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ES AND pjUCCO; V''^ m 1 » .^ / ' ■ ■• ■^^ ■ '*[ ■ i- * . , '. - >■ * ^ ■;s ' ilfe' : ly >^ y\ fe % ^ a *i^-p.-'i. "^"S r t . ^^ ¥ .^Jfl^^LW ■ Im^ :.; > • »- M«*e. ^ 1 ! . i ■ I *!■' f^fW '^FWwyxffKgf—^' ■V I Jk. \ • • K '- • " - ' ! ' . '■ - * ' > 4 » .\- ^ t- *t £.1: :^ I ■ > k ^ ..,.§,;,,.. r-- ,~j - ^ , ■ ■ i • " 1 ' ■ ■ M ♦ « «.. .. J ^S*^*|i» ir-ijr'.^. , . PIPES AND TOBACCO; AN KTIIN()(iHAl>IIIO HKKTCII, ki DANIBL WILSON, tL.D. rBtimmt »» MMTOSf A»i» ••MjfiH i.tt«Mr«Mi, ? vivrnwir* rwi.i,to«a. iiHM*it>, " lbntlunr|af HMfliiu, htat bnrti. r ^ * -iOj «V y T O II O N T O I LOVBLL AND GIBSON. • • ..^ * **■.* ■ . , . 1: / '** ^ 'J 14 *to-#- ' ^ >^iMlU ■ ^B^^E^!^ 1 ^- ■^ ^ i^ ^^■" ' .-i".' >*^!^t!l^^g^^^^^^^| ■ >2 !:■ >fe N\ 4*"*''^ i — »y ' ^ - - ' ^ i"'---— ^ ' ' ''~ -.^ISIIPBH . ■- J9BH m^ .' ~''f..''r ^ . t • _^ t ■■f5airi|(.'-;i«'r^»^ TO © JOHN FEN WICK, Esq., F.S.A. »Hi Of tn cooicii. or tub wotsiwtr or amtiquabim ot niwCAirti. trroii>Tnil, AMD ooBUiroxpivo iiaitia* or Tni ■ooinv t . or AiyiQCABim or ICaTtAKDl THIS BAGATKLLE In inMrtbod In meinorUl ofplcaMuk Itoun aiMi^ wllh hira unon* THR ANOIMT AID ko;>f>9i IU>1fAI(l of I . rONB JKUt. TOMRTO, JrUnHMMT. 1H7, .1, 'i. , ■ : . ■- i . . , ■ ■ / i . i . i . '- .^. A ,> ^^^ - -*-- , ..ii.,^--. r , _r„^„. -v^"*- "J"" .ji S ' 1 - ..Jl \ ■r- ' Hb^^Kis^. .J 'i "- Vgfti^ ^*!yf »»*»?!,"<« '*'''-'*i5iif!!p|pi^»*;! Qlk.t.tfi£.tfytJi ww^ ^^■' ^V""^ ""^ "W Y " *^ T^ r^iJt '"''% '' f r. ? f I . ., y .-.f». • - ,•' • .',„'•< t' ■• u.i)' ",iu.'i 'I • I ,**•*. ifci'" f* e Im *i 'I ,■.!»■•« It' .«.;. ^ . < ' ■'«•). f ,. •'.■iif"! 7 U. f ' • ■ •,»'tK, li'lj't, ,.' ("lit •■^•s'' "I'lKj ■':<., f ' ♦ .'> ■'■- ' .'•■' HPES AND TOBACCO; t 0», VOTU OV, TBI NARCOTIC USAGES AND SUPERSTITIONS , Of TIt» OLD AND NEW WOELD. In •ttetoptiDg to det«nnia« the •lements on wbioh to bMe • fjr*- teni of otaMifleation of the divert typet or varietiet of man, thero nra frequently one or two profnineat cbaraeteriatioa which, alike aBMNHf aiieient and modem races, appear to iupply at leaat eon- T^H^ttt lestt of olaaaifieatidn, while lumeare deserving of speoial oon- /sideration as indicators of more comprsheiisiTe and far«reachinf prineiplea. The aneieat «piihet " barbarian," had iu origin in the* reeognition of this idea ; and we still l^ppljr that of " woiid>died" to* thf old Briton as the Attest which our knowledge of him supplieai' With the Jew and hia Semitic congeners, the. rite of chroumoision is at peeuHarlj dUtinctive element of isolation, though carried by lalamism, with the Arabic tungue, far bejond their ethnic pale, iflmbminism, Bnddhian, Barseeism, Bahaism, Fettsiun, and ei>(m Thuggiam, each anffioatqaappljr some elemenla of olassifioation. Tk$ y Wttibnl New Zealander, the lais* footed Patagonian, the big lipped ' . B«beMi, the Ant-headed Obtnook, the wooUj>h|ured Negro, the oluck- fpjg llottentoft, «ii4 $he b fBatuM, or pwmlipr qrabol, mere or ley Atlj astigned to him s |||(^lj|;ks^ hn^ ;9qf« diaiiinct)^ «haraoteriitio thfkQ an; of tifi^ •I ;m / ■ -1 *.,... r- ■ ~^^^ F^:^^'^"^ 'TiT-'T'^jrr -■fa*-% -•—-.., ^ - --^rifM ^t' *^ - i '^P*'*^' "'iHiy *)«/■« ^^i M m-r-' (..Sw-v-t: ai^iffW^y^ iL . Jm ■ '•■^¥'^^?^r:7.-'^-if^:^^ . "■m^ •«"■■ I I tl)4 tndp vsr-trophy, md tti« p«M«-p<|M of tha Ain#r{«M Indltn, — th« otiiiniflt«ria(i (!oiiai(i«r Ui« puHly /A|t4«>H<}ft'> ori|!| g/ lie iiMffM «om»ri(«n eontinent, there it none which ao itrikingly diatingiii«hf>a itM the tobacco plAnt, and th« parpoM* lo which Hi I«|J it »ppU«d i f«»« «#«■ Wfra it pr«vf d that th« uae of it na a nareotio, anijitlhe praotiao of smoking ita burning leaf, had originated independent!/ in the old world, the aaored inatttutinn of the peaet'-pipe meat atill remain aa the pt^cuiiar characteriatio of the lied Imiinii of America. Profcaeor John- ston, in his " Chemiatry of Common Life," remarks with reftfrvnce to this and others of the narcotiea pMulUrto the new world:—" The Aboriginea of Central America rolled up the tobacco leaf, and dreamed away their livea in amoky revtriea, ages before Columbus was bom, or the colonists of Bir Walter Raleigh brought it within the precincts of the Elizabethean Court. The cocoa leaf, now the comfort and atrenfj^h of the Peruvian miiletero, waa ch^'wed aa he doea it, in far remote times, and among the same mountains, by the Indian nftthres wbbae blood he inherits." The former of these nareotiea* howerer, it is scarcely neeessary to say, was iMA confined, within any period known to us, to central Amerieia, tho«igh its name of tubaeeo, -^derived by some from the Haitian tambaku, and by other* from Tahaco, a pronhco of Yucatan, where the Bpauiards are affirmed to have first met with {t,^appears to hate been the native teny for the pipe, and not for the pHmt, which was called ktlUbm' ' ' < • H».>>n , So far as we 'can now infbr from the evidence ftirnf^hed trr fiative aria and relics connected with the nse of the tobacco plant, ft seems to have been as (kmiliar to most of the aAcient tribes of th» horth west, and the Aborigines of onr Canadian fbretts, a* to thMi^ ^f the American tropics, of which the IftdotioM TtAtnum in b«lli4v^ ib be a native. No such remarkable dtp^itoriea indeed batebeeh fbund to the north of the great cliabi dt lakea, aa those diadosM ttt itie ^ipIbMrs ofthe tumiiH of ** Hound City,** in th^ 8doV6 rphyrItio atone, irfth «lMb botria di^rafely annrad in miasskaM flg«rn of anittab^ ■' k ■ " ' fe^-^'- » -'• 4 iTi'^gfa'anfrwi ■ 1 i ^ ^:Wi^JJ:5l'^i'<;^ (^r m^- ~,3~'^ , V \ » 4n r^ ntpUlmi^ A*., MMt^ad with ((tm* ckill and AileUlf U aaliir*.* Bui Ikounk noi found in suflk iiuinb«raemlptoni of toiom auutkarn latittidaa, aa ia aaaunied in th« caaa of tha " Mound kluild* ara," by writera to whom any ramola and undnAaiHl aiiureo aver aaaoia more prwbabla than tha one undt'r conaidoratiou. Among varioui etanplaa of aucb Cantdifto ralica in uy own poaaaMiuu ar« two atone pipo-haada found on tha ahoraa of Lako Uimouo. Ona of tka««, fornad ol a dark staatita, though imparfoot, axhibita to ita flarTiog— a liaard climbing up the bolvl of the pipe, with tha uudaraida of ita lowar-jaw ingeniously out into a human cuuntan- anea p4MriBg over tha pipe bowl at the face of the amokar — the aam* ottiioua initatire art of the native Mulptor, aa tboao engravfd by Masara. Squire and Pavia, from the ancient mouuda of tha Miaaiaaippt valley. Tha other i« deeojrated with a human head^^ mark- ed by broad oheek-bonea, ana large oilra, and wearing a flat and alightly projeoting head-dre*'- The material in which the latter ia carved ia worthy of ootioe, as suggestive uf ita pertaining to tF>« locality where it was found. It is a highly silioioua Umfistone, such aa abounds on the shores of the neighbouring Lake Coucbiching, aitd which from its great hardueas was little likely to ba ehoseu by tha pipe sculptor aa the material on whioh to exercise his artiatio skill, unless in each a locality as this, where his ohoica lay between tha hard, bttl cbMa grained limestona, and the still mora intractable oryatallioe rooks of the same region. Canadian examples uf pipe. aflttlpture, in a greiit variety of forma, executed in the favorite and eaaily wroiigbt red pipenitone of tha CoUau det I\-aiH*s, also occur ; Iwt theaa ara geosndljr supposed to belong to a more recent period, and diA»r aasentiallj ia their style of art from the pipes of the mound buildera, workad Itt granite, porphyry, and limestone, a« well as iu the 4iaatitea, and otbar varietiaa of the more eaaily wrought atonei Hhieb admit, like the nd pipe atone, of the elaborate carving and high degree of floiah moat frequently aimed at by them. In additioa to thoae, another class of pipes, of ruder workmanship in clay, and ornamented for the moat part, only with incised oherron and dther «oaTenti«nal patterns, exhibiting no traces of imitative art, are -of flpeqwat oecoReinee within the Canadian frontiers ; and to these I imfm^ ider mot« mjnutelj before dosing this paper, as objects ■II '" ." ' " ■ — I — • '" . — — . ^:^ =»i' /m: .-»£":-««- --i \/ I I poMtMing WMM taIim Ib mtfllion tn Ik* hUtorf of iIm yinffttW lUtiva ouatam for whi«l) auoh iniplomcnU w«r« oonHnt«W^. aimI (u il« •arty praelie* In Kurop«. M«w»whil« it may b« im)I«'r«uiUi, that th« Jeauit niiaaionariiM of tb* 17th iwnturjr. tbuiid tobaroo in abuiwianl ut« among tha Indiana of Canada. So aarlj aa 1620 k« deacribas th« liuruna aa /Mnoking immod«rat«ly th« driad laavaa and atalka of ,th« nicotian plant commonly called iohaeco or p0h$mt ; and au«ii was thair addiction to the pr««tio« that ona of khair Iribti ip Upptr Canada, rraaived th« daaigtiation of the /Wmmimm, or MBokan, from the latter name for the favourite weed.* Thia term appeara to lie of Floridiau origin, and waa prrhapa introduced by tb# miaaiooariM tbemael?ea from the aouthem vocabulary. But |h« tba Cbippewajr Dam* for tobaeeo ia lummak, aeemingly, aa Dr. 0'M««r»—now, and for many yeara reaidant miaaionary among the Indiana of the Manitouanin lalanda, — aaaurea me, a native radical having no other aigniflcanoe or appUoation. So alao the Ohippewaya have the word iirttm tu aipreao ■moka, aa tbo amoko of^ a fire ; but for tobaeeo fumea they employ a diatinot term : ^Imeitataif, literally i *t it amokoa," tho puekwanm of Longfellow 'a " Hiawatha." I'wmkfwm i% a ** tobacco pfpe;" and with the peeuliar power of compound words and infleo* tion, ao remarkable in the languagra of tribea so nido aa thoao of tb« Amerioan foreata, we have from thia root : nipwakfmtukm i '* I mako pil)ea," kipwakpuukm : " thou makeat pipea," ftomkfumm : ** k« makea pipea, lie.,'* ao alao, nituggatw : " 1 amoke^a pipe," ki$mf» giuuM : "thou amokest," tuggamm: **he amokea." While tkera* fore, Europe haa borrowed the name of the ladian weed finom thad portion of the new world Qnt viaited by Ua Genoeae diaooverar, tli« language of the great Algonquin nation exhibita ao ancient and entirety independent northern vocabulary aaaociated with th« uae of tobaeeo, betrayiag none of the tracea of compounded deaoripttr* terma ao diacemihle in all thoae applied to objeeta of Earope«i| *"A4 Inwrtiw amiaai aaaawat rumum ei sicmtla (Ulta lUryla M^artof* mohIo ia I' t>UI>m Utrtwi (tb <<■■ %vi IntwHt nomlw nieotiam placwH apyrtlarn mmn tmhaemm mm 'i\\ . fttmnwm valao vvoaati al^a* iaa* nomm apvd Qalln ftiVMill, «Mi tntar QiBataHM popHloa VaMa FMai^tMfaaa dtritw) m>, qnud Mnbri iiiilniMail vtat m\nm tatiit. ali 9m tuHgaUoMS ■ofvpMi «aa«MvmHitpHinuin, nam wl ab •<• «ai a CaaaiMrfbwr aderipnlai HI miii» w» yaw »ifcl«ai pmmOSanfmtlm taba luaglawlt, ^ itV. \t^ . •^»»^ wma «c» am mm wo«.«. | « •rifls. TIm iwartw of •moliinf nnraotitw, ia inl»nr«T«n wUh «)l iMr hiibitt, M thai lh«y •*•« Mrko« lini* by p4|HM, HdnK auAh won-«l mmUmtma m H/nfo/iiMAf na, " I Wm on« pl[M» fof lim« ) •b«iut it". tn %U« Old W (trill mHi»t of tiM oriental d«jr*iirniint<»r, atul lh« hookah with th« pU«Mtit funeJAa of th« AngUvrndiaii rvpoaing in thn hhad^ of hia hiingHlooar : n«T«rlh«lca«, th« tnbaoro pi))^ conatitut«« lh« ptwuliar and ntuat chnract«triiti« aymhol ot Am«rirA, inlimateiy inl#nrov«n with th« rit«a and auporatitiona. and with thtt ntlica of «nd«nt cuatoma aitd hintoHoal tniditiona of the Aboriginm nflhia New World. If Europ« borrowed from it the flrat , knowlMlK«of ita prtMd narcotie, the gift wm raoelved uiiaoooitipanied bj tny of ill* Morod or peculiar virtum which th« Hed Indian atlll attachea to tt m th« aymbo! of huapltality and amicable intercour»e j and Longfullow. acoonlingly, «itli no Icaa pootio vigor, than fltneaa, qivna kit " Bong of Hiawa*h»" with th« inatitution of " the peac«. plpa," by the Or^nt HpiHt, the mnatcr of life. With all the un- pwtlcal aaaticintiona which are iiiacpamble from the modem iiaea of the nicotian weed, it required the iiiapiration of true |Ki«try to re« de«m it fVom ita boae ideal. But thia, the American poet haa aooompliahed fully, and with the boldeat flgurea. The Maater of Life deacHiida on the mountaina of the Pmil|pt. (b« p«aM-pipt, At a tigiiiil to the aatiout. And tlio ■imike roco vlowly, tlowly, Through th« traoquil air of mamio^, Wr^ta •infU line of «|«ikiiMi, ,Tlito a dMiMr. bluer vNpor, Than a •i«nw-whit« aloud iinfoUinji;, Lik« iha tr«« tup* of tita fore«t, llNr«r rikiiig, rUiug, riaiiig, Till it touched tha top of h*aT«a, . ' ' nil it broke atraimt th« beaviii And rollad onwaid all around it. And th« tribea of the ancient Abortginea gathering from riter, lake, and prairie, feaaemble at the divine aummona, Katen to the warn- irtgaand promiaea witk which fhe Great Spirit aeeka to guide them j ^«^ "^Brfi VKil -.t I •ad Itih 4oa«, Mid IIm wairior* Iwivinii huriad ihmu wr aiulM, tiMjr ■moll* thiMr Unit p«aw p>p«. mimI (k>p«r« i WMU Ih. Mmmur of IJf*. Mrmdinff. Tkrm^ llta <>p«mI ««rMlit^ Vm«4mhI Arotu bafvM ili«lr ftiiiii, !■ Um mnuM ilMt rullvU minjii«1 bint, II b DO nrtn tnuiii|)b of tho pout thua tu rrd««in fmw aMook^ tioiw, uot uiilj pruMio, but •v«n uRWu«i««, a cuaium which m p«viiii«rily pcrUiiM tu th« umik«« aud th« rit«t uf Uii* cuuliiu»nl fr«iMi kb« rvtuuUat (iin«« of wbUsh it« hi«l«>ric niviiiuruUa fUrniah anj tract) and which ««■ nu iMM>iMir practioally iiitruduevd to tl^ ktiowUKlg* of tb« (lid world, than that royal (Nrdant, king Jam**, diraotcd agaioat it hia wurld-famoua " CouuterbUat tu 'I'ubaocot" daMuribtug ita ium M " • ouatuui loath«auin« to th« a^e, hateful to tha Doaa, harmftil to th« brain, dang erotia to tha luuga, and in th« black atinking fume thrn^uf, iicnrrat r«Htimbling tb« borriblo atygian auiuko of th« pit that ia bottouiluaa !" The hiatorjr ol tha ouatom/tbua dignified bjr the aaaaulta of rpjaltjr, and agatnat certain uaea of which the aupreme pontiff, Urban. Vlll., fulminated the thundery of the churok, haa attracted conaidei^bhi attention in modem time* on varioua grounda. In their relatione lo phyaiology the uae and rffeeta of narrotica daim an important oonaideration ; and the almoat unireraal diffUaioii of tobacco in modem timea, accompanied with ita peculiar mod* of enjojrment, ao generally adopted by the mo»t diverae tribca and nntiona in every quarter of the globe, give ita hiatory a preeminence in any auch inquiry. The queationa aa to whether the practice of amoking narcottoa, or aven the uae and peculiar propertiea of tobacco, were known to the old world prior to the diacoTery of America, hate accordingly repeatedly excited diacuaaaion i though it baa not been alwaya remembered that the inquiry aa to tha indigenoua character of eartwin Torietiea of the tobacco plant in the old world, and even •a to the uae of auch a narcotic, involfe queationa quite diatind from that of the origin of the very peculiar mode of partaking of the •xb^erating or intoxicating effecta of Tdjrioua oarootiea by inhaliof >tlieir biiming fumea through a pipe. ■ \ • -^ ^ . - / Tha graen toUooo, nieotiana nuHem, cultivated in Thibet, weatera China, nortbem India, and Syria, ia a difTerent apeciea from the American plant} and «bi]e it ii affirmed by aoma to have been \ ^t£tt *" ■*"( T "^^f^ -sr^mf^, "^ ' "ff^ T» "", • *«ft»' # for il« imi^MTtelMMi ui«o HrlMils. ki^ib •uUMttlUM in IkHaay Mr* atiJl AmmmA tu niMiilMa IIm imdkg*tutu» shArMlwr of lh« «•««><«<•■• rutitm^ im mmm |MrU W iW aU «<»rUi, m m nuHiMivn la«li». «h«N il U •laud ki gnMT wild. l>«iW«M«, (1 lUa.) v/mk» of UibftMO m o«m tf Um iMiiunil pnKi«4-tion« of Fotsmmm wh«u«« it wm Urgaly iiti|Mirt«Kl kjr Uk« CkiuuM I and Haviiry, <)i««rl«>«) Uiab Uia nimttuutm I'traum, ahitih furotahM Ika AiiiMnM aliiffMi tobaoaOf ia nut unljr iudi$mniiu» Ui Farak, (aa •l^iniim favuurad hy hifh auihorttiaa iii boiauy,) but tbal il waa naad for •moking IVom *nj eariy limaa. Thai all tha vari«ti«a of iha Ht^oitmrnm am not ettiiAoad %o llw n«tw aurld i« uiMiueHtMoabla. i)f •oma Mfty-aiubt adinittad apwda^, Hm graal nnyurtlj U» tpd«td AiiMTi««n, but a faw btdonn to tba oawar world of A-uafenlia. baaida* thoaa b«liat-«d to b« indiK«iiiiu« to Aaia. It ia not aurpriaiuK tbara- for*, that altar all ih« attaiitiun «liivh thia auL{i««t liaa Utlarl/i on Tari«Hia actmuala, attraolad, vritera abeuid b« f^od to nMiutata Um opinion that th« luM «f IoInmoo mi • umvoImi w«a known and practiard bjr tha Aaiatitia. prior to the dla<^.ov«ry of Ani«ii«-a. Tb« orivot(il ua* uf tobaooo ma/ iudtwd b« varricd ba«;k to an vra ul4 ••ougb to aatiafjr tba ktanaal aticklor for tba autM|uit/ of tba practlM^ if k« ia Dol loo nioa aa lo hU authoriiiaa. Dr. .¥alaa in bu Trmdi^ dm Sgifpt, dcHMiribaa a painting wbiob b« aow on oua of tha toiuba ai Th*tb«*a, contuiniii|( tba raprcaonlatioa of a amokiug partjr. iiut tbi| ta nwidtira compared »itb a record aaid to ajiiat in iba worka of UM) carljr fatbam, and, at anjr rate, prvavrvad aa ftu old tradituiu of Ib^ Orerk Cburob, wbiob aacriboa Iha iuebriation of tha patriaiub Noab to tha temptation of Iba Devil by meaua of tobaooo ; ao tbat King JM^«a waa uot, after all, without authority fur tb* black atygiao pnrentaga be aaeigna to ita fumeal Vrofea^ir Joiiiiatou— wha marahalla varioua autboritiea on the Aaiatia iiae of tobaocu fur atnok- ing, prior to tlia diaeovery of Amarioa, without venturing on auy very deflntte opinion of -biaowut-'-quotee Pallaa aa nrguiog lu favour of Iha antiquity of Iha praeliea Irom iia akieaaire prevalenoo iu Aaia, Mid aapacially ia Cbinn. . " Ainongal the Cbiuaae," mI||b thia writer, " and among the If ongoltribea w ho bad tba moat intercourae with ibam, the cuatom of amokiug m ao geuenJ, ao frequent, and baa beoome ao indiapenaable a luxuijr i Um tobaooo-pune alKjuid to tlioir balfeao neoeaaary an aHMIi^ii^iNaa; tba form of th^ pip«it. from «bia^ li^e Dul||p^n to hairo Uktm the modal of tkeira, ao original { *A0;«. f at IL » ta^-. ^i^&f.s tk99 MVCMIffllHIl ^*" MOTiy, twi ^vpSMmBII Or HM fwlmlm MMMt, WIhm (mi »«bbMl Id ^4m-«^ aN.! iKm |iuI »««« tU p4||«.. M pwrni'M. »li«t Hl^ •ete% M liNlia, »Imv» iIm |>f««iUw it MM ■• gtrnmA, Iwliiii— b«««MMt lNw«i« M«l Chinm " Hul IIm AfiiiiUma itf Dr M*r«n, llfw Bwly I'mhmvr nT \Ut9mnj m IH« UnivrrMlj of Harttu, mw wofiliy of tlfil ffwNar ««i|lM, Ml hHk mtktfwm, aMk* m An«i«>1«c4«I mnd ll by wr ftrmtal »ii» ' vnTt •mjiMtiiUncw wiUi (*hin« inil IikIm Th* eunsumption of tobatfMi m Mt« ChuivM tmpini l« ot iniin^iuM ritant, «na th« pv««- Ml* MMM lo IM af fVMl •lll^Nit7, % tin «««7 old MulpturM I lmv« obMrrtd lU tmf mm IoImmnm plpt* wlilth ar* MtU iM«w know iK* pUnI wKi< h rnrnialir* Ik* CkiiMM) UitMo«o, il it «T»ti Mid to grow «tld In lh« Km! In iiiff«in>nt rrom tlui AinvrMaa ■p««i«i. Tk« gwnua Ning« to |ki w«nn.«r wmaa. yvi n Aiw afMMina of il k«* • • r«ry •ilvnaiv* ATM, m4 • gn»«t pownr of rMMling Iho itiHuono* of rliinst*. for th«f enn h« grown nndor tho winnlor. Mid in Iho i«inp«r«t«i sou*, avmi far ottov* 54" nurik l«litad», wh*r» Iho miMn aummor hiti ia m[\i»\ lo MMt^ C«l». Tko aonlkorn pt>l«r limit for tho oullara of I liini b nol osMlIf known, but il ao«>aia lo •itoiid to tk« 40th dcgnnt of Utitudo, (W in aoulb Ainorton loboooo lamiltivatnd at Coiicoptwo, and lu New Z«t> land onowgh ia grown for Iho eooaumption lkof«."* ' To ludia, Ihoo, Ht. U*yn inolioM. wUh oCkors, to rofor Iha imKva habitat of an AaUtic to of Ikia loinrj lo Kuropo by tko diaeovorora of Amortra in tko flfWntk eratury. Wkilo tho Turk atUl akowa tho opium in whiok ho ao freoljr indulgoa, tho Chii»«ao, and alao lh«* Malaya amoko jt, noal froqiMntly uaing aa a pipo a bamboo, wbioh mmrm alao for a walking aliok, and roquiraa awry al^iht opatation to oonvert il into on opium pipo. Tho ('hinoae opium aaM>k*r aocviaa Iho utmoateflkt^ pf that powerful nareotie by awalktwing tho amoke ; and notwith* ataodiof thta modo of uaing tho naroutic dorirod from tha poppv ig * Matraa*! OatllRM ar Mm Oaicnolv ar 1 ryf-. •>l«tl Mili III f»wmh»<»#»i lK«l Ik** •livnfa |i«>tfii« |)r»0««fw «liM«i««rlMS IllVfV «ottUl b« n« ju«l muM* oC MffirtM alMMtM II b« |K««*<1 t^ to t^nt •'•o «« •«•»<•« aMrillM mmH nifiril M piiH«ln« lu tK« UiitWiliv« in lt<« u«r« lo «hkh l<>lMtf«w i« •!»• ^t94> Huoil »«M(««ir«. hf»<»««rr. immI m»t b« I«m» lt«attljr •n«pi»'i\ 9m • proftHindljr mH««iIiII« b«i««nl«l. lh«iMgH m nlU^tlMrr IrualwiiHlgr •rlMviijr im nkikm to IIm Im^im of llM |M«wl. NMijr Iw *«m^ lUib qiMilll«f<>f h«ry iif Mnlwimri im •twt qanto*! bf H«l«, «hi<lMr«ii in hit tint*, furvtoll* tlml i *' in iIm Uttwr dftya lh«r« •HaII b« nirn btHtring th« num** nf m(Nil«mi. but nut ivitlly lurh, ancl lh«]r tlMiH tmoiit « ««rtoiii wtril whieh ■hall b« calUd t».b««*«»t"« irth« (irtt|th«Hfy did i ot bmir uii tlui fiw>n of it ■luh unini«t«limibki •tidrnor «»• lK»uig tin* invtmlion of •iim* mo«l#tn (M««itifl 'i>f Ut«r linuHi, II wnald Airniak no bud pmofof MahomM'a right to iIm till* of " lh« - Mm itrnpHH," tof Hal* ^uotM in th« mom pr^iiwlniirf {Hmimitm to hU wdition of th« Korau. Ih« l*«rtl«n |irtivi>rb " tntirtNi without tobacco ia mr^t without aalt " An ap|NMil to thegra|ihio pa'iurvagf eaatom aocial kabito in ihw " Arabian Nighia' Kttlrrtoinmanta." fVir» niahaa atrong avidmiav againcl tba aneianl knowtvdga of a outtom now BO univrnal i and in ao far aa aiu|)rar« arain tquaily coneluaiva, though, aa will ba arao, th« praotioa had nut only baan inlnnlnerd into Kugland, but waa baooaaiug fainiliarily known befbra bia danth. Thit " drinking tohatym,** aa amokin^ waa at (Irat t«rm#«t. fWtm ttia moda of partaking of ita fUmra th«n practicrd, fliida apt illuatrntion ia Iha langtufa of our grmt dramattal. TW poat, in ** Ttmon,** apaaka of th« ayeophantiah (uHowara of tha noble Albanian " through bim drinking frv« air t" in tha * Tamp««l" Art««l, ft%n^r in bar maater'a aervicr, axalaimat * I drink th« air baftire ma," and in ** Antony and Cloopatm," tha RgypCian Quaan Ihua wmthfutljr pic- tarea th« indignitifa of a Boman triumph :— - ■'■" " . V I I I'll "■' ' ' ''. ' ' • Mir» Earaa am Land. tail. MM ?• I ^■FfV- ^ Ij ^' ftmk ti ffiM ill«4. tikAti ••] fWlly lhr«>u«». all KU «lrwi«i|«n.Ui||ii*ilQkr^ifc# «„«! h^.M^iy m4 AlHiilMr •lliiHraM'tti*. kul f UImP aiMitta r«f«r«itr« lni|im|t«irari#« •H.i atirvivv^l him. In " Mueh A4(i Ab witii ■ill wm u>« ftwM haf«o au raioikixi by tho «it« and ipillanla on lh« l«ffliali alaff*. Mon tha nloaa of lh« •ittMnlh mm%ury. it la dim«iill taavado th« mnrtiMiim thai anoh aimilaa may hava (Urtvod iMr fbiM tHm ihm UihatMi luin«a «hidh roaa vMbly tai aighl of Iha «vdiaMtk 'I'baaa "l'"«4Mi^>y*''«*'- h«>««»WrHawi np^ap* morw i-Membtanaa !■ wrhd 'ijfl|UHHkl'«^>*l*''^M||P*r- t^'in* i " acraw hia«a«tfifa to Ihf alickiu|| pla«a," aha aajatr* ,'" '*' ' ■' ■ «i .» "Miaf^ioahaaihafiataa,;'! .\. , <■■'*-■■■ Win I wftk vfaM and waia«il>«u «u«TMia4^^ . - __ ^^ ^ TlnU niamurj, tli«i warilar of III* li Mia, 7 "t '^ Khali b« a fuma, and tb« rMil<4hniMii •• mAMlllllil |i«iprMAt«« w>««r Intoflbfw «MJl IK« ff*plii« l«i«»>iM •Vbii gl*« lilW to giifi «#*« «f IK« Hlt4l««pMrMn 4r«in« . •n4 tUl lh« in«fa MMMii«llM^«wMlif Mtl »( Hm\t h«<« ii»tvrr«4 M|.4k««|>*4ir« (lum tit tlNntw ♦» l^fjiHiK 0|fa •i^Maili«f Mvtlt/ 4t4 M« fMi^tr M MtiM»iUl>U) % kK tW"*** "^f UtU ta mtmy • tttbd ti^lic Til* mliimt't ^iiill* i«i i^^ llMkMllMi4 iMiVMkli*'i%*M ■Miitiipi vtA imiilt or Hw»fii} HT Norway, tft«l»ui|i>iii Km !«« llwmMinil 4M ColniM Inch 1 (A«l I-, ^t^m HI.,) or M«n«tilu«, in '*Ci (Act v., lk«o« I..) »llh hi. ^ •mft IrllMWN M»l Itef* »Mk'4 Aw «*•«»• To wih« mm/* thtaflH'' or 0 handnNl aliiitor Inotoncr*, liwiUior l«i IIm tftddrn ot our dromolbft. wouki oil mum r«|u«lly moilmiMibU ««tw th«y mA oli tliorv. It Mrrma to oi«. h-wruir. thwl th« «M«ici«tion at tol "funiff«" »iih " minm •ml miimaI^" • vwrjr f«w jffon Ui»r thou li production of " lloclMtb," «u«il(i |ito t>rtvt»lH iho um of thv BMrr lomi, in tiMth on nMMiciotioa l^lo kto poputor ttttM. ■• \»
  • tho rising nf yWm of vopour, in iliatillotion i but Umron, «hi), in kia thirty 4 hint mMjr t *' Of rtontotiono, " op^oko of tko iibevo of Virginb M on« of iKt " Mmnidditira ohioll IIm inil wlwrt iko pttntotion l«, duth nulunillf jiold," nlMiirhtfni nwnmnirnd* " thitiit won* good to try li« Imktmf 9/ J)tmti'h]f piit*t,M th0y do in Iml§m9, of othrr thinK* 10 dry and eomfort.'* Hero thoroforv, w« |>M^'«iPo tk« Adoption of HhakraorAr*! twrm '*/km0t,'* for th« amoke of tobaeco witkift • forjj^^Cvw yotrt aflrr th« prwiuctiun of " M«vb«th," • «li»d i*«. ; ■*OrMt Makhabl «m M tpll lr«M ««U m thbMr ' ''**'' But his fsllof^lMubua^ali^f hi* fMrajQ^ .fr^iof hint t^ ttu novelty :— " WM M IndlM WMtl, . Vmt tarn4 •wny mm WMftb Ubm iravU ■ kuay tli«ui V . ^/ I«#T» cluMli^ «M Ml mfwiUkmammmmmati iftrnk Ibr ilMfMl" ll muMt inilM^, with fMaUiaf, iriakim^, amd •tbcr trkca, b Mpiof «i iW jouag «fNmiltliriAa of th* linuiM ta •pccdj rwla. la " llaHlMtiMiicw Vtir," (Act ir;, b«»a« VI,) tb* puritan Jastio*. Orardo, warn* •gatasl " iiMtlaf after thai Uway w««d tobaeeo, whoae ooaiplaiiau i« likm th« ladiaa'i that vimta it !" •nd aftar bcnting it iu t«mit ■ Marwiy quotable, ha raakona tha novica's outlajr at '* thirty pouada a wt«k in bottla^lr. f«irty in tobacco I" So, tois in Baaumoat and Flatebar't '• Wit witboat Monay," Vaientina " a gdlant that wil| not ba p«rtuad«d to kcapbit •atate/'^picturing to bia fbitblcaa Hva|4. faii bia lova auit. the brgfary that awaita them, ifuaia up a liat of tli«' aligbta of toKuna with t " Kiigliab tubac-eo, with balf>pipaa. dot ia- balf t jraaronea burnt." Mora quaint ia tha alluaion with wbiab' Robin GoodfWIlow, in "tha Hhaphtrrd'a Draam." (1(112.) ixca ih« introduction of the novel luxury, where raluetanily adnitting tha i beneftta of the Bafonaatiop, he bewaila the nit oi' PQptfj aaid Iba introduction of tohaooo aa concurrent areata I From thia date the alluaiona to tha uae and abuaa of tha In4iMl weed abound, and leave no room to queation the wide diflVuion of tha practice of amoking in the afrenteenth centuij. Burton, in bi|< *' Anatomf of Melaooholj," (1621), preaaribea tobaooo na "n^ ■orereign reraady to all. diaeaaea. but one e«>mmonly abuaed by ni<»4 » men ;" while in Zacharie Boyd'a - Laat Ratteli of the Soule in Death/'* pHnted at Edinburgh in 1629, the quaint old divine ape^ka of t))a baekalider aa one with whom ** the wyne pint and tobaoca pypa with aneeaiog ponder, provoking anenela, ware hia beaiiaa deligbt 1" The term emploj^ed by Zacharie Boyd for anuff, ia atill m th» abreHated form of ** cimmAm," the popular Heottiah name fur thia preparation of tobacco. There are noc wanting, however, abundant proofa of the ancient naa of aromatic powdera a* anuff, bng beforti the lntrodaet{<*n of tobacco to Europe. Ona familiar paaaaga from ShakMpeare will occur to all; where Hotapnr describing tha fop* bVf lord "iiarfUmed like a nrilUnar," adda :«- "And Hwht MtiRg«r and bit ttnaabha hdd A poonait baa, wMeh avar and waaa Ha gMva Ml ROM. aad tookfaway a(aia i Who, thcrawith angiy, whcp it naitaaHM tharf . ;•■-... Tbok it in waftl '. .••■.■ r- ,: ^. - ^.^-.. • «-•; Tba iHnrtntion whicft tftla i^i>i»'lib^ anoiimtoie of pnBfnit 10^ annnitie powderl hi one manaer in wMeh tobtoeo ftat been ao aztanaively empk^ad finoa ito btrodaetion into HuNpfk H it«>' ■m .M.- (.y — =7 %"^f r«r"' "-"' VAaoovM I ■■lifc af Mirooliw in th« i*af •# iaMinf *kmf Hptm hmuk oa Ito , tkmnm of MrHw no^itM o# «> rMnarlMbI* • o— tow. Ttia Vuw iiw dMi Btatorn AaiiUiM aiipwn to k« tnusMbU to a tMsoto MMi^tiiljr. Nto«k- •ftt Borup* Hm, m like muincr, had itoladumMMl hop, and ia BihliM, ito mmmmiHt mmmniha, or Mrootio ftingiu. But tba avidanoa faila at which should f rove that in tha oaaa of tha pipa, aa in that of Mm pounoaVboi, tha tobacco only «a«ie aa a aobt^tnto for alder aroma* tiaa, or nMeetios aimilarily ra^ilaorod. Nor whan tha «ridc*nea ia looked into mora flarafViUj. »« (i|kiliraet proof* wanting, aa ouggcat »aoaipM«iiTaly racsant oti|ii|^|a^fiur a* both Europe and A«ia nr« ooneemed, to, tha peouliai>N^|i^'^f enjoying attoh naroottoa by in- haling their funea through k pij^ attaehed to the bowl in whioh they ara aubjeoted to a slow proeeaa of oombuation. When engaged, aenie years ■inoe, in the preparatbn ot a warii on Soottinh Archeology, my attention wa« directed, among variout minor •ntiqiritiaa of the Britiah Ishuida, to a curioua claas of relics popularly known in Scotland by Aha name of (kUie or Ef/im pip*», in the north of EngUnd aa Ibirfptpm, and in Ireland where tbay are more abun* dant, a«. Ikmrnf fiipm. Theae are finraied ^ whito oky , with aoma W- MmblaiiMi^ to the (brm of the modem eUy pipe, but variously oma- mantad, and inTariably nit a Tery small slsa eomtiared with any tobaooo-pipe in modem use. Similar relioa have since been obaert ed in Bnglatid, fonnd under droumstonoea oaleulated, like those attaatd- ing the diseorery of aome tH tha Seottiah eisaiplea to suggest as ntiqnity for them long anterior to tha introduotioa of Ameriea'a (kvourito nuvotie, with what King Jamea, on finding ka taaabiliiy, iMTMd to designate its " precious stink I * Tba most remarkabla of anoh diseoraries are thoae ia whieh pipea of ihia primitiTa form Irnvn bean fonnd on Roman sites along side of genuine Soman nunains. Bodk was tha ansa, an the eipoenrs, in 186S, of part of tba anoieni Boman wsll of London, at tho Tower poatorn i tnd. along with niaso»> tj and tiles, of undoubted Boman workmanship. % awtihited sepuU diral inscripti fi<« ,f?«;*«5,4 I; f i)r Mur.^mfky- Ttievw in* iMfof fth^lMBp 1% kjr Mm ^nitl». ividMM* f»ik 1MI • in llwt of Dm ror«lder •roma* th« critlone* it tling, m »ugg«t« •p* mid Ahm An) iiAroottoa bj in- rl in whioh felwjr m of • work ou ig variout minor relioa popularly M», io tlio north aro mora abun* f, with aome M- rariouirfjr oma- ored with an/ B been obaert ed to those atiMd- » to auggeat \mk D of Amerioa'a g iia taaabilityy toat reDiarkabW primttiTo fona EUHoaan nunaina. of the anoieni tng with maaoiv- DMtilated aepul- west from aup- ain, of a Chria- .?,'T''. ' * » fi'? !?• ,«,4 ■ ■ . ■. • ■ ■ l-rV ^i^iiiK»^ mmtmas&i-' 'I^^BB&' ■ 4jp!' ircms. \ among the Mtiolea helongtag to (he Bo«Mn penod f Home of them indeed, hare • nwdieiri|ji Mptct } buttha (hot of their being frequently found in Homan atatfona, along with the pottery and other remaliie, undoubt* edly Bomtti, ought not to be overkioked." After •«<«' fif—. To what ptrlod th«M curious rolios b«loug I mn staloM to d«t«roilu«. Th« |)opular murtua sUsckad to iham, maaifeatl^ point to •o arn long prior to that of Sir Walter tUlcIgh and tha nialdao quaan, or of tha- royal Sdtbor of ' A Oonittcrblaat io Tobaaeo/ and tba objeola along «tth which thay hava bean (Hacovcrad, wonid alas aeaafi oMMiuuslly^ load to fimilar eon* olsaiooa.in which oua wa afaall bs foroadto saauaa that tha Amariaaa waad vaa a«lj iniroduoad sa • aupariur aubatitata for oldur uarooUoa. Uanip may, in $11 probaUiit;, bars .fernwd on« of thsss { it in atUl Inigtly ui«d in tha asat fo^ thia purpuaa." When preparing the notioea of miscellaneous minor Scoitiah antiquitieai from which the abore passage is abstracted, my attention bad been directed, lor the flrst time, to theae relica of the old smoker** niootian indulgeno«a. The discovery of miniature pipes, under pecup liar cirouuutanoes, had been notedio the 9tetiatical Accounts and else* wbeie, from tine to time i but lo far aa I am aware, they bad not b#en subjeetod to spocial notice or investigatioa by any previoi^a 9cottiah antiquary ; .and finding evidence, then. guotedf— of the dia- ooTory of the iniiiiii^*ii JEJ^ii J^, in " iiniish enoAmpmenta;" in the vioiftity of a pnniitiTe monoUthio ro(miuiu«i;it, ^i(h flint arrow baad^i stone celte,&«y( inanjtncient oemote^, aloogsido of medieval pQtteqr, at J^^orth B<»rwick ) and at oonaiderable depths in varioua localities ; as for example, six feet in a moaa betv^en ^o^llowi^ and >* **Tha ttHSaa.^'Ul, aa MMetfcal and tijimaiail^ iiaiilHtel or'the Barrtw «v tiw i*^ ^"^ trtaodlnf ftaai tea Xfm ^ U»a «olarv » bj tba Bav. f, C. Brnaa, M. A w^ VABCflVie tffMM A19 HrHtllMW IiMrwiflk, in th« Oiknitf i I remaHmd in raferacc* lo lueh nolicM that •omm qf |Im« «-«r« Mruinly •ugfMtiv* of th* Utll* Blla ptpM b»longin|( to « i^mole ani. Wben, lii>w«ir«r, my wltiuiml frt«ne it a dawiie imititution t 1 doubt n«H but tho l«ttni«Nl iii>man Antiquary of Pona ililia. in hia ml to provide the Tungrian Ijcgionariea of old Uorouvietta, or Ih* Hpaiiiah N'arduli of Itrrmatiium, with the otinaolatidne of a pipe, |0 beguile th> ir draary outlo«)tr IVum that bleak Northumbriau out|MMt of Imperial civiliation, most honestly and unwittingly overlooked whatever fiiiled to aquart with the manifeat Ntnraa of ao pleaaaat a conceit I npr did it ever occUr to me to think of putting the tAdT Tungrinns* pipe out, by continuing the quotation, until now when, in tht5 tardy accvaa to Uritiah periodicnls, I Hnd myaelf quoted aa aii Authority for the antiqfuity of the loliacco-pipe,— not ooJy by thoaa WllO, favouring auch an opiuiun, are willing td oounfe even the iqoafe lukewann ndherent on their aide, but by othera whp treat me aa Oliver Proudfoot, tho bonnet maker, did hia wooden aoldan, which he aet up merely for the pleaaure of knocking it down ; or aa the gallant Bailie and bonnot maker of tSaiut Johnatouna aay^i *' Marry, and •ometimea 1 will place you a bonnet (in old one moat likely,) on* my aoldan'a head, and mAu pipM omH flh«n«l Ur. iIm poMibilitjr •■ OMWMonaUjr 1 WMaa iVlw, in hia mviMM, tiff 111* • of a |»ip«, Id nbricu uut|NMt gly ov«riovktNi ' to pleMaata utting the Old" itil nuw when, it' quoted m »n ooJy by thoee even the iqoet It me a« Olirer rbicih he aet up If the gallaat *' Marry, and lost likely,) on* ght blow, tha* ing to hit at r ;hose who, like miliar with the perforee, made it confeea to a na quoted only theae are read ipeotaelea of Mnragemaat to jr, and it leemi oehaanay be I Wall,** tuoli l^tuJ.^d^-^l_&j>l>^L^ ft^j^ -S^rr |:!553^ST'^|!'i^*^-^f!OT'jp^S^ -'■^T^f -?rr v~fi -Y'^' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^„^^^ _^.^jj„^„^5j^„-^^y,-^ , ^j,„ ■I Wt9. 1. Mm* Mptk ll«mla«M< J. tM. ft Ov ^. >«* BMrwiek. M- 'mtk ■•./ . ANTIQUE 800TTI8H TOBACCO PIPES. MilTIBlll Jill S'^-'«'»!r.*i^~->-t-»-.g=-i^''-4^.'a'-i'''.'*i^Jig-,y HP WBi m» iiN mm ,i^¥imk, lK if*' ,M f , • " It '-'iy»%.p^ii 't»iXUf f<. 'imI»»» ■».^C .•'•; .' ♦. • i* ('hf-r}.:^- '.' .'k,' •>.-. -.i,' '%' ''^'*H#b«Mb-'? >V «f 'Vii^y -»^>**».j ..i;j^' %*H -I sak, *,i)iV'*^.i;i»M(!(|i^jf^. .4Jb«»i»»^ iri-jiij^fif J»«^•*w^■WA^>•*.■^.V^.■- •>■ .? ?. • ^1 J l''l '.:4i - 1: - -,'rf ^w. -■ *jii'- s-"ttesi.= Ae." " 'yt. >i Tf r)k" , i" 5™™Bi»^-'r- r» y . "•f%S' / / »1. *■-- '^ *■'. ft,* f ' i -).♦'•** / I V- ■ f 4««.n^\^, t^^**-.*-"!i-. 'f'"i^«(d«:-'^ p !«♦''§ ^'#?^-^ Vt4t«ri m eM tn tki Jtrt^mitiftHtt Tamriutt* wlU, iflir MfWHng If Mr. Cniflun Crvksr't atgiuU nrfuUlivii uf " thifl •bauril txiltun,'* couplM in« with Dr Brtto* m " iii«liii«4l k> Maign tiMb pioM iw Mt af« lone pHor t^ that uf RliMMk mi<1 IMr Walter BaUigk.** Il mighl Im iirirwawiiiahi* to blani* ■ ntiilHbutor of rdiUtrial nolwi |4> th« Arckaoloifteml Jommal (or ovrrlcHiking • pamgraph in th« ProwMtiuft ^ tAs BM«ti»k AmUqmritt, ol date 4 yaar mtUm Ihaii hit nute.f wbieli nwortU thai * t)r«,, Wila^ communiflaUid a nuliaa of (b« ilia* corary of vsnoua of th« amall fcibartvHpijH'* popularly l«mi«(l ' (7«i|tio' or ' Klfln pip**,' in digging lh« fouiulatiuii uf a n«w acbuol bona* at Uonnitigton, in tba intniediata vioinity of Edinburgh. Along with Mmw vara firand a quantity of bodlaa or plaelia of Jamaa VI., which h« ftKhibit«d with th« pip«a,and at tha aamatima eiprmiard hia bfliiaf that thay pr^lfwbly auppliad a|, vary truatwortby dua to tho data uf thia aomawhat curioua claaa if minor antiquitiaa." Tliia mora maturad opinion of 1803 lay lout of tha way, and might nut b« notiead by tha ArrlicKilogical Juurnaliat, aa it would aaaunxll; Flara baan orerlookad by tha aaaloua Roman, quita aa much aa tho loUuw« ing continuation of tha tirigitud quotation «o aptly abridgmi to tha proportiona of hia olaaaio tunio. . But any writer who looketl in ito own pagaa, for tha opiniona aat forth on thia aubjaot, in the '* Pra» hiatorio Annala of tScotlanll." would hara found that tha abbraviat«Nl quotationa in tha " Roman Wall" and elaewhora, only giva uno aida ol^tfaa atatamant, and that, aftar refarring to an artiola in Iba Dublin Panny Magaaii^a, tha inquiry ia thua aammad up i— • r* -^^ " Th* ooboIimIoo arrivail »t by tha writar ia that macaaiaa i», that th«M Daoaa' pipaa ar« naithar mora nor Um tlian Mmm pipm, tba ioallaat uf (tMm |Mrtainlaf ta tha aarliaat jaara of Qu««a BUmUiUi'4 ralgo, when U>« rarity and valun «f tobaooo rMi4l«r«4l «uA!eieatlj ampla (»r the •i\j(7maat of ao tMMtly ■ luxury. Prom thia ha tracea tlum down to tba r«ifn of Ch trie* II. by tha iaeraaaiac diaMoaiona of tljl bawl. /!<««•< imfrohmbU tUt tkn$ eitnttu- •4aa« aiajr 6« «orrmii, notmitkMmmdUtf (Aa mppartnl tndleniioiu of a mimiA mtiUr *ri0i*K wA^A tinmutmtm mmtkml aa lArir oeeatittiai duttmrg km* Hmmtd «a Tba fallowing daaerlptloa of a aoriaua fkiotUah mamorlal of tba loxury would, bowavar, aama at laaat to prova that wa miut traoa tba intradootioo of loltaooo lata tbiaaouatryto adata mnab naarar tba diacoraryof tba naw world by Colum- bna than tba ara of Ralaigb'a wloaiaatioa of VirgiaU. Tba grim old luep of Oiwdor Oaatla, aaaodatad in daAanea of obrmology with King Dmaao and Maobath. ia aqgmaatad lika tba oagority of anab SeotUab brtalioaa, by addiUona of tba ■lltaaolb flantary. Ia oaa of tha apartmaaU of thia lattar araotioo. la a atooa aAiabwiilrnlual Joaraal, ToL XI . p. ^ ~ ~~ • ■■ . ' '"" tPKoaadlaait.A.Saal. VoLLp-iai f ■ili i.: 1^ j^'l^«-4* jmj.:!-^ i^. V4MVIM «Mk*M UIB •VfflMSillBat ■NIBIMy, f^MtJ WW^ Wl^ aflMmBI Wpilipi MM hM |rWI9i|V> WrMM 'tiMr* «M IM Mi atolffe* M l« lk« wmmliHl «lllN Im« H*«I/ r*ft«M tiumd h Iks 4ttm lllu. ika jmm I« wkMi tiM wtMf •# ika tmtkt h U,U*m \mm WK"* Mi to «M«ll H W^ ht OdkO. J«Mk« MM Htviitff IbtM tfM •! Mm tfj (kn/kt-^yk " M • Ihm ki a«4«rmin« lo »hal iNinuii ib« ffuriMtiA r«li<*a (wlhrd t>in«'« or KIAn pip** klonff* ffd," Mid rona«<|u«iiiry 4p||rt>Mlmg • ||m»tiii Marrttun un 11 ■ubjMil "(•fl for furthfir >mf*>ji%KiUo«," --furiifh»4 • i«>|«.r«blx ■igniflvAiil indiMlion of mjr iM«lili«|ii^ to uM$u %o Miab iittiir modarn origin: I wm ■unttiwh*! turpriMd lo And myt»\f, no4 fwy lo'ig aiiirn. Agvrinn ftluugaid* uf ■alnguUrijr endttW>l« arrwjr of "ohivtl^totit. MoiiMoUiguila, all knight* of lb« tntiioal U>b««ao pip** Mut iMidy lo.%y^«r • UuMO wilb •nj puny uiodtrn baratio «Im> tontttPtd natiJribAt Jul In i|uciati«i]ribAt JuHua Caaar amoked hia ni«trek*um al th« p«aa«g« of 'the UhiiHi, or thai llrnidotua pnrtook o( m HojrtbMn p«ac« pipo wbota gtlboring tba naUriAla fur ih« Ur«b of lllalorjr I livrt b tkM tmf of kMniflli«allekaa uf tbaaa obiacta, but obuailtad Uiam ammig (ha luairumanta manrarHa 4llinK«niMl DruM, aotlllad "Itia Hunuut Wall," in arhich tlia aiilhor aaka Iba quaalluo wliathur tk« plpaa 4iaaaT>rloKjr of Haollaad, alalaa thai l4>ba«co waa only inli- i fcmin «l MhMW IM* liwtf*. tUrn^MiU^ tn (fWlltnf *t 1^ 44f tlttM«w 4m« )im4 (It f|«iU M te>. lMi( iitiilliBi llMi Ik* |M»|tl« (|trMMi l»«tN|» MmI •<« ra«|« «M|t iwik II li ilnwlUw dkMiftil hjr naMM «l« ■•MmtoMM lli*t Um ^(m »« «lkt«ll|i TliU U by no hmniim lh« 8r«( tl>n« w«ff« •fi)UMiil««l with ttitNMiaa, or ••* Imrb of ■(miUr prw^rliM, lonn IxiCora Im duwuvArjr of Awwrioa, miiI ltt«t tluif ani'ilUNl il thi^iunh amiUi ti^b««- IMiny bM dao bMM prmtiMwd to ahov lb«l C'tiltoAiol (fitfM/Mf* fufftra, • inuoilaKwnotM Mut bittsr k«rb«««(NM pUui, lb* !•■*«*« of whiah wrr« onuo in (nal fitvor for th" Tbis, boirtrw, U nolhiug mora thtoi * proof of thn Antiquity «f A pro<'M« of applying th« fUnifa or atrAin of crrtAtn plaaia, for ni«diviuAl purposoa, which is iioominimdad in a ttvAliM uo *' th* VartuM of i^olafooi" in Um Hittnri0 of flmHlt, by Mambarl Dodoana. tranalAiad and puhluhrd in KngUnd in 137lf. " Th« pArfuma of thtf dryed Itwvra" aAya ha, " layde upon qiiioka flolaa, tak«n into tba mouth through iha pip« of • ftinnall, or tunnvll, haipeth auoha aa ara troubtad with th« ahort- aaaa of winda, and fatcha thair brcaih thiokn or oft«n." Ho far, bow- •(bwM ta tha Nortii Hrtiiak ikuk, lUmU, Jitljr »Mkt UMbal vttkaat Malftt lka» orlgliMl armrm. II Wm didImI Into Ih* tlltutrattJ TImM, of July Wlh. fend hy otW ■Mrtwlkwte, iMl Umtb •ho Wlthotit mtkrwnim In Iha orlRtiMl antAorMy. In tMa «Ma I Munot diiubt thai tha w«(tor who thiia kioaal> [jiiiilM. or HlfcuniTtaa. IfeA "AralMWlnV tf acotlaad" doaa It at Mron^kand, flraiii Ih. Hrtiea- t Vol. I., p. IM t«d In /Mat m»4 Qmrnrita, X. 4a Tba Ml^aat Imb kam kaiMllnl In all MaM^ and tmch *4a« of iIm a^Ntlana l« lN*«l«ta taa AMina lU Aataiikra In Ihia uaaM awkidlcal. - aottbly uaaftal lo thoaa who ara cu4 off trma tha gntt ptibllo llbrarira In IT. ■ad Q., *oL ll„ p. IB4, miioh mirinua Inftwniallon la ( Ita ■aa>arii aMIquHy llnJaa Bow«i». ak&tan on iha aulhorHx o( Una, ami attll nor* oT I>r. M«]rar of K«iil«.lmrK. who dla. aovar. 4 |n tha work* of an old lllndoalanaa phjrtlcUui, a pMMga In which tol)ac<» la dlatlnaUy MaMlo ham hNBlnamdoead lata ladK kjUMFraa aaMaM. tat Um yaw iml •-•i. bj^y^. / ■«,-,-~^-TiTjir jp-- ^j" ■jei^^sjTO^W!?*?' fl^^™ ' r^'Bjr^r' "' wwt»'"»''^fra|^ j^iu^Mt-^^^j^B^ hM9 tVfSMVUMIM «^^ 1 ••«, frMI llM yWMtbt tf tMiMl fcHMlte llvftelbto Ml4 li««««flr, IImI mmnf pUnMi hAV« bmm Mil* ■|»jl«4 M Mbttaul*)* f(>r Im^mwm. sit^ Ih* ltilriMlti«U*m «>f III* yr— Mm of amolling Th« •imill Mlriitfwtuiy Mad iliurwilo qti«Jllt«i ol fti^ftrkkmm mad 9%kn Uqfimm, M %a tW«r m«« ^wm 1/ ta iM««lM4aM^ 4d«, Dti^ otk«v twra wheu tubacoo and the tub«ctiu pl|M W* b«tb rvQugnlMd M gilla of tb« new aroHd lo th» oU. BttI il to eurioua lo nota^ tltal om of Ui« moal inetwnllj •mffwlilad nbatitiitas for IoImukh) : th« epp«pni lo bav» Immii aniptoyad lo adulttmiU it aUnoat aaaoon aa it oamo into ua* in Bnglaud. Dana Urala, in Han Jonami'a •' llartbolomaw ITair," (iOU.) Ihua ad4|Maaa ktr dull lapalar 1-^ I oao bul hold Ufa and aotil toftlbar with ibia, Mli4 A wUff of tobaeshit%g KiigUiw< Hut lk«wii «mi mmntif hm aui^paoaNi !•• iMt* |«» ■•tnad wnlittttwn Iti th« Mpontania Ipiifom tho «Ui«« ot tli« flfl«i«Nill| •Mltttr^, «tr 1*1 h«m fuM lo !»•♦• crttam tmAwr th* ttnttr* bntli nt ^rmtuk s IB4 Riifiuihimm at en mtIjt |>«ri«Hl lliorwiftcr Wbcn •! Ifiiglli IwH/ btPMlMMl lalruughl «»•? Mid 4ou«!»*t«nihirv, wh»m lobniMM la aOlrmtHl to Imv« boeti flrat niMtl in Krinlaiiil, uii(l«r ibti dato, N«pt«nib«r lUtli. I«M7. motiltona |b« lufgrniation cHMnmunic*t«otry of Iha aam« inderatigabto diaHai, fVimiah«a avidaiUM not only, of ib« aarly faitb in Iha antt-contagioua virtuna of toliacoo, bat abw of tba no iaaa aarly mod« of uatng it in Kniflaud aocording to a faabion wbiob ia notr mora frm]u«ni|y rrgardiNl aa a a|>»cial pronjga* tire of young 4nioriva. On the 7tb of Juna, 1(300. Pepya uut«a tbat tba flrat light of the plagua-eruaa, with ita accompanying aolomu formula of prayer, nnovod him, not to m davoiiunaJ rjaculatiun, aa J might parbapa aa«m moat fitting, but on\y to cbaw tobao«o f " TW botteat day," b« writaa, "tbat arer I felt in my life. Thia d..y, niucb •gainat my wUl. I did ia Dniry Laoa.aaa two or tbraa boua«a marka4 . __^__ «■ t ■"K" A,-^'^*" mw*'^f^im^^ii ^Pii^i •■ 1; ■ I ft VABOtyru) viASM asd •vriBartttont - •wHh » red cro«« upon th« door*, and * Lord have merey upon at T writ th«w J whioh w«» a wd tight to mr, being the flr«t «>« the klad that, Ui my r«iii«mbr«ne« I trer wiw. It put cut iu kii ill comjeptUm of my»elf and my inn-H, no that I waa forcad to buy wnu. roll- tobaocH) to mnell to and chaw, whioh took oway the appn-h^naion."* The coftly natira of tha luxury haa been aMumi-d a« funiiahlng ample explanation alike of tKe minute >iie of the original Jobaoco plpo,— which in all probability necured for it in lat^-r tliiii«* itn dtHigim- tion of " Klfln" or "Fairy Pipe "—and of the early aubntitution of native pungent and fragrant hcrbi for the high priced foreign weed.-- The cirouinitancea, however, which render the rarer Kngli-h liiomtur* . of thft •Ixtecnth and aeventeimth centurien inncceHiiiblolirrv, HnTe ftirniiihed reiouhjea of another kind which may perhapa be thought to account for this on other, and no leiia probable gw.unda. During • Tlnit to part of the Minneanta Territory ,at tli* head of Lnke Superior, in 1865, it waa my good fortune to fkll in with a party of the 8ault- auz Indiana.—aa the Ctiippeways of the for weat am most frequently deaignated,— and to see them eflgngc iu their Vatire dances, in foot- n^ea, and other nporta, and among the rert : in the luxury of the pipe. It ia*acarc«Iy neceaaary to remark that the Indian cairiea hia pipe-item in hia hand, along with hi» bow.tomahawk, or other weapon, while the pipe lt«elf is kept in the tobacco pouch, generally formed of the skin of aome small animal, dreased with the fur, and hung at bia belt. But what •truck me aa moat noticeable was that the Indians in amoking. did not exhale the smoke from the mouth, but from the nostrils } and this, Mr. Paul Kane assures me is the unWeraal ' custom of the Indians of the north west, among whom he has travelt- ed from the Hed Biver settlement to the shorea of the Pacific. "By this meana the narcotic effects of the tobacco are grcatljj increa«ed, in so much 80 that a single pjpe of strong tobacco smoktd by an Indian in t^i$ manner, will frequently produce complete giddineaa iuid intoxication. The Indiana accordingly make use of various - herbs to mix with and dilute the tobacco, such aa the leaf of the cranberry, and the inner bark of the red willow, to both of which the Indian word kinikinik is generally arplied, and the leaves of the winterberry , which receives the name of pahgnejunX The cranberry ..-_ ^ — . . - : — ■ ".-■V'. , — — ^ •JPkpy'tDiwjr. MbSditloB. VotU, ikMS. 1 1 1 Ml infbrtiiad l«y the iUv. tit.QfUmn, the t«ii«l»tor of the BlbVo in the Ohipprngr tongue, th»t the Ut««lilgiiW«n<»(rfHi.<*to<*l«'- he mil**" JW»<*««v«i» to " • mlitur^ •■dtbew0r«kM«*p|»Had hy «i«Im»tai«i»o4lothe dUweiit alone, but to the totacrb Md dUMiiUwhen mlMdMHl pif^ftA tor ok*. Bo >l»oj>e Vf" »• " MjrtWii« »lMd,- aai r be rcnd«red : ■pmetbing to mix with totaooo^ ' ' *1iilNri oii» Aim CTir wottij^ » ind winterbrrry Imvm sm pr«p«red by pMiing thtfm throii|{h tM , top of th« flftinfl, or more Idturely drying them over the Are, without Allowing them to hum. Among the Oreeki, the Chofiktnwi, end other Indi«nt in the •outh. the iesvet of the sumMh, prepared in • •imiler manner, «n»wer the like purpoae. The leaf of the wintet« berry, or tea btrry. {eoHkerin proeui^fUf) han a pleasant aroma, whioh may hare had aome influence oh ita aeleottun- The Indiana of the north went aiicribe to it the further property of; giving them wind, and enabling them to hold out longer in running ; but the main object of all «uch addltionm iippenri* tu bo to dilute the tobacco.and thereby admit of ita prolonged enjoyment. Having botfl) chewed an4<^ Mmok^d the winterberry leaf prepared by tho lu'liano. T am abj[» to ■peak positively as to tlio abaciico of any nnrt^'otiu ((Ualitics, and I presume that with it and all the other ndditioni to the tobacco, th« main object in to proride adilMent. ao as to niudi-rato the ofTccts, and prolonpf the enjoymimt of tho luxury. The samo iiu)do 1« employed with ardent spirits. Mr. Kane rom.irks of the Chin'ook Indinua : it la a matter of astoninhment huw rory smill a quantity of whiaky mificea to intoxicate them, although they always dilute it largely in order to prolong tho pleasure they derive from drinkiug. The custom of increasing the action of the tobacco fumes on the nervous Hystcm, by expelling them through 'tho nostrils, thou;jh now chiefly conflned to the Indiana of this continent, appears to havu been univeivally pmctiscd when the smoking of tobacco wos introduced into the old world. It has been per])etuatcd iu Europe by those who had the earliest opportunities of acquiring the native euatoni. The Spaniard atill expels the smoke through bis nostrils, though iising • light tobacco, and in such modcratlDn as to render the influence of tbt narcotic Bufficiently.innocuous. The Greek sailorii in the Levant very frequently retain the same prnctice.and with leas moderation in its use. Melville also describes the Sandwich Islanders, among whom tebacoo is of such retent introduction, as having adopted the Indian custom, whether from imitation or by a natural savage instinct towards excess } 'and evidence is not wanting to prove that such was the original practice of tfae English smoker. Paul Hentzner. in his " Journey into Eng« land." in 1Q98,* among other novelties describes witnessing at the playhouse, the practice, as then newly borrowed fk-om the Indians of Virginia. ** Here," he says, "and everywhere else, the English are *lla)oM qiiotM from epifnrMna sAd MtirM of the muiw d»t».— «iKhtcon jrMn before th* daiith of ahakwpeMr.->to prava thM flMjntiften, eren kt m Murljr a JWiJgjgj^^gWg aijtoono viAtii utn mtnmawg^ OotuUiotly Mnokinff of tobMOo, Mid in this nauiMr : they 1uit« piped M purpoM mad* of 0U7. into lh« further end of wbtob they put th« kerb, w) dry tb«t it may bo rubbed into powder, «nd putting fire to it, thoy drew tho emoke into their moutbe, which they puiT out ageia through their noetrik like funneU, along with it plenty of phlegm, •od defluiion of the heed." 1 To thie it ia, that Justice Overdoo refen in Ben Jonaon'i " Bar- tholomew Fair," (Act II , Scene V^.) " Nay, the hole in the noae here, of aome tobaooo^takors, or the third noatril, if 1 may ao Mil it, which makea that they can Tent the tobacco out, like the ao« of oluba, or rather the fl<>wcr-de-lice, ii cauaed from the tobacco, the mere tobacco !" and ao aliio, in a paaaagc already referred to, iu Wamcr'a " Albion'a England," the " Indian weed fumee away from noatrila and from throats" of ladiea, m well aa lord* and grooma. The. minute aise of the moat ancient of the British tobacco pipes which hna led to their deaignation aa thoae of tho Elves or ^'^if^ may therefore be much more certainly ascribed to the mode of usin|( the tobacco, which rendered the coritenta of the smallest of theip ft •uiDoiont dose, than to viy economic habits in those who indulged iu the novel luiury. In this opinion I um further confirmed by observ- ing the same miniature charaoteristioa mark various apeoimens of antique native pipes of a peculiar oUbs to which I have already referred as found in Canada, and which appear to be such as. in all probability were in use, and furnished the models of the English clay pipes of the sixteenth century. But if the date thus assigfied for thr earlieafc English clay pipes be the true one, it has an important bearing on ft much wider question { «nd m * test of the value to be attached to popular traditions, may suggest the revision of more thm ono •robaeological theory based on the trustworthiness of such evidence. A contributor to " Notes and Queriee,''* quotes some dugrel lines printed in the "Harlelan Miscelbmy'* in 1024. where speaking of the good old times of King Harry the' Eighth, smoking is thus ludicrously describad ss a recent novelty : — ^H '•Nor did that tins know ^ To puff and to Mow, In a pif e« of white olsy ,, As you do at this day, •^:-'-'- . -• -^•■■'. With fler and eoale •'-■■,-'..;■■■■.''".' . - Andaleale teaholer ' - These lines ore tacribed in the origins!' to Skelton, who died in 1529, and by s couree of reasoning whieh seems to ron somewhat in •NotetandQnariaa. ToLTIL.p.tao. >* !P^!R«?^:5i?ss^:^5; - Urd. wh«rfl Mm.mK 4kn «i(r thr p«rlwin«nt and ravolution <>ii««mp«d : und in fhmtlMid in divcni Inonlitirai fVnm tk** border, northwArd. «vmn to the Orkripya. Thry have bwn r«»prRt«'dljr Bift with in old (Churchyards, and tumiNl ip in plaiMw of public raaort. Oceaniovaity too, to th« b«#ild«nn^ ' of tlie«ntii)uairy,th«yar«diioor bvra, o«ioot loiif ••nri»« «• » dUiinot trib#,— wd aI^m. iii •|>.ci«> r»» fen nr« to ihotm of tha rtn,oU north mn%, mwk on th« ahoraa uf ah« Pariflc, to Mr I'aul Kana. along »ith th« inforaatiou drrivad from iM|M(>tin« » ttna oolleotion of Indian relioa amnirvd by him duriaff thrM yean tra»«l io iha Hu'daon Hay Company'* I rrritory, and ■ntouK th« nei^hbourinR tribca within the Urrritoriea of the ITuiUd ataiea. A- ooinpariaon gf tlw facU Uiua obtained with auine of lh« eoncluaiona arrived at by other* from tha axaminatiou of thw older tfett of the ouatom and uaaffea of arotiking. appoar caJivilated to thn)w aome additional light on the latter, and eapfcially to niodiry the opinion derived from th« inveatigatio" of eiamplea of the aueianl •rta of the Mound BuildOTa, and other aboriginal trao. a of thie oon» - tinent/ •' • , . • Inaigniflcant, and even puerile, ai the aubjeot of the tobacco pip« appear*, it aaaumca an imp<>rt«nv« in many reapccta only aeooud to that of tho oateological remaiuaof the ancient rac«a o( this continent when Viewed aa part of the materiaU of iU uuwritten Ulatory. In Aleaara. Bquier and Davie* valuable " Contribution (o Knowledge"* the tobai-co pipea found in tho an<:ient aepulchral mound* of ib« Miaaiiiaippi Valley ar« apeoiaUy noted a* oonetiiuting not only « numeroua, but a highly Intereating claaa of remaina, on the coiv» etructiou of w hich the artiatic akill of their maker* wt-ma to ha»a been laviahed with a degree of care and ingenuity beatowed on no . other wotjia. ** Thiy are sculptured into lingular device*,: figure* of the human head, and of various beiata, bird|i» aud reptilea. Tbe*« figure* are allexeciiti'd in miniature, but with great fidelity to uatore.** Thua, for example, the author* remark in rfeferenee to ouo pipe-head (yig. 188, p. 268.) carved iii the ahKjpe of a toad: the knotted, corrugated akin ia well repre*«nted, aiid the aculpture ia so very, truthful that if placed in the graaa before an unauapecting obaervcr, it would probably be miatakcn for the natural object ; and ihcy further i^d ': " those w ho deem expression in sculpture the grand essential, will find something to amuse aa well as to admire, in the lugubrious expression of the mouths of these Specimens of the toad.'* The same writers again remark,-in defcribing the immenae deposit of pipes found on the " idtar** of one of the great mound* in the Scioto "Valley, some of them oilcined, and all more or UtM afiectbd by the fircBQf the ancient ceremonial t>f cremation or sacrifice: — ." Tite bowl* of ra ^ m '* •*! •|» ;'■ ' I • ■«'*f4fti%M%viiiifirii'aill' ?msm.''-i^im'ss»j^)>i'',w!^w'w^^^ M^ . I '1 y-: ■ * VAuatmd vtAMt ivo fimuvmovi bMs, fvptilM, A«. Not onlj MW tit* fiMtum of th« rarioua obj«cls wpNwiifed fkilHfblly, but t)Mtr |immliaWtiM and hibita M* in torn* d«gr^ eibibiiwd. Th« otter {■ ■hawn in • charMtfiristio attitud*, boldifliy ft flali in bia mouth ; th* hmttin al^ holda a (iah ; Mtd th« bawk graapa a amall bird in ita talotia, whieh-^t tMra with it|i beak. Tbf pantber, th* bear, the wolf, the bearer, the otter, the M|uirrel, the racoon, the hawk, t^tt heron, crow, awaih>w,buiBai'd,the paroquet, toucan, and other indigmoua and aouthvn^ birda; the turtle, th« frog, toad, rattleanake, etc., are recogniaed at flrft glaae«.*^* To thia oomprehenaive liatMr. Bquier makea Aii|;ther addittona in a work of later dute. Contraatinjp^ the truthfuhieaa of the earring* from the mounda with the monatroaitiea or car^caturea of nature uauaitf produced by the aavage aculptor, he remarka : " they diaplay nol only the general form and featurea of the objecta aought to be r«* pr«aented, but to^.a aurpriaing degree their characteriatic eipreaaion and attitude. In aomo inatancea their rery hobita at« indicated. Hardly a benat, bird, or reptile, indigenouA to the country ia omitted fk-om the lipt;" and in addition to thoae nam«d abore, heapedflet tha elk, the opoaauin,.the owl, rulture, raren, do^k, and gooae, aad alao the alligator.f Of no leaa intereat are the uuraeroua examplea of aculptured human heada, ao'me of them preaenting atriking trait* of individual portraiture, and which are aaaumed, from the minutt aoouraoy of many of the accompanying aculpturea 6t animala, to Ans nifb faithful repreaentaiiona of the predominant phyaical featujrea of the ancient people bf whom they were made. ' Ooqupared with the monuraenta of Oentral and Southern America, the aoulplured faf adea of the templea and ptflaoea of Mexico and Pern, the frietea adorned with Hieroglyphica, the katendara, and coloaaal atatuea of goda and' heroes, of Yucatan: the art which found ita bigheat object in the- decoration of a pipeer of Ijaka 'Superior, and mica bclievfdto be traceable to the Aiieghaniea, wbila th» gigantic tropical aheHa of ttie Oulf of Mexico have been found alike in tbeae ancient mounda and \n the gravea along tha ahorea of Lake Huron and Georgian Hay. The fact indeed that among tb« apeoimcna of their moat elaborate carving, lome of the objecta re- preaent birda and qu^drupeda belonging to latitudea ao far to tb« •outh, naturally tenda to auggeit the idea of a central region wher* the arta were cultivated to an extent unknown in the Miaaiaa^>pi -region!, and that thoae objecta manufactured in the localitiea where Buch modela are furnished by the native fauna, remain only aa the eTideAoea of anoient commercial relatione maintained between theae latitude! and the 16calitiea wbere now alone auch are knowii to abound. Buti in opposition to thia, full value must be given to the fact that neither the relica, nor the cuatoms which they indicate, appear to pertain exclusively to southern latitudea, nor are such found to predominate among the singular evideAcea of imeient and more ^ matured civilisation either in Central or Southern America, while the varied nature of the materials employed in the arta of the Mound Builders, indicate a very wide range of relatione ; though it cannot be assumed that these were maintained in every caae by direct intei^ course* The earlidf atudenta of Amerioaa ArehKol«iH«ti ^o undwrmki Ih* «rtMie •kill tinwb. wh(l« Mr. It**!** •i»l»M Ui« «li(lc»Uy by r*f«r«im|| luoh «vid«iiMN of urt to in m»iUm«nniiiwl fortpinn iour**. A/>«»,«l»»«^h"'« t^ tn»P«n», iwttrry. «nd pmrtMiMl omaiiMmta 0bfliin«d fWim iIm tnoundt. th0 l*»l« »»*»•» •<"•. "•»^' *^»*' **^ ^•^ '""^ M«|u(^r«>d Hgnre* of •nimiil* •!"! th« human h««d. in ih« form nf p*" "**"• "'^ tho h«rd.'.t -Ume*. Th« Uat-nam^d ara r»li«« ih»i imply » »»ry •«•. gidOT»bl« d»Kr»* of Wft, awl if iM'lUveU to l>« th« »Ofk of thu i>«»pl« ^llHl wtwM* rvnmiiw th«y «r« found, would t«iid (roally to inofW»4i tM wondar tM th«»rt of •culpmrej»mongth«ui wm iiol m«iiife»t*Mi in oth-r objmsU mid pbi»«. Th« faol lh»t nwrly alt thi flu«f ,^c}„,e„iof worliuiiMiihiprf«priii«»»lblrdii or Uudwid m«riim iniiuali lilonaloir to • diir«r«iit lalitu.l*. « hilo th« p'rtrU, the k«i»«« of obsld- Imi, the marine •helU. iu.d thi copper. ia|u»liy tontify to n diataalf though not eitnwjoutinenUl origin, may howoter otrludo th«a« (Vom being received as proof* of lyoal induntry and ikiU."* A fctn- sideration of the li*t already given of auimaU iculpturud by the ancient nipft-makem of the mouud«, a» quoted from the narrftliv* of MeMra Hquior and I)avi«, along with thu Ui«r additiouB of tho for- mcr sel fprth iu a form ttill low in aicor-lance with aueh deduotiona, trill I conceive, aatisfy th» inquirer that it ii quito an over ^latoment of th* tame to aay that nearly all r«pre««nt auimaU belougiug lo % diflerent latitude. The real iotere•^ und dilHculty of the ^uonliott Uea in the fact of diwjoveriug, aloug with to mony »pirlt.d eculpturei of animal- perUining to the locality, othera reproaented wiih equal uririt and Hdelity, though belonging to different Jatitu-lo*. On tUs •ubicct. familiarity with early Uritiah autiquitioe mdud Um ■■■iwil Annritsa MuannKulM. ia i^M til« furm*v (MMWMiituiily iHiinif. m Mifkibit aipM^Ml, IN* riHiv>^itinnd aliMnMirnalMia of i^ tradilKMMti l]rp«,* wlill* lh« imt%»t. it %it»y dtrniak •viiiMiiM itf migratMMi, prov* il In linv* M«n ranvnl, antl l« • kwslilj^ uol ftQ dtalMit M lu prMltidn all iwimwaI of intorMwrM wHil iMff Ml(W*tral birth'Uiid t MotwithaUnding i\tm gr«Nit tpirii diaplayrd lit matijr of thfl mmiatunt aculptiima of th» Moand lluild««ni, huwnrar, ' |b« diSk'nai-tt ill |>oiut of ildalitj uf iinitaiioii b«tw««n th«Ri a»d lb* (MUrvlnga of furvign auli^MU on lb* >Seu4iiah atandtng alomra thoMgk unmiatakaiibU, ia not m\ great aa lh« deaori|)tt«ina uf Amwio»a ArchsologiaN wutUd auggaal \ whila bulb Itra aJiiia a ad in tiia atjla of PuHah I; mid arvpml of thu niiimala Agur«d in '* Tb« Ancient Monamrnta uf lh« Miaaiaaiiipi Vall«y," «. g. th« wild oat, Ki{(. 16H i tb« " vnr/ apiritsd, thou|i[h not nninuti'lj aijourata head of tha Klk," Kig. 101, and tho auppoard *'oh«rry birda," Kiga. 174, 170, of ona of wbich it ia rnmarkad i " nothing can (uo««ed tha lif»r like oxpraaaiua uf ihe original;" (kll far abort of the fldalit/ of imitft* tion aaoribod 0 them in the aooompanying tttsl. ■ It haa boon noted by mom than onn AninriAaa A rohtrolngint aa a aingular fact that no relioa obviouily deaigocd aa idola, orobjncta of worahip, havo boan dug up in tha nii^arid*, or /bund in auoh circum' atancea aa to ounnoct them with the religious pradtioea of the Mound BuiMcH. But the very r«>marknb]o oharnoteriatioa of their etaburatelj ieulpturvd pipea, and the obrioualy important part they ap|)ear to hare played in tha aervicoa accompanying the rit«a of aacriflce or orcmation, and the final ooialruction of the gigantic oarth-pyramida * U la worthgr or note thai tha ol4««to ImmU irutaniUf Mpfaaantwt aaMw ika Mwlptane of tb« Mound Kiilldort, •Im, la m>iii« caam at IrMt, appear to ba thcian of aiilmaU rorrlyn to . -f tiM roaion. 8. R. tha Tbiican (r) " Anrl«nl Monuinaata of the Mlaaiaalppi Vallayi" '%■ lav, pata tto I ttlileh itilirlil ba*« bMin btttar dworttod M a Aavan I Mia Fig. IMk aiaa a I^MMMti liut iniieh iDoru of a traaitloiial than truthful portraitura. tVkta Arehaoloiqrand Prahlatorlo Annalaof HnHland. Paiia Ml, atid Dr. Wlan'a Notaa MBuddhlatOplnlonaandllonumenta. Traiuaetlona of K.I.I. Vol. XXI. I>l«a 180. ITtda Da«unkkmA Um aHiata bf whom itwif w«ff« wfoMifHl. *li lMe«l b> aufiiMt v»ry dtlbrwnl Mwxtl*. liMM Willi Um pt|>« »f th4MM Mi0uml mm%wtm frvin •uoli m n<>« pMUkin u> iM bmilMr dMcmuUnl. Il Ui iiMrHafty Imm npiHMMrf UmI Um «bb«v»l« •toploynMil of iIm Mitlif* •■«• m 11m p4|M> tMftda found — Uw «# ■mokioK WM DO Um unUfm*! ihma Mnong Um M haiM baan Invested with any of thuao singular oonvantionalitiaa obaarvad in tbP bighar latitudM. It praraUod in Houtb Amflrioa and tb« Caribbaan Islanda." Amid tha andlau rariaty wUoli ebanotariaaa tha AmB of th« ancirnt Mound Buildan' pipfta, one ganarml typa ia traceable through th« wbol* " Tbay m* alwayi oarvad from a aingla piaoa, and ooa* ibt «m«««r, nod lh«« mr«, that lh« pIlHituba w on«» of tlia akanii^UHattct of th# modern raca j if m4 diaUttfltiv* of lb* iu>Hh.«rti triboa, tnm lh« TolU>o«n mi<| o(h«r •MMilUli/ diftrtt Mi«i«itt |MN>pU of Ctntral and HoiiUMm Amnrira. * Tk« uan of toboccH). fnim tli<* rarliinrt nraa of whirh ir« aui r«> oorvr a flim|>a#, p«rtain#d to both ■, but lb« pip^.btHid *Muid-a[i|>«ar lo bt liM ainbloiii of tho «ni», wbila tha pi|w.at«m g Ivra oharaot«r to tha aiiigulttr riUw and au|wratilioMa of tb« olh»r. Tha incramatMl pipa-beada of tha anownt niouiid buildara illuatj^t« tha aiwn vhaM aiioh aupcratitiona are moat iutimataly intarwown with all' their aaorad tnjrat«ri«c ^ in onr, though only in on* nm[mt, a aingnlar elaaa of clay pipct^ which bava comn und.>r mjr notice, aoraa with the anniitrit I'Vamplna, and would awm thcrebjr atill further to narrow the an^a, or tho era' of the pi|»e.atein. During the aummer of 1858, I made an eiouraion in company with the Rev. George Ihill, to aome paria of Uoimty Norfolk, Caimda Weat, within a few milna of liake Krie, fo* the pur- poae of exploring certain traoea of the former natirea of the locality. We found ot rorioaa placea along the margina of the amaller atreama, and on the aloping banka of the creeka, apota whera our •kotriticnia / wtM f^arded by diacovenng relica of the rude arte of the Atoriglnea. -l' iftt? "^ I ^r mtftnl ■lano ImpUnivnl*, •n'l • ««NMi(l«mkhl« qtMitltlf i*f pMtory. TW Ml MMMl of Km tlMt r«MmhlMiM tlMf frM|iMtitJ; tMf% Ml Mtf ia maUiftoi, b«l la «Nr««iii«ntolum. to llw anrtwl iKHtofy o# %h» BHtl«h harrwwa. TImi pitton' Art appMr* I0 ha*« (nmh pf«if«iMd lo • §tm% Mtasi, •tfil Willi eo«i*id«r»bt« tklll. by l)i« Mif« Ami br«iuf tit unil<»r tK« nntUw of RumpMiM. A4«tf My« of tb« L'luiotawa Miii ^«lrb«•« lh«l " i\%my Rt«o uitl muuh «lrgMi«« of tbapo, lo M lo m^^imr lo bim lillio Infufior lo lb*l of I'oHo^. Tbo apMiaMPtit found by mo io County Norfolk, and nWwIiwrt ta CmuuIn, WW hMvy Mill iwMirwi, both in in»l»rial Mid worliniuiahi|i, Mid B«itb«r th»m nor thu objiwta now to b** dMcribcd. admit of aujr bm of, w«t« «lno diacovwai MffWii p«|)«-h4«da, mad* of burnt elsjT, and in aoma otamplM orna* montwd, lib* tb« pottmrjr. wHb rodo «b«tron p*tt«ma. and lia«a <^ dbfc>^worb, inpraaaad on th« ni*t«ri«i whilo aoft. Hut wh«t pwt*cular> K atruek in« in thaaa. and nlao in oth«ra of tha aamn typ*. in<'luding aeraral oprciinane found uudar Iha nnit of a larga lrw», at th« Mohawk nmtf on lb« Grand Hi? «r, and pr«a«iit«d lo ma bjr the IimIimi Ohiof and Mifaionary, Iha Ut« P«tor Joom, (Kahkaw^quouaby,) WM tha ffilroRM aaiiMnoit of lb« bowta. int«mally, and tha obvinua oom- p|«H«ncaa of moat of auoh eianiplra aa were p«rf«ot, without any aoparata atom or moath pioeo ; whila U othort netiTadaoy addilioiif il Biiat havo boon a amall quiU, or atraw. Tboy ak onm rwallod to mj niind tb« diaiiuutiTa fioottiah " Fafla PIpoa," and on comparing tbem with aoma of thoao in my poaaoaion, I ftud that in tbo iMiUoal of tha Indian pipaa tho eapaotty ol tha bowl ia erUii 1«m » iif llMab aff aa«ir«4 aoa Ita »y Ummn. •nmtm mM lla*K (a«aa im,> mmimm IH* dliwlMWiH «t Ww aiifl*mt "awia. tl* ImptoMMita. h»w«ar. Im«« pwaUmrt to tlM ntd* aria af prfairiUva iwwita atap^ial •hi*»ft»u<»4«tUi«4h»«MBpta«of Hf tam«pn«twytaHfcaWaHa.lMifa»amaiaMidtafca tiM UaptooMola tar «a*h(nf tiM onMaamlai pattoma •« tiM a«A elar- h HI -^ ■ .•■ - ■-■ m mJI^~^ ¥ "■ ^* -, W P . *■ % ^i- '. - ^B^ ^^^t ^^1 i |i'^'^^'^-' '•>t'" jk.--. , i Ok^^l ■Oil iiiirti Mb^ ^jlM^ !MijWMr'M"iW* |.lr;til-i.f ., ■■^- , ^ ut..Xi^j3BlH '^^'-. •^^ # tm m» kirn wm Wm !.«!< p»r»l*'»7 t-^iiwl !• Ml* MM df iii« llfl«i«iuii «vm Ikiili th« pIpM •ii4 ilm •tmmfnfing p*AUrj Mt^\f 4i9m, m Mr Kmm «M«irM iii«, thm mi; o#I|mi manuf»rtiir«>a »HWrm«^ crnturiw. HumiHi ^Hihiting no ■iK'li •vi.l.nr* m w.iuia Mrmn^ulj ■u«i|«»t • roitiol. Mliquily. mmihr mmm^Im fimnd l«> lh« muIIi oI |),« OrsH Ldu.^ •f« IhH. dmt ta irr»«l abundimfw. ll b rar*. lk«Hrffirtr. thm .ay «.nilr« trM«.|. .« r«% iwr«ml. Tho«i whleh h««« b.>«ii found, m fer th« mmt ptH f«mr4. •h«pMl. with ivund hottom*. «n«l h«viiig little |irMtub«niur#a nrar th« rim. Of ofUnrr « drop groovn, whcrtbjr 4h«.j could b« •mji^nd.-.f A. few «M*« Ufa bf«n known in whi^ this f„rn. wm in«.I.Hrd. .ud th* bottoRM m««l« •uflld«nll; D»t to atMtaia the wtml in an uuHcbl potltlon. ¥r*gtn^,iiM found in T^flWiim County mm to indiJnto thit oceMion«lly thn vr««.|« wfir« inouldfd in form, nearly MUAm b«l With round«il .ngUi.. The u.u.l .i«« wm from ou« I., four quarto I but MMoa »uat Urt wmtoinvd not Iraa Uuin twair* or fuur^ taan qu.rU In rn«r.l tb^ra wm no ait«iDpt »t om.ni»nti but •omctimrii the Pitirrior«of the ptita «nd vm<«« Wfr« «l«bonit«ly if noi to.t«Ailly oro»nM.iit«d with dot. and iine.. which »tmm to h«»o bo^n rorin«d In a Tery ru^ m.nn#r with a p<«nted alicli or .h«r,«aad bona. IkiMw whit> i ■M — V ft I. hi ^ •.M^m^M^h-^-^Si^JUaLa, ^^ ^^^w^^^^'^ww^mn^i^^ M Wktcorui uiAois AMD wnMt/mtow§ '^•f.- Utned in exchange for the products of the ohMo, their own Uborious and imperfect numufaeturea were abandoned.*" ' Bat Juat aa thia rescuing muat unquoationably prove in manj oaaea, it fnila of applica- tion in relation to the abaenco of the potter's art among the Indiana of tliB North West, for the substitutos found for it are of natire mauufaoture, and present a much greater dissimilarity to the pro- ducts of European art; Among the Chinooks, for example, inhabit- ing the tnict of country at the mouth of the Colunibia Biver, th« only .domestic utensils roiiiarkuJ by Mr. Paul Kane, as creditably to their decorative skill were oarred bowls and apoons of horn, and baskets and cooking ressels made of roots and grosa, woven ao oloaely an to servo all purposes of a pitcher in holding and carrying water. In these thoy even boil the salmon which constitutu their principal food. This is done by plaoiig the fish in one of thebaaketa filled with water, into which they throw^red hot stones until the flah ia cook- ed* Mr. Kane observes that he has seen iiah dressed aa expeditions- ly by thia means, aa if boiled in tho ordinary way ht a kettl* ot«c a ■ fire. , ■ ■ .•■■^^ •■'» ■ ■*"- Keeping in view the evidence thus obtained, it will probably bo accepted aa a conjecture not without much probability in its favori that the rude clay pipes rcferre(| to, found alqng with other Canadian relics, and especially with specimens of ftutile ware no longer known to the modem Indian,furniHh examples df the tobacco pipe in uae in the region of the Great Lak<^s when the northern parts of thiii continent first ^^became known to BuropeanA. The, application of the old Inditti potter'a art to the manufacture of tobacoo-pipos Is a well establwhed fact Ancient clay pipes of various types and fortns have been discover- ed and ^eiicribed; and in a "Natural History of Tobacco'* in the Harleian Misoellany.t it is stated that : " the Virginians were observed to have pipes of clay before even the English came there ; and Arom those barbarians wo Europeans have borrowed our mode and fashion of smoking." Bpeoimetj^ of another elasa of olay pipes of a largely sfae, and with a tube^of such length aa obviously to be designed for uae without ihe addition of .a pipe-stem, have also been repeatedly met with, land several firom Canadian localities are in my own poaaeaaion. In the Edinburgh Philoeopbical Journal, February, 1848, Dr. B. W. Bfiwtree desoribea a adrios of discoveries of sepulchral remaini^ ac- compuiied with numerous Indian relica, made in the diatrict to the "\ * andthMmlan OoBtr|buUom. V«LTIII. FSgtlU. t Vol. I.. Bwe SS5- Qttotod in Note* mA '/;.■- ■ ■» Fipea of baked clay of a character more nearly appfiottmuting to tlie ...actilpture of the mounds, ore figured in Messrs. Squier and I' * 4 ■ t 4 1 ' ■ ■ ■ ^ I ■ -5^^ Jjydjl. Plate VIII. nga.aand6. tlord itlDgHborough'i Ucxican Aiitiquitiu. tVtiinlK. tit. 9. Vol IV. PlatMlf, 57 i ^9 Mzy:^'w>?^. I 11 Dlvrii^s worik. In tljp|« of irt, Imiwbiw, Wwy uw gvMiify {dbiori Of two of thoM (Flg«. 70, 77, ]»g» IW,) ifc b ramArked . " Th<7 WM« ploughed up in Tirgiab at a point mmtI/ oppocite tho mouftli ^ of th* Hooking rivar, where there are Abundant traoee of ao •OoIhiI people, in the form of mounde,' embanknionta, Ao. One rapreeente a human head, with a singular head-dreH, oloaeljr reiembUng eome of those worn bj the idola and Mulpturea of Mexioo. The other iw- preeente ■ome animal coiled together, aitd it »s0eui«dteiih agooJtUal qf •pirit.^* The latter remark, howerer, ia ecaroely bom« out bj th* aooomponjring iUuatration, and it seema by no ineana improbable that theae object* furnish apecimeus of the Indian arts of Virginia in tht L. tiroe-of Baleigh. Thejr certainly present no such marked oharfotMw- istioa as to justify their classifioation with the ingenious aonlpturat of the Mcniad Builders. The same remarks apply to eiamples paooured by Scheolorafl, Squier, and other writers ; and among avii^HH be included two day pipes, one of them found in a mound add the other in South Carolina, and both described in tbe^ Monument* of the Mississippi Valley."* Most of the uioient daj pipes that have been discovered are stated to have the same form ; and thia, it may be noted, bears so near a resemblance to that of the rad clay pipe uaad in modem TudKey, with the cherry-tree pipe-stem, that it might be supposed tO have furnished the model.- Tb« bowls of this claaa of ancient day pipes mc^ not of the nuniatuie proportions which induce a comparisou between those of Canada and the early examples found In Britain ; neither do the atone pipe-heads of the Mound Builders, suggest by the size of thA bowl, eitker the self denying economy of the ancient smoker, oc his practise of the modern Indian mode of exhaling the fumes of tho'tobaoco, by which .so small a quantity suffices to produce the full narcotic effeota pf the favorite weed. Thoy would rather seem to confirm the indications derived from other sourced, of an esaential difference between the ancient smoking usages of Central Americf and of the Mound-Bbilders, and those which are still maintained in their < primeval integrity among the Indians of the Nortb Weat. Great variety of form and material distinguiahes the pipes bf the^ modem Indians ; arming in part from the local facilities thej.posseas for a surtable material Yrom which to \)nstruot them ; uid in part also from the special style of art and decoration which has become the, traditional usage of the tribe. The favourite red pipe-stone of the Cauteau de$ Frairiet, hM been generally sought after, both from <. • 8aitlv It is a fine marble, much too hard to admit of minute carving, but taking a high polish. This is QiXb into pipes of graceful form, and made so exjipemely thin, as to be sMtrij transparent, so that when lighted the glowing tobacco shinaa tiurough, and presents a singyibfr appearance when in use at night or •MoBUBMntaof fheMiniMtpi^ydkT. PSB«M7. Fic.lM. ;^ i.,,/?:^ J5^t _, 'ilE.:^^ -ra-j tipmik:. j^v«in)H * .'s»#^'^ V i « VAaoono vpaom ,Ain> iirmatmoiii "s/ • in « dftHf|»^g«.< AnotliM- fifourite matoml etnplnjrod by tb« Aitiaifk boin Iii(]i»r)a ia a omrae •peoimi of JMp«r aIm too hard to ndmit of •!>>»# r«t« ornamentation. Thi» alao J|i mil into »arlou« aimiilu but taatliiMI - • dmitgna, oiAouted ohic^jr by the alow and labofloua pruoeaa of rubbing it down'with other ttOM*^ Tly ohoic* of th« matorial for fk^hiififilnf , tha 'flivourite pipa, it by no maana invariable gnidt'd by th« AioiHtiat frbich »hn l«)OAtion of tho trilw aifordi, A avTtablH atoiin for auoh ' a purpoaa ^nriil bo,,pickad ,up and oarri«)d h>vnoae of ptpa manufacture, although tbey were th«>n r«illy flvu hundrit^ inilua from their lodges. Such n trnditiontil adhurciico to a. choice of material peculiar to a remote aourc^, may frequently prove of eon- atderable ..value aa a due to former migra^ionn of the tribe. \ B»«||h the Croo nnd the Winnebngo^ndiani carve pipes in atone, of '^A form now more frequently metVith in the Indian, ourioajity atorei q{ Canada and the Hiatea than any other apeoiraena< of qatlve curving. ' :Tbe tub9, cut«t a sharp right anglo with the oyliiidriciU'howl of th« pipe, ia ornamented with a thin vandyked ridge, generally perforated with • row of holes, and atanding up somewhat like the dorsal fin st, are l^o Chippe- ■ way jiipes carved by the Indians bordering pn Lake Superior, out of a dark clo8e>graincd stone, easily wrought 8i)d admitting of coqw , •iderable minuteneas of detail. One of thesrf, (Plato II. ,Fig. 2,) TffieasatiDg'aiz and a half inches long, conaisti of,a quadraiigular tube, from which risM- the bowl in- the ehape of a humitr|[ head, mm ««M>t. ' ^ W^intt thl« an liuHim ••••teii on the ground hold* liii h«nd« to «ich gidn of the head, («)lo•«»^^n prupOftiou to htin.) in front ia •nother Inrlmn ai-ftted on « eh»ir, and bef«»rehim vtMids ■ third 'flR«<* nc»tly H'oarvfd out^f the r«d ptjw "tooo, while between thein4i A miniatai* bam) eut fVom n %hlte iton* found chiefly en Ht. Joteph'a Uland. Ati the flRUTM ••«' well proportionf«*i «it>«l otrr^ with nonai lorft1)le miniitenoen of ■d«>i«ift Homo orthe dotttiU in thia ex»inpii*— the clwir «nd thwhwrrel,— aiV obyiously h«yn)wed from fcufwpeen mmleU. but the geiieml deiilgn ia ^re^ ludlun ; the flgurea are litifther com- pleted with native head 4re8«»a of .fnathi^ra. aqd the whole conception jujd cxfcution well illustrate tbt yfttM ttyNiy^K ^'T*'!!*^*** tUborate Chipp«)WBjr pipe •oulptuioa. • j ,. , jy. . • . One of the moat celebrated of thefe Indwn 0|» eculpton U fabahmetad, or th«,FHcr, nn old Chipi^wny tfiM Hvfeg ou tho Oren^ Maaitotianin Thiand In.Lnko lVv»'»n,;- but more generally known «• FiMAyiiwfAa:. the. Pip.». Maker,- Hkrally « he makoe pipea." Though , brou^ht in dontact 'H^ tfite ChriatUn Indiaiw of the MahininwahHi»if, or. ^Iimitoulin laliinda.Dif, O'^fcani informa m'e that he rtfaolutely Bil- herea to the* pagan ereed and ritea of hi* fathera, aiid i-eaiata all tlio jfciicronchrp'enta of oiviliaition.. Uia nwtoriala aro the mmhkuhdaT pt^b!/UH^hhe0^,,o/ black pipe-wtorii of linke Huron, the «•«»**- ;MAiA^«»«ii^ftwJb,;or wllite'pjpe-atdne.'prociiri'd on St. Joaeph'a Inlaiid, and tho* miMkoj^pahg^ndhiiicJli, or red Vip*-**-®"" «' *^« Coutenu de ; f ralrica. His aaw. with which, the atone ia first roughl.^ bUickcd out, '0i» i^nde by himself qui of a bit of iron- hoop, and \(\* other tools are <»rre8p"ondingly rude4- neVort]|»ei*i»B.the.workmftnBf>ip of Pabahmttad .»b<>W8 hiip to be. o piittie* o^ hia art. Ohe:of the sBOcimena orhis •kill flap 6eeri, deposited by Br O'Menra In tho museum of Trinity Co|Iego, Dublip/which,, from the description I have rtJceived, appears . ^. correspond, vpry ^los^jly to tjje example figured on plate II. • Another of the Cbippeway blacV-atone "pipe* in Mr. Allan's coUcC* tlon is ajsquare tube terminating in ft horae'ehead, turned back, so as to be attached by its noseio th6 bowl of tho pipe, and on the longer : aide of the tube two figured are. seated, one behind the other, 6n the grouAdt with tlieir knees Wn* «Pi andlooking towatda the i)ipe bowl. » jl^ dMTerent spetiime'd of the Chieppeway pipe, brought from the ndrtb-west by Mr., Kane, is made from the foot of- a red deer's horn,' inlaid with lead, aa iia tho red pipe-stone and limestone pipe« al- r ready '«)fetr«d"to at mada by the Chippewaya, the Wiqn^bagos, and^ ■-'the^Siotixfc. ■■;%'-: '.-w'' .' ■ ' ■ : . . ■•■■ Bulj tKe moat remarkable -ef all the ■j>eotmeiii of pipe aculpture «<^ % n VAWWtW VtAAM k9» •bMMtlTIOat .'*• I I - WMolU bj kk« IndiaM oT Hi* aerth-WMH •»• tboM Mr? «! by lh« BabMtt. or Mf-lif lmikn»i m «aU«d Aom Ite •ioftikr of tbe Ctalara Indiani oocUp7* iOK the noigMbouring Vancouver'a lalandi areoanred with the utmoat •labonteneiNi, and in the moat atu|{uUr »i^d grotea^ue devieei^ron ■ •-Boft blue olajatoDO or alate. • •'' ".;;.>'■ 'fV;V '■■■••:••/'' .•■•- ••',:a' -y.' :; Their form ia jn part determined by the material, #hioh ie oni/ proourable in thin elaba ;» ao that the aculpturea, wrought on both ' aidea, preaent a aort of double baa-relief. From thia^ aingular and froteaque groupa are carved». without any apporent referenoe ^ the final destinatinn of the whole M a pipe. The lower aide ia gen^Hlly a atraight line, and iu tbe apeuim^na I bare examined they meaauru from two or three, to fifuwu iiiobea loag ; ao that in Iheae tbe pttie-atem la included. A anull hollow ia carved out of aoiae protrudinpierna- ment to aerve aa the bo#l of the pjpe. and from the AllffiF end a perforation ia dfiUed tooonneot with thia. The only addition made to it when iu uae ia the inaertion of a quill or atraw'ae • mouth piece. . pneof theae abewn on Plate II., Fig. I., ia from a drawing made by Mr. Kane, during hia reaidenoe aolang tbe Babeen Indinna; Tbe original meaaured aeven inohea long. Plate lit, ia espied from one of the largeat and moat elaborate of the apeoimena brought, baqk y/rith him; it meaaiurea nearly fifkeeu inohee Iqiqgi and aiippUiM. « . highly ohanicteriatto ezaaplo of Babeen art. * i: w„. * Meaan. Squier and Davie oonclude their remarka on the aoulp* torea of the mounda, by obaenring : "It ia unneceaaM/ to aay moi« than that, oa worka of wt, they are imdieaanrsbly beyond anirtbiiig jirbiob the North Amerioan Indiana are kiiown to produee, eren at thia dftyi with all the euggeationa of European art, and the ndran- tagea afforded by ateel tnatmmenta. The Ohinqnka, and the Tn.^fl^,^, 1 J Or * ^^ K ..- \ r. '- ; ■ ■ ) "\ • \ ' .. \. "; • ■ 'fT I- i ' ' ■.■-■■ ^ • ■ ■ --: .'^ •'-+1.- ■ ,■ -4 ' > ..' / '. '" ♦ . ■' ■ ■'t , ■ ■ ■'-.■• .' ■' '■' •5 ^ .J, » \ . ' ' i ^ > y • '] ^iL li • > 1 4 -Wr g# 1^ Mf^^VVilMV ••••It ••'*• P'y*** p**""^* *** ^^^ MMMIMIb* I . . . TM ulm«rt linn ••« U «i4 ul •^'•'JJJ |k«7 •»• •t«W«l«, unm#«»»nf •W*iM». «i'-P'«l">f ••^ "v**!! U.«.n«"r A »««». l.»il»»r r...^ «« ^ «»»"«*f ^,,J^* "°*"^' --fliniiijfiifir iMipwiMMi w«i tiw ifit •! »fc» M^^ *^ ^ 11 ui4 III )«i»Am to .h«*.'«i tMu^-txHi- d««« <■'««» »»»• •«•"»«"•• ti(itt of .ptctmrn. .try il.ff.mil fr«m lb.- -Hah li««« bi^ii bcugM fVoB, lU .-..• UH«lilu». or iil.tlii»UKi l« »b. b.od. ol Ik. Milff Mttlplor., mA ob»tou«l, w«.Miul« th« lr«« Ulu«lr«tum. of l..a-^» .kill .nd »rti.l.« a«l|tn. I» .d.l'*i"» l^" »»»«-. h.mr«r. amoug U« varied «>olli«tio« uf l..di.n r*l.o« brtjugbl by Mr. lUii. froti. Ul« „.KtH-wM»t c««t. U.«n. i-uw uf lb. ingltiDtt* .i.»ipi«« jf MniUUti* •kUt r«f«rml .« by Mr. Ssuiw. •hioh w« pmcur** «» ^•"'^"'•;' , Itiaiid. Bui wliUe titw •iliibita •*ia*m'« of lh» itm* iiiuirm 4«ttiiritT M lh« oth«r cwniig. lo ilw blue pipii-«l«t« of ih« CUbm «nd U«b«*.i In«l«««. »t !»'•-*•»»• »»»• ""«* '*'»'""« *"•*'"' *" '75 .Itk. In d^iigii M.d .tyU .f art. It Km . fHf^ bowl. im.tM^ from th*t of • oomwoti cUy pip#. •«•« i-d,.con»M with twl.l«d rop«. IMTt of « •l.ip'« bulkhod, .nd other object*- mclud.ii|| «•« tb« Lid of . «rew.»llil. •» ^M'**''^ ^"»'''*' *• '^^ **"* •'"'*! "*• ^T^ ,ttm«t«d th# ey« of »h. iittiv. »rti.t from tbeir uoirelly. Very dUr«rent from tbU ar. tb* g«nuin. u»ti»e p.|>«.. They -n. comp.««d tfviriedand eUboml* de»icee. iucludiuR human fl||ur«.. •«»• «t iliem wUk bifdi' and bewt.' h.-«de, wd f.«q.«nUy pr»-t«tittr_MI' •idertble .ccttnM.y of ImitOire .kUl. The frog It • f.rour*!. .ubj«rt. l.p(«Mnt.d i«.«rdly of th. -me .lie m th« ^compwiyiaf hum-. Jure, but llith • ».ry .pirited ..id bfe-lik. vri.i«.ktud.. In -»«... of the Urgw pipe*, the «uUre group preeenU much of the grote^juo e«uk.r.m5« of f««»cj. "'"»«»«*l •i^^' •'"'^'^'^"* borrowed d«i« fn>m nmtuw. which .uiiMitute the c'...rm of the Gothic tccle.«.t.c« ^ulptttfM of the thirteeuth century. The ftfure. we grouped Jigjkber in the od«Ut T.rie^. of poetun., and inge«iou»l;jnterUicad^ • MonttWMH oTllH MkMlMlpet V»»^. p. m ,•* I * "^ ^-3^BIE/~ |-i|i--^';^p'^wq^p^g#gt ^jWLWu I. ■- t ^. I ||^«ir«ftMl. aa M to g<«n grti*l Ufhln*«« of «|p(»miriinlilN«iNi toi tH«i p«e«IW atrf* .if •♦H»i»nl M»ii«>*ii Arl. !lu«4i „, , . „ ^- ffitliftl^ ff MiSliMl • „ i^viitflifirtWiAa i« inollMir (iirr«<« inn H«v« ilMHMd m* lo ««l(»|>l ttjffwt>»» i»f "ttnh tKan lfco«» f«nrr»Hy ••! f"rtH b» Ain<«H*«n i>lhtlf)t"eUta. n«ntl In th« •iml^Mi moim4», WiHiW hn\f tt«(M ik> k'«« wailAw »n4 ■dtuirfttum Umw 7-9lt/^*0Htm' <• Mnothfr e«)n«lu «{•>», of morn gfiivnil •pptti'X)^. •iiirffMt«4 to m* hf th^«# H«h.>#n (i««l|)turi». Tlwy »r« d«'»«rviiw| ©f ■pwidl QonaictvhUion, from illii>itfili«((, in •omw rt«{»M}t4, lli« ]«•! metKnrf of iiidnetivv hl«l«ry, m •l»ri¥«l fiwiw wnownl Mtc*. Strwck with ih« diicrrpinnjr whloh rwry ctftfiJ InvwIlgtUor of the $u\i^ct muat m.tlc b«»tww.n tlm ••UtirtfiUi art of ii« fln#f wtilpturen, nd Mppcialiy thf pljHS hritia . f the inoundi, «nd miy oihur trtwn «f th« ■kill nnd civlH««ti..tt of tMr bttttdM*. Mf. lUvi'n •wmn»t,A fordgn origin ^>r «ll •urh •cul|»tur»*, whtt« oth^r* Hnw iiiferfd from «1miii • nmtvrt clyillMtion it thw \fl«*lMl|>|)l'»ii»d Ohio V*ll«yii. c-.Jire*. ponding Iti ftll re«p««t« to thrw iiulatttl ei«ini»l«5« of art ; jtMt M^ from • rudo but Kf«<«*ftil tJrti-k r«**, w« cin Infer the tint« of a CiiUI«r«t#« or A Phldiiw. But It !■ Important io n»U', that while ih« Bsbctn aculptor puriiti^ a pifr# of pipfl-carviriR •«» f.|«bor«t« and Ingi'nIoaB a* Jn^tly to *»ielto our wonder and admiratioii. it fiiriiiiib«« no tMt «f hia gwneml progreaa In irta or oitlHiiitlon, for, on the con. ^mf, h» b ruder and mor* lifdlfforpnt to the refln^mpnta (»f dre#i ill ii alii III tbin mnny Indian tribei who produce noauch HjK»«iill ffMipfca of Ingenloua akill. J*ome of the conclualona whi«h auch fccta tUHKat will, I au*pect, be found applicable to not a few of the .»!••«■ myiiiinwi k '«fl «|»u»impj%- ^ ;._^; ._^ . "^ wL wrlpiHHl up i« it. «--iug. IH, pip..*.« « «.»«HJ .-^rU^ tiJlT -^-"^ J@&«»t»> »» hi* h«-*'i->h«> '^'^^"^ >*«*'' °"^ °^ •biA M Ukm hi. fS But though th« «i.r»a pip««-l«w « .l-oH 2Lw.d i b. ^'^^ i« th* pr«..uct of . wom.«. "a .hould on. .^ ^o..ij bn rMiofirSy . t.ai.«. "renumy a.,M;-«i J" r*^ «ti« .til •llircU and to prop.t.«t« ih« m.alf d .plril. " «- "TJ ^ Zwed l« f.U to th* gronad. wh«th«r d...g«.aiy or from ««. J«t.U ;lonU« b.va io b« gono through bofor. it «* --^f^^ '-*• former f.vouf mid brneH.«nt u,rtu..K.«. Mr. k.0. •-^'•*»' * J***"! C«i h.lf.b«,*d who coolVM-d to hi« thi. 4tt • ■pini of d,rmg -rtnn'--- h» had on** .^Jf^tlf thrown down the mcAictM P>l>«*iK IIdk«k«l it .bout, but .atoin beareni, whoM rlfbta and privilegM pM* for the time being io the chief. WhMi't' ev«r be oonM to an euMmpment he oal'a on the braTM to aaMmbl% telle them be ia getting up a war pftrty, recount* to them th« unavenged wrong* uf the tribe, recalla the namM ot thoM alain in ~~~ fomier fenda with the Blaokfee^ and appMla to them to join him in rwreagiaf tbeir dentlv Tbroaghout ■nob an oration tbaleara itreaW down ftlMobM'kf of the eioited orator, and thia ia styled ** crying fbr war>" On Miob ocouiona the medicine pipe-itoma are not tincoTered» bal Mr. Kaat having pomaded the Cree Chief to ait for bia por»' trait, be iritaeosed the eentinony of "opening the medidno ptpi hto war-paint, and 'holding in bia band the medicida pipe-steai^" .elaboMlely adorned wdth the bead and plumM of an Mgle. Ia tbo grave ceremony of opening the medicina pipO'iftenl, fbii GraM make uM of a novel addition to the tobacco. It ia pirocur^ firom Iba Imtm or f&nm of a apeciM of cedar or spruM, which, when - dried and burnt, yidds a very pleasing firagranM. A baadftil of tliia WM thrown on the Are in the middle of the room, and flUed it wttdi tba fragrant smoke, and some of the same wm sprinkled on Iba top of tba tobacco each time one of the medicine pipe-ateinl Ifii . uaad. iiMm-W':----*^l'''--'' ■■:'■'"'■ ..;«""'■ ^^'■^•^;;*^r---i^•■^^-.•v-;^;''■f^^ AU tliii Mftwmia}, a»Nbe fMenltoF MUe^ alia^beA «s Uti t#i- stanvapaft from the pipe, are iiycial obaraetoriatim iCthe Be^ India* of tha Kotth WmI, of which no traM ia apnarnit In the stngolar ■aiaoriala of the anoiirot Mound Builders, or |iii tba sculp- i: -:%;. ^1 - *W!B(***- '(Vf.- ' ■ ■■ r* % ( . iv tarn «b» A«» wwH ZiX-rfTSi Ei«r»««^*» im* work it ta d««tott ^ rrUi^qM«aldi««*«yAiHwhW» WW^**"*-!"^ . ' l.„rtiiii In ^^^ IV, -pUt. 17. of • iirt.. oopkKl fto- • ^^ •• • W-aTiffio* to hi- hM»4 • pWn wWto pipo, tlto^ roftwo* *• M ooiMWIml of th« form of tho Urg«r oUy pipM found in CviMk and in tho Stale of N«M York, aid Irom the bowl ri.ee yellow iunee. On plete 67 of ibe Mune Tobme, copied from • II«xiomi , * pnintinit in the Borgiui Mateum. in the College of the Prop.g«nd» iT Borne mey be «M>n enother figure, holding whet teems ■ imell oler tobilcoo pipe. fW)m whence imoke proeeede. One or two othet pkiuiee epiKjer to repreeent figure, putting the green tob«»o leeV or MB« oth«r leef. into the pipe, if indeed the m.trum«i.t held u^ the h.nd be not rether « Ule or peter.- But wy iuch Ulu.tr.tion. M« rue. end wmewhit unoertmn i end it .ppeer. to be undoubted thai the tobiMsco pipe wm not inreeted in Centrd Americ with .ny of thoee .InguUr «d liMsred .fctribut«i. which we mart belier. to have .ttaohed to it wnong the .noient Mound Builder, of tbf lli.eiMippiV.Uey; end which under other, .nd no Iom peculiar *» forme. Je reverently m.iotmned mnong the n^tire tnbe. of th« North- Weet, oonrti^jiting one of the moet chw.cteri.tio peoulwntiee of the Americmi rfxiriginee, ud onf weU deeerring of thf owefW (tody of the EthnoSogirt. , , / v' , * - ' Aieumiogite.ftfeot,demon.tr.tedby • rwiety of independent vvidenoe tb»t thy»ing»i«* P'*"*"* "^ ■'°"*'^'°* nwcotic originated Mnong the niJtite tribe, of America, and wm communicated for the ftrafc^imeto the Old World, efter it. diwsovery by Columbue, it Sl^ea • eubjeot well worthy of conmderetion how rapid and uBiTereel wa. the diflHieion of thi. cu.tom throughout the world. Not only bare Bui^ end Aria, in Uter time.. di.puted with America the origi« tbi. luxurioua iMrcotio ert ; b«t teaTeltorj who return from tbemyrteriou. tropw.1 centre pf old AlHc find tb«^ in Kke mmmer. th* nee of the tob«>oo Jripe, among tribe, to wkom the right of the flret white man i. .trange and reptilrire. Suoh facta era worthy of tery cawftil oonrideration by the Bthnologwt. They prorehow fallaciou. i.th»t mode of reiK^iing. which, m treat- lig of the MAural hiitory of mw. take, no account of the predomi- natiDg ininence. of i«Mon, intellect, and experience, m maniferted •tea emonf tkorudert Mtaget » end leekt to epply thd wnt liw to »• H $,-■ iJ • (1 -m ■ yli ' .ij ■:^*T*r?is i'ra'Jn^ii*<<=Mffaiii I ML * m* a t,' r t^ ' ■ ■ •■■■■ ^^Bm<" Is. ^^^^^^Bl . ^ ., ^^^^^H.'. ■■ ^^^^^^^L ■r ^^^^^^B% -^^^^^ ^^^B Vv^' ' If., ^^^B llld" o ^P^ % «ki«^ IW ilOMBfll* of • MflMlt fit illMliM Mf k« with «hi«ft Ui» AwlMiologwl M tm0m w tlMlPMi- ^^^ ^qiitotljr (Mppana, Indaad, thai thoaa who lodalga loo IWmI/ in Mi «■» of ihto platit Mi alfoatad by dia^aaa af tfca t»r*ia. ■■-%.,-.;• ■•. _,"Tka ««inar In whlah th« Hlir-D««M«»i«*»lt*Wlaly diffanat from HInMi MttWMliaw. or Uhrtaliaa. loolffarl ol aimply liibaling ttia awoka, imi tliaa imaiP^ diataly IttUng It aacape, olthar Uy tho iivMiih or nortill, »hay awallow it d«liba?' atoly. Tho proeoaa la too tiagular to bo pa^aod o»ar without notloo. A amall qaaniity of wator hi put Into » larga horp.— uaually of a Ki M \ ■ »?F?fpr^ fc<^^^fc4ifei * Of wua " commonly abu^d,", in the early p«rt of the aerentcenth centurj' <1021) in only explicable by auoh modea of partdking of it aa atill prcvoil among aavage tribea, for MMuraely eren tho groaaent exceaaea of the modern •ntokernnd oh«w«r woffld admit of auoh terma of donuQcintion. ' i -The growing aiie of the tobaeco pipe, oa it approachen the em of tlb« BeTolution, indicatea tho introduction of a -oontemporaneoua nicotian revolution alao, which adapted the pipe of the luaiWI ^medicfiie-num to the philoaophical reyerioa of an ^gU«b Newton) nnd within a century from Zacharie Boyd's aaaocia^|^f tobwsoo . with the diaripation of " The wine pint," enabled tUmff^ »ithor ' of the " Goapel Sonnet*," to superadd to these hil *♦ Smoking Spiritualiied : inserted ai a proper subject of meditation to amokera of TobMOO ; the ftrat part being an Old Meditation upon smoking Tobaoflp ; fnd the aecond a new addition to it. or Improremont of it."* In lb " improvement " of his text tho grave divine indulges in nicotian aimilee, such as, IVom leaa reverent hiAds, would seem p>obn«4 compviog the " nttighty foreign weed •* to " the pbnt of gMit nnown," to •• Jesieli flower "and *• Shwxnf a Rose !" and .•■" .it ^ «r IplritiMa Botyi In ri« yta, iwnwnilm Cwaitoii w>A B I VAWI0M9 WM«n AN» ■VfMStlVluM* ^ TIm wnok*. like Iramfait ;' lo davoul pray«r » ul\ y/ 4 itife- m V «,S ^ . ~^. •j^ .,*.■• 'J. w. * u It' of « - «v ^ oiA Aa> m 4a< wkM IM pip* |n«« «Ml «4iU% ▲U tf Om art I llwt w* WrfltMliM. . • Iby l^a M f«» UiM Mill h> mind, ^ Thai anm dvat ^^ I <&tlttrn (ho* mul t ^^ >• , Th«* think. Ilwn dHnk toUM^ 'K^' ,'.j^- ,^ j^orilM fowgol«»g p«j|M *•"» dfit^y tfc«wr« <*i»^ Hi* Qiitkmi Qfcwixr, of June «th. IW7, r«Mdli«d me, with th* toWow l«f i^M of proewdiiigt tt a mortlni; of tho Society of Antiqu«rl«; of NewflMtle-on-T/ne. It may rery fitly be appeuded m • oot« to thk tlwtoh, M lOfflciqg t«i eliojr the Uteet riewe of my friend. Dr. Brttoi, on kh» •utiquUy of pipoe and tobacco. It will be aeen thai IM etiU ipeake of the miniature Elfin pipee aa m*ii«tal ; but suba^) ~i|Mit renarkt aecm to indicate that by thia tens he mcana th|» era If QoMii Bliiabeth, If not indeed that of tho Be»olution, though ' itlthA-of them ^wouldbo generally reoogniH •• |»«»U^nf to tbt profinio of thi medwrai buiiorian. 'V • , ' • •^'Dr Braee laW. wImu the olrwUr ooiiT«nlo| tkn iu««thig wm \m»*A, tli«ffe, «M no pap« In proip*)t, nod h. had therafore writtan a ahort ooa, not >"'Wp«»g : the maay lalereatiac commuoloaUona which hat to flud rauialua of • tliiw. long aiitarior to th« of ffir W»lUf Balaiah. To tbia auWaot hU attanUoo bad baan turned. witWn tbo laat Si da,.. hT^^-r raaalrad yihaTraMurar (Mr. Paawlok) from a-«tqjd . mUdt D«.W Wilson, of mto. Tha Doctor wn>U .-' What «y. Dr. ^>!I«no thaRoMM. tobaeao-pl'p«i now! TalH.im !»"'• 8^ * ^^'^ «» P»"J " •Ilk hiM far thai.* iMtqootad from hla ppgea, and baM raaponalbia lor maaa ilttllal at-r tbaogbi -Od. of maaut lo .ay. Lat hknlook^t fcr» «l«^, fromAalandof tobaooo.' Tha Waago referred |o. In hla (Dr. Bruaa a) aaoond -ditiSwTrba RomM. Wail.' h«l. eurloualy endugb. and taaaUoualy rfnoogh, been -Eraqaot^l aad tnmal«atoarbapa. than auy othar Jt aakad if amoklng plpa. JS Si n,inb«^ ^^JK^ romalna-^l^b Plift'llltiri^ , ,«hmof plta.y^dl««.rfoo.. wllh '"'•""••''•'••»»t^'***'lJiS^; !^^ •IMioaaiadoaa aaaoaiaiioh with ramaina of undoaU«f^uu«i ojtoln.'^r. Wllaon ;«M^ whara. in U. Arahmokgr ^ ai«fd. «- -P-k- of ,.yit the aoppoiittoo that toba«« wap ooiy latred«»d a. a auperior aohaJitoU p foTadara^feoliaa Dr.BfW»p^n^m»ralapaaMa«»»r^«.»»^J»«Hdaf w ■'ySs . )*. ;^. I ^ -t '^UL..^.^^ of (li Wail li |. li W , _„ ll«, ill 'f-nti * No U'kMi of W' r I •t.- ■UB.MDr. „ ^ -.^, - K«-»«n »*M«p f»»« "^ ' . Pfjt OMOMaWMI fai d«i*« ^ry l»wl to uUjlS ^f^ l*^» ^•-* *•» ?»»•: T ^ , I bMtW^oM of Boy** •» l^""**^ ; •"«> •« "th.rp.rtt of IflMd whor* WUUani ' ^ r ':!' £SiiS^g5C»pM»^'tN ft"* *•»•». '- »»»• ""^ "^ **'*^ mi-«b-i* ,mH .r * 55^ ;;j^.| ^^l^i Iut«Sii»»ho ««.«», .nJ U«a.lo«ft.rtlin-. lh««M*l» V' '^ hdul*»d in th. ..iHttaM j„.tt,^\i| •nioUng tob««.s wer. .i-wrtiiiMd. U bujtaf Sm. th.! Ik. waa ptp..-tb. f#Vp~-t»" *>«»«' p4^-5"»* >«,»fe','" * j ^ MUM wUforjr Willi- tpjmf^* < V » » « . ^ I *1 ]\\ « Al tht ooodu Jon ol A« pfP*«3r. B- Bpo-r .UU.! thtt h« had .Mi. tarMJ «p. .V .' *fc M'^ op«r«Uoot. huttdr«li of pip.. t«|jhliw, HmUw IhM M^ oC »M« «« M ^ ftomthii U»pp«« th^ Wio lo«m«d nuthor of "MiloMMi ■ WaiW* no Jongrt •atof4fi*0 hi. mur«I Legioowy tlw luxury of • ptp^i and the d»Moe of tilt Venerable olMtic iuititiition muft be rwigned to th« mere chi? tlrow »rch»obgi*U of the Continent, Md ••peeiaUy to the Autiqu^ of Antwerp, where BWln tobeoeo^Jpj* .•restiU exhiblt«»d •■ BiamWa relloe; and Mnoug whom, i*t *N|», ■tUl turrivee tome eoUatwal descendant of the venerable and peali?- worthy AMobrand OlBenbuck, the happy progenitor of thf Uird of Ifonkbaros ! Vh' f^. Jfr nurnm at "it* fbim of ^m blBION. PftlMTBlP ttaaat, xoaoiTfK . J . ni"-^'--:-. ■mmw%'T \ m- -« ^ ^--Asl^ u t.v ^'ftl -m 1 \ - ■ * J.f- ■. i # ■ *•■ ... a ■■i# - • / ^^ <«M^ .. 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