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Laa eartaa. planehaa. tableaux, etc.. peuvent itre nfcnde A dee taua da rMuatian diffiranta. Lorsqua la document est trop grond pour fttre reproduit en un soul clich*. il est film* a partir da Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A dr^ta. at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombre d'fmagaa ntcaaaaira. Laa ^agrammaa auivanta yiiieii^ii Ib iHaMtA^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) ^ /APPLIED IIS/MGE Inc ^^y. 1653 East Main Street S'.A Rochester. New York 14609 USA FJBt (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone fSB (716) 288 - 5989 - Fox WILD FLOWERS EAST OF THE ROCKIES BY CHESTER A. REED, B. S. Author of "Land Birds," "Water Birdi^" " North 4iiierican Birds," Btc. With C» ; i .owers in Color, paisted by tlie Author. TORONTO THE MUSSOK BOOK COMPANY UMITSD 1910 ^Copj^ht^ 19,0 TO MERTICE ELAINB The Little "Fkmm CM" in tkt ■^■"-ffirttco TU> Book ii AffKtaMy fatoM PREFACE Every book has a reaBun for its belnf,— or ■taould have. There are excellent flower booki. gKkm, but apparently there is a break In the series into which ?* present volume vlW make a welcoine nt. We are living in a progi^ sslve age. an inqultl- tlve age, an age in which we want to know the names and meMiiic of «ll we aee and hear. I have always neljl that a well-executed colored picture, as a meant of Identiflcatlon. is worth pages of text Of course *® attOBtfcm to the salient points of the picture. In the case of flowers, birds, mammals, etc., the habits, ranges, sizes and other Important points must be obtained from the text but SlSiSftSltSn*^' ^ «f ««lek M nir* I was practically brought up among birds and. con- sequent y, flowers, because the two are tnaeparablc companions in the fields. Wherever I wandered T had one eye open for "new" flowers. »Jvery t i h prize went home with me; if not carried » tlie hand, wliy,— in the top of the hat. No sooner uome than out came the old ••Oray's", the microscope and dis- secting points. Sister and I eagerly weighed the evi- dence, placing the "find" in one family and then an- other as discrepttciea were found, until at last, we had it cornered down to the fUnily, the wmm and. finally, the exact species. ' -»5^«£? w InvenUon Is designed to accomplish some end quicker or better than it has been done before. via Preface Every step alms to be a step in advance. The scien- tific botanist, a term correlary to that of "closet Nat- uralist" used in Ornithology, still doeu, and always will, analyze his flowers. The layman, however, has no interest in whether the seeds have copious albu- men, or not, or in the number of cells in the plant ovary; he sees a flower,— it may be beautiful, it may be odd or even its very ugliness may attract his at- tention, but he wants to know what it is. To inch seekers, and they include the majority of Nature lov- ers, scientific botany is as a foreign tongue, but the popular book with the colors i>ietur«B fumiidies an open key to knowledge. That is why this book appears:— We do not claim it to be perfect, for we know its shortcomings. But, in so far as it lies in our power, it has been made to serve the most people to their best advantage, taking into consideration the limitations set upon size and upon price. Flowers vary endlessly in size, in color and idtape. Some have simple stems, others are very branchy and bushlike In appearance. Obviously if we attempted to draw the whole pf a branching plant, reducing it down to the size of a small page, the flowers would be so tiny they could barely be seen. In all cases it has been our object to show the flower and that part ot the plant that will best serve to identify it In nearly every ease the tyi^l form of flower and tA I«af It shown. To as great an extent as is practical, all technical terms have been avoided. In order, however, that (me may if he wish learn the meanings the botani- cal terms that are in y«ry eonumm aae» a Qlauuay is provided. ix The opening pages touch briefly upon the subject of pollenization and propagation of plants. This is a study in itself and an exceedingly interesting one. There is stili opportunity for a great deal of valuable research in this line of study; in fact, it is in the hope of awakening interest in this line that the many brief allusions in the text, to the methods of f6rtlIisatio& are made. The interdependence existing between the plant, the insect and the animal world is amazing. One will be astonished at the truths he will discoTor by closely wftttdiiiig th« llTiBg ptamti and their vlst* tors. The body of the book contains plants, chiefly herbs, found east of the Rocky Moa&tains, that are ecmspieii- ous in flower. These are arranged in their natural and most approved order. Many attempts have been made to group flowers according to XMkt cohnrs, but there are so many colors and flowers of the same spe- cies vary so greatly that all such attempts have been chiefly failures as far u awrtattng eaqr idratifleatioii is concerned. About 90 per cent of the paintings, from which the colored illustrations were made, were sketched and colored directly from freshly collected flowors gath- ered from Maine to Virginia. I have been very great- ly assisted in the work oy many friends, and am es- pecially indebted to Mrs. Ella L. Horr, Custodian at the Worcester Natural History Museum, and to Mr. Herbert D. Braman, Curator in the Dept. of Mineral- ogy, in the same Institution; very many of the flow- ers figured herein, especially some of the rarer varie- ties, we c^leeted and kindly loaned hy tb4»n. The technical descriptiOBs nfi, ranges are based * Preface cal Congresr tL ' il **** international Botani- new ^^n^'^^onT'okrJ' the Worcester. Mass. CHESTER A. REED, March, 1910. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Glossary of Botanical Terms Parts of PUmts Methods of Heproduction . . . Spedtaized Flowers WILD FLOWERS Key to Flowers by Color . . . Preface ziii GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS. A-ute—Terminating In a sharp point. 1?^™?/^^°' naturalized. ^Jfil**"^ year's duration. ippre^Ii^vfr f * '^^^"".'^ containing pollen. AvS A«fr^^ ^ ?^?^^ flat against t"*'^® '°''™ed by a leaf and stem. i^i^r*" 'P'*"*^"^ ^^^^^ the stem at the Biennial~6f two years duration. Bilabiate-^Two-lIpped. aTowerslem"""^**"*^ ^^'^^ at the bMe of ct!jp;;^a^tJ^L^Ill^^^^^^^^^^^ °' » «ower. '^^^telTirort?^^^^^^^^ ^« -'^t the Composite— A compound flower heart Mmfoinin. many tubular or ray florets seatedin n^acted Pntn^ ^""^^ Involucre. (As daisy thistle etc ) Compound-Composed of several similar Mrt« ™^ CnrLl^^^^^^f ".P °^ leaflets • petals as opposed to sei«Js of X 'calyx ^ Corymb-A flat topped cluatSTof flow^r^ Preface C^o8s-fertllIzation--,The pollen of one flower coming CrJ^iS^t^^ "^^^ ^"S^'a of another. Disc Plower8--Tubular florets foand in the centers of composite flowers »-»ui,t>r» p!;™~^'"'!S*^"f^'«*' ^^^tJ* or divisions. Evergreen— Having green leaves at aU Umes. Fertile— Capable of producing fruit Ftertilization-The quickening of th^ seed in the flow- iiHi^«L7*''Jl* ^1 P*'"®" '^O" anthers. cl,;r^r.'"*" o' • Glabrous-Smooth; not rough or hairy Glaucus-Covered wtlh a whitish bloom imnJif^^"^®''®** ''»^er coarse hairs '"^'giMs^ intentionally from other re- ing a head or flower cluster Irregular-With parts unequal in sise or shape pointed at the end and tapering at thp baap Leaflet-A single division of a^om^und feirf " LlSl^P^h'l?^;! narrow «rlth pHrt^mmar^ hZlf division of a two-parted corolla- the broadened petal of an orchid * Nenre— A rtagle, mtoau^ vein or rib. Preface Ovary— Part of the pistil containing Meda ''"'"of tTe'^Cd"'^ «>• Parasitic— stealing nourishment from other Dlaiite Pedicel-The stem of a single flower "^'Twror J'^cTuTer ""^'^^^^ ^"^^ ^ Perennlal-Oiie that lasts year after year Perfect Plower-4>,.e liavtei both"Si^Sl- and pis- Perfoliate— Leaf pierced by the stem S^Al^n^S r' " flower. sllir;?"''"""''' "^"^ '^»fl«*« wranged on each Pi«tii ^v, ^ common petiole. 8«i •«» Ss K^FemL^. flJ^ ^^^^ o' ^ flower. S)llen-T^P Hfon. J'^f ^' P*''*"^ no stameaa. Kme^L oS'^H fl"''*"^ *n anthers, xtaceme Fediceled flowers growing alone a more R«Hi-* J®5? elongated flower stem *^ " * '^o'^® Ri^A prmTnir^^^^^^ * ScanZT?*'. '^^J* * underground. g^nd.'"""*" flowerHrte«, rlatog- ft^ tHe Sepal-A division of the calyx compounded w bnmcSy^ sStiSll J^^^y "^alfy^ln a ^.tlu. spatBe— A large bract enclosing flowera. ^'^^ Spatulate— Rounded at the end and gradually narrow ing at the base. Splke—SessIIe flowers on an elongated stem, spur— A nectar-bearing, hollow extension of aooK portion of a blossom. 8tamen--One of the pollen-bearing organs. Standard— The nppmr. dilated petal of a pea-like flow er. Stem—The main ascending axis of a plant, sterile — Unproductive. Stigma— That part of a pistil through which pollen effects an entrance. Stlpsule— An appendage, or bract, at base of petiole. Style— Connection between the stigma and ovary. Tuber— A short, thick, underground root havins num- erous buds ta eyes. Tufted— Growing la clomps «• diuteri. Umbel— A flower cluster wltt pedicels all from a com. mon center. • ««• « wm- Velns.— Thread-like branching nerves. Whorl— Arrangemwit to a circle about stem. WILD FLOWERS EAST OF THE ROCKIES Thdr Cmtroetioii, tbefr Growth and their Manner of living I>escriptions and Colored Plates of those Spedes am^jicttoiis In Flower PARTt OF PLANTS. Plants vary endlessly In turn but, with the ezcep. tion ot a few i)ara8itlc ones, all have roots. FORMS OF ROOTS^The form of root most often found on j)lants Is the flftrmt* root, made up of numer- CU8 branching rootlets or fibres. The thick, fleshy horizontal root found on most perennials is called the nmMalk; the plant stem grows In new posttlons each year, leaving scars to denote the locations of stems of previous years. Many grow from round nulhs, composed of over-lapping fleshy scales: oth- ers have solid, fleshy bulbs, or Corms. Often roots give off what are called StolettH, underground runnina liew roots Pl«»t» aod ftiTin F0RIVI8 OF 8TEIVI8.-A Simple stem is one that rises from the root, with no branches before the flOw- er or flower-cluster is reached. Stems are Breet when they are stout, stiff or perfectly capable of maintaining themselves In an upright position. They are /frrhnunj when they are too weak to hold them- selves erect. They are Prostrate or Creei>inf, when they run along the ground, rooting at intervals or °/ such stems usually turn FORMS OF LEAVES.— Leaves are Linear when an7 Zf^^'"'^^ compared to their width, and the sides are prai^caUy paraH^. Tliey we ♦ WOd Fhnm Etui of the Roekie$ Lance&hte when they are long compared to the width, are pointed at the outer end and taper towards the stem end, the greatest width coming near the stem. tipatuMe learet are rounded or hluntly-polnt- ed, broadest near the tip and taper gradually to the stem. Leaves are Arrmc-iha^ed If they have a V- shaped appendage on each side of the base; If these appendages are rounded, the leaves are called Auri- wi#«#e. Other common forms are Ueart-ahaped, Oblona 0v9§ and Bound, Leaves are Kntirc-cdged when they are neither toothed nor lobed; they are Toothed when the edges are regularly and angularly notched; they are Soal- ImA when these teeth are rounded. When a leaf has rounded projections on Its edge, It 18 said to be Loltcd; when these projections are angular. It Is said to be Incised. A leaf made ud of several smaller ones is Compomi4. * 1^ ^^.u' PalmatatHm !Htunded or Palmately-lobed when the leaflets, or the lobes, radiate from a com- mon renter. A compound leaf Is Pinnate when the leaflr re regularly arranged on either side of a comm. stem or axis; when each of these leaflets Is also pill .ate, the entire leaf is said to be Biphmnte. A leaf stem is called Its Petiole. Leaves that have no stems, but are seated directly upon the plant stem are said to be Sessile, if the plant stem apparently pierces the leaf, the latter Is Perfoliate. Two leaves appearing, one on either side of the stem, at the same rS?^^^'® Op/jo«,/r. If three or -ore leaves appear aoout the stem, at the same height, they are Whorled Alternate leaves are those appearing regularly along i^fJ*!™^/^ different heights, if the leaf should ctosp the stem with Its base It Is said to be Sheathing wad FUtmn SmiofUit BmMm 6 8 -suSv h and stamens. The PIgtil slender connecting link between tbe Sim: i^^' usually radiate from the base of the otetil frn^^ /I :k "ost Simple form of flower- the outlines nf fl«TiT« «l i©xt In regard to JVild Flowers East of the Rockies 3 stem is called Solitarif and Terminal. If several are grouped together, they are In a Cluster. Clusters or solitary flowers may occur at the ends of branches or from the angle formed by a leaf and the stem in which case they are said to be Awillary. Chisters of flowers assume different forms When the blossoms are distributed along the upper imrt of the stem, each on a Blender pedicel and at different heights, they are in a Raceme, If they are so dlstrtbuted. but the flowers are stemless the forma- tion is said to be a .V/lten ratrii""th« mh'"^r'" " ren^alned for SprS^f carried from tHe antlm to tiM stigma by insects 10 WUd Flowerg Eati of the Bockie* while feeding on the flowers. He also discovered that the corolla, often brightly colored, was for the purpose of attracting insects and the nectar was for their food; fragrance also was a factor in drawing about the useful insects and, often, lines on the cor- olla or petals directed the visitor to the supply of food at tbe base. It remained for the great Darwin to discover the exact truth about the many complicated methods of fertilization. Whereas Sprengel had supposed in- sects simply transferred pollen from the anther to the stigma on the same flower, Darwin claimed that it was of vital importance that the pollen from one blossom should be left at the stigma of a different one, and that many flowers were so constructed that they were incapable of being fertilized by their own pollen. Nature's plan is to disperse families in order to pre- vent interbreeding, the continuance of which de- creases vitality. All plants are slowly developing schemes for insuring cross-fertilization. Many flow- ers now are self-poUenized, but all first offer the op- portunity to insects of various kinds to perform that oflfice for them, and flowers so cross-pollenized will be stronger and healthier than the others. In ages to come, we may expect that, throttgh the gradual elimination of the weaker, all species will be in- capable of self-pollenization. Methods for the preventing of self-pollenization are numerous and varied. The simplest is in having the anthers or stigma mature, one before the other. Many ingenious devices locate these members where they may not come in contact with one another, and so that an incoming insect will first touch the stigma and then, as he is departing, be showered with or Wild Flower* Eatt of the Rochiet 11 have masses of pollen attached to some pmrtioii o( his anatomy. Many plants, usually annuals, whose roots die each year and that are dependent entirely upon setting of seed for ':heir existence, have what are called cleis- togamous flowers. These are bud-like flowers that never open, but fertilize themselves in the bud. These plants also have flowers that do open and that try to woo insect visitors; the others are for protec- tion in case of several years shortage of useful in- sects. Just us some flowers are so careful in ada|tting themselves to certain useful insects, they mus^t be just as careful in protecting themselves againsi use- less ones. In general, smooth bodied insects are of little value to plants, but they all like nectar. The most useless visitors* Mre crawling ones, esr^^ially ants and it is against these that plants must «rect their barriers. The most frequently used preventative is a downy stem. The small hairs impede upward progress and often exhaust the tiny insects before they can reach the flower; often the calyx is sticky and the maraud- er finds a barrier from which he must turn or risk Ijeing caught on Its surface. Some flowers have their nectar in long slender tubes so that only moths, but- terflies or long-tongued bees can reach it Others have the entrance closed with a palate, to open which the weight of a bee on the platform outside Is neces- sary. Still others, like the Closed Gentian, are al- ways closed, but the petals can be forced apart by the strong bumblebee. Many flowers are very highly specialized, — ^adapted to be fertilised by but one species of fnaeet TMt ^ ^^thers however mature before the stigma develops, so pollen of a blossom win have no effect should it fall uPon the stigma he same flowers. It is not ^^^^^^^ tent of being dependent uixm a certain insect, dw welcne hav^ tog two kinds of flowers. These different flowers do ^t grow on the same plant, nor "««any in the same ^ump. The little pictures on the plate ^"1 serve to show the different forms of the flowers better than T otin describe them. Examine one little clump care- luuTiiTJott iSf fiiid four UtUe yellow anthers in a Wild Flowert Eaai of ike BoekUt 15 sJIgiit enlargement near the mouth of the corolla tube, and almost blocking it; further examination of this flower will dischMe a short pistil with a forked stigma In the lower part of the tube. Care- t'ully look over other clumps and you find some in which the *livided stigma will appear at the Uiroat, in place of the Anthers found In the first instance. You will also notice that the corolla tube, in this last instance, contracts a little just above the base; just above this contraction we will find the four anthers. The anthers and stigma In each flower mature at the same time, yet the flower cannot fertilize itself; the pollen grains of anthers at the top of the tnbe, are larger than those in anthers located near the base. The pollen from the high anthers will not quicken the seed of a low pistil, neither will that of a^low anther accomplish this result with a high pU- Thus it Is a ..ute)y necessary that the life-giving germs be carried not only from one flower to aiM^er, but usually from one clump to another. Bees and small butterflies commonly visit bluets, the bees, with their larger tongues, being the most service- able; as he sips the nectar from the cup. If a high- anthered one, he gets pollen on his tongne near the facp- if a low-anthered flower, the pollen, is attached near the tip of the tongue. In either case it will be left at the door ci the first flower he Tfatti of the <»• liosite kind. Nearly any flower that we may chance to pick will have its story to tell to the sharp-eyed. — more interesting than fiction can relate, because they are ti iiths. We may learn how the Mountain Laurel has Its pollen on tiny springs waiting to clap it at the 16 Wild Flowers East of the Rockies proper moment on the body of a visiting insect. The milkweed will show us how Its pollen masses are connected In pairs; how the legs of butterflies and bees become caught In the sharp angle of this con- necting link; how the pollen masses are torn from their sheaths and carried to another blossom, a re- verse operation freeing the insect from the valuable part of his burden and leaving It at its proper destin- ation; and, alas, how many insects, not strong enough to free themselves, perish in tills trap. The Orchids, wonderful creations, and the most highly specialized of all our flowers, each being adapted almost exclusively to a certain species of Insect, will show us their ingenious methods of plas- tering their pollen masses to the eyes or the tu. nutlets are very sharply pointed. This species IS lound in northern U. S. and southern Canada BRANCHING BUR REED (S. androcladum) throws LleJTl''^^ flower-bearing branches fiom tL angles of the upper leaves LEAST BUR REED (S. minimum) is slender and \Z IS fh^^^^T teavesWss-llke float mg on the water; northern U. 8. and Canada. BBOAB-1.EATED AftltOW-HKAD. Sagittaria latifolia. Narrow-leaved Ahrow-heai»» Sagittaria Engelmanniana. Wild Flowers East of the Rockies 23 WATLR PLANTAIN FAN. '.Y (All.maceae.) or%^a'^m.r1f«''°^-"'^^° (Saglttaria.) Arrow-heads Mo„* »iost beautiful watw a wava ^iu^!^ ""^^^ ^^^^^^ are fhl/ appearance. AH species have three pure white petals with a golden center formed by the large anthers. The foUowing are the most distinctive of the twelve species noi recognized In Gray's Botany. They usually grow in the water but sometimes on the muddy shores, and flower in June thP u f^'^nS* as noted these species are common m tne u. S. and southern Canada. BROAD.LEAVED ARROW-HEAD (Saglttaria latifo- .a) has broad arrow-shaped leaves on long petioles in^'whiH Ti-. 3-petalled white flowerrgJow in whorls of three, the upper ones being -taminate and the lower pistillate. Seed, winged on toottedgel «moJh"l>t*^*^*^ horizontal bealTThls sp^c^s Is smooth but a variety, ( pubescens) has the stem quite wooly. Common in the wHole of ^ iiSge NARROW-LEAVED ARROW-HEAD (8. Engelman- - niana) has very narrow Ifeaves with linear sagittate bases The seeds are winged but tie be«k?o£u being beat at an aogteiS to ^ LANCE-LEAVED •AOITTARIA (8. heterophylla) has lance-shaped leaves with usually no sa^nSe aii pendages to tbe bases. The seed is ^und, winiSd aSS tn oV"^^ * 5*^ flowering stem reachS to the surface and floats the small, 3-petalled white flowers. Found locally in the East. Used e^iS£ ly m aquaria as it is an exceUent oxygen gtv«™ Jack-iw-thb-Pulpit. Aruaema triphjfUum, Wild Flower* Eatt of the Bookie* 25 ARUM FAMILY (ArsMM). This is quite a large family of plants containing six genera. All liave acrid or pungent juices; flowers closely crowded on a spadix, usually surrounded by a spathe; leaves either simple or compound and of various shapes. Genus (Arisaema). JACK.IN.THE-PULPIT or INDIAN TURNIP (Arlt- aema triphyllum) is the most abundant and the best known representative of this genus. In most all moist woods and often in unexpected shady nooks, you will find Jack, represented by Ihe spadix, look- ing out at you from his pulpit, represented by the spathe of the flower. The siMtUie is light green, more or less striped with brown, especially on the inside; the spadix is also green and has the tiny flowers clustered about its base. The flowers are sometimes of both kinds on one plant, but usually the stamens will be fonnd on one and the pistils on a different one, thus insuring cross-fertilization, which is accomplished chiefly by small flies and gnats. The inside of the spathe fs very tlippery, as is also the spadix, so that many insects are unable to crawl up its sides and perish within. The large solid roots are very acrid and fiery to the taste, but are said to have been relished by the Indians, al- though they are now often used in the concoction of medicines. Usually two, thrice-compounded leaves spread shelteringly over the flower spathe on long stems. Large chisteni of bright berries remain after the leaves have withered. Flowers Uuroiu^Mmt V. S. from April to July. . .GREEN DRAGON (ArlMema draeontium) has cme leaf divided into ten radiating pointed leaflets on a long stem, sheltering the flowers clustered at the base of a projecting spathed spadix. A. Water Arum. Cidla paluHrU. B. GoLDBN Clus. Orontium oquaUeum. Wild Flowert Etut of the Roehtet 9,1 WATER ARUM (Calla patustris) is our only rep- resentative of Its genus. It Is quite a common plant in cool bogs, where it grows from six inches to a foot in height. The root stalks are perennial and branch out through the soft mud. continually throw- ing up new plants, until shallow ponds may become completely carpeted with the beautiful dark green, heart shaped leaves. The leaves stand above the water on long petioles. This plant is distinguished by a beautiful, waxy-whit^, Bpreadlng spatbe that is often mistaken for the flower. The true flowers are small and perfect, clustered at the end of a yellow spadix. They give forth a rather disagreeable odor that attracts to them num- erous little flies that assist in poUenization, although the plant is capable of self-fertilization.. Each plant usuaUy has but two leaves. The flower- ing season is in June; In August they have been transformed into clusters of red berries. You may find this plant commonly in cool bogs from N. J. and Mo. northwards. GOLDEN CLUB (Orontium aquaticum) is also our only member of its genus. As you will see by the op- liosite picture, there Is no protective spathe for the golden floral club, yet it flourishes equally as well as its more fortunate relatives. The florets are complete, having six sepals and stamens; they are set closely on the swollen spadix and attract many flies and evm water snatls that cross-fertilize them simply by crawling over the clubs. While there is no apparent spathe about the flower spike. It appears a little lower on the stem as a leaf- like.-sheath. The leaves of the Golden Club are I'ointed oblong in shape, floating on the surface of the water by means of long stems from the perennial iootstalk. Flowers in May from Mass. to Fla. and westwards. mid Fhwen Etui of the Rockie» Qmnvm (Sympiocarpus). The common SKUNK CABBAGE (Symplocarpu* foetidus) although regarded by many only with dis- gust, has one claim that cannot be disputed, that of being our first flower to bloom each year. It is not uncommon to flnage has. We must conclude that this odor, combin- ing that of the skunk and of putrid meat is for the i)urpose of attracting carrion flies that they may per- form the function of fertili^iT's the flowers. The flower spathes show a very great diversity of ( oloring according to their age, ranging from a pale k'l-een sparingly streaked with brown to an abnost solid purple tone. The flowers are small, perfect and closely crowd- <'d on the thick fleshy spadix, concealed or partially so by the large, thick, purple and green stained hood ; The leaves appear after the flower has wltt-red or commenced to do so; they are bright green, .^r^r, <-abbage-like, and strongly veined; quite handsoiue, in fact. These plants range from N. S. to Minn, and southwards, chiefly in boggy ground. Wild Flowers East of the Rockies SI SPIDERWORT FAMILY (Commellnaceae). A small family of herbs containing. In our range about a dozen sjjecles under two genera. DAY-FLOWER (Commelina communis) is one of a very few of our native plants having pure blue flow- « rs Its common name is very appropriate because each blossom lasts but a single day. opening in the momiBg. and before night, shrinking away to a little mass of jelly. Its generic name was given by Linnaeus in honor of a Dutch family of botanists by the name of Commelln. It llowert all summer and spreads rapidly by striking out new roots from the leaf joints on the reclining stem. h JJlf* Jointed and attains tl^ll ? ^"^o 'T^e leaves are lance- shaped clasping the stem at its joints. The flowers have three Irregular sepals and three petals: two petals are large, rounded and blue, while the third 8 tiny and eolorless; three stamens are sterile and have no anthers, while three others are fertile, with "lange anthers; the whole flower peeps out from a 'frnS .1°'"^*^^' »»«*t-8k»Ped leaf or spathe. Found .r ^'ass. to Mich, and southwards, bloom- lD?r!'«»«^^l^ dooryards from June to Sept. Jnl? n^^^.^^'r.'^^Kf ^^^"^ (Tra-escantla virg- mana), Uke the Day Flower, remains open but for !;f,ff.nn„*^^*^' "^^^""^ contract into ni nl« ^^".^ ^^'^'^^ °' "8 common nin^.. J^® in honor of th^ FiTst gardener for King Charles (Jt^hi^i^'^rru J^'^'y ^"o^'y; 'rom one to two Hf fhii!. K ^® ^^^^^^ and clasping hairv ipn?f T^"^^ P"^P'« P«ta»«. three brown, hairy sepals and six orange tipped stamens compose to ^5^^ ^ in rich soil from \ug^t. wuthwanto. aoweri^ froai Jwe to A. PlCKKII -WBED. Pontederia t ordata. B. Mi d Plaxtaix. Heteranthera reniformis. wad Flomw Muti 9f BoM§9. PICKimuWIlO FANMLY (PwrtttftrlMMM.) A small family of aquatic plaatl CQOitettec. IB our range, of only four ipeciet fronped nod^'two PICKEREL-WEED (Pontederia eordata) is an < eerlingly abundant water plant, growing proftifeiy in shallow ponds or along the edges of fresh water streams, and flowering from June to Aug. Its name s derived from the habits of pt,f®*'^****''^?^«^®^°' above the surface of the water. Common^ toamA tm N 8 to Manitoba and southwards. n '''■^'^TAiN (Hetcranthera reniforwis) has sn,«n .1f'\J?ir"°''^^f^ ^P*'^® proceeding frim a r^.Liv^^*^'^!?^'^®- '^^^ P«^»°t»» J« blue and ntf hli^ 6-parted The three stamens are unequal. « o being tipped i yellow antbm mi the ttiird i iv«f '^^^ are round-lobed. FnnnTf^P^;.*^~*^« stalks from the rJot Pound from Ct. to Neb. and southwards ». dubia has a single yellow flower with eoual out'Z'iit?? /Lf!^ 5*^«^ " found through! out the United Statea and MmtiMm Canada. A. Bellwort. UmUarut perfoliata. B. Wild Oats. Oaketia aeuifolia. fVOd FUmert Emt of the Boekiet $5 LILY FAMILY (Llll«cwi«). more^'th^ IS -nr,^"^*^^'^ containing genera and 13 different tribes. Many of these rank as among our most beautiful flowers They ^sniw rich woo^s Jil'l!. f^»-*») i« common in 18 in H«f; f3? reaches a length of 6 to bracks near ti \^ short rootstalk; it has scale-like Dracts near the base and forks toward the ton A ^;'f[\^^F^^-<^olored flower is pendent from thJ end has^ix nTr?nJ ^^f^^' " ^« bell-shaped X zP^^^ tho'rSrs.v^s ible from above. They blossom in Mav »fii tSIL. found throughout the U g ™ LARQE-FLOWERED BELLWORT (U orandiflora^ has larger flowers ; stamens longer tha2 t!2 a?rti and but one leaf below the fork in the stem found from N. H. to Minn, and southwards 0AKE8IA; WILD OATS (Oakesia seas'ifoli.) h». an angular stem from 6 to 14 in. loS^The ovJ e ,an^^^ 0 a e leaves are seated on the stem and nof pierced by it. One or two flowers are suspended opposite ?he eaves near the end of the stemi; thTy fJf similar n size and coloring to those of B4l1wort but the in ter or is smooth while the latter has rough ridirlS" This species is common from Me. to Minn SSd hT?ght''^n*J!i^^J:^^^^!^ '^^e leaves are Mil with no glaucus effect. It is found in the pine barrens from N. J. to 8. Car. A. Wild Lkbk. Allium tricoccum. B. VViLiJ Garlic. Allium canadente. Wild Flowers East of the RockUt 87 ONION; GARLIC Genus (Allium). The various species belonging to this genus are Z^irJ i?",?^ growing from a coated bulb. The flowers grow In an umbS at the top of a long scape that Is sheathed towards the base. fwA^""***** leaves usually wither away before the nnlf 7h '^f^'- ^® rtx-parted flowers, that com- prise the cluster, are rich In honey and are frequcBt. ed by various species of the smaller bees. This spe- hl?« «f ^k""** rich woodland while the other me^n^ beis of the genus inhabit moist fields or marshes a woodland ptent blooming m May and June The fn hf^h*''®'^? an umbel at the top of a scape 6 to 20 Lr*.«ni!h Ju^ ^''T'' Slrianth is divided Into six S«n^i "^f"*^/^?*?- ^« J**^®* oblong-lanc^ t1?;^h.1iK^°*"'^'* f*^**' °° petioles from flnlo "^''"^ "8»»»"y withering before the so^thwardT'*'^ '^""^ *^ A. eernuum has fewer, purplish flowers nodding in a loose umbel at the top of a longer seape. The l^nttwSds I**«to'«»dfroniN.y.teMteh.iSS Mii^"-? ^I'L'-'f carMMlsnw) has few pur- ' 7 «Wt6d flowers on slender pedicels from a (■ uster «.t near salt watef aid snrMds ranidi; In the absence of any odor the beautifni «i«»r^ Jhf *'„^°' ^ above. The flowers Te grein thi°h^o«^"** * lighter shade o1 green, the blossoms are also fragnuit aMVa'^JLlliiSS'SL" ^,t»J^«N CAIVIA88 (Cam- ?a^em!TM„^f btofe flowers in a simpie he flowers appear on short pedicels and ^hj^' Th/t?i%^^^°i«^ ^^"g* pedicels The Bix divisions of the perianth are wide Rnr«.H. c e TL'sor^' ajd the style are exJlmefy'Tn- er. The scape and the linear, keeled leaves hnfh ing in rich ground from Pa. to Minn, and wuthwwX Red Wood Lilt. LUium phUadelphiemm. WUd FUmert Etut of the Rockies 41 LILIES; Genus (Lilium). All the members of this genus are among our most beautiful flowers. In our range it includes tpe- are natives. The two species of Red Lily can readily be recognized because their perianth, or flower funnel, always opens upwards: the divisions of these perianths at their bases are very slender and stem^like in contrast with the fol- lowing species whose divisions are united in a tube at the base. Its name is rather misleading for, while It is sometimes found in woods, they wll! be found blooming most profusely in sandy or brush covered land. One of the prettiest sights of which I know may be seen during the flowering season on the east- ern end of the island of Martha's Vineyard on the cliffs known as Gay Head; as a rule each stalk there bears but a single flower at its summit. This also is true of the Southern Red Uly that is abundant on some of the aaady pine barrens of the southern nhlld?inhl-""\' ORANGE-RED LILY (Lilium philadelphicum) has a leafy stem 1 to 3 feet high at its summit bearing one to four erect (not pendulous) flowers; the divisions of the perianth are deep or- ange-red lightening In color at the stem llke bases and profusely spotted with dark brown; the outside of the perianth Is dull whitish-green. The leaves are lanceolate, sharply pointed at each end and whorled about the stem in groups of from three to seven rTf!I?*u *° ^^^^ August In sandy soil from N. E. to Mich, and ' southwards. «w?"I25S'^ "-'^Y <»-• Catesbael) has a '^i^J ^^^^l^^' bell-shaped, upright blossom, spotted with'n with purple and yellow. The leaves are narrow and scattered along the stalk. Found from N. C. to Mo. and louthwiurda Wild Flowers East of the Rockiet 48 most beautlfol flower; it Is very appropriately speci- fically called superbum. It is prolific In bloom almost beyond belief. One has to see the tall, stately, leafy stalk surrounded by a drooping dusker contklning from thirty to forty brilliant orange flowers, In order Koof il® ?^ Jmpresslveness of this flower at Ita best. The bright sepals are alwayg reflexed. some. iHtf^***^?"*'**,.^? '^^y '^""^n** one of a colled spring. These lilies apparently know their own beau- ty for, be the surrounding foliage high or low, they will rear their flowering heads above It They are h[.n!;^f ^^t'^'y ^o'ne of the larger butterfllep. One has but to touch thejarge pendant anthers to get a pracUcal demonstration of how the pollen Is attached to the body of a bee and carried s?lemft nf^h°''^''/^^'^*°, deposited on the sticky nrnTfin fl^ Naturally a species so Z^\ L l ""^^ ^ ^^P*^»« cfSTs-fertl- - L^JS- *P "^^^^ flowers, nodding at the top of a stem ranging ora^lJp/ height, hare a sir parted periaSh sirXJ^I;- purplish brown; the .n^ ^^^^ Have large, long brown anthers extend- ng far beyond the reflexed sepals. The Umc^Iate about its lower portion. Blooms abundantly in rich .^otthwa?df.-^^ N..aTaan. SnS Ullum careiinianum is a quite similar species with rtkfi^T" one to three flowers. Po^nd vards mountain woods from Va. south- Wild Flower* Etui of Bodkm§ u ULy\l\,^!J!-°' '^5'^°°^' YELLOW or CANADA S«!r/ V Ji*"" canadense) is one of the moet abun- ^"i*" ^."""^''^ localities soon after It OTIM a fbothold. Imagine a rich meadow, surround- ed by deep green woods and covered with thouMmds of these lilies, Uielr heads hanging and nodding™ i/hr 'airly to tinkle In the bright sun- HTorf" K J ^'"1 favorites with country ehll- "wftnJiJ'^^^it®^ <^a»ed ' Fairy Caps" til! ^i^^***! • K'-eat favorites with lUl S.tif 1®' butterflies. On the whole, thl. flower may be regarded as more graceful in form [I Turk's-cap. but It caii£t rompare with whorled iMYes and graceful bending ^ndunclcS su^ sign that often appeals to the artistic eye. The tlowen are in terminal clusters of one to h"? summ\TrfTt.,r,''^^^^ r Peduncle."°LS si.?p n* ^ ^^^'y yellowish-brown out- side and yellow or orange within spotted with brown; sepals spreading and slightly reflexed.^? not to any such degree as those of the Turks-cMT The leaves are lanceolate, arranged a^ut thVitS at Intervals in whorls of three to eiSt FMoweS if* meadolJrfrom ^il^^l?".- .f^ so^tJ^wards to €tai. and ko. ^ orSStJU fl«iL^h ^^'f^'i °r deep orang^red flowers In a horizontal .iUon: thickly ing in a larger base than the preceding Leaves In whorls^of jhree to eight. Fou?d in m^ountTtas from TIGER LILY (L. tigrinum) (CHINESE) is a niR^ni t '-^^ •« tl«^ at the "Trout Ufc- or to. - t in ? . it "v' name, ar. f«T« ni^iJ^ ^ from 5 to 10 in. high it fa 6.t,ar l»erlanth. the seoa's b«te^ ^ . near the bases vmN^^ "n"*'?? elate leaves cla^^ the ^T^i* ^"iPtlcal-lance- WHITE ADOER'8 'ONQUF re >iKi4..-.\ . . lar m size a«d for^ but i.e wer thlf^L*" top of the i^e to tt^r ^ wer th^at nods at the two leaves dls^ ^ The . ton Tt st t. 3 s^tesman. DeWltt Clfn- those, ot tht Li -of-th^ V^v T-t J^S.^*?"^*"* wlthta and fe.eei^. ^Th%e ZlT'^S!^^ pointed-leaves clasp the tower «.^ni- f ',* T ^ plant is about 6^o 16 fa hih"1fTntVr *^ ^-^a.p wood, fr^'^^'i:^^-:^ Falsk Spikshard. Wild Flowers East of the Rookie* 49 an^ii;5.?,''"^^';"^?° (S'^facina racemo.a) Is quite an Imposing plant, with its long, curving an5 ft«?' if 8^^^" ♦l«eP»y ribbed ieavM and its feathery terminal flower clusters The white flowf fs are tiny but perfect with a 6- parted Perianth, six slender stamSns and a short I 2^.^h^^^;,^^^'l^°l*« "8"^" and attains a length of from 1 to 8 feet; alternating along it are Hi^l*^r' oval, sharply pointed leaves, with paraHe^ ribs and wavy edge. The perennial rootstalk Is th ck and fleshy. Spikenard is quite abraSSt to most rich, uncleared ground, flowering to l£w Wd ^IS? from Me. to Minn, southwj^-ds FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL ' (Smilaeiiia ateffata) Sowers "a'Je' m»Tfi'""^ ^» ' nowers are much larger and few in number ufcuallv only six or eight terminating the zigzag stem TOe leaves are broader at the bases and slightly c" sp^e stem whereas those of the last species have verl SThVlS'on'* ^Tk^ cojn„,only. but not as mucrso AtPAKAQUt ^^*^pg"ju* officinal'*) (EURO- ln^mLUL??K^°*'2°'*.*^*!:<*®° Asparagus that is sold S »??=>r^ ttfoughout the land. Few would thtak i« hf beautiful lily family Imt roch Jmw.*^«»-.^*' scaly appendage on the vegetabfe ®" • '"^^ ^^^^ and subdivides Into very numerous little branchlets. giving the Dlant an exceedingly beautiful and decoritive appear?S?e br^oSJ*/^^°H ^^r" to axils of these Silf i .S-^l'i^i . red berries will be suspended on pedicels In place of the flo^ ers Asparagus is a common mc^m ft^ iLdeM and may be met with anywlwr» • A. Canada Mayflower. Maiantkemum canadetue. B. False Solomon's Sbal. Smilacina tri folia. WUd Flowerg Eatt of the Rockies 51 .J^^^^'^^^y^O .FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL }^ rather commonly in bogs and wet woods, it is, however, not nearly as is straight and slender, fj-om 2 to 6 in high It ually has three leaves, l^t sometimes two or even Sthi^g'^at'the W oblong-pXed sneatmng at the base, arranged at regular Intervals bir°n„*^h t^"^: whitl^ "w in num ^ t'^*'*n^"e»num canadense) is a verv ahnnH ant woodland plant. It nsnally grows in colonii^. thout ands of them sometimes carpf Mng pine woods wtS heir dark green glossy leaves. At a caSSrtirnS this species very clowly resembles the^t bSt the oi Vhr^o^ H*' '"^^^^^ a« follows: The two! or three, broad, ovate-lanceolate, shiny green leaves are rather heart-shaped at the base. s^S on thi lyZ^A^iT, ''^^^ '^^^ ieriantS has on^ Six. Afte the flowering seMon botb of tbese plants S;„t»*'^:2P.' * ^Wte. spotted browTi, and later taming to a dull ruby-red It is unfortunate, and often confusing that floweni xXi 'T^^ namTthat hSrr Neither of these in the least resembles the the False Lily-of-the- valley resembles the real is that It usually has two tesvM. Thto Itrt sdosIm hi rh« same raii|» at tin vfmm^ ^® Purple Twisted-stalk. Streptopus roaeut. mid Flowers East of the Rookie* 58 K^i *n pairs; they have a bell-shanPH h««e and the perianth Is divided Into sfx llnceol^e spreading dull purple sepals The Vem wwSfc £ tT5S rla'cVsTelglSIf ? lunl In n«M r*"'' blooms In May and ManftoL «nJ c"°J? ""^^^^ Newfoundlaid to 1 which are very strongly reflAXASy^ the axils of most of the leavAa in «oi^»^^f ci^binorum, bni ^■?■„i^^:\■?,™/Jl^',»r w^n ^'^F^ smooth In Su ite t^J^.n'".^ "•n"™'" 1« u«i«ny downy or hairy In A. Green Brier. Stnilajc rotundifolia. B. LlLY-OF-THE-VALLrr, WUd FUwM BmI of the Roekiet 57 LILY-OF-THE-VALLIY (Cenvallaria majali..) As a garden flower, this species is probably familiar to nearly everyone. While, as a native. It is only found in some of the southeastern mountain ranges. It is sometimes found in the North as an escape from cul- tivation. The flower we usually see in florista or in gardens is the European speciea but it appeara to be identical with our naUve southern one. It is a deli- cately Mntifnl species, very rich in fragrance and very hardy; its popularity is shown by the frequency with which it appears in both poetry and prose. The bell-shaped, white flowers, with six short, renjurved lobes, grow In a one-sided raceme at the top of a scape, the base of which is sheathed by the two large broad, oblong-pointed, paraQ^Telned leaves. It flow- ®''2Jr«i;l^..*"** *° mountains from Va. to S. C. eOMMON GREEN BRIER (Smilax rotundlfoiia) is a woody climbing vine with scattered sharp prickles: it cUmbs by means of pairs of tendrils from the axils of the leaves. Leaves alternating along the stem: round-ovate, sharply pointed at the tip and somewhat heart-shap^ at the base. Flowers, few on slender peduncles from the angles of the leaves; perianth bell-shaped, with six short, spreading lobes, pale greenish in color. Common in moist thickets from June sonthwartte, flowering In May and CARRION FLOWER (Smiiax hertMcea) has a hefw baceous stem without prickles. The flowers are small, light green, carrion-scented, in a many flower- ed umbel on a long petiole from the angle of a leaf, (.eaves heart-shaped and parallel-nerved. I^Mtnd in the «affle range and flowers at the same time as the ast. The foius amilax consists of many widely dis- tributed «wies, WMBjr havlBf «tae4ihudc berHee the Fall. » Iniham Cucumbcs-boot. Wild Flowers East of the Rockies 59 INDIAN CUCUMtER-ROOT (Mtdtola virsiniana) is a cominon woodland plant, hat tke flowers are ao inconsptcuous that they are often overlooked ; in fact they are often nodding below the upper leaves so as to be invisible. The stem is tall and slender, rang- ing from 1 to 3 feet in height; it rises from a thick horizontal rootstalk, having a taste similar to that of the cucumber. A whorl of from five to nine ovate- lanceolate, pointed leaves is located midway on the stem; at the top, three smaller but similarly shaped leaves radiate. Above these, or it may be below, be- cause of the curving pedicels, are three flowers. They are pale greenish-yellow; tlie three sepals and three petals composing the perianth are very much reflexed or curled; they have six stamens each, and one style dividing into three purplish-brown, recurved stigauui. It is said that the Indians formerly used the roots for food; at the present time they are used for var- ious medicinal preparations. Cucumber-root is found from N. B. to Mfnitqha and southwards to the Gulf, flowering in rich woods during May and June. COLIC-ROOT; STAR GRA88 (Aletris farinosa) is a tall, wand-like plant, striking in appearance even though nof lifAntttol tar flow«*. Tkm seape H from . 2 to 3 feet high, terminated with a hmUI spike-like raceme of white, tubular flowers. The perianth is 6- lobed, very granular and roughened on tlM miiMe by thickly set points. It is this granular appearance, as though the flower had been sprinkled with white meal, that gives it its generic name, mraning "a fe- male slave who grinds com". The leaves are thin, flat and huice^ate. radiattaig from the rootstalk at the base of the flower scape. It is commonly found from -Me. to Minn, and southwards, flowering in July and Anfwt PtrsPLE Trillium; Wake Robin. 0«nu« (THIINtm). tho? in f®"^® ^^^^^ name from the fact inat all tbeir part* are arranr,<»d in threes: three leaves three petals, three lepuis and a X^e-pIS «liifff"** The common name of Wake Robin Vaa T^^f^I^^^ *hew flowers appear S an early date. As a matter of fact they do not bloom nwant? "H^J*** P^^P** trtlliums have an un- that of putrid meat; as they rr^Hnn^^S^ depend* ;)t for fertlllaaUon upon certain Zal t '^^'^ ProUhl^ that tbSr pecuHar IniSJti rJ.^SiiJl'^® *° ""^^^^ fcS^ these n?^ o*7** '^'^ Flowered Trillium has the parU of the stigma so recurved that they are very ^ toJSL*?'^®" JS^ " ^^'y probable that ^f.?crt? SSi rii^S^^K^^**-. the flowering sewon an oval reddish b. -ry is seen ristnc from aT^LSt among, the three green leaves ^ ' ^ StrfThtli^ ROB N (Trillium erectum) h.s tu .^e pur- pllrt-brown petals (sometimes these are rink or evin tari iS5iS.*if spreading stigma. Flower sol- w7h * P«***cel above the whorl of southwards. «* ^ «. m ana sllI''"^r^';:Jf flowers st» li- ^SL®' "P^^^^es are greenish and » row. Found from Kas. »i ife. muifiii^^ mid Flower* East of the BoekU* 6$ *iJ'^^?^'^.!r^y^^^^° TRILLIUM (Trillium grand!- florum) is the largest of the genus in all respects and 8 one of the best known and most common species. It can be looked for with expectation of finding in any (lamp, rich woods during May or June. Should a brook run through the woods, yon will be almost sure of finding this or some other trillium growing at some point a ong the banks. ( Usually they grow in colonies and it is an exception when one finds a single plant without others being in sight. The stem of this spe- cies is from 10 to 18 inches in height; the waxy white Detals are from 1% to 2 in. in length; as they grow older the color changes to a deUcate pink and they curve gracefnlly backwards. The flower is on a short pedicel above the whorl of broad.ovate-pointed and shortly peUoled leaves; the Hh« Th.^'^*"* P*," T*^ ^ Prwnlnent. parallel ribs This species is found fnan Vt to Utim. and southwards, to N. C. and Mo. w*lI?4'-*-lV'^ is quite simi- lar to, hot smftRer than the last species. Its blos- som Is either white or pink and is on a curved pedicel liflJ? S*.**®"*** ""i* ^ flower beneath the whwl of ^leaves; the edges of the petals are quite J^il^M ^^^^^^^ "ttle trillium is found from Newfoundland end Man. South to Pa. and Mich 1 rnlllum declinatum is tfmilar to the Nodding Tril- lium but the flowers are on a longer horizontal pedi- cel. It is found from Mich, and Minn, south to Mo. DWARF WHITE or SNOW TRILLIUM (T. nivale) is a diminutive species with white flowers standina on y 2 to 5 in. high. The bell-shaped floww is eroS' both the petals and the leaves have rounded eSdTlpi: to Bfimi. sad Mmth to Tmm. and Mo. Fainted Thiliji'M. Trillium undulaium. Wild Fknoen Mmt of the Rodtiet 65 PAINTED TRILUUM (THIMum undulatum) has sharply pointed, wavy-edged, waxy-white petals with crimson V-shaped marks at the bases. The ovate IMTM are sharply pointed and petfaM. It to ft com- mon species from Quebec to Ontario and southwards. The Trllliums may ranlc as among the few of our most eagerly sought wild flowers. The Arbntas the Moc^sin Flowers. Arethusa, Pogonla and Fringed Oentlaa «n seem to possess subtle charms that draw even the novice or those not at all Interested in botany to seek them. To be sure they are all beauti- ful, bttt Oen there are quantities of other flowers that are beautiful and that are passed by without notice as we pursue our search for these treasures Most of these prizes have a certain peenlterity of ftmn or a waxy-white purity to the flowers that appeals to us more than does the ordinary texture and common- place a|i|iiifHiiiii 0ma mmm mmvimr leafttifui flowers. Tfc* Mated TrflUns is usually regarded as the most beautiful of the genus. Certain it Is that it is the most abundant. It is more gregarious than the others, mi «e oftes ind large beds of them with their dainty, waxy-white, wavy-edged flowers swaying above the deep green background formed by their broad, whorled leaves. They grow most profusely along the banks of woodland brooks and in cool, moist gleas. You will find them most abundant dur- ing the latter part of noaa after the Wood H-'^' frequents the same locality, makes his appemaee from the South. They are always asso- ciated in my mind with these birds and with Water A. ^ watched as they daintily tnreaded tM» ww^ nnrag the numerous plant stalks, entirely concealed above by the numerous leaves, and visible only by placing the head close to tha A. Stah-of-Bethlehem. Ornithogalum umbellatum. B. Atamasco Lily. Zephyrantlui Atmmstco. Wild Flower* East of the Rockies 67 metJifhn^u^^^^^',^^'' P*"* sometimes whLfc f* mfJV°"^ the garden of hirK iiTLf,*? ^^'^P®'* »>«'o»-e- It IB quite of "thTwhif fromnhe star-like appearaiice of the white flowers as they peer up throuA lS» meadow grass. The original hoL of tL towifl/to 12'^S^M?^*' r^«i°«f'f'-o«' a coated bulb, is from 6 to from fJi? ti^t^ 'u?^?^ *^ * t«*-°»*°a» cl««ter o? side an?^;J^^ltff greenish on the out- side, and with thcee to seven green nerves- >It stamens and a thl^ided stIgBii; floww SdieSi ?ihe lei^S^a^I^SS? 5f ^^^^'^^ w^rthe'^ca'S A temUy of biiili9iis and jBjjaperbearlng herbs with ^iV^ASCO u!!v -^^a^^^-^ar'teSweT 8c7^"frSA Vr P»^t^«^,Ahe'summU Jf' a wi?^8I^^rP«^Sni^^• ^^l^nth funnel-form wiin six spreading lobes, a abort Distil and mIt at. ana cnaUB^led. Quite confaaoB in moist nlAOAa nr swamp., !«. to m^iUJ'ISi*!^! S Wild Flower* Eatt of tkg Boelmt ^ peering at us from a background of closely do the leaves of tols little pTaTcS^'poSS some of thiJ Is oftl« 1*^^' ***** P«>"en: sticky stlirma nt th ^^^^^e^V carried to the f lose up so that should a blow^^Af I ^i?»erlng. and divided Into «hin w ' spread paler and^llSuir^eeish f?'**"?®.!!"'' stamens tifep^ J^th^l?^ Lho^^** slender, norl^Tr^fS^il®^^^ tinthen. The bulb togeth«i^£th fflt^i^e^^^^^^ common froift Me to ManJi^SL T^** ^P^^ i» Gulf of Mexico Manitoba and loaUiwards to thm wi?hT;':^?eTp;"erd' diJ^^^^^^ ^»»"* «ower tube, from 2 to Tin LT'lTy^iAJSi' *S"^*^ on prairies from KMi: tS T«Sir^^^ Wild Flowen East of the Rockies 71 FAMILY (IridaeaM) This family i» composed of har1>s etow. ed from the QreeK ^^Sng^f^^Z^in^^^ Jeed li%h« SSJh*^"'^?" genus Smi SJ are the most frequent visltora aad Umwu^ able ones for the plains ' ■«» »• iw*t Tata- Manitoba 'Sfthr£:''«S!aKS"'S^ S SLENDER BLtt&frLAQ rirl. BrfM«-»i^ i slender in all lta;iiarti^.^^,.™ i*^™*"**^ *■ ^"O'e and very sSiiSiSSteete the coast from^mo^a NE^^ET^^WplSrii^^^ colored aHkP- » ^u^^Jt^ Petals of equal size and cluster Of ate to twelve buda orWiiiSna M^* A. Blub-btxd Gram. Sityrinchium an gusti folium. B. Crested Dwarf Iris. Iria cmtate. wad Ftonm Btut of the RockUt 78 CIIKtTIO DWARF IRIS (lri« critUta). Flowers umuuly ■olltary. very delicate In form and of a light vlotot cokn*; the aepala have a central cre^M rib of a brli^t onmge color: the smaller pe^g^lSre also crested. The tube Is long and threaa-11^. Leaves lanceolate, about 5 to 7 in. long; thoM ynrmfny ^ spathe are ovate-laaeeolato. Thte attmetlte little Irit l8 found on rich wooded hillsides and along streams, from Md. and Ind. southwards, flowering in April and May, DWARF IRIS (I. Verna) has linear, grass like leaves covered with a whitish bloom. Sepals not crested but rather downy on their yellowish base; color pale vio- let or eVen white. Found on rich wooded »»m^tt from Pa. southwardib. NORTHERN NEMASTYLIS (Nemastyllt MUta) has a branching stem, at th^ end of which are one or two flowers growing oir«leiti^ pedicels from a grass- lilie spathe. The six parts of the blue or purple perianth spread from 1 to 2 inches. It has long, lin- ear leaves coming from the coated bnlb. Ftmtki on prairies and barrens from Ky. to Mo., southward BLUE-EYED GRASS (Sisyrinchium angustlfolliim), as one would suspect from the name, has grass-like leaves and flowers that make one thlnlt of bright lit- tle blue eyea as they peep out of the meadow grass in which you find them. . ♦ The Blue-eyed Grasses have refeiltly been separ- ated into thirteen species, differing chiefly in the com- parative lengths of the flower s'pathes, or the lengths of the leaves as cpmpdi^ to the flower stem. If one wishes to know tlte«b;6iet spedflc name of the spe- cies he finds, we refer him to the new edition of Gray's Botany (7th Ed.) The six divisions of the flower are regular, violet, with a yellow or wklte ftar- shaped center; each sepal is blunt, with a thorn-like tip. Commone of the northerly , species, being foun|,^ong the northern bordep^f-^" United States and lojf^em CanMa. It grows tn colonies and flow- ers fjr^m May to July,;in rich^ woods or bogs. '-A^.^i YELLOW LADY'S 8l^f»PER (C. p. pube- RAM'S Hfe^D LADY'S SLIPPgR (Cypripeiiiitiii anetlnumi^pot ai^&y^^ members of this geifts,.vbut-lf i?^the most rire of the Lady's Slippers and,-.pn rlslng the orohM« ??; « ^''^ Insects as sent species Is a verv wii.! ^ ««« P^e- fertilized by Ihe Smof hnThiT^^^^^^^^' " Is there Is plenty of f(Sd in ^L^Sf^*®^®®' I™ows The onlf chaLe fw eiUnoi",^^^^^^^ P»°fc in the front; 1! requires force his bur y framl lS,„T i^^'? pressure to ceeds and the aSStnrc:^^ ' '«»*«th he suc- eatlng his fllfhe tiSs the /^^^^ behlnd^him. After the base where L cato letwn f^ *''*^ ^^"'^s forces his way thJouS fhl 1^1!^°*^ As he in contact with a -h*^"^ V^sa&ge he comes i«g hairs which remove Inv^^^ his back; as he comZlu hL K?®",^^ have on an anther blockS? tha^oT "^^^Sle out he reaches 'ts load of'°^,^^Sn ^s'\^^ck''?^'"^°^*^ «^«P emerges he Is fully chareert with \w3?"* ^hen he on the stigma of thfi nfw « P®"«n *o deposit notice you will ael fh«f k ^^8**©^. If you same species of Ctrs^'fnd'wn^"^ '^^^""^ the other species. Thi^ hab,?^« ^i?**^^y ^hose of against leaving the nolleS Nature's protection another entlrlly dlfle^St .i^i^^^iK^^ do no good. «"»«reiK species, wh«re ft would Wm Whmn Btt of the Rockiet 81 6 to 18 In hi-S^ if^ *t,** a stem trom ani.r ' , *?' "'^ and With tbree tetS^ irV irS-F -isn.M Htbmuria bracUati Is similar to ll»v» m.. species l8 also found In bon frmi w o * and south tliroii«h the U S ™» ^ »• Atoilai the pSSd^ s^ie? rae 21! the jsr-iii's.^^ r"^ s^s "«« pwws, spur short, slender and ascending. YsLLow Frinord Orchii Hahenaria ciliarit, B. Hooker's Orchis. Hahenaria HotdterL Wild FUmgrt Eutt of ik§ BoOki U YELLOW.FRINQED ORCHIS (Habenari» ciliaria) is an attractive and ratHer common OrcWa w th a with a thrill of exultation that we, each ye. Jrst l^L^\'°^^^'' deep receives of a cold bog or swamp. The open bloaaoma hll« S;i*iSf^*h5^«"^ lips. While trbSdTSrthe upper part of the flower spike resemble little golden baila. The spike is very closely set with flo^w liaJiM in" toch S^I^'Ji"^^ 8lendr;?7rs aJiut an inch to length. The leaves are lanceolate m-ad- ualy dim nlshlng In size as they approach The a^iU and passing into the flower bracta. Foui from iff to Mich, and aonthwarda. YELLOW CRESTED ORCHIS (H. ertatata) has orange-yellow flowers In a bracted racei^~rbracU being of about the same length as the flowera The a?th«7n1'"' Petata oWo?g"ilngeS liniSh "^an half £ inch to length. Leaves narrowly lanceolate and growtoc smal er as they approach the flower apUMT^TS Oi^Ws flowers during July and Auguat to>Sr bM from N. J. to Mo. and southwards. twn * 5- *>a*e of whl( a are ten to twenty flowers are yellowish sreen- lin \aZ 'ODg, aleBder spur _l)out on« inch long. Flowera •peein i. not SSTaSofS J!!l?ftSf1SiJSlr IMU to Mtini, u4 louthinS, ^ »twftmn. lateral and upper sepals are nearly round mh'JS! to Minn, and southwards, chiefly th? ahI A. PuRpLB Fkinctd Orchis. Habenaria fimbriaia. Small Purple Fringed Orchis. Habenaria peramoena. Wild Flowers East of the Rockiea 87 'iTiT^TX'^^. " about ringeS seDalB ZSSJ?^ Aower-tlp Is 3-parted and ly toothed T^o 2.o *^ P^^*^^ spatulate and sllght- of thi fHnZ?® ^®Yff ^''^ lanceolate and, like Uiose or the fringed orchids, grow smaller as thev^ar^ proach the top of the stem. Flowers in Juiv anH more deeply fringed. The densely C^^^ sUe s fnZ* ^7"" diameter and S is twelve which is well worth Z*^ «igbt of visit it? hTnl!*r^ **** Inconveniences necessary to u!t td^rurher^^TnldV" '"'"^ tlircMi.iu^SJ'the wV/tgt'nc? o^lnScT TheToS^r r spur, of most of them, is recuiiar^y J^pted o^ &Vto?JL*^\r''t"*^ o'f Wte% e'^ the mSh u ^^''^'■f'"^ ^""^ o^ nectar tube, me mocn presses its face into the opening. Ita larM tCpoTen ^ sticky'^SS to'wwS When'^^ufe i; ^f^T^^'^^t^'^ ^^^P**^^ stalks. tach^d Slhel^es" wLt'rrVch7s\M^ f/:^ nMiS^i^f -rectTosirnlo"^^^ eu on a siicky stigma, Just where thev bpinnA- wKnl e7 "y the^iL^uT' be'gJeaTly SveS^nc! his /vi o incumbrances, we must remember that me 108S or slgfit oi * Urn is aaootleod. Wild Floner» East of the Rochiet 89 CALOPOGON; QRA88 PINK (Calopogon puichth lus) Is an exquisite orchid with a loose raemne of four to twelve delicate pink flowers, at the top of a scape ranging from 6 to 15 in. long. The flowers are apparently upside down as the lip is at the top; It Is narrow at the base but broadens into a broad hook- ed tip, crested on the under side; the column, Just below the lip, has a stigma at the end. and Just below is a two celled antler, each ceU containing two pollen masses. A single grassUke leaf sheathes the flower scape near its base, as it rises from the solid bulb. It grows in deep swamps and bogs, from New- foundland to Minn, and sooth to the Gulf, flowering in June and July. ' * AftETHUSA; INDIAN PINK (Arethusa bulbosa) has a solitary magenta-pink blossom topping its slend- er scape that rises from 5 to 10 in. in height. The petals and sepals are similar in shape and in their proper positions at the top of the flower; the Hp rises, then abruptly turns downwards, broadens and is adorned with three to five yellow and white crests; margin of lip wavy and sometimes spotted with crim- son. A single linear leaf is hidden In a sheath. at the base of the scape; It only protrudes after, the flowering season. Prom Newfoundland to Minn and south to Pa. and Md., Arethusa has been found bioom- Ing In swamps during May and Juno. T , ^i^*:Xf^^ (Calypso bulbosa) Is a rare and local- ly distributed orchid found along the northern edg* of the U. S. and In Canada. It has a ifaigle magenta- pink flower at the top of a slender scape 4 to 6 In. long. The sepals and petals are similar and ascend- ing; the lip is sac-shaped similar to that of the genus Cypripedium; It is spotted with madder-purple and has three rows of glMS-Iike hairs near its division. A single oval, wavy, veiny leaf grows on a trianMtf petiole from the corm at the base of the seape. Snake Mouth; Pooonia. Pogonia ophioglogtoideg. B. NooDiire Pooonia. Pogtmm irumthephonu Wild Flower* Eati of tho BodktM gi POGONIA; 8NAKE.M0UTH (Pogonia ophioglos- •oidet) Is another of our attractive orchids that leads the enthusiast a merry chase, often through miles of tangled swamp, before he finally discovers it in som* almost impenetrable bog. It has been my experience that, in the southern parts or their ranges, all the rare orchids are more easily ge;-at-able than in north- em united States, perhaps because in the North they are hunted so persistently slv ' plucked so freely when found, that they can survive cnly in the most out of the way place!«ii8 ophloldes has Its flowers in & Ioosa i^tA^ beSji?! of T?. tl^iSi?"'™"*"" "'•'»'•) «> named d^^^S^ Vi®^®! basal. Found In dry grooiid frwB N. ». to Hudtoba and southwiSds Wild FUmert Eati of the Rochiea 97 HEART-LEAVED TWAYBLADE (Litttra eordata) belongs to a genus containing Ave Bpeclet. They may readily be recognized by the two heart-shaped or ovate leaves clasping the flower stem, oppositely, about half way up. The flowers are either middtr- purple as In the present species, or greenllih. Like most o£ tlie Orehids, they are larisjely or whol« ly dependent upon Insect aid for ferttllzatltm. The weight, or shock of an alighting Insect on the broad lip causes a small gland within the flower to rupture and cover the pollen, Just below with a sticky fluid that causes It to adhere to the head or body of the In- sect and thus be transferred to the next flower. The stem of this species is from 3 to 10 In. high. At the top Is a few flowered raceme; the sepals and petals are similar and spreading; the Up Is drooping, longer, twoHsleft and madder-purple In color. This species flowers during June and July in swampy woods from N. J. to IColo. and northwards to the Arctic coast. TWAYBLADE (Llparis tilifoiia), although having the same common name, is of a different genus. It is a more attractive plant, having two broad basal leaves and larger flowers with a broad ovate lip. It grows in woodland from Me. to Minn, and southwards CORAL ROOT (Corallorrhiza maculata) Is so nam- ed because of Its angular, branching, brownish, coral- like root. The scape Is from 10 to 18 in. high; Its only leaf appears as a sheath near the base. The flowers are madder-purple. In a loose raceme; the sepals and petals are small, similar and ascending; the Up and column are white, spotted with purple, the former being two-lobed. There are five species of Coral Root, all destitute of green foliage, and differ- ing only slightly In the flowers. They are found in spruce woods from Me. to British Colnm^ and southwards. 7 Me. to Mich, and iwuthward^. It has two lar^T heart-shaped leftTM on long peUole. frJm the £iie ' deep greeu above and UfhtW tekw iSt handsomely veined. * flowe? '4Yt®m??J**7. It Is the soli dSS^J rSSio?*^®* ^^^^ P^*"* "0 Interesting. Sm .. r^ftL^^^^u^' °° * ^^^^'^ ■»»ort stem tluit bart S the d^i'riL*'^"^^ and offon leave. It^SJI^^d Soring ^'^'J*®^ ^oods In early sspring. Really, the flower Is quite attractive Whi should It not raise Its head that it might iKi noftSd serr'^JSt 1,^*'"* will convince dLo^S^ tiSS^H*" *^«»^ »0 constructed and w So if wu?7»,f '^^^ interests of the plant 8o It Is With this species. It blooms earlv bef«r« butterflies and mo^hs appear; It needs no brlghf Tp maTeraVSJf"'?' u-s\\SSf flower cup maKes an excellent refuge for muny small earlv S^L.«n%^'%P'°;*^^« theae me. with Jn rtuSdice so^^iJrVS^'^i unwittingly cwry t??S«*^ °" *^elr bodies and l^ve It at .2?°'';,°'* °' *°«tber blossom. l%e stigma of this flower matures before Its anthers rioen^S to U^^^^th^Teer^^^' ^losso^wte Po^,^tldn^p%a|n1^^^^^ * l^^""^ six radiating st°gr" " Another species (pandlflorum). found In Va a^!^ c. has but one leaf and flower, twice as larae r inches in length. * ^ McMASTER UNIVERSITY li Pipe Vine; Dutchman's Pipb, Arutolochia macrophyUa, Wild Flowers East of the Roehin 101 20 m To?f ^^""^ » woolystem from 8 ?o 20 In. long, with several pointed-oWone leaves with gre\'iMoiT' alternating alonfft. ThI du'S the root peduncles from in Tnl^Ji^ f^®."**!"!®' spreading lobes. It flowers Jo tt" ^oSMeSc?^" ^^<^»»- h««t' ^^''f Pa- and Minn, southwards ever Hp« th" ISf,"*?"; STeenish-yellow flowers, ho^ '^ItT^^^'ZX^o:''' ''^^ dependentTpiSflS! se^r?tit*»t'?r*^*j* * P^ace In its tube. H i bottom a few drops of nectar as an f« fS? f *?.^v."°° ^i»^8ed visitors. The throS is filled with tiny hairs, all pointing InwardI so in frThif/^'f ^^'^^^ ImpoiSSe. Entlring 'infeects SlrJ prisoners, living upoa the nectar, until the ?n f?^^*K ^^^^''^ and pollen ripens; after this the hairs knd wif'2S* and the pollen^usted and well fed prisoners are allowed to es^ne A. Lady's Thumb; Persicabia. Polygonum persicaria. B. Smartweed. Polygonum Uydropiper, ff'Ud FUmetM Etui of ikt Bodm m ed as obnoxious weeda ° regard- our common C^L?a b;in«S *° ^^^^^^ clea: thS of PowIL seventeen spe- terestlng. *^"""°» ™«« ccmspiciioiia and most In- dioS 'lfoter"-!tha?is^^^^^ ^ ones grow ordiVent pLfs "t^^^^ and irfetllhite feet, greenish at Am bnt iSe; t.^r^tLT J^^' P^^"' branching soikea Thf ilo ^ turning dark red, on slender petloS from ?hiT^^^^ are arrow-shaped; on 12 In WKh° tLv !rf K'ows from 6 to ly tnra Sddi«h^«= !iy^'''' ^^'^'^ *° taste and usua° some wWd evei^^ulre ^ ^^'^ * ''^^'>'^ X^SIfS^^" spot In the middle * A. CHicKwno. Stellaria media, B. Stitchwort. Stellaria longifolia. Wild Flowers East of the Roekkt lOd PINK FAMILY (Caryophyllaceae). twb Is a very large family containing some of our most beautiful flowers. They are herbs, agreeing in having smooth-edged leaves growing oppositely and in having the plant stem usually swollen at its junc- tion with the leaves. The flowers have either four or flve petals and usually twice as many stamens. COMMON CHICKWEED (Steilaria media) (KUIIO- PEAIM). Although this is an introduced weed, ao hardy and prollflc is It that im>bably It now exceeds in numbers, any of our indigenous plants. It grows profusely about dooryards and along roadsides every- where. The flowers are small, so tiny that they are often unnoticed, even by those who take pleasure in reeding the leaves to the pet canary. The corolla con- slsts of flve white, very deeply cleft petals, and tlM ca'^x of the same number of larger and longer green sepals. The leaves are ovate, small, opposite, on small stems about the length of the leaves The plant stem is either simple or branched and rancaa from 2 to 10 in. in Yu^tm. ^*avm LONG-LEAVED 8TITCHW0RT (S. longifolia) has Uirger flowers than the last, but the petals are very narrow and so deeply cleft as to appear to be ten in number instead of flve. The sepals are nearly hot not quite as long as the petals. The stem is weak uid usaally supported by surrounding grasses or vegetation. The leaves are small, linear and pointed at both ends. Common everywhere in wet places. MOUSE-EAREO CHICKWEED (Cerastlum arvense) has much larger and broader petals with rounded lobes, giving them something the appearance of mouse ears. Sepals short; leaves lanceolate; stem ^ui«ea ' ^ ^ ^® ^ C'^BiBOB #7 or 10^ A. COBH COCKLS. Agrostemma i^ithago, 3. Ragged Robin. Ljfehnu Flos-cuculi. Wild Flowers East of the Rockies 107 SP^*iy^ (Agrprtemma githago) (EURO- iu^^- 7^^ Cockle Is very closely related to the Campions (genus Lychnis) ; In fact It was fop. merly classed with them and is now by some authors. It Is an annual with an erect and rather downy stem: It branches but slightly, each branch being termlnat- td by one or two large handsome magenta flowers with an expanse of one to two inches. The calyx is densely hairy, as are also the lanceolate leaves that grow oppositely on the stem. The stem is swollen at the leaf junctions and Is weakened at that point *^*lf*J* *»'eaks quite readily; this Is one of the char- actertitiCT of most of the members of the pink fam- ily. In Europe, this Is often called the Corn Floww It represents one of the typical plants of the harvest fields. In this country we find it as an escape from gardens or in waste places bmt grain HeMs. bJ'/J^^^Sv "^^^"^ (Lychnis Flos-cuculi) (EURO- PEAN). This species, which is also known as Mea- dow Lychnis. Is noteworthy because of the slashed appearance of its five crimson petals. The flower calyx is deeply ribbed and is of a brownish purple color, as Is also the upper part of the floww stem; both are sUcky and hairy. The name is, of course, rrom the ragged appearance of the petals and also from lu ^ ^^}?\. approaches that of the breast of the English Robin Red-breast. It is sometimes found in waste land or moist places where it has escaped from cultivation. *^ MULLEIN PINK (L. coronaria) (EUROPEAN) is a showy plant with bright crimson petals five in number; the calyx teeth, or sepals, are twisted. The oblong leaves are seated oppositely upon the stem. The whole plant, stem, leaves and calyx, Is quite wooiy. It has escaped from gardens and is now kical' Ip found from Me. to N. T. and Mich. JW. Sua of the Rookie, log ■LADW« <^^^ION^m.n. ,.t.ro,.. (.URQ. soZ%iroducTVD?2!i?' and to us from Burone t* hSo ^ "Pedes was brought that the aUjScXVeJy^Jfi.?^^ Wossomi^ handsomelTmkrkeriU^Ji^Si. •^'"^t ^lobular kni give it a very similar Rnni!!**' to often melon. t17 irTwhltP^^^''''^ *° that of the citron nearly their whol^^enVh twain to? slightly, each branch Sfnir T?r but few-flowered cluster? ITieSfverS?; ^? * grow oppositely on tht stem Iff ® *?°°*b with their bases; they Ire o^VJl^^^? clasping it and deep green In color TRifs fntJSL t?^*'® ^ f one. It Is a perennial and ni«nf» !^*^ * ^^'^ wme root year after yeS w£^'fi^ ^ are formed from Z n^'J^'''"'^ ^ ^ in dry ^^XSi t^QS^^\,^^^ roads or to Va. and Mo. ^WDec to Minn, and south EVENING UYCHNI8; WHITE CAMMOM /. ^ EuZe i^'gt^I^ff*'^^^^^ «P«<^ies Introduced from Of opening tfwtds e?S\„°/°^f log morning. The J^^ lL'^L''^^^^''^ the follow- crowned ^t the bas^ wlJhTHT I^^P^^ "»d the calyx Is toflatid a^d Jftil"! P®** dlvlslont; As usual With members of thS t^ui^ ^? smooth edged and In n«ira ^\\^\ are that grow. frL^Se ?otwrfee^^^^ found in waste places Ini !? **** These are also they have eBc^peatrVm%^''tJ^^ •ad weit to Otto, trom Mb. n. J. frnd Flower, Eoit of ikt Botkkt 111 PlANT^Sli?. r.^"^ offlclnan.) (EURO. of the Pink PamlJy % members It is very commonlv irn«iJ« „ seed. cleft, ai/with\S in Quite deeplj ular, veined, greentoh. e-noK ,Sn ^'T*' '""^ mens are divided inti Mt.^*?;.™* *V f in the other and maturtSg w°',S,?„„™' In color from a dellMt« hf.....V". V** "o^erg vary fus^rin" wLL^'Lc^;*"?***'' ^^P^^'-t ^'looms pro- side dusty roads wSfro o^^ 11^^''''^^ ^^ds and be^ to flpuris? K was one oMh. to be introduced Lto this rmmfIi'**'J"u®*^ br?fcWng^steV?nd''?Ste fl^l* «^^»' ed. veined and subtended at tt. liSS^K''*"''®-*^****- bracts that are about half 1?^ iWh^XT^tS^ f"^" thi ™ leaves are thin and snatulatfi the upper ones oblong-lanceolat#» B^iTiS-!: , ' er common from Me. to ij. Y.^'SrtlJwh. A. Spring Beauty. Claytonia virginica, B. Purslane. Portulaca oleracea. Wild Flowert Eott of th€ Bockiet 115 PURSLANE FAMILY (Portulacaceae) Juh ln^«^^^J*^^ unsymmetrical flowers, that is ^It^ unequal numben of petals aud seiMds. ve?v "d'p'J.lf ^i^""^^ (Claytonia v.rglnica), although Jowerini nlant? T^^'^^'i^' ^^^ng our earliest nowering plants. It may be found bloomine durlne ,^pru, as well as during the narmer Mav dava ^The beautiful flowers have a pale flu^sh jf* pink with veins of deeper pinlc radiatihg from the yellow^ ish base One would expect flowers blooming at thTs season to be rather hardy, but we find UUs sDecIes to be very frail; the flowers close almost immedSy upon being plucked, and only open dur™? brieht sunny weather. The weak stem is usually vefy crook- ed and is often prostrate on the ground • two llnetr^ lanceolate leaves clasp it oppositlirabou half w^ . ' J^i *n a loose, long-peduncled clus .^er the buds assuniing a drooping positioS The open- ed flowers, somewhat less than Inch across have five ure'beL''r^ 'Z^^^""^ Stamens tSI? ma' 5? i?® stigma. It is found in mi^ woo^ from Me. to Mich, and south to the Qm. ThtfH^^^^^ (Portulaca oleracea) (EUROPEAN) lorn MT^f """^^ TZ'^' "^turalized froS t£e old flesiy leaves fl.^^!u^^^' ^"^^'^ rounded SSf ^*"«^are wedge-shaped with rounded ends. The stem is very branchlne and ~r ?o'rm''Tr ^t '" » aU?«^* Circular rorm. The flowers are tinv aoHtnrv ank^. with a ern^la^lf^l^l^I^^^^ the size of th^w'ifA^K^l^^^^^ to^herTeSeTwft^'rwcJS^^^ ^ «nd a length of lO^feet »'eacheg tif^g^rL^irs^^^^ out our range/The small g^e^Sfh whltl^'J"^ four or five sepals. ^o^^^^^J!^^^* T*^ axtfi: staminate and pistil^ S^«r?^ ^ Plants. In Fall tb« Wnrntfi ^« °° separate seed pods «iT« tlito iSS^i""^^ J**"™®* the BeardT^ *^ name of "Old Man's Wild FUmen Eatt of the Rockies 129 son imo^i *K and ihallowness of the «?;L S*?** the tough wiry slender f iT' * »8"a"y plucked out by the roots by thole who'fl?/f?°''"''- ^ that thSl 5 my otSer^SowU^'^f^^X tW^Tr be^^ftrStuT?'^^^^^^^^ the root »WTtog to attract butterflies, moths md often th« Com^ri"^ r"tary on I scape Ci^T SV'ffi Common in rich woods Uu-Qughoiit U. S. «i Qiiig; 9, MoNKtHOOD; AcoifiTc. Aconitum uncintftum. HepATICA; LlVBBWOItT. Hepatica trUoha. wad Flonm Emt of tU Rockies isi i««^^fV^ f^^'^^r « lacks the hardy qu5^^ Ities of that species. The flowers are quite larL and handsome; they grow in a loose, few flowe^JSemS fh. ^^^y '^^e^^al *° size and^pe- the upper one is large and hood-like, and conce^i two small petals within it; it has three to flT^ St numerous stamens and three other abortive d^Sis' The leaves are firm, three to flve-Wd a?d notehed fi^m Pa. southwards, flowering from jJne to Sept^ HEPATICA; LIVERWORT (Hepatica triloba) It hear * °' ^^^^^^ tSt we S^d hear the first reigorfed blooming of the Tiei-vtica Sk^ink rLjiS*®'^- we except the early-.iowering an n J^^^':K"l*"W-/efu3e to consider this at all as a flower, the beautiful Hepatica is the first of Z ^tZlZaSirfrr J' «eeS,ingly^^rc;Ld'for' WW temperatures, for its stems are thickly covered with fuzzy hairs; the three-lobed. smcwt'i-eS eaves are rather thick and coarse, last" gtb oJg2 the winter but turning a ruddy color whill T e n«w ones that appear with the buds, aw MjS «'^'i7t radiate above the older prostrate ones. A sI^eTbh s som appears at the end of each lor.g fuzzj " c ,>« u IS about one inch broan. has five to ten im e m,r Pie or lilac sepals and numerous green fsh ,.K-',ia and yel ow anthers; they have a slight fr^-v luL ' wirnw *° ^ '1"^'^^"* blM(,niin« from fFild Flowers East of the Rockies 188 MANDRAKE; MAY APPi p /«. . turn) belongs to the B«rw! (S«<*0PMlum pelta- ceae). a small family of^^SI^ ^^"^l^^ (Berberida- flve genera of but o^e two"'' '"to present species is quite e^miSS The shady, moist m-ouSS *° '^^h woods, or In and southwi-dnSwerinTin'^Ma^^^ ^i, ^- mLS! rises to heights of 10 to lllnih^l '^^^e two long-stemmed iteht »»'a'»che8 into leaves; the lattw* arl flvf f ' spreading notched, and uneven^ balanpin '^^l^'P^rted. lobed Joint of the leaverhXs R tniif • 'orked short. Slender. cuV^*%eVunc ^tJl^'f ^"^"^ °° » cate. nearly two inch^ very dell- bear at tbe TOi^S °°°-flowering stalks leaves. ■a»«le, large, one-sided, divided tarTrs^'v^iTeTbTbeVs'L^^^^^^^ »<> "ec- chiefly fertilized through thel^?±**' ^21^° ">d is large and lemon-shapTyellow in July. It is the fruit th'at glvrs i? Si***"' ^^^^^^^^ Apple. It is also known af"WfM ? ® °^ ^ay appropriate name ff SI fr„u f ^®n»e°/ Quite an While the leaveTand stem Iri r,*l°"® considered. Planl!!''il}-J^'^onI^'ab^^^^^^ ^Siy"-) is a smaD. low solitary white /oweHas SX^Im?^" The as many early-faUlng seoals ft P^**'^ half a naked scaii. The tXnarti/?'^^ *i»e top of the root on long petiol^ wSii^f from rather whitish below * ^ ^'^S** "hove and itV^m:i:i^^J±^ i |oist woods from N. — « mmmwarm, ft Itowers fai April and mid Flower, East of tkt Boekki 1$5 fonoX^^n^'f/e h^eei^"o"f'ou?h^r^'"''->- Closely find the delicate flow«r'S'^^ Hepatlca. we leaves and e^a'mllngTs'floSl^l^^^^ en woodland Almoaf hilS^ ° ^°^^y' flower stalk bearTnra lltHi JSH^!iJ!Li**** a delicate silverrilaflet fnr??^',?'"^'^ wrapped in the earth dSd l^vek Th * flower stalk grows ra?iHiv f lea' unfurls and the Its Protection^Tnow 0^8 ^Ht"^ falling off. exDoSn* ^5^4. ,*^** ^^^^^l^'^S^ sepals pure. White. deilcSf bfossoL *tT ^\exquisltely- partially closed on dull days but fn ^»?^^P®**'" wide open, one and oii«.h/i?' *° sunshine spread posing the «oldef tSJfr SLf un 'o^.h ^^^^^'^'^^ yellow-tipped stamens t^^^a ^ °' numerous, cate; th? petals sTay but two ^''•^ and a breath of wind may Mow th\T ^•^^ After the flower la e-^t^+K T °* sooner, and becomer^ry lafef'^n/ derelopes rapidly divisions and loles The roof ll JK"^*? 5' with a blood-Uke Julrp L ? \^ reddish and Is filled now usedTn i^^dlSnes and waI'?nr'Sf V^'^ ^^s Is dlans for coloring pur^sts g o^r^^^^^ som? Mexlca^^pirn^ f?u'2rir«.r*'"fr»> » '^^^d' tions of the UnltPrJ qt»i ^ tt»e southwestern por- PortloS;. It has a pricklv s?pV? ^'^*P^' *° a^ed Vi^. ^^^^ Sl>S.^i!S re ^o~SHS^^ visit themT^' ^ ^ °' ^ bees that Wild Flower* S^i of tko BtM^ 197 able celerity It 18 now 2i„n^^^^ ^^^^ "mwk- m the eastern half nf *^™°«^ everywhere time, to extend S r-.n J / ««»try. It bids fair. In that bird hai " """^ » pett thrend'o"eachlS5S«S*?"^ ^^'^ branching; at slender pedfcels ^SSo*" * <>' budi on w thit the plant keeSrinTiLJL"^, °' *r * ""i fact, the nowe^L te^n^^'S * 1^ to the end of septeX? ^^'^ a'^"* ^"^^ ^ ^ay Inch or more broSd with foT^® are biOf an a slender. pSntS greernlio^^^ stamens. The seed-^ iV inl?** numerous yellow ripe. It splits I^t th^^bSe L.i^fintf'**?^''*^®'' cape. Towards thp ^^W^ * to es- cominuerbloom mwked Sv fr?*"* leaves have a bright ' and It. t«»i« .«„. oriaSwTuSJ^fc^S^ hMtewer"o^^^'aS^«^„'°^5'"'» tower. It oToid in shape and brt«tl^ » 'i.^ "? ^ Dutchman's Brbbchm. Dicentra cucullaria. B. Squirrel Corn. DicetUra caiuuUiui*. wad Flow€rt Eatt of the Rockies ISQ eritiions look and wonder, but fall to sen th» »mJ^ L'K.'f" tormlng a protection fT'he rti™. double sae 1b write, stained with vallow mi I^ves are on long petioles from the AwSitott- ^ Minn, and south to N. C. and Mo ' ^^"^"^^ and rounder and the flower rt'lf^f " T'" " t»»«^*DSan^s Breeche"' The pale magenta flowers b.t» half •« T^^i, • I. * worn N. 8. to Minn, and aouth to 0». ^™ mL '^l tod wffi, c?oi lij^^fl^.^^ or to M^ Ve ^ owing side by side wltt ^SL"*' Toothwort often At lie top •rTuieflliii®**'*'* of 8 to 11 iaeih nave four white Detaia f i,!^" Inch wide, sepals and numerou!^ yel Sw <>' i^SS notched-edged leavei ^wiJj Two S-Mrted other larger, similar ^ iS'^' mlddlii of the root, which i rlSl/li^^^J'^ aha^ peiidages; it is edi iJd «55? toothUke a^ fclkaaarellah. itL ^ »>y coun2? •i^llS?:*" The feavI??Je"d^^^ ^'^^ very <^nsplcuously g^S'ti^hef^?!^^ narrow loiS? and with larger tubers 'in*!^® d«e|^«eated April to Juae^te aSS^S^. SSe^i^ir »>\?>'°^ haa become quite ^mi^n^'S'ro'Jr.T*^ (EUROPEAN) Is a weed that we win om* raam. It gncea or barrenXldi" The flSSi.~*'^-*^^aHte the four white petals «*naU. and s from 1 to 5 in^ hlS! TlSl^tT''^^^- ^he lance-shaped and krtSnr Stti?''^ aU bSJ wad Flmtn BaH of the Rockies us COMMON MUSTARn /a t'om where ft leta a »eo- about abandoned taJmsLnH ^t." *" abundant fleldB In cultivation- T. ''"*,°ft«> enroaclieg upon latter case iS"!; IVr'^m..^^'"" '» t"' P?rt of the owner Th. J,? °,' ""Iftlessnesa on the S'f "^Sirof fTSmf to 7V« " "f ed, tot yellow floweraR^o J - « 'our-petal- 8eed-iK>d8= W left in ?ie wake of fh-^/' '"^^ •"^^ continue to bloom aio^^TJe^®^^ as they ^^»^oU^-^^^^^ has aeeds^is plainly Si« S^®^^'. the notched but not SvldeH niili ^^a^es are the Common or Klik'MKS ^T.°f"'*^ " <>' as an obnoxious evprJLh. ' I^"^ common, (EURSSLS^^^fb'^l?^ aK^^^^^ o ff, c I „ . , . ) rom Europe, that keeps Z tSJSv? Ingly busy trying to eSlrmlnif/^ ^ t'!^®*" ^verlast- Petalled yellow low«r« u?*® '^as tiny, four- the lengthenirg s^Tm an!^^ Bummer; along Closely ^set aga1ns??he °1em ' Th^^^^^^ "'^^ angular and more flnelv h^'m^ !».^®*^®^ a"*® more Common MoiMMi. ^ ^ tli« PiTCHn Plant. mid Flower, Ea.t of th, BtMt, IM blossoms are clelriv show? °' ******* and Pitchers w basal L vil ^^'^ oPPoslte picture. The dozen all radiai^ ^'^^ three to a orifice up. ^ examin««n«*'*\ the is partlanV ffled wui"wa?er'^°w h 1* P"«*»«^ the leaf, on th7in8lde f« « o« w**®*?^ the rim of tract insects; M Uiese ent«r^* S*^ "obstance to at- over countlew liml haire Jli J^^nS*^^ downwards These make it vS-y dKu P°*«tta« downwards, erf the pitche? ^7mMy Of ^ "*^* and are drowi^ta^^,Ste? V?S^^^**'^""*^^ compose, they are absorbed ft ®f® count of Its killing 1^8^ .^^^/^? P**°*-. ae> them by absorptlol S^MtSL^^o«T*/'''^^®^°»'*°« as a carnivorous spIcSs ^*^°* ^^^^^ ''^^'^ nu^^MCnd^ro/'l.o^^ Spag- come quite dry during the^^f ^TlTr!^^^ ^ does not dlwxmiiTOde the nlant ?« ♦ J^^^^ however, carries Its reserv^wlth It ?« JS *^«ie*st, as It the pitchers with th« w.i ,° weather we find No less tLn to, teV*^' ^^^^ gle bloSomJ^om"o^ hoHnw *^iLF*"*^ » -l^- ing May and Juna Tii aS^' «r«ct scape, dni^ Pistil Is umbrella-llke^s7^o^nded 10 Thread-leaved Sunssw. Drosera filiformit. Round-leaved Sundbw. Drosera rotundifolia. Wild Flofvers East of the RackUe Off bogs^or moist saidysoS "''"''*'"" P^"'* in hal'longf ^neat,^fl,° (Dro.era tillformi.) The flowers are iumTmus «n5T' leaves' top of a Slender sm^ofHcaSf ^Sf^^/**'®^^ purple petals, five stamens fnA ^^e, small, ?jas. The flowers op^n onTi?7>.™^ ^'^"^^^^ ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW ^r^ JB one of the most com^mon J ~*""<«lfolla) found in moist, sandy o? peatv L ? f Sundews; it li Alaska and south to Pa t « J Labrador to numerous. Quite rou2d Ld n„ '^^^ ^•»^«» root. The leaves are SLw ^'e°»8 ^om the glands, that exudl dJoos^f"/^ V"""^^^^ ^*th hairy glistening m the sunUght SL is from these that the nlant lo dew -It like drops deceive insects into '^^^^ ^iw- when they discover i alighting on the leam h^d fast prisJSTA Se sttkv "^^^^ in. w& cliSi^rdtL^T ^ « *o « branches at the top The one or two Uiat it has during^ the floweH^«.'''®°*y Ao'^e™ They oiHai but one or two ar* /fm.^®*^°" ^J»fte. sunshine. The leaves and have rather purplish Juic^ thif „t!S® rooUtalk. In contMt wtth^ l^te what thoy oome U0U8. one Si^^SSSf in^JnT^S plants. • " ^>il* to atudy these W^ FUm^ Man of the Rockies 149 leaves. The seedsZve coi.ion^^?ih,"® •ttwuate from 8 to 24 Inches 4f S«7 ^^^^^n* cf^y White, finely vSiedwffh J^®".*^® * singly on lone scanla « aTd 1 «^e«nlsh. and borne clasps each flower sca^ a base. The basal lea^ distance above its thick and co»S« 2. f^^J® long-stemmed. ratlMr bluntly polntS^ smooth-6d«ed*15 b J^beca^sTorC vei?^^^^^^^ ST -PPearance. tile stamens alteSa^fwUh th^^"!? J?? yellowish anthers loc^tS Lt V?^' where the petals ovmS? W« bloom from the latter nf;* ^ t species in 8ept«nber. molSt abSdSuyl''Z^S^" *^ sides; In these pla^SNJrSaJ^;.?,?","''' "^^^^ during March and Aoril '^Sl^ ^ spatulate In shape blunt p^/J**!.^ *™ or toothed, rather 'cSaSe to teitf/J?^' rough-edged wards their base intn !f«i5. narrowing to- A. MiTRKWORT. Miteila diphylla. Foam Flower; False Mitrswokt. Twrella cordifolia. Plant tha^tm?g"Trl?J{ry woodland for the peculiar little flJC?%hiL°'*"*'^^®'« " ber, very short^temmed^ f« « i ""^^ O"™- The flowers have flv- n^of^ 4 to 7 In. high. beautifully frCj i L Wve'th^fl'^*'^ « line appearance almost liS f oL^^S ^P'^®'* » crystal- «i long, hairy stem^ f?o«^T^•• »«»v«8 roonded or kldney-shaSS JS^n?*'^ ^'i'' ^. Theiw planta are oft^TcSl^d ''rS. he cap-llke shape of Se -S?^*. this species from lS«»!dii S SHS f?*' ^e find to Ct. and Mich. ^ Saskatchewan, south with two vefvlhort ^S^^^^ clasping the flow«r ill beart-shaped leaves Its length tSo stem hSi?!?i!?'*i^^^ baTf way up the last species aS? fs tifip^® top Uiai Inches high. The basal leavt-' '™"» « tolS three to five tootoerfolis Thii^ ^^^r ^J^'^Ped. with cor • «"««» It has a taii hai4 rim-I! ?5 tWckete. feet high %e brtiht SLf*?" *» ">ur the stem to laree leavpa m-iJ - . top of ■ Shaped. toothed^leX'" "terlpM ^SS"'.^ ones on the lower part of the steik ^ yellow petairaidaiim^l^'*''®' "'^y- Ave T/ey o%r?rom the ^^^ttolS^'oTThl^^ the top, and each SanJi; iJ^Kii. towards Our aicestorl^red Se leaves ^^r^J^'i * P*'*^* concoctions, and gome evei 7?''*°"! m^HchuU tea. It Is a comi^SJ^Sto ft^v «°l ^""Z "^'^^^^ westwards to CaL^^^^ ™* B. to N. C. and Dalibarda repens. B. YSLLOW AV£N8. Wild Flower, Emt of tko Bot^ m toba and south to N J bWo 1?^*° in«. densely-tufted rootstalk? ?L diS- ^ ''''^^ erous heart-shaned iP«vi ' ?™ ^^^^^ ^P**** leaves their S Dallbarda has two kinds of flowers- Th« a,...* als are decidunna foiin- ' wmmens, the pet- ens. The seS Mn^*nf ^i«°°" flower op- while many of thM« wSh LlS' fertile. of xmi^o* tk« ViSta!^ ^ mUUkm (w tkow 7?e'?o»r:;e"?.ii^r jf ^^^^^^^ and jjo. ™ ° Manitoba and south to N. C. nm''rsh''spj^,e1i^^l?^<^^^^^^^ a." """"t beautiful wUd flow- ra?ely a«7„?rfi.* ^"""^^^ °' Slat te tivati ?c!it'S?w?nM^ ^^^y K^'?' i« n^ade up of five to nine ^ance-sha^' UnTlelvef ^^^S '^^^^ W stlouW maL sUlk ^"Wtloii of the slender stem with The flowers are two or three inches broad and hnv^ ih'^whT' radtatlnrfmm the g?een^^ thSis ^ ^We-bawd, curved 1 1 i roses and grows in Drnfusinn it, Bwamp Hose, rarely exceedios threp tt^t but the slender stems arnSSs branchial and of*^^^^^ ^''li^ ^^"^^^'l masses that in Ste heiirSt of the blooming season, are exceedln«irb2tutlful T^^^^ flowers are about the same riae i ttSS of Swamp Roee, but are aaoally mta^rwJ*^^^ ! the branches. loiitMy at tte «Ms of The leaves are dark green, without ^oss divided y-t°oo?hldTeaflJS" 5^?% '^"^^'^^'^^^ar sLr;i1grewn?hSr?sX*^^^^^^^^^^^ r » ?Je arr'^*h^"^J BtemVlJrjun'uols''^^ broken off. so that they are UtUe UM4 foTwi^ Wild Flowert Eo$t of th§ Bo^Hu idd 8WEETBRIER; EGLANTINE (Rom rubiginoM) Is a very beautiful species of wild rose introduced from Europe. We may find It bloomins quite com- monly in dry, rocky pastures and waste places dur- ing June and July. It is remarkable for and easUy Identified by, the sweet-scented, aromatic fragraiiee of itsleaves. The items are long and arching, grow- ing trom two to six feet in height; they are brown and are armed at frequent intervals with ihort de- cidedly recurved thorns or prickles At regular totenrals along the stem, are close-pet, compact clusters of flowers and leaves. The leaves ?n.!,,J!S^® ?' °' "^^^o ^^^y "naaU leaflets, rouaded-ovate in form and with the edge flnelv double-toothed, and covered beneath with fine 8tlc\ y glandular hairs . The flowers are also quite smali. especially when compared to the very common Pbs- Inlt^L ^'"^y one to two inches in diameter. They are rather light colored, a creamy-pink, and have five, heart-shaped oetala the ends being sUghtly notched; the numerousrcurv! ing stamens are a bright yellow. All of the roses *n color and with the ends of the sepals spreading from its apex; that of the present species Is OTOid ia ^pe. Eglantine is iTvV^T. Noy^Scotia to litehifair«»i 4ath^ to Virginia and Tenn. SMOOTH K08E (Rosa blanda) Is a spedee that is thi ;»^;i2Sj unarmed with prickles. The stem and tne undmlde of the leaves are covered with a light Dioom. The pale crimson-pink flowers measure n4r- ly three inches across. The red fruit is either rotmd or pear-shaped, with persistent sepals It T?^« * ^^^y northerly distribution. no/hoJS M Jnjocjy places from Newfoundhuid and 167 IPIM Flmtm Mm§t of tko Roeiiet m»M FAMILY (LtguminoM*). Usually they have P«PiliO0M!«0aa flowers, that is with a >tmnHar^ Irlll en .eeV™"*" •£rlf '? '""'^ Pl«U iMve^ Jd £1 SLi?"" ™11'<>«n Into tteM IMt nlate^haped leaflets. The rtolet-blne floiim f£» SdUltto »J .peele. i. common from P,. to X MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) J /ff^PLIED IM^E tnc 1653 East Main Street Rochatter, New York 14609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Photw = (716) 288 - S989 - Fox Wild Flowen Eatt of the Roekiet 169 UrH\.° (BaptLla tinctoria) Is a very «nnn /^^-y ^ushy herb. The stem dividei Lts exin'd ^« •l^^der branch- lets extending equally In all direetfons so that th^ o f^" ""^^^'^ a distance, is often that of a large, bluish-green globe. The leaves ^JLl^ir'^^'lt"^' ^edge-shaped, dull green Wtth J Tnri is?"" ^^^^'^ * blulsh-lreen appear fnn?- 1^* »>ntterfly-8haped flowers u-e in loose clusters at the ends of all the branches. MiS are visited by many of the smaU butterflies and sm^ The rooS'nrw 5"?°.?' ^'^^^^ ^^^^ blacklsh^ fn J^h/ °' ^i!** ^'•e used by drug concerns 2e DteSf' w,?.T^.^"*^' can also be made fr^S f«L^2!t; T^^li, ^^'^'^^ ^'"^^ or sandy soil teib«? Minnesota, flowering from June to Sep- RATTLEBOX (Crotalaria sagitUiis) receives Its ?T! ]»««?«8e the seeds rattle about In the llrge with a hairy, bending stem and stemless. toothless Dointed-oval leaves alternating along It TheVJiC' pea-like flowers are In small clustefs at the end" of he branches. It is found In sandy soil, chiefly iomr the coast^from M«m. to Fla. and Texia^d in ttl Misslsst^ hMte. to Indiana and South I^Jta o^**"^!"!!? ^•-OVER (Petalostemum purpureum) is an upright perennial herb, with the smSoS stem Hn°Jl f leaves compounded of flve. narrowly- iln„o /^*"f and *^rowded In dense terminal spikes; they are purple or rose- color- ed have a smaU standard and fou» petals on thread- M^ssl^wi. «» «nr prafifea wSTl^ H^ild Fhwen Eatt of the RodHet 171 from N H Mini" ^'L**"^' ^ rrom XV. h. to Minn, and southwards It is a pea-like plant with a simple silkv-haired erect stem, leafy to the top where It termlna^tes In a mRrkp/ wfth® 1^*''!;^? yellowlsh-white flowers fJSf,a!^.r" flowers are large and num. tvl' ^^""^ * rcanded standard, but Utile long- ?f to twenty-nine linear-oblong lnutt\ very slender and very tough; it is from these qualities of the foots that Se plant receives Its common names. handsome species with large, showy yellow flowers m^suring about 11-4 IncheTacross;'on slendfrTi m r« " ?® °' leaves. usuallyeitherslBg- iL/if P.^^f' five, large, rounded petals have purplish spots at their bases; after flowertng PoJid^llTfWsIn^^^^^^^^^^ each With a tiny awl-like point. The stem is erlct' finH or two feet tall. We UnLMes' ''^ -"^^ the quite similar but much taller. The flowers are smaU hair f groups of two or three at the iS? °' u% ^^L®*- ^e le»v®« compounded of 10-20 small leaflets, less than 3-4 inches long- they are very sensitive and close, or fold together, at night. li*'^ ^^^^^ roughly. It is foSd from Me. to Fla. and west to Nebr. and Tex. Rabbit-foot Clover; Stone Clotbs. Trifolium arvense. B. Rbd Clotsb. Trifolium pratente. mtd Flowers East of the Rockies 1^ RABBIT-FOOT CLOVER; STONE CLOVER tTn '^^L^.^^' field, unra toTXchls £Lh h"1/^ from 4 posed of numerous florets Mt if f^fi ^'^^^^ "f^ species everywhere within our ?kiiga ^ ^^'^ *^ been Intro«li«^^ ' could have clover ia L J^^l^i * ' *>een found that Wild Flomerf Etui of the Roekiet 175 Juicy Th/fV.f«H«t^,^*^™ branching and flower-he«dl T5L composing the round iiuwerneaas are crMOhcolored tinned wUh ninfc. they are very fragrant and laden wltKtrr TOSiSw fresh, pink and erect «»e "PPer Is places or along roadsides. "'oaaows, waste WHITE CLOVER •• V . common of the white ' t??!"*^ ion?; teTcreyrS.C?l!"%Ve"L^^^^ angular maJrin the mfddle iSta ? Jfh' furnishes the prized " iSved^lovers^th^^^^^^^^^^ so dearly love to find nn^fho* children nify "good luck" "^he t*^|i*J^^ to slg- slightly pinkish and veryT^SUl* ^""^ our ghori. long aKo frnm Ji' ^''^rf''' S common In the eagfero ^i^f*^,*?^ ft* *■ very southern CanaUr we fln.f ^ll***, ^""^ ^Ute. and high. The leave! SL*^''^' « *<> 15 Incheg they are praSy^^^terS. ^»<^ onet have large gtluure?/* *iS2 ^® '^^^'^^ and goft and have fine teitSlSST?' ^^^^ the three small lejflefg 'ma;,?*^^"*"* on of The flowerg ir^" J S-^""**;* »P,t»»f leaf, three, at the enda of thf L ' J° c'wj^w of two or «■ oblong. deSeiy crowd^^^^wHh ^ead low floretg. ha^J S IttJi. Ji'^ «oWen-yel- Thoy blooi from th? £5?JSf'!; J^^'^w "T»"«o»«»^ and. ag they mature tuJ^^ii"' f^l® *«^. opwMdi reflexed. res 3SnrdiS?^hjS*°''^^^^ are spring from a singlf ,3V?Kv °»y 18 from June until SeDt«>mh«r nowenn« mmob weed-like plant found every wh^iT^f- -* . The stem is tall and br«irMrj^ ^. Places, feet high. T^e iSJe? a?« tH£,po^'n8 'rom 2 to 4 ing finely toothed^Jfthrmii?!"*^' ^^""^ ^"^^^^ be- stem With a double bind * »bort florets are In long ^'rJ^^J^^}""^' «lover-llke brancheg; they iS^y^l^ZJS'"^^^'^'^' -a. puce. .C. ff^uiM w'-SJVSfSi State., when. thouttndTrf tSSTr" We.t.ni ""Ti'e'.ST!' oTOo'r^ *^ "harp briiUe it end fnH ♦t® ^ a tiny, short. Slender "em wltt aXlSS ^ purple flower. iSw to Si?rt The ends of the tl^SSSr SaSches- liSSi®"®* »* ^ lously twisted or coUed^H rnn#J!«'^*P^ COW VETCH; V^TCH ■•r'*^ trailing herb with I w»k ^y*'* C'^cca) Is « on the borderTof fhlSTe^i o/ ^1 " fields. The stem grows from cultivated and climbs over iraM J^^^l to three feet long sm^ slender tendriratThe'^Tds o?^^^ The compound leaves «rf 'eave^ thirty small oval leaflets laS ^^^^^^^ to sharp-pointed brIsUe Th; nt^S H^?®*^ * t»ny. like flower. g^Jw tea one beaJl stalks from the anSeS o? t'Si 'I*'®"® «'e»»der the branching. h5?f .?em Thi*r*''*""« <>' that Is. they iSt dowS^^r I L rrttod. Several othV^ed^^f v»? stem.^^ Juced and are quite eomm«7^^? totro- Common Vet^hTv wttvaTihf^^^^ ot Vf\,ic\x Is the and flower, la palri. ^ 'e'^®' leaflets Ground Nut; Wild Bban. Apiot tuberosa. B. Hog Peanut. Amphicarpa mottoiem. Flonm Etut of the Roekiet 181 P«*'-«*»»Pid. tuberous rootte ^teS wSli country boy knows. mm mry While It does not prey upon plants by snelrfB* dn^'Jh climbing twSnr^SS flvI**Sr^^«ii«if* ^'•e compounded of a^^t^ot^sf roorhTndTgtt ''^rv.^^ frZ iL^tw'r «±i el^'e'f oTsle^fr'^SlS aSm - thir^ ® ""^^ ^® and the plant h^A ^'i® lllac-brown. 4iave very broad, reflexed standards and lone sivthe-ahiinirt keels, strongly incurved or coTted %e"J?e« Sfve species that I have ever seen. We find the Ground Nut in bloom during August and SeptSSbS In ?amD meadows, from N. B. to Minn, and southwards to the a djin^?.rraSS5 B^JT^rTrd^^ clusters of magenta-lilac hlSS^n Sher frSftfu? ^f*J**^^ P»«»t developTntrpea?- fh^fH***^' "^^^^^ from the fact that hogs used to root up aod mi tbwe. oune ^ rather inappropriate name. A. CoMMoir Flax.- (LiMttm usitatisgimttm. B. Yellow Flax.' Linum virginianum. WUd Flowen X4UI the Boekia iS8 nMl rAMILY (LlnacM). yellow flowers, less than a half Inch across tK ^J". * ^'^^y^ into five seiSS a corouS of five petals, five stamens and pteUls t!rt«S?^IS^ HK it.' T**® leaves are thin and have but one IhlcJulrnT^^^^^Z,^' *° woodland «l twckets from Me. to Minn, and southwards to Ga. PEAjJ!** rliifh^^^ "•"tatl.simum) (EURO- thP K *s "ore attractive tbiu very slendrSS«°L^*J^^^ '^^^^ of its few i;S^ho*®* and each / branches are terminated with one or two delicate, violet-blue flowers; these measure abo^t three quarters of an inch Imiid, or sliSttrmore X fhSSi alternate, sharp-pointed leaves are «iZ?**«*^rf^* species that is cultivated very exten- sively In Europe, and less so in this country foflto linen fibre and Its seed oil. both of which ha?4 a extensive commercial use. It may be found aloM JSSflv? °' '""^^^^ waste'^placei ^toS; usiially as an escape from cultivation tho'"**!!!? *»as tiny yellow flowers crowded on Xii lt^*ss:^^'*^"^^^• g^w opp^ A. Wood Soiuai» Oxalit acetostlla. Violet Wood Sorrel. Wild Flowen EmH of tlu Roekiet 185 flowers It la n«r«I!r 1 M """ty our woodland flowers are Tery fr2 * ookS^"°.^l°?"^ '^^^ While tliSSJ «# ! P*^® magenta flowe s, *e White .jSiiSr • only open when the suns rays beam on them^ s?ctloM£S leaves of both these kinds of S.rrll^^^ ^ These Sorrels bear cleistogamoui flowem «t th^i, the'SuVi:'^ that fS?llIze SaSVes t Yellow Wood Sorrxl. Ostdis Hricta. Wild Flomen Etui of the Roekiet 1 87 tbree to twelve tachS ta , ThJ' Svef w agreeable twam. *«»«• Has an foldenyellow aowers are quite fnur. SHeS - ^ .^rrt^oa?^? J»s Irect™ JS^SS.'^ ««*~ nSS auer tne seed pods have develooed rb tha stoT«o even more deflexed at that pXd; It kSk« W «! Wild Gkranium; Cranubili.. Geranium maculatum. B. Hekb Robert. Gerttnium Robertianum. ffild Flowert Eu»t of th§ Boeki^ l%g °f?ANIUM; CRANE8BILL (O.ranlum maeulatum) is one of our most common woodland er belni a?i?« 'iTn "♦^'^'^^ ''P rough-hairy, the form- hVht*Lfre%rro fee\'Th?!:rV"^uiM ai me ends of tho branches; the petals are lam Ati»t 'our or oJu 7 ground: the stem bendi sbarply as It enters the soli and continues Into a loDc'^d- er rootstalk often a foot in length. A fVw broad ed*iUS'?i*^' leaves are crowd-' ed along the stem near Its top and one or two tUw ElfhVr™*'"".* ^^^ ^^ stem lower do^n^^ length, the two lateral sepals are large and wIue- cfe?!s "Sfrd:^'„thr^?".?"K^~'*' name/for thi. is «imhio„£f because of the fancied re- foinJi is ■ *° three petals are t^^e^l'er to form a tube, through wUA the fni Jnff*"*"^ P*'"^ protrude; the two™read- i^^^oJTJf* ^^f^*^*" Ptok the petals are light- Po^l^«li^® '^°«od or bearded. n 5 m!«,* k *^o^»»on In damp, rich woods from N. S to Manitoba and southward! to the Gulf flowcor. J'"'^ *° **«°der racemes at tfe^pTSS b lnnl.l^r!Jr grol f?om hi near he ton ' ftTul'T" « single branch near me top. It also bears cleiatogamous flowers on subterranean shoots; It is front ttSrSat 1 1 ^fff whore in dry sandy soil. «v«ry A. Milkwort. Polygala tanguinea. Crobs-LEAVBD MllKWOItT. fVild Flowera Etui of ikt JUthUt ]^ Pany with Hod CIovat • tVtZ r^S^"**' *° sterna we v«t i?af^ «»h SiJ^ ® •'•ct, wiry from the angles of the upper leftria J^»n«« like sepalB correspond to the winJi^* ♦iSf^*'*^^ Polygala. the tnie Mtala^S mSS^.?" ^'^•.^nKed being shorter BSVlsIWe fSS"**h^'' ^^i:*?!®^ ■mall, stiff acutelv m^inl!!? 1 ™" outalde. The nated on the Stem un to tL^ e^^^^^ ^^"■•'y srowg from 6 to 5 i£iLH^?J°''®I PJ^t out the U S abounds through- bafStlX"^^^^^^^ cruclat.) the stem.--croiSlke Th« !T"'^ *° ssTvir htsio^r -^2^to^"i2s orTn JjtheJ'mSff ?.ir"?* <>' «wamp» southards to Z%n?f^^^^^^^ *° Minn, and and the last h^f oni Sn^ nf find their flowerB^;iiTunr^^°LS&:^ 19 mid Flowers East of the Rockies 195 rru, .'^y®^ FAMILY (EuphorWaceae^ less Widely margined with cl^ar wWte leaves" ThfstaLin'ktelS^teUn^^^^^^ different plants, t" ta^l^"£%^r^ JV^J has five white petals "••"^ w ht© parted and grows ,n dry solTVr'o'J"^^^. IJ^ oL' west to%"o?c^ rado, and is sometimes found in Mrt. » cullar'Vpfc'^es ^f^u'ni^r^'clc^'W Minn. southwards to T^xll i^k Tn mi erect, branching smoo«?rtiS ^« three feet hlirh t??^* ^^^^^ ''o™ one to ovate/ruouf toothed' totn^'^^ftA'nT ^^^L'^T e.l. The ones crowded at the ^dS S thTr*" l^^" usually have red baspa ViT « • " branches mina/clust'er i?^ fl^fp'arte?" esc'kprffom irrdenf ^lt"ht"r* ^yi^^"'") is an leaves, and a lM«f tLniLi ^ t'"'' numerous, linear floweri «reenlsh-white Flamen BaH of the Rockie, 197 Patlen. biflora) Tb' a com TOUCH-Wl-NOT (lm. a stout, but fn^le bSS?„V^''^«^r^°8^ *»erb 4lth mon name of Jewel-W(^^?'l"!?"®^- most corn- flowers certainly do ret^iVfJLf^^^ i«5 -lender orancU^^^^^^^^ sac. which Is really one of fht "® Inflated yellow, spotted wftHrSwn- ,t^f l« «rang broad and has a sharply lZ,'JL " *8 length of the sac Two o? Thl the droop from the ends ot ^ch t^A^^ ««^er8 only one flowers e a toe I*«i«iiel8; but -o'n?y^ ^^iXtnS^^L'lii^^^^^ of two very com. When neirly rlprfh;^ Snajweed. ed but What they will sudSlni?" ^^^^'^^^^^ ^uch- burst and scatter their seed! n explosively, not acquainted with their w»« ^ directions. One Cisr.n'^'"»«««/V^;^^x 'SIS dish. ■ ''"^» stained with red- Blmlti;^ W<;:ff;^^Li'"r l- very with few or no brown spot?' tlT'^' P»ler and s long, and the cwved sdS?!-^! " '^'de as it length of the sac The stem ff k/* tl»e species are common In moUL aJ^^K Both out tbe United Stitak ^^'^ tteoagli. Common Mallow. Malva rotundifolia. Wild Flower* East of the Roekui ]^ MALLOW FAMILY (M.lv«^) lat^r^/fula? SeV^Ir'^e^t'' -^'^'^««rnate. stipu- havlng mucilaginous jiil?^ *'*' '^^^'^ *nd COMMON MALLOW- CMPPaea y« . folia) (EUROPEAN) is a vl^^® dooryards. especlaUy in thl ^J^n?*""'''" "^^^^ about edges of cultivated fleWs «»e from h^ennlal rooS and creeo ovirfh brancbe. being 6 to 24 inches in iL^JS. green, round leaves are vSv wi*"***' dark a shallow-lobed and very ffiv ton^H*"?^'. ^^^^ deeply, palmately-ribbid ThiL^°°**^®i are the Plant stems ar?rathe7?ou^h ^'^^ ciVd'^clLTi'tM^ ben-Shaped flowers are axil. Of the leaves. ' Thf Sve Setlf^h* are white, delicately tlnteriS?£H?i^^^ '^^^^'bed tips, ta. and have veinings o? a deen^r -?oh "^a*®**- are attractive and, were thev^nif^^***®. ^^e flowers our very doors. wo^W mo% of Sj""**^"* »bout The seed is hard flat ami ^e appreciated, dozen or more cl^^llTto^^^L ^^^'r^^d of a 8i;eat relish. theseXing the '?h^ species one of its common nanST^ **** cameV°oursfor°e^'Tom^ *bis species usual With forel^ nl?nt?i??ro^^^^ Atlantic Ab try. It thrives he?? betted iSi ^ "^^^^^ ^bls coun- than in Its nattvl home' I? S ^^^'^ classes of life. Tfce Ssh Snarr^w f "® ^ Is so strongly entrencSfHere thr^^^"*™^' driven out. The Ring-necked pSS ^^^^ be from China, is very abundiS even in the East thrt»«f^iJn the Northwest and. Grouse. ^ better tkm tbe nauve A. High Mallow. Malta sylvestrit, B. Musk Mallow. Malva mogchata. wad Fhweri Etut of the Rockies 201 wasie land, nsiiaily, as we see It alone roadsidns it is only from one to two feet in hSght Botrthe 8?«m. and the leaves have a thick coverilg orhair the l?t Znt%^L^'''''f °" alteraating alonl Se S^ltS a ™'«f ^[f *°t<> or seven lobes with a serrate outline. The flowers grow in cluatera of perhaps a half dozen from the aihS7 the leaves wito two or three conspicuous veins of a darker shade cil c , il^^^h'^^fi '^^^^ often SfSSil^l names iJ« ^5l^7' similarity of the fror?ke^lsen?rpeSr' ""^''^ The Mallows get their generic name of Malva in al tag of a number of soothing compounds ''^ MUSK MALLOW (Malva moschata) (EUROPEAN) iteVsTashel'^'n"^^^^^^ deJply and pilm? diejy siasned and toothed. Several hairy branching oieTr ' ' Te'.t'Th ' « St^^of Jv no° ? "If*"® five rose-colored petals are rough- Thi ' f''^^''^ '^'^^S^^ **»ey »»ad been bitten oft whin thl^?''*^^ received its name from the fact that ^dor if J^T* ^ ""^^^^^^^ S^^e forth a slight blossoms occur, singly or In pUrs. from the axils of the leaves, n^r the ends of Xc^^^'^Z JL^"^"^^ S •'"'y Augu^*irw;s?e Places, often along roadsides, where it has made its escape from gardens, it is now quite abu^dwit to northern New England and southed Qiw^ * ^ WUd Flomen E«H of tk^ Boekiet SOS l«r^*,!lr?„^hV®H^ i"'*»'r"« '^•^'htuto.) Ig a tall, being among the largest and most beautiful of any of and toS^h^^'Jh. ^^'^ ovate-pointed and toothed; they are stemmed, and alternate along the jain plant atauc. The tower oiiaa aw S5« oSSf .,nH^t*^°y®,*if "^^^s at the end of the «S?fJ* »«"a»y blooms at a time f^ J r% P^*, * °»*ny buds; what they lack Hi.r fn."^? of bloom, this speeies fully makes up in ariS.. -rl blossoms measure four to six inches ?nw ®i Ja^'Ke petals, are a deUcate rose to I5f J**"?'/*®^*^®' divides at the tip, in- ipnih® u"?'** Btigmas; for more than hafi its 1!5!? "'^^ ^o'^K stamen column, the ThP i^' «,.n^ covered.^th yellow anthers. ' The Roto A^aHow grows tn swamps and marshes ^Si^l coast from Mass.. southwards, and along ^1VTT^°V*'! to Mich. It bto^ from July to September. For twenty years a small colony of perhaps half a dozen of the beautiful plants grew In a certin swamS near Narragansett Bay in R. I. They were so Sli?lS,»^J bogs that it wajB very difficult to reach «nH **»«y ^^re found by summer vleitors f« f^*^^*?*^' removed bodily. ^ is :he fate of our beautiful flowers thrih"®!? "^^LLdw (Althea oflteialis) Is a species iimo^f ^>f^° introduced from Europe and is foGnd in some of the salt marshes near the coast. The leaves Thl toothed and stont-stemmed^ The hollyhock-like flowers are in small clusters from rnttS^}^ the leaves. The thick root fumlsbes material for ooaftettoiery. irOrf FUmen Eoit of the Rockiee $0i 8 te. toothle... aid geSly ^nSS^^l^' surely S 8DeJ?I/^^?.«? k®' ""^^ve. ti£m often%eTlt TowingTustiW Attest;^ which few plSSTco^ld Sat ly m fields or alS rSid«? ^^^^ Promlscuouih sprinkling of tarvia rlcelvi^ wh ^""f^L » ««' sprlnlcled^ t^eT^' m '^i^ were other species died from the eff^te^ •Itlumi* mnj crowded with tiny sdff branches, each branches terminate in^L^ The upper yellow flowSn?th nSmeZr. ^^t'*^**' This species blooms ^roTS T"-?'' «^«»- SPOTTED 8T: jShn?wS Jt^S* September, turn) is a tamh^ BpTiesSuh^^^^'^V^''''^ flne black -treal^ oTtbe oeteL Sl^fr*"* ing steins ThT de^ ^J?^?®^' ^'^^^ brLch- closely seateTonZ^^tem' SnTi^ other tiny leaves or k 52* Si 51 tbeir bases are thick, flat and bright f, ^^^^^ dusters are 8tam4i« U^gf yeu^°^^^°com™^ 1?^ numerous Mtoo. and toaSiSS! Common from N. Y. to '1 1; A. Mamr St. JoairtwosT. Hypericum virgmicum. B. St. Johnswort. Hypericum ellipticum. cum) iB an enUrelfdiSJr^^'"^ (Hyptrlcum virglnl. in height. »rowInrfrorpirSi5*J5L2?* ^ '•^ x-'tt'S^ Sir-' -"-^ left on hitf body to cSJS tn In^?i, °' " »>« occasionally oSa^fSSSaMon ^i*"*** Wossom. so that flowertoa BeftHntr thT^ "on may occur. After the Later In the sSmer Sfli JSi^S*'^ other, withered away t?e st^aS tSST* ''•^^ ^^t'.ely rosy tlnn that attr«nta £ leayen take oi« a s'miSe?s?anyTaSers^r\"'J,r/^ • «le branch near the ton it Snw * "in- high and 18 quite li^'^'ii^ewL'''"" ® *° ^0 Inches large, about the slSe bErL o fv**"® comparatively Johnawort. AiTthe top are SVw J*'''*® ?^ ^•"^ «f with bright golden-Jeflow st«m^;''^??'*"^^«°^^^ succeeding the flowera otL ^^e ovoid pods found In diSp Xces or ^innT"!'*"- "^^^^ "PeclSli Minn, aadll^ui to * ^^'^^^ to Wild Flon>er, EaH of the Rockies 209 A -m.iJ'?^'^,!'®®^ FAMILY (rfytaceae) -pais. t.e two e^'Zr^ »^^^n.T'%^s%t^^^^^^ (HeH.„the.u. ca„. and unique, becauw, litP In . ♦ ^^""^ remartable form ab6ut thTCTa^ked bi?ir n/^^^ remarkable for the fact ofat i? >.***®/*****- " al*® ers. the first ones to Jm^^ni i.f ^''^ °' A^^" August. The first flSweV^l^o^' i° ^^'^ about one Inch across wfti flJ^ J*""^® a"** •oMtary. those are very dSfcate i„/fll P^tate; Continuing Its mTw^^ ^ "^^^ short branchei nS?lhe ton ^iT ^^r^^pP^s several appear from one to four amiiii' ^"1 yenow petals iSfd ^o^TwKtVr*"' '^"^ of the former are abSJ?7nfot ^"1"^ pods the latter, less ?han hatf .1 ^nR '""Z^"^ ?^ In sandy, dry soil from M«f« 8^ows HUD80NIA rHud.fii??;^ southwards. ground. Its branching St Jm. 2 above with tiny. scale-lSe oval ""^^^^ *^'o^£rhSJ?raperwrtrr^^^^^^^ broken edge to palmatelv iSS^®"* ^^^^^ "'^^ seven rounded loC^ tliiJ 1.?^ "^^'^^ the stem i we tiios^ n? ^^^^'^ e^^^ly to abouthalf warin^an dfvl^^'f* sharp angles/'Bott o thesl^ToSS. '^^^^ dry ground, the former In fleWs^S %l swamps, and the latter usually i from Me. to Minn. and L^^i^ ^ woodland. A. Common Viol«t. Fiola cucullata. B. Canada Vtohn, Piomen EaH af the Rockie, 218 land ereryXrl-in "JJ^V mL^o ^^""^ or along roadsides. It I^a venr^SSJiT;; able species both as to «iL olf ^ Dwotlful and varl- to shape of the I^VM If .to*'^'''" °'i»»o«8oms and plants will be smSl tnd !hl^ scapes perhaps 3 incSes hleh"''?^ S"?**"* ground we find It at It? b^st ?J« iLJ**'^ ^^^^P^ sometimes proudly wStaJ th^, handsome floweni stems a foot long >»«le, mJ the way. this beard thaTfs foSni'?**^®^ By is there for a PurUe ito n "v.^^^^ such as small ants from ^f. 7®°^ crawling Insects, store of nectar " the snur h«il*°^, admittance to the edges. It Is very comnmn i« round-toothed throughout th7uS stifT"'"!'^ °»o*«t woods taller, more slender species JrnilJ*^*'®^^*^^ a inches high. Its iSy^ ari il from 3 to 8 ed and on long stemlfrom fh*''*'^l*^P^ scallop-edg ers are only ^Ig^^ tl^t-t^^';^ white flow- are stronglr velLed wlth^L*?nH are rarely bearded. It Is commnnit '5^° ones and moist ground from N TTo^m?'^ ^ "^^^^Pa wds, flowertng from Aprtl to' June * ao^'th- Dowmr Yei.low Violrt. VwU pubetcenM. Wild Flower* E(ut of the Rockiet 817 DOWNY YELLOW VIOLET (Viola pubescent) is Liuff /^'^»..JJ*°^»«»"« tJ»*t prefers fSrlS ' K 7 side of ruali^ brooks, but not usually where the soli Is moist In a certain piece of woodland, a small brook tam- in^w".l»^*LS?*t"y,*^°°«^ rocky bed AlS^f spar- ingly line both banks of the brook, banks that stone steeply upward on either side. In one plwe £oK Of °' an ordinary room. isTcS^? of Yellow Violets. growlDg so closely together that one can barely see the ground between the leaves Directly over this wild flower bed, a pair of Wo^' Thrushes make their home, year after yean OrdK I/. y*°^^^^ in April and May but in this particular case their bloom is delayed unUlthS Matter part of May, the time when tteir fwttiered " V home also completed ^ th J f« Ji?l**lT °' ta»est members ol length. Both the stems and the leaves arT woolv from^Vh^^f'* '^^ to four leaves growS from the stem near Its summit; they are heart ahan ed. pointed and either toothed or s^loiS ''T^e flowers rising on slender peduncles from ttf; aSs of the leaves, are rather large and bright yellow the two lateral petals are heavily bearded Sid ^^^^^^^ rta^I^thTsSo-Jt^SSr.*"*^^" ^^-^^"2 Mo«t of the violets, during the aummer have anefa g.'^Lrill?MLX^&»^^^^^^^ ^ilSit'M:'"' -"•"SStaTex^e^S l^n N. 8. to Mtnltob. ud ■osthwards to Md. aad PvRPhm Lootmuvs. Lythrum salicaria, B. Loosestrife. Lythrum alatum. Jf^ild Fhwwt Batt 9f AocMm tip PURP?p ?mS2I®" P^'^'ect flowers. name, of -Long Purples" and "Spiked Willow-herb " It Is a very ornamental plant and fom » iiSTiSS:^ S-"-v- ^^^^^^^^ niM. Purple LooBestrlte Is found locallT in ...^ ly from the »rn= ,h ■ appear sparlng- braSa Thu .„Lf "ear the ends of the "rancnes. This species grows In moUt ground fpnm N. S. to Minn, and Muthward* to tke OnM Wild Flowert Etut of th€ Rmkigj to pMt through ui M WS ISLI •ABlmtlon the^5a'nrr« but .pace the'^ie^S^tSln* f^T^'^off 2d^?L'**' long stamena becomiiiff witw«5 ^1 **• ^'^^y* detract irwinwm ?fh"''' brownish; these plant. ■^''*»"» M otherwise very beautiful ovate. toothS: th^re^rlSSleSfes^^t f '^^^^^^^^^ on the .tem. The flowXgrow on -i^i^'' oPPo^tely from the angles of the ZS^lB^vJ-^f^!' Peduncles large, rounded. ma«ent« JSLio "1***®^ four sharp point at t"eTp if^hr*? "^^^^ » and slightly unequa I thl Lth«Ji 'Jif ally large and bright .owL ifiii" exception- shaped with four VhoS ^^'^^ »™- IB fouad bloomynVdSHn??;?v'?*?- Meadow beauty marshes and shores from m« ^?** * states bordering the mSssJJdI cles are toundAitterlng hut S^^^ ^^^'er spe- f^hnim ai*rto.« hoi f ^ sll«btly. as follows: llne^blong Sn;^;' '^!»«-»««»e"raed most commonly taov^ ; noif^^^A ^^^'ch it is to an entirely diffSe^p,? "^.^^^.'jj^ also given slonally sUtJ^^^^^nched' ^^^^^^ °<^««- helghta of from two to eieht f^^? " tematlng leaves are loni 1a„oI k ^^^^^ly al- sembUng those of the wSn^^^'^^'^P®**' »"eatly re- celved Its othir commoT"rie'° a 'J?*''* ^ way, that It In ndviolKi ."*™®. a name, by the It will avoid coSfifon Jf*co;S?^fi *° species « The flower sSkS i! ?; ^'o^fliptlng names. from the boTtoS'^^^rdrLi^.^^^.^^^^ ""'^"^'^^ erons upright, long slend'pr IJ^*" ^^^f®' n«m- Petals of each flower Se ver^'^- P^nk at the outer end, aUerSateJ wuJ™*** ~«nded wpate; It has eigk staSen«in^ ? brownish Pistil. They are appwiSlJ^iSteS ^^^^^^^/ P^^^d slander undeveloped^s °" -n'l* W^ntt^L"*^^^^^^^ our August. during July and (E^R0P^EAN)*"h2\^^e°„„^ hirsutum) common In wLfT^io^ ® naturalized and Is falriv I. IfmX iSJy! h'is toei;'too^2S!i ^r^^Wfn and four-parted, magMUfln*^**"®**' s^emless leaves, angles of th« iwS^Ji.""''®" from ths A. Evening Primrose. Oenothera biennis, B. SUNDROPS. Oenotium frueikota. Wild Flower, Eu,t af ike MMkiee M Ing wide open at duS IJi ™^.!''* ""f the ne»t momig ""^ coarse in te«„re thfi»?? »r.oJ.' « ".^ * '•'^ ■* « ed among the leaves i„Tf hTi seed-pods leat- developef budsTnd e^aVs' above ' TiTf'^fu'''^. slmllar°di?™a, Ip^cTe? w?th';"?^'"'!:> » 1 to a'feenfgh^^'Z.Vi' t^"*"^^®^ stem grows from H to 1 inch ac^ss^thZ measure clusteS or from the an ^i'**-^^^^^^ terminal loaves are nne^r-lanceofate li^^^ '^^^ mon from Me. to ££S^°£S'^^^»««»«<». Com- Iff mid Flowers East of the Boekkt W three, rorad^ umbels ^ZT ^1 «f^^^red Into Three comp,J,BdTav'S^^?°confi8liVf''«J" leaves! It l8 Cd to rich^^SjS^ B. A. Watbb Pabsnip. Stum circutaefolium. WiU) Carrot; Queen Aifiw't Laob. Daucus Carota, Wild Flowers East of the Bockie, i^g PARSLEY FAMILY (iimMtHfm), topped clusters and wkh d««Ji7^^ *° or Aat- WATER PARSNIP (lit^^^^^^^ leaves, branching herb IroiSn? nh-fii*"'**' » «to«t weak stem Is fro^ST to 6 felt K compound leaves are very ^ariSSi« from seven to mteen%Sly.t^fSi%' shaped leaflets PiaV xf^^ u or lance- branches. TtZ^L^T^'^li^^^ the country. » ▼«ry aDimdant throughout EARLY MEADOW PARSNId common roadside weeH aurea) is a Of woods, swamps or mWjowT'lf^^^fi.'^^ ^'^^^ Pearing sterna surprise % with tLi^^^^^ "^^^^ • slsting when we trv to hrLrV? their power of re- dlvlded Into thr^ pLts ^onf«ii?*°« ^« ^^^^^s are flower livers this may ap^^^^^ '^"^ to f"l species of the Sly Ti« "°«t beautl- tested weed with whTch t hi LmerTi J^*"*"^ It is very prolific and P«iSf i^If^ff contend, its roots deep into the^Sinn^*°?*'' J"^^ P^*"^- strikes to defy extermination determined and by some supposed tJ V^'^ '"^'atlve to" our cultivated ca??ots desSe JSj "'^.SS*®* ^l»Jc»» flower clusters have a? exau,«?t« """^ ance. while t&OM Iuil?-Sp|^ei? i^^^^^^ appew^ tively like a bird's nest • ^ hollowed sugges- • Uny purple fl^m^iu'tti'^^iSi^^ A. Flowbrino Dogwood. Cornm* fiotida. Dwarf Cobnkll; BuNCHBSmir. Comiu eanadem$i$. ^er. East of the Bockm Ml shrub or tree, ranSne in ??i ^w*r"" 1« * UU Is In reality ouSSS ♦ k ° ^^^'^^^ ''o™ 7 to 40 tort^ It not aim to lSt%?ruS«<>PJ ?' book, as^ do ;o conspicuous In flower and J'.?"' ^^^^^^^ is following species. Sat it k "^^^^ ^®^ated to the arge handsome flowers ar« 1« 5!S\.*^«»«ded. The ust as the leaves commen^Jfn'"" »>e'ore or y do the large whiS'" flowed inches across, cover hTI. measuring 2 to 4 ance. from KimBdiJ^L^Y^ appear- mantled With snow tlw form^^"^i;S^°«^^^^^^^^ areaot petal.. b«t a^aSd-nTm^ra^^^ ad?nT.?7s^^e^,«,^idw^«J (Cornu. can- ing for it grows'^oSly'^S'ml HZl? ^{^S The stem Is leaflesa 'nches high. point four to SlxTeSves «dla^ which ed. shining yellow-green »nir' are ovate-point- Parallel ribs: They u^.p,?"** five or more deen Closely. togethJXX"^^^^ often'?o theground. - overlap and obscure almos?yifCS^^^^ blossom seated ter of tiny, green-petalled fSL'^ V' a clus- ed by four large greenis&fcK®'* surround- outer divisions fom whS fa^^fS'fi Polnti the flowers. w*****^ termed 4^© layoiSCTe of'fhe''tee?s':t'theXn?S^~ the place ^ons. It rang^'^k^m ffiad' rT^f/^l ' ^V. J.. Ind. and Mtmi. to Alaska soiith to . Spotted Wintergheen. Chimaphila maculata. P1P8I88EWA; Prince's Pine. Chimaphila umbellaia. mid Flomen Etui of th§ Boekkt its HEATH FAMILY (Ericaceae) iisnanl^rii. 1°' °' perfect and hrsaU Sumw'*''*'!' Petals and mVu^ ?«S fiT' ^''J^® "'^^y- stamens. uivideo Into three sub-families the Pvrola rPvmi oB/N-r-.^^ PYROLA SUBFAMILY. ta?^? 7^° WINTERGREEN (Chimaphila mMul.. acioss in our ramblea through rich woodland, it is a The «tlirih'f "° ether is liL it The stalk, that rises from 3 to 9 inches hish Ih nf » ["J.'if j^eler: the leaves are tWck/?m^th?¥iei^ lw«.1•JSl^r^T*^'r*"^'^ witrcinsXouJ Whitish streaks following the veins. In July and August, it bears one to five nodding flowers on lone erect peduncles above the topmost whorf" Saves*' the y3 rosy or cream-colored petals have a frail translucent, waxy appearance Uurt Samt«^ members of this sub-family w«««wr»ea nf'^wJ^""*'*,*'® Imagined from its name, the leaves *L I ^^'Sf ° °° ^*^e plant through the win- ter Because of this fact and their beauty they are n demand for, and make excellent pUmte in f^e^ ward {Vsr.ML^*'^"^*» PIP8I88EWA; PRINCE'S PINE (ChlmaBhIi. u... bellata) grows in similar localiUes and Ts gen?r?l^ more common than the last. It: k aves arfS ^ Inir* Z^?""^^ brownish stem; they are bright shining green, toothed, unspotted, pointed but toThi'^^f/^T*^" The flow^C simliar 1° * 2 to 8-flowered umbel. V^L^^fy^^^J^^l ^^'^^'^ ^^^^ * five-parted gummy Ir^ PJ^^ Stamens have double, purplish^. Wild Flowers East 0/ Jte Roekut It u Z^^ai^; portBg thp greatrr part of the year duriBt Jane an* July the«e bu 1^ ^xpaad mu ^dL flowera ; each hB 9 P e vax -whj -SSt • in^2« parted, green ca !yx liod a lo^S . ? The name 8hi»4tftf appii. were formerly i ^t^d f( *i or bruises. It is co.amtm - J'^ates and b uthern Cw«da ONC.FLOWERED ^HOiIa ternaRy clo8<»!y r- mbies th fi" pistil, ^cause the leaves >toaed to cure, aoroi '^t|»wit the Unitad rwHtv It Ip inter 41ate be CnimaDbUa. T&e ieayep creephij suMerranean sh low-to. tbed nd on slend* flowei Hcape is from 2 ■■•.iP-i braf^. a^ nt J me or j nl, sing' nod*' ^Bltf J> tats tr wl ut; s ail., pr . uniflora) ex- P^^ceding t^pe K*5* magenta, ar^ SSSL? "SS^"* °**e ^ch 3-lobed and the inw o-«PPed. The UDoer iin ^istlnct. linear petair^ ^ hi "^'^y divided iSto tw? flowers East of the Rockies Ul (Rh?do&''J:2c^^^^ <^«EAT LAUREL ornamental Bhruh^ZlnJrtnr^^^^^t'^^^^ very 18^ one of the most chara?t«Hi?i ^ « fheny Mountain regioS whJjf 1^ °' Alle- fuslon as to form J^?®'® " ««»^8 In such nro- Is a very hardy ^S.T^^l''!'^!' 2 Planting, it is very often u?ed ^"^"'^ %ro«£r» It^'h""''" spread In Si^SS* ^ June anS /uVyf a?l showy"SSSe« S^f l^^' flowers. Each blossom °' or white and Is composed of hr^l* Inches They have ten spreadlir „ goldenK)range. The flowers are vlsltid mJi? * "mall pistil, bumblebee. Each flX" iSm°?^^^ ^^^^on crawling insects fromTStl^Thi infiSS i? ^^^^^t som; such Insects uanlji^? I • <>t the blos- bodles not capable Of ?SSterrin^^ nnfi"^***' '«««tothe welfare of Sf^S?^ flowers with m i«>a* fiS'JS?"^;®"*^®^ leaves and purple petals. ' "•'^»Ped corolla of llJS LAPLAND ROSE BAV /d species with small elUpt^ SSJST JnT^ * ^""^ stem, both dotted with fusS^.S^f * Pr«t«»te flowers. It It tead from M v small puni* r«gtoi». " Y. and Me. to tbe ^ If n^ild Flower, £aM ^ tU Bodkk$ attains helgh?8V20 to%?1ef ?t^'^ " «««« lend themselves very readilVtn - JJl are osfed in large quLK «ffe<^ts and used. In fact, that I^um s \eca^^^^ many are the larger cities of New Ene t™*°« ^^^^ near n dense thickets, so d^«^ IS f«.^^*?rl S'o^s times Impossible to for^' w^J^K*' Is some- The leaves are darklSjssv^L*^'*'"^^ "»em- end and oblong i^sW at each nately along the brandS'an^X ilTJ ^'^^''Sed alter- ters. The flowers are veTv^fn S,*®?*® terminal clus- tlon. the corolla belL dLS®"^""*^ tl^elr construe^ with five Short b?ol?,obes. T ^' **»?^^-«»^«P™? the bottom edge of the "bowl » ar?? JJjm the center 'oVthrbt^UfX-amen^^^^ £t?e^Kurp^y^oT!,e;^^^^ Q-t pollen thefLif UVS?ou'X V' soma visited. Is quickly entaSioi'^""'*?'®^'^"^ blos- ma. As they successKelf Sw?","'® "^^^^^ tween the curved stemMa thi "l®**" Proboscis bt from their little pocSSSsSf^"^ ^'^^^^^ l««ened the under side of the visitor wiJf "Pr^^*"' covering f ollen to carry to another bS«.l2? Vj^^^ «"PPly of are sticky so that only wSl^i The flower stems the interior. I^ureUs c^mi!"^ i"^®^'^ can ^ to and southwards common from N. B. to OiA Ea.t of the JiodKw US Inches high and is no kSS LTSSf'^J'**" ^ to 36 ^»^ing. Besides th« 5L2!? than the nre- Is less often taowX^SS;: above. H a rather sinister in? # Poison" ainr. "Wlckv » with .SM^^^^^^^^ Z IZf;^'^:^ ^f^-rous properue.. the claimed that honey made £v^k ^**"°"'- nectar from laurel bl5«L L on ^ species gets Its manv 11^' "/^^^ Poisonous. Thte topastures sultable^^iy foJ i^^^JK 1^ leaves of this small lanL5 , of sheep. very often fatal S Z „?mlfs The small obion»il«r " eating them, the uprlghV; w^Sf ste,S "ith^i"**' ^^^^^ on threes; they are bright SL^^JSST oppositely or m on the under side nff f^^® «n^ very palatable, aolcy flavor »k' lu® have a m Fall, chlldr^nToin to J^**®"."*®^' *PPew bright. Iu8clourcKrteir,L^ Wther the another to see who^l^fc ?"P.«t">K with one est number of beirle? oIS.? 1,^^*?^ large- to a Plant, oJSwioniiy wl'Si ^ even eigHt of tliem taStfL LSSi,"?? leaves. beneath the sheltering '^{^tr^'tlSi^^.ll^^^ top Of the rud- «l«lt plants are dwp shi^ne^S^^'^*^' iuet^beneath the s^rUf^l',^^^^^^^ rep?nJ)"-'^^J?f ^^^8? MAYFLOWER (fca^ lanT?i*aH^|S'/3"° especially iS nV?^ early bloomfnTMa^flowL f^^^^ P'^^^d ravaged so thoroughly thft on « h the City limits each yew- L or J'*"^ '""^er frSa butus is a creeping pwf. Jl*' A™ and branched; they aSLi «^ f'®,™* to"8b. hairy 6 to 15 inched from th^?" tL°« * «rouiHl^ ^at ng are tougS J^^htY^'f'***' at the base, net-veined ancky hlUrttoa. contlne«| qb aiia^. A. Lasbadob Tba. Ledum groenlamdicum. B. Pyxie; Flowering Mom. Pjfxidanthera harbatuU, m&d Fhmtrt East of the Rockies U9 ConT. Pa and mll^- If'?^ i^^aountalns south to stems the ••me m the more crowdS ♦^H.XSi- ^ ®' laurels, becoming The aiSn whl^^T^*^* o' branchi? Si KhM L^hT" clustered at the endJ^f the iliort pSrtS. •tamens surrounding ioJ^i?h"ra^;Jhjs &:?tr:i:^'^;i"'«*-> i? » leathery learw. SmS white flif^ axils of the nm»er >™i '^ow In the « *p 10 Inches from the roota ^ FUmen S4mi of the BoekieM 251 MAR8H ROSEMARY; 8EA LAVENDER /i t^^ appearance of tCXle DlaSt i« JhL^",* inuUve tree Th*. iSoit ^ of a very dim- shaped, thick. aUaort iSolSlJrf .15^ ^ spatulate- these open oSt Into Vv^v«/^?^ September tiny im£^ ^h^LJ^fl lavender flowers with five calyx.^^ » 5-topthed. ribbed Ma';trRSsema"rJ '^^SS"' ""I ^^^'^ ^Ith "ce to the whote inS"^'^* ' """1** •»"»• patches of sc«w«S ttia? w 1"J sheltered by little Lj/ntnachia ierrestru. fi^'^gAVED L0O8ESTRIFS. •nd simple leavis anS^ifi "I*''®*^ flowers Item "»'»'®"w*y. alternately From Jufy^nti?s!SL?ir^oir^i!!'"*^'« **"^rl.). ed by the golden-yeltow w.„^^ brighten- strife, -waying on^lSm °' Loose- ten find this speclesi^ow?^^.^®*'^ We of. 'ollowlBg, but the preSSr o?.*?/?"?*"' ^ the Places and is most abSndlnt ?n L'**"** °' are impeaatniie unlesB ^ swampg that low LooSSSt^ a till " ^ f to 24 inches hl^ * t " ' "^^^^f late, rtemles. and crowded *f® Pointed-Ianceo- Posltely or alternatX Th« 5^ ^Ithtr op. co^. many bu1f^„ SSnd^S^J^dS^^. V''''^ a (foiMi or more at a tkm^ fLI^7^^\ oP«n. spike upward., eacfc puS t^°L?® •«veral week., ich floJJIr Woom for petals, ewh wltT t^^^JrS' P*'?*^* spots near the baae; the S^^^ I^^^""^ ^^^^^ fro« the^SSX'tii? Sf?Jrti&."*» ?^ to occur. The setting of Se 22?''?"** i" «Pt upon small beea tta/ ^it thf^ depends largely This Looseitrife !• iStJdMt H'*!!!; 1. lflto^;*;tS*^^ (Vylmachl. qM.,. the saSe^!5!r Thl S ''"'"^ ^ s mllar b«e e^h petal has a tmP , ^^^^ very ;^lsh brown at Its bie ingt^S?.^*J«\?I^t red- WUd Flowers East of the ,55 ec-^h?o7M•2dST1s''L r f "'^^AN COWSLIP (Do^ open woodlands ind on nr-S" groiTlJ ManUo.a and ^^Sj^^ like stems. Prom ^S" ce^tSr^"?? taper Into trough! rises a bare flo^rstelk s^n o^^** leaves ing at the «,mm!t imo 8evl?«f - ""^S®* duncles. each suporting % gInS SZ^^^' i'""^*"* ^ The flowers have five iS?* "*^ even white petS each ihl^^^ magenta, pink or purplish spotHSr !h^ bases '' V^^?*^'^ from the throat of the flower VhJ^® project forming a conspIcuoSJ oSTe wSfm^'^^f?'^^" «°*hers der pistil. The pistil S^pT hi? "^Hi^ ^« that crosi-fertlllzation Ts iecSaSj^'.ni*'? by bees, that. In endeavoH«i^!f^ 1"** performed of nectar at the b^?tom o/SS a "tore tongue betwera the Mthi?® "'"^^ 'o'ce tbS the stigma. lSoot?n| starMSiS^r 1" *^«"**<'t MONEYWORT; MYRTLB /T"? *® ^P'^J and May. ia) (EUROPEAN) to « leJE ^^Jf'T***"* Nummular trailing or creeplng vlte often Sir*^^."** beautiful surfaces of ground Uta tl^d ?J?if.?°* escape from cultlvatloo. ft T 1 mn-.^'K*'*'""*^ an for rockeries and doeTwSl In fS"*? PlMt pots, the long slendir beautffiHv drooping over the edge ot ih^^/l^'i''^^ branches f-oratlve effect Wh«5 i« k?® ^^^8 a very de- 'y enhancSTby ttS ?ai2p ^^'^"^y ^ The leaves, that S^ow oSSjsTfiv'l^^ ^0%^. are almost round- it jL f?S2f *^l? "^i the stem, that they are alSut thL^S? *f!l' "^^^P® the ^i^d Florvers East of the Rockie, «57 FRINGED LOOSESTRieiT Fringed Loosestrife Is a l^fv h?**'''?!'*"'* clliatum) all like the other varle«e/ Vh'?"'^*'i!!fv^^''»> at to heights of from 12 to 24 ^® f™*^** ^^em rises receives Its specl^c name .'^^^ «P«cles cause of the fine hairs nn fh -"*^®**' ^c»"atum,) be- stems. the rest of the Xnl L"^^^' «»« Ie2 The smooth llRht Vritn smooth, and pointed, on shSt nSJ**''!^ ianqe-shaped Itely an the Plant stem tL°V*^"' ^^^^ opw ;ler pedicels from the wlis of thlT ^F"^ °° the golden-yellow corclU la dlvin!^*??^"*^ ^«aves; lobes, each termliiatlne in « ovate ronate point; around thi centl*?; l^^^ "^"c reddish brown ring formL ^^^^ <»»'o"a Is a es of the five lobe!' TheLZ the ba^ ter Is surrounded bv tPn ^c* P^^til In the cen^ and the other alternating on^"'' f^** '^-^l" The sight of any famnL abortive, pur minds some partS? iJhJ* r"*"^ to t. usually the piSce In which k''**""***^^ found It most abundantly rL ^ti*''® Previously ways brings before me a c*»rfoS? P^^rit species al- c";^^;tis.r^*'^?« byTe?sonTnot irteMr.fV^ srfe ett"o^;VtVd ;5r^ '^^^^^^^^^^^^ never seen the present TmL?" O'^^^fho'oglst. i have XJ^re as InTh'nwIC ^"""'"^ ^ abundaatl^ thickets fr^^'ewJoundlan'S"'?" ^ ^'^""d and southwards to thrOu?? of iJ. *fco ^^^^-^wj ies wl?h" n?r';^*neiU an'5"sm«^Si -'^^^^^^ ^P- measuring about onthaK S"®' ^he latter from Me. to Minn goulSw«r^"?^*- u ^* ^o^nd itats as the j^mce^^ "outhwards in th« same hab- 17 STAR ^ because of its color thL r^J^f Anemone " the Whorl of S^Ji Mr*hi*^" ? Aower^. found blooming v^e^°s^elf to SS^Sf* " The perennial rootstaiir i- i -Anemones, throws up a slnile .nfJifi.*' }°"« horizontal and inches hSh; at he Sri' «^ fwm 3 to J they are lance-shap^d and khftif "*^! leaves; May and Jun© « soUtar? hi!5 "^^^ Pointed. Durlni pears above th^ XnZ^i'^'J'^r two,) a' pedicel. The dellcaf*. J^f* ®* °° * ^e»7 slender pointed and rLge from .^^^^^ are "lW?y wide-spread staiyj^S" tinv®^*^^ numbwTSJ SfiSr!.^^*^' than the i,It%"S^«^den anthers 'that effected by the visits of sm«i1iSf'*K*^®'^"«»«<>n 1« tractive little floww for ^nif®* J?*' «»e a" 8 found in thin w^dlaSd^^m' t T£i.®^ toba M iK,uth to Va.. T'ainin^*^ ^ ly Identified; In the first Dlflc« *i? ^ * r^ad- i^ed flowers to be founw ® very few "f red of this one a s^i2? T^'^ ^^^^ thSThadl square stem is sm'ooth ^ coppery-fed. Tbe often lyln« • *^ender and n2a^^^ ^els termlnatmrSe SeS or i?®"" «'«°der pedi- outer leaves. Thev arT 51 ^ of the each division belinnely%^';t£;'*!*^ ''^•^^^^ are very sensitive opening nni*^ ^* They closing quickly when the sun *° ««nahlne and 'y at four o'clock anywaJ ^"^f ,l%o»>8cured. and uguai Placet •«HHS»«lly iSiXctSLi ""^^ " »W Flower. Bau of ti, ^ •»« witli regular. oerfeM fi,..^*?' *1U| lUpulM 'ormlng a connwUM flak '"' •"e-Partad lloww? Souttem States wbl!l u " ""^ commoii in lB» the trank, ties tiiiilJ '•■»n a short, one-sided snlke • , flowers grow Hiches In length Thl^T- 1°. about one or t J<« wtlh "the?" if^^^ ^eVU"*! • wSt and hairy above. atrto SfrtSi^ MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (Af4SI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) J /1PPLIED IM/1GE he sr. 1653 East Main Stract Rochester, New York H609 USA S (716) 4*2 - 0300 - PhOM :S (716) 288-S9S9 -Fox wad Flowert Bait of the Rockies 268 QENTIAN FAMILY (Gentlanaccae). i*"?*^ beautifully flowered herbs having Thfv o,^^^"^ and simple, opposite and sessile leavea They also agree In having regular, perfect fiowm w '!,?^5J*1'^^ (Sabatla angularit) Is the most wide- Z *h ^'f^S?*^ Sabbatlas. Whereas the reS «fl ® ^r^^lf""® confined in a range very close to iS seacoast. this species is conwQonly found In rleh fnT/A5 "1! t»te. fwm, the Mlsslsslpp? RivcS to the AUantlc. It is found most abundantly In mei^ dows or along ditches, but also grows in comparaS?^ ^d Au^t "^"^ during July cf«.^?*f * handsome plant when in bloom: the stem s square and grooved, brandies eonslde^bly wv J*! S J to 3 feet high. The ovate iSc^Ste T?I®f and seated oppositely on the stem Jh JT^^^^ '^^^d® ends! eJS «irni« " ]*f^i?°« a beautiful flower about an Sch across At the e«it«- of the five-parted, pink corolla * t^at Is Quite charaS terlstic with members of this famUy. The cal^ to composed of five very narrow s^b ^ have very bitter properties that are of ff^«T^*?^*l*^' .Jecause oi the diligence with which It is hunted for the sake of these roots It la v^lriv growing less abundant. * " " ^^^'^^ SEA PINK (Sabatia stellaris) is a beautiful slen- Pin^flowers grow singly at the ends "t « Single blossoJ"*'' j«A meaanre from two to two and one-half inches across; the nine to twelve petals S« S de£ cate rose color and each has, at Its base a yellow- foTL7dPr°'%'f * «»re;-poIn?edTchVe oJ crim: whLi iJ^ a regular, symmetric^ TnTti"'^® apearance, the petals making the spokM and the yellow center forming the htS The clfvT t« Perar^Thi *° same\uMs''the thl ii'.^T^® stamens are quite widely separated from tS bf «^tlT' nf »eJ«ertIlIzatten ts harSly have hMtTaf i^^*'"^"? beautiful flowers whjph **' admirers, most beneficial of which are some of the bee-Iike fll«» that »e mni^. ly to be found about them " SLENDER MAR8H PINK (8. gracilis) Is verv sim SS.Jli^ w h"C'p,Jie,«ow^^^^^ the narrow Th*. ii^^.. averaging a trtfle more petals with w^tT^r^^^w"^ ^""y ^« as the i!f , ^OKJh they alternate. This tDecleB in VA^r^^FiS^ coast from Conn, to Fla ^ LANCE-LEAVED ;8ABBATIA (8. lanceolata) is a narrow-leaved variety found ,n Ue ba?ren:\rorn' K-.- J flowers terminating the slender branches are white, star-like and ab^ut one ?u|; W^iW Flomen Etui of tht Bookiet «fi7 FRINGED GENTIAN (Gentlana crIniU), lecauM comparative .!ty, ia S?,r«iv I?? of our wild uowew. surely it needs no Introduction to our readers tor liM not Bryant immortalized it in his verse: "Thon waltest late, and com'st alone When woods are bare and birds have flown. And frosts and shortening days portend Tli« aged y«ar is near his end." "Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye Look through its frtnges to the sky. Blue— bli»-«s If that sky let fall A flower from its cerulean wall.** Gentian is rather a fickle plant; we ri?L?°r " ? 5 certain locality one year and then search in vain for It for the.next few years. It is ' H?t*®*^ »®ed is properly set and conditions favorable, we wlU.fall to find it next vear even though it be abundant in certain places this. The stem is stout, stiff and branching, each branch bc:ng erect and terminating Jii ft bad. The yellow- The calyx is angular, liss. four sharp points and is a bronse-green in color. During September and uctooer we may flnd these blossoms fully expanded, delicate, vase-shaped creations with four spreading deeply-fringed lobes bearing n? resemblence in shape or form to any other Amertcan species. The color is a ylolet-blue, the color that Is most attractive to bumblebees, and It Is to these Insects that the flow- er is indebted for the setting of its seed. The anth- fIf#J"SSf®*f®'°'® *s developed so that self-fertilization is Impossible. The flowers are wide open only during sunshine, furling in their pecnliar twisted mannor on cloudy days and at night, ta mast woods from Me. to Minn, and southwards WUd FUmm Eoii of iho JBodNw DOWNY GENTIAN (Gentian, mibwiila) im • h.n^ violet bln« tS. .tL. ; brilliant ^^^^^^ upon, the blossom measures from 9 oVo long, Which 1. .hoBt tt« teSU o?lLJJr ii?Jftj!! "•oppositely set on the stem '^"^ aThoJSf^e'L^Sf we''mLy^\?1Sr?j;S'.!f "^"^ WUd FkHMn MuH of the Rockies 271 Fringed Oentlwi the beautv th.^^SS? °' perennial aid'rcfplanf^five^^ f age In the atruMU fnt.^»i»* ttnwndous advant- roota laS bt? a ?^J°r„S*l?®'**'!l those whose the Closed Gentiin lrff/*'®" il*®' "^^^^ ^o^*" of those of the F?lni2d I?«?n " because th| five parte of th^ l^^ «" ^" remarkable the flower remIn?^os?d ThTSnl °®^*' "^'^"^ fertHteed by the commirbu„bTe]^"°Hl^^^^^ Is a supply of nectar thl t^Ji^' V® ^ows there and he has the wlta Lh fJ^ ^^l*? blossom ly, but iSely? he Is ab e t * ^^^^ Slow- apart until his bodv I3 Si!f f^^^^ ^H^^ and he Is able t^raaS thi "bottle", flower he l^cwiatote «Pr««""2"- ^« '^^^es th^ on his head' a'^ahnS'st' ?o* iS^JJS. t'S"*" ThT«?i!:^'"«^ next flowi; " °° to 2 felt SA' 'tS?S ■'"'P^®' " Irow7 from 1 iJifatiflnd farrowed lX?e?J'^^^^^ The flowers ^w In t^iVIi "^^1 <^^^^Pirig stems. axils of the last nSJ^ i clusters, set In the Th^^s. LJr pairs of leaves 'i'h<»v ar^ ^^^CT brli»t bine at the outer atiHo V^li \. 7 white at the bases Vhl * ^ nearly have not mat ied or hadT^^^^ their bases are llehter P^ctar drained from The dIstinctS? befwlL"*tWl? T^^Sl,32??; ^Zt^^ro'^itJZ I'iS^^ t€W ^^^^^ drained. Clwed gfntlan^f«*in** been ion. broolu.. Mr^^^^M^ JJ^MT A. Indian Hemp. Apocynum eannabinum. B. Sfbiadiho Dogbane. Apoeifmmm m^bwmufoUum, Wm Fhmen Ea$t of the Rockies M7S ^s^oXS^f ^^^^^^^^^ very ghoA slJ^^^^Si*** '^•J,^"^ lu-terless. hlvj e<» at the bottom Sf ? "e^ret- nl8he« food Jor q^iiStteB o?^n.!?f ^'"P' great many crawll?nneVL?iiJ2 i *»2"^*n« » plant. The name of todLBTH-^r^ ? to the cause Indians fo^Sr^JS ?f ^" ^^^^^^ ^ a substitute or heS?l>7 tS^^b^k. "SJ^^J* this species very abundant to i ust. re Bowen friiu June to Aug- 8PREA0INQ OOQBANB ia^^ folium) Is a much irc«e attif.'S2"!II!L*"**~"«'«'- relative. Just menttoh high, aud hM mwy ionir iJI^Z" ^2"^ ^ * 'eet short-stemmed. ToUy^ovitl^tai.^'^^ '^^ leaves grow oiposltely to Sir^T?*®*; .J**^« the leaves are aJl MS«£«Jt«,®"f ' branches, that is. each su "ee5???SS doe^« IV^* angles to the pair b5or« X °ot appear at right The clusters of flowers teriLSIi** !?f "^^^ cSe. composed of ptot ^M^S?^*^ branches are pointed, reciii^ lobes^ th??^«?°^^?°^«' having five, pink and are fSsrant it II I^L"®^ deeper dependent u^n^tSrtli^JoJ'^ty*^,'^^ ^^'^ ^"•K^ly seeds. ComiS S hSdSi n/fl25 Quickening of its in our nuiSlr^ wwdera of fields or thicketa with- 18 wad Flowen Eatt of the Rockies 275 MILKWEED FAMILY (A«,|.piadaccae). wIa tirf, "■>"!<•« method of forcing lii^ to several such Inserts hMgtog from tte te-^^X". »' with their legs l.opelesi?r^tang" they cross waste oV d^ fields *^ 1 .o^%l'rhlgl''rirr£r'' " »""""e«ct. from The leaves are polnted-oblong very^^iSJiS!^ seated onnosltelv Th«. i.....ri. ■ ' "OtTOlBmed or In liat-tonVed ctart^ „, nin" """ers grow the Plant' n Is" f^n^fromTaM'to^MlnS '"^""'.S' roots are ci86d medidBaay. «~»MtwB m tfOd nmer, Ea.t of the Rockies 877 weeds. It grows evervwif^, , Mllk- r ses from 2 to 5 feet hleh «n7 w site, large, oblong/ short ftemml^Sn"'*"*!;""^^ *»PP»- green color. Both nte U^^^^^J^'^^^ * hairy and both yl"5 oSInmi;? ^ely bitter, milky fluid if thev frl if^ * »"«ky. where. It Ls been ftS^f anj! of the stem Is ert??me^ ?«Hn*I coveriii dawJlke feet of Ks fSLf*!?/"'' the tto^ the stalk win cut through *° "P to cause the f^t of 8«rh sufficiently With the mlll^Tflu^^ ?h?s nS Z would-be Pilferers of thl i«»f* discourages the WoSSHS^^^^^ a^Tbl/tteTSl-^-BS^ vr£»?^^^ H Is^Known .s't^lZ^Z'^, S2Z» are completely filliy^h Sfi'"*'?,^^*' seed-pods that stance attached to thrnunJ^?n,!«^KfV' ly the pod burste uSes '^J'' floating away on th« HiSmJ^ I? ® ^®®^s, each several miles Sefore c^g tT^!^^^ ^7^^^^^ on for the spreading of oSf-lli ^^- .J***^ ly distributed, ui^ng raS® tlSS?*. *° » ^'de- crease. • *■ ever on the in- A. POKS MiLKWKBD. Atclepiat nyriaca. ' B. Narrow-leaved Milkwbbd. Asclepias verticillata. Wild Flower, EaH of the Rockies 279 POKE MILK-WEED (An^u^ u a tall species growing from 9?' c*, Is flowers comp^innts du^tLi f The than those Of the^commoSlTllM and of a clear, ivory-whffo n«i m, * larger are long and sWndJ? To thartJ^' . ^ ^?^"^- a nodding position it beinTthl f""""® Is in in which an the flowei ° ? """^ are large and thin 7nTw!r t^^"„1^^ seed-pod is large and has a ki^o, ' ®" ' The than that of the Commnn i5nu^®^: pointed tip is found, ustmi?; ir^r^sStl^'^ ^ i'^^'^" of woods or aloig roadalrfio f "^'^i^'^"* edges •southwards. It fllwe?s fmm t Minn, WHORLED mV^KWEED^A."'!^ a verv slender species com mn;^ ***?* ^•rticillata) is prairies in the sST'toSnd °or J and on katchewan. The stem is Lr L? ^^^^ Sas- from 1 to 3 feet hi^h ^^®^« does, however, appear as fn -S!.- ° country. It established In Nj^rScSll New ??n*f^ f '^^'^^ ^^11 and southwards. TO© stAm u ^'^e^ York t rise about a foof he,?hl ^^ak. leaves are rough and hairy Th °L^ «»« one-sided curving termni' ol^i^^S^^fi^^ »>orne In rounded petals fi fs^y blie wit^^^ undeveloped buds are pink Th5 * ^®2**^ «>• ed like mouse ears. The TfJS. «»»ap. curved tendency of the flowel L^fJ"^ buds It being curved after the^hi?"**!"*^* Plon's tall. There are sevetif -n o' « ^cor- the present one havteS thi lo ^.^^'^^^ Myosotls, fui flowers. ^ lurgeat and most beautl- comioS.^ugh-stemme^^^^ vlrglnlanum) Is a uous woods from MTto M?iS^ decld- ubular corolla is pale wJlMtl?!??*^''^'^^- ^he •airy calyx. The basal lea via * Ave-pArted the stem ones clasp the flower sSli^SfK*"^ heart-shaped bases The f^itr l^}^ Vf^ somewhat era. is composed nf fmlf , J ^ succeeding the flow- «iiwwa Of four very bristly nuUets Fhmer, Bo., of ike Rockie, U7 abundant in dry fleid. „n i Plant is locally •t is a waif thit hM StravecrSrlo-^'^r* ^"t^ must confesH. it Is one th«T AT** ***f I "-'ertlll«itIon. one Of the comm?nett iid J^^^^ ^'"•••'•) members of the iSLt "^a,''*^^^^ distributed fields and on thft^nrnl^: ^' ^^^^^ roadsldeg, in thronghoStThe'^cU°tJy'Vw^^^^^^ ^.m^^*^ flower. The stem grow. fiJ« tc°? 1^*^ familiar is topped with a cyto5ric^??otir J.^ ^S*^^^^ many, two-Ilpped tubular n.^^^^^^ composed of these bloom at a tlmfl rnmmoPl® ^"t 'ew of the floweiSg slaSi fJtT/»" and ber. The to Septem- oppositely on lon/7tems appear from their Ixlls L« ^^^^ets heads from the aSS of^i^TS!!™^^ quented most oftSn by |^VtS2"f??f!u.'* £L ^ as tbe "bee flower." ^ *■ han^J^mwt^^ SelkSSJr*!!;"'*?*"-) of the flow«, to the l«)8e Simffi the tubular. two4in>4 about one "ch i^lSh t?P*^!' measuriij toothed. The ttov white tahS! 'I""* eoMiely Cluster, in the ail, o 'S.^ui^^TS.'S? V Gbound Ivy; GiLL-ovER-TH«-G«iwif0. Nepeta hederacea. B. Catnip. frad Flower, E•<»■ In blossom from M» to t^w .wS.""^'' ''5' '» fo"""! half ,f our country tHroughout the eaatem throii«i»«t o«> rM»J* ^^^'^^P ffOd Flower, BuH of m BoO^ £95 2 to 4 feet Wgh: It hS*^ vS^*^^ mint growing from leaves being large at th! fj^'^ decorative effect, the dlmlnlshlng^ftfey'Vppr^^^^^^^ ^iidly are quite long-stemmed o«h -m ^^^'^^ ones The flowers g?ow S roTn/rhSl^*^'"**^^^ stem at the idbof the"?e1tves .mwading the haTe't,nTtwoTpp'er;,^trK^^ ^^-ters and minute stamens Both thi ^"''P*^ have a woolly teTtSVe an? IS- " veined. MotLrwort is itrongly old country dweUtol. .S^ commonly found about in bloom iir^trX^^^^rTlt^'' ^l^^^ " leafy species than most nf 5?f /V* * leaves are closely Sowd^ SUhf'' "«"ona fro^ thTs?^.***^*»' «^tend in mon .iSclT^s ol'Tourfr:.^r:7r' * a simple stem from 1 to 2TP**?T\"*°**- petloled lance^haiS leases If^ *°°^ed. lac-white flowers aro niSIff ' j^^® ^Wte or li- the axils ofThYUosUe"?il7c2 "Bo?h^^^• «^ ^'aVcTd?r~i!?^^ ~ thrrgt»sr3t^^^ -Xl stem and purple, tubular tw^H„^«* downy-brlstly minal spike and' from Se axTll^h.^''^''^ » lower Hp streaked Sid snSttlS "^^^^ ^^^^^s; ''p"£a.fS?l,5JT^r^r^^^^ an^d^'J^tSwIfrdr*'* pairs of leaflets from thTSS. ^t^^L^^^-^ ^Ith flower, in umA\ terminal sSlki. ^ wad Flowers East of the Rockies 297 08WeQ0 TEA; BEE BALM (Monarda didyma) is thottom ber. these flowers open a fe^°°i "»«1 Septem- day. The light yellow coVJu'if."?^ ^^^t but a caved lobes uid ive mut^!^!!.^ uneven, con- stamens are fS^^iSdXef wfth'°'' '""'^^ °' «i oUitrs are smooth anthera. birds bta^s^^KrS^^*- "^^^'^ ^"h King. J-out perches, xt'il ^eS»S"SSSli»roJ PEANT^hara^ilT veiy^?*?"" (EURO- Of Which isVliS Se'"?.2e flol^ ' three at a time; they are Lire tf^JI** *wo or prominent stamens and orane« -"^S ""^""y leaves are lance^hawd th« i« ^he upper margins deeply cut tS^toeJ «n^''^' ^""^ have the ^ from Me.'to okJSolSid'^SLttwiSJ: " " ''''' BLUE 7^ ^""^ *^ ^ a very slelde^^and^d^fntV «n!lni Tbk is common lntrod2?V"S,tte?ln^^^^^ ^^^^ tains heights of from 5 to 3a ?n:?**'v ^® er and weak that It Is oft^J. *^ slend- roundlng Plants TL sma^ifn^r^^^ along the stem and contlnui in o */i ^f*7t^ alternate the ends of the branches wh«^ a diminishing size to the loose raceme of floweTs ^^^^ ^""^ tracts for the coroJfi",r?^X'^^^^^^^^ eolor; lobes and the owi^'S^e' three"''?^' shaped and extends backwards' «nt!. ^^"^^ ^« Po»^c»»- spur. Blue Toadflav uT^^ , * very slender Canada. ^uiiea states and soathem f'^^^'f:^mo1ii^ (Llnan. v«,. land that It has extemS^TS?!^®! ^*»dly to our to the Pacific and southed »nRe from the Atlantic Mexico. It Is a verv ^^"ada to the Gulf of in many ways The stPm f If Interestl^ inches hIgh.'^VnUoTaite?n^» « ^^^f ish green, covered ^?h ^wMHih^ i?*""^* ^-ay- Plants grow often InTense c^Jni- ^ «»« landscape Is that of a wa^lS ?® <»» gold and orange Jewels ^ ^^^^^ •^^^•^ ^ thJt^^^Jn^^'b^eW^oh^^^ ^ corona, three. ^ center ole of ^hfch^J? oie sac-like spur and has a i^oJS^fi^"**^ *°*o a large palate that cto^ thfthr^TS^thS h, rangement Is designed fS ffc^SS^™- This ar- welght on the lowef ?ln IZn^f,. «»waWebee, whose get at the nectar whlta i?^ « so he can ing ants. We Sd liuerJnd S^^^ P"^«'- Jnly to October In wwte u«h *° ^"rtng 80 A. TUHTLE-HKAD. Ckdone glabra. B. Beard-tonoctbd. Penietiwm kirnOm, ff'Ud Fhmen £a.t of the Rockies S07 Many p^an?s^d^^rKel^''„^•'""• resemblance of theit flowers ?n^^ '»°«ied objects Often these fSS^B ar^ known no one but the authors a?e^ie In that for the same, in this InsLJclf *h *^'«^o^er the reason blossom really does riv??^fl?® F^^^e view of the a turtle; its generic n?mp "J^^^f^^^ the h^ of Greek, meani^ a ?ortSls? ' OtL '^the often to this species «r!* "2*^!.^ ^*™es applied leas and "Shell Flowor?^ it ^ o mSSJ^-^^f^' ' ''Cod h^d" h Jr^H^ found in wnLlZn^ S!"^ feet'far?,*! le^v"e*s ^^^^r.^^^^*' ^ to 3 shaped, stemmed noirSS o°5^?^"^»y and are lanc^ stem; the corolla is tubuIaV abSL^® l^'T'^^ the rad Is white, tinged with nin v 5S. * *° ^^^^ In length arched, creased !nS Totched^nTS^ "^^^^ brold. ip Is three lobed lid wooSy bS^nS**^^^ ^o^er he corollas are set to flve^^^ffl*^^ the throat; turn, are subtended by leafv h,*'*!^*'^^ ^Wch. In • blooms from July StIl SentPrnK Turtlehead ^-"oblr^^^^^^ ^rom (Pentesnon HI. from 1 to 3 feet high Th? JI?"'' "»at grows lance-shaped. rou^Wed or t?®^* upper ones seated ^^^slte^v S"?f*^^ toothed^e lower ones with short MtloiL *®»n?® ^^^^n and the white flowers are In «»£fii2®*- small maseniS! shaped corolla* hVs\^?i"bt/^^"?^^^ The^J^ three on the lower, toe thtl > "PP®*" "P and hairy palate on the k«nL J, nearly closed by a southwards. to Wisconsin LS WONKEY FLOWER appropriate name fo? tMo""!'"* '•'"fl^n*) Is a very Viewed from in front S« booking flower corolla are suoh t ho* ' P^a'ts and twlsfc ♦k <'"><*■ The pafe pill^If j^X^^y open ooe or twafl the upper divided into twriT ''•™ «»» large Upg into three, all broad apd waw V"* S« be allowed to 4 Jjl*^ "seless Jon 'i.er^-; te£f-»bth%' SSS flower asks.—thaf h ^"^'out paying the dHpI ;e a' other One would little susne^t «u«h '"«*~«n<^e from them. Pilfering. This sS ,aXS:;""LPi*°*« coasts of the Atla^dc the Pr^^f^r ^^^^^ «»e -i^ October. ?/^?»a) is found VroutfSttX'^i^^ ten- United States toe Mstem kalf of the caf has'^I^sn^tSth' brL''^^^^^^^ .n,l takes their n^^.ITi'"'"" ">"'" of Other stem grows fttiSi a tuft ni^' hairy per ones especially havn til j and. the un- near and surroundlnrthi f.-?°^' three-lobed; tto£ •«arlet. as though tofy ?a/K'''^^''!.,*»*^e their ^ red paiBt. The flowe/s'^^^ronal'''?'*^ *° * P° "o? " t^^ l^^^^ cyllndrJ«l^afyi .h "'°'^, <^o«cealed '8 usually a brilliant scarlPt ' ot which greenish yellow with « nil ^°''°"« «rreRular lobed loweronl; They\rj7et"K « S'rel: Painted Cup. ap*^nt1y''le'S,i; ^'"'^^^"on of the soil and the iteht i nature of mens are markid ?f4^f K^f ^.^^e most sped- someUmes find it ^th ^^n ^^*«^*est of scarlet we fSSi Mass. to Manitoba «irso„thr ^^ound species, C, pallida la f«.!l.j 7 southwards, a daIpi. on hill or m«ta?i sides f?om ^^^ItL'-^^'^^ rttuaStons S^f'f • "^'^ 't'm SSJi**'^" Stages wittout lobes and the Spi?IS wool^. «*'»«r mn of Hie stem qnlt« Wood Betony; LousnroKT. Pedicularu cumuUntit, WOOD BETONV ,.^,2 ' colorof JL^*"* Beeteteak Plan? wS' " ^ leaves a?/ ./"^ <" «■« AowSfa ^SS*^ «»• M«y to the tatter jSJt S™^."* '™»' 2SS°2 A. Beech Drops. Epifagu* virginiana. B. Bkoom-rape. Orofmneht •ni/lora. mid Flower, EuH of tko Uad^ destitute o?i?een1o fige Sd^i« ^'S*'*' BEECH drops" rAiu^2«P^?i"*^*"y colorless. clusively in beech woods I* ni!*'^^ ex- readlly be taken fw a imio H ^^""^ " ml«ht above the grSiid* "^e 8t^n«°V''*f Projecting . erect and has several iecf hr«««fc* brownish, the lower part of the S ?If "^'J®" •* *oP. Along that repwiart tte bSrt thS S^L* '^"^ ^^^^■"'^e bract! leaves. the plan can do in the way of en3?tfthrbr\t^e?at'a'^^^^^^ the flowers; these ar^ stein ed a^^Si; °' ^^bular they are perfect In all thetr ntrf« Ji."*«^®°*»- While fertile. Just below tie tubffr iliiSSi''* """"y ber Of tiny ones resembUng budi^" "'^ * togamous flowers that nev«? »^ ^""^ ^ ^ external a^cy ' fertilized tretr^d gXlfits^^^^^ *° t»»««e of beech from August to bit JSfSS^'^'Sf^ " "oo"" and southwards B. to Minn. (0°ro'lt„?h;i^,So^^j^f3^^^^ BROOM-RAPE With a subteSSSSn sca?y^st^'"7Jl"^« P«r«^ branches underground each brli^ sometimes to four very slender stelksfrn,!^?* "^Pl*"^ one and bearing at the top a slnSHin-^ * ^'^^^^^ Wfh TheM terminal flowers irf * *Jo?«om each. rounded lobes. Thei7 color van- ^ *^ '"^^ I'le to a cream color and '^o™ » Pale pur- quarters of mi^hin^t^S^ »bo"t th?ee. tjllwd by «bS flies. attSS- J.t^rh^;*"**y they emit. It is found in moist w-JSf fragrance United States and Momm ^^SSS^ throughout the Wild Flowert Etut of ike Boekh» s«l BIGNONIA FAMILY (Bignoniacea* ) A small family of woody plant? CfnTtwo-parted thriaTgest. ' ^ CREEPER (Tecoma radicans) is an ex- S^SS^STcJ'"!7r**^ bavin? rsoutiern dis- WWltlon, In fftct all the members of this family are rather tropical in their habits ^ m.t^hlSS.'* ? Ws plate of the Ruby-throated Hum- this^vinf S?""**,*?*" » of flowers of this vine. His choice was well made for it is on« of the favorites with these tiny birds I have Tent hours in Virginia. In watching these beautiful crea t»>-es hovering, with whirring wings at the door S each blossom in turn. In order to re^ch the S^Jtar well fn£f *h« fl'*^^ ^« ^ to fSrJe hfmseiJ shouidew ^""^ «> that it eoaeeiu. hi. .SI The stem of this species grows from 20 to 40 feet ong and is either prostrate or climbing Sometimes I 8ro«nd, climbing over the bushes that may be In its path, and again it may take an nt^ 7Zn frees" lf,tV^H.**^f 'T^* and bran'ch%" grow In terminal clusters of two to nine bloaaoms obes Vi^r fl^e rounded oDes. roar aather-bearing stamens and a pistil are in the upper part of the tube The leaves Vrow Positely on the stem and are eJh com^^sed^f 7 to i\ni''aLMraJ^^- ^««thls%.e'f?L'^: tl A. CoMMow Plantain. Plantago major, B. English Plantain. Plantago lanceolaia. WUd Flowers East of the Rockiet Si8 PLANTAIN FAMILY (Plantoflinaceae) A small family of despised wtiS irtth tooth- i'cS^%?kf ^'^'^ .t the root «id tiny alSSS. of fJl^iiSrj^'"^^'^^"^ (Planugo lanceolat.) to oBa of tbe most common flowering weeds about toomS that It has been given a place In this Tolume certSn y not because of Its beauty for it is IneTo^^^i d^Ko^l^dtat?^- l>ronVV^M^ ^ tese'"*^ .ree. in color h J ^^7%^ and smooth and attains stuSSS w4'«»^ The head is"hoSlS; siudded with tiny, four-parted, dull white flowers COMMON PLANTAIN (Plantage majar) is like the ine leares are larger, more spreading and not as erect; they are broad-oblong and on toMtroiwhS stems that radiate from the root troughed ti J^! fT®/ w *o '^o"* the same height as the last, but the flower head Is very long The M^J white flowers open in circles about thS. head siow"y making their way toward, the top in their succSn of bloom. Which lasts fr<»n jroM Snttl S^SS^ A. BiLum; IirirocBires. Houstonia caerulea. Partridge Vine; Twinbsbrt. Mitchella repent. WUd Flowers East of the Rookie, $25 w.^oaSS'^ or ^^^<^or^te ont lm^ vrS^^ Plants that They frequently |r?™Tn lf,l T "^P**" J"Jy- ed with snow of a bfuTsh L S£?"t*f cover- stems are very gienSer JbSut'a J/i'*^^'^*^ The have a few pairs of tiny l«?ves- u J "^^^ in tufts from the base TT«««1f« ^"i®*" aPPear a single fourwted Wossom S^hf f** b»t is slender and the iXs Xr * l,^ The perianth about one half Inch in width ^' ^^o^Ua is Of the lobes Se blue or ifni^r'''!,"®' ^ «nat ex- little four-parted t3li^npi S/°°*- ^wo beautiful branch ThTv^Ao^!!^ l^^l flowers terminate each and SmooS^onThVouteide^'^Th ''T''' ^^'^ p'^W^^ similar to that of the wiS^ ill^^ ^"^7^ * fragrance ry replaces the flowers if SI pin- ^ 1°,"^^^' '"^^ ber- Plants are collected extens^veT^ t^/' /^'^l as their leaves are ever«S« f* ferneries, throughout our range " common in woods . Fly Honeysuckle. Lonieera canadentif. B. Twin-flower. Linnaea bormMt. Wild Flowers Eatt of ik§ Rockin St7 HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY (eMrifoU.cM.I A family composed of BhrniL IhSST v®*?*'* opposite leaves 'Si^^^^^^^^^Jf,'^'' ^»th a f unnel-form •^•w. wmij regiiiar flowers of attaining ieteht. of 2 S!' light greeinKmiStat^lS^^l 'e«™" "e tWn. tag but not united, tX^tL puS!ei''S JKILS."*; flowers. This sWiab t. I**'* of Manitoba IJi'45S'U P^TdTioi""" *^ •» at their bases and the berril one with two "eveii •• tmTT . • «ta«le wood, ta tt? ..S,e ranje " " «» onITS;°2:^': iete Si-r"""" flowers ThmTmtlL t^^t V^ beautiful of our wild ?to 2?Tn Ltfong: S^vS''*'^^^^^^^^ der. leafy flower stalks rise hearl?l lI"JS ^^^^ Blen- pendulous. bell-shaped whlt4 tr J^^JV^^ corolla, whip' h.uin^l fragrant blossoms; the lie eVerS-een Tefves ar«^ ih'iijT^" ^^^^ round and^^cTlloXthe? It wli'^T'^. ^^^T^* with Linnaeus and Is n?med nT^!! Si'*""®?*® highly prised byall who Jltf^f f ® " tos^It^reQuen^s*^t"SLmflV^^^^ ff'Ud^imMn SmH of ^ Bockkt M9 ..mili'^''^ TRUMPtT HONIV9UCKLI (LonlMr. JtnlV^^trll^ Jll''^^ ornamental, climbing, woody vine groirln« from 8 to 16 feet In length, it tralla of tri"» T Stems about the branchet Tr..i,T; J' graceful than tS TrumiH^t-creeper and irhlle Its flowers are not as arge a.s the lat^r. th. y are brightly colored so that £^ ^urZt' '''' ^ cuit*vaUon M «»e Trur .pet-c. The lower learaa mre short are tLi^'of^?^/ ' opposite, as are tftose all -h^ aihe ; of thU family. The e^^ves u., ^ the . ranchet are united at iLit, 8temt= and forming cup-shap- pl HtraciH The strikingly colored flowers grow *florl a Mkes terminating the brauches The laf ollaB are about two Inches In length, bright red m airtsMe and yellow within; the opSking of the ^ .iia spreads but very little and Se-loh^, ^ ma be seen from the picture on e oppoSte u ^ honeysuckle flaunts tHe fmt c^ ot tt« K, throated Hummingbird and Is c ^"ntfy vftrtt . er> often by these birds. Its lw» tender J- .8 i.erfectly adapted to the long S and of A-f South the : . ^^.P*"* Honeysuckle are evergreen but * :.orth they are deciduous. In the Al where an .rlS^JI^t ^^^^^t^lJurlng the Summer we find an ,range-red berry. Tltew are eaten by varioi S5S",n^^*'^' '^'^ manner f^e seeL io^: talned In the berries are scattered over a wide ranire ^^'•ritory This Is one ot Nature's «ieS ways S =^*S; tVJ:^%f.^ and^lnrto i?s awy by bringing it into contact with the same kind o plants from widely separated locaStki sp^es is distributed from Cooii. ai^SS: B. A. Bw,L»tow«a. CampamOa rmpmneuloidet. Campanula rotundifolm. WUd Fkmen Em* 9f Ob Boekh» $81 BLUEBELL FAMILY (CamfMinvtaetM). A small family of herbs with alternate leaves and acrid, usually milky, juices. The flowers are reg- ular and perfect and Imve m five-parted. vmoMOr baB- snaped, corolla. BrtS'hif!'®^*'* (Ca'npanula rapunculoldes( (EU- ROPEAN). This beautiful European species is a frequent escape from gardens and Is quite firmly es- tablished In several localities in the Eastern States. It Is, of course, to be met with In the vicinity of habitations and often alongside roads. As it la a perennial Its occurrence !n tke same places may be looked for year after year. The simple stems are erect and quite tall ranging from 1 to 3 feet bigh. The tooUied, lance-skiMped leaves alternate along the lower portion of the stem and t&e beU-ahaped, purplish flowers are in loose spikes on the terminal portions. They are all In nod- ding positions, seated in five-parted calyces, on slen- der pedioeia aain aobtenM by a smaU bract-like leaf. HAREBELLr BLUEBELL (Campanula rotundifol- la) is the "Blue Bella of Sooattd** so tmmm» to as in song and verse. It Is a very slender-stemmed species b^(^ very hardy, as attested by the alUtudes at which it is found on moQntalns. It gets it speci- fic name, rotnndlfolla, from the Uttle^tuft of rounded, toothed leaves that appear before the flowering stem, and rarely last nntU the flowers appear. The flower- ,!».*f.®"* f*"® ^^'y slender and. wiry, sparsely set w th linear leaves; they ttsnallr braiMA nMdr the snm- imt, each division bearing a demure, drooping, violet neiL It is found in bloom from June until Swtem- ber in rocky or saa^ nlaaM tn ftiiwait« ■«§ ntttt^^mmn United States. » WMa«» «w- noilll«!u VENUr L.06KINQ QLA88 (Specularia perfoliate) 18 a tall, wand-like annual with rounded, scalkm-edsed 25S*^jy?*^1L"*'* B-parted blue flowers in »« Mm rand tbroni^ioitt the United Stetes. mid Flowers Eatt of iJ^ BockUt 98S A H^^'-'A FAMILY (Lobellaceae^ regular flowers '"^J spiked, or scattered, Ir- rightly classed «« a«!5? «»«»«d, these flowers are one. tht hlU i^T^^^^^ '"^^^^ ^«a«"ful wild color that^S!!^L%^e^Tonl'%?en^^^^ wego Tea the titi^ -luey dispute Witll Os- their scarlS°cS^'TmteL'°h"'" <" their color, they ^itatel by*"„d "cM^SMfSS by the Buby-throatea HuiniSsbw «*«"««•«• Jm'^pliSSlLtr^pl^rroSs.'arl'? ^^'^ t up new plants- thn atnit lo ? ,, * "'^^^ throw set with'*a5erni?in^^^^^^^ ones stemmed and tooSpiT Sfi^ the stem and nJ^V s^MerThrshni^^^^^^ er-splke Is loosely set with hrffS; ^5®-®**®^^ ^o^" narrow. tubular corllLTrocSif JT*"' calyx, and ends to two ®™ * five-parted erect, narrow Tobel a^^ thrower one, velvety-scarlet- * ' * onmA tltree^eft erect tub^ rlTca^y^^^^T. Vo" ground, especially aJoTbroS^^hi Jm^^^^ *^ •»d ^September and Is folnd fr^ ii^T? southwards * ^ ttid alls of the nXr leareT Th~ ""'^ long, twcllpp^, Jhetower one L^t *" •«* X'r rit rn,Sr~^«r'«^«r» ff'ild Flower, Eatt of tk€ RoekUt $$5 1 to 4 feet in LX tS- li^^^ ^^^^ from sLape from ^^ea^y In size ropldS ~ they tSoach small, pale bSe-violetTo^^^^^^^ Th« calyces. The unner Hn «f « la short smooth lobes and iSSU S^SJ^'i**?* spreadtoK Mies Tri?^ " ^^^I^ed into three, larger. 00^ n^'^.MeU^ -oet Where in eltter saSdy or lilt if "TJS fields. The alternatinJ^L- * *° ^o®^* in sparingly wa^Sthed- Potated-oval and larep wMiTSkl lower ones are anlttt S^sC^stanMe h"if ^« -"^^^ 2 feet in height Th^ mi*^?' ^O"* 1 *<> barely one qufrter i^X ""e violet flowers are smooth inflSId cal?? » used vew freei V i ™^ species of Lob«Ba fg clZ?n1 KVform%?°SSS2?^f °' varioulTed? Will cause ill effJcS 5 JwaHo"^^ ^'^^'^^^ ollas ha?^wiSS^^wJ;'**^^^'^" «»e cor- thatfonow closely u I?™? P^^s flowers, for the 8ucSi^« 2 S V*® o' spe'JiSJ^ound oS^t!i^a4i?!!J« ^ Is a water. The floweraarfS^^ii* ' ^^^n in the species, but tte le7vjra?i thi^^^^ °' o"*®' at the base of thf hollow s^m * Sf?" *^ » t''" from N. B. and N. Y ^SrtttSrti " A. BhAMtHa Star. Liatris tearioBa, B. Ironwekd. V emonia noveboracemU, WUd Fhifert EtiH of the Roekieg 8S7 mmPOmTK FAMILY (CompMltae) . TALL BLAZINQ STAR (Liatrit tcarioM) « 1.11 handsome perennial that throws ^p lS^ bJauttfft Asters and Ooldeii-roda. The plant usuallv zrowa in ;lry situatlona ami attains heights of 2 to A neaos adorns the top of the atem. these haada her^"*.^,^"/ " Ite-noterVe a «^°di nereM appearance for the luasent»Dumle r«v« lar^^lmiHct'Lf'r '!""'■ «^ K lawlmhrijated Involucre. The leaves are stiff. Ian- c«i"te, and closely alternated alone the atem Ui« SI' "«n ««»« " to**?** tta «'o45? ]jTe^^/C1rthr.r nzrtt (Uatrl, splcaU) h;r1maner'Z;er"S°s" seM^*! lie thistles. This species bloom* to iU«SS ind Ben. U^v^itu,n''^jr:^ \' " ""'"^ola^te^ U?'s"p:"clera?e^n"d%rtL'^^^^^^^^^^ irom XV. y. to Mich, and •onthwardt. vw«m««j« trad FUmer, Eut of th* BoeUi, M9 broad b^^i^^.^^ll,'^ »»«"•. ratter Other respect. ^ diMUntlar In «vwf Each little tubular floret vIam. - -i- and is. consequentJy. hlXy IppriiaS* 21 species of butterflies as w3l uh^^t^SU^^ common name is that^l auSk rnSji?*?^- made frequent nsTS Sit SVo«? # various ailments ^ erlng during AuJ^ ^*^;^J^«»thward8. flow- o.d-Sined hSSS^;i2*i„?,!"^^ by tie smaU boy. It waTM/^l^?""'^ detested by the commonlf used home ^SL^ ™»« often efficacious inurSSS^^^ doubtless is quite of colds, cWUs" B^hTteJS?^,!' o^ducing to. cures hairy aid 1 5 It^ tlu ^® ^ stont, lJ»r2llate.ih!SVirerdsL'eiS to very common in awamy.. J^t«jgy,Jg^^^ « mod Fhwer, EaH of the liockie, woolly stem 4 to 10 in^fi! « «»very. The golden-yenow flower« snrfif^^ JT'"'^*** »«»ve8. tubular floreu Inthe clrS.V ll^ " the tinge but the BuiiiS^- « brownish orange brightest Of JIS^JoT^P^ °f are thi sandy sol] and Is most IhY.U-, ^^'^ "P*^*®* dry ^a„e Cod to the pine !2'^«*^*»»« <^°"t from be found m bla>S totSTTC'iJlIi®'' •^^"^y- It may Stepiwnlw. ™ '•tt*^ P«< Of July wrtfi wou?d*"?udge^f?Im ui^s*^^^^^ "••••'•»•) as one the seacoast. wSere ft £lyZ tlun^i TLS^^"^ ^ry sandy p,««. «id'«Sg ^^sW^ " ^"'"^ It Is to me, an even mmmhi^tM' . a rather Ions sliffhfiv f/ilf, ' ^®ad being on lar and ray fl^Ve's ^r^eS^,^ ^^^^J^^J^ The tSbu ere composed of clSJ^vin.n^? *»®"-«I»aped Involu- tion quite chara^JSSST^?**^?* *»™^t8. a forma- Thls species Is rnvT^ members of this family medtetneashte"as?s 'tlT I'Lt'l^ found m dry woods It«%tod „? ^, ^mst and September rndTran2L l2S i» to Pla. and iT *^ ^' Another species (C vllloMV%r»ii k « leaves, is found on dryXlS! AJ^-SifiZ „ The <''^). more thr as and Septeml^ d^^^, 'Vi^"' ^ Au^" 8We. or the edges of^wSS, frJlT^S"^^ 'oad- ■outhwards to the P^^ s?Jm from the axils of thM^S? ?». and stem, aw»e«. »o heights of from 2 to 6 feet- o, " atteining ThT stem' ^^^y^^r'n^^^^^ ^ ^ The lliv^S"i,i\J^rh4irvT.'^^ rough «tem by a «omeXat Seartih"^^^^^^ <^»««P «»e are in a broad corymb «t tt? /^** "^he flowers 3:%'"15f SurlnVSLuT 30 to 40 narrow rmra it . ^'^^^^^ across; the quite bright. '^'^ ar* Of a purplish color, iften This species is not aa mi«t.« v . name, a native of 5ew EngTaS^^SJ'?*^ fr"*" from Me. to Minn anH ' °^}^' common n^Ud Flower, East of the Rockiet 881 •MOOTH ASTER /A^ species having a 8nioott*J?n..»T'*^ « handwmw usually coverli wTt^a wS?L'*l?' branSS? from 2 to 4 feet high Thl growtoi rainai clusters, eaSS' bSSom ter- Inch across; they are a»»«t an color although cJlor is ve?v^,iif m ^ so^alled blue asters each StairT****** *» «»e to 30 rays. The Wea 1^ ? ""funded by 16 ceolate. clasping Z sLm^w^f? '^^!°^°°th-edged. la" ed base. The Smooth ^Sji^.t heart-shap- Mliiii. and southwards ^owinl t?'?*"* Me. to the vIl^^?5So^S" tho*"hta?ri?''«"> ^« one of 8 slender, very branchy Md ^nJ*^^ '^^^ »talk n height. The leavSrS-^lS^'^^ '^o°» 1 to 3 feet late but ar-. very ^rSl? tCv ^anceo- »t«n with tueir LJi tL Sf^.*"^"'' «'WP the are a trifle more than an iSch i"^^'" ^^^^'^ center being surrounde?bv f^® yellowish violet rays. This sn^i^-^v ° *o 24 lilac or bluo. land to I^orld^and p'ertSs"^rS/~^^^^ It blooms m September aid oJS^. ^"^'^y- more wTi;yj,fi!K„^t^ punlowa) f« the last species, it Is tan J*^* t! «»>»ndant as f owing from 2 to 7 feet in h^T.^'^'^Si!' stem hrownfsh purple Md Is stou? ^fJ^*^*' J*® «telk to leaves are large. ^al wm, o*f^ rough-halry. The above and hal?y' on ^e Ldrfh ifol"*"* P***"*' sparingly toothed iSf iSHi coarsely but ^ n^Ud Fhmer, £^t of the Rockies 858 Its leaves that are th« *" "^^ape of shaped and on qSte loi/Yipn"/" «»Pf clally. heart- they are thin but rather?m;o.l Petlolea; edge. The stalk I? sllJder ^.f^^K**^ ^^"^ «» th^ 1 to 4 feet high The floweW J^^*»y ""'^ •^"'^s from paraUvely small about I numerous but com- browotohVeS^w centers Vd^'^^^^^^^^ er colored rays. It Is « vS^y ilii.^'^ woods and thickets o^ Ainn^^fST" ^P**^'®* thin sides. Found from N n ?^ m o"" 'o^d- flowering In Sept and (^i •outhWM^ readily IdentWed because Vul '* to atoo stems that expSd lJ?o heirt iCJ? ^^^^k* stem. The sterna i.rr-*/i^ *hey clasp the The llRht^bfutvlXTlIow^^^^^^ 3 feet un' species ranges from N B Ont i*^ This PANICLEO aster' 7a^ -onthwards. tall, branchte. gSde/^t?^!'* «« a very found m moSVouJd and on?h« commoSlJ copses. The smooth 8tik ?tti„ <>' to 8 feet. At the eS» of tht br«ni^'*^'' °' « flower heads about the siz* . numerous Wed. The leaves are lon^ smooth, obscurely, or not if » i * ^iJ^P®^' "early green In color. This IsTne of h thiB "Woe aaters." he flow«.^ of and often white. ^^^r Tfertrt A. Heath Aster. dtter ericoides. Many-vlowbred Abter. dster muUi/hnu, FUmen Ea,t of the Rockies 865 mm white Jftlr'rrom mV r'''??l^**> • <^om- Its many flowerS are bJ? « fS*f**f°- «>«thwards. the last The plant ^ws i "fS ^*7r/?^? many branches, eachTavlni ^iJJ^\J^ i"^ steins racemed alon* thofn 1?** simple, mMy-flowered even the flower ^" stems, like. 1 near^^aves In ?.fr n?'^'^'. "°y. dlir^nt size between th/fln^ apparently species Is becaSirthe BtiiTJf- ' ***** '"^ one represents a slnJl^^IfJi^'**"®'®"'' P'^^nt Ing to onTof the 8evpr«i r*^"^ correspond. All the asTe?; i?e frequeited^hv k° **»f «ther fl^re. a special favorite with thl hn/. «P««^«es Is him with a laiSe DTrcentel furnlshe. during tHe ^^S^TiiS^rT^!^ MANY-FLOWERED ASTER what they lack ta i,. SfJ '^^"e ones, but numbers. The sTe^it *^pL'°°^f n»ake up In making a bush like nlant i?i ^^''^ »»»ncWnR by sh?rt. man "SSwi?ed iS^^f"? *" terminated shows but a tlD of onrnf fhT^*- Illustration The le.v«ri!S tfny"'irjh?yee? "^TS edged but rough to thP tm.ot 2°®*'' smooth- branches to thilr tips Thi« "^"^^^ «Iong the from M««. to lOaii id southiar^^ ^P^^^^es MKROCOPY HBOUITION TEST CHART (AHSi ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) ^ /APPLIED IIVMGE Inc sr. 1653 East Main Street Rochester, New York U609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phon« ^5 (716) 288 - 5989 - Fox WUd FUmert EeH of the Rockies 357 «n^"I^*"S^"*I^ ^^'^^^ vimlneut) is still another of the tiny, white-flowered asters. It hw a tall, branching stem from 2 to 5 feet high; the ^nnr„'^^' Sil in a hori «Mp nf?S^"«°°- 7^^ inflorescence is chiefly on one hi ?Ho h« JT^I"* This species can usually ^ tVlts stems The ® ^l^^ narrowly lanceolate, the larger ?;,?ii****Sf obscurely serrate. The flowers are Uby. tn noV*'^" ^11""^ preceding, but Have from 16 STARVED ASTER (Atter laterlflonw) la a mush a;d"aeM """I" '» twS^tS ana flelds from N. S. to Ontario and southwards ThP enTtheraJfr^'*'" '""T to "nt lt eL'h em they are rather rough and sharply serrate In tbe to Z ra^r'ilSlifl* I'^J^" apjear^j^ owSg to the ratber brownlab CBiared dlac florets- the rav DAISY FLEABANE (Erigeron ramoius) is a com- Tne 'unt«"o" t'r*^ fc^nrblooming' n fiefds from grows 1 oi P f jS^rn'^^r^K'^"^ rough-hairy and h«?Z V^f^ tall. The leaves are also slightly tow7r' ^^i^'^^f^?' lanceolate the nJSni-?^ Si^P"*"'?,t® *° «^^P« taperinr into slender petioles. The small, daisy-like flowers grow In a Tar vpnnii2£ ^J""® a disc of W fl/; J« ^r**** ^e^y numerous, narrow rw nLh* iw*^®®® f'-om 40 to 80 in nnmber- ?oM tb?5U'"'"^ «Pwardi,«, a. A. WhMHtwwmD Wood Amn. B. Sharp-leaved Wood Aim. AtUtr acummaiu*. WUd Flowerg Ea»t of the Rockies 359 Aster umbel latus is a common species of white as- ter found growing in moist woodland or thickets. It has smooth, leafy, branching stems from 2 to 6 feet tall. The leaves are lanceolate, pointed at each end and the lower ones are serrate. The numerous flower heads are In compound flat- topped corymbs; the center, or disc florets, are green- ish-yellow and are surrounded by a few white rays, usually less than a dozen. It is a common species throofboiit the northwn parts of the United States. *J!*^^^^^^^ ^^'^ ^^'T^R <'^«*«'- «cumina. Um) is a low-growing woodland aster with a simple, rather zlg zag stem, quite hairy, growing from 1 to 3 feet in height. The leaves are quite large, sharply- pointed, sharply toothed and short-stemmed A few alternate along the lower portions of the atem and a number are so closely together as to appear whoried about the stem, just below the flowers. The flowers are few In number, on slender. pedicels. They have few white rays and a rather brownish center gMas them a very unkempt appearance as compared to the tidiness of most of the asters; the rays are long, narrow, often wavy and give the flower a spread of from 1 to 1% inches. It is quite a common species SUk°J ^» Labrador to Ontario and south to Pa. and even farther in the mooataliia It blooms during August and September. Aster linariifolius is a peculiar, but not uncommon, iflfWl^A^"" ^"Zv"®" northern parts of the United States. The stem is usually simple with rough-margined, linear leaves and bears a 'single fi?!f,*'-Lf* summit; the few rays are light vio- ^tor^ white and aarraiiBd m tie&wnlgk disk of tnteiftr A. Pearly Evkrlasting. Anaphalit margaritacea. B. Everlasting. Emgnaphalmm deeurrent. Wild Flowers East of the Rockies 36l PEARLY EVERLASTING (Anaphails margarit. acea) is the largest flowered and the prettie?«» of tb« everlastings. It is one of the very few flov - s that will naturally preserve its color and shape upon dry- ing. Because of this fact, these flowers are often pre- served for vases and are used by florists for the mak- ing of wreaths. We frequently see them dyed green, blue, red yellow, etc. The stems are simple, quite stout, white-woolly, leafy and 6 to 30 Inches In height. The leaves are long and narrow, have a smooth edge, are grayish- green above and woolly below, and narrow into clasp- ing bases; they are closely set around .the stem from the base to the flower cluster. The flowers are in flat-topped clusters; each head is composed of many, pearly-while, dry, overlapping scales that surround brownish-yellow, tubular florets. Before they have expanded they look like large pearls but after opening they resemble, somewhat, miniature Water-Lilies. Staminate and pistillate flowers c^row on different planto. Wh«i the Htmen are opened, \ ^ usually see many varieties of small moths and butterflies about them, as well as small bees. These are the useful agents tor cross-fertilization. Thin JJverlasting is very common on dry hillsides, in woods or on recently cleared land. Its range extends from N. S. to Manitoba and southwards to S. C. and Mo. It is in full bloom from July until September. SWEET EVERLASTING (GnaphaMum polycepha- lum) has a woolly stem and wavy, lanceolate, woolly leaves. The pearly flowerheads are oval in shape; they do not expand until after they have matured. It Is rammon in pasture everywhere; A. Prairie Dock. SUphium terebinthinaceum. B. Compass Plant. SUphium laciniatum. fVUd Flowert Eatt of ike Roekiee M R08IN-WEED; COMPASS PLANT (Silphium lacin- iatum) is a large, showy-flowered plant found on the western prairies. It has a stout, rough, bristly stem that attains heights of from three to ten feet. The stem grows from a perennial root; it exudes copious, resinous juices. The large leaves are pinnately divtd* ed. each division being linear and cut-lobed ; they are on long, broad petioles that spread into clasping bases. The flower heads are very large, measuring from two to four inches across. They are sessile or ex- ceedingly short-stemmed, seated along the upper portion of the stout stem. Their arrangement is quite slflDlIar to that of Chicoi ', the well known and common flower in the Eaet, 'he bracts of the in- volucre are long and taper into k. preading points, that spread nearly as wide as the ray florets; file eentral. tubular florets form a large, flat orange "button" and are surrounded by bright yellow, notched rays. The lower and root leaves are very large, nmgliig from one to three feet in length. They are disposed to present their edges north and south. Compass plant is found on prairies from Mich, to North Dakota and southwards; it blooms from July until September. PRAIRIE DOCK (Silphium terbinthinaceum plnnat- Ifidium), in spite of its cumbersome Latin name, is rather an attractive plant that also grows on prairies and the edges of copses. The smooth, slender strnr< ascends 3 to 10 feet high and bears a loose iMinfr ;c of large, yellow-rayed flower heads. The leaves ir o.niy come from the root and lower part of the stem* they are slender-petioled and deeply pinnattfld. Found from O, to Minn, and soathwarda IVUd Flowers BmH of iU Boekkg a$5 ELECAMPANE (Inula Htltnium) (lUROMANt laraiiy tliat cornea to na from the old world It become naturalized and Is now comm^^J^t the eastern half of the United Statea The stout, smooth, usually unbranched stalk «row« tX±u ^^'^'^^ leafrthroughom X; the aummit of the stem Is a single, or aometIin«« tw« large flower set on a peduncle from tS^SgHf The SL^^\^i'n^'^^''r' »"-»«^-»'^* leS appear o'?*?:rel'*,n&'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ h2;%'SSa?X~; ITrkl'i^rJ'''''' tu^i'ng tUn'c'Tr a's^The^ age. The yellow raya are numerous, but very narrow iace ^Hhft 'th"T"' ^"'^ ^'^^ soLVJISSt |.earance * disheveled ap. wMtf^K*^?®*" UBuaUy clasp the plant stem th^ I .^'^l ^'•^ on petioles. They a?e broad' hick-textured, toothed and pointed; the We whit sh veins show very prominently; the upper surface of he eaf is rough, yellowish-green, while tie^ower IS lighter an( wo a beautiful, large- ?o«^H "P^^*«« commonly o?Ji, K ^^'^ pastures throughout the Baat although It is by nativity, a werterh iiHSles ^ fr<^®i l*®*? ? very tough and grows som^tL*** ? If^* \ "«"»"y " is simple but sometimes tufted, that Is two or more stems niy wo- brrne'TthS single, large ^ Dorne at the summit of each stem. hno«* Jnvolucre Is composed of two rows of leaf-Uke SdlneiK'* the flower opens, the outer oUS daik S?rni! ?rnJo"i^***'y " The conical, et/ th^^ y® ^^^"^ composed of long, tubular flor' ets that ripen in successive circles afiiut the cone making a fringe of yeUow pollen oa lgi wrfacl The nor ptetlls. They have their uses, however for they ^JT^M" 5?"*°^ advertisement to aU jSilng hSi and butterflies, of the stores of necter a^pSfleSTto be reaped from the florets at the center ThS tubeJ ft tJ^^fv?** °f^*" ««^ted at th; ^?tom,^ LV K,°°^'^* *°.^®*^t« slender tODSuet tJu? enabled to taste of the sweets •» arlVlJf tlS' alternately along the stem, ribs Th! fnn*"** tl^ree prominent the stel th?£fi lanceolate aad seated on «th2-^S.iJ^t!L°Sf are broader towards the tip. a^X«Wflicu7t^^oS ^ ?«"i;avo^eS"£?*£^2«» 'ThIs'Vho'uMiS SS-' luiiy avoiaea, for tiw roots are perennial and olanu will .print »P y^r «ft»r yenr If •rTnitolSSSj S4 WUd Flomert Etut of the Rockieg 871 tall, lanky member of this genus, with an entfralv aif NnZ?'"'"T ^'^^ Blackened Su': wndy or dusty fields for this but the cool depths of moist thickets. As usual with ve«eto* f^? inH f- , V^*?*" *o *»e«8hts of 3 to 10 feet and is leafy throughout. Ordinarily the olant dM« not grow more than five feet in height- th^ pSea ^i J^ Zf^fT^^^ ^^'•y long rowpr fn^f^lfTf,*'^®'' o»* seven diviaiona: the ed while the upper ones, or at least, the omnMSSt the flowera are small and elliptical th^«^l^*''*^f terminate the branebes: disc TTZ ?T •«''o««- The hl!.«i ' hemlaphertcal and green but finally Mtst «eo& sDS^iw^ll^^'K*** * ^'^^^y biennial with slender spreading branches, at the ends of which ara nnm ceS^ di;c ' VT"' n «^<>-" SSJ^S^^eaT K- central disc is hemispherical comnosed nf Irime^Tt^lT''- --^^^ golSlo^ DTigntest near the disc. The leaves are Inlgltt ffreen thin rough, the upper ones being laSc^hapedtS' tinth^r'n «»"»-lob«d; all are rather ?,^rae^y mid Flower, £aH of the BodHu m c;Z?t?»o?.I^%^^^^^ (H.ll.nth«. da. and on the border nfVhTri^?**","®^ ♦^«nip woods Minn, southwirds The brancl^nf ' 2 to 5 feet tall; u Is sLhn^ ho?* 'rom per portions but iml^^''^il^J''''^C7''^ °" "P" rather roufh4>road lance^shJn^H ok® ^^T®^ '^n. g-ow opposlt^n t^HeS^-^^tC"^^^^ saw-toothed. The ahnwv •'^ •'^ sharply er peduncles ftSS tte^ds T/h ' f """^ « °° «»eSd- 3 inches -roT^'Sou^h often wi^i^?2**' ^ to Jn.t a. frequently have ty'nZX^.'^V'''' thf *irrn larl^sSLSSwirtt enormous heaHa tii^ , swcb from Mte^T-JxaranT^ielt^l^^^^^^ heads range from three to 81 J^tailff'^ Is only the cutHvft?^ J- i ? diameter; It that has tL S«m!^».\"*?y' Produced from this, country being more thau lau^yl T^.^""^ ^ •luced in ^he'^UnUed Spates «rf pm- to six *f^*iii"**Jf grows from v,ree JSBtTBALEM ArTICHOKE. mtd Flower. Ea,l of tkt Soekm tUS lem, In connection with twi ^i. J f from the name a mii.,^ * corruption several targe .bwl (lS?eS Thl some rough, bright ween #~f*i,!!T rather coarse. A. Beooar Ticks. Bident frondota. Large Bur-Mamoold. Bidtnt Imw*. Wild Flowert Etut of the Rockies $77 ine woods aid flelds durltc Pall. Who hu w^i!^ the pleasant task of sItUn* down .bh ™,r?? moving the little two-hoSk.d btaS^l-Sit Zr r Pu'Se'^o "a'nSiutTuri'ii.'S: or m'i' r ^^^7 "'"^ ner Of "n^™!, Vk ' '» » HBerent mao- wild animals but am iSm «rvM th^.7„^^J'' °' better than beasts ^'"^ Purpose oven toeta so™JZri!Sr * <" tnbnlanrJ^ltSVeltow LARGER BUR.MARIQOLD; BROOK ftliMvi formed It »"'« tave ram?HSSS2^T-f'-- ir.f*te s"S ?S r-^^^^^^^^ frUd Flomeri Etui of ilu BoekUt 879 COMMON WHITE DAISY; OX-KVI OAltV (Chrv n^l • .7* cftlfen. It Is 80 common and hM £. whrte itehf. 'tUL' %«»0Vhlte, floral carpet oJi^ the tomJ jlH l beauUful bouqSets for wif«5f^«-"^ """"^ amusement for the children I wondor how many of the lassies, who read these lines fall to remember the old dlttv ^'-Bini. ' nnely tootkcd but not eat w ilMlwd. ""»"» PEAN? ^rf™„i°^''*~"*T"'" ^'•"•"l'"") (EURO. caM iwi! li^S "ST* 'n ""e East as an el ?Tan7?,?XTra„ISrnf M'lS;;"' ' A. Yarrow. Achillea millefolium. B. Matwisd/ Chamomile. eric name !■ annii!Li »^ wayglde weeds, iti gen- formerly used Tou Wo^TV^^ ^cWni and^flnely wilMlSS flrtll^y.JSdSi^ ter. rt'tS W^ilVem' X'h c enter of short, tSulS- ^SiJ^H^^'^®'" « lirown or grayish a« fI'o« ^'*** that turn some localities these ray flStrta ??^ Z^^}^ pistillate, vary in poM^ the way are Hon. This latU ut may ter. The name da5de£ ^ «^en In Win- jagged edge of the leaves ' ®' ^ ^ Pe?m«m?f,''Jf'i„^X'>ELlON (Taraxacum .rythn,.. J»«5;.fiini 57 Coptis trifolia 281 Cooperia Drummondii Corallorrhisa 69 Coral-root ... 97 Com Cockle .. ' 97 Cornel 107 Cornus florlda 231 canftdensYs ' 281 Corpse Plant 231 f^orydalls \ \ \ \ 235 Cow Herb 139 CowsUp Ill american 119 Cow-Lily 255 Cranesbill ... 117 Crotolaria sagit'taiiV 189 Crowfoot Family 169 Cucumber-root. Indian 119 Cuscuta Qronovli 69 Cynoglossum virgtoiil^^ 281 Cyprlpedluni ^ 286 • 76 ■a ■ it; t / t in ■ ' 414 IiMlcti Daisy, Ox-eye 379 " White 379 " Yellow 8W Dalibarda repens 161 Itendelions, Common 397 Pall 395 Datura Tatula 301 Daucus Carota 229 Day-flower 31 Dentaria dlphylla 141 Diapensia 251 Dianthis Armaria 113 Dicentra CucuUaria 139 Dock, Prairie W8 Dodder 281 Dodecatlieon Meadia 255 Dogbane 273 Dcunrood, Flowering 231 Draba verna 141 Droscera rotundifolia 147 filiformis 147 Dutcliman's Breeches* 189 Echium vulgare 287 Eglantine 165 ESecampane 365 Epifagus virginiana 319 Epigaea repens 247 Epilobium angustifolium 223 " hirsutum 228 Brigeron pulchellus 367 " ramosus 357 i^rythronittm 47 Bii^torium perfoliatum 339 " purpureum 339 Euphorbia 195 Evening Primrose 225 879 m m 897 395 301 229 81 141 261 lU 189 868 281 255 273 231 141 147 147 189 287 166 865 819 247 223 228 367 357 47 339 339 195 225 Inde» Feverfew Plgrwort Family 379 Flag, Blue .......'.* 303 Flax 71 Jleabane, Daisy*.* 183 Foam Flower 357 Forget-me-not 151 FVagrarla vlrginlana Frostweed .. 165 209 Gallium .... Garlic, Wild 826 Gaultheria procumbens* .* ' 37 lielsemium sempervlrena Gentian, Bottle 261 Closed .'.*.'.*.' 271 " Downy 271 Fringed 269 ^ " Solitary . . . 267 Qentlana Andrewsii 2«9 crinita ... 271 Imbenila ..*".* 267 ^ " qulnquefolia . 2«9 Geranium maculatum 269 Robertianum 189 Wild ... 189 Gerardia, Purple ..'.'.'.'.*!.'.'.* 189 " purpurea 313 Geum strictum . . 313 Glllover-the ground '.".' 161 Ginger, Wild ... 298 Ginseng 99 Gnaphalium poiycephaium ^27 Goat's Rue . . . . ; 361 Golden Club ... 171 27 416 Indem OoMen-rod, Blue-stemmed . . . " Canada " Early " Lance-leaved " White Goldthread Grass, Blue-eyed Onus of Parnassus Grass Pink Green Brier Green Dragon Ground Nut Ground Ivy Habenaria clavellata ciliaris " flmbriata " lacera Hardback Harebell Hawkweed, Canada Heal-all Hedge Nettle Helenium antumnale Helianthemum canadenae .... Helianthus anius , decapetalous ....... " tuberosus Hemerocallis fulva Hemp, Indian Hepatica Heteranthera reniformis Hibiscus Moscheutos Hieracium canadense TmcNram Indea 417 Honeysuckle, Coral SM : Fly :::::: m swamp 237 " Trumpet 329 Houstonia caerulea ^ 326 Hudsonia 209 Hyacinth, Wild .*.*..*.'.*.'.'...'.*.**.* 39 Hymenocallis .'!.'.!.'!*""** 67 Hypericum 2M Hypoxis hirsuta t$ Impatiens biflora 197 Indian Paint Brush [ 01 c Indian Pipe ...".".*.*!*.'.*.'! JJI Indian Tobacco ooc Indian Turnip 25 Indiso, Blue false le? Wild ;;; Jjg Innocence 326 Inula Helenium . . . . ' 365 '^^8 71 Inmweed " ' " 337 Jack-in-the-Pulplt 25 Jeffersonia diphylla [ ", ««« Jessamine, Yellow False .*.*. •«i Jewel-weed to? Job's Tears *.* Jl Joe Pye Weed sii Kalmia angustifolia 24K " latifolla Sj Krigfia virginica Labrador Tea *^ Lactuca canadense •aa La««r 'nreMea .*.*.*!.*.*.*.*.*.'.*;;.* Jf 1^ I !' I! 1% -V I-ady'g sjlpper. Wnk . . i; Rams-head".'!] Showy .....*.' 2§ Yellow 77 lady's Thumb . 76 Laurel, Mountain IW ^ " Sheep 243 Leatherleaf 245 i^edum groenlandlcum Leek, Wild 249 Leontodon autumnalia 37 I-eonurus Cardlaca 395 Lettuce, Wild . 295 Llatiis scarlosa 399 Llllum canadense ..*.'.*!.* 887 phlladelphicum *S superbum « Lily, Atamasco 43 Blackberry . . * * 67 " Cow ... 71 Day 117 " Red Wood 39 " Turk's-cap • 41 Water 43 LllyH)f-the- Valley 117 Limonium caroliniMum ^7 Llnarla canadense 251 ^ " vulgaris JW5 Linnaea borealls 305 Llnum vlrglnianum'.'.* 327 '"iparis 188 Listera cordata*."' 97 Liverwort 97 Lobelia cardlnalia *.*.*;; 181 Great ... 888 Index Lobelia Inflata . splcata 335 Spiked 336 Lonicera canadensis ..*.*'.' " sempervlrens HI Loosestrife, Pour-leaved " Fringed 253 Purple ... 257 Loosestrife yellow 219 Lousewort 253 Lucerne 817 Lupine. Wild 179 Luplnus peremiiB 167 Lychnis 167 Lycopsis arvensis virglnica 287 Lyslmachla ... 291 Lythram Sallcaria *W 219 Madder Family Malnthemum canadais« 325 Mallow, Common 61 Mash . IW Rose 201 Malva .... 203 Mandrake . 201 Marigold. Marsh'.'.'.*.' 133 Marsh Rosemary 11* May Apple , , [ 261 Mayflower ... 18S Canada'.' 247 Mayweed 51 Meadow Beauty 381 Meadow Rae ....** 221 Meadowsweet 123 Medeola vlrglnlana ! 153 M«dieaipo satira 69 172 Melilot, Yellow Melllotus olBcinalli \ll Mentha anrenslt iJJ Milfoil 295 Milkweeds . Milkwort .....*.'.'.*.' ^5 Mlmulus ringens Mint family 309 Mitchells repens * Mitella nuda 325 " diphyua Mitreworts 151 Monarda dldyma iJJ Moneses uniflora . Monotropa Umllora '.'.'.* * " Moneywort ^35 Men key flower ' Monkshood ....,...!*..*. 309 Motherwort . • 131 Mud Plantain 295 Mullein, Common ^3 Moth ... 303 Mustard 303 Myosotis scorpiodes iif Myrtle . 286 266 Nemastylis acuta Nepeta cataria hederacea Nightshade 298 Nymphaea advena ^ 117 Oakesia Oats, Wild ........ V.'.'."" • • • * Oenothera biennis " frncticoift ^^'iiii::::::::::::::::::::; ^ •4 « Orchis. Green Wood Purp|©.fHnged W Ragged-fringed 87 Round-leaved . 85 Showy . . 83 ;; spectabllls * .' 93 Orontlum aquatlcum 83 nroK umbellatus . 27 Orobanche nniflora . «7 Oswego Tea 319 ?jf"« 297 ^amted-cup 186 *'anax qulnquefollum 315 trlfollum ... 227 Parnassla carollaJana 227 Parsnip, Water .. 149 P»«q«e Flower . . . .' 22t Peanut. Wild 118 Pea, Partridge 181 PeducuIaHg canadensis 171 Pentesmon 317 te^^-^jint :::::::::::::: 307 carta 295 Fetalostemum purpnream*.' l«3 f:"™x 169 Pckerel-weed 283 Pimpernel 33 FlrP 259 ? ,,jd ;:: 113 Indian 283 : Maiden 269 Marsh 113 Mos« ;;; • 266 Mullein 888 Rose • 107 Wild 2S 118 Pink-root PInxter Flower ..'.*.'.*.*.' ;X Pipt.ssewa it^ Pipe Vfne fj? Pipe. Dutchruan B ... ixi Pitcher Plant JJJ PJautain, Common ilT " Robln'8 S Water Plantago major ...'.V,V.'. J J? Pogonla "J Polygala ,2i Polygonatum .'"*** ^JJ Polygonum persicarla iS? Polymonium Family ixj Pontederla cordata ... Poppy. Prlukly [ ,JJ Portulaca oleracea ... Jf PWentlHa eaBadensls .... J" " palustrls Primrose. Evening {J! Prince's Pine ...?. Prunella vulgaris *. g Purslane - • f~ HI Ragged Robin Ragwort. Golden Ranunculus ... ''"^ Rattlebox '.*.'.'.'.'.*. iJJ Rattlesnake Plantain ...'.'. *.' ^ Rattlesnake-weed ... Rliexla virsiatet ... * * " • 211 Rfcudodeadron " (^adense 241 naximum 239 nyOJflf . 241 n»co8u a ..." 289 AiiOdora _ 23V H^srheniensia -la hirta _ likclnlata . Rosln-wfr ; 289 Roek-ro.^ .. :::: • »« «Ote cmeobva. 209 " ni^, ;;;; 183 Pahuiie . ... 166 '^•eetbrler 163 165 16S sn ^ ^ Mvlowlla 871 Sa )atia .. S»fe^«a anguiariV ; 265 dodiicandra 263 „ ' ■■■■ 18 ZOO « tiaria 2f2 * ^ih.arla canadensis • • . » . •onarla 176 ^acenla purpurea Ill -^Parllla. Wild . 145 ^axlfraga virglnlenrt. 227 f x frage. EaVly ^ £49 Scuteilartalntergrlfolik 149 f ''-heal 251 ^eneclo aureus '. : 291 S&inleaf ... 00 k ^«nf Star ::::::: ■••::m latlfolla 265 Btlphitim ladnatum 113 8i8 424 Index Silver-rod Sisyrinchium .... **J Slum cicutaefoliom oU Skullcap ^ Skunk Cabbage ^ Smartweed Smilacina Smilax . Snakeroot. Virginia .*.'.".'.'* Sneezeweed • ' * • ' , J Snow-on-the-Mouatal'n ". Soapwort ^ Solanum Dulcamara Hi „ " nigrum 299 Solidago bicolor Ir« :: caeaia :::::::::::: l\l canadensis 12^ " juncea graminlfolia Solomon's Seal, False .... ^IL „ " " True ; Sonchus oleraceuB . Sorrel. Sheep ... " Wood Sparganium eurycarpua ^J? Specularia perfoUata ... * ,oi Speedwell Spiderwort ....".* ^ Spigelia marilandica .' .* „fj Spikenard ...261 Spirea tomentosa .!! sallclfolia }°f Spring Beauty • Spurge, Cypress .....*.*.* Ji| Squirrel Com .... *. J£f Staeliya j^nstris Ist Index Star Flower . Star Grass ... 25$ " " Yellow';;:;: S StaMf.Bethlehem Steeplebush W Stelronema clllatiim Stellarta 267 St Jolmswort. Common * " Marsh .. 205 Stltchwort .... 207 Strawberry, Wild 105 streptopus ^ii ^^naew8 53 sundrops ..;;;;;; 147 Sunflower, Giant .. **.'*.'.*.* 225 " Commcm': sw,«"wer .■'«»■■«*»'>•«■•:■•'•'■■•■•::•.■.::::::::::: Vn ICS Tanacetum vulerare Tansy _ 383 Taraxacum officinalis 883 Tecoma radicans • • • • W Tephrosla virginiana 321 ** CanaiUi * 391 Sow ...;*; 389 " Star .. 399 Thorn Apple . . 393 Thoroughwort 301 Tiarella conBfi^' SM Toadflax 181 Toothwort .... m Touch-me-not 141 Ss^ti^viriiiiii ::::::;::;;; ■ m Index Trlentalls amerfcana Trilliums " 259 Trumpet Creeper 61 Turtle-heaa m Twayblade ... ....307 Twin Flower . 97 Twlnleaf 327 Twisted-stalk 133 Typha angustlfolla M " jatitoHa ii Uvularia perfoliata • . « . , 331 ....... 303 •.«.... 289 ••••«.. 337 Sll 2S9 179 •.. 179 vS„;;r Verbena &ca Vervain ]; Vetch. Cow Vlcia Cracca . Viola bianda * " canaden»la 215 cucullata ... "** 213 " lanceolata ...'.* 213 palmata . 215 " pedata ... 211 " pubescens . 211 Violet, Bird-foot ..." 217 Common ?11 Canada 213 " Dog-toothed 213 Palmated .... 47 White 211 " Yellow 215 Vimii'a Bower . 217 127 19 35 Whitlow Onus Wild Mint *•*' wiiiow^Herb ::::: Index WcnuHiwort Spotted • • • • • • ♦ • , W ... 141 • • 295 ... 223 • • • 223 ... 247 ... 233 ... 295 LAND mnn EAST OF THE ROCKIM EVERY . * *• "-O. 8. B habits and Peculiarities «n/*";, ^escr he?r for them; describes thelr^ll^''^ ^J»ere to lo^k thf^f"*^ ^^«I> IS SHOWN In °r?nt^^?.«»d «oS?* Th JT*^^ young whL ?h ^^i^^'*' *ncludl5g These Plates are mad/from w^t^Jl differs the LARGEST 8ALE%^ ^^hiT^^^i ^""^ had taStbto^^^ B-n- in CtH, 7l.;%S^-^- ^^^^^^^ 5^;^: COLOR KEY TO N A mtttm^ By Frank M " ^ ■»»I0«. Thio K !. . • Chapman and 0 A J nis book is dpsis-n^^ . ^ nmm. As this book lie udes^'arth?^'"/ f awlSgf^ ^ America, it is equally usefni ? ^^''^^ ^""^^ North ry from the AtlanU^ to'^J^^Jf Part of the coin to the Arctic Ocean tI » ^ I'aclflc, from thn p.,i# With the egg « bound in cIoth"«lXSl" NORTH AMCmCAN Biirof coot. By C. A. RvMl, S. B. Each fcjre is XL« * .P f American birds. a iS^i mLnVful 'Ifa^l.'Xero? «" llielr natural situations ' °' "•«««». to 8lv?n" M.'XlXX's°ll v'/fh"^ Ilea of each bird ' "'"^'^ » accurate ISM pOMfMid. GUIDE TO THE MUSHftOOMS By Em . L.. Taylor Colt. isi^^siurcTJU^tiy^rk^T"^ • but there are both «Iiiki« J! u ^"^^ ^''^ same, ones. TheTuri^se^f ^hlT^^LT'"" ^"^ poisonous encei. ?t telL Hovv wiJ^m^ i° differ aTi^ir.£SSi«^^^^ and five PLATES IN COLOR * mushrooms mZen. "»"orm with Wild $1.50 net; postagt 12c Include the hablte. Oie rZ?*"h ^^^^^^^ripUo^ and the notes of each sn^oK' ^'if "^^^s and egga U8t».ted IN COLOR sJowln^??-;. k*^^ Is S vorJ'n,^""'/"" ink dTiwInes *^^?7»^t«'-'«tic mark brary Of everyone, fo^ither with f^'^^^ ^he H