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6

McGILL UNIVERSITY

PAPERS FROM THE DEPARTMENT

OP

Botany.

No. 7. — A Review of Canadian Botany from 1800 to i 895.

•-«

BY

D. P. PEN HALLOW, B.Sc, M.A.Sc.

[Reprinted from th« Tntnuctioni of the Royal Society of CMada,
Section IV, 1897, pp. 1-36.]

Montreal, 1898.

.^^^■■^BifHIi^^H

M

r

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

TRANSACTIONS

SECTION IV.

GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

^"!i».|

ff* I

*. ,.,

PAPERS FOR 1897

Section IV., 1897.

[8]

Tbans. R. S. C,

I— A Review of Canadian Botany from 1800 to 1895}

PART II.

By D. P. Peniiallow.

(Risad June 21st, 18Jt7.)

Tho history of botanical progress in tho 18th century dosed with
the memorable work of the elder Michaux. It was therefore peculiarly
fitting that the beginning of the 19th century should see his iniportanV
contributions to tho botany of this continent essentially continued by his
son, Fran^'ois AndnS who made a distinct advance upon the work thus
admirably laid down, in his North American Sylva. a work which, until
tho last few years, has stood unrivalled, and which has i)laced tho
author's name liigh in the list of eminent botanists.

Following close upon the labours of tho elder .Michaux there came
one whose dee[) interest in the flora of this region had been aroused by
essentially the same iiiHuoucos that led his predecessors, Kalm and
Michaux, to undertake a labour which at that time was fraught with
enormous ditfioultios, and which, while it seemed to greatly enrich tho
science thoy loved so well, and for which they endured so much, brought
to them no gain beyond tho reward which springs from the consciousness
of a duty nobly conceived and as nobly discharged, and tho enduring
upprobution of their fellowmon. I refer particulai-ly to one whose work
was one of tho most important elements in the progress of botany in the
early part of this century, not only in Canada, but also in tho United
States, and the close of whose life of toil and sullering among strangers
was invested with a pathetic element which yet makes the place of his
death and burial of more than ordinary interest to those who cultivate
the science of plant life.

Frederick Pui-sh was born at Grossenhayn, Saxony, in ITI^. md
educated at Dresden.' In his account of the motives which led him to
undertake his memorable work, he says :

" Among the numerous useful and interesting objects of natural
history discovered in the vast extent of the new continent, none claim

' For assistance ri-ccived in tlie preparation of this paper, I desire to record my
ol)llKations to Prof. Jolm Macoun and Dr. J. G. Bourinot, of Ottawa- Mr Harry
Piers and Dr. A. H. MacKay, of Halifax; Mr. Joiin M. Swain, of Prince Kdward
Island ; Mr. G. U. Hay, of Si. Jolin, N.U. ; l'Abl)e Lallani.ne, of t^uebec • Prof W J
Fowler, of Queen's College, Kingston; Mr. A. Alexander, of Hamilton Ont • Prof"
L. W. Bailey, Fredericton, N.B. ; Rev. Moses Harvsy, St. Johns, Newfoundland •
Rev. F. W. Vrooni, Kinn's College, Windsor, N.S. ; Dr. T. J. W. Burges-s and Mr'
H. Mott, of Montreal.

^ Mr. James in the Journal of a Botanical Excursion, says he was born at
Tobolsk, Siberia, but as he gives no authority for this statement, and as I have been
unable to confirm it. I have adopted the data given by Pritzcl as the more trust-
worthy. (Pritz. Thes. Hot. Lit,, 1H72, 2iVJ.»

4

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

our attention in a higher degree than the vegetable productions of Noi-th
America. Her forests produce an endless variety of useful and stately
timber trees ; her woods and hedges the most ornamental of flowering
shrubs, so much admired in our pleasure grounds ; and her fields and
meadows a number of exceedingly handsome and singular flowers (many
of them possessing valuable medicinal virtues) ditt'erent from those of
other countries. All these are more or less capable of being adapted to
a Burop. an climate, and the greater part of easy cultivation and quick
growth ; which circumstances have given them, with much propriety,
the firet rank in ornamental gardening."

" A countiy so highly abundant in all the objects of my favourite
pursuits, excited in me, at an early period of life, a strong desire to visit
it, and to observe in their natural soil and climate, the plants which I
then knew ; and to make such discoveries as circumstances might throw
in my way. This plan I carried into execution in the year 17lt9." '

With the exception of his immediate predecessoi-s, no botanist had
accomplished more than Pursh to make the vegetation of Canada known,
and since his time, very few have contributed in so important a degree to
the enlargement of Canadian botanical science. Apart from his pub-
lished Flora, the principal insight into his work in America is to bo
gained from his journal,^' which was found among papers accompanying
the iierbarium of Dr. J. S. Barton when it was transferred to the custody of
the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia. This manuscript
was later published by the society under the editorship of Mr. T. P.
James, but unfortunately, it does not deal with that part of Puish's work
which was continued into and ended in Canada. Nevertheless, this record
must always have a high degree of interest and value for Canadians as
for other botanists, not only because of the valuable notes it contains,
but because it gives a clear insight into the man's character and shows
him to have been possessed of indomitable pei-severance, pursuing his
work amid all the harassing discouragements of very limited means
which, on one occasion, necessitated the sale of his gun, and borne down
by bad health which, on more than one occasion threatened to abruptly
terminate his useful work. Amid difficulties which would have forced
most men to turn their thoughts and energies in other directions, he
preserved a hopeful confidence in his work, which proved the mainstay of
all his labours. His entire explorations were made on foot.

Leaving the United States after about twelve years of hard and
useful work, he visited the "West Indies and thence proceeded to i)ngland
where he completed the two volume work by which he is known. This
done, he sailed for Canada where ho spent the remaining years of his life
ill an effort to prepare a Canadian flora. He made extensive collections,

' Flora Americas Septentrionalis, I. v.
» Journ. of Bot. ExcurslonH ; Phila. 1807

Flora Amer. Sept., 1814, 1., vlil.

[PKNHALLOW]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

chiefly through the province of Quebec, but all the material thus accumu-
lated was subsequently destroyed by tire before it could be ])ut into suit-
able form for publication, so that we have absolutely no record of hifJ
work here.

Pursh was not a voluminous writer. His energies appear rather to
have been entirely exhausted in laborious field work to which ho devoted
80 much of his time, in the preparation of his North Araeiican Flora and
in contending with his physical infirmities. Ilis onlj- other publication
was his Hortus Oliviencis, a small work of seventy-two pages published •
in 181.").

After a labour of only twenty-one years, Pursh died at Montreal on
the I ith July, 1820, "so destitute of means that the expenses of his
burial and other outlays wore defrayed by his friends."

" lie was interred in the old cemetery on Papineau Road." There
his remains lay until 1857, when the facts becoming known to Dr. James
Barnston and other members of the Hotanical Society of Montreal, an
ertbrt was made to secure their transfer to a more fitting resting place in
Mount Eoyal Cemeterj'. This M-as accomplished onlj' in part, and for
twenty years all that remained of Pursh, lay buried in one of the ceme-
tery vaults,' a failure in the realisation of the original intention which
was caused by the death of Dr. Barnston early in the spring of 1858,
although some thirtj'-five dollars had already been subscribed toward the
co.-5t of a suitable monument.

In 1877 attention was once more drawn to the matter through the
instrumentality of those who had been associated with the earlier
attempt, and this time more strenuous etlbrts were made, not only to
secure a suitable resting place, but to provide a monument as well.''

> In the Daily Witness of JuneVtli, 1877, an editorial directs attention to this
great neglect, wliile an article in the same is^ue draws attention to the renewed
ellbrts then being made, and gives in full, a sketch of the life of Pursh prepared
twenty years previously by Dr. liarnston.

2 An examination of some of 'le original documents connected with these
efforts, kindly placed in my hand^* ' ., ir William Dawson, who was president of the
Botanical Society at that time, shjws that the original subscribers to the monu-
ment fund in 1857, included J. \V. Dawson (afterwards Sir William Dawson), Dr.
Storry Hunt, George Shepherd, James Barnston, John G. Barnston, William Work-
man, Jr., and Rev. A. F. Kemp, all of whom contributed in equal amounts of one
pound each. The committee entrusted with the responsibility of raising the neces-
sary fundt, consisted of Dr. Barnston and Mr. Shepherd. They issued the following
circular, which may prove of interest, as showing the actual progress ^-'ade up to
the time of Dr. Barnston's death ;

" Circular of the Botanical Society of Montreal, relative to a monument in mem-
ory of Frederic E. Pursh, the celebrated botanist.

'■ MoNTREAi,, Canada East, January, 1H57.
" In the cour.se of last spring the Botanical Society of Montreal became aware
that Baron Pursh, the celebrated botanist, died in this city in 1820 and was interred
in the old burying ground on Papineau Road. The society immediately felt its

6

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Through the aid of the Natural History Society of Montr„«] .v
was acco.p,i,shed, the trustees of the Mount VXetryi
contr,buUng a lot .n a retired and beautiful portion of the cemotTrv

LIT ^'*'7r^^-«'«"« ^-«"tist .• Pu..h was the last of that "terlst
ng g oup of botauK-al explore., who. gaining a conception of ou flora
from the specimens transplanted to the pardons of the Old Worir^-V?
to extend their knowledge by a more intimate and pl^i Je^ ^rt o1
of such a great wealth of vegetation on its own ground and whoT K
not only laid the foundations for the deveiopn.ett t't ItiAlnJ
on th,s continent, but placed all future botaiists under obg^t'ns which
they have been proud to acknowledge. To them our tribuSs ot ' ,^t

the w^o"l of ;'V",;!7^*'^>' local events of the period distinguished by

ne^hbouihood. Dr. Holmes was an enthusiastic botanist an •lrdcn^
colloctor.and a pioneer in the botanical .vork of this century iVu
h.s studies of the flora of Montreal about I82I, . ^Snu ^ Sm"

^z::'^'Zlu u ^ '''' ^' !;'^ '^^"-^"^ ^ -^"'^^ «^ ^^^^

i.icultyof McGill University-that is to .say, 1820 is the earliest d.it«
appeanng in his herbarium, while the latest date is 1825, t g e le

Holmel '"^ ''''" '""' '" *'" y'-^' 1821 and 1822. Dr

Ilomes became connected with McGill Univei-sity in 1824, and in 184'

tt rcu.; o? Z-T"^':' f ^ .''''- ^^ ^^^^'^^ - -""-^-'- -^^t

in isi !i ^^f" J--'^^- "•« herbarium was presented to the university
m 1856 and constituted the nucleus of that now large and rapidlyl ow
l!lii:f!!:!!!i:!2!i^^ years nil ^Zs

the erection of rmonumpnf^ V'."^" ''"'^' ^° '"'^''^^ '"' adequate sum of mon;y for

^:::::tr:s^?f ^«^- -« -^-^ <« ■- -.• .r :r "^l;:::::^

Fhkderick Pursh,

Obt. 1820, vEt. 40.

Breci'kd

bv 5ilmbkbs of the

Natural History Society

Of Montreal,

1878.

Can. Nat. N. Ser., ix., 187.

M..1

[PBNHALLOw] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY 7

are in an excellent state of pi-eservation, and well repre -,i our local
flora. According to a catalogue prepared by Dr. Barnston, who suc-
ceeded Dr. Papineau as professor of botany in McGill University in 1857
there ai-o in ail about 520 species of spermatophytes and pteridop bytes'.
An inspection of this catalogue reveals many features of great hisiorical
interest, di8clor,ing as it does, very striking changes not only in the flora
of Montreal but in the growth of the city as well, together with the
complete obliteration of localities which must have been remarkable for
their vegetation.

Among those of whom there is but scant record, but whose unassum-
ing work is deserving of notice, is the name of Titus Smith, of Halifax
I'rora accessible accounts, it would seem that when a nmuli boy. Smith
displayed a taste for languages, and an intellectual capacity far beyond
his years. The presentation of the works of Linnfpus to his father by
Governor John Wentworth, seems to have been the probable source of
his taste for botanical science, which, from all accounts of him, he ap-
pears to have cultivated to some purpose. Mr. Smith enjoyed a veiy
high local reputation, and although he was engaged in much work of a
scientific nature, his very retiring disposition seems to have prevented
him from publishing in the scientific journals of the day. Such contri-
butions from his pen as were published always appeared without any
signature in local papers. In 1801 he was instructed by the governor of
the province to make a tour of the forest lands of Nova Scotia, and to
prepare a report on the soil, situation of the lands, the species, quality
and size of the timber, and also to make remarks on such objects of
natural history as he considered of sufficient importance. The journal of
this survey is preserved among the archives of Nova Scotia, and forms a
thick folio volume. It contains a vast amount of information, particu-
larly relating to the botany of the districts examined. The manuscript
journal of another part of Smith's tour of the province, is preserved in
Uie form of a well filled note book among the book, bequeathed to the
Nova Scotia Hi..torical Society by the late Dr. T. B. Akins, and so far as
at present known, none of this material has ever been published.

For a period of about forty years, or until about 1842, Mr Smith's
time was chiefly spent in making surveys of various parts of the pro-
vince, so that ho came to acquire a remarkably accurate knowledge ot
the natural history of the country, and for this he was noted. That his
botanical knowledge was scientific and accurate, would seem to bo im-
plied by the fact that among his correspondents he counted Dr Graham
of Edinburgh, F. Andrd Michaux, J. C. Leredon, and others who wer^
authorities in their day. And yet it is a singular fact that his name has
been completely forgotten. It docs not appear in any of the usual lists
and nowhere have I met with it in the descriptive works bearing on the
flora of this continent. Hooker makes no mention of him in his Flora

8

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Boreali, and we are brought to the concluaion that ho belongs to that
largo number of early botanists who did most excellent work, but of
whom there was no special record, and the remembrance of whom has
disappeared with the generation to which they belonged.

Murdoch says of Smith that he was " Eomarkable for the vast and
varied information he acquired in botany, natural history, etc. With a
familiar knowledge of most that nature and books could teach an inquir-
ing mind he united the unfeigned simplicity and kindness that rendered
him an agreeable visitor as well in the families of our citizens as in the
cottages of the most humble." '

To these early years of the century belongs also the work of John
Goldie. Oui- former knowledge of the work of this botanist has been
recently enlarged by the publication of his diary for 181!) » by his son
James Goldio, of Guelph, Ontario, to whom 1 am indebted for a copy.
Unfortunately this record, although of great interest and value, does not
contain very numy notes on the ])lants of the districts visited, but the
preface contains interesting information respecting Mr. Goldio's work.

Mr. Gohlie's earliest ])rofcssional experience was in connection with
the liotanic Gardens at Glasgow where, as a fellow-student ho became
acquainted with David Douglas, afterwards so well known in connection
with the botany of the western portion of Canada. Later he was selected
as the Government Botanist to ihe ill-fated Congo Expedition, but at the
last moment was fortunately replaced through jiolitical influence. In
1817, at the instance of Mr. William Hooker (afterwards Sir Wm.), ho
sailed for America, whoro he spent two years in botanical exj)loration8.
During this time he made throe separate shipments of plants to England,
but none of these specimens were ever heard from again, and thus were
the fruits of his labours destroyed. It was during this period that ho
discovered and described the fern (Aspidium Gokiianum) which Hooker
named after him, and the original description of which, together with an
excellent figure, is appended to the diary.

Later Mr. Goldie collected lor the St. Tetersburg Gardens and was
enabled to send nuvny rare i)Iant8 to England. During a second visit to
Russia in 18H0, he travelled extensively in Siberia. In 1844 he removed
to Canada where he took up permanent residence, since which time he
appears to have rolinquished his interest in active botanical work.

From the time of the last published works of Tui-sh until 18;}(), in all
about fifteen years, was a period distinguished by remarkable activity in
Arctic oxi)l.)nition, beginning with the expedition of Barrow and ending
with I'ariy. It was within this short period that the expeditions of
rranklin, Ross and Kichardson, of Becchy, Scoresby and Ross and I'ariy

> HlHt. Nov. Scotia, III., 220.

■-Dairy of n Journoy (hrouKli Upper C^anada and some of the New EiiKland
StiitcB, IHIK ; Toronto, Win. Tyrrell & Co., 1807.

•{.^r-'f'^T

[PHNHALLow] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY 9

wore accomplLslu'd, and to them we chiefly owe our early knowledge of
Arctic vegetation. The !.crge amount of material gathered by these expe-
ditions stimulated great scientitic activity, and for the tirst time the names
of W. J. and J. 1). Hooker, as also of Robert Brown, became permanently
connected with the history of Canadian Botany. In 1824, David Douglas,
whose name survives in our well known Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga
Douglasii) undertook a journey to the Northwest, and later to other parts
of British ^orth American possessions, a work which was destined to
leave a marked impress upon the botany of the country.

In 1829, Bachelot de la Pylaie issued a work detailing the results of
his observations ujjon the flora of Newfoundland and the adjacent islands,
and to him we owe the tirst record of the occurrence of Calluna vulgaris
in America.

Within the same period there was a somewhat remarkable advance
in botanical science in the United Sta'es, the result of which was an
important influence upon the progress ■ the science in Canada. In 1817
Amos Katon issued the tirst manual (,. jtany for North America, and in
1H18 Nuttall published his Genera of North Anieiican Plants, to bo
followed in lH4'2 by his im})ortant supplement to the work of the younger
3Iichaux on the North American Sylva. The year 1820 witnessed the
issue of that notable work on the flora of North America by W. P.
Barton, and this was almost immediately followed by important contri-
butions Irom Dr. John Torrey on questions relating to the flora of the
Great Lakes and the ui)|)er waters of the MississipjH, while in I8J6
Schweinitz produced a monogra])h on the North American species of the
genus Carex, accompanied in the same year by an account of his exi)etli-
tion to the source of the St. Peter's Eiver, Lake Winnipeg and Lake of
the Woods.

Following the expedition of Parry in 1328, tliero was a period of
comparative inactivity, during wliich but little real progress appears to
have been made— a i)eriod which was also one of comparative inactivity
among American botanists. During the twenty years from 1880 to 1850,
not a single Canadian botanist of note appeared, and it is to foreign
botanists that we are wholly indebted for such advances as wei-e made
during that time. It was within this period that Katinesque issued his
Now Flora and Hotany of North America, and that Torrey and (iray
l)rought out the fli-st i)art of their Flora of North America. In 1846
Tuckermann'8 first Enumeration of Norlli American Lichens appeared,
to bo followed in rajnd succession by other works of the same kind, while
in 1847 Siillivant i)ublished his first Contributions to the Bryology imd
Ilopaticology oi North America. All of these contributions, wliilJ deal-
ing with the various subjects from the standpoint of the American
botanist, wore destined to produce a profound imjireesion on Canadian
botany, and it yet remains true that wo aro oven now dependent upon

10

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

these works and their successors— more particularly those dealing with
the mosses and lichens— for our general knowledge of the plants with
which they deal.

This period was, nevertheless, notable for two events of more than
ordinary significance. In 183b-, the resuKs already reached by Arctic
exploration were then enlarged by the observations and collections ob-
tained during the expedition of Sir George Back to the mouth of the
Great Fish Itiver. In these results we observe for the first time a serious
attempt to extend the botanical work beyond the mere collection of
plants, and in his pluenological observations, especially those relating to
the temperature of trees, Sir George Back indicated some of the more im-
portant directions in which such scientific work should be prosecuted.

In 1840 the Flora iJorcali Americana made its ap]»earance In this
very important work Sir William Hooker presented a complete summary
ot all the results derived li-om the numerous Arctic and other explora-
tions which had taken place during the preceding thirty years. It was,
tlieivfure, at that time, a complete summary of our knowledge of the
Canadian flora, and it represents for that time what has been accom-
plished more recently in a more extended, though dill'erent way, by
Macoun's Catalogue. It is, in fact, one of the most important ol the few
landmarks which indicate the various stops in the progress of Canadian
botan}'.

With the cxcej)ii()M of Hooker and B^ick, this period is notable for
tne absence of local work an<l <.ur almost complefe dependence upon that
of American investigators; and we thus find the names of Itafinesque,
Gray, Toriey, Tuckerinann aii.l Siillivant standing forth with great pro-
minence as exerting a dominant inlluencc The New Flora of North
America, which Rafinesque issued in 183(i, was intended to be an enlarge-
ment upon the work of his predecessors— that it should, in fact, supplant
and Ite additional to all the botanical works hitherto published in .North
America and the United Slates.

Torrey had already contributetl in important ways to a knowledge
of our flora, but in the (Genera of North American Plants, his studies of
the Cyi)oracea> and more particularly in his Flora which was issued as a
joint work with Dr. (fray, he added very materially to our knowledge,
(iiay, who was later to exert an important infiuence upon (Canadian

botany through his numerous publications, was.during this period, brought
into close Hymi)athy with .cientific progress in Canada not only through
his joint work with Torrey, but through his later publication of tho
Genera of North American Plants.

To Tuckermann we are indebted for the first and most complete 8tu<ly
of the North American Lichens, a work which extended from 1845 when
his first enumeration appeared, until 1882, tiie date of the publication of
his Iu8t ert'orts. Although Tuckcrmann's descriptions are usually so

-VIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

11

[PEXHALLOw] Ji

it must necessarily .t.^^^' C^ ^Z';^""'' ^7 ""'^ ^'^^'ity. and
Yet another new field of nf nZ . ."' ''^'''" '" ^^'^ direction,

by Sullivant who accon Ihed I M I" T^' "^^^ '"'''■"^' ^'^'^ I-'-'«d
what was later done bj iti'ux ^nd t" '"^/" *'"" "'••"■''^- ^"^>-
iH bein^. done by KindbeS Til J'^'»*''«' '^"d within recent years

B.ToIo,.y,.,ands'a«7;:S,f :,:?""-t ""1 I-'-taicing woi in
Hlway. secure ,o hi.a a e n „enM '""'"'' '^'^""'^ ^«' '^"^ must

^'- -non, those of th Tt "st ^ "T ' '"'"''T '"'"'•^^•^' ''^ '^
"I'on which these studies were hLod r . ' '■''■^' '"^'""^'^' collections
ilerbariu.n of" Jlarv^u-d Univl^"" ' "" """""' ^'""^ "' ^^"

ti>o ^:Hc:r;ii;z;:^r;;:;: ;i;r r ^":r ■ ^^"'^^■"^- ""'•'-• ^-

described by 8ir William (ooKr '. ^ '"' ""'^ ""'^''■^' ^^^''^ ^'•'i^fly

accumulate;! durin, a Zul^:;'L~T:'''' '"'^ ^'•^^"""'
iorm the basis of the ,rm«f • 7 i\vcnt>-ti\.. yeai-s, was at louirth to

which hadyet a; ,:::rr ^^^i^vtuT'- '^ ^"''""^''"' ^^-^^

Flora lioreali orVhe bof.nv of th 1^ ! "^•"'^^'- '««"^d his well known

wo are inforn.ed by , 1 lit,; , t! l"' r'"'"" '""'^ "*" '^'•"■«'' ^^"-■'ica. A.

woHhy,,.oducnonl:^''^ru;^^^^^^

oxpeditionsof Sir John 1<V n in C j) RiT i '" """'^" ^'"'■"'^' ^''"

">uler "circumstances of n hn l" i ^■'';"'^'''»" "'>^i ^'^I''- l^nunmond

avoidable circu„.sta,,c.lZf ;''!'. '•' ''"■'^'"'' ""' ^'""^'-•- ^'--
'i">o.aneven,J.owever S s' .^■•^

accumulation ^f new m'a e 1 , 'T"''' ''' "^'^■""' W «ince the

I'"...Was. Mr. Tohuie I, ) ' '^?:^';'"'^'''^^' ^'•-" "- collections of M,-,

-'-y ad.litional spc ie ml. h ttT '"'''"^•'' "'" ^'^■^^'•'"^'-' «*•
attained tinallvnecessita dMuonsums which the work thus

< Wptogams oi :,^r ft Zif r • "' ;:;"^'""-^-" ^'- -'-.e Of tho

dc.n,uo„s_of ...ants .:.:::;;:::;; ,::;:;;;i'-' -^ '- ^^^ «-'-<- or

ex,.lain^*;y*«^';^;;/„^;,;;;^;;^;;;^;^^^ -mo sense misleading, since as

of all Jiri.i.,, naturali . ;; " .S'' ^^"^'v "'"' '" '"'•""'" ^''^' ^-•'^
to those o, Hoechy and ho oZ.t u T f ^^"^^^""'"•" ' ""'i Men.ies,
panys Factories- tie "' *". ^''" ""'''""'^ '^''-^'^'om-

PorMonofNorth Ameri a\;;:^. Xr:o" "" '"'"'"""" "*" "" ^""^

12 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

ill another place ' ho apparently refers more speciiically to thorn when
ho speaks of- botanical productions of Canada which ha\e been received
from the Lady Dalhousie, Mrs. Percival, Mr. Sheppard and Mr. Todd,
etc.,'' and also' refers to "plants of Newfoundland and Labrador, gath-
ered by Dr. Morrison, who afterwards fell a victim to his courage and
love of Hcicnco in oxi)loring Central Africa." To this list may also bo
added the name of Titus Smith, already referred to, and that of Garry,
an officer in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company, one whose name
survives in Fort Garry, now Winnipeg, as also in Quercus Garryana, of
Douglas. A careiul search of the usual records fails to disclose any
iiiformution concerning any of these botanists, who were evidently well
known to Sir William Hooker. It seems probable, therefore, that owing
to their work being wholly confined to collecting, and in the absence of
published writings, their names have gradually fallen into neglect, and
the part they played in the advancement of Canadian botany— imi)ortant
if obscure —cannot now be ascertained, and it is more than probable that
there were many others, of whom all trace has been completely lost.

The year 1850 is noteworthy as marking the commencement of a
period of exceptional activity in botanical research throughout the
civilised world, and in this Canada participated, though not to the same
extent as other luirts of this continent. Nevertheless, our progress since
that time has been due to native botanists in a far greater degree than
formerly. It was at the commencement of this period t hat Dr. Barnston
became known as a botanist of enterprise and ability, and one who
would, had ho lived, have taken an important part in the questions of the

day.

It is to this period also that the late Abb^ Hrunet belongs. This
scientist was well known to the leading i)0tani8ts of his day, and to him
wo owe the foundation of the first botanical museum in the country.
For many years the herbarium at Laval University took j.recedenco
over all othei-s. The Abhd Hrunet was also well known through several
scientific papoi-s, and his death in 1876 involved a distinct loss to the
science ho represented.

To the Abbd Provancher we are indebted for the first distinctively
Ci'.nadian work on tl)0 vegetation of this portion of the continent, ond
his Flore Canadienne has continued to sorvo as an important guide to
a knowledge of the flora of Quiuec. In Lo Naturalisto Canadion,
l'Ahb<; Provanchor also continued to work for tho advancement of
Canadian botany. During the later years of his life ho was local secre-
tary of the Botanical Club of Canada. By his death, in 1892, Canadian
Bcience sufTored a f*)vei-o loss, more particularly as ho was one of the very
few French naturaliBts among us.

> Huolc. Dot. Misc., 1. 02.

~ .::::;*;::■ -:c: • rr - -- --- --.'!

Wgo Lavv.son, of Halifax, lutyll '''"""'^' ''^"" ^''^^ '«te D

Although it has not fbnnod a aJt IfT 1 ''"' -'-' P'-c

W.S ;;" ''"' ^"'" undertaken 1 r i, ^ 7^ '^'"'""^ P-'^^Wem. «
wi h 7'"'^ "'*^"^"« -'^ the iil' , ';;\,^;'^,'^-'' -eon,pii«hed

into the field of ('.....wi; "it'-oduclion of ve/relal.lo „ . . '

ntu., • . ^ 'I'ladian research m.irl-,.,i .• .^ ""'° I'"'»'<>n(o birv
oi hotanica proL'resH Iwi-n n . '"""''*'" a dist not or-i in d, i • Z^''

;*.« .0 .oj, ,.L',:, ';;,: ,„t ::tf ;■ «■"' ■. „„:;;;;;„ ;tz

'"fe'W anpects. '^'"'>' ^^ <^""«^i""n botany, e^peciail/i,! i.J

;;.« COOS'S: 'St^t:^;" ---"te their .are thron.h
*ore,gn botanint^ havo«|«o contimud " "' ''"'"' ^'^"'•^'^ "'"i S
more enpocially tho«e of the IJn ? . '"''''"'^'' «" important infl.l „
situated as to m«ke din. / , "^ ^^"'*'*'' ^''^ ''"ve been so n f '

,J^^^^^^^^^^^ botanist

14

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA ,

whose name stands forth prominenllj' in this later period is Sir J. D.
Hooker, the worthy successor of Sir William Hooker. To him we are
indebted for an extension of our knowledge of Arctic vegetation, his
studies being based upon material collected during the expeditions of
Richardson, J3elcher and McClure, of McClintock and Nares, which latter,
with the exception of the Greely expedition, was the last to add anything
to our previous knowledge of the vegetation of these high latitudes.

Until 1850 no attempt had been made to enter upon a critical study
of our marine vegetation. In 1852, however, under the auspices of the
Smithsonian Institute at Washington, Harvoy commenced to issue a
series of studies of the Marino Alga- of North America, a work which
was not completed until 1858. Although dealing largely with more
southern forms, this work inchulos a number of species common to the
Atlantic ('oast of Canada, and it is therefore entitled to a place here. A
more direct contribution to the marine flora of our coasts was made by
the same author in 18<j2, being an account of AlgR> collected by David
Lyall at Vancouver's Island in 185!)-(Jl. Minor contributions to Canadian
botany were made by Lyall in ISlJiJ, W. L. Lindsay in 18(15, and ly M. J.
Berkely in 1875.

Among the American botanists who gained prominence in this
period we tirst encounter the name of Jioot, who, as an authority on tlie
Cariccs, described those plants collected during the expedition of Sir John '
Richardson. Later, the well-known names of Eaton (I). C.) and Farlow
appeared, and within very recent date we find the names of Kills and
Everhart as authorities upon a very extensive and dilficult group of fungi.
Canadian botany will always rest under the greatest obligations to Prof.
C. S. Sargent for the highly important work he has accomplished in
advancing our knowledge of that great forest-wealth which is so rapidly
disappearing. Jn his contributions to the 10th Census of the United
States on the Forestry of North America, he gave at once the most con-
ci.se and authoritative work on the distribution of forest trees on this con-
tinent ever issued, and as a contribution to scientific and economic botany
it must ever hold an imiiortant ])laco. The superb Sylva, a voluminous
work of twelve large volumes, now in course of |mblication, stands with-
ouL a ])eer. It is a worthy compendium of the laborious and accurate
work of botanists from the days of Michaux, Pui-sh and Nuttall to the
present time. While it is jjcrhaps a source of mortitication to feel that
the conditions of scientific progress here are such as to render works of
this character practically im|)08sible in Canada, it is also a source of great
gratification to feel that the rich endowment of science which is so pro-
minent a feature in the advancement of our neighbours to the south of
the lino, as also the cultivation of that generous spirit of brotherhood in
science, a spirit which recognises no artificial limitaticms, permits us to
share its i.dvantagea as If it wore our own.

IS

[---.COW] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

Botanic Gardens,
Halifax.

settlement of Halifax by Cornwall,- in 17 " 1?' f ^ ^^"''''' ^* ^''^
the town was set apart as common to be d^'Jf . " u '' ''"'' P^''^'^" «f
poses or the use of the town Tn f ' . ^^^'^ '''^^^'' *» military nur

the fortl.eatio„. were ^uHt "wl "1 ,:: ^^ '^^ ^ ^->- -Citacil S.
.mo as shooting ground. Gradua l/^uc lofT "."".'"' ""' '"^^ ^''"^
and converted into Holds. About lirtvor / '''"^ ^'''^^ ''•^^'"i'ned

nu3n interested in the cultivation of f/uitarH.r"' T ' ""'»'^«'- "^'
e.ty a conces..ion of several acres ot .1 i. '"'' "'^^'"'""^ ^'-""i the

and for many yea,, raised fufl" J ',:?"'""" T"^'"' ^'^^'•>' ^--^ -,
An admission to the grounds was also ch; 7'"'!''^'"' "'"'•^' "'-''^ -'^
concession gradually pas,sed wtv tL ^ " ^' '^' ''«"^''-« «f thi..
debts aecumula.ed.' Fina Iv.ab:^^.; t enU^'r^^' '"""^ "^^"^^'^^^ -"^
flon culturi«t8 ,vho ,vere at . I,., M- *''*■" ^^^■^' .Vears ago, two zealous

Mccuio.. and Willi::: It:' - :,;r xr,r "'^' ^^--^'-^^

out the interests of the llorticul u ] s ^ '"""^•*' ^''^^^ buy

ejther surrendered their interesror^oldn"^'' ""' "^""'"''^ «^' -'-'^
-ty thus secured the entire , ro .er v". '• If" T, " '"'"""' ■•'^'^ '^'^^^
onee added a large tract of he • d L 7 ""'""^ ^""'"•«' ""^ "t

rendered possible largely thro u^h tt '• ""'^- ^''"''^ ^'^'^''g- ^as

tations of Michael I^tyer Js^ a ' ,^^'"7^^':^' "''<J i"«nential represe, -
liulifax, and a mon^!:o/Zu^ '"'f ^""' commercial man f
P-I--ty had tor so long ZS^^X^^ ""T"'' " "''"^« ^"""^« t^'^
one-half acres, and is diversitie i, /i f '" '""^'"''""^ "^'^^^ "nd
^n-ubbery,and while no attenp s n e l""'^"^ ''""""' "''^^^ «-'
the general treatment is desired "'^""^ seiuntific work

«h.ubs, and to .ome exf .t f 'o'' fl'Xr? « knowledge of trees and
the .kilful management of the ° . "''"""^' herbaceous j.lantn. Under
.a.den enjoy« a Sde r;;,*.?: TTZ^'^''' '''' ^'^''-^ ^^^wer/tt

Kingston.

it« objects by * * * ^.^ITnlt oT,^^^^^^^^

Ph'mB of Canada; the intro due " nd dil^ i/"f>""°"^ "'"' ^^'"--^

Hcc-ds adapted u, the wants of tlu> cou U v '^T "" "' '""^ '•'"'"« ">'<'

oulturo, forest conservation, and the . (m ' Tn ""'^^''"'^^''^ *"• "'•'^<'>i-

-•--P.-s,t,ethorwiththe,u;h:rnt'^^^^^

16

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

resullH arrived at, and the information brought together by the above
means. The ultimate establishment of a botanical and experimentnl
garden shall bo held in view as an important means of carrying out the
Society's objects." '

This was the second attempt in Canada to found a botanic garden, a
movement which had its origin at the hands of him who also founded
the Botanical Society. Like the latter, it was short lived, and tor the
same reasons ceased to have existence at a time when active work had
but fairly begun.

Montreal."

Dating from the year 1850 various suggestions for and attempts to
form a botanic garden in Montreal have been made, but it was not until
1885 that these eflbrts took practical shai)o, when, under legislative
enactment an association was formed under the name of the Montreal
Botanic Garden Association, the otHcers of which were Rev. E. W. Nor-
man, chairman of the board of management ; Prof D. P. Penhallow,
director, and H. S. Evans, secietary ; these together with Dr. T. Steriy
Hunt, Hon. Louis Beaubien and Alderman R. Holland, forming the
board of management.'

The work of organization was actively prosecuted and plans for the
necessary conservatories were secured. A very large amount of pre-
liminary work was accomplished, and one report was issued.* Private
citizens were prepared to contribute largely to the maintenance and
endowment of the gardens, but the ultimate failure of tlio city to grant
the necessary land already promised, brought the work to an abrupt
termination at the close of the second year's operations.

MoGiLL University.

In 1890 a second attempt was made to establish a garden in Mon-
treal. At that time McGill University, feeling that a gai-den was
urgently needed in order to provide opportunities for practical study
secured by lease, a beautifully situated lot of nine acres at Cote des
Neiges. To the plant-houses already situated there, the University added
another for the special accommodation of the Australasian collection,
which now forms a notable feature of the garden losources. The con-
servatories embrace a total ground area of 4,600 square feet, and com-

I Ann. Bot. Soc. Can. 1861, 0, 14.

» For an interesting historical account of the Gardens of Montreal, reference
may be made to The Canadian Horticultural Manaaine, vol. I, published by the
Montreal Horticultural Society.

» 10th Ann. Kept. Mont. Hist. Soc. 1884. 21.

* Ist Ann. Kept. Mont. Botanical Garden Aiis'n. 1880.
nth Ann. Report Mont. Hist. Soc. 18H6. 133.

xliiMiliiMaaiiliMidM

[PHNHALIXJW]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

17

prise three temperate houses and one mixed stove house. The collection
includes a large representation of type groups suited to purposes of
instruction, and an especially valuable collection of Australasian plants
chiefly derived from donations by the late Baron Von Mueller of Mel-
bourne.

The garden proper contains a large representation of plants, and
aff'ords invaluable resources in conjunction with the conservatories, for
the prosecution of practical studies. About 275 students annually receive
the benefits of the advantages thus ofl'ered. The gardens are open to the
public daily without charge, and students are supplied with special
tickets which secure to them the use of such material as they may re-
quire for independent study.

Ottawa.

When the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa was established in
1887, the plans contemplated the formation of an arboretum and botanic
garden, with the object of bringing together all the native species of
plants, and also of testing the hardiness and adaptibility to the climate
of Ottawa, of shrubs and trees growing in northern climates in other
parts of the world.

The actual work of the garden was begun in 1889, when 210 species
were planted. The direct management, at first in the hands of the
entomologist and botanist, Dr. Fletcher, was later transferred to Mr. W.
T. Macoun. In 1894 the arboretum and garden included 1,000 trees and
nearly 200 species and varieties of herbaceous plants, while the close of
the year 1835 saw these numbers raised to 1,800 and 1,000 respectively.

Supplementary gartlens are also established at each of the experi-
mental farms for the several provinces, which serve an important pur-
pose in solving questions of a local character and as local centres of dis-
tribution.

Botanical Societies.

Montreal.

So far as can be learned, only throe attempts to found botanical
societies in Canada have been made. The first two founded were very
short lived, while the third and most recently organized, is altogether
too young to admit of any reasonable forecast as to its future career and
usefulness.

The first of these societies was founded on the 28th of March, 1855,
and was known as the Botanical Society of Montreal, an organization
which largely owed its existence to the enthusiasm and energy of Dr.

Sec. IV., 1897. 2.

mmammimhm

Nl|^*t)lUIIIHIlllHMiK^W««»>'

^^^S^9^B191

■WiM -I mil

if,

18

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

James Barnston, whoso untimely death early in the spring of 1858
brought its short but active career to an abrupt termination.'

One of the very few mementoes of the society is to bo found in an
ocfanional copy of the "Objects and Constitution of the Botanical Society
of Montreal," issued in small pamphlet form. From this wo learn that
although the society was instituted in 1855, it was nearly a year later
before a constitution was adopted. Under it, Principal (now Sir William )
Dawson was the first and probably the only president, the other olfices
being filled by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, John Cf. Barnston, Dr. James Barnston,

Eev. A. F. Kemp, Dax^id A. Poe, George Shepherd and Bergholts!

The society loft little record of its work. Two papers read before it by
George Barnston and Eev. A. F. Kemp aj)pear to summarise the full
extent of its work in this direction. ^ As indicated by the constitution,
however, one object of the society was the building up of "a complete
herbarium of the native plants of Canada, and the collection of the
various vegetable products of the country." This ooject appears to have
been realized only with respect to the first part, and the few hundred
])lants thus brought together were deposited in the museum of the
Natural History Society of Montreal, where they may now be found.

Kingston.

" Towards the latter end of November, 1860, a proposal was made to
organize a botanical society. There being no such Institution in opera-
tion in Canada, it was thought that much benefit might result from its
establishment." Such are the terms in which a description of the origin
of the second botanical society to be founded in Canada, finds its intro-
duction. The Botanical Society of Canada, having its headquarters at
Queen's College, Kingston, owed its origin to the energy and ability of
the late Dr. George Lawson, who was at that Mme professor of botany at
Queen's, and who was destined at a later date to found the Botanical
Club of Canada. In consequence of wholly unforeseen circumstances
which involved the removal of Dr. Lawson to Halifax, the society came
to an abrupt termination within one year. Nevertheless, in the very
short period of its existence, it displayed great vigour and ga%'e ])romi8o of
a most useful career. It published one volume of Annals of 108 pages,
from the contents of which mo observe that the society wt s not only able
to collect much valuable material, but that it had enlistee the sympathy
and active co-operation of a lai-ge number of the Icadi ig botanists of
Europe and America.

1 Can. Nat. III. 224. Ctm. Nat., New Ser., IX, 187,
•' Can. Nat. II. 12, 145.

_

"ffirAmmm

[PBNHALLOW]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

19

Botanical Club.

i«o,^V^n'""''"f'' ""^ ^''' ^"^''' ^'^"''^*>' of Canada, hold at Montreal in
18.) I, Dr. (xeorgc Lawson, of Halifax, introduced to the fourth section a
question re ativo to the expediency of establishing u botanical society for
the ^vholo Dominion. Upon the report of a special committee, the section
adopted a resolution favouring the organization ..r.such an associatu,n to
be affihated with the Eoyal Society on the sa.uo tcr.ns as other societies
I was thus that the Botanical Club of Canada came into existence, with
Dr. Dawson as its Hrst president and J)r. A. 11. MacKay. of Halifax, as its
secretary. The scheme of organization contemplated the appointment of
a secretary for each province, by whom the work would be distributed
through the medium of local secretaries in such districts as would war-
rant their appointment.

The annual report for 1805 shows that in the throe yeai- of its exis-
tciice, the club has accomplished a largo amount of good w-rk and that
Its usefulness is growing year by year. The membership at the present
time numbers 201, and h. steadily increasing. The work of the club is
largely directed toward stimulating an interest in the study of botany
nmong the pupils of the various .schools throughout the country, and to
this end both encouragement and assistance are given in the study of
various local floras, and in the formation of herbaria. Plants requiring
determination are .sent to the secretary of each province, or to Prc'f
31acoun at Ottawa, who has kindly undertaken to do a large share of
this work. Apart from this purely educational work, the club has also
undert^aken a series of pluunological observations, which will continue
for a long series of years, and which in coarse of , ime must prove of
great scientific value.

Scientific Societies.

In addition to those si)cieties which are designed primarily or
wholly for the cultivation of botanical science, we^ find a number of
others which include botany among the various subjects with which
they deal. The most important of these are the JTew Brunswick ^^atural
History Society; The Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club ; The Hamilton Asso-
ciation for the Promotion of Science, Literature ar J Art; The Nova
Scotia Distituto of Science ; The Canadian Institute ; The Natural His-
tory Society of British Columbia. All of these societies have exerted
an important influence in the development of Canadian botany and
their publications contain many valuable contributions to this subject
notabl> those of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club ; The Natural His-
tory Society of Montreal ; and the New Brunswick Natural History

20

H* >YAL SOuIETT OF CANADA

Society, tt«,| ire may thorn lore look to these puhn.Htions as authentic
mnirvvn .vt' the history of botanical progress for the sevtrai provinces.

Botanical ^Collections.

One of ik^ hoHt indications of the position Htained by botanical
science in any w^untr-^- is to be found in the extent and character of the
collections, more especially of the herbaria, since these at once represent
the extent to which the science has been made a living one. Although
it is impossible to make any correct comparison as to the relative im-
portance of an efficient working library and extensive collections, since
each is of the very first importance, and both are absolutely essential
in the life of any institution where biological science is made a living
force, it is undoubtedly safe to say that in its relation to the public at
large, a thoroughly equipped botanical museum in which plants and
plant products in their multitudinous forms, as applied to the variouo
wants of man, whether in art, science or industrial processes, are dis-
played in their proper relations, ia an educational factor of the greatest
value, offering as it must opportunities for the extension of knowledge
along the lines of least resistance. It is an appreciation of this fact
which has led to the gradual upbuilding of all the great botanical collec-
1 'ns of the world, and in any comprehensive survey of botanical progress
they must be taken into consideration.

Geological Survey.

The most extensive herbarium in Canada is that of the Geological
Survey at Ottawa. This collection had its origin in 1860, when Prof.
Macoun commenced systematic collections in various parts of Ontario
and opened exchanges with several of the leading systematic botanists of
the United States. At the time of the Centennial Exposition at Phila-
delphia in 1876, these collections had grown to such dimensions that a
large and rop'-esentative herbarium of specimens from various parts of
Canada was e;>hibited, and afterwards deposited in the herbarium of
McGill College. A second collection was exhibited at Paris in 1878, and
later deposited in the herbarium at Kew. By lH82 the collections of
Canadian plants had become so extensive that the Government was led
to purchase it for use in connection with the work of the Geological Sur
vey, and its former owner was appointed as curator.

Since then the herbarium has experienced a rapid growth both by
the collection of native species and the acquisition of foreign specie*
through the aiedii:;*. of exchange. It embraces practically all known
Cftnadian species, as 'I in a very large representation from the United
States. Natal, Eh:-. \ • ;; i,nd (\ '.istralia are represented by valuable

81

[PKNHALLOW] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

collections. Through the kind assistance of Dr. Warming of Copen-
hagen, Prof. Biytt of Christiania, ai. ' Br. Kindbtz j,' of Linkoping, a verj'
nearly complete series representing the flora of Northern Europe has been
obtained.

One of the most important features of the herbarium is a series of
plants collected by the earlier explorers, and representative of nearly all
the plants described in Hooker's Flora Boreali Americana. This very
important addition was made through the courtesy of the Director of the
Eri iuli Miv^euni of Natural History. The herbarium, as now constituted,
embraccfi T 0,000 sheets.

McGiLL University.

The foundation of the McGill College Herbarium was laid in the
gift of the collections of Dr. A. F. Holmes, the first professor of botany
in the Medical Faculty. Subsequently, under the direction of Sir Wil-
liam Dawson, a number of additions were made, chiefly as derived from
students' collections. In 1816 Prof. Macoun deposited his centennial
collection with the College, and it has lately been incorporated with th.
University herbarium, to which it was donated by the Geological Sur-
vey. In 1883 the material thus brought together was properly mounted
and systematically arranged, and since that date extensive additions
hav.: been made both by gift and by purchase. These additions are
representative of Australasia, India, Japan, South Africa, South America,
and Northern Europe. The collection now embraces about 30,000 speci-
mens.

The economic collection includes an important group of plant pro-
ducts chiefly from India, comprising dyes, foods and textiles, and speci-
mens illustrating nearly all the Canadian timber trees, as well as manv of
those of the United States. ''

In addition there is a special collection embracing all known species
of North American trees and shrubs, prepared for special research work
and represented by (a) hand specimens, (6) microscopical preparations
and (c) sections prepared for the microscope, but kept in bulk. These
preparatit-1? constitute the type material employed by Prof. Penhallow
in the prosecution of si^ecia. researches connected with a classification of
woody plants.

Laval University.

The herbarium of Laval University at Quebec is the oldest in Canada
having been formed by tlio late Abbd Brunet in 1860, during his occupa'
tion of the chair of botany. " The Canadian plants which the herbarium
now contains were gathered for the most part by himself, and are the

22

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

iruit of twelve years of earnest work." ' The plan of Abb^ Brunet in-
cluded the formation of a general botanical museum, which now com-
prises " :

" 1° Une collection de bois canadicns employes dans I'industrie et
aj'ant une valeur commerciale.

" 2° Plusieurs collections de bois preparees spdcialement pour I'dtude.
La principale est cello de nos v^gdtaux ligneux indigenes, qui est une des
pins completes de I'univorsite.

" li" I'lusioui-s collections de bois exotiques : entre autrcs. une col-
lection tr^s rcmarquable des bois de commerce qui se vendent sur les
march(?8 d'Angleterre.

" 4° Une collection de fruits artificicis d'une rare beauts, auxquels
on peut rapportor les nombrouses vari^t^s de pommes, poircs, prunes,
p6ches, etc.

" 5° Une collection de champignons artificicis, comprenant les cham-
pignons comestibles, les champignons suspects et les champignons v6n6-
neux.

" La dernii^re salle coiitient I'herbier, ou plutot la collection des her-
biers de provenances diverses, tons authcntiquos, qui composcnt T
I'herbier Amuricain (plantes du Canada et des Etats Unis) ; 2° I'herbier
general. L'herbier Amdricain so compose des collections tie C. C. Parrj',
E. Hall et J. B. Harbour, do Chs. S. Geyer, do N. Rield, de Loidenberg',
de M. "Vincent, plus un grand nombro d'^chantillons fournis par Mosor,
Smith et Durnnd. Plusieurs plantes sont ^tiquetdes de la main mOme de
Nuttall et do Rafinesque.

" Les plantes du Canada ont 6t6 recueillies en grande partie par I'abb^
O. Brunet. Les individus douteux ont ett^ compares i\ ceux de I'herbier
do Michaux i\ Paris, et de Sir W. Hooker, .1 Kew. D'autres ont dti'
nomni(''8 par M. Asa Gray, le Dr. Engelmann et autres botanistes de
renom.

"L'horbiordo I'univorsitd contient plus do 10,000 plantes. II s'est
enrichi dorni6j-oment d'un bon nombro d'cchantillons donnds par M. N.
St. Cyr, curateur du musdo do I'lnstruction Publique, et par M. lo Dr.
Macoun, F. R. S. C, do la Commission Gdologiqiie Canadionne. Cos
dorni^res esptH'Os vionnont toutes du Nord-Ouest Canadien et prdsentent
par consequent un intdret tout particulier.

" Pour avoir uno idi'o plus conipl6to des richesHos do cc musdo, il fau-
draity ajoutor uno collection dos bois de la Nouvolle-Zdlando, une autre
des bois de coinmerco du Nord-Ouest et do la Colombio-AnglaiHo, oniin
touto uno sdrio do typos intdrcssants, dostindo i\ illustror un grand
nombro do cas do ddveloppemonts anornuuix de nos tiges ligneusos, do
grtifTes natiirelloB, do maladies on do parasitismo vdgdtal."

' Can. Hoc. Sec. III., 400.

• Ann. du L'Unlv. r,avnl, 180fl-l)7, Ofi.

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A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

23

University op New Brunswick.

At the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Prof. Bailey
reports that there are about one thousand herbarium specimens, in addi-
tion to which there are collections of native woods, seeds and fruits.
These collections represent material brought together first by Dr. James
Robb, but subsequently greatly added to by Dr. Bailey's own efforts, as
well as by purchase and donation.

Queen's University.

Prof. W. J. Fowler informs mo that the herbarium under his care
includes about 13,500 species, represented by about 25,000 specimens,'

King's College.

The botanical collections of the University of King's College, Wind-
sor, Kova Scotia, are represented by a herbarium containing about 2,000
specimens. There is no special arrangement, but the ])lants are distri-
buted among several small collections of indigenous and foreign species,
the largest individual collection being the Cogswell Herbarium of plants
from (ireat Britain, embracing about 1,000 specimens

In this presentation no attempt lias been made to obtain statistics of
private herbaria, of which there arc many, some of very considerable im-
portance, and it would bo a very decided service to Canadian botany
if a reliable li.'it, showing their size, location and special features, were
to be prepared. A summary of the herbaria of the various institutions
of learning as far as heard from, is as follows :

University of New Hrunswick 1,000

KiiiK'-s Collfge, Nova Scotia 2,(XK)

I.aviil University, Qupl)ec 10,(KI0

Queen's University, Kinfjcston 10,(KK)

Mctiill University, Montreiii !«),000

Geological Survey, Ottawa 7(l,0iH»

Summary,

As wo now look buck over liie throe hundred and thirty-seven
years that have passed since Thevet published his account of "The New
Founde World," wo are naturally led to ask wluit great movements are
to bo noted in the development of botanical science here, movemonta
which are pmvly local in character and origin? Until the close of the
eighteenth century but few events stand I'orth with special proiuinence.
The visit of Didrovillo to Nova Scotia in 1706 resulted in the conveyance

> Of these, the majority are the private property of Prpf. Fowler, so that the
University ooltectlon is reduced to about lO.OOJ.

t-

84

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

to France of very irajTOrtant collections upon which Tournofort based
his descriptions of many Canadian species. To the missionaries — Henne-
pin, who preserved the records of the ill-fated expedition of La Salle,
Charlevoix, whose statements of fact are to be taken only after careful
scrutiny, and Latitau, who is chiefly notable for his having brought
ginseng into great commercial prominence — we are certainly indebted for
some of the most extended accounts of the vegetation of Canada during
that early period. But the work which commands special consideration
on account of its being the first distinctively devoted to the botany of
this country, is the " History of Canadian Plants," published by Cornuti
in 1635.

A century later the physicians Sarrasin and Gauthier, attached to
the Court at Quebec, performed important services to botanical science,
and their names have been perpetuated in the genera Sarracenia and
Gaultherin.

The explorations of Kalm and Michaux, as also of Menzies, greatlj'
enriched our knowledge, but such expeditions as that of Mackenzie in
1789, from which much should have been obtained, were barren of
results.

It would thus appear that with the exception of Sarrasin and
Gauthier, who were actually in residence and who died here, and also the
missionaries IIennoi)in, (Charlevoix and Latitau, there was no advance-
ment in botanical knowledge from internal sources. And while their
work was valuable, it was not extended, and cannot be said to have
made any very profound impression upon the development of the science-

The results attained by Kalm and Michaux, as also by Bidreville
and Menzies, all had their origin in, and were phases of the development
of botanical science in i']ur()i)e. The same is also true of Cornuti's work.
Nevertheless, since the latter, together with Michaux's Flora Horeali, are
the two works which stand out with greatest prominence, as making a
distinct impression upon the development of Camulian botany prior to
1800, they nuiy freely be regarded as the land marks of the s'ience in
the earlier colonial ])eriod, the one for the middle of the seventeenth, the
other forming a fitting dose to the eighteenth century.

The great land marks of the ])re.senl century arc to be foimd flret in
that very noteworthy jproductinn by Sir William Hooker, ''The Flora
Boreali Americana." Although for excellent reasons this work fell far
sliort of the original design, it stands today as tho best and only work
of its kind on the jdants which Ijelong distinctively to this part of North
America. Ik-ing based, as the descriptions are, upon material iu)llected
by the various Arctic ex])editions, by Hrilish naturalists on s|H'tial mis-
sions, and by oflicers of the Hudson's Hay Company, it stands as an
epitome of all those labours which have accomplished ho much in the
advancement of Canadian botany, but which wore, novortheiess, side
iuauus in the dovolopujonl of Euro|teuii botany.

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A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

SB

The introduction of paltcobotany by Sir "William Dawson opened up
entirely new fields of research, and has led to results of the highest value
respecting our knowledge of the vegetation which flourished in earlier
periods of the earth's history. Within recent years, the wol-k accom-
plished by the Geological Survey as embodied in Prof. Macoun's cata-
logue, has added immensely to our knowledge of distribution, and it has
also brought to light many new species. The significance of this work
cannot be properly estimated at this time, for although its value in rela-
tion to future systematic studies is well understood, it is impossible to
measure the bearing which it must have 'n time to come, upon the geo-
logical relations of plants. Both of those events, therefore, significant
as they are, and peculiarly indigenous in their origin and growth, must
be regarded as the two great land marks of this century.

As we survey the present position of botanical science in Canada, we
cannot feel that either actually or relatively it otters very much for con-
gratulation, a view which is not only justified by the facts as they exist,
but one which is also enforced by the conviction that an undue satis-
faction with existing conditions, is ample guarantee that the future
holds no betterment in view. Our universities are yet doing in large
measure what more ])roperly belongs to the high schools, and with one
or two exceptions, no attempt is made to carry on the higher work of
the science. Of research work com|)aratively little has been done, that
which has been so far accomplished being confined to one or two univer-
sities and conducted for the most part under great ditticulties. This
condition is the necessary result of the fact that in only two of our
higher institutions have laboratories for the prosecution of advanced
work been established, and our stvidents who wish to engage in the
higher ])roblems of the science are, in most cases, compelled to go else-
where whore there are more ample facilities. Botanic gardens have
been projected, but in most cases have failed to survive a verj' brief
existence. The garden established at, Ottawa under (ioveriiment patron-
age and control, seems destined to have a ])ermanent and u.seful career.
The garden of Mcfrill University — established after many years of hard
labour, and maintained in the face of great obstacles, is accomplishing an
important educational work.

Of botanical societies wo have only one, the two attempts made in
former years having been abandoned in each case at the end of one year.

pA'onomic (luoslions of broad application and great material imjior-
tance have as yet taken but little hold either upon the scientific or the
political section of the community. In Europe grtuit caro is liestowod
upon the forests ; (special schools are maintained for the purpose of
securing a scientific training to those who are to have the oversight of
this great source of national wealth, and a large and efik-iont corps of
foresters is maintained for this purpose. In the United States the same

26

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

question is now seriously engaging the attention of Government, and
large sums of money are expended in the prosecution of scientific re-
search bearing upon the preservation of forest lands and the economic
application of timber.

Enormous sums of money are annually involved in the destruction
of crops by the operation of disease and parasitic growths, and in the
investigation of their causes and prevention, the United States Govern-
ment wisely expends Hnuch effort and money. At the present time
pathology forms a leading feature in the work of the various experiment
stations throughout the United States. Although the Experimental
Farm at Ottawa is doing important work in this direction, questions of
this kind have, as yet, taken no serious hold with us.

It is therefore clear that so long as we are content with present con-
ditions, we must be satisfied to occupy a secondary position, and continue
to be dependent ui)on others for much that should be reckoned among
our common resources.

While, therefore, the immediate future of Canadian botanical
science does not seem to otter the brilliant prospect which we all desire,
we may hope for much better things than the past has revealed. It is
to our universities that we turn in the hope that they may, at an early
date, appreciate the need of supplying laboratories for research with all
the necossar}- resources to be found in ample herbaria, gardens and
libraries, and thus retain within our own borders those students who are
now compelled to seek the advantages they desire in foreign institutions.

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A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

27

BIBLIOGRAPHY.'

Alexander, Sir James E.

B., Scotland, 180? ; d., April 2nd, 1885.

1. L'Acadie ; or Seven Years Explorations in British America.

Contains an account of the plants of New Brunswick.
Bib. : Cent. Cyc. of Names, iia.

Allex, Rev. .1. A.

2. Alpine Flora of the Province of Quebec.

Can. Nat. N. Ser., X., 417.
Bib. : Bib. Canadensis, Morgan, 1807. 8.

Ami, Henry M., Asst. Palieontolojj;lst Geological Survey of Canada; b.. Belle
Riviore, Quo., Nov. 23r(l, 1858.

3. The Flora of Montebello.

Can. Rec. Scl., III., 315.

4. On the Occurrence of Sherardia arvensis L., in Canada.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XIV., 14.

5. Flora Tern iscouatensis.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XV., 134.

Anderson, A. C.

0. Vegetation of British Columbia.

Can. Nat. N. Ser., VIII., 148.

Ander-son, Nicolas Joh an.

B., Stifte, Linkiiping. Sweden, 1821.

7. Saliccs Boreali Americana^ : a synopsis of the North American Willows.

Proc. Am. Acad., IV., iiO.
Bib : Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 0 ; Proc. Am. Acad., IV., 50 ; Can. Nat. III.,
311 ; R. Soc. Cat. Sc. Papers. I., 05.

'Jachelot de la Pvlaie, A1T0U.STE .Iean Marie.

B., Marseilles, France, May 25th, 1780 ; d., Marseilles, 1850.
Calluniv vulgaris probably first observed in Canada by him.

8. Flore de I'lsle de Terre-Neuve et des Isles St. Pierre et Miclon. Paris, 1829.

Ann. Sci. Nat., .V.. 174. 1824.
Bib. : Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., II. ; Casscll's Blog. Diet., 190 ; Can. Nat. N.
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Back, Sir Georoe.

B., Stockport, Eng., Nov. 0th, 1700; d., London, June 23rd, 1878.
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Rivor. lAjndon, IKJO.
It com iins (a) Temperature of Trees. App. VI., 600.

(6) List of Plants as determined by Sir W. J. Hooker.
App. n.,52;».
Bib. : Cent. Diet, of Names ; R. Soc. Cat., I., 140 ; Diet. Nat. Blog. II., 818.

> Thli lilt extontli from iHOfllo 18)5 only. In h ffw pxcvptlonitl caiei, where there ieemeii to b« •
■pocid reiion for lo doinv, a few later caivi have bvin Incluili'd.

mmmr^

L

28

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

10.
11.

12.

Bailey, Lorino Woart.

B., West Point, N. Y., Sept. 28th, 1839.

Prof Chemistry and Natural History, Univ. of New Brunswick,
P redencton, N.B. '

Notes on the Diatoniaceiw from the St. John River

Can. Nat., VIII., HI
Notes on the Geology and Botany of New Brunswick.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., I., 81.
Woods and Minerals of New Brunswick, being a descriptive catalogue pre-
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and Edward Jack. Fredericton, 1876

13. Elementary Natural History, with special reference to the Minerals. Plants

and Anmials of New Brunswick. St. John 1887

14. Desmids and Diatoms.

Amer. Nat., I., 505.587.
Bib. : R. Soc. Can., XII., 5; Bib. Canadensis, Morgan, 1867, 16.
Bali., Rev. Edward H.

B., England, 1843.

15. Indigenous Ferns of Nova Scotia.

Proc. ,<. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, IV.. 146, V., 13.

BARN.STON, GeOROE,

ifl w 1 ^•' ^'^'"''"''K''' Scotland ;d., Montreal. Canada, March 14th, 1883.

16. Remarks upon the Geographical Distribution of the Order Ranunculace^

throughout the British Possessions of North America
Can. Nat. II., 12.
:7. Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of the Cruciferffi throughout the
British Possessions of North America
Can. Nat., IV., 1.
On a collection of Plants from British Columbia, made by Mr. James
Richardson in the summer of 1874.
Can. Nat., N. S., VIII., 00.

19. Geographical Distribution of the Genus Allium in British North America

Can. Nat., IV., 110,

20. Sketch of the liite of David Douglas.

Can. Nat., V., 120, 200, 207, 329.

21. Observations on the Progress of the Seasons as affecting Animals and

Vegetables at Mftrtin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bav
Edin. New Phil. Jn'l, XXX., 252.
Bib. : Can. Nat., N. Ser., X., 407 ; R. Soc. Cat.

fiARNSTON, James.

B., Norway House, Hudson's Bay Territory, July 3rd 18;U • d
Montreal, Canada, May 20th, 1858. ' ' "'

22. General Remarks on the Study of Nature, with special reference to Botany

Can. Nat., II., 'M. ■'"

23. Hints to Young Botanists regarding the Collection, Naming and Preserving

of Plants. "

Can. Nat., II., 127.

24. Introductory Lecture to the Course on Botany, delivered before the Students

of Arts and Medicine, McGill University, Session 1857.
Can. Nat. 11., :m.

25. Catalogue of Canadian Plants in Ju- Holmes Herbarium In the Cabinet of

the University of McGill College.
Can. Nat.. IV., 101.
Bib. : Can. Nat. III., «24 ; R. Soc. Cat.

18.

L

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A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

29

Bahrow, Sir John, Bart.

B., 1764; d., 1848.

26. Voyage into the Arctic Regions. London, 1818.

Bib. : Pritz. Tiies. Bot. Lit., 471 ; Appleton's Cyc. Biog., 78.

Barton, Benjamin Smith.

B., Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 10th, 1766 ; d., Philadelphia, Pec. 19, 1815.
Bartoniii of Wildenow.

27. Geographical View of the Trees of North America between latitudes 71 and

2.5, with plates. Philadelphia, 1809.
Bib. : Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872, 15 ; App. Cyc. of Biog., 79 ; Cent. Cyc.
of Names, 125; R. Soc. Cat., 1., 199 ; Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, Phila.,
1744 18;«, 327, 342, 362, 459; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, Phila., 1,
XVIIL

Barton, William Paul Crillon.

B., Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 17th, 1786; d., Philadelphia, Feb. 29th,
1856.

28. Flora of North America.

3 Vols., ill. Philadelphia, 1820-1823.
Bib. : Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872, 15 ; Cent. Cyc. of Names, 125 ; B. Soc,
Cat., Sc. Papers, I., 200.

Bell, John.

29. The Plants of the West Coast of Newfoundland.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., V., 54, IV., 256.

Bell, Robert.

B., Toronto, Canada, June 3rd, 1841.

Assistant Director Geological Survey of Canada.

30. The Natural History of the I,ower St. Lawrence, the Saguenay and Lake St.

John.
Geol. Surv. of Canada, 1857.

31. Catalogue, with notes, of Animals and Plants collected on the Southeast

Side of the St. Lawrence from Quebec to Gasp6,
Geol. Surv. of Canada, 1868.

32. The Northern Limits of the principal Forest Trees of Canada east of the

Rocky Mountains, with map of distribution.
Geol. Surv. of Canada, 1879-80.

33. On the Natural History of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Can. Nut., IV., 241.

34. The Forests of Canada.

Can. Rec. Sc, IL, 65.
36, Catalogue of Plants collected on the South and East Shores of Lake Supe-
rior, and on the North Shore of Lake Huron.
Ann. Bot. Soc. Can., Kingston, 1801.

36, The Trees and Shrubs growing around Lakes Superior and Huron.

Ann. Bot. Soc. Can., Kingston, 1861,
Bib. : Trans. R. Soc. Can., XII., 8,

BERKrLEY, Miles Joseph,

B., Biggin, Northamptonshire, England, April Ist, 1803; d., Sib-
bestoft, England, July 30th, 1889.

37, Notices of North American Fungi,

Grevlllea, I., IV.

38, Enumeration of the Fungi collected during the Arctic Expedition of 1875-76.

Jnl Lin, Soc, XVIL, 13.

...,.L

30 ROYAL SOCIETY- OF CANADA

39. Contributions to North American Fungi.,

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2, XII., 417 ; .3, IV. 284
Bib. : Pritz. Tlies. Bot. Lit., 1872, 24 ; Jacltson, 521 ; Jn'I Bot., 1889 305 •
Scott's Nat. Biog., 1889. 145 ; R. Soc. Cat., L, 295 • VII 144 •' IX '
200 ; Ann. Bot., III., 451 ; Biog. Ind. Brit, and Irisli Bot., 15.' "

BiLLINOS, B.

40. A List of Indigenous Plants found growing in the neighbourhood of Pres-

cott, C.W.
Can. Nat., IIL, 'M ; V., 14 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Can., Kingston, 1861.
Bib. : Bib. Canadensis, Morgan, 1807, 31.

Bonnet, E.

41. Florule des iles Saint Pierre et Miquelon.

Jnl. de Bot., I., 1888.
Bib.: Can. Bee. Sc, VII., 0.

Boot, Francis.

B., Boston, Mass., April 20th, 1792 : d., England, Dec. 25th, 1863.
Genus Bootia of Wallich.

42. Table of Distribution of Carices in Journal of a Boat Voyage through Bu-

perfs Land l)y Sir John Richardson, C.B., F.R S
London, 1851, II., ;Ui.
Bib.: Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872, :«5 ; Jark,son, 524; Proc. Lin Soc
XXIII.; Gard. Chron., 1804, 51 ; Diet. Nat. Biog., V. 393- Biog'
Ind., Brit, and Irish Bot., 1893 ; Amer. Jn'I. Sc, XXXVII., 288. '
Braithwaite, R.

43. On the Organization of Mosses. ,'

Can. Nat., N. Ser., III., 402.

Bbitton, Nathaniei, Lord.

B., Staten Island, New York, .Ian. loth 1859.
New York Botanical Garden.

44. An Illustrated Flora of tlie Northern United States, Canada and the British

Possessions from Newfoundland to the parallel of the Southern
Boundary of Virginia, and from the AUantic Ocean westward to
tlie 102nd meridian.
Vol. I., 1896. (With Addison Brown.)

Brown, Robert.

B.. Montrose, Scotland, Dec. 21st, 1773; d., London, England.
June 12th, 1858. '

The discoverer of the so-called Brownian movement.

45. Flora der Melville Insel.

Flora, 1824, VII, 05135.

46. General View of the Botany of the Vicinity of Swan River 1830

Jn'I Geol. Soc, 18;^2, 1., 17-20.

47. List of Plants collected on tlio Coasts of BaBln's Bay and at Possession

Bay. London, 1819.

48. Extracts from Dr. Richardson's Botanical Appendix to the Narrative of a

Journey to the Shores of the Polar Seas by Captain John Frank-
lin. London, 182;t.

49. Chloris IMelvilliana. A List of Plants collected at Melville Island in the

year 1820, l)y tlie Ofllcers of the Voyage of Discovery under orders
of Captain Parry. London, 1823-24.
Bib. : Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit,, 1872, 43 ; Can. Nat., III., 300 ; R. Soc Cat I
060; Amer. Jnl Sc, XXVI., 279; Biog. Ind., British and Irish
Bot., 1803 : Cent. Cyo. NameB, 187.

Director-in-Chief,

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A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

31

5;

51.
52.
53,

54.

Brunet, L'AbbiS Louis Ovide.

B., Quebec, March 10th, 1826 ; d., Quebec, Oct. 2nd, 1876.
50. Catalogue des plaiites Canadiennes, contenues dans I'herbier de I'Uni versite
Laval. Quebec, 1865.
Enumeration des Kenres de plantes de la Flore du Canada. Quebec, 1864.
Catalogue des v^getaux ligneux du Canada. Paris, 1857 ; Quebec, 1867.
Histoire des Picea qui se rencontre dans les limites du Canada.

Can. Nat. N. Ser., III., 102.
Notes 8Ur les plantes recuoillies en 1859 par L'Abb<i Ferland sur les Cotes du
Labrador. Quebec, 18 — .
5.5. Voyage d' Andre Michaux au Canada. Quebec, 18ftl.
Translated by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt.
Can. Nat. N. Ser., I., 32.5.
Bib. : Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872, 45; Ann. L'Univ. Laval, 1877-78, 43-
Can. Itec. Sc, III., 495; Tanguay's Diet. Gen., .502; Bib. Canaden-
sis, Morgan, 1867, .i3.

Burgess. Thomas .Ioseph Workman.

B., Toronto, Canada, March 11th, 1849.

Suporintendant Protestant Hospital for the Insane, Verdun
Quebec. ' '

Canadian Filicinea-, by J. Macoun and T. J. W. Burgess, M.D.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., IL, iv., 163.
Recent additions to Canadian Filicinea", with new Stations for some of the
species previously recorded.
Trans. It. Soc. Can., IV., iv., 9.
Notes on tlie (lenus Rhus.

Jn'l and Proc. Hamilton Ass'n, 1891-92.
Botanical Notts from Canada.
Bot. Grtzelte, VII.

60. A Botanical Holiday in Nova Scotia.
Bot. Gazette, IX.

61. Aspidium oroopteris.
Bot. Gazette, XI.

How to Study Botany.

.In'l and Proc. Hamilton Ass'n, 1887.
Orchids.

Jn'l and Proc. Hamilton Ass'n, 1887.
Notes on tlie Flora of the 49th Parallel from Lake of the Woods to the
Rocky Mountains.

Jn'l and Proc. Hamilton Ass'n, 1887-88.

65. The Lake Erie Shore as a Botanising Ground.
Jn'l and Proc. Hamilton Assoc, 1888-89,

66. Notes on the History of Botany.
Jn'l and Proc. Hamilton Assoc, 1889-00.

67. Ophioglossaceu' and Ferns.
Cat. Can. Plants, Macoun, Part V., 1800, 253.

Bib. : Trans. R. Soc. Can., XII., 10.

56.

57.

58.

59.

02.

63.

64.

Campbki.l, Rev. Roiieht.

B., Druinmond, Ontario, Juno 21st, 1835.
Minister, St. Gabriel Presbyterian Church, Montreal.
88. Some of the Rarer Summer Flowers of Canada,

Can. Rec Scl., VI., 342.
69. The Flora of Cap k rAigle, P.Q,
Can. Rec Sc, IV., 54.

32

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

70. Specimens of British Wild Flowers in July and August.

Can. Rec. Sc, IV., 309.

71. Supplemental Notes on the Flora of Cap a I'Aigle.

Can. Rec. Sc, V., 38.

72. The Flora of Montreal Island.

Can. Rec. Sc, V., 208.

73. Changes in the Flora of Montreal Island.

Can. Rec Sc, V., 294.

74. Additional Notes on the Flora of Montreal Island.

Can. Rec. Sc, VI., 397.

Cabdot, J.

-, E. Delamere and F. Renauld.)

75. Flora Miquelonensis, 1888.

Bib. : Can. Rec. Sc, VII., 6.

Cochran, William.

B., Ireland, 1745 ; d., Windsor, N.S., Aug. 4th, 1833.

76. List of Plants in " An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia,"

by T. C. Haliburton, II., 405.
Bib. : Bib. Canadensis, Morgan, 1867, 78.

COEMACK, W. E.

77. Account of a Journey across the Island of Newfoundland.

Edin. Phil. Jn'l, 1824, X., 156.
Ann. des Sci. Nat., 1824, 1., 433.

78. Journey in Search of the Red Indians in Newfoundland.

Edin. New Phil. Jn'l, 1829, VL, 318.
Bib.: Morgan, Bib. Can., 82; R. Soc Cat., II., 52; Newfoundland, the
oldest British Colony, Hallen & Harvey, 169-177 ; Can. Rec Sc,
VII., 4.

COULTAS, HABLAND.
B-

■ ; d., London, England, Feb. 2nd, 1877.

79. Origin of our Kitchen Garden Plants.

Can. Nat, N. Ser.,n., 33.
Bib. : Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit, 1872, 70; Jackson, 535; Jn'l Bot, 1877, 102;
Biog. Ind., Brit, and Irish Bot, 39.

Dawson, Georoe Merger, C.M.G.

Director, Geological Survey of Canada.

80. Note on the Distribution of some of' the more important Trees of British

Columbia.
Can. Nat, N. Ser., IX., 321.
Bib. : Trans. R. Soc. Can., IX., 653.

Dawson, Sib John William, K.C.M.G.

B., Pictou, Nova Scotia, Oct 13th, 1826.

81. Fossils from the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia.

Quart Jn'l Geol. Soc, II., 132.

82. Calamites in situ near Pictou, N.S.

Quart Jn'l Geol. Soc, VII., 194.

83. Vegetable Structures in Coal.

Quart Jn'l Geol. Soc, XV., 626; Can. Jn'l., V., 305.

84. On a New Fossil Fern.

Quart. Jn'l Geol. Soc, XVII., 5: Can. Nat, V., 460.

85. Flora of the Devonian Period in Northeastern America.

Quart Jn'l Geol. Soc, XVIIL, 296 ; Amer . Jn'l Sc, 1863, XXXV., SU.

[PBNHALIX)W]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

33

86.
87.

2;

sh

Quart. Jn'l Geol. Soc, XXII., 9o. p ,-„,:t„8 and Calamodendron.
OntheS^r^uct^^^ Phil. Mag., XL..

384, 1870.

. New Brian Plants. vxXVII 299.

Quart. Jn'l Geol. Soc, XXXMi., ■««•
On the Primitive Vegetation of the Earth. ^ ^.t., VI., 165; Amer.

Quart. Jn'l Geol. Soc, XXVU., i , t-

Nat.,IV.,474. ,^^^ Aombicum and Lepidodcndron

Note on the Vindication of Leptopnioeum
gaapianum. „viy -va

Quart. Jn'l Geol. So.. XXIX., *». ^^ ^es of Nova Scotia.

Note on a Specimen of ^^V^o^y'^^^^, '""m-cl Nat., N. Ser., VIII., 249.
Quart. Jn'l Geol. «o«^- ^3^A T„!^ns Nova Scotia.
. On an Erect Sigillaria from the oo^th Joggms N^^^ ^^^ ^^^
Quart. Jn'l Geol. Soc XVIL, .^^2 , ^a ^^^^^^

...onV^^aUons^ofU^^^^^^^

Synops?;o7theCarbriferou. Flora of Nova Scotia^ ^^^

^ ^ Can. Nat, VUI, 431; ^"^'=;- SJ^Umatr^f the Po.tpleiocene Period
, The Evidences of Fossil Plants as to the Climate
in Canada.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., III., 362.
On the Removal and B««tomtion of Forests.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., III., 405.
Notes on some Scottish Devonian Plants.

Noteso?the^^^;a^;f-XfMoun^ in its Geographical and Geo-
logical Relations.

cnS;:-.., ».i en. w. i«. ■■■. "«> ^~- *■""■ "•■°' ""•

*"' Sec. IV., 1897. 3.

90.

91.
92.

93.

94.
95.
06.
97.

98.
99.
100.

101.
102.
103.
104,

105.
106.

107.

108.

34

109.
110.
111.

112.
113.

114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.

120.
121.
122.
12;J.
124.
125.
120.

127.
128.

129.

im

131.
132.
133.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Pleistocene Fossils of Montreal and vicinity.

Can. Nat., XL, 270.
TlieSilurv^;! and Devonian Roclcs of Nova Scotia and their Fossils

Can. Nat., V., 132.
On the Pre-carboniferous Flora of New Brunswick, Maine and Eastern
Canada.

Can. Nat., VI., 161.
Prototaxites.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., VII., 173 ; M. Mic. Jn'l, X., 66.
Acadian Geology, 2nd ed., 1878.

Chapters on Carboniferous and Devonian Flora of Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick.
On Fossil Rhizocarps.

Chicago Acad. Sc, I., 105.
Alpine and Arctic Plants.

Montreal, 1862.
Reproduction of Forests Destroyed by Fire.

Edin, Phil. Jn'l, 1847.
Second Report on Fossil Plants of the Upper Silurian and Erian of Canada

Rep. Geol. Surv. Can., 1882.
The Fossil Plants of the Devonian and Upper Silurian Formations of Canada
Rept. Geol. Surv. Can., 1871.
, Fossil Plants from the Lower Carboniferous and Millstone Grit Formations
of Canada.
Rept. Geol. Surv. Can., 1873.
Cretaceous and Tertiary Floras of British Columbia.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., I., iv., 15.
Mesozoic Floras of the Rocky Mountain Region.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., IIL, iv., I.
Fossil Plants from the Laramie of Mackenzie and Bow Rivers

Trans. R. Soc. Can., VII., iv., 09.
Fossil Plants from the Laramie Formation of Canada.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., IV., iv., 19.
Tertiary Plants of the Similkameen River.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., VIII., iv., 75.
Parka decipiens. (Dawson and Penhallow.)

Trans. B. Soc, Can., IX., iv., 9.
The Relations of the Early Cretaceous Floras of Canada and the United
States.
Trans. R. Soc. Can., X., iv., 79.
New Cretaceous Plants from Vancouver Island.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., XL, iv., 53.
Notes on Fossil Woods and other Plant Remains from the C tceous and
Laramie of the Western Territories of Canada.
Trans. R. Soc. Can., V., iv., 31 ; Can. Rec. Sc, II., 499.
On Nematophyton and Allied Forms from the Devonian of Gasp^. (Dawson
and Penhallow.)
Trans. R. Soc. Can., VL, iv., 27.
New Fossils from the Lower Carboniferous of Nova Scotia.

Mem. Peter Redpath Mus., 1888.
New Plants from the Erian and Carboniferous.

Mem. Peter Redpath Mus., 1890; Can. Rec. Sc, IV., I.
Fossil Plants from the Carboniferous of Newfoundland.

Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., II., 529.
Pleistocene Plants of Canada. (Dawson and Penhallow.)
Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., I., 311.

m

[PBNHALLOW] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

88

Eastern

tia and

inada.
inada.
ations

United

sand

134.
135.
i:«.
137.
13H.

139.
140.
HI.
142.
143.

144.
145.
148.
147.
148.

149.
150.
151.

152.
153.

154.

155.
166.
157.

Notes on Trees Cultivated on the Grounds of MeGill Universitv

Can. Rec. Sc., IV., 407.
Notes on the Geology and Fossil Flora of Prince Edward Island

Can. liec. Sc., I., 194. "

On Rhizocarps in the Palaeozoic Period.

Can. Rec. Sc, I., 19.
The Genesis and Migration of Plants.

Princeton Review, 277.
Permian and Triassic Flora of Prince Edward I.sl.i ml

Contained in a Report on the Geological, Structural and Mineral

GovtPub."!^?. '""'^'""'"' '"'""'• ^"''"■^°" '""' Harrington!
Geological History of Plants.

D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1888.

'''''''')^:::'J°^:^:S?;tT''-''- -'-^^^ byMnmchardson.
Carboniferous Conifei's of the United States.

Amer. Jn'l Sc, 187.5, C^X., :K)1.
Fossil Floras and Glacial Periods.
Nature, 1877, XVI., 67.
, Notc^ on Prototaxites and Pachythea discovered l.y Dr Hicks in thp
Denbighshire Grits of Corvven. \. Wales. "
Quart. Jn'l Geol. Soc, XXXVIII., 103.
Recent Discoveries in the Brian (Devonian) Flora of the United States

Anier. ,In'l Sc, 1882, CXXIV., KiH.
New Devonian Plants from the Baie'de Chaleur

Can. Nat., X. Ser., X., I.
Comparative View of the successive Paleozoic Floras of Canada

Can. Nat., N. Ser., X., 372 ; Proc Amer. Ass'n, XXXI. 415
The Successive Palieozoic Floras of Northeastern America

Rept. Brit. Assn, XXXV., 50 ; Geol. Mag., 1865, II. 588
On Fossil Plants of the Post-pleiocene Deposits of Canada i'n connection
w ththe CUmate of the Period and the Formation of Boulder
L/iay.

Rept. Brit. Ass'n, XXXV., 50; Geol. Mag., 1863, II. .561
On Catamites.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1869, IV., 272.
On some New Fossil Plants from Gasp^.

Can. Nat., 1863, IV., 64.
Spore Cases in Coal.

Can^Nat 1870, V 3<19 ; Amer. Jn'l Sc, 1871, CI., 256 ; Ann. & Mag
Nat. Hist., VII, .321 ; M; Mic. Jn'l, VI., 90.
Notes on the Structure of Sigillaria.

Quart. Jn'l Geol. Soc, XXVI.. 165 ; Phil. Mag., XL . 74
On the Pre-Carboniferous Floras of Northeastern America, " with special
reference to that of the Erian (Devonian) Period »" ^P«<"«'

nn fhp h™"- ^" ^°'r;' ^^"^•' *^' '^""- ^ M*=- ^'"t. Hist., VI., 103.
On the beanng of Devonian Botany on questions as to the Origin and Ex
tinction of Species. o u »ja.

Amer. Jn'l Sc, 1871, CII., 410,
Some New Facts in Fossil Botany.

Geol. Mag., VIII., 236.
Note on a New Sigillaria sho«-ing Scars of Fructification.

Proc. Amer. Ass'n, XXII., 75.
On Fossil Coniferous WooJs from Prince Edward Island

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phila., 1851, VII., 62.

36 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

158. Remarks on a Specimen of Fossil Wood from the Devonian Rocks (Gft8p6

Sandstones) of Gaspe, Canada East.
Proe. Amcr. Ass'n, im\ 174.

159. Recent Researches in tlie Devonian and Carboniferous Flora of North

America.
Proc. Amer. Ass'n, 18,59, 1108 ; Can. Nat., IV., 297,
Bib. : Trans. R. Soc. Can., XII., 27; Cent. Cyc. Names, 312; R. Soc. Cat.,
II., 182; VII., 497; IX., (i5;<.

Delamere, E.

(75). ( , F. Renauld and J. Cardot).

Flora Miquelonensis, 1888.
Bib. : Can. Rec. Sc, VII., (5.

Douglas, David.

D., Scone, Scotland, 1798; d., Hawaii, Sandwich Islands, July

12th, 18;i4.
Commemorated in the genus Douglasia of Lindley, and in Abies

Douglasia of the same author.

160. Sketch of a Journey to the Northwestern part of the Continent of North

America during the years 1824-1827.
Hooker's Comp. Bot. Mag., 1836, II., 82, 103.

161. Summer Excursions to the Columbia River.

Hooker's Comp. Dot. Mag., 1830, II., 103-124.

162. A Journey to Hudson's Bay.

Hooker's Comp. Bot. Mag.. 183(1, II.

163. Observations Taken on the West Coast of North America.

Proc. R. Soc, 18:^7, III., 471.
Bib. : Can. Nat., V., 120, 2(H), 207, 329; Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872, 00;
1851, 72; R. Soc. Cjit., II., 327; Cassell's Biog. Diet., 605; Trans.
Hort. Soc, N. Ser., I., 4(W; Appleton's Cyc. Biog.; Biog. Ind.,
Brit, and Irish Bot., 1893.

Drummoni), Andrew Thoma.s.

B., Kingston, Ontario, July 18th, 1844.

164. Distribution of Canadian Forest Trees in its Relations to Climate and other

Causes.
Can. Economics, 1884.

165. Forest Preservation in ('anada.

Amer. For. Congress, 1885.
160. Our Northwest Prairies, their Origin and Forests.
Can. Rec. Sc, II., 145.

167. Affinities of Tendrils in the Virginia Creeper.

Can. Rec. Sc, II., 253.

168. Articles on Forestry and the Lower St. Lawrence Flora, in the Hand Book

for Canada, published for the British Association Meeting at
Montreal, 18H4.
160. On the Economical Uses of Sticta pulmonarta, Uoffhi.
Ann. Hot. Soc Can., 1861. 81,

170. Brief List of Iviiigston Plants.

Ann. Bot. Soc, Kingston, 1802.

171. Obiervations on Canadian Oeographical Botany.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., I., 40.V

172. Catalogue of Canadian Lichens.

Can. Nat., N Ser., H., ;J02.

': '"•■$p'm'f^ffw^>m>"

[PBNn allow]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

87

173. Distribution of Plantain Canada in some of its Relations to Physical and

Post Geological Conditions.
Can. Nat., N. Ser., III., 101.

174. Statistical Features of the Flora of Ontario and Quebec, and a Comparison

with the United States Flora.
Can. Nat.,N. Ser., III., 429.

175. Introduced and Spreading Plants of Ontario and Quebec.

Can. Nat., N. 8er., IV., 377.

176. Notes on Tadoussac Plants.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., IV., 204.

177. Botanical Notes, including Additional List of Lichens.

Can. Nat., \. Ser., VII., 217.

178. Canadian Tinilier Trees.

Hept. Mont. Hort. Soc, 1878, 14.

179. Forestry in Canada.

Kept. Mont. Hort. Soc, 1880, ;J0.

180. Note on the Distribution of the Canadian Forests.

Can. Mag. Sc, Oct., 1RS3.

181. The Colours of Flowers in Relation to the Time of Flowering.

Can. Rec. Sc, V., 1(18.
Dbumhond, Thomas.

H., Scotland ; d., Havana, Cuba, March, 1^35.

Assistant Naturalist to the Second Land Arctic Expedition under

Franklin.
Druniinondia of Hooker; Druniniondita of Harvey.

182. Sketch of a Journey to the Rocky Mountains and the Columbia River in

North America.
Bib, ; Biog. Ind. Urit. and Irish Hot., 52; Fl. Bor. Anier., I., pref. V. ;
Hook. Bot. Misc, I., 02, 178; Comp. Hot. Mag., I., 10, 30; Jn'l
Hot., 18,34, 50, 18;j ; 1843, im ; Dot. Mag., I., :it41 ; R. Soc Cat., IL,
317; Diet. Nat. Biog., XVI., 41 ; Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872, 01.
D'Urban, William Stlwakt M.

lf<i. Catalogue of Plants collected in theCountlesot Argenteull and Ottawa, 1858.
Can. Nat., \'I., 120.
Bib. ; Bib. Canadensis, Morgan, 1807, 114.
Eaton, Amos.

B., Chatham, N. Y., May I7th, 1770 ; d., Troy, N. Y., May 10th, 1842.

184. Maiiu..: or Botany for North America, 1817-1841.

185. North American liDtuny.

Katon and Wright, 1841).
Bib. : Pritii. The.s. Bot. Lit., 1872, 07, 471 ; Amor. Jn'l Sc, XLIIL, 215; R.
Soc. Cat., IF., 131; Vn.,.-)81); Bib. Cont. Harv. Univ., XXV., 12.
Eaton, Daniel Cadv.

B,, Fort (iratiot, Mich., Sept. 12th, 1834 ; d., New Haven, Conn.,
June 30th, 1805.
180. On the Genus VVoodsla.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., II., 80.

187. Notes on Some of the Plants in the Herbaria of Linnc'- and MIchftu*.

Can. Nat., N. Ser., V., 24.

188. The Ferns of North America.

Coloured llgures and dcscrlptUms, with synonymy and geographical
distribution of the I'N'iiix (Including Ophloglossacp(i')of the United
Statesof America and the British North American PoHsesslons.
Bib.! Cent. Cyc of Names. , lilt; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, .\ XII., 311 ; Bot.
Oai., XX., IKMI; H. Soc. Cut., IL, 438; VII., 6811; IX., 700; Garden
Foreiit, Vlll., 2*.

38

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

IX., 700,

Ellis, Job Bicknali,.

U., Potsdiini, N. Y., Jan. 21,st, 1829.

m ?°'""V'^'"r'""' ^•y'''^"°'»y««t««- (KlH«and Kverbart, 1802.)
I'M. Ciiiiaaiiiii Fungi. •"««'.?

.In'l Mycol., I., K\ 1885.

101. Fu„Ki of the (Jrooly Kxpedition. (Kllis and Kverl.art)

Hot. Gay.., X., m\; A.ner. Jn'l Myo. I Ml

Kib. : IJib. Cont. Ilarv. Univ., XXV., 12; U. Soi,. Cat.

EVKRHART, Hi.;n.iamin Mati.(hk.

a, Wost Whifeland, IV, April 24th, 1818.
(See Kllis, IHilatKl 101.)
Bib. : Bib. Cont. ILirv. Univ., X.KV., 11.
Farlow, Wim.iam (Jiimon.

B., Bo.ston. Ma8.s., Dec. 17th, 1811.
i.h> M • ^/''■''!!'''"''*-"''yt'^"«'""''^""l"»y.H'u-vanl University

m. NO,.. o„ A-*A,,,,0,„„, ,,,,„,„.„, „ „„„„„„ „^^ ^ „^^^^^ ^^

Broc. Anier. Aoad., XXII., (((a
m. Notes on the FunKn.s Barasit-H on Sp.cie.s of Botanu,«eton.
Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, II., 127.
Fletchkr, Jamkh.

B., AbH, Kent, England, March 28th, 1852.

Ottawa Nat., V., IMi.

107. Does Wheat turn to Chess I

100 n . , ^''*''"»''-'« Advocate (London, Ont.), 180lt, 1(17.

108. Botanical Collections.

100 CniuJ"'\?fT!''^''''- **"'• "•"• ^^"'''^ Exan.iners, 24.
100. Collecting Botanical Specimens.

Nor' tVe.st Farmer (Winnipeg), 1802, llKI.
Bib.: Trans. B. Soc. Can., XII., 3fl.
FoWLKK, Rkv. Jami;.s.

aon T l«f „f V ";; ''"'■' "rf • '^^'•■'"»'^'''. N.B., July 10th, 1820.
a». List of New BrunswicU plants.

Fredericton, N.B., 1878.
201. Additions to the list of New Brunswick Plants.

Fredericton, N.B., 1880.
-m A PrelLnlnary List of the Plants of New Brunswick, co.npiled with assist-

N riH^r "" "' """'■ "• ''"•"^'" """->■ «-'«ty. St. Joht

m. A.tic ^z::.t;:^;:^7';:::^''' ^'"' ""^-°" ^-^'^ '""'''^-^'o-

Bib.: Trans. R. Soc. Can., XII., ;iil.
Franklin, Sik John.

.„. ., "•• ^^I'f " '""'. 178(1 : ,1„ June nth, 1817.

AT,'*Vl'r 72(7 "'^ "^ '''""*" '^'*'' «*"""«"'^ P'^t""-

Bib.: CenLCyc. Nan.es 4<W ; H. Soc. Cat.. II.. TOO; Diet. N«t. Blog.. XX.
101 ; App. ("yp. iJiog., ;|03. •*'• ^^'

I

[PBNHALLOW]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

39

Fyles, Rev. Thomas W.

B., Enfield Cluise, England, IS!?,

205. The Forests of the Eastern Townships.

Proc. Amer. Forest. Ass'n, Montreal, 1882.
Gaibdneb, Meredith.

Pentstemon Gairdneri of Hooker. Surgeon in II. B. C, possessions in
British Columbia. Made collections of North American plants.
No writings.
Bib. : Fl. Bor. Amer., I., pref. iii.; II., !»; Biog. Ind., Brit, and Irish Bet..
ft5; U. Soc. Cat., IF., 75(1.
Ganono, William Fbani is.

B., St. John, N.B., Feb. liltli, IHftl.
Prof. Botany and Director of the Botai\ic Gardens, Smith College,
Northampton, Mass.

206. On Raised Peat-bogs in New Urunswic k.

Bot. Gaz.,XVI., 12;i.

207. An Outline of Pliyto-biology, with special roferenoo to the study of its

problems by local botanists, and suggestions for a biological sur-
vey of Acadian Plants.
Bull. N. B. Nat. Hist. Soc, 1804, I.; 1805, 3.
GiBB, Sib Georoe D., Bart.

B., Montreal, Canada, Dec. 25th, 1821.

208. The Natural History of Sanguinaria rnnadensls.

Bib.: Bib. Canadensis, Morgan, 1807, HO.
Goldie, John.

B., Maybole, Scotland, March aist, 180.T ; d., Ayr., Ontario, Can-
ada, June, 188(1.
800. Description of some new and rare plants discovered In Canada In the vear
1810. '

Edinb. Phil. Jn'l, \H^, VI., 310.
Bib.: Amer. Jn'l Sc, XXXV., 2(10, 1888 ; H. Soc. Cat., II„ 020 ; Bot. Gaz.,
1880; Biog. Ind., Brit, and Irish Hot., 60; Mechan's Monthly,
VI., 121, li»8; Diary of a Journey through Upper Canada and
some of the New England States. 1807.
GooDE, John B.

210. Notes on Canadian Ferns.

Can. Nat. N. Ser., IX., 40, 2!»7.
Gray, Asa.

B., Paris. N. Y.
1888.

The very numermis writings of Dr. Gray contain many facts bearina
upon Canadian botany, but it is dillhult to decide what titles
should properly lln.l a place in this list. Those which chiefly
touch Canadian botany, and which rightfully have a place here
are :

211. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United Suites.

212. (Jenera Flora* America-.

New York, 1848-4().
21,1. Flora of North America.

(Tom>y and (Iniy) IKJH 41.
214. Synoptical Flora of North America, 1884.

Bib.: Prlt>!. •num. Hoi. I.ii.. IH72, 127 ; Selene, 188(1; (Vnt. Cyc. Name.
4fl6; Ganlen and Forest. I., 482; Amer. Jnl Sc., XXXVI App •
N. Y. Sun, Jan. .'Inl, 188(1; Dull. Torr. Hot. Club, 18a8;"Ame»'
Acud. Arts and Re, June, 1888 ; Hot. (!a»!., 1888; Sc. Papers of As*

— (J, „i, ^ \ Ij., rtln ; ,\., KS,

, Nov. I8th, 1810; d., Cambridge, Mass., Jan. .SOth,

40

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Greely, Adolphus Washington.

B.. Newburyport, Mass., March 27tli, 1844. General U. S. Army.

215. Three Years of Arctic Service.

London, 1886.

Contains («) Botany of Grinnell Land, II., App. IX., 387;

(b) JIcsscs and Lichens determined by Rev. E. Lehnert ;
II., App. X., 392.
Bib.: Cent. Cyc. Names, 457 ; R. Soc. Cat,, X., 52.

GuiGNARD, Jonathan Aufiu.sTK.

B., Vernoux (Ardeche), France, May 3rd, 1844.

216. Sur la fecondation des Cypripedes.

Le Nat. Can., XIII., 221, 209, 270 ; XV., 94.

217. Sur la fecondation du Calopogon pulchellus.

Le Nat. Can., XIII , 271.

218. Insects and Orchids.

14tli Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1880, 39-40.

Halibcrton, Thomas Chandler.

B., Windsor, N.S., Dec, 1796; d., Islesworth, England, Aug. 27th,
180(5.
210. An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia.
Halifa.\, 1820. (See Cochran, 71).
Bib.: Cent. Cyc. Names, 475.

Hardy, C>MPi'i;i.L. -* '

B., 1831.
220. Nova Scotian Conifers.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, I., iv., 120.
Harkinoton, [Iernahd J.

22), Noto on the Botany of a portion of tlic Counties of Hastings and Addington,
Can. Nat. N. Ser., V., .■)12.
Bil).: Trans. R. Soc. Can., XII., 40.
Harvey, William IJenhv.

B., Suinniorvillc, Ireland, Feb. 5th, 1811 ; d., Torquay, England,
May 15th, 18(it).

222. Nereis Boreali Aiiierioana ; or Contributions to the History of the Marine

Alga- of North America.
Smithson. Contrib., I85-i, III.; 18.5;), V.; 1858, X.

223. Noticeof a Collection of Algie made on the Nortli Coast of North America,

clilelly at Vancouver's Island, by David Lyail, in the year*
18.-)0t!l.
Jn'l Lin. Soc, 1802, VI., 157.
Bib.: Amor. .Inl Sc, XLII., 120, 273: R. Soc. Cat., IIL, 207; Pritz. Thes.
Hot. Lit., 1872, i:«l; Blog. Ind., Brit, and Irish Hot., 1803.
Hay, Geohok Ui^ham.

B., Norton, Kings County, .N.B., .liinc IHIh, 1341.
Engllsli Master, SI. .John Graimnar School.

224. Note on the Botany of St. .Tolin Hivcr.

Bull., N.B., Nat. in„ Soc, .Ian., 1883.
22fi. Notes on the Botany of New Brunswick.

Bot. (iaz., Nov. 1885; I'roc Amer. Ass'n, 1880.
22(1. Note on Marine Alga- of New llruiiHwIcl'.

Bull., N.B., Nat. Illst. Soc, V., 188(1; VI., 1H«7 | Trans. R. Soc. Osn..
v., Iv., 1(»7.
227. The Flora of New Brunswick.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., V., II., 48.

[PBNHALLOW]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

41

HiNCKS, Rev. Wili iam.

3., Cork, Ireland, May, 1794 ; d., Toronto, Canada, Sept. 10th, 1871.

228. Descriptions of tliree vegetable monstrosities lately found at York.

Proc. Linn. Soc, I., 1849, 40.

229. Descriptions of some vegetable monstrosities.

Proc. Linn. Soc., I., 1849, 118.

230. On the causes of disjunctions of vegetable substances, especially those

which are horizontal.
Proc. Linn. Soc, I., 1819, 273.

231. Note on fasciated stems.

Proc. Linn. Soc, II., 1855, 215.

232. Considerations respecting anomalous vegetable structure.

Can. Jn'l, III., 18.18, 311.

233. On some questions in relation to the theory of the structure of plants of the

orders Brassicacew and Primulacea?.
Can. .In'l, V., 1800, 332.

234. Specimen of Flora of Canada, with preliminary remarks.

Can. Jn'l, VI., 18(il, 105, aiO; VII., 108.

235. An attempt at an improved Classillcation of Fruits.

Can. Jn'l, VI., 1801, 49.5.
238. On Chorisis as aa explanation of certain vegi>table structures.
Can. Jn'l, X., 18(.5, 371.

237. An attempte.l iniprovumt-ut in tlie arrangement of Ferns, and in the nomen-

clature of their uubdivisions.
Can. Jn'l, XII., 1870, 3.W.
Bib.: Can. Jn'l, 1872, 2.53; R. Soc. Cat., III., 1555; VII., 0a3 ; Proc. Linn.
Soc, 1872, LXV.; Johnston's Correspondence, 152; Diet. Nat.
Hiog., XXVI., 441 ; Uiog. Ind., Brit, and Irish Bot., 83.

Holmes, A. F.

I)., Montreal, Oct. Olli. 1800.
A zealous collector, 1820 1825, and Prof, of Botany in the Medical
Faculty of McGill University, 18201845. Collections in the
Herbarium af Mctilll University.

HooKEK, Sir JosfU'H Dalton.

H., Gla.sgow, Scotland, 1817.

238. On some Collections of Arctic Plants, chiefly nnide by Dr. Lyall, Dr. Ander-

son, Ilerr Miertsching and Dr. Hae, during the Kxpedilion in
search of Sir John Franklin, under Sir John Richardson, Sir
Edward Belcher and Sir Hobert M'Chire.
Jn'l Linn. Soc, I., 114, 1857.
230. An account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker In Greenland and Arctic
America during the Kxpedltlon of Sir Francis M'Clintock, R. N.,
In the Yacht Fox.
Jn'l Linn. Soc, v., 70. 1801.

240. Outlines (,f tl)e Distribution of Arctic Plants.

Truns. Linn. Soc, XXIIL, 251. 18fli; Can. Nat. N. Ser., HI., 326.

241. Discovery of Asplenlum viride In New Brunswick.

Nat. lllsl. He v., 18(;,5. im.

242. The Dislrilnition of the North American Flora.

Proc H. Inst., VIII., 5(K 1879; Ann. Sc Nat., VI., 318. 1878.

243. Determination of Plants collected "oy Sir Georj'e Nares during the Expedl.

tlon of 1p75-70.
Bib.: lent. Cyc. Nanien, 512; R. Soc. Cat., in.,4ig; VII., 1U18; X., 867,

%

42

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Hooker, Sir William Jackson.

^" f2thris^.''"^""'' '"'' ''''• '^'''' ^- ^'^' ^"^'^''d' A"«-

24*. Flora Boreal i Americana.
London, 1833-1840.

245. Some account of a Collection of Arctic Plants found by Edward Sabine

LondonS. ^^'*^' '" **" ^"'''' ®'^' '" "^'^ ^'''' '^■

246. The Botany of baptain Beechy's Voyage in the years 1825 1828

London, 1811.

247. List of Plant, from the East Coast of areenland. in the .Journal of a Voyage

to the Northern Whale Fishery, by Wm. Scoresby, Jr. **

Edinburgh, 18:i3. App., II., 410.

""'■^ ^1872 'us^n ^""'-'r I ''t?; '"''■' "•■ '^'' P"*''- The«. Bot. Lit..
XXVIII ' ;J°n ^f- "^- *^^5 VII., 1012; Diet. Nat. Biog.

Ir™t.',8T' • '"• •""''• '''''' ^'°«- '"''•• ^''^- ^"'^

James, Thomas Pott-.

B„ Radnor, Pa., Sept. 1st, 1808; d., Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 22nd,

^°''Zu^ri^^''\?TfT y^""^ '^'■""^'^ '"« ^°^'^ '« determining
ma.enal collec ed by Prof. Macoun, and also by his work on
o.o ,, the Mosses of North America.

248. Manual of the Mosses of North America.

(Lesquereux & James) Boston, 1884

"""•■' ^so:.-cat:"vS',r.''i-'r' ^"'^'- '-'' ^^•■^•^^"^•.33o; «.

Jeffrey, Edward C. . , •, .

B., St. Calharines, Ont., May 21st, 1866.
9Aa r. , ^^<=''"''"' '■> Biology, University of Toronto.
-549. Polyembryony in Erytlironluni a.nericanum.
Ann. Bot., IX., 537. 1805.
Kane, Elisha Kent.

"" I(Jh*?a57''''*' ^''■' ^"*'' ^"^' ^^'^' ^■' H''^'''^"*- Cuba, Feb.

250. Arctic Exploration'; ; t h e Second Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir John

I'ranklin, 185;t, 'S-t, '55.
Philadelphia, 1856, 2 vols.

RiH^r*''!"n"' ^^ V''K«t»t'°n- Considerable collections made,
ilib.. Cent. Cyc. Names, 600.
Kemp, Rev. Alexander F.

9A1 T. n- u «; ^'■^''""c'^' Scotland, 1822 ; d., Canada, May 4th. 1884

251. The Fresh Witter Algii' of Canada. <»y ^m. loo*.

Can. Nat., 1 1 L, 450.

252. A Classified List of Marine Alg.e from the Lowrr St. Lawrence

Can. Nat., V., 30.

253. On "'« Shore^^one^ amU imits of Marine Plants in the United States.

254. FilterinKs from the Water Supply of the City of Ottawa.

Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, I., 3l> 1882
265. Notes on the Bermudas and Their Natural Histo;y, with Special Reference
to I heir Marine AlgH\
Can. Nat., II., 145.
256. The Contractility of the Spores of Palmella hyalina.
Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 1870-80, 31.
Bib.: Bib. Canadensis, Morgan, 1867, 210; Hist St. Gabriel St. Chureh
Montreal, 1887. 552. v^nurcn,

[PHNH allow]

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

43

KiNDBERG, Nils Conrad.

B., Carlstad, Sweden, Auk. 7th, 1832.
Prof, in State College (Lector). Linkoping, Sweden.
237. Bldrag till kiinnedomen om Canada— omradets niossflora.

dfversigt af K. V. Akad. Fprhandl., 1890 n. 8 ; Royal Swedish Acad-
emy of Sciences, Stockholm.
2.58. Enumeratio muscorum, qui in Groenlandia, Islandia et Faeroer occurrunt
(etiam in Canada).
Videnskabrl. Meddel. fra d. naturhist. Foren. I. Kioebenhavn,
1887 ; Kioebenhavn, 1888.

259. Descriptions of New Mosse.s found at Ottawa.

Ottawa Naturalist, II., In-i.

260. New Canadian Mosses.

Ottawa Naturalist, IV., 61.
201. List of Mosses Collected in the Neighbourhood of Ottawa.
Ottawa Nat., III., 149.

282. Check List of European and North American Mosses (Bryinere).

Can. Rec. Sc, 18S)4, VI., 17.

283. Georgia pelluoida et les especes alliees.

Revue Bryologique, 1895, n. 5.

264. The European and North American Polytrichacefp, revised.

Revue Bryologique, 1894, n. 3.

265. New or less known Species of Pieurocarpous Mosses from North America

and Europe.
Revue Bryologique, 1896, n. (i.
286. New or less known Species of Acrocarpous Mosses from North America and
Europe.
Revue Bryologique, 1896, n. 2.

267. Note sur les Archidinces et Note sur les Climariac^es.

Revue Bryologique, 1895, p. 24, 25.

268. Notes on Canodian Bryology.

Ott. Nat., VII., 17.
260. Catalogue of Canadian Plants, Part VI.. Mu.scI, by John Macoun and N. C.
Kindberg, Montreal, 18!>2.
(All descriptions of the new species and the deteimination of most of
the specimens enumerated).

270. Determinations and De.scrlptions of the Mosses Enumerated in Contribu-

tions to Canadian Bryology, by John Macoun.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 1889, XVI., 01 ; XVH., 83, 271.

KoLUEWEV, Captain.

271. The German Arctic Expedition of 1860-70.

London, 1874.

Short description of the Flora of Greenland, &c.
Lawson, George.

B., Scotland, 1827 ; d., Halifax, N.S., Nov. 10th, 1805.

272. Record of "Progress of Botanical Science.

Can. Nttt. N. Ser., I. 1.

273. Description of the Canadian Species of Myosotis or Forgetme-not, with

notes on other plants of the Natural Order Borragiuaceae.
Can. Nat. N. Ser., IV., 398.

274. On the Banunculacere of the Dominion of Canada and of adjacent parts of

British America.
Can. Nat. N. Ser., IV., 407 ; Trans, N. S. Inst., Nat. Sc., IL, 17.

275. On Raphanus caudatus.

The Horticulturist, N.Y., 1860.

I f

44

KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

276. On the Structure and Development of Botrychium Kranulatum.

Trans. R. Soc. Edin., VI., 424; New Phil. Jn'l, Edln., XII., 206.

277. Some account of Plants collected In the Counties of Leeds and GrenvlUe,

Upper Canada, in July, lH(i2.
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VII., 4(18 ; Edln. New Phil. Jn'l, XVII., 197.

278. Note on Lemania variegata, Apjli.

Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VII., 521 ; Edin. New Phil. Jn'l, XVII., 30.

279. Synopsis of the Canadian Species of Equisetum.

Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VII.. 558.

280. DiatomacetB of the District of Braemar. <With Prof. J. H. Balfour and Dr.

R. K. Greville).
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., V., 45.

281. Note on the occurrence of Hypnuni rugulosum, Web. & Mobr, on Demyat,

Orchils.
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edln., VI., 26.

282. Note on Cryphrea (Daltonia) Laniyana, Montngne.

Trans. Bot. Soc, Edin., VI., :«).

283. Remarks on some Fibrous I'liints of Canada, with Letters from Lord Lyons

and Lord Monck in reference to the use of the silk cotton of
Asclepias in spinning.
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VII., ifln.

284. Synopsis of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Plants,

Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VIII., 20; Edin. New Phil. Jn'l, XIX., 102 ;
Can. Nat. N. Ser., I., 202.

285. Notice of the occurrence of Woodsia alpina (hyperborea) in Gasp^, Canada

East.
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VIII., lOH.
280. Remarks on Myrica cerifera, or Candle-berry Myrtle.
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VIII., 108.

287. Note on the Leaves (trifoliate) of IJlex europieus (Whin).

Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VIII., 108.

288. On the Flora of Canada ; a Synopsis of all Ihe Flowering Plants and Ferns

observed in Canada, with liabitats in detail. (Abstract only;
the list ill bound volume, not printed).
Trans. N.S. Inst. Nat. Sc, I., 75.

289. Notice of the occurrence of Hoatlier at St. Ann's Bay, Cape Breton Island.

Tran.s. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, I., IK).

200. Note (additional) on Lemania variegata of Aghardt.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, I., 35.

291. On Calluna vulgaris.

Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., VIII., 324.

292. On the Lamiiiariaceie of the Dominion of Canada and adjacent parts of

British America.
Trans, N. S. InsU Nib. Si'., II., lOit; Can. Nat. N. Ser., V., 91).
393. On the Botany of the Dominion of Canada and adjacent parts of British
America. Ranunculaceii'.
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., X., 315.

294. Monogra|)h of Ericaccu> of the Dominion of Canada and adjacent parts of

British America,
Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, III., 74,

295. On the Geographical Range of the Species and Varieties of Canadian Rubi

on the ConlinentH of America, Asia and Europe, as indicating
possible regions of jirlmHivc distribution.
Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. So., III.. :m : Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., XII., 8.
206. Botanical Descriptions accompanying Mrs. Miller's drawings of " The Wild
Flowers of Nova Scotia."
Flowers of Nova Scotia, Sor., 2 and 3, London.

[PENHALLOWj

297. Note

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

4B

on some Nova Scotian Plants; Calluna vulgaris, Sarothamnus

scopaiius, Rhododendron mnximum.
Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, I'^ V,
Introduction to Prof. Howe's paper on the East Indian Herbarium of KinR's
College, Windsor, Nova Scotia.
Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, IV., imx
On Diatomaceous Deposits in the Lakes of the Halifax Water Works.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, V., 114.
On the Hriti.ih American Species of the Genus Viola.

Trans. Hot. Soc. Edin., XIV., 61 ; Bot. Centralbl. 1880.
On Native Species of Viola of Nova Scotia.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, V., 11.5.
Notice of New and Rare Plants.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, VI., 68.
On t,he northern limits of Wild Grape Vines.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, VI., 101.
Revision of the Canadian Ranunculaccft'.

Trans. R, Soc. Can., II., iv., 1.5.
On the Canadian Species of the Genus Molilotus.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, VI., 180.
Remarks on the Flora of the Northern Shores of America : with tabulated
observations made by Mr. F. F. Paine on tlie Seasonable Devel-
opment of Plants at Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait, dur-
ing the growing Season of 1886.
Trans. R. Soc. Can., V., iv., 207.
The Fern Flora of Canada.

Halifax. 1880.
On the Nymphwaceip, Part I., Structure of Victoria regia, Lindi.; Part II.
Nomenclature of NymphteaceH' ; Part III., Synopsis of Species
Trans. R. Soc. Can., VI., iv., 97.
Notes for a Flora of Nova Scotia.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, I, 84.
On the Present State of Botany in Canada.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., IX., iv., 17.
Remarks on the Distinctive Characters of the Canadian Spruces-Species of
Picea.

Can. Rec. Sc, VII., lOii.

For botanical publications by Dr. Lawson prior to his residence in
Canada, see Trans. R. Soc Can., XII,, 49.
Bib.: R. Soc. Cat., III., 895; Trans. R, Soc Can., XIL, 49 ; Garden and
Forest, VIII., 490; Ottawa Nat., IX., 180 ; Amer. JnT Sc, 4 I
78.

Lksquereux, Lko.

B., Fleurler, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 1808 ; d., Columbus, Ohio
Oct. aoth, 1888. '

312. Manual of the Mosses of North America.

(Lesquereux & James). Boston, 1884.

313. On the Fossil Plants collected by John Evans at Vancouver Island, and at

Bell Ingham Bay, Washington Territory.
Amer. Jn'ISc, XXVIII., 85. 1869.
Bib.: Amer. Jn'l Sc, 3, xxxvill., 499 ; R. Soc Cat., III., 970; VIII., 208 ;
X., 571 ; Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit. 1872, 182.

Lindsay, Andukw Walkkr Hekdman.

B., PIctou, Nova Scotia, Sept. 6th, 1852.

314. Catalogue of the Flora of Nos a Scotia.

Proc. N. 8. Inst, Nat. Sc, IV., 184.

298.

299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
30.5.
306.

307.
.308.

309.
310.
311.

- u J-

J KiJ

46

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Lindsay. Wiluam Lauder

317. On the Asclepiasinca'rn; ll T.'Vm'-' '''•

Ann. Bot. Soc. Can. misi '^'•°'^"'^"'« Plant.

LvAi.i,, David. ' ''

"•' A"«h'nblae, Kincardineshirp «n n .

Jn-1 Linn. Soc. 180... 'viS " 4 '"'' '" ^"'"^'^ ^^-' An.erica.
iiih.. Garden and Forest, VIII 3in • t -i «

IV., 1371. ' '^^°' J'" Bot., July, I893 • r « „

Matiiiew. GKORfiK F. • • ^°'- '^'*'-

319. On the occurrence of Arctic Plants in C„nH

Can. Nat. Ser.. IV. 139 Continental Acadia.

Bib.: Trans. R. Soc. Can Vir co
McCoRD, David Ito,ss. "^^ ^'*"- XH.. 58.

a20. Note on tlie Habitat anH v. • ..

^.^ Can. Nat. S's"' .l^ '" °' ^°"^^ '^-«^'- Ferns.

«iA( Kay. Alexan-dkk Howard.

322. Contrib'uZ; S a'cau/ ""''" '"- ^- ^•

.,,3 ^ . ^-s.^i%^.^S°--3^^the Fiora Of Nova Scotia.

323. Organic Siliceou. Remains in th^'rVt' ^^•

Can. Rec. Sc. I.. 23V; Rept St r^-'''^ "^ ^"^^ Scotia.

324. Among the Cryptogams. '^ '^"- '^'^^ »• I«84. 742.
^..- . Acad. Sc. Monthly. IHS3.RI

32o. Among the Water NymDl s a „ ' ,

Halifax Heralds.' * "'"'""*'• ^'^'^ °' "- Biatomace..
326. Alg.e of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick ^M ,.

Bib.: Ss'^r's:- ^r- ^- ^^- "7 ' ''"' "''^*-

„ '^- "■■ ^°c. Can.. XII., 57

Macoun, Joiix.

Boti^ilsUo the"r:?"'' ^'"•" ^7'''' '«32.

[PBNHALtow] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

329.

am

331.

47

332.
333.
334.

;«5.

3:36.
3:}7.

338.
339.

340.
341.

342.
343.

344.
345.

340.

347.

348.
349.
350.

861.

The rarer Plants of the Province of Ontario

Trans. Edin. Hot. Soc, XII.
The Botany of the East Coa.st of Lake Huron

Can. Jn'l, 1874-75.
Synopsis of the Flora of the Vallpv of iv,^ cf t

^ With de.scrlption';oy£lr/er1;e5;s^^""°^'^ '''' ^-'"^^ ^'''^--
Can. .In'l, 1876-77.

Heport on the Botany of British Columbia and the Peace River C.un,

Repr Geo? S '""f '^ "'^ '^'^''*'°«"« °' P'-^« ^'^'-^^^^^^^
«ept. Geol. Surv. Can., 187.5-76

" ""Ttit^rr ^"' ^^"^"•"^'*' ^'*-'"""- "^ the North M'e«t
Can. Pac. Railway Rept., 1877

'"^'°"''°o;c;rnidr''^°^""'-^ ,„, Cryptoga.ou. Plant, of the Dominion
Belleville, Out., 1878.

Ri'pt. Dept. Int., 1881-82.
Catalogue of Canadian Plants. Part I., Polypetala-

Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Can. 1883
List of Plants collected in the northern nart of Hr!n.». n i u.

Peace River Country in 1879 Columbia and the

T • . , n?"'" ^"^ ^"^^ "'■"'• ^"'■^- Can., 1879-80, B. 143
List of Plants collected in 1880 by Dr. Robert Bell "
(ieo. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Can., 1879-80, C.'oO

Catalogue of Plants collected by Dr. Robert Be I in H, n

River, 1881. '^- """^'^'^ "«"'" t'!« Bas.ns of the Moose

Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Can.. 1880 '81 'S9 r 17
Catalogue of Canadian Plants. Part li., Ga'n!peS,?' ''•

T. . .S?" ■*"'' ^"t- "'^^- S"'"^- Can., 1884, 19.%

List of Plants collected by Dr. Robert Dell on f l,„ r^ * , ,

son's Bay and Straits. ^' ^°^'*' "' ^^'^''^dor, Hud-

Geoi. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Can., 1882, '83 '84 • n n <.«
List of Plants collected by Dr Robert RplV^^'fr n ' ^■

Geol. and Nat. Hist' Surv C,:;;!. fS D D %?"' '' Newfoundland.
Notes on the^Distribution of Northern, Sou'the^n and Saline Plants in

Trans. R. Soc. Can., I., iv., 45.
On the Flora of G ispe.

Trans. R. Soc. Can., L, iv., 127,
Notes on Canadian Polypetalte,

Trans. R. Soc. Can., I., iv., 151.
Canadian Filicineae. (Macoun and Burgess )

Trans. R. Soc. Can., IL, iv., 163
Catalogue of Canadian Plants. Part ill., Apet«l«>. I886.

Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Can., 1886 394
Catalogue of Plants collected by Dr. G, M Dawann af ir

188.5. Dawson at Vancouver Island in

Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Can., 1886-87, B., 115
List of Plants of Northumberland Co., Ontario
Ann. Kings. Bot. Soc., 1863.

J

«r-^

48 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

352. List of Plants collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson on Queen Charlotte T^land.

Gool. Surv. Can., 1878-79, 219.

353. List of Pliints collected by Dr. Robart Bell around the shores of Hudson

Bay and along the Churchill and Nelson Rivers in 1877 and 1879
Geol. Surv. Can., 1878-70, 53.
351. General Remarks on the Land, Wood and Water of the North West Terri-
tories from the 102nd to the 115th meridian, and between the 51st
and 53rd parallel of latitude.
Rept. Can. Pac. Railway, 1880, 235.
35.5. Catalogue of Canadian Plants ; E:i(logens.

Geol. Surv. Can., 1888.
350. Contributions to Canadian Bryology.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl.'.b, XVI., 91 ; XVII., 83, 271.

357. List of Plants collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson in the Yukon District and

adjacent northern portion of British Columbia in 1887.
Geol. Surv. Can., 1887-83; B., 215.

358. Catalogue oi Canadian Plants ; Acrogens.

Geol. S irv. Can., 1892, 195.
3.59. List of Mosses collected in the neighbourhood of Ottawa.
Ottawa Field Nat., II., 364 ; 1885-80.

Macoun, James Melville.

B., Bellville, Ont., Nov. 7tli, 1862.

Asst. Botanist, Geological and Natura' History Survey of Canada.

360. List of Plants found at Lake Mistassini.

Rept. Geol. Surv. Can., 1885.

361. Check List of Plants.

Ottawa Nat., IL, 157.

362. On Collecting Botanical Specimens.

Ottawa Nat., III., 146.

363. Field Work of the Ottawa Field Naturalist's Club.

Ottawa Nat., III., 7, 97.

364. Report of the Botanical Branch of the Ottawa Field Naturalist's Club.

Ottawa Nat., II., 122.

365. Contributions from the Herbarium of the Geological Survey.

Can. Reo. Sc, VI., 23, 76, 141, 198, 204, 318, 405.
368. Some new Mosses from the Pribylov Islands,
Ottawa Nat., V., 179.

Meter, Ernest Heinrich Fribderich.

B , Hanover. Germany, Jan. Ist, 1791 ; d., Koningsburg, Ger-
many.Aug. 7th, 1858.

367. De plantis labradoricis libri tres.

Leipsic, 1830.
Bib.: Fritz. Tlies. Bot. Lit., 1872, 215; Amer. Jn'l Sc, Ser. 2, XXVIL
44;i.

MioHAUx, Francois AndhiS.

B., Versailles, France, 1770; d., Vaureal, France, Oct. 23d, 1855.

368. Histoire des Arbres forestiers de I'Am^rique septentrionale.

Paris, 1810; ed. 2, 1810 ; ed. 3, 1813.
The North American Sylva, or a description of the forest trees of the
United States, Canada and Nova Scotia.
Paris, 1817-19 ; ed. 2, 1840 ; ed. 3, 1850.

369. M^moire sur la naturalisation dee arbres forestiers de I'Am^rique septen-

trionalo, dans lequel on indique ce que I'ancien gouvernement
avait fait pour arriver k ce but, et les moyens qu'il conviendrait

ifiii' •i'i(<ii laiiyii* iiViii

— ^ nfTi nriiiiiir' i

C-NHA..OW] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

Paris, 1805. ^ ' '°'"P'"'''« "^^--c ceux que produit la France

"" '-e.^;^Phi'ti^r'^?f ^--- ^- Bio... ^;
afti, 329, .3.34 ; Cent. Cyc Name?"'6^ ' ! ' ''"'r''"' ^> 2«. ^7,

370. Insectivorot EtT'"' ^'"•" -"""^ ''''• 'S^*"

Nat. Can., 1879.

371. Relations of Plants and Insects

Nat. Can., 1880.
Miller, (Mrs.) Maria Morris

M, «:&"""" -«""^' "'"'"■"'■* •

373. Cours Elementaire de Botanique.

Montreal, 1871 and 1886.
MwRo, David Ransom.

374. ^o-tandOrnaU^^^^^^^ U.S.A.. July 9th. 1890.

St. John, N.B., 1862. '"oswick.

Aares, SirG. S.

375. Narrative oil vZlT\t'''''T^' ''''•

London. iS" ■ ;„^ ' '^'^ «- ^-ing 1875-76.

, '"""'Si^j mr ^ '^^- -'-"- - P'-s determined .y
Bib.: Cent. Cyc. Names, 723
A UTTALL. Thomas.

»77 TJ ^^''"^'J^'Phia. 1818.

p. A. Michaux. '*• "°* described in the work of

'«« n . , ^''""•lelphia, 1842.

Jnl Phil.. 4„.d. N.,. ^^ V ' , 6 '■ '"■ "■ "■ «"•""•

Soc-. vn.,',i: i^'l- 7„'^"- "J"- ':'*■■ 23»i P™. Am.r. S'

379. On Canadian Diatomaeem.

<-'an. Nat. N. Ser., V., 142.

Sec. IV., 1897. 4.

1^- III ^tmimimiimaiiMli^ItU

i

60

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Panton, James Hoyes.

B., Cupar, Fiteshire, Scotland, May 7th, 1847.

Prof. B,ology and Geolo«y Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph,

380. Flora of the Queen Victoria, Niagara Falls Park

Gov't Pul)., 188a

381. Articles in Bulletins of the Ontario Agricultural College Farm

From II., 1886, to C, 1895. ^o'lege i arm.

Parry, Sir William Edward.

B., B^h, England, Dec. 19th, 1790; d., E.n.s, Germany. July 8th.

382. Narrative of a Journey to the North Pole.

London, LS:i8.

Botanical Aj)pendice.s by Sir W. J. Hooker.

'■ '^'Sni;:'^""- '"'-^ ''''' '''-^ ^'"'- ^^^- »'°-- '^«' ^-UCyc.
Pbn HALLOW, David Feaiue.

B., Kittery Point, Maine, U.S.A., May 2.^th, 18.M.

" tSr;;i:i:r '^^' ^-'-^'- ^--^- -'^ «wor

383. ^->'=--^ ---- in^Cucurhaa, Vitis and Hohinia.

384. Movements of Tendril, in Cucurbltk maxima and pepo.
oo. » .... '"''■• •^"'' ^''■' ^"^XXI., Ki, im. 178.

385. Additional Notes on Ten.lrils of Cucurhitaceu.

Can. Kec. Sc, IL, 241.
38(1. Hydration of Tissues in Trees and Shrubs

387. "'^^'•■'-^^^•^H-- Material of Plants in Hela.ion to Disease.

388. Relation of the AnnualHings of i:xogens to Age

Can. Uec. Sc, I., I(i2.

389. Hotanic Gardens.

■4.y, T„ . 1"^'' '^""- "'''"'• ''^'"'^- Ho"- «0P-. 188")-
JIMI. Plants in their Hehition to Disease.

391. Notes on Trees an.i Shrubs of Northern .Japan. ' '^•

Kept- Mont, llort. Soe., I8K1.

392. Diseases of Plants.

Pop. Sc. M., XXV.,;)8o.

393. First Annual Bepi. Montreal Botanic Garden

Montreal, 188.-).

'"■ '^ ""-'"'" ;■;„'■;■;;:'£.',!':*"'■ "°"' "" ''"■' ''•"'™'"' »' »" ^™»» «<■

Trans. R Soc. Can., V., iv., 45.
395. Notes on Shepherdia canadensis.
Can. Hec. Sc., III., ;i(ii»,

"""'"^ Tn'r'Stl^cLrvi" ;;"';;;-^-"'°-"<Daw.on and Penhal.ow).
The Food of Plants.

Can. Rec. Sc, III., ■xHi.
Notes on Erian Plants.

Can. Rec Sc, IV., 242.
Gray's Sclentltic Papers, a Review.

Can Rec Sc, III., ri(«.

3U0.
;i07.

:m.

390,

i*s'ar***nc.ii

[PJfflNHALLOW]

400.

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

81

410.

411.

412.

An Ancient Blaze.

Can. Rec. Sc, III., 500.

401. The Pleistocene Flora of Canada (Dawson and Penhallow.)
Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., I., 311.

402. Note on a Peculiar Growth in Black Walnut.
Can. Rec. Sc, IV., 23;}.

403. List of the Botanic Gardens of the World.
Ann. of Hort., 1889, 104 ; 1890, 217 ; 1891, 315 ; 1892.

404. Botanical Collector's Guide.
Montreal, 1891.

40.'5. Descriptions of New Species of Fossil Plants, in a paper by Sir William
Dawson on Fossil Plants from the Siniilliameen Valley &c
Trans. R. Soc. Can., VII., iv., 75.

406. Notes on the Flora of Cacouna, P.Q.
Can. Rec. Sc, IV., 432.

407. Notes on the Flora of St. Helen's Island, Montreal.
Can. Rec. Sc, IV., 3(i9.

408. Notes on Specimens of Fossil Woods from the Brian (Devonian) of New
York and Kentucky.

Can. Rec. Sc, IV., 242.

409. The Botany of Montreal, in a Hand-lwok for the Royal Society of Canada,
Montreal Meeting, 1891.

Notes on Post-glacial Plants from Illinois.

Trans. R. Soc Can., IX., iv., 29.
Parka decipieim. (Dawson and Penhallow).

Trans. R. Soc. Can., IX., iv., 3.
Additional Notes on Devonian Plants of Scotland.

Can. Rec. Sc, V., 1.

413. A New Species of Larix from the luter-glacial of Manitoba.

Amer. Geo!., IX., ;«W.

414. Notes on Brian (Devonian) Plants from New York and Pennsylvania

Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI., 105.

415. Notes on Nematophyton crassum.

Proc U. S. Kit. Mus., XVI., 115.

410. Structural Variations in Canadian Coniferw.

Trans. H. Soc Can.. XII., iii., 19.

417. Descriptions of Tertiary Plants in a paper l)y Sir William Dawson on Ter-

tiary Fossil Plants from the vicinit . of the City of Vancouver
Trans. H. Soc Can., XIII., Iv., 143.

418. Note on Cephalanthus occidentalis.

Garden and Forest, VII., 410.
410. Note on Todea barbara.

(iarden and Forest, VII., 304.

420. Descriptions of Inter-Klnclal Plants in an article by Prof. A. P. Coleman on

IntiT-glacial Fossils from the Dou Valley, Toronto.
Amer. Geol., Xlll,,9;t.
Bib.: Trans, R. Soc Cm., XII., 68.

PnOVANCUKR, I/AllMi;! I,^i()N.

B., Hiiianrour, P.t^., Cimada, March 10th, 1820; d., Cap Rouiw
!'.«., Canada, 1892.

421. Tralte Kl^mentairc do Hotanlciue.

Queix'c, lH,"vS and 1882.

422. Flore Canadienn.- ; description de toutos jes plantei ries champs. for«te,

Jardliis et eaux du Canada.
Quebec, 1802.

Bib.: Ganlenand Forest, V.,2m; IVite. Thes. Bol. Lit., 254; Nat Can
XXI.. 38: XXII.. 18 JW.

82

i!i

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

PPBSH, Frederick Traugott.

B., Grossenliayn, Saxony, Feb 4th 1771. ^ »,
423 Pin,.- A . "^"'y nth. 1820. • **"' "^* ' '!•' Montreal, Canada.

423. Flora American Septentrionalis.
AOA T I^ndon. 1814 ; ed. 2 1817

^^^(Ed.ted by T.P.James).

--Fio.:s£r^^^^

tjonal to all the bolitaTto'iro: n'I'T **' ^'°- «'^'»'-
United States. '^*"' °° N°rth America and the

Philadelphia, 1836.
Bib.: Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit. 1872 2M • w c
Rbnac!.!,, F. '"""^^' ^ ' ^--. in-1 s;.'S£f22f.°" ^'''' "^^ ^° •• ^-*- Oyc.

^ JSrl^ulr;T8^"'^^-^^«'°*->
Bib.:Can. Rec.Sc, Vn.,6.

KICHARDSON, SiR JoHN.

It contains :

«i7. Botanical Appendix to Sir John Franklin- m ,

^.« T, *'^<"'>- Phil. Jn'l, XII 107

Ann. Hot. Soc, I. .%

i«.»m„„. B. I., '""' ' ''«"'■ ■->• N'.ti; i* ' "'"«: ""'■■ •""■ "■> w.h b";

B., il.'oomlnRton, III., Nov. Hth iSfU

«o. Note. S u:;:^;^;-;^^-;^^"™ ""'-'--

Can. Rec. Sc. VII.. a. IHOO. "•
«08S, Brhnahi) u

Can. Nat.. VII., l.t).
Bib.: Bib. C«na.l„„«|,. Mor«„„, j^^^^ j^

[PHNHALLOW]

Rose, Sib John.

A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

33

B., Inch, Scotland, June 24th 1777. j t ^

^"'' *^- ' ^"K'^^d, Aug.

London, 1819. '•

SaiktOti., DoMiNiao,. Nai.oi,i»„.

S. .,lona' Papers, Quebec, 49-50 Vict S

SarobNT LK8SPRA«,rK.

B Boston, Mass., U.S.A., April 24th i«i,

.,™e«,^n.. ^.„,a W.„^ olrr „.,„„,,. 3™,„„,

«6.Fore3t Trees of North America.

««. ThesZtNorirL?"'*''''^'--- '^^O-

Boston, 1892 (Work i„ Progress )
. , Bib.: Cent. Cyo. Names. 808.

8OBBBKK, H, VON.

(8ee1.ob.n5 a S '^""'^ '^'*-''' ^•^- '^-h l^th, l^a
SoHwBmm. LuDwio David von

^" Fe?8S,T«^''"' ''•'•^- ^^"^ ''''' "«>= <••. Bethiehen,. P...
an M ®^'>«'elnltzia of Elliott.

London, 1826
Bib.: Prite. Thes. Bot. Lit. 1872 209. a ..

v., m ; Cent. Cyc klmt.l^o "'• "'"• '''°*' «" = «' ^o- ^^«t.
SoHDLTa, Sir John C.

B., AmherstburfT, Ont., J«n Uf l«^. 1 «
439 n„ .1. n ^P'" "*'•'• »««•■ ■ *' • *^°'"«'-«y. Mexico.

♦30. On th« Botany „f the Red Klver Spt.l„n, . .

Ann. Bot. 80c. Can., i«,l' ^«""""-'" ''"I the old Red River Tmll.
SkiouLER, John.

"•• "''WKowr. Scotland, Jan. 81st Ihm • h n.

Nov. Lsth. 1871. "• '** • ^- O'Mgow, Scotland,

Scouloria of Ilookor

Bib" »T" 'A' ^- '*^' '^'"-'•'••» •" '«2» ir;

■ ''nXSVJ.:;;?^ "-^- ^^ ---•.-.-= ".o. i„d.. „Ht.

84

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Javoli Mine, Nicar-

Skeman, Berthold Carl.

B., Hanover, liermany, Feb. 28th, 1825; d,
agua, Oct. 10th, 1871.
The genus Seeinannia of Kegel.
440. The Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald, under command of Captain
Henry Kellett during the years 184.5-51.
London, 1852.

Contains Flora of Western Esquimaux Land ; pp. 11-56.
Bib.: Biog. Ind., Brit, and Irish Bot., 1893; Fritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872.
293; Jaclison, 005; ,Tn'l Bot., 1872, 1; Proc. Linn. See,
LXXIV.; Gard. Chron., 1871, 1878; Aluhonk, .80(1; Amer
Se., 1872., CHI., 1 J; R. Soc. Cat., VIIL, 926.

1872,
Jnl

Small, H. Beaumont.

B., Market Bosworth, Leicestershire, England, October 31. 1831

441. Devt.opment and Progress.

Ottawa Nat., III., 0.5.

442. Waterhouso's l/cctures.

Ottawa Nat., HI., 58.

443. Pine Life.

Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, .50.

444. Report of the Botanical Branch of the Ottawa Field Naturalist's Club.

Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, III., 21 ; IV., 60.

Smith, Titus.

B., Granijy, Mass., U.S.A., Sept. 4th, 1768; d., Dutch Village,
Halifax. N.S., Jan. 4th, 1850.
Mr. Smitlj's writings are scattered through the local press, and
always unsigned, so tliat it is extremely ditllcult to trace them
at the present time. Mr. H. Piers, of Halifax, has, neverthe-
less, succeeded in tracing a tew. These are given below.
446. A List of the principal indigenous Plants of No<'a Scotia.

M. Mag., Halifax, N.S., (Feb., Wll) I., 342.
446, On the operation of Fungi in disintegradng Vegetal)le Substances.

M. Mag., Halifax, N.S., (Feb., 1831) 1., :m.
44V. The Vegetation of Nova Scotia.
Mag. Nat. Hist., 1835.
Bib.: Murdoch, Hist. Nova Scotia.

SoMBRa, John.

B., St. John's, Newfoundland, March 20th, 1844.
Prof. Materia Mcdica, Halifax Medical ('ollcge.
448. On a Correspondence between the Flora of Nova Scotia and that of Colorado
and the adjacent Territories.
Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, IV., 122, 1877.
440. Introduction to a Synopsis of the Flora of Nova Scotia.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. ric, IV., 181, 1877.
480. Notes on Nova Scotia Couiposltie Asters.

Trims. N. S. In.st. Nat. Sc, IV.. 2:W, 1H77.

461. A Contribution toward the study of Nova Scotia Mosses.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc., IV., :m ; V., 1», 1870 ; V.. 200, 1881.

462. New and Rare Plftnts.

Trails. \. S. Inst. Nat. Sc.. VI., 28, IHHO.
4K*. Nova Scotia I'uiigl.

Trans. N. S. In.t. Nat. Sc., V., 188, 1880; V., 247, 1881 ; V.,;B2, 18KU;
VI., 28(1, 188(1 ; VII., 18, 1887 ; VII., 404, 1800.

I

!ar-

B72.
372,
Inl

831

ivnd
lem
the-

rado

[PKXH.™j A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY

Sdllivant, William S.

SS

IHKi;

B-, Columbus, Ohio Jan ir^fi, ,oa.i ■
454. Contributions to tlie Brvolocv nn7 u ^ ""^y-

^ ^ Mem. Acad. A^S^ ^'s^^ TlT'^f °^ '"'''' ^'"-'-. l^*'-

4oS. Icones Muscorum, or Figures anrtnl \

peculiar to East^r^ ZnUAZlrTj' IT "' "'"-"^ M"--
tofore figured. '^'"''" ■" "''"C' liavc not been here-

Jnl Sc, 18-:^! CV. ^48; -"^^^s ^^ il^'^, «°^, 'i^' 1«72, .SO., ; Amer.
Cyc. Xame«, 005; Proe. irr.' Acid ' IX if'' ''''- '^^ '' ^'^»'-
ToLMiE, W. Fhaser. ' "" ■

D., Victoria, H.C., 1886

Bib.: Anier. Jn'l Sc. CXWiri ii< ,,.

170; Flor. Bo;. AmJr I , p.'i^f "iif "^'^ ^"^■' '''''• ''"^ Wsh Bot.,
ToHREv, John.

B.. Xe. Yorl. X. Y., Aug. 1.., noo ; ... xe. Vor,., Ma.b lot...

AKP X'.. ^'«"»'*Torre,vaofSprengel.

45fi. Notice of Plants collected by Prof n H n i .

1H20. around the Great Lak"' ^rTr n ''"^ "'" """""««• "^
Mississippi. '"^^^ '*'"' "'« tapper Waters of the

dff7 r . , '^"'^''' •'"'' ^'■- ^^^-' IV., M).

«a Mo„o«r.„I, „, .x„,,,„ ,i,„,,i,,„„ ,,

Aew ^ork, ls;«i.
(214) Flora of Xorth .An.erica. .Toney and Gray,.

New York, 18;i8. '

450. Flora of tlie State of Xew Voi k.

Xew York, 184:i.

400. Flora of the Northern and Middle Seclion.s of ,he I'nited Sf„f

New ^ ork, 1H2-I nited States.

"'■■^^o;;:v,.!'i;;r.;;;,r:,::;'t-r,---'s?---.

B., Boston, Mass., Dec. 7th IhTT- ,1 » i

188(1. "• "''' ' ''•• '^'"'"erst, Mass., March I5th

401. Enumeration of North An.erlcan Lichens

4a, c <>"'i"lirldge, Mass., isif).

40i. Synopsis of Lichens of Xorl hern Veu I,', i , .

I'roc, Atner. Aca... Sc.: Vi.H . ^1 .if'.^f "'"' B^'^'«" America.
4fl.l. LichenesAn. Mca. Septen.rlonalls .'cisiccuH '

ta.nbr..Jge, Ma,s.. .847, 1. ^ n, .loston, ia^4, 11,. & ,V.; ,8a«. y. *
404. LIchenH of Arctic America

Bull. Nat. Mus.. XV., in?. 108.

il

je

66 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

466. A Synopsis of North American Lichens.

Boston, Mass., 1882 ; part I.
Bib.: Pritz. Thes. Bot. Lit., 1872, .324; Amer. Acad. Sc, XXI.; R. Soc.
Cat., VI., 61 ; Cent. Cyc. Names, 1012 ; Amer. Jn'l Sc, Ser. 3
XXXIII., 165; XXXI., 316; XXXIL, 1.

Vroom, James.

B., St. Stephen, N.B., Aug. 27th, 1846.

467. A List of the Flowering Plants and Ferns found in Charlotte County, New

Brunswick.
St. Stephen, N.B., 1887.

Waghorne, Rev. Arthur Charles.

B., London, England, 1851.

468. The Wild Berries and Fruits of Newfoundland and the Labrador.

St. John's Telegram, 1891.

469. The Flora of Newfoundland, I,ahrador, St. Pierre and Miquelon.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Nat. Sc, I., 389.

Watt, David A. Poe.

470. A Provisional Catalogue of Canadian Cryptogams.

Can. Nat. N. Ser., II., 390.

;

I. Soc.
ser. 3,

, New