i
6
3

G
Ps
ce

:
A

m

Hina
seer aetet

Ss

: Oo poel. He.
BER

aa a
fs EB

CLAVIS ANGLICA
LINGUA BOTANICA;

O-R A

BOTANICAL
LEXICON;

IN WHICH

The Terms of Borany, particularly
thofe occurring in the Works of
, Linna@us, and other modern
» Writers;
ARE
APPLIED, DERIVED, EXPLAINED,
CONTRASTED, and EXEMPLIFIED.

' é

1 Kr NGS IVs. 53.
Waba awy msm ovyyordy sa?)
“ypa NY? WR AUNT Ey,
: = a
LAO M.D, .0.Ni (Bi oe baw,
: Printed for the AuTHOR. Ghia 8 4\5 4
Sold by T. Becket, and A. pe Honor, in the Sie s
and Mefl. Hawts, Crarke, and Co.tuins, Pas
Pater-nofter-row.

MDC. ly Xx.

T Qo
JOHN HOPE, M.D.

Fellow of the Royat CoLiecs
of Puysicrans, and ProFrgessor
of Borany and Mepicine in
the Univerfity of Edinburgh.

td.

® F I have made any progrefs in the
| ufeful and amufing ftudy of Bo-
tany, it muft be chiefly attributed
to the inftruétion which I imbibed
from your lectures ; to whom there-
fore, could I, with equal propriety,
infcribe this volume, as to him, who,
in reality, is the caufe of its exift-
ence?

a2 CoMMONLY

vs DEDTC AT? Oct

CommMon-y the defign of an au-
thor, in his dedication, is to exhibit
to the world a flattering portrait of
his patron: acuftom proceeding pro-
bably from a perfuafion, that man-
kind in general are delighted paith
praife, and mot offended by adulation ;
or from a fuppofition, that the virtues,
real or imaginary, of the perfonage,
under whofe aufpices the author ap-
pears, will reflect fome luftre on him-
felf. Whatfoever may be his motive,
he is certainly miftaken in the effe& ;
by afcribing fuch fuperlative excel-
lence to humanity, he exceeds the li-
mits of human nature, and, inftead
of a juft refemblance, prefents us with
a perfect moniter. The natural con-
fequence, however, of this prevalent
cuftom i is, that mankind are taught to

regard

DEDICATION. vw

regard the praife of a dedication as
mere words of courfe, which cannat
therefore in any degree exalt their
ideas either of the auther or his pa-

tron.

Turse confiderations are fufficient
to overpower my inclination to expa-
tiate, as with truth I might, on your
improvement of the fcience of Bo-
tany in this univerfity, and on what
may be ftill expected from your
knowledge, affiduity, and inclination :
with regard particularly to the laft,
the gold medal, with which you are
pleafed annually to reward the ftudent
who prefents the beft hortus ficcus, is
a better teftimony than any thing I
could fay upon the fubjec.

SINCE

vi DEDICATIOA&R.

Since the general admiffion of the
Linnean fyftem, an explanation of
botanical terms, in the form of a dic-
tionary, feems to have been univerfal-
ly defired: it is therefore wonderful
that none of our noted Botanifts fhould
hitherto have obliged us in this parti-
cular. For'want of fuch a work, a
Profeflor of Botany is under a necef-
fity of devoting a confiderable part of
his courfe to the mere explanation of
words; a part which is certainly the
leaft agreeable to himfelf, and leaft
entertaining to his pupils: if this Le-
xicon fhould be found, in any degree,
to fuperfede that neceffity, I fthall
think myfelf fufficiently rewarded for
my labour.

DEDICATION. vii

I wis it had been in my power to
have rendered it lefs imperfect, and
confequently lefs unworthy your ac-
ceptance ; but my prefent indifpen~
fable application to a ftudy of which
Botany is but a branch, obliged me
to finifh the work in lefs time than
I could have wifhed; neverthelefs,
I flatter myfelf that you will not find
many material omiffions, or capital
miftakes.

Your permiffion to prefix your
name to this epiftle, is a proof that
you think the book may be of fome
utility, which cannot fail to fecure
me a favourable reception from the
public; for this permiffion therefore,
I thank you moft fincerely, and in

the

vii DEDICATION:

the flattering perfuafion that you will
continue to honour me with your
friendfhip, beg leave to fubfcribe
myfelf;

Your méft obedient;

and bumble Jervvane;

Edinburgh, t
jan. 1. 1764.

Joun BERKENHOUT:

PPR ORE AOE

Hen I began the ftudy of Botany,

T could not help lamenting the

want of an ample explanation of botani-
cal terms, arranged and digefted in fome
fuch manner as in the volume which I
herewith prefume to offer to the public,
as it was eafy to conceive that fuch an af-
fiftant would greatly facilitate the ftudy
in which I had engaged. 1 fought in vain
among the numerous tribe of our techni-
cal dictionaries for an explanation of a
language, which, in a great meafure, owes
its exiftence to Linneus, the father of
modern Botany. That diftinguifhed na-"
turalift has, indeed, favoured us with a
Latin explanation of many of his terms in
his Philofopbia Botanica, but, fince the pu-
blication of that work, he has added a very

confiderable number of words, ufed in a
b fenfe

x PORE OF Aa

fenfe peculiar to himfelf, which remain
hitherto unexplained. Part of the Pd-
lofopbia Botanica has been tranflated into
Englifh, under the title of an Tutroduétion
to Botany; but that tranflation is lefs
ufeful than it might have been, if the
tranflator had not given himfelf the trou-
ble to anglicife (if I may be allowed the
expreffion) the terms themfelves; a very
ufelefs attempt, as there is hardly a fingle
botanical book, of any repute, in the Enge-
lifh language; Latin is the eftablithed
language of Botany in all nations.

THERE is perhaps no circumftance
which would be of greater advantage to
the fcience of Botany in particular, than
that of fixing an abfolute fignification to
all its terms : this is hardly to be expected
in a firft attempt 5 but there is a poffibi-
lity that fuch an attempt may become the
foundation of a more perfect fuperftruc-
Say af ture.

Pik? EF? Ae GE: xi

ture. With this view I take the liberty to
requeit of the more experienced botanitts,
that where-ever they find me to have erred
in the explanation of a term, they will
pleafe to communicate their correction in
a line, directed for me, to the care of the
publifhers; and, how difpleafed foever
mankind in general may be when fhewn
their errours, in this particular inftance
T affure them, that I fhall very fincerely
acknowledge the obligation. There are
fome few words, the precife meaning of
which, Lown, I do not comprehend; as for
example, Acutum & Obtufum, applied to
Perianthium. Of thefe, efpecially the firft,
the reader may find repeated examples in
the clafs Pentandria, in the Genera Planta-
rum: concerning thefe in particular, I
fhould be glad to be better informed. If
_ they do not refer to the fhape of the Calyx
before the expanfion of the flower, I fee

no

ii. POR EA Fr Ar OF ER
no meaning in them at all; and yet there
are fome objections to this explication.

I cannot, in juttice, neglect to acknow-
ledge my obligation to my worthy friend
Mr Arruur Lee *, for his kind affift-
ance; a gentleman who will be a fingular
credit to this univerfity, and a bleffing to
to that country in which he fhall hereafter
practife the healing art.

Tue reader will eafily do me the juftice
to believe, that vanity could have no in-
fluence in perfuading me to the publica-
tion of a work, the compofition of which
required neither genius nor learning. —

* A native of Virginia; he obtained Dr Hore’s
prize-medal, for the beft hortus ficcus in the year
1763.

CLAVIS

FASE ROSNER FOR,
POMOC COC 8}
bX ah FON t Egiyaoe Med
ath rant Vrantt Ces Rear Ceanth

SAVVIS “AN GLICA

LINGUZ BOTANICA.

BBREVIATUM Perianthium, when

A the Perianthium is fhorter than the tube

of the Corolla, oppofed to Loxgum ;
exemplified in the Pulmonaria maritima.

ABORTIENS Fils, a term ufed by former
botanifts ; Steriiis of Tournefort ; AZa/culus of
Linnzus ; Paleaceus of Ray. See Mafculus, By -
Abortiens, Sterilis, &c. former botanifts meant
fuch flowers as produced no fruit. Linnzus,
finding this to be generally owing to their being
male flowers, changed the term to mafculus ;
but in the clafs Dzoecia it will often be the cafe
svith female flowers, if they have no male near.
See Phil. Tranf. val. 47. p. 169.

ABRUPTUM Folum pinnatum [ex abrum-

A por,

AC

por, to’ be broken] terminatum neque cirrho, ne-
que foliolo; ending abruptly withaut either ten-
dvil or leaf,

ACAULIS Herba [3 priv. & caulis] without
ftem, oppofed to Caulefcens,

ACEROSUM Folium [ex acus, chaff ] off l-
neare perfifiex:, linear and perfifting ; furround-
ed at the bafe by chaffy /guame, as in the Pi-
nus, Abies, Funiperus, Taxus,

ACICULARIS [ab acicula, a pin, or fmall
needle] fmail and iharp pointed. The trivial
name of a {pecics of a. Scirpus.

ACINACIFORME [acinaces, a Perfian {cy-
mitar] effccmpreffum carnofum, altero margine con-
vexo angufto, aitera reciiore craffiore, “This term

implies fubftance, one edge of the leaf being

convex and fharp, and the. other rather
firaighter and thicker, as in the Méefembryan-
themum acinaciforme.

ACINI , the {mall berries which compofe a

' mulberry, the berry of the bramble, &e,

ACOTYLEDONES [a priv. & Cotyl.] A
term of Flacentation, applied to thofe plants —
whofe —

AC

whofé feeds have no Cotyledons, as in, the
Mufci, See Cotyleden,

ACULEI [ab ’Axs, cu/pis, a point] prickles ;
a fpecies of /rma on the furface of fome plants
given them for their defence againft certain ani-*
mals, as in the Volkamerie,. Pifonia, Hugonia,i
Gafalpina, Mimofa, Parkinfonia, &c. Aculei:
are either reéfi, incurvi, or recurvi, and are
fixed only in the rind, fo as to be feparable
from the plant without tearing its fubftance.’

ACULEATUS Caulis, Folium [ab aculeus, a
fting} befet with ftiff, fharp prickles ; between
hifpidus and fpinofus: cum acumina pungentia 11,
gida occupant difcum : furnifhed with Aculer,
whigh fee.

ACUMINATUM Folium [ab acuo, to fharp-
en] terminating in a long tapering point, quod
terminatur in apice fubslate.

Acuminatus Calyx, as in the. Itea.

ACUTUM Folium [acuo, to whet], quod termi
natur angulo acuto, fays Linnzus, 7. e. termina-
ting in an acute angle, different from acumina-
tum, in not running out into a fubulated point.
Acutum Perianthium, asin the Primula, An-

adroface, Daétylis, Conocarpus, Campanula, &c.
A 2 AD-

ho DA
ADNATUM Folium [ad, & nafcor, to be born,

to grow] growing clofe to the ftem. | conceive
no difference between this term and Adpreffum,
unlefs it implies adhefion.

Adnate Stipule, growing clofe to the plant,
oppofed to Solute ; exemplified in the Rofa,
Rubus, \Potentilla, Comarum, Melianthus.

Adnatus Stylus, adhering to the Corolla, as in
the Canna,

ADPRESSA Folia [ad, to, & preffus, prefled]
the difk of the leaves approaching the ftem fo
as almoft to touch it; dum difcus folii approxima-
tur caull, fays Linnzus, in his explanation ; but
the word itfelf properly implies being preffed
clofe to the ftem.

ADSCENDENS Caulis ; afcending, 7. ¢.
growing firft in a horizontal dire&tion, and
‘then gradually curving upwards.

ADVERSUM Foltum ; quod latus meridiet ob-
vertit, turned towards the fouth, as are thofe
of the Amomum.

ADULTERINUS, baftard, as Acorus adulte-
rinus, baftard Acorus, the Iris pfeudacorus fo
called by Bauhinus < fynon. with P/eudo.

pt EQUA.

AG
FEQUALIS Polygamia, equal, The firft

order in the clafs Syngenefia of Linnzus, con-
fitting of thofe plants in the compofition of
whofe flowers all the flofeult are hermaphre-
dite.

Aqualis Corolla, equal; 7. ¢. where the parts
are equal as to figure, magnitude, and propor-
tion, as in the Primula, Limo/fella.

#qualis Calyx, as in the Utricularia,

AGGREGATUS Fibs, [aggrege, to affem-
ble.] Flowers are called Aggregate, when, by
means of fome part of the fructification, many
Flofeuli are fo united that none of them could
be taken away without deftroying the uniformi-
ty of the whole. The part which in aggregate
flowers is Common to the whole, is either the
Receptaculum ox Calyx, Aggregate flowers are
principally divided into feven kinds, viz. Uny-
bellatus, Cymofus, Compofitus, Aggregatus proper-
dy fo called, Amentaceus, Glumofus, Spadiccus.
Aggregatus Flos, properly fo called, is that
which has a dilated Receptaculum, with Flofcul:
ftanding on Pedunculi. For Aggregata Radix,
fee Granulata.

Aggregate frellares Pubefcentiz, a {pecies of
fetaceous pubefcence, on the furface of fome
plants, in which the larger /felle produce fmal-

ler

¥

AL

Jer ones on the afex of cach feta, asin the 4-
lyffum, Heleres.

Aggregate, an order of plants in the Frag:
menta method! naturalis of Linnzus, containing
thefe genera, viz. Statice, Protea, Leucadendras,
Hebenfiretia, Brunia, Cephalanthus, &c.

ALA, a wing ; the two lateral petala of a’
papilionaceous corella ; alfo a membrane fixed
to fome fpecies of feeds by which they fly and
difperfe. Ufed by former botanifts to exprefs
the angle formed by the {tem and branch or
leaf. See Axillare.

ALARIS Pedunruius,[.4lo]. See. frilloris,

ALATUS Petéolus [ala,.a wing] winged ; not
linear, but f{preading to each fide with little
membranous wings, as in Aurantiym, and He-
dyfarum.

ALBA Laéefcentia, white, as in the Eu--
phorbia, Papaver, Ajclipias, Apocynum, Cynanchum,
Campanula, & Semifiofculofi of Tournefort.

ALBURNUM {albes, white] The white
fubftance which lies between the inner bark
and the wood, in trees ; called by fome Adeps
arbsrum : it is clofely conneéted with the Liber,

and

AL

and to be feparated from it with difficulty,

ALG, one of the feven families, or
tribes, in the vegetable kingdom, defined by
Linnzeus to be-fuch.as have their root, leaves,
and ¢audex all in 6ne, comprehending fea-
weeds, and fome other aquatic . plants, In
Tournefort they conftitute the fecond genus
of the 2d fection of clafs xvii: and are divided
into nine fpecies. In the Sy/fema Nature of
Linneus they. conftitute the rhird order in the
clafs Cryptogamia, are divided into terre/ires, and
aquatice, the firft comprehending bie genera,
and the latter fix.

Alse, an order of plants in the FPragmenta me>

- thodi naturalis of Linneus..

ALTERNATIVE fetiolares Gemme (for al-
terna) alternate ; as in the Salix, Spirea, Geni-
Jia, Solanum, Ilix, “Fuglans, &c.

Alternative ftipulacee Gemme, as in the Popu-
lus, Tilia, Ulmus, Quercus &e.

Alternative ftipulaceo:petiolares Gemma, as in
the Sorbus, Crataegus, Prunus, &c.

ALTERNI Rami, Folia; alternate branehes,
leaves, &c. oppofed to oppofiti ; growing not
oppofite to each other, cum unum po/? alterum
tanquam per gradus exit.

AMEN-

AM
AMENTACEE [4mentum] An order of

plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin-
nus, containing the following genera, viz.
Piftacia, Myrica, Alnus, Betula, Salix, Populus;
Platanus, Carpinus, Corylus, Fuglans, Quercus,
Fagus.

Amentaceus Flos, an aggregate flower having a
receptaculum filiforme with amentaceous {cales,

AMENTUM [ab aupe, vinculum, a bond
or thong] the Calyx fo called, when, proceed-
ing from a common receptacle, it is alternate-
jy mixed with the flowers, fomewhat like the

‘chaff in an ear of corn. Linneus defines it
py the compound word paleaceo-gemmaceo. It is
termed by former botanifts a Fulus, and in
Englifh a Cathkin. It occurs frequently in the
elafs Monoecia. It is the Nucamentum, and Ca-
tulus of fome writers.

\

AMPLEXICAULE Folium [ampleétor, ta
embrace, and caulis, a tem] fi bafs folii undi-
gue ambiat latera caulis tranfverfim, the bafis of
the leaf entirely furrounding the ftem tranf-
verfely. Diftinguifhed from Vaginaus by the
word tranfverfim : exemplified in the Potamoge-
ton perfoliatum, Vexbafcum blattaria, Hyofcyamus

niger.

AN-

AN

ANGEPS Caulis, two-edzed ; forming two op-
pofite acute angles, of which the Si/yrinchium is
anexample. “The Anceps may have many more
angles, but then they will be all obtufe, except
the two oppofite ones which conftitute the an-
ceps. When applied to a leaf, it implies fub-
ftance, and fignifies its having two oppofite
longitudinal angles with a convex difk.

ANDROGYNA Planta [ex avig, vir, a
man, & yu», mulier, A woman] fuch plants as
bear both male and female flowers on the fame
root, as in the clafs Monoecia.

ANGULATUS 3—10 Caulis: angulated,
oppofed to teres, femiteres, compreffus, &c.

ANGUSTIFOLIA [angu/tus, narrow, & fa-

lium, a leaf]. Narrow leaved.

ANGYOSPERMIA [ayfe, vas, a veffel].
The fecond order in the clafs Didynamia of
Linnzus: it confifts of thofe plants, of that
clafs, whofe feeds are inclofed in a Pericarpium.
In this order the ftigma is generally obtufe.
Thefe are the Perfonati of Tournefort.

ANNUA Radix, [ab annus, a year] an an-
nual root ; that which lives but one year.
B : ANOMAL/E

AP
ANOMALE Gemme [ex a priv. & ouaars,

@qualis] irregular, as in the Abies, Pinus,
Taxus, &c. oppofed to Oppofitive, and Alterna-

tive.

ANTHERA [from ave, fos, a flower]
that part of the Stamen which is fixed on the
top of the Filamentum, within the Corolla; it
contains the Pollen, or fine duft, which, when
mature, it emits for the impregnation of the
plant, according to Linnzus. Authere are ei-
ther diftinéte, connate; loculi, or apertura.
The Apex of Ray, Tournef. & Rivin. Cap/ula
fiaminis, of Malpigh.

APERTURA, an aperture; the minute
opening in fome {pecies of Anthere.

APETALUS Flos [a, priv. & petalum]. Ha-
ving no corolla. Stamineus, Ray; Incompletus,
Vaillant; Imperfecius, & Capillaceus, other Bo-
tanifts: exemplified in the Lepidium ruderale,

APEX Folit [ditt. ab apzendo, i. e. ligando]
the top or fummit ; the upper extremity of the
leaf oppofite to the bafs. A leaf, refpecting
its apex, may be truncatum, premorfum, retufum,
emarginatum, obtufum, acuium, acuminatum, or
cirrbofum.

APHYLLUS:

AR

APHYLLUS Caulis; [from a, and varo»
falium, a leaf} deftitute of leaves,

APOPHYSIS [ab «xo, & ovo, nafcor, to grow
from] an excrefcence from the Receptaculum of
the Mufci : it is marginata in the Sphagnum.

APPENDICULATUS Petiolus [appendicula,
dim. ab appendix, a little appendage] hanging at
the extremity of the ftem.

APPROXIMATA Folia; leaves growing
near each other, oppofed to Remota.

ARBOR, a tree. Trees are by Linnzus
claffed in the feventh family of the vegetable
kingdom, and are diftinguifhed from fhrubs in
that their ftems come up with buds on them:
but this diftinétion holds not univerfally, there
being rarely any buds on the large trees in In-
dia. According to Ludwig, Arbor eff planta
que truncum fimplicem et lignofum babet.

ARBOREUS Caulis [ Arbor, a tree] fimple,
ligneous, and continuing ; oppofed to frutico/us,
fuffruticafus, & herbaceus.

(

- ARBUSTIVA [4rbuflum, a copfe of fhrubs,
or trees; an orchard, a vineyard]. An order
B 2 of

AR

of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of
Linnzus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Phila-

delphus, Eugenia, Pfidium, Myrtus, Caryophyllus.

ARCUATUM degumen [ab arcus, the curva-
ture of an arch or of a bow-ftick] curved, as
in the Oraithopus perpufillum.

ARECTUM Folium. See Ereétum.

ARILLUS, the proper exterior coat of a feed
which falls off fpontaneoufly : it is exemplified
in Coffea, ‘fafminum, Cynogloffum, Cucumis, Dr-
Gtamnus, Diofma, Celafirus, Euonymus, The A-

rillus is either cartilagineus, or fucculentus.

ARISTA [ab ereo, to be dry or parched]
the beard of corn, or grafs ifiuing from a glu-
ma.

ARISTATA Gluma [Arifia] having an a-
vifia, oppofed to mutica.

ARMA, arms, weapons; one of the feven
kinds of Fulra of plants, according to Lin-
nus, intended by nature to fecure them a-.
gainft external injury: its fpecies are, Aculei,
Furca, Spine, Stimuli,

AR-

AS
ARTICULATUS Caulis, Culmus; having

knots or joints.

Articulata Radix, a jointed root, as in La-
threa, Oxalis, Martinia, Dentaria.

Articulata folia, cum folium unum ex alterius a-
pice excrefcit, attached to the ends of each o-
ther, refembling the links of a chain.

Articulate folium pinnatum, when the foliola are
attached to the extremities of each other, pro-
ceeding from one common petzolus.

ARTICULUS Culmi [ab artus, a joint or
limb] the ftraight part of the Culmus between
two Geniculi,

ASCYROYDEZE [ab Aczveoy, Pliny’s name
for the Hypericum]. The thirteenth natural
clafs in Scopoli’s Flora Carniolica.

ASPERIFOLI [a/per, rough, & folium, a
leaf]. An order of plants in the Fragmenta me -
thodi naturalis of Linneus, in which are thefe
genera, viz. Tournefortia, Cerinthe, Symphytum,
Pulmonaria, Anchufa, Lithofpermum, Myofatis,
Heliotropium, Cynogloffum, Afperugo, Lycopfis, E-
chium, Borrago: magis minufve oleracez, muci-
laginofe, & glutinofe funt. Zin. In the prefent
fyftem, thefe are among the Pentandria manogy-
nia.

: AS-

AU
ASSURGENTIA Filia [affurgo, to rife up}

arcuatim erecta ; firft declining, but growing e-
rect towards the apex.

ATTENUATUS Pedunculus [aitenuor, to
be wafted, worn] when gradually fmaller to-
wards the flower, oppofed to Icraffatus,

AUCTUS Calyx [ab augeor, to be increafed]
when a feries of fhorter and different /quamme
or fquammule farround the exterior da/is of the
Calyx, as in Corepfis, Bidens, Crepis, Dianthus,
Linneeus defines the Calyx auctus in the clafs Syn-
genefia, thus; dum unica fertes laciniarum equalis
longtor cingit fiofculos, €3. alia minima cingit bafin
tantum fimplicis interioris {F majoris calycis,

AVENIA Folia [a, & vena, a vein] leaves
which have no vifible veins. Vid. Veno/fa.

AURICULATUM foliolum [ab auricula, a
little ear, dim. ab auris, the ear] twifted into
the form of a little ear, exemplified in the Fun=
germaunia ciliaris.

AXILLARIA Folia [Axilla, the arm-pit]
growing out of the angles formed by the
branches and the ftem. The fame as Subalaria,

Axillaris Pedunculus, proceeding from the axil-

la

BA

la formed by leaves or branches with the ftem,
as in the Meliffa calamintha, Nepeta, and many
other flowers.

B.
BACCA, a berry ; a full, pulpy Pertcarpium,

without Va/vule, in which the feeds are naked,
having no other covering or cell, as in the
goofberry, Sc.

BARBA, a beard; a fpecies of pubefcence
covering the furface of plants; it does not ap-
pear in the Phil. Botanica, and therefore re-
mains unexplained. In the Delineatio Plante it
is ranged thus, Pili, Lana, Barba, Fomentum.
It feems from its application in the Spec. Pl.
to fignify a tuft of hair, Ge, Ge.

BARBATUM Folium [barba, a beard]. If
Linnzus intends that this term, applied to the
furface of a leaf, fhould have a precife mean-
ing diftin®: from pilofum, birfutum, villofum, it
muft certainly allude to the beard of a goat,
i. e. the lrairs ending in a point.

Barbatus Flos, inftanced in the Dianthus bar-
baius, Sweet William.

Barbatus Corolla, in the Gentiana camp.

BI-

BI
BICORNES [bis, & cornu; a horn]. An or-

der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis
of Linazus, in which are the following genera,
viz. Ledum, Azalea, Andromeda, Clethra, Erica,
Myrfine, Memecylum, Santalum;, Vaccinium, Ar-
buius, &c. Adftringunt, fed bacce acide efcu-
lente funt. Lin. ‘Thefe are fo termed from
the Anthera having in appearance two horns,

BIENNIS Radix [ex bis, twice, & annus; a
year] a root which continues to vegetate two
years,

BIFARIA Filia (is, & fari, to fpeak] point-

ing two ways.

BIFER Plante [bis, & fero, to bear]
flowering twice a-year; {pring and autumn,
common between the tropics.

BIFIDUM Folium [ex bis, twice, & Fiffum,
cloven] twice divided, its finufes linear and
margins ftraight. See Fifum.

BIFLORUS Pedunculus [bis, & flos, a flower]
bearing two flowers; producing two fructifica-
tions upon each Pedunculus.

BIGEMINUM Folium compofitum [bis, twice,
&

BI

& geminus, double] a forked petiolus with two
folisla on the apex of each divifion, cum petiolus
dichotomus apicibus adnectit folicla quatuor.

BIJUGUM Folium (bis, & juge, to yoke] a
pinnate leaf confifting of two pair of foliola.

BILABIATUS Corolla (bis, & labium, a lip].
A Corolla with two lips, as the Pinguicula, and
moft of the Dydinammia.

BILOBUM Folium [ex bis, twice, & Actes,
the tip of the ear] confifting of two lobes. See
Lobatum.

BINATA Folia [4 binus, two and two] indi-
cating the number of folicla in a folium digita-
tum ; confifting only of two folzala.

Bini Pedunculi, growing in pairs, as in Ca-
praria, & Oldenlandia Zeylanica.

BIPARTITUM Folium [bis, 8 partitus, di-
vided] confifting of two divifions u/gue ad ba-
fin, down to the bafe.

BIPINNATUM Folium compofitum (bis, &
pinnatum, winged] doubly winged ; cum petiolus
lateribus adfigit foliola pinnata, i.e. when a pe-
iislus is pinnated by lateral petiol, which are

themlelves

BR

themfelves pinnated by foliola, as in the Atha-
manta libanotis, Anemone pulfatilla.

BITERNATUM Folium compofitum (bis, twice,
& ternus, threefold] a petiolus with three divi-
fions, and three foliola upon each ; duplicato ter-
natum, cum petiolus adfigit tria foliola ternata, as
in the Epimedium, & Ligujticum feoticum.

BIVALVE Pericarpium [bis, & value, doors
or valves] confifting of two valves, as the Siii-
qua & Legumen, which fee.

BLATTARI4 [a Biatta, a moth, or little
worm] the title of Scopoli’s twelfth natural
clafs, in his Fira Carniolica ; it is taken from
the Blattaria which was Tournefort’s generic
name for the Verba/cum of Linnzus.

BRACHIATUS Cawlis [Brachium, an arm]
having branches, in pairs, oppofite to each o-
ther, each pair ftanding at right angles with
thofe above and below.

BRACHIUM, the Arm. The tenth degree
in the Linnzan feale for meafuring plants: from
the Arxilla to the extremity of the middle fin-
ger ; or twenty-four Parifian inches.

BRACTEA,

BU

BRACTEA, a thin leaf or plate of any me-
tal; folium flrale, ranged by Linneus among
the Fulcra of plants. Thefe floral leaves dif-
fer in fhape and colour from the other folia of
the plant, are generally fituated on the pedun-
culus, and often fo near the corolla as to be eafi-
ly miftaken for the calyx, than which however
the Braétee are generally more permanent. Ex-
amples of floral leaves are feen in the Tilia, Fu-
maria bulbofa, Lavendula, Horminum. Brattee
are either colorate, caduce, decidue, perfiftentes ;
una, dua, plures ; coma ; foliorum cetera addenda.

BRACTEATUS Pedunculus, [braéiea, a flo-
ral leaf} having braétee growing on it.

BULBIFERUS Caulis [a Bulbus, a round

root] bearing bulbs : thefe are generally on the

defcending caudex ; but when on the caudex a-
feendens, if they touch the ground, they imme-
diately put forth fibrillz, and become real roots,
as in the Ranunculus ficaria.

BULBOSA Radix [a Bulbus, a fpecies of o-
nion] enlarging in a globular form at the bot-
tom of the afcending caudex, and fhooting

forth radicule from its bafis. A bulbous root .

Lida,

a

is either /guammofa, tunicata, duplicata,
er articulata. :

C2 “BULBUS,

CA

BULBUS, a fpecies of Aybernaculum on the
caudex defcendens,

BULLATUM Folium [bulia, a bubble] when
the fubftance of the leaf rifes high above the
veins fo as to appear like little blifters ; rugo/um
in a greater degree,

Cc.

CADUCUM Folium [8 cado, to fall] a terra
fignifying the fhorteft time of duration ; falling
off at the firft opening of the flower. |

Caducus Calyx, as in the Papaver & Epimedium.

CALAMARI [Calamus, a reed]. An or-
der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis
of Linnzus, in which he has thefe genera, viz,
Bobartia, Scirpus, Cyperus, Eriophorum, Carex,
Schoenus, Flagellaria, “Funcus.

CALCARIATUM WNeéarium [Calcar, a
fpur] In fhape refembling a cock’s fpur, as in
the Lark’s fpur, the 4utirrhinum, Valeriana, Pine
guicula, Utricularia. Calcar eft netlarium ex corol-
la pone in conum extenfa: When applied to Co-
rolla, it relates to the Neéarium.

CALI-

CA

CALICULATUS Calyx [Calicula, dim. a
Calyx] having its ba/fis inclofed within a fmall
exterior calyx ; fynon. with Aud?us ; Completus
of Vaillant; exemplified in the Leontice leontope-
.taloid, Prenanthes.

CALYCANTHEMI [Ca/yx]. An order of
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of
Linneus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Epi-
lobium, Ocnothera, “Fuffiea, Ludwigia, Oldenlan-
dia, Ifnarda, &c.

CALYCIFIBRZ [8 Calyx, & fibra, a fibre].

A natural clafs in Scopoli’s Flore Carniolica.

CALYCIFLORZ [Calyx & fos]. The ele-
venth clafs in Royen’s fyftem : it is in fact the
Floribunde of Linnzus’s Methedus Calycina. The
fecond, third, and fourth order are taken from
the Jcofandria in the fexual fyftem.

CALYPTRA [from Kaavzla, tego, to cover]
a veil ; the Calyx of moffes, covering the An-
there like a hood: it may be recta, or obliqua.
‘Ufed by former botanifts to exprefs that which
Linnzus calls the “illus.

CALYX [ex Kaavala, tego, to cover] the firft
of the feven parts of fruttification, according
to

CA:
to Linnzeus, and by him defined to be the out- —
‘er bark of the plant prefent in the fruétifica-
tion. In general, it is that green cup which |
inclofes and fupports the bottom of the Coro/-—
Ja, and is otherwife called Perianthium, Involu-
crum, Amentum, Spatha, Gluma, Calyptra, or Val-
va, as it happens to be differently circumftan-
ced. In affimulating the vegetable with the
animal kingdom, Linnzus terms the Calyx florum
thalamus. It is generally fingle, in fome plants
double and in others entirely wanting. It is
commonly divided into the fame number. of
fegments with the Corolla. The Calyx commonly
withers when the fruit is ripe, if not before;
which circumftance infallibly diftinguifhes the
“Calyx from Braciez, in dubious cafes. It is ge-
neraily lefs, in point of height, but more fub-
ftantial, than the Corclla,

CAMPANACEI [Campana, a bell]. An or-
_der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis
of Linnzus, in which are the following gene-
ra, viz. Convolvulus, Ipcmoeca, Polemonium, Cam-

panula, Roella, Viola, &c,

CAMPANULATUS Coralla [i Campanula,
a little bell] fhaped like a bell, having no tubu-
lar bafis, ventricofus abfque tubo, as in the Campa-—
nula, Convolvulus, Atropa, and feveral {pecies of
the Gentiana.

CANA-

CA
CANALICULATUM Folium: [Canalicula,

dim. a canalis, a channel] having a deep chan-
nel running from the bafe to the apex ; ex /u/-
co profundo, fecundum totam longitudinem, excava-
tum in dimidiatum fere cylindrum.

,

CANDELARES [Candela, a candle]. An
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi natura-
lis of Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz.

Rhizophora, Mimufops, Nyffa.

CAPILLACEUM folium, Capillary, the
fame as capillare, exemplified in the “fungerman-
nia rupefiris, Ranunculus aquatilis.

Capillacea radix, a {pecies of the fibrous root,
exemplified in the Gramina. Ludwig.

CAPILLARIS Pappus [capillus, hair] fim-
ple and filiform, as in the Heracium, Son-
chus, &c.

Capillares Glandulz, refembling hairs, as in
the Ribes, Antirrbinum quadrifolivm, Scrophula-
ria, Ceraftium, Silene. —

CAPILLUS [qu. capitis pilus] hair. The
firft degree in the Linnzan fcale for meafuring
‘plants: it is the diameter of a hair, and the
twelfth part of the Linea. See Alenfura.

CAPI-

CA

CAPITATUS Fis, as in the Mentha piperi-
ta, aquatica, & Thymus ferpyllum. See Capitulum.

CAPITULUM [dim. 4a caput, ahead] a fpe-
cies of inflorefcence, in which the flowers are
firmly connected on the fummit of the pedun-
culus, fo as to form a kind of knob or head,
as in the Gomphrena. A Capitulum is fubrotun-
dum, globofum, dimidiatum, foliofum, or nudum.

CAPREOLUS [dim. a caprea, a branch that .
produces tendrils]. A tendril. See Cirrus,
Proceffus planta filamentofi quibus illa vicinis corpo-
ribus alligatur.

* CAPSULA, alittle cheft, or eafket ; a hollow
Pericarpium which naturally feparates in fome
determinate manner. Its feveral members are
called Valvula, Diffepimentum, Columella, Locu-

lamentum.

CARINA, the keel of a boat or fhip; the

inferior petalum of a papilionaceous corolla.

CARINATUM Folium [carina, the keel or
bottom of a fhip] ff pars prona difei prominet lon-
gitudinaliter, when the inferior difk or back of
the leaf refembles the keel of a fhip.

Carinatum

-

C A.

Carinatum Neétarium, as in the Utricularia minor.
Carinatus Calyx, as in the Phalaris.

CARIOPHYLLEUS Flos [Caryophyllus, the
clove-tree] compofed of many petala, as it were
emerging from the bottom of a tubular calyx,
as in the Caryophyllus, Linum. Tournef. clafs
the eighth.

CARNOSUM Folium [caro, flefh] a leaf of
a flefhy fubftance, quod interne pulpa repletum eft,
but not of fo clofe a texture as the folinm com-
pacium, nor fo fott as the pulpofum ; exemplified
in the Sedum dafyphyllum.

Carnofa Radix, as in the Valeriana.

CARTILAGINEUM Folium [Cartilago, a
cartilage] cujus margo cartilagine, a fubftantia fo-
ki diverfijfima, firmatur, whofe margin is ftrength-
ened by a cartilaginous rim of a fubftance dif-
ferent from the difk.

CARYOPHYLLEI [Caryophyllus, a pink or
gillyflower] An order of plants in the Fragmen-
ta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, containing thefe
genera, viz. Dianthus, Saponaria, Drypis, Cucu-"
balus, Silene, Lychnis, Coronaria, Agroftema, Fran-
kenia, Alfine, Ceraftium, Holofieum, Arenaria,
Spergula, Sagina, Maoerhingia.

D CA-

CA

CATENULATA Scabrities [ Catena, a chain}
a fpecies of glandular Scabrities, hardly vifible
to the naked eye, refembling little chains, on
the furface of fome plants.

CATULUS. See Anentum,

CAUDEX [dict. 4 cede] the ftem of a tree;
according to Linneus, it is the afcending and
defcending body of the radix. The Caudex a-
Jeendens rifes gradually above the furface of the
earth, ferving often as a trunk, and producing
the herb or plant. The Caudex defcendens ftrikes
gradually into the ground, and {preads into ra-
dicule.

CAULESCENS Planta [Caulis] having a
ftem, oppofed to Acaulis.

Caulefcens radix: Ludwig. The fame with.
the fujiformis of Linneus, exemplified in the
Daucus & Scorzonera. Linnzus alfo applies this
term to the roots of the Braffica oleracea, rapa, &
napus.

CAULINA Folia [Caulis, a ftem] leaves grow-
ing immediately upon the ftem, without the in-
tervention of branches, as in the Agrimonia eupa-

toria.
Caulinis

C I
Caulinis Pedunculus, the foot-ftalk of a flower
proceeding from the ftem,

CAULIS [4 xavacc, a ftalk] a ftem ; that {pe-
cies of Zruncus common to mott plants ; defined
by Linneus to be the proper trunk of the herb,
which elevates the leaves and fructification.

CERNUUS Pedunculus, Flos [a cerno, to dif-
cern, guod terram cernat] bent, drooping, hang-
ing down its head, cum apice incurvatur ut flos
verfus latus alterum vel terram nutet, nec poterit e-
reéius attolli ob curvaturam firictam pedunculi, uti in
Carpefio, Bidente radiata, Carduo nutante, Scabiofa
alpina, &c.

CESPITOSA Planta (Cefpes, turf, or fod]
are thofe plants which produce many ftems
from one root, and thence form a clofe thick

carpet on the furface of the earth.
‘Cefpitofe Paludes, Turf-bogs.

CILIATUM Folium [Cilium, the eye-lafh]
cujus margo fetis parallelis longitudinaliter obvallatur,
whofe margin is guarded by parallel briftles lon-
gitudinally, as in the Erica tetralix, ciliaris.

Ciliata Spica, fringed with fhort, {mall, brac-
teal leaves.

D2 Ciliata

CI

Ciliata Corolla, as in the Ruta, Menyanthes,
Tropeolum.

CIRCINALIA Folia [circes, a hoop, or
ring] A term of foliation expreffive of the
leaves within the gemma being rolled fpirally
downward, deorfum fpiraliter involvuntur, as in
the Filices & Palme nonnulle.

CIRCUMSCISSA Capfula (circum, about, &
ce@do, to cut] opening, not longitudinally, as in
general, but tranfverfely like a common fauft-
box, as in the Anagallis.

CIRRHIFERUS Pedunculus [cirrus, 8 fero,
to bear] bearing a tendril, as in Cardio[permum,
Vitis.

Cirrbiferum folium, as in the Fumaria capreo-
lata, & claviculata.

CIRRHOSUM Folium [a cirrbus, a tuft or
lock of hair] terminating in a tendril, as in the

Gloriofa, Flagellaria, Niffolia.

CIRRHUS, rather Cirrus [a Kiges, cornu, a
horn, quod cirri cornuum figuram referant] one of
the fulcra of plants ; a clafper or tendril ; that
{piral {tring by which fome plants fix.themfelves
to other bodies, vimculum filiforme fpirale quo plan-

ta

CL

ta alio corpor: alligatur, as in the Vitis, Banifteria,
Cardiofpermum, Pifum, Bigonia. A Cirrus is termed
axillaris, foliaris, petiolaris, peduncularis, accord-
ing to the part from which it proceeds; it is
Jimplex, bifidus, trifidus, multifidus, according to
the number of its chords ; convoluius, revolutus,
according to its direction.

CLASSIS, a clafs, is by Linneus defined to
be an agreement of feveral genera in the parts
ef fructification, according to the principles of
nature diftinguifhed by art. He divides the ve-
getable kingdom into twenty-four claffes, viz.

“1. Monandria, 2. Diandria, 3. Triandria, 4.
Tetrandria, 5. Pentandria, 6. Hexandria, 7. Hep-
tandria, 8. Ottandria, 9. Enneandria, 10, Dodecan-
dria, 12. Icofandria, 13. Polyandria, 14. Didyna-
mia, 15. Tetradynamia, 16. Monadelphia, 17. Dia-
delphia, 18. Polyadelphia, 19. Syngenefia, 20. Gy-
nandria, 21. Monoecia, Divecia, 23. Polygamia,
24. Cryptogamia.

CLAVATUS Petiolus, Pedunculus [clavis, a
nail, or clava, a club] in its claffical acceptation
means ftudded with nails or {pangles; but here
it alludes to the /hape of a common nail, taper.
ing from its da/is to the apex.

Clavatus Calyx, as in Silene,

Clavata Capfula, as in the Papaver argemone.
. CLA-

CO

CLAVICULA [dim. a Clavis, a key] a
tendril : Tournef. See Cirrhus.

CLAUSA Corolla, clofed, fhut, as in the
Melampyrum pratenfe, oppofed to hians,

COADUNAT £ [coaduno, to join, or gather
together] An order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnzus, in which he has
thefe genera, viz. Annona, Liriodendrum, Ma-
gnotia, Uvaria, Michelia, Thea.

COARCTATI Rami [coarGo, to ftraiten or
prefs together] forming very acute angles with
each other ; oppofed to Divergentes.

Coarétata Panicula, when the pedunculi are
fhort and erect, and confequently the flowers
compact ; oppofed to diffu/a.

Coarétatus Pedunculus, oppofed to patulus.

COCHLEATUM Legumen [a Cochlea, the
fhell of a fnail] refembling the fhell of a {nail,
as in the Medicago.

COLORATUM Felium (Color, colour] co-
loured ; 7. ¢. when thofe leaves, which are ge-
nerally green, are of any other colour, quod a-
lium colorem quam viridem induit. ‘

Coloratus Calyx, as in the Bartfia.

COLU-

CO
COLUMNELLA, a little column ; the mem-

branaceous fubftance which conneéts the internal
partitions with the feed, in that fpecies of perz-
carpium termed capfula.

COLUMNIFERI [Columna, a pillar, & fera
to bear] An order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnus, in which are thefe
genera, viz. Camellia, Xylon, Hibifcus, Turnera,
Malva, Urena, Malope, &c. Columnifere, muci-
laginofz, lubricantes, obtundentes, & matu-
vantes funt. Liz.

COMA [Koeen, a bufh, or head of hair] a
fpecies of fulcra compofed of remarkably large
braéee, which terminate the caulis, as in the La-
vendula, Salvia, Corona imperialis.

COMMUNIS Gemma, regards the contents
of the gemma ; containing both flower- and
leaves,

Communis Calyx, when it contains both Rece-
ptaculum and Flofculi, as in the Tragopogon, Scor-
zonera, and mott of the other plants in the clafs
Syngenefia of Linnzeus.

COMOS£ [Coma, a head of hair]. An
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi natura~
lis

co

lis of Linnzeus, containing thefe genera, viz.

Spired, Filipendula, Aruncus.

Comofa radix, a fpecies of the tuberofa, when
from the top of a bulbous root, immediately un-
der the bafe of the ftem, a number of fibrilié are
put forth, fo asto refemble a head of hair.
Ludwig.

Comofus Racemus, as in the Fritillaria regia,

COMPACTUM Folium [a compingo, to put
together] regards the fubftance of leaves, and
fisnifies their pulp being of a clofe confiftent
texture.

COMPLETUS Files, Vaill. See Auétus, or .
Calyculatus.

COMPOSITUS Cauls. A compound ftem
is divided into ramulz, {mall branches, diminifh-
ing as they afcend: they are cither dichotomus,
fubdivifus, ov articulatus.

Compofitus Corymbus, formed of a number of:
fmall corymbi, oppofed to fimplex,

Compofitus Flos, an aggregate flower compofed
of many flofculi feffiles, on a common entire re-
ceptaculum, with a common perianthium, and
whofe anthere, being five in number, unite in
the form of a cylinder ; the flofwli are mono-

petalous,

CO

petalous, and under each of them is a mono-
fpermous germen : fuch are the clafs Syngenefia
of Linneus. Compound flowers are cither /-
gulati, tubulofi, or radiati.

Compofitum Folium, in general, fignifies a petio-
Jus with more than one foliolum upon it, of
which there ate the following fpecies, UVi%. com-
psfitum properly fo called, articulatum, conjuga-
tum, digitatum, pedatum, pinnatum, decompofitum,
fupradecompsfitum.

Compafitum Folium, properly fo called, is a pe-
tiolus with one feries of folioda and no more.

Compofita Fruétificatio, oppofed to fimplex ; coms
pofita ex flofculis.

Compofita Umbella, having no umbellule on the
apices of the pedunculi.

Compofiti, a numerous order of plants in the
Pragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, where
he divides them into Semiflofculofi, -Capitati, Co-
rymbiferi, and Oppofitifolii.

COMPRESSUS Cauiis, Folium, refemblinga
cylinder compreffed on oppofite fides, the tran{-
verfe fection forming an ellipfis : when applied
to a leaf, it fignifies, comprefled in its lateral
margins, quod a lateribus maginalibus oppofitis com-
primitur, ut fubfiantia folii major fiat quam difcus,
i. e. its depth, or thicknefs, exceeding its

breadth.
E CON-

Oye
CONCAVUM Folium, a concave leaf, cum
margo folit arctior fit quam ut difcum circumfcribat,
unde deprimitur difcus.

CONCEPTACULUM, a receiver ; a Peri-
carpium of one Valvuulc, opening longitudinally,
and not having the feeds faftened to it. Lin-
neus in his laceft works fubftitutes Folliculus for
Conceptaculum.

CONDUPLICATUM Folium (con, & dupl-
cor, to be doubled] A term in Foliation, fignify-
ing that the fides of the leaf, within the gemma,
are parallel and approach each other, as in the
Rofa, Fraxinus, Fuglans, Amygdalus, Cerafus,
Quercus, Fagus, &c.

CONFERTI Rami, [a confercio, to fill, to
ftuft] branches crouded fo as to leave hardly a-
ny fpace between; oppofed to remoti.

Confertus Verticillus, when the flowers which
form the Verticillus are numerous, and confe-

quently crouded ; oppofed to diftans.

' . Conferta folia, as in the Antirrhinum monfpeffu-

lanum, & linaria.

CONFLUENTIA Folia [confiue, to flow to-
gether] growing in tufts partially, fo as to leave
the intermediate parts of the cau/is quite bare.

CON-

co

CONGLOBATUS Flos [con, & globus, a
ball] Capitatus of Ray, Compofitus of Tournefort
and Linneus. See Compojitus.

CONGLOMORATI Flores (con, & glomus, a
clew] growing on a branching Petiolus, and
clofely, but irregularly, connected ; oppofed to
Panicula diffufe.

CONGESTA Unmbella [a congeror, to be
heaped] the flowers clofely collected into a
fpherical fhape, as in the Allium ; oppofed to diva-
ricata, divergens, diftans, &c.

CONICA Scabrities [Kaves, conus, a cone] a
fpecies of fetaceous Scabrities, fcarce vifible to
the naked eye, on the furface of fome plants,
in which the minute briftles are conical.

CONIFERE [ex Kas, a cone, & fer, to
bear] An order of plants in the Fragmenta me-
| thodi naturalis of Linnzus, containing thefe ge-
nera, viz. Abies, Pinus, Cupreffus, Thuja, funi-
perus, Taxus, Ephedra, Conifere funt refinife-
re & diuretice. Lin,

CONJUGATUM FPolium [ex con, & jugo,
to couple] that fpecies of pinnate leaf which
E 2 has

CO

has two foliola, and no more, upon each petialys ;
cum pinnatum conflat modo foliolis duobus, nec pluri-
bus.

Conjugatus Racemus, when two Racemi are u-
nited by acommon pedunculus.

CONNATUM Folium [ex con, & nafcor, to
be born, to grow together] /7 folia oppofita inter
fe connata in unum, when two oppofite leaves u-
nite fo as to have the appearance of one leaf, as
in the Lonicera, Eupatorium.

Connata Stamina, united, cleaving together.

CONNIVENS Corolla [connivo, to wink]
when the apices of the petala converge, fo as to
clofe the flower, as in the Trollius europaeus.

Conniventes Anthere, approaching or inclining
towards each other, as is frequent in the clafs
Didynamia of Linnzus.

CONTINUATUM folium, continued ;
when the leaf appears to be a continuation of
the fubftance of the caulis, as in fome fpecies of
the Ficus. Ludw.

CONTORTI [conterqueo, to twift] An or-
der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis
of Linnzus, containing the following genera,

viz.

CoO

viz. Rauwolfia, Tevetia, Cerbera, Plumieria, Ta-
bernemontana, Cameraria, Nerium, Vinca, Apo-
cynum, Cynanchum, Creopegia, Afcelpias, Stapelia.

Contorti, a natural clafs in Scopuli’s Flora
Carniolica.

CONTRARIZ Valuule. The valves are
termed contraria, when the diffepimentum is pla-
ced tran{verfely between them ; oppofed to pa-
ralleli ; exemplified in the Swheslaria!

CONVEXUM Foltum, a convex leaf; 7. ¢.
rifing from the margin to the centre of the
dif : quod in difco magis elevatum eft ; the reverie
of concavum.

CONVOLUTUS Cirrus [convilvo, to wrap
round] a tendril twining in the fame direction
with the fun’s motion, that is, from eaft, by the
fouth, to the weft : oppofed to Revolutus.

Convolutum Folium, aterm of Foliation, fig-
nifying the leaf being rolled up like a {croll of
paper ; unius lateris margo circumambit alterum ejuf-
dem folii marginem infiar cuculli; as in the Arum,
Piper, Solidago, Braffica, Prunus, & Gramina
pleraque.

CONUS. See Strobilus.

COR-

OO)
CORCULUM [dim. a cor, the heart] the

heart and effence of a feed, and the primordium
of the future plant, attached to, and involved
in the Cotyledon: it confifts of the Plumula,
which Linneus calls its eflence, and Ro/ellum,
which fee.

CORDATUM Folium [Cor, the heart] ef o-
vaium baft excavatum, deftitutum angults poflicis 5
fhaped like the heart on cards, but the apex not
quite fo fharp ; as in the Potamogeton perfoliatum,
Menyanthes nympboides, Meni/permum virginic. ca-
rolin. & cocculus.

CORDIFORMIS. See Cordatum.

COROLLA [dim. a corona, a crown] one of
the feven parts of fruttification, according to
Linnzus, who defines it thus, ber plante in flo-
ve prefens, the bark of the plant prefent in the
flower. It is the coloured or painted leaves of
the plant, confifting of petala and neéctarium.

COROLLULA [dim. a corolla] a little corolla.

CORONA Seminis, a crown; the little crown
which adheres to many kinds of feeds, and
which, ferving them as wings, enables them to

difperfe :

co

difperfe : it is either Calyenlus formed of the pe-
rianthium of the flower, as in the Scabiofa, Knau-
tica, Ageratum, Aréotis 3 or it is Pappus, as in
the Hieracium, Sonchus, Crepis, Scorzanera, Tra-

gopogon.

CORONARIZ [Corona, a crown] An or-
der of plants in the Fragmenia methodi naturalis
of Linnzus, in which are the following gene-
ra; viz. Ornithogalum, Scilla, Hyacinthus, Ajpho-
delus, Anthericum, Polyanthes.

CORONULA, dim. 2 Corona, which fee.

CORTEX [a corium, a hide, & tego, to cover ]
the outer rind of vegetables diftiné&t from the /-
ber : thus the corolla is a continuation of the /-
ber, and the calyx of the cortex.

CORTICALIS Gemmatio [cortex, rind or
bark] regards the origin of the gemma ; proceed-
ing from the cortex of the plant ; oppofed to petia-

laris, firpularis.

CORYDALES [an a Koes, galea, caffis, ga-
lerita] An order of plants in the Pragmenta me-
thodi naturalis of Linnzeus, containing the fol-
Jowing genera, viz. Melianthus, Epimedium, Hy-

peccum,

CR

pecoum, Fumaria, Impatiens, Leontice, Monotro-
pa, Utricularia, Tropcolum.

CORYMBUS, in its proper acceptation, is
a clufter of ivy-berries. Linnzus makes it a
fpecies of inflorefcence, in which the flowers
grow in clufters, each upon a feparate peduncu-
lus, as in the filiquofe plants in general, viz.
Myagrum, Anaftatica, Cochlearia, &c. Corymbus
fit ex [pica, dum finguli flores peduncults propriis
infiruuntur, fitu elevato proportional. The Inflo-
refcentia corymbifera may be jimplex or compofita.

COTYLEDON [kéloaa, cavitas, a cavity] the
lateral, bibulous, perifhable lobe of the feed.

CRENATUM Polium [Crena, a notch] cajus
margo angulis, neutram extremitatem refpicientibus ,
fecatur, whofe margin is cut with fmall teeth,
or angles, inclining towards neither extremity,
fo that radii drawn from the centre of the
leaf would accurately bifeét each faliant angle. |
When inftead of angles the margin is formed
of a number of fegments of fmall circles, jt is
then termed odtufe crenatum; when the larger
notches are themfelves furrounded by fmall
ones, duplicate crenatum. "The folium crenatum is
exemplified in the Primula farinofa.

Crenata Corolla, asin Linum.

CRI-

CR
CRISPUM Folium, undulated from the mar-
gin of the leaf being too long for the difk, cum
peripheria folii major evadit quam difcus admittit,
ut undulatum fiat. Folia crifpa are always mon-
ftrous productions.

CRISTATUS jos [A criffa, a tuft or creft,]
crefted, as in the Polyvala.

CRUCIFORMES Fieres (Crux, a crofs, &
forma] crofs-fhaped; contiiting of four petala
regularly difpofed in the form of a crois: they
conftitute the fifth clafs in Tournefort, and the
Tetradynamia of Linneus.

“CRYPTANTHERE [28 xevalw, occulto, to
hide, & aves, flos, a flower] the nineteenth clafs
in Royen’s fyftem, comprehending thofe plants
whofe fructification is concealed, viz. part of
the Filices, Mujci, Algae, & Fungi.

CRYPTOGAMIA [Kevzares, occultus, con-
cealed, & Tepoc, nuptie, nuptials] the twenty-
fourth clafs in the Linnean fyftem, compre-
hending thofe plants whofe fruétification is con-
cealed, either through minutenefs, or within
the fruit: nuptia clam celebrantur. ‘The orders
are four, viz. FILICEs, containing 16 gencra,
viz. Eguifetum, Uncclea, Ophiogloffum, Ofmunda,

F Achroftichum,

CU
Achrsfiichum, Polypodium, Hemionitis, Afplenium,.

Blechnum, Louchitis, Pteris, Adiauthum, Trichoe
manes, Marfilea, FPilularia, Ifoetes ; Musci,

_ containing 11 genera, viz. Lycopidium, Porella,
Spagnum, Phafcum, Splachnum, Polytrichum, Mni-
um, Bryum, Hypaum, Fontinalis, Buxbaumia;
ALG, containing 14 genera, viz. Marchan-
tia, fungersannia, Targionia, Anthocerus, Brafia,
Riccia, Lichen, Byjjus, Tremella, Ulva, Fucus,
Conferva, Spcngia, Chara ; \FuNG1, contain-
ing 10 genera, viz. Agaricus, Boletus, Hydnum,
Phallus, Clathrus, Elvela, Pexiza, Clavaria, Ly-
choperdon, Mucor. Cryptogamia vegetabilia fx-
pius fufpecta continet. Liz.

CUBITUS [A cubands, lying down, quod ad
‘fumendos cibos in ipfa cubamus] a cubit. ‘The
ninth degree in the Linnean fcale for meafu-
ring plants: from the elbow to the extremity
of the middle finger; or feventeen Parifian
inches.

CUCULLATUM Folium [cucullus, a coronet
of paper in which grocers put their fpices ] roll-
ed up like a cone, longitudinally, as in the Ge-
ramum Afric. \t alfo fignifies hooded, cowled
as in the leavesref the Sarracenia.

CUCURBITACE [Cucurbita, a gourd]
| "An.

CU

An order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi na-

turalis ot Linnaeus, cihich are thefe genera,
viz. Paffiflora, Fevillea, Momordica, Lrichofantius
Cucumis, Cucurbita, Bryonia, Sicyos, Melothria,
Gronovia.

CULMINI£ [culmen, the top or crown of a-
ny thing ] ‘An order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnzus, in which are thefe
genera, viz. Tilia, Theobroma, Sioanea, Bixa, He-
liocarpus, Triumphetta, Bartramia, &c.

CULMUS [ex zdreu@, calamus, a reed or
ftraw] that fpecies of Truncus proper to grafles ;
it elevates the leaves and the fructification.

CUNEIFORME Folium [Cuncus, a wedge]
fhaped like a wedge, fenfim deorfum anguftatur,
its apex next the ftem, as in the Apium graves-
lens, Saxifraga trydactylites.

CUSPIDATUM Folkum [Cu/pis, the point of
a fpear]. This term regards the apex only, and
is applied to thofe leaves whofe apex refembles.
the point of alance or {pit.

CYATHIFORMIS Corolla [Cyathus, acup]
partly cylindrical, but growing wider towards

the top.
2 Mn p=

oy
CYLINDRACEA Spica [cylindrus, a roller,

a cylinder] cylindrical ; equal in diameter from
top to bottom.

CYLINDRICA Scabrities [eyliadrus] A {pe-
cies of Scabrities of a cylindrical form, on the
furface of fome plants, fcarce vifible to the na-
ked eye.

Cylindricus Calyx, asin the Eupbrafia,

CYMA[Kiue, foetus] a Receptaculum proceed-
ing from an univerfal centre, running out into
Pedunculi fafligiati, but with irregular partial
peduncult,

CYMOSUS Fios [Cyma, a fprout] an aggre-
gate flower, whofe Receptaculum is divided into
primary faftigiate Pedunculi proceeding from an
univerfal centre ; but whofe fecondary Peduncu-
ii are irregular, which diftinguifhes it from
the Umbelia.

Cymofe, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnzus, containing thefe
genera, viz. Diervilla, Lonicera, Maitchella, Lo-
vanihus, Ixora, Morinda, Cinchona.

CYTINIFORMIS Calyx [a Cytinus, the
flower of the pomegranate] refembling the Ca-
Lyx

DE

yx of the pomegranate, i. e. campaniformis, mul-
tifidus. ‘Tournef.

D.

DHDALEUM FPolium[Aaitwr@, dedalus, in-
_ genious] a leaf whofe texture or fhape is remark-
ably beautiful and exquifitely wrought. Lin-
neus has not, I think, any where explained
this term, but it feems to admit of no other
meaning.

DEBILIS Caulis [ex de & hebilis] weak, fee-

ble, as in the Veronica chamedrys.

DECAGYNIA [dixe, decem, ten, & Tum, mu-
her, a woman] The fifth order in the tenth
clafs in the Linnean fyftem; comprehending
thofe plants whofe fructification difcovers ten
Styli, which are confidered as the female organs
of generation.

DECANDRIA [dxe, decem, ten, & avie,
maritus, a hufband]. Linnzus’s tenth clafs,
comprehending thofe hermaphrodite plants
which bear flowers with ten /lamina. This clafs
hath five orders, viz. Monocynta} inclu-
ding 45 genera, viz. Sophora, Anagyris, Cercis,

Baubinia,

DE
Baubinia, Parkinfonia, Hymenea, Caffia, Poincia-

na, Cafalpinia, Guilandina, Guajacum, Cynometra,

Anacardium, Swietenia, Diétamnus, Ruta, Tolui-

fera, Hematoxylum, Adenanthera, Melia, Trichilia,
Zygophyllum, Quaffia, Fagonia, Tribulus, Thryal-

lis, Limonia, Monotropa, Fuffiaa, Quifqualis,

Dais, Bucida, Copaifera, Samyda, Melaftema,

Kalmia, Ledum, Rhsdora, Rhododendron, Andro-

meda, Epigea, Gaultheria, Arbutus, Clethra, Py-

yola ; DiGYNIA containing 11 genera, viz.

Royena, Hydrangea, Cunonia, Chryfofplentum, Sa-

xifraga, Tiarella, Mitella, Scleranthus, Gypfopht~

la, Saponaria, Dianthus; TRIGYNIA, con-

taining 10 genera, viz. Cucubalus, Silene, Stella-

via, Arenaria, Cherleria, Garidella, Malpighta,

Banificria, Triopteris, LErythroxyln; PENTA-

GYNIA, containing 11 genera, viz. Averrhoa,

Spondias, Cotyledon, Sedum, Penthorum, Oxalis,

Suriana, Agroftemma, Lychnis, Ceraftium, Sper-

gula; DECAGYNIA, containing two genera,
viz. Neurada, Phytolacca.

DECAPHYLLUS Cah [d:xe, decem, ten, &
@2rrov, folium, a leaf] confifting of ten leaves,
as in the Hibifcus.

DECIDUUM Folium [decids, to fall down,
to dic] a term exprefling the fecond degree of
duration 5,

DE

duration ; fee Caducum: falling off with the
flower.

Decidue Stipule, as in the Padus, Cerafus,
Amygdalus; Populus, Tilia, Ulmus, Quercus, Fa-
gus, Alnus, Ficus, Morus.

Deciduus Calyx, asin the Berberis, and the
clafs Letradynamia. :

DECLINATUS Caulis, declined. The
firft and leaft degree of curvature towards the’
earth. See Jncurvatus and Nutans.

DECOMPOSITA Folia, are thofe com-
pound leaves which confift of many foliola on a
once-divided petiolus, cum petiolus femel divifus ad-
neélit folidla plura. See Compofiturn folium. The
different kinds of Folia decompofita, are bigemina,

biternata, bipinnata, which fee.

DECUMBENS ffos [decumbo, to lie down}
drooping, as in Caffia, Diad:Iphia omnt.

DECURRENS Folium [decurro, to run a+
long] when the Ja/fs of a feffile leaf extends
downward along the caulis, below the proper
termination of the leaf; 7. ¢, when the da/is is
long in proportion to the leaf, and adheres en--
tirely to the ftem, as in the Verbefina, Carduus,

Spharanthus, Verbafcum thapfus.
y fi wit

DE
DECURSIVE Folium pinnatum (decurro, to

run along} when the bafes of the felicla are
continued along the fides of the petiolus, as they
are along the ftem in the /olium decurrens,

DECUSSATA Folia [decuffo, to divide]
when the leaves grow in hairs and oppofite,
each hair being alternately on oppofite fides of
the ftem 5 ut fi planta verticaliter infpiciatur; folia
quadrifariam verguut.

DEFLEXUS Ramus [deflec?o, to bow or.

bend] a little bent; the leaft degree of curva-
ture. See Reflexus, Retroflexus.

DEFLORATIA Stamina, having fhed, or
difcharged, their farina fecundens. — Stachys,
ftamina deflorata verius latera reflexa.

DEFOLIATIO [de & folium] comprehends
the precife time in autumn when a plant fheds
its leaves. ;

DELTOIDES Folium [A, delta, the Greek
D]. Certainly this A has but three angles, and
yet Linnzus infifts upon his folium deltoides ha-
ving four, rbembeum ex quatuor angitlis,e quibus
laterales minus a bafi diflant quam reliqui, the two
lateral angles nearer the bafis than the other

two.

DE

two. Now the figure, in the Phil. Botanica,
which is intended to illuftrate this explanatiori
is like nothing in nature, and of a form quite
different from thofe leaves to which this term
is applied in the Sy/tema Nature, &c. as for in-
ftance, inthe Populus nigra; which has four
angles, and the two lateral ones are nearer the _
bafe than the apex. In order to folve thefe
difficulties, let us firft recolleét that the delta
was the figure of four, of the Greeks, and that
4-angular would exprefs a figure with four an-
gles, though the figure 4 contains but three.
But if this does not fatisfy us, let us recollect
that Aar@, pugillares, were a kind of writing-ta -
blet3, which, though triangular when fhut, muft
neceflarily, when open, be quadrangular.
Dr Hill, in his explanation of this term, by
way of example, inflances the Sea Purflane,
which happens not to have a deltoide leaf, but
Obovatim. \inneus applies the term Deltoides
to the leaves of the following plants, viz. Po-
pulus nigra, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex haftata,
Atriplex patula, Chenopodium ferotinum,

DEMERSUM Folium [dentergo, to dive] in
¢quatic plants, funk below the furface of the
water. The fame as Submerfum.

DENDROIDIS furculus [a %%ov, arbuftum, a
Sh aE _ fagub)

DE

fhrub] fhrubby ; a fubdivifion of the Surculus
in the genus Hypnum.

DENTATUM Folitum (Dens, a tooth] ac-
cording to Linnzeus, quod acumina horizontalia,
folit confiftentia, [patio remota habet ; i. €. having
horizontal points, of the fame confiftence with
the leaf, at a little diftance from each other,
' If, inftead of horizontal, he had wrote, in the
plane of the difk of the leaf, it would have been
more intelligible ; exemplified in the Leontodon,
Primula vulgaris, & veris, Epilabium montanum.

DENTICULATA Semina (denticulus, a little
tooth] as in the Bidens,

Denticulatum Folium, as in the He/peris matro-
nalts.

DENUDAT 4: [deuudor, to be ftripped na-
ked] An order of plants. in the Fragmenta me-
thodi naturalis of Linnzeus, comprehending thefe
genera, viz. Crocus, Gethyllis, Bulbocodium, Cal-

chicum.

DEPENDENS Folium [dependeo, to hang
down] quod reéta terram fpeciat, pointing direét-
ly to the ground.

DETERMINATIO Foliorum, By the de-
termination

‘

DI

termination of leaves is meant fome particulari-
ty exclufive of their proper ftructure, v7. place,
number, fituation, direction, and infertion.

DIADELPHIA [Aé, bis, twice, & Adages,
frater, a brother] Clafs the feventeenth in the
fexual fyftem, comprehending thofe plants’
which bear hermaphrodite flowers with two
fets of united Stamina; but this circumftance
muit not be abfolutely depended on, They are
the Papilionacei of Tournefort, the Jrregulares te-
irapetali of Rivinus, and the Leguminofe of Ray.
The flowers are generally pendulous. ‘This is
the moft natural of all the claffes. The claffi-
cal characteriftics are thefe, wiz. Catyx,
Perianthium, monophyllous, campanulate, wi-
thering ; Ba/is gibbous, attached below to the
pedunculus, and obtufe at the top; the brim,
guinquedentate, acute, erect, oblique, unequal,
the lower odd denticle longeft, and the upper
pair fhorteft, and farther afunder ; the bottom
moift with a melleous liquor, inclofing the re-
ceptaculum. ‘The Calyx, being of confequence in
determining the genera, merits particular atten-
tion. CoroLua, papilionaceous, unequal,
whofe petala are diftinguifhed in the following
manner ; Vexillum, a petal covering the reft, in-
cumbent, larger, plano-horizontal, its unguss
inferted into the fuperior margin of the recepta-

G2, culum,

Di

culum, roundifh on the outfide of the calyx, ale
moft entire, with a longitudinal ridge efpecially
towards the apex, the part’of the petal neareft the
bafis almoft femicylindrical, embracing the
_ parts | beneath, the di ifcus of the petalum depreffed
on both fides, turning upwards near the mar-
gin ; where the divided tube ends, and the
limb begins to unfold, are two cavities, which
comprefs the ale beneath : Ala, two petala, e-
qual, on each fide the flower, under the vexil-
Jum, their margins incumbent, parallel, fubro-
tundo-oblong, broader outwards, the upper
margin ftraighter, the lower rounder; the ba-
fis of each bifid, the inferior part ftretched into
an unguis, inferted into the fide of the receptacu-
lum, about the length of the calyx, the upper
fhorter, and bent: Carina, the loweft petalyn
often bipartite, under the Vexillum, and between
the alz, boat-fhaped, concave, the fides com-
preffed, fet like a boat in the water, the bafs
mutilate, of which the inferior part extends into
an unguis the length of the calyx, and inferted
into the receptaculum ; but the lateral ‘and fuperi-
or fhort /acinig are infolded with the correfpon-
dent part of the ale; the fides of the carina
are fimilar to the ala both in fhape and fitua-
tion, except that they are inferior and i interior ;

the carinal line runs ftraight as far as the mid-

dle, and then rifes i in the fegment of a circle,
buc

:
:
:

Di

but the marginal line runs ftraight to the apex,
where the twolines meet, and terminate obtufely.
Stamina, diadelphia, wwo filamenta of different
forms, the one inferior involving the pi/ft/lum,
the other fuperior on the pi/f/lum incumbent ;
the inferior filament involving the germen,
membranaceous from the middle downwards,
cylindrical, opening longitudinally upwards, the
upper part terminating in nine fubulate radii, i-
mitating the cordl/a in flexure and length, the
lower radii being gradually longer, the fuperior
filament fubulato-fetofe, covering the fiffure of
the other, incumbent on it, alike in fituation,
gradually fhorter, fimple, its ba/is detached
from the other, affording a vent for the honey
on each fide ; Antherez, ten in all, one on the
fuperior filament, and one on each of the nine
radii of the inferior. PisT1LLuM, fingle, grow:
ing out of the receptaculum within the calyx ;
Germen, oblong, a little compreffed, ftraight,
of the length of the inferior filament by which
it is involved ; Stylus, fubulato-filiform, a-
fcending, of the fame length and pofition with
the radii of the filament among which it ftands,
withering: Svigma, downy, of the length of |
the Stylus from the part turned upwards, and
placed immediately under the anthere. PrErti-
caRPiuM, Legumen oblong, comprefied, obtufe,
bivalvate, with a longitudinal future both above
a and

DI

and below, both ftraight, yet the upper one de-
fcends near the bafis, and the lower rifes near
the apex, opening at the upper future, Semi-
wa few, roundifh, fmooth,. flefhy, pendulous,
prominent with an embryo towards the point of
infertion ; the ova being difcharged, the Co-
tyledons retain the forms of the divided feed :
RECEPTACULUM, the proper receptacula of the
feeds are very f{mall, very fhort, thinner at the
bafis, obtufe at the dik, oblong, inferted lon-
gitudinally and alternately in the upper future
of the Legumen, T he ordersare 4, viz. PENTAN-
DRIA, containing but one genus, viz. Monieria ;
HEXANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz.
Fumaria; OCTANDRIA, containing two genera,
viz. Polygala & Securidaca; DECANDRIA, con-
taining 44 genera, viz. Amorpha, Ebenus, Ery-
thrina, Spartium, Genifia, Lupinus, Anthyllis,
Efchynomene, Pifcidia, Borbonta, Afpalathus, Q-
nonisy Crotalaria, Colutea, Phafeolus, Dolichos,
Orobus, Pifum, Lathyrus, Vicia, Aftragalus, Bi-
ferrula, Phaca, Pforalea, Trifolium, Glyeyrrhiza,
Hedyfarum, Corenilla, Ornithepus, Scorpiurus,
Hippocrepis, Medicago, Trigonella, Glycine, Ciitoria,
Robinia, Indigofera, Ulex, Cicer, Ervum, Cy-
tifus, Galega, Lotus, Arachis, Papilionaceorum
folia jumentis & pecoribus, femina varlis ani-
malibus efculenta; funt farinacea & flatulenta.
Lin.

DI-

Dt

DIANDRIA [A4, bis, twice, & aye, mart-
fus, a hufband] the fecond clafs in the Linnean
fyftem, comprehending fach hermaphrodite
flowers as have two flaming: it includes three
orders, viz. MonaGynia, in which are 26 ge-
nera, viz. Niétanthes, ‘fafminum, Liguftrum, Phil-
hyrea, Olea, Chionanthus, Syringa, Eranthemum,
Circea, Veronica, Pedersta, Fufticia, Dianthe-
ra, Gratiola, Pinguicula, Utricularia, Verbena,
Lycopus, Ametyftea, Cunila, Ziziphora, Monar-
da, Rofmarinus, Salvia, Collinfonia, Morina ,
DicyNia, containing one genus, viz. Antho-
xanthum, TRiGYNIA, of which alfo there is but
one genus, viz. Piper.

DIANGI [Bs, & 2y[@, vas, a veilel, or
loculamentum] the iixteenth clafs in Boerhaave’s .
fyftem, containing Lythrum, Saxifrage, &c.

DICHOTOMUS Caulis [Aizorozos, aiffecius,
divided’ forked, bifariam femper divifus.

Dichotomus Pedunculus, as in the Meliffa cala-
mintha.

DICOTYLEDONES [3%, 8 co?yl.] A mode
of placentation, fignifying that the feeds have
two cotyledons: thefe are either immutate, pli-
cate, duplicate, obvelute, fpirales, ox redulia.

DI-

DiI

DIDYMA Aathera [Adoug, geminus, twins]
two upon each filamentum, as in the Ranunculus.

DIDYNAMIA [Aw, bis, twice, & Avvapec,
potentia, power] Linnzus’s fourteenth clafs,
comprehending thofe plants which produce her-
maphrodite flowers bearing one p/fillum, and
four flamina, two of which are long and two’
fhort. Its claffical charaéteriftics are thefe :
CaLyrx, Perianthium, monophyllous, ere¢t,
tubulated, quinguefid, generally with unequal
fegments, perfifting. CoroLLa, monopetalous,
ereét, whofe ba/is is tubulated, and ferves the
purpofe of a neflarium: the limbus is generally
ringent, its fuperior /abium upright, the infe-
rior extended horizontally, trifid, the broadeft
lobe in the middle. Stamina, whofe filaménts
are fubulate, inferted into the tube of the Corol-
/a, and inclining towards its back: the inner-
moft are the fhorteft ; they are all parallel, and
feldom exceed the ichoth of the Corolla. ‘The
Anthere are generally hid under the fuperior Ja:
Lium of the Corolla, in pairs, refpeétively conni-
vent. PisTiLLuM, the Germen commonly a-
bove the Receptaculum, a fingle filiform Stylus,
bent with the filamenta, and generally inclofed
within them, their fummits a little curved,
and the /figma emarginate. PERICcARPIUM,
either entirely wanting, or generally bilocular.

SEEDs,

DiI

Sreps, if there beno Pericarpium, are four, lod-
ged in the bottom of the Calyx; if there be a Pe-
ricarpium, they are more numerous, and are
fixed to a Receptaculum inthe middle of it, Thofe
of the firft order are the Labiati, and .of the
fecond, the perfonati of Tournefort. The orders
two, viz. GYMNOSPERMIA, which, except
Phryma, have univerfally four feeds ; the /tigma
bipartite and acute, with the inferior /acinia
reflexed ; it contains 33 genera, viz. Adjugo,
Teucrium, Satureja, Ihymbra, Hyffopus, Nepeta,
Lavandula, Betonica, Sideritis, Mentha, Glecoma,
Orvala, Lamium, Stachys, Galeopfis, Ballota,
Marrubium, Leonurus, Phlomis, Moluccella, Clyno-
podium, Origanum, Thymus, Meliffa, Dracocephalum,
Horminum, Melittis, Ocymum, Trichoflema, Scy-
tellaria, Prunella, Prafium, Phryma; ANGio-
SPERMA, containing 59 genera, viz. Bartfia, Rhi-
uanthus, Euphrafia, Melampyrum, Lathrea,
Schwalbea, Tozzia, Pedicularis, Gerardia, Chelo-
ne, Gefneria, Antirrhinum, Cymbaria, Craniolaria,
Martynia, Torenia, Befleria; Scrophularia, Celfiay
Digitalis, Bignania, Citharexylum, Halleria, Cre-
feentia, Gmelina, Petrea, Lantang, Cornutia, Lo;
efelia, Capraria, Selago, Hebenfiretia, Erinus, Buch-
nera, Browallia, Linnea, Sibthorpia, Limofella,
Stemodia, Zginetia, Obolaria, Orobanche, Dodar:
tia, Lippia, Sefamum, Mimulus, Ruellia, Barle-
via, Duranta, Ovieda, Ellifia, Volkameria, €le-

H rodendrum,

DiI

rodendrum, Vitex, Bontia, Columnea, Acanihus, Pe-
dalium, Melanthus.

DIFFORMIA Folia (0s, & forma, form,
fhape] when on the fame tree there are leaves
of different forms; folia diverfe figura ; asin the
Tithymalus heterophyllus, Rudbeckia foliis inferiori-
bus trilobis, fuperioribus indivifis ; Hibifcus, foliis
inferioribus integris, fupertoribus trilobis ; Lepidi-
um, foliis caulinis pinnato-multifidis, ramis cordatis
amplexicaulibus integris.

Difformis Flos, Anomalus of Tournefort, Irre-
gularis of Linnzus, which fee.

DIFFUSUS Caulis: diffufed ;. ramis patenti-
bus; with fpreading branches, as in the Teucri-
um {cordium.

Diffufa Panicula, when the pedunculi are long,
and not very near each other, the flowers being
confequently difperfed ; oppofed to coarétata.

DIGITATUM Folium [digitus, a finger] that
f{pecies of compound leaf in which more than
one foliclumis connected on the extremity of one
petiolus : they are termed binatum, ternatum, qui-
natum, according to the number of folidla of
which thcy confift.

DIGYNIA [%s, & Yvs», -maler, a woman]
The

DI
The fecond order in each of the firft thirteen
claffes, except the ninth, in the Linnzan fy-
ftem ; it comprehends thofe plants in whofe
fructification there are two Pi/ffilla, which are
confidered as the female parts of generation.

DIMIDIATUM Capfitulum, [dimidius, half ]
hemifpherical, refembling half a head.

DIOECIA [ds, 7s, & Om@, domus, a
hhoufe] The twenty-fecond clafs in the Linne-
an fyftem, confifting of thofe plants which, ha-
ving no hermaphrodite flowers, produce male
and female flowers on feparate plants ; mares et
femina habitant in diverfis thalamis & domiciliis. In
every fpecies of this clafs there is both a male
and a female plant diftintly. The males are
produced from the female feeds, which how-
ever require the vicinity of a male plant, with-
put which they do not propagate. It is necef-
fary to obferve, with regard to the diftinguifh-
ing character of this clafs, that there are fome
particular plants excluded, notwithftanding that
they produce male and female flowers on fepa-
rate plants, asin the Morus, Urtica, Croton, Ru-
mex, Silene, Carex, Rhus, Laurus, Valeriana,
Rhamnus, Cucubalus, &c. but it does not run u-
niformly through the whole genus in any of
them. The orders are fourteen, wiz. Mo-

H2 NANDRIA,

DiI

NANDRSA, containing but one genus, viz. Na-
jas; Di ANDRIA, containing 3 genera, viz. Va-
lifneria, Cecropia, Sax ; TRIANDRIA, contain-
ing 3 genera, viz. Empetrum, Ofjris, Excoecaria 3
‘TETRANDRIA, containing 5 gencra, viz. Hip-
pophe, Trophis, Vifcum, Batis, Myrica; PEn-
TANDRIA, containing 11 genera, viz. Ceratonia,
Trefine, Cannabis, Humulus, Pifiacia,; Zanonia,
Spinacia, Acnida, Antedefma, Zanthoxylon, Fewil-
lea; HEXANDRIA, containing 4 genera, viz.
Smilax, Tamus, Diofcorea, Rajania; OctTan-
DRIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Populus, Rhodis-
la; ENNEANDRIA, containing 2 genera, viz.
Mercurialis, Hydrocharis ; DECANDRIA, con-
taining 4 genera, viz. Datifca, Carica, Kiggelaria,
Coriaria; POLY ANDRIA, containing but one ge-
nus, Viz. Cliffortia; MoNADELP HEA, containing
5 genera, viz, Juniperus, Taxus, Ephedra, Ciffam-
pelos, Adelia; SYNGENESIA, containing but one
genus, viz, Rufcus; GYNANDRItA, containing
but one genus, viz. Clutia.

DIPETALA Corolla [%<, & Mererev, peta-

lum] confifting of two petala, as in the Circea,
Commelina, i

DIPHYLLUS Calyx [3iz, G& vane, folium, 2

leaf] confifting of two leaves, as in the Papaver,
Fumaria.

DI-

DA

DIPLOSAN THERE [A:rro@, duplex, dou-
ble, & Antiera] The feventeenth clafs in Royen’s
fyftem, containing thofe plants whofe Anthere
exceed the number of petala ox fegments of the
Corolla, as far as double the number. It includes
moft of Linnzus’s Ofandria, Decandria, & Do-
decandria.

DEPRESSUM Folium, deprefied, quod in di-
fco migis deprimitur, quam ad latera; hollow in
the centre ; the reverie of gidsum, and very dif-
ferent from compreffum, which fee.

Depreffa Radix, its tranfverfe diameter being
greater than the longitudinal, as in the Braffica
rapa.

DISCUS, a ditk, or quoit; the middle part
of a radiate compound flower, which is fur-
rounded by the Radius. When applied to a
leaf, it means the whole furface, circumfcribed
by the margin; and is either fupinus, fuperior,
or pronus, inferior.

DISPERMA [&-, & Sperma, a feed] produ-
cing two feeds, as the Umbellate & Stellata.

DISSECTUM Folium. See Laciniatum.

DISSEPIMENTUM, a partition ; paries que
fructus

DI

frudtus interne diftinguitur in concamerationes plures,
the partition which diftinguifhes the cavity of
Pericarpia into feparate cells.

DISSILIENS Siligua [d'ffilio, to break, to fhi-
ver] burfting with clafticity, as in the Dentaria
& Cardamine.

DISTANS Perticillus, diftant: when the
flowers which compofe the Verticillus, being few
in number, are diftant.from each other.

Diftantia Stamina, as in the Mentha.

DISTICHA Folia, Rami [ex dis, bis, & Sriyes,
ordo, rank] growing in two rows, or lines drawn
from the éa/fis to the apex of the ftem or branch,
as the leaves of the Abies & Diervilla,

Diflicha Spica, the flowers growing in two
lines, ad utrumque latus fpectantibus, oppofed to
Secunda.

DIVARICATI Rami [divarico, to ftride}
branches ftraddling wide from each other.

DIVERGENTES Rami; diverging, oppo-
pofed to coaréiati.

DODECANDRIA [iatkxa, duodecim, twelve,
“& ane, maritus, a hufband] comprehends thofe
plants

DO

plants which produce hermaphrodite flowers,
which have from twelve to nineteen Stamina,
both numbers inclufive. In this clafs there are
five orders, viz. MonoGywnia, which includes
16 genera, viz. Afarum, Gethillis, Bocconia, Rhi-
fophora, Blakea, Garcinia, Styrax, Winterania,
Halefia, Crateva, Triumfetta, Peganum, Nitra-
ria, Portulaca, Lythrum, Ginora;. Dicynta,
containing 2 genera, viz Heliocarpus, Agrimonia;
TRIGYNIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Refeda,
Euphorbia; PENTAGYNIA, containing but one
genus, viz. Glinus; OcTAGYNIA, containing
but one genus, viz. Illicium; DopECAGYNIA,
containing but one genus, viz. Sempervium.

DODRANS. The feventh degree in the
Linnean fcale for meafuring the parts of
plants : the fpace between the extremity of the
thumb and that of the little-finger when both ex-
tended ; or nine Parifian inches. See Menfura,

DODRANTALIS Caulis [A Dodrans, nine.

inches]. See Dodrans.

DOLABRIFORME Folium [dolabra, an axe}
implies fubftance : in fhape fomewhat refembling
an axe; compreffum, fubrotundum, obtufum, extror=

Jum gibbum, acie acuta, inferne teretrufculum, as in
the Mefembryanthemum dolabrif.

DOR-

DU

DORSALIS 4rifa [probably for dorfualis, a
dorfum, the back] Fixed to the back or exter-
nal part of the Gluma, as in the Avena.

DRUPA [Ages arbor, & wizlo, cado, to fall;
ripe fruit]. A full pulpy Pericarpium, with-
out Valvulz, containing a ftone, as the plumb,
the peach, &c. Fruéius mollis aofficulo, Tournef.
Prunus of others,

DRUPACE# [Drupa] An order of plants
inthe Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus,
containing thefe genera, viz. Amygdalus, Prunus,
Cerafus, Padus.

DUMOS£: [a dumus, a bufb] An order of
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin: —
neus, containing the following gezera, viz. Vi-
burnum, Tinus, Opulus, Scambucus, Rondeletia,
Bellonia, Caffine, Ilex, Tomax, &c.

DUPLICATA Radix [a duplex, double] a
fpecies of the bulbofa, confifting of two folid
bulbs, as in fome fpecies of the Orchis. ‘Thefe
roots are alfo called Te/ficulata.

Duplicate Cotyledones, doubled; a fpecies of
the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Adalva, and
the clafs Zetradynamia,

NC-

EM

DUPLICATO SERRATUM Folium, faw-
ed double, with leffer teeth within the greater,
as Water Hoarhound. Hill.

EB

EBRACTEATUS Racemus [é priv. & bra-
éiea, a bracteal or floral leaf] without bradea,
as in the Ciflus guttatus.

ECAUDATA Corella [2 priv. & Cauda, a
tail] a fpecific term oppofed to the elongation
of the bafe of the Corgl/a in the form of a tail,
as in the Antirrhinum cymbalaria.

ECHINATUM Pericarpium LExin@, Erina-
ceus, a hedgehog] befet with prickles.

EFFLORESCENTIA [efflorefco, to blow, to
bloom] comprehends the precife time of the
year and month when a plant fhews its firft
flowers.

EMARGINATUM Folium [¢, & margo, the
margin] deficient in its margin. When applied
to the apex of a leaf, it fignifies, terminating
in a notch, the margin being difcontinued or
broken, guod terminatur crena.

I Emarginatum

EN
Emarginatum Stigma, notched, as is frequent
in the clafs Didynamia of Linnzeus.

ENERVIUM Folium [é, & nervus, a nerve,
or firing] having no apparent nerves. See

Nervofum.

ENNEANDRIA [Ewa, novem, nine, & ame,
maritus, a hufband] The ninth clafs in the
Linnean fyftem, comprehending fuch herma-
phrodite flowers as bear nine Stamina. ‘The
orders are three, viz. Monocynra, of which
there are threc genera, viz. Laurus, Tinus, Caf-
fytha,; Trreynia, of which there is but one
genus, viz. Rheum, Hexaeynra, of which
there is likewife but one genus, viz. Putomus.

ENNEAPETALA CGvrolla [sve, movem;
nine, & Merwaaa, petalum] confifting of nine
petala, as in Thea, Magnolia, Liriodendron.

ENODIS Caulis, Gulmus [ex @ 8 nodus] “he-
ving no knots, or joints ; quz continuus eft, ‘nec-ar-
ticulis interceptus : oppofed to ariiculatus.

ENSATZ [Enfs, a fword] An order of
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin-

nzus, containing the following genera, viz. Iris,
‘Gladiolus,

ER

Gladiclus, Antholiza, Ixia, Sifyrinchium, Comme-
lina, Xyris, Eriocaulon, Aphyllanthes.

ENSIFORME Folium [enfis, a {word] ef?
anceps a bafi verfus apicem adtenuatum, {haped like
a two-edged fword, gradually tapering to the
point, asin the Anthericum offifrag. S calycula-

tum.

EQUITANTIA Folia [equitans, riding] A
term in foliation, which implies the fides of the
leaves being parallel, and the interior included
by the exterior, as in the Hemerocallis, Poa,
Tris, Acorus, Carex, & Gramina nonnulla.

ERECTUS Caulis, Ramus, Folium; erect,
upright, perpendicular ; but, when applied to a
branch or leaf, muft not be underftood abfolute-
ly, but as forming an acute angle with the
Caulis, fo as to be nearly erect; ad angulum acutif-
fimum cauli adfidens.

Ereéia Anthera, fixed by one extremity to the
apex of the filamentum, oppofed to Incumbens 8

Verfatilis.

EROSUM Folium [ab erodor, to be gnawed]
cum folium finuatum margine alios minimos obtujas
acquirit; when a. finuated leaf has. its. margin
a broken,

FA
broken by fmaller obtufe finufes, as if gnawed
or eaten.

EXSERTA Stamina [ab exfere, to put forth]
when the Stamina appear above the Corolla, op-
pofed to inclufa, exemplified in the Erica multi-

flora.

EXSTIPULATUS [ab ex, & /iipula, ftubble
or ftraw] without //pule, as in the Cardamine

parvifiore.

EXSUCCUM Folium (ex, & fuccus, juice] re-
gards the fubftance of leaves; dry, oppofed te

fucculentum.

EXTRAFOLIACE Stpule [extra, & Soli
um] growing on the outfide of the leaves of the
plant, asin the Betula, Tilia, Alnus, and the
clafs Diadelphia.

F.

FARCTUM Filium [ farcio, to ftuff, to
cram] oppofed to Tubulsfum, and Fifiulofum.

FASCICULATA Folia (Fafciculus, a little
bundle] leaves growing in bunches or bundles,
; _ many

-

FA

many of them from the fame point, as in the
Larix, Pinus, &c.

FASCICULARIS Radix [a Fafcis, a bundle]
bundled ; a fpecies of the Tuberofe root, in
which the knobs are colle&ted in bundles, as in
Paonia.

FASCICULUS [dim. 4 fafcis, a bundle] a
{pecies of inflorefcence, in which the flowers
grow ere¢t, parallel, clofe to each other, form-
ing together a flat furface ; colligit flores erecios,
parallelos, faftigiates, approximatos, as in the D:-
anthus barbatus, Sweetwilliam.

FASCIATA Planta [ fafcis, a bundle] when
many caules srow together fo as to forma com-
pact bundle.

FASTIGIATI Pedunculi [Faftigium, the
apex, or top of a pyramid, &c.] pointed at the
top. Linnzus applies this term to flowers whofe
pedunculi are fo proportioned in length as to
form a horizontal plain, exemplified in the Di-
anthi & Silenes, There is a manifeft impro-
pricty in this application, unlefs we fuppofe the
pyramid inverted.

FAUX, the jaws or chops; the Aiatus of the
tube

FI

tube of the Corellia; occurring frequently in the
clafs Didynamia of Linneus.

FEMINA Plania, female plant; producing
on the fame root female flowers only.

Femineus flos, producing figmata, but no an-
thera. :

FIBROSA Redix [a ftbra, a fibre] a fibrous
root ufed by former botanifts to fignify that kind
of root which not exceeding in dimentfion the ba-
fis of its ftem, defcends perpendicularly in one
firaight fibre, as in Paffinaca, Raphanus, &c.:
but Linnzus applies it to thofe roots only
which confift entirely of fmall fibres, or Radi-

cula.

FILAMENTOSA Radix [Filum, a thread]
a fpecies of the Fibrofa, asin grafs. Hill.

FILAMENTUM [a Filum, a thread] that
thread-like part of the Stamen, which fupports
the Anthera, and connects it with the Receptacu-
lum.

. FILICES [4 flum, a thread, gu. filatim incifa]
Ferns; one of the feven tribes or families of
the vegetable kingdom, according to Linnzus,
by whem it is thus chara¢lerized; having their

fructification

F I

fruttification on the backfide of the Fronds,
They conititute the firft order in the clafs Cry-
plogamia, and confift of 16 genera, which are
divided into fruétificationes fpicate, frondofa, &
radicales, This order comprehends the entire
xvi clafs of Tournefort, in whofe fyftem ‘the
Filices make only a fingle genus, in the firtt fec-
tion of the above-mentioned clafs.

Filices, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
method: naturalis of Linneus.

FILIFORMIS Filamentum, Stylus, Recepta-
culum [Filum, a thread, & forma, form or
fhape] of an equal thicknefs from top to bot-
tom, oppofed to /ubulatus.

FIMBRICATA Petale [Fimbria, a barder,
or fringe] fringed, as in the Adenyanthes, Paf-

A ora,

FISSUM Folium [a findor, to be cloven] cleft,
or divided half-way down, its finufes being li-
near and margins ftraight, jinubus linearibus,
marginibus reéiis: according to the number of
divifions it is called bifidum, trifidum, quadrifidum,
quinquefidum, multifidum. It differs from the
Lobatum in its fiffures not being fo deep, nor
concave, nor wide; and from Partitum, in be-
ing divided only half-way dowa,
Fi-

FL

FISTULOSUS Caulis [a Fiftula, a pipe] a
hollow ftem, oppofed to Faréus.
Fiftulofum folium, as in the Ocnanthe fiftulofa,

FLABELLUM, a fan. Ludwig defines it
to be caulis lateralis repens vel fub terra, vel in ejus
fuperficie, ex cujus nodis in inferiore parte fibrille
exeunt. Inftitut, § 395. The Repens caulis of
Linnzus, which fee.

FLACCIDUS Pedunculus, feeble, flaccid, —
oppofed to rigidus, ftridius; cum ita debilis ut a
proprio forts pandere dependeat,

Flaccidus Caulis, as in the Galium mollugo,

FLAGELLUM [a flagrum, a whip or thong}
a barren twig or {hoot like a thong, as in the
Fragaria vefca; herbaceous as in the Rubus fa-
xatilis.

FLEXUOSUS Caulis, Culmus, having ma-
ny turnings; taking a different dire¢tion at e-
very joint ; horfum verfum flexus, as in the Smilax.

FLORALIA Folia (Flos, a flower] are thofe
leaves which immediately attend the flower :
when they differ in fhape or colour from the o-
ther leaves, they are termed Brace,

FLO-

FO
FLORALIS Gemma [ fies] regards the con-

tents of the gemma; containing a flower, oppo-
fed to foliaris.

FLORIFER/ Gemma [ flos, & fero, to bear]

producing flowers.

FLOS, a flower. Flowers are the organs of
generation of plants together with their cover-
ing. ‘They may be either terminales, laterales,
Sparft, feffiles, pedunculati, unicus, leer ids: ternt,
&c. copiofi, erecti, cerni, nutantes, verticales, or
horizontales. ‘The effential parts of a flower are
the Anthera and Stigma, which conftitute its ex-

iftence, with or without teguments,

FLOSCULUS, a little flower; one of the
difting flowers, or florets, which compofe a
Flos aggregatus, an aggregate flower, as in the
clals Syngenefia of the fexual fyftem of Linnzus.

FOLIACEZ Glandule, when upon the
leaves: thefe are either in the ferratures, as in
the Salix; on the befis, as in the Amygdalus,
Cucurbita, Eleocarpus, Impatiens, Padus, Opu-
lus ; on the back, as in the Urena, Tamarix,
Croton ; or on the fuperficies, as in the Pingu:
cola, Drofera, &c.

K rO-

FO
FOLIARIS Cirrus [ folium, a leaf] a ten-

dril proceeding from a leaf.
Foitaris Gemmatio, regards the contents of the
gemma, and not its origin ; containing leaves,

oppofed to fioralis,

FOLIATIO Planta [ folium] the complica-
tion of the leaves whilft folded within the Gem-
ma, or bud: it is either invaluta, reveluta, obvo-
‘uta, convoluta, imbricata, equitantia, conduplicata,
plata, reclinata, or circinalia,

FOLIATUS Caulis ; covered with leaves, as
in the Gladiolus,

FOLIIFERA Gemma [folium, & fero, to

bear] producing leaves.

FOLIOLUM [dim. of folium, a green leaf]
one of the fingle leaves which together confti-
tute a folium compofitum. :

FOLIOSUM Capitulum [ folium] leafy, co-
vered or intermixed with leaves, oppofed to
nudum.

FOLIUM, aleaf; the green leaf of a vegeta-
ble. Leaves, according to Linnzus, are the
lungs

FR

lungs of plants by which they attract and tran-
{pire the air: they are fimplex or compofitum.

FOLLICULUS [dim. a follis, a bag] a fpe-
cies of Pericarpium firft mentioned by Linnzus
in his Delineatio Plante : it is univalvis, or bival-
vis: it feems to exprefs what he formerly de-
noted by conceptaculum.

Folliculi are little glandular veffels diftended
with air, on the furface of fome plants, as at
the root of the Utricularia, and on the leaves
of the Aldrovanda: in the firft inftance they are
vafcula bicornia, and in the latter folliculi Jfemictr-
culares,

FORNICATUM Petalum [Fornix, an arch
or vault] arched, or vaulted, as in the Lamium,

Galeopfis, Stachys.

FREQUENS Planta, frequent, when grow-
ing fpontaneoufly in great numbers, fynonym,
with Vulgaris.

FRONDESCENTIA [ frons, a leaf] com-
prehends the precife time of the year when a
plant firft unfolds its leaves.

FRONDOSUS caudex [ frons, which fee] as
in the Palme.
K 2 Frondofus

FR

Frondofus prolifer flos. A proliferous flower is

faid to be frondofus when the proles are faolioft,
leafy.

FRONS, a leaf or branch of a tree: ufed
by Linnzeus to exprefs the peculiar kind of
leaves of palms and ferns ; Trunci fpecies ex ra-
mo coadunatus folio, &F fepius fruétificatione,

FRUCTESCENTIA [Fruétus, fruit] com-
prehends the precife time of the year when a
plant fcatters its ripe feeds.

FRUCTIFICATIO [ fraéus, fruit] as de-
fined by Linnzus, ¢f vegetabilium pars tempora-
ria, generationi dicata, antiqguum terminans, novum
incipiens ; the temporary part of vegetables, ap-
propriated to generation, terminating the old
vegetable and beginning the new. It confifts
of feven diftin&t parts, viz. Calyx, Corella, Sta-
mina, Piftillum, Pericarpium, Semen, Receptacu-
lum. Fruéiificatio may be either: /i yo ae or con

pofita ex flofculis.

FRUCTIFLOR [Fruéius, fruit, & flos,
a flower] The tenth clafs in Royen’s fyftem :
it contains the Coronati of Linneus’s Adethodus
Calycina.

FRU- ©

FR

FRUSTRANEA Polygamia [ frufira, to no
purpofe] The third order in the clafs Syngenefa
of Linnzus, containing thofe plants in the com-
pofition of whofe flowers fome of the fiafcul:
are hermaphrodite, and others neuter; in
which cafe the latter are of no confequence,
the fructification being perfect in the herma-
phrodites.

FRUTEX, a fhrub. Shrubs, according to
Linneus, make a branch of the feventh family
in the vegetable kingdom, and are diftinguifhed
from trees in that they come up without buds ;
but this diftinction is not univerfal, though it
be generally juft with regard to thofe of Eu-
rope. Nature hath made no abfolute diftinc-
tion between fhrubs and trees, Fyutex, in its
general acceptation, is a plant whofe trunk is
perennial, gemmiparous, woody, dividing and
fubdividing into a great number of branches.
In fhort, it is the epitome of a tree, exemplified
in the rofe-buth.

FRUTICOSUS Caulis [a Frutex, a fhrub]
See Frutex.

FUGACISSIMA Petala [ fugax, fleeting] of
very fhort continuance ; foon falling off, as in
the Cardamine impatiens,

FUL-

FU

FULCRATUS Caulis, Ramus: [ fulcio, to
prop] the branch defcending to the ground, and
fupporting the ftem, as in the Ficus.

FULCRUM, a prop, a fupport. Fukra,
fays Linnzus, edminicule funt pro commodiore fuf-
tentatione: rather, Fule-a are certain minute
parts of plants which ferve to ftrengthen, fup-
port, and defend them : they are of feven dif-
ferent kinds, viz. Petiglus, Stipula, Cirrbus, Pu-
bes, Arma, Brattea, Pedunculus.

FUNGI [a coyyes, fungus] One of the
feven families or tribes of the vegetable
kingdom, according to Linnzus, comprehend-
ing all thofe which are of the mufhroom kind,
and which in Tournefort conftitute the 2d,
3d, 4th, sth, 6th, 7th, and 8th genera of the
firft feétion in the clafs xvii.

Fungi, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linneus.

FURCATA /frons [a furca, a fork] forked,
as in the ‘fungermannia furcata,
Furcata Seta, asin the Leontodon hifpidum.

FURCZE, forks ; a fpecies of Arma growing
on the furface of certain plants for their defence
againft external injuries: they are bifida, trifi-

cay

GE

dz, &c, according to the number of prongs of
which each furca confifts. Thefe Furce are
exemplified in the following plants, Berberis,
Ribes, Gleditfia, Mefembryanthemum, Ofteofper-

mum, Ballota, Barleria, Fagonia, Poterium,

FUSIFORMIS Radix [4 Fufus, a f{pindle]

fpindle-fhaped root, z. ¢. tapering downward

to a point, as in the Daucus, Paffinaca, &c.
Fufiforme folium, as in the Craffula rubens.

G.

GALEA [8 ya, felis, a cat] an helmet ; a

_ term.applied to the Corel/a of the clafs Gynan-

dria, and fome of the Dydinamia when it is
formed into the fhape of an helmet, exempli-
fied in the Orchis, and in the Pedicularis roftrata.

GALEATUM labium [a Galea, an helmet]
fhapedilike an ‘helmet, -as in the Rinanthus.

GEMINZE Stipule, erewing in pairs, as in

mott plants.

GEMINATUS Pedunculus [geminus, double]

_two proceeding from the fame part ; growing

in ‘pairs.

GiM-

GE

GEMMA [an a geno, i.e. gigno; ana yee,
plenus fum] a bud; an hybernaculum on the a-
fcending caudex: it confifts either of Stipule, Pe-
tioli, the rudiments of leaves, or cortical /quam-
me. The various f{pecies of gemme are decidua,
folitfera, folufere S florifera diflinite, foliifere
& jfiorifere feminea, foliifera & florifere mafeu=
la, folufere & florifera hermaphrodite, fottifero-
flrifera.

GEMMATIO [gemma, a young bud] the
formation of the gemma from leaves, /fipule, pe-
tioli, or fguamme. With regard to its bulb, it
is folidus, tunicatus, /quammatus, or caulinus ; as
to its origin, it is pettolaris, /tipularis, or cortica-
lis; and in refpect to its contents, foliaris, flo-
ralis, communis.

GEMMIPARUS [Gemma, a bud, & pario, to
bear] producing buds,

GENERA Planterum, is the fecond fubdivi-
fion in the Linnzan fyftem: it comprehends
an afiemblage of fpecies, fimilar in their parts
of fructification, under the fame clafs and
order.

GENICULATUS Caulis, Culmus, Pedun-
culus [genu, the knee] in its general acceptation
fignifies

GL

fignifies jointed, fynonymous with articulatus ;
but in Linnzus it implies the joints forming a
very obtufe angle, as when the knee is a little
bent 5 flexuofus in a {mall degree.

GENICULUM [eenu, the knee] the little
knots or joints of a Culmus.

GERMEN, a fprout or bud; the bafis of
the Piffillum; the rudiment cf the fruit yet 7
embryo,

GIBBUM Folium [gibba, a hump on the
back] quod utramque fuperficiem facit convexam, me:
diante coptofiore pulpa ; when by means of the in-
termediate pulp both furfaces are rendered con-
vex.

Gibbum Perianthium, regards the bafe of the
Perianthium, as in the clafs Diadelphia & Tetra-
dynama of Linnzus.

GLABER, Caulis, Folium ; fmooth, having
an even furface, quod fuperficte levi eft, abfque
omni inequalitate: oppofed to Scaber, and ex-
emplified in the Daphne lauresla, Arbutus unedo.

GLADIATA filiqua [a gladius, a {word or
knife] fhaped like a fword, as in the Cleome arabica.

GLANDUL&, a fpecies of fecretory, or

L excretory

ai

GL

excretory veflels on the furface of fome
plants : they are either petiolares, foliacee, ftipu-
lares, capillares, or port.

GLANDULATIO [glans, an acorn, a
gland], regards the fecretory veffels of plants ;
thefe are Glandula, Folliculi, or Utriculi.

GLANDULIFERA Scabrities, a fpecies of
fetaceous Scabrities on the furface of fome
plants, in which there are minute glands on the
extremity of each briftle, as in the Rides. Lin.
This is undoubtedly a very improper applica-
tion of the word Scabrities.

GLAREOSIS, /acis underftood [glareo, gra-
vel] growing generally on a dry gravelly foil.

GLAUCOPHYLLUOS [Paavxes, glaucus, blue,
& vary, folium, a leaf] azure-leaved, as the
Canna glauca.

GLOBOSA Radix, [a globus, a globe] a round
root, as in Bunium, and fome fpecies of Ra-
nunculus, &c.

Globofum Capitulum, a round capitulum, diftin- —
guifhed from /ubrotundum, dimidiatum.

GLOBULARIS Scabrities [dim. a globus, a

— round

GL

round ball or globe] A fpecies of glandular
Scabrities, fcarce vifible to the naked eye, the
fimall grains of which are exaétly globular, on
the furface of fome plants, as in the #riplex,
Chenopodium, &c.

GLOCHIDES [faexis, cufpis, a point] the
fall points of the pubes of plants. In the Phil.
Botanica Linneus applies this term only to the
hami-triglochides, three-pointed, as in the Lap-

pula.

GLOMERATA Spica [a glomus, a clue of
yarn or thread] indicates the flowers growing
clofe together in fomewhat of a globular form,
as in the Pancium tialicum.

Glomerata Panicula, as in the Poa ciliaris.

GLUMA (A giubo, to ftrip the bark from a
tree] hufk, chaff; a fpecies of calyx peculiar
to corn and grafs, infolding the ari/fa : it may
be uniflora, multiflora, univalvis, bivalvis, multi-
walvis, colorata, glabra, bifpida.

GLUMOSUS [from Gluma] applied to an
aggregate flower with a filiform Receptaculum,
whofe da/is is provided with a common Gluma,
hutk,

L 2 GLU-

GR
GLUTINOSITAS [gluten, glue, pafte] a

fpecies of Pubes, according to Linnzus; but
in what refpect different in its fignification from
Vifesfitas, 1 am at a lofs to determine, unlefs
he intends that it fhould mean vifcofity in a
higher degree, covered with a ftiffer glue.

GRAMINA, graffes; one of the feven tribes,
or families, of the vegetable kingdom, accord-
ing to Linnzus, by whom it is thus charaéteri-
fed : having the moft fimple leaves, an articu-
lated culmus, a glumofe calyx, and a fingle feed.
‘This family includes the feveral kinds of corn
as well as grafies. In Tournefort the gramina
(graffcs only) make the 8th genus of the 3d
fection in clafs xv. Graminum folia pecoribus &
jumentis lata pafcua; Semina minora avibus, ma-
jora bominibus efculenta funt.

Gramina, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnzus.

GRANULATA Radix [from granum, a
grain] granulated ; confifting of many little
knobs attached by fmall ftrings, as in the

Saxifraga granulata; ‘Thefe roots are alfo call-
ed aggregata,

GYMNOSPERMIA [Toeves, nudus, naked,
& Zweguea, feed] The firft order in the clafs
Didynamia

a)

Didynamia of Linnzus: it comprehends thofe
plants, of that clafs, which have naked feeds.
The feeds are conftantly four in number, except
in one genus, viz. Phryma, which is monofpermus.
Thefe are the Labiatz.of Tournefort, and /er-
ticillate of Ray.

GYNANDRIA [Tom, mulier, 2 woman, &
Ame, vir, aman] The twentieth clafs in the
Linnean fyftem ; it confifts of thofe hermaphro-
dite plants whofe /famina grow either upon the
Stylus, or on an elongated Recepiaculum, refem-
bling a Stylus, and fupporting both Piftillum and
Stamina. ‘The firftorder, viz. DrIAnprRra, of
this clafs, is a natural one, the genera differing
only in the Neéartum. ‘The ftruéture of the
parts of fructification of this order is very fin-
gular: the Germen is always contortum; the Pe-
tala are five, of which the two interior general-
ly approach fo as to forma Galea, whofe infe-
rior /abium becomes Neétarium, which alfo

-fupplies the place of a Pi/fillum and fixth Peia-
lum; the Stylus adheres to the inferior margin
of the Neétarium, fo that it is hardly diftin-
guifhable; the Filamenta are invariably two,
fhort, fupporting two Anthere, which grow
narrow downward, are naked, and divifible
like the pulp of the Citrus : thefe are included
in two cellule which are open below, and adhere

to

er a tity

HA

to the interior margin of the NeSarium. The
fruit is a Capfula, unilocularis, trivalvis, dividing
under the carinate ribs. The feeds are fcobiform,
numerous, fixed in each valvula to a linear Re-
ceptaculum, Vives aphrodifiace omnibus his plantis
ab omnibus medicis adfcribuntur. This order has
eight genera, viz. Orchis, Satyrium, Ophrys, Se-
rapies, Limodorum, Cypripedium, Epidendrum, A-
rethuja : "TRIANDRIA, containing but one ge-
nus, viz. Sifyrinchum: TETRANDRIA, contain-
ing but one genus, viz. Nepenthes; PENTAGY-
NIA, containing two genera, viz. Ayena & Paf-
fifora; HExaNDRIA, containing but one genus,
viz. Ariftolochia; OCTANDRIA, containing but
one genus, viz. Piffia; DECANDRIA, contain-
ing but one genus, viz. Helicteris; PoLYAND-
RIA, containing feven genera, viz. Xylopia,
Grewia, Pothos, Dracontium, Calla, Arum, Zo-

Sfiera.

H.

HABITUALIS Character [Habitus] The
character or defcription of a plant taken from
its habitus, Which according to Linneus confifts
in the placentatio, radicatio, ramificatio, intorfio,
foliatio, fipulatio, pubefcentia, inflorefcentia.

HA-

H A
HABITUS Plante, habit, external appear-

ance, facies externa ; fo it was underftood by
former botanifts ; but Linneus inthe Phil, Bo-
tan. defines it thus, conformitas quedam vegetabi-
lium affinium & congenerum in placentatione, radi-
catione, ramificatione, intoxfione, gemmatione, folia-
tione, fipulatione, pubcfcentia, glendutatione, la-
fiefcentia, inflorefcentia, aliifque. In his Delinea-
tio Planta, we find under the general title Hadi-
tus, vernatio, aftivatio, fomnus, vartatio, fpanfa-
lia, feminatio.

HAMOSA feta [Aun, falx, a hook, afking
‘Mr Ainfworth’s pardon] hooked. Setaceous
or briftly pubefcence is termed hamofa when the
apex of each feta is curved : adherent animalibus
pretereuntibus, fays Linneus. Hami are either
‘triglachides, as in the Lappula; or incurvi, as in
the Aréium, Marrubium, Xanthium, Petiveria.

HASTATUM Folium [Hafia, a fpear] a.
leaf in fhape refembling the head of an halbert,
triangulare, bafi lateribufque excavatis angulis patu-
lis, as in the Scutellarya ba/ftifolia.

HEDERIFOLIA [Hedera, the ivy] ivy-lea-
ved, as in Veronica hederifolia.
HEMISPHERICUS Calyx [cx dus, femis, half,

&

HE

& oQwien, [phera,a {phere] half a fphere, as in
the Tanacetum.

HEPTANDRIA [E-le, feptem, feven, & A-
vie, maritus, a hufband] Linnzus’s feventh
clafs, comprehending thofe hermaphrodite
flowers which have feven Stamiza ; it has four
orders, viz. MonoGynia, which contains two
genera, viz. Trientalis, Aifculus ; Dicynia,
which has but one genus, viz. Limeum; TR1-
GywniA, alfo with but one genus, viz. Saururus;
Hepracynta, in which there is likewife but
one genus, viz. Septas.

HERBA [de etym. parum conflat] an herb :
according to Linnzeus, it is that part of the ve-
getable which arifes from the root, is termina-
ted by the fruétification, and comprehends the
truncus, folia, fulera, & hybernaculum.

Herbz, properly fpeaking, are thofe plants
whofe {tems perifh annually. Yournef.

HERBACE Plante [herba, an herb] are
thofe plants which annually perifh down to the
root ; for in the perennial kinds the gemme
are produced on the root. Lz.

Herbaceus Caulis, indicates the time of dura-
tion of the ftem; dying annually : not woody,
oppofed to Fruticofus, & Suffruticofus.

_ HER-

HE

HERMAPHRODITUS Fils [ab Eguns, Mer-
cury, & Adggodsrn, Venus] that which contains both
Anthere and Stigma: of this kind are all Lin-
nzus’s 24 clafles, except the 21ft, 22d, & 24th.
A plant is called. Hermaphrodita, when on the
fame root it produces hermaphredite flowers
only. There are alfo Flores hermaphroditi, male
hermaphrodites, and hermaphrodite, female her-
maphrodites: the firft is when the Pi/ullum,
the fecond, when the Stamina are abortive ; but
thefe inftances are rare.

-HESPERID & [Hefperides, whofe orchards
produced golden fruit]. An order of plants
in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus,
containing thefe genera, viz. Citrus, Styrax, Gar-
cinia.

HEXAGONUS Caulis. See Trigonus.

HEXANDRIA [E2, /fex, fix, & Ame, wir,
a man] The fixth clafs in the Linnzan fyftem ;
it confifts of thofe plants which produce her-
maphrodite flowers with fix Stamina, of equal
length. The orders are five, viz, Monocy-
NIA, of which there are 51 genera, viz. Brome-
lia, Tillandfia, Burmannia, Tradefcantia, Pontede-
ria, Hamanthus, Galanthus, Leucojum, Narciffus,
Pancratium, Crinum, Amaryllis, Bulbecodium, A-

Bee ere M phyllanthes,

HE

phyllanthes, Allium, Lilium, Fritillaria, Uvula-
ria, Gloriofa, Evithronium, Tulipa, Albuca, Hy-
poxis, Ornithogalum, Scilla, Cyanella, Afphodelus,
Anthericum, Leontice, Afparagus, Convallaria, Po-
lianthes, Hyacinthus, Aletris, Yucca, Aloe, Agave,
Alfiroemeria, Hemerocallis, Acorus, Orontium, Ca-
lamus, “funcus, Achras, Richardia, Burfera,
Prinos, Berberis, Loranthus, Frankenia, Peplis ;
Dicynia, containing 3 genera, viz. Velezia,
Oryza, Atraphaxis; TRIGYNIA, containing 9
genera, viz. Flagellaria, Rumex, Scheuchzeria,
Triglchin, Melanthium, Medeola, Trillium, Col-
chicum, Helonia; TETRAGYN1A contains but
one genus, viz. Petiveria; POLIGYNIA contains
but one genus, viz. Alifma. WHexandriz radices
fecundum faporem & odorem edules aut noxiz
funt: edules funt radicesinodorate. Lin,

HEXAGYNIA [¢, fex, fix, & Tom, mulier,
a woman] One of the orders in the 9th and
13th claffes in the Linnzean fyftem ; containing
thofe plants in whofe frudtification there are
fix Stylr, which are confidered as the female or-
gans of generation.

HEXAPETALA Corolla [&, fex, 8& Werenror,

petalum] confifting of fix petala, as in the Tu-

Lipa, Lilium, Podophyllum,
HEX-

etn,

HI
HEXAPHYLLUS Calyx [®vrare, folium, a

leaf ] Confifting of fix leaves, as in the Berberis.

HIANS Corolla, gaping ; a fpecific diftinc-
tion, exemplified in the Melampyrum fylvaticum ;
oppofed to claufa.

HILUM, the black eye of a bean ; the ex-
ternal mark on the feed by which it was fixed
to the fruit, evident in the Cardio/permum & Sta-
phylaa.

HIRSUTUS calyx, rough, hairy, as in the
Serratula alpina.

HISPIDUS Caulis: fetis rigidis afperfus 5 co-
vered with ftrong fragile briftles, or prickles,
but whofe roots are only fuperficial, fo as to
ftrip off with the rind, as in the Braffica eruca-

rum.

Hifpidum Folium, as in the Turritis birfuta.

HOLERACE [Olus, pot-herbs, or herbs
for fogd] An order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linneus, containing thefe
genera, Spinacia, Blitum, Beta, Galenia, Atri-
plex, Chenopodium, Rivina, Petiveria, Herniaria,,
Illecebrum, &c.

M 2 HO-

ee

HORIZONTALIS Flos [horizon] growing
with its difk parallel to the plain of the hori-
zon, oppofed to verticalis, Or, perhaps Lin-
nus may mean proceeding from the ftem in a
horizontal direction.

Horixzontalis Radix, a {pecies of Caudex defcen-
dens, qua {ub terra tranfverfim extenditur, extend-
ing horizontally, as in the Iris.

Hrizontale folium, growing at right angles
with the ftem. .

HYBERNACULUM, a place to winter in ;
eft herbe compendium fuper radicem antequam excre-
feens : it is that part of the plant which inclofes
and fecures the embryo from external injuries
during the winter; it is either a Bulbus, or a
Gemma,

HYBRIDA Planta [r€es, injuria, injury,
difhonour] A monftrous production of twa
different {pecies, analogous to a mule in the a-
nimal creation. The feeds of thefe plants will
not propagate. This term was ufed by former
botanifts to exprefs what Linnzus calls Polyga-
mia, which fee. Thefium linophyllon, Antirrhi-
uum fpurium, Linaria, are examples of the hy-
brida.

HYPOCRATERIFORMIS Carolla Foxe, ab,
&

rc

& xearng, evater, a cup] A monopetalous Coral-
la fo called when the Limbus expands horizon-
tally in the form of a falver, diftinguithed, in
having a tubus, from the rotatus ; exemplified
inthe Afjofotis feorpioides, Hottonia.

2

ICOSANDRIA [Eizoct, viginti, & Ayme, ma-
ritus, a hufband] the twelfth clafs in the Lin-
nzan fyftem, comprehending thofe plants which
have hermaphrodite flowers with twenty or
more Stamina ; but the number of the Stamina
is not to be confidered as a pofitive characteri-
ftic. ‘The claffical character, which diftinguith-
es this from the clafs Polandria, is, 1. a mono-
phyllous concave Calyx ; 2. the unguis of the
Corolla fixed to the infide of the Calyx ; 3. the
Stamina above nineteen in number, and infert-
ed in the fides either of the Calyx or Corolla.
The orders are five, wiz. Monocynta, in
which there are 9 genera, viz. Caétus, Philadzl-
pous, Pfidium, Eugenia, Myrtus, Punica, Amyg-
dalus, Prunus, Chryfobalanus ; Diacynta, con-
taining but one genus, viz. Crategus; 'Tricy-
NIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Sorbus, Sefuvium ;
PENTAGYNIA, containing 6 genera, viz. Me/pi-
lus, Pyrus, Tetragonia, Mefembryanthemum, Ai-

Z00M,

IM

zoon, Spirca; POLYGYNIA, containing 9 genera,
viz. Rofa, Rubus, Fragaria, Potentilla, Tormen- |
tilla, Geum, Dryas, Cemarum, Calycanthus.. 1-.
cofandre fruétus pulpofus eft ciculentus. Liz.

_ IMBERBIS Corolla ; beardlefs, as the Jris,
& Gentiana filiformts.

IMBRICATUS Caulis, Culmus, Calyx [Im-
brex, a tile] covered with, or confifting of fcales
in the manner of tiles upon a houfe. When
applied to leaves, it regards their /itus ; regular-
ly covering each other like tiles. As a term of .
foliation, it implies the leaves being parallel,
having flat furfaces, and reciprocally covering
each other, as in the Syringa, Liguftrum, Phil-
lyrea, Laurus, Campanula, &¢. Examples of
the Calyx imbricatus may be feen in the Laétuca,
and many others of the clafs Syngenefia of Lin-
nexus.

IMMUT & Cotyledones, unaltered ; a fpecies
of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Legumi-
na, Poma, Drupe, and in the clafs Didy-

namia.

IMPAR, odd; cum impare, applied to a fo-
lium pinnatum terminating with an odd leaf.

Ing)

IN

INZ.QUALIS Corolla, unequal, as in the
Butomus, Salvia pratenfis.

INANIS Caulis [ab Inanie, cobwebs] neither
filidus, nor yet fifulofus, but pithy.

INCANUM™M Folium, covered with a whitith
down, as in the Draba incana. See Tomentofum.

INCISUM Folium, cut, as in the Ravunculus
auricomus. See Laciniuium.

Incifum foliolum, ixeegularly cut in the margin,
as in the Anemone nemorofa, apinnina.

INCLINATA Radix, inclined ; running
obliquely, as in the Statice. Hill.

INCLUDENS Calyx ; [includo, to include,
or fhut up| fhutting up, and concealing the
Corolla, as in the Phalaris.

INCLUSA Stamina [ab in, & claudo, to fhut
in} when the Stamina are included within the |
Corolla, as in the Erica vulgaris; it is oppofed
to exferta.

INCOMPLETUS Fibs, Vail. Stamineus of
Ray. Imperfecius of fome botanifts; Apetalus
of Tournefort. See Apetalus.

AT
BN

IN
INCRASSATUS Pedunculus, [incraff,

make thick, to fatten] increafing in tticknefs
as it approaches the flower, as in the Cotula,
Tragopogon, and mott of the cernuus kind.

INCUMBENS Anthera [incumbo, to lean a-
gainft] having its fide fixed to the fllamentum,
oppofed to Ereéta.

Incumbentia Stamina; asin the clafs Diadelphia
ot Linnets.

INCURVATUS Caulis: bowed. The fe-
cond degree of curvature towards the earth.
See declinatus & nutans.

INDIVISUM Folium, undivided, cae tg
to fiffum.

INERME Folium, [ex in priv. & arma] un-
armed, oppoted to /pinofum, pungens.

Inerme {pinofum, foft prickled, the edge ter-
minating in foft harmlets thorns, as gentle thifile.
Hill.

INFERUS Fibs [ab infra, beneath]. When
the receptaculum of the flower is fituated below
the germen, or fruit, as in the Diandria Mh-
nogynia ; oppofed to Superus, It forms a

divifion in fome of Tournefort’s clafles under
the-

iN

the title of pz/tillo abeunte in frudium, oppofed to
Calyce abeunte in frucéium.

INFLATUM Perianthium [in, & flatus, a
puff, a blaft] as if blown up like a bladder ; belly-
ing out in the middle, oppofed to reflexum, tubu-
lofum, patens.

Inflatum Pericarpium, cum inftar vefice ca-
vum fit, nec repletur feminibus, as in the Fu-
maria cirrhofa.

INFLEXA Folia [inflecfo, to bend inward]
leaves bending upwards towards the ftem, dum
furfum arcuantur verfus caulem,

INFLORESCENTIA, Inflorefcence, com-
prehends the various modes in which flowers
are joined to the plant by the Pedunculus; which
modes are exprefled by the following terms,
Verticillus, Capitulum, Spica, Corymbus, Thyrfusy
Racemus, Panicula. In the Phil, Botanica the
terms Axzllares, Oppofitifolii, Interfoliacei, Late-
rifolii, Petiolares, Cirrhiferi, were alfo under
‘the general head of Inflorefcentia, but they are
fince tranfplanted under Pedunculus loco, Vid.
Delin. Planta.

INFUNDIBULIFORMIS Corolla [ Infundi-
Sulum, 2 funnel] monopetalons and conical,
with

IN

with a tubular da/is, as in the Litho/permum, Cy-
nogloffum, Pulmonaria.

INSERTUS Petiolus [ab inferor, to be put
in] as it were inferted into the ftem, oppofed to
adnatus, decurrens, &c.

INTEGER Caulis. Linnzus, in the Pdil.
Botanica, explains this term by the word /mplii-
ciffimus, and adds, ramis vix ullis ; but, in his
Delineatio Planta, he gives us /impliciffimus as a fe-
parate term ; therefore it fhould feem that ra-
mis vix ullis belongs to fimpliciffimus, and to in-
teger, ramis nullis ; but then what fhall we in-
fer from thefe terms being, in the Delineatio
Planta, ranged thus, enodis, fimpliciffimus, fim-
plex, integer ?

Integrum folium, a leaf with an entire ee
ded margin, finu omni deflitutum; oppofed to
cordatum, lunatum, fiffum, lobatum, palmatum,
&c.

Integer Calyx, as in Genipa, oppofed to bifi-
dus, trifidus, &c.

INTEGERRIMUM Folium [integer, entire]
cujus margo extimus integer abfque omni crena eft,

whofe margin is perfectly entire, without the
leaft

IN
te | |
Teaft notch, or /inus, as : the Rhamnus frangu-

la, Trientalis europea.

INTERFOLIACEUS Pedimculus [inter, be-
tween, & folium, a leaf ] proceeding from be-
tween oppofite leaves, but ranged alternately;
as in the Afclepias.

INTERRUPTE FPolium pinnatum, the feries
of larger folicla being interrupted by pairs of
fmaller ones, foliolis alternis minoribus.

Interrupta Spica, broken, or interrupted, by
intervals of lefs flowexs, as in the Mentha /pi-
cata.

INTORSIO [im, & torfio, writhing] fignifies
the bending; or turning, or twifting of any part
of a plant, flexio partium verfus alterum latus, as
caulis, or cirrbus volubilis.

INTRAFOLIACES: Stipule (intra, & foli-
um] growing on the infide of the leaves of the
plant, as in the Ficus, & Morus.

INUNDATA toca [in, & unda; a wave, or
water] according to Linnzus are places which
are overflowed only in winter, hyeme repleta aqua,
aflate putrida exficcata, imbribus interdum fuffufa.

Inundate, a natural order of plants which

N 2 grow

oN om

grow in the water; they form the fifth natural
clafs in Scopoli’s Fiera Carniolica.

Jnundate, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
methedi naturalis of Linneus.

INVOLUCELLUM [dim. ab Involucrum] a
partial Jnvelucrum; the Calyx of a Pedicellus, as
in the Euphorbia, & Panicum viride.

INVOLUCRATUS Verticillus [involucrum]

having an Jnvolucrum,
Involucratus pedunculus, as in the Napea dioica.

INVOLUCRUM [i, & volvo, to roll or
wrap] that in which any thing is wrapt up ;
the calyx of umbelliferous plants, remote from
the flower : it is termed univerfale, when below
the Umbella univerfalis ; partiale, when at the
foot of the Umbella partialis ; proprium, when
belonging to a flos umbellatus properly fo called ;

and monophyllum, polyphyllum, according to its
number of leaves.

INVOLUTA Folia [in, & volvo, to roll]
when the lateral margins of the leaves, within
the gemma, are mutually rolled {pirally inwards,
as in the Lonicera, Diervilla, Euonymus, Pyrus,
Malus, Populus, Viola, &c.

IR-

LA

IRREGULARIS Flos, whofe parts want un-
niformity : 4zemalus of Tournef, and Due:
ais of others.

Irregularis Corolla, irregular, as in the Aconz-
tum, & Lamium. Irregularis, que limbi parti-
bus, figura, magnitudine, & proportioue partium.

JUBA, acreft, feathers: a fpecies of inflo-
refcence, as in the Adilium & Gramina. See Pa-
nicula.

IULUS, acatkin. See Amentum.

L.

LABIATUS Flos (Labium, a lip] A mono-
petalous Corolla, with a narrow tubular ba/s,
expanding at the top in one entire, or in two
lips : Yournef. See Ringens. The Labiati of
‘Tournefort are the Verticillate of Ray, and are
included in the clafs Didynamia of Linnzus.

LACERUM Folium [ex rane, fiura, a cleft
or fiflure] quod margine varie fettum ef) fegmentis
| difformibus, whofe margin is varioufly cut with
irregular fegments ; as if rent or torn.

LACINIZ [2 lacino, to make holes] This

term

LA

term is applied to the Calyx, Corolla, & Piftil-
lum, and means the fegments contained between
the incifions.

LACINIATUM felium [a Lacinia, a fringe or
jag] varie fectum in partes, partibus iterum indeter-
minate divifis. Divided firft into Lacinig, and
thofe again irregularly cut into fmaller Lacinie.

Laciniatus flos the fame in Tournefort as
multifidus in Linnzus.

LACTESCENTIA [lac milk] comprehends
the different coloured juices which flow copi-
oufly from particular plants on being wounded ;
this is either alba, lutea, or rubra. Laktefcentes
plante communiter venenate funt, minus au-
tem femiflofculofe. Liz,

LACUNOSUM Folium [lacuna; a ditch, a
trench] deeply furrowed ; 7. e. when the veins
of the leaf are funk much below the furface ;
bullatum, in a greater degree.

.

LACUSTRIS Planta [Lacus, a lake] plants

which grow in lakes of pure water, as the J/o-

etes, Subularia, Plantago monanth, Arundo, Nym-
phea, Scirpus, Elatine minim.

LAMINA, a thin plate, the tip of the ear:
the

LA

the broad fuperior part of a polypetalous Cv-
rolla,

LANA, wool; a fpecies of pubefcens which
covers the furface of many plants, ferving, ac-
cording to Linnzus, as a kind of veil to fecure
them from the too intenfe rays of the fun;
fervat plantas ab efiu nimio, as in the Salvia cana.
rienfis, Sideritis canarienfis, Salvia eihiopis,

\ Marrubium, Verbafcum, Stachys, Carduus erioce-

phalus, Onopordum.

LANATUM Folium [lana, wool] quafi tela
aranee indutum, ut Salvia, Sideritis, covered as
with a fpider’s web; fo Linnzus chufes to ex-
plain it : exemplified in the Ledum villofum,
commonly called cobweb ledum.

\Lanatus Caulis, as in the Stachys germanica.

LANCEOLATUM Folium [Lanceala, a lit-
tle lance] ¢f? oblongum utringue fenfim verfus extre-
mitatem aticnuatum ; oblong, but gradually taper-
ing towards each extremity, and terminating in
a point, asin the Plantago lanceolata, Potamoge-
ton lucens, crifpum, & ferratum.

LATERALES Flores [latus, a fide] expreff-
es a mode of inflor efcence oppofed to termina-
les ; ; lateral flowers.

LA-

LE

LATERIFOLIUS Pedunculus [latus, a fide,
& folium, a leaf] proceeding from the fide of
the bafis of a leaf, as in the Ciaytonia, Solanum,

Afperifolia.
LAXUS Caulis ; lank, oppofed to rigidus,

LEGUMEN, pulfe; a Pericarpium of two
Valuule, in which the feeds are fixed along one
future only, as in the Pifum, &c. Miller mif-
takes the Legumen for the Siliqua.

LENTICULARIS Scabrities [dim. a lens, a
lentil] A fpecies of glandular Scabrities, rough-
nefs, fcarce vifible to the naked eye, refembling
{mall lentils, on the furface of fome plants.

LEPROSUS [4 Lepra, leprofy] fpotted like
a leper, exemplified in the Lichen.

LEVIS Caulis [rather /evis] fmooth, having
an even furface ; oppofed to ffriatus, fulcatus ;
as in the Chelidontum hybridum.

Leve Folium, as in the Statice imonium,

LIBER, the inner bark or rind of a tree or
plant, diftinét from the cortex, which is the out-
er: thus, according to Linneus, the calyx is a

continuation

E.1

continuation of the cortex, but the core//a a cone
tinuation of the /ber.

LIGNOSUS Caulis [Lignum, wood] woody,
oppoted to herbaceus.

LIGNUM, wood; one df the four confti-
tuent parts of the Radix, according to Linneus,
Who in his Phil. Botan. by radix underftood
the ftem, together with what is generally meant
by root; but, in his Dein. Plante, he confines
the term radix to the root only, drops the
word caudex entirely, and fubftitutes trazeus in

its ftead.

LIGULATUS Fibs [Liguia, 4 ftrap] a {pe-
cies of compound flower, the corcllule of whofe
fiofeuti are tubular at the bafis, flat in the mid-
dle, and expanded towards the top. Thefe
are the Scmiflofculi of Tournefort, and are of
the firft order in the clas Syngenefia.

LILIACEZ: [Lilum, the lily] An order of
plants in the Fragmenta methedi naturalis of Lin-
nzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Lilium, Fri-
tillaria, Tulipa, Erythronium. The Liliaceae con-
ftitute the ninth clafs of Tournefort: they are
generally hexapetalus, and their p:/fillum, or Ca-
lyx, invariably becomes a Cap/ula trifocularis.

LIM-

| ie

LIMBUS, a border; the fuperior dilated

verge of a monopetalous Corolla.
ae

LINEA [preprié eft funiculus ex lino] a line.
The fecond degree in the Linnean feale for
meafuring the parts of plants : it is the breadth
of the Lunula, or crefcent, called the root, on
the finger, not the thumb, nail, meafuring
from the fkin towards the body of the nail.

LINEARE Folium [Linea, a line] linear,
firaight, equal ubique latitudine, as in the Rof~
marinus, Pinus, & Gramina. ,

Linearis Caulis, when ufed as a term of men-
’ furation, regards the diameter of the ftem, and
fignifies its being extremely {mall See Linea.

LINEATUM. Folium (Linea, a line] a leaf
whofe fuperficies is flightly ftreaked longitudi-
nally with parallel lines, not impreffing the fur-

face.

“LINGUIFORME Folium, tongue-fhaped.

See Lingulatum.

LINGULATUM Folium [lingua, a tongue]
or Linguiforme; a leaf which is linear, carnofe,
obtufe, convex on the under fide, and fre-

quently

a

LO

quently with a cartilaginous margin, as in the
Hemanthus coccineus.

LITHOPHYTA [Atss, lapis, a ftone, &
ures, planta, a plant] The twentieth clafs in
Royen’s fyftem. Thefe are in fact animal produc-
tions, and therefore are improperly arranged in
a vegetable fyftem. ‘They are what we call in
Englifh Corals, &c. F

LOBATUM Folium [acbe:, lobus, the lobe
or tip of the ear] div:/um ad medium in partes di-
Jtantes, marginibus convexis ; divided almoft to
the centre, its lobes diftant from each other,
and margins convex. A leaf is termed bilobum,
trilobum, &c. according to the number of its
lobes. The Alchenilla vulgaris & minor aflord
examples of the foliwm lobatum,

LOCULAMENTUM, a cell; each of the
cells. within that {pecies of pericarpium termed
_éapfula, in which the feeds are lodged ; conca-
meratio vacua pro feminum loco: thus it is defined

_ by Linnzus, but in its application it is not con-

fined to the capfula only.

LOCULUS [dim. a Jocus, a place] a little
cell ; ; the minute célls which contain the pollen

in fome fpecies of anthera.
Oa LO-

LU

LOCUS Folisorum, place: the particular part
of the plant where the leaf grows, in which re-
{pect a leaf is radicale, caulinum, rameum, axil-
lare, ox florale,

LOMENTACE: [Lomentum, bean-meal]
An order of plants all exotics, in the Fragmenta
mnethodi naturalis of Linnzus, of which are thefe
gencra, viz. Sophora, Cercis, Bauhinia, Parkin-
fonia, Caffia, Poingiana, Tamarindus, Mimofa.

LONGIUSCULUS [dim. a comp. Jongior]
rather long; alittle longer than common, as in
the Gramen alopecura accedens, petiolis longiufculis,

Pluk. the Agroffts rubra of Linneus.

LONGUM Pertanthium, when of an equal
length with the tube of the Corslla, oppofed to
Abbreviatum.

LUCIDUM 9Folium [Lux, light] This is
one of Linnzeus’s unexplained terms ; but, as it .
ftands diftinguifhed from mtidum, it muft mean
clear, tranfparent.

LUNATUM Folium [Luna, the moon]
moon-fhaped, /ubrotundum, bafi excavatum, an-
gulis pofticis notatum.

LU-

LU
LUNULATA carina [a lunula dim. a half-

moon] fhaped like a fmall crefcent, as in ie
Polygala myrtifolia,

LURID ([luridus, pale, wan] An order
of plants in the Fregmenta methodi naturalis of
Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Capf-
cum, Solanum, Phyfalis, Hyofcyamus, Nicotiana,
Atropa, Mandragora, Datura, Verbafcum, Celfia,
Digitalis: fant plante fufpecte. Lin.

_ LUTEA Laéefcentia [a luteum, the yolk of
an egg] yellow, as in the Chelidonium, Bocconia,
Sanguinaria, Cambogia.
Luteus Flos, yellow, as the Zris lutea. Park,

LUXURIANS Fis, a luxuriant flower.
Flowers are called /uxuriant, when the tegu-
ments of their fructification are augmented fo
as to exclude fome of their other efflential parts.
Thefe are either multiplicatus, plenus, or proli-
fer. The part ufually multiplied is the Corolla,
but fometimes the Calyx alfo.

LYRATUM Folium [/hra, an harp or lyre]
eff tranfverfum divifum in lacinias, ita ut fuperiores
majores funt, & inferiores remotiores; divided
tranfverfely into J/acinie, the fuperior ones
being larger, and the inferior farther diftant

from

MA

from each other; exemplified inthe Rumex pul-
cher, Geum urbanum.

M.

MAGNUM _ Perianthium, comparatively
large, as in the A4andragora ; oppofed to par-
vum & minimum.

MARCESCENS Corolla [ marcea, to wither]
withering, but not falling off, asin the Campa-
nula, Orchis, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Bryonia,

LMarcefcens Perianthium, as in the clafs Diadel-
phia of Linnzus.

MARGO Folii [a mari, fays Ainfworth]
the margin or edge of the leaf, extrema ora
folii ad latera, intaéo difco. A leaf, im regard to
its margin, is /pinofum, dentaium, Jjerratum, cre-
natum, repandum, cartilagineum, ciliatum, lacerum,
erofuin, Ox integerrimum.

MAS Planta [etym. incertum] Male plants are
thofe which on the fame root produce only
male flowers, as in the clafs Dicecia... See Ma-

feulus.

MASCULUS Fuss [A mas] male flowers are —
thofe

ME

thofe which contain anthere, but no /tgma.
Sierilis of Tournefort; Paleaceus of Ray ; 4d-
ortiens Of others.

MEDULLA [Muezad;, marrow] The pith or
heart of the tree or plant ; according to Lin-
neus in his Phil. Botan. one of the four coniti-
-tuent parts of the Redix, in which term he
comprehends the ftem with what is commonly
underftood to be the root : the other three parts
are lignum, liber, & cortex, which {de,

MEMBRANACEUM Folium | membrana, a
membrane] a term regarding the fubftance of
leaves ; having no diftinguithable pulp between
the two furfaces.

Membranacea Stipula, a thin paleaceous mem-
brane, as in the Arenaria rubra.

MEMBRANATUS Caulis, covered with

thin membranes.

MENSURA, meafure. Plants are generally
fo various in their dimenfions, that their parts
can only be meafured relatively to’each other ;
Tournefort however introduced pofitive geo-
metrical menfuration ; but Linnzus, thinking
it inconvenient for a botanift to carry an artifi-

cial feale in his pocket, makes a natural {cale
of

M O

of the human body, the degrees of which are
thefe, Capillus, Linea, Unguis, Pollexs Palmnus, —
Dodrans, Spithama, Pes; Cubitus, Brachium, Or-

&ya

METEORICI Flores folares [werswees, unde-
termined] A fpecies of /olares which do not ob-
ferve the hour of explication with fo much
punctuality as the others, but are much influ-
enced by fhade, the humidity of the air,
weight of the atmofphere, &c.

MINIMUM Pertanthium, comparatively ve-
ry fmall, as in the Cortufa, Dodecatheon, Patago-
nula, Convolvulus, Ipomoca ; oppofed to Magnum.

MONADELPHIA [Moves, unicus, one only,
& Ad:agic, frater, brother] the fixteenth clafs
in the Linnean fyftem : it is a natural clafs,
and comprehends thofe plants which produce
hermaphrodite flowers with one collection of
united Stamina. The natural characteriftics
are CaLyx, Perianthium, always prefent, con-
tinuing, and frequently double. The Calyx
merits peculiar attention, being, in this clafs,
the pofitive generical diftinétion, CoroLia,
Petala five, obcordate, the fides lapping each
over the other, contrary to the motion of the
fun. Stamina, Filamenta united below, dif-

tinct

MO

tinct above, the exterior ones fhorter: Authere
incumbent. PisTitLa, Receptaculam of the
fructification, prominent in the centre of the
flower ; Germina, erect, rotato-articulatey. fur-
rounding the apex of the receptaculum ; Styli, all
united below in one body with the Receptaculum,
and at the top diftinguifhed into as many /ila-
menta as there are germina; Stigmata, {pveading,
and flender. PERicarpium, Cap/ula divided
into a5 many diftinét lucula, as there are pi/illa.
SemiNa, reniform. ‘The plants of this clafs
are emollient, and mucilaginous. The orders
are three, viz. PENTANDRIA, containing 4 gene-
ra, viz. Waltheria, Hermannia, Melochia, Bombax ;
DECANDRIA, containing 3 genera, viz. Conna-
rus, Hugonia, Geranium ; PoLYaNDRIA, con-
taining 14 genera, viz. Adanfonia, Sida, Nepea,
Althea, Alcea, Malva, Lavatera, Malope, Ure-
na, Gofypium, Hibifcus, Pentapetes, Stewartia,

Camellia.

MONANDRIA [ eedvos, unicus, one, & ane,
maritus, a hufband} The firft of Linnzus’s twen-
ty-four claffes : it comprehends thofe plants
which produce hermaphrodite flowers, ha-
ving but one ffamen; its orders are two, wiz.
Mownocynia, which comprehends 11 genera,
Viz. Canna, Amomum, Coftus, Alpinia, Maranta,
Gurcuma, K:mpferia, Thalia, Boerhavia, Salicor~

B nia,

MO

nia, Hippuris; Dicynia, in which are four
genera, viz. Corifpermum, Callitriche, Blitum,
Cinna.

MONANGIZ [wovos, unicus, & Ay[&, Vas, a
veflel, or Joculamentum] The fifteenth clafs in
Boerhaave’s fyftem ; it contains two orders,
viz. Primula, & Lichynis.

MONOCOTYLEDONES [voves, sunicus,
one, & cotyl.] A term of placentation, applied
to thofe plants whofe feeds have but a fingle
Cotyledon, which remains within the feed: thefe
are either perforate, as in Gramina; unilatera-
les, as in Palme ; or reduéta@, as in the Cepa.

MONOECIA [ovos, unicus, one, & Oix@
domus, a houfe] The twenty-firft clafs in the
Linnean fyftem, comprehending the androgynus
plants, 7. e. thofe which produce both male and
female flowers, having no hermaphrodite ones.
The orders are eleven, wiz. MoNANDRIA, con-
taining 4 genera, viz. Zannichellia, Ceratocarpus,
Hippomane, Cynomorium ; D1anpria, contain-
ing but one genus, viz. Lemna; 'TRIANDRIA,
containing 12 genera, viz. Zea, Tripfacum, Coix,
Olyra, Carex, Sparganium, Typha, Axyris, Phyl-
lanthus, Tragia, Hernandia, Omphalea ; TE-
TRANDRIA, containing 4 genera, viz. Urtica,

Morus,

MO

Morus, Buxus, Beluta; PENTANDRIA, con-
taining 5 genera, viz. Xanthium, Ambrofia, Par-
thenium, Iva, Amarantus; HEXANDRIA, cOon-
taining 3 genera, viz. Zizania, Pharus, Solandra ;
HEPTANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz.
Guettarda; PoLYANDRtA, containing 12 genera,
viz. Sagittaria, Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, The-
ligonum, Poterium, Fagus, Quercus, “fuglans,
Corylus, Carpinus, Platanus, Liquidamber ; Mo-
NADELPHIA, containing 10 genera, viz. Hura,
Pinus, Cupreffus, Thuja, Acalypha, Plukenetia,
Croton, Ricinus, Fatropha, Sterculia; SYNGENE-
SIA, containing 6 genera, viz. Trichofanthes, Mo-
mordica, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Sicyos, Bryonia ;
GYNANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz.
Andrachne.

MONOGYNIA [povs, unicus, & Tov, mu-
her, a woman] The firft order in each of the
firft thirteen clafles in the Linnean fyftem :
it diftinguifhes thofe plants in whofe fruttifica=
tion there is but one Piftillum, which is confi-
dered as the female organ of generation.
Where the Stylus is wanting, it regards the
Stigma,

MONOPETALA Corolla, [ woves, & Weraaroy,
petalum] confifting of but one petalwm, as the

Convolvulus, Primula.
P2 MO-

MU

MONOPHYLLUM Jnvolucrym [uovos, uni- |
cus, one, & buddy, folium, a leaf] confifting of —
a fingle leaf.

Monophyllus Calyx, asin Datura, Primula.

MONOSPERMA [wovs, & Jperma, feed]
having a fingle feed, as the Polygonum, Collin-

fonia.

MILIARIS Scabrities [milium, a {mall grain
called millet] a fpecies of glandular Scabrities,
on the furface of fome plants, like grains of
millet. ;

MUCRONATUM Folium [a puxgos, longus,
long] MJaucro fignifies the fharp point of a fword
or dagger; fo that mucronatum, regar ding the
the apex of a leaf, indicates its terminating in a
point, as in the Bromelia ananas.

Mucronatus Scirpus, the pointed bulruth,

MULTIFIDUM Folium [ex multus, many,
& findo, to cleave, or divide] divided into ma-
ny parts, by linear /inu/es and ftraight margins.
See Fiffum.

Multifidus Flos: Lacinatus of Tournefort ;
Monopetaloides of others.

MULTIFLORUS Pedunculus [multus, many,
&

M U

& flos, a flower] bearing many flowers : pro-
ducing many fructifications on each Pedun-
culus.

Multiflorus Calyx, common to many flofuli,
as in Scabiofa, & the clafs Syngenefia.

MULTIPARTITUM FPolium [multus, many,
& partitus, divided] confifting of many divifions,
ufque ad bafin, down to the bafe.

MULTIPLICATUS Fils, a luxuriant
flower, whofe Corolla is multiplied fo as to
exclude fome of the Stamina. When the Sta-
mina are, by the multiplication of the Curollz,
entirely wanting, it is then called Plenus, and
not Multiplicatus. Flores multiplicati, are either

duplicati, triplicati, or quadruplicati, according:

to the number of repetitions of the Corolla.
Monopetalous flowers are frequently found
multiplied, but rarely full, pleni. Take care,
fays Linneus, left you miftake a coloured P»-
rvianthium for a multiplication of the Coral.
A multiplicate flower may always be diftin-
guifhed from a compound one, by its having
only one Pi/illum common to the whole.

MULTISILIQUE [multus, many, & Sj/j-
qua, a pod] An order of plants in the Fragmen-

ta

MU

ta method naturalis of Linneus, among{t which
are the following genera, viz. Paonia, Aquilegia,
Aconitum, Nigella, Helleborus, “Ranunculus, Ane-

mone, &c.

MURICATUS Caulis [murex, a fifth whofe
fhell is covered with fharp points, or prickles]
prickly.

Muricat@, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
method naturalis of Linnezus, in which there are
the following genera, viz. Bromelia, Renealmia,
Tillandfia, Burmannia,

Muricata Semina, asin the Caucalis.

Muricatus Calyx, as in the Crepis biennis.

MUSCI [Mocyos, vitulus ; properly any thing
young, new, or frefh] moffes ; one of the feven
tribes or families of the vegetable kingdom, ac-
cording to Linnzus, and by him thus chara¢te-
rized, having anthera without filamenta, remote
from the female fower; no pi/fillum ; and feeds
without either arillus or cotyledon. They con-
ftitute the fecond order in the.clafs Cryptogamia,
and comprehend eleven fpecies, which are
divided into acalyptrati, calyptrati diclini, and
calyptrati monochni, In Tournefort the mofles
conftitute the firft genus of the firft fection of
clafs xvii. : /

i
:

£

Mufti, i

NA

Mufci, an order of plants in the Fragmeniea
methodi naturalis of Linneus.

MUTICA gluma [a mutilus, broken off ] when
the ari/ta is wanting, oppofed to Ari/fatus; exem-
plified in feveral fpecies of the Agroffis, viz. fro-
lonifera, palufiris, capillaris, fylvatica, minima.

Muticus Calyx, as in the Serratula.

Mutica Panicula, asin the Aira arundinacea.

Mutici Flofculi, as in the Aira indica.

Mutici Flores, as in the Aira criftata.

MUTILATUS Flos, a mutilated flower, ac-
cording to Linnzus, is a flower wanting its
Corolla, which is generally owing to its want of
proper heat.

N.

NATANS Folium [nato, to fwim] applied to
aquatic plants; {wimming on the furface of the
water, as in the Nymphaea, Potomogeton,

NAVICULARIS Valula [dim. a nevis, a
fhip] in fhape refembling a little {kiff, as in the
Vatis, Thlafpi.

NECESSARIA Polygamia, neceflary. The

fourth

NI
fourth order in the clafs Syngenefia of Linnzus,
comprehending thofe plants in the compofitior

of whofe flowers fome of the flofcul are male
and the others female.

NECTARIUM [from xzeéfar, lioney] ac-
cording to Linnzus, the melliferous part of the
corolla, propet to the flower, and by’ him firft
diftinguifhed from the petals ; but though it
generally makes part of the corolla, yet it is oft-
en diftingét from it ; when this is the cafe, it
is found remarkably various, and in general
the plants are poifonous, as for inftance, in
Acsnito; Helleboro, Aquilegia, Nigella, Parnaffia;
Epimedio, Clutia, Meliantho, &e.

NERVOSUM Folium [Nervus, a nerve or
ftring] when their veflels neither branch nor
anaftomofe, but extend in fimple lines or curves
from the bafis to the apex; quum vafa fimpliciffima
ab/que ramulis extendiuntur a bafi verfas apicem,

NIDULANTIA femina, Bacca [nidus, aneft]

per pulpam /parfa, difperfed ar among the pulp, as
in the Nymphaea.

NITIDUM Folium; bright, thining, gloffy ;
quod glabritie lucidum eff, as in the Ferula cana-
denjiz, Angelica canadenfis.

NU-

Se

NU
NUCAMENTACE [Nucamentum, a cat’s

tail, or long excrefcence hanging down from
the pine, fir, &c.] An order of plants in the
Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linneus, con-
taining the following genera, viz. Xanthium,

Ambrofia, Parthenium, Iva, Micropus, Artemifia.
NUCAMENTUM. See Amentum.
NUCLEUS, a kernel.

NUDUS Caulis : naked. Linnzus, in his
Philofophia Botanica, explains this word by foliis
deftitutus ; but as, in his Delineatio Plante, he
makes it a diftinét term from Aphyllus, he mutt
intend that it fhould imply entire nakednefs,
in oppofition not to folzatus only, but alfo to
feaber, villofus, &c. When applied to leaves,
it is evidently taken in this fenfe.

Nudus Verticillus, having no Jnvolucrum, op-
pofed to involucratus.

Nudum Capitulum, having no ies oppofed
to foliofum,

NUTANS Cauhs, nodding ; the third, and
greateft degree of curvature towards the earth.
See declinatus, incurvatus.

Nutans flos, when the pedunculus is confider-
ably curved.

Q NUX,

OB

NUX, a nut; a feed chucked by a fhell,

tectum epidermide offea. Lin.

O.

OB, in’ compofition, for obverfus, turned,
e. g. obcordatum folium, the heart-fhaped leaf,
fixed by its apex, inftead of its bafe, to the pe-

tiolus: and fo of obowatum, &c.

OBCORDATUM Petalum [ab, & cordatum,
heart-fhaped] Cordatum with its apex down-
wards, as in the clafs AZonadelpbia of Linnzus.

Obcordata Siliqua, as in the Thlafpi.

Obcordatum Legumen, as in the Polygala.

OBLIQUUM Folium [ex ob, & liquus, tranf-
verfe] when the apex of the leaf points to the
horizon, and the da/s upwards, as in the Protea,
Fritillaria. When applied to Caulis, it means
having an oblique direction, but not curved.

OBLONGUM Folium; a leaf whofe longi-
tudinal diameter is much longer than its tran{-
verfe, both extremities being rounded, but nar-
rower than the fegment of a circle, as in the
Rumex acetofa, & Ceraftium tomentofum.

OB-

— ee

OC
OBSOLETE lsbatum folium, inelegantly lo-

bated, or divided into lobes fearce difcernible, as
in the Jungermannia trilobata, and the Malva
rotundifolia.

OBTUSUM filum [obtundor, to be blunt-
ed at the point] having a rounded apex, quod ter
minatur quafi intra fegmentum circul, oppofed to
acutum.

Obtufum Perianthium, as in the Convolvulus,
Melia.

Obtufa Capfula, as in the Rhinanthus.

OBVOLUTUM Folium [ob, & volva; to roll}
A term in foliation, fignifying that the margins
of the leaves alternately embrace the ftraight
margin of the oppofite leaf, quorum margines
alterni comprehendunt oppofiti folit marginem rectum ;
as in the Dianthus, Lychnis, Saponaria, Valeriana,
Marrubium, Salvia; &c.

. Obvolute Cotyledones, rolled up; a fpecies of
the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Helxine.

OCTANDRIA [Oxrw, o€fo, eight, & wong,
maritus; a hufband} Ihe eighth clafs in the

Linnean fyftem, comprehending hermaphro-—

dite flowers with eight Stamina. in this clafs
there are four orders, viz; Monocyntia,

Qi 2 which

OL

which includes 26 genera, viz. Tropaolum; Of
beckia, Rhexia, QO4cnothera, Gaura, Epilobiums
Melicocca, Amyris, Griflea, Combretum, Alophyl-
lus, Ximenia, Mimufops, “fambolifera, Santalums
Alemecylon, Lawfonia, Vaccinium, Erica, Daphne,
Dirca, Gnidia, Stellera, Pafferina, Lachnea,
Beckea; DiGynta; containing 3 genera, viz.
Galenia, Weinmannia, Moehringia ; TRIGYNIA,
containing 5 genera, viz. Polygonum, Coccolobas
Paullinia, Cardiofpermum, Sapindus; TETRA-
GYNIA; containing 3 genera, viz. Paris, Adoxa,
Elatine.

OCULUS, an eye: thie genima fo called; by
Ludwig, when proceeding from the ale, of
leaves.

OFFICINALIS [Offcina; a fhop] of the
fhops; ufed in medicine, and therefore kept
in the fhops of apothecaries, as Valeriana offi-
cinalis, &c. Ufed to diftinguifh the fpecies of
particular plants.

OLIGANTHERE [0ay@, exiguus, fmall,
few, & Anthera] The fixteenth clafs in Royen’s
fyftem : it contains thofe plants whofe petala
or fegments equal or exceed their number of
Stamina; hence it includes many of the plants
in Linnzus’s firft five claffes.

OPER:

a OP
OPERCULATA Aathera, [Operculum, a co-
e

ver] See Operculum:

OPERCULUM, a cover; lid; a fpecies of
cover to the anthere of the Mufcz, as in the
Sphagnum, &c:

OPPOSITI Rami, Folia ; branches or leaves
growing oppofite to each other in pairs; when
applied particularly to branches, it implies each
pair croffing that above and below it ; oppofed
to Alterni. Among many other plants, the
Bartfia alpina affords an example of folia oppo-

fia: ;

OPPOSITIFOLIUS Peduneulus [oppofitums
oppofite, & folium, a leaf | growing oppofite to
the leaf, as inthe Piper, Saururus, Phytolacca,
Dulcamara, Vitis, Ranunculus aquatilis, Gerani-
um, &c.

OPPOSITIVZE petiolares Gemme, for oppe-
fie; oppofite, as in the Ligu/trum, Phillyrea,
Nyflanthes, Syringa, Hypericum, Buxus, Faf-
minum, Laurus, &c.

Oppofitive ftipulacee Gemma, oppofite, as in
the Cephalanthus, Rhamnus catharticus.

ORBICULATUM Folium, [Orbis, an orb,

@r

\

OR a:

or circle] cnjus diameter longitudinalis & tranfuer-
falis aquilles, peripheria circinata: in plain Eng-
lith, around leaf, regarding the circumfcription
only, exemplified in the Rumex digynus.

ORCHIDE [Orchis, the firft genus in the
clafs Gynandria] An order of plants in the Frag-
menta methodi naturalis of Linnzus : it confifts
of the following gezera, viz. Orchis, Satyrum,
Serapias, Herminium, Neottia, Opbrys, Cypripe-
dium, Epidendrum, Limodorum, Arethufa. Or
chides funt aphrodifiace. Lin.

ORDO, order ; the firft fubdivifion in the
Linnean fyftem of plants. In the firft thir-
teen claffes it is determined by the number of —
the Pifiilla or female parts of generation, and |
fignified by the Greck word I'v, mulier, a wo-
man, compounded with the numerical, terms,
pévos, dic, Sc. as for inftance, Monogynia, one
woman, Digynia, two women, &c, The num-
ber of the Piftilla is generally taken from the
ba/fis of the Stylus ; but where the Stylus is de-
ficient, we muft eftimate by the Stigmata. The
orders in the remaining claffes are determined —
by diftin@ions in the fruit, the Pericarpium,
the Stamina, complication of fexes, Gc.

ORGYA, Ogyvix, idem] The laft degree in
the |

OV

the Linnzan fcale for meafuring plants: the
diftance between the extremities of the two
middle fingers when the arms are extended ; or
fix Parifian feet. See Méenfura.

ORGYIALIS Cuulis [from @gyvun, orgyia, 6
foot]. Sce Orgya.

OVALE Folium, oval; cujus diameter longitu-
dinalis fuperat tranfverfalem, fuperiore, & inferi-
ore extremitate angufliore: elliptical, regarding
the circumfcription only.

OVARIUM [ab ovum] The germen of Lin-
pus fo called by Ludwig, &c. See Germen.

OVATUM Folium [ab ovum, an egg] cujus
diameter longitudinalis fuperat tranfuerfalem, bafi
Segmento circuli circumferipta, apice vero eodem an-
guftiore : a leaf refembling in circumfcription
the longitudinal fection of an egg, exemplified
in the Epilobium montanum, Vaccinium myrtillus,
Arenaria peploides, & trinervia.

P,

PAGINA Folii [Pagina, the page of a book}
: the

PA

the fuperficies of a leaf, fuperior and inferior,
fupinum, vel pronsum,

PALEA, chaff; a thin membrane, fpring-
ing from a Receptaculum Commune, which fepa-
rates the Flofculi from each other.

PALEACEUS Pappus [palea, fhort ftraw,
or chaff ] chaffy, as in the Bidens, Silphium, To-
getes, Coreopfis, &c.

Paleaceus Flos, Ray. Mafeulus of Linnzus.

Paleacea Gluma, as in the sae ae Cyperus,
Scirpus, Eriophorum.

Paleaceun Receptaculum, as in the Diffacus,
& Scabiofa,

PALMA: [4 ttaadien the palm of the hand]

palms; one of the feven families, or tribes of
the vegetable kingdom, according to Linnzus,
by whom they are thus characterized, caudex
fimplex, apice frondofus, fructificationes in [padice
cum {patha. We find them in the appendix to
his Sy/tema Natura, confifting of nine genera,
which are divided into flabellifolia, pennatifolia,
and bipennatifolie.

PALMARIS Caulis [a Palmus]. See Palmus.

PALMATA Radix [a Palma, a hand] a root
whick

a

PA

_ which in the fpreading of its fibres refembles a

hand, as in the Orchis. Linneus makes it a
fpecies of the Tuberofe, I think, with very
little propriety.

Palmatum Folium, refembling an open palm
or hand, Jongitudinaliter in partes plures fubequa-
les divifum ver fus bafin, qua tamen coherent in u+
num; afimple leaf with feveral divifions, al-
moft down to its bafis, as in the Geranium pu/fil-
lum, Ranunculus fceleratus.

PALMUS [Palma, the palm of the hand |

. The fifth degree in the Linnzan fcale for mea-

furing the parts of plants : the breadth of the
palm meafuring from the thumb, or three Pa-
rifian inches. See Menfura. é

PALUSTRIS [Palus, a fen or marth]
growing in marfhy or fenny places: the tri-
vial name of a fpecies of the Serpus and many
others. |

PANDURIFORME Folium [Pandura, a
mufical inftrument]-thaped like a Spanifh gui-
tar, oblongum inferne latius, lateribufque coaréla-
2uins

PANICULA [4a panus, a woof about the
quill in the fhuttle] a fpecies of inflorefcence
R refembling

EA

refembling a head of grain on the Avena, the
outline of the entire figure being nearly ellipti-
cal; fruétificatio fparfa in pedunculis diverfe fubdivi-
js, a fruification difperfed on pedunculi .va-
rioufly fubdivided : it is either diffufa or coar~

étata.

PAPILIONACEUS [a Papilio, a butterfly |
butterfly-fhaped. A flower is termed papzliona-
ceous when confifting of four petala, the upper
one fpreads, the under one refembles a boat,
and the two fide petala ftand fingle : fuch are the
entire clafs Diadelphia of Linneus, the Papilio-
nacet o£ Tournefort, the /rregulares tetrapetah of
Rivinus, and the Leguminofe of Ray. The
different Petala are termed Vexillum, Ala, &
Carina.

Papilionacea, an order of plants in the Frag-
menta methcdt naturals of Linnzus, amongft
which are thefe genera, viz. Erythrina, Anagyris,
Robinia, Lupinus, Clitoria, Vicia, Tragacantha,
Lotus, &c.

PAPILLOSUM Folium [papilla, the nipple]
a leaf whofe furface is covered with dots or —
points like little bladders, guod tegitur punétis
veficularibus.

PAP- —

PA

PAPPUS, down ; a fpecies of coronula feminis,
which is either capillaris, plumofus, paleaceus, or

Slipatus.

PAPULOSUM’ Folium [papula, a pimple} a
leaf whofe furface is covered with pimples.
This fhould feem to be the natural meaning
of the word when applied to a leaf: otherwife,
papula, as ufed by Celfus, fignifies a larger
fwelling covered with fmall pimples.

PARABOLICUM Folium ; cujus diameter
dongitudinalis fuperat tranfverfalem, & a bafi fur-
fum anguftatur in femiovatum ; whofe longitudinal
diameter exceeds the tranfverfe, and growing
narrower from the bafe upwards becomes /emi-
ovatum, See Ovatum.

PARALLELUM Diffepimentum, parallel to
the fides of the Pericarpium, oppofed to tran/-
verfum ; exemplified in the Draba.

PARASITICUS Caulis [parafitus, a parafite]
altert planta, nec terre innatus, growing upon
another plant, as the Epidendron, Vifcum, Til-
landfia, &c.

PARTIALIS Umibellz, a partial umbel ; the
xmbellula, or little xmbella, which ftands upon
R 2 the

PA

the apex of each pedunculus of an umbella compo-
Sita.

Partiale Involucrum, when at the foot of the
Umbellula.

PARTITUM FPolium, a divided leaf ; divi-
{um ufque ad bafin, divided down to the bafe.
Leaves are termed bipartitum, tripartitum, &c.
according to the number of divifions.

PARVUM Perianthium, comparatively little,
as in the Theophrafta, Spigelia, Azalea, Lonicera,
&c. oppofed to Magnum,

PATENS Caulis, Ramus, &c.; {preading.
Applied to folium, quod ad angulum acutum cauli
infidet, fays Linnzeus, in his Phil. Botanica, pla-
cing this term between Ereétum and Horizonta-
Je; forming an acute angle with the ftem, 7. ¢.
an angle fomething lefs than 45 degrees.

Patens Calyx, as in the mh

PATULUS Calyx, pki Ay as in the Ra-

nunculus repens, acris.

PAUCIFLORIS [pawci, few, & fios, aflower |

having few flowers, as the Veronica montana.

PEDALIS Caulis [a Pes, afoot]. See Pes.
PE-

PE
PEDATUM Folium [pes, a foot] or Ramo-

fum, branching ; cum petiolus bifidus latere tan-
tum interiore adneétit foliola: a {pecies of foltum
compofitum, in which a bifid petiolus connects fo-
liola on its interior fide only, fomewhat refem-
bling a bird’s foot, as in the Paffiflora, Arum,
Felleborus feetidus.

PEDICELLUS [a pediculus, a little foot] ¢/
Pedunculus partialis, i.e. the little foot-ftalk
which fupports each feparate flower when there
are more than one fruétification on one Pedun-
culus.

PEDICULUS [dim. 4 Pes, a foot] The
foot-ftalk of a flower, or leaf, according to
former botanifts; the Pedunculus of Linnzus.

PEDUNCULARIS Cirrus [pedunculus] a ten-
dril proceeding from the foot-ftalk of a flower.

PEDUNCULATI Flores aedaceds grow-
ing upon foot-ftalks, oppofed to Seffiles.

PEDUNCULUS [from pedo, one who is
{play -footed] the foot-ftalk of a flower, diftin-
guifhed from that of a leaf ; truncus partialis,
elevans fruétificationem, nec folia. A Pedunculus
may be either pedicellus, or communis ; with re-

gard

PE

gard to the place of its infertion, radicalis, cau-
linus, axillaris, &c. ; in refpe&t to difpofition, a/-
ternus, fparfus, oppofitus, &c.; as to number, ge-
minatus, umbellula, &c.; direction, adpreffus, ere-
étus, &c.; uniflorus, biflorus, &c. according to
the number of fruttifications upon each Pedun-
culus; as to ftructure, teres, trigucter, filiformis,
articulatus, &c.

PELTATUM Folium [Pelta, a target] the
Petiolus being inferted into the difk of the leaf,
and not into its bafe or margin, as in the Nym-
phea, Hernandia, Colocafia, Hydrocotyle vulgaris,

PENDULA Radix [a pendeo, to hang] a pen-
dulous root; a fpecies of the Tuberofa, in
which, when the root is lifted up, the knobs
hang down, as in the Filipendula, and Elzagnus.

Pendulus Pedunculus, hanging down, oppofed

to ereétus, firiélus.
Pendula Corolla, as in the Lathrea fquammaria.

PENICILLIFORMIA Stigmata [a penictllus,
a pencil] in fhape refembling a painter’s pencil,
as in the A&lium.

PENTAGONUS Caulis. See Triganus.
Pentagenus Calyx, as in the Chenopodium.

PEN-

Pe
PENTAGYNIA [ae1s, guingue, five, & Tvs

mulier, 2 woman] one of the orders in the sth,
roth, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 2oth claffes in the
Linnean fyftem : in thofe claffes it diftinguifh-
es the plants in whofe frudtification there are
five Piftilla, which are confidered, in the fexu-
al fyftem, as the female organs of generation.

PENTANDRIA [z=i2, guingue, five, & ave,
maritus, a hufband] the fifth clafs in the Lin-
nzan fyftem ; it comprehends fuch flowers as
have five Stamina: its orders are fix, viz. Mo-
NoGYNIA, which contains 122 genera, viz. He-
hotropium, L4yafctis, Lithofpermum, Anchufa, Cy-
noglofium, Pulmonaria, Symphytum, Cerinthe, O-
nofima, Borago, Afperugo, Lycopfis, Echium, Tour-
nefortia, Nolava, Diapenfia, Aretia, Androface,
Primula, Cortufa, Soldanella, Dodecatheon, Cycla-
men, Menyanthes, Hottonia, Hydrophyllum, Lyfi-
machia, Anagallis, Theephrafic, Patagonula, Spi-
gelia, Opkiorrbiza, Randia, Azalea, Plumbago,
Phlox, Convolvulus, Ipomoea, Polemonium, Cam-
panula, Roella, Phyteuma, Trachelium, Samaolus,
Nauclea, Rondeletia, Macrocnemum, Bellonia, Port-
landia, Cinchona, Pfychotria, Coffea, Chiococca, Ha
melita, Lonicera, Triofieum, Morinda, Conocarpus,
Erithalis, Menais, Genipa, Muffenda, Mirabilis,
Coris, Verbafcum, Datura, Hicfcyamus, Nicotiana,
-Airapa, Phyfalis, Solanum, Capficum, Strychnos,

Faquiniay

PE

Yaquinia, Chironia; Cordia, Ehretia, Varra-
nia, Laugieria, Brunsfelfia, Ceftrum, Lycium,
bryfophyllum, Sideroxylon, Rhamnus, Phylica,
Ceanothus, Bittneria, Myrfine, Celaftrus, E-
vonymus, Diofma,; Hartogia, Brunia, Itea, Ga-
lax, Cedrela, Mangifera, Cupania, Hirtella, Ri-
bes, Gronovia, Hedera, Vitis, Lagoecia, Sauvage-
fia, Claytonia, Achyranthes, Celofia, LIllecebrum,
Glaux, Thefium, Rauvolfia, Cerbera, Vinca,
Gardenia, Nerium, Plumeria, Echites, Camera-
ria, Tabernamontana, Ceropegia ; DiGynia,
containing 66 genera, viz. Periploca, Cynanchum,
Apocynum, Afclepias, Stapelia, Herniaria, Chend-
podium, Beta, Salfola, Anabafis, Creffa, Trian-
thema, Gompbrena, Bofea, Ulmus, Nama, Hydro-
lea, Heuchera, Swertia, Gentiana, Phyllis, Eryn-
gium, Hydrocotyle, Sanicula, Aftrantia, Bupleu-
rum, Echinophora, Tordylium, Caucalis, Artedia,
Daucus, Ammi, Bunium, Conium, Selinum, Atha-
manta, Peucedanum, Crithmum, Cachrys, Ferula;
Laferpitium, Heracleum, Ligufticum, Angelica,
Sium, Sifon, Bubon, Cuminum, Oenanthe, Phel-
andrium, Cicuta, Zthufa, Coriandrum, Scandix,
Cherophyllum, Imperatoria, Sefeli; Thapfia, Pa/ii+
naca, Smyrnium, Anethum, Carem, Pimpinella;
Apium, fEgcpodium, Haffelquiftia ; TRIGYNIA;
containing 15 genera, viz. Rhus, Viburnum, Caf-
fine, Sambucus, Spathelia; Staphylea, Tamarix;
Lurnera, Televbium, Gorrigiola, Pharnaceum, Al-

cine, —

2

PE

cine, Drypis, Bafella, Sarothra ; TETRAGYNIA,
containing 2 genera, viz. Parnaffia, Evelvulus;
PENTAGYNIA, containing 8 genera, viz. Aralia,
Barrera, Statice, Linum, Aldrovanda, Drofera,
Craffula, Sibbaldia; PouyGynta, containing
but one genus, viz. Myofurus. The word
Pentandria is alfo an ordinal title in Linnzeus’s
16th, 18th, 2oth, 21/t, and 22d clafles.

PENTANGIZ [awl five, & av[@, vas, a
veffel, or loculamentum] The\nineteenth clafs in
Boerhaave’s fyftem,

PENTAPETALA Corolla [sil quingue, &
wetarov, petalum] confifting of five petala, as in
the Umbellate, viz. Pentandria, Digynia.

PENTAPHYLLUS Cahx [were, quingue, &
Quaroy, folium, a leaf] confifting of five leaves,
as in the Ci/fus, Adonis, Cerbera.

PERENNIS Radix [ex per, by, & annus, a
year] a perennial, or continual root ; 7. ¢. con-
tinuing feveral years.

PERFECTUS Fils, Ray, and other bota-
nifts ; Petalodes of Tournefort. See Petalodes.

PERFOLIATUM Folium [per & folium]}
\ 5 fi

PE

fi bafis folii undique cingat tranfuerfim caulem,
when the de/is of the leaf entirely furrounds the
ftem tranfverfely ; differing from Amplexicaule
in the {tem appearing nearer the centre of the
leaf, as in the Bupleurum rotundifolium, Uvula-

ria perfol.

PERFORATE: Cotyledones [ perforor, to be
pierced through] perforated. A fpecies of
the Monscotyledones, exemplified in Gramina.

Perforata, an order of plants in the Fragmen-
ta methodi naturalis of Linneus, containing the
following genera, viz. Hypericum, Afcyrum, Ci-

fius, Telephium.

PERIANTHIUM [ex zg, circum, about,
& at@, flos, a flower] the Calyx fo called
when contiguous to the fruttification. When
it includes the Stamina and Germen, it is the Pe-
rianthium of the fructification ; when the Sta-
mina, without the Germen, are included, the
Perianthium of the flower ; the Perianthium of
the fruit, when it contains the Germen, and
not the Stamina.

PERICARPIUM [from Tees, circum, & webe~
xo: _femen, feed] the Germen fo called in its ftate
of maturity. It is that Vifcus, as Linnzus

terms it, which contains the feed of the plant,
and,

PE

and, in different fubjects, is diftinguifhed by
the feveral appellations of Capfula, Siliqua, Le-
gumen, Conceptaculum, Drupa, Pomum, Bacca,
Strobilus, Folliculus.

PERICHA:TIUM [A we, & Xairn, juba]
A modification of the Receptaculum in the Adujci
& Alge ; it is a cylindrical fheath in the Po-
iytricum, fquammofum in the Hypnum, tubulofum
and ferving for the Calyx in the ‘fungermannia.

PERPENDICULARIS Radix. According
to Linnzus, a fpecies of Caudex defcendens which
runs ftraight down into the ground.

PERSISTENS Folium [perfiffo, to abide]
expreffes the third degree of duration, fee ca-
ducum, deciduum ; remaining till the fruit is ripe,
ad maturitatem fructus per/i/tens.

Perfifientes Stipule, exemplified in the clafs
Diadelphia, and [cofandria polygynia.
| Perfiftens Calyx, as in the clafs Didynamia.

PERSONAT & [i: e. perfonam gerens ; mafk-
ed] An order of plants in the Fragmenta metho-
di naturalis of Linneus, containing thefe gexera,
viz, Cymbaria, Antirrhinum, Rhinanthus, Pedicu-
laris, Bartha, Eupbrafia, Melampyrum, Obelaria,
Orabanche, “Fufticia, Verbena, Veronica, &c. The

S$ 2 Perfonate

PE

Perfonate are of the third clafs in Tournefort,

and are the Didynamia Angiofpermia of the fexual

fyftem.
Perfonatus. See Ringens,

PES, a foot. ‘Phe eighth degree in the
Linnxan fcale for meafuring the parts of
plants: from the elbow to the bafs of the
thumb, or twelve Parifian inches. See Men-
fura.

PETALIFORMIA Stigmata [Petalum] In

thape refembling a petalum, as in the Iris.

PETALODES Files [Petalum] Tournefort.
Having a cerolla: Perfecius of many other bo-
tanifts. "

PETALUM [from M:raa, panda, to expand]
the corollaceous tegument of the flower. The
leaves which conftitute the Core//a are called Pe-
tala, to diftinguifh them from the other leaves
of the plant. The different parts of a Petalum,

or FPetala, are the Tubus, Limbus, Unguis, &

Lamina.

PETIOLARIS Cirrus [petiolus] a tendril
proceeding from the foot ftalk of a leaf.
Peticlaris

SS

— "9

Py (

Peticlaris Pedunculus, a Pedunculusinferted in a
Petiolus, asin the Hibifcus, Turnera.

Petiolaris Gemma, regards the origin of the
Gemma ; formed from a petiolus : it is either op-
pofitiva, or alternativa,

Petiolares Glandule, when the glandulg are on
the petioli, as in the Ricinus, “fatropha, Paffifie-
va, Caffia, Mimofa, &c.

PETIOLATUM Folium [Petiolus, a foot-
ftalk] a leaf growing on a foot-ftalk, oppofed °
to Seffile.

PETIOLUS [dim. a pede, qua/i pediolus, a lit «
tle foot, vela petilus, flender] the foot-ftalk of
a leaf, felium ; trunct fpecies adneétens folium, nec
ructificationem : yet there are fome few inftances
where the fame foot-ftalk fupports both fructi-
fication and leaves, as in the Turnera, Hibifcus.
Diftine from the foot-ftalk of a flower which
7s called Pedunculus. One of the feven Fulcra
ia the Linnean fyftem.

PILEUS Fungi [a Wines, lana coaéia] a hat
or bonnet. The orbicular expanfion of a
mufhroom, which covers the fructification.

PILI, hairs; a fpecies of pubefcens which fre-
queatly covers the furface of plants, and ferves
them

PI

them as excretory ducts, ductus excretorius plan-
tea fetaceus.

PILOSUM Folium [tiness pilus, a hair] when
the furface of the leaf is covered with long
‘diftin&t hairs, as in the Cortufa, “funcus pilofus,
fylvaticus, campefiris,

Pilofa Semina, hairy, as in the Centauriea, &
Tragopogon.

PINNATIFIDUM Folium [ffuve, Pinna, 2
wing] applied to a fimple leaf, tranfuerfim divi-
fum laciniis horizontalibus oblongrs, tran{verfely
divided into long horizontal /acini@, as in the
Caucalis arvenfis, & anthrifcus, Chelidonium hybri-
dum, Papaver rhoeas, dubium.

PINNATUM Folium [pinna, the large fea-
thers of a wing] that fpecies of compound leaf
in which many fo/iola grow on the fides oi one-
petiolus ; cum petiolus fimplex lateribus adneGit fali-
ola plura, Folia Pinnata are either byuga, tri-
juga, quadrijuga, &c. 3 impari abrupte, cirrht fay
foliis oppofitis, alternis, interruptis, articule tis,
decurfivis. The Palemonum caruleum, and A gri-
monia eupatoria, {hew examples of the fa lum
pinnatum ; likewife, the Potentilla fruticafa, aré
gentina, rupeftris.

PI-

‘aa by
PIPERITZ [Piper, pepper] An order of

plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin-
f#eeus. The plants of this order are thefe, /f-
yum, Dracontium, Calla, Acorus, Saururus, Po-

thes, Piper, Phytolacca.

PISTILLUM, a peftil. The little upright
column which is generally found in the centre
of every flower. According to the Linnzam
fyftem, it is the female part of generation,
whofe office is to receive and fecrete the Pollen,
and produce the fruit. It confifts of three
parts, viz. Germen, Stylus, and Stigma.

PIXIDATUM Felkum [a Pixis, a box] a
fpecies of the articulatum, when one leaf is as
it were let into the other, ff unum folium in fo-
veam alterius quafi immittitur, Ludw. as in the

Equifetum & Ephedra.
PLACENTA, Boerhaave. See Receptaculum.

PLACENTATIO [Placenta] regards the Co-
tyledons of the feed, cotyledonum difpofitio fub ipfa
Jeminis germinatione. Plants, as to placentation,
are acotyledones, monocotyledones, dicotyledones, or
polycotyledones. .

PLANIPETALUS Fibs [planus, plane, flat,
&

PL

& petalum] Senuflofculofus, of Tournef. Lingulatus —
of Ponted. Cichoraccus of Vaill, See Ligula-
tus.

PLANTA, plants ; one of the feven tribes, —
or families, of the vegetahle kingdom, accord-
ing to Linnzus: it comprehends all vegetables
which are not included in the other fix, which
fix families are thefe, viz. Fungi, Alge, Mufi,
Filices, Gramina, Palme. Plante are either her-
bacee, frutices, or arbores. |

PLANUM Folium [ab emda, planus] plain,
flat, neither, neither convex nor concave, quod °
utramque fuperficiem ubique parallelam gerit.

PLENOS Fils, a full: ower, whofe Co-
rolla is {o multiplied as to exclude all the Sia-
mina. ‘This plenitude is brought about by
the Stamina running into Petala, which hap-
pens moft frequently to polypetalous flowers.
Thefe flores pleni, fays Linnzus, becoming
eunuchs, are always barren, and being un-
natural productions, conftitute no genus.
The impletion of fimple flowers is by the in-
creafe either of the Petala or Neétarium ; that
of compound ones, by the Radius or the dik.

PLICATUM Felium [ plico, to fold] guum

difcus ‘

Bi

difeus folit verfus marginem ad angules adfcendit
defcendit; in plain Englifh, plaited like a wo-
man’s fan, ora candle-fhade, as in the Eryngium
marttimum, When ufed as a terin of foliation,
it implies the leaf within the gemma, being
plaited longitudinally, as in the Betala, Vitis,
Malva, Urtica, Aichemilla, Paffijlora, Vibur-
zum, &c.

Phicate Cotyledanes, plaited or folded, a fpe-
cies of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Go-
[ypium.

Plicata Corolla, asin the Convolvulus.

PLUMATA (feta [ pluma, a foft feather]
That fpecies of pubefcence termed feta, is faid
to be plumata, feathered, when each brittle
has lateral hairs growing like the plume on a
quill.

PLUMOSUS Pappus [ pluma, a fmall fofe
feather] compound and wooliy, as in the Cre-
pis, Scorzonera, Tragepogon, &e.

PLUMULA, a little feather; the afcending
f{caly part of the Corculum of the Semen.

“POLLEN [from Mean, fine meal, or fower]
that duft which is contained in the 4nthera, and
which, according to Linneus, is difcharged

ei thence,

PO
thence, and lodges on the furface of the Stig,
ma, by whofe moifiure it is detained ; which
moifture burfts its atoms and diffolves them,
and thence pafling through the Sty/us, impreg-
nates .the Germen below ; which Germen, thus
impregnated, fwells and produces the fruit,

POLLEX, the thumb. The fourth degree
in the Linnzan fcale for meafuring the parts
of plants : the length of the firft joint of the
thumb, or a Parifianinch. See Afenfura,

POLLICARIS Caulis [a Pollex, a thumb]
See Pollex.

POLYADELPHIA [a zoavs, multus, many,
& ARagis, frater, a brother] the eighteenth
clafs in the fexual fyftem of Linnzus ; it in-
cludes thofe plants which bear hermaphrodite
flowers with three or more fets of united Stami-
na. ‘The orders are three, viz. PENTANDRIA,
containing but one genus, viz. Theobromo ; Ico-
SANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz. Ci-
trus ; POLYANDRIA, containing 2 genera, viz.
Hypericum, Afcyrum.

POLYANDRIA [ittass, multus, many, &
Ave, maritus, a hufband] the thirteenth clafs
in the Linnean fyftem ; it contains thofe

plants

ao

PO

plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers, with.
many /famina, and is to be diftinguifhed from
the Icofandria, in wanting the claffical charac-
teriftics of that clafs. “The orders are feven,
viz. Monocynta, comprehending 38 genera,
viz. Marcgravia, Rheedia, Morifonia, Capparis,
A@taa, Sanguinaria, Podophyllum, Chelidonium,
Papaver, Argemone, Cambogia, Muntingia, Sar-
racenia, Nymphea, Bixa, Sloanea, Mammea,
Ochna, Calophyllum, Grias, Tilia, Laetia, Mi-
crocos, Elaocarpus, Lecythis, Meffua, Vateria,
Lagerftroemia, Thea, Caryophyllus, Mentzelia,
Plinia, Delima, Ciftus, Prockia, Corchorus,
Seguiera, Symplocos; DiGyNia, containing 3
genera, Viz. Peonia, Curatella, Calligonum ;
TRiGYNIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Delphi-
nium, Aconitum; TETRAGYNIA, containing
but one genus, viz. Tetracera; PENTAGYNIA,
containing 3 genera, viz. Nigella, Aquilegia,
Reaumuria ; HexAGyYNia, containing but one
genus, viz. Siratioles ; PoLyGyNIa, containing
17 genera, viz. Dillenia, Liriodendron, Magno-
lia, Michelia, Uvaria, Annona, Anemone, Atra-
gene, Clematis, Thalictrum, Adonis, Ranunculus,
Trellis, Lfopyrum, Helleborus, Caltha, Hydraftis,
Polyandria plerumque venenata eft. Lin.

POLYANGL [moau, many, & Arf, vas,
aveffel, or /sculamentum] The twentieth clafgs

"Tt 2 in

PO

in Eoerhaave’s fyftem ; it contains the Alva,
Nymphaea, Nigelia, Ciflus, &c.

POLYCOTYLEDONES [Moaus, & Cotyl.]
having many cotyledons; a mode of placen-
tation, exemplified in the Pinus, Cupreffus, &
Linum.

POLYGAMIA [aoavs, multus, many, & Ta.’
us, nuptiz, nuptials] The twenty-third clafs
in the l-innzan fyftem, comprehending thofe
plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers, to-
gether with male or female flowers, or both;
marili cum uxoribus & innuptis cobabitant in diftin-
tis thalamis. "The orders in this clafs are
three, viz. Monoxcta, containing 18 genera,
viz. Mufa, Holcus, Cenchrus, Ifchemum, 42gi-
lops, Andropogon, Apluda, Valantia, Ophioxylon,
Celtis, Veratrum, Acer, Begonia, Mimafa, De-
dechampia, Clufia, Parietaria, Atriplex ; D10-
ECIA, containing 8 genera, viz. Panax, Diof-
pyrusy Nyffa, Flaxinus, Anthrofpermum, <Arélo-
pus, Gleditfia, Pifonia; TR10ECtA, containing
but one genus, viz. Ficus,

Polyzamia, applied to a fingle flower, regards
the intercommunication of the flofuli which
form that flower, as in the firft, fecond,
third, and fourth orders of the clafs Syngene-

Jia.

PQ

fia. See Equalis, Superflua, Fruftranea, &
Neceffaria,

-POLYGYNIA [coaue, multus, many, & Tein,
multer, a woman] one of the orders in the sth,
6th, 12th, & 13th claffes in the Linnean fy-
{tem : io thefe claffes it diftinguithes the plants
in whofe fructification there are many Styii,
which are confidered, in the fexual fyftem, as
the female organs of generation.

POLYPETALA Corolla [xorvs, multus, &
miteroy, petalum| confifting of many petala, as
in the Nymphaea.

POLYPHYLLUM Sivolucrum [wonrvs, multus, .
many,/& ®varov, folium, a leaf] confifting of
many leaves.

Wi POLYSTACHIUS Culmnus [xoaus, & Urdyys,
Spica} having many /pice, as the Scirpus lacu/lris,
Scirpus holofchaenus, & Scirpus fetaceus.

POMACEZ: [Pomum, an apple, pear, €&'c.} .
An order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi na-
turalis of Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz.
Punica, Pyrus, Crategus, Mefpilus, Sorbus,
Ribes.

PO-

PR
POMUM, an apple, pear, &c.; according

to Linnexus, a clofe pulpy Pericarpium, cover-
ed by a continued thin membrane without
valves, and containing a Cap/ula.

PORI [stiga, tranfadigo, to pierce through],
Linneus chufes to clafs thefe Pori, pores, ob-
fervable on the furface of fome plants, among
the fecretory, rather excretory, glandule. We

have examples of thefe pores in the Tamarix,
Silene, &c.

POSTICUS Angulus, [a poft, ut anticus ab
ante] a pofterior angle, fuch as are formed by
the excavation in the ba/is of a Folium cordatunt,
lunatum, or fagittatum.

PREMORSA Radix, [a premordeo, to bite]
a root which does not run tapering to its extre-
‘rity, but appears truncated, or bitten off, asin
Scabiofa, Plantago, & Valeriana, ,

Pramorfum folium, a leaf whofe apex is very
obtufe, and unequally notched or bitten, guod
obtufiffimum terminatur incifuris inequalibus.

PRECIZ [oprecius, early] an order of (
plants in the Fragmenta method: naturalis of Lin«
nus, containing thefe genera, viz. Primula,

Androface,

PR

Androface, Diapenfia, Cortufa, Dodecatheon,
Soldanella, Cyclamen.

PRISMATICUS Calyx [Prifia, a prifm]
equal in diameter from top to bottom, but dif-
ferent from Cylindraceus, in its circumference
being angular, as in the Pulmonaria.

Prifmaticum Pericarpium, cum lineare poly-
edrum fit lateribus planis.

PROCUMBENS Caulis: lying along the
ground, horizontaliter fupra terram; different
in fignification from repens, in not fhooting
Out radicule as it runs along : exemplified in
the Convolvulus foldanella. Synonym. with bree

Stratus.

PROLIFER Flos [from Proles, offspring].
Flowers ave called proliferous where one grows
out of the other, which feldom happens ex-
cept in flores plent. Prolification is either from
the centre or from the fide : the firft happens
in fimple flowers, when the Pifiillum fhoots in-
to another flower raifed on a fingle Pedunculus ;
the fecond, in aggregate flowers, properly fo
called, when, from one common calyx, many
pedunculate flowers are produced, When um-
bellate flowers become proliferous, it is by one

| Umbellula growing out of another,
Prokfer

PR
Prolifer Caulis, fhooting forth | branches

enly from the centre of the apex, as in the
Pirus.

PROMINULUM Diffepimentum [promineo, ;
to jet or ftand out] prominent at the apex of
the Pericarpium beyond the valves, as in the 4
clafs Tetradinamia of Linneus. 4

PRONUM difcum felii [wegovte, antig, havin 4
the face downwards] the inferior diik or back
of the leaf.

PROPAGO, a fhoot or layer; the feed of |
mofies, firft difcovered by Linneus in the year |

1750.

PROPRIUM Involucrum, when at the bajfis —
of a flos umbellatus properly fo called. :

PROSTRATUS Caulis. See Procumbens.

PRUNUS. See Drupa,

PSEUDO [¥1%», fall, to deceive] baftard ; \
as Pfeudo-cyperus, battard cyperus: fynon. with —

Adulterinus,

PUBFS, down, hair. One of the fevena
kinds

Pou

kinds of Fulera; it includes pili, lana, barba,
tomentum, ftrige, fete, hami, glochides, glandule,
utriculi, vifcofitas, glutinofitas, In the Phil.
Botanica, jiimuli, aculet, furce, fpine, were alfo
numbered among the Pubes; but Linnzus has
fince ranged them under Arma.

PUBESCENTIA 6 armatura plante que ab

externis injuris defenditur. See Pubes,

PULPOSUM Folium [pulpa, the pulp, or
flefhy part of meat] regards the fubftance of
leaves, quod interne pulpa repletum eft: this is
Linneus’s explanation of the term Carnofum,
but certainly it is more properly applied in this
place. See Carnofum, Compaéium. It is alfo
applied to fruits; a common plum is a hail
an apple carnofum.

PULVERATUM (folium [a Pulvis, powder,
duft] covered with a kind of meal or duft, as
on the inferior difk of the Frankenia pulveru-
lenta, Bonus henricus, a fpecies of Chenopodium.

PUNCTATUM Folium [punétum, a point]
quod punétis excavatis adfperfum eff, befprinkled
with hollow dots or points, as in the Anthemis
maritima,

U , PU-

QU
PUTAMINEA [Putamen, a fhell] an ordér
of plants inthe Fragmenta methodi naturalis of |
Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Capparis,
Breynia, Marifona; Crativa, Maregravia.

Q;

QUADRANGULARE Folium; a quadran-
gular leaf; having four prominent angles in
the circumfcription of its difk. Triangulare,
Quadrangulare, &c. exprefs the figure of a leaf
confidered in one plane,

QUADRIFIDUM Folium [in quatuor partes
fifus] confitting of four divifions, its finufes li-
near, and margins ftraight. See Fiffum,

QUADRIJUGUM Folium [quatuor, 8& jugo,
to yoke] a folium pinnatum confifting of four
pair of foliala.

QUADRILOBUM Folium [quatuor, four, &
Adéos, the tip of the ear] confifting of four
lobes. See Lobatum.

QUADRIPARTITUM Folium [quatuor, &
partitus, divided] confifting of four divifions,
afque ed bafin, down to the bafe.

Qqua-

QU
QUATERNA Folia ; by fours : applied to
the folia verticillata, fignifying the number of
leaves of which each verticillum confifts.

QUINA Folia; by fives: applied to the fo-
lia verticillata, indicating the number of leaves
of which each verticillum confifts,

QUINATUM Folium [quinus, five] expref-
five of the number of foliola in a folium digita-
tum.

QUINQUANGULARE Folium ; having
five prominent angles in the circumfcription of
its dik. This term, as alfo Iriangulare, &c,
indicate the figure of a leaf confidered in one
plane,

QUINQUEJUGUM Folium [quingue, & jugs,
to yoke] a folium pinnatum of five pair of foliola.

QUINQUELOBUM Folium [quinqgue, five,
& Actes, the tip of the ear] confifting of five
lobes. See Lobatum.,

QUINQUEPARTITUM Folium [quinque,
& partitus, divided] confifting of five divifions,
ufque ad bafin, down to the bafe,

Quinquepartitus Calyx, as in the Lithofpermum,

QUINQUIFIDUM Folium [in quinque partes
fifum] confifting of five divifions, with linear
finufes and firaight margins. See Fiffum,

3 Quinquifidus

RA

Lu:nquifidus is applied toa monophyllous Ca-
yx with five fegments, which is a claffical cha-
racteriftic of the Didynamia, *

Quinquifida Corolla, as in the Myofotis feorpi-

cides.

R.

RACEMUS [a ramus, vel a radendo] a bunch
of grapes or other berries ; a fpecies of inflo-
refcence refembling a bunch of currant-berries,
confifting of a pedunculus with fhort lateral
branches, as in the Vitis, Ribes, &c. A Race-
mus may be Simplex, compofitus, unilateralis, peda-
tus, conjugatus, erectus, laxus, dependens, nudus,
or foliatus.

RACHIS [Pazis, dorfum, the back; or ra-
ther, Spina dorfi, the back-bone] A fpecies of
receptaculum, as in the Panicum crocus corvi, &
crocus galli, Senecio vulgaris. | .

RADIATUS Fibs [ Radius, a ray] A fpecies

of compound flower in which the Corellule of

the D:/cus are tubular, and thofe of the mar-
gin either igulate, tubulofe, or ubnude, Clafs
Syngenefia of Linneus.

RA-

pn

ie ee ee ee

RA
RADICALIA Folia [Radix, a root] 2 term

_ relative merely to what is called the determina-
nation of leaves ; leaves proceeding immediate-
ly from the root, as in the Potentilla opaca.

Radicalis Pedunculus, a foot-ftalk proceeding
from the root.

RADICANS Caulis [radicor, to take root]
bending to the earth, and ftriking root, but
not creeping along; in this refpect different
from Sarmentofits, & Repexs.

Radicans Folium, in aquatic plants, when
the leaves ftrike root. .

RADICATUM 9 Folium [Radix] fhooting
out roots from the fubftance of the leaf.

RADICULA [dim. a radix] a little root ;
the fibrofe part of the Radix, terminating the
defcending caudex, and imbibing nourifhmeng
for the fupport of the plant. .

RADIUS, a ray; the circumference, or
margin, which furrounds the Dicus in a radi-
ate compound flower.

RADIX, a root; commonly underftood to
be that part of the plant which is underground ;
but Linnzus chufes to confider as root all that

lies

RA

lies below the branches. The ftem, he terms
the afcending Caudex, and that which is com-
monly called the body of the root, the defcend-
ing Caudex. The root therefore, according to
this writer, confifts of Cazdex and Radicula : it
is ceompofed of medulla, lignum, liber, & cortex.

Vid. Phil. Botan. p. 38.

RAMEA Folia (Ramus, a branch] regards
the determination only ; leaves growing on the
branches, oppofed to Caulina Radicalia,

Rameus Pedunculus, the foot-ftalk of a flower
proceeding from a branch.

RAMOSISSIMUS Caulis [Ramus, 4
branch] ramis multis abfque ordine gravidus, a-
bounding with branches irregularly difpofed.

RAMOSUS Caulis [ Ramus, a branch] ha-
ving many branches.

Ramofa Radix, having ftrong lateral branch-
es, as in the Urtica,

RAMUS [ab ‘gxuvoc, a {mall branch] the
branch of a tree. .

RECEPTACULUM, a receptacle; the ba- , .
fis on which the other fix parts of frudtification

are connected: its fpecies are Recepiaculum pro-
prium,

RE

prium, Receptaculum commune, Umbella, Cyma,
Spadix.

Receptaculum Commune, common receptacle,
connecting many flo/cult, fo as that taking any
of them away would caufe irregularity.

Receptaculum Floris, receptacle of the flower,
a bafis to which are fixed the parts of the
flower exclufive of the germen;

Receptaculum Fruétificationis, receptacle of the
fructification; common to the flower and fruit.

Receptaculum Fruétus, receptacle of the fruit,
a bafis for the fruit only, remote from that of
the flower.

Receptaculum Proprium, proper ‘receptacle ;
belonging to one fructification only.

Receptaculum Seminum, receptacle of the feed,
is the 4a/is on which the feeds are fixed within
the Pericarpium.

Receptaculum, Sedes of Ray, Placenta of Boer-
haave, Thalamus of Vaill.

RECLINATUM Folium [recline, to bend}
quod deorfum curvatur, bending downward, fo
that the apex of the leaf is lower than the bafe.
The fame as Reflexuim. Arcuatim verfus terram,
fays Linnzus, applying this term alfo to the ~
Caulis. As a term of foliation, it implies thé
Teaves within the gemma being folded back to-
wards the petiolus, verfus petiolum deorfum re-

flexas

RE

fiexa, asin the Aconitum, Hepatica, Adoxa, Po-
dophylium, &c.

RECURVATUM Folum [recurvo, to bend
back] bent downward, in a greater degree than
Reclinatum, hut not fo much as Revolutum.

REDUCT Cotyledones, reduced ; a fpecies
of the monocotyledones, exemplified in the Cepa ;
and alfo of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the
Unmbellata.

REFLEXUS Ramus [reficéio, to bend back]
bent back again to the trunk; or bent in two
oppofite directions. See Deflexus, Retroflexus.

Reflexum Perianthium, bent back, as in Afcle-
pias Leontodon taraxacum,

Reflexum folium, as in the Euphorbia portlan-
dica.

REGULARIS Corolla; regular, equal in the
figure, magnitude, and proportion of its parts,
as in the Phillyrea, Liguftrum, Syringa, Faf-

minum.

REMOTUS Perticillus [a removeo, to remove }
when the Verticilli are at a confiderable diftance
from each other, oppofed to contiguus; ex-
-emplified in the Galeop/is ladanum.

Remota

RE

Remsta Folia, oppofed to approximata.
Remoti Pedunculi, oppofed to conferti.

RENIFORME Folium [Ren, a kidney] In
fhape refembling a kidney, fubrotundum, baft
excavatum, angulis defiitutum, as in the Convolvu-
lus foldonella, Campanula rotundifolia, Saxifraga

granulata, — b

REPANDUM Folium [re, & pando, to bend]
cujus margo angulis, etfque interjectis finubus, cir-
cul fegmento inferiptis ter rminatur 5 3 properly fpeak-
ing, having a ferpentine margin 5 ; without any
angles at t all.

REPENS Radix [4 repo, to creep] a creep:
ing root; 7%. ¢. extending horizontally, and
fending forth Radicula from {pace to fpace, as
in Mentha.

Repens Caulis, running along the ground, and
ftriking root at certain ee as in the He-

aera, & Bignonia,

REPTANS Flagellum [repto, to creep]

creeping along the ground, as in | the Fragaria

vefca.

RESTANTES Peduncul: ; remaining after
the fruStification has fallen off, ' .
Xx RE-

RE

RESUPINATIO Fiorum ; when the labium
fuperius of the corolla faces the ground, and the
inferius is turned face upward, asin the Viole
europee, Ocymum, Ajuga orientalis, and fome
fpecies of the Satyrium.

RESUPINATUM Folum, pena: to turn
upwards] turned upfide down.
Refupinata Corolla, as in the Schrophularza.

RETROFLEXUS Ramus [retro, backward,

& flexus, bent] according to Linnus, the
third degree of curvature ; three times bent ;
bent in three different directions. See Defle-
wus, Reflexus. .

RETROFRACTUS Pedunculus, [ex retro,
backwards, & frangor, to be broken] bent or -
bowed backward towards its infertion,

RETUSUM Folium [retundor, to be blunt-
ed] the natural meaning of this word is the
fame as obtufum; but Linnzus. chufes to under-
ftand them very differently. See Obtufum.
Retufum he explains thus, quod terminatur finu
obtufo, terminating in an obtufe finus, Both
thefe words regard the apex. The Folium re-
tufum is exemplified in the Frankenia pulvern-
lenta.

RE-

RI

REVOLUTUM FPolium [revolve, to roll
back] rolled back. It is particularly ufed by
Linnezus asa term of foliation (fee Fuliatic),
fignifying the lateral margins being rolled fpi-
rally backward, as in Rofmarinus, Tucrium ma-
rum, &c.

Revoluta Corolla, rolled back, as in the Z/pa>
vagus, MMedesla.

RHASADES [Rheas, the red poppy] An
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturals
of Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Pa-
paver, Argemone, Chelidminm, Bocconia; Sangui-
naria, Aaa, Podophyllum,

RHOMBEUM Folinen (Rhombus, a seome-
trical figure of four equal fides, but not right.
angled] a diamond-fhaped leaf.

RHOMBOIDEUM $Folium [Romboides, 4
geometrical figure whofe fides and dangles are
unequal] exemplified in the Chenopodium vi-
ride.

RIGIDUS Caulis; folia; iff, oppofed to

laxus.

RIMOSUS Coulis, abounding with clefts
and chinks:

X 2 RIN-

RO

RINGENS [from ‘ps, na/us, a nofe] grin-
ning. Applied to the irregular divifion of the
Limbus of a monopetalous Cerolla into two lips:
Labiatus, & Perfonatus of Tournefort; Mfono-
petala irregularis of Rivinus : fuch, in general,
are the plants of the clafs Didyxamia of Linnzus.

ROSACEUS Flos [Rofa, a rofe] confifts of
more or lefs than four Petala, placed ina cir-
cle, like thofe of the rofe, as in the Ranun-
culus, Quinquefolium, Paonia: Tournef. clafs vi.

ROSTELLUM, a little beak ; the defcend-
ing plain part of the Corculum of the Semen.

ROTACEZ [Rota, a wheel] An order of
plants in the Fragmenta method: naturalis of Lin.
nus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Gentiana,
Exacum, Chironia, Swertia, Lyfimachia, Ana-
callis, Trientalis, &c.

ROTATUS Limbus Corolle [Reta, a wheel]
expanded horizontally, without a tubular da/is,
as in the Borago, Ly/imachia.

ROTUNDATUM Felium ; rounded ; quod

angulis privatur,

RUBRA Laéfefcentia, red, as in the Rumex
Janguinea.
RU-

SA

RUDERATIS, Jocis underftood [Rudus,
rubbifh] growing among rubbifh and in high-
ways. Ruderata, fays Linnzus, juxta domos,
habitacul2, vias, ac plateas.

RUGOSUM $9Folium [ruga, a wrinkle]
wrinkled, cum vene foliorum contraétiores eva-
dunt quam difcus ut interjeéta fub/lantia adfcen-
dat, when, from the contraction of the veins,
the fubftance of the leaf rifes above them, as
in the Salvia, Primula yalzaris, & veris.

SAGITTATUM Folium [ Sagitta, an arrow |
a leaf fhaped like the head of an arrow, i7i-
angulare, bafi excavatum, angulis pofticis inffru-
élum, as in the Convolvulus arvenfis, & fepium,
Rumex acetofa, Erica vulgaris.

SARMENTACE ([Sarmentum, a twig or
{pray of a vine] An order of plants in the Frag-
menta methodi naturalis of Linnezus, amongft
which are thefe genera, viz. Ciffus, Aitis, He-
dra, Panax, Aralia, Rufcus, Afparagus, Uvu-

laria, Convallaria, Gloriofa.

SARMENTOSUS Caulis [A Sarmentum, the

twig

§.C

twig of a vine] repens, fubnudvs, creeping, al-
moft naked ; producing only a few leaves in
bunches juft above each knot of redicule,
which fhoot into the ground at various diftan-
ces. When it puts out roots the whole length
of the ftalks, fays Miller. Producing runners,
fays Hill, as in the Afarabacca.

SCABER Cuulis, Folium ; {cabby, rough
with tubercles ; oppofed to Glaber,

SCABRIDE [a faber, rough, rugged] An
order of plants in the Fregmenta methodi natura-
-dis of Linnzus, confifting of the following ge-
neva, viz. Ficus, Dorftenia, Parietaria, Urti-
cc, Cannabis, Acnida, Humulus, Morus.

. SCABRITIES [a feaber, rough] a fpecies of
Pubefcentia, according to the Phil. Botan. com:
pofed of particles, fcarce vifible to the naked
eye, fprinkled upon the furface of the plant.
Guettardus, fays Linnzeus, was among the firft
who, lynceis oculis, obferved this particular.
Scabrities is either glandulofa, fetacea, or articu-—
lata.

SCANDENS Caeulis; climbing, as in the
Hicdera, Lonicera.
Scandens foliolum, as in the Clematis vitalba.
' SCA-

sc

SCAPUS [8 Sxazlw, innitor, to lean upa]
that fpecies of Yruncus, or ftem, which clevates
the fru€tification and not the leaves,as in Nar-
tifus, Fyacinthus, &c. A fimple flaik ridng
directly from the root, fays Hull.

SCARROSUM Folium [ fearrés, to be rough]
Linnezus ranges this word among thofé applied
to the fubftance of leaves; what it is intended
to fignify, I confefs [ am ignorant. Some are
of opinion it means, every nerve of the leaf be-
ing vifible on the furface. In the laft edition
of the Sy/fema nature 1759, we find Scarief2,
which muft bea typographical blunder.

SCITAMINA [an 4 /fius, fair, beautiful,
or a fitamentum, meat of a pleafant tafte ?] An
order of plants, all exotics, in the Fragmenta
methedi naturalis of Linnaeus : it contains the ©
following genera, viz. Aduja, Thalia, Alpinia,
Coftus, Canna, Maranta, Amonum, Curcuma,

Kanipferia.

SCORPIOIDES Flos [Scerpio, a feorpion]
refembling the tail of the {corpion, as in the
Scorpiwrus, “Tournef,

SCUTELLATI. See Scutelium.

SCU-

@

SE
SCUTELLUM Lichenibus [Scutum, a target]

A fpecies of frudtification which is orbicular,
concave, and elevated in the margin, as in 1 fome
f; {pecies of the Lichen.

SCYPHIFER [a Zxvpeos, feyphus, a cup, &
Jer, to bear] cup-bearing, a fubdivifion of the

genus Lichen, in Linneus.

SECRETORIA Scabrities, [a fecerno, to fe-
parate] a fpecies of glandular Scabrities, fearce
vifible to the naked eye, on the furface of
fome plants, ferving them as organs of fecre-
tion.

SECUNDA Spica [ fequendo] the flowers
turned all one way, ad unum latus verfisy as in
the Dadiylis ‘eynofurcides.

Secunda Panicula, as in the Daéiyits glomera-
tus, & Fe ohne:

SECURIFORMIS Pubefcentia [fecuris, am
axe or hatchet] a fpecies of pubes, on the fur-
face of fome plants, the fete refembling an axe,
as in the Humulus, &c,

SEDES; Ray. See Receptaculum.

SEMEN, feed. Linnzus, i in his general des
finition,

so

finition, calls it the deciduous part of the vegeta-
ble, and rudiment of a new production, being
vivified by the irrigation or fprinkling of the
Pollen ; but, according to the fame writer, the
Semen, properly fo called, is the rudiment of a
new vegetable, moiftened with juice or fap,
and involved in a membrane refembling a blad-
der. Its principal conftituent parts are Corcu-
lum, Cotyledon, Hilum, Arillus, Corenula.

SEMINALE Folium [Semen, feed] feminal
leaves, are thofe which before were the cotyle-
dons, and appear firft.

SEMITERES Caulis; half-cylindrical, flat
on one fide, and round on the other.

SEMPERVIRENS Folium [ femper, & virens,
green] ever-green; the longeft degree of dura-
tion. See Gaducum, Deciduum, Perfiftens.

SENA Folia [a fex] growing in fixes, as in
the Gakum fpurium.

SENTICOS: [Sentis, a brier, a bramble}
an order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi na-
turalis of Linneus, containing thefe genera,
viz, Rofa, Rubus, Fragaria, Potentilla, Tormen-

BG tilla,

SE

tilla, Sibbaldia, Drycas, Geum, Comarum, Aphanes,
Alchemilla,

SEPIARIZE [Sepes, a hedge] an order of
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin-
Ries containing thefe genera, viz. Nyétanthes,

jafminum, Ligujir UMM Brunsfelfia, fa, Olea, Chio-
many Fraxinus, Syringa.

SEPTUM [a fepio, to adie Ludw. The
Diffepimentum of Lionzus, which fee.

SERICEUM Folium [ fericum, filk] a term
opplied to thofe leaves whofe furface is remark-
ably foft, filky, covered with a down of an ex-
treme fine texture.

SERPYLLIFOLIA [Serpyllum, Thyme, &
folium] with leaves refembling thofe of the Thy-
mus of Linnzus, the Serpyllum of every other
botanift ; the leaves of which are plani, obtufi,
baft cihati.

SERRATUM Folium [Serra, a faw] quod
angulis acutis imbricatis extremitatem refpicientibus
notatur, whofe margin is notched with imbrica-
ted angles, whofe fhorteft fide is next the aper s
fo that radii, to bifect each faliant angle, muft

be

SE

be drawn from the ba/ffof the leaf, as in the
Vaccinium myrtillus, Arbutus unedo, & alpina.
Serratus Calyx, when the apex, or upper edge;
is regularly cut in fmall Jaciaie, as in fome fpe-
cies of the Hypericum.
Serrata Corolla, as in the Tilia; & Alifma,

} Fislium [a fedeo, to fit] growing im-
SESSILE Folinm [a fedeo, to fit] g
mediately on the caulis, without any petzolus, as
in the Tormentilla erecta, Tcucrinm feordium
Mentha feicata, longifolia.
Seffiiis Flos, having no pedunciilus,
Seffilis Radix, joined to the ftem, as in the
Canna : a fpecies of the Tuberofa, according to

Dr Hill.

>

SET [xs#en, juba, ahorfe’s mance] briftles :
a fpecies of Pubefcence covéring the furface of
fome plants. Sete are either finplices, hamofe;
ramoje, plumate, or frellate : t6 which, from
the Phil. Botan. we may add, cylindrice, coni-
ca, glandulifera, furcate, as in the Lavendula ;
or fecuriformes; asin the Humulus, &c.

SETACEUM Folium, [a Seta; a briftle] co-
vered with a kind of briftly pubefcence, as in the

Afparagus officinalis.

SEXUS Plantarum. Plants are diftinguith-
¥o ed

sl

ed by the fex of their flowers, which are either
mafculus, femineus, or bermaphroditus ; which
fee.

SILICULA [dim. a Siliqua, a pod] a fpecies
of bivalvular pericarpium, whofe tranfverfe dia-
meter is equal, or nearly fo, to its longitu-
dinal ; it forms the firft order of the clafs Te-
tradynamia; is diftinguifhed from the Sikqua,
by the equality of its tranfverfe and longitudi-
nal diameters ; from the Legumen, by its feeds
being alternately fixed to oppofite futures.

SILICULOSA [a Szkcula, a little pod] the
firft order in the clafs Tetradynamia of Linnz-
us ; containing thofe plants whofe pericarpium
is a Silicula, “Thefe are the Siliculofe of Ray,
and, together with the Sz/iquofa, the Crucifor mes
of Tournefort.

SILIQUA, a pod, is that kind of Pericarpi-
um, Which confifts of two Valvule, and in
which the feeds are fixed alternately to each fu-
ture, fecundum futuram utramque, Miller impro-
perly applies this definition to the Legumen.

SILIQUOSA [Siliqua, a pod] the fecond
order in the clafs Yetradynamia of Linneus,
containing thofe plants whofe pericarpium is a

Siliqua.

Sf

Siliqua. "Thefe are the Siliquofe of Ray, and
part of the Cruciformes of Tournefort,

Siliquofe, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnzeus, of which are thefe
genera, viz. Myagrum, Anaftatica, Subularia,
Lepidium, &c. Siliquof aquof, acres, in-
cidentes, abftergentes, & diuretic funt :.exfic-
catione imminuitur virtus. Lin.

SIMPLEX Caulis ; a fimple ftem; continua-
ta ferie verfus apicem extenditur, i, €. not divi-
ding, but continuing a fingle {tem up to its apex,
only fending out {maller branches.

Simplex Spica, confifting of a fingle Spica, op-
pofed to compofita fpicillis.

Simplex FruGificatio, oppofed to compofita ex
flofeulis.

Simplex Umbella, having no Umbellule on the
apices of its peduncull.

Simplex Radix, not fubdivided.

Simplex Folium, oppofed to compofitum ; when
there is but a fingle leaf on a petiolus.

Simplex Calyx, when confifting of one feries
of Laciniz, as in the Tragopogon.

SIMPLICISSIMUS Caulis ; moft fimple ;
having very few branches, and proceeding in
a ftraight line up to its apex, oppofed to proli-

fer,

sO

fers dichotomus ; exemplified in the Lathrea
fquamaria. See Simplex, Integer.

SINUATUM Fokum [ Sinus, a hollow] quod
lateribus finus dilatatos admittit, whofe lateral
finufes are much dilated ; gaping wide. In ge-
neral, any deficiency or break in the difk of a
leaf is termed a finus.

SITUS Foliorum; the difpofition of leaves
on the item; viz. /fellata, terna, oppofita; alterna,

Jparfas conferta, &e.

SOLIDUS Gaulis, a folid Caulis, or ftem,
in oppofition to inanis, and fiffulofus. Solida;
when applied to Radix, indicates a fpecies of
the bulbous root, oppofed to Yunicata and
Squammofa, of a folid fubftance like the turnip.

SOLITARIUS Pedunculus [a folus, alone]
when there is but one proceeding from the
fame part.

Solitarius flos, when there is but one flower
upon each pedunculus, as in the Euphorbia peplis;
oppofed to bint, terni, &c.

Solitaria flipule, asin the A4elianthus, grow-
ing On the infide, and external in the Rujcus,

SO-

SP
SOLUTE Stipule [folvor, to be loofed]

loofe, as in moft plants, oppofed to adnate.

SPADICEUS [from Spadix] applied to an
agsregate flower, whofe Reéeptaculum, com-
mon to many flofculi, is within a Spatha,

SPADIX, the Receptaculum of a palm; a
Pedunculus which proceeds from a Spatha. A
Spadix may be cither branched, as in palms ; or
fimplex, as in Dracontium, &c.

SPARSI Rami, Pedunculi, Folia; {cattered
without order : uz plures abfque ordine progna-
feuntur, fays Linneus. With regard to branch-
€s, an accurate obferver will find, that, not-
withftanding their irregular appearance, they
form a fpiral line round the trunk, regularly
completing the circle in a determinate number.
of fteps. ‘The Fola fparfa are exemplified
in the Lilium candid. bulbifer. componium.

SPATHA, [from =xares, corium, fkin] the
Calyx is fo called when it opens longitudinally,
refembling a fheath, and envelopes a Spadix,
which properly means the receptacle of a palm ;
but this term is generally applied to other
pants whofe flower-ftalks proceed from a

fheath,

5 P
fheath, as in the Narcijfus, &c. A Spatha may

be wnivalvis, bivalvis, dimidiata.

SPATHACE [Spatha, a fheath, in the
janguage of botany] An order of plants in the
Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, contain-
ing thefe genera, viz. Leucoium, Galanthus, Nar-
eiffus, Paneratium, Amaryllis, Crinum, Haman-
thus.

SPATULATUM Folium [Spathula, an in-
ftrument ufed to fpread falve] cujus figura subro-
tunda, bafi anguftiore lineari clongata, roundith,
but lengthened by a narrower linear bafe : fha-
ped fomewhat like a battledoor.

SPECIES Plantarum, is the third fubdivifion
in the Linnean fyftem, and comprehends all
the different forms of plants which are fuppo-
fed to have been originally created. Thefe
plants, fays Linnzus, have, by the eftablifhed
laws of nature, continued to produce others like
themfelves ; therefore the Species plantarum
comprehends all the different invariable forms
of plants which are found at this day upon the
face of the earth.

SPICA L=raxus, olice irayvs, an ear of corn]
afpecies of inflorefcence, refembling an ear

of

~8-FP

af corn, asin the Lavendula Spica. Linneus
defines it thus, flores feffiles [parfim alterni in pe-
dunculo communi fimplici, alternate feffile flowers
on a fimple pedunculus.

Spica fecunda, when the flowers are all turned
one way. |

Spica difticha, when the flowers look both
ways.

Examples of the Spica may be feen in the
Phenix, Arum, Piper, Pothos, Acorus, &c. A
Spica may be funplex, compofita fpicillis, glomera-
ta, ovata, ventricofa, cylindracea, interrupta.

SPICATA. See Spica.

SPICILLA [dim. a Spica] a little Spica ;, the
minute fpicate flower of which the Spica compo-
fita is compofed.

SPICULA Graminibus [dim. 4 Spica] A par-
tial Spzca, otherwife called Locu/ta,

SPINE, thorns, rigid prickles ; a fpecies
of Arma, growing on various parts of certain
plants for their defence : Spine ramorum arcent
pecora. On the branches we find examples in
the Pyrus, Prunus, Citrus, Hippophaés, Gmeli-
na, Rhamnus, Lycium, &c. on the leaves, in the

Aloe, Agave, Yucca, Ilex, Hippomane, Theophra-
. Z Stas ;

5S P
fta, Carlina, &c. onthe Calyx, in the Carduus,
Cnicus, Centauria, Moluccella, Galeopfis, &c.
on the fruit, in the Trapa, Tribulus, Murex,
Spinacia, Agremonia, Datura, &c.

SPINESCENS Petiolus, Stipula [a Spina, a
thorn] terminating in a ftrong fharp point.

/
{

SPINOSUS Caulis, Folium [a Spina, a thorn]
covered with ftrong woody prickles, whofe
roots are not fuperficial, but proceeding from
the body of the ftem. When applied to a leaf,
Spinofum Folium, it indicates the margin run-
ning out into rigid points or prickles, guod mar-
gine exit in acumina duriora, rigida, pungentia.

SPIRALES Cotyledones [ /pira, a circle, the
coil of a cable, &c.] twifted fpirally ; a fpecies
of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Sa//ola,
Salicornia, Ceratocarpus, Bafella, and all the
Hioleracee.

SPITHAMA, a fpan. The fixth degree
in the Linnean fcale for meafuring the parts
of plants: the diftance between the extremity
of the thumb and that of the firft finger when
extended; or feven Parifian inches. See Men-
fura.

oe Po

SPI-

§Q

SPITHAMEUS Caulis [a fpithama, a {pan ]
See Spithama.

SPLENDENTIA Folia, fhining. Ludw.
See Nitidum.

SQUAMA, a fcale; one of the fquame

which form an Amentum.

SQUAMOSA Radix [from /quama, a {cale]
fealy : a fpecies of the bulbo/a, as for example,
the Lillam, which is compofed of {cales lying
aver each other.

Squamous Pedunculus, having a fcaly furface.

SQUARROSUM Falium, &c, [ioxecooe, fear-
ra, vel fquarra, fcurf] rough, fcaly, or fcur-
fy; applied, as one would imagine, to the fu-'
perficies of a leaf, and yet Linnzeus, in his De-
ineatio Plante, ranges it with the terms relative
to the finufes of leaves.

Squarrofum Perianthium, rough, fealy, as
in the Oxopordum acanthium.

STAMEN, flax, thread. The /famina are
thofe upright filaments which, on opening a
flower, we find within the Corolla furrounding
the Piftillum. According to Linneus, they
are the male organs of generation whofe office

is to prepare the Pollen. Each Stamen confifts
fa of .

ae

of two diftiné parts, viz. the Filamentum, and
the Anthera.

STAMINEUS Flos [Stamen] having no co-
rolla; Ray. Apetalus, of Linneus; Incomple-
tus, Imperfeétus, Capillaceus, of other botanifts.

STATUMINAT: [Statumen, a prop, a -
fupport] An order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linneus, containing the
following genera, viz. Ulmus, Celtis, Bofea.

STELLATA Folia [ ftella, a ftar] leaves
furrounding the ftem like the radii of a circle.
The fame as Verticillata.

Stellata Seta. "That fpecies of Pubes termed
Sete, is called Stellata when there is a little
ftar, compofed of fmaller hairs, affixed to the
apex of each briftle. ~

Stellate Plante, one of Ray’s claffes, of which
the plants are now ranged among the Tetrans
dria monogynia of Linneus.

Stellateg, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnseus, in which are thefe
genera, viz. Axthofpermum, Rubia, Aparine, Ga-
lium, Valantia, Spermacoce, Houftonia, Cornus,
Phyllis, &c. Diuretice funt. Lin,

STE;

sT
STERILIS Flos, barren, Tournef. Mofiue

dus of Linneus.

STIGMA [from 2720, fignum quod inuritur,
a brand] the apex or capital of the Pi/filium,
containing the Vifcus which receives the Pollen.
Linnzus compares this organ to the Vulva in
the female animals.

STIMULI § [syee,, Siigmulus, per fync.
Stimulus] ftings : a {pecies of Arma growing up-
on fome plants for their defence ; punétura ve-
nenata arcent animalia nuda, as in the Urtica,
Fatropha, Acalypha, Tragia. Linneus divides
the flimuli into pungentes and urentgs.

STIPATUS Pappus [Stipes] elevated on Sii-
pites.

STIPES [a svmo;, a ftump] that fpecies of
Truncus, which is the bafis of a Frons, and is pe-
culiar to the Palmes, Filices, and Fungi.

Stipes, the thread which elevates and con-
nects the pappus with the feed.

STIPULA [a /tipa, tow] ftubble. One of
the feven Fulcra of plants, according to Lin-
peus : /quama que bafi petiolorum aut pedunculs-

THIN

8 T

rum enafcextium utrinque adfiat; the {mall feale
or leaf which grows on each fide of the dajis of
a young pefiolus or pedunculus, 2s in papilio-
naceous flowers, Tamarindus, Coffia, Refe, Me-
lianthus, Liriodendrum, Armeniace, Perfica, Pa-
dus, &c. The Stipule are wanting in the 4-
fperifolie, Didynamia, Stellata, Siliquoja, Liliaceae,
Orchidee, and in moft of the Compofite. Stipu-
le ave either gemine, folitaria, decidua, perfiften-
tes. adnate, foluta, intrafoliacee, or extrafoli-

acee.

STIPULARIS Gemma [Stitula] formed from
a Stipula.

Stipulares Glandule, glands produced from
Stipule, asin the Bauhinia, Armemaca, &c. .

\

' STIPULATIO [A Stipula] off fipularum fitus
& ftrudiura ad bafin foliorum, the ftruéture and
fituation of the Stipula.

STIPULATUS Caulis [a Stipula] applied to —
the fuperficies of a ftem, when the outer coat
is ftronger, and more brittle, than a mem-
brane; rather refembling ftraw. Cppofed to
Membranatus. Or poflibly, Linnzus may in-
tend that it fhould fignify, bearing Stipul.

STO-

as
STOLO, a fucker or fhoot, as in the Viola

edorata, & Ranunculus repens.

STOLONIFERUS Truncus, Caulis [a Sto-

lo, a fhoot, or fcion] having fcions or fuckers.

SFRIATUS Caziis, Culmus, Folia { Stria, a
flight groove] fuperficially channelled, or flu-
ted, longitudinally, with parallel lines.

STRICTUS Cauls, Culmus, Folia [from
firings, to tie faft] erechiffimus, perfely firaight,
fil, as the leaves in the Cammpanula paula; op-
pofed to laxus, flaccidus.

STRIG [a Strigo, pro frringo, to grafp,
to tighten] ridges, rows, ranks: fach is
the meaning of Strige in its claffical accepta-
tion. Strigz, fays Linnzus, arcent fetis rigidis
animalcula & linguas, i. e. by their prickles are a
defence againft animals and animalcula. What
fete rigidz have to do with Strigz, is difficult to
conceive, unlefs he chufes to call them Strigz,
from their ftanding in rows. Now, in the
Delineatio Plante, he has ranged Strige with
the fofter kinds of pubes, fuch as pili, lana, to-
me.tum.

STRIGOSUM Folium [a firigando, ttanding
| fill,

SU

ftill, gquippe bos pre macie| lank, lean, or per-
haps, drawn up as if hide-bound: at leaft, [
know of no other meaning to this word that
can poffibly be applied to a leaf, unlefs we de-
rive it from ffriga, a ridge, but then it will be
difficult to make /irigofum of it.

STROBILUS, a pine-apple ; a Pericarpium
formed from an Amentum. Linnzeus’s term for
the Conus of other botanitts.

STYLUS [from ¢vd0es, columna, a pillar]
that.part of the Pi/fillum which elevates the St:-
gma from the Germen. Linnzus, in his fyftem
of the generation of plants, affimulates this or-
gan to the Vagina or Tube Fallopiane in the
females of the animal creation.

SUB, incompofition, for fere, almoft; ¢. g.
fubcordatum, fubovatum, nearly cordatum, nearly o-
vatum, &c. ; but when compounded with a term
of number, it fignifies mo/? commonly, as appli-
ed to the Narctffus poeticus, Spatha fubuniflora.

SUBDIVISUS Cauiis, a fpecies of the Caulis -
compofitus in which the branches are irregularly —
fubdivided, fubdivifus in ramos abfque ordine.

SUBEROSUS Caulis, folia [ fub, & erodor,

te

SU

to be eaten into] as if a little eaten, or gnaw-
ed, When applied to a leaf, it refpeéts the
margin only, margine fuberofa, lf I had not
found this term applied to leaves, I fhould
have been apt to derive it from Suber, a cork,
and explained it accordingly.

SUBEXCEDENS Calyx [ fub, & excedo, to
furpafs] exceeding a little the Corolla in length,
asin the Adilium. .

SUBMERSUM Folium [ fubmergo, to fink
under water] applied to aquatic plants: funk
below the furface of the water, as in the Ra-
nunculus aquatilis: fynon. with Demerfum.

SUBRAMOSUS Caulis [fub, & Ramus, a
branch] having few branches,

SUBROTUNDUM Filium [ fub, near to, &
rotundum, round] nearly circular, in circum-

{cription.

SUBULATUM Folium [Subula; an awl]
awl-fhaped, ¢ff inferius lineare, at verfus apicem
Jenfim adtenuatur ; linear below, but gradually
tapering towards the apex, and ending in a
' point. This term is alfo frequently applied to
the Stamina of flowers, and is one of the claf-

Aa fical

SU
fical charaéteriftics of the Didynamia, filamenta

fubulata, The Arenaria faxatilis, and Sedum ru-
pefire, thew examples of the Folium Jubulatum.

%

SUCCULENT [Succus, juice] An order
of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of
Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Cactus,
Mefembryanthemum, Tetragonia, Aizoon, Sempervi-
vum, Sedum, Geranium, Linum, Oxalis, Saxifraga,
Fagonia, &c.

Succulentum Folium, fucculent, regards the
fubftance, oppofed to ex/uccum.

a

SUFFRUTEX [ /ub, & Frutex, a fhrub] An
under-fhrub : according to Tournefort, a plant
which is perennial, ligneous, not gemmiparous,
and in ftature lefs than a Frutex, exemplified
in the Lavendula, Thymus, & Salvia.

_ SUFFRUTICOSUS Caulis [ fub, 8 Frutexs
a fhrub]. See Suffrutex.

SULCATUS Caulis, Culmus, Folia [Sulcus,
a furrow] deeply channelled or furrowed lon-
gitudinally.

SUPERFICIES Folii [ex fuper, i.e. fupras
& facies, a face] furface ; difcum folti fupinum
vel pronum tegit, covers both the fuperior and

inferior

SU

inferior difk. A leaf, with regard to its fuper-
ficies, is vifcidum, tomentofum, fcabrum, glabrum,
Siriatum, &c.

SUPERFLUA Poljoamia, fuperfluous. The
fecond order in the clafs Syngenefia of Linneus,
comprehending thofe plants in the compofition
of whofe flowers fome of the. flofculi are herma-
‘phrodite, and others female ; in which cafe, the
fructification being perfect in the hermaphro-¢
dites, the females are fuperfluous.

SUPERUS Flos [fuper, above] when the
receptaculum of the flower ftands above the Ger-
men or fruit; oppofed to Jnferus.

SUPINUM difcum folit, lying with the face
upwards ; the fuperior difk or belly of a leaf.

SUPRA-AXILLARIS Pedunculus [fupra, a-
bove, & axilla, the arm-pit] whofe infertion
is immediately above the axilla, formed by a
branch, or leaf, as in the A/perifolia, Potentilla

monfpelienfis.

SUPRADECOMPOSITA Folia, are thofe
Folia Compofita which confift of foliola growing
on a fubdivided petiolus ; cum petiolus aliquoties di-
vifus adnectit plurima folicla: they are of three

Aaz2 kinds,

SY

kinds, viz. tergemina, triternata, tripinnata. The
Pimpinella glauca affords an example of the fu-
pra-decompofite leaf ; alfo the Ranunculus ru-

tefol.
SUPRAFOLIACEUS Pedunculus [ fupra, a=

bove, & folium, a leaf | inferted into the caulis
above the petiolus, juft over the leaf.

e SURCULUS, a fcion or twig, exemplified
in the Fungermannia complanata, dilatata, &c. It
feems to be the fame with Stel, which fee.

SYNGENESIA [vy cum, or fimul, toge-
ther, & Véve1, generatio] the nineteenth clafs in
the fexual fyftem of Linnzus ; it comprehends
the flofculofe, or compofite flowers, which are
the Compo/iti of Tournefort, Rivinus, and Ray,
It is a natural clafs, if we except the laft order.
The claffical charatteriftics of the flofculofe
flower are as follows: CaLyx, a common
Perianthium, containing the Receptaculum and
the Flofcul ; it contracts when the florefcence
is paft, but expands and turns back when the
feeds are mature: it is either /implex, imbricatus,
or quétus. RECEPTACULUM, common tothe
fructification, receives many feffile flofculi_on
its difcus, which is either concave, plane, con-
“yex, pyramidal, or globofe, and its furface ci-

ther

5S Y

ther naked, villofe, or paleaceous.—The claf-
fical character of the Flo/culi is, Cauyx, afmall
Perianthium, frequently quinquedentate, per-
fitting, fixed on the apex of the Germen, and
becoming the Corona of the feed. Coroiua,
monopetalous, with a very narrow, long tube,
fixed on the Germen; it is cither tubulate, with
the limb campanulate and quinguefid, and the
Lacinie {preading and’ reflexed ; or ligulate,
with the limb linear, plane, turned outwards,
the apex entire, tridentate, or quinquedentate,
truncated ; or wanting, having no limb, and
frequently notube. Stamina, Filamenta five,
capillary, yery fhort, inferted in the neck of
the corollule ; Anthere five, linear, erect, form-
ing by their union a tubulated cylinder, quin-
quedentate, of the fame length of the limb,
PisTILLUM, Germen oblong, under the Rece-
ptaculum of the flower’; Stylus filiform, ercé,
of the length of the Stamina perforating the
Cylinder of the Anthere; Stigma bipartite, the
lacinie revolute, fpreading. PERICARPIUM,
no real one, yet in fome inftances a coriaceous
cruft. SEED, one, oblong, often tetragonous,
frequently narrower at the bafe ; if, inftead of
a Perianthium, it be crowned with a Pappus, it
will be found to confift of many radi in a cir-
cle, which are either fimple, radiate, or ra-
mofe : this Pappus is either feilile or fixed ypon

a

Dex

a flipes. The effential charatteriftie of a flofcu-
lofe tlower, is the 4nthere being united jn a cy-
linder, and a fingle feed below the Receptaculum
of the jio/culi, ‘The orders are five, viz. Po-
LYGAMIA AiquaLts, including thofe plants
which have compound flowers, the frofeuli being
all hermaphrodite. It contains 37 genera, viz.
Tragopogon, Scorzonera, Picris, Sonchus, Laétuca,
Chondrilla, Prenanthes, Leontedon, Hieracium,
Crepis, Andryala, Hyoferis, Hypocheris, L p-
fana, Catananche, Cichorium, Scolymus, Elephanto-
pus, Echinops, Arétium, Serratula, Carduus, Cni-
cits, Onoporduim, Cynara, Carlina, Atraétylis, Car-
thamus, Stoabe, Bidens, Cacalia, Eupatorium, Age-
ratum, Stahilina, Chryfocoma, Tarchonanthus,
Santolina. PoLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA, inclu-
ding thofe plants which have the Flo/culi of their
difk hermaphrodite, and thofe of the Radius
female : it contains 31 genera, viz. Tanacetum,
Zrtemifia, Gnaphalium, Xeranthemum, Carpefium,
Baccharis, Conyza, Erigeron, Tuffilago, Senecio,
After, Solidago, Inula, Arnica, Doronicum, Hele-
nium, Bellis, Tagetes, Zinnia, Peétis, Chryfanthe-
mum, Matricaria, Cotula, Anacyclus, Anthemis, A-
chillea, Tridax, Amellus, Sigebeckia, Verbefina,
Letragonotheca, Buphthalmum. PoLyGamtra
FrUsTRANEA, comprehending thofe plants
which have the Flo/cwli of their dif hermapro-
dite, and thofe of the radius neuter : this order

contains

TE

contains 6 genera, which are all radiate, wiz.
Helianthus, Rudbeckia, Coreopfis, Gorteria, Gen-
taurea, Gundelia. PoLyGamMtiA NECESSARIA;
including thofe plants which have the Flofcul
of their difk male, and thofe of the radius fe-
male : this order contains 13 genera, viz. Sil-
phium, Chryfogonum, Melampodium, Calendula, Ar-
Etotis, Ofteofpermum, Othonna, Polymnia, Ertoce-
phalus, Filago, Micropus, Spheranthus, Mailleria.
Monocamra, including thofe plants which
have fimple flowers : it contains 6 genera, viz.
Seriphium, Corymbium, Fafione, Lobelia, Vicla,
Impatiens. Syngenefia compofitorum in medi-
cina receptiflima, communiter amara eft. Lin.

Bs Oy

TEGMENTUM, a cover. The tegu-
ments of a flower are the Perianthium & Co-
rolla.

TERES Caulis, Folium, cylindrical: whew
applied to leaves, it muft be underftood partial-
ly of fuch as by their internal pulp are render-
ed in part cylindrical, quod maxima ex parte cy-
lindricum eft, asin the Allium vineale, & olera-
ceum.

TER-

TY £
TERGEMINUM Folium compofitum [ter,

thrice, & geminus, double] a fpecies of what
Linneus calls /upra-decompofita; three times
double, 7.e. when a dichotomous petiolus is fub-
divided, having two foliala on the extremity of
each fubdivifion.

TERMINALIS Fhs ; terminating.a branch
or ftem, as in the Mentha piperita.

TERNA Folia ; three and three: applied ta
the folia verticillata, expreffing the number of
leaves of which each vertictllum confitts.

Terni pedunculi, three proceeding from the
fame axilla, as in the Impatiens zeyl.

TERNATUM Folium [ternus, three] appli-
ed to a folium digitatum or pinnatum, indicating
its number of foliola, as in the Rubus cafius, fru-
ticofus, faxatils.

TESTICULATA Radix. See Duplicata.

TESSELLATUM Folium [Tefflla, the
fquare pieces of wood or ftone ufed in making
checkered work] regards only folia colrata;
checkered.

TETRADYNAMIA [Tscowmess, quatuor, &

Duvepess,

TE

As*ape, potentia, power] the fifteenth clafs in
the Linnean fyftem; it comprehends all the
plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers with
four long and two fhort lamina ; befides which
ithas the following claffical characteriftcs, viz.
Catyx, Perianthium tetraphyllous, oblong,
the foliola of which are ovato-oblong, concave,
obtufe, connivent, gibbous at the da/is, the oppo-
fite ones equal and deciduous ; Corotva, cru-
ciform, four equal Petala; Ungues plano. fubula-
tz, erect, Limbi flat, and enlarging outwards,
obtufe, and hardly touching each ether; the
Petala inferted in the fame circle with the Sta-
mina. STAMINA fix, erect; two oppolite to
each other, about the height of the Calyx ; four
fomewhat longer, but not fo long at the Coro/-
‘la; Anthere fomewhat oblong, acurninate, fwel-
ling at their da/is, erect, with their apices incli-
ning outwards. Clofe to the ba/is of the two
fhorter Stamina there is a netariférous gland,
which differs in its appearance in the different
genera ; to avoid comprefling this gland, thefe
two filaments make a curve, which renders
them fhorter than the other four. Pistintum,
the Germen above the Receptaculum growing dai-
ly longer ; Stylus, the length of the longer /fa-
mina, or entirely wanting ; Stigma obtufe. Ps-
RIcaRPIUM, Siliqua, bivalvate ; frequently bi-
Jocular, opening from. the bafs to the apex;

Bb Differimentum

TE

Diffepimentum prominent at the apex beyond the
Valve, the prominent part having before ferved
as a Stylus. SEMINA, roundifh, nodding, al-
ternately and longitudinally funk in the Di/-
fepimenium ; Receptaculum linear, furrounding
the Difepimentum, and lodged in the futures of
the Pericarpium. ‘This is really a natural clafs,
and has been univerfally confidered as fuch by
fyftematic botanifts. It is the Cruciformes of
Tournefort, and the Svliculofe & Siliquofe ot
Ray. The plants of this clafs are univerfally
efteemed antifcorbutic, The effential generi-
cal charaéteriftic is commonly to be found in
the fituation of the nectariferous gland. The
orders are two, wiz. SILICULOS#, contaimng
thirteen genera, viz. Myagrum, Vella, Anaftatica,
Subularia, Draba, Lepidium, Thlafpi, Cochlearia,
Lberis, Alyffum, Clypecla, Bifcutella, Lunaria; Ss-
LIquos®, containing 15 genera, viz. Dentaria,
Eardamine, Sifymbrium, Eryfimum, Cheiranthus,
Hefperis, Arabis, Turritis, Braffica, Sinapis, Ra-

phanus, Bunias, Ifatis, Crambe, Cleome.

TETRAGONUS Caulis; four-cornereds -

See Trigonus.
Tetragona Siliqua, as in the Sinapis nigra.

TETRAGYNIA [+rtcoages, quatuor, & Tum,
mulier, 2 woman] one of the orders in the 4th,
sth,

Tei

sth, 6th, 8th, and 13th claffes in the Linnzan
fyfiem ; it diftinguifhes the plants, in thofe
elaffes, which in their fruétification difcover
four Piftilla, thefe being confidered as the fe-
male organs of generation.

TETRANDRIA [from Tiscages, gquatuor,

four, & Ame, maritus, a hufband] Linneus’s
fourth clafs, comprehending hermaphrodite
flowers, with four fiamina of equal lengths.
‘The orders of this clafs are three, wiz. Mo-
NOGYNIA, containing 56 genera, viz. Leucoden-
dron, Protea, Cephalanthus, Globularia, Dipfacus,
Scabiofa, Knautia, Ailionia, Hedyotis, Spermacoce,
Sherardea, Afperula, Disdia, Knoxia, Houftonia,
Galium, Crucianella, Rubia, Puchfia, Siphonanthus,
Catefbeea, Ixora, Pavetta, Petefia, Mitchella, Cal-
licarpa, Aquartia, Polypremum, Penea, Bleria,
Buddleja, Exacum, Plantago, Scoparia, Rhacoma,
Centunculus, Sanguiforba, Ciffus, Epimedium, Cor-
nus, Fagara, Tomex, Ptelea, Ludvigia, Oldénlandia,
Ammannia, Ynardia, Trapa, Dorfenia, Eleagnus,
Brabejum, Krameria, Rivina, Salvadora, Cam-
-phorofma, Alchemilla ; Dicynta, containing 6
genera, Viz. Aphanes, Crucitg, Bufenia, Hamame-
kis, Cufcuta, Hypecoum ; T&TRAGYNIA, contain-
ing 6 genera, viz. Ilex, Coldenia, Potamogeton,
Ruppia, Sagina, Tillea.

Bb 2 TE-

Se |
TETRANGLZ [ Terrcges, four, & Ayy@,

vas, a veflel, or loculamentum] The eighteenth
clafs in Boerhaave’s fyftem, containing only
Ruta, Peganum, & Stramonicum.

TETRAPETALA Corolla [Tecouees, quatuor,
& Metarov, petalum] confifting of four esc as
in the clafs Tetradynamia.

TETRAPHYLLUS Calys [Tecoupes, & Dva-
205 folium, a leaf] confifting of four leaves, as
in Sagina, Epimedium, and i in the clafs Tetrady-

namia,

TETRASPERMA Planta [Teocuges, & fper-
ma, feed] producing four feeds, as the Afperi-
jolia, & Ver ticillate,

THALAMUS [©zdaz@, a bed, achamber]
the Receptaculum, fo called by Vaillant, Lud-
wig, &c.

THECA, a bag or fheath, the fame as Vef-
cula, in Linnzus ; exemplified i in the Funger-
mannia furcata, Dellen.

THYRSATIM. Towered, in a fort of
{pike like a pine cone. Hill, See Thyrfus,

het"

r

TO
TOMENTOSUS Caulis, Folia [Tomentum,

fhort wool, fhorn off ] villis intertextis, vix con=
JSpicuis tegitur, ergo fepius albidum, uti plante ma=
rine F campefires ventis expofite, covered with a
whitifh down, whofe hairs are interwoven,
and hardly diftinguifhable ; exemplified in the
Ceraftium tomentofum, and in the leaves of the
Origanum onites, & Althea officinalis.

TOMENTUM [Toor, fruftum, a frag-
ment, feu quod fectione eft ablatum] fhort wool,
flocks: a {pecies of pubefcence, which covers
the furface of many plants, defending them, in
fome degree, from the violence of the wind ;
gaudet fepius colore i incano, as in the Tomax, pve
dicago, Halimus.

TOROSUM Pericarpium [a Torus, a protu-
berance or {welling, as of the veins] bunched
_ out in knobs by the inclofed feed,

TORTA Corolla [torqueo, to writhe, torture |

ewifted, as in the Neriua, Afelepias, Vinca. See
Contorti.

TORTILIS Arifia, [8 torguco, to writhe,
or twift] twifted.

TO-

TR

TORULOSA Siligua [a torulus, dim. a torus]
See Torofum,

TRANSVERSUM Diffepimentum, at right
angles with the fides of the Pericarpium, oppo-
fed to parallelum,

TRAPEZIFORMIUM Folium [Trapezium,
a geometrical quadrangle, whofe fides are nei-
ther equal nor oppofite] a leaf in the form of a
trapezium.

TRIANDRIA [Tecis, tres, three, & Avie, ma- -
vitus, a hufband] Linnzus’s third clafs, confift-
ing of thofe plants which produce hermaphro-
dite flowers, with three Stamina. The orders
are three, viz. Monocynia, of which there
are 27 genera, viz. Valeriana, Olax, Tamarindus, 3
Rumphia, Cneorum, Camocladia, Melothria, Orte-
gia, Laeflingta, Polycnemum, Hippocratea, Cro-
cus, Ixia, Gladiolus, Antholyza, Iris, Morea, Wa-
chendorfia, Commelina, Califia, Xyris, Schoenus, Cy-
perus, Scirpus, Eriophorum, Lygeum, Nardus ; D1-
GYNIA, containing 29 genera, viz. Bobartia,
Cornucopia, Saccharum, Phalaris, Pafpalum, Pani-
cum, Phleum, Alopecurus, Milium, Agroftis, Aira,
Melica, Poa, Briza, Uniola, Dattylis, Cynofurus, —
Feftuca, Bromus, Stipa, Avena, Lagurus, Arundo,
Ariftida, Lolium, Elymus, Secale, Hordeum, Tri-

ticum 3;

TR
ticum; TRIGYNtIA, comprehending 10 genera,
viz. Eriocaulon;‘Montia, Proferpinaca, Triplaris,
Holofteum, Polycarpon, Mailugo, Minuartia, Ques
ria, Lechea.

TRIANGI [Tess, three, & Ay[@, vas, a
veffel] the feventeenth clafs in Boerhaave’s fy-
ftem, founded on the number of /oculamenta
in the pericarpium.

TRIANGULARE Folium ; a triangular
leaf, cum tres anguli prominentes ambiunt difcum.
Triangulare is wfed to exprefs the figure of a
leaf confidered in one plane, and is therefore
different in its fignification from Triqueter, or
Trigonus, which fee.

TRICOCCA Capfula [Kexx@-, granum, 2
grain] ¢rilocularis with a fingle feed in each lo-
culamentum.

Tricocca, an order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linnzeus, in which are thefe
genera, viz. Kambogia, Euphorbia, Dalechampia,
Clutia, Andrachne, Phyllantus, Ofyris, Croton, Tra-
fia, &e.

TRICUSPIDATA Stamina, three-pointed,
- asin the Allium ampeloprafum, arenarium, ‘dial
cephalon. See Cu/pidatum

TRI-

vR
TRIFIDUM Folium [in -tres partes fife)
thrice divided by linear finufes, having ftraight
margins, exemplified in the Refida lutea. See

Fiffus.

TRIFLORUS Pedunculus [tres, 8 jis, a
flower] bearing three flowers : producing three
fructifications on each Pedunculus,

TRIGONUS Caulis [res ter, & yor, an-
gulus, an angle] Linnus; in the Phil, Botan.
explains this term, according to its derivation,
as fignifying the number of angles ; but in his
Delineatio Planta, a later work, ina fabdivifion,
under figura, he ufes angulatus to exprefs the
angles, and in the next fubdivifion he has 3-
queter, & 3-gonus: now 3-gucter he explains to
mean, three plain fides ; therefore trigonus muft
fignify a triangular figure whofe fides are either
concave or convex.

TRIGYNIA [ Tests, tres, three, & Tov", mu-
lier, a weman] the third order in the firft thir-
teen claffes, except the firft, the fourth, and:
the feventh, in the Linnzan fyftem : it includes
thofe plants which in their fruétification dif-
cover thre eSiy/i, which are confidered, in the
fexual fvftem, as the female organs of gene-
ration,

TRIE

aE
TRIHILAT & [ Hilum, which fee] an or-

der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naiuralis
of Linnzus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Car-
diofpermum, Paullivia, Sapindus, Staphylea, Bani-
freria, Berberts, Bc.

TRIJUGUM Folium [tres, & juga, to yoke]
a pinnate leaf, of three pair of folzola.

TRILOBUM Folium [tres, three, & Ao@e-,
the tip of the ear] confifting of three lobes, as
in the Leonurus cardiaca. See Lobatum.

TRINERVIUM Folum [ires, three, & ner-
wus, anerve or ftring] having three apparent
veflels running from the Ja/is to the apex with-
out branching or anaftomofing. This term
muft not be confounded with Triplinervium,
which fee.

TRIOECIA [vesis, tres, three, & O@, do-
mus, a houfe] the thisd order in the clafs Po-
lygamia of Linneus. There is but one ge us
of the order, viz. the Ficus, in which there
are male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers
produced feparately on different plants.

~-TRIPARTITUM Folium [tres, & partitus, di-
vided] confifting of three divifions, /que ad bajin,

down to the bafe, as in the Eryngium campefire.
Cc TRI-

ze E

TRIPETALA Corolla [reus, tres, & Teradoy,
petalun] confitting of three petala, as in the A-
hijma, & Sagittaria.

TRIPETALOIDEZ [tres, & Petalum] An
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi natura-
is of Linnzus, containing the following genera,
viz. Putomus, Alifma, Sagittaria.

TRIPHYLLUS Calyx [ress, & Pvaroy, fel-
um, a leat] confifting of three leaves, as in
Tradefcantia.

TRIPINNATUM §$ Folium compofitum [tres,
three, & pinnatus, winged] triplicato-pinnatum ;
when a petiolus is firft pinnated by {maller pe-
tiolr, and thofe by ftill fmaller, which are them-
iclves pinnated with foliola; cum petiolus adfigit
plura foliola bipinnata : a {pecies of the /upra-de-

compofita, according to Linnzus.

TRIPLINERVIUM Folium [triplex, triple,
& nervus, a nerve or fering] whofe apparent
veflels are threefold, that is, running by three’s
from the dafis to the apex, without branching
or anaftomofing: different in its fignification
from Trinervium, which fee.

TRIQUETRUM Folium, Caulis (qu. trigua-
drus, 1, €. quadratus in tres angulos| having three

plain fides, cujus tria latera longitudinalia plana

fut,

BR

funt. This term, when applied to leaves, re-
gards their fubftance, as Triangulare, their fi-
gure confidered in one plane. Examples of
the Caulis trigueter, may be feen in the Viola
tricolor.

Triqueter culmus, exemplified in the Carex

cefpitofa.

TRISPERMA [tres, & /perma, feed] produ-
cing three feeds, as Euphartia.

TRITERNATUM Folium ccmpofitum [itres,
three, & ternus, threefold] triplicato-ternatum ;
when the divifions of a tiiple peticlus are fubdi-
vided into three’s, each fubdivifion having
three folicla on its extremity, cuz petiolus adfigit
triq folisla biternata. "I his Linnzns calls a fpe-
cies of the /upra-decompo/ita.

TRIVALVE ‘Pericarpium [tres, & valve,
doors or valves] confifting of three valves, as
in the Viola, Polemonium, Helianthemum,

TRUNCATUM Folium [Truncus, a ftump]
having its apex truncated, or cut off, gued linea
tranfver [ali definit.

TRUNCUS, in general, the body, flem, or
fiock of a tree or plant; defined by Linnzus
Cc2 to

TU

to be that which produces the leaves and frudti-
fication ; its {pecies, according to his Phil. Bo-
tan. are fend, viz. Caulis, Culmus, Scapus, Pe-
dunculus, Petiolus, Frons, Stipes but, in his De-
lineatio plant, the three firft and the laft only
are retained, the 4th, sth, and 6th being re-
jected. Former botanifts applied the word
Truncus, to trees only,

TUBERCULATUS [a Tuberculum, a little

he or tubercle] having tubercles, as in the

Lichen feriptus, &c.

TUBERCULUM, a little pimple, exempli-

fied in the Lichen calcareus,

TUBEROSA Radix [a Tuber, aknob] a
knobbed root ; 7. ¢. confifting of fubrotund
bodies collected into a bundle, asin Paonia,
Hemerocallis, Solanum, &c. The Tuberofa are
of three kinds, viz. palmata, fafciculata, & pen-
dula. .

TUBULATUM Perianthium ; tubular, as
in the clafs Didyramia of Linnzus; oppofed to
patens, reflexum, inflatum,

Lubulata Corolla, as in the clafs Didynamia of
Linneus, ee

TU-

PU

TUBULOSI Flofeuli [a Tuba, a tube] when
they are tubular and nearly equal: Flofculi of
this ftru@ture form one of the three divifions
of the compound flowers ; they conititute the
Flofculofi of Tournefort,

Tubulofum Perianthium, tubular, oppofed to
patens.

Tubulsfum Folium, when, being cut tranfverfe-
ly, it'appears hollow within.

TUBUS, atube; the inferior narrow part
of a monopetalous Corolla,

THYRSUS, a fpear wrapt about with ivy
which the ancients carried in their hands at the
feafts of Bacchus. Linnzus makes it a fpecies
of inflorefcence, which may be either mudus or
foliatus. Inthe Phil. Botan. he defines it to be
a panicula coaréata in formam ovatam, inftanced
in the Syringa & Petafites.

TUNICATUS Caulis,.. Radix [Tunica, a
coat] wrapt in, or confifting of many coats.
When applied to a root, it indicates a {pecies of
the Bulbofa, confifting of concentric layers as
in the Cepa, for inftance, oppofed to Squams/a,
Solida. | )

TURBINATUM Pericarpinm [turbo, a top]
ad broad

VA

broad at the apex, and narrow at the bafis, as
the Pyrus.

Turbinatum Perianthium, as in the Griflea,
Memecylon.

TURGIDUM Legumen, fwollen, as in the

Ononis.

TURIO [a TZyro, a novice] the Gemma fo
called, by Ludwig, when proceeding from the
root.

fe

VAG [vagor, to wander] the laft order of
plants in the Fragmenta method: naturalis of Lin-
nexus, confifting of thofe genera, which he
could not with propriety range in any of the
other natural orders, viz. Pinguicola, Collinfo-
nia, Buffonia, Hirtella, Montia, &c..

VAGINALES [Vagina, a fheath] an order
of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of
Linnzeus, containing the following genera, viz.
Laurus, Helxine, Polygonum, Biftorta, Perfwaria,
Atraphaxis, Rheum, Rumex.

VAGINANS Folium (Vagina, a fheath] the
bafis

VA

bafis of the leaf infolding the ftem, as in a
theath.

VAGINATUS Coulis, Culnus (Vagina, a
fheath] when they are fheathed by the ba/is of
their leaves, as in the Polygonum amphibium, and
all the Gramina.

VALVULA, a valve ; the pieces of the ex-
ternal fubftance which, in that fpecies of peri-
carpium termed Capfula, inclofes the feed or
fruit ; partes quo fructus tegitur externe.

VARIETAS, variety; the fourth fubdivi-
fion in the Linnzan fyftem; it comprehends
the various appearances,ebfervable in plants
produced from the fame kind of feed. The
caufes of this variety are the differences of cli-
mate, fituation, or foil; and the mode of their
appearance is either in magnitude, plenitude,
fhape, colour, tafte, or {mell.

VASA [4 vefcendo, to be eaten, gusd in ea
weflce ponantur] vellels, Vegetables are compo-
fed of at leaft three fpecies of veflels, viz. Va-
fa fuccofa, which convey their juices ;. Utricul!,
which preferve them ; and Trachec, which at-
_ tra& the air, like the lungs of animals.

WEE

VE
VEGETABILIA [4 vegeto, to quicken] one

of the three kingdoms of nature according to
[.innzus, comprehending feven diftinét fami-
lies, viz. Plante, Palme, Gramina; Filices, Mu-

fei, Algae, Fungi.

VENOSUM Folium.[Vena, a vein] cum vafa
difeurrentia evadunt ramofiffima, & anaftomofes nu-
do oculo exhibent, whofe veins branch and anafto-
mofe over the whole leaf, as in the Viburnum

lantana.

ENTRICOSA Spica [venter, the belly] big-
ellied ; narrowing towards each extremity.
Ventricofum Perianthium, as in the E/culus.
Ventricofa Corolla, as inthe Digitalis.

VENTRICULOSUS Calyx [dim. a venter,
the belly] bellying out in the middle, but not
in fo great degree as Ventricofus ; exemplified
in the Salicornia.

VEPRECUL& [dim. a Vepres, a brier or
bramble] An order of plants in the Fragmenta
methodi naturalis of Linneus, in which are thefe
genera, viz. Rhamnus, Sideroxylum, Chryfophyllum,
Lycium, Ceanothus, Philyca; Ceftrum, Cate- —
fowa, &c.

VER-

Meds
VERRUCOSA Capfula [Verruca, a wart]

producing, on its furface, little knobs or warts,
as in the Euphorbia verrucofa.

VERSATILIS Authera [verto, to tura] when
the Anthera is fixed horizontally, on the point
of the filamentum, and confequently is fo poized,
as to turn on it, like the needle of a compafs,
as in the Vitex, Linnea, Geranium, &c.

VERTICALIA Folia [vertex, the top of a-
ny thing] leaves fo fituated that their def; is
perpendicularly above their apex : applied only
to aquatic plants.

Verticales. flores, when the difk of the flower
is turned as it were upfide down, facing the
earth ; oppofed to horixontales.

VERTICILLATI, Rami, Flores, Folia [a
Verticillum, an axis or {pindle] branches, fiowers,
or leaves, furrounding the ftem like the radi
of a wheel, caulem annulatim ambientibus. The
fame as Stellatz.

Verticillate, an order of plants in the Frag-
menta methodi naturalis of Linnzeus, containing
thefe genera, viz. Ajuga, Teucrium, Trichaflema,
Thymus, Satureja, &c. Verticillate funt fra-
grantes, nervinz, refolventes, & pellentes + folia
virtu‘e pollent. Lin. The Verticillate are of

Dd the

Vi

the clafs and order, in the fexual fyftem, Di-
dynamia Gymnofpermia,

Verticillata radix, a {pecies of the fibrous root
exemplified in the aquatic and fenny plants.
Ludwig.

VERTICILLUS [vertex, a whirlpool] a lit-
tle whirl, axis, or fpindle ; a fpecies of inflo-
refcencé in which the flowers grow in whirls, as
in the Marrubium. A Ferticillus may be either
felfilis, pedunculatus, nudus, involucratus, bracieatus,
confertus, or diflans.

VESICULA, a little bladder. The Pericar-
pium of the Fucus.

VESICULARIS Scabrities [vefica, a bladder]
a fpecies of glandular Scabrities, roughnefs,
{carce vifible to the naked eye, refembling ve/-
cule, on the furface of fome plants, as in the
MVejembryanthemum, Aizoon, Tetragonia, &c.

VEXILLUM, a ftandard ; the upright pe-

talum of a papilionaceous corolla.

VILLOSUS Caulis, Folium {a Villus, wool}
pilis mollibus pubefcens ; covered with diftingét but
foft hairs; woolly, as in the Ulex europaeus.

VIR-

UM
VIRGATUS Caulis [virga, a rod] fhooting

forth ftraight flender branches, or rods, as in

the drtemifia campefiris.

VISCIDUM Folium [vifcus, glue] when the
furface of the leaf is clammy, quod humore non
fiuido fed tenaci oblinitum, as in the Senecio vifco/us.

ViISCOSITAS [wifcus, glue] expreffes that
clamminefs which covers the furface of fome
plants: it is ranged by Linnxeus among the

Pubes.

ULIGINOSA Loca [Uligo, the natural-moi-
fture of the earth] bogs ; sca /pongisfo, aqua
putrida laborantia, colonis invifa, nec fegetis, nec foe
ai proventui apta.

UMBELLA [dim. ab wmbra, a fhadow] an
umbel, or umbrella ; a receptaculum producing
many equal pedunculi from one centre, as in the
Eryngium, Angelica, Cicuta, Pimpinella, &c. An
Umbella is either fimplex, compofita, univerfals, or
partialls.

UMBELLATUS hs, properly fo called,
hath acommon receptaculum, divided into pedui-
euli proceeding from the fame point, a germen un-
der the corallula, five diftinét deciduous Stamina,

Ddz a

UN

a bifid pi/fillum, and two feeds united at their
Fatintita They are of the clafs and order
Pentandria Digynia.

Umbellate, a numerous order of plants in the
Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, a-
mongft which are the following genera, viz. E-
ryngium, Aréiopus, Daucus, Angelica, Pimpinella,
&c. In ficcis aromaticx, calefacientes, & pellen-
tes ; in aquofis autem venenate funt: radice
& feminibus pollent. Lin, ‘The Umbellate
conftitute the feventh clafs in Tournefort.

UMBELLULA [dim. ab Umbella] the Um-
bella partialis which diverges from the apex of
ach pedunculus of an Umbella compofita.

UMBILICATUM Folium [ab umbilicus, a na-
vel] See Peltatum.

Uimbilicatus flos, fafhioned like a mavens as in
the Lichen miniatus, &c. | ~ :

UMBO: Morifon. See Difcus.

UNANGULATUS Caulis [Unus, & angulus}
forming one angle, as in the Iris factidiffima.

UNCINATUM Sigma [Uncinus, an inftru-
ment hooked at the end] hooked, a§ in the
Viola lantana.

Uncinata Arifta, as in the Geum urbanum.

UN-

UN

UNCTUOSUM Folium, clammy. Ludw.
See Vifcidum,

UNDATUM Folium [unda, a wave] or Un-
dulatum, whofe furface rifes and falls in waves
towards the margin, cum difcus folti verfus mar-

_ ginem convexe adfcendit & defcendit, as in the Al-
chemilla, Potamogeton crifpum.

_ UNDULATA Carella [Undula, dim. ab unda,
a wave] waved, as in the Gloriofa.

Undulatum Folium, as in the Oenothera mulli if
fim. Synon. with Undatum.

UNGUICULARIS Caulis [ab Unguisy a nail
of the hand, &c] See Unguis.

UNGUIS [Ovvé, idem] a nail of the hand
or foot. The third degree in the Linnean
fcale for meafuring the parts of plants ; the
length of a finger-nail, containing fix Linee, or
half a Parifian inch. See Menfura. .

Unguts, the bafis of each petalum in a polype- :
talous Corolla.

UNICUS Fils, when the entire ftem pro-
duces but one flower ; different in fignification

~ from Soltarius, which fee.
tut Unica

VO

Unica Radix, a fingle root; having one bulb
only, oppofed to duplicata.

UNIFLORUS Pedunculus [unus, one, &
ffos, a flower] bearing one flower ; having but
one fruétification on each Pedunculus,

UNILATERALIS Racemus [unus, one, &
latus, a fide] when the flowers grow only on
one fide of the pedunculus.

Unilaterales Cotyledones, growing on one fide

only; a fpecies of the AdZonocotyledones, exempli-
fied in Palme.

UNIVERSALIS Umiella, an uniyerfal um-
bel ; the large Umbella, in an Umbella compofita,
to the extremities of whofe pedunculi the umbel-
lul@ are attached ; oppofed to partials.

Univerfale Involucrum, when below the Umbel-
la univerfalis.

VOLVA, the membranaceous Calyx of fun-
gi: it may be approximata, or remotiffima.

VOLUBILIS Caulis [4 volve, to roll] fpira-
liter adfcendens per ramum alienum , afcending {pi-
rally round the branch or ftem of another.
Their courfe is either /imifrorfum, to the left,
with the fun’s apparent motion, as in Humulus,

Helxine,

.

VU

Helxine, Lonicera, Tamus; or dextrorfum, the re-
verfe, as in Convelvulus, Bafella, Phafeolus, Cy-
nanche, Euphorbia, Eupatorium.
Volubilis Cirrbus, a twining tendril, dextrarfum
.retrorfumque : moft of the leguminofe have ten- .
drils of this kind.

URCEOLATA Corolla [Urceolus, ab Urceus, a
pitcher] bellying out like a pitcher, pelvis inflar
inflata, et undique gibba.

URENS Caulis, Folium [Ure, to burn] burn-

ing, ftinging, like nettles.

UTRICULI [ab water, a bag, or bottle] /unt
vajfcula repleta liquore fecreto; a fpecies of glan-
dular fecretory veffels, obfervable in various
parts of the furface of fome plants, refembling
little bottles, replete with a fecerned liquor.

VULGARIS [Vulgus, the common people}
common. The trivial or fpecific name of ma-
ny plants in the old botanifts, as the Hydrocotyle
vulgaris, &c. Synon. with Frequens.

F IN, FS.

i < “ayy i “1 haat ‘ving 2 EY: - .
vie ah SSR Ahan’) ae Sor
ce PF ain ee daha !
HEC Sha ‘yekiwas.px) x

“eu ayRd ny ia saat 3e ht

eed ard Cana oe phy ¥. ‘bald
ai Se ace

&maydds sesso AT

we, tylag elie rie MO. BE
‘ , cd a a nn *

r eee

a’
‘ *
eee: Sie + AA ee SL ip
: afrind Lornag wt aS) Paid el bib
Rr

ae _ dpaltvse 9 til .ge Ba ae

sasly 1 22192 os “ ’ uviny: ete aw

oe bay otk aiduv rida, gata

_ BRiidasylon wanlg Sia} ip 29

spe Lonnsgat'a di sity |
(7

hin not sg3* vi oth atkD
kre, 2o penny, siiiaeg)
sygcariaph ad. 2B ath) Soh
| rag h daiw A004

>

‘es

«
ve

it