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Jl K S ON UPPER CAiNADA SURVEYS, AND EXTRA( TS FHOM THE SURVEYORS' REPORTS, CONTAlNIXn A UESCIIII'TION OF THE SOIL AM) TIMliEll (il- tut: townships • .v the Mmu pvev mn\ ^k^^m f nij Section, AND liF.TWEF.N THE SrANISlI RIVER, ON THE NORTH SHORE LAKE HUKOX, AND COITLAT S RAY, ON LAKE SUPERIOR, ©ttaiua ; PllINTKD RY TITINTER, HOSE & CO REMARKS ON UPPER CANADA SURVEYS, \,VU EXTRACTS FROM THE SURVEYORS' REPORTS, CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OP THE SOIL AND TIMnER Oh THE TOWNSHIPS IN THE Mmxu |ltov mA ^^mt^m fan ^^utim, AND BETWEEN THE SPANISH RIVER, ON THE NORTH SHORE LAKE HURON, AND GOULAY'S BAY, ON LAKE SUPERIOR. ©tt ama PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE &C() 1867. CO/-7 c^\. -21^ IXTRC IvVTtt. 1 CON T U NTS. hrKODicTOKV.— Kcmiiiboi) Upper Canadiv Kepoits of Survey. I'^XTiucTS FiioM Vi'van, Canada Kki-ortm op Sirvkv : J ',!,/, Township of Allan Assiginack. Aweres . . . Awengi; . . . Archibald. . >( n II << II II II II II J3idw.>ll. , JJillinga. . Brown.. . Hnrlcijrh , Cardiir. . . Cardwell. Carlow. . , Croft.... Chapman. 10 ) 7 11 11 .■!t) I'uMganuou 12 Fisher .. FerriL' . . . F'oloy. . . , i''rankliii , I'Vrrier, . Harvey ilerrick 9(. 11 ]:. 17 ;!0 18 •Jl Herschell Howlaud .,1 Humphrey .j.) Havilland jq Jones. Korab. '.'-} Limerick 2(5 .Mattawaa 27 Mattftwanaud Pembroke Road , l'8 IV CONTENTS 'I'owiiship of McDougttll Page. MoKenzio 28 Monck 2!) " Monmouth HO " Noe-Binj,' "" Peml)roko and Muttowan Road ... " I'aiPoonge 2s " Palmer • .'i.i Kaplan •'" " %an .r. II • I, «yerson .'Ifi Sheguiaiidah «t. Mary ;;; ;!7 ,,, . .■!•< larentorus Tehkummah .'18 U qv,, iilipy M *( rii • 1 upper 4;j Itidor .)0 Vaukoughiiet Watt '^ " VVollaston 47 " VVylie WW]] .)7 " Wallbridge Is " Wilson 7 Exploration and Survey of the Montreal River... ^8 ■ 60 Page. ... 28 . 29 . . no .. .■!! . . ;i;i . . 2s . . ;!;! . . ;i I . ;{.) .'SO . ;;o . ;i7 . ;!s 4:', •10 ■I") •17 ■)7 ■l,s 7 ft i 56 M 49 54 58 CO REMARKS ON UPPER CANADA SURVEYS, &c. and (ioorgun Ray and hstZlfZl "'^7"" '^ 'v'ng between the Ottawa River Huron, and Goukis Bav o,y T .?L- ' S ^""''' ^\T'^ ^^" ^'^° "'^''t'' «''°'-^' «f f''^^<' along he free ™t or' eTlo^t . "^'"T' . ^^' •"''^P'^' nottlement of the lauds divi(fo, into f! nf nts so n of the no^ T'^'i •^"' 'f''''^ '^'' (Jovernmont to suV the country for new C of to'^^Ur! "^^^ ^ and to explori another, and with the Tst elibrrr"" ^on»ect.ng those road.s with one Superior. ^^''' ^"''^°" °" ^''^ «l'"res of Lakes Huron and yoar,'t^vSr;:i:r:j:i,^i';: l^r; k' ^^f-vr'-^^^-^-^ *"« ^-^ ■scntod on the accompanyiirmap The Bvstl ,?.?'' T • '!°-*""-"^ '"':''''^""^ '•^I"'«- throughout the entire terrftorv "ind L^ of subdivision is quite the same accord, in some deg ee wTt th-.t o1' ft ' i7'^'' '"'' ^^^^ '' ^''^'''''^ "« '<> south [hereof, consTsSg^of Co; ' ion L ^^^71 ^n"'"''^''' '^'^l^.'? ^'"^ ^h reg.ar sectio^ ^ L ^^i'^^^a Sir ^SlS;-;;^^^^^ subdivLilf re^rS^dTthf Ll^o^'^^'^ ^' ^"^^^^^"S carried out, and the instructions issued bv the niov^T^^^iTS 1^=^?^' ''^ '"'^^""'^ of the general guidance ?n c nductin^g sm-y^ys' n the Ott'aw^''"T'Tr ^'"^ ^""^^°'«' ^^^ ^^^^'^ north shore of Lake H^uroTriVrc?lt:iy^^ - the Instructions for Surveys of thk Ottawa and Huron Tkrritoby. mical'fbsetSnt and llTH virkliln" f^^ ^"' ^"^^^^ «^ ^'^"^^ ^^ -'— observation, and wheneve? there i? nnv . . ^l^o "magnetic needle at the places of the details of all Zr alSonoTal T. '''''}'^^^^^ change ia its amount: Enter ■2r.fl ni J'our astronomical observations m your field book ^m. Clear vonr Imo" ^■'(.n ^r>A ki^,- ji j- *^ uuuk. sides, I e., one blaz'o'nn p..i^ 'i • .? ,V ^^^o. adjacent trees distinctly, on three by which it passes "^ '"^' '" '^' '^''''''''' ^^ *t« "««' ^°d one on that side 3rd.^You will take a backward obflervation at each station. ti UEMARKS OS UPPER CANADA SURVETS. tth. Vrrify tlio lon^nh of your ch-iin |.rovious to oommcncinir or)cration<. anrl n 1 ,1 h HnV " "■'' "r '""'■•^'^ ""'^ '"■^'''"^''■■* «f "'O'^^ f^''« from tho PC 1 t iH,- km,l Mu.l apimrent diameter, in your field book. Where a tree standVi I tl, ,K^Mora,,o.t blaze .ton lour Bidesf and mark it as you woj^th, pes U_he,o they can be had, plaee st.nos round the posts at tho Jornors of the Town: denfJ^lL'''-'''"1?7o^"™'"*'"'''^"'''-'^'''^'^'"« 'n ^'•^'"'fJ' l-y 50 chains in c h, c-on.a,n.n^. ]00 acres each; an allowance for road of one chain n\vd hotveen each alternate concession and every fifth and .ixth lot. Vlon ''l '^""r '"■'"'^ contain-s an eligible site for a town plot mark it on voi.r plan, and report on its capabilities. ^ ^^ " mtrlJs ^""^^ '"'"'^ '^ '•'' ^^J'^"^*'"* townships, to prevent encroach- 10th. Traverse any Lakes you may find wi:!.in the limits of your nurvev in order to ascertain the areas of the lots adjoining them. Lav ou Zd ZllnZ Xre nrsst'y" "''^" ''''' '''' '"'^^ "'^^^-' ' ^^ al-^/tr b'^kVo^rers; vPvo.fV^'' ^° ^"'"'^' *'l^'''''"'l i» yo"i' sui-vcy are, in .any case, to be run or sur- S ; ■ . V '7 ^"?r n"' ^'""'"'^^ '' ^°™^ "*^^"' <^»ly '^J-nitt d Proving al Land buneyor, whom this Department may authorize you to employ. r,..;ti '^'f 7'^'" V'' ?'""'f f ''" ^''^ «'l''fitters on thcland/you survey, and the S ;;'ir V'"'M''^"°,?^'^'^''"''"J^'-°^^«'«"^^'^vith such other parfculars a uU enable you to make a Return of Inspection of all the lots, in the accomnanv ing fonn, wh.ch you will transmit apart from your field book. ^<^<^^^V''^y- Depa rtment with TJIT^^" "^f"' ^•°'"Pl^,^'"S/°»r ^^'^^^ >vork yon will furnish the tl7n\ ur I fe n-nJ of X ' "" "" ''"'^ "^ ^i^''^^ ^'''"^'"^ ^•"^" '"^^ <-"-^J"biting ll^o ; features of the country, such as hills, swamps, marshes meadows akes streams and waterfalls, and the clearings and buiklino-s of the sS s •' tnt luTLT 'T ";?'^'/-rPl«^^' l-'^-o-s, andotlKM- publi imp ove^ • men s. Mark on your plan the lengths and bearings of the outlines of all he ir- regular- lut.s and then- contents in acres, with the tc'al area of your surve . n.. V ^'ll filso furnish a plan exhibiting tho Township in colored sections survev "i^dVr te""""/^"'7'""r '' ''''''"' ^^^ "^^^ -^' '" ^^0 course of ^o"; aetaii^t.eJ2^---S^:^.^^^^^^ i. icing operations, and irticular attention to 7oiir posts, to cnsuro > ;j(..)il conduct and pacity yon can rely. ; errors which would nces, planting posts cof; make the posts feet of the top, and mnrkiiig iron. The (|unri> ; thosf> at tho —nil planted firmly lid distance to the marl: B. T. (Uoun- rces from tho postw, ero a tree stands in lu would the post. mors of tho Town- i by 60 chains in ono chain in width it mark it on your ry lines drawn and I prevent encroach- )f your survey, in It road allowances B banks of rivers, 0 be run or sur- Provincial Land ou survey, and tho ler particulars as n the accompany- u will furnish the II inch, exhibiting arshes, meadows, of the settlers ; public improve- ines of all the ir- )ur survey, colored sections, 10 course of your he order of their ivell stretched on )t fold — it when th, containing a eyed each day KKMAHK9 ON LPPEH CANADA SURVEVS. ' vii weaTherlV!."'*''^ "'"' '''""' ^"" 'li^'^harged your men ; and their names, the kmd of the :£:z^':!:i:::^r:n ti;c'r.:V^h;:;r;;;:;;^;:s,fr-;i ^ --^ v^at^.n, th.. distances in diair. and l.nks U^Z Z:;! I: 'd^ Ini :t;" ^ ;.,iiuialn,itur... the face ol the .ountry, whether level, n.llin-- btoken hillv ,„• posts planted. She kind of wood of wl.^L ' l^vS.rc U th'^'JIln ??""' = "' marks, with courses and distances to bear ,k ' tVee ^u 1 lie Za In ' 11 ' '""^ astronomcal observations i ,- tbo V.!., i i tie details ol all your methods ofworking, and results": ^ "'' ^'•'' '""'' ^'^'^"^^'-■' "^''"""'' ^^^ = ceedin?s^"whr„' f?''' ^^ «"-;voy must contain a concise summary of your pro- ceed ngs, with a few general observations on the Dhvsioal .'eo-^rmbv nC th W ry, Its capabilities, and the best mode of develop! rtl^'Xt.t 1 ..' Uie^an^.0 as the printed forms of field note.^r;d d^y, as i^iiir^r^iZild Instructions for Sorveys on tuk North Shor. oi Lake Hubon. aititu^j!; X:rr:Ser:?'tli^ :t::r;i.:^:^^^^ needle at the point of commencement you" 11 proced to TI^v 'the"" '' •''"; meridian, from the south-west corner of -_ J, .1 a u ^ , pnncipal on a course south, astronomically At 47;;;^;sTom It t'iV '' "'''^''"^ ""'J*' accompanying plan ; and proceed in like manner wit? thotS^ bound ties. ml corners of sections, and half-mile posts for the corners of qua" er^er on Tl of the sauarpVr'nilf 'vi i ^'■^"'^''-■'^ ''''}^ ^^'^ ^'"^^t"*^^ ^n each of the four an-ies - •• • vin HEMARKS ON UPPER CANADA SURVEYS. post,!" is to'brbh".! Ttaon^Z:^^^-' :? '^ ^"?P^^ ^^^ P'-« of . comer nor, and will be notched as tho ro ,?. ? *'" '''*'°"' *« >^'^"ch it is the cor- must be taken in additio t^eroi TndZAT^"- "?' '"'^ ',* ^^'^^^ '^' ''^-ring t,^e . . When the survey of a townshi^^ " ^^, 'f "' "^""' '^=^"»«'-' &c. ^ Pn«'»g plans, field ites^ Sy Jnort S '^^' '"""^ '^' ^^'"''"'^ *'"^reof, com- •'^^partment, they are carefuHy e^^uZe 7l T"T'' ""'' transmitted to the notes and the accounts with tlfe cUa ^ sji^f, &'' ^'"'S compared with the fieli vered m the examination of these S,.... ''"^ ''''''' ^r omissions be disco- who must furnish the requied correction /'''"^ T r'"''"^'^ ^o the Surveyor fore obtaining a settlemeU of his account "" '"^^ ^ "°''''''^ omissions^-' thereof; as also ^opie^ of t jLT 'urt^^^^^^ «i' ''-^n^' cleared, and value y^s^anch, the local agent, ^d t^ S^:^^ S^^ ^i^^rVSf- ^^^ Canadum standard measure of lenoth mtfoh A ''" ^"'^i'' ^™^'« ^^^'"''cd to the t^ondon, for this Department in lS?n ? , -Y ^^''''''- J^roughton & Simms of t-y of the Eoavd o' ExamTnors of P^tlitit 1%'"" '" ''" ^'^'"'^ '' ^'^ "-r - pec.al use of the surveyors of Upper cS AT ^"••^7"''^^' "t Toronto, for the ov.^A^'°'"P'':'^^^ the'canadian^SnSt ith tleTf ^^^^'''1' ^ ^''""'« ^^ate oyal Astronomical Society, and finds it 00^008 .f"''T f "'^^^"'"'^ '''^' "f tl'o die -yeet or standard yard "^"^^ ^t an inch longer than the mid- ;;n".i;anX^;^SKJ^rr1^S.:^-S-'^^ to the t}.ey represent, but that thej will ,1^ 2 '" "'f '?*;^'""''* ^f the Province I'^berer and explorer. Until e.n-iA '""^^ ^--^l^ablo information to the l^rat.vely correc't maps c'Z I o ^u^t^d' T"^'"''"' ^"^° ^^"^ ^^'^ oom- neantime much additional information ^^1!; nlT 'T" '"^'"^•^■^ ' but, in the 'ata, and to expose any errors th.f,n.v-^ P>-< cured co swell the available tins ,.ason, the^Return^s are p .c 1 i tfj riLT'^^'"'' '}'' ''''''' surveys it It IS much to be regretted th't SuZJTf ^^"'^ ^'^^"^'^ ^''^^ P"blic. parts of Upper Cana,la,\rs eve^il'te 5v t^' 'V' ^^ '''''''''' "' certain found to be productive of unlimTted S ^,!''; ^«^«"^'««^nts, as it has bee ;WHch such surveys were performe fet e 1" ^°°'' ^^l ^'^^'^^^'^^ manner i My townships of (54,000\.creseah, were sm^^^^^^^ and 1827 about .n3.''T'"'^^' ^^ ^^'^ination of tl e ' 4 n tC /f'T '"'? ^^«*^''"' ^^^ '"t has 'nucl as 20 acres each short of the miantitv n .'/ 1^ °.^'' '" '""^^ «ases, fall as of a like quantity is found. I n conC e^;^^^ ' ''^' ''^"'^ ^" ''^'''^ ''^ overplus 'cgh and Harvey, and part of ]>or Si have :^"■''^^'^^'''^ ''^^•"«'"P« «f J^ur' .Not only was the iork on the ^ made during the past year exlubit the utmost ignorance wit re^T *''"'"^^»''1.T P^'fomed, but the refmn: ;n many of the field^ooks are LmS c d u^'l'l ^T f ?"^' '^'''''- '"^'^^ "" "^ >nks at the left hand margin an he "enais n/"^ ,'^ /'^1P''«^' '^' '^'^'^^^ am books are of all shapes and dimens on f^o m '>'v ? /'^ ^^' '''^'^t- '-i'bese fieh mformation to direct either the se wV?? ^fnToJ"^'^''^^'^'^'^^?^'^^' ^^^thou discov-er the lots on the ground they I'om-es nt ^ "' ""-^ ^'""''^ P"''°J J>ow to in some of the old fini-i i. 1 "-l^'^^^"-'"' ^ "°" '"'""' ""S-V'' - *votea W .act lol, and .he s. le place of a corner > which it is the cor- Jast one bearing tree i.'inner, &c. eturns thereof, corn- transmitted to the apared with the field omissions bo disco- d to the Surveyor, ssary omissions be- is to prepare a list the north shore of the area of each cleared, and value tl for the use of the I which such survey ory, and the north irveyors' township s to an inch, the the United States ere reduced to the rhton & Simms, of -ire of the Seere- t Toronto, for the :on & Simnis state ulard scale of the gor than the niid- md useful to the of the Province brmation to the farm lots, com- ■cys ; but, in the ;11 the available it surveys. For le public, ii'act, in certain as it has been 'less manner in nil 1827 about 'Om, and it has ne cases, fall as ors an overplus vnshipa of lim-. tlie past year, Ijut the returns n- The notes lie chains and . These field P size, without period how to 't lot, acd the REMARKS ON UPPER CANADA SURVEYS. IX description written across the entire page; the chains and links are entered -.t random, and the bearings or courses of the lines left out alUether am^no men lioL "STs'hU^'^h'.rniP^"*^'* '' "^^^'^ '"^^ limitf of'thelo ts or c : Py^rS;dShirSLtnd%;;S^^ act« led statements of their proceedings been liven in tkir Rennrt. „f fi„l7' . no pe son oe admitted to the protession without having served a nrohition-irv period, as an apprent ce to a duly qualified surveyor, and wTtrout hrvkf und'^7 course of L pSe 111.0^1'^" '^ ^"" '' .''''^^'^^'^ ^^hen met with in the ist or nis piactice, the ordinary economic minerals of the countrv Tl... A,.f erront^urslteVSm^^^^ ""''' ^^^^T case arising from muth" of a celestial object is the arr n??h« ? • f 1' " ""^^ °o' be amiss to explain that the "azi- circle pa„i„g through the o^ect ^' ''""°''' *"*"''»Pt«"l between the m.rtaiau and a TertUal REMARKS ON UPPER CANADA SURVEYS. otMIoT^'"" of finc^.-ng the detailed description of any lot or line therein, observe I kind Sl.irtv"o??,'' f *^ P^?' ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^""P^i-^^ ^i" ^^ found wth tiie Kina and quality of the timber and soil written thereon. ...1 i •'"' '""^^'^'^^ «i-c entered from the bottom of the page to the ton in a inesTnS'fho^-''. "f.? ^'"""'' Y"'^ *^^ P««'^-" of the^'sts and boundary At ho ?n nf Y''^^ T'^T ^"™ ^''' «" ^"^^' «i^'° of the line surveyed^ ofthoinitnetinnP.l!r 7f,' '^' ^^'^^'^^'^''^tions for latitude, time, and variation kr. fI,o 1^ • ' 'T"'l ^^''^ "eeessary detailed calculations, are entered • as ;tetes iSlir"^^ of proceedings, and sketches of the lakes, with the tri- nlished inTh^! ''" ^"'''"P^P"^*^ ^o remark, in conclusion, that the progress accom- mos sa ?sfactoi V ''lYr^ completeness of the surveys of Upper Canada has been urn shed to tt iS.r. / accompanying pages are given extracts from Eeports lement durinl th.t ; ' by surveyors employed in opening new fields for%et- haTTn ovS ? AT' '"^^ y'"'^" '"^^^li^tely preceding ; and it is believed nci^eall cart) ;r- '^'' ''f'''T\ '''"' ''""''-^''^ ^^" ''''' *« ^^^^ibit the ZticulihTJf '^^^'•^^^^^'V" *'\' departmental supervision, and the increased fo t em Sot.i ^^--^^.y^'-^ themselves in the discharge of the duties entrusted In.n ■L^^t'^^K'^i-e omitted; because, though valuable to the profession thev ^ h IZ:: ''Vv'rl ^''' '^' ^'^"^'•^^ P^^^^^' ^'^"^^ ^^^y wouW^sweH he bu k evtl Ze'Llf'l '" '' an inconvenient extent. Enough has been selected to itveal the general progress of the GoTernment surveys in Upper Canada and to tiiL L>epaitment during the period covered by the Report. Department of Crown Lands, Ottawa, 28th June, 1867. THOS. DEVINE, Surveyor in Chief, U. C. line therein, observe tx will be found, with page to the top, in a posts and boundary >f the lino surveyed, time, and variation ns, are entered ; as akes, with the tra- thc progress accom- er Canada has been •acta from Keports ; new fields for set- ; and it is believed rve to exhibit the 1, and the increased e duties entrusted le profession, they uld swell the bulk IS been selected to er Canada, and to I the attention of I Chief, U. C. ex:tiia.cts FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. ALLAN Is situated on the ManitouHn Island. It is bounded on the north by the Georgian Bay, on the east by Mudge Bay and the township of Billings, on the south by Kagaw^ong lake and the township of Campbell, and on the west by unsurveyed land. The most of this township was surveyed during the present year (1867), by Provin. cial Land Surveyor Francis Bolger. The surveyed portion of the township contains an area of 40,125 acres, includin<' water and roads. " The following is an extract from Mr. Bolger's Report of Survey ;— " I will now proceed to lay before you a few general observation.s, relative to tho physical geography of the country, its capabilities for .settlement, ^-c, as far as came with- in the range of my own observations, '' ?'^$; g'^'if'",'^! geological futures of the Manitouliu Islands have been very fully des- cribed in Mr. Bell's report to Sir William Logan, lie has been Intcly cxaminiD-^^ that por .on embraced within my survey ; 1 shall not, therefore, enter upon this subject, merely Uatng,euj,assant, that I lound vast quantities of silicifled corals ami heads of cystideans scattered loosely over the ground on lots 15 and IG, and concessions 10 and 11. ^ in..,., 1 K°'''°1 P °!./^''^°' tliroughout its entire area, i; very level, broken, however, at luteivals by ruges ol imestone, which rise abruptly to a height varying from 100 to 120 let above the level of the lakes. These ridges are thickly covered wilh a second growth of the n!o L7l? f tl^° to^°8hip best adapted for agricultural purposes lies to the south ind of rnnf 7nnn 'll""^ ^'\ concessions, containing an are... (exclusive of water verv ockv of 11 o'on'' '^T^^^'^'^'' ^'^'^^h which has beer, ru., over by (ire and is very rock;y; ot 11,000 acres. In the remaining northern part the ..-rcatcr portion has been ser.ou.sy damaged by hre, ^hich has consu.i.ed the greater part oi the timber, burning 3:v I '" . ° '°'.^- ■^'" '""S^ P""'°° ^'■''^'^ ^'•='<^' I '^'"^ "^'^ 'i"-'"i it nee™ to 1, ' . "' ", "^ according to your instructions, that no lands unfit fo.- settlement were to i'C [■11! VCVOu. lvinJH..V.''i ^"'^""•"^ l^''^ *jl^«°i' ™°«ist9 generally of a sandy or .a'avclly loam, ovcr- is fhP r5-f f u Sl"°^'l''/'i'i ' ;"^^^'^ principally of pine, poplar ind spruce. Maple fouud EtS If^b^'-^" '?«'^ '^^ f f ^^ "f-"-" some fine fish to be foSnd in it and some o^ppIW^' w- u ''/f ^V '''"""^J ^^ere arc and western shores. ' excellent and timbered land bordering its eastern about^''3^C:Vtfei\V^rS "^^''^'r^' °"^ - -- of settlement there. Judging from thrannlran '^'y^^^^ °ot> ^owever, established a doned it some years ago. " appearance of the choppings they must have aban- rcsidi;:j';L;i"aTprl^n;,^^rt^hr;fh:^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -^^ ?-e famines M.ohigawdenong,^ituated at the he'ad of Honom bav' ^FrZVttTJ'V *• ^ "'"^^^ «»' «Iia!lowness of Mudgc bav at thn hpn^ nf ^^-^ •. -^^ .. "^T l'® exposed position and the village .1,1 ™e „ /n. tyr^'ff ,lr™;:/;S'„ft J,'" "' """""» "»' '^■' ASSIGINACK Is situated on the Manitoulin Island theeast"li;n!C ^^ ^he township of Sheguiandah, on the west b'y the township: o^mtrj^ ITd tSd^" ''' ''''' '' '-'' ^^^' ^^ ^ Provincial Land Surveyor John Grant subdivided part of this township in 1864 The surveyed portion contains an area of 22,081 acres, including water and rL^ The following is an extract from Mr. Grant's report of survey :- tion ri?b:i'n?:'lt?:e^e"Ttlfn-^a """'^'l' T "'=°"°' '' ''' ''''' ^^^^^^^^ '- -!tiv.- boulders, interspersed whswr-Psan^^^^^^^^ the larger part,iswamp, wit^X ^ aS^amSr^^^^^^^^^^^^^ P^^'-' ^^*4 3URVEY. An abundance of very from 2 ft. 6 in. to 3 ft. Iio riclicst agricultural A belt of very excel - ), having the side lino n Kagawong lake, in a ins, and having an av- ar-bush. I understand 1 to the traders on the extent. The portion 11 square miles. It iing the Indians living lerably above Mudge township — discharges Kagawong lake) into it to Kagawong lake, IT a distance of a mile ; a canoe of ordinary ting it. At about 90 ■e fall I estimate at ill be turned to pro- ins an area of 1,867 by a stream of coosi • •y shallow ; there arc bordering its eastern ired out an area of )wcver, established a By must have aban- ! only three families ig to the village of ied position and the anticipate that that )f Sheguiandah, on South Bay, and on township in 1864. ' and roads. EXTBACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REtORTS OF SORVSy. 8 «nni'i^V^^''!l.'"'f',"P'° portion surveyed on llth concession, small ridges of hard- n!l„ f ;' i,^^ ^"'^""l" f°°^ '^"'^ ''''''"P' ^'■°°' ^^''' 12th concession to the south-west angle ot township, most of the land has been burnt over, little soil being left-it bein- left nearly a bare surface, cohered with stone, except some swamp on the extreme south-west angle, and some high ridges of hardwood on South Bay. The portion between the 1st concession and 1 , 12 18 and 14 is high and broken limestone^oek, intersp rsed w th mixed timber, principally cedar, balsam, birch and maple. ' S„,.tll^'V''''-'' °°f '"r"' '^\««''^^'f 'fy i° the soil ; the eastern part, up to the west side of hucker lake, IS a clay loam incumbent on a limestone rock, ranging from one to ei-hteen mches deep; from thence, .a the 1st and 2nd concessions/it is a clay loam, of a lighter quality, approaching to a sand loam on the extreme west, considerably mixed up with stone and many rolling boulders on the surface. That portion of the township on the south °ide of Man.tou lake extending to the llth concession and west boundary, is of a light cay mixed St ^ ° "P ^'^'^ ''"^^'' °^ '"'^' ''"'^ '"«° 'l"''"''*i^« °f rolling stone nnH Huh'' P^'r.f,^ concession (from 11 to 14; surveyed, is very much broken up with rock, i w J7f S r''r.' ^"S' P°'-to" entirely bare rock. The timber from^Manitowa: giowth ' '' P"°='P^"y '^^P''^. iroawood, basswood, and elm of light ^,<„r,Il'^''^^''i!""'!l°*'^^°'"",'y i' "lixed timber, composed of balsam, tamarac, poplar, hemlock birch and maple, and a l>w scattered pine, except the portion 'surveyed 'on^ sSut and ilnTod left. ' ' ' "'"'"* '''' °' "'"'^ '' '^"^°'' ""^^ ^ ''^ "^«- "^ ^P'^' ^^^'^^' none'JsuffiSnl tZe Sb r mTp^Ts^ ''' '"'^' ^^^ ^ '^^ «'"^"^^ °^ '^"'^ -P"'--' in^r fro^SoS h'.?- Tn' °J' *f' ""'^'^ '" ^'°^''' ^^"^ "'^g^" °^ ^'-^^^tone rock, ascend- ng from feouth Bay in bo d and abrupt ascents, and from Manitowaning until it attains the maximum height on lots 18 and 19 in the 1st and llth concessions, Apparently Sf^ot high. The contour from thence to Manitou lake is broken and irregular, with r.pid and fhe?d T«d'8''?Q 'J^here is also a considerable fall from the lot! ab^ve-men ioned t the side road 8 and 9 on the Ist and Uth concessions, where a limestone cliff rises near v perpendicular. From thence to the west boundary does not differ much from a e^e in Its main feature, but is much broken up with limestone rock. II On the extreme northern boundary there are some small ridges, and less frequent, formaHn^ f.r''"'"'°"'''f'^^^°°"''''^^«'^°"^'''^°'l "ttle difference in the geoLeal ph™ rocks '"'"''^' '"'P''"" "^ occasionally a little shale and some metamo?- " The season of the year was greatly to my disadvantage in the prosecution of such researches, as, during most part of the time of fhe survey, s^everal feet^of snow was on the ''The concession and side roads are so much broken up, that it is not Dractieablc to open them as roads capable of t.'avel. practicable to nr.h K?'*'°''' fr f T r'^'""' °^'-^° '""<^y ^'^i^h ^ff^"" f^ir inducements for settlement pobablyone-thirdof thesur7ay,the greatest portion being between Manitowan "and Sucker lake, and around said lake, as far west as 19 on concessions 1 and 2. and thC III ance in strips between the several ridges. ' »«ii '7^Z^ '''^ about 400 acres of clearing, in scattered patches, some of which are pretty well cleared up, and others only partially cleared. ^ ^ tnn,„ "• ^^ » ^^^ ''t" -^^ '''''^^"^, °° ^^^ ^"''"^ P°'"ti°ti of the survey, at the head of Mani- owaning Bay. It is composed of about 18 residences, four frame dwellings and the re.t log houses; population probably about 120. There is a good frame Episcopalian chu eh mission house and school, and a good frame store-house on the beach " °°P^"'° "''""^' Stness for oultiva- Jvered with rolling ;ern portion, being AWERES Is situated to the east of ("oulais Bay. It is bounded on .he north by the township of Vancoughnet, on the east by unsurvcyed land, on the south by the township of Taren- torus, and on thi weat by the township of Pennefather, EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVBT. It was subdivided in 1859 into sections and quarter sections; each regular quartur sechon contains an area of 160 acres. Tho township of Aweres contains 21,544 acres of The following is an extract from Provincial Land Surveyor A. P. Salter's report of Survey : — *^ As a whole, this township offers few inducements to settlors." BIDWELL Is situated on the Manitoulin Island. It is bounded on the north by the township of Rowland, on the east by the township of Sheguiandab, on tho south by the waters of Lake Manitou and unsurveyed land and on the west by the township of Billings. This township was surveyed in 186t by Provincial Land Surveyor Joseph Hobson and contains an area of 36,816 acres, including roads and water. ' The following is an extract from Mr. Hobson's report of survey :- create pa'rfont"cSistfo/«r°°°* '^?^ ^''^ ^T''^^^ °^ *'''^ *°^°«J^'P' ^J ^^^ the greater part ot it consists of swamps, and poor, sandy and very rocky tracts of land covered with a dense growth of timber, principally evergreen. In many places it s broken bv hi 'h «n,n " J^" *'-?"°*'^ *° *^° °°'"' '""'^ ^^'^t of Pine Lake is rough and hilly, although in ?ar frnfr """T''.' " '^^ ^"'^ ^'''''^ of hardwood; but the^il is poor and 'ony anS far from being well adapted for agricultural purposes. To the south of pTnelake the'land r «es in terraces and the hills recede some distance from the shore, while upon the nS tions of lots Nos. 20 and 27 in concession 6, of lots Nos. 29 and 30 n coic~ 4 I 6 and ^ are timbered wit.i an excellent grow h of hardwood princba Iv manL Tht' 1««f mentioned tract is a singularly beautiful undulating pla?oau,^rurjofb? above Lake and e ;t^°n? I ^l^' ^^'^r'^^'^.t ''''' 't'' '^.^"^^ ''^'^^ ^'^^ '' '^^ ^°wnsh p to he no th ana east of it. It slopes towards tho south, which is the only side from which it is dosXip us'ht^VS nS % o?Zr^ ^'" ^"^^ ^"r "f-'^Pl^. »-d b/tie Indifnra^:' rrl^,rn^ot Xtht:un1t1citi;i°^'- *^" ^'^ "^ ^«' ^ *^^°^ ^ ^^^^^ifassert She«uiL7a7^yH,°^i^"°?A"'l''''''^°'^^ °.^' ^^^' Manitou, from the line 'between oneguianda and Bidwell to that between concessions 7 and 8, rise to an elevation of from :t' ? bTc'-'j^'rSl^r ''-^ '"' =^'^^1 '}" "^*^^- '^ ttese Jlaces it is frinSiitj'ir Hnlnn M 0^^' "'-•ix there is a narrow belt of hardwood, which would cause any one travel" Whfcris r all not IT''' ''''' '"Hl' T ' ''/'' ''^'^y 8°°^ ^^^^ land exSing inland, wnich .8 really not the case, as will be learned from the field notes. The wet land comes I Is sil the Georg of Carnar IVBT. 3a0h regular quarter aina 21,544 acres of P. Salter's report of es was met with, its 11 timbered, and, in st by the township veyed land, and on r Joseph Hobson, aship. By far the its of land, covered is broken by hifi;h jpresented on the hilly, although in oor and stony, and 'ine lake the land ! upon the north excellent farming lake. The soutb- •tion, and contains f burnt land, the the timber map. ! township. Por- oncessions 4, 5, G naple. The last- feet above Lake ship to the north hich it is possible Indians as sugar 18, concession 11. others of small aay safely assert, rie line between levation of from nged with cedar, 3 any one travel- xtending inland, wet land comes B.\TRACT3 FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVEY. .5 to the water's edge in some places. The shore of the most northerlv nurt nf T ,i,« m •. " As before stated, the greater part of the township is oovarod hv « atJ ofBrcal height, but cv.r, one lhal\o h,J oSSa I,, L. I •" '"S".?'™!!''", e* Sz ™ 2,rft.rSpBr v:;':ir:ffir '"'"^ -vrv'-- cannot be said to possess a money value '*^'°f'' purposes, although it visited.' ""' '"" '""'"' *'"* ^ "^'^ "°^ ««« ^ ^°-J^ *^«° - -y P-t of the island that I ,L „ a.«M'th. the co^Mrr siVE'sj ': SL- khh ,f i' two hundred feet. I?hink he rra^SlVl.l 7'' ^T '/'^/ °^,°°' "'"'''^ ^"^'^^ '^^'^ with the prosperity of any village in Bidwell ^ interfere most stnously accou^t'oAhtjo'wi^hi^'Tta^VS^^^^^^^ ^^ ^''^ -^'^ - -f-rablc land, but there are notLy of them lart enoT/h^o tm ? "V°T.,P^'°'' of excellent may, perhaps, be sold by auction ; but feanZthnktW ^ settlement. The land of agriculture', will purcLe if he ht^'r eSy set t^c^uYtrr ""'' '"^ ^ '""'^^^^^^ Ihe iormation of the township .s limestone." BILLINGS. Is situated on the Manitoulin Island. It is bounded on the north by the waters of he Georgian Bay on the east by the township of Bidwell, on the south by the township of Carnarvon, and on the west by the townships of Allan and Campbell A portion of this township, embracing an area of 23,321 acres, including water and roads, was surveyed in 1864 by Provincial Land Surveyor Alexande^ Niven. The following is an extract fi-om Mr. Niven's report of survey :— I 6 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP fiURVET. " Thfi part of thid township surveyed naturally consists of high tabic lands on its east and west parts, running northerly along tho shore of Lake Huron at an elevation of from 20U to 4U0 feet above its waters, and descending by precipitous cliffs to a valley several niilcH in width, occupying its central portion, and extending from Honora Bay to Jlindo-lMoya Lake. 'I The soil of this central portion, bounded by the aforesaid cliffs, as shewn upon the plan, is in general a sandy loam underlaid with day, and timbered chiefly with maple, basswood, ironwood, &c. Tho land and timber around Minde-Moya Lake is of excellent quality. The sugar made from tho fine raaple groves around this lake affording the Indians one of the principal nrcans of subsistenco. " A tract of excellent land occurs on the east boundary, extending from concession 0 to concession 0, and is timbered chiefly with maple, basswood, Ac. Lots 1 to ;5, concession 1 are also goo 1 lots. " With the exception of a few detached pieces, the remainder and by far the greater part of th(! p )rtion of this township surveyed, is of a poor, rocky description, and timbered chiefly with cedar, spiuce, balsam, Sic. " A tract of land along the east boundary, extending across concessions 2, 3, 4 and 5 has been completely burnt over by fire, leaving the rock exposed. " With rogiird to the timber, I may say that tho good land is timbered chiefly with maple, basswood, birch, ironwood, &c. Along the eastern shore of Honora Bay, covering the face of the hill ris. ig from its waters, la to be found some very good red or Norway pine, " A good deal of white pine is to be found throughout the western portion of this township, this being the principal timber on lots 22 to 27, concessions 4 and 5, as shewn by the timber map. I should think, however, that the supply would not much exceed the demand by the settlers. " The remainder of the timber is chiefly evergreen, cedar, spruce, balsam, &c,, inter- spersed with mapl \ " This township is weH watered by lakes occupying about one fifth of the area surveyed, abounding with whitefish, bass and other varieties of fish. Numerous streams are found traver.^ing it in nearly all directions. On the high lands, however, or westerly part, these are very seldom met with. '• This township is strikingly marked by bold promontories and precipitous limestone cliffs descending from the enst and west towards tho centre and Honora Bay, having a gentle dip to the south, and exhibiting ia many places for miles together an exposed face, varying from 20 to 50 feet in height. " I did not succeed in finding traces of any minerals. " With regard to the agricultural capabilities of this township, I have to remark that a splendid settlement of about 5,000 acres can be made around Minde-Moya Lake, and extending northerly towards Honora Bay. This tract of land is by far the best that I have seen upon the Island, and would, 1 think, be settled soon after it comes into market. " The piece of good land mentioned on the east boundary, taken in connexion with an adjoining tract in Bidwell, might make another settlement. Of the 18,000 acres of this township surveyed, 1 should say that not more than 7,000 acres will make good farming land. " About 190 acres have been cleared by the Indians at different places between Honora Bay and Minde-Moya Lake, the largest clearing being at Michigawadenong Tillage — t.ie principal crops raised being potatoes, corn and wheat. These with maple sugar, forn.' the principal means of subsistence to the Indians. " The luhabitants of Michigawadenong are about 150 in number, or about thirty families. " It will be observed that I have mfirked upon my plan a reservation for a town plot, containing 695 acres. The eastern portion or that part at present improved is of little importance in an agricultural point of view, the soil being a light sand. " By reference to the notes it will be seen that quite a village already exists here, consisting of well-built hewed log-houses, including a church with bell, and priest's house, &c., quite a number of these being enclosed by cedar post fences. There is also a mill privilege here on the creek shewn upon the plan. " Michigawadenong harbour is naturally much es^Dsed, but sufficient protection for i i Rvirr. ;h tablo landa on its on at an elevation of 3US cliffs to a valley from Honora Bay to , as sliewn upon the chiefly with maple, Lake is of excellent I lake affording the » from concession (i to s 1 to '{, concession 1 id by far the greater iption, and timbered ssions 2, 3, 4 and 5, mbcred chiefly with [onora Bay, covering ;ood red or Norway 3tern portion of this s 4 and 5, as shewn lot much exceed the I, balsam, &o., inter- of theareasurveyed, IS streams arc found westerly part, these recipitous limestone mora Bay, having a her an exposed face, have to remark that ade-Moya Lake, and J far the best that I after it comes into in connexion with the 18,000 acres of •es will make good ent places between ; Michigawadenong These with maple er, or about thirty ion for a town plot, mproved is of little ilready exists here, and priest's house, There is also a mill oient protection for EXTRACTS FROM UPPKR CANADA REPORTS OF PURVEY. ^ vessels could be obtained by a moderate outlay for a pier. At present tlu. water is too shallow to admit of a steamer approaching within 200 feet of the shore." ^ The residue of this township, being an area of 4,406 acres, including water and roads, was surveyed during the present year (1807) by Provincial Land Surveyor Francis Bolgor.' '^ The following is an extract from Mr. Bolger's Koport of Survey :— " I find some excellent land on the lino between the ICth and 17th concessions, con- sisting of a deep clay loam, but no timber; such was the scarcity of this article that I found difficult to procure material for posts. " The extreme north part of this township (that embraced within my survey) is a high table land, rising up from Mudge bay-on its western limit-to over 100 feet above the waters of that Bay, and gradually descending towards the north till it reaches the Bay HI a gentle incline. •' ''The whole of lot 29 and a portion of 28, in the 12th and ICth concessions, constitu- ins what IS termed the Indian gardens, is occupied by the Indians living at the villa-o of SZisZl'nv •■°'n""Tr" °^.^^^ ""'':= ^^''' ''^^y "''"'' pof^tocs^nd corn,w"hich flcmrshcs luxuriantly. I have seldom seen finer agricultural land than is to be found in BllOWN, WALLBRIDGE, AND WILSON. These townships are situated east of, but near, the Georgian Bay. ' The Maganetawan river runs through Brown and Wallbridge. The east, south, and west boundary of Brown, the east, south, and part of the west boundary of Wallbridge, and the west boundary of Wilson, were surveyed in 1867 by Pro- vincial Land Surveyor M. Deane. The following is an extract from Mr. Beano's Report of Survey :~ "The land, generally, is similar in character and description, being rooky, barren and unproductive. The surface throughout is rolling, or very uneven, and, in many placs rugged crags are alternated by intervening swamps and marshes. "A most ravaging fire ran through this part of the country about three years a<'o destroying the timber, burning the scanty soil, and exposing the gneissoid rock, in most places, to the surface. ° o > " ''The land, generally, is unfit for cultivation or any other agricultural purposes, but will, doubtless, prove rich in mineral wealth. i r > " It would be presumption on my part to attempt a description of the geological fca- ures or formations of the " Maganetawan District," as the same has been already examined 1854 """'^^ Geologists, and fully described in Mr. Murray's printed Report for " The Maganetawan river flows, westerly, through the townships of Brown and Wall- bridge, on which there are many excellent mill sites, and water-power to an unlimited extent. " These townships will not aflTord much scope for lumbering operations, as there is but little pine of a good quality to be found ; much has been destroypd by fire, and most of what has escaped is scrubby or punkey. However, the extent of' country surveyed by ino will yield a large quantity of saw-logs ; but, as far as I could see, there is no merchant- able timber. BURI II. Is sit^pted in the county of Peterborough. It is bounded on the north by tho town, ships of Anstrutber and Cavendish, on the east by the townships of Methuen and Chandos- J 8 KXTRACTS RROM UPI'KR CANADA HEI'ORTfi OF SURVKY. ThiH towDHhip wa« rcHurvcycl in lH(i4 I.y Provincial Land Surveyor J. W. FitzRorald nn.l ..ontams an area of 7!),40:i aorcn, including water and roads. ^ ' The foUowinK is an extract from Mr. Fitzgerald's report of survey :_ ", l.a.iiiK un avcraso wWth »r about ™„ „,ii; bounjary l„ oonccisic, N„. srme», become cx«cJinX vakabic K fj t ^ ,T ''°"'"'~' a» .cttlcmont pr„. .i»« of the tract «, I .. iXi", 1 ™jy pSod b, thc^rr""""' . ?'° "'""" P"'" .1... arc now Jcmandio" for it «„ cMrmous Tr cc vt ■ fi.„ ,„ ■ ^'n™' '" """•'««i'lra'« .l..ding that it ba, b.c"n almo.t toW nwudTd 'of all the li^rr T ?" ""=' ""'""''■ vauc. TI™act..,.,.,y.c,iou,cbJckr.cWc4:/a;d ;SLl'lt3^^^^^^ ..th:.''.r»dV'sr.rjc°rorb?„:fitf^^^^^^^ ing wffltward to the boundary, au eilrcmolv brnl™ .i T ""''' '■"'"'' ""'' '«'"•'- «ba,p l„cg„la, ridge, cn.iro/y'dStuS „T f.iU„d .i£r °"S,if St ""' """' '"'l about Ihrco thousaiid acres. Halt of Bi. Ped., T .1. , !" °°'""' "n "«» »' although con,ider.blj br.Ln, " omc"h« bet or 1 tiu,r.; 'T""' " 'f'} '', ?» <»"°")' beon lumbered ou regularly for .ouare timber and ™ ■" '"^J ™'' '"'"'■J. I""! h.» ■"XiX:['f "S'° "S P « *» -' '.^'.TtCSaer "" ""■ ^ '«" water .l;fKneit£?tVrtLS'„£U1,gt.t,t^^^^^^^^^ ,s «v.gab.o for .., leg,, .ud .,u.re timber i, .'eciieually Yri^lrtiug'^tt '.S otvrhl;:;L?re&g:-r!i£fe™^^^^^^^^ good red piuc is tolerably abundant ' "" "»"™'»ns ■', W, U and 13 MethMn" fltf^oir^dluty llKf'Xt'rr t '°'°,""P' "^ """"'e" ""^ large gyve, compesed ei.l„,iy^^yrel°u'r£ t ^tr'a U'' ■"°° " '"^ P'™'"'"'' root, s Se'° ■! z:y;r.:tzt:&f''i^^^'! 'fv"-' «"^' lakes occur, and atreams and erS »e Sf f,^ j , ""' P*" ""^ ""> """"''P «' plentiful,, iutersperaed witb°tw:;* Zi^'o^Z:^^:^, ^ T^ p'o^TE VKY. 0 west by the town- irJ.W. KiUgcrald, those lyinj,' to tho greater portioa ot fit for a^'ricultiiral f,' tho old Croiii tho to concession No, h a wtout f,'rowth of Tho soil is fertile while at others it 3ntal bedrt varying IS out, tho appear- in any abundance as settlement pro- The f^reater por- ' to non-residents per acre, notwith- if any commercial '"i-uiidablo barrier old settled town- 1 narrow belt of idcrable di9tanoo. bare rock totally the shore of the ack at least from trs and continues ako, and oxtend- tract occurs from ;overs an area of d 7, tho country healthy, but has r 1857. A few tho limits of its y. This stream iring the spring nd, particularly ate appearance. Dlated groves of , 10, 11 and 12 f Burleigh and I very plentiful, surface being he township no It J8 however i portion of the KXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP PDRVEV, 0 lots along tho road are settled up'oJ and^irtly elLJd ■''PP'""-"-^' -^ "'»"y "*' ti-o No 11 to r/Srloif nfVr V '•?"" '•" ".?°°'^ ''''' °'' '"'^^^°°'l l-^"^' "^tending fro.n lot blarglanlt'ali;'1i:rV^^^^^^^^^^ occurs. It extends fro n lot No 18 to M nl • > • .?''°' '1 ^'.'''V^ ^''""^ ''"^'^^°°'' '""J »mci;;;tstr"'„t„':;,iS.dM"""'' '"'"''^'"' '•»"'•■ »'■■'. »■"«". *-"- CARDIFF. The following is an extract from the report of survey of the east part, or residue of the township, in 1863, by P. L. S, Fitzgerald :- 10 iAI&ACT8 FBOM IJPPKB CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. "That tract of ci untry Ijing between th, louth boundary and oonoession No. fl, nod sidclinu'JU and 21 m-l tbo east boundary, m undulutiug, and in nlacos ooDHia.:, ibly broken by low ridKCsof grauii only partially covered witli a idiallow Moil ; in tbo valleys, however, oecusioiial tracts ul I'liir luud occur, fufliciently cxteujiivo to induce Hcttletnont thereon. The •liny timber in thin .siction m w 'to pine of a j,'oo(l quality, and from it« proximity to i„ rth Kivi'T, which runn obliquely (hrou},'h this tract, could, with aiivantu^^e, become niarkoiiflble.^ The river, however, thoj^h ponHeHwinj; Huflicient water and boins.; compura- tively free from Hudden abrupt bendfi, would rciiuiro a ^jood dciil of bhistiu^',' ami small l.ackrt of drift wood to lie cutaway to make it profitably available, llcmlock, maple, beech, birch, Sic, of average cizo, are also frc<|uently met with iu tliii tract. "Ik'twcen coriccss,..n G and i'audash lake is a tract of land possessing a much wore favorable appearance ; the surface is gently undulating, ,'radually sloping towards the lake ; the soil is composed of sandy loam of good depth, resting' geneially on a bid of gravel and coarse mind, and covered with a healthy stout (growth of hardwood timber. On tho wes., Hhoro of this lake, from concession t! to concession 11, is also a tract of land of very ■.■ jml , quality, and covered with heavy beech, maple, hardwood, birch ami hemlock. ' Small isolated patches of healthy average-sized pine are also met with. " With the exception of a part of the east shore of the north bay and a portion of the north shore of the oast bay, the land around Paudash lako offjrs every inducement to the settler; the soil is rich and fertile, and tho situation in every way a desirable one for set- tlement—from Its proximity to this large and beautiful lake, abounding in salmon-trout, and smaller varieties offish, and also being within easy access of the liu.-lcigh road. "To the north and north-cast of the lake, extending to concession No. 115, the land again is broken by low granite ridges, tho soil is shallow, and the timber of a stunted growth. To tho west of this section, and along side line 1 o and Iti, is an excellent tract of land, extending northwards to concession It. The surface is gently undulating, and grows stout beech, uiaple, and basswood ; the soil is i>l' great depth, and of a rich, loamy nature. "The land through which side line 25 and "JG passes, in concessions 10, 11, and 12, IS partly broken ; but further east it improves very much, and towards the boundary pre Hcnts a promising aspect. "In concession 12, on side line 2.5 and 2(), the land improves. Eastwar'd of this line IS a small lake, surrounded by land of a very fair quality, covered chiefly with hardwood timber. Some excellent white pino also surrounds the shore of this lake, lhou"h not in great abundance. ^ " In concesBion 14, the lino crosses a neck of this lako, beyond whioh the land is rather hilly, but tho soil of good depth, and tho country in every other respect well suited for agriculture. "Tho land on concession line 14 and If), from lot IG to the east boundary, is of nearly the same fair character— a very large proportion of this part of the township being well htted for settlement. " On side lino 25 and 2G the land is rolling, about three r, ju?ti rs of n milo north of concession line 14 and 15, where it beg!" to become more uniform ur,,.' hv.-j in concess' jus IG and 17, a very large proportion of which is beautiful land, il'.} i-.g eu. awards j the ooil IS a rich sandy mould, aad is covered with very large beech, i^a.iAv, basswood, birch, and swamp elm. This hardwood tract extends to the north boundary, and eastwards to the township of Ilerschel ; it comprises about eight or ten thousand acres, and is drained almost ejtirsly by tributaries of the York branch of the Madawaska. Along side line 15 and 16, fini . concession 15 to 20, the land is not quite so good, and is chieflv covered with small pin. '>fi:'iJock, balsam, &c. Thi.s part of the township is well watered'; a number of small klict . a- ' -jdictoly north of Paudash lake, and connected with it by a good creek, af- ford* ns, •<'•) j'ooc^ ■ .ill sites. " PiJM.. isl '..".0 is a large body of water of a very irregular form; its banks are gen- eral,'? ;"W-, m'j in places . '-j and stony. Some very pretty islands are also scattered through it; ,':>. outlet is in Uie township of Faraday, butting on the Hastings road, and flows very gently for a long distance. " This part of the township of Cardiff comprises very nearly 40,000 acres, and is well worthy the attention of Government : and until it c-nn be convenient]? reached (.lUhnufrh several thousand acres are now claimed), it cannot possibly be settled.' West of this tow^n- ship is Monmouth, the survey of which I have also just completed. It contains at least bO per cent, of good land and I would respectively beg to recommend, a new road be opened RVEY. onoefliion No. 0, aatl oooHtd'ir tbly broken tlio valleys, liowt'vor, lemurit thiiruuu, Thi' rom iUi jiroxiniity to ll IlilvitlltU'^O, lireollli^ and beiiii^ ouiii|)i»ra- t' blastiij^, nmJ hiiiuII lulook, iiiupic, beuuli, iCifsirif,' a much more iij; towards tliu lake ; n bed off^ravel and mbur. On tho wom.. of land of very .■ "d 1 lieinlock. 8uiall and a portion of the y iiiduoomoiit to the lesirablo one for Hut- inj,' in salmon-trout, j.duij^h road, ou No. l;i, the land Limber of a utuutud :ccllcnt tructoi'iaud, iug, and }j;row8 stout loamy nature, ions 10, 11, and 12, 8 the boundary pre astward of this lino iefly with hardwood lake, though nut in oh tho land is rather ipect well suited for )undary, is of nearly township being well i of ^ mile nortb of l"-v,'l in concess' jiju eu.;. wards ; the uoil assffood, birch, and nd eastwards to the nd is drained almost side line 15 and 16, covered with small : a number of small by a good creek, af- ; its banks are gen- 3 are also scattered Hastings road, and >0 acres, and is well reached (.tlthnngh West of this town- It contains at least Dew road be opened EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORT OF SITRVET tl CAUDWKLh l.»i»uatcdin tho county of Simeoe. It is bounded on the north by un^urvyed torntory, on the east by unsurvnycd territory, on tho south by tho township .f U'au, and Su c'voTf V ulT''' f """^''"^- '' "" ^"""^'''^ '" ''''' 'y ^--ciul Lund Mirveyor k. A. JJaldwin, and contains an area of 50,005 acres. Tho following is an extract from Mr. Baldwin's report of survey :- i.ivi,„ N»:r^: ^iii; wi^u ia,!i' j^r :;;o='";>."S'i, ^"'' ' ; • I Have not noticed any loiut in the township of Curdweil, which' would 1,.. .m^,.Kl CARLOW i Is situated in tho county of lla,stings. It is bounded on the north by the township "t Bangor, on the east by the town.hip of llaglaii, on the south by the township of Mayo , snd on the west by the township of Monteaglc, 12 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OE SURVEY. It was surveyed in 1860, by Provincial Land Surveyor Charles Frascr Aylsworth, and contains an area of 48,308 acres, including water and roads. The folio wint,' is an extract from Mr. Aylsworth's report of survey: — '< The greater portion of the township is composed oi' excellent farming land. The soil is principally sandy loam, and the timber chiefly maple, beach and basswood (that is, on the best land). "The south-cast corner of the township, as shewn on the timber map, about 2,500 acres, is rough and in some places very rocky, the timber principally pine and hemlock ; the pine timber has been culled and very little left lit lor market in the way of square timber, although a large quantity of saw-logs could be had of a very fair quality ; the soil on this portion is light and sandy, and not .suitable for agricultural purposes. " The central portion of the township (as shewn on the timber map covered with hardwood), bounded on the north by the York branch of the Madawaska Eiver, is composed of excell5nt farming land, the soil sandy loam with a clay sub-soil, very little rock or stone in this section. " The timber is chiefly maple, beech and basswood, with sufiicient pine for local purposes, but not in large enough quantities to make it profitable for lumbering opera- tions, as this township has been all culled by lumber-men for the last 35 years. _ "That portion to the north of the York branch (as shewn on the timber map, covered with pine and hemlock), and bounded on the north by the line between the hardwood any the pine and hemlock, is light sandy soil, and a large amount of rock and stone in mand places, to such an extent as to render it unlit for settlement, in fact the very best part of this section can only be called second class land. "Along the margin of the river, however, and scattered over the whole of this tract, there i.s still some fair pine remaining, better suited for saw-logs than for square timber. • There is also birch and poplar on this portion, but of very small growth. " The northern part of the township (that portion shewn on timber map as bcin"- covered with hardwood), is of the same quality as the central portion, and well suited for agricultural purposes, soil sandy loam, and timber maple, beech, basswood and i)ine, enough for local purposes. '_' About 200 acres in the north-west corner of the township are very rough and rocky. The timber (pine) nearly all dead, owing to fire having parsed over it some years airo. " At the time I completed the survey there were in the township twenty cle°arings comprising in all 270 acres, and the settlors all appear to bo doing well, and in very -ood circumstances ; the crops last year, ISG.j, were very line, and the fall wheat, 20 ifcres altogether, gave an average yield of ;iO bushels per acre, oats about 40, and hay from 2 to 2.1 tons per acre. Hoots and vegetables of every description do well in this township, and in several instances as many as 20J bushels of potatoes. per acre have been raised, turnips &e., in like manner have yielded abundantly. * ' ''The township is well watered by lakes, rivers and creeks, the lakes and rivers beinf plentifully supplied with fish, such as salmon-trout, pike, bass, perch, and speckled trout"! "The York Branch of the Madawaska lliver, which runs through the township, is a splendid stream of water, on which are two good mill sites marked on plan, with a plentiful supply of water all the year. There is also a good mill site on the J'apineau Creek marked on plan. " I did not collect any specimens of rocks, as nothing worthy of note came under my notice, the formation (granite) being t' c same throughout the township without any variation." *' DUNGANNON Is situated in the county of Hastings. It is bounded on the north by the township of Monteaglc, on the cast by the township of Mayo, on the south by the township of Limerick, and on the west by the Hastings road, and the township of Faraday. This township contains an area of 54,337 acres, of which 11,535 acres were surveyed iu J857, by Provincial Land Surveyor Quintin Johnstone. rEY. ser Aylsworth, and irming land. The basswood (that is, : map, about 2,500 line and hemlock ; he way of square r quality ; the soil OSes. map covered with River, is composed little rock or stone nt pine for local lumbering opera- years. uber map, covered the hardwood any ad stone in mand very best part of hole of this tract, or square timber. • >cr map as being lid well suited for swood and pine, rough and rocky, uc years ago. twenty clearings, and in very good wheat, 20 acres nd hay from 2 to lis township, and n raised, turnips, and rivera being d speckled trout, le township, is a on plan, with a on the J'apincau ! came under my hip without any by the township ;he township of aday. ;s were surveyed EXTRACTS FKOM UFPEK CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. 1,3 The residue of the township, being an area of 42,802 acres, including water and roads, was sub-divided in 1864, by I'rovincial Land Surveyor John L. P. O'llanly. The following is an extract from Mr. O'llanly's report of survey :— " This township is naturally divided by Vork Jlivcr and its main tributary, Kuan's Creek, into three sections, viz : the north-western, south-western and eastern. The north-western section is in the I'orni of an irregular trapezoid, and contains in round numbers 10,000 acres. It is generally rugged and hilly. Some of its hills attaining the magnitude and continuity of mountains, and the surface in many places consists of bare rocks. The soil is a red sandy loam, and where Irce of boulders is tolerably productive home patches of pretty iair land are here and there to be found. About a fourth of this section 13 ht for settlement, and I have no doubt that at least that proportion will in time be settled. The prevailing timber along the York liiver is greenwood, principally pine of a very fane quality. The remainder is covered with hardwood, pine and hemlock, one or other predominating according to soil and situation, cxceptim;- the swamrs, and the alluvial fiats along the river, which are mostly timbered with elm and ash. Crystalline limestone in this section is almost entirely confined to the south side. » The south-western section is in tlie form of an oblong with two serrated sides It contains about 10,000 acres. The surface is rolling, here and there abruptly broken by narrow ravines and steep rocky declivities. The soil is a deep sandy loam, generally free from stones, capable of yielding very iair crops. The timber of this section, swamps excepted, is principally liardwood mixed with pine, in some places only scattering in others bearing a fair proportion, and along Egan and L'Amable's Creeks, almost cxelul'ive on the high lands. I consider that about one-half of this section is fit for cettlement trystalline limestone is very abundant throughout. " The eastern section is in the form of an upright millsaw, irregularly worn, and with Ijroken teeth. It contain."^, unsubdivided portion included, about 14,000 acres It consists of low, flat hills, alternating with narrow swamps and marshes along the principal (Streams. U is les.s elevated and more nearly approachim,- a level surface than either of the other sections. The soil consists of sand and gravel, bare rocks in many places protrud- ing. J he prevailing— almost only timber, is greenwood, consisting of red and white pine of superior quahty, hemlock and balsam on the highlands, and cedar, spruce and tamarack on the low lands and swamps. This portion is mostly if not altogether, unfit for settle- ment, and m my opinion should not be offered for sale. For whilst 1 doubt not but it would command a readier sale than any other section, I am satisfied that it would bo purchased by pretended settlers for the sake of the pine, to the great injustice of the limit-holders, and loss to the revenue. '_' In this connection I may remark, that continued observation and considerable experience have convinced me that the exclusively pine districts are more regular or level than cither the hardwood or mixed timber countries in the Ottawa and Huron territory I have found no trace of crystalline limestone in this section. " Of the whole residue of this township, about a fourth consists of middlin"- or fair and very well Qt for settlement, and the remaining three-fourths arc rou"-h, ro'cky and barren, and therefore wholly unsuited to agricultu-al pursuits. This may appear a small proportion, but I have seen enough to convince me that it is equal to that of any othor township on the Hastings Road ; nay, that many townships in the Ottawa and Huron territory, supposed to have much good land cannot boast of a like ratio. " The prevailing timber is pine, which is to be met with in more or less quantities throughout the whole township. ^ " This township is well watered, the principal streams being Vork River Euan's Creek, and L'Amable's Creek. York River, a tributary of the River Madawaska, Uself a tributary of the Ottawa, a tributary of the St. Lawrence,— so that York River may metaphorically bo styled a great grand-child of the mighty St. Lawrence,— enters the township on the west side in gift lot No. 54, and flowing north-easterly, in very serpentine course, leaves it in lot No. 4, in the 16th conees- cireuitous and sion. Its bed is deep aud narrow, current swift, and high banks generally 'to Egan'^s l'arm,_ where it becomes broader and la-H swift, with low banks and largo marshes adjoining, which in high water present the appearance of a long, irrregular lake. Its navigation, suitable for the canoe, skiff or punt, m interrupted by three racida, composed 14 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVEY. ofa sencs of chutes or cataracts of great hydraulic power, and formin-' excellent mill s OS. A slide and dam have been constructed on one of them, and sidl^ dams on Tl o others by .Mossrs. Harris, Bronsoa & Co., to facilitate the descen of tmbero mark lor the utt,iwa City 3Iiils, and the latter for the Quebec market. J'.-an .s Creek, a tributary of York lliver, enters this township in the 10th lot ..I' . conco.ss,on, liow.n,^ northerly in a zigzag course, falls into ¥01^! Jvor in 1 > 111. concession. This stream is for the most part deep and slu-nsh, wTt h bw wun . ■ banks, and largo marshes at its confluence with L'Amable's tV^ek navi^Uon'is obstructed by three rapids, on one of which a slide and clam are con truetec". don S'tiUodlrn^SltiLr^'^''^^^^^^ ''' P"^P- -^--^ '° ^bove. Tlift;?S!;.g\"r'a:: nnhl'!v° '"''/tr ^""^ '°'^ '"'''"' '^^"°^ ''"'^ "^"'^'^y- gradually tillin- up bv the dcbru Ime nilSbt ; :; m'"'^^?.' "^"^'^ "" °r;-°'-. -^ sonfe of co°nsi5erJbl e.c their aqueoufotioin ^ '° ''' '''"°°* ^''''='' "' '^^^ '''^''^ unmistakable traces of " '^'''f ■<' "'■'■• "'f some wild meadows, the hay from which is ea-erlv sou-'ht bv bn. berers and now settlers as it affords an excellent l^odder for oxen and^ cattle '^ ^ ::Sf;j^^Ss-e^i;S^^i^^i^^^^^ .dundi^^-rn? :z in tirtownsWp/' ' ° ' ^'°'"' •''°'^' *^° '^'^^'' ''"'''' ^^^ three taverns FISHER Is situated on Batchewanung Bay, on the north shore of Lake Superior It is bounded on the north by the township of Palmer, on the east by the township of Tilley on the south by Batchewanung Bay and the projected township of Ley, and on the west by the township of Herrick. •' This township was subdivided into sections and quarter sections in 1865 by Provincial Land Surveyor G. B. Kirkpatrick. ^ Each regular quarter section contains an area of 160 acres. The township of Fisher contains an area of 12,241 acres of land, 400 acvs of whi.-l, liad been previously patented. The following is an extract from Mr. Kirkpatrick's report of survey:- Biderably above the level of the lake,"! tSkliere'^^ d^rioT^S;? IHL^^ The two northern ranges of sections are most deserving of notice bein<.L- the most n.; sp endid looking hardwood land, and nearly free from stone. Round the si ore o?tlieC the soil IS lighter and more sandv. On spct.inn 9 and nirt of fiPnh'nn s T f L T ^ been lately burned. " ^ section 8 the timber bus The timber in the township is principally composed of maple birch baknm imn^nn,] cedar, spruce and tamarac, and a few piL Lttefed over 3' of the tt^'n^rno^^^^^^^ 1 IVEY. 'ming excellent mill 1 side dams on the jf timber to market. s stream^ the former in the 10th lot ol' llivor ia lot 12 iu , with low swampy • Its navigation is constructed, and on The two larger are banks. Its naviga- ag up by the dibrii; ionsiderable extent, inistakable traces of rly sought by lui>. attle. ittlcrs not possessc'i ships on the south i Peterson Roads, great demand I'or nt produce of the Faraday, separated st and .saw-mill on and three taverns Superior. It is )wnship of Tilley, nd on the west by 865 by Provincial 00 acres of whicl dy loam, and well xcept iu the east anJ would make , but as it is cou- ;y in draining it. Cor the most part shore of the bay 8 the timber hus jalsam, ironwood, sections, not in EXTRACTS FROM UPPFR CANADA REPORTS 01' SURVKY. 15 sufficient quantity, however ibr lumbering purposes, but affording good building materials for settlers. Ihe only f,.^ed rocks to be met with arc greenstone and trap, in the former of wluch iron ore is found in abundance in the locations of Mr. IMausficId and off • mtuated to the north of the township. There are no mill sites within the limits jf h.sher but immediately to the north of it there arc falls on the Uatchewanuu'^ llivcr and Carp Kiver, which both enter JJatchewanung IJay, in this township. The rivers a.s well as most of the smaller streams are plentifully stocked with speckled trout •' J hero are half a do/en families of Indians living on section 14, win get their liviu..' by f..shiDs and hunting They do not cultivate any of the land, except a litUe for potatoc; round their hoiiscs. There are several maple bushes on section 12 whore they dl -o in the spring during the sugar-making season. ^ " I " '^\ fif «on Bay Company have a trading post near the village, on section l.i, and I am much indebted to the oiBcer in charge for his kindness and Courtesy durinl^ e winter. •> "^"""o '■"'" " Thi.s township presents unusual advantages to settlers, from its proximity to the iron mines be ore referred to, which, I understand, are being opened up at the^pres it tune, as aiiording a ready market for everything that could be irrown by them, he climate, to iud^e liv Insf. winfm- nrliJoi, t i,„„„ i ^i.i i _. llie ehmate, to judge by last winter, which I have been' told )-".>"-o-/'j' "•■-'■ "•"''v;i, wuiuu i nave ucea toiil was an avera-re one latter place ''""'' '" '^'^ °^ Kingston, though more snow falls than in the ''In conclusion I would say that the whole of this township is ht for settlement, and 'pecd7,;LuleS'" "" " •"' ''^ "P" ''' "^^'' ''"^ '•" ^"'^'^ 1-^"- "^' '' ^i" ^^■ FOLEY Is situated in the county of Simcoe. [t is bounded on the north by the township of McDougall, on the east, south and west by unsurveyed land, the north-west corner of the township touching on Parry Sound. It was surveyed in 1866 by Provincial Land Surveyor George A. Stew.irt, and con- tains an area of 42,497 acres, including water and roads. The following is an extract from Mr. Stewart's report of survey :— j " The Parry Sound Colonization Koad passes diagonally through the township from south-east to north-west, thus facilitating in the best possible manner the settlement of the ownship. Jhis road, through Foley, is of very superior quality and will compare most frvorably with any of the colonization roads with which I am acquainted and reflects ^'reat credit on the parties employed iu its construction. " Ph^sicd Features of the Countny. • " A largo proportion of this township is oncupied by water, a characteristic common >o this portion of the province. The lakes throughout this township are generally veJv irregular in outline presenting bold rocky s.iores and great depth of water An examin a ion of the map will shew the position and extent of these lakes. It will bo observed that towards the western part of the township they become more numerous and irre-ulir as we approach the (Jcorgian J5ay. These lakes present scenery of .singular beauty and \anety, and possess many attractions to the sportsman and tourist. '• 'Ihc hills throughout the township are generally ruirged and rocky, presenting in S'lMio eases impa.ssabic barriers, ° " The rivers are of small dimensions, connecting the several lakes. The princinal nvor, after pa.s',sing through several lakes, continues its course westerly alons tho tenth eonccssion, and empties into Parry Sound near the western boundary of the towushin n Las several falls in its course which might be made available for manufacturing pur^ poses.^ Ihe position of these falls are indicated on the plan and field-notes. '"" '' A lake of some magnitude occupies a considerable portion of the contre of the township. It IS named by the Indians Nig-ga-go-bing, and ezteads its numerous bays in 16 EXTRACTS KROM DPPER CANADA REPORTS OK SURVEY. Hcvcral directions Irom tl.c mam body, its shape boinc; very irregular, tts waters aro discharged through a short river into a small lake on lots 130, l.'Jl an.l U2, in concessfo . A, and from thepco into Lake Pot-tah-cah-win-wa-nu, and from thence through a lon^ stretch of river into the Sound at lot number tliirty-fivo in the ninth concession. Whcr. this r.yer crosses lots 189 and l-JO, in concession ]:], are falls of some twenty feet head J he only other rivers of any conBequeuce arc, that running from i'ah.shc.gong-ga Like in 0 a small lake on lots six and seven, on the third concession, and another from l-ake U,e-pah.gua-nc.ne-na across lots lL'8 and 12!) in concession A. The former is sluggish in 1 course and contains no falls, but the latter is precipitated over several ,tt twen'SSe'ftet """"" ^°'"' *°' "^'»""^'''°'»""J? V^vroL. It falls probabl y "I have endeavored to indicate on the timber plan accompanying these returns the general divisions of the timber throughout the township. The Acuity of iSern'- anything like a correct representation of all the various characters which the country presents,_is well known to those who have made the attempt, so that only the <^e" crl sub-divisions are attempted as being all that is deemed necessary. It will bo foundihcl ore, that in many places throughout the portion shewn as hardwood laud, rou-h preei,,.-. tons barriers ot rock present themselves, and low wet swamp incapable ot' drafnage ■ but on he other hand, there arc small patches, containing perhaps scleral huudreS fcr^s, t be found throughout the portion shewn on the plan as rou-'h rocky land '; J^'^"'^ "5 excellent rjuality will be found in scvend places along the southern to lot twenty-four. |o wards the western end of this boundary the land becomes rougher :^ni. n^H °. ' f •''°"^'' '''" «^»*^'"i°S ^'"^ll patches <.f good land. \t the soutl"w s Ziuty'tVtTatt'rn'^el"' '-"'°"'" "*^"' ^""^^' ^^"'^'^ ''^'''^' '^ -""^^^ *° -"'--^ " Along the line between the second and third concessions are considerable tracts of very excellent land more particularly at lots seven, eight, nine and ten in those coneos s.ons, and westward from lot number twenty-eight may muk good land be fouid In the no th-eastern part of the township are large trac s of good land, particularly from lot three 0 ot en, in the tenth and eleventh concessions. Also from lot fourteen to twentyTee n those concessions. Ho that generally throughout the township large tracts may b^ ound well suitea for BQttlement. Indeed I have no hesitation in saying that the whol township will compare most favorably with any other that has come ,/ndc5 my ob ervaS, thr^oughout the surveyed lands in what is commonly known as the OttawLnd Iluro,' " I surveyed the township of Stanhope in the winter of '59 and 'GO, and it was considered one of the best townships in that portion of the country, and it was not Ion' in being taken up to a great extent, notwithstanding the difficulty of gc in? n?otf"r 7Zrr-'vJ- l"Tf'' '^' '°"°'^> °f ^''^'^ '^'''^ «"P«"°^ to it, independen of the' greater facilities the latter possesses of getting to it by steamer on Lake Huron part of at'ownS'^n '"'^f/^'''°"g^""t this country offering difficulties to transit from one part ot a township to another are often the cause of reported tracts of good land not bcin- aken up, and the township of Foley will be fouad to be no exception in his ilp et"^ ParrTS^T^ r-'r^'V-'" "'^"'''"^ ^'"^' ""''' ^^^'^''^e 5 but the position o/ he' I arry Sound Koad counteracts in a great measure the evils arising from that source There aro no large tracts of good pine found in the township, though occasional groups of very excellent red pine may be met with throughoiA the hardwood trac? worthy of the atten ion of the umberman. Oak of good quality may be see,rin various parts of the township, and birch is very abundant generally " Geological Features, '' ^^^r'f exposures throughout the township bear the strongest ev-dencc of its bein- fwf l-U-'' ^ ^ ""'f^'^' Laurentian formation, enormous masses of gneiss rear n^ t eir faces like perpendicular walls are constantly met with. These rocks bear the u u"l characteristics of the gneiss. Stratified beds, v.aryinQ. in thicknes. from an inch or kss to inany feet, composed generally of quartz, feldspar and mica, and sometimes lombtnde 1 looked m vain for any indications of a higher formation, or for any tracings of crvstal- hue lunestone, and for that reason I did not think it necessary to transmit any spedm n« land. URVEY. ;ular. [ta waters arc and l.lLJ, in concession 3ncc tlirough a longci- i concession. When' twenty feet head. Tom J*ah-shc-gong-g;i on, and another from n A. The former is upitated over several ises. It fiills probably ing these returns tlic ifBciilty of rendering •s which the country iat only tlie general will bo found, there- 1 land, rough preeipi- ble of drainage ; but ral hundred acres, to and. along the southcni m fourteen westward md becomes rougher . A.t the south-west t difficult to continue ionsiderable tracts of ten in those concos- id be found. In the ularly from lot three ;een to twenty-three, arge tracts may be ying that the whole nder my observation Ottawa and Huron ad 'GO, and it was ind it was not long f getting into it for independent of the e Huron. to transit from one good land not being :ion in this respect, the position of the >m that source. though occasional le hardwood tracts ■ be seen in various ''donee of its being gneiss rearing their ;s bear the usual I an inch or less to itimes hornblende, racings of crystal- mit any specimens E.XTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVEY. 17 of the rocks to the Department, as they appeared to be ordinary gneiss, difl'ering only in the proportions of the constituents quartz, feldspar and mica. " There were strong indications, however, in many places of iron ore, and the effect on the magnetic needle was very troublesome, at times causing a variation of as much as tifteeu or twenty degrees. T was not able to discover anything resembling ore on the surface, or samples would have been forwarded with these returns to the Department," M FRANKLIN [s bounded on the north by unsurveyod lands, on the east by the Bobcaygeon road and the town.ship of McClintock, on the south by the township of Ridout, and on the west by the township of Brunei. It was surveyed in 18G5 by Provincial Land Surveyor Henry Lawe, and contains au area of 41,191 acres, including water and roads. The following is an extract from Mr. Lawe's report of survey : — "Along the east side of the township, between concession A and side-road fl-G, the surface of land is very hilly and broken, and very much cut up with small lakes and swamps, the hills — or ridges — rising some hundred feet above the general level of the township. The soil is of a sandy character, shallow on the tops of tlic ridges, where, in many parts, the rock, which is chiefly of the gneiss formation, comes to the surface. In the valleys, however, the soil is deep, and is covered with a rich black mould. " The timber is chiefly beech, maple, ironwood, elm, black birch, and basswood ; there arc also pine, hemlock, cedar, balsam and spruce. " The same may be said of the west side of the township, between the west boundary of Peninsula Lake, the Lake of Buys, and a line running from the extreme north-east point of the Lake of Bays to the extreme south-east point of Peninsula Lake; with the exception that the ridges are not so high, tho soil is deeper, and it is more thickly timbered. " On the central peninsulas and on Bigwiu's Island the surface is more rolling, the laud is stony, the soil sandy loam, aud il is thickly timbered with maple, bteeh.^blaek l)irch, ironwood, elm and basswood. " On the north side of the township, between the north boundary, concession road 10 ;ind 11, Peninsula Lake, and side road 10 and 11, the surface is rolling. " In the north-west part the soil is clay and the timber chiefly beech and maple. In the south-east part the soil is sandy and the timber very mixed, containing some very fine white pine. " Between the south boundary and the Lake of Bays the surHicc i:^ rolling, the s.iil i-hy, and the timber chiefly beech and maple. "The Muskoka river is a deep, clear stream, averaging about a chain in width. In parts it is falling and rapid, affording several good sitesfor mill privileges. After passing lot No. 4, till it enters the lake, it flows through a dry, sandy plain, extending half a mile south and two miles north of the river, timbered chiefly with red and white pine ; many of the former would make fine spars, but the latter are of an l .erior (|unlity, scarcely fit for merchantable purposes. It abounds with speckled trout. " The Lake of Bays, which takes up about a fourth of the area of the township, i-; ■,\ deep and clear lake, abounding with white-fish, lake trout and speckled trout. " In conclusion, I would state that this township is well watered, contains sufficient ■uuouut of pine, cedar, &c. for the wants of settlers, and water-power to drive grist and saw mills. " There is a considerable amount of arable land scattered through it. I'ish and ^'ame are plentiful, and it is easy of access, both by way of the Bobcaygeon" and i>luskoka roads. '• The lota along this latter road, I understand, are getting settled-up fiist ; as it passes within a few miles of the north boundary of Franklin, along which there is some very good land. Probably the township will get settled along that side first." 18 EXTIIACTS PROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. HARVEY I.S situated in tlio County of Peterborough TI>o following is an extract from Mr. Clementi'a report of survey .- wab5;s;;:;iS;:itfc;a:;^5:^^ west JmUZ^J'S:^ ^"^ ^^^^'"- P-'- of the town«hip, or of that J^ft lying to the .nland u lot or two the hard^ood'tSe ^'S ^^^^ ";"' '^' ^''"'''''•^ beech wluch are seen are a sur<- inr);nnfL„ ^:[ ' -^ *^^"' '^'^^^ t'''^<='' of niaple and The latter, the upt,^.:eS root? f Sen t! es sI^'Tl^ °' ''''„^°'' 7''''^'' '^^P'^'^ ">-' sub-soil of clay. Going a littl. fur 1 er , orfh V f' "^"!^"y/ fi"« «andy loam, with hem!ock«, which run to: ve y lar "e te ^hl o /l T-"""'^ '' l^\'^^^ interspersed with crally more undulatin- but at tho^.n, .. r '.?'' '^ '"'*''°'^ ''S'^t"' '''"J the Innd gen- .you to believe that oven tie lots wh Srar r^J'o'L^ "? '''? ''T' '"'^ ^ ""'^'^l '-' ^-^3 auy moans without a very fair slu^oSstouVsnU, M'°^'''•'^"^'P''^■ '^"'^ ^"^'^^'^ '^ro by M'is will, no doubt, with Labor and priTan"' J. ''^.^-^J^^^'^S township of 'Smith' wheat. perseverance, prove to be the very best of land for the ^a^;^fidXli:r:iro?S:?:;r3f l^^'- ^fTf ■ "f the land changes, a. rougher country. There has been ? Ln. ^, ^ *''''^' ^ '>'^^° ^'^''''^'^'v ever .-,'ecn a the lire has, ofLe yea s, d tL'Val that'X'i ."f " ''""'?^, "[ r^' '""'^-- ^'--' but growth of hemlock and bir h has snrun^ 1 '""^b^/.'^" ''''' l«ft. and a don.se second penetrable; this commences a ttlEnd 17H,nn- '''r '" ^^'°'' '' ''' ^''""^t in.- sl^about the breadth of three ^s!^ S^IfJ^^^i^ widrr^o^^oS^dl^^: few. i'l^rtheretclrraf p'Sl^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Z'T'^ ^f ''' f^P^^ °^--' anxious to take up land there as soon a it s ava Sle The h^-^,^'"'^ "^'°^ P^°P'^ ''^''' ^™-' expcdUjons on and in the imLlliate vicini7of these lakes ^ "'^ ''''' ''''' ''^' '"^ *J-- that, tot tvith an b'd'Xoisll^ofte^'S.o"'^^ '° "if ''"^^ *°'^^^^'^ -" -"'^d, and choice, and look forward to a pilrr Vn " 7"^^^^ 'f'^'"^ ""''^ '^' ^'^'^ °f their wbichii^tor:--— ^-^-^^^^ tVEY. ndisIi,on the oastbJ ivcst by tho towu.ship Surveyor 'I'lieodoro roads. ip very much mort? B had but a slight to expect, at part lying to the lot present an invi- ut after proceeding; rccs of maple and hicli supports them, le sandy loam, with y interspersed witi) i- and the Innd gen- d I would not have e and beech are by iwnship of Smith', ' best of land for e land changes, m rcely ever seen a timber there, but da dense second 3 it is almost im- 3g into the tcwu- you proceed ea.T- exception of some I many people are a very handsome srch; but not in md in the lakes inection between seems not to have ses these waters, 8th concession, bold and pictur- I, indeed, I attri- 3hip to the fact at of the farmer, sen of it on their ivell settled, and e land of their families. The of the township for agricultural EXTRACT.S FROM UPPER CANADA llErORT.S of SUUVKV. 10 IKnl^ .-"V '''^''°"^'' y,'?' """' y.''^' *'•" '""^^crmen have been despoiling it of it.s splen- ^?, Jo .-, 1^' *'% 'y.°" ']'■' ^"'\ "''■•^ ''' ""•''^^ than four shanties ere" tod-so„/e or square timber and others (or saw-logs-in that section ; and there is little doubt bi tl t I lor many years to comp the facilities to navigation will induce tfm lumb n n o t ko lu J saw-logs from land which, a few years ago, would have been considered worked o in S far as pine timber is concerned. ""'^i-^i uuc, m .^o lUhl^M'^/'i ''\ *''°''' °''- '"'"'• ''" *''" '^"■^' ■'''' ^'"'^ f^"' concessions, and about the ICth, ihnin fiM' r ' P°"^P'-'«'"S 'omo cm acres, which, although ston;, is worthy of n uti as being ht lor farming purposes; than the beech and maple ^hich are seen stundin on t [ have never seen hncr and this is the only portion of what can be tcrined hardwood land m the eastern section of the township. As soon as you leave this, on either sid t e an"te cTops^out, ana the pine ridges are merely divcrsilied with tamarac marshes and k™ "On the north ends of the 1st, 2nd and ;Jrd concessions, to tho breadth of about Unce lots, there is a good deal of pine still standing, and that, too, of a f.rst-class ,n,al J ad I imagine that now (through the energy of Mr. W. A. Scott), the Mississagua^ • ck h 'in. been improved to such an extent that even masts may be taken down wTth safety al Vbi^. totuJbet' ' ' considered impracficable to take out, will S' it" w!'y " Throughout the township generally there is still a great deal of scattering timber which will be taken to the mills as saw-Iogs : and even this year a great man>thou and feet of timber are to be seen on tho ice of Pigeon and IJuckhorn lakes. n.v „ ;^'^'',r.'=^P«."=* *o t^'e waters in and around the township, I can only say that, were a person traveling in a canoe to form an opinion of the country from wliat be ther- 'aw i 3 wh ch'SrC'r.'' "'^ ''r;r" ''\ "°^ thatthccrcctLof the dam at Buckhoi rn!^ has flooded several thousand acres-and tho dead timber now stan.li,,.' presents an unsightly appearance, excepting where the shores are very bold, and here o» course, they have not been similarly affected. ^ ' ' •" ^l *l° P':'°C'Pal creeks, commencing from the west, Nogies Creek is available for rd°p'ni ^^f'"' ^"J* '^■''' ''"-'''^''^ ^'""^ °^" ''^''^' "" '^' wJucir would prevent .sbei" made use of for extensive navigation. On lot 22 in the 17th concession is a large tannery" now in operation, and the great quantities of hemlock bark which are close at hand 'i^^ "Tf /.r^^^r'^V*" *''° proprietor to proceed with, his undertaking. The avera.-e width of this creek is about sixty feet, and the depth about four feet Squaw River, m size and depth, resembles Nogies Crock. After you iret up the trcam some three or four miles tho banks on cither sidc\re low, and great%uantit"es of S wn" f ' -Ti .^^''^^''^ ^^^'^^'i t° ^ width of some fou^ or li"ve chLs, and th land would, with draming, become very rich. On this stream, on tho 16th lot of the l-'th concession, a fine saw-mill has been erected ; it is, however, only available durin- Ihe spring months, the water being too low at other seasons of the year '^ "On Mississagua creek great improve nts have been made, which facilitate materi- ally the bringing down of timber. This creek is somewhat large^ than the two afore men- tioned ones and the water more rapid on it. On lot 15 on tlfe 8th concession th re s a ■1 da^ Mr SrinT «^'^-'°^'^,"^'"/ -P'^^Ie of cutting thirty thousand feet of lumbe; \ ^' •;!. , • ^ ? "^ ^^''^ ^^^'^^'^^ '"^ commodious house close by, and there the traveler ZtVl f " day^ exploration of the country, will always find a comfortable bed and a .Si ! iT'-.v"^ *'"'°'''^^ ^",' ^T '^o^^t'^icted from this mill to Bald Lake, some i of l^Afl^ y ^n.'^'c?"' *^ ^"""^^"^ '^ conveyed (per steamboat) to Lindsay. At the h ad of this creek Mr. Scott has erected a large and substantial dam, by means^ of wh eh he can raise the water m Gull or Mississagua Lake several feot ; he has also put up smaller dams down the creek^ so that he has now an almost entire command of the water.^ ncnf I .^V .^^'^.■'^'^y C-^cek little can be said; It traverses a very rough country, but is still c^eek bv th"T'"f '^"^° 'T\''-- i^T" ^•^"^P^^^^y ^'''"^ ''' '^°°"^"y construe ed on th^ I Ts nJr'n T ™'?' ^""^'/i*'' *^''" •^^'='P*'°°^' ""' improvements have been made. fhirWpfT'/? rW T°^'^ '^'''r^ '"^ '^' township, its average width being about S fJ ?^ %^'^^ ~T^' •':''° '''^- ^^^ n^merou. little ponds and marshes whic^h feed J usS ''\^ '^' T'i^ Z^^'^l '^'^' year, shelter and comparative seeur ty to lie housands upon thousands of wild ducks of all descriptions which repair to them durin- n fiL •' 'Tl?° '° '""'•'"y "^°°^°S to feed on the rice-beds in Deer Bay, and returnin" in the morning before sunrise. ^ uu ioluiuiu^. 20 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVEY. A, 'anJ ?„ri r'"" '",'""'"' »"■ ei»i»S omploymc,,. to ,u.„v lb ,°£ XT™ HERRICK Is situated on the North shore of Lake Superior. It is bouDded on the north by the township of Ryan, on the east by the township of b i3her, and on the south and west by the waters of Lake Superior This township was subdivided into sections and quarter sections in 18G7. by Provin- of 100 acres"'"'"''' ^"^""^ '^°''°''°°" ^''' "°""^'' ^""'" '''''°' "''°*'"°^^'' ^'^'^ The township of Herriok contains an area of 7,210 acres of land. The foliowin. is an extract from Mr. Johnstone's report of survey :— ' li.. between ,e til 8 Sio i; Jot h. aw.wf'tr.^K" °i "''f^ '" """' '^ '!>« .0 the hU .hore, .nd about Lu^^TZ^Z If it '°°""''"' "'' '* °«"'^ P"'"'' Cil:^::^^ "-- -"'» -^ '^' "=■ «• ^'S; o?t ,4'xt'irb! =,:";Lr.^it-\vrttttL*;r„rttfi:;fe are nl','^".'t''bo' tt"?;."""" """' """" "' ''"°"'"''" ' »" ' '" «»' "-k tte tbe.c " The streams are few and small, and with the oxcentinn nf fi,n < a ki u- w , western boundary of the township), 'could not be inadrfvaSablltr 1° ^''''^f''' sluggish, with the exception of one spot" about thirtv ' chains fmm If^^J^ !^ ? ^' ''l^ "1 however adjacent to four "I adjacent iuljaccnt even hei the shall "T not be 0 ijuarter I Betticrs t "T access to ship can for all ki township '•;untry. "Di conveyin that will "Tl Bay in tl provision "Th I observe round to sandy, an might be Is sii of 3IcClu by the toi This 11,002 ac of the tow I Land Sun Thel "Th( ponds, swi I and ruggf ! pally timb - " Yoi the thirtet leaves it oi power, for between tl cularly tlii twelfth am cedar and i trout are f lakes of tl VET. at Buckhorn, on lot all tho year round, ly lauiilieH who live ho place to ho >;alle(l vey' and 'Smith,' a antial bridge forms t 40 per cent, fit for may not be properly ill find that, by the ifortablo home, and convey his produce by tho township of Q 1867, by Provin- I contains an area The followinK is, neither hills nor ich is south of the i is nearly parallel I abrupt in places, feet. This ridge » into patches of is well suited for to the latitude, . and maple. No ip. The swampy pruce, from all of fhe cedars, in the ry thrifty growth, :nd lying north of ygood. The ta- )mo of the small growth of under- in places almost think that there Sable River' (the machinery. Tho rth boundary to meandering and nouth, where the I I have observed EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY OJ .1,. .l,.llow„c,« „rth« ,iv., and lake, or n.'orj X'/i^^'l' "" """»"■ »» ""»'"" "' ^ ""'^"^"o squatters in the cownship of Herrick. When travprsin<.tlw>M.> i might be located." ^' ^^^^'^> ^ ^'^^^'^> good hshing stations HERSCHELL Is situated in the county of Hastings. It is bounded on the north by the township ot McClure, on the east by the Hastings road and the township of Monteagle, on the so.uh by the township of Faraday, and on the west by the townships of Cardiff and Plarcourt Th.s township contains an area of 58,405 acres, including water and roads, of wh'ich ".002 acres were subdivided in 1858 by Provincial Land Surveyor Peterson ; the residue 1 ot the township, containing an area of 47,403 acres was subdivided in 1805 bv Provincial iiand iSurveyor A. B. Perry. i The following is an extract from Mr. Perry's report of survey :— "The general aspect of tho township is undulating, considerably broken with ki.-P« ponds, swamps, marshes, and granite hills- the latter in anml jt,o* with lakes, and rugged, and often\ise t'o a considerable hdg^L^"^ ^ pally timbered with white and red pine and hemlock. The pine s Jf rsuper or c u'l r'" ^^X^^'^^^Z'Zr'-lir^' fJ''"" ''' water falls'pe^o'nt ■ f„.„tf."i. -J \-'^'- -»-""'g, ana upon t;uiier sidu of this river from Htv Tin,r t„ ,u„ ^ S? ji£^TS:~"" 'r ^ '"^^ 'Tp '''' -"^ -u^^ii? wit^at trout nr» fn I • '""^^"J^"^^ .niarshy places cranberri. are found. Salmon and sneckled iZ rf"the";owusht " ' '"*'''' *'' ''"'' "' '"° '"""'' '' ^'^ °*"«' P"-'P''' oo KXTUACTS FROM UPPEU CANA1>A UEPOIIT.S Of HUHVBY. riio rooiaininj,' swaiups aro generally tiiuborcJ with ocdar, ash, and tamarac of u Kood qual.ty ; he so. i.s a black loam. The upland i« chiefly timbered with maX beech b.rch, baaswood hem ock, ironwood, and pine, with an occasional rock elm. ^ Save the settlement I. rap.dly lilling up. The acccsn by the lIa,tino.« road, toXr wit the Pe erHon road, a ready market for the surplus produce of the .settler , a^d em M" ent I'or HOWL AND fs .situated on the Manitoulin Island. It i.s bounded on the north ur.d west by the waters of hake Huron, on the east by Sheguiandah ]Jay, and on the sout', by the townships ut bheguiandah and Bidwell. Thi.s township was subdivided into farm lots in 1864, by Provincial Land Surveyor Alexander N.ven, and contains an area of 31,373 acres, including water and roads. The following is an extract from Mr. Niven's report of survey :- " The township of Howland in its central portion consists of a hi-h undulatin- table ;ij;:::.tr;l:e:;!:;-?a;ir'^-^^^^ first terniru'^dtt.f °''" "^ ^/^'^V^'"'"" ""'^ "' ''' ^'""'''^ '"''^ ^^'«°^l'"i=' '« ^l^e base of the in uu Hw' t K ''"'^u"^ ^''°"' ""° ^^ *''" "•'''^«' '^'« ««'• i« "f'^i P"or sandy deserip- t on and he timber i;enerally spruce, balsam, cedar, tamarac and poplar much bloS. '^^, ".r ' "f ""'\l,(i'^''^' J''"! of «wamp existing to the noSlf m e ,"t with ve^r iu ov'nfr''" ""^ rf°r^'"P'."'' ^" '"''' '^ ^' '^'^ ^'^'^^'^^'^ ^ots 25 and 2*;. onkv '..?,! !l*T'." •^""^' ^°' ^^■"''^"i^^t, the greater portion of it being rou-h locky Uud and timbered with cedar, spruce, balsam and red and white pine • the remain der 0 this tract is swampy and covered with cedar, balsam, black ash,rrch,popb^^^^^^ ' Along the south boundary from lot 23, easterly, and a ound Perch Lake some verv .eruliby maSbS ^n'Topt J.'° '"""''^ '' ^"^ ""°"'^ ^"'^ ^"^^^^ ^ '^ ^'-% -^h '"-^y .-nJ an^l 3rd concessions here passes chiefly through swamnv and roeklv kn,! timbered with cedar, .spruce, balsam, poplar, birch, .Vc. There is however on tWs lino a jnece^of tolerably good land, extending from lots i(> to 20, the gJeX'ar? ol'Tt ting " <^>n the 4th and 5th concessions a good tract of hardwood land with fair soil tim Sp^ofiiJitJrJkrfinrr^^ '- '-' '^ ^^ ^G,inter:^tS^t^-a;E; n e maple, used as a .sugar bush ; basswood, ironwood, &c. This tract ly be dercribed as ^ing along the ba.se of the hill crossing this line, varying in width from^20 to 80 chains and extending with an occasional break by a swamp fVom lot 22 to lot 2, and thence run ning southerly to the 3rd concession. Some tolerably good land also occurs on the 11th wbdJall' """""" " Manitowaning road, betweL°lots 0 and 13;;rof'tKLg goodU^in't'f^SSl^'iLHf '^''''•^^^ t'''' ^ ^'^'' particularized all the really fcoou ana in the township, and the remainder 1 may say s swampy and rockv 'Large tracts of this town.ship have been blown down by^wind The most noted Windfalls occurring on the 2nd and 3rd concessions from lot 14 to U 20, north of Perch iVEY. !i, mid tamarac of a d with maplo, beech, rock elm. 8avo the 3soiI, well adapted to this township is well adjoininf; the l)oyk> Of;othcr with the I'e- aud employment lor iidcr this township a EXTRACTS TROM UPI'EE CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. 28 )rtl'. und west by the Jtli hjT the townships Qciul Land Surveyor or and roads. yh unduiatinf"; table ngly marked by bold g to the base of the poor sandy deserip- oplar, niueh blown ill and east. vcon lots i!5 and 2'!, of it being rough, i pine ; the remaiu- i, birch, poplar, &c. sh Lake, some very and clay soil with overcd chiefly with py and rockly land vcr on this line a r part of it being with fair soil, tim- ted occasionally by ict of land in the I chiefly with very lay be described as n 20 to 80 chains, 2, and thence run- )ccurs oa the 11th part of this being zed all the really rocky. The most noted 0, north of Perch I Lake, and along the west, north and oast Imundaries, embracing altogether an area of nearly r),00(( acres, of which largo portions have been burnt over. " With regard to the timber, I may say that on that part of the township designated u'ood land, the timber is chiefly maple, birch, biiaswood, ironwood, &c., and th(> swamps are timbered chiefly with cedar, spruce, tamarao and balsam, while tho rocky land is covoreil with balsam, poplar, white liirch, ito. "A few scattering pines are found here and there through tho swamp", and in tli« M)utli-wcst part of the township along the south boundary, and near llonora liay coiisidor- a'olo red or Norway pine exists, but not sufiBcient for lumbering purposes. In some of tho swamps tho cedar is of excellent growth. " It is to bo remarked that no beech is found in this township. " Numerous small streams are to be found traversing this township, but in tho high lands or central part few arc to bo met with. " Perch Lake having an area of 510 acres, is a fine sheet of water, abounding with perch from which it takes its name, Iiaving a depth of about GO feet on tho south side but rather shallow to the north and east ; the outlet is at the west, a fine creek flftcen inches in depth and 'M links in width, flowing with gentle current to Honora Bay. "As before stated Jlowland is strikingly marked by promontarics and pr«cipitous clift's, running around its west, north and cast boundaries. These cliffs are as a general rule formed of a very good limestone for building purposes, belonging to tho silurian for- mation, and often exhibit for miles together an exposed face of from 20 to 150 feet, the rock having a slight dip to tho south. "Towards the south-east corner of the township occurs leveral mountains of (juartz rock presenting a jagged, uneven surface. " I failed to discover traces of any minerals, indeed tho season of the year during w'aich the survey was carried on was unfavourable to discoveries of this nature. Hnow lying on the ground to the depth of t'rom three to four feet. . " It is to be regretted that the capabilities of this township for settlement arc not of the best description, still there is enough good land to form settlements in parts. A great portion of that designated low land and swamp will make tolerably good farming land when cleared. I should say that not more than 30 per cent of tho entire township is tit for settlement. " With regard to tho Manitowaning lload I have only to say that tho position selected is the best that I could get, and one upon which a good road can be made with very little difficulty. " About 100 acres have been cleared in difl'erent parts of tho township by the Indians, the largest clearing being at Little Current. " Tho inhabitants of Jjittle Current number 52, or nine families; they subsist chiefly by fishing, growing Indian corn and potatoes, and by making maple sugar. " By reference to my plan it will bo observed that T have, as instructed, marked thereon a reservation for a town plot, containing 506 acres. The land is of little import anee in an agricultural point of view, being chiefly of a light Bandy description. The situation, however, is an eligible one for a town, tho harbour being a good one and its position such that all vessels passing east or west along the north shore must pass within a short distance of the dock." HUMPHRY Is bounded on the north by unsurveyed land, on the east by the township of Card- well, on the South by Lakes Kosseau and Joseph and unsurveyed land, and on the west by unsurveyed land. This township was subdivided during 18GG and 1867, by Provincial Land Surveyor Uibb.«, and contains an area of 49,596 acres, including water and roads. The following is an extract from Mr. Oibbs' Report of Survey : — " The township of Humphry embraces an area of 49,590 acres, about 12,496 acres lying under the waters of Lakes Kosseau, Joseph, and sundry others of less size. The two 24 KXTEACT3 IIROM UPI'EB CANADA REPORTS OP HURVEY. first-nnmod extend acrow a oonsiderablo portion of tho south part of the townnhin, and are, in Krcat part environed by hilly banks, with hero and there /.i«h and precipitouVrocic« of K"ciHS, Hycnito, and others of Rranitic and qua.-tzoso character, which kinds prevail pretty Kouoriiliy throughout tho adjacent country. ' ^ ' r ir " T'-'n '"'^f ?' ''!"'""«'','> K"°^ Ji'"' •^'•"kcn in thin n.unner, is finely divtrMlicd, with rolMnK hilJH, and land .n„ro «li«htly undulatin-, covered with a growth of heavy timber ••'.mMstinK o maple, beech, birch, bass, ironwood, hemlock, white pine, and other kinds common to this section of country ; also tamarac, balsam, spruce, cedar, black ash, and aider swamps. Heaver meadows, with an exuberant growth of ^rass (tho "blue joint") eranb. rry mar.shes, and some portions too rocky for cultivation ; the whole interspersed w.tli Jukes and small streams, in tho greater number of which flows clear and limpid " The streams, being inconsiderable in size, do not aftord very permanent privilo-es upon "Oak Creek," which is tho largest stream in tho township, I have no doubt will be found a great convenience for mill purposes to the settlers. Skills and eanoos have ac- cess f..r upwards of about two miles from the mouth of the creek, at low water: and it could be made available lor driving pine logs and timb«r, several miles from J.akellosseau in tlic spring of the year. ' "The lakes and streams abound with Ush, in va. white-fish, pickerel, bass, perch, suckers, &c. ; and the along their banks and in tho adjacent woods, in pu. quent y met; and turrcd animals, such as the beaver, mink and muskrat, although lonw sought after by the Indian trapper, are yet to be found. " " "A portion of the tract of high land situate between the north-westerly bays of Lake Ko,.seau and Lake Joseph, together with a strip of land extending along the easterly boundary line, northward from the I'arry sound road, and along the north boundary nex^ U.0 north-east angle of the township, comprising about 8,00U acres, being much broken with rock affords little inducement for settlement ; but, after making this deduction I be lieve the township generally contains more good land than most others recently surveyed with which I am acquainted The rich loamy soil of the higher land, not rooky i^, well su. od (or agriculture, and wi 1, doubtless, produce excellent crops of th'e difrerent^kindTof roots and cereals adapted to the ehmato, and the low lands produce most luxuriant grass —a great advantage to tho early settler in feeding and raising stock. ^ " During the past season, pease, oats, Indian corn, potatoes, turnip.s, tobacco melons and sundry productions, were cultivated by tho few settlers present, wifh much success bince I left the township 1 have been informed that several respectable families have moved in ; and I be .eve that, with the increased facilities of access, l.y the opTning o the J^arry Sound road and the Nipissing road line, together with the Muskoka like steam navigation through the enterprise of A. P. Cockburn, of Gravenhurst, during the past season, it will be speedily settled." """ufc i»o a )n and speckled trout, . scopo for the sportsman jjame, deer, rabbits, and par- the wolf and the fox, are fre- JONES Is bounded on the north by the township of Robinson, on tho cast by the township of Sherwood, on the south by the township of Eangor, and on the west by the township of Lycll. ^ It was surveyed In 1863 by Provincial Land Surveyor Forrest, and contains 40 OIG acres, including roads and water. ' A line for a road to connect the Opeongo and Hastings roads was also surveyed at the same time by Mr Forrest. The following is an extract from the report of survey: — "The road line is based upon the 12th and 13th concession linea of the townships of i I VEY. I township, and are, )rooipitou,s rocks of inds prevail pretty \y ilivtrnitic'd, with of heavy tiiiibrr, 3, und other kinds X, black ash, und tho "blue joint"), wholo ioterspcrHiMl clear and limpid 'manoiit privilogos ry ol' concesHion H, have no doubt will id canoes have ac- low water; and it roui Jiakellosscau, id speckled trout, for the eportauian , rabbits, and par- 1 the fox, lire frc;- rat, although lonj^ crly bays of Lake iloiig the easterly th boundary, next eing much broken s deduction, I be- recently surveyed, not rooky, is well different kinds of > luxuriant grass, i, tobacco, melons, much success, spectable families I, by the opening the Muakoka lake hurat, during tho EXTIIACT^ FROM UPPER CANAbA REPORTS OV i»VRVV,\\ 9fi .Tones and J/ y the township of y the township of i contains 40,01G 0 surveyed at the the townships of 1 nn> T. r \' '"""'""« ''l° "leviattons shewn on tho Irmr, « very fair road could bo ; w 1 '"'i'' ""'T ''""'"J'nKthe exccdingly rough and hilly .ountry fhrouuh whi. h .! Lrf ' r"'''""1?""'"°"'"'"«^ '"' ^''- -' i>"t'"'«>WM.hi,.of l.y..l,„„.lex. tending to ho I ns ings road l.nc), is unfit for settlement, that i.-, for ikrmin.' operations be t of tough h.l ly country varying from half a tnile to a mile in width, skirt ng tho ievr r..d ptne plains of the .n.modiato valley of tho river Madawi^ska, and separating 'hi . o, he rol ing hardwood uplands of tho middle and southerly portions „f th' township o I v t IS throttgh, or more properly speaking, al.,ng this belt of rough eountry"tharth' tr , posed road rutis to a great extent in tho township of Lyell, atid luuue tho most in porL , objeo ton to that route. Krot.i my own observations, an.l also inlbrn.ution obta n ?^l f r . n Road line, I ain of opinion that a good road available for settlement can bo made thro, d the township of Lyell to the Hastings lino by locating it about two miles sou of the i^ie t r u'.rZTnwrr- 'r' r^"'"" «<;«»''»' a road, connecting it with tho Op ongo lo T through the township of Jones, would bo unfit for settlement f h "u, towns'h n -nrnZ""^'?"!: ^''"'""- ."'"P '''hows with considerable aceunoy tho division of the n k fn?«M r ^ V ^•'":- ''°°'i '"',"'■"• J''"' I''"" '^'"•'•'' "'»y '•" ^'oiid.ToA as generally unfit for settlement consisting of red pino plain.s, with a soil of coarse sand or gravel and l^eky or broken hills of irregular shape, covered with red and white pino, and o'^t "er .'re Jiverse is th?ca"e " " '"' "^"^ ^' ''^""'^ ^''' " '''"''^'y ^""'l ^< ''"^ '" .^-'-'^ »'' ' r\.h InA^r }"'"^''°^,^ lands may bo generally considered fit tor settlement, tho soil boin.^ a h Z^l^T'f''"'"."^'' '" "-V ^^'''' «'"">'• ^'•■'P''^' ''i^«l'' I'-H^w'-J l>'^'-«l>, clm,a"nd quality '^''^''°''^' >"«' ^"h. •■">'l hero and there a white pino of superior growth and i! Wtl'e wJiole township, 15,000 acres are available for settlement. * Ihere arc several lakes in the township, of which Hark Lake is the largest and bv "inVetTnd oX'""/' ?'' '"''' '' ''' ''T''''^ "'' ''^ ^^^^ Madawaska wl" h brm! k nis of excpiun/ji f ""T" "° '° r"^^"' '''y ''''i' '""^ ^'«'''-' ^""' "I'ou" J with various kinds of excellent fash, such as several varieties of trout, black bass, pike, pickerel mask .nong6 and other descriptions, valmible to the settler as 'a material aid^ to suSenJe JhoOttawaandOpeongo road runs through tho north-east corner of this township." KORAH AND AWENGE Are adjoining townships, on tho Uiver St. Mary's. Korah is bounded on the north by the town.ship of I'ennefather ; on the cast by the township of Tarcntorus and Hudson Bay (Jompany's property ; on the south by the town- i-hip of Awenge; and on the west by the township of Trinee. Awenge is bounded on the north by the township of Korah ; on the cast by the towp- slnp of St. Mary; on the south by the river Ste. 3Iaric; und on the west by the township "t I'arkc. They were subdivided in 185!) into sections and quarter sections ; each regular quarter section contains an area of 160 acres. The townships contain respectively, Korah 2li,;i'3(> acres; and Awenge 2,017 acres. The following is an extract from Provincial Land Surveyor James Johnston's report of survey : — " The quality of the land in these townships is generally good. For an avera-e width u a mile along the shore of the Elver Ste. Marie it is low and marshy, tLTlradualy rising, ,t becomes more dry, and is principally a good clay loam for a distance north of ?wo 2fi EXTRACTS TROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. miles. The surface then becomes rolling, the soil a fair sandy loam, and the timber chiefly maple for a distance north of three miles. On this section are several sugar bushes, fre- quented in the spring by the inhabitants of the Kault village. From thence to the north- erly limit of the township it is more or loss broken with ridges of rock, chiefly granite. The timber on a considerable tract in the southerly part of these townships has been destroyed by fire, but it is otherwise well timbered. The timber consists principally of hardwood." JJMERIOK Ts situated in the county of Hastings. It is bounded on the north by the township of Dungannon, on the east by the township of Oashel, on the south by the township of Tudor, and on the west by the Hastiugs free grant road. It contains .')4,lo9 acres, including roads and water, and was partly surveyed in 1867 by Provincial Land Surveyor Quintin John- ston; the residue of the township (40,539 acres) was surveyed in 18G3 by Provincial Land Surveyor MacLeod. The following is an extract from Mr. MacLeod's report of survey : — " I have classified the soil under three heads, viz., good, fair and poor, about one-fifth of the land may be placed under the Ijcad of good, and is well fitted for the purpose ol agriculture; three-tenths may be classed as fair, and is rather indifferent for farming pur- poses, being shallow and rocky ; the remaining half may be put down as poor, being light, sandy and rocky, quite unfit for farming. There are some extensive beaver meadows, from which the settlers and lumberers mow quantities qi' hay, and which with a little cultivation would become excellent meadows. Many of the marshes might also be made productive at a small outlay by draining. " The largest part of the township is covered with hemlock, pine, and cedar ; more of it with mixed timber, such as hemlock, beech and maple ; and the remainder with hard- wood, beech, maple, &c. " Lumbering has been carried on to a considerable extent in the north eastern part of the township, adjoining Egan's river. " There is still, however, a good deal of valuable pine in many parts, particularly about Salmon lake, where I understand Messrs. Gilmour & Co., intend to lumber this year. They have now a large dam at the outlet of Gull lake which raises the water in it and Salmon lake about six feet, to save water for the flushing of rapids on Beaver Creek when running their logs. " The township is well watered with streams and lakes, the largest of them, Salmon lake, covers 1,539 acres, and is a very fine sheet of water. The tributaries of Beaver Creek are beautifully clear and pure, those of the Madawaska are dark colored. The total water area is 2,902 acres. " Generally throughout the township the rock is nrar t iic surface, and principally com- posed of crystalline limestone, dipping on the average say 30° West, strike say N. 20° K. In many parts the strata are considerably broken, but they generally lie pretty evenly. " At the same time my survey was in progress, land was occupied by twelve families, who had possession of 1,135 acres, they had cleared 62 acres and estimated the value ol' their improvements at 81,885. Their crops last year were as good as the average through- out this country. Spring wheat and oats seemed to flourish well, and potatoes were re- markably fine; a few of them had maize and pumpkins; turnips appeared to be a good crop. Large quantities of salmon trout and bass are caught in Salmon lake; deer are also very numerous, and are a great assistance to the settlers. There is also a good deal ol trapping on the lakes and rivers. I have heard of trappers making 8300 in one season by their furs. "Since completing the survey, 1 have heard of more lands being taken up by settlers, near those at present occupied. The route which those in the south eastern part of the township use, for getting in supplies, &o., is by Wadsworth lake and south west diagonally across Tudor to Millbridge, If the road surveyed by Mr Snow last autumn, which I un- I I'lvGr lowei ; I'uiir.se of t I which Fori I 'icorgian ] lumbering, ■ western pe '. of the mate : Kuch a trau i various kii t vicinity of i such as wil i F ( V'EY. d the timbnr chiefly sugar bushes, i'rc- hcnco to the north - chiefly granite, townships has been asists priDoipally of by the township of township of Tudor, res, including roads cyor Quintin John- L8G;J by Provincial loor, about one-fifth 1 for the purpose of nt for farming pur- ,s poor, being light, [iver meadows, Ironi 1 a little cultivation 30 made productive ind cedar ; more of mainder with hard jrth eastern part of !, particularly about ber this year. They 3r in it and Salmon reck when running st of them, Salmon ies of Beaver Creek 1. The total water nd principally com- trikc say N. 20° K. 3 pretty evenly, by twelve families, mated the value of le average through- 1 potatoes were ro- ared to be a good lake; deer are also Iso a good deal ol 90 in one season by aken up by settlers, eastern part of the nth west diagonally tumn, which I un- EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. 27 MATTAWAN dista::;;r^t:ia':ir"°" '''"' ""^^^ ^"' '''"^^" '''-'" --' -'-' ''' -'-^ It is bounded on the north by unsurveyed land and the River Ottawa, on the oast by the Ewer Ottawa, ou the south by the River Mattawan, and on the west y unsurveyed land. •> This township was surveyed in 18G4, by Provincial Land Surveyor Lindsay A. llussell, and contains an area of 51,878 acres, including water and roads. The following is an extract from Mr. Russell's report of survey :- tTweely r ron Ottrr C^umir' 'T' ''« ^^-^-«'"-' ^o which place tht dealofrockrandKrsandt land 1^?"^' H '" ^^^"^^"^^'^ formation, there is a great :n some .asc's on' I'e hi.rf/i^o^f'bett "uali'tV"^ ^""""'^' "" ''' '^^'^ ^' ^^--'^■^' =-' .pr«:: aiJsJrie^hi^mSt^ '''-'' '' '-'' ■-' '-^^-°^^' ^-' r'-> -"'-^, Jeep., .L rjiL'e7"T!,c''slc™r' '"" "' '^''""- ■'""' '"'•?' "°= ™>»-°« » '■"'« lr«mtl,o™tto"e5HM.v T^ """"'•'?'' "'»»',°S '">" Joachim d«™wai,k, „L ;;;r'"i £;~^^r^'"°^^^^^ r.vo^^ower down tL tLoP nrl ?'" '"/"m '^''' °" '^' ""^^'^-^^^ tributaries of th" ursc Tthe Ottawa Lv vet inn h'^rV";''^^'^' ""^^P'^^'^J =^«d ahnost unknown Inch I'Wt Mattawan wnMi th. . 'T^'l ^°'\ '" \"^^" ''"^ '"'"^''"l^*' '^ '-^ trade of vioiDit,ofit.Vrt™«rlr,i 1 "'"'u'' '" ""='■ '"""f"'"'" being iu ll.« I'll : w I 28 EXTRACTS FEOM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. MATTAWAN AND PEMBROKE ROAD. During the year 1863, a survej of a tier of lots on each side of that part of the Mattawan and Pembroke road, lying between the boundary line between the township of Maria and Clara and the mouth of the Mattawan river, was made by P. L. S. Sinclair. The following is an extract from the report of survey : — "The timber is what is usually known as mixed wood; pine, either red or white, pre- dominates, but it has been nearly all burned, from the commencement of the survey to the middle of the second township. This has been a very valuable section in its pine timber, but there is not much remaining that is valuable, within the limits of this survey. There arc not any large streams entering the Ottawa, in the country embraced in this survey. " Its geological features are uninteresting ; it is what is denominated a boulder coun- try, except a belt of fossiliferous limestone crossing to the south of the Ottawa river, at the head of the Seviellier rapids, which gives a small tract of very good land, at and around Bell's farm. " The facilities for settlement along this road are certainly considerable, although the road is far from being what the public interests require, it being the main thoroughfare along the joint frontier of the United Province, which must be the highway for the trans- port of supplies from the east to the lumbering districts along the Upper Ottawa country, as well as for the ingress of settlers to the various sections where arable land may be found," ^ McDOUGALL Is situated in the county of Simcoe. It is bounded on the north liy unsurveyed territory, on the east by unsurveyed territory, on the south by the township of Poleyj .'ud on the west by the Georgian Bay. This township contains an area of about 70,000 acres, of which 43,864 acres (water and roads included) were subdivided in 1866, by Provincial Land Surveyor J. L. P. O'Hanly. The following is an extract from Mr. O'Hanly's report of survey : — " This township has considerable diversity of surface and soil. The surface is gene- rally flat, having few elevations 100 feet above the level of Georgian Bay. Yet it is much broken both by hills and lakes. The hills for the most part are abrupt and precipitous, falling and rising by steps like a terrace, gradual slopes being rare. The land in many places is of the worst kind, being almost destitute of mould or verdure, while in other parts it is well adapted for settlement. " On the accompanying trace I — by different colours, in a general way — indicated the land fit for settlement, as well as the bad land. Not that I would be understood to mean tliut no part of that shewn bad is fit for settlement. I have no doubt but small patches here and there will be found intermixed with it of a very fair quality, and so of the other, as some spots will be found in it very inferior. But for a general and comprehensive classification I think it may bo relied on as pretty accurate, indeed as correct as it is possible to do it without a special inspection. '• The timber consists of birch, maple, pine, hemlock, beech, balsam, ironwood, oak, cedar, basswood, spruce, tamarac, ash, elm, poplar and white birch. This is the order of predominancy. There is a great deal of white pine, but much scattered, and therefore very difficult to fix its limits, except along the valleys of streams and the margins of lakes, and of Parry Sound. Along the latter there is much of inferior quality and atuated growth. It is nowhere to be met with in groves, and not often in clumps, yet there is scarcely a spot without it ; and the country, viewed at a distance, would be probably considered as a vast pinery. Red pine is entirely unknown. BY. KXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. 29 rt of the Mattawan ship of Maria and air. red or white, pre- ' the survey to the in its pine timber, lis survey. There in this survey, ed a boulder coun- e Ottawa river, at and, at and around able, although the main thoroughfare iway for the trans- \T Ottawa country, :allo land may be l\i l>y unsurveyed ship of Foleyj .'nd 5,864 acres (water Surveyor J. ij. P. he surfaee ia gene- y. Yet it ia much )t and precipitous, Che land in many re, while iu other fay — indicated the nderstood to mean ; but small patches nd so of the other, ,nd comprehensive as correct as it is ni, ironwood, oak, 'his is the order of red, and therefore e margins of lakes, lulity auu stuuted limps, yet there is ivould be probably " This township is principally watered by the llivcr Seguin, which caters it from the east by two branches, the northern at lot No. 1, in the 8th concession, flows southerly a distance of about five miles, and the southern branch at lot No. 1, iu the 4th concession, flows westerly a distance of three and a half miles, uniting at lot No. 11, in the 5th con- cession, flows westerly a distance of three miles, makes an acute angle with its last course, flowing south-easterly enters Mill Lake at two miles, then forming the outlet of Mill Lake flows south-westerly one and a half miles into Tarry Sound. " At its mouth is situated the nucleus of the town of Parry Sound, and lumbering establishment of Messrs. J. & W. Beatty & Co. There is a church, a post and customs oflices, a hotel and two stores and several mechanics. There arc about 20 houses, princi- pally occupied by the employees of Messrs. Beatty & Co. " Between the village and foot of Mill Lake there are three rapids, to obviate which there is a very fair portage road. At the foot of Mill Lake there is a fine water privilege and an excellent site for a mill, on which the Messrs. Beatty have erected a dam, and made other improvements to facilitate the descent of saw-logs, and husband the spring's flood I'or the summer's consumption, of which Mill Lake is the reservoir. This chute is about 18 feet high. " Mill Lake, the largest inland lake in the township, is very picturesque with its deep bays, bold blufla and pretty islands. From Mill Lake to the forks there is very little obstruction to the navigation, except in the dry season that it becomes very shallow and unsafe for bark canoes. " From the forks, for about two miles, the north branch is composed of a series of rapids and cataracts, alternating with small basins of still water. The navigation here is wholly impracticable. The scenery is extremely wild and romantic. There arc many water privileges, which are not likely to be useful within a reasonable time, and therefore for the present, at least, absolutely worthless. To obviate this there is a canoe route by Trout Lake, and two smaller ones, and entering the north branch at the head of there rapids. From this to the eastern boundary, the river may be called three narrow, shallow lakes divided by three short rapids, where it crosses at the foot of the Chutes from Mana- tawabi Lake. " The south branch, from the forks to the eastern boundary, has but one small rapid, hut nearly the whole way it is swift and shallow. This stream, as far as I have seen it, is well adapted for the descent of saw-logs and timber. • " There are primarily two conditions essential to the success u' a new settlement. The first is good land, and the second cheap and expeditious access to markets or centres of trade, without both these conditions new settlements cannot flourish, and it is unfor- tunate they seldom go hand in hand. The former to raise abundant crops, and the latter to dispose of them at remunerative prices. I have seen new settlements where the land was of good quality *in a very languishing condition for the want of the other. For without competition the redundant crop is sold at a sacrifice, whilst purchasable necessaries are exorbitantly high. " Though this township has not the first condition in a preeminent degree, yet it has a good deal of land well calculated to recompense industrious labour, and has very supe- rior advantages in the second condition. As a steamer weekly plies between Parry Sound and CoUingwood, and thence by rail to Toronto, so that Parry Sound, in the summer season is in direct communication with all the civilized world. Besides the route is both cheap and expeditious, leaving Parry Sound in the morning and reaching Toronto in the evening, about 180 miles for 04.85 cents. " Such facilities of communication are of vast advantage to tho settler, and cannot fail to give a great impetus to the speedy and successful settlement of this section of the new country, a ^progress, without which, it would not make in another quarter of a century." McKENZIE, FERRIE, CROFT, CHAPMAN, AND RYERSON. These townships are situated some distance to the east of the Georgian Bay, and near the Lake Rosseau and Lake Nipiosing road line. Their outlinea were surveyed during the present year (1867) by Provincial Land Surveyor A. B. Perry. The following are extraots from Mr, Perry's .Report of Survey :— 80 EXTRACTS PROM TTPPER CANADA REPORTS OP BITRVEY. MoKKNZIE. " The land in the south and west parts of this township is hilly and undulating, of a good sandy and clay soil, some parts stony, well timbered with maple, beech, birch, pine and hemlock. ^ '^ The Maganetawan River runs through this township from east to west, along which there is very good land and considerable good pine ; the river affords a large amount of watcr-pcwcr. The northerly part of this township is rocky, timbered with a growth of sm;i!l red pme and spruce. About forty per cent, ot the land in this township is Rood fur agricultural purposes." FERBIE. " This township lies immediately east of the township of McKenzie, and is hilly and undulating, but has some very good land, particularly along the south boundary, south-east ot the Deer river, which runs in a south-westerly direction through the township, and aitords every advantage for lumbering purposes. '• The land in this township is of a sandy and clay soil, timbered principally with maple, birch, ba.'^swood, piue and elm. The north part of this.township is rough and rocky, tim- berei^. with maple, birch, hemlock, pine and balsam. About fifty per cent, of the land in this township is tit for agricultural purposes." CROFT. " This township is situated immediately south of the township of Ferric, and is eons! Oerably broken by the waters of the Maganetawan river, which passes through Ah-Mik lake. The land along the shores of this lake and river in some parts is rouo'h and rocky otherwise of a good quality. The soil is of a rich sandy loam, with clay subsoil, and well timbered, principally with hard wood. Along the north boundary of this township there is a section of good white and red pine. Fully sixty per cent, of the land in this town- ship IS well adapted for agricultural purposes." CHAPMAN. Situated east of the township of Croft,— is hilly and undulating. Along the eastern boundary there is a large tract of good land, well timbered with maple, beech, birch and balsam— clay soil. The westerly portion is well timbered with maple, beech, birch and hemlock— sandy soil. About sixty per cent, of the land in this township is fit for agricul- tural purposes. ° BTEUSON. _ '• This township lies south of the township of Chapman, and is similar to it in regard to timber and soil. About sixty-five per cent, of the land in this township is good for agricultural purposes. To the east of this township and the township of Chapman there appears to be an extensive tract of good hardwood land. The Nipissing road line passes through the north-west corner of this, and also through the township of Chapman; and, when opened, will afford great advantages for settlers in this h ality." MONCK. Is situated in the county of Simcoe. It is bounded on the north by the township of Watt, en the east by the township of Macaulay, on the south by the township of Muskoka and on the west by Muskoka Lake. 3 \ ^EY. id undulating, of a beech, birch, pine I west, along which I a large amount of d with a growth of wnsbip is good fur ie, and is hilly and jundary, south-east tho township, and cipally with maple, gh and rocky, tim- nt. of the land in 81 an ^errie, and is oonsi- s through Ah-Mik rough and rocky, y subsoil, and well his township there land in this towa- Along the eastern beech, birch and , beech, birch and p is fit for agricul- ilar to it in regard nship is good for )f Chapman there ; road line passes if Chapman ; and. 4 I y the township of aship of Muskoka EXTRACTS FROM UPl'EIl CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. It was surveyed in 18G4 by Provincial Land Surveyor W. II. Beanc, and contains area of 29,182 acres, including water and roads. The following is an extract from Mr. Deane's report of survey :— " The Muskoka Colonization Road, made us far as practicable on the eastern boundary ot this township, presents the means of easy access thereto at all seasons of the year, tho. distance from Seven Mills, on Lake Couchiching, being about twonty-four miles. " In order to more fully describe the land, timber and capabilities of the township I have divided it into six sections, on the timber tracing accompanying the returns. ' " Sectioji No. 1 is a narrow belt of tolerably goodland, extending along the shore of Muskoka Lake, from lot No. 10, in the (Jth concession, to the northern limit of the township. The soil is sandy loam, with clay sub-soil in places. Tho granite rock cropping out on the sides and tops of the hills and occasionally on the shore of the lake The timber is composed of maple, beech, hemlock, elm, birch, balsam and some white pine of a superior ([uality. ' " This is the only part of the township in which the pine timber is of any value Jn the other sections it is not at all of a merchantable character. '_' Section No. 2 is much broken by rocks and hills, the land generally being of a very inferior quality, and on the whole affording no attractions to the intendintr settler 1 atehes ot good land, however, are to be met with in tlie valleys, but not to an extent to luerit special remark. The timber is composed of hemlock, pine, maple, birch, beech oedar and balsam. " Section No. 3 is a largo tract of land extending from the Mu.skoka River to the northern boundary of the township, and from tho Muskoka Road to Muskoka Lake. The settlement A this tract, commenced in tho spring of 1861, has progressed steadily to the present time. There may be large tracts of very excellent land found in it, and there is scarcely a lot that does not contain a fair proportion of good land, and free from rock, which is occasionally to le met with on the slopes and summits cf the hills The roil IS sandy loam, with maple, beech, hemlock, birch, ironwood, elm, balsam and some pine and white oak. " Sections No. 4 and 5 are small tracts ot very inferior land, being high, rolling and rocky, and not at all suitable for settlement. The timber is composed of hemlock, maple birch and pine. ^ ' " Section No. G is a small tract of good land on the north bank of the Muskoka hiver. ^The soil being sandy loam, with clay sub-soil, and timber chiefly hardwood. " Every lot on this tract is taken up and more or less improved by actual settlers. " With regard to the capabilities of the township in an agricultural point of view ] have much pleasure in being able to state that tho crops of wheat, oats, corn peas potatoes and turnips grown by the settlers in the year 1863, I have not seen surpassed in the most favored parts of the country. '' There is only one lake worthy of notice in the township, it is situate on the 8th and iJth concessions, and contains about four hundred acres. The water is clear and abounds with excellent fish. "Muskoka Lake, being dotted with numerous islands, presents many charmin" views and during the season of navigation it is much resorted to by tourists and sportsmen. It abounds with fish — salmon-trout and bass being the moat valuable, " Deer and fur-bearing animals are numerous in this section of the country, and are taken ai the proper seasons by Indians and others engaged in the trade." MONMOUTH, In the County of Peterborough, is bounded on the north by the township of Dudle" • on the east by the township of Cardiff; on the south by the township of Anstruther, and on the west by the township of Glamorgan. This township contains an area of 57,70^ acres, including water and roads, and was surveyed by Provincial Land Surveyor Fita. gerald, in 1862 and 1863. 82 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. The following is an extract from his report of survey of tho western portion of tb^ township in 1863 : — " Tho country alonf; the boundary from lot No. 15 to tho lake, which eommcnoea on lot No. 22, presents a favorable appearance, for, with the exception of an occasional swamp, the land is almost exclusively covered with hardwood timber, tho surface gently undulates, and the soil is deep and of a rich loamy nature. Side lino between lots 20 and 21 com- mences in a swamp, which continues along the line for one-quarter of a mile ; tho line then enters a fine tract of land, gently undulating, and covered with maple, beech, basswood, and largo hemlock. The line runs through a country presenting the same features, to the uiiddlo of concession <), and on concession line 2-3, tho land is of the same undulating character from lot 16 to lot 25. On concession line 4-5 tho land is broken and rocky west- ward of lot 20, but eastward to lot 25 the hardwood tract still continues. About the middle of concession 6, side line 20-21 crosses Burnt river, the south shore of which is steep and rocky, tho north shore is low and level for a short distance, and beyond, the land is high and rolling. " In the 7th concession the line crosses a large tributary of Burnt river called Otter creek. In the 8th concession tho land improves again, and from this concession to the north boundary is a fine tract of land covered with maple, beech, basswood, and elm of a very large growth, this tract extends from lot 10 to lot 25 in all the concessions from tho 8th northwards. The soil in this section is of excellent quality, of a dark colour, great depth, and very free from stone ; in some places granite boulders appear at and above tho surface, but rocks are not prevalent in this locality except in some hardwood ledges which occasionally traverse the country. " It is remarkable that in many places partial windfalls occur, although the soil through- out this tract is of great depth. The timber here is of large size, maple, beech, elm, and basswood predominating, pine being rarely met with. The surface of the country is un- dulating, but in some places rather hilly, the country is well watered by large streams and interspersed with swamps of cedar, black ash, and spruce ; beaver ponds are frequently met with ; beaver, otter, and mink aro very plentiful, and deer are also in abundance. There is a large lake, called by the hunters Otter Lake, towar -t the north of this township ; it is of a long, narrow shape, and the shores, in most places, rise abruptly from the water's edge — in some instances in almost perpendicular escarpments, the waters from it flow into Burnt river by a large stream, called Otter Creek. In the vicinity of this lake is an excellent tract of farming land, the soil being of the most fertile nature, composed of a dark, rich, sandy loam; it is everywhere of great depth, and generally rests on a substratum of gravel or coarse sand. Large, healthy elm is very abundant iu this section, and the other tim- bers also grow to a great size. " Along concession line 14-15 the land presents the same favorable aspect, as far a.s lot 9, where it becomes more broken and rocky. " On lots 9 and 10 is a small lake, through which a largo creek flows in a northerly direction ; and at tho south of the lake where this stream flows in there is a very good site for a mill — a fall of from 12 to 14 feet could easily be obtained, and the situation is in every way admirably adapted for the erection of a mill. There is some good pine in the neigh- bourhood, not in great abundance, but in suflSeient quantity to supply all the wants of a settlement. The land from lot 9 to lot 4 is rather broken and stony, and on side line 5-6 is very much broken — to the north boundary it being nearly all windfall. "Along the west boundary, from concession 15 southwards to concession 11, is a tract of good hardwood land, which extends eastward in some places as far as lot 6 ; the soil here is very fair, and the surface undulating. " Between this and the large tract of good land to the east there is a rough, granite vein, covered with hemlock, pine, birch, and balsam. In concession 10, side line 5-6 enters a very broken country, which continues to the south boundary ; this tract is traversed by rocky ridges, and interspersed with cedar and spruce swamps — the timber is email and stunted, hemlock- T>ine- birch- balsam and maple iredominatino'i The pine in seme places is of considerable size. On concession 6, side line 5-6 crosses Burnt river a little to the eastward of a high fall, and further south the line passes within a few feet of another fall, where the waters rush over an almost unbroken descent of between 20 and 30 feet. The river here is very large, averaging about 80 feet in width ; between the falls the current is rapid, and the banks are steep and rocky. Pine is abundant in the neighborhood. The try. EXTACTS FROM UPPER CANADA BEPORTS OP SURVEY. 18 orn portioa of thq hich commenoea on n occasional swamp, 30 gently undulates, ots 20 and 21 coni- milc ; tho line then c, beech, basswood, imc features, to the 10 same undulating ken and rocky west- About the middle which is steep and id, tho land is hic;h t river called Otter 3 concession to the wood, and elm of a )ncessiong from the dark colour, great ir at and above the [wood ledges which gh the soil through- le, beech, elm, and tho country is un- ' large streams and are frequently met ibundance. There his township ; it is m the water's edge Q it flow into Burnt ike is an excellent ied of a dark, rich, ibstratum of gravel and the other tim- )le aspect, as far as ows in a northerly is a very good site ituation is in every pine in the neigh- ' all the wants of a id on side line 5-6 1. ission 11, is a tract lot 6 J the soil here is a rough, granite 10, side lino 5-6 is tract is traversed imber is small and ine in seme places iver a little to the eet of another fall, and 30 feet. The falls the current is Ighborhood. The land continues rough and broken, and on concession lino 4-5 this rocky tract extends cast- wards as far as lot 18. Swamps and beaver ponds aro thickly intersperseJ over the coun- try, and the soil is very light; indeed, in that section lying between lot 11 and tho west boundary, the flat rock is within a few inches of the surface, and in some places visible. With the exception of this rough tract to tho south-west, the land in this township is well adapted for settlement, a greater portion of the area being one unbroken tract of hardwood land, through which the soil is rich and fertile. The country is well watered by lakes and large streams, and tlicre arc numerous mill privileges on liurnt river and its tributaries, I'inc is in sufiicient quantity to supply all the Tl^anis of the settlers, and large healthy elm is very abundant throughout the township." NEE-BING AND PAI-POONGE Are adjoining townships, situated to the west of Thunder Bay, Lake Superior. They are bounded on the north, south, and west by lands as yet unsurvcyed ; the Indian reserve and Hudson Bay Company's post arc on the east. They were surveyed in 1860 by P. L. S. Herrick, and contain respectively :— Nee* IJing, 19,781 acres of land : Pai-Poonge, 43,840 acres of land. The Kaministiqua river flows through both townships. The following is an extract from Mr Ilerrick's report of survey : — " The townships of Nee-Bing and Pai-Poonge are bounded on the south by high ranges of trap rocks, rising in perpendicular precipices some hundred feet high on their north sides, the most prominent point of which, — McKay's mountain — reaches an elevation of 1,000 feet. Tho summits of these mountains are in general covered with white and red pine, while on the sides may be seen a thick growth of birch, poplar, and spruce, and in a few spots sugar maple. At the base of these mountains we get into a comparatively level plain, forming the valley of the Kaministiqua river, and at an average elevation of 30 or 40 feet above the level of the river. The soil in this valley consists in general of a reddish, clayey loam, well adapted for cultivation, and producing a good growth of poplar, spruce, balsam, birch, with an undergrowth of hazel-nut, cherry, &c. In some places also, white and red pine of good quality, though not in any great abundance, are met with. "Between the long windings of the river, the lower part of which is exceedingly tor- tuous in its course, are flats of rich, dark alluvial deposit, rising 6 or 8 feet above the level ofthe river, and giving growth to large elm, ash, balm of gilead, &c., with an undergrowth of wild hops and flowering plants of various descriptions. " On the north as well as on the south bank of the river, rising from these flits, aro banks of red clay, gravel, or sand, 50 to 80 feet in height. "The land, for a short distance from the north side of the river, is in general pretty }^ood, and covered with poplar, spruce, birch, balsam, &c. However, proceeding further uorth from the river in Nee-Bing, the land in general becomes wet, and the prevailing timber is tamarack and spruce ; while in Pai-Poonge, most of the country north of the river for some distance, presents a dry, sandy appearance. "Along the northern boundary of both townships the soil again improves, and con- tinues to do so, until the range of granite and trap rocks bounding Thunder Bay on the north and ranging towards the south-west is again met with. "Tho country on both sides ofthe river is well watered by numerous creeks, att'ording excellent mill sites. Slate river flows with rapid current between high banks of dark ar- gillaceous slate, lying in horizontal lay^-^rs, and containing limestone in interlying masses, as well as in large rounded nodules. This slate in some places is of good quality, present- ing a hard, compact appearance, while in other places it is soft, and decomposed readily— nearly pure alum being found on the surface in considerable quantity. -This formation of dark slate, intersected in places by dykes of trap, is found all through the southern portion of Pai-Poonge. " On the north side of the river are also several creeks or small rivers, very rapid in their course, and supplying easily available water power to any extent. The rocks on the 34 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANAUA REPORTS OP SURVEY. north sido of the river arc chiefly of slaty trap, with layers of red jasper, and intcraectcd by veins ot quartz, with traces of lead and copper ores. At the Parcsseux rapid-, a vein appears about three feet in width, chiefly of fluor spar, with particles of lead and copper ores. A siuall deep river flows through the north of Nee-Binp, about one chain iu widtii, and navigable for small boat or canoe for about iS miles from its mouth. " Further up this river, in the north-west co"rncr of Nec-Uing, are falls CO to 40 feet in height. Here appears a vein running nearly east and west, 12 to 15 feet wide, chiefly ol white calc spar, and containing a considerable quantity of the ores of lead and zinc. "The only impediment to navigation of the river Kaministiqua by lake steamers ecn- sists of a bar ot soft mud or sand, a couple of hundred feet wide, at the mouth of the river • over this bar in the channel there is about five feet of water. This trifling diflScuUy over! come, the river is navigable for good sized steamers to Point do Meuron, or about 11 milos irom the mouth— there being an average width of about 5 chains, with a depth of from S to 10 leet. ^ " While coasting along Thunder Bay, I had a good opportunity of examining the north .shore ol the Bay with reference to harbors, and found that at J.ambcrt Island to be the only one worth notice. " This bay, sheltered completely by Lambert Island, ibrmcd a beautiful harbor, about lialt a mile wide by three quarters of a mile deep— the water varying from two to six fa- thoms in depth. 'I'lic island which protects it on the south is divided from the main land by a channel a few feet in width, and aftbrds on its inner side a secure anchora-'e alon-'side ot the island, which rises from ten to twenty feet in perpendicular basaltic columns 'from the water. "As far as my own experience goes, the climate at Fort William iu winter is not more severe than that in the neighbourhood of IMontreal." PALMIilR Is situated north of Batchewauung B.ay, on the uortli shore of Lake Superior. It is bounded on the north and east by unsurveyed territory, on the south by the township of Fisher, and on thj west by the township of Ryan. This township was subdivided into sections and quarter sections in 18G5 by Provincial Land Surveyor G. B. Kirkpatrick. Each regular quarter section contains an area of 160 acres. The township of Palmer contains an area of 18,984 acres of land, of which 3,714 acres had been previously surveyed and patented as mining locations. The following is an extract from Mr. Kirkpatrick's report of survey :— "The surface of the township is hilly, and in some places rocky. Many of the hills however, though attaining a considerable height, have a very gradual ascent, and aie deeply covered with soil, which throughout the township is sandy loam. Many beaver ponds occur which drown much good land, but as they are capable of being drained I have not deducted the areas. The township is well watered, the Batchewanung Rive.- flowing through the south-east portion of it, Carp River through the centre of it, and the feable River through the western portion of the township, besides numbers of smaller St eams tributary to these rivers. Many mill sites may be found on these rivers. Three fal .s of about twenty feet each occur on tlic Batchewauung River, and there are several mill sites on every section through which the other rivers flow kin,iri'^'n *'"'''? '''['I'/T-.'^'-'P '? """'^'^ hardwood, maple and birch being the chief kinds in the western half, while in the eastern portion the timber is more mixed, consist- ng of maple, birch, balsam, spruce, cedar, ironwood, and a few ivhite pine hero and there The hxed rocks are cither greenstone or trap. Traces of iron were tbund by the survey party m many parts of the township, but owing to the greater portion of it being surveyed while the snow was on the ground I could not make much seafch for minerals Iron ore r, anil intersected )ux rapids, a vein f lead and copper 0 chain In widtii, alls SO to 40 foot (ect wide, cliicfly jad and zinc, lice steamers mn- jutli of tlie river; p; ditBculty over- or about 11 miles 1 depth of from S mining the north ; Island to be the iful harbor, about om two to six I'a- ini the main land horagc alongside tic columns from in winter is not BXTRACT3 PROM UPPBB CANADA REPORTS OP SURVET. 85 Superior. 10 south by tlio iG5 by Provincial of which 3,714 f. Many of the dual ascent, and I. Many beaver being drained I hewanung Ilivti- ro of it, and the abers of smaller ) rivers. Three here are several . being the chief 3 mixed, consist- ! here and there, d by the .survey ; being surveyed erals. Iron ore IS largely developed on the northern boundary of the township, and also to the north of the township, and traces of copper were found by me in the hills to the north of the luke on tho south loundary. On section 31, and the adjoining mining location, aniydaloidal trap IS tho prevailing rock. The mining locations of J. I'. Mansfield and others being in this township, tho fact of their being opened up at the present time, must give a stimulus to the settlement of this portion of the country, as supplying a cash market to tho settler at his own doors, an advantage which many older sections of the country are without. I consider t!iat about two-thirds of this township are fit for settlement, there being much good land on every section." RAGLAN Is situated in the County of Renfrew. It is bounded on the north by the townships of RadcliflFe and Bangor, on the east by the townships of Urudenoll and Lyndoch, on the south by the township of Ashby, and on the west by the townships of Mayo and Carlow. This township was surveyed in 1867 by Provincial Land Surveyor Joseph Doupe, and contains an area of 69,212 acres, including water and roads. The following is an extract from Mr. Doupe's report of survey:— " It will be seen by the plan that the side lines 25 and 20, and 30 and 31, were run no further south than the line between the 2nd and 3rd concessions. The land in the un- finished portion is exceedingly rough, consisting chiefly of high, steep, rocky ridges, and IS totally unfit for settlement. " The geological features of this township exhibit but litlle diversity of appearance, and are not deserving of particular notice. " The rocks belong to the Laurentian formation, and consist for the most part of gneiss. In several places there are extensive exposures of white crystalline limestone, which produces a fair quality of lime, and may yet become of some importance to settlers. Xo indications of valuable minerals were met with, and no specimens were collected. " This township is well watered by streams and lakes, which abound in many kinds of tish. There arc but two lakes of any considerable extent, the largest being about a mile and a quarter in length and over hajj a mile in width. Beaver meadows and ponds are to be found in nearly all parts of the township. "The^township is drained by the Madawaska river, and tho York and Mississippi branches of the same. The current of these rivers is, except at a few places, very slow. " On lot No. 6 in the Gth concession the Mississippi branch passes through a narrow channel or chute, with a fall of b or 6 feet, and affords a mill site which, at a small cost, can be made available. On lots Nos. 18, 19 and 20, in the 19th concession, is situated what is known as the ' Palmer ' rapids. A very good mill site, with an ample supply of water, is hero afforded ; and also the most eligible site for a bridge, across the Madawaska, that is to be found in the township. I was informed that Mr. McLaughlin, who occupies the adjoining clearing and owns extensive lumber limits in Raglan and Radcliffe, proposes soon erecting mills at this place, and opening a road, northerly, to the ' Peterson Road.' " Along the York and Mississippi branches extends a marsh, varying in width from a few yards to half a mile or more, on which considerable quantities of marsh grass are an- nually cut for the use of the lumbering firms and settlers. This tract, when overflown in spring, presents the appearance of a large lake ten or twelve miles in length. " The land in Raglan is undulating, or rolling, and in many places broken by swamps of cedar, spruce and tamarac, and by steep rocky ridges, short and very irregular, and not inclined to any general course. The prevailing timber on those rough portions, and also along the Madawaska river, is pine, the best of which— through lumbering operations, car- ried ou for 20 years or upwards— has been removed, though a considerable" quantity of valuable timber still remains. " In several places, once covered by beautiful groves of valuable pine, the fire has made a clean sweep of all vegetation, or left only the dry trunks of trees. o ;Ui EXTRACTS FKOM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. " Throughout the township, except in the marshes and swamps, the soil partaiies of a sandy charaetcr, bein^' in many places a deep rich sandy loam, which yields, where clearings have l);;en made, wheat, oats, corn, grass, and cereals of a very superior character l)oth in respect of quality and ((uantity. In other portions it is more sandy, especially the level land along the Madawaska llivor, uad many other places vhoro pine is the prevailing timber, the land may bo classed as spcond rate. '' Where the land is good the prevailing timber is beech, maple, and basswood. The land in those portions covered by hardwood (as shown upon the timber map), is witli some few exceptions favorable for agricultural purposes. In these exceptional places it becomes rough and rocky, and the timber is usually maple, birch, beech, hemlock, pine, balsam, oak, ironwood, elm, &c. In I'lo remaining portions of the township good land is only to bo obtained in small patches, widely separated by spaces of rocky land and swamps. " The clearing occupied by the lumbering firm of 3Iessrs. Ililliard & Dixor., was the first one begun in the township. It has been occupied 24 years, and contains in llaglan, 1^5 acres of very good land. A portion lies in the adjoining township of Carlow. The second is the ' Palmer Farm,' on the Madawaska, o'^eupied by Mr. McLaughlin of Arnprior, contains 130 acres of excellent land, and was begun 19 years ago. Six miles further down the Madawaska, in the I3th concession, Mr. Patrick Maddigan has resided for K) years, lie has now a clearing of 83 acres of ii.st class land, has a very good log house of flatted timber, and at the time of the survey was preparing timber for a largo barn. " There are thirteen clearings and eight resident occupants in the township. A ready sale and good prices are obtained at the lumbering establishraei.'s for all the produce the settlers have to spare." RVAN On the north shore of Lake Superior, is bounded on the north by unsurveycd territory, on the cast by the township of Palmer and thi. Uatchewauung Mining Company's locations, on the south by the township of Herriek and Pancake JJay, and on the wet t by the iMontreal Mining Company's locations at and near Cape Mamainse, and by unsurveycd territory. This township was subdivided into sections and quarter-sections in 1866 by Pro- viueiul Land Surveyors Hugh Wilson and John Joseph McGee. Each regular quarter section contains an area of 100 acres. The township of llyan contains an area of 19,153 acres of land. The following is an extract from the report of survey :— " In sections from 1 to 10 inclusive, although intersected by a few high ridges, the valleys are extensive and rich, with fine sandy loam soil, covered mostly with maple and birch of healthy appearance and good quality. " In sections from 11 to 16, and the north halves of sections 21, 22, 23 and 24, the land is rough and broken by high ranges of rock. On the tops and down the slopes of the ridgts, which arc very steep, there is no great depth of soil ; but the valleys, though not extensive, are rich, having a fine sandy loam soil. Maple and birch predominate, and of a good healthy growth. " In sections 12 and 13 there is a lake whose waters How eastwards into the Carp River through the township of Palmer. This lake is very deep, even at its banks, and clear; and, though in midsummer, its waters arc perfectly cool. It, as well as the smaller lakes throughout the township, abound with speckled trout. We have often, in an hour, hooked over twenty of those beautiful fish. " Along the western side of the lake the shore is bold and precipitous, and in many p!acp,H, particularly towards the north-west, is almost perpendicular, rising to the height of 300 feet, while the land gently ascends from the water on the east side, excepting a very steep ndge or bluff at the intersection of sections 12 and 13, on the east boundary, the occhvity of which, however, begins at several chains from the lake. 0 soil partakes of ch yields, where uperior character .sandy, especially here pine is the , and basswood. )er map), is with ptional places it I, hemlock, pine, 9hip good land i^ and and nwamps. t Dixori, was the 1 tains in Raglan, of Carlow. The McLaughlin o( ago. Six inile.s igan has resided 1 very good log nber for a large Dship. A ready the produce the by un.surveycd iuiug Company's d on the wet t by id by unsurvcyed in 18t)6 by Pro- high ridges, the EXTKAOTH KUQJM UPVEK I'ANADA RKl'ORT.'^ OK HltBVEY. 87 I "Inscotions 17, 1!>, 120, 'J!» and ;U) the land is exceedingly rough and broken by deep rav.nes and high ridges composed oi" coarse conglomerate, porphyritic and amygdaloidal (rap, having a north and south strike, a disposition which pervades the geological Ibrniation all through this section, and extending into the Montreal Mining Company's locations. The soil is iandy loam, and in many places may bo said to bo breccia, covered with a light coating of sandy loam. Th.> timber is inferior, and composed principally of spruce, t;ima- rao and birch, although there arc some piitehcs covered with maple and birch of healthy growth. "The remaining sect ions, and those fronting on I'ancako Hay, are superior to any other. The absence of rook and hills of any extent, excepting a few spurs running in from the ranges to the north, combined with the improvement in the quality, richness and depth of the soil, being sandy loam on a still richer mould, makes these sections the most important district of the township. Tho tracts of hardwood are extensive, though there is much mixed timber through them, and well watered by Pancake River, iSablo (!rcek, and their affluents, which are abundantly supplied with' water, oven iu the height of summer. " There are tracts of pine along tho valley of tho Pancake River, especially near the north boundary, and at the mouth of tho river in front of sections V and C ; through part of sections 22, 23 and 26 there is a tract of pine of medium size, all of which is valuable for saw logs and small spars. " Tho Pancake River is of »iaramouut importance to this section of the country. flows out of a V;rgo lake northwards and traverses tho west half of the township and pa of the Montreal Mining Company's locations. It ha.s a gentlo current, with an exceeding' It rt . , ,, , _ - K'y tortuous course, and its banks are in many places high, but generally low and inclined to a small angle, in which case good loamy soil stretches down to the waters edge ; its average width is_ perhaps about fifty links from its mouth to where it ero.s.sos tlic north boundary, and having a depth of from 5 to << I'cet, with a gravelly bottom. " There are several excellent mill privileges on tlie river. The most important of which is one at about twenty chains from its mouth, having a fall ol' nearly eight feet. The river is deep and current sluggish between tho falls and its embouchure on Pancake Bay. " This Bay contains one of tho finest harbors on the north shore of Lake yupcrior, being well sheltered on the west, north and cast by Point Mamainsc, township of Ryan, and Point Corbcau. There is a good anchorage on stitt' clay bottom. " In conclusion, we beg tu remark, it is our opinion too much attention cannot bo paid to this section of the north shore of Lake Superior. The Montreal Mining Com- pany's locations on the west, and the Batchcwanung Company's on tho east, having this tract of good land between, will actuate many to settle here. Kvcn in our own survey party, there were four young men only waiting for tho approaching spring to enable them to carry up provisions and commence farming." ', 23 and 24, the | i )wn the slopes of ! valleys, though redominatc, and is into the Carp it its banks, and ill as the smaller 'ten, in an hour, 1 >us, and in many to the height of ! excepting a very t boundary, the SHEGUIANDAH Is situated on tho Manitoulin Island. It is bounded on the north by the township of Howland and Sheguiandah Bay, on the east by Manitowaning Bay, on the south by the township of Assiginack, and on the west by the township of Bidwell. This township was surveyed iu 1864 by Provincial Land Surveyor George McPhil- lips, and contains an area of 31,624 acres, including water and roads. Tho following is an extract from Mr. McPhillips' report of survey :— "The timber is so mixed that one n.an hardly tel! what order to put it in. Cedar, maple, ironwood, &e., all mixed up together ; hardwood and swamp, sometimes in such small patches that I could not mark them on the plan. When the swamps are largo, I have marked trees resembling cedar or balsam, and when there are none, the swamps are very small or otherwise mixed with hardwood, and the land of middling quality. Somo 38 BXIRACTi VBOH UPPER CANADA REPORTS Of SURVEY. 0 ti 0 undfulls wore ong,nalIv hardwood, but tlio vounR timber Krowing up now m poplar, b.rul,, tamanjo and Hprucc. fho Hoil in somo of tlimn wuh al«o prnd, but bein« so often run ovor by Ore, the jjood Roil is burned off. Tho soil is of different qualities, varvinu' Iron, rieh clay and loam to Hand, Kravol and rock, tho rich olay land is Unorally on th. •slopes and in tho valleys, till within ten or twelve chains of the coa.st, when it chanees U, satul or gravel ; sometimes the K'ood land will oomo nearer to the coast. The rocks Kcne- nilly appear on the top of the slopes, back from tho odgo of which tho soil is very shallow for t.-M or twelve chains, with a girdle of small ntunfod h.'.rdwood running in tho same diiection as tho edj;c of the rock. Hack on tho table land tho soil is weiKhty clay, with a c ose, retentive subsoil, which will not admit of tho water to pass through, causinit Jwamps and swales ; tho worst swamps I met were on tho table .ands. ^ ^ »l,nr" V • ""'I«'""'l.'" Kcnoral would bo bettor for pasture than Ibr cultivation, but where there is good soil it is productive, even with tho poor cultivation the In.lians give . he t)th and 7th concession lino runs through tho highest part in the township; the and alls north and south from it. Tho little lake that this concession line cn,s,^,!s and wh ch I have named Tiuo Lake, has a good deal of good pine timber around it, particularly 1 t";.rrV "''•'•"'"'■• l^' «°"'»S«h'>'''. up tl.e lake, is very rocky. LiLestone, iJ great masses, often appears in front, and sometimes in thin layers, and shale. Around T 1 ' I "l M ''u "''"' ^'^^ '''. ""}"'',' '"^""'P' "'"^ """y P"*^"- '""'I- The stream from lVomB';l^kV 7 *.T"'""?l^r^''' '"«''''" ^^^ '"""^liiP. °«ept the short one Jrom I5ass j,ako into bheguiandah Bay. " The part [ left for a town plot contains some good land, a good deal of rock and sTnnnJ*;rf '"'"'' Vf ''? "}'^ '''"'^°,« "'' *'^° ^°'^''^°«' '"^ '"'^'''^ ^i'^ bouldcrs and small stones tha we could not plant a picket in it. It is the bestsituation for a town or vilhu. ■ LakTtoTho^ba P""'«ges on the stream. I think thoro could bo throe from Bass " ^ ™"'^ °"* gi^o fJie number of acres cleared by the Indians with any de<^rce of accuracy as they are so irregular; therefore I have only noted them where my lintQ cro«s SLf in M r"^ "?^ 'P°'™'"' ?.^ """"^ with mo, as I did not observe anything riSUserl'Tin'Sild.'""" '""'"'^ '''' "''^^ quartz, and they are tlfo onl'y ST. MARY Situated on the River St. Mary's, is bounded on the north by tho township of Taren- torus, on the east by lands as yet unsurveyed, on the south by tho river Ste. Mano, and on the west by the Hudson Bay Company's property. It was subdivided in 1859 into sections and quarter sections by Provincial Land Sur veyor A. P. Salter. The township of St. Mary's contains 856 acres of land. The follow- ing is an extract from the report of survey :— ^WTTn!l4~'S°'°''''^°°'^'^^"«'?.''^'^''" ''§•'*' ''°<^^^° timber entirely destroyed. ^^ bLCTioN 4.— The same remark applies to this section. ber buniT^^^^ 6.— Good soil, covered with a thick second growth of timber, original tim- Marie^nTwnf~^*'°'^'°''' * °''"°'^ "'^'^ °^ *™^^'' °" ^^^ margin of the river Ste. "Section 10.— This section precisely similar in character to section 9." TARENTORUS Situated north of the river St. Marr's, is bounded on the north by the township of Aweres,on the east by unsurveyed lands, on the south by the township of St. Mary's, and on the west by the townsUp of Korah. this p now 'm poplar, buiii>{ so often unlitics, varyiuf,' ;onorally on tlic 1)11 it changes to rhe rocLs f;eno- ii» very rihnllow ';^ in rlu) Muino i^f'ty clay, witli cauHinj? svruiups cultivation, but he Indians •/wis > town.iliip; thi! ino ui'osse.s, uiid lit, particularly Limositonc, in shalo. Around he stream i'roin the short ou(i lai of rock and ildcr.s and !>mall town or villuj;.', hroe I'roni Ijusm 1 any defjrec of ) niy lines cross servo anything ey are the only Qship of Taren- Mario, and on icial Land Sur- 1. The tbllow- rely destroyed, r, original tim- ' the river Sto. be township of It. Mary's, and ■XTKACTK IROM rPPBR CANADA REPORTS op SURVEV. 49 It was subdivided in 1851> into seotions and quarter Hcotions. Kuch regular <(Uart.T nection contains an area of KiO acres. The township of Tarentoru;* contains 13,988 acres of land. The following is an extract from I'rovinci.il Land Surveyor A. P. Halter's report of survey: — "With the exception of tlio northerly and north easterly sections of Tarcnforus, the wliolc township IS fit for settlement; a few of the centre sections are rather low, but arc .susceptible of drainage. The ."oil is cither sandy loam, black mould, or red clay, tho .-ub- soil, red or white clay. "A serious drawback to tho sottlumcnt of this township will, 1 foar, bo found in tli.' scarcity of timber, a very considerable portion of it having been overrun by fire, and in some sections tho surface soil has been completely burnt off, being of a peaty nature. This IS to bo regretted, as the soil is generally of good character, and affords a good opening to intending settlers. "Tiie surface on tho westerly aide of this township is somewhat broken by ravines, wliic 1, however, offer no serious obstacle to its settlement. Numerous small rivulets of excellent spring water cross tho country, a great desideratum to an agriculturalist." TEHKUMMAH On the Manitoulin Lslaud, is bounded on tho north by tho township of Sandfield, on tho east by tho township of Assiginjul, the south by the waters of Lake Ilui , and South Bay, and on the west by ' vbyed land. This township contains an area, including land and water, of 33,795 acres, of which 18,288 acres were subdivided in 1806 by Provincial Land Surveyor G. IJ. Abrey. The following is an extract from Mr.Abrey's report of survey : — " In referring to th eligibility of the township for settlement, I may confine myself to the part that I have subdivided (I believe scarcely an acre of the undivided portion is capable of culti- ,j. The soil iu general is rather sandy, or olayey loam, tho former predominatinj; i. uurdwood ridges, and the latter in tho more swampy parts. In no case is the vegetable part of great depth, and except in the swamps, the mck is comparatively close to tho surface ; also, where tho fires have prevailed, nearly every trace oi' vegetable matter has been burned out of the soil. The north-easterly four thousand acres comprises nearly the whole of that part, that may be called well watered. " In more particularly describing tbat portion suitable for sett cment, I may say the following IS a fair approximation : Concession B contains lots 31 to 17 inclusive— excluding ;i part of the latter— 1,520 acres ; Concession A contains lots ;j;{ to IJ inclusive, 1,877 acres. Concessions one and two, all to the westerly limit of the valley of the river (the outlet of Lake Manitou), except a strip of rock intersecting the town line at the north- westerly angle of lot No. 10, and near the line dividing lots Nos. 14 and 1.0. Thence running south westerly, following the easterly limit of the valley of the river, and inter- secting tho 'ine between concessions two and three at the south westerly angles of lots If. and 19, say 1,900 acres fit for agricultural puri-oses. Concessions three and four, from concession B to the rockridge intersecting the concession line belwee » concessions 2 and 3 at the north-westerly angle of lot No. 16, and concession line bet^veen 4 and 5 at near the centre of^lot No. 19, say 1,400 acres. Concession 5 contains lots 11 to 18, inclusive, SOO atari's OonceFsion *• contrans lots 11 to 15 inclusive, 500 acres. Coucessiou 5 contains also lot I and parts of lots 2 and 3, say 200 acres. Concession G also contains lots 1 to 5 inclusive, say 500 acres. Concession 7 contains lots 5, 4, 3, 2, and part of lot 1, say 450 acres, making, in all, a total area of 9,150 acres fit for cultivation. Over a large portion of this area the timber— composed chiefly of cedar, spruce, tamarac and balsam, with patches 40 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. Of hardwood scattered over here and there-is killed and fallen, or partially fallen and IVCd anXedt Slinf ^ '''''' ''''' '' '' ^°^^"^ -™ ''' ^^ -'^^ ^' excc7tTtomTAZ/ "'' *T''''P 'l'° "'^'"'''^^'^ ^°^ agricultural purposes, and exccpiirom 3,000 to 4,000 acres lu the north-westerly corner of the township wh ch is covered with some p.ne, and may at some time be rendered available, canno be 2Zed o for any purpose whatever The whole south shore of the townsh p, bordering on Lak Ion in^ rl"w.K^'"1l" '^T''''' °'" '^ '°"P'° "f '^''^''' ''' ^ ^'"ooth^iimestone rock, up polling a growth of small cedars growing very closely together, with some spruces bal- sams, birches and balm of Gileads intermixed. spruces, tui- " There are no large streams crossing the surface of the township, except the outlet of Lake Mam ou. It crosses the northern town line on lot 16, thence mnS south-we "^'" Mo?nW '"'''^''Y^'' ^'^y..-- ^^^ western boundary of the t w^'nship _ Jlost of ho smaller streams dried up last summer. These smaller streams hav,. their sources principal y from the swamps, in'the northern parts of tirtowns ^^ ' strik nJ in h s seTon Th'" '" °^ '^' Clinton or Niagara limestone, andaJd nothing striking in this section. They are somewhat undulating, but dippin- with a gradual do chno owards the shore of the lake, and have a strike pal-'allel witKatXre line ih. 2 Ti \u'^^°"' \t°^°-plot' I find no place suitable, except it be the point at tc sel rd'leofthfb"; tIl-"T^^ ^'""V'"^ ^ff°^^^ '^^ excellen! liaC'fb vessels, and is one of the best fishing stations on the island. Michall's Bay, a'so is a oood place for fishing, but offers no securities as a harbor for large vessels. ^' ' ^ mere are no settlers or clearances in any portion of the townshin A fow Tn,i;..„. bein^p-r ts^s S^f5^r^rtrt::?.trs^ -^it; nSrtl aSn'th'r.'-*'':-*"''"','?'? ''f' ^^'''f ^^- 'J^^^^kummah mus^; b s tied K toward road i^tt:t:7uJsZ:l^^^^^^ ^ -.^i' -y = «- which might be added to that of fhe lo s bSed tiei^by Yn haSr^^fv^r' "' of settlement of this township would be materially increased and I belTev^M,. t^ "f '' cent to the road would speedify be taken up and'impro rd%nd eSS^^^^^ remote. I am aware that a number of parties intend taking up some of the lots in tl « coming summer, if they are in the market by that time, but^they wUl be abandoned a J.^ unless some means of access thereto be made." ^ aoandoned again. Thee TowD8hip, »„ .ituated „„ a.a n,=ar B.t«hema„„g Ba,, north ,horc of Lake ouperior. of ArS.^'1.'' °" ;\° ""'' '' ""''"'''^'' *""'°'y' °" *^^ ''-' ^y *'- township of Archibald on the south by the waters of Batchewanung .ay, and on the west by the waters of Batchewanung Bay and the Township of Fisher, and containing 15,747 acres of t,Xli:,i: u ': /.''' ^"*° """^^ -^"^ ^^^^^^''^ -«'-«' -^^ ^° ^^^^ -me time, subdivided into sections and quarter Bcctions, by P.L.S. Hugh Wilson. Each regular section contains an area of 160 acres. Provincial Land Surveyor Wilson also at the same time surveyed the outline, of th. townships of Havilland, Tupper and Archibald. The following is aa extract from Mr. Wilson's report of survey :- rtially fallen, and it, and render the ral purposes, and ownship which is innot bo disposed )ordering on Lake oestone rock, .sup- imo spruces, bal- except the outlet nning south-wcst- 2 township, iller streams have ownship. ind aflFord nothinj; vith a gradual de- shore line, it be the point, ut lellent harbor for ay, a'so, is a good . A few Indians ason, but have no er, the south side id Assiginack not tied from towards most of the best b a road, say : the towaning (cost of 36 the advantages eve the lots adja- ually those more ■ the lots in the abandoned again, HAVILLAND, th shore of Lake by the township the west by the ; 15,747 acres ol' i the same time, it township) was 1. Each regular e outlines of tho EXTBACTS FROM UPPER CANADA RBPORTS OP SURVEY. 41 sections TnTmfrf-'r^; i' 1^^"" ^"'^ °^'°'^"°° ^^ ^"^ HaviUand, and the adjacent 0 k riLes • bJt^; 'leL tn1r°/^'.rP,' '? ^"1^' "^""'"^ ^'''^' «°°>«^J>^^ ^'okei with X fS^^^^^ ^^^'° P-° - '^^ 4es.'se^tion^ .4 andlal^^^. • ".'^''^^^o ^.""^ Tr'®'^^ Sood mill sites on the stream, shewn on the accomnanvinr. .mm .n .section 13 in Ilavilland and section 18 in Tupper; but the land heJ^isb^olen and i'on'^;;" oodl d"£i T\ ^'T' 'l^°\' '^ ^^'^^'"-'^ contain'Lltabi: poi cion i^nTunner ., «hin "^ "^''° ' ^^^ ^^^^'^^ ^-^ctions, together with the adjacent ?rrr:iKic\Tutrs!' ""'' ''-' ''- '-'- '- ^- bS'it^ts^j;: tain luhe StTlllf.'w f '"'llf °^'°*^ l^^"^''- ''''''' '^' ^^«'^™ ^P"^ «f the said moun- Ibove the bat r/h" Pi ff«. r *^«, P'f \?f f ^^t^^S' ^hjch post has an altitude of 500 feet aooye tne bay, with cliffs from 50 to 60 feet. Rock— gneiss, overlaid with black f ran containing iron pyrites and traces of copper. ' "^*'"^''^ ^'"' ^^^°^ '"^"P' n.rf If K?i°'^ '°''°'^? is situated on the south and east shores of Batchcwanung bay and div dbrthe GouTl^nflW t '"''''^^'^t"'' ''^''f.'^ "'^ '^' °°^'^ brow of the anticlinal, ^S ofk r?d?e?rd ?,1, J'^'if ?^«^'y^ "°*^ isgenerally good land, somewhat broken blacVbLch and'^^^i A'"f """^ to Batchcwanung bay. Timber-maple, mixed witk Diacl. birch, and maple and balsam, with some good white pine on the ridsres Soil— rich sandy oam, is beautifully watered by small sprfng creeks, flowing ilBatchewanunc. bav Prevailing rock-gneiss, and a hard, hornblelidic° slate, ;ith pifces of amyS^^^^ trap" and red sandstone in the bed of the streams. cimy^uaiom irap, •J5 al7srwm?.Tl7T ^""u '"•'.' -^^tes on a stream passing through sections M, Huirw^st^ritn'ino"^^^^^^^^ ^'^« --^^-^^^^ p-^- °^--tion ,.,i Inia onf«oJ°r '^'' """"^ ^^ "^ ''J"''^'^ "" the top Of a burnt mountain, west end of Gou- ais and Ba chewanung range, which is here about 500 feet above the bay, and suddenhr breaks off a ong the west ine of Ilavilland, showing cliffs from 60 to lOO^feerhi "h wS cherry, poplar, white birch and underbrush. Rock'-gneiss and amygdaloid tra.^wih do tached pieces of hornblendic slate, and traces of the sulphate of copper. ' th<. bav nn iT^fr^;'' u^' ""^ '• '" ^'i^'^^^'' "'^°°' '' '^^^l' '^°'i ^ith little elevation above iraduSlv ?o ^.oT 1 ' P"'''? f '' ^T^ ''''■ S^*^''""^ '^^ ''^^ 1» °f Ilavilland fall gradually to the bay and appear to be good land-a considerable portion of them burnt over and covered with the remains of old windfalls. That part of Ilavilland in Batche wanung island IS generally level, soil good ; timber: hardLod, balsam, cedar and wite p.nc; SOI , sandy loam. Potsdam sandstone crops out on the east and north-east si oiel of w h tm'llf^t^'"^ f 'f '^/ \'^'' «°"th-west. f found several excellent landings or Sts 1 !'Z^ , f \''-°* ^'-^tf ' ^itbin a few feet of the shore, affording easy landin.^ fo^ vessels- he landing being well sheltered from heavy sea.s and weather." I was informed by several of the Indians of the neighborhood that excellent fishing ground exists oHhc east and north-east shores of the island. tain wS, k'nlf k'^ ^'?' ^'''''? Archibald and Tilley is situated on the Lake shore nmuu- tain which IS al burnt over, and generally covered with fallen timber and thick brush- wood which includes nearly all of sections 30 and 25, and sweeps around to north-eTst into the township of Tupper and rises to an elevation of about 1500 feet above the b!iy dent'ZihnH- H r'^'"'^/"'''? T' " '■°"Sl'. broken country, but contains suffi- cient good land in the valleys and north slopes of the ridges, which arc generally sufiiciently tity of white pine. Soil : rich sandy loam. ' " Sections 1 in Tilley and 6 in Archibald are crossed by the Ghippawa river the val- ley^of which ,8 excdent land. Timber: maple, elm, cedar La lalsanf. Soih rich l^dy "North Boimdari/ of Archibald. " Sections 6 and 5, are somewhut broken with rock ridges, but contain, at least, two- 42 EXTRACTS FBOM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVEY. thirds excellent land. Soil: sandy loam Timber: maplo, birch, elm, cedar, balsam, and some good white pine. In section G iho south spur of a range of cliffs is crossed, at an elevation of at least 600 feet above the r'ver. Rock : red quartoze granite, with fine black trap, in the form of dykffs ; some ^'ood red pine on mountain. From the top of this range of cliffs the land ialls gently to 'Ma north, and presents a large tract of apparently good land ; timber, hardwood. " This ridge or rauge of cliffs, bearing an cast and west course, is about a quarter of a mile north of the line, through sections 4 and 3, which are good land, rising gently to the south. Timber: hrrdwood and balsam. Eich sandy loam. Sections 2 and 1 are high hardwood land and rod ridges, and some tolerably good white pine on the east part of section No. 1. The whole northern boundary of the township of Archibald is beautifully watered with small spring creeks. "East Boundary of Archibald. " Section No. 1 is partly tamarac swamp, but perfectly dry, and rich sandy loam, which extends for over a mile to ihe eastward, through which a branch of the Chippawa river flows. Sections 12, 13, 24, 25 and 36, are generally very good land, somewhat broken with lakes and ridges. Timber : maple, balsam and birch, with a considerable amount of good white pine— land falling gently to the w.-st. About a mile east of sections 13, -4 and 25, is an extensive depression in the country, which sweeps south-west into the township of Tupper, the mean course being north-east, and containing a chain of lakes, some of them two or throe miles -n length, and extending for some 15 miles ; and I was told by some of the Indians acquainwd with the country that they abound with white-fish and salmon, having large tracts of good arable land, with considerable quantities of white pine adjoining. I have seen a good specimen of galena from the shore of a lake cast of section 24. " South Boundary of Archibald. " Section 31 is on the lake shore mountain, which is burnt completely over, and rises to about 700 feet above the bay. The second range of Lake shore mountains is crossed by the line at the second mile east, and rises to the height of 1,200 feet above the bay, with ciiiis Irom one to 200 teet, and sweeps round through section 30 in Tupper and 25 in lilley. '^'^ "Sections G and 5 in Tupper fall off to the south, in a valley of good land. Sections 4, 6, i and 1, are high, rolhng land, broken with rock ridges, but sufficient good land to warrant settlement; fully one-half of section No. 1 is water, in one of a ehain of lakes extending to the north-east. There is an excellent mill site in section 36 in Archibald' on the water connexion between two lakes, which connexion is about 8 chains in leno'th • there is abundance of water, &nd fall of about 20 in 100 feet— the land adjoinino- ge°ntly rising and good. Timber : hardwood, with considerable quantities of good white °pine. "Archibald is bounded on the south by the township of Tupper, on the west by the townshipof Tilley, and on the north and east by unsurveyed land, and contains 22 927 acres, more or less. On the east side of Archibald there are large tracts of very fair knd and 1 was informed by the Indians in my party that it improved very much to the east- ward ; and what I saw of the township on the snuth and north boundaries, and from the accounts given by the packmen (who passed through the township by two different routes, bringing in supplies), a large tract in the interior of the township, extending past the eastern boundary, is good arable land, with high hills and gradual slopes. Timber : hard- wood and scattering white pine, far exceeding what would be required for local consump- " East Boundary of Tapper. "Sections 1, 12 and 13, are considerably broken with lakes, containing numerous small islands-banks gently rising. Timber round the shore : good white pine and hard- wood ; the land rolhng, with gentle slopes, somewhat broken with rock ridges. Soil • rich s^ndy loam. There is a good mill site a little west of the line, in the north part of section 24, haying a reddish quartz rock on either side of the stream for some distance, rising to the height or 20 feet ou the point of an island. A little to the west of the line, in lee tion 1 1 found iron pyrites in considerable quantities, in cube's of over an inch in diameter, together with a fair specimen ot hematite iron ore. Section 24 1 found to be excellent land • EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OJ STJRVEt. 4S , balsam, and crossed, at an lite, with fine the top of this of apparently a quarter of ling gently to md 1 are high le east part of is beautifully sandy loam, the Chippawa lewhat broken )le amount of i" sections 13, west into the lain of lakes, and I was told white-fish and of white pine ;ast of section ver, and rises is crossed by the bay, with 3er and 25 in ad. Sections good land to ain of lakes, in Archibald, 3 In length ; ining gently hite pine. a west by the Jtaina 22,927 ery fair land, to the east- and from the ferent routes, ling past the imber : hard- oal consump- ig numerous 10 and hard- Soil: rich art of section ice, riainc to ! line, in sec- in diameter, cellent land ; 25 and 3G, hilly, with easy slopes, falling gently to the eastward, with low rock ridges. Timber : maple, ironwood, black birch, and some good white pine. Soil: rich sandy loam. Gneiss is the principal rock appearing in the east boundary of Tapper, and on one or two occasions I found :t tinged or spotted with green, indicating the presence of copper. The whole line is beautifully watered with small spring creeks, flowing easterly. The land is heavily timbered with maple, mixed with black birch, balsam, cedar, and some good white pine. Soil : a rich sandy loam, " South Boundari/ of Tapper. " The easterly part of section 30 is beautiful land. In section 35 the line passes along the south brow of a hill, falling to the south, and is precipitous and rocky. There are .several lakes in sections 33, 34 and 35, some of them nearly a mile in length. About half a mile south of section 34 is a lake of considerable size, and is at least 500 feet below the lakes referred to above. The line, in section 34, ascends the north brow of Ucaver mountain, rising with steep but gradual ascent in the east for over half a .nile, attaining an Ititude above the lakes on the north about 800 feet, and on the south about 1500 I'eet. Timber: maple, black ash. black oak, and mountain ash of small size, Thu rock that was visible was quartzose and a coarse hornblende slate. From the summit of this mountain a bird's-eye view of the country from north-east and north-west was obtained ; and, on carefully adjusting the theodolite, 1 found it considerably the highest point of land in the country, except one, noi '> of Pancake bay. From this point numerous lakes could be se(Mi in Tupper, and tV ' 'untry did not appear to be much broken with ridges, and I should say contained i ■■' .pAs of arable land. The land falls with steep descent, westerly, through section ■ '. part of section 32. Timber: small m,.^le, black birch, oak and balsam, with large tracts of good land. Sections 31 and 32 are, as a general thing, good land. TOWNSHIP Of TIIiLKY. " The township of Tilley is situated on the north shore of the Batchewanung bay and part of Batchewanung island, and contains 15,747 acres of land, more or less, which has been subdivided into sections and quarter sections, each regular section containing 640 acres, being a mile square. The township is considerably broken by the lake shore moun- tains, which sweep inland eastwardly and breaks up into mountainous ridges aloii;,' cither side of the Chippawa river, which runs through the township of Tilley. " The Chippawa river enters Tilley about half a mile south of its north-east an^lo, and flows in a serpentine course through sections 1, 2, 11, 10, 15, IG and 17, then empty- ing into the Batchewanung bay, having an average width — from section 1 to the fall.s on sections 16 and 21 — of about 1.50 chains, with slight rapids in places. Banks clay, from 6 to 10 feet high. " The falls on the said river consist of two chutes, with a basin of about two chains intervening. The upper chute is immediately north of the line, between sections 21 and 16, and the lower chute a little south of the line, both affording excellent sites for mill.-;, with easy approaches. The chutes have a fall of about 30 feet each, with a total fall ot about 75 feet ; adjoining the falls on the ridges there ia a considerable quantity of good white pine. The banks below the falls arc from 10 to 12 feet high, and consist of light bluish clay and gravel ; the average width of the river being about two chains, and depth from 6 to 1^ feet. At the mouth of the river, in the bay, a sand-bar extends out about, a quarter of a mile, not covered with more than two or three feet of water. The valley ai' the river on either side throughout the township is good arable land and suitable for settle- ment. Timber: maple, elm, cedar and balsam. Soil : rich sandy loam. " The west part of section 1 is considerably broken by a rock ridge, but contains a large tract of good land along the river. Sections 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are traversed by a dry swamp. Timber : balsam, cedar, taraarac, white pine, and a considerable amount of hard- wood. Soil: rich sandy loam. Sections 7, 8, 9 and 18, are situated principally on tho north and west slopes of the lake shore mountain, with hills rising to considerable hei-hi, with easy slopes; the south part of sections 8 and 9, being on the south brow of the moun- tain, are broken and rocky. Timber : maple, mixed with balsam, cedar and white pine. Sections 10, 11 and 12, contain considerable amount of good laud along the valley of the u 44 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. river, but are very mucli broken by ridges on either side of said valley. Sections 13, 14 and 15, are situated in the second range of the lake shore mountains, and are very much broken by high rock ridges. The valley and the north slopes of the ridges are generally very good land, and c .prise at least one-half the area. " Secti^ms IG ant.' 17 are situated on the top and south slopes of the lake shore moun- tain, and are exceedingly broken, but contain large quantities of good white pine; but tliure is considerable amount of excellent land from the base of the mountain to the lake shore. Section 21 and the south-west half of section 22 is excellent land, rising in plat- eaux. Timber ; principally maple, mixed with a little balsam and cedar, a considerable area of which has been used by the Indians as a uugar-bush, some long time ago. The soil is a rich sandy loam. I found, on the line between sections 22 and 15, trap rock, strongly mag«^ctic. Sections 23 and 24 are situated on the top and west slope of the lake shore mountain. Section 23 is broken and rocky, and contains a large amount of good white pine. The greater part of section 24 consists of a considerable amount of good land, with high ridges. Timber : maple, mixed with birch, balsam, cedar and white pine. Sec- tions 25 and 26 are on the south slope of the mountain, and are broken with rock ridges, with small valleys of good lend. Timber p.-incipally maple. Begley's copper location occupies a certain posi. in in these sections. " The copper lode is situated near the centre of section 25, and forms a cliff from 80 to 100 feet high, course north-west and south-east, and shews a face of from three to four chains in length, and bears the appearance of a distorted dyke, largp portions of it being tinged with green from the presence of copper, and has, to all appearance, a < good show.' " Sections 31, 32 and 33, on Batchewanuag island are generally undulating. Timber : maple, hemlock, cedar, birch, poplar and white pine ; soil, sandy loam. Potsdam sandstone forms the cast and north-east shore of the island, dipping slightly to the south-west. All that portion of the island in the township of Tilley has the appearance of good land. Section 3G is principally situated on the face of the lake shore mountains, the timber of which has been destroyed with lire ; it is exceedingly rugged, and broken with cliffs. " General Re.marhs. " The northern shore of Batchewanung bay is principally composed of a sandy beach, with shallow water for several hundred feet out; but there arc several points of rock on the north-easterly shore of the bay, with water from 10 to 15 feet deep at their extreme edge, affording gicat facilities for the construction of commodious wharfs, with very little expense. A strong current from the west sweeps around to the north and north-east of the island ; the water is of considerable depth, and the current so strong that a consider- able portion of it is open during the winter. Easy access can be had over the mountains in ni Tierous places to the interior, by following the faults or windings of the ravines and valley^ The whole country is beautifully watered by spring creeks j several are of good size and abound with speckled trout. There are considerable number of rein-deer or Car- iboo throughout this region of country. The climate, soil, and facilities for settlement are much superior to many portions of the Ottawa country. " Settlement. "The miuural wealth of the country is apparently inexhaustible, and there is abun- dantly suihcicntly good arable land capable of producing the cereal and other Canadian staple products necessary for the sustenance of a large mining population. During the present season, the first-class steamboat " Iron City," on her up and return trips, has calkd weekly (plying between Detroit and the American mines on Lake Superior) at Mansficlds & Co.'s landing, situated on Batchewanung bay, about four miles westerly from the west boundary of Tilley. There is no doubt that, owing to the position of the township of Tilley, so soon as any mines arc in active operation a regular steamboat communication would at once b^ established with them. This would, consequently, be a great inducement for farmers and others to settle in the township." TUDOK Is situated in the county of Hastings. It is bounded on the north by the township of Limerick ; on the ea=t by the township of Grimsthorpo; on the south by the township of Madocj and on the west by the township of Lake. EXTHACTS FROM DPPEE CAN^PA REPORTS OF SURVEY. 45 3tiona 13, 14 3 very much ire generally shore moun- ;c pine ; but to the lake ising iu plat- considerable le ago. The 5, trap rook, 3 of the lake unt of good Df good land, ■e pine. Sec- rock ridges, pper location iliflF from 80 :hree to four of it being ' good show.' ig. Timber : xm sandstone h-west. All ' good land, le timber of h cliffs. sandy beach, i of rock on leir extreme th very little lorth-east of ; a consider- e mountains ravines and are of good -deer or Car- ittlement are ere is abun- nadian staple the present iallcd weekly fields & Co.'s est boundary illey, so soon . at once h-) farmers and the township I township of The Hastings road runs through the township. It contains G2,l)(i7 acres, including water and roads. A small portion of the township was surveyed in 1853, by Troviucial Land Surveyor r. V. Elmore ; a portion in 1857, by I'rovincial Land Surveyor W. H. Deanc ; and the residue, a block of 0,i)8G acres (including roads and water) in the 15th, IGth, 17th, 18th, and 19th concessions, lots fi to 20, in 1863, by Provincial Land Surveyor MacLeod. The following are extracts from the llcports of Survey :— Extract from Mr. Deanc' s report. " The land in this township is of rather an inferior quality, being rough, broken, and undulating in character— the ridges generally rocky and unproductive, and the valleys ot a deep, alluvial soil. Its resources, in a lumbering point of view, are worthy of remark : pine (white and red) is very abundant, of large size, and of good quality— easy ol access, and with great advantage for getting to market. '•' The township is drained by the Moira and Jordan rivers; Eeaver Lreek and its tributaries possess many sites for mill and manufacturing establishments. "The southern portion of the township is composed of the limestone formation, ot many varieties j the northern portion is of the primitive formation, and forming a part ol the great "Granite region," The approximate line of demarkation between these forma- tions is represented on plan; but as it runs through a broken section cf country, and the different formations variously intcrstratified, it would require a professional geologist to define it correctly. . " Though the land generally is not of a good quality, there is a great inilux ot settlors, and numerous applications for wild land ; and I have groat pleasure in being able to state, that the lands on the Hastings road are settling rapidly." Extract from Mr. MacLeod's report: — '< The northern portion of the block surveyed (say half) may be considered as good land and fit for farming purposes. , , , "About one-fifth of the central portion is tolerably fair, though rough and rocky. "The southern portion, being the remainder, (say one-third) is poor and sandy, only fit for lumbering. j ion "There is an extensive beaver meadow on lots Nos. 10 and 11,— 1/th and l»tu con- cessions—whero largo quantities of hay are mowed by the adjoining settlers. "Alargequantity of pine, in the shape of logs, have already been .taken from the vicinity of Beaver Creek. • , . i .• "When I was surveying, Messrs. Gilmour & Co. had three extensive lumber shanties in operation on the southern and middle parts of the block. The best of the timber is nearly exhausted; there is still a good deal of inferior quality, and a largo amount lies on the ground wasted on account of small blemishes. The more northern part is covered with hardwood, &c, „ , n ^u i ^i n, " The block is well watered with streams ; Beaver Creek flows through the north- western part ; there are several rapids in its course. . " The rock is composed principally of crystalline limestone, and is similar to the tor- mation in the township of Limerick. " The block is well situated for settlement ; being on Beaver Creek, supplies can easily be obtained from the Hastings road. Some of the lots in the north part are well worth the attention of intending settlers." VANKOUGHNET. East of Goulais Bay, north shore of Lake Superior, is bounded on the north by the township of Tapper, on the cast by unsurveyed land, on the south by the township of Aweres, and on the west by the township of Fenwioi. 46 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. This township was subdivided ia 1867, into sections and quarter sections by Provin- cial Land Surveyor George F. Austin. Each regular quarter section contains an area of 160 acres. The township of Vankoughnet contains an area of 26,299 acres of land. The following is an extract from Mr. Austin's report of survey :~ " The soil, in the township of Vankoughnet, may be divided into three kinds, sandy and sandy loam, clay and vegetable loam or mould. " The first mentioned covers an area of about fourteen sections, chiefly on the north and south sides of the Goulais River, on the south-western section of the township, and i^ generally level land. The clay is often to be found along the river and ravines, and seems to be of a great depth, although not frequently met with, owing to its being covered with vegetable matter, yet it was seen cropping out in a number of places. The last mentioned or third kind I have called vegetable loam or mould, it being formed by the decomposition of the leaves of hardwood, and has but little depth, s'^ldom exceeding nine or ten inches, covering the rock of the country. The predominating rock seems to be trap, of two or three different kinds, clay slate, and here and there chlorite slate and jasper conglomerates. " The timber oftcnest met with is maple, birch, balsam, white spruce and cedar, with a few scattering hemlock and pine of inferior size ; one remarkable feature is the total absence of beech, not a tree of which was met with on the survey. ' " Maple and birch is by far the most abundant, it io EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP BURVET. lako iiboiit 70 chains wiJc, one of a chain in the valley between the middle and southerly uiouiit,iiii.<, ti II iiuitiigc 1' atiiiig over tie fornirr one. This is abn-it a mile and a half long, aii'l >» >t(ii> iu placcH, that we only Kucceedcd by gn at labor to tiansport our supplies, &c. over its rugged fides. , , n . " The ;.'.?ucr!il character of this mountain range is broken and prooipitous, lik« the former, ilcs;itutc of soil, except in small summit valleys, and only yielding, like the former, an Olid (Stunted pine, and birch. '• I'll a.scemling the top of u high peak, about raid-way on this range, a mapaificent vii'w .1' the great La Cloche Mountain is obtained, stretching off in a north oastorly diieci'.oii about twelve miles towards Lako I'enago, while towards the west it vanishes iu till- (li^tiince along the north shore of Lako Ilurou. A very broken valley of three miles wide M'paratcs this mountain from the middle one, and it is cut up bv large dyke.s of gra- nite and <|uarlz roik, between which are imbosomed a series of small lakes and streams flov.'.ng wu.-t wards into Lake Huron. In the valley n few patches may bo found fit for selth'im'iit, but they arc so isolated and far between a^ to r>.iider a successful scttitinent extreiiiily improbable. Having reached the south slope of the great mountain, I was enabled, "by means of a narrow winding gorge which leads oblicjuely through it, to transport supiilies, cVc., to the northerly slope. It differs in its general configuration from the two Ibviiier I'louiitaitis, being made up, as it were, of a number of truncated masses of compact iiuartz rii'k, rising gradually to a high elevation. "Wliilc surveying party wore engaged in forwarding supplies, &c., myself and assistants made exploration of the country for several miles in a northerly direction, with tile view of seL-cting a favorable tract in which to commence the survey. In this we were (luito successful. So soon as duo preparations were made, I commenced the survey at a point about half a mile beyond the north slope of t!.e mountain, and proceeded iu a uorth- eusterly direction nearly parallel with the base of the mountain for a distance of ten miles to a point between the head of the mountain and Lake IVaage. " ill the whole of this distance the country is good and fit for settlement. ^ The soil is eoiii})osed of a reddish clay loam of considerable depth, and produces a healC.y growth of red and whita pine, with patches of land covered with birch, maple and hemlock inter- spersed. **mall bluff's of granite and trap rock occasionally crop out, but they are net of a nature to seriously affect the proportion of arable land. " Keturiiini,' to starting point I continued the survey westwards towards the Spanish River, umkiiiu' i?)r a distance of fifteen miles, only a slight deviation from the mountain iiinge.' Ill tins distance, exploring line intersects P. L. S. Salter's second meridian west, to which I tied my survey by measurement and observation. The country is somewhat of the same character as that already described, being in places covered with a tine yield of red and white pine timber on a clay soil of good depth and comparatively free of stone. " The twenty-five miles so far explored runs through the tongue of land formed by the White Fish River on the north and the La Cloche Mountain on the south side. " For a longdistance north of the river explorers report the country good and covered with bearing timber. . , . , ^ ,• i. . l .r " Exploring line intersects White Fish River within the Indian reserves, about halt- a-mile below whore it makes a sudden bend towards the mountain, and about thirty yardi north of a roeky gorge, ou which is a fall of nine feet. The stream does not exceed twentv feet wide at this pluce, and the water rushes through with great force. '■' The easterly bank is a perpendicular rock about ten feet high over the top of water- fall, while the westerly bank above the fall, in the distance of a chain or two, rises gently. Below ilu; lull this bank rises from the river bed somewhat more abruptly. " Ou the course ot the AYhite Fish River, for a distance of twenty milea. above this point are a number of falls and rapids, presenting many important manufacturing locations, and all easy of adaptation. . n,, j -j " The river, from this place flows into Lake Huron by a series ot lakes and rapids, throuo'h La Cloche Mountain. It could, I have no doubt, be rendered capable of car- rying'saw-logs through, and by the construction of slides at a few places, it is my opinion that square timber could be conveyed out to the lake. • , , " From the White Fish River west, the country for a few miles is comparatively level ; the purely pine-bearing tracts give place to patches of land yielding black birch, maple, hemlock, ocd;ir, mixed with white pine and basswood of enormous size. " A leddish loam soil ou a clay substratum is met with through this section ; occa- sionally sunki the fallen trc " Uetwei kc , frequent " Narro met with, bii the average i " The e from Sault S granite ridge yielding a sti are bare grai post, the em second uieri( timber, inch soil is of a s " From viz; Spani.sl clay slate roi of these are birch, balsai places' bavin through the in these low two prcviou tion caused establishing nect my sui great deal o suceeeded i my survey.' " The a mile abov It has a gci stream at e have the di arj excellei side. " The this point, section, ani completed land travel " r.o mouth of ex'-.'oding luuuunin t Fouage, be White Fis mountains with the s " Thi resnue, bu which the > mouth of makes its " Ab mediately located, including I EXTBAOXS FEOM CPPER CANADA RBP0RT9 OF SURVEY. 51 sionally sunkou bouldcr.s and coarse «tono form the substratum an observed ou tl.o roots of '•" ''"Stw'n these patches of hardwood, uphvndn, boavor meadow., cranberry n.arshes, '-' '^X;::^:;;U^of .wamp land yie.di,.. tamarae ^^V^^f^^^^VSj ;:i:!:: .v.n's2 srsriri^is w" ^^^^^i^:^k^'^/;^^ u luito ridges, the slope, of whi<-h are i» -"" ^Sl^^Z ll^ h to, ol' S.o llid.o. yiehliu,, a st..ntod growth of lir, u.vh, P^P j'^ ""^^J'^'^J^ P^'^'^ ,^^^^^^^^^^^^ of the above mile arc l.aro granito rock without ho.1 "^'!'J^'^^'^f "' .j^'^?,!, '^ luto Mr. 1». I.. S. Salter's clay «lute rock, occasionally attaining %'''^ ! , .YTnth 'd rover' d with pino. hemlock, of these are found tracts containms soil ot i^^ood .lopt "» ^°:^ • ,,,' ;, f,u„,i, i„ birch, balsau, k.. U the vallc v. between ^ '';-."ff ■';\ ^ ^o tl.!; sm.uu. Ilowin, place, bavin, a depth o threo or tour feet, - -' '-^^^ , "prer^^ppearanec of th.. soil throu-h thorn Irom the lul -sido. Much, '''"^''J^' " '^ ; ' , (• ',•„,,, ,vhich a year or iu thele low lands is doubtless attributable ^\ '''^. ;'^:f "j ^^^^^^^ ' t,, ,l.o frreat d.str.r- two previously devastated the ^^--^^]^^^^ l1 ave s^ o attribute '^.lilhc.Uies in tion caused by the tire m many parts of he >^'-;^ ^ V ['^j^'^ . ^,,„,., [ required t. o.m- "" TS'spnW, K„cr flow, .«ry 0».l, ;» » f-^^^-'t »"" ,mri?*« ''■' , mil« »bo.c it. iatcr.cclio. with «.,, onng 1™ '"»£», S fccl?i "1. Tltc J.plh of tUc Stream at centre is about t- Itct, wun •• "3^^ "^ ' „ The anproaches at cither sidu "'^. The lUver Sable iorms a junction f 1^ the Spamsh ^ ^^^^iS^^^Z this point, During the hist two years ^^""^'"^^"Pf; J"/ , f 'bee, taken out. Ilavin.^ section, and, I am told, timber ol a lar^e "" \ ^'^"^.f ^;;^,.; 1 ^y a circuirous route of completed this end of the survey, I P,'''«'^'=;^"^' ^\'l"Yi ^f };„ u^or La tJloche. land travel to the Hudson Bay Company's post, at the '^ "\' ;;,f ^^^ ^J^;"^ ^les, viz : to the >. r.om the Hudson IJay ^f-'^^,^^"'^,;"';;^/ ^ r^aU^ S S Moun'tain, scldon. mouth of White Fish ll.ver along the 1^'^^« « ^ho "^"^^ '^ . p^om this place the cx--edins more than a mil-, distant rom oui t-^^^^; ' \. JJJ P ^ J;- -^^^^-^^^ ,,,,,'rds Lake .nounnin trends off in a direction a t?^ 'legrcc no ^ ot ^-^ ^j f e in eru, _^^ ^^^ ^,^^ I'cnage, before spoken of. The remainder «/, ^'^^J^j'^Jf „f\ho middle and southerly Whit"e Fish Indian ^^^f^^'^',^'^\^'^Zl^ll'i^^^^^ mountains previously referred to. On 'Y':'!'' ^^J^^; '"°'J^^ tir-^t arrival at this place, with the same kindness and attention ^'^ ^l^ ^^'^^ f j^^" i^^'^.t^.o^otonous and mipictu- u The general ««^f "^ ^Jg^ ^^ ".e iiS ocrUy a transverse gorge through rcs,.ue, but the scenery IS b ^^^^titul, whei , we uotu ig especially tlie case at the .. About turee-lourths 01 \'°^'^^^^7,'';/';;!i,tv on which the Wallace mine is Sudtg f LSl Ulaads, .hich^lie'a «hort distance from the ahore, I 62 EXTRACTS FROM UPPEIV CANADA REPORTS OP SURTBY. " An attempt to work tbeso mines, it appears, was made some fiftocu yoar^ ago, when u few smuU whaftH were sunk, but owin-; to the want of mcaud or energy, or^ perhaps, to tho Hinall proportion of ore yielded, tiio shafts were abandoned, and are now ho tilled with rubbinh an 1 wixtcr m to be hurdl^ orceptible at the surface. Tho ronuiina ot a few f^hanticH 1 a small wharf arc tho only vestigCH vvhieh now mark the plaee whore these operations wore cirried on. , . r. i " After remaining a few days at KUlarncy, while my party wero engaged in lorward- ing some pupplies to tho Mazeenazing i liver, about eighteen miles cast on tho fihoro o. Georgian JJay, I lei't the village to join my p:irty. On arrival at tlio mouth of the river, 1 eoncluded to lollow up tho stream lor six or seven miles, and having scleetcd a lavorable point for tho construction of a bridge, I commenced to survey exploring lino in a nortli- west direction to V. L. S. Salter's principal meridian. This meridian I adopted lor a couple of miles north, and then turned off on a course a few degrees north ot west generally, to connect with tho part of survey first performed to tho head of La Uoclie JMountuin, mar Lake I'enage. Tho country drained by tho Mazoonazin-j; Uivcr is ol a rough, broken character, containing a poor growth of timber, and afording only a small proportion of arable land, which would bo hardly worth attoul n for settle- ment purposes. From tho principal meridian west to where the parts of survey couucct tho country improves, and has in places u fair growth of timber, both hardwood and evergreens. The soil is sandy loam, with it mixture of clay soil, and is of a depth sutUeient to satisfy agricultural products. Towards Lac Pcnago the country is still bettor, and explorers report that north of it a fine tract of laud, covered with heavy timber, extends for a long distance. . .i " Of this lak«, I was informed by an intelligent old Indian, that in the summci season the water is so pure and transparent as to render tho bottoiu visible from 30 to W lect. Here the delicious salmon trout, weighing from five to twenty pounds, arc found in great numbers and of the finest quality. I'iko, pickerel, porch, herring, and several other kinds of frcsh-watcr iish arc also in abundance. "The junction formed by a road connecting Killarney village (seo plan) witli tlic Great Northern Road, will bo at or near the point where tho latter intersects principal meridian. , , . , „ n i, " At the mouth of the Mazccnazing Kivcr is a good substantial frame savv-m; II. II has not however, been worked for a couple of years past. It is known as Waddel s null- Takin./up the survey at intersection with above stream, I proceeded eastwards towards the h-roncdi lliver. b'or some three or four miles tho country i.rescnts a rather barren pec being composed of tlut granite vock, with small groves of pine and tamarac irUps a tcr^ating Approaching the head waters of IJcaver Stone Creek which flows t Ir S the India; llesSrve (called by the Indians Bearstone Indian Keserve) he coun vy Hupro;..,., particularly through tho reserve, where a hoc tract f -^^-^y- ^'''•l J^^^J); settlement exists. This tract is covered with heavy pine, birch, maple, .U. 1 he country aon' to the Warrapitae lliver is somewhat of this nature, occasionally fine tracts of Slating lands oceErs, yielding a mixture of heavy timber which has, however, in many p ace been partly destr;yed by Sre. Tho soil is composed of clay loam, and appears to be a character pretty well adapted for farming purposes. Through the tra* jut des- cribed a -reat irregularity in the motion of the magnetic needle was observed, he iariUion(^i a short distanc^e varying in many cases between 10 and 30 degrees from the I tronomirmeridian, the result, doubtl^^^ existence of large quantities of mineral ImZTtTie rock'formation.' The season, however, was so extremely unpropitious to carrv on a search for minerals that I lost no extra time m investigations of this kind, carry cm a sea ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ resemblance of the lake on of which it flows to a tooth, is a beautiful stream about 50 yards wide. The banks where crossed arTlo fee hgh, of clay or rock, bottom sloping gradually to the water's edp, depth o water at centre 12 feet, with stiff mud bottom. A bridge could easily be constructed over his treani On its course are numerous falls and rapids affording any amount of mechani- eal power AUho elbows or bends are small deltas of.considerable extent yielding v^^^^^^^^^ and blue oak of average size. From the river eastwuid to within a few ""i^^s "' ,^«_^ 1 rend lliver the face of the country is rugged and is a good deal broken by small bluffs and r Ss 0 • -n ess, t ap and elayslate i^otk. The timber on this tract is worthless in a com- meSpoint of view, and the region itself totally unfit for settlement. A l.c ° f a land, some four or five -'^s back, runs along the north shore of the French River at thia part of it wl indicative of " Kxpk tho branch c '< Tho 8 covered wiili slopes gradi easterly som part of the "The base of a pi< two above tl freshets. « Frou intended, o the two br crossed, the above islam struction ol eastwards ' timbered w ally level ii " An persons, is years old, i '< An( the island to the fori I deemed locate exp with only "Th level abou or small b more that to tho Rr maple, bii "Tl Bay into stream fr boats to 1 natural, i reached. and rock tracts of white pii are nuuK but were aelected. more th either si "I though this tra( places V pine, he would 1 (I J A magi affords EX1RACT8 FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVF.-. Gi) . ago, when haps, to tho 0 tilled with us of a few whoro theso i iu forward- Lho Hhoro of of the river, 1 a favorabh) iu a iiorth- loptcd for a )rth of west f La Cloche liver is of u ling only a for Hcttlc- •vey couuect rdwood and pth sufficient better, and ibcr, extendM the summei i'om 30 to to arc found in icvcral other 111) with tlic uts principal aw-inill. It uldcir.s mill. ,rda towardH ither liarreii ind tamarae which flows , tho country 11 suited for The country ne tracts of ?cr, in many d appears to act just des- bscrvcd, the ces from the 3S of mineral propitious to is kind. ; of which it licre crossed, Ige, depth of jtructed over tofmcchani- lelding white r tho French all bluffs and ess in a com- \. belt of fair River at thia p„, of it .hioh could b» p.ct., g...r.U, .»Ui,...d, Iboush .h. .imb« ,n U i. .cOy the branch called the « V^^ol^f " ' ^'" Y'^ y^^.^ i,^,,,,,^, f.,", yards wide, locate exploriot, line at a suitable place on the Kecollct^ iicrc with only a depth of 8 feet, sabject to little or no change of I vc • ^^^^^^ .< The banks at each side arc composed o clay, -^^"d lope ver ^J'^^J y ^^ ^^,„„, level about 10 feet. A bridge can easily be thrown "" -- ^^^ |^ Z, b dgo need not be or small boat navigation/.s likely to be required on th chann U . ,^ .^^.^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ,nore than eight or t.n feet over ^^f ^''°d•^^ ^^^,';;7 "^.^^^^^^^^^ a clean growth of soft to the River Majiwajinie the country 'Y^^' ^^^'^ ''^.'if';; UuUed for agriculture. maple, birch, popular and pine, P'^o^l'^';^^ J ,°° ^ J^^^ ^''^ ^i' narrow iuletot the (i.orgiau " The Key River, rather appropriately soutUed, is a »0"b «"^ j another small Bay int?which^ at its head flow the above -^ j^mt/S ^ard^rvthle for small stream from the norto. The ^-J If'V" l^^J^^^Vji ^^ ^he Peiuo RecoUct. U is the boats to within the same distance of t\'%^°7'' ."'"{j'.h the good lands described may be natural, as well as the ^'"/^ .convenient, route b)whch..^^ ^^^ .^ reached, between the Majiwajine and the Ma ana ^ewa ^^^^ j^^^^^^. ^ androcky and much broken by the ake. and trea^^^^ ^^he^imber met with is chiefly tracts of fair land, fit for ^^''^^''^'\\, ''''J''ZT^\,,,,,. On the Maganatewan lliver white, pine, hemlock and ^-^.^^'^v/.^^' ^^^s e gcnell y st ep and sometimes precipitous, either side, along the course ot the river hardwood tracts of land, « From the Maganatewan, south to ^'^"y^^Xn surface On the whole, T consider would in a short time become a thrmns L...-.ity. .„ i^ already been estabiisiied. ^° <■ At Parry Sound the °«?f"/°^;PrBeau7s^nown constat operation, and, A magnificent saw-mill, owned by J^^j^^^LpaJj Sound Road, from the Muskoka affords emDloyment to a nvimber of men. The i'arry oouna ^ , 54 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OF SURVEY. district to this place, is also in progress of eoustruction, and it is expected to be open all the way through before the expiration of the present year. This will afford many advan- tages for ingress and egress during the winter season to those requiring to occupy lands in the interior of this country. " The River Seguine, which flows through Parry Sound, is crossed bylJreat Northern Road above the mill above referred to. At this place it is 16 feet deep at centre, and the water way can be reduced to a width of fitty-tive or sixty yards, which can, by means of two piers, be conveniently spanned over. About half a mile south of this place I met with the Parry Sound Road, with which 1 connected my survey, and terminated it at the same point. " The distance actually surveyed is one hundred and fifty miles, to which, if the number of miles traversed by explorers bo added, would give a total of nearly one thousand miles of exploring lines, embracing an area of one million one hundred and fifty thousand acres. " Though perhaps not more than one-half to two-thirds of this territory is actually tit for settlement, yet, in view of the immense quantity of valuable pine timber, of the undoubted mineral wealth yet undiscovered in this region, of the many important fishing stations along the north shore, of the construction of a canal via the French River, and above all, being our only land connection with the (ireat North -West territory, the subject of annexing which to Canada at present occupies so large a share of the public mind. Vet, I say, in view of these considerations, the country will doubtless, ere long, become the scene of active and energetic occupations, and form the home of many a happy and prosperous settler. BASE LINE FOR CERTAIN TOWNSHIPS ON THE EAST COAST OF THE GEORGIAN BAY. The following is an extract from Provincial Land Surveyor Silas James' report of survey of base lines for certain townships on the east coast of the Georgian Bay, and tra. verso of a portion of the Maganetawan River, in the year 1805 : — 1st. — Base Line A. li. "The country through which this line passes is very diversified in character; between Skeleton Lake and Lake Rosseau the land is of very good (juality, timbered with healthy hardwood, occasionally mixed with pine, elm, birch, hemlock, &c., while red oak and iron- wood are found on the elevated and rolling lands; adjoining Lake Rosseau the country is more rugged and rocky, but the prevailing timber is hardwood, and the land is generally of good quality. Near to Lake Joseph, on the cast, on the peninsula between its bajT, and for^nearly t'lree miles westward of the lake the country is of superior character, and aflbrds gome excellent, and much really good hardwo'l land, l''rom thence on to the waters of the Georgian Bay the land, generally, is of inferior quality. The rock ov'er considerable portions of elevated country, crops out to the surfiice, having only a thin covering of moss, while generally the soil on it is only a few inches deep, and does not admit of profitable cultivation. There are throughout the line extensive tracts of low ground marshes and swamps, timbered with a good growth of tamarac, cedar, birch, poplar, &c., and interspersed, are tracts of pretty good hardwood land. The peninsula between the Georgian Bay and one of its inlets, crossed ^ ' the line, is covered with hardwood and the land is of good quality. I found no timber of merchantable character on this line; pine is not abundant, where it exists in any considerable quantity and is of very inferior quality, scrubby and knotty: occasionally, pine of good quality is found intermixed with hardwood, particularly on the peninsula of the Georgian Bay, above referred to, but so scattering as to preclude the idea of its being merchantable ; the trees of largest growth were foL;nd in the neigh- bourhood of Lakes Rosseau and J r-oph, where maples and hemlocks were observed of three feet in diameter and of average height ; on the last mentioned peninsula a few piiies were observed of about l::fee feet in diatnetpr and the timber j>:enerally along tho line was rather small growth. In the sections where good hardwood prevails the soil is a red sandy loam with a thin covering of black earth. On the high lands there is only a few inches of soil and gray sand, the deposition of deoompoi , i gray gneiss, with a covering of black soil, ia sometimes found; in the and generally render valuab The gcol varies from ; edges have th ranging from " This li of Lake Jose; is very much bered with g wood, red oa of the Parry base line No :uid are i ivc Sound llivci very much r affording goi growth of sn proceeding i tracts of goc erally, the 1 •' In its that throng quality was through th( " Thcr at its coram edges of gn grained gra angle to on turned edg easterly an dicular dip " The lakes and i afford valu able at a Georgian ] Colonizati( "Iti mouth, du in rapids i occur the places in through a scrubby \ of the riv a slic^ht c there is a some of t would be river, the f EXTRACTS FROM UPPEH CANADA REPORTS OP StTRVHY. ri5 0 be open all many advan- occupy lands ■eat Northern ntrc, and tho by means of :c I met with le same point, yhich, if the one thousand ifty thousand ry is actually mber, of the Qrtant fishing ih River, and r, the subject public mind, long, become a happy and IT OP THE les' report of [Jay, and tra. tcr; between with healthy oak and iron- ic country is I if. generally I its bays and r, and affords he waters of considerable ring of moss, of profitable marshes and interspersed, ;ian Bay and nd is of good lot abundant, scrubby and ,, particularly s to preclude in the neigh- jrved of three w pines were tho line was a with a thin soil and gray ia sometimes ranging from S3uth-west to east, seldom exceeds 4o or .)0 . 2nd. — Base Line No. 'J. wood, red oak, pine, hemlock, birch &c I'J^ ^^^ f^'jj f^ ^^^ar to that deserited on at Its «r "^Trt'r Vc Imc uenerardSon as ^n base line No'l, changing from a fine edges of gneiss take the same general uirto , . j- rau^n... [Vuiii an acute ^^^?to'one^\'LXor"tm ^r oihW Maga^etawan, the up- augle 0 one «;^ nearly JU • ^ "«' e seen bv the general range of the iakos) take a north- retlrso2rcf^:r[y"Stt"and-show1vom au almost horizontal to a perpen- '^^"'f^lS folt; op^rSrSe lines Nos. 1 and 2, is .copiously watered by num.ou.s 3j.cI. Traverse of Maganetawan River. W,!. riJ c, «r c Ih. ri.cr expiid, into lake, anj b.y» of oonsidcr.blo eztot i ,t flow ., oi;r.iif cQwnnni' (u moss ana a i(.\y HLauui-iiiit, "^ , , . • ,• j ....lu,. a.-ii^!!.. Luv-!i.-^ covered with red uud white pine ot very guud medium glimpse of the sud, from which I deducted the latitude and variation approxim, uly, and on the 24th began and ran three miles of the line ; and on this day we had our first snow, from which the ground was not entirely clear any more that season. From the 25th October until the 5th of November I left my assistant at the line (Mr. Gilliland) to conduct the work, and self took charge of the forwarding of supplies and to make the necessary caches to secure our provisions from the weather and vermin ; and whilst part of this service was being performed, I took two men and a light canoe and proceeded up the Montreal river express, a journey of three days above Kenist-Kong lake, by which I gained so mueii knowledge of the route and distance to Notawaganing Post as enabled me to make the most suitable arrangements possible for the conveyance of my supplies to that post. Description of the Country. With the eseeptioa of a few small patcucs of scrubby pitch pine land about Matawa- ganing lake and around the head of the Montreal river, the whole district travelled by the Exploratory Line is hoe and harrow land, that is to say, there is none of it fit for arable plough land. The soil is very light and sandy. I do not remember seeing a bit of clay on the whole line. .XTEACXS FKOM UPPBK CANAPA KKPOKTB 0. SUKVKV. 57 r/ie 3'i)n6er OSes; the pine the river very ihe work pro- EAST, TO WEST. ivision of this )ursc. ine, 1867. 3n ordered by last, directinj^ ag, at latitude -lako Superior ; the west end cr of the 18th was advised to to the Indian 3at exertion, 1 c 20th of Sep- jats, by which iously injured, reaties I couhl tch was begin- required point . deducted the J miles of the t entirely clear t the line (Mr. upplics and to , vermin ; and ;ht canoe and list-Kong lake, janing Post as reyance of my about Matawa- ravelled by the fit for arable a bit of clay l8 Chiefly of four kinds, viz. : houleau, / jj^';- j:';^'' ^"pVoSthi hk^srespSE of the °reat bay, on Malagamy lake ; .'^^^.f;^.*!^^^^^^^^^^^^^ faulty, it baa frequently a long, :^mi!e wide ; b^'t most of ^bc -1^;^^^- -,f ^f X t7p dry, in'dicating a process of decay dry, rotten strip up one side, ana pie I (joiTig on Rivers and Lakes ■ L- 4v,nf T fnvp seen, or the moat The Montreal river is the fin-^t.-rofTollt^hS of lakes, mostl narrow and easily-improved for steamboating. .^^^^^^^^Xl^°i^^^,(i and locks constructed. Its deep with small shallow rapids, only ref;""b ^^ ^ ,^ North-West (Company, is 18^ onSh from its mouth, as it was io^merly travelled by tn ; ^^-j^g ;„ all, including Ss^d^t is connected by a couple of lakes and a creek, ano ^^^^^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^^ a rta^ of t^o miles to t^e Matawagamin^ river ndlal.e,j^^^ ^^^ Moose Factory, probably a distance ot 250 miles, wi ^^^^^ ^g^ ^^^ The ?om the Rapids des Joachim ^^ J^^ ^^^^rriver and the Kapiskatacomag river are Matawagamiug, the Matagoming, 0'^,,^™°"Xn„ with many other rivers, to form the aU Seat streams or rivers, at last all r'';°^' ! ^L beeii fo^ ''^ 'o-^n time, carried on the ;i:e?t and mighty Moose river, at w^ose '«°'^^/^; J^^^i supply half of that country chief business of the Hudson Bay Co., from ^Ji;>} PJJ^'',;^^ JU Canadian water-shed clled Hudson Bay Territory ^^^\g°°tbee on the eaBt to the westward of Michipicoten of the Moose, extends from Lake Abbittabee on he e ^^ .^^ ^^^^ lands, and length harbour en Lake Superior, a distance of 400 miles w ^ ^ ^^^^^^ through^out 300 miles of latitude d--og al-ut 60,000^^sq ^^ ^^^^,^^ ^^^^^Z^t. idea of - vas... ofthe ^ntory iiow {^^^y^^^ S ing company of fur traders, when one of It. rivers Dy l.,nd contributing to its waters. ., . ^ j^ the next 87 miles we ^'""^ My be entered the H. B. Te^^^ory f th 1«^1^ -^'« f , ^i.bin forty miles of crossed the three streams mentioned f^^'^^^JX Rid au at iNew Edinburgh. The first of S sources; ^ach of them were as larg - ^.e Rid. u ^ ^^^^^ ,^, between them; the streacis has two lakes, about '^ mik^ ^^^ up of five lakes ; and the third and last the second »- nearly tl,e same d.s^^n^,m ,^^^ ^^^^^^ ^, ,^,,, ,„ers --1:::^:!^ ^^^-t ^^^K^S-"^ Co.. I am .d to^eUeve ,at !t-e dS:^ o?a=;:^^^StS^ iat 'ctayey, and somewhat swampy, a^'J. °° ^^^;;£7ie^^ and Hudson Bay rivers. Fish and Game. . , 1 . .• ™ «^v fnr the food of the inhabi- The lakes and rivers in this country '^^^^^^ ^J^^Z^^. autumn. The only tants it being u.ostly white-li.h, to be "a^S^J °f ^y.;'S%l"^'^Sany lake. Our common XS where C.rgetrouti..««gUtisint^^^^ ,,ere are consi- j:!aE=o?Slt^^^^^^^^^ besides, f.od fo^tl. I think the country is not sufficiently muaoy " ^^^^ .^ ^^^^ instances hum.m inhabitants of the country is so -jrce, that th'. ^ud^.^ .^ „u„ierouB about most ot 58 EXTRACTS FROM UPPER CANADA REPORTS OP SURVEY. tiful; Partridges and Ducks numerous; but the Hare is the chief depcndancc for food nf all the carniverous creatures of that country, whether thcv bt of X pms!!] u .nake his way through it without u.sin, both hands to'push the bru^ asfde ""'" "°°'' The Native Inhabkantx. .r.J^'' Indians are a friendly, timid, and weak race,-almo.st as timid as the Haro ih. T h.l '^'''"'"'^ **^* ^ ^i''^ '^''^' of constant hard paddling will bring on spittin- of blood qu.„., „i„k ski. Tl,. l.di.j popuU. i, M? BiwSriS i To^^^ or 48 bmlors, 40 „f whon, are head, of families and 8 aro vouok men, whiol" -ou d ,Z . g^.bMh.,ho,...,H,„,,n.,.H.fCanada.nd.S;i?il\Sp"!;a^V.t:nof'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ LAKE ROHSEAU AND LAKE NIPISSING ROAD LINE. Land''stv:yor°SititaTd' """ '^'' '^"^ '^"""^ ^'^^ r>-ent year (1867) by Provincial T'-o following is an extract from Mr. Fitzgerald's Report of Survey — After considerable trouble and loss of time in procuring and forwarding a portion of Se^ptemtr,'S6"' ""' "^"^'^°' ' ^" '""'^''^ '' ''°""^'"- *'^« survey 'on tfeS of ..A 3i^ ir*^ '' completed northerly, about four miles from the head of Lake Rousseau and,w th he exception of the bridge required over White-Oak Creek, is in good condTtion' A.J^ Yf ''"°f ^^'' P.°^"°" °f "-^^ '"^-i i« '^l^rably good, and a3 deal wi no lli'i'?^^? T during the present year, as many settlers" ha^e already come Tn V ° selected their lands built houses, and made other improvements thereon J^rom the north boundary of the township of Cardwell, where the road lot • n ■ ■ tonumbernorthwards,up to lot No. 18, the country is r'ough and brikcfaH iV-.' opinion, almost wholly unfit for settlement o "" orouLii, an i, lu . ruerc'f ^^:S "S'r;:kr gS ^'"' '^'""' ^^''^ ''^°^ ""^ p"p'-' "' - -'"- The east branch of the River Seguin, which flows into Perry Sound crosses the roid on lot No. 20, upon which, as well as upon the adjoining lots, some very' 'ood land occui^ The side hue between lots 25 and 26 passes through a fine'traet of land apparentfy e^- tending for some distance in a north-easterly direction. The soil is composed of clay loam, and yields a heavy growth of various kinds of hardwood There are some 25, closely situated i timb pine, intermixed with mill sites on this branch of the Seguin, on lots Nos. 20, 24 and good pine-bearing tracts The trac_ broken, contai tiers. The sc hemlock and The nort course throu<: are also fed b From loi tolerable trac 'I'he lam with advanta l''rom tt and thence t A great part of the c several barrt All tbr Northv but from 19 ircnerally w The 80 irneiss or gi South clay banks, direction ii From Lake Nipis its banks, i Ontl constructii inducemet the procec able cmpl which thi BXPL Pro division a due ea Thi line : — To tlie Si 15th S ten Ha line, as ward ft tent ab format explor struoti examii KXTKACTS FROM UM-.K <'ANAI,A REPOKTS 0. SUEVEV- «d 0 for food of al or human amall brush the country, ared by the Hmall brush sweeps over t years, this man cannot e Hare, the Indians, al- rance, but I in strength u; of blood. . Although rent longer t more than i are plenty to appease 1 out much [ink, which ponce, or a 171 souls, :>uld give a ' o5 square " Cair aver- of Chester- Provincial portion of le 20th of scau. Rous condition, al will, no le in yr-d "I, iL' r ■■ f jo com- the road id occurs, rently ex- ixed with 0, 24 and 1 f Vn «"> to lot No. 65, although somewhat The tract of country -^^t«ndinj ^om Jo^^^ ^o^- . inducements to jet. broken, contains.a large pvoporUon olfar^ ^,^ ,ood depth P^oduci^^g hardjod Hers The soil is a sandy loam, ot ^'."''o^ 'l , ienerallv scattered through this section. From lot'No. 65, northward *» ^ "J^^jjf^^^^^^^^^ „,aple, elm and basswood. ^"^t hnl t r3^S£^^^S^^ is pretty good, and may be cultivated with adJanTagc. ^^^.i to lot Nc. 105, the land is of a fair .vveragc, part of the country Novtherly ftom ^^ toj^o. ^ . ^ ^^'.^ood land^ constVuction of thi^ -ad, that U con aius a - e propoi^^^^^^^ .^ ^^^ , d inducements to persons ^ill'^SJ^^fuVcertain, for several years to come, to And PJoW *»X«rrte, ofFc« .0 tegc a field. A P q^ltcr and K. Gilmour had charge of the western [ ' '"X^::^ 1. - o.«.,Vom Mess.. SaUa and G Ws K.p.rt .rS«vey oHU,. 1 ,. ,^.. ..„,T.,i. AtTi .Tnlv. i«67. line -. — To the Hon. Commissioner of Crown Lands. i. ^■^tn Chatham, 4tli July, i«o7. ex- in- To the Hon. Commissioner ot v.ro«u ....... .^structions, duted SiK -We have the honor to report that, X'^Z^ZZv^Ii^^^^'^^ ''''^^'"'• I5th Stexnlr, 1866, directing ^^/^ 'j ^Vw? s f the Ctre'al Eiver, we have run . ten Harbor, on Lake Superior, "^f tl^ v.'c could discern, are oflfered. If a line of comniunicatlon, connecting the Province of Canada propf • with the vast territory North and West of Iiake Superior, be one of the objects of this ei.(iloration, we have no hesitation in saying that such a line can be obtained ; not, however, c:' the line of survey, but to tbo south of it, from ten to twenty miles. Having been engaged on surveys on the shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, for ■^'f-veral years, we had from others learned that a vast plateau existed at the loot of the Avatershed, or height of land, bearing maple, birch and pine, which would have oflfered, if existing, an admirable field for settlement. Such, on commenciLg our survey, we hoped to discover, and to have been enabled so to report to you. Our hopes are, however, in great uitMure disappointed. A plain, or plateau, docs exist at the foot of the watershed, but it is not fitted for settlement. It is low and wet, the soil where not burned, being a white sand, resting on heavy drift. This section of country has been several times swept by fire; and now is for an area of two thousand square miles, a desolate wilderness. From the remains of the original timber still to be seen, we infer it was formerly covered with pine. A second growth of cypress, spruce, balsam, poplar aud white birch, succeeded the original forest. This has been again devastated, and for many miles no trace of vegetation can be seen. Northward from the shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, for a distance of from sixty to eighty miles, the surface of the country is much broken and disturbed, High ridges of rock, with intervening ridges of a greater or less extent, forming its general features. These ridges bear traces of mineral, and the valleys are susceptible of cultivation, and groves of timber are met with here and there. Between the parallels of 47° 30' and -17° 45' N. Lat., the surface is generally low and level, but few escarpments of rock, and few lakes, are met. Here, we are of opinion, a line of road can be obtained, to connect tho "Great North West" with our Province. into Iiake Te brai'ing the c EXPLORATION AND ; r IVEY OF THE MONTREa , ^•- ^R. The following is an extract from 1 . L, S. Forrest's prelimmary re, ■:• of this survey, performed during the present year, (1867). (A more detailed repor*. "x?.-. i,o be framed by Mr. Forrest, with his final return.) This survey was commenced on the River Montreal, at Mr. Sinclair's '»;;g point, in latitude 47° 56' 05' north, and extended down to the mouth of the river « ..:e it flows EXTRACTS FKOM UPPKK CANAPA KBPOKTS Of SUKVEY. 61 un;h, iiri'l difil- lui-rril/le aud ciueot. iliiili F;.:nniti.v rock, depth ol .land, ibapes, arc .he oi" f he liri») of ifter ;ind more 10 third to th(; it ot'eootioruio vth of scrubby the viiiioy of V larn;o spruce rvalf Altiiotst . limes, aud id lains 01 v/tiicli ;i the s))uj).0 of d and charred ;0 to 28 inches he parallel on ut northward, with the vast vfiloration, wc c:i the line of Superior, for he i'oot of the ave offered, if ey, we hoped 3, however, in he watershed, irned, being a il times swept erness. From covered with mcceeded the of vegetation of from sixty ligh ridges of leral features. Itivation, and ° 30' and 47° rock, and few 0 connect tha this survey, io be framed ■fcrliicg point, iflicre it flows J- * „„ nf one hundred and ouc and a quarter miles, em- into Lake Temiscamingue, .^^'f^f^hle miles bS. brru^ing the country on each side lor three muc Upper Section. xi. I, 1 «f V\V like a distance of twenty-one Extending from Mr. Sinclair's line to the hcaJ^^ ^^^^ ^ ehute (Indian ,„r,.. The river in this section is f}^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^^ are generally seven or eight feet Ohutc), with a fall of about twenty4hree feet the bauK k^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^, ,tain h Lh When not broken by rapids, the "ver has an avera^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ Skfty links to four chains with an average ^^ f se eu ^^^ g^^^.^^^.^^^ ;? aboni on. mile an hour. The soil in t^'B hbc^'"'^^ .^ decomposed vegetable matter ;^i.er, Where it is composed of aj.gh -dy^-;^ ,,„ p,,,, .,,. ..ch and pop- raVon\ho "dges, and "ruce an'd tamLac in the s-.aps ^^ ^^^^^^.^^ „f ,,, ,y "' °T immediate valley of the Montreal is a plain or Uble , ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^n ., for y feet above the level of the "V", bav ng a vid tU ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^''\^'^\l^: etbor side of this table land are ranges of hills, m^^^ J ^^^^^^^ j.^^^^ ^ general y n i, ..encrallv north and south, and rising g~'?. °"^ ^f importance discharges in o b :S Sd precipitouB towards the west. J^^^^ °J, J ^Z ' > hi"^ flows in from the west six ,Ue Montreal in this section, viz., ".^""^^^^^'i^fS being about fortytive feet with a int Vlow Mr. Sinclair's exploring line , ^'^Y'^.,, " but numerous small streams r th See feet and a -rent of about one .^^^^^ ,^b ^^^^.^^ Jd brooks drain the country on ei h r sul .^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ,„ breadth. large nor numerous, nor do they exceea , Middle Section. . , v.- from il.. l.»J «f ElU l.ke to tic foot »' /tL't'o'tllSToct."™ ^'Z^Z £. Iv. «ed tl,c country ^''Ji Jv^'^ '„tl^S »ta'ly '??'»'« "»'' which is the ;' Mocquin sibe "^ B^'^^;^^ J ^e branch. Elk lake at the Narrows, and tiie xem s Lower Section. th of the river, or where it discharges into Lake hundred feet. 62 EXTRACI8 FROiM UPPER CANADA RKPORTS OK SURVEY. Iho soil 19 principal y white clay, with a covering of vegetable mould. The timber U cedar ^^l' /'"'' ''i'"." ""*' ^^'^^ '''^"''' "'''P'^'' P^P'^V^Pruco, balnaiu, tania I'ae n-i cedar. Only a cw small streams or brooks drain (he country on cither side of the river in . this section, and fall into the river. India us. H„ f''*' ^°'^'^"^°*■''l°^^[ootrca' river aro numerous, and appu.r to bo much better ol\ id d wTh" '' • T "r '■'" "■'^"r"''''^^ "*' "'° <'"^^''' ^'^^y '^^^ well .iothed, and „ idcd with superior huutn.g im,,le,nents, which thry obtain from the Hudson Hav pis vi "frnT'^JL'^t; o'f tTif" ""' ^""S''"' peaceably inclined, and dwell in comL'trb o' hPZ ♦), ^r^ }^ .1 '''°eV^ "?»'»'y "W'"^' to their abstaining from into.xicatin- whi" kV ' "^ ^^'^ ^^^'P'-^^-V'" P«"Pl^'. who will not sell them any nm, oV' The waters of the Montreal contain an abundant supply offish, such as pike. Maskin onge, b ack bass, white-fish, chub and catfish. The fur-bearing animals appear'^ o be num- ou.^ and consist of the beaver, otter, mink, musk-rat. fisher, martin and^nx : ami traces oi bears and wolves were seen, but they do not appear to be numerous. iLr of two kind were met w, h, the common red - ^'^ Pt"'n£n, In conclu.siou, I may state that the valley of the River Montreal is generallv fit for settlement and quite capable of sustaining a considerable population; and thj' there every facility lor road making, either for purposes of settlement' or with a view to commu uications in a north-westerly direction ; and if the country north-west of my survey Tnd explorations is as favorable for the construction of either a waggon road or railway Is 1. route to the Red River country, north of Lake Superior. ^ I" SURVEY. blc mould. The timber is ruco, balsam, tamarae and either side of the rivor in n I' 10 be mueh better of} •e well clothed, and pro- 11 the Hudson Bay poHt.s, and dwell in comfortable linini,' from intoxicating' lot sell them any rum or h, sueh as pike, Maskin- mal3 appear to bo numer- n and lynx; and traces rous. Deer of two kinds Is of game arc very plen- Ige; also the ptermigan, itrcal is generally lit for lation ; and that there is r with a view to coinmu- wcst of my survey and n road or railway as the aring a short and good ^ -? ^:«f«% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k // < ^ :/. 1.0 If 1.25 2,5 la. Im ^ I4£ 12.0 u ^ 1.8 U. 111.6 ^ ^ V, iiiHiiAnnuiiK »«•/ Xt^ -"• ■1 I '^^M'ailnuMil ore rown Lands CoilliniNKioiMT €K)VERNMKNT MA1> "f part of rhe and OTTAWA TERRITORY UPPER CANADA (Jiu|>ited under the direction of 'Fhomas Devi lie FRGSivc SurvcjTar in Chief IJ.C. Scale 316 800 1866 t^nainnitinir: - ' — -J 1- — r, -1 1 !_. r _ 1 -t J,. 1.1 t 1 / i 1 r ---r-:3-;-:. V