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/ .v.**^

DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OWJ>,\VA.

CA.-S-A.rt A.

PROSPECTS

VOR

.«

EXPORT

OF

TENDER FRUITS

PCBUSHK,, BV DIRECTION OF THE HoN. SYDNBf A. FiSHBR, MiNISTBB OK AORICDt/TCHF.

OJB —

.R65I

Ottawa, 21st February, 1899.
To the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture.

Sir —I beg to transmit herewith the Report of an arklress, which T delivered
at the Annual Convention of the Fruit-Growers' Association of Ontario, on tlie
subject of "Prospects for Export of Tender Fruits." It contains information
which would answer many inquiries from fruit-growers, and be otherwise useful.
I recommend that it be printed for distribution.

I have the honour to be,

Your obedient servant,

JAS. W. ROBERTSON,

Commissioner.

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PROSPECTS FOR EXPORT OF TENDER FRUITS.
Jas. W. Robertson, Commissioner of Agriculture and Dairying, saiJ:

for .^';v^"?!f'''''' tl"" GENTLEMEN,-Before I say much about the prospects
for an export demand for tender fruits I would like to make a few observations
on the present status of the busmess of growing tender fruits in Canada. In
considering why many people went into fruit-growing, one is soon led to the
conclusion, that the general fall in the prices of cereals a while ago made many
give up grain farming, in which they had had experience, and for which they had
natural aptitude, and go into fruit-growing, without either the special knowledge
or personal fitness for making a success of that business. Great areas of Canada
are devoted to fruit-growing for that reason. When the ordinary operations of
farming did not pay well, there was much discussion as to whether fruit-erow-
ing would not pay better. There was a great deal of information of the most in-
definite kind diffused over the Province in regard to the benefits and advantages
fmi ?[of K ■ ^™'t-&I?.w'"&' and the consequent agitation led a great many men
nto that busmess. That was a good thing for agriculture and a good thine for
those men, because for a while the fruit-growing business paid very well-much

nfrlfarm work " "^^^ ''^^°^^'' *° *^ ""^^ ^^''^ *''^ occupiers through ordi-

SoME Reasons for Glutted Markets.

That leads one to examine into the kinds of fruit that these ptople have been

S?nT"i^fif"^-'!, ^.u""^^ ^r *^'^ '"'"^^ *^^y ^"^ ^'■^w- Most of the men have
planted the kinds that can be grown easiest, with least risk, and that yield lareelv

(al flTf l^f l/°f '^^."'\'' 't''- ^°"'^ ^' ^. Pe'-'"^«"t or lar^e enough demand
for that class of fruit. In addition to growing the kinds that I have alluded to
they have grown many kinds, and still grow them just because they have some
interesting characteristics, and because the "cuts" of them look vvell in some
nice book or catalogue If one goes over a fruit farm and examines the kinds
that are growing and why they are being grown, he will find that while my state-
ments are rather unpalatable, they are quite true in regard to most farms where
fmit-growing is earned on. That has led to this state of things in Canada, that
the Canadian fruit-growers are growing more tender fruits than their home mar-
kets take care of. I do not say that they are growing more tender fruits than the
people of Canada can and would readily consume if they got the kinds they want
in the condition they like them. We import and pay out more money for tender
fruits from California than would fill the pockets of a great many Ontario fruit-
growers with all the profits they could expect from their business. The markets
are glutted, not because the Canadian apperite is satisfied with Canadian fruits,
but because Canadian fruits have not been of the sort or put up in the way that
the Canadian consumer wants; and if not suitab for the Canadian, how much
less for the ten times more fastidious Englishman? I want to have vou think of
that before I speak of the prospects for a export trade in tender fruit's.

6

The Personal vernt the General Market.

pay. In promiscuous erowin.^ e /n7/»rl ^^^^^"^^^.^ '^^ cannot make it

scale to have his expenferZw J^ "">' T'^^' °" ^ '^''S^ «"°"ffh

fruit-growin, a man ly S vTvl o pm? s^n^^^ ^'""'^ !^« ^'"^ <^^

That beini? so if we havo m rlr,, '"'it on the open general market.

our own markets do ake care of can we SnH '^°"^'^f ^^^'^ ^^^ '^"^^'^ ^'""'^ ^'^^"
for these varieties of fJ^dts' That is thTnr^i i °"^ 'x ''^■',?^'^ ^' P''^^^^'^'^ P""^
experience \ mm, Thn f-n r • P'^°'^^^"i- ^'^^l I will tell you a little of our

cus'ton'ers who parspecial pS °";or .r"?l°"'^ ^'' ^'' ^ome market ^vill find
for a general m'arLt'ca.f Je onl hT cTr e^n^n'^'^'^"^^ ^'^^ T" ^^''° ^''^^^ ^-^"^
The two markets are que different in r.^J^ ^T"' ^"^ ^'"'''"^'^ ^°°d ^"a'ity.
More than that. the'Z whfg owV?ru,^^^^^^^ returns the grower may get.

work on a small fruit farm nSt a ^ood H^.l V °r^ ""^'^^^ "^^^ "^'^y o-^ the
his business, and get paid for th.^hvihl °- ^f P^'?^ '^"''^ '"t" ^he carrying on of
for just the partlSr'Sfngs th^y wL "wrerea 'if'f L'n"S' that people will pay
general open market he has to tnLT. ',.•?' I ^ "^^" throws,his stuff on the
large scale with the leas nn«;w^ ^ • ""''•',? *^^ '"^" ^^° ^"-^^s f'-''it on a

an export trade or the fi'ner tr^s'^wnM"'"'"^ '" 'f'' " ''' ^'^ to have
staples in the fruit food, and 1 th-. ""'" '^^^? to confine ourselves to a few
lowest cost to ourselves ^ ^'"''""^ °^ ^^^ ^"t quality and at the

The Demand in Great Britain.

I tak?to be t?: mrket'^'orTS;' '' '''^^ -y.^eniand in Great Britain? That
demand. Of pea? Bri a^^ ^t Tr^ "T'""^' ''^r ^^ ^P^^^ °f ^^ export
sometimes mo?e ome imes less of X?. I 7 ' "• '°" ^°"^^^' ^^"''^h a year,
worth a year; and of grapes abouVtlr.nH' \^ "''',?" ^"^ ^ ^"^''te'- dollars'

from various countries '^IhavenoTmeni V"^ "^u""" ^'°""''^' ^^^'•'^ a year
under the heading of ender7nu>s Th. p"v f P''', ^'''f ^'^ '^^'^ ^° "°t come
mous quantity of tender fruits The I..ri?r-"'' T'^'^ ^°'' "^"^"""^ ^" ^nor-
bv any means developed or ^ pplS In the V.^^ll ""'''■ "^ ^^ '^'"'- ^' '^ "°^
high that the demand has not W. nn^. .i'^ / ^^.^ P"" °^ P^^" ^^' been so
Canadians put thSr pea s on the RnH f '"'^ T^ ''\^' '*. "^^^ '^^ «"d will be if
apples on the Britislf r^Ske" Th^Jl f nTI '' !,' abundantly as they put their
for hieh-erade near, h™ ^ tremendous demand and market there

cookiSfn 1 n'manV wa?r TZ'^•sT'■•'"'' l""' '^'^ °^ ^'^^ P^^P'^' througli
Halted, and also more fI^.]-l^Sa -^^^eS^?? ^t^^^^S^::;

nly chance to
market. The
It if a man lias
Britain, tlion
must have a
mot make it
large enough
h quantity of
nation of mv
>f. Bailey, of
3ught out for
<ind of fruit-
ket where he
1 the kind of
ral market,
ler fruit than
>fitable prices
I little of our
ket will find
) grows faiit
rood quality.
ver may get.
carry on the
Trying on of
)ple will pay
stuff on the
vs fruit on a
are to have
es to a few
and at the

tain? That
f an export
3rth a year,
"ter dollars'
orth a year
3 not come
le an enor-
It is not
as been so
I will be if
y put their
Jrket there
e, througli
;n you Irv
ilways and
nsequentlv
something

COOliinl'or in'fnv"^t.'" "'' '^' '"^ ^''^'^- '^■''^> ^-^"""^ '""^^'^ "'-• "''vuur bv
cooKmg or in any other way.

ScMK Essentials to Success.

Th,/I""" 'T ^" ''u^'"'^ "■^'J^ '" *^"'''^'' f"""''^ '^'■' •"^"•^* a success of from Canada ^
leJclFTrfr '^" "rjt^ ''" ''■ ^ ^"I'P"'^^ ^^venty times a month nic ite
me such problems as : " W ,11 ,t pay nic t.. <lo so and-so " ? Anv one who has done

whether a certain statement is true in regard to it coinciding with principles bu
no man can say o a business proposal : " That will be successful," or " H at' w
not be successful." Success depends ,m, the personality of the n an, and n ,t o

be nature of the Inismess. I do not know whether exporting tender fruits ca
be made a success except as I learn the kind of men who take it up. Tlire are
principles and there are methods, and as far as a man understands tho.ie and applie=

hem he can make it a success ; but the success depends on the pcrscn and not on
the principle or the method. I want to make that emphatic; it depends on the
person and not on the opportunity, because the opportunity niav have existed for
twenty years; but so far the person has not risen to take success out of the oDpjr-

unity. It may have been for want of information, it may have been for want of
transportation conveniences, it may have been for want of cold storage in the
shij)s; still that IS the state of things today. Can they be altered from this tin>c«

Qualities vviiich Determine Value.

First of all the person who undertakes tlie shipping of tender fruits to Britain
must know the conditions that the British consumer and importer impose on hmi
in regard to fruit. I have learned by two years' experience, that the British con-
sumer and importer do not care a snap of their fingers for the fancy names of the
specially esteemed kinds of fruit. They do not care a brown baw-bee. whether it
has been cracked up by every specialist in the countrv. Soundness is the first
consideration, then keeping qualities, then nice appearance in regard to colour
size and shape; and lastly the miportcr looks for as nice flavour as vou can give
him The latter is not a mi, u of the first importance at first in the commerce
ot this business. Soundness, keeping qualities, appearance and then flavour, is
the order. Too often the fruit-.grower reverses that order, and savs: "Oh but
such a kind of fruit is the most delicious and high-flavoured." It' mav be and
may pay to grow for the personal, particular market of tlic man who is ijoine to
pay a high price for special intrinsic quality: but the Britisli market will pav lust
the common price in the order of those qualities. I want to repeat that over and
over again; It is the secret of the whole situation: soundness and keeping qualities
after the frtuts are there, then nice appearance, and then a flavour as good as vou
can give. When tnal shipments were made bv the Department of Agriculture at
Ottawa in 1898. xye found those things that we had learned in 1897 were still
further emphasized.

The Trial Shipments.

In 1897 tl_ie Department took charge of 7.T41 packages of tender fruits and
sent them to Great Britain. In 1808 the Department took charge of 381=; pack-
ages of tender fruits. We sent in 1897 about three and a half times more than in

mainly climatic, the si Lpers iu J c Grin t ^ i »"• ^'""''= '°'" ^^"°"'' «^'^».
provide as much fr^i asTey exu^cte?! or t^^'' n """' "°' "^'^ »'"^ >'^«^ ^'^
its trial shipments. The Bs sEefl Lr ' ?*Pf *"1'-'"' ^^nted to carry on
ing. from Carious farms/?! a S „ o u!!a?^ ^'^^ ' ' Promiscuous gather-
shippers was that the Deoartmont .r l! f ''^ arrangement with the

point, and if there was a revenurabovft^^^^^^^^^ '^""^ ^' 'h'^ shipping

kind of package tlmt was uIL^ 1, o ' '''?' f '''' ''*^"' ^° ^^^^ s'^iPP^^". Tlie

side 22 inches^by I rjy" rlTto eTn'^X'^'r '"^'" ?.^'^^^^^' "^^^«"""& *"
fruit. The package lere S- thev wero n' "^"7 '"°''- '"? ^° ^'^'^ '''' °f^he
the fruit; they had an attrarHvl' ,11^ ^P*^? ^P"" ventilation and for cooling

reasonably clfe^ costing Sut sS^ctn'.""' '"^ ''^'^/•'^ ^«°^' '1"^"'^ ^f being
24 to 30 poundfof frui taccoS .^l^r h^'^I all the way fron.

rate fruit was wrapped in tissue oaner.nfl^J ^^? 'nd.v.dual fruits. Each sepa-
«o as to cause theS surface toTe faced ^^^^"' ''"' '^"''' ^^""' ^''^ '^^'

The Condition as to Ripeness.

pear^lLslir^; i;^.^ s;it;![:'l;:^ra:^fiS;' ^^ ?^i^f • -^ ^•^ ^^^

ffo to England are sole' particularly veU because th?;. • ' ^^t^^"-"'^ P^ars that
keep them for two weeks afteev get them 01,2^''' '''"'f ''^ '^'y ^^"
quality. Anybody in Canada kno vs that a Rir;. ,,9bs6rve-soundness, keeping
a tough old fasteless pear f?om Ca i o'n^^^^^ ^onipared with

forma would fetch nin*. shillm^c , l^aughter)— still the pears from Cali-

shillings, because thrCaliforni/^^^^^^ ^T^' ^^'^ ^''^ ^v°">d fetch only 'x

did no^t 'fearlos ng ti?^ nTx? Lrnin." Th?"' '"^ ''' '"^" "'^° ''-^^t ^h^m
condition in which it ^s des rec to L I^' ,'^"''-7!,';"' '" '^^''^ *« ^he
difficult in practice to Tel when a oeach i-'^?!'' ^'l^^'^' ''"^ '^ '^ exceedingly
not know any means o detent brnrthat and T .' "^^' '\^'' ?^ "P^""^" tIio
who can. I went through thTorchaHs in Crirnlh"' "? °""? '">' ^^'it-grower
they told by the apneararTcf. nAl?J^.; i! ^""^sby and elsewhere, and I found

wer'e quite'oft^Tsappo nted that'Z Tnea T" 'S " ^'^ '''' " °^ ^h^'"' ^hey
a day if the weather is hot and it LS;!.-.,!!'^ """ "P-^? ^ ^''^^ ^'^^ i" half
condition of ripeness L'cln^^e'obsXd^^e '^XXtr''' " ''' ^^^"^

The Cooling of the Fruit.

put into the cold storLe L rSmth t considerably too ripe before they were
the same power to arreft the rinenS nf^ low temperature does not seem to have
of pears. I had pearTn ,t ;ntn^.ol?^f "'^*°^' ^' '* ^°"^ *° ''^tard the ripening
wefe put in thefw e'^pe rfeetlv oundTnf ' 0"r';,'"i*^° '"°"^hs aiZ the?
the same condition became too ripe rnVlnvH? m'^- ^°'""*°^^ P"' '" ""^eV
and .^8" Fahr. ^ " ^''^"*'' ^^-^^ *""^ at a temperature of 36'

0

I'liAUS.

The qiiamity of pears sent over was 2,^08 cases. The cases uere

." 1' T i-^"""f ""' '''''»'""^' ^"^ J^""'"'"' ^'»' f^'it. which was Muito

cxcopt.onal lak.ng the prices at which the several K>ts wcro sold 'ami

aK';''f !"i;/''r' '*'"" T",f' *' "" ^'"^ ^^^^•^^'^^^' 73-^ ^^'"ts per case at C,nn,slly
after tl e freight charges ,-in.I all expenses were taken off. The shippers would
reahze 07 cents for that quantity of pears after allowiny for the cost of tt pack

Sow^r ""' \ '^r^' '-'i '^ " '"^ ^""'^ ^'''''- ^ '^'^ ""^ '^■"•^^' ^^''^'ther your frt it-
growers would he satished or xun with that i.rice for pears -(Voices " Yes yel'\

m^rLT' '1. f ''f 'i •''"'V'^"'"^^'^ '^^■" ^•'il""'-""'-^ when the liritish inarke
mI:,; 1 I ? ;""' ^''""''^ f""" P*''*''-'^- ^'^'^^ »" Pe^"--^ are not alike in the

Bnl.sh market: the buyers won't pay the san.e price for all pears: and tic it

Cleat ikitaui. because v.mi have the verv same freight charges and the verv ^-m le
tnstn-ance and other cha,ps_ to take off the low,Sice<l pJ^^ ' -^ ghu^'."off

■^ fr^^'n'TIm clol?:;-.. '"^ ^^^^ ^'^''--^"^ 'f I'-"-^ that went over rc.ked all t^^e

way Iro.ii one dollar a ci^e at Gnmsby t.. fortv-six (46) cents a case at Grimsby

that IS. one portion of tiie same shipmc-nt fetched a dollar and the other or ion'

orty.s.x (46) cents. I took the average of all the highest prices at whi 1 h' ea

n each s npment were sold, and then the average of all the lowest prices In tl e

econd sn,,ment they netted from sixty-three (0.^) to hftv-five (SS) cets' per case •

rOHmt. T^^'^"'n"' ''"''] -'^^^'y^V^^ to seven\y-six^(% cents'"-^ J
at C.nmsln the s.n.iller mml pears fetche.l the lower prices I have nientione I
This year hese pears were not creditable to Canada. I am not ,,,1 aw
blame ir, tiie shippers at Grimsby beyond saying that the ,^a s tl i e "r wJ^^
sn.a 1. ami not creditable to Canada as showingvhat we cLrfo isullv Tie
weather was tmfavourable during part of the season, even to e .xt ai so

shippers were not able to send pears at all after the first shipinenr If we ^o 1
send forward the best quality of Bartlett pears we would hav'e an e',.. mot's mr
kc I am sure l^ecause the people like them so well that there is almost an u-
Imnted demand under ordinarv conditions at the prices I have menti^ed T e
very best prices that were gotten for any consideril,le quant tv were ivn-lliirs
and threc^pence (6s 3d.) a case in England for these sm ,11 cases That wS m«

Dotrnds" tin-ff""'""-' ^^^.'^'^ ^^■^•^•^ (^^-^^^ a case containing fom';6o n
poundx The difference m price between the varieties was hardlv notice-ible Tn
one case the Duchess fetched from four shillings and sirpel-e\r6d fto fo

h 1;'T-| ^'■^' '"'i '" '"^''''•' ''''' '^'' ^^''^^''' fetched fronffour h Jling 4s)
three shillings and six pence (3s. 6d ) s'niimgs ^45.; to

Mr. PATTisoN.-The English market likes a large pear ?

medium size""''"'"''-"^'"' " "''"^'''' ^'''' '^"^ ^ ^''^' P^^'"' ^^ "-^ther a large

Mr. Brodie.— A pound each.
^ fin^ri ^^f-^-^soN.-No; about JO pears to the case weighing 28 pounds were
of first Se sSf "°"" ""^' ''°"^ '''''' ^° *^^ P°"-'- Thos^e would be pTa"

Pe:aches.

r.cJ 7^"^ u ^^^' "^^t with the matter of peaches. We sent altoeether ^21

$ 50° a'c'at'net a^Gn^":b""^^'^^^ ^^^ '^^^'^^^ -^ dollar aXII^'cert

(*i.5o) a case net at Gnmsby; and for a great many other shipments we realized

10

Crawford peacl ^s senUrom rnn.H^i , f^? "'^' ?-°.^ ^^'''^''^' '^ ''^' that the

fornil^ ^'^^^^^^^^-I do not suppose they ship our Crawford at all fn^m Call-
Prof. ROBERTSON.-Perhaps they send tougher varieties.

Tomatoes.

and gradX wtred tf^-or 6<^^'S'L';''^ ''^^^ ''^^''^ ^' °""

11

I
I

the same cold storage chambers as the pears that were landed in tirst-ratc con.li-
ironi 3» to 40 rahr. on the way across.

Quinces.

fU.f ^°"''^'^" '^^'^^ of quinces realized fifty-nine (59) cents each, but I do not know
m.v Z T" '"formation enough in regard to quincs t^ say whether th Jy

may be earned sa ely as a rule or not. Some of the 149 cases shipped were land
ed m good condition and some were not. That seemed to be ou^ng to the con-
dition in which the quinces were when they were put in the cases at Grimsby.

Apples.

Of apples in those small packages. 254 cases wve sent. They realized fortv
(40) cents at Grimsby, but the reports all said: "Do not send any moi^ apples n
uch small cases; larger sized cases w^ .ay you very much better." Appks 0
he most tender sorts that cannot be ....c at all without cold storage, have been
sent to England in the very best of condition through cold storage and thev
realized very fair prices. Mr. Brodie, of Montreal, was telling me fh s mornhg
of some apples he shipped from Montreal in cold storage that netted hin air
prices this year. Apples, like the Duchess, that could not at all be sent to Ene
land hitherto, can be sent in excellent condition in cold storage if they are prl

Ssportatfon ' "°" "^ '^'' "'" '""^ ""^"" ^h- '^^^^1 °^ Transatlantic

Mr. Brodie.— Were those sent to London or to LiverpooP
Prof. Robertson.— These were all consigned to Bristol
Mr. Brodie.— This shipment of mine was sent direct to London. It was -o

sto?agI°" "' '" '^°"'''"- '''''' '''' ' ^°"^ ^^^^^^ '- remain in c-oM

Prof. Robertson.— What did they realize at Montreal ?
tr.„. !^' ^^°f "^--About $2.25 a barrel; but the dock charges were something
doT^n ri ^^'^ '^JSe-iSshmings on 30 barrels of apples from the London
dock to Covent Garden Market, about 12/2 cents a barrel. For 2/2 cents we
can get apples carted from one end of the city to the other in Montreal

Prof. Robertson.— I think any one who has large experience in consi^nin?
small shipments to England will agree with Mr. Boultfr, tha^t the CnSish conS
sion merchant has wonderful facility and thoroughness in devising new ^^0^

chTgT ''" '^^ *° '"°""- '^^''' ^"^ ^" '"^'^'"^ ^ 1°"^' '-g iSt of

Grapes.

I have a few observations to offer on the trial shipments of grapes There
were 441 cases forwarded. Twenty packages that were sent to Gllsgow realS
seventy 70) cents at Gnmsby for about 18 pounds to the case; twenfy -five pack
ages realized forty-one (41) cents per case; sixty-two packages realized nineteen
(i9).cents per case; but the other grapes did not fetch anything at all worth rn en

Mr. PATTisoN-With the grapes that were successful, was it a matter of
varieties or of condition that they arrived in? - ^ inauer 01

^ Prof. Robertson.— It was a question of the market th^v hopnened to -trlkf»
Ihe grapes that were sent to Bristol were landed in gc^Dd condition ; 'there

12

not take any risks' with Ihe new thing ' ''"'" '° " '"'' *'"' ^'^^'^ ^°^"^^

Extracts from Letters.

Pears.
fornia pears, says: l^-^^^nent in Ureat Britain, who, writing about the Cali-

plums sold from 6s. 6d. to 125 ner r?,„ „7f o^ '° ^° P°"»* °' '™i<: M.I

Utles^ Tl"ete':'Sran.L*:«-Lr.1.:i:'-^

Grindley, of Oct. 22, in ?e4r<l to .!« .r P.T." '" " ^<'"" =1™ 'rom Mr

«I an, i-lad to a" it "s tnini- 01, r'rl'L ° ™" '",""'= °' «■<= ""mshlps
the first three consignee, tVpcafs ™^£rSr P° T''"'°" ""=" ^'"'^ "'»"
some cases still too fipe. Tomatoes so^'^dTn^dstiiriTee?"'" ''" ''" '°"''"»"'

wouipf ;\t'5;?;'-f„:\- ^co'irst^^r- ""^ =°'^' -'-=- -"

stealth; r:,;: :„'<!'r.', 0-„^ l^-sSd tVi^^S °T**r * ^o, .he
enormous trade for the distribution o "n, t tal^^ia, i Tl,? "' "''""""^ =■"

ceivedl\^:it;\ryt;u^rdSt^th:r?^"?^*-

better results W these Mr C w viLn " ' ""' """^ "" ='"=" conslderablv
shipping large q„a„?fties to thi's maSr ■■' ^"'^ '"^ """■ ='"<' ^o"" =<lvise

aud 3hapTaTd1;:,f;^rp„ro*X■°orn',l;:r^y'^' '^^'' -'-'^- ^-' *' ^i-
of pea^'agSr"'""" ' "^"' '° "'^^^ '^ '""' Elder. Dempster & Co., speaking

.hey 'i^^^K' ToSr::':a,^i;' ::e£s"l'<i':.f t v;'"= r™" *-

packer send no more to this market " '""''' f''" "«' .lus

rienc^'o.^If/'i'n'shSSmZes' "'"''''" ""' ''''"'"«="' P""'" '-I -y «P-

seem'i^gro^^SoST^dTpXmt'lh:,"''''! '""l ""^'"'"^ ="' '"= ='"PP-»
that tomatoes will do ve^wel "^caS ,„ , ? Tf ''"' '" Canada. We find
keep well after they are .7ken out o" cold iZTj^ Tu '""=' ''"' <'° ""' ^«-" «o
the '«in 0«awaLm .0 bavrgonlrn't'Sway."' '"""'"^^ *=' "= P"= '»
men. ™s':e«r ^"""'^ '*"'^="' ^ '™'' "-^h™' - Glasgow, to whom a ship.

in a mln^irStte" vIh" SctpLr: wWcS ""' ",! ^"^ T ™' "^ '™*« was

I have just this furth. ?o say b ,0^ I live ^K '"'" T'''' *^^P-"
-e from the reports and from .^a? laf^s r 1 ^n a 7h?ptS'from''Sn2

18

Jhi%ep^rt'^was"°^ ^" ^'-«« d^ff^'-^nt occasions

the cominent"' '■^"■"' ^'""''^ '"^ ^"" ^""^"^ '^'•^^ ^"ivals from

particular v^etJ ri^V^^ f ° "°^^'^' "' ^">' statements of preference for any
'^:tV.7:t7^l^^^^^^^ '^^-^ ^-lit, and appear^

A Delegate.-Do you know the variety Mr. VanDuzer sait?

f D^'^oTf V''^^ 1;^ ""Vr" ^^"^^"^ -^ -"" "Offers,
Prif p ~ ° ^."^^ ''"''^ '^ ^^^'^ ^^^""e 3"^- Keif!ers sent?

four Sines ?oTr^f7-n"' '" '^-^^^^ ^^'P'"^"^' ^"^ ^h«>- -^'"e ^old at from
o 47 cen s net at rrfnlv ^ ^f ''^P*^""'. P^"" '^''' '^^' '""^^^ bring from S
England ^' ' '' ''"' "' '''" ''"^' ^"''^" '^'' P"*^^ was lowest i?

Mr GREGORY.-That would be of 28 pounds per case"-
Frof. Robertson.— About that.

of pea?i ^''^™--^''^ ^^^ t° understand that there is no preference for any variety

™ucif^t^DSSrS^fi^---srinhf^!^

a^rth^^;^trflS:?^;^s"cotirer^^^^^^

CreaJl^S^y- -^t^r- --^ ^ ca. of pears m

Extracts from Letters— CowfiHw^rf.
Peaches.

'^PeifrturiTnn^- '^''^'''- ^'■°." ^f"^"-^ ^" ''^'^ '^ peaches :-
EldenSe^^^^^^^^^ ?o^m;re^rr"ott::^.^' "' ^ ^^^ ^ ^^ -

^fe^,T"^"' ^"^ u*^''^^" ^* ^'■""^ 36 to' 38 degrees. The second savs-

decay-some of the paper wrapping being qni'e",!"!'" """''■"' '''«'> ^^^tens

14

■ 4th J oSL-^'^iv'U" '"^ """^'" '' '" ' '''''' ^"-^"^ ^Id--' ^-"P^ter & Co.

these goods, and we undersfanrl h.. ; ■ . i ■ i^^^"^^' ^^""^ ^^r. Grindley has seen
/hen on 4i> Orbe^Jhe ste^ £^S"' ^° ^^^^ '"^"'^"^ °^ ''^^■"■"

these '^':t!L7wnl"";ethS'' '"'"' '^'" T anticipated, but since selling
to be returneH tL, f \ ^ numerous complaints with inquiries for money

words Tamely" ^l r'h"^ ^'"'V",' •^?'^'*'°" ^^ich we are unable to pm into
advise t inicker^no S ^""^ absolutely useless for dessert fruit. We wou d

and picked green so th- thev pT^ "' ^''u '^°''" P^^^^'^ ^'^P^^^ i" wool,
makeagoodTarkenJen ^ "P'" °" '^' ^^^"^^ ^^ ^'^ '^'^ we should

storale'UTrn'a'v'mfratSl'lte '"Vf'^' "T'' f' ''''' ''''^""^'^ -' - -'^
right, but those that UP. nf The pea<:hes I put in cold storage kept all

tL difficuUvTs toSt I pS rt"\ Hf""', '"^ ^"' ^'T^^ ^"'^^ ^^^^^l^^^-
ment. ' ^ peaclies ju.t at the right condition of ripeness for ship-

Then there is a remark about plums:

ripe WesTn'^o,'" ''r'-''''* condition, they being picked when a little ^oo.
npe. Apples m good condition, the packages are too small to pay for voyage."

Grapes.

The quotations I have next are about grapes
trom Mr. Grindley, Oct. 7th-

conditiolrir^htirlli^pelctrandC/r^''^ times regarding the unsatisfactory

Then on October i8th :

window)*^"choke^;SoZ''X/'S^'"'" iT^ """^^ °"'- ^^P^ (-"-^ -
but they sold some as cSrnians "' '"' "^^'^^^ ^^'"^^' ' ^"^^'^" ^'"^P^^

of Blpz^ ^ 'si:^t^^ " ^^^°"" '- '' *^ -^^^-^-

Mr. GREGORY.-What were the varieties of grapes shipped?

Prof ROBEHTS^^^T," \'T"'T Z' r'"" *= Srapes sold for per pound?

packages ''' '^'° '^^"P"^""^^ "^ "^^•^'°" ^° t^^« 1°^^ of the fruit^nd tlJe

lo

Mr GKEGOKv.-Was that in the same market?

would'not burth?m''-^h ^' ''"'' '"''■'^^^- ^^''' '^'' '^^ ft'-^t shipments thev
irapes Thev vver?;n7 m ''"', "°' '">' ^^'"P^^'"' ^« ^o the condition of the
fterSs ^ "°' '"'•'•'^■'^ ""^ '"^^ ^'^ °"^ '^f -condition by falling off the

The PRESiDENT.-Simply they did not like them?
cheap ■ ^°^^«^^°^-They did not like them, and other grapes were very

says:^''' "'''' "'"'"""' '" ''^"'^ '" ^""^P^^ '^ ^•■°'" Glasgow, in which the salesman
flavour^XhTw^».'^''"'"V°r'u''' ^^' ^"'■y ^^°^ °" ^^^'^^""t of the peculiar

mg and three pence. Twenty-eight other cases of Lindley were "old for for
shilhngs and four pence. Niagara grapes were sold for from two shTlin£ down
to eigh pence per case; thirteen boxes of Red Rogers were Told for forflih'^

St ?e cr TL:s"e' """ f^^.^-' '''A''' Rogers^vere sold for fiTe sTiUi g ";;:
eight pence These were all sold m Glasgow. The grapes which were sent u>
Bristol in the last two shipments were simply given away

And Tomatoes.

Another extract from Elder, Dempster & Co.'s letter-
As we have previously told you the grapes and tomatoes are useless to ms
amPvvx are bound to claim from you any money which may be dvie for freight on

NovSberSJi:;^i;^i!rs^s-.^'"'^^^' ''- ^^^-^ ^^ ^'^ ^^p^^--^- ^^-^
.roujsti|o:^r.^.Sr^i-t^^^^ -^ '-^ -^

the frdt'aTestToctfbeM^^^^ "°" ^^ ''' ""^^^°^^ ^^^ '"^b-^- ^hen from
" We are not satisfied by your putting these goods in cold storage a. th^
low temperature is detrimental to the shipn^ent, esplially for peacts fnd toma

. " .'^°5"?toes.— These have deteriorated considerably, as have oeaches owin^

ustLs^?rm'°^tvrT' r - '--,'-d conti^'u:? XEtfromT:?
c stomers of them. When they have been placed on show they melt into water
and 24 hours after being bought they are in a useless conditiomand we S

TheTf 1'^ r,"''"^ 'T' '' '■^^"'■" ^he money that was made at safe."
^Ihen from Glasgow there comes the report:

"Tomatoes.—There was no great demand for these on account of the cold
weather and the plentiful supply of local grown fruit."

16

^ iJELEGAia.— How would quinces be?
.imef ;;^fng X™ V° ""■ "' """ *"" ^"'^""'^^ ^ng sold »eU and some-
good^^r"""'""'' "'"■' ""^ P™*^'^' "' P""'"« Pl"™» on .hat market in

we might have a « Snap Se, ™ccaS^Sn!% ^ *"" '" "'°^' '"=""• ' *ink

Pro^'S^RS^rUVh'' ■"'?"°f •"' '°'^ ^'°"«« °" 'he ships?
.empSrf of 36't„ 4? Fahr'"' ^''"^""'i"" ''>■ 'h' "^e of ammonia to a

there'i^°goJJ"hap7?°° '^""°""'' ""''"■ '°"'"<^' P'""» ""> Peaches reach

fot,r^;iv^;erh°eUl;:^";at fstct 'ofi^ Thr ^-r^r-' n "
s:si i„"^o?e ';^ar'^";j;t^ tr.:^S- ^^^^^^^^^^

.u,^^he.havegLei„t^5--^hrr;^J%^^^^^^^^

Prnf^p''^'""""^''^ they done anything with tomatoes and grapes?

.|.ei^Jts''h^e^S7J„std^::;h1:i'°™'°"■ ™'^ ■'-»'* ^-p-
fa- SSltF^f ^'7 --rxi^ r tiroSf s

profit' ^ ^" ^''" "°' '"'^' '^'^^"'^^ °^ g^^"'"& a demand for our plums at I
With iegard to peaches it does not seem to me that we can exoert ;, nrnfif,Ki.
trade m exportmg peaches from Canada to Britain .b7mrans of cokT.tn?/^^^^^

shipped? ~^°"'^ ^°" ^'^' "^ ^^^^ "^^"^'^ i" ^hich the peaches were

September.^°'''^'^''~^ '^'"'^ ''^' ^'"^^, ^'^^P'"^"* «^ ^'•"^^ ^«"t out on the 7th

Th?llf^''''^"~°%r" ^'''''^ '^ ^"-^ ^"^^'•t peaches were shipped?
1 he Secretary.— There were a few

Prof. RoBERTsoK.-Through Mr. Woolverton's own enterprise ^o case, of

Su-^SesTfi'^hrpStTosi''" '"""'■ -^ '-y -p°-5 S:^z:l

17

• General Conclusions.

My conclusions so far as they can be stated with any satisfaction to mvsel£
with some sense of the responsibihty under which I say tLm is thrcLS
may have a continuously growing trade in the exportation o^ pea stlS a ve?v
large trade in the tender sorts of apples can be developed by^shippie in 3

?rnm^,h'-'^'' '\''' '' " ^'^^''^ °^ ^^"'"^ ^ '^^^^ that m^- llave f £g p ofi
from shippmg tomatoes; that there is no likelihood of making a success of send
ing over Crawford peaches; and that as the demand for CanaLn grapes does no
ZtlV' ' "^TT" 'l^' <^°'''^idered whether it would pav us tofSd about onc^
Si CM J^^^ ° K°" • ^^'' ?""' '° ^""her try to create a demand. Other end r
fruits such as raspberries and currants and things of that kind could onlv I th nt

ableTul'"°f»: P'^'^'"'^'^ '" '^^ ^°^"^ °f P"^P= ^"d ^h-t ma'or may not be P "fit:
for ti. t7/,' ^ ''''■"u^ °' ^ ^^'^^ """P °^ these small fruits in Great BriSn

in nrnV. •^'■- V'^ 7°P ^^''' '' '^'■^^ ^^'- P"''^ Soes so low that there would be
no profit m sendmg them over from here

The SECRETARY.-Why could not Crawford peaches be sent in pulp?

f T« t^ /;, f ''°''r;^''u P?! ^^ "" ^'■"■' P^'P- ^^^^Pt raspberry pulp, is fronv
irt A fvf ^?u- ^ '^°"''' 'f ^^^y ^°"'d t^ke anything but raspberry iulp a
first and other hmgs would have to create a demand for themselves Mi2z

^anZ'f'"' ^"-^'-^ °VI?' '°^*^°^ P'-^P^""^' «'^ <=°«t °^ package of ransporta
irucTrroprt?pro'vid"e1t^''"' ^'^^^ ^°"^' '' ^"^'^'^ '^^ ^^ ^^^ ^-^^ -
for ^pe^rnrpi;;^'^''' '' ^'^ ^'"^^ P^*" ^°" ^^'^ ^--PO'-tation and for freight'
hnnH^'?" ^°^^J^TSON.-The freights from Grimsby to Montreal are 33 cents per

Stv1oCe"n1vfi ^\^^''^^' °? '^' ^l!!P >« by measurement, ufuaUy ron
twenty to twenty-five shillmgs per forty cubic feet in cold storage. The total ex-

Mr. Gregory.— Per case of 28 pounds?

Prof. Robertson.— Yes; that was the whole expense,— transportation and
dock dues and everything on the other side, excepting the item orcommrss?on
which was only three per cent on these shipments. commission,

h« W P^ff^°^-^J-^ow, I am sure that the time the Professor has taken up
Wh.T, ''^" • "•"! •"^l^d.and before we take up the next subject, which we
aX^^L^^y^u^wl^htVs^ ''' '''''''' ^'" '' ^^^" °^ -^'"^ ^b; Profess..

0..1 ^ll ^^^'^'''' (Craighurst).-There is more profit in the growing of earlv
apples than m any c er crop if you can get a market for them Butfhey come
V ^ -n "^'^^'^ '^ '^ very hot. Does he find the tender variety of apples on the
other side detenorate very fast ? That is what the cdmmission men tell us the v
are tiying to discourage the shipment of apples in cold storage

Prof. Robertson.— The reports I have are that when apples are taken out of
CO d storage m warm weather, moisture forms on them and that causes them to
deteriorate^ Without cold storage they cannot be sent at all. A Montreal Thin
per shipped Duchess without cold storage and they were a complete loss ^

^ The Rev. W. Wye Smith.- Would the Professor tell us whether the Cana
lan manufacturers have any good prospects for canned fruits in the old countrv >
Prof. R0BERTSON.--I saw a good many samples of Canadian canned fruits
in Britain. I spoke of them as favourably as I could at the Boards of Trade
when 1 met merchants ; and I examined some cans in the hands of merchants
there, who said they were pleased with them. I think that is a growing trade

18

those Lade inTr a' u TI e cos of Z "l^ '''"'/?"' ^^'"^^ ^'^ ^°'"P^'^ -it!.

ai^sblld to4e fheroSth" "'"^l " T"^'^^'- with shipping
barrel they sl,ouIdTput in okl st™ ^- "■' 'r"""? °f ''^''' ^""^^^ ^"^ P"^ '" t

TRANSATLANTIC TRANSPORTATION.

tio„;ui.inrft"vTurbtVe;i%rat "LHu;^ '" '^^ ^'"^ °^ ^--p-^-

so much to do. Professor Robertfon 1 M .^ '^ "^ "°^'' ^"^ ^^ y°" have had
you to open th; discSn and £0 he ""^"^P^J^t.'"" oi fruit, I would a.k
subject viill be gladly heard ^'^ '^'"'■°"' °^ 'P'^'^'"^ °" that

gestiv';tfdSc°"^.^:;.tii^^^^^ ^^.^^ -b;.ct will be rather .ug-

Ripening of apples goes on onfyrhen the ?fuit'i'.'C', "'f '"°■^^"'^'^'>' '^ '■°'^-
perature. If the ten^perature Se^ut Iwn low-^^^^^^ ^^^^h tem-

process practically stops. Now unle.. .nm« 2 f ^1 ^ Fahr.— the ripening
the temperature, "the ripeninrDrocess I. "^^^"l^^, '"^^"s are taken to reduce

heat and. therefore, mars'tle^e^^f^g^ron'' s?ilf fSer"7'd?i ''ZV''^''''''
of the mam uses of cold storage until T l^frn^i m • " \ ^'^ "^^ ^"°w one

in the convention that the cat^^of tl/e e^ r"nc ea^br^^^^^^^ •"" T ""'^'^ '''''
able to the actual presence of the Devil fn fU f •? fr ^^""l '" ^PP'^^ ^^s trace-
to see that the Devil himself accustomLtn. "''• /^^"^hter.) Then I began
ing in a very cold room (LauglUe?T """'"' ^ ' '°"''' ""' ^° ^" ^°^^^-

also.''(Lr4™"~'°"' °' ''' '^°""'"'°" "^" ^>^°"'d be put in cold storage

the^?4ofXTv1iTn^lire7ptlfrn T"'^ -"-'^ ^estrov

highest use of human talent AddL 1^ rSn" ^^'""■'' T^^ '^ ^^'^ to be the
be a chance for letting the heat YhTti ZnSZ"!^ "^^ "'"'"'.' ^]'^'' ^"^ there must
ping the production oi heat ^^"^'•ated escape and also a means of stop-

soon?s"hl"lX";^^^^^^^^^ ^T ^° ^^^°- 5o» I^^hr. just as

he cooled down as l^as /o^^at ^arsoon n^^ '\' ''T' '?^ *h^" ^^ey should
even the very earliest ripening sor'; couW be ln7i^' ""n"' '^'^'- ^^ '^'^' "^^^"^
condition. Now, if they are Putin bar Ju"^^^^^ 'f ?'^ '" ^''^^ Britain in first-rate
will get up to 70° Fa?r n tSe centre o the ba!?rS^- ^"^l ^"^.^^^^ed up close thev
in the hold of 'the ship, the who f ^ac gets Sot'ro^tahV'"''- ? '''''• ^" P"^
then the apples arrive as "wets" and "slacks" ^ """^ ^'"'^' ^"^^

age l^M^^'r^slVLnlAT, JhThalfXtrnt ''\'''' l^' ^^"^ '^'^ ^^^ ^^or- "
barrel at the same time. There is no wav Z^l • '" u°'^ '^^"^^ '''^^d ^^"^ S^- a

except in cold storage. olhervarietL'of'apUs ^ ^^ ^T'" ^.f^'^^

holds. ippies can De earned in cool ventilated

Our large apple trade, to say nothing of the tender anH «ri • •

19

It-
til

lie

ig
a
a

le

graded and properly packed and safely carried. Xow, the uradiiitr and uackin-r

I. wm n.^ T ^""''''^ '" ^''*-' I^-'^'- J"*^' ^ ^vord in regard to LM-adinL

iLnVY 7 '"^'V^''" Srov^' Wlos to .ort out all the sniall inis-shapen ami

blemished apples and , lot to try to sell them in barrels mixed with goo 1 apples ,mr

cularly . for the British market. Half a barrel of good applts wetl scK^^^^^

apir u?us';:^lf': f T'f "'" '^'l' •"^^'•^" "^'^"'^>' ^^^^^ "^'^ - barrel o goo [
S 'i^ . f ^"""^1 "^ 1''^'"" ^W^'"; ^"'^ '•''-' '^■^Pe'ise of carrying the puo-
apples has to be charged against the price of the good apples To pro ect oi-
th 'v' mul^o 'n" '" ''' ^""^ "^^ °^ """"^'"^ the^^rowirftJ a rX ion that
possible wav T ?h '"^ """" 'n i'^'^'^'''^! ^^^^ ^^nless he does so in the best
cutt n^ nff H, / . ^'•^^••^^"ovv the other practice to prevail they are simply
cutting od the bes market; because the British public won't pav the price for
mixed apples that they will pay for graded apples in line condition: ^

h..a,: t ^'^ merchant sells on commission, and he says: "Send in barrel."

toTv'Iln' '"\ fl "'^'" '" ^fV'^' ^'^^" '" ^^^''' ^"^ the commercial man of
to-day does not take any trouble if he can help it. xNow. I would send appio
across in bushel boxes and let the commission 'man fume for a while iwhie
ago they said: "You can't send any eggs here except in large cases." Now The

me^^We'cairsIrr '^^nT' ^'f '^'',''''' '" "^^ ^^'^''- R^^^'' "^erSs tei
me. We can sell a small box of apples when we could not sell a barrel " It

wou d pay a locality to have a cold storage into which the ppls would go fo

vS/T ^he Government, have engaged this autumn to put in what [hey ca 1
ventilated coo storage m the ships; and late fall and winter apples will go bet^e

Z"S T '".r''^ ^T'^'- V' P"""^'^^^ '^>' ^ d"'^^ t° ^^"-O fresh oM afr to
the hold where the apples are. There is a cowl on top to catch the wind An
other duct leads from the top of the hold to allow the warm a r to esclpe and a
an hastens it out. That makes a nice cool draught through Jhe hold and alFowt
the heat to escape. I think the apples should be foiled at d e tart ng point hen
carried in cool cars and in ventilated places on the steamships. ^^ ^ '

Prof T?nS7r=y?"^'^i','?"'' '•f °"J'"endations apply to all varieties of apples?
U .n^f i' 5°^^\^so^-.-A 1 apples that are moved in hot weather. If every apple

;iaT;iXefto E^glanJ'^^^' ' '-''' ^^^ ^^ ^ "^'^ ^^^ ^^P^^

t^ KL^.?-n ^"^^°lf?d London; Thomsons to London; the Donald on''
to Glasgow; the Dominion Line to Liverpool, and others;. There are several biL^
ines out of Montreal arranging to have them for the carriage of app es wftho U
hem apples and cheese were being carried in sucii had condition diat the trade
was being impenlled^ I think if the Fruit-Gvowers' Association of Ontario and
the fruit-growers of Canada do not take hold of this transportation problem and
bring about better methods and facilities they may as well go out of 5ie buless
The fruit-growing has been done fairly well; but there has been so much loss an 1
damage and dissatisfaction from the spoiling of fruit on the wav to the market.

coJrect'ed'"' '^'^" "" ^''^* *^ '^^"^'' """'^ ^^ '^^^^"^ ^°''' ""^ ^"^

^ It would pay every fruit-growing locality to have a special cold storage build-
ing and a special agent to look after the isportation

A. H. Pettit.— I would like to ask wnat is the prospect of caoaritv Jn mhl
storage on board our steamships? A great many want to know if it is probable
there is space for them to ship? proiwuiL

20

Prof. Robertson.— I am not able to answer the question just yet, because
negotiations are pendnig for an enlargement of the cold storage space in the ships
that now have it, and the putting of it in the new steamships that are coming out.
IJuring last season the cold storage chambers were filled from about the '•nd
of August. The applications for room in them were greater than the capacity of
the cold storage about the first week of September. The steamship companies
are now ofTenng to put m larger cold storage compartments on certain conditions
but the negotiations are not yet carried to a conclusion. The probability is that
there will be enough cold storage accommodation next year for all the tender fruits
that are ready to go. and better ventilated cool storage space for some varieties*
of apples that arc half way between the very tender ones and the fall ones.

t*