SB
818
cSs76
ENT

Issued May 10, 1911.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY —CIRCULAR No. 138.
L. O. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau.

THE OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES
IN THE UNITED STATES.

(PRELIMINARY REPORT.)

BY

1H PHELLIPS; Pa. De:
In Charge of Bee Culture.

§8305°—11 WASHINGTON :? GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 191)

BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

L. O. Howarp, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau.
C. L. Maruatr, Entomologist and Acting Chief in Absence of Chief.
R. 8. Ciirron, Executive Assistant.
W. F. Tastet, Chief Clerk.

F, H. Cuirrenven, in charge of truck crop and stored product insect investigations.
A. D. Hopkins, in charge of forest insect investigations.

W. D. Hunter, in charge of southern field crop insect investigations.

F. M. Wesster, in charge of cereal and forage insect investigations.

A. L. Quarntance, in charge of deciduous fruit insect investigations.

E. F. Paiiuies, in charge of bee culture.

D. M. Rogers, in charge of preventing spread of moths, field work.
Rois P. Curris, in charge of editorial work.
Mase. Co.corp, librarian.

INVESTIGATIONS IN BEE CULTURE.
E. F. Paruies, in charge.

G. F. Wuirtes, J. A. NELSON, agents and experts.
A. H. McCray, apicultural assistant.
Peary H. Garrison, preparator.
H. A. Surracs, collaborator for Pennsylvania.
I
‘[Cir. 138]

i

CIRCULAR No. 138. Issued May 10, 191.

United States Department of Agriculture,

BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

L. O. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau.

THE OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.
(Preliminary Report. )
By E. F. Pariuies, Ph. D.,
In Charge of Bee Culture.

In conducting a campaign for the eradication or control of a pest it
is of the highest importance that information be obtained concerning
its location. For this reason one of the phases of the work on the
brood diseases of bees in the Bureau of Entomology has been to
learn where these diseases now occur in the United States. There has
never before been anopportunity for such work, and the extent of dis-
ease has been largely a matter of estimate and conjecture. It is obvious
that such data are of value not only in aiding present apiary inspec-
tion, but also in obtaining inspection where it is not now provided.
These data are also to be used in the distribution of bulletins and other
publications to the people who need them and. in numerous other ways.

The object of the present publication is to present the data on this
subject acquired by the bureau previous to March 1, 1911. It is not
claimed that the work has been completed, for this is obviously not
the case. The publication of this preliminary report is deemed
advisable, so that those interested in the control of the brood diseases
of bees may have an opportunity to make use of the present knowl-
edge of the subject. It is hoped that bee keepers who have additional
information will recognize the deficiencies of these records, and will
aid in making them more complete by sending to this bureau samples
of diseased brood for examination.

In asking bee keepers for data on the occurrence of these diseases
it is found that some are unwilling to let it be known that they have
disease in their apiaries. This, of course, should not be so, as it is
no particular disgrace to have disease appear in the apiary. The dis-
grace comes in allowing it to remain. In appreciation of this feeling,
however, the bureau makes it a policy not to announce the names of

[Cir. 138] 1

2 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATRS.

the men supplying the samples. The records are here made only by
counties, and it is believed that no bee keeper will consider this a
betrayal of confidence.

In making records it was necessary to consider a county as a unit.
It is impracticable for the bureau to work with units smaller than
counties. A county is recorded as containing. disease when the first
sample of diseased brood has been received from that county. In most
cases, however, several samples have been received from the counties
recorded as having disease present. A considerable experience in the
examination of infected apiaries indicates that it is usually safe to
assume that disease is more widespread than is recognized by even the
best bee keepers.

From the extent of the work it is obvious that most of these data
were obtained by correspondence. No claim is made that all of these
counties haye been visited. It did not seem advisable to accept
reports of the existence or nonexistence of disease, but to make
positive records only on the receipt of a sample of diseased brood for
examination. It frequently happens that letters are received stating
that no disease has ever occurred in the county when samples of dis-
eased brood have already been received in considerable numbers, and
in some cases after personal examination has shown disease to be prev-
alent. Furtherinore, an infectious disease is often mistaken for chilled
brood or so-called pickle brood, or vice versa. All samples recorded
as containing disease were diagnosed in the bacteriological laboratory
of the bureau. This work has been done by Dr. G. F. White, expert
in bacteriology, and Mr. A. H. McCray, apicultural assistant. ~ In all,
about 1,800 samples have been examined.

It seems advisable to list certain counties as ‘‘suspected.” From
these counties satisfactory samples have not been received. A county
is marked ‘*suspected” when the bureau is informed of the presence
of disease by an apiary inspector or by some beekeeper who is be-
lieved to be conversant with disease. The majority of such reports
from bee keepers have not been accepted as satisfactory evidence even
for marking a county ‘‘suspected.” In some cases such a record is
made ‘*suspected” if the result of an examination strongly suggests
the presence of disease, but is not conclusive. In no case is a county
marked as suspected merely because of its proximity to known disease.
If this were done the list would be greatly increased.

In case a bee keeper lives in one county and his post office is in
another the sample received may in some cases be attributed to the
wrong county. This source of error was not taken into consideration
in the earlier work, but now the bureau asks the sender of a sample to
give the town or township and county in which the apiary is located.
Another possibility for error is in the changes in county boundaries.

[Cir. 138]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES. 3

This is applicable especially in the Southern and Western States. Since
in most cases several samples have been received from each county
given as containing disease, it is believed that inaccuracies are few.
The total number of counties in each State is taken from the Postal
Guide of July, 1910.

For the information of bee keepers who may desire it, a brief state-
ment is made concerning the apiary inspection in each State, where it
is provided by law. Where possible, directions are given for reach-
ing the inspector. In other cases this bureau can usually give the
name of the present incumbent of the office. Copies of laws under
which they work can be obtained from the inspectors of apiaries of
the various States themselves.

The author desires to express his personal appreciation of the active
cooperation which has been received from many apiary inspectors and
experienced bee keepers in all parts of the country. Without such
cooperation the investigations of this bureau in bee culture could be
of but small value.

ALABAMA.

[67 counties. ]

}

No apiary inspection law.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
Lowndes.
Montgomery.

Suspected.
Baldwin.
Chambers.
Elmore.
Greene.
Tallapoosa.
Wilcox.

ARIZONA.
[13 counties. ]

No apiary inspection. In 1899 a law was passed providing for apiary inspection
to be supported by the beekeepers. For some time the Foul Brood Suppression
Association of Maricopa County assumed this work.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. |

Maricopa.
Yavapai.
[Cir. 138]

Suspect ed. |

4 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

No apiary inspection law.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
Chicot.

Jounty inspectors appointed by the county board of supervisors.
eral county ordinances in addition to the State law.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Colusa.
Fresno.
Inyo.
Kings.
Lassen.
Los Angeles.
Merced.
Riverside.
Sacramento.
San Bernardino.
San Diego.
Santa Barbara.
Tulare.
Ventura.
Suspected.

Butte.
Kern.
Madera.
Mariposa.
Monterey.
Orange.
San Benito.
San Joaquin.
San Luis Obispo.
Santa Clara.
Santa Cruz.
Siskiyou.
Stanislaus
Sutter.

Yolo.

[Cir. 138]

ARKANSAS.

[75 counties. ]

EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD,

Suspected.
Benton.
Franklin.
Phillips.
Washington.

CALIFORNIA.

[58 counties. |

Present.

There are sey-

EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Fresno.
Suspected.

Imperial.

Kings.

Los Angeles.

Tulare.

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES. 5

COLORADO.
[60 counties. ]

County inspectors appointed by the county courts on petition of five resident bee
keepers or on written application of the president or secretary of the State bee keep-
ers’ association.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Bent.
Boulder.
Delta.
Douglas.
La Plata.
Larimer.
Mesa.
Montezuma.
Montrose.
Otero.
Prowers.
Pueblo.
Weld.
Suspected.
Adams. |
Arapahoe. . |
Denver.
Garfield.
Grand.
Huerfano.
Jefferson.
Routt.

CONNECTICUT.
[8 counties.]

Inspection under the supervision of the State entomologist, Connecticut Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, New Haven.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. We: resent.

Litchfield. Fairfield.

New Haven. Hartford.
Suspected. Middlesex.

Fairfield. Tolland.

Middlesex. Windham.

Tolland.

Windham.

DELAWARE.

E 2 ; (8 counties. }
No apiary inspection law.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

No apiary inspection law.
[Cir. 138]

Gy OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

FLORIDA.

i 4 5 ; [47 counties. ] if
No apiary inspection law.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Escambia.
GEORGIA.

- ; : : [146 counties. ]
No apiary inspection law.

HAWAII.
[5 counties. ]
The board of commissioners of agriculture and forestry, Honolulu, has issued rules

and regulations pertaining to the importation and inspection of bees and honey in
accordance with a Territorial law.

IDAHO.
[23 counties. ]

The State horticultural inspector is ex officio State bee inspector.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Ada.
Bingham.
Canyon.
Fremont.
[Cir. 128]

a a oa a = ee

OCCURRENCE OF BRE DISEASES IN. THE UNITED STATES. vip

ILLINOIS.
[102 counties, |

No inspection under State supervision. The State bee keepers’ association receives
a grant allowing the appointment of an inspector of apiaries who can serve in an
advisory capacity only.

88305°—Cir. 1388—11——2

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present. Present.
Boone. Boone.
Bureau. Calhoun.
Carroll. Champaign.
Champaign. Clay.
Clay. Cook.
Cook. Crawford.
Dupage. Dekalb.
Edgar. Douglas.
Fayette. Fayette.
Greene. Grundy.
Grundy. Jackson.
Hancock. Jefferson.
Henry. Kankakee.
Kane. Lasalle.
Kankakee. McHenry.
Knox. Macon.
Lake. Madison.
Lasalle. Marion.
Livingston. Marshall.
Logan. Mason.
McLean. Montgomery.
Macon. Peoria.
Madison. Perry.
Peoria. Piatt.
Putnam. Rock Island.
Saint Clair. Stark.
Sangamon. Tazewell.
Schuyler. Will.
Stark. Williamson,
Whiteside. Suspected.
Will. Clinton.
Winnebago. Edgar.
Suspected. Fulton.
Adams. Jasper.
Bond. Jo Daviess.
Cass. Pike.
Dekalb. Vermilion.
Henderson.
Kendall.
Marshall.
Perry.
Pike.
Saline.
Stephenson.
White.

8 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

INDIANA.

[92 counties. ]

Inspection under the supervision of the State entomologist, Indianapolis.

AMERICAN FOUL

Present.
Allen.
Clinton.
Daviess.
Elkhart.
Grant.
Hamilton.
Jay.
Lake.
Marion.
Miami.
Newton.
Noble.
Porter.
Randolph.
Ripley.

Suspected.
Hancock.
Jefferson.
Rush.
Tippecanoe.
Vanderburg.
Warren.
Warrick.
Wayne.

[Cir. 138]

EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD,

| Present.
| Cass.
| Clay.
| Daviess.
Fulton.
Huntington.
| Jasper.
Jefferson.
Lake.
Laporte.
Miami.
Newton.
Pike.
Porter.
Spencer.
Starke.
Vigo.
Warrick.
| Suspected.
| Benton.
Carroll.
Grant.
Marshall.
Pulaski.
Vanderburg.
Warren.
White.

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

IOWA.

{99 counties. ]

3

An apiary inspection law has been passed but no appropriation was made and
consequently no inspection has been done.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
Allamakee.
Butler.
Carroll.
Clayton.
Clinton.

Des Moines.

Dickinson.
Fayette.
Fremont.
Hardin.
Linn.
Lyon.
Mills.

Pottawattamie.

Sac.

Story.

Woodbury.
Suspected.

Appanoose.

Buena Vista.

Cherokee.
Davis.
Ida.
Marshall.
Monona.
Monroe.

Montgomery.

Page.
Plymouth.
Polk.
Scott.
Sioux.
Taylor.
Van Buren.
[Cir. 138]

EUROPEAN FO

Present.
Guthrie.
Johnson.
Linn.
Muscatine.

Suspected.
Seott.

10 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

KANSAS.
[105 ccunties. }

Inspection under the supervision of the entomologists of the University of Kansas,
Lawrence, and of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. Present.

Crawford. Chase.
Douglas. |
Ford.
Jewell. |
Osborne.
Rice.
Shawnee.

Suspected.

Johnson.
Sumner.

KENTUCKY.
[119 counties.]
An apiary inspection law has been passed but no appropriation was made and con-
sequently no inspection has been done.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. | EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. | Present.

Boone. Barren.
Bracken. Bracken.
Campbell. Fayette.
Kenton. Hancock.
Pendleton. Logan.
McCracken.
Todd.
Trigg.
Suspected.
Bell.
Madison.
LOUISIANA.

[60 counties. }

No apiary inspection law.
MAINE.
[16 counties.]

No apiary inspection law.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. | Present.
Hancock. Penobscot.
Suspected.
Androscoggin.
Hancock.
Waldo.
{Cir. 138]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES. 11

MARYLAND.
[23 counties. ]
No apiary inspection law.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. | EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present. | Present.
Baltimore City. | Baltimore.
Garrett.
Suspected.
Allegany.

MASSACHUSETTS.

{14 counties. ]

Inspection under the supervision of the assistant professor of beekeeping, Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College, Amherst:

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. Present.
Bristol. Berkshire.
Hampden. Essex.
Middlesex. Hampden.
Norfolk. Middlesex.
Worcester. Suffolk.

Suspected. Worcester.
Essex. Suspected.
Franklin. Hampshire.
Plymouth. Plymouth.

[Cir. 138]

12 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

MICHIGAN.

[83 counties.'|

Inspection under the supervision of the dairy and food commissioner, Lansing,
Mich.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. | EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD,

Present. Present.
Allegan. Berrien.
Antrim. Cass.
Barry. Manistee.
Benzie. Mason.
Berrien. Newaygo.
Branch. Saint Joseph.
Calhoun. Sanilac.
Clinton. Van Buren.
Eaton. Suspected.
Genesee. Allegan.
Gratiot. Kalamazoo.
Hillsdale.
Ingham.
Tonia.
Isabella.
Jackson.
Kalamazoo.
Kent.
Lapeer.
Lenawee.
Livingston,
Macomb.
Mason.
Mecosta.
Missaukee.
Montcalm.
Muskegon.
Oakland.
Oceana.
Osceola.
Ottawa.
Saginaw.
Saint Clair.
Shiawassee.
Tuscola.
Van Buren.
Washtenaw.
Wayne. '
Suspected.
Charlevoix.
Grand Traverse.
Kalkaska.
Manistee.
Sanilac.

iThe lower peninsula, where all of the disease occurs, so far as known, contains 68 counties.
[ Cir. 138]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

MINNESOTA.
[85 counties. ]

Inspector appointed by the governor.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
Benton.
Dakota.
Fillmore.
Hennepin.
Ramsey.
Wabasha.

Suspected.
Goodhue.
Washington.

No apiary inspection law.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Waseca.
Suspected.
Blue Earth.

MISSISSIPPI.

{79 counties. ]

EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
Suspected. Washington.
Benton. Suspected.
Grenada.
MISSOURI.

[115 counties. ]

Inspector appointed by the State board of agriculture.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. Present.

Cape Girardeau. Dade.

Greene. Jasper.

Jackson. Lawrence.

Jasper. Saint Charles.

Schuyler. Saint Louis.

Scotland. Suspected.
Suspected. Barton.

Clark. Cedar.

Clay.

Jefferson.

Mississippi.

Nodaway.

Pike.

Saint Charles.

Saint Louis.

MONTANA.

No apiary inspection law.
[Cir. 138]

[28 counties. ]

13

14 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

NEBRASKA
[92 counties.]

County inspectors appointed by the governor.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. {

Present.
Adams.
Clay.
Douglas.
Fillmore.
Gage.
Garfield.
Greeley.
Hall.
Hamilton.
Lancaster.
Merrick.
Saline.
Saunders.
Seward.
York.

Suspected.
Butler.
Dakota.
Dixon.
Polk.
Scotts Biuff.

NEVADA.
[15 counties.]
No apiary inspection law.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Lyon.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.

[10 counties.]
No apiary inspection law.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
Rockingham.
[Cir. 138]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES. gs

NEW JERSEY.
{21 counties. |

Inspection under the supervision of the State entomologist, New Brunswick.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present. Present.
Burlington. Burlington.
Hunterdon. Hunterdon.
Mercer. Mercer.
Morris. Middlesex.
Suspected. Monmouth.
Gloucester. Morris.”
Middlesex. Ocean.
Salem. Union.
Warren.
Suspected.
Essex.

NEW MEXICO.
[26 counties. }

Precinct inspectors appointed by board of county commissioners on petition of five
resident bee keepers.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
San Juan.
[Cir. 138]

16 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

NEW YORK.
[61 counties. ]

Inspection under supervision of commissioner of agriculture, Albany, N. Y.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD, EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present. Present.
Allegany. Albany.
Broome. Broome.
Cattaraugus. Chemung.
Chautauqua. Columbia.
Chemung. Dutchess.
Chenango. Erie.
Columbia. . Fulton.
Cortland. Greene.
Delaware. Herkimer.
Genesee. | Jefferson.
Lewis. | Montgomery.
New York. Niagara.
Onondaga. Onondaga.
Schenectady. Oswego.
Steuben. Otsego.
Westchester. Rensselaer.
Suspected. Saratoga.
Jefferson Schenectady.
Oneida. Schoharie.
Rockland. Seneca.
Saint Lawrence. Suffolk.
Tioga. Tioga.
Tompkins. Tompkins.
Wyoming. Ulster.
Warren.
Washington.
Suspected.
Cayuga.
Delaware.
Lewis.
‘ Ontario.
Orange.

NORTH CAROLINA.

No apiary inspection law.

[98 counties. ]

NORTH DAKOTA.

No apairy inspection law.

[Cir. 138]

[46 counties. ]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES. iy

OHIO.
[88 counties.
Inspection under the supervision of the State entomologist, Columbus, Ohio,

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. Present.
Allen. - Aghland.
Athens. Ashtabula.
Auglaize.
Belmont.
Butler.
Champaign.
Cuyahoga.
Darke.
Defiance.
Delaware.
Franklin.
Hamilton.
Hardin.
Huron.
Marion.
Medina.
Miami.
Montgomery.
Ottawa.
Paulding.
Preble.
Seneca.
Union.
Van Wert.
Washington. |
Wayne.
Wood.

Suspected.
Carroll.
Clark.
Clinton.
Gallia.
Lucas.
Meigs.
Monroe.
Stark.
Tuscarawas.
[Cir. 138]

18. OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

OKLAHOMA.
[76 counties. ]
No apiary inspection law.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD,

Present.
Grant.
Kay.
Muskogee. |

OREGON.
[34 counties. ]

County inspectors appointed by the county court on petition of seven resident bee
keepers. The law applies only to counties east of the Cascade Mountains.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. |
Malheur.
Umatilla. |
Washington.
Yamhill.

[Cir. 138]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

PENNSYLVANIA.
(67 counties.]
No apiary inspection law.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. e Present.
Bedford. Bedford.
Bradford. Berks.
Bucks. Blair.
Butler. Bradford.
Cambria. Bucks.
Center. Cambria.
Chester. Center.
Delaware. Clarion.
Elk. Clearfield.
Indiana. Clinton.
McKean. Columbia.
Montgomery. Crawford.
Northumberland. Erie.
Potter. Huntingdon.
Union. Jefferson.
Washington. Lackawanna.
Wayne. Lawrence.
Suspected. Luzerne.
Berks. Lycoming.
Philadelphia. Mercer.
Westmoreland. Monroe.
Wyoming. Northumberland.
Philadelphia.
Schuylkill.
Susquehanna.
Venango.
Wayne.
Wyoming.
Suspected.
Adams.
Butler.
Carbon.
Chester.
Cumberland.
Franklin.
Fulton.
Lehigh.
Montour.
Perry.
Somerset.
Sullivan.
Tioga.
Westmoreland.

* [Cir. 188]

20 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

RHODE ISLAND.
[5 counties.]
Inspection under the supervision of the State board of agriculture.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
[48 counties. ]
No apiary inspection law.
SOUTH DAKOTA

[66 counties. ]

District inspectors appointed by the governor.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. |

Present.

Butte.

Clay.

Lawrence.

Yankton.
Suspected.

Bonhomme.

Hutchinson.

Lincoln.

Turner.

Union.

TENNESSEE.
[96 counties.]
No apiary inspection law.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. | EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. Present.
Roane. | Shelby.
[Cir. 1388]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES. pall

TEXAS.
[244 counties. }

Inspection under supervision of State entomologist, College Station,

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.

Present.
Bexar.
Denton.
Ellis.
Frio.
Gonzales.
Limestone.
Navarro. |
Uvalde.
Wilson.
Zavalla.

Suspected.
Bee.
Bosque.
Concho.
Coryell.
Delta.
Dallas.
Fannin.
Hayes.
Hunt.
Kaufman.
Live Oak.
McLennan.
Medina.
San Patricio.
Tarrant.

UTAH.
27 counties. ]

County inspectors appointed by county commissioners on petition of five resident
bee keepers.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD,

Present.
Emery.
Salt Lake.
Sanpete.
Sevier.
Utah.
Weber.

Suspected.
Carbon. |

[Cir. 138]

29 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

VERMONT.
[14 counties.]

Inspection under the supervision of the commissioner of agriculture.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.

Present. Present.
Caledonia. | Bennington.
Grand Isle.
| Suspected.
Rutland.
Addison.

VIRGINIA.

o} Ss.
No apiary inspection law. ey Bese
EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Frederick.
| Highland.
Rockbridge.
Shenandoah.

WASHINGTON.
[88 counties. ]

Former law providing for inspection repealed.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. | EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present. Suspected.
King. Lewis.
Yakima. | Thurston.

WEST VIRGINIA.

[55 counties.)
No apiary inspection law.
AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. | EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present. Present.
Brooke. Hampshire.
Jefferson.
Randolph.
Suspected.
Monongalia.
[Cir. 138]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES. 23

WISCONSIN.

[71 counties. ]
Inspector appointed by governor.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD.
Present. Present.
Crawford. | Columbia.
Dane.
Dodge.
Eau Claire.
Fond du Lae.
La Crosse.
Marathon.
Milwaukee.
Rock.
Suspected.
Clark.
Juneau.
Kewaunee.
Ozaukee.
Pierce.
Washington.
Waukesha.
Waushara
Winnebago.

WYOMING.
[14 counties. ]
No apiary inspection law.

AMERICAN FOUL BROOD.
Present.
Bighorn.

EXAMINATIONS OF SAMPLES OF DISEASED BROOD.

The Bureau of Entomology is prepared to assist in the diagnosis of
disease in cases where the bee keeper is unable to tell whether or not
disease is present or to determine which disease is in hisapiary. Sam-
ples of brood comb about 5 inches square containing diseased or dead
larve should be sent by mail in a strong wooden or tin box. The
comb should not be wrapped in paper or cotton, but should be cut to
fit the box closely. It is not possible to diagnose from empty combs,
and no honey should be included in the sample, as it is valueless in
diagnosis and will probably spoil the sample as well as other mail mat-
ter. The name of the sender must always appear on the package, and
any available data should be sent in a separate letter. Never inclose
a letter in the box with the sample.

During the summer of 1911 the bureau will on request’ send boxes
in which samples may be mailed to bee keepers in counties not listed
as containing disease,

[Cir. 138]

24 OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ON BEE
DISEASES.

There are several other publications of the Bureau of Entomology
of this department which deal with bee diseases. They may be ob-
tained on request to the Editor and Chief of the Division of Publica-
tions, Department of Agriculture, and are the following:

Farmers’ Bulletin No. 442, ‘‘The Treatment of Bee Diseases.’”’ By E. F. Phillips,
Ph.D. 1911. 22 pp., 7 figs.
This publication gives briefly the symptoms of the various bee diseases, with directions for
treatment.
Circular No. 94, ‘‘The Cause of American Foul Brood.’” By G. F. White, Ph. D.
1907. 4 pp.
This publication contains a brief account of the investigations which demonstrated for the
first time the cause of one of the brood diseases of bees, American foul brood.
Bulletin No. 70, ‘‘ Report of the Meeting of Inspectors of Apiaries, San Antonio, Tex.,
November 12, 1906.’’ 1907. 79 pp., 1 pl.
Contains an account of the history of bee-disease investigations, the relationship of bacteria

to bee diseases, and a discussion of treatment by various inspectors of apiaries and other prac-
tical bee keepers who are familiar with diseases of bees.

Bulletin No. 75, Part II, ‘‘ Wax Moths and American Foul Brood.’”’ By E. F. Phil-
lips, Ph. D. 1907. Pp. 19-22, 3 pls.
An account of the behavior of the two species of wax moths on combs containing American
foul brood, showing that moths do not clean up the disease-carrying scales.

Bulletin No. 75, Part III, ‘‘ Bee Diseases in Massachusetts.’’ By Burton N. Gates.
1908. Pp. 23-32, map.
An account of the distribution of the brood diseases of bees in the State, with brief directions
for controlling them. é
Bulletin No. 75, Part IV, ‘‘The Relation of the Etiology (Cause) of Bee Diseases to
the Treatment.”? By G. F. White, Ph. D. 1908. Pp. 33-42.

The necessity for a knowledge of the cause of bee diseases before rational treatment is possi-
ble is pointed out. The present state of knowledge of the causes of disease is summarized.

Bulletin No. 98, ‘‘ Historical Notes on the Causes of Bee Diseases.’’ By E. F. Phil-
lips, Ph. D., and G. F. White, Ph. D., M. D. (In press.)
A summary of the various investigations concerning the etiology (cause) of bee diseases,
Technical Series No. 14, ‘‘The Bacteria of the Apiary, with Special Reference to Bee
Diseases.”?’ By G. F. White, Ph. D. 1906. 50 pp.

A study of the bacteria present in both the healthy and the diseased colony, with special
reference to the diseases of bees.

[Cir. 138]

OCCURRENCE OF BEE DISEASES IN

Table showing the prevalence of brood diseases in the United States.

State.

THE UNITED STATES.

Number of counties—

In State.

Containing American foul brood.
Containing European foul brood.

ontaining disease.

C

| Where disease is suspected.1

|

Where American foul brood is suspected,

AAPA DAO VERDL ous | aes ae OE ORE a Sf a ee een eee
Je MOLSETOR OVS co eer RES © to iy ag en ee a
(CAIRO TH DUETS ee et ee ee a ene ee a
BO LOTAG 0 meee rahe Sia niaiete a teiaie =a.2ie nia \e,0 olctajnieinere bases 'sceesrs
WonnechiGuies ec eee s ele ses Eo aercletya ss sape's aotanie steak eam
WIETAWAN Ole meee se ienastanc aida aecseoaeosoec sis Bee SEAN
District of Columbia

TRSUIRCI) Onn SCRAPES Ow ane Sa = eee en i ee epee

TLGTEN SIE Es See ne 6 eae ee eee cee
MIGWAS jacc ociiedesee 6H BOC ae neers ees
NUTRIENT |e a 8 8 5 Sta ae ee te
Massachusetts
Miehirames sos: 50222

VIMEO R( Die ene nan wn oat eee acute wale e's
WERRSIRSIITS a Menem ee ci ae cs) sicP asia cic ctnceslec cue scala
Wi DES UTI S Je 8 Senet C OEE Ott cen ORE eae ee noe See eee ,
WEORUETIEL QubcSo ape aeneo cap OGe oe CECE DOOUF ROE CSO SEEe
INGOTS SRA eT aE SO eso Oe SES BE Re Ree SA ne SE
IN OVO) Sake JSue a een ae en eT eS A ee ect
INGiwpERE ISIN Cer an ie aa rine wee pee ee ele nena avis sine
IME? IBIS, Se HGAe a Sane HOMO S Ee OBBn: Het EES aaa OnemOCr hare
INTaN INTE O) eee as BCS COE SCTE Same
IN Gab Ol Rartoe eit se see x a crean a seach ss clbinie osteecjecce eee

INVOR ia LO) OT be SER Ae Be ae a en ES AAAI
(DOO) 2 Sea Me See Ne BO reece ere ee Seas
Oklahoma
Orepontessee-sccesee tenes == seas
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Sey. COP 70) Te as ee ee ee ere
BOUUH ED RICOEN satan ce satis arn = a es oe eae amen in aioe oii eee
FRETIMESSEO IS che oto saue es cece eiccwine seacre Be Welsnincinernes

Vii i 6 shee cls ade e soagen dae ne sono aenA pa soerec oF

Wasim etOnisaaccnsnese cin, ce oes = ate ee acta ow ern teem
AVES Tm Ven PUNT Aina seen nes Oe ener alas ince ee ere area cate
RVAIBCONSID ce ete secs comet at wee tele a imn ea onin alone ears
RVI TNA eran eee a et fan ems ae cts trate n cles ci aeisjela ecient = a

2 2 0 6
0 0 0 2
1 | 1 0 4
14 14 1 16
13 13 0 8
7 2 5 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
4 4 0 0
48 32 29 14
27 15 17 11
20 17 16
8 7 2
12
0
2
3

Cs
w

_

i
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ow
RFPORNEWAOCON KR OCODRWOOCONF OR HOO! e100

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to

to

t
KONO AOR ROC UNPWHIOOCMRP LEH NOMDOCA®OUHKHOM

2
a
to
—

ry
i

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SCORPNWONHRTOOUNSCOCNOOCHCCONOCWOOCTHOONWRWHNOd

—

416 | 294 | 16 | 175
|

ran

fe
CSCHOOCSCOMPMNOUNSCSHR OOO SCSMCWOSCMUSCBDENUIWNOSCSCONMDNOCOCOCCOCKANONS

_

_

ra
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—)

| Where European foul brood is suspected.

_
SCOFPNMONOSCOSCOSOSRSCOSOCSOSOMNOSRPSSSON EEN NMR WON SCH mMAICOOCOOCSSCORFK OCS

|

tor)
ow

1 When one disease is present and the other is suspected in a county, that county is not included in

this column.

2The lower peninsula, where all of the disease occurs so far as known, contains 68 counties.

(Cir. 138]

O

WANN
3 9088 01272 8085