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BiotogFaphic

Sciences

Corpcjration

^

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<^

23 WIST MAIN STRiiT

WEBSTiR.N.Y. 145S0

(716) S72-4S03

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o

Bee

CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM.

DHPAKTAiHXT OF AGRICULTURE.

OTTAWA. ...

f'A?CAI>A.

: n :

BULLETIN No. 11.

-: o:

hecommendations for the Prevention rf t.

some Common Insects of toepar,.tf^^' ^^
Orchard and the Gardem ™' "*'

: o : —

^^JAY, 1H91,

Ol

ni

hi
th

gi)

tht

Ollj

as 1
iti:

S"fe'

Jintl

Ott/

To the Honoiiraljlo

Tlio .Arii.ister of A-ricuItiuv.

'^'■'r'^ -. ''-'-."r',,, ,:;;':::"":

""« !'«» .n,,y bo ,„.„vo,„c.J l.y ,,,,,,.;„„ „„. „ '^ ""''' "'

enable lIuM-o-ulor fo ,. r- ,■ '*''"'' ^-^'^^ the illustrations, will

J 'lavo the honoui' to be.

Your obedient servant,

Ottawa, 15th May, 1891.

Wm. sauxdkhs,

Director Experimental Farms.

ri

u

n

Tl
mon

of 8C

re mo

insec

enqui

^YhQl

not oj

fu mill

Eeo

habits

as are

As 3

the vuj

more a

plant i

is not d

dations

RECOMMENDATIONS

f'Oli THK

'^^^ (IF li.DliliE ll)- .^1)1 (i))|i||)\- iv^fii^^

OV THK

FARM, THE ORCHARD AND THE GARDEN

BV

•JAMKs FLETCIIEU,

"""''"""'" """ *'""'«' '^ ^o.,u,uon E.,er,..,„„, ran...

The frequont enquiries for info..m..r
monost uM.l most njuri ,,, « t "'^7" concerning even the com-
'•o-Kler it advisable to i ^ , ^" ^^ '^" f'^ ^ ' --P^ and ft-uit.
of some of the n.,re in o ^t '7^ ''" '' ^
fomedies and eonvcniont' m ds o 'T' ^'^''"' "'^'^ "''^^'''^-^
insects treated of are thole v ,h I ^'' 'V"'' '^'" ^''''''- ^I'O
enquired about by my corresnon, \ """ '"o.st frequently

^;-o po.ibie, i^stta:::: r • ::; :;;::; ;^ ^-^ ^- ----

not only k„o.v the latest remedio.bu'uth 7 '""'"■"^^' '"'^^

-Tjconomic hntomo bi>v is iho i...,.,^ •
habits of insects with the ^k^ f I^'"' "' '^ ^^^^'"' ^^"^^ "^ ^^e
as are beneficial and of destrovinl T ^^ T"'. ""^ I>''o^ecting such

As year by year lanJ^T^f ^^T" '^'""'^ '^''^ i"J'n-ious

the various ^u-iourcr^i -2':; ::;:'''-^"^r"-'--'^^-tion

'"ore and more numerous a. the en I ? '^''''"' "'^'I'^^ ^^'''^ become
P'^^»t is extended. U is st m tL V'l^ ' "' '''''' '•^^•^'"'^^ ^<^^>''-
i« not diminished by a av '^eof af , '";" '^ '">-•«!> .^-wn which
^l^^tions of insect eZni.s ^n^^'^'^^^'^^^^^^ '>^' t'.e depre.

' '""•'^- ^'o some years runs up to one-

11

6

li.i.

fourth or onc-liiilf of tlio wliolo crop. Of this h)s.s there in ncxhuiht
thivt » hiijio ])rop()rtion can bo saved \<y the ntloption of Himplo
mothoils foiindeil on iconeial piiiiciploH, with wliieli all can oa^-ily
hecoino a(.'i|iiaiiitL'(|. For the ellectivo use of rmRMlics U) dnHtroy
injiiiioiis luHectH a certain amount of knowlotls^e of their Htiucturo
anil habits is Iiii^lily dosiiablo, ho that the most appropriate remedy
may bo adopted, and also that it may bo iiscil at the period when
the I'Doniy is most susceptilde of injury.

The lives of insects are divided into four well marked periods.
These are: 1. Tho egii;; 2. The caterpillar or larval stage, durin^^
which, as a rule, they are most injurious; 3. The ])Mpa or quiescent
stag'o, in which, except in a few orders, they lie quiet, and are with-
out the power of motion; and 4. TMio perfect insect. Some insects
are injurious in three of their stages; but tl\o larger number in one
only, 80 that unless wo try to know them in all their forms we may
lose tho best opportunities pi destroying them. It is clear that in
this warfare the one who possesses this iiiinrniation has a great
advantage over those who do not.

Insecls may bo divided into two classes by the nature of their
month parts. In tho tirst or larger ilivision. Biting Insects, they
are furnishetl with mandibles or biting jaws, by means of which
they consume tho substance of their food, as with
caterpillars, beetles, etc. In tho second class. Sucking
Insects, they have insteail of mantlibles a beak or
tube (Fig. 1), by means of whiidi they suck up their
food in a li(piid form from beneath the surface, as widi
the true bugs, plant-lice and flies, it is evident that
wilh tho insects of tho lii'st class all that is necessaiy is to place
some poisonous substance on tho food plant, which they will eat
together with thoir foul. With tho second class, however, this
would bo useless, for they would jjush their beaks through tho
poisonous covei'ing on the outside of their food-plant and would
exti'act tho juices upon which they live from the interior. For this
class, therefore, some substance must be used which will kill by
mero contact with their bodies. Now, for both of these classes of
insects we havo cheaji and available remedies, of which I will speak
further on. ^

Eeniedies for injurious insects are either Preventi^ ■ or Active,
and must bo applied in accordance with tho circumstances of the
case and the habits of the attacking insects.

>'»KVK\TIVK ItEMKI.IES.

vigorous a,.,l iK.d.l./.;^,.',: ,■''''' ' "^■'' ^^■•" •^^•"""h«' a
•"• f^'H., sociin,-, HO that n c. , Th I ? "^^-'-nulalin^s Karly

^-" "-^ "-y cann.. 4 " • y :'r''"'r' '" ^'"'' " ^•■"""-

obnoxious washes to Lo , ''"'";"""^' ""^••'""^'' '^ ^'"-'^•

^vl.ich k-avo (I.c ..•n.mul • n " """"' ^'''"'^^r-worm moths,
tnu.ks oru.es .oClheiro "!''"'"'■''' ^'"'''^ ''"'' ---'-,> thj

ACTIVE REMKDIKS.

bo ™;;:!^;;::„;;! .?i;;::;!::ir'^'r'ji "'' -r" -"'"* - -^

;'■-■ ■«»-•«"' J,o, a,„i .,;::];„„ J : »■;;'-" ""'■"■;.-«, n,

bust explained u„.lcr the .„v..,..,l " ? , " ""-"'"''» «•'" '«
ca.ion „f ,1,0 ,,,H,„H ia*,.r I ''"'■■ "'"'I'"-'" 'li« ap|.li-

APPARATUS

ii

8

account of tl.oir cuuHiir action upon tomlor vo^otntioh, als,. for
convonionco of .iintrihuiion. un.l to oconomirto tho matoi-ial in ii^o.
For dry ii|)|)Iicati(.Ms Huilal.lo diluents will ho found in flour, land-
plnslor, air-Hlala'd lini.-, and finely si(t..d ashos ,.r load-dusf.' It is
of tiuMitmost importunco that thoso Hhouhl 1... porlt-.tlv dry and in
a vory finoHtato ofdivision, HOAH to mix thoroiii,'hl\- with (ho in-
«oi-licido uso.1 and to allow of hoiu,!,' distiihiilod evenly over tho
plantK UH a very fine powder. Tho proj.er (inantitv„f (hediluent.s to
ho used with tho dilferont insoe(ici<los will vary with the insects to
bo treated and tho plantH to whicdi thoy aro a|")plied.

There are Hoveral insfninientH for di«trihutin<,' dry jmisons, such
as hellows, inseet-ijans. duslini,'-l)oxe.s, etc. Any operation re.iuir-
ini,' tho hody to 1.0 Itept for a h.n^r time in a sloopini-- posture while
walking soon lieeomos extremely tiresome. it is tlxMotore
nocossary for field application to dovi^o some means for disfrilm-
tin^' tho poison, .so as to waste as littlo a« posnihle of the material
and yet allow tho hody to be kept in ilH natural position. This is
best done by iilacing the powder to be distril„ited in a snmll ba- of
very fine mu8lin (twothicknosscs.ifnece.SHary), and then tyin^- l\Z to
thocnd of a short stick so that itHwin/^'H freely. It will he found that
by fappin- the ba- lightly with another stick held in tho other hand
thai theoperator can walk erect, and do Mui.h bolter work than by
stooping- along over his crop with an aching back. Prof. Lintnor
roc(.nimon(l.s "a tin box of a convenient bizo (half a pint), with a
cover, and having the bottom covered with wii-o gauze— the' box to
be fastened to a kI ick about three feet long. With this a i)0!'son can
walk along the phvnts to be dusted, and by gently striking the
handle with another small stick the powdoi- ciin bo uniformly dis-
ti'ibuted with tho greatest ciire." Dry mixtures shotdd bo applied
when plants aro wet with dew or in still weather. It is found by
oxporicnce, however, that during tho spring months, when insecti-
citles are most needed, there are often poiiods of several days when
these conditions do not occur. It therefore becomes necessary to
apply the poisons in some other way, so that the material ma^' be
evenly distributed over the plants to be protected, and not blown
away by the wind. For this purpose mixing with water and
spraying is the most convenient plan, and thoi-e are a great many
kinds of pumps and other appliances for the purpose. After con-
siderable experience I have come to tho c.onclu.«,ion that it will
repay anyone who has to apply insecticides to go to the expense of

P'-^'f-'Mln^ a jM.ir of ,„„,,or l.oll

•»ws fur .Irv

onJinnr

lea

y ^vafonll;;; can

vcH, which aro i

whi

";'• 'Such malvo-shifj
^vIiNp. of |,.,v

iiuxiiijvs an. I a for

CO

•<Ks.

tiiiio aii(i mat

'«''l'i«'n(ly ii,tM|, aciiiall

c'MitrivaiK
Immk-I

or

motit:-

ivll

t'l'inls than u'onld

y <"os( fill- 111,, I

fact

•"I t'» vvhich, whoii (I

i"»y i'ov till) host

«'M as

U'H ot'

t* ill wasfo.l

'>0' »"jr ollodivo.

If worlv is doii,, it

special iiisfr

'•' lu^ithor sati.

PfMI'S AND OTHKR

F(

AV

"l*<liy np|.lii-:ilioii.s (1,0 "W

u.'STitrm.Tojis

f.o,iason. 451 K„st Caml

<»"<J">'m |.,.|!ow.." rna.Ic l.v Tho.

most hii,dily rcco

81

and

iiiiiK'niloil. I

"■'•' >'''i''H, iMiiladcl,,!

W

'•^■^IH'.'tively. Til.

'"Hasoii at..miz,.r," for tl

' Is mad.' ill t
^iiiiu' tiriii al

"», I- "110 of IIm'
u-o si/c-s, wliich sell at

"• iiiiiiiiillK'tiircs (li

» ^iiiall scale. I

^izos arc iiccossarv. Tli

or iiiorcoxtciisiv

K' ajiplicat

^"T'-''""ioiisr..rcf]Mim,,>',,f

'/'" •"■ " li'iiii.l s,„ay ,1,

81' 1

'> S.) t\)V

'>*o can lie PI

Sinai

oiir Canad

lan sci'(lsini.|| y

"aiHi immps. These

pi'ociiic I at prices 1

Kill

various

HprayoiN, coiisistini;- of
"orcc-pumi) 'i".! spra

C)

Jifo ohtainaldit }

y ii-^ftiilinacliiiit'sarctlic "K

roin nioHt of

hack

iind are vciy con^

a tank of 4 or T) nail
pni^'iiiM^ iiozzl.' atiachcd. Tli.

^''•"P^ ns caM.a.jcs. t

wii'iil lor tho treat

Miai)sack "
ons capacity, with a
T "i"^' carried on tl

inoHt hi.(hiy spol.

, turnips, ot.-.. as well as f

niont .,f low-.-r

""■•^'1 I'v AlbinsoncVTnish

veil .if are. tli.- "(

'»r small fiiiits. OftI

10

owin;^'

iaij(iwa\- s,

i>-<'.: C.)«t. S14. AnotI

ojm.2()2GFo„rtoontl

'laver,

lose

maniiliic-

Ki

"''• maehme which is hiV|,|

I street, Wa^iiinof

"II.

'••psacicmamifactUi-elbyil.eFieM J

which sells for (I

expensive macdi

10 same p; ice. A

^'l".y approved i . the
'>i'ce-pnmpCo..ofLockpon,

'I'o IS the '-Euiek

II cxcellpiit bnt

"lelni'd, X.J.: Cost, $21

m

ni.ii'o

All of tl

^''■'""'■«1""'>^'>'-I<' mentioned furtl

or fiel

»i-vvork larger iiiachi

KT on.

''*lo l.y Adam Weaber
icseare siij.plied with tli

in the market. The Field 1-

lies are necessary, andtl

Porfection

'^fcc-pump Co. mam,

lore are several

Ills an extra discdiarge I

P""^p which can he attached;:; ill

sdiTod up in the barrel

.go hose by which the

'Jif'tiii'o for S12 (I
>arre|. Th

10

IS pump

poison iskept cnn>(aiill

anti London Piirj)|

vinost imp„rtant thing will, J

^"•KN.Y., al,so8ond
tioiKoallodfhe "Standard i,

0 mixtures, (r.ndd's 3Iannf:

aris (creen

ly 1)0 htted to the t

oil! a machi

Mlbl

110 which has oiv

icturingCo.,ofS

uiiDie-aeti

oneca
on uroiit s.niisfac-

tubes. It coats ahont 314

«P '"• si.lo of a barrel, and

ni,' Sj)ruy Pump." This al

HO

c'omploto. TheNi.Kon.\ozzl

lias iw.j discharge

i-':indi\Jaoliine

li i:

10

Co, of Dayton, Ohio, make Uvo .nnchinos which a.-o hio-hly pral-ed
by all who have tried them. The hvrgoMho "LittleGi^mt," co i^t
.^^rir' ""' ;vith fb,.ce-pu.p, and i. n,ountcd on^h ^^^
I can be d awn or pushed l.y mean, ofn handle and driving wheel •
but for nse in an orchard the tank can bo talcen off the wills 'nd
mounted ,n a waggon. Cost. 8.5. The .an.e company .^t^^t
n a„e. machine, the '' Climax Tripod No. 2," which 'sells for $ 5

enn,l b^v 'T"T "''f ?V" ^"'^-' ''H^-'^ ""d shipped in a very
small box It can be attached to any kind of vessel or tank hv

nc r " "'"'"'• ' '''' '' '''^''''^''y '^'^^^ -here pumps

and spraying apparatus are to be obtained that I have givJn the
addresses of the above tlnns who have sent mo their catalou A
good pump, called the Orchard and Garden Force Pum I m.dt
by W. Robertson, Oakville. Ont. I do not know of' .my o" •
Canadian firms manufacturing these special forms of apL^tus

t:iZ:::::jf 't "^r''^''^'' °"^^ womd do weir :::;

101 catalogues before deciding on purchasing any particubir
machine, so as to procure the mo.t suitable. part.culai

NOZZLES.

tic^'j r^ '"''""''T' '"'■'^' '' ^''''^'"' ^•^'■^^-P"»^P. i" the distribu-
tion ot poKsonous apphoations, is a proper noz.le, bv means of which

nVr;l no 1'''^'^' r''- ^^^^^ '^'^y ^^y^ '^ ^'^ ^'->"-'^'

Z^Zi^V "' """'^y ^•^".^•••••^tion of the volume to be thrown;

gicatest atomizing power with least tendencv to clog; facility of
cleansing, or ready separation of its component parts choaimLr-
e^imphcity an<l adjustability to any anc,|e.'' ^'eapncss ,

There are a great many spraying ",ozzles in the market-some
good some decidedly otherwise. The best of these are the Jey
01 Cj clone, with its various moditications, and the Xiy>n Prof
J. B Smith says (Bui. 75, X. J. Ag. Col. Expor'r. Station) :--rho'

oit::;7: ' ?'■""■'' ' '^^-"«-^'"'^ ^-- ^'-'i"^ the nozzle

o obstructions, is the most widely applicable for spravin- low
phin^ and bushes, like cabbages, pumpkins, currant^ bi;ci;bc ^
.na others. Tins projects a tine spray in an eddy from a central

fore bl'"'' ''''^''\!''''^ •";"^'^« " P^-^^^'t and, for a short distance,
foicible spray, l-astened to a rod of convenient length, and sot at
an ar.gu, with the rod, all parts of tho cabbage can bo thoroughly
^^ct in a few seconds. All who have ever used this nozzle are

IV

Co!! Lockpl;.!,' 'kv/' '' ■"'"""■""""■"l h- .1.0 I.-i»I,| F„,.co.p,„„„

The Nixon nozzle is eomllv r-ni,. m ..
'•ange of work. The tZ ' 1 '"'^'f'/"'; '^ ^^"^'^-hat different

nipple again.! a screen tX olDlT "''r''' '' ^'"^" ^«"^'-''^l
there into a fine spniy en'' ' 'f "^,7^"'''^'^-. "'^<' is l.roken
"i'^hed by the Xixln No. I 3 '/"f -"'V^^ ^-ce. This is iu,-
nozzle for oix-hard use ^^'"'^'"'^ ^'^■' ^'"^^ ^^ '^'» excellent

The question of elovitln,,. ♦!

t-Msmo,.eiyone:i^s ;:?S;,:r ^^"^^'^ ^''^^^^-^

one end of a small hr-iss or ?l , ''"' -^^ P'P« «i the pump to
other end, an<. n.n4g "h ^^'^ r"'"^ "^ "'^^^'^ ^^''^^
bamboo or other ,. .t po le o fl e^" ".'^^^ '' "^^ «'^'^ «0 a
shaped waBher. cut out of hid 1 . TT""^ '"''^^''- ^ ^^«^'«-«-
nozzle, will prevent the r ft r 'i' ""' 'Z'^'"' •'""■^^ '^^"'-^ ^^n>
the operator! ^ '" '''''^'^"« '1'"^" the pole upon

REMEDIES.

For convenience of reference in ih^ i..h

two to use on vegetation Tre !','''' ^' ^'^^ ^^•'^^^"'' ^^ the
by .ome who have^,sed i^ ..nd U J ' ^n"''"' " ^■^'>'^' P^'i-^^
than Paris Green, on a co n oi U o'r "'-'^' ''^ ^'""^
with Bordeaux m xtn.ran of . " '' ^-» tains, for mixing
t.'oatmentofinsect^;;;nC^t^/""^-^'- '"" ''' ^'"'--^
"11 mandibulate or biting ins? ',« iuUsT " ' ""'^ '•^"'"'^' ^-•
and the domestic animal^ f'.e'mn t t. r'^' '""''^'"""■^ ^'^ >"'"^
it out of the reach of children fX'/"''''^' ^" ^^''^'«» ^" '^'eep

It' applied too stro:i'^;::;;;s;rt^X;^/r-

tractive. Some plants are much nor! n '" *'''^ ^'^^'•>' ^'««-

nites than others it thorefb," 'ecol "''^^ ^' ^"''"'■'^' ^^' ^^^« '^^^'-
cantion until the quant t-trn'r^ ''''T7 '' ''' ^'^«'" ^^"'^h
known. For a^.p/e tre . m l^' f'-^^'"^ ''^ '^ ""'^^"'-^ P'-^'^ i-"*
to 50 gallon, of wate ^^^ ^^ ;^ T ^^ '^ ''■ '' ^^^''^^ ^'-"

the ^--trength; buta^st tn^^f IHeilde ^'h''^^ "^^''^

ungues aie tenderer than others

12

Mderable risk of i„u,rv m„° ' ' """" "'" t-" ™"-

tlneo times in , e „ pl'n'r ''.'""T''^ '" 'P™^ '"" <"•

.■ocl..eod in sl,,„,'u, ■'"" "I'l"'^'""""' of the poison shcl.l bo

a ':^^^: r: iT'x:- r^v"'" - »-'= '-'"■

wi.h .he lar«or-a,.o„„, of Cj; j;', -L?"'' "'^^^^-""^- ""-^

«. .1.0 Ii,„id begin, .„ drip ft.„,„ „,„ L^veT ' '"'""•" •''' '■°""

"dvitelX^dJiUioITf::..;;'';? "'' "r--'-'-. P-f. BUey
flon- seem., .0 Iceep 11,0 p„i.„„ ,„,„ „„,; , effeoT'm tl'l i;,,'

will be found difHcl ,^ n, ,1 ; . '^ n """ °"'°'' '"•"'="«'ie* it
a.cabba,e,Sv.ede ,i„ ; mLM'"T, '" "T '"»""•'■'"''
»ixins n li.„e soap wl. h , le ™ e ,1 ' LT^ '" °™';™'".^ ''^
Paris Kieenmay bo mixed with Inn ■. '''J' "PPl'^ations,

d.,Ma.,,,,a.o(ai.s,ar;v:;:«r:™-,:'s';:,i':;f''^

such insects a, nh t H " . "''" '""""■'"^ valuable against

bos. .o^ri'tcrr^nitbrs. b::;-';:"' '-"''''■ ^^°

Kerosene (coal oil) 2 gallons. '

Eaia water, 1 gallon.
Soap, ^ lb.
Boil the soap in the wifpr ti' nii • i- i .
ing hot turn t into .hi dissolved; then, while boil.

adhere to .he suri J ' ' I i,,''! !""»""' ^^ I'-'f-' i' wiil

As it cools it

„,i, X ,, -^ ^' ^^ '^"<- cinuision

adh re to the surface of glass without oiliness

thickens into a jelly-like mass. This o-ives thp" ~t. i "' ^"7- '"

wMeh ntust bo diluted .,„, „i„e iinres irs':i:;;:e t':,:7^Zr

13

before usini,' on vegetation Ti.« i

e-ulaion wil, mnutT^J'^^^^^T^ ^"-'tity of 3 gallons of
«ma„ openings along thei? sid^ The trJr^!' ''"'''' ^^'-'»h
'S to suffocate them, by stopni„;.. u. ^ "^ ^"'''''^'^ ^'»"'«ion

Jir. W/ute muebore --Th 1 ^ "'' ^?"^^^'"«' l^°^'-«.
powdered rootn c,f Veratrum alj u^,'"^'^ J>oison-tho finely
eating insects of .n.all fruits esneci.liv 7 ^I'^^'^^'l ^oMhe leaJl
very poisonous to i„..ets it c.n he ^ ^ ''''"? ^'''''- ^"^-^"gh
would bo dangerous. It'c n b n, t '' ""' ^'^"" *'- ---Ss

table h^L^:-;^-;;;;;^^^^ anothe. vege-

tren^eiy active in its^;;;;;:;;;^;^::,^-;^^^

harmless to human beings a„i t L .' f T' '' '' P'-^^'tically

--d flo.vers Of .omo phl^Us I gi f t';""'""^" ^^ ^^ ^he pul.e"^
>« useful for many household pe tT fs 1 ^■''^"! ^^'•^^^'■""^. It
a 1 of which are cjuichly atlect i It ', "l'''"^^ ^"^^ ^^'-•^P^'^,
hrown into the al of a ro^n bv" ^ '•''^'"^' '"^ ^"^^^" a^ant t;
bf ows, or by a small quanUtWa 7^ ^"' ""''""" ^^ ""^'^
'jjilowed to ..mouldo.-. I^ see ''to h^"'-^ '"'' '^"'^'' ^"^
breathing organs of insects. W le^p .cti'"T "' f '^^ "^'"" ^^-
gives the best results. If mixlr u^M ' '' ' ^'^■^' ''^^''^'^^tion
comn^on flour, and then kept in a i^h '- Z .'""'' ''' ^^^^^"''^ ^^
four hours, the mixture wi 1 kill no ll.,, '^'"''^ ^''' ''"''^^'7-

to, and in this stroi.-th been no .k^ "^^ ^'aterpiHars it i. applied
Of the Imported C^bb^e ^^t "ir""'^ ^ ''' '^'^'^
with water, 1 o^. to 2 gallons of 'i;. '' "" "'^^ ^« "-^ -ixed

V. Alkaline Washes.~A wash i-nt n
"oto^ by P.of. Saunders in i. "j?, ';/'"^^" ^"^^^''-^ ^ tbat
and consists of -soft soap reduced to h •^"'''"' ^^ ^^^'^its/'

by the addition of u strong so .Lo 'T"^^"^« ^^ thick pan t
applied during the morning o^rH^nr''" "''r" "''^-- ^^

;^-f«l as lunticipared i^^om i'L' pl:;^;.?'?"'^*"^^^ ^ ^---'Iv

hawa-,r^„ u.... ^ . 1'" powerful odour T>.,.*' a t ^ .'

ment

fi'ui

Carbolic Acid Em

t-grower or lover of shad

xten^ively with it and clai
e ti'ees can afford to b

»'«Jon. He says: " I mak

m« that no
'e ignorant of the

tl

e It just as J do th(

II 'I I

III

i

u

oft sc:^>Tr rir'rT'"' ■'" ' ^^"•^•^ ^^•^'^^-''^^^ -•"^-■' (^ a-

t , ';T This ; r . "fP' " ' ^'!"°"^ ^^"^''^^^) ^^ Of the proper
st.ei.^t 1. ih.s ,s the best preparation 1 know of to protect a-ainst
the apple-tree bark-lice and apple-tree borers " l^'^^'-^t-'^^^'n^t

It 18 applied to the trunks and larger limbs by means of a stiff
brush or cloth about 20 days after the trees bIoss<;!^n '^

Carbolic Acid AYash.-Prof. Cook also reco.nmends for radish

-,-,aiionboiua.er, to which, when heated to the boilin- r.oii f 1
p.nt of crude carbolic acid is turned in. For use me mr of 1 •

plan once a week from the time they appear above the grou d

<"Hu.e.t as a deterrent remeci;;;:f£^::^ies'^ ^^ "'' '' '' ''''^
-intu^r^t '" '7 ""' ^- a long time f.. fumigating

joc^i.. could be made ./ b^ii^t^n T':u!;nf^z:^o":r:;!

1 pint of hqu.d contained all that could be extracted from it Til
piant-Jice, flea-beetles and other insects ^

15

Fif!. 2,

PAr.T rr.

1; The America.v Fkit Ft v rn..- ■
-" '»«ect wluel. ],as only Loo^ i^!:!? '''■':^^'''^' -LoonO.-This is

^ «"t; but it seems tobevor "i V '"' '''''^^^y ^^"'^'•ked

«tem,,iust beneath the suHh ^of n " '^'' ^'''' "^" "">

>t passes the winter i„ the samcT i, ' r^"'""'' ""^' '''^" ''"^'^

pupa ,V inc-h in Jen:.th ofhi 1 '"'T^''"" ^'^ » P^'lo brown
tied, at Fig. o -'''' "^ ^^'^--^''^'Po .^hown. greatly magni-

lieviedies.—Jjutil m,,.-,. • >
6U.bble soon ,,f,e,. ,h„ „,,,,, i, ;", '"'"'■" ''«"! CO m,n;,«-ing „(

1'2' ^"'fy. "- i»'i-- u! b:,, ; : ';, ■; ",',"v"'"' "- vol,,,,,:.,.

ovorcomo ll,c i„i„n.. •"'" "'" '"■'li'lbe injured pl„n,„ ,o

farmorMo ebe necessity of „,,,,' i',<'-'™'lJ;»Uict,h,,,.,w«ke,,od
ho ond of J„no who,, ,„e hnloUheJ.",, "'' ?"""»' •^'"™'- '-<''>'<'

perfect insect,, f„™in» ,|,e ^^ ;' u 1!"'"' ""' '" ''■""«"■ '-TLe
J«»t» the second 0^ of X^' ^T^'""'^^''"""' ">egmund

he clover "-.aenterthogronnd „,",:• " "'"' ""'•'■ '"'"o
"» -- .-i,,,,,,. „. .^„ ,„:^ -.-;ho w.;-a„d e,,,e,,o again

I:

!-■

EO

J'ig. 3.

16

«■..«„ fu„' ,^,.„:::°:,: : :;:,rr,t,f:" ^r« '^■

brow,,, vvl,e„ ,„„y ,,,e,„b,„ t m;"' oUr T ""
ohan^e to small »n,„ky-wi,„-oU ..„af; ,vl I '"■'"'

spring „,„| aahimi, T/.,. „ , f ' ''' "PP™r «

no .io..bt U.ao ,?""'""" .o™" "I'"" 'l>«ro is

- r«.„,„i,„, „:t,:;;;;';,'"°'"""°" »' *e damage

0.- puix« Will l.e destrov^d a ten >". '''' ■^' "'""^' "'' '^' ""'^ ''''^'

the .tubhlo chVoctly "tl 0^;^"'^ ""''""'' ' (iii.) Han-ow
crop for the flics to lay tl.oir el """ ' ''^ •'" '° ''^""^ ^ ^^'^''^eer
i" eady in Se,>te,ubo..f ' Ann,?:""" I';. ''T '' '' ^^'-^^''-^
help . .ea. o. i.,.ea l,\J^^Z^ llj^r'"^ ^" ^^^""^ "

e.y active beell^" cK^;!':^'; ^"^'^ --^'' brownish-..^,

ong, M Uh two conspicuous black spols on

^eodpea.einautnmnorinspnng:ieavi';

i^e 3 oung pod and the grub eats its vv^ay
nito ,be pen,, where it pa.sses all its stages
F.g. 4. emerging ,he sumo autumn or the folltw:

7> ,. ing spring.

Jiemedtes.—n-), Clean spwI Of . •
fested seed. When wee ik ^""'^ ^"ipoi-tance is sowing unin-

Boon after^v.^s an 1 '; .P"'r 'r.r"'" '"' ""''' '^'^ ^^^^^'^ '"^erge

-til the youn^ ;: ;r : r nt'^^^'^''^^^^ ''^^^^'^^

weeviiy pe.se a°e almost as o-ood for .' '"'"''""'^ ""^^'^^^ ^^'^t

the insect will not thrive t ^t^r;:^." 7;:;:f f"' r ^'^^

of weev.ly pease as seed is a great mis^itl f[ ''• ^^' ''^^^
large proportion being as -t rul! , / "^ S^'^ ^f a very

germinate produein.. wVa - nl^ ' t .''T^' ""^^ ^^^'^^ ^^^^h do
extreme cold (below 15^ bi o' "ero F^^f ' ' '"'^ '^""^ *^^^
weevils in tuo' samples of p a e won fi' '"'"'^-'^^ '^''^^ ^'-
1 - pease, it would be a most unjustifiable

vei

tho fir«tyear iron, the infected sp..? ' *^ ''^''' ^^>« "*«P «-<'ovvn

hero aro several ways of dostm 1 fh '' ■"""' '" '^« ^^'^^'^^
•emedymostwidelynsedbvsoor 1 ^ the contained insects. The
;« to place the seoj to be t ol "' ''"''' '''' '''' ^'^>" venieno

when fxpciscl to the air in,! ,1, """• "'i" choiiiical vn|,orL,

cover a,„i keo,, it iigh„„ ei„;° ', , f""" " °" ""> "*, l"" o„ the

Phi.l« doe. not !„ja,»U.e'^^:t. "':?":*''''' '"""'■ ^"^ '"-'-
™ro, on account of it, extrcn, i2„ Z' ''. '^""" "" "'"' "'"'

explo„on will „ceu,, ° "»"' '""" bo hrought nea," it or a„

;n '-^^ of canvas o? ^tro ;;^' ", " l'^ f '^ '^ "--'» --">
will emerge and dio before the ee/ f ^'^ '"'''''' *^'« ^^'^^'^'i'

(iv.) Holding over Seed P "''^''''"^ ^'"^- «'>win^-

y- atte,. har4tin; ^^J:;^;":::^^';-^^ ""'^' ^'^^ --"<'
sorted out befb,-e sowing. ^ ^' "^ '^"^ defective seed can be

-^4^:!; i^ri!!:::^^:::^ h:,:?^" ^^^^^^'^ ^^ ^'- «- of

;^'ovv..ed by placing the seed in oa Ur IITV'' "^"'''^ ^^ ^-
It must, ho>vever, be sown or d, ed ' "^""^''^ before sowing.

^^«t«^-- ^ '"' ''' ^'^'^^^ ^^'hen taken out of the

». Wiiea Midge, '■'V\^e«vil" ^n- / •
™ali reddish n,a„,,ot,, J nchlo^f'^.^'^,. "•'"«■. Ki'by)-Soveral
- eat in theearand c^u"™; t :^';: ", ^*';« -onn.l ,ho grain, of
full grown, fall to the sronnH T„T S^e of those, when

-*oo. 0.he.re™ai,:ift^e.r"ofwrat"■^"""r ^""""'^ "'«
the grain. «t wheat and are harvested with

■Remedies,— .(i.) Bu

,"g machine particularly in local

'•";^'i rubbish and screeni

(>j.) Deep ploughing

2

ities where the mid
«« «oon as the crop is carried

ngs from the thresh-

ge IS prevalent :

i

ill

,1

18

G WiiEAT-STEM Maggot (Aleromyza Americana, Fi(ch).-A c.IasHV-
greon blonder maggot, ^ inch long, which attacks the bat of tl

Frf^"'" ""' "' ■-■"■"-'-I 'o.- No. 1, ,h. A„,o,.ic,,„

INSECTS INJUfiroUS TO FEUITS.
r Apple Apkis (Aphis mail, Kab.O.-Dunns tho winter snvUl

Apple Worm.— ;See Codling Moth.

8. Beautiful Wood .Yvmph (^urfrya. ^ra^a, Fabr.).-On ,a-ape

vines may be found, in the month
of August, highly coloured cater-
pillai-s with the body blue, rinired
with orange bands and fine black
linos, head oiange and the whole
body dotted with black tubercles.
■Fig. 6. These drop to the ground
Fig 5 "^^^^<^" fiiH grown and turn to rouffh

„ ' ' hiown pupa> beneath rubbish or

near the surface of the ground. In the following spring the beauti-
ful moth shown at Pig. 5 appears. The
upper wings are ci'eamy-white and seal-
^__^ , brown; the under wings, deep yellow,

Fi^o. bordered with deep brown.

iilemerfy.—Hand-picking is usually pi-acticable. Where vei-y
numerous, Ppraying with white hellebore or Paris green may be
used. (Remedies I and III.)

^- Canker- WoPM^ /■ a •
"1 ^-'noipjllars wliiVl. off. i

^ .^ __ ^ I'-oos, a,„I ;i,k.h •„■! "''>•'"

females of both kinds -wo ^.tn , '^"^'""" ^^''-'J^er-wornr T.

.n.o With ft,,, g,.e„„, I p„ 17 ":,;;;';%;"« "-"•-» m .i.. «„.„;;

10. CoDLLvo MoTFT rn
■»'« "f I pound ,„ 300 g„„„„, „f ;™/;'". '""> Pan. «roo„, at ,|,e

mi

i!

Saw-

24

20

II. Kall Web-Wohm (^Jlyphnntria cunea, r)niiy)._Tho im-

xi^'litly \vol)M mado by coloniott
'>t' lliia iiisoc't at the tops of
livanches upon fruit and shade-
tieos in tho autumn arc well
known to every one.

J?c//icJ(Vs.— The e,i-'^^8 arc laid
by the lemalo moth (Fig. 8),
during- June, and tho webnaro
genondly noticeal)lo in July
J'^roin the habit those cater-
. pillars have of always loniain-

ing insi.lo the web until n snort time before thoy change to puj.uvm
easy way (,f dealing wi'h this i.ost is to cut off the web and destroy
the contained caterpillars by crushing them underfoot. It not
attended to before they leave the web, of course, spraving tho trees
with Pans green will destroy this as well as all otlier leaf-oatin.'
insects. *

12 Ff,AT-riF.Ai)ED AiM.LK-TUEE BoREB (Clmjsobothris femorata.
tab.)— During Juno and July very active bronze booties, about

half an inch in length, and of tho shape shown
at Fig. 9, d, may be found laying eggs upon tho
trunks and large limbs of apple, mountain ash
and othei- trees. These eggs soon hatch into
the curious flat-headed or horse-shoe-nail
shaped grubs shown at Fig. 9, a. These, atter a
time, eat into the trunk and bore broad and
flat tunnels, which seriously injure the tree.
i?me(/i/.— Undoubtedly the best remedy for this and all other
borers which, as a rule, conMne their depredations to a certain
part of a tree, is of a preventive nature, and consists of applying
an alkaline or poisonous wash to tho trees just before the time the
eggs are usually laid. For this purpose Remedy Y or VI should
be applied in the beginning and at the end of Juno.

13. GIrai'e-vine Flea-beetle (_Graptodera chalybea,
lllig). — At the time grape-vines are beginning to
expand their buds a blue- black flea-beetle, | inch long
is sometimes very abundant and injurious from'
destroying tho buds and undeveloped flower-bun-
ches.

Ficr. !t.

I'itr. 11.

21

fi'iiiC'li.!.-.. " !'•'"" ll'i-' >vlnl,-i-, a,c (I,., |,„,,

™-"io- "f .he ,..„,,„ ,,';„.,:,:;;;:;,.; z "•"■«

C'oeiH'r. Like tl„> .,.( "'''"tnl.il \ ii:.'ii„;,„

I _ J^lKC 1(10 I.I.S).11U"I1(I„|1,.|1 illM>(.( i, „.,

«'!-. ,1,0 ■,!;«.',:;;:;:,'"''''■'•'■'■■" ™<'".-i.

tulcl l,v II,, „.|,i„ ., , ' l>r.!-0Mc„ i,

Iravo, 't , , ''' '''""■'"•■' "l<l>c:u„nc,. ,„■ ,|„.

-"■ i--o.-o„oo,„,.,:,':;. ' zz:;!i: "■■"■"""'■°"^ »■- "'---t

15. I.MI.()IITKD Cl-I{IUNT-HOR,.-p / A' • ..

i" Juno a boautitnl UUloT^JtTT'''-^'''"''' J^)-'^"'.Iy

bands .ounali;;'!:^;;^^;.;:'^^

'"^•■■^t troubloscne enemies ofH '^ '' "'" "^ '^''
K ,. injnnous (o ,.^ ,^ 7''7 '^. ''- ^-n ^-. more

v.rie.ies. Tl.e e,,-,-, ^re laid n^f^H \ '"' '''" ''«'' '"'"'' ''^^^^^-
caterpillar when iKdehod ^u.' ' !^ ^'"; ' ;: ^'"'^"^ '''>< ^-1 tl.o
pith. It renuuns in the w d 1 uZ M ' ^'?-'--"h1 destroys the
next June. '"""- ^'^« ^^''"l^"'', an.l cMncM'^res the

out ,,,,.1 dortrovod. I,Hli , Zot.f, '■•■'•'"■1""»'- ■""»' l« l".nl.xl

f i«"t .ban thi, in.„e,.' C, : . "°r '"'" "'"" '^ '""» I--
"lie perfect insects, ivblcb ■,r« ., I; m '''"" "■'''■""'• ""'>' '" -'"•0',

-«.^..«.™.bo,,cat;:;:::^::;^s-:;-^-w^

i:

22

ESS -7="^^^^

F,„. ff.n . , . . " Nhowcr, or whon damp with (low

- A N„no ..n.oht not at fi.st roc,,i,MUHO us insect, tl.o little

.o„ghno.ssos on tho l)ark of upplo trees shown in I-^.. 13
Sue,!, howovor they are. and extremely inj.uions insects
"<'. Then- Ide history is peculiar. About the IstJuno

n.'v.:te wute nut.-liIco insects, with six legs, emerge from
-noa.h ho ...ules on the baric and for tw?, o. thrjo days

m. "l;o.itscekmgf„rasuitablepiaco toattach themselves,
i boy then pierce theyouny bark with their beaks :• ul live
'•n the sap of the tree. They never move from that place
'Mvun .1 he waxy scale is gradually secreted, and bv
August (ho insect has iransformed itself into a scale
covering a cluster of eggs. These remain unchanged

on'thlith V ^:f^t ;:::;' t t' """^' ^^"^^^ -^^^^

adontPd f^^- L I • ^'^'fected, therefn, ., n.^asuies should be

adopted fo inducing a vi,orous growth, as woU ...^ -,.• n^o rem. - r
o the scale insects. Spraying just befor • . : oua. open with

and again at the time the young lice are active, for at this time
h y are most susceptible to injury. Scrubbing the trunks
b aches of young trees with alkaline washes (K^emedv V nl V

, he winter or early in spring will also keep down the num-
'■ 8 oi t;i;s pernicious insect.

^i Pear-tre.: ^uvo (Selandria cerasi, Peck\-Tn June and
^^uguBt slimy greenish-brown slug-like caterpillars, J inch long.

>/i'-(V^

I'IR. 1.1.

» -pb- >vm, ,. i,.„„' fzz^'z:^:^^ '"""" '""'" '» »"•"'•

I'-l'"!*;" 11.0 l,„„ll„« vvl,k.|, f„l| nnJ, ''" ""'"■1 »'■ "™o«„rv to
. O' h>0 y„„r, „l„„„, .1 ;; I , """O"""' «n.l .le„ ,„^„,|. "'""'
'■ 200 K„ll.,„, ,„■ „,„, „„ , ■ ''^ o™o,l, wit,, p,,,,.. .„.„„ Pj I

20. Kas,.„e„„^ ,j„„,,„ '™> "W" 'l.«y m,Ht bo ,-,.pc„„ 1.

a,„i„,.„ „„„ „,„ b„ t„ ,; "'^ """P- "■ tl,. <o ,,„ ,,.
P™Uo„, two ,.„„, of p„„„ ' " ':" ''••'r-' »' rh« fa.lcd

tto oe„t,.o „f ,1,0 g,„,„ ,„ ' " ""yoang g,„l, eat» i,» „„, j„,„,
(f ;«. 1.^) o„,or«„» tl,„ „ex, .„.*,"'""«; ;■'''" P»*c' "«oct
'-■"■mg tl„.oe l>lack;p„t« I, ' ,1^° ''°" " "'« ''«ly JoHow and
■7'^ aro ,„i,o co,,;'i!,;,''2''":ir''™''' "?'■"''• "'^'"""'^O

P'okod off. Thoy separate f

wh

tho grub J

'1 .'*ecn Bhoiikl at

en removed the o-u-dled

las

'^"i bitched and bored down

'■^m the cane with a light'touch
Port.on should be examined

i'Uo the ,<tem

once be

and

to Kee that

I'^^^l

24

est wh,ch attects the young wood of raspberries similarly; but'
do s not produce the two rings of punctures. This is the 4 ,g

un erta T^^ "''^'^ ''^^ ' ^'"^"^^ ^^^ ^" ^^« "-' ^^ <>- ^f S,

grown, and then changes to a brown puparium inside the stem.
...r. . T , a time the young cane turns black at the tip and

than he last, where it occurs, because it burrows furth r down the
«tem before the indications of its presence are visible
22. Easpberry Saw-fly (Selandria rubi, Harris). -About the
time raspberi'ies are in flower the leaves are
noticed to bo riddled with small holes. On
examination this will be found to be the work
of a green, bristly caterpillar (Fig 16). From
the close resemblance in colour to the leaves
on which they feed, these caterpillars arc sel-
dom recognized as the cause of the injury.
They disappear irom the canes before July, and'
form oval cocoons beneath the ground. From
these the perfect insect, a small, dark four-
winged fly, | inch long, appears the next May
Memedij.-Spnnkle the foliage as soon as the caterpillar's work is
detected with white hellebore, ] oz. in a pailful of water
23. Easpbkrry Plume-moth {OxyptiUis nigrociliains,'zd\ei-) -
In June another small caterpillar, somewhat like
• the last, but with flner bristles and of a paler green
colour, may be found injuring the foliage in a\-ery
similar manner to the last. This, however turns to
a very beautiful little moth, bronze, doUed with
silvery white (Fig. 11), which may be foun.I flying about the canes
in July.

Hemedy.— The same as for No. 22.

24. ."Red-iiumped Caterpillar ok the Apple ((Edemasia con-

cinna, Sm. Ab.)— Late in summer
arge clusters of voiacious waxy-
ooking, yellow, white and black
caterpillars (Fig. 18), with their
heads and a hump on the fourth
ring of the body of a bright red,
are sometimes found on young

Fig. 10.

Fig. 17

lig. la.

25 .

tnm coenono ..,>, „ ,. ''"^/ Jeavo the trees sin,! ^.,.;^ „i- "^ .

cocoons amonirst falJe

these iinchani.-ed

emerge dun.gj„,,,„jj^,^
i^merf^.-These c.terpilla;

trees ami npin close but
"fJI the next .nv;' . ^'^^terpilh.r.s remain in

.. „.,. ' f""* 'P'^'"^^ «"d the small h-.m... ,.„.^

lives.

'■own moths

apple t

>•« are nearly always found

-^^»:^:;;t:r:«?r;-fri---:M^;v

■nr. , — "I--. uuL on ai
When too high up for this a

aiicl the calerpiji

pose of them

spraying with Par

on young

the case

i'l-s cnishod underfoot.

•IS green would d

IS-

jji^ bore,. „„„,3, a,.: :t„, r „t r *^*''"' ""'*■"'<'' "■-"•)-

Tho gr,,b is much thicker ,h , ! ' '^.^r*' """ "■'«' '« '"fe <»•
♦alee, ,h,,„ year,,i„,,«, „" '" ° "- ""t-hoade.! bo.o,., a„d
beetle IS pale-brown with twoTh-', ,"'""'" ''» "'"""t'os. The

^».;k .n the sap „„„,, holl„wi'„:"'„, ' «',"'' ''"« i'-t beneath .I,t

more ,n diamelcr. T|,e b,,l. 1, d'ambei- aljout an inch or

way which i, .o„„ r <!;^l'':j'™°-'.--'-'»-o.li,,acha,.ac,:n t"

poncnoed eye by the easti^^ whi,/' " '*» (""'ayed to the ex-

By c„,„„, through the bark tl"e "ruhe "". '^ ""' "'■ ''' '""™w».

Penefvtted into tb„ wood it c„ IT n i'" • ''"""■"J'^l- If it has

The best r..,„edy,is a„do„b, ,1 '; T'" " '"'""■= <"■"'<"" "'-e

■ ";i^r;:;:;:":Ju^^f-r ,-'--. Harris, and a

"'» ft'As of branch" o':*'-"'"'l '°° "''™ »««" ">
i" iray fro,,, ,.;"," 1. ^-'V' f ''"''' '''"''• '"'''>'
*"'■«» of the t,.:n I S; "■';"= V'"™ ''«™ °" 'he

biVMvn moth, with two white,, n ' '" "'^'''"

comes out in Tulv X,,'^'"\'^ ^''"^^'"^ -'cross the wings,

^''"^^-■thedt,i;T'''^-^-'-- well known
"t. ciiptionis unnecessary.

l'"isr. 1!).

codl

Remedies. — \Vh

er

•e apple trees

tlN

f'"t(ing off the webs when fi

'J ^;^oti, these caterpillar
»J^'il. Hand-picking of th

are sprayed for

■s will also be d

los-

I'st formed in M;

ie eggs in winter, and
and when, owing to

i'.y

26

^LSeZlt*" '°""^'^' ''"''"' '--y -"»P--o„s, are both

INSECTS mvmom to hoots and vegetables

(ii.) Tlio most satiHfactoiy treatnienf hni.r„„„,.

*■ ""^ "i«iggois attackinc: the roots nf Tmim,, „ ii
soon as pricked out Th«cn „ young cabbages as

«.y «./. o„e.tMi jfr z r„r«; r "' '-^-^^ '»" ^^ ™""

Bemedies.—n.) Wliito hpllf»lin..„ o • '

(iiOkerosene orL^iT^^^^Q ^ ^ ^ T'''' f '''''"'''

root., and the earth kept well hoed unloth; "^ n"'"^ "'""^ '^'

useful remedies; (iii ) Nitrate orso/^/^ n ' '""' ^'"''^ P'"°^«^

plant, is highly 'roloni.^!;:.;' '"' ' table.poonful around each

CABBAOE-WoRM.-.^,e Imported Cabbage Buttorliy.

J%'-^/ 29. Colorado PoTATo-nPFTn^ /n i.

mM. Sav) —In ro,.!,. <^7^ (^oryphora lO-lineata,

with short, silky pubcLcenoo whil t ' ""'' '='''■'"•'"'

intheloaveaot^uLwaborr;::?::!; r'T"' """'' ^'""" "*'

«nf«r.:'T;^t'::%TorToi;iC';if'*:rtr""^'^"'*«™^

when the dow is on them. ^""'■'' '>' "'"' "•« 1*'"'^

27-

^V tj.

'^ofh appears about a month late^ ■•^'^''''^' f''om which tl,o

Remedies. —([•) pia..,, n u

specie. ta,ohi;\r,:,,''';:':„^^»''-.v°-.gcmorpi,i„,, „,,„„„,

groun.1 »8 soon ,« B„,,i|l "■""'™' "f "» VGget„ii„„ ft„„™"7

-ppiy an.i ..,0 prf;: ' ;: ,:;:^'7." "«i-- r„em »; t^r,6t

««» uuhat looalUj.. Rold' „'£'"« "V"- «".« 'ayin,, tC
"ei-growr. with wee,is or ot ,or v ^ ^^'"'' •"■" ""»"■«' "> tocoine

the poisoned ph.nts^.nd bu'th '''.''"''"• ^^^^ ^"^-voi-m. ea
weather those bundles nhoul h *^''"^«'^•«« «"<! <lio. In hord,t

"'oi'; r.^^ ^'-^^' - -^^t wl;: "?T ^"-'-v;:^^,:!^;:

C'li.) -Banding and W. .,n. ■ ^ ^'^"^ fad ni--.

macio by tailing piocos „f,i„ g i„ph "'''"' "'".V vorv...H«,|,.L.

«ra aro„„<, „ ,p,,,,, ^,. b„'„ ',-»"« «ncl 2^ wi.lo and ton. in,

""'<"" to sprung „p„„

28

(c.) Hand-pickii)jjor (Ji<r.rino>nnf- fhn /.,if ,„, i

is .eon .„>3 e„. o/.Ko,.r.;.c:'.:,::;-x;:r:;'"'- "'''""'

i^a<„™; ^«,-...-Tho™ „,.„ „v„ encnie, which deserve e»,,eci„l

' - notice, juid, from the -

i?oocl service they do,
•should be known by
night to every culti-
vator. They "are the
Fiery Ground-beotie
or Cut-worm Lion
(Calosoma calidum,
Fab.) and the Elack
Ground Wasp (^Iwiwjo.
philaluctiiosa). Both „• -..

of the^o are desperate enemies of cut-wnrm« iU. p ^ ,.

on them in all of its stagos the latter dll^;, " ^'"^^"-'
iis nest with them as tb^ i^X^r:^^ ^^ «^>^ ^'^ «^-'"«

32. Imported Cabbage Bcttkbk.v (Pieris rupee, L.).-The white

butterflies which fly over cabbage
beds during summer lay eggs on
the leaves, fi'om which are hatched
the troublesome C;ibbage-worms.

Jie^nedies.—The best i-emedy for
this insect is undoubtedly insect
powder diluted with foui- times
its weight of common flour, as
directed under Remedy IT.

Fig. 24.

I''ig. 2«.

29'

>v>ii«!?s ancJ more diffi.
-'t to doa, With than the

^'^bage and Radish Maggots

'•■^ the Onion Maggot (Pi|. 26)

Jiemedies.~mc^^,^ well-worked

^ ,-^-aea.,p,..,,.,,,,^^,.

7 (;)• KeiusenoemulHiunwat.

.//ored along the rows when the

' on.on.nroronnd to be infected
,„^, ^^ ^_ J»'»"*,J>i-oved Miceessful.

lime, sown broadcast over tf,n I.. *^"^" ^ ^P^'i'^'^'ing of gas-

to protect the crops con idl nb J ..T''' ' n ""^'^' "^^^ "'- f«" d
fertilizer. nsideutbly, and was thought to act us a o-ood

(F.g. 26). -^ '..»embli„g the iiy „f ,],„ Onion ma.-„„t

-nrtb^;::^!^::^:?-^^^ ground are recon.

best results frona using Z Tj r T ''• ^ '*"^'*^^ obtained the
I>. The use of salt and 2 L' ? '''''''''' ^^^'^ ^^-"e.iv
infallible remedies. ^ '"'' ^''^ "'^'^ b«"e«cial, but are no^

^\ / '"-^'"^"ing.durk-brmvn bu'^"~", 'T^'"' "^ '^''S^'

^^ ' ■ Jong, clustering ro nd sJ^ S ' 'l^'^^-t'^ f inch

June and sucldng th o ' Tho'"" ''°"' ''^ ^^"^ «^

leaves. an<l the vouL 1 '^'^■^ ''^''^ ^^"^ «'^ the

grown bugs. ^ ^ "'" '''''' ^'^""^ with the full

the hills beneath whicVt^^ 1 ?^'l'"^" ■''"'^^^^^^ ^'P^^' ^o
timo, are generally effective Coal oU , T ^''^^ ^'"^'"S" 'ho day I

the vines will dri e away many ""' '^'"^"- ""^^^'^^ -"ongs'

so

«oona« squash, cucumber or melon ^^T"" ''^'''^^' ^^^O-As
they are attacked bT ma I vX^?'' T^'" '^°^" the ground-
noticed will «oon dost':4 the\r"t7 "^"^ '"""' "^"^^^ '^ -'

vi^rt'^:^;:;^it^;r^ r ^:i: ^-- ^i to 50) ove.. the

also useful. A rredv - k^'° ''^ ^^^ ^^"««- ^shes alone are
described by Dr C Twe'd n t'?.''' '" ''' ^"'^^'^ ^''^'^^ ''
Exper't. Sta'^ion t^^^ S p I^ ^^880 h" ^^'^^ ^'^-Agricultural
vines with a piece l^ZT' f ' ? '^"'^'*' ^^ ^«^«''i"g the

" » ^ . "t'd-oeet/e of the turnin rFio- 9S^ rpi

^ perfect beetles blaolr xuI^k u-. ^^ ^ ^' -^^ ^^e

rp-thewinte;;::::t;thrub;:^;^r:i-

aaack the seed alrnd've"^'""^" ''''''''' ^-'^
whole crop The '1 ^ I '^ frequently destroy the

on the roots of plants if thiterstmnr '^ *""' ""'^^" ^"^"^^
eZ^: ''- ""'' ^'-'-^ ^--^ -^d 'he grub are shown much

50 parts of which 1 mrt o^P ^ ^ ^""^ '^'"'^"" «'• «-^hes, with

I). Other ^>^^L!:i^ :;:zxZri^ 'r ^^-^ («-d -

factory tobacco, 1 lb i„ 9 or ^I^nli ^ f decoction of waste

is useful upon Wrde" Ore, sf;rP.:i;'"- ^^''-^ '""— ^^7
See also remedy for ^0. 36 ^'■''^'' '''''""^* '^^ "««d.

Fisr. 28.

a
P

S(

nc

Bh

ee

be.

cu]

att

dor

the

addr

1 hi

^^^ TO COKRESPOXDEXTS

Bomo of the foodplant Tl^h " u''' ' ^'^'^" ^'"-«> Place w th ?L '

should be .oiled in pap/r or c "on %'''"""'" '-^^'^ ^'-<i ^h y
sent unprotected in a letter nv f^ 'Vcimens should never I

beyond recognition. Cen " ^^'r'^'f "^''^'"^ ^° ^- -hed
culars as possible should be J^n of tf' ^"'^'•'"^'»^^«" ^^ full p , ^
a tacked how long it has beeTZi/e^^ the'

done. Packages should be marked with f.^' ""^"""^ «^ damage
the sender, and should be directed to '^ '^' "«»^« ""d addresser

The JiNTOMOlOGIST,

Cexxhal Ex'pehimental Farm,
JNT.B.— xYo postage is npr^acn. . Ottawa, Ont