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BULLETIN lOa. ^^^^ ^^^^

Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm

TUB SAN JOSn SCALE.

(AspidhthiH peiDichtsuM),

Bv .1. H. I'ank.n,

I KOKKSSOK uy |{U,M..;V, OntaH.O A.MUcr,.T. U.U. C.W.LK.iK.

PUBLISHES) BY
THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AQRIOULTURE. TORONTO.

m

WARWICK' BRO'S & RUTTER, Pa.T''''

NTKRS AND B00KBIN»«B», FrO.NT «T WksT

1897.

9^1

THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

AVO

EXPERIMENTAL FARM, GUELPH, ONT.

HON. JOHN DRYDBN, Toronto, Ont

Minister of Afirrioulture for Ontario.

James Mills, M. A., LL.IJ

J. H. Pantom, M.A., F.(t.S. ' v, t \ i^r " . ' " ^''esident.

A. E. ShuttJworth. B.A. i, 1*'"'*-" "^ Natural HUtory and Geology.

J. H. Reii), V.8. ■ • • P'^'essor of Ch|mi8try.

H. H. Dean, B.y.A." "' '^'"'^'""•f '^ Veterinary ScienM.

Wu. Rennie I'^^faM"- of Dairy Husbandry.

C. A. Zavitz, B.S.A. . . J"""™ Superintendent.

G. E. Dat, B.S.A. Experimentallat.

H. L. HcTT, B.S.A. AgricuIturiBt.

F. 0. Harrison, B.S. A. Hortioulturiat.

J. B. RETNOLna, B.A... / " . "• Bac^eriologirt.

J. F. Claek, B.S.A " !*""'•«"> EnKlish and Physic,

R. Ha RoooHT, B.S.A. .. Rewdent Master.

L. G. Jarvis .. .. \r.„.„ll at " ■ '^""'•n* Chemiat.

R.F. HOLTERMANK.. ^*'""'K«'' *°d Lecturer ,n Poultry Department.

Captain Walter Claree t ." ^*'"*' «>» Apiculture.

W. O. .Stewart, M.U. ..'" ..*' ..'" ..'" " '°''''"'=*°' "> »'«» "d Gymnastioi.

Q. A. Putnam "..".. Physician.

A. MoCallcm \ * Stenojfrapher.

Bursar.

ADVlaORY BOARD.

John I. Hobson, Ckairtnan r „„i„k r. .

John McMillan, M. P. . Ouejpb County of Wellington.

Edward Jeffs . . „ »e»f 3rth, County of Huron.

J. 8. Smith .. ,, B«»d Head, County of Simcoe.

G. B. BoTOE .. ,**»P'«^»e. County of Midaiesex.

D, A.DowuNa . ^'0'«""n. County of Northualxirland.

Wm. Donaldson .. Appteton, County of Carlet#n.

^P"'y Minister of Agriculture, Toront*.

The
the most
as early
four yeai
and a we
tion neec
the Agrii
United S
our Prov

1. II
has winte
have com
000,000.
giving bin
young wh
insects d\
generatior
of several

2. In

3. Tl
attacked :
pear, plum
hawthorn

4. Th
the same
sixteenth <

5. It

BULLETIN io6.

San Josl? Scale.

(A»in(liotu8 pcrnicioma.)

United State" NoTnsectTB mor« X,?;^ ^""^ experiment stations in the

our Province ihafthis San J^rScJe ' """" ''° ^-it-growing interests of

Wiir THE Insect Causes Alarm.

h.ve computed tt« Lrp^Z/S^*"' °h Si'T '?>.': ''°8l\««"-' i «'«■<'
rton nnn Tk«~. ~. u /"^t**'"y ™*y 'e»cn the incredible number of 3 000

Kbirth^toTivrg^t ?J^^^^^^ •" * rr- ^'^'^ ^-^^^^ 'e-'es of'eaSi
young when aboit thirty days old Earf«Tf"'K*^" P''?*'^^ °' *^««« »'«»"'»8
insecfs during her li e fme Thus if ^11 h? 1 "fu^V"'" ""'«°°« l^O-^OO
generations will soon S ks th.r« mL ^'^ f'**' *" «'«*^ confusion of

It several generatbns * ™*^ '" "P^'^ «* P'**"* ** "'^^ ««"« the young

2. Infested young trefs perish in two or three years
attacL?L3:rm'/;:fgttru^^^^^^^^^^ *". P"*f ^^'•^^ '»-' -X »-

the L?'c jrt "?heTall Tf r,^««?^;°«X°l>°«t«- The scale is often much
..eenthof an inrh ^^:! ^ ^^^T^J:^ .^^^^ ^^^
5. It is readily introduced by nursery stock and fruit from infested trees.

i

's?

1

Its PRB8BNT DiSTniBUTION.

Florid.; oX'.t,utra*^vL "fj .^-"^ ^<-^^ '» AUba...

Mainland, New 'Ck? OhV5«';''i^^^^^^ Ma^wchusett.

reported in British Oo umbU aS^ow Sortl.^ i "^'?"'* ' ^° ^^»* '' '^w
to announce it .a present in sJuthe™ OnLi« a^ '" ''""* °^ ^^^^ ''^ »»*ve
to have been foun/laet wilr n^i'Safham * ^"^ 'P*'"*"^"" "' ''^^

Whbn and Whencb it Oamb.

originXzr cXor. "^hrrw^rnors •°^^'^'«*''°° "• ^^^^ ^' --

Valley as f*r back as 1873 In fsSO Prof n "** *t ^^"^^ *'* '^^ ^an Jos.?

It 1. believed to have been introduced inrtheE«i?inlT«fi%K*?''';r * "°*'«'
nursenes, one at Burlineton the oth«r I> t f**f o f ^^^'1 ^^ *^° ^^^ Jersey
from the San Jos.^ ValCa variett of W * ®'^"'* Jhese firms imported
claimed to be curculio pi^f. TlSSO or^S t?« "2' ^ ^'^-^y- ''^"^'^'^
importation beijan to be dintr h.,!^ i ° J " **'® *^"* "^^^y "tocK from this
wa? first observ'ed^on JEe'^slt^n'^d::? SellTkv M T- '"^^ ?*° '^' «-'"
in an orchard of Charlottesville Viwinia a^^^ .M°»^t»'n>- It was located
extended the list of infeiteddScts * • ""'' ''^'^ «*«*» '«*"<>'» »>"«

How IT MAY BK DiSTRIBUTBD.

l»lpU»tr^rolX°tX°'T,iJe't{'.rj' " "»"""•.••"« quit.
• few hours, at most a dav or twT" t/ *?'*''® movement is very brief—

pl.ce. thensetUri^<:^2cove^w[th?sri/;'^.- ^7 ««hes 'rom its birth-
mains fixed for 1 fe and b^^n. «.Ii • ®' *"'' "" '^® «»"« o"»>o female, re-
becoming fixed, it l^ei"by ^fkin/S^ «7yr°«/\'*^"' '^'^^ •^•y-- After
The malls have wingT aS may flJ I W L I .' PJ*'^* "P0° which it is located,
wingless. Daring ife foj K « dlvs th^*H "*^'- ^"* '^' '«"**'«■ *'« '^''•y*
j;ay getuponbird;.suchini:ras;ntTndsm^^^^^ "'T*' ^'''^

to other trees. One observer has noti!,!^ ♦!. * • "^V ' . ^^ **»®°' ^e carried

often more common n^a7iJd's"er^a t,^ "'^''''^ ^"'"''^' *^« ««•!« "
they present favorable condlSLTbebg SSsSl'" pZ? f" °.'T **^r*^«''
may have the scale upon it • even wind mil f-V -^ ^?"* infested trees
that appear at first Z comnarotiveW ?2?^ T!* '"^ fPJ^«»di°K these insects
Thus bi^s, insects, A tffiSnf^filT '°*T'' 5^ **>«'^ ^'^'^ efforts,
all be important facers i^hrdirbuUrn^V^^ '^^' '""^ -"^ -^^

The LiFK Histobv of the Insect.

moHt a day or two, then settle but a few inches from their birthplace and
becomeattached to the .pot from which the female, never move. DuCg thSr

rdXonS?!^ TK °''''^•*'**J^^8'•/•*''" (antenna) eye. and wings in the

^d ma.S Jf i^u" '"T f '"'^^'''^ *° one-twentieth of an inch in diameter.
?he b^rJ .h ^•*^' °' '^fu''' «™y •'°^°'"' •^'^^ """^"y » "»'<'»» the same color a
Th«i!?«U 55 "P.P'^'V''^ ''°*'^ "»y *^ * l'»^« y^^o'' or blackish color
The scale cf the maleis oblong, with the nipple near one end, and is thu. r^Uy
dist.ngui.hed from that o the female. The female brings forth living X«f

dulif1.r7^'"t^'".u®*''"?*y^"'^8 into existence from 100 to 500 yJung
during the six weeks of her existence after reaching the adult stage

^h^J^^ males develop about a week sooner than females, the latter takins
t^^ Jt^r'"'' ?•* emerge from their scales as exceedingly mbute two*

.rn«:?geJl'Sor?.^o Jr '""^' -'-'^ ^'^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ •^ -^-^ —

soon IJiL'SiV ^^^'^j'"^^ '» formed from a waxy secretion which commence,
.oon after they come into existence, and form, a protective covering as devS

SrvKlTow Jo". '^T''7 ?f»8e.°'«~"'»»'^««-'« presen^'a somewhat
grayisb-yellow color, and gradually become, darker.

The general appearance upon affected twigs i^ that of a craviah slichtlv
Zii^iy.'"'''^^'^''^ I^'^'^'' thenatu^l reddish colofTthettng
with ashes. If the scale, are crushed, a yellowish oily liquid will awj Ir
from the crushed soft yellow insects beieath the .cales.^ Examined n sum

dS bZL^"r ^r rT'°^°''^.'"""''°°'^y-"»»i'« youn, scales, mingli wiSi
old bromior blackened matured scales. This insect produces a peculUr red-
dening eff«st upon the skin of the fruit and of tender twigs ArencircSL

S^;::^S:^urnt"'"'^ rr'^ *t? '""«•" °^ -«^ ffmale scari v^y*
marked on the fruit of pears. The cambium layer of young twijrs where scales
are massed ,s usually stained deep red or purplish Where the^cTles^i few
the purplish nng surrounding each is quite distinguishable.

Kbmedies.

whalJonZn*!'"" ^"""i ^^' '""'^r P'"'"'^* ^^'^ ^^'•'"^ = ^'"•'•''"^^ ^<^f^es, such as
whale oil soap ; penetrating substances, such as gases or kerosene emulsion and

tlJe'you^g""*""'^*'""''''^'^ ''"^^^ '"^^ ««*'«-- *° P-venrthe e^'pe of

itis oilvIIlLtSlKf hydrocyanic acid or the gas treatment is very eff-ectual, but
itS^k ^ 'Z tn •" "^'^lu r.'»' especially in the treatment of imported nui^e^

r StaS::&:'^r--n^^ -^ -^^

-u rac„ a nttle leos rhan six feet iong, live feet wide, four feet

6

2. One of the moat effectual remedies, and one readilv aoDlied i« tt,o „« «#

•pplictioDa o( Z .il^ter™ ; "f J!! 1™ I'll r.'" """"f- ■""" "" 'o"'
tion. i. decidedl/lhe mort .uooMfal treatmmt witb Wrong „|„.

Sdogestions.

in inf«.^"d"i^o,r'""^ """'^ """ *■"' '-^ "' "'»■" •'™8'" '">■" ■"""*.
2. Jf only a few trees are infested destroy them

5. Examine frait from infested localities.

1

Agrio
NiNga:

Appearai

X

nil mon tiollmt cut taken from Bulletin 3, U. 8. Dtpurtmeiit .-of

*''-'"T„v^z'i-iuv^-^rc73T^^^^^^^^

yi

iU

Newspapers receiving this Bulletin will please notice it in their
columns, calling attention to the presence of a new enemy to fruit
^rowmg, and advising all interested to apply to the Department of
Agnculture at Toronto for a copy of the Bulletin.

iie*