaHus, Lambe; dorsal vertebra, superior aspect ; twice the natural
size. Type. Page 20. The same, anterior aspect ; similarly enlarged. The san)e, posterior aspect ; siniilariy enlarged. The same, irom below ; similariy enlarged. The same, right lateral view ; similariy enlarged.
• III thiK niul III.- f..ll(.wi.i« .,1, II |,lat..> III! till. liKur... «r.- ..f nutiinil n,.v lining ..tti,.|»i„. ,|„t..,l.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
PLATE I
«> W% 1^^^
>
ao.
I 5
to.
17
IS.
'19.
Zi
^3.
U rv! LAMBE. Delt
24.
^1
PL A IK TI
PLATK II.
Fig. I.
Fig. Flif. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
F5g-
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 18.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 18.
Fig. 19.
Fig. 20.
Fig. n.
Fig. 22.
Fi-.'. 28.
Fig. 24.
Fi>r. 25.
Fig. 26.
Atuodiu braehyrkynchat, 0«b. anil Wort. ; right upper third molar, Tiewotl from
below. Page 24. Antodu* braeliyrhynehu* .', 0<b. and Wort. ; left appcr third premolar, external Tiew. Tha aame tooth viewed from below.
Aneodtu braehyrkyHckm f 0th. and Wort ; right lower canine, viewed from within. The Mm* tooth, viewed trom without
Aneodiu braekyrhynehui f Otb. and Wort ; right lower third indaor, exterior view. The iame tooth, interior view.
Ancolut brackyrhymhui f 0«b. and Wort. ; lett lower first incisor; exterior view. The laroe, seen from within.
Elotkerium eoarelaltim. Cope ; right upper first molar, viewed from below. Pasje 26. Elotkerium eoarelalum. Cope; right upper third molar, as viewed Irom below. Elotkerium coarctatum .' Cope ; right upper third premolar, outt>r aspect. Same tooth, seen from below.
Elotkerium eoaretatam f Cope; right ni>per fourth premolar, inner asi)ect. The xame specimen, viewed from below Ayrioekarut antii/aut .' Leidy ; left ujiper thir<' mnlar, crown view from below.
Page 28. Agriocko:nu anti'iuiii f \MAy ; left upper third molar, viewed from below. Merycoidotlon fulberttoni, Leidy ; left lower first premolar (caniniform), outer
aspect. Page 29. The same as seen from within.
M irycoidoJoii eulberlsoni, Leitly : loft upper canine, inner aspect The same tooth, posterior aspect. Outline of transverse section of game at a. Outline of transverse eection at k
Meryroidcxion eulberlsoni, Leidy : right lower second molar, inner view. The same tooth, viewed from without The siime, viewed from above.
Abbreviations for cusps, etc., as in plate III.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
PLATE II
ZO
L W LAMBE. Delt
ai
PLATE III.
|
Fig. |
I. |
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Fig. |
2. |
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F.g. |
8. |
|
Fig. |
4. |
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Fig. |
5. |
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Fig |
«. |
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Fig. |
7. |
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Fig. |
8. |
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Fig. |
i>. |
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Fig. |
10. |
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Fig. |
11 |
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Fig. |
13. |
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Fig- |
13. |
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Fig. |
14. |
Elotheiium gp. ; incisor, lateral view. Collection of 1889. Page 28.
The same tooth, inner aipect.
E' ueriiim ap. ; inciaor, lateral view. Collection of 1904.
1 he same tooth, inner aopect.
Elolheriiim »p. ; lnu.«or, inner view. Collection of 1904.
Surae Biieciinen, viewed from without.
Clialiioihfiiiim hilohntam, Cope : left lower third premolar, viewed from ahove.
Page 54. The eame tooth, inner aspect. The same, outer aspect. Mttohippiit wetloni. Cope ; right upper second molar, viewed from lielow ; twice
the natural size. Page ■!:{. The same tooth, exterior aspect ; twice the naturul si/c. The same, inner aspect ; similarly enlarged. The same, anterior aspect ; similarly enlarged. 3fetiih)ppus priieocidcni, T^ambe ; left upper molar, as seen from below. Tyj>e.
Page U. Meaohippus propinq\tus, Lamhe ; left upper second molar, viewed from below.
Type. Poge 35. Mesohippus propinquus, Lanibe; right upper second premolar, viewed from below. Mesohippiis brachyilyltm, Osbom ; left upper fourth premolar, as seen from below.
Puge 86. Meaohippy.i stenohphus, Lambe: right upper third molar, viewed from below.
Type. Page 8'!. The same tooth, anterior aspect. The same tooth, outer aspect. Mesohippus piti.iiileiis, Larabe ; left upper first and second molars, seen from below.
Type. Page 37. Mesohippus ussiniboiensis, Lambe ; right upper second premolar, viewed from
below. Type. Page .'17. The same tooth, outer aspect. The same tooth, posterior aspect.
pa., paracone ; me., metacone ; pr., protocone ; hy., hypocone ; pi., protoconule ; ml., metaconule; ps., parastyle ; ms., meaostyle; mts., metastyle; d., deuterocone; U., tetar- tocone ; Ir., tritocone.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 16. Fig. 17.
Fig. 18.
Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21.
Fig. 22.
Fig. 23. Fig. 24.
J
GEOLOGICAL SURVCY OF CANADA.
PLATE III
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PLuV'lK IV
12529—10
PLATE IV.
Kijt. 1. //i/r«("o</o« />n>(i./<;w«, Lambc ; left m«xill» with premolar ttiid molar teeth. Tyjie.
I'ajre .O. Fig. -2. The Rame Hpecimeii, outer aspect.
Fig. 3. Uyracoilon prisciileni, TiUnbe ; anterior end of mandible, outer view from the left. Kig. 4. The same specimen, seen from above.
Fig. 6. /I' *T''</i«num »ii<c, Cope; left upper third molar, seen from below. Page 43. Fig. 6. .' IjtpUicerathenum trigonodon, Otb. ami Wort. ; right upper third molar, as seen
from below. Page 44. Fig. 7. Arer.itherium oeciilentale (Leidy) ; left lower third molar, view from above. Pago 44.
pr., protocone ; d., deuterocone ; tr, tritocone ; le., tetartocone; c, canine ; Pj, second premolar.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
PLATE IV
pr. tr.
L M LAMBF. De-t
PLATE V.
Fig. Fig. Fig.
Fig. Fig. Fig.
AceratherUm .p.; left upper fir.t r^remolar. outer wpect. Cyprei. hill., 1904
The tame tooth, viewed from below.
AcerMum exiguum, I^n.be ; anterior end of mandible, left outer aspect. Type.
The name ipecimen viewed from above.
The aame specimen viewed from the fr-iit
Mey.tc,rop» ,m,.«;*o,>|m,>, Umbe; left mandibular ramo^ outer a.,«ct; one-half
the natural iize. Type. I'age61. <?., canine; i., incisor; P.., second premolar.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA
Plate v
M LAMS?
PI.A TK VI.
PLATE VI.
Fig. 1. Eutypomys pmvut, TArabe ; left lower third molar, aa seen from above : four times the natural size. Type. I 'age 57. The same tooth, outer aspect ; four times the natural size.
Mtijiicerops ■issiniboiensis .' Ijimbe ; coc issitied nasals, viewed from above : one-half the natural sizr Page 62. Kig. 4. Mogneeiopt primitirus, Lambe; mandible viewed from the left; one-third the natural size. Page 4!). The anterior end of the same specimen aa seen from above ; one-half the natural si/e. Anthriicotherium .' py-immttn, I^mbe; right upper molar, crown view ; twice the natural size. Type. I'age 25.
pi; protoconule ; pr., protocone.
Kig. Fig.
Fig. Fig.
3.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OT CANADA
PLATE VI
L M LAMBE , Celt
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l-LATK VII.
|
Fig. |
1. |
|
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2, |
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3. |
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4. |
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Fig. |
6. |
|
Fig. |
6. |
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Fig. |
7. |
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Fig. |
8. |
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Fig. |
9. |
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Fig. |
10. |
|
Fi"'. |
11. |
|
Fig. |
12. |
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l.X |
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Fig. |
14. |
|
Fig. |
16. |
|
Fig. |
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17. |
Fig. 18.
Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23. Fig. 24.
Jfyi iiufliiii rriiiiiltii, Lui<Iy; left inaiiibulur rumua viewod from witliuut. I 'age &'X
'I'he saiiiu H|iecinieii viewed from above-
llyiiiioitim rrufntitx, l.eidy; left lower seeond protnoluri outer side view.
Ihjiinoilun iruci'ins .' Leidy : upiter left fourth |iremolur, exterior aspect. I'uge tiO.
The tame tooth, interior aspect.
The enme tooth, [losterior aspect.
.' Hemipsalodon gntndii. Cope: left lower canine, inner fide view; one- half the
natural si^e. Page I'll. Oatlint of transverse section of same at s. VijnndiHis lippincotlianui (Cope) ; left lower third premolar, viewed from without.
Page . The same as seen from within.
Ci/notlictis lippineoltianus (Cope) ; left lower fourth ])remolar, exterior view. I'ynoilictis lippineoltianus (Cope); right lower first molar, external view. The sa).ie, internal view. The same, posterior view. D'iplfinutfelinus, Scott; hinder portion of the right maxilla holding the fourth
premolar, viewed from below. Page 02. Same specimen, external view. Protemwxynn hurtshorni'inus (Cope) ; left ujipor fourth premolar, internal aspect.
Page G-). Protemnncyon hurlshoniianus (Cope) ; left upper fourth premolar, viewed from
within. T'\e same tooth, viewed from without.
.le »8me tooth, from below. Dinidisfelinn, lAidy : right lower first molar, outer view. Page 64. The same, inner view. The same, view from above. Dinictis Jelin,i, Leidy ; left upper canine, external view.
'■., canine ; (/., deuterocone ; m., molar ; p., premolar ; pr., protocone ; prs,, protostyle : tr., tritocone.
GEOLOGICAL SURVtV Or C/iNAOA
PLATE VI
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II, ATI; VIII
V'iit. 1. Di'Mjihys r,iliis, Latiilx*: riglit ii|.por nn.liir. c ri>\vii vlow : t'.nir tinu'* the imtural
itizf. Ty|H<. I'a^e 23. ¥\g. 8. The sumo tfn)tli, (MMtciior ti!«|K'ot ; :«iriiil8ily eiilunri'J. Fiit. 8. The Piime tooth, nut. rior view ; Kimiliiily I'lilurireil. V"\g. 4. Till- «unio t(H)th. fxli'iior vlow ; Biiiiilarly ciilarirfil.
Kijr fi. .' Di'l' lpl"l.i i.ilnt.i, l.iiiiili.' : lower molar, vi.we.l troiii uliovc : .•nliiri^eil four tiiiicn. Kiir. t!. Sumo tooth. iniiiT iis]icct : i-atiic ctilaiiriiiKiit. Ki({. 7. Sanii! tooth, ]MHterior view : *tnw ciilarir-'nu'iit. V\g. X /•(Hh,nll„ri>iiii »•/■/.<..«;. [A'iily ; part ol'a lolt iiiaii.lil>iilar ramus w'nli lust temporary
molar ill |ilaie; outer aspri't. I'ajie '.il. K'i:-. '.'. • row II view oltlic molar kIiowii in lii;iirc "* : fiilarjfeil three timo». Kijf. lit. .^'/|^.m• ','/.' ■-!'■ ■ '■■■■""■: I.aiiil'f ;irowii vi of ri^'lit upper iiioiar ; three tiliien natural
cize. Type. Pau'e ''l- V"\)i. 11. The name tooth ititiiilarly eiiluru'eil, outrr aspect. Kljf. U'. /.■pI'.W'i'i.r s/K.i'o.'.'i.-, Laiiihu: ri^ht lower molar, erown view; three times tin-
natural j*!/.". Ki).'. 1.1 Tiie same tooth, <iuler aspert : three limes iialiiral si/.e Kljj. II. f..i'ln„iirifj .s/ir - .,s//.s, l,a."ilie; left posterior lowi r iiiohir. erown view; enlarsreil
three tiiiiis. Kijf. 15. The -aiiie molar, inner a'-peit ; -imilarly eiilar;reil Kill. 16. S'iiitii.t .' .^./././^7>f "■.».«-. I.amhe: hit upper molar, erown view ; lour times the
natural size. 'I'ype. I'u<;e 6.'>. V'lg. 17. The rttiue tooth, posterior a-p 'el ; similarly cnlarL'eil. Fig. 18. ls'-hi)riimii.t /,»/'".'', Ijeiily : iM;.'hr seioml li>wui molar, erown view ; tour limes the
iiuHiral eixe. I'ajie M. Kisr. li'. CyVihli-i,.l.,n hiiii'x. Doiiiilass; |.oriion of left mamliliular ramus in which in
preserved the lirsl molar ; eiil:iri;iil llcree times. I'a'ie Stf Kiir. -Ji*. 'I'lie same speeimeii, us s,.en from ahove ; lour times the milural size. Kiir. 21. P.il.: olfi, 1,1.1 l.iifiJ, ,'i, I.eicly : risrht upper lirsf iuol;ir, .rown view ; sliirhtly over liiiir
limes the natural size. l'a'.:i' •">>'. Kis;. 2-. #'.'/. I <'"'/M.v A./'/''./", I.eidy; leli upper foiirlh piemolar, posterior view : slightly
over four times tin' iiatiiij' -Ize Fii;. :;:«. The cuuie too'li. er. .wn view ; -imilarly eiilaiv'eil. Ki". iM. /'.</.','./.;./.- /../.,■./-■»/. Leidy ; rii.'lit lower molar, outer a-peet ; four times the natural
\
Kis:. -•">. The same lo..rli. view.il tnun al")Ve ; similarly enlarued.
^.> e.iRVEV Of CANADA
4-. '-''^
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PLATt VIII
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