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The following diagrar^s illustrate the method: . ■ J^* .|(.es certes, planchea, tablaaux, ate, pauvant Atra '^ilm^s A des taux de reduction diffAranta. Lorsque le document est trop grond pour dtre ^ reproduit en un seui clichi&, 11 est fiimi A partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant la nombra d'images n6cessaira. I.ea diagrammaa auivants iiiustrent la mithoda. .32X' V ■ -1 .'■■- 2 3 V 1 2 T 3 4 5 6 m-. '/ .) ■fls TORONTO PUBUC LIBRARIES ,"x REFERENCE \ LffiRARY C / i., BY FOLLOWING WHICH, CANADIAN tII^STLES CAN BE DESTROYED, POTATOBS ?b6!)bRVED FROM THE aOT, WIRE-WORMS KILLED,\ PBAS IKEPT FREE FROM BUGS & WORi^^HdtES;y , WITH OTHER A BY LEONARB G. JONE A Practical Farmer 4nd Gardener. DUNDAS, CW, PftXMTED AT THK WARDER OFFICE, KDXQ STRSBTy \ " . ^ 1863. - C-'N^'b'b'r? :\H] 'V 4 * " Lntereo, accordinor to Act of Congress, in the year 1863. by Leonard G. Jones, in the ClerkV Office of the District Court of the Northern District of New York. ; Entered, according to Act of the Provincial Legis- lature, in the year One Tiiousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-three, by Leonard G. Jones, in the Of- fice of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. i •. I 'I * " k INTRODUCTION. In offering this littlo treatise to the Public, the Author does so in the fullest confidence that it will be found to contain much valuable information to all persons engaged in Agricultural, Horticultural, . or Floral pursuits. It is the result of sixteen years' experience, toil, and study, and the various methods have all been proved on repeated occasions. Its main, leading features are ; the modes pre- scribed for DESTROYING TIHSTLES, which, of itSClf, is of sufficient importance to warrant this present publication ; the well-tried plan for aestroying wire- worms; an improved method of cultivating potatoes, BO that the produce shall be sound, and fre» ixom disease; and a mode of cultivating peal^, by which means they^may bg saved from that most commo|^ of defects-worm holes. For further evidence of the truth of these assertions, the reader is most respectfully referred to the accompanying concur- rent testimony of gentlemen who have had oppor- tumties of judging for themselves. / The AuTHoi. r... # .. i f • ° ■? . ' J4 **■;"!« ) Sf-^ ,"« *\ CEETIFICATE DtmDAs, C. W., Pecombcr, 1852. We, tho undorsignod, fiavo witnossod thfi good effects of Mr. Leonard G. Jones* modo of cultivating peas, potatooB) onions, cabbages, &c.^and have much pleasure in bearing witness to his success; as also, of the complete manner in which ho Iftis succeeded in destroying patches of Canadian thistles, on his farm, near this town. . Jas. Colzmkv, Mayor, Thos. H. AIgKenzic. , Jas. B. Ewart. \ Wm. Notman, Barriiiter, / Abner Whitney. s. overfield. S. I. Jones, Editor and Proprietor . o/the^iDundatfFarder." ' 'm \ ■ % 1 f'h- *■ CONTENTS. PAOB. 7 ^Introduction,,...... Method for proving and preparing seeds before planting.. 9 On the importance of procuring good seedVaiid hints respecting imported seed 10 How to procure thei'b^t of seeds of aU kinds! ] 10 Hints on raising Oiiiohs....,..,.^. Improved method of keeping cabbage ^laiite from the fly....... Hints on transplanting. ............ To destroy tho worm in cabbage stalks.... ." To prevent the ravages of the black or ^y gnib. ....... ...___ j^o To destroy the green insects on cabbages. .... le To prevent the growth of « long-shanks*' . le Sure method of saving potatoes from the rit ' 17 Warty potatoes^the prejudice against them unfounded ttow to raise large carrots^ beets, &c 20 How to raise early radishes free from the worm..,. II 14 14 15 15 To zaise radishes in the open air. .. 21 — r ■ / ■ ■• > ■ ■ ' t , ■ . ; r • ■ . : ' ■ ■ . 9 CONTENTS. • ■ . PAOl. The turnip fly — ^how to keep them off tho plants --J — ,-- - 21 To grow peas free from tho bug. --..--.-..-- 23 An easy method of destroying the green insects « on house or green^house - plants - - - 23 How to destroy wire-worms. , J. .-..-----; 24 On planting flowers. ^ ... : - . - . , , --- ^ «-- - - * ; i 28 On colouring tulips, &c. ..-.. .-•--- . — 29 On keeping orange and lemon trees free from ' insects .-...- ^ -.-----.-»- - — 30 TDo keep potatoes in cellars or pits, free from rot v.. .-...--......-...-.-.------ -30 On raising and managing gooseberry trees.- -. 31 On the management of strawberries. : 32 To secure good flowers on dah^lia plants. .... 33 To prevent the ravages of the bug on meloii and cucumber plants. . . . . ...... 33 . To destroy thistles, or other noxious weeds, either in beds or otherwise. -----..-..-- 34 How to generate new kinds of potatctes-ji . . - 36 How to manage house and green-houso plants during winter. - -..--*..--.------ > - 37 Another method. . . . . . ... i ....'...••--•••- • 38 ( Hot beds.. ..-V... -..::.... — ..-- — -..--3© Omameiited box-hedges. . .............. .^ . ^ "^ 1 1 .. ^ J'- ^' GARDENING > »'^ MADE EASY. -(NA/v/vy" i How to Prove and Prepare Seeds, befort Planting. • Take a small piece of white rag and tie about half a thimbleful of the seed intended to be proved, of any kind, such as onions, leeks, &c., and boil them twenty minutes. If they are good, they will sprout from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch. Turnips, cabbage, carrots, or any other kinds of good seed, will swell and burst the skin, more qr less, and sprout a little. The seed that Mil not stand this ordeal, should not be used. The far-, mer had better put in grain or other crop, than ' lose ^is labour, by sowing sucTi6eed.--All seeds should be put in cold rain water ovei^ night, before sowing; it will soften the skin of the- seed, and hasten the growth of the crop by some two or three «,; ■1, 10 FARMINO AND GARDENING >: .weeks, than if the seed had not been so prepared. Also, all Spring grain should be put into cold rain water as before mentioned. In case of the Spring proving dry (as is not unfrequently the case) it would prove to be of the utmost advantage to the farmer. I have done the like, for the last fitfeen or sixteen yeara^aiid have always found it to answer well. U On the importance of j>rocuring Good Seedy and Hints respecting Imported r Seed. ■'-'■* ■ . *■ - " ,■■■■'■■ Seeds • when imported from foreign countries, should be put into tin or other air-tight boxes, and hermetically sealed. Seed merchants here should be careful that this is done,— it would prove to be of great benefit to the public. I have known in- stances where seeds have laid in larg^ seed estab*- lishments in England, for upwards of five years, and then sent off to America. Care shbuld ever be taken to procure good, new, bright seed, particu- larly when imported from abroad. How to Procure the best of Seed, of various kinds. When you set off your plants for seeding, such, as cabbages, turnips, beets, &c., care should be takeA i I v:'\v ■J h XA0E EAST. n ^ to manure the ground well, with good, sliort, rotten manure; set them out in a damp, shad^r place, if possible, BO that the sun* will not have too much power on them. When they come in blossom, cut out the middle stalk low enough to leave flye or six branches stand on the sides of the stalk below. The seed will be plump, full, and true. At the time when pnions and leeks are in blossom, one-third of the middle portion of the blossom should be cut out, and the same operation should be performed on all kinds of blossoming vegetables. This is the way to procure true heads of cabbage and true bulbs to turnips. I have raised from two to three acres of seeds for sixteen years consecutively, of various kinds. I would advise farmers and gar- deners to take out a portion of the blossom of every kind of vegetation when set off for seed. Hints on liaising Onions. Prepare your ground in the fall of the year, just before the frost sets in. Bow at that time at the rate of six or eight bushels of salt to the acre ; such as has been used for curing meat or fish will answer, but if piclsle be used, do so at tho rate of one qukrt to the square foot. Salt of this kind, or pickle, can be procured at the provision stores, for about two- thirds less than good barrel salt will cost. It will kill hundreds of weeds and otliei' noxious roots. I PARMINO AND GARDENlNa The manure should nofc be put on before thd spring. During the winter, your manure jahould be prepared. Use such as hog-pen, chicken, horse, slaughter-house, horn-shavings, woollen rags, malt screenings, and refuse hops from the brewery, or cow dung. Mix any or all of these together, and you will have excellent manure. A little frost will not hurt black seed, so that you should sow as soon as the ground is open in the spring. Put out your ;manure, and level it all o^ver the ground, about two inches thick. Then take a shovel, turn the manure under with about one inch of soil on the top of it. Take a lipe and make a mark or furrow from half an inch to^ an inch deep. All vegetables should be sowed in drills or rows. Sow the Seed in the fur- rows and cover it lightly with the hand or the back of the sfiovel. When lumber can be conveniently procured, it should be used, as great advantages result from keeping the ground moist, and retain- ing in the soil all thp strength of the manure. In planting with the aid of 4umher, the following in- structions should be observed j— The boards should be about twelve inches wide ; lay them two inches apart, and make the mark or furrow between them, which can be done without the assistance of the line, as before mentioned ; then sow your seed, and cover as before; let the boards renaain until the ■vSfc w and Uade east. 16 follow these instnjctions in setting out cabbage and other plants, Take a pail and half fill it with water ; put in a littlef^resh cow dung, and mix it together pretty thick. Then' dip the roots of cab- bage or other plants into it, for transplanting. It 18 a cool, moist manure, which excites and encour- ages all kinds of plants to take root. Shade your plants with shingles or other convenient things from the sun until they have commenced growing vigorously. * To destroy the Worm in Cabbage Plants. It not nnfrequently happens that when the cab- bage is Imlf-grown, that a little white worm or mag- got takes possession of the stalk, and destroys the plant. To kill them, shake the stalk carefully but not so as to disturb the roots. Then strew a httlo >lry ashes from the store around the stalk which will destroy them. ' To Prevent Ike Ravages of the Black or Grey Grub. . ; The Black or Grey Grubs commit tieir depreda- taons on t^e young (^bbnge plants during the night season, anpide themselves beneath the soil during th* ^y. Df yarious efforts to keep them Off. the 4* w^0mm " • • ■ ••■i. ..-^ ■',«- Q V ~T =sd tm ■ as tte^ V , le iTARMINa AND OARDENIlfG only effectual means which I could over discover, was, to take sulphur brimstone and shake a littlo of ft on the ground for a few inches around the stallt • To Destroy the Oreen Insects on Cab- bage Plants. « When about two-thirds grown, cabbages are fre- quently beset by small, green insects or lice, which rob the plants of their vigor. To destroy them, put half a pound of salt to two gallons of water ; sprinkle this mixture over the cabbages, and the. insects will fall to the ground, while the salt water will nourish the plants. To Prevent Cabbages from Grotoing to what are called " Long- Shanks.'' To secure true, solid heads of cabbage on those stalks which manifest a dispx}sition to grow to what are commonly known as " long shanks," take a pon- /knife and stab it through the stalk, about |he mid- dle; insert a small piece of wood, to keep the in- cission open, which will check the growth. By doing^ this, good heads of cabbage may be secured on ©very such stalk. ^^^i '^^SS^SUiH^ KMtaa if ADE EAST. 17 # A sure Method of Saving Potatoes from the Rot. Ground intended for potatoes, should be plough- ed late in the fall of the year, just before the frost sets in. The manure to be used on it should be got ready during the winter, by collecting the com- mon kinds into one heap, if possible. It is of great importance that potatoes^both early and late^he planted early^QSkj, as soon as the frost is out of the ground. Choose as dry a place as convenient. For some seven or eight years past, the ravages of the potatoe-rot have excited the utmost alarm, and in- flicted dire suflferings on community. My own ex- perience convinces the that the disease is communi- cated to the plants by the dews or rains during the month of June, or early part of July, and general- ly after drought ; hence the importance of planting early, so that the vines or plants may have suflBci- ent vigor to resist its insidious attacks. In planting, put the manure into the hills or drills, on the top of tho seed. At the same time, prppare ton btishels of lime to the acre, by placing overy ten bushels in a Bepa#l9 heap, and covering it immediately with earth, after throwing on two or three pails of wa- ter, to assist in slaking it. When powdered, it should be applied by strewing it on the seed in the hills or fiirrowB. Should the soli bematurally rich| ^:... > 18 FABMINO AlfD OARDBinNO howeter, no manure need be applied, except the slaked lime. As soon as the young plants make their appearance above the ground, begin moulding and cleaning with hoos or ploughs. Moulding often increases the crop greatly, as well as the size of the potatoes. .When the vines are eight or ten inches high, applj^ salt at the rate of four or five bushels to the aere,\by carefully sowing it on the top of the hills or drills, but be sure that none of the salt goes - on thevikes,\l)uring the first week in Jujie, com- mence to spHnkle some of the dry lime on the vines of the potatoes, early in the morning, while the dew is dn them, or after rain ; the lime thus applied will stick fast to the vines. Should it, however, get washed off; a new application will be necessary. The purifying qualities of the lime, and the healthful preservative properties of salt, together with early planting, wjU secure a crop free from th<^ rot. By the last week in July, early pota- toes will^ have attained' their full size, when they may asi, well be dug.— For two or three years before I left Engfemd, I planted my potatoes during the ^♦Iftst week in January, and the first and second . 'weeks Jn February. By doing so, I was enabled to dig them earlyinjnly, free from rot, and ta supply my peigbbours'^nd others for miltHi around, witk "f>!"^ W4P9***o«»^ Ili^vajc€»idediieacl>anda% • mfmmmtmmm r»th- .ff.M'tfili HADE EAST. 21 ot April, or as early as tho Boasdn will permit If lime cannot bo procured, one-half tho quantity of ashes may be used instead. Every other evening, the ground should be copiously watered with raiu water, and the cover replaced. Haw to raise Radishes in the Open-air. Uadishes may be sown in tho open-field or gar- den, either alone or with turnips, &c., from the middle of May, until the first week in September, without fear of having them injured by the worm. To secure them young and fresh, a sma^l quantity should be sown at intervals of one or two Weeks, through the summer, I have supplied the Dun- das market for the last three year^ ^ith com- plete success. The Turnip Fly — hoto to keep them off the plants. In England, I succeeded in preventing. th,e,4eBr truotive ravages of the Turnip Fly, by the following method :— To every four pounds of seed, I put six- pennyworth of the oil of amber. .When the seed was mixed with this, it adhered together in on© mass, but half a pound, or a poun^, of sulphur of brimstone would separate it, or perhaps less. When 'vSsp (^^^^^^ i%i \ ^ SS rARMINO AMD OARDEMINO iBive years ; erory thing else failed, I found *thi8 remedy In England, for ftve or ^^^^Sjj^^ but the same method will not answer heiie^ in con- sequence of the Turnip Fly being about four times larger, and much more sdVago, than in England. There is another method,\ however, which may be fully relied on. Here it is :\have your ground well prepareuliond well manured,^ but do not soW your seed b^fote the first week in July. Then hill up the ground, and, instead -of sowing the seed on the top of the drills, as is generally done, sow it in the furrow, after the plough. Cover the seed about half an inch, or an inch, deep. I have paid parti- cular attention to the J^uyjiip Fly for the last three years, £|||d I f^d that3HB|||^arly.|ttpt of %uly, his strength and ^eroci^'^lve^pent. By sowing the seed at this tMe, and in the bottom of the furrow, the plants not only escape the fly, but have^all tho nourishment of the rain and dews. As soon as the" T^k^ leaves have appeared, .you may begin to cl^n or iroo the ground ; in doing so, the furrow will get filled up, and the manure and soil will find ^ the roots. There is generally more rain after the first of July than in June (the usual tii%e for sow- ing turnip seed in America). Thus the plants arft neither checked by the drought, nor subject to the satage attacks of the fl^y. By following this method, >.3i -w ^•prnv^^'^^ W % ■* "^ lfAi>E EAST. H ^ I baro Buocooded In raisiiig large qu&ntitiel # tur nips during the last throe years. ' ^ § \ To grow PeaSf frte frorri / «# •■ If farmers would ifpuro their crop of i|||i free from worm-holes snd the hug, they BhoJH not, ^ plant before the first week in June, for latlt pedB, or the second week in June, for early peas|ibr 1 never -saw any bug or fly on peas after Ju||, to do any harm. It is generally^ supposed that tho fly or bug deposits its eggs in the blossom, but such is not the fact. The miscbief is done after the pfd has been formed, and while it is very young and tender. By following the above method, I have preserved my peas from th® ravages of the bug for the. last two or three years. Farmers will not lose anything by tilling peas at this time of tn^ year, for * the greund will be left in good order for fall wheat, ^ by the 16th or 20th of September, or for potatoei ^ ^ ^ or other spring crop, the following spring. I bave^ no doubt that it will be found to be a surt remedy. To destroy the Green Insects on Souse 1^ ^ or Green-House Plants. When' in-door or green-house plants become in* felted with the common green lice, it will be found ■■■m '. •si ■■■ J S -,--. — ^* • 'if .•,•• • . ■ • .:*'¥■; h Sc^^B -■- $^H ■ " . 'i^H . ■? ■ • '" ^^H • jfC'^H . ■ ? i^^H 19 .«. i V •f • ft ^ FARMING AND (^AifDENING to tei ah.easy method of removing- them by blowing the tsmiSke from a tobaoco-pipe, *on the plants, or* placing |i quanlJtty of tobacpo — say one pound — m the gre&n'-hous'e, and then setting 'flre to it, and closiifg the doors and sky-lights. Fy this means, the lic^will fall from the plants,.dead, while the plants *wiU s^tain no injury. If it be done, by blowiitg the smoke from a pip^, something should , be thrown over*the plant to confine the smoke. ■ ■ ■ . ■■ . ■ » ■ ■. .-•-:■. '■ ■ V " How to destroy Wire-warms* , # , ' Nothfeg, perhaps, is more perplexjng to the far-, mer, than to have his soil beset with the comiAi^n wire- worm, and there are few obstacles to agricul- . tural success, of a more obstinate nature. Some years before I left England, I had four acres of my i farm completely under the dominion of the wire- worm. I lost 'crops of wheat, barlej and oats re- peatedly. At length I felt persuaded that there * must be some means of destroying them. First I we9t to t^e lime kiln,»and got forty bushels of new lime ; took it to the field ; covered it over with soil,- and had it slaked. At the time of planting my . wheat, I threw the' lime over the suHace of tbe ;" * .i » ■■-■■■.*•,. . ■ I ^ 9 ground, ploughed the ground, and sowed ^ wjieat, but before the 'young wheat had made the^ third Jpirout 6r blade, H was nearly all carried off by th% ft ^ IIADB BAST. u wire-worm. I found that this loosened the soil, Mid^, thereby enabled the wire-worms to more about more^ freely. The following spring I agwn ploughed the field, and had fifteen people with small tin hoxeaf*^^ engaged in collecting the wire-worms after the plough ; by evening, we had from three to four quarts of worms, which were destroyed. This mode of proceeding was followed for about a week ; then I sowed barley, but it> too, was carried off, so then lendeayoured to save a cro]^ of some kind, and ploughed again, and got the groutid in good order bythemiddleof June, for Swedish turnips. I hilled up the soil, and manured it with guano rery heavily, thinking, as guano is as pungent as pepper, that it would keep the worms off. The turnips succeeded well, and 1 had a wonderful crop ; but when I came to die them, I found from six to sixteen of the wire^. worms, entangled in the roots of each turnip. I instructed my men not to shake off any of the soil or worms, but to take as many as possible out of the field, with the turnips. I next tried the efficacy of salt, by confining a few of the wire-wdrms iii a small box half filled with salt, but I found them as nimble^^md lively the next day as when first put in, so I was satisfied that salt would not destroy d!^m. Thei follbwing spring, I sowed oats, with clovjei? and gn^siieed, and' let the field remain in pa^ttii^ii for t§ fARMIN^ Al^P O^PDENINa ^^190 yiearGf. : On© ,day, hpw^ver, I was \q the ficiW A)oiil» j^d my f^^tentipn was aUi^apted; to a noo^r ^;8)nall bihdf* wbiqh ponMnuiad - *o fty round ai^d al^iMit . *he: : borses jand cpws' beads, pc^^jsio^iaUy alighting j usjb; be^ox^ their mouth, as if in search; of prey. , On examination, I found that^e hordes and cattle, wi^ilo grazing, pccasionalJtyp^Sed the wire- >wprm& in pttUiing up the roots of Ijfee grasfip, and it ,yr^ to. secure ;8uch that the sniaM birds were pn thp (a^t; ;Ifo}f nd, t^p, .that numbers of the. wire-wprnip -weret just l^j^lpw tl^e surface of thegrouud, busily i^gaged in des^oujfingjtb© tender ro^ts of the gija^. f ibpgan to aisp^ir, ax^ th^kthak If ^d been pq '^Iptely b,eatei^; b^^ aa.a. dernipr. resort, I tumid ip^y at]tentipn to the destructive agency of fire, se^- pg. tfiat ^)i p^jy.pwiqus courts had so signally !;foilpd.. I w^nt tp ttie foundry, and ordered a plough iwith a sharp tw.elye inches wide in the front, oljgqpd W;i:QUg^ ^RO.*«^^^^P^» and two. wheels at t^^ie end pf the beajna; one to run in the. fulrww, a^d tjbp pther pn the sod. , W^ oxen^ were- ,mpvefj the.sui^acei sod about two inched; deep, by jiim,ming.alonjgj,ust below the Siurface, and twri^ed it cpmpletely pyer^ >o that the Bun might dry it as ppon as possiblOf : When this operation had been i^pinpletpd, we dragged or harrowed it once ow, jS^ qif^^:^S?W!^^ >^ ^iSOt aUJio help MADE EAST. ft9 I could aecttre, and had the soil raked togetJierwiUi iron rakeS) in heaps of about a cart-load in a placoj when" we had wire^wornifl by thousands i then we. g<^8traw and other fuel ready, ind set fire to the heaps. Thus we succeeded in burning them up. This operation was performed about Mid-sumin^* when the waim weather had brougjit the wire-worms to the surfrqe. From this tim^ to September,: no: thing further was done, but stiU a few wire- wprpaa w:ereleft in the ground. Iq i Septcimber^ I sowed wheat again pretty thick— sa.y, abput three bushel^ to the acre. By sowing pl^ntifuUyrand the a^hes answering for a good dressing- of manure, Ir secured' a good crop. I rolled the wheat in the Fall^ ai;vd. ia the Spring, I again sowed grass-seed, and harrowed it in. Then I rolled it again with a heavy rdll. The result was, Ihat I iraised^ fr^m th^Aiy to thirty- five bushels of wheat to the acre. Foi! .three suc- cessive seasons, I repeated the operation of burn- ing, &c., and finally succeeded in rescuing ifty ci*opfl from the ravages of the wire- Worm. Care shouhi be taken to burn the sod in the warm season, when the wire-worms, as I before reimarked, are near the - surface. In cold weather, they descend, and hide themselves deep in the earth, t In this country, hdwever, Fali ploughihg will be f&urtd to be of gr«af advantage. The wire«wona is / '%^':: Blow in hiB mo?emeiit8| add can be materially t>^^ Tented from making a safe retreat in the Fall of tbef year, by dlBtnrbing the ground, where the change from Bummer to Winter is bo sudden as it is here. When caught by frost, they seldom make any appearance the next season. As a preventative agaitiBt Wire-Wofms— and pre- rentatives are said to be better than cures— nothing can be of greater importance than a thorough sys- tem of manuring. K farmers would pay more at- tention to this branch of their profession, there would not be half the mischief done, nor loss sus- tained, in consequence of tho ravages of wire- worms. Great mistakes are often made in planting flowers and flower seeds, in consequence of selecting soil which is unfit for the purpose. The seed is fre- quently condemned while the fault Ifes in making a bad choice of soil wherein to plant it. In the first place, procure about a wheelbarrow full of good ijoil, and half the quantity of vegetable or leaf-mould ; mix these well together, then dip your ftbwer-pot in a pail of water, and sprinkle a little plaster of PariB arowad Uie sides of it, which will nourish the /-.73(fei^i^^^-iK^i v -■^^r:^^:^!;- IfADB EAST. 2d rodta of the plahts.' Then fill y<^r flower^pot^Uli the rough soil, about two-tlbirda, aitd fill it up with the rottoii leaf-mould. Tack in the soil lightly, and then sow your seed. This will suit the «niall, , delicate flower-seeds better. Water slightly witli rain water, and when sufl&cient growth has been made to require more frequent watering, put a quarter of a pound of guauo, or half a pound pf plaster of Paris, to each gallob of water. This will improve and nourish your plants greatly. Be sure not to use any stable or cow-house manure for flowers, for that will generate large worms in the s(»l, arid they will destroys ihe rioti of your plants, ^ : -.^ .;.■'■/ ^") \ \,\>'':\ . ■ On Coloring Tulips, fyc. Those who wish to have their Tulips, or other flowers having a bulbous root, look gay arid pretty, should take a piece of sewing silk, of the color de- sired, such, for instance, as red, green, black, brown, &c. in August, take the roots out of the gt-o^^^ and with the aid Of k *n^6(iie; di^aW thef silt 'tti^tiugli the bulbs J then pUce them fe the grotitid ag^^n immediately, wi t^ the silk VenSaiWti^ifi iftietti; the following year 4^U ]^(^&c^ '^ti<^^ Colors ^^^ flower as you have employed on the roots* .VfiiO /. . A.. ,30 FARBONG AND OARDENINO J}n keeping Orange and Lemon Trees ' free from Insects. ^ * Both in and out df doors, Orango and Lemon Trees, are sondietimes besot with insects. Tobacoo smoke will not always destroy these pests, on such trees. It is a good method to plant tansy under tllh trees, the odor of which will keep the insects off, irithout injuring the.^reeg* ■ . ) I i„ I . s>- * II I "II ' ■( '. ■ I : ;'i-(. ;■•.• T6 keep Potatoes in Cellars md Pits^ from Rotting^ Sfc. To save potatoes from rptting, &c., when put into cellars, or coivered up in the fietd in large quan- tities, you musV be, careful to dry them well a);^ dig- ging time, on the barn floor, or other convenient place, for four or six days. Th^n put some of them into the cellar or pit, about one foot thick, and strew a Uttld slaked^ lime over them; then anotW foot 0f poUitoes, and anpther sprjmkling of lime, and ao yQur||otatpe9have,bee^^^ They ^^ ^^k^^no h^f!^ when^ mf^nn^r^ \ \ A.. ' MADE EAST. 31 \ \ On JRamng and Managing Gooseberry Trees. Goosbberry troes we frequently affected by raiU- dew to Buch a degree, as to render them unproduc- tive. The reason of this is, that they are often neglected, and frequently become chocked up with new wood, grass and weeds. Another reason is, that they are often planted in a hot, dry, situation. T<^ secure good, healthy trees, get cuttings from the choicest stock, in the month of August. Then dig a trench in the garden, about eighteen inches or two feet deep; loosen the soil in the bottom of the trench, and put a little fine rotten mould into it. Place in your cuttings aboi^t eight or nine inches apart; in October, cover over the trench with some lumber, and as much soil as will keep the frost from the cuttings. ^ -^ As soon as the frost is out of the ground, early in the spring, uncover the trench, and leave the cuttings untouched till the following July. Then take them up, together with as much soil with the roots as possible,^ and set them out in a damp, cool place, or in a clay soil, with some good rotten cow^ house manuro. Be sure to keep Gooseberry tre(Si' on one stock in their youth^ and prune them e^evf two years. The ground about the roots should be: well looBened every year^ in order to gii^a th^iif jjl \: FARMmO AND GARDENINO tbe aiij poB8iJb|e. This treatment will pre?ent miU- out . the ropts^ every year, ai| all.; 'jOTO kU ili- ::tr-' ^:.a il •J^ HADE XA8T. >« i S To secure good Flowers on DdfhQlias. Dahalikfc BomctimeBfail to make a perfect flower. To prevent this, prepare a good, rich piece of Boil, with good, rotten, stable manure ; mik both well together, get out your Dahalia roots in the middle of April, or as soon as the frost is out of the ground, about four or five feet apart, each way, leaving the crown about two inches under the surface of the earth. When the plant has made six branches, cut out the centre rose, and the flowers which form on the branches will be well-filled up, and will become ^v^ry large. If you would have various colors in the flowers, draw some colored silk through the bulbs, at planting time, as in the case of tulips, before mentioned. To premnt the ravages of the bug on Melon and Cucumber Plants. Take half a bushel of lime, and put it into fort]^j f\ye gallons of w^ter, whiph well mix ttygeth^r 5 #en let it, stand until the lime has become prfedpHated,, to the .bpttom, and water ypuy yjnea or plants fjre-j qn.ently with the water. I was neverftroi^^ed witlv/ the bug aft«^appUp^tio;^©^ihi^.kindi, Tl^^^^p^ergr-:^ %^ :Bhp\^l(i i^d.c)pm Wttced , ^hm ^^, l#^^ ^r^ 1% #. A r1 34 VARMINO ^ aAEDENINO To dhtroy^ Thistles W other ntixious Weeds^ either in hedk$J)r otherwise. Hitherto the Canadian thii^'tlo has boldly set at de^nce every efTort of.'tlie AgriculturiBt to subdue him. By dint, of perseverance and untiring experi- ments with various tj^nts, I at length succeeded in discovering a. platl by which they can be most effectually and thoroughly eradicated. Indeed, I know of two modes by whieh^they might, and have been, totally destroyed. Like almost every difl- corery by which mankind has been blessed, these are simple and easily applied. Large or small c beds of thistles may be destroyed by following these instructions :— Take four pounds of saltpetre ; grind t fine; add two pounds of sulphur brimstone; mix these with one barrel of salt. In the spring, when the thistles are two or three inches high, apply this mixture by spreading it over the ground half an inch thick ; he sure .to cover all the surface of the ground with the mixture, and it would be well to extend it to at least one foot outside of the thistle bedfi, 80 that all the roots might be destroy Should there be any loose stones on the surface of the gronnd, they'shonld be picked off. If the f^eifctlier shofuld prore to be dry for the first and* •eoond e?enings after the application has been N .>.l MADE EAST* U s .mode, a little water or refuse pickle should, bio' applied with a watering pot. Should there, by any ohancQ, one or two roots escape the mixture, and sprout! afterwards, or if you have any stray thistles scattered over youc farm or land, take a small phia), filled with spirits of turpentine, and deposit oiie drop upon the top of the thistle; this will des- troy every thistle, to the extreme ends of the roots, even if they should descend twenty-five feet deep in the earth. The mixture of saltpetre, brimstone, and commoi) salt, will hot only destroy the thistle^, but it will enrich tht soil too much for grain crops, for a season or two. The first crops planted should be onions, potatoes, or turnips, to be followed by corn or other grain crops. It would be best to leave the ground undisturbed till late in the feu ; then plough it for spring crops. Ihave raised at. the rate of three hundred and fifty bushels of pota- toes to the acre on thistle ground, which had been subjected to, this operatidfa., The spirits of turpeii- tiuoi on the contrary, will not be of service 4te a manure^ but its use incurs the Ipast trouble and the iea^t expense in the (irst place. I feel quite certain .tb^ ther^ Js salt and, br^ipeienough ttirpwi^ aw ^yery jtwp ypars from thci provision stores tp d^s^trpy 4o;rpry thiyBU>e, pu,1^^ cpntjft€(i^^.an^,o^i4oh the; spft for &▼<> years to qQinei;wTb»>0qit,of deitcoyii^g I : -~\-- ■'■■.■. ■ /:■■ 36 FARMIim AND OARDCNINO r thistles with thift^ miiture, would be ahout six to alno doliairs per acre. Refuse salt might be got at fhe provision stores, after the meat or flsh had been •old, at one-third the cost of common salt, in barrel. • The cost of the salt will .bo more than made up during ftFo years, in the increased productiveness of the soil. Refuse pickle, K>p, might be used io ,much advantage, but if used for the destruction of thistles, or other noxious roots, it should be applied ip the soil at the rate of one gallon to each square foot, adding the same quantity, or a little more, of saltpetre and sulphur to each barrel of pickle, as to ench barrel of salt. How to generate new kinds of Potatoes. - Both the size and quality of Potatoes may bo im- proved greatly, by taking a few of a coarfie kind and a few of a fine quality, and cutting them in halves ; then, tie one-half of either sort together, 1)efore planting. The potatoes thus generated will i bo much improved, both that and the following .season. The ground will not require as mach ^ laiiinuy^ imd by saving the produce for a fioason or two, entirely new kinds may be secured, fult.df !he>ltl> and »!jgoK N^lthOr will they b6 aa subject ^>4iiea0» aii okl^ wom^>ui sorts. » * \ ' IIADB njsT I i- #7 Haw to fnanage House and Oreen^Hou94 ' Plants during Winter. At much mischief It often done in Oreen-Housety during the month of January, by keeping the Plants too hot, as would result frem exposing them to the cold. The propor temperature for a Green-Hous« is between 40 ® and 45 ® ; it should nerer fall below the former, nor rise abore the latter. Fresh air should also be regularly admitted every day, when it is not actually freezing. This is an important £sot. Air is as necessary as water for the health of the Plants ; but, stilly care must be taken not to admit it too suddenly, nor before the heated atmos^ phere has made its escape. For this end, the lights at the top should be opened first, to permit the i szit of the heated air; -and then open the side or lower light9, to admit fresh atmosphere. Unless ^ this is attended to, and cold air bo admitted before , the hot air has made its escape, the hot air will become condensed, and the moisture will fall oa. the plants in drops, which is ii^jurious to them. When the season has further adyanced, say towards the beginning of starch, it will be well to set th0 doot open occasionally, when the sun shines and the weather is mild^ to allow of a free current of air through the house. At this time^ too^all th# / ■p V. FARlONCr AVD :«ikllDENlNa ciently decaye^i^ to^ be takeoi off- wlthaut injuring; the plants. '•Should an^ moss or green matter ap- petir oh theatiffticeiyf the earth In the p6i8,:v0md?e it; ttnid' loosen the B<>il With a flat |>ie<$e of wood^boujb an' indh broad. • "It [must^be observed^ however^. that whiiti haa been Slid respecting the removal i6f dbiid leaves, doies not iapjply to bulbous phmisv lor tb^iif leaved should : be Ibf t on as long as possiblow/ * Plants require biit iititlo Water at this season, 'bqtlfirb^hesb l(»^more( desirable than in this middle o£ the winter, a» it SBirv^' to dry up' the dtimp, whieh iift noir& most 4!^ngerous ' enemy to Aplants. Whore sdteral cuttings of '(^reeh-^Iiooi^e Plants^ thisit were struck i» the falljhairebeisn kept together during the winteiv they shoul4 ni>>i> he pott^ separately. ^ ^D u 'V: .1^ ,v ^vPliferts miiyVateo be preservieJi : ' ' ICADB VM«Mh U a 'i mu 26. It sb^ld, be fit^^^j^l^^i^^l^^^ The plants must &e placed in. the bottom of the pit, and wlifen tTfi'o weather is veW sevS^rR '^*rhat thoula be ^hrojwn over the glass, trimbst da^es^ 'plants (i^ fee preserved in pits of this kind, diiring the severeiA winters, without firefheat. Removj^ the saslies efery m9 day, to admit the fresh ait*, between the hours of ten arid three. It should never be forgotiten, zf;hat all. p^ivnts, whether kept In the open-air, or in / a GreenrHouse, should have no, more water durinj^ i^e wintev than. IB absolutely necessary to keep then^i^Uve. Hot' Beds. About the middle of the month-^f March, hot- beds should be made, for raising plants and tender flowers, or rooting cuttings. The manure used need not be more than two feet deep, but it should extend three or four inches beyond th© frame, on either side. When the steam from the manure is sufficiently evaporated, a layer of light soil, about six inches thick, should be spread over the bed. In beds of this kind, might also bo placed, pots con- taining the seeds of any annual or climbing flowers/ to be trained up oyer yerandahs or fences during the summer. ■11 ..\ 40 fimillNO AKD OAftDBimrO Omammtd Box-Hedges: Many gentlemen lose their box-hedges in oonie- quence of either being unacquainted with the proper time of cutting, or by neglecting that operation al- together ; and not knowing what to do in case of dry weather. The proper cutting-time is about the middle of June. Do not be afraid of a wet jacket. If the weather is dry^ howeyer, be careful to shade your box-hedging from the sun with lumber, or something else that is convenient, and water it erery etening, for four or six days, with rain water. Box- hedging often becomes yellow in patches^ and diet off when not properly attended to. THE IRD. nie- >per 1 al- io of the kot lade , or rory )ox- diot ',«* V -• ■-/ >»; / ■/:• and the healthful preservative pi together with early planting, wjll 8( from th<^ rot. By the last week in toes willy have attained- their fut may as well be dug.^For two or tl I left Engfemd, I planted my pot ^lAst week in January, and the 1 "weeks .in February. By. doing so, J dig thejn early in July, free from re my peigbbours'^nd others for mi jK>uiid aeod potatoeB.' I have reside iyilM>fflfalBw)jn"'irn:iiii^ > * V . . . ' ■ " . .' ■ .' '_'<■* 'I . ••• ** - '■.*•' m\' • ^ « / .'■■■ ■-% ■ ' • ■ V 1 # : . • ' K '^ ,' ,/; '; ■ ■ ' f * "^ ■ ■■ ■ 1 . '. ' . /; ■ .: j-y^ ''-. V '' ^* ^ *•■ ■r^