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New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations
New Brunswick, N. J.

Published by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment

Stations in cooperation with the

County Mosquito Extermination Commissions

for use in

The Schools of the State

| believe that a knowledge of the history of this pestiferous
msect and the methods by which it can be exterminated will
result in great good. There ts no better medium than the schools
for doting this—John Enright, Commissioner of Education.

Compiled by the

Associated Executives of Mosquito Control of
the State of New Jersey

ENDORSED BY THR
NEW JERSEY STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
AND BY THE .
NEW JERSEY MOSQUITO EXTERMINATION ASSOCIATION

The Story of the Mosquito

The Mosquito is an Ancient Enemy

The mosquito has been a pest since the times of early history
Ancient writers record how the warriors of the old days were
forced to fight mosquitoes as well as their other enemies. According
to the early historians, these insects swarmed in such prodigious num-
bers in old Egypt that the natives of marshy regions built towers on
which to sleep, since the mosquitoes did not fly high. Also, mosquito
nets and canopies were used. The army of Julian, the Apostate, on
one occasion was so fiercely attacked by mosquitoes as to be driven
back. In Ancient Greece, the inhabitants of cities were sometimes
forced to abandon their homes on account of mosquitoes. Sapor,
the King of Persia, it is said, was compelled to raise the siege of
Nisibis because a plague of “gnats” attacked his elephants and
beasts of burden, and so caused the rout of his army.

In the neighborhood of Crimea, according to later writers, the
Russian soldiers were obliged to sleep in sacks to defend themselves
from the mosquitoes ; and in spite of this protection some of the men
died in consequence of severe bites by the furious blood-suckers.

Spenser, the English writer of the Seventeenth Century, referred
to the great swarms of mosquitoes in both England and Ireland. The
lines of his “Faerie Queene,”

Whiles in the air their clust’ring army flies |

That as a cloud doth seem to dim the skies,

Ne man or beast may rest or take repast * °* ° :
indicate the magnitude and fierceness of the pest. Describing the
[rish mosquitoes, he said they “doe more to annoy the naked rebels
and doe more sharply wound them, than all the enemies’ swords and
speares.”

Today mosquitoes are found in all lands and in all climes. They
are abundant in the torrid countries of the tropics and they are com-
mon in the frozen regions of Alaska. They pester the untutored
native of the Malay States and attack with equal ferocity his more
civilized brother of the Western countries. The mosquito is no re-
specter of persons, boundary lines or races. It is an undesirable
inhabitant of the earth, and furthermore it is an unnecessary one

Why Mosquito Extermination Was First Attempted

Means of controlling the mosquito perhaps would not have been
discovered had it not been for the same underlying cause that brings
to light so many great facts, namely, the saving of human life. The
mosquito as a pest might be tolerated, the mosquito as a spreader
of disease and death must be eradicated. Such was the conclusion
reached by the United States government when, at the time of the
construction of the Panama Canal, it was conclusively proven that
the mosquito and the mosquito alone was responsible for the trans-
mission of the disease of malaria. Likewise, during the Spanish-Ameri-

3

van war, it was demonstrated that the mosquito was the carrier of yel-
low fever. The successful control of the mosquito in Panama and in
Cuba by the United States government and the consequent reduction
and final control of these great diseases, is a matter of record that
will always occupy a prominent place in the history of modern sani-
tation. Of equal note is the record of the United States Army in
the recent World War. In spite of the fact that many of the
southern training camps were placed in what is widely known as the
malarial belt, malaria was not present among troops at any time in
sufficient quantity to prove a serious factor.

This is in striking contrast to the conditions that existed in camps
during the Spanish-American War, when malaria and yellow fever
were prevalent and more lives were lost from these diseases than
trom Spanish bullets. This was all because the medical authorities
did not then understand the relation of the mosquito to these diseases
and the importance of eliminating mosquito breeding in and around
the encampments.

Of the anti-mosquito work that has been undertaken in this and
yther countries during the last twenty years, in no place has it been
more extensively developed than in our own state.

Many Varieties of Mosquitoes in New Jersey

It has taken years of study to find out what we do know about the
different kinds of mosquitoes. There are many varieties in the
mosquito family.
There is the
Anopheles which
carries malaria,

the Stegomyia
#-=| which transmits
-==-1 yellow fever, the
Culex which in-
fests the bed-
room at night,
the Aedes which
causes discom-
fort on the porch

Fic 1—Lire History or THE House Mosgurto and in the gar-
l, eggs; 2, hatching larvae; 3, grown larvae or wrigglers; den. These
4, pupa; 5, adults emerging from pupae and flying away. groups again are

subdivided, as the Anopheles punctipennis, the Anopheles quadrima-
culatus, the Culex pipiens, the Aedes sollicitans, the Aedes sylvestris,
stc. Each of these groups has its own peculiar markings, character-
stics and habits. Only by an intensive study could one become famil-
ar with all these, and it is not the purpose of this manual to describe
the species in detail.

Of the many different kinds of mosquitoes there are only about a
jozen that are common to this state, and of this number, not more
than six are of real economic importance. For the purpose of study,
these might well be classified under the salt-marsh, the inland-swamp
ind the house group.

i

2 = =~
0 NS 2
FAR

A:

All Mosquitoes Breed in Water

All mosquitoes breed in water and in water only. They do not
breed in damp grass or dew. The life cycle is fundamentally the
same in all groups and the stages of development are practically
similar. If we review the life history of one kind, therefore, it will
apply to the others equally as well. As the house mosquito is better
known than the others, it is here described as a typical example

os Typical Life History

All mosquitoes originate from an egg and water 1s necessary 1
order to hatch this egg. The female mosquito, flying along, sees a
small pool of water, an uncovered rain barrel, an upturned pail ful)
of water, or some other container full or partly full, and there she
drops her eggs. The eggs are laid in small black masses of from

\~ ae BREATHING
SOR f.) oe TUBES

Fic. 2—(to the lefi). D1acram op
Mosguito Larva. Note breathing tube
and tufts of hair.

Fic. 3—(above). DiaGRAM OF Mos.
guiro Pupa. It is from this form tha:
the adult emerges

fifty to four hundred each. They look like a tiny buat floating or
the water surface and for this reason are often referred to as “egg
boats” or “rafts.” From the egg comes the larva, commonly called
“wriggler” or “wiggle-tail.” The wriggler is an energetic individual
and gets its name because of its rapid “letter S” motion in the water
It feeds on the organic matter in the water and gets its air supply
by sticking its long tail-like siphon through the upper surface. That
is why it always comes-up tail first with head down. The larva stays
as such for 6 days to 3 weeks, depending on the temperature, and
then becomes a pupa. This is a decidedly changed form. The head
becomes enlarged and the tail curls up. Breathing is now done
through two little horns at the top of the head. In the water, the
pupa resembles a comma-in shape, and though it still retains its
rapid methods of locomotion, it is not as active as the larva. After
24 to 72 hours, the pupal skin cracks and the adult mosquito emerges

5

in the form familiar to all. It pauses for a brief time resting op
the discarded pupal skin until its wings dry a little, and then flies
away on mischief bent. Such is the evolution of a mosquito: (1)
egg; (2) larva; (3) pupa; (4) adult.

Not everyone knows an adult mosquito when he sees one. It may
be confused with the shad fly, the crane fly or the darning needle.
The mosquito is a true insect with three pairs of legs, two wings, a

fic. 4—WHiITE-MarKED SALT Marsa Fic. 5—Brown SaLtt MarsB
(Actes sens WIL) eae
edes sotiicitans 2
Distinctive marks: Palpi not more than ; (Aedes cantator Coa.)
me-fourth as long as beak: Beak and feet Distinctive mark: Palpi not more thas

clearly white-banded: A yellowish-white one-fourth as long as beak: Beak unbanded,

stripe lengthwise on the upper surface of the feet white-banded: Transverse yellowish
ebdomen. white bands on abdomen

The Salt-Marsh Mosquito

Of the salt-marsh mosquitoes two are well known in New Jersey.
The Aedes sollicitans, the “white-banded” salt-marsh mosquito; and
the Aedes cantator, the “big brown” salt-marsh mosquito. The for-
mer is the most numerous and is the one usually referred to as the
Jersey Mosquito. It is especially abundant along the Jersey coast
from Hackensack south. It is sometimes called the “convict”
because its body is marked with black and white stripes. There is
also a broad white stripe across the beak and a longitudinal stripe
down the middle of the back. These markings are most pronounced
and anyone who has had this mosquito pointed out to him usually
recognizes it without hesitation. The other common salt marsh
mosquito, the Aedes cantator, is the predominant one in the coastal
areas of the northern part of the state. This mosquito is a large,
robust mosquito of a general brown color; the thorax? is covered with
distinct spiny hairs; the tarsi? show a white band at the base of each
joint, but the bands are not well marked and merge gradually into
the ground color; each abdominal® segment shows a whitish band at
its base, but the bands are rather indefinite and not constricted at
the center.

'The portion of the body to which the legs and the wings are attached.
2The tarsus is the last section of the leg, consisting of several short joints.
®The abdomen is the jointed portion of the body to ihe rear of the thorax.

6

is a Natural Migrant

The mosquitoes are of economic importance because they breed
in such enormous numbers and because they are naturally migrants
and will fly in large broods for ten, twenty, or perhaps thirty miles
from the marsh in which they breed. Sometimes they sweep un-
announced into an inland community like a huge conquering army

Does Not Breed in Fresh Water

In spite of the fact that these mosquitoes are so often found in
inland towns and cities, they always breed in salt or brackish water.
The egg is deposited in the soft salt-marsh where it is floated out by
the high tides or rain. In a few hours the larva issues from the egg
and wiggles =
around in the
water of the
pool. After 6
days to 3 weeks,
depending on the
cainfall and
temperature, the
larva becomes a
pupa just as ex-
plained in the
case of the house

mosquito, and in
Bie og outs the | corn nure) with Pigure\ and tote dibceence ere cee
full fledged adult ;

appears. It is strong of wing and after a day or two starts its migra-
tion in search of food and shelter. This mosquito does not ordinarily
enter the house, but confines its visits to the garden and porch, where
it is especially active about dusk.

Inland Swamp Mosquito

In the inland swamp group we find the fresh-water swamp mos
quito, Aedes sylvestris, and also that bred in the woodland pool,
Aedes stimulans. There are others, of
course, but these will serve as types. The
swamp mosquito winters in the egg at the
bottom of the pool in which it breeds.
Early in the spring the eggs hatch and the
larvae appear.

The sylvestris is a small mosquito with
a narrow white band at the joints of the
legs and a noticeable indentation in the
white markings on the abdomen. This con
striction on the abdomen gives the ap-
BES oe ee eee ATER pearance of a series of little “letter B’s” on
(eden Saizectrie esp) the back of the mosquito and is the dis-

Distinctive Marks: Small, with tinguishing feature of this species. This
pan eee eae se eee mosquito is especially prevalent during wet
ngs on abdomen, resembling series seasons for it is quick to take advantage of
pe lietle letter Bia.” temporary rain-pools as well as the larger

7

permanent swamps. It is not strictly a local form, a migration of 10
to 12 miles being quite possible. For the past few years, the sylvestris
has been the prevailing species in the northern part of the state. It is
especially troublesome to the gardener.

The Woodland-Poo] Mosquito

The Aedes stimulans (formerly called subcantans) resembles
closely the big brown salt-marsh mosquito of which we have previously
spoken (see page 6), and is easily mistaken for it. There is a
white band at the base of each tarsal segment and a white band at
the base of each abdominal segment. This mosquito also winters in
the egg stage and produces a large brood early in the spring. It is
not considered migratory and does not trouble man greatly except
as he builds nearby, or otherwise penetrates its haunts. The stimu-
lans is often a nuisance to camping parties and has caused the listing
of mosquito netting as a necessary part of a camper’s outfit

The House Mosquito Group

In the house mosquito group we will consider two of the five 1m-
portant members, the Culex pipiens and the Anopheles quadrwmacu-
latus.

Dr J. B. Smith, the pioneer of mosquito work in New Jersey,
characterizes the house mosquito as fol-
lows: “It is of medium size, deep yel-
lowish to dark brown in color, the legs
and beak are not banded, and the ab-
domen has a narrow whitish band at
the base of each segment. It is rath-
er a slight species and not especially
hairy, having indeed, ‘a lean and hungry
look” The Culex pipiens passes the
winter as an adult female hiding away
in cellars, buildings and other protected
places. When warm weather comes in
the spring, she sallies forth and lays
her eggs, which go through the au.
formations outlined above.’

f

A Most Unwelcome le

The house mosquito is found every-
where about human habitations. It
Fic. 8—Housz Mosguito breeds in large numbers wherever
(Culex pipiens Linn.) water stands long enough ; in rain-
Distinguishing marks: Palpi not more barrels, water tubs, tin cans, broken
and fect without white band: Trans, bottles, cellar exeavations, “even 4
verse white bands on abdomen. eaten bit of crockery. It breeds in
abundance in foul, polluted water, cess-
pool overflows, house sink drains, etc.
The man who designed the typical city corner sewer catch basin be-
friended the mosquito, for he provided a place where dirty, stagnant
water lies for weeks and unless these basins are oiled, they produce
mosquitoes in untold numbers.

Will Force its Way Into the House

The pipiens mosquito penetrates screens, flies down the chimney.
comes up from the cellar, and in through a partly closed door. It
is most persistent and ingenious in its desire to get inside the house.
And once in, a few of these pests can make life miserable for the

family.

Fic. 9—A BreepinGc Pace 1n Passatc County
A continuous breeding place; draining impossible; filling in the only preventive.

We i ge

——

Fic. 10—FourTEEN oF THESE BarrELS, IN A YARD IN ATLANTIC CrTy
WereE Founp Breepinc MosguiToEs

The Anopheles Quadrimaculatus Carries Malaria
The other mosquito which we will consider in this group is the
Anopheles quadrimaculatus. It is practically the only agent within

9 1

the state of New Jersey which transfers malaria from infected to
well persons. At this point it should be said that a well person can
obtain the disease of malaria only through the agency of the mosquito
and that of all the species of mosquitoes within the state this is the
only one which is responsible to any considerable extent for the
transfer of malaria.

This mosquito also passes the winter as an adult female in cellars
or other sheltered places. The eggs are laid singly or loosely grouped
on the surface of the water. From fifty to seventy-five seems to
be the usual number. Its life cycle is similar to that of pipiens, with
the exception that the larvae when resting do not hang head down-
ward, but float with the body almost parallel to the water surface
The adult is readily distinguished from all other mosquitoes by the
fact that the palpi
(slender organs, one
on each side of the
'beak), are three-
fourths as long as the
_ beak, whereas those of
§ other species are only
one-fourth as_ long.
It is brownish black
in color and has four
brownish black spots
on each wing. This
mosquito also forces
its way eagerly into

Fig. 11—(above). CELLAR
EXCAVATION IN CRAN-
FORD.

Temporary pools of this
kind are among the @
worst breeding places #
of house mosquitoes.

1c. 12—(to the right).
INSPECTOR, WITH Mo- (i
TOR-CYCLE EQUIPMENT,
OILING SEWER CATCH
BASIN IN ATLANTIC
CITY.

the house and is a particularly unwelcome visitor in the sickroom.

If the quadrimaculatus bites a person whose blood is
infected with the malarial parasite it may get some of
the parasites with its meal. ‘These parasites will then undergo a com-
plete development within the mosquito’s body and eventually will ap-
pear in the saliva. If perchance, after this stage is reached, the same
mosquito in its quest for food bites a healthy person, some of the

10

saliva containing the parasites is injected into him in the blood-suck-
ing process. The parasites then will attack the red blood corpuscles
ms that person and cause a series of changes which produce malarial
ever.

In biting, the
Anopheles is eas-
ily distinguished
from the other
species, for it
holds its body al-
most perpendic-
ular to the biting
surface (practic-
ally stands on
its head), as in
contrast to oth-

er mosquitoes
which hold the Fic. 13—Lire History or MatartaL Mosgurto
Compare with figures 1 and 6, noting position of larvae

y
SSX

NES =

body almost par-
allel to the skin surface in biting. The Anopheles breeds in clear,
clean water. It may find its way to maturity in a rain-barrel or tub or
along the grassy edge of a stream or pond. Breeding is continuous
from spring until fall, but is especially noted from mid-July to early
September.

Methods of Control

Since each group of mosquitoes is different in the places it seeks
for development, naturally the work of control also is divided into
distinct classes. All successful mosquito control work is directed
against the breeding place. In the
larval state, one can kill a thousand
mosquitoes with the same amount
of effort and expense that it costs
to kill one on the wing. Although
the same fundamental principles
underlie all anti-mosquito work,
each branch nevertheless presents
its own problem. Each one is here
discussed in turn.

On the Salt Marsh

The salt marshes of New Jersey
cover thousands of acres, and ac-
count for many millions of mos-
quitoes. After heavy rains, the
water from the surrounding up-
Sa eee lands settles on these marshes. Af-
(Anopheles Giaahimaculavis Say.) Kgs abnormal high tides, the water

brought up is not all drawn off on
Distinctivee marks: Palpi three-fourths the low tide, but remains in all the

as long as beak: No white bands: Four ‘
blackish spots on each wing. holes or depressions on the meadow

11

surface and soon becomes stagnant. Heavy mosquito breeding
follows. The problem, therefore, is to devise a drainage system that
will provide adequate outlets for the highland storm water and will be
so arranged that tide-water will circulate and change with the ebb and
flow of the tide and not remain pocketed on the marsh surface. This,
of course, is a problem in engineering, the solution of which is too
detailed to be more than outlined in a booklet of this nature.

Where the meadow
under consideration
| Des is an open one, fairly
high and not too re-
mote from its ulti-
mate outlet, a series
of ditches 10 inches
wide and 30 inches
deep is dug to pro-
vide channels, and
shallower spur ditch-
es are cut to reach
isolated pools and
holes. These ditches
are not designed to
run entirely dry; the

Fig. 15—(above). THE
RESULT OF DRAINAGE

Shallow salt-marsh
pool dried out by drain-
age, killing the mosqui-
to wrigglers.

Fic. 16—(to the right).
KILLIFISH—THE GREAT
NaTURAL ENEMY OF
THE Satt-MarsH Mos-
QUITO.

1—Male; 2—Female.

water changes with each tide and the killifish (a:natural enemy ot
mosquito larvae), enter upon the scene and devour such wrigglers as
occur in the ditches themselves. In some places, certain/ natural for-
mations make the standard 10-inch ditch impracti¢al and a 20-inch.
30-inch, or even wider ditch is used. if

Sometimes a salt marsh has been practically _ cut off 1 a. railroad
or highway and has settled to such an extent that gravity drainage
is not feasible, or sometimes the marsh is so low that good drainage —
cannot be obtained by means of ditches only. In such cases, the
area is completely shut off with dikes fitted with tide-gates. The
dike is practically a sea wall or small levee. The gates work auto-
matically. When the tide comes up, the gates close and when the
tide goes out, the gates open and release the water accumulated during

12!

ie i
Rome

the flood tide. In
this way all tide-wa-
ter is absolutely ex-
cluded from the mea-
dow, and it is then
necessary to provide
for surface and
storm drainage only.
If sufficiently rapid
drainage does not
follow this method,
an auxiliary pump
may be installed and
the water pumped
out. Filling also is

RAE be

Fic 17—Forpson Tractor ADAPTED To SALT- a means of ridding
MarsH DITCHING the salt marsh of

&
€
k
§
ty

Fic. 18—Tur Plow HANDLED BY THE TRACTOR,
THROWING Out THE Sops IN Two Ripsons

mosquito - breeding
places, but the cost of
filling large areas is
generally prohibitive
and the usual means
of control are ditch-
ing, diking and tide-
gating, and filling of
small areas, or large
areas when feasible.
The steps in salt-
marsh ditching are
shown on this page.
The method of dik-
ing and tide-gating
is shown on page 14. Fic. 19—A Comprerep Ditcn ty Atrantic County

13

On the Upland

On the upland, also, the chief problem is one of drainage. Here
we no longer have the tide action to take into consideration but mus?
depend solely on gravity. The elimination of the many large fresh-
water swamps is again an engineering problem. Systems must be
worked out providing sufficiently rapid outlets of the water to prevent
its standing and breeding mosquitoes. Open ditches ordinarily are

used, although tile
drains or filling is
recommended when
the expense is not
too great. Doing the
work with tile, or fill-
ing-in gives a more
permanent result and
does away to a large
extent with the ne-
cessity for future
maintenance. Over-

———— 7

Fic. 20—(Above). A
DIKE ON THE ESSEX
County MEapows

Fic. 21—(to the right)
A Time-GatTe at Low
Tit 1n BercEN County

grown ditches, grassy gutters, etc., should be thoroughly cleaned and
the edges cut sharp and clean to prevent mosquitoes from breeding.
It is astonishing how often places of this character are absolutely
neglected by the property owners and municipal authorities. Where
pools or ponds containing fish have become overgrown, the edges
should be thoroughly cleaned to allow the fish a chance to get at the
wrigglers. If fish are not present, the pools should be drained
or else stocked with fish. In temporary places, and in such perma-
nent places as corner catch-basins which cannot be drained or filled,.
oil or a larvicide is used. Oil forms a film on the water which cuts
off the air from the larva. In trying to get its breathing tube through
this oil film, the larva absorbs the oil and is killed. Larvacides per-
meate the water and have a poisonous effect on the larvae and pupae.

House-Mosquito Contro]

The methods of control outlined above are applicable where the
pipiens or Anopheles breed in pools, puddles. or running streams with

14

grassy banks. Where they are found breeding in rainbarrels, tubs,
tin cans, cesspools, cisterns, etc., the surest and safest means of eradi-
cation is to destroy the breeding place. If it is a barrel, dump it; if
a tub, overturn SUEY ui ohne :

it; if a tin can,
punch a hole in
the bottom of it;
if a cistern, COV- ga
er it tightly; if
a cesspool, clean
it out and screen

oe 2
wt eee.

it tightly; if a oe
corner sewer ll rae:
catch-basin, oil 7

it completely and

periodically at
intervals of not
morethan 10days
throughout the
breeding season.

Fic. 22—(above)
A Bap BREEDING.
PLACE IN UNION
Counry.

Fic. 23—(to the
left) THE Samp
LocaTIon FILLED
AND CONVERTED TO:
ButLptInc StTEs

~

Man complains most bitterly about the house mosquito and yer
man is clearly responsible by his own carelessness or indifference for
the existence of its many breeding places. Don’t breed mosquitoes
on your property. Remember that the ingrate mosquito will most
certainly bite the “hand that breeds it.”

Organizations for Control

A word should be added concerning the control organizations ar
work on this problem in New Jersey.

To the late Dr. John B. Smith, former State Entomologist, goes
the credit of demonstrating the practicability of mosquito extermina-
tion in New Jersey. Through his efforts the State Experiment Sta-
tion dug thousands of feet of ditches in different parts of the state
before the present county commissions were organized. Mosquito
extermination, of course, is a health measure and the sanitary code
of the State of New Jersey makes it a specific offense to cause or
maintain mosquito-breeding places. Most local boards of health

)<

also have passed ordinatices covering this subject. The State Legis
lature in 1912, however, decided that the county rather than the city or
borough was the most efficient control unit. Therefore, a state law
was passed providing for a mosquito extermination commission in
each county of the state. These commissions are appointed by the
Justice of the Supreme Court presiding over the courts of the county.
They are composed each of 6 men who serve without compensation.
They appoint a superintendent or chief engineer, who trains and
supervises inspectors and laboring gangs. The funds used are raised
in the regular county tax budget. The State Experiment Station
supervises and directs the work of these several county mosquito
commissions and the Director must approve all budgets before money
is appropriated and pass in general on all policies adopted. The
Experiment Station organizes mosquito work in counties or munici-
palities where it has not yet been taken up and contributes help to
others where state aid is necessary to maintain or encourage local
endeavor.

Ten counties in the state are now doing active anti-mosquito
work on a large scale. About a quarter of a million dollars a year
is being expended on this great project, and the results already at-
tained may be measured by the growth of suburban communities and
industrial centers, the continued influx of farmers to Jersey’s fertile
soil, and the general steady upward trend of tax ratables throughout
the state. The benefit to be derived by the people of the state when
it is successfully concluded is estimated in the billions. It will take
time, it will take money, but it must be done. The mosquito is the
greatest pest in the state. Other lesser pests have been stamped
out and now the ultimatum has heen issued: THE MOSQUITO
MUST GO.

Summary

In conclusion, the important facts about musquitoes may be summed
up briefly. All mosquitoes breed in water. They swim before they
fly. They do not breed in wet vines, trees or brush, but in water
only. To get rid of them all the breeding places must be discovered
and each treated effectively according to its needs. Mosquito contro)
has passed the experimental stage; it is here to stay. Just as
soon as people become educated to the point where they under-
stand the important facts about mosquitoes and mosquito breeding
just so soon will rapid strides be made toward the object
in view—a mosquitoless state !

The boys and girls of our schools, the future men and women ot
New Jersey, can help materially. Let them think what it really
means. Let them study the question. Let them get interested ir
it. Let them get their parents interested in it. Let them help those
who are trying to help them and see to it that they use their influence
and power to stamp the great mosquito pest out of the state

WAT WLOUNN LN
3 9088 01585 4243