¥ 230 pe rear rn Bt LPM Non e 2 sat Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www. archive.org/details/coleopteraofbrit01 fowl THK COLEOPTERA OF Peedi TiS oH ISLANDS. oh : LONDON: : : PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED, y ST, JOUN’s SQUARE. THE COLEOPTERA 4HE BRITISH ISLANDS. A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE FAMILIES, GENERA, AND SPECIES INDIGENOUS TO GREAT BRITAIN AND LRELAND, WITH NOTES AS TO LOCALITIES, HABITATS, ETC. BY THE REV. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., FL.S. SECRETARY TO rae ENToMoLOGICAL Socrety or Lonpvon, anv Eprtor (ror Conzoprrra) oF tax ‘‘ Byrowonoagisr’s Monti#uxy Magazine.” VOL. I. ADEPHAGA—HYDROPHILID&. LONDON: . L. REEVE AND CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, 1887. ts Ie ine 6O “Ut noas Vial=§-— lt eg | BA ic? Se ee en. ane ee PREFACE. Tue following work was originally taken in hand in order to provide a want that has been much felt by British Coleopterists, namely, a short account of our indigenous Coleoptera, with some reference to their localities and habits, and, where possible, to their life history: since it was begun it has somewhat increased in scope, as it was found impos- sible to reduce it within short limits, and at the same time not detract from its usefulness. At the outset I was promised valuable assistance by the late Dr. Power, Mr. Champion, Dr. Sharp, Rev. A. Matthews, Mr. Mason, and other leading Coleopterists, who have most kindly placed the requisite material at my disposal, and in many ways helped me. I must also express my great obligations to Mr. Bates for his valuable assistance in the classification of the Carabide, and to M. Bedel for his kindness in placing his structural plates of Dytiscus and Pterostichus at my disposal, as also to the Rev. A. Matthews for the two structural figures which he has drawn for me, which are most valuable as coming from one who has of late years bestowed especial study on the external skeleton of Coleoptera. I have endeavoured to make an especial point of the distribution of our British species, and have been much interested in this part of the work by finding how very few beetles are really common in the sense of being generally distributed, and, on the other hand, how very few are really rare ; the majority of the so-called scarce species are locally abuu- dant, and may be found in numbers if their habits are discovered. It is obvious that the question of distribution is one that can only be settled by the aid and co-operation of many collectors, and I therefore take this opportunity of saying that I shall be very grateful for any lists of local captures, more especially in Wales or Ireland: the Jatter country has been very little worked for Coleoptera, but I have nevertheless obtained much valuable information from Haliday’s Belfast list, McNab’s Dublin list, and Dr. Power’s list of species taken near Waterford, and also from the Rev. W. F. Johnson of Armagh, who is doing very good work at the Irish Coleoptera: the Sectch localities are admirably worked out in Dr. Sharp’s catalogue published in the Scottish Naturalist. With regard to the English localities, Ihave had the advantage of the use of Mr. Champion’s most complete Kent and Surrey list (which is especially vi PREFACE. valuable as giving accounts of habitats as well as localities), and of the various local lists that have from time to time been published, among which Mr. Bold’s list of the Coleoptera of Northumberland and Durham, and Mr. W. Garneys’ Repton list may particularly be noticed. Besides these I have received valuable help from Mr. W. G. Blatch (to whom I am very much indebted for his exhaustive list of Midland localities), Dr. J. W. Ellis, Mr. J.Chappell, My. Butler, Mr. Collett, Mr. Reston, Mr. T. Wood, Mr. J. J. Walker, Mr. C. G. Hall, Mr. A. C. Horner, Rev. W. GC. Hey, Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, Rey. H. S. Gorham, and others who have kindly helped me, and are still continuing to do so. In doubtful cases I have taken considerable pains to verify references, and I believe that nearly all the localities given are correct ones. With regard to the books consulted I feel that it is hardly necessary to give a full list; I should, however, like to mention Bedel’s “ Faune des Coléoptéres du bassin de la Seine ;” Horn’s “ Carabide ;” Horn and Leconte’s “Classification of the Coleoptera of North America ;” Dawson’s “ Geodephaga Britannica ;” Sharp’s ‘‘ Dytiscide ;” the ‘“ Naturgesichte der Insecten Deutschlands” by Erichson, Schaum and others; Thom- son’s ‘Skandinaviens Coleoptera ;” the works of Fairmaire and Laboul- béne, and Mulsant and Rey; Schiddte’s ‘De Metamorphosi Eleuthera- torum,” and various monographs and treatises, such as Sharp on the British Homalote, &c.: in several genera I have found the characters given in Cox’s Manual of British Coleoptera very useful. The question of nomenclature is at present in such a confused and transitionary position that I have preferred to follow the old and well- known system rather than adopt the changes that have been so largely introduced into the European catalogue: I have therefore altered very few names, but have in most cases appended the newly revived names as synonyms, and referred to them in the index, so that few mistakes can arise. It appears to me that nothing but utter confusion can result from the present passion for the law of absolute priority, and in this I am borne out by Dr. Sharp’s recent paper, ‘On some proposed Transfers of Names of Genera ” (Transactions Ent. Soe. London, 1886, p. ii. 181), which was written in answer to a pamphlet by M. des Gozis, entitled, “ Recherche de l’Espéce typique de quelques anciens genres.” Under the new system Necrophorus becomes Silpha, and Stlpha Necrophorus ; Pro- crustes becomes Carabus, Carabus is changed to Tachypus, and Tachypus requiring a new name is called Asaphidion ; even Melolontha is found to relate to Clythra, and our common cockchafer becomes Ludibrius vulgaris ; the genus [Tomalota, moreover, is found to comprise but one single species. These instances will show the utter confusion that would arise, and I certainly do not feel justified in adopting these radical chauges, the utility of which is so very doubtful, and which in many cases are evidently erroneous, as we often have no means of judging from the very meagre descriptions of the old authors what the insect was that they really described and named. In considering the arrangement of the work, it appeared to me the PREFACE. vii best plan first to tabulate the species at the head of each genus, and then to deseribe them separately afterwards: at the same time the tabular arrangement is often more or less artificial, and by no means satisfactory in all cases ; it must, therefore, be always taken in conjunction with the descriptions, and not apart from them: in some genera (e.g. Myllena) where the differences are obviously comparative, and hardly capable of being expressed in succinct terms, I have not hesitated to omit the tables altogether, and in others (e.g. Hydroporus) I have given them with great reserve. I should like to observe that any student who intends to study Coleoptera should first acquire a knowledge of the general forms of the particular families, tribes, and groups by reference to a good collec- tion or to figures ; it is impossible to obtain this from mere descriptions, which are only of real practical use after this superficial knowledge has been obtained. It is quite erroneous to suppose that any beetle can be named straight off from a book by a dichotomous system, by any person who does not possess some general knowledge of its position in the order. In a work like the present, in which so many details have to be examined into and verified, and many thousand references to localities collected and tabulated, it is impossible to avoid some errors and in- accuracies ; I have, however, endeavoured to be as accurate as possible, and shall be very much obliged if any person who peruses it will kindly inform me of any errors, with a view to their correction. I may perhaps be allowed in conclusion to add that it has been written at odd times, often amidst constant interruptions, and during the intervals of close ordinary work. I hope, however, that it may, at all events, prove of some help towards encouraging the study of our native Coleoptera. THe Scuoot Houses, Lincoin, Vou. 1886. ow GLOSSARY. Ab- in composition indicates away from, departure from, as abnormal, departing from the usual rule. Aborted. Incomplete, undeveloped. Acicular. Terminated in a sharp point like a needle (acus). Aciculate. Covered with small scratches which appear as if made by a needle’s point, Aculeate. Produced to a point ; as applied to one group of Hymenoptera it means furnished with a sting. Acuminate. Terminated in a point. Agglutinate. Fastened closely together so as to form one piece. Alutaceous. Covered with minute cracks like mud or like the human skin. Ambulatorial, Ambulatory. Relating to walking, or progress on land, sometimes opposed to cwi'sorial, and sometimes to natatorial. Anal. Pertaining to the apex or extreme end of the abdomen. Annulate. Ringed (of colour). Ante- in composition means before, in front of ; e.g. anteocular, situated in front of the eye- Apex. The extremity.—Apical. Relating to the extremity. Apod. Without legs ; of certain larve, e.e. Cercyon. Appendiculate. Furnished with appendices, e.g. extra lines or furrows at the end of other lines and furrows. Approximate. Brought near to one another. Apterous. Wingless. Armature. Corneous parts of the organs of generation. Articulated. Jointed.— Articulation. Joint. Asperate. Roughened, of sculpture. Asymmetrical. With one side of the body different from the other side. Attenuated. Gradually diminished or narrowed. Base. The root or bottom, the part on which an organ stands, or from which it takes its rise: for the various uses of the terms apes and base as applied to different parts of the body i in the Coleoptera, see Introduction, p. xxix. Basal. Pertaining to the hbase. x GLOSSARY. Bi- in composition signifies in two parts, or a doubling ; e.g. bifid, cleft into two divisions ; bisetose, furnished with two sete. Buccal. Relating to the mouth or sides of the mouth. Calcar. A spur, strong spine, or pointed process. Cullus or Callosity. A slight projection or elevation.—Callose. Furnished with such a projection or elevation. Canaliculate. Furnished with one or more channelled furrows. Capillary. Slender and hair-like (of antennz). Carina. A keel, or longitudinal elevated line-—Carinate or Carinated. Furnished with a carina. Castancous. Chestnut-coloured. Catenulate, Cateniform. Chain-like. Cicatriz. A large, deep, scar-like impression. Ciliate. Furnished with cilia or fringes of hairs more or less parallel, like the eyelid. Clava. The club or knob of the antenne (especially evident in the Clavicornia).—Clavate or Claviform. Clubbed or club-shaped. Common. Extending over two neighbouring portions of the body, e.g. “elytra with a common spot.” Concolorous. Uniform in colour, in comparison of parts; e.g. “ elytra dark with apex yellowish ” as opposed to “ elytra concolorous.” Confluent. Running one into another, of colour-patterns, or pune- tuation. Conical. Shaped like a cone, tapering from base to apex. Connate. Soldered together. Coprophagous. Feeding on excrement. Cordate, Cordiform. Heart-shaped. Coriaceous. Leathery ; of the consistence of leather. Corneous. Horny ; of the consistence of horn. Costate. Furnished with elevated coste or longitudinal ribs. Costiform. In the shape of a costa or raised rib. Coxal. Relating to the cox; the coxal or cotyloid cavities are the cavities in which the coxe articulate. Crenate, Crenulate. Furnished with a series of very blunt teeth which take the form of segments of small circles. Crepuscular, Coming out of hiding-places to feed, &c., during the twilight. > Cretaceous. Chalky. Cruciform. Cross-shaped. Cupule. Small cup-shaped organs with which the anterior tarsi of certain males (especially among the Dytiscide) are furmished ; they are used as suckers for adhering. Cursorial. Adapted for running. Cuspidate. Sharply pointed. Cyathiform. Cup-shaped. Deflexed. Bent down. Dehiscent. Gaping apart towards apex. GLOSSARY. xi Dentate. Toothed, furnished with tooth-like prominences.— Denticulate (diminutive of preceding). Furnished with small teeth: these terms are often used loosely. Depressed. Flattened as if by pressure from above, often used as in opposition to compressed, flattened by lateral pressure. Digitate. See Palmate. Dimorphic or Dimorphous. Presenting two distinct types in the same sex (e.g. females of Hydroporus, Dytiscus, &c.). Disc. The middle, the central portion. Discoidal. Pertaining to the disc. Divaricate. Used of two parts that are contiguous at base and very strongly dehiscent at apex. Emarginate. With a piece cut out of the margin, notched. Entire. Without excision, emargination, or projection. Explanate. Widened out, expanded. Facies. General aspect of a species, genus, or group of insects. Farinose. Presenting a mealy appearance Fascia. A coloured band. Ferruginous. Rust-red.” Filifjorm. Thread-shaped ; of antennz, elongate and of about the same thickness throughout. Flabellate, Flabellijorm. Fan-shaped ; of antenne, with the upper joints prolonged into long branches. Fossorial. Adapted for digging. Fovea. A large round depression on the surface.—Foveate or Foveolate. Furnished with such depressions. Funiculus, The joints of the antenne between the scape (first elongate joint) and the club ; especially applied to the Curculionide. Fuscous. Brown, or tawny-brown. Fusiform. Spindle-shaped, broadest in the middle, and gradually nar- rowed in front and behind to a more or less pronounced point. Geniculate. Elbowed or kneed, abruptly bent upwards or downwards. Gibbous, Gibbose. Hump-backed, very convex. wlabrous, Smooth, hairless, and without punctures or raised sculpture ; quite glabrous surfaces in Coleoptera are usually shining. Granulate. With small, rounded-off elevations. Granulation. Applied to the eyes, the granulation of which is said to be fine or coarse accordingly as the facets are more or less numerous and pronounced. Gressorial. Adapted for walking. Gular. Pertaining to the throat. Ffeteromerous. With the posterior tarsi composed of less joints than the anterior and intermediate ones. Hirsute. Set with thick long hairs. Hispid. Set with short erect bristles. Humerus. The shoulder.—Humeral. Relating to the shoulder. Hybrid. The offspring of two different species. xii GLOSSARY. Imbricate. Overlapping one another like tiles on a roof. Impunctate. Without punctuation. Incrassate. Thickened. Infuscate. Darkened; more or less fuscous in colour. Insertion. Point of attachment of movable parts, e.g. antennz. Interstices. The spaces between striz or rows of punctures: the term is properly applied to the elytra only, the interspaces on thorax, &c., being called intervals, but the term interstice is often rather loosely used. Tridescent. Exhibiting prismatic colours, changing in different lights. Juzta- in composition indicates near, as juwta-ocular, situated near the eye. Lamina. A flat plate.—ZLaminate or Lamellate. Plated. Lateral. Pertaining to the side. Linear. Narrow, elongate, and parallel-sided ; applied to a whole insect, or a particular portion. Lineated, Lineate. With longitudinal stripes. Lobes. Parts of an organ separated one from another by a more or less deep division. Tunulate. Crescent-shaped.—Lunule. A crescent-shaped spot. Maculate. Spotted. Margin. The outer edge.—Margined. Furnished with a more or less distinctly pronounced outer edge. Median. Central. Membranous. Of the consistency of membrane. Moniliform. Necklace-shaped, as if formed of beads ; of antennz. Mucronate. Prolonged in a sharp point. Mutic. Without point or spine. Natatorial. Adapted for swimming. Necrophagous. Feeding on dead and decaying matter. Normal. Usual or natural: this term is used very loosely, but it is often very useful, and its meaning in comparison is always easily understood from the context. Obconical. In a reversed cone, with the thickest part in front: often used of joints of the antenna, especially where these latter (as in Homalota, &c.) become gradually thicker towards apex. Obsolete. Almost effaced, or only slightly marked. Ovellated, Ocellate. Furnished with round spots surrounded by a ring of a lighter colour. Ocelli. Small extra eyes usually situated on the top of the head. Ochraceous. Brownish-yellow. Onisciform. Shaped like an Oniscus or wood-louse. Onychium. The last joint of the tarsi which bears the onyches or claws. Orbital. Relating to the upper border of the eye, as supra-orbital, situated above this upper border. Oval, Ovate, Ovoid. Egg-shaped. Palmate. Widened and divided like the hand: if the divisions are slender and elongate, the term digitate is used, GLOSSARY. xill Patella. A little bowl or eup.—Patelliform. Cup or bowl-shaped. Pectinate. Toothed like a comb. Pedunele. A piece supporting an organ, or joining one organ to another like a neck,—Pedunculate. Furnished with such a supporting piece. Pentamerous. With five joints. Penultimate. Last but one. Perfoliate. Formed of joints separated and as it were strung together by a common thread or narrow support running through them. Phytophagous. Feeding on plants. Pilose. Hairy.— Verticillate-pilose. Of antenne, with hairs set round the vertex of each joint. Pitchy. Blackish-brown : a somewhat loose colour term. Plicate. Furnished with a fold or folds. Polymorphous. Of various forms. Pores, Large isolated punctures. Productile. Capable of being lengthened out or produced. Propygidium. Penultimate dorsal segment of the abdomen (visible in certain Histeride, &c., to which the term is applied: it is not used of the Brachelytra). Pubescent. Furnished with pubescence or downy hairs. Puncture. A small depression on the surface, usually round. Punetate. Furnished with punctures. Punctate-striate. With rows of punctures imitating and taking the place of striz, opposed to striate-punctate, with punctured strie ; the former term is, however, sometimes used loosely by some writers for the latter. Pygidium. Last dorsal segment of abdomen, Pyriform. Pear-shaped. Quadrate. Square. Quadri- in composition indicates four times, e.g. gvadrimaculate, with four spots. Raptorial. Adapted for seizing and devouring prey. Rejlexed. Bent up, opposed to deflewed, bent down. Remiform. Oar-shaped. Reniform. WKidney-shaped. Reticulate. Covered with a network of scratches or cross striz. Rostrum. Prolongation of the head between the eyes, especially applied to the Curculionidz,—Rostrate. In the form of a beak or rostrum. Rufous. Reddish. Rugose. Wrinkled.—Rugulose. Slightly wrinkled. Saltatorial. Adapted for leaping. Scansorial. Adapted for climbing. Scape. The term applied to the first joint of the antenne when it is considerably developed. Scrobes. Lateral furrows on the rostrum, holding the base of the antenne when at rest: this and the preceding» term are chiefly employed in speaking of Curculionide, ‘ Xiv GLOSSARY, Sculpture. Modifications of surface in the way of punctuation, strim elevations, &e.,as opposed to structure, which has reference to the shape and construction of the various parts of the body. Scutellary. Pertaining to, or near the scutellum. Securiform. Hatchet-shaped. Serrate, Serriform. With teeth like a saw. Seta. A long outstanding bristle or stiff hair. Setaceous. Gradually tapering to the tip, like a bristle, Setiform. Shaped like a bristle. Setose, Setigerous, Setiferous. Set with or bearing sete. Shagreened. Covered with closely-set small roughnesses or unevelinesses like shark’s skin: the term is used sometimes of very fine sculpture with no pronounced punctuation (as in the case of the hind body of many species of Owypoda, &c.). Simple. With no unusual addition or modification, e.g. without spines, dilatation, emargination, &c. Sinuate. Slightly waved. Spatulate. Narrow at base and enlarged towards extremity. Spiracle or Stiyma, Openings for respiration on the surface of the body. Squamose, Squamate, Squamulose, Squamulate. Covered with larger or smaller sguame or scales. Stria. Animpressed line ; sometimes, but rarely, used of an elevated line. Striate. Furnished with strie. Stridulation. Noise produced by the friction of one surface against another.— Stridulatory. Connected with stridulation. Strigose. Scratched. Striole. An abridged or rmdimentary stria.—Striolate. Furnished with such small strie. Style. A pointed process. Sub- in composition indicates a/most or slightly, as sublinear, subparallel, subquadrate, &e. Subulate. Terminating in a fine and sharp point, like an awl. Sulcate. Furrowed.— Sulciform. Shaped like a furrow. Sutural. Pertaining to the suture of elytra. Suture. The line on which the elytra join: the term is also applied to the point of junction of any two free parts. Testaceous. Yellowish, usually with a dusky tinge: nota bright yellow, although the term is very loosely used, and is applied to almost all yellowish or light-reddish yellow shades. Tetramerous. With four joints. Tomentose. Cottony. Transverse. Broader than long. Trapezoidal. In the shape of a trapezium or irregular four-sided rectangular figure. Tri- in composition indicates three times, as fricuspid, divided into three points, GLOSSARY. XV Truncate. Abruptly cut right across in a straight line. Tubercle. A small abrupt elevation of varying form. Unicolorous. Of the same colour throughout. Unisetose, Bearing one seta. Variolose. Covered with impressions or pits like the markings left on the face by small-pox. Vermiculate. Covered with irregular, sinuate, worm-like little striz. Versicolorous. Of various colours. Vertex. Upper surface of the head behind the eyes. Vesicant, Vesicatory. Raising a blister (applied to Mylabris, Cantharis, &c.). a Covered with long raised closely-set hairs. Xylophagous. Wood-feeding. a INTRODUCTION. Tue order Coleoptera may be roughly characterized as follows :—Mouth -mandibulate ; prothorax free and not agglutinate as in the Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera ; anterior wings (elytra) horny or leathery, more often the former, as a rule united down the back by a straight suture; posterior wings membranous, longitudinally and transversely folded beneath the elytra; occasionally the posterior wings are rudi- mentary, and in such cases the elytra are often soldered together along the suture ; this often appears to be a result of the circumstances under which the insect lives, as occasionally a species is found with wings in one locality and without them in another. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. ye Pupz of Diptera. 1. Pupa of Drone-fly still in larva skin, . Ditto, with larva-skin bo Pupa of Bee Pupa of Bee , Bits sabe Front). Profile). - Ditto of Anthomyia. : : ) ¢ °) 4, Ditto of Mycetobia. Pupa of Dy. tiseus, Pupa of Sphinx- Moth. The metamorphoses of the Coleoptera are complete with the exception of the pupa, in which, although it is inactive, the parts of the perfect insect are always distinctly traceable. a XVlil INTRODUCTION, The position of the Coleoptera among the Insecta has been much disputed : many authors place them at the head of the class, considering that their development is of a higher character than that of the other orders ; if, however, we are to consider the metamorphoses the Lepid- optera must precede them, and some writers are of opinion that the Diptera and Hymenoptera should also be ranked before them: the question after all is not a very important one, and itis almost impossible to settle it with any certainty. The insects belonging to the old order Strepsiptera (Stylops, &c.) have been for some time rightly ranked with the Coleoptera as abnormal members of the order ; their true position, however, in relation to the other Coleoptera can hardly be considered established. Professor West- wood in his “ Modern Classification of Insects,” vol. i., p. 34 (1839), says that the number of species of Coleoptera with which Entomo- logists are actually acquainted cannot be less than 35,000, and prophesies that, when the number of species of foreign climes shall have been collected, the number will be doubled, if not trebled: this prophecy has been strikingly verified, for upwards of 100,000 species at least must be now known, and numbers of new species are constantly being found in all quarters of the globe. The question of the classification of the various sections and families is a most difficult one, and will not be here touched upon ; it is intended, however, to discuss the classification adopted in this work at its con- clusion, and various points will be alluded to under the different divisions and families. The constant discovery of new synthetic forms that often upset all preconceived ideas of classification of particular groups or genera makes it impossible to establish any real or definite system, and in fact our knowledge of the Coleoptera, their relations to one another, and the proper positions that they ought severally to hold, may be said to be as yet in its infancy; except for a few broad lines that are followed by all, their classification appears to be more or less artificial, and too often a matter of taste and convenience, rather than of scientific accuracy. Distribution of the Coleoptera in time.-—Two or three supposed specimens of Coleoptera have been recorded from the rocks of the Paleozoic period, but these have been proved lately not to be Coleoptera at all; the earliest known insect is a Blatta which was found in the Middle Silurian strata, in France, in December, 1884; up to this time the oldest known representatives of the Insecta consisted of six wings obtained by Mr. C. F. Hartt in 1862, from the Devonian shales of New 3runswick ; two scorpions, however, have been found in the Upper Silurian, and these, as insect-eaters, prove the existence of insects at the period during which the strata were being formed. It is possible that the Coleoptera existed at the end of the Paleozoic period, but it appears to be most probable that they did not appear until the com- mencement of the Secondary period; the earliest known undoubted species are described by Teer from the Swiss Trias, the oldest formation INTRODUCTION, Palbd of the Secondary period, and consist of three species (Glaphyroptera pterophylli, Curculionites prodromus, and Chrysomelites Rothenbacht) : the earliest recorded British species are from the Lias, and consist of a good many species of Carabide, Buprestide, Dytiscide, Melolon- thide, &e.: throughout the Oolitic and Cretaceous rocks they are found in greater or less numbers, and in the strata of the Tertiary period,as we should expect, they become more and more common; from two quarries in the Upper Miocene near Lake Constance Heer took 2456 specimens of Coleoptera, belonging to 518 species: we should naturally expect that the Coleoptera would be preserved better than any other insects because of the hardness of their integument, and such in fact is the case: it seems, therefore, all the more certain that they did not appear in the Paleozoic periud. Those students who desire to examine into this very interesting question are advised to consult the works of Mr, Scudder and M. Brogniart, and the valuable papers of Mr. H. Goss in the “ Proceed- ings of the Geologist’s Association,” vols. v., vi., and ix. INTERNAL STRUCTURE. The internal structure is discussed very fully in Burmeister’s “ Manual of Entomology ;” it is not, however, necessary here to do more than touch upon a few points. The organs of nutrition consist of the intestinal canal and its appen- dages ; this canal is terminated at one end by the mouth and at the other by a vent or anus, which latter is invariably present in all perfect insects, although in certain orders it is occasionally absent in the larval state ; the hinder portions of the intestinal canal (duodenum, colon, cecum, &c.) need not here be discussed, but a few words may perhaps be said upon its anterior appendages: the mouth opens upon a pharynz, which is the distended commencement of the esophagus: the cesophagus extends from the pharynx to the stomach, and in all orders (except the Lepidoptera, in which it is forked) it passes through the entire cavity of the thorax as a simple tube ; the third division of the intestinal canal is the proventriculus, a small narrow and tubular cavity, furnished within with folds, teeth, spines, or projecting horny ridges ; it may, as Bur- meister remarks, be considered as the mouth of the stomach, in front of which it is directly situated: it is found in all mandibulate insects which feed upon hard substances or require their food to be triturated previously to digestion: it is therefore present in all the carnivorous and wood-feeding Coleoptera, but is not extended through the whole order, and is not found in the suctorial orders of insects such as the Lepid- optera: it is more distinctly muscular than the rest of the intestinal canal, and evidently answers to the gizzard of the gallinaceous birds. The stomach of the Coleoptera is rather variable in its formation : it is of very simple structure, as might be expected from, the nature of their food, in the Lamellicornia and Phytophaga, but in the Carnivorous series it is much more complex, being short and separated from the a 2 XX INTRODUCTION. proventriculus, which is always present, by a distinct constriction, and having the whole or greater part of the upper surface covered with long, thin flocks, which originate from the inner mucous membrane of the stomach, and are evidently secreting organs, whose secretion makes more soluble the heavily digestible animal matter (v. Burmeister, 1. e. p. 132). The divisions of the intestinal canal which follow the stomach are usually simple, and do not present many changes of form, although they vary considerably in length. The nervous system is formed of a series of ganglia or nervous centres united by one or two cords of nerve; these ganglia differ in number, but as a general rule ‘‘the ventral cord has as many ganglia as there are freely movable divisions of the body:” the larvee of the Lepidoptera and carnivorous Coleoptera possess as many ganglia as segments; in the Diptera in which the three segments of the thorax are united and agglua- tinate we find only one thoracic ganglion, and further in those larve in which the bodies are thick and fat and possess no distinct segments (e.g. in the Lamellicornia) there is no distinct ganglion, but a simple cord from which the nerves pass off on each side; in the perfect beetle there are less ganglia than in the larva, and there are less in species belonging to some families than in those belonging to others. The circulatory system consists of a heart, or an organ answering to a heart, divided into several chambers arranged longitudinally, and opening one into the other, by means of the alternate contraction and dilatation of which a white cold clear fluid corresponding to blood is circulated through the so-called blood-vessels, which appear to be closely connected with the trachez of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is made up of the external spiracles or stigmata, and the internal trachee: the former are apertures on the surface of the body by means of which air is taken in, and the latter are the tubes by which it is distributed throughout the system ; there are two large con- necting tracheze from which smaller branches ramify in every direction over the body : in the Coleoptera we may say, roughly speaking, that each segment of the body has a spiracle, or perhaps more correctly that one is to be found on the boundaries of every two segments ; their shape and position in some families, e.g. the Dytiscide, afford good characters for the distinction of genera. Gills or branchie are very rarely found in the Coleoptera ; they occur, however, in certain larve (e.g. Gyrinus, Cremi- dotus, Hydrous caraboides, Berosus, &e.) in the form of processes, fringed or otherwise, arising from the sides of the segments: all those insects which are not provided with gills have to rise frequently to the surface of the water to obtain the requisite supply of air which they in most cases draw more especially through the spiracles situated at the posterior end of the body. The organs of generation are variously modified, and consist of a male intromittent organ and a female receptacular organ and ovipositor; the sexes are always separate: In some groups a most important specific character is afforded by the a@deagus, which some writers most erroneously INTRODUCTION. xxi confound with the male intromittent organ ; it is really (as Dr. Sharp, who has studied the character more than any other author, informs me) a segment of the body withdrawn into the interior and variously and profoundly modified for the purposes of fertilization ; in some cases it appears to consist of more than one segment; in the Dytiscide it is arranged so as perfectly to keep out water during coupling ; it is not properly speaking part of the organs of generation, but is a highly modified secondary sexual apparatus, which has nothing homo- logous with it in the Vertebrata; it is of extreme variety in the Coleoptera, and appears not to be absolutely confined to the male, for where the number of external segments in the male and female is the same, there will be found in the female an internal (usually chiefly membranous) segment homologous with the male cedeagus: in the Staphylinidz the segment preceding the cedeagus is also more or less modified or retractile. Occasionally the modifications of the organs of generation are very curious ; the female of Cebrio gigas, for instance, usually lives below the surface of the ground, above which, at the period of coupling, it protrudes a long horny tube, the extremity containing the organs of generation ; at this time the males may be found searching eagerly for the females ; after coupling the same organ is employed to introduce the eggs to a proper depth under ground (v. Westwood, Classif. i. 245). The difference in structure of the sexes with a view to generation, especially as regards the development of the tarsi, femora, &c., in male, and the sculpture of the upper surface of the female are in many cases of the greatest interest ; the antennz also are often largely modified as in certain Elateride, Meloé, &c.; these differences, however, belong rather to external structure, and will be more fully alluded to under the several genera. EXTERNAL STRUCTURE. As it 1s chiefly on the external structure that descriptions of Coleop- tera are at present founded, it is of the first importance that all students of the order should make themselves thoroughly acquainted with it and with the terms employed in describing it; the details, therefore, of the complicated external skeleton, mouth parts or trophi, antenne, legs, &c., must be fully explained in any work like the present, and will therefore for convenience sake be treated of under three separate headings. ist. The head, including the mouth organs, antenne, and eyes ; 2nd. The thorax, including its appendages, the wings, and the legs; and 3rd. The abdomen or hind-body, by which latter term it is generally now known in descriptions of the Staphylinide. Tue Heap. The head varies very greatly in form: as arule the hinder portion is not narrowed and is simply inserted into the front of the tliorax, to which XXil INTRODUCTION. it is joined by membrane ; sometimes, however, it is contracted behind and lengthened, and is occasionally behind the constriction expanded into a semi-globular knob or condyle, which acts as a sort of ball and socket joint and admits of free movement in every direction (as in some genera of the Truncatipennes, the Brenthide, &c.); in front of the head there is usually a suture stretching right across between, or in front of, the antenne ; this is called the clypeal suture, and the part it ents off from the head is called the clypeus; if, as often is the case, an apparent suture is seen in front of the clypeus it is due to the junction of the labrum or upper lip which will be spoken of under the mouth organs : the clypeus is sometimes called the epistoma ; according to some authors when large it is styled the c/ypeus, and when small the epistoma, but this latter term is used very loosely and scems by some writers to be applied to the labrum or to the labrum and elypeus combined, thus including, as its name implies, all the parts over the mouth. The insertion of the antenne relatively to the elypeus is in some groups a very important character; thus in the Cicindelide the clypeus extends on both sides in front of the insertion of the antennew, whereas in the Carabidz it does not extend so far towards their sides as the insertion : this will be perhaps better understood by comparing the shape of the head of Cicindela as given in the accompanying woodeut with the shape of the head of Pterostichus (Plate A, Fig. I.). In the Rhynchophora, as a rule, and in other groups very rarely, the head is pro- longed in front, so that the prolonged portion is as long as the rest of the head, or even as long as the whole body (as in Balaninus); this prolongation is called the rostrum; the mandibles and maxille are situated at the end of the rostrum, and not at its base, as seems rather a common idea: the rostrum, therefore, is a true portion of the head, and in no sense a trunk; on each side of the rostrum there is usually a groove which varies in size, and into which the insect retracts the scape or long first joint of the antennee when at rest: these are called scrobes, and are very useful characters in the determination of the Rhynchophora; the a. Head of Cicindela (magnified) outer side of the mandibles is in some with jaws closed. 0. Ditto, with families (e.g. the Carabide) concave, form- jawsopen. 2, Labrum. ec. Clypeus. . 5 ’ ing an elongate groove: these grooves are called the mandibular seroves. The anterior part of the head is called the forehead or front, the central portion the vertex, and the posterior portion the occiput; as, however, the head is usually more or less sunk in the thorax, and the occiput more or less hidden, the whole portion from the eyes to the front margin of the thorax is often roughly spoken of as the vertex, Fig. 3. INTRODUCTION, Xxiil The eyes are very variable ; rarely as in Anil/us, and in many cave insects, they are wanting; they are made up of a large number of small lenses, which vary very much in number and size: in some groups, as for instance Languria, their formation affords good specific cha- racters, the eyes being said to be finely or coarsely granulated, accordingly as the number and so the indi- vidual size of the lenses is greater or smaller: in some families additional eyes are found consisting of one or two simple lenses ; these are termed ocell/, and are situated on the vertex behind the true eyes; they occur in the Homa- lina, &c. Occasionally the eyes are partially or almost entirely divided by a corneous ridge as in Dorcus and Throseus, or they may be entirely divided, so that there are two eyes on the upper surface of the head and two on the under surface as in Gyrinus and Amphiops. The head is often furnished with long erect setee arising from pores or special punctures ; their function is probably the same as the whiskers of the feline tribe of animals, as they seem especially developed in those beetles that are carnivorous and nocturnal in their habits, e.g. the Carabidee. Dr. Horn in his valuable paper on this family has made great use of those that are found on the surface of the head near*the eyes in the classification of the Harpalinze, those genera that possess one such seta being classed under his group H. unisetose, and those that possess two under his other great group H. bisetosce. In some families the head is furnished with large horns and other appendages, which are especially found in the male, and arise chiefly from the clypeus: these are particularly noticeable in the Lamellicornia ; with the exception, however, of Copris and one or two other species none of our indigenous beetles possess them in a marked degree. The antenne are jointed appendages which are usually inserted in front of, more rarely between, the eyes: in the Rhynchophora they arise from the rostrum either further from or nearer to the base; they are extremely variable in shape ; a very full description of the various forms which they present is to be found in Leconte and Horn’s “ Classification of the Coleoptera of North America,” Preface, pp. xii and xiii; those forms that chiefly require notice are as follows :— 1. Filiform or thread-like, in which the joints are elongate and cylin- drical, and the apical ones not or scarcely enlarged ; if they become more slender towards the tip they are called setaceous: such antennz are one of the chief characteristics of the Carabidw and Dytiscide. 2. Claviform or clavate, in which the apical joints are enlarged and form a more or less distinct knobbed club; sometimes the club is gradual, in other cases sudden and abrupt: in the latter case the antenne are said to be capitate. Small portion of eye highly mag- nified. Fig. 5. Side view of head of Gyrinus. Xxiv INTRODUCTION. 3. Serriform or serrate, in which the joints are more or less triangular and compressed, and present a serrate edge on their anterior margin (as in various Elateride, &c.): as a rule the serriform antenne present no appearance of a club, but at the extreme end of the series there occur forms (e.g. Clerus, Corynetes, &c.), in which by insensible gradations they have passed into the fully clavate form; if the joints of the serrate antennze are much prolonged anteriorly they are said to be pectinate (as in Corymbites), if much prolonged on both sides, bipectinate: when the prolongations are very long they are said to be jlabellate or fan-like (as in Pyrochroa), and when this form of joint is flexible and presents a feathery appearance they are called plumose (as in certain exotic Malacodermata). 4. Lamelliform or lamellate: this is really a form of the clavate antenna, in which the clava takes the shape of large plates which oppose flat surfaces to one another, and so form a one-sided club which can be opened or shut by the insect at pleasure: this is shown in Lucanus, and more especially in Melolontha ; the club of Lu- canus is comparatively small, and is termed a jissate club. 5. Moniliform : this is realiy a transitional form between the filiform and clavate an- tenne: the joints of the an- tenn do not differ greatly in size, but are separately rounded, and present the appearance of a string of beads (as in many of the Chrysomelide). There are many other modi- fications, but the ones referred to are the most noteworthy, and on them have been founded several great divisions of the Antenna, ue Gael P: ane Coleoptera (Clavicornia, Serri- 3. Perfoliate club. 7. Serrate. COrnia, Lamellicornia, &e.) : 4. Geniculate. 8. Pectinate. these divisions are practically useful, but it must be remem- bered that they are more or less artificial, and in many instances are found to pass by gradations the one into the other. The antennz of the Rhynchophora are very peculiar, and consist, as a rule, of a very long first joint called the scape, with which the other joints form an angle: the antenne usually end in a club, and in this case INTRODUCTION. XXV the joints between the scape and the club are termed the funiculus: all such elbowed antenne are termed geniculate: the elongate first joint or scape, although not in so marked a degree as in the Rhynchophora, is found in other Coleoptera, e.g. Cryptobiwm among the Staphylinide, &ec. The trophi or mouth organs.—The Coleoptera belong to the mandi- bulate as opposed to the baustellate insects, that is to say they are furnished with horizontally moving jaws for seizing and masticating their food ; the haustellate insects, on the other hand, like the Lepid- optera, obtain their food by suction by means of a tube or trunk: if we examine the underside of the head of any beetle we shall find that nearer to or further from the front there is a suture: this suture is called the mental suture, or more generally the gular suture ; this last term, however, is erroneous, as the gular sutures proper lie at the sides between the opening of the mouth and the mental suture ; if with a needle (ground down to an edge on a fine hone and fixed by sealing-wax into a piece of wood such as a match stem) we divide this mental suture, and in the case of a larger insect the gular sutures proper as well, we shall be able to separate and examine in detail all the mouth organs: it is very necessary that all students of Coleoptera should be able to dissect these, at all events to a certain extent; for, although classification by the external skeleton and other characters is more and more taking the place of classification by the trophi, yet at present these still play a very con- siderable part in the classification of the Coleoptera, and they must always be considered as at all events of very great secondary importance ; unless they are dissected out, it is impossible to examine them properly, and therefore unless a student is able to dissect he will not be able in many instances to rightly determine the genera, much less the species : a little practice is all that is required : asa rule, when the mental suture is severed, the mentum, labiumand maxillemay 4 at once be removed in one piece ; the man- gL dibles may be examined without removal : if, therefore, the mouth parts are carefully dissected and the insect again remounted, it will to all intents and purposes be still perfect. Above the mouth there is usually visible a small piece which is called the labrum or up- per lip; itis usually, but not always, more or less membranous ; it either projects wholly or partially beyond the clypeus, or it may be completely hidden behind the clypeus and be connate with it; useful characters are Head of D. marginalis, upper sometimes found in its shape, whether emar- side. ginate, truncate; projecting, &c. Below the ¢.Labrum. é.Clypeus. c,d. Man- labrum come the large jaws or mandibles, ones st a peace ae which are the most powerful of the mouth tae ee ike organs ; they vary much in shape according to the food of the insect : XXvi INTRODUCTION. in the Carnivorous beetles they are usually sharply pointed and furnished with a cutting edge in order to enable them to seize and hold fast and cut up their struggling prey ; in the plant-feeding beetles they are broad and blunt, and more adapted for trituration than cutting ; the cavities at the sides of the mandibles (in the Carabide, &c.) have been before referred to as termed the mandibular scrobes: these scrobes are often furnished with single long sete, which seem to have much the same office to perform as the supra-orbital sete above referred to, and probably bear some analogy to the whiskers of the feline tribe. Below the mandibles there is a second pair of hori- Fig. 8. zontally moving jaws called the maxille ; these, taken in conjunc- tion with the palpi or antennal- like processes that arise from them, are of very great importance in classification: the maxille, as a nue, are made up of the following portions :—1. The cardo or hinge, where the whole maxilla arti- culates with the head; 2. The stipes or stalk articulated with the cardo at a greater or less angle ; 3. The palpifer or squama, the support of the maxillary palpus, the more correct term for which Under side of head of D. marginalis. would be the squama palpifera > a. Mentum. 3. Linguaor ligula, ce. Labial 4. The lacinia or blade, which palpi. dd. Maxillary palpi (dissected out). may be regarded as the inner lobe a}. Outer lobe. d*. Maxillary palpus. d*. of the maxille; 5. The outer lobe, Lacinia or blade (forming the inner lobe of \hich in the Adephaga is usually the palpi). d*. Palpifer or squama. d®, =~ Al ee C list a Stipes or stalk. d®°, Cardo or hinge. e, Eyes. jointed (except in Callistus an f. Base of antenne. g. Throat. %. Mental One or two other genera) and suture, palpiform, and is sometimes, as in Dineutes, entirely absent; 6. The maxillary palpus, which is usually shaped like an antenna, and is generally 4-jointed, rarely 3-jointed, and in Aleochara alone 5-jointed ; these maxillary palpi vary very much in form and length: in the Pselaphide they are very large and curiously shaped ; in the Hydrophi- lid they are very long, being in fact much longer than the antenne ; in the Curculionide they are short, thick, and rigid. The floor of the mouth is formed by the mentum: this is very variable in shape; it is usually more or less emarginate, and is occasionally furnished on each side of the emargination with a membranous border: these borders are called the epilobes of the mentum. : In front of the mentum is situated the Jigula, which is sometimes corneous, sometimes membranous, sometimes partly corneous and partly membranous: it varies extremely in shape, and usually carries on each INTRODUCTION. XXVIi side a membranous appendage ; these appendages are termed paraglosse: in many genera they are very conspicuous, projecting far beyond the ligula, but in some cases they are soldered to the sides of the ligula, and occasionally are not visible at all; from supports situated at the base of the ligula, between the ligula and mentum, arise the labial palpi: these are usually 3-jointed, rarely 2-jointed, and occasionally, as in Myllena, &c., setiform, not presenting the appearance of palpi at all. The mentum and ligula make up the labiwm : the terms Ligula and labiwm, however, are used very loosely by many authors, who consider them as distinct from the mentum altogether, and speak of the labium as the basal portion of the organ in front of the mentum, the ligula proper being made up of the front portion, which in some cases, e.g. Autalia, is much extended, and appears to be distinct, but is not really so. The comparative size of the joints of the labial palpi, and the number of setze borne by them and by the anterior margin of the ligula are very useful as affording generic characters in some cases. ‘ Labium of Péerostichus niger. a, Mentum. 8. Ligula. ec. Pa- raglossze. dd. Labial palpi. THE THORAX, Throughout this work the term “thorax” is used roughly for con- venience sake for the upper portion of the body between the head and the base of the elytra, the part in fact which ; in common language is usually called the Fig. 10. thorax; as a matter of fact, however, the thorax is made up of three parts, the prothoraa, mescthorax, and metathorax; the upper sur- faces of these are called respectively the pro- notum, mesonotum, and metanotwm, and the under surfaces the prosternum, mesosternum, Pravoirratchorieron and metasternum: the so-called “thorax” is D. marginalis. really the pronotum; the only portion of the a. Anterior margin. b. Pos- mesonotum visible from above is the scwtellwm, terior margin. ec. Lateral which usually appears as a triangular or semi- ae d. Dorsal, central, f jan line. ee. Ante- circular plate between the two elytra at base, yior angles. Ff. Posterior but is sometimes wanting; the metanotum is angles. gg. Disc. altogether hidden by the elytra. The prosternum hears the front pair of legs; it is often produced in a longer or shorter, sharper or blunter process between them posteriorly : this “ prosternal process,” as it is called, is often of great use in classi- fication; the mesonotum and mesosternum, which make up the meso- thorax, bear respectively the anterior pair of wings or elytra and XXVill the second pair of legs; INTRODUCTION. while the metanotum and metasternum bear respectively the posterior membranous pair of wings, and the hind legs: each of the three under portions of the thorax, the pro-, meso- and meta-sternum, is composed of three parts, the central portion called the sternum and two lateral pieces, the anterior of which is called the episternwm, and the posterior the epimeron ; these latter are very variable in size, and are seldom all visible in any one in- sect ; both the episterna and epimera of the meso- and meta- sternum are often more or less hid- den behind the reflexed portions of the elytra called the epiplewre : those of the prosternum are also often hard to trace, the episterna especially being very small and sometimes invisible. The legs ave six in number, and are attached to the body by a joint called the coxa, Which forms with the coxal cavity a ball and socket joint; these coral cavities, sometimes called acetalula, are either en- tirely closed in front or behind by the corneous substance of one or other of the sterna, or are partially closed by one and partially by another; in the former case they are said to be closed behind, in the latter to be open behind: this character is of great importance in some families, as is also the relation of the position of the epimera to the coxal cavities: on the outer side of the anterior and middle cox an additional piece, not connected with the legs, may be observed; sometimes it is soldered to the coxee, sometimes independently mova- ble: this piece is called the trochantin, but a better name for it would be the paracoxa, as the term trochantin is sometimes used by continental writers as synonymous with Prosternum of thorax of D. marginalis. a. Sternum (ending in pro- sternal process). 6 5. Episterna. ec. Epimera. d. Coxa. e. Tro- chanter. f. Femur. g. Tibia. h. Tarsus (5-jointed). Fig. 12. A. Mesothorax of D. marginalis seen vertically. J. Mesonotum (bearing elytra). g’. Base of elytron. g*. Apex of ditto. g°, Lateral margin of ditto. gi‘. Suture of ditto. g°. Disc of ditto. . Winglet or alula (covering or a continua- tion of the mesothoracie spi- racle). @bc. Sternum, epi- sterna, and epimera of meso- sternum (bearing middle legs). d. Coxa. e. Trochanter. B. Mesothorax seen from above. a. Scutellum. trochanter ; the latter term, however, has nothing to do with the former, the trochanter being a small and somewhat variable piece which is joined INTRODUCTION. XXIX to the jemora or thighs close to the coxa, and forms an integral portion of the legs ; following the femora come the ¢ibi, at the extremity of which are usually found two movable spines or spurs, which vary very con- siderably in length, and one of which or even both may be absent ; attached to the tibize come the tars?, which are never composed of more than five joints or less than two ;* hence we have the old divisions of Pentamera, Tetramera, Trimera, &c.; often the number of joints is different in the different feet as in the large class Heteromera, the species belonging to which have the anterior and intermediate pairs made up of five joints, and the posterior of four only: in the Staphylinide the variation of the number of tarsal joints affords a very valuable character for the classification of genera; some genera, eg. Rhizophagus, are heteromerous in one sex only ; the tarsal joints vary very greatly in form, and are very differently dilated in the sexes of the same species; this dilatation and the clothing of the under surface of the joints (whether pubescent, squamose, &c.) afford a most valuable character for the classi- fication of the Carabide ; the last tarsal joint bears the claws, and is called the onychium; the penultimate joint or last but one is often bilobed, especially in the plant and tree-frequenting beetles ; the claws are of very different shapes, and may be simple, toothed, serrated, or pectinate, or furnished with membranous appendages at their base. The different formations of the legs as a whole will be further alluded to during the course of the work ; the most noticeable deviations from the ordinary form are the xatatorial or swimming legs of the Dytiscide, the fossorial or digging legs of the Scaritide, Geotrupide, &c., and the saltatorial or jumping legs of the Halticide, in which latter the femora are very strongly thickened. THe ABDOMEN. All that portion of the body situated behind the metasternum is called the abdomen or hind body, and consists of a series of rings divided into two portions, the dorsal segments (more or less covered by the elytra) and the ventral segments, which are united to the former on the dorsal surface, usually by membrane ; these segments are properly nine in number, but, as a rule, only five or six can be distinguished: of these segments the last dorsal segment is called the pygidium, and the last but ~ one the propygidium ; in the Nitidulide and Histeride two or three of the apical dorsal segments are visible; in the large family of the Sta- phylinide the upper surface of the abdomen is almost entirely uncovered. As the terms apex and base are very often used in descriptions every student should thoroughly understand how they are employed in the case of different parts of the body, or else much confusion will arise: in the * One or two exotic genera appear to be monomerous, but it is somewhat doubtful if they really are so; very rarely the claws and even the anterior tarsi are wanting. XXX INTRODUCTION, thorax the apex is the portion next the head, the base the portion next the elytra ; in the elytra the case is reversed, the apex being the posterior portion and the base the part that meets the base of the thorax ; the base of the femora is the part next the coxe, the apex the part adjoining the tibiz ; in the segments of the abdomen the apex is the part nearest the apex of the elytra, the base the part nearest the base of the elytra ; with regard to the tibie there is considerable confusion ; some authors regard the apex of the tibia as the part that meets the apex of the femur, the base being the portion nearest the tarsus ; others, however, take the opposite view. Dr. Sharp writes to me as follows: “There is a very simple means of regulating the use of the terms base and apex, and I always adhere to it myself. All the parts of the body are considered with relation to one point, the centre, to which they are supposed to be directly or indirectly attached ; the part nearest this point is the base, the part the most distant the apex :” in the following work Dr. Sharp’s rule has been adhered to, except with regard to the tibie in the case of some genera the descriptions of which were printed before I had discussed the question with him. PLATE A. THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY, L REEVE & 00. LONDON EXPLANATION OF STRUCTURAL POAT HS! PLATE A. Fig. I. Pterostichus vulgaris, L. (melanarius, Il.) (male): upper side. . Labrum.’ . Labial palpus. - Maxilla. . Maxillary palpus. . Mandible. . Antenna. . Front of head. . Supra-orbital sete. Pronotum, ordinarily called “thorax.” 10. Anterior lateral pore. 11. Angular pore. CONANT WHE Fig. I. 2. Seutellum. . Basal fold of elytra. . Scutellary stria. . Suture of elytra. . Sutural angle. . Femur. . Tibia. . Spurs of tibia. . Tarsus. . Onychium and claws. 2. Stigma. . Pygidium, Diagram of an imaginary beetle displaying the various portions of the under skeleton, some of which are always either absent or obsolete. 1. Gular region. 2. Collum. 3. Prosternum. 4. Mesosternum. . d, epimeron. e. a. episternum ; $. epimeron. episternum. paracoxa or trochantin (shown by a fine line drawn through it). g- epimeron. The paracoxa or trochantin is present in some genera, but not in others: the epimera of the prosternum are always small, and often 5. Metasternum. /f. episternum. inconspicuous or obsolete. Fig. III. 1. Prosternum. 2. Mesosternum. 3. Metasternum. Under-skeleton of Gyrinus. a. episternum, 6. epimeron. ce. episternum. d. epimeron. e. episternum. jf. epimeron. On the first segment of the abdomen the rudiments of the suture of another segment are more or less distinctly visible. Fig. IV. Dytiscus marginalis, L. (male): under side. 1. Ist ventral segment of abdomen. 4. 4th ventral segment of abdomen. 2, Ind . re os 3rd ” ” 5. 6. 5th 6th 2 ” ” 2”? XXXil PLATES. 7. Prosternum terminating in support of the swimming prosternal process. legs). 8. Episternum of prosternum. 16. Trochanter. 9. Episternum of mesosternum. 17. Femur. 10. Epimeron of mesosternum, 18. Tibia. 11. Metasternum. 19. Dilated tarsus, or palette, and 12. Wing of metasternum. cupules of male. 13. Episternum of metasternum. 20. Oar-shaped tarsus. 14. Coxal cavities. 21. Coxal process. 15, Cox (posterior pair very 22. Epipleura of elytra. largely developed for the 23. Genital armature. Figs. I. and IV. are from a plate kindly placed at my disposal wy M. Bedel. Figs. II. and III. have been drawn for me by the Rev. A Matthews. PLATE B. I. Larva of Chlenius vestitus, Payk. 1, Antenna. 7. Mesothorax. 2. Mandible. 8. Metathorax. 3. Maxillary and labial palpi. 9. Abdominal segments. 4, Ocelli. 10. Muscular impression. 5. Leg. ml, A. Cerei. 6. Prothorax. 12. Anal appendage. The corneous plates on the segments are called the scuéa, and are termed respectively the dorsal and abdominal scuta. Il. Larva of Gyrinus marinus, Gyll. III. Larva of Haliplus fulvus, F. IV. Pupa of Spheridium scarabevides, F. 1. Cephalic region. 2. Thoracic region. 3. Abdominal region. e. cerci. 4, One of the ‘‘ styli motorii.” Fig. V. Under skeleton of Cychrus. 1. Epimeron of mesothorax. 2. Ante-coxal piece (see p. 1). 3. Episternum of metathorax. 4. Anterior coxa. Fig. VI. Under skeleton of Pterostichus (numbered as preceding). Fig. VII. a 5 Mormolyce ia TOES VANES 5, 5 Dytiscus. 1, Epimeron of mesothorax. 2. Metasternum, showing absence of ante-coxal piece. 3. Episternum of metathorax. 4. Anterior coxa. Fig. IX. Under skeleton of Haliplus showing the broad plates that cover a great portion of the abdomen: the parts indicated by dotted lines are covered and concealed by the plates: 1, Ante-coxal piece. 2. Abdominal plates. 3. Anterior coxa. Fig. X. Under skeleton of Pelobius (numbered as Figs. 5, 6, 7). Figures L, IT., and II. are after Schiddte, the rest after Horn. PLATE B. ye Le lt we 7 aiece bp es ikea aS i= : . eS ] V4 hs . a Ny a " ie S Nk SS THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L. REEVE & CO. LONDON PLATE I. Fig. 1. Cicindela sylvatica, Z. campestris, Z. campestris, L., var. hybrida, L. hybrida, v. maritima, De). ss germanica, L. Cychrus rostratus, L. Carabus eatenulatus, Scop. OOAIDAA WD nemoralis, Miill. ” glabratus, Payk. 9 »” violaceus, L. clathratus, Z. — ee noe . . ” »” auratus, L. - cS » sere Ss i) ; = z Q —_ & Fo wp bos r Px $2 OST Sh ow ex PLATE II. Carabus nitens, ZL. A granulatus, LZ. 5 “9 antenna. - monilis, FP’. % arvensis, [’. Calosoma inquisitor, Z. of 5 antenna, 5 sycophanta, Z. Notiophilus biguttatus, 7. aquaticus, Z. (head enlarged). palustris, Du/t. rufipes, Curt. ” ” ” Leistus spinibarbis, F’. 55 a mandible. labium. »” 5 maxilla. montanus, Steph. fulvibarbis, Dej. L.REEVE &(0. LONDON. wpbe wee Scert - yi ey oe ~ 2 th a FS aaa we + Brel easy F 4, ; = Fia. Rife SO: RO) Li PLATE III. Nebria complanata, L. » livida, » Gyllenhalii, Sch. » brevicollis, #. Pelophila borealis, Payk. a s anterior tarsus of male. Blethisa multipunctata, LZ. Elaphrus riparius, L. ie 5 anterior tarsus of male. » cupreus, Duft. “ ii anterior tarsus of male. » uliginosus, F. : Lapponicus, Gyll. Loricera pilicornis, /, (antenna enlarged). Clivina fossor, Z. » collaris, Herbst. Samer is | ss err aes (i a ¢ a ne 1 ae i A wee ; a “ 2 fee bus ra ws vo : a 2) S Sree Fa sia oe aa 3 : = a ’ = as : - ‘ees ; Bia wore Ler citer. > “A Y wee i Saar ae : PLATE IV. Fic. 1. Carabus intricatus, ZL. 2. 3 convexus, F. 3. 93 violaceus, v. exasperatus, Du/t. 4. Leistus ferrugineus, F. 5. », Tufescens, F. 6. Notiophilus quadripunctatus, Dej. 7. Dyschirius thoracicus, Rossi. 7a. ss - maxilla and anterior tibia. 8. 3 impunctipennis, Daws. 8a. a a anterior tibia. 2) 3 nitidus, Dej. 9a. + =p anterior tibia. 10. . politus, Dej. 10a. a »» anterior tibia. ie 3 salinus, Schaum. lla. 5 »» anterior tibia. 12. BS zneus, De). 12a. 33 » anterior tibia. 13. n globosus, Herbst. 13a. a + anterior tibia. E. WILSON. GEL. THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY : a - > : f : , > 4 « < ; % f ® ; ; =. mh one VS aor Yul, Liga is : : - . | ial Sonia, ts Werte - Fi ae 13a. PLATE VY. Dyschirius extensus, Putz., and anterior tibia. 3 angustatus, Putz., and anterior tibia. Miscodera arctica, Payk. 35 » anterior tarsus of male. Broseus cephalotes, L. - anterior tarsus of male. Panageus crux-major, LZ. + 5 outline of thorax. 55 3 anterior tarsus of male. 3 quadripustulatus, Sturm. ‘ . outline of thorax. Badister unipustulatus, Bon. _ es outline of thorax. ‘y bipustulatus, #. 5 3 outline of thorax. sodalis, Du/t. ‘5 peltatus, Panz. Licinus depressus, Payk. » silphoides, F. Callistus lunatus, 7’. oe - maxilla. P] Am ol L.REEVE &CO. LONDON . a iP ss r = = : e . ‘ : E ae ; + a » LAR PUD Wiad et emit jaita , ' Gee ¥ PLATE VI. Fic. 1. Chlenius vestitus, Payk. la. 3 x anterior tarsus of male, upper side. 1b. A 3 5 under side. 2 eS Schrankii, Duft. . 3. 25 nigricornis, J’. 4. FS holosericeus, 5. Oodes helopioides, F. 6. Stenolophus Teutonus, Schr. ; 6a, #5 a penultimate joint of anterior tarsus of male. 7. s Skrimshiranus, Steph. 8. ~ vespertinus, Panz. 9. ‘: elegans, Dé. 10. Acupalpus flavicollis, Sturn. 11. . dorsalis, F. 12. = brunnipes, Sturn, 13. - exiguus, De), E WILSON, DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L.REEVE &CO. LONDON @ oy fg . Bat t ’ may eet el oO 1 oF ay Say alee wn f= soe lieiti tes eae tere gal} ee i; pk Sere: PLATE VII. Vic. 1. Acupalpus exiguus, var. luridus, Dej. 2). 3 meridianus, Z. 2a, A 55 penultimate joint of anterior tarsus of male. 3 x consputus, Duft. 4. Bradycellus placidus, Gyil. 5. * cognatus, Gy/ll. 6. “A distinetus, Dej. 7 re verbasci, Duft. 8 3 harpalinus, Dej. 9 5 similis, De. 10. Harpalus sabulicola, Panz. 11. x rotundicollis, Fazrm. 12, $5 punctatulus, Du/t. 13; 5 azureus, Ff. E. WILSON. DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L.REEVE & CO. LONDON ~- haria jg mn? a4 4" Y ‘ ’ - & at) a ‘ edhilina cots Fia. 1. BSS) C1 tn =? PLATE VIII. Harpalus cordatus, Duft. rupicola, Sturm. puncticollis, Payk. rufibarbis, /. ruficornis, 7’. D under side of anterior tarsus (the hairs mostly omitted). zeneus, F7 » labium. » maxilla. zeneus, var. cupreus, De). caleeatus, Sturm. consentaneus, Dey. tenebrosus, De). rubripes, Du/t. discoideus, F’. PLATE 1X. Fic. 1. Harpalus ecaspius, Stev. 2 . latus, Z. 3 5 quadripunctatus, De). 4 5 melancholicus, De). 5. 5 tardus, Panz. 6 5 servus, Duft. ul bs anxius, Du/t. 8 : serripes, Schon. 9 - ignavus, Du/t. 10. 3 neglectus, De). iil, 5 picipennis, Du/t. 12. Dichirotrichus obsoletus, De). 13. 5 pubescens, Payh 9 PLATE &. WILSON. CEL LONDON PLATE X. Scybalieus oblongiusculus, Dej- Anisodactylus binotatus, 7. a 3 under side of anterior tarsus of male. x peciloides, Steph. 55 os anterior tarsus of male. Diachromus germanus, Er. Zabrus gibbus, £. Stomis pumicatus, Panz. Platyderus ruficollis, Marsh. Pterostichus eupreus, L. “5 A anterior tarsus of male. s versicolor, Sturm. = dimidiatus, Ol. a lepidus, /., male. > oc labium, 4 lepidus, /°., female. madidus, J”. PLATE 10 SS ————— r 7 i Se ae ae ee Te See Fie. 1. la. Soaks ed 10a. PLATE XI. Pterostichus parumpunctatus, Germ. 2” ” of abdomen of male. oblongo-punetatus, 2. i vitreus, De). aterrimus, Payk. niger, Schall. ” » of male. vulgaris, Z. ” ” domen of male. A nigrita, ” ” men of male. re anthracinus, J//. ” » abdomen of male. gracilis, Dej. minor, Gyll. ” ” men of male, strenuus, Panz. » inequalis, Marsh. n vernalis, Gyll. last ventral segment last ventral segment of abdomen last ventral segment of ab- last ventral segment of abdo- last ventral segment of last ventral segment of abdo- PLATE iy THE CAMBRIDCE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY E. WILSON. DEL L.REEVE &CO. LONDON PLATE XII. Fic. 1. Pierostichus picimanus, Du/t. la. PH Bs anterior tarsus of male. 2. 53 striola. 3. Amara fulva, De G. 4 » apicaria, Sturm. 5. » consularis, Duft. 6 » auliea, Panz. 6a. “5 » Jlabium. Uf » convexiuseula, Marsh. 8. » patricia, Du/t. 8a. = »» anterior tarsus of male, ). » infima, Du/ft. 9a. * » antenna. 10. » Yufocineta, De7. ils » fusea, De. 12: » Quenselii, Sehdn. ee » Ovata, F. SON. DEL E WILSON. DEL &CO. LONDON L.REEVE PLATE XIII. Fic. 1. Amara tibialis, Payk. » spreta, De). » familiaris, Duft. trivialis, Gy/ll. alpina, F. strenua, Zimm. plebeia, Gy/l. »” ull fon) Sab he SS © spur of anterior tibia. ” »” 8. Calathus cisteloides, Panz. 8a. or es anterior tarsus of male, and claw, “), 3 mollis, Alarsh. 10. », melanoeephalus, LZ. Nile an os v. nubigena, Hal. 12. »» micropterus, Du/ft. 13. » piceus, Marsh. PAT Tei E WILSON DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L.REEVE &CO. LONDON [SS er s - GSI SS op PLATE XIV. Taphria nivalis, Panz. Pristonychus terricola, Herbst. Sphodrus leucophthalmus, Z a = under side of male showing trochanters of hind legs. Anchomenus angusticollis, 7. albipes, J’. oa 6 4 labium. 35 oblongus, Sturm. 35 livens, Gy/l. es marginatus, L. % sexpunctatus, L. AD - anterior tarsus of male. ericeti, Panz. Sablbergi, Chaud. s parumpunetatus, 2’. * gracilipes, Duft. PLATE 14 THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L REEVE & C0. LONDON PLATE XV. Anchomenus viduus, Panz. - versutus, Gyll. A dorsalis, Mill. A micans, Vie. “ scitulus, De. 4 fuliginosus, Panz. Fn gracilis, Gyll. ° 5 piceus, Z. 3 Thoreyi, Dej. Ps puellus, De. Olisthopus rotundatus, Payk Tachys Focki, Hum. », bistriatus, Du/t. Fig. 10. ODMARR ONE PLATE XVI. Tachys scutellaris, Germ. Cillenus lateralis, Sam. Lymnzum nigropiceum, Dfarsh. Bembidium rufescens, Gueér. 5 quinguestriatum, Gy/i. 3 obtusum, Sturm. 5 guttula, 7. 5 biguttatum, F. 5s zneum, Germ. 3 fumigatum, Du/t. = assimile, Gyll. ae Clarki, Daws. . articulatum, Panz. PLATE 16 E WILSON DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L REEVE &CO. LONDON me a ee a eee as ae Fie: 10. Par anurkwy PLATE XVII. Bembidium doris, Panz. minimum, F. Schtippeli, Dej. gilvipes, Sturm. lampros, Herbsé. nigricorne, Gyll. bipunctatum, Z. decorum, Panz. monticola, Stn. affine, Sieph. nitidulum, AZarsh. stomoides, Dej. tibiale, Du/t. PLATE T/ / A 2 . E_WILSON. DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L REEVE & CO. LONDON inves He Za 13. PLATE XVIII. Bembidium testaceum, Du/?. ” saxatile, Gyll. bruxellense, Gill. concinnum, Steph. anglicanum, Sharp. littorale, Ol. fluviatile, De. lunatum, Du/t. 7 maxilla. 35 labium. pallidipenne, Zd/. flammulatum, Cluirv. varium, Ol. adustum, Schaum. obliquum, Sturm. PLATE 16 L REEVE & CO. LONDON THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY n F ie ie = OS SNe rae ncaa PLATE XIX. Bembidium ephippium, JJarsh. prasinum, Duft. 5 punctulatum, Drap. 33 paludosum, Panz. Tachypus pallipes, Duft. an » anterior tarsus of male. Bembidium quadriguttatum, F’. Perileptus areolatus, Creutz. Aépus marinus, Strém. . Bf labium. > or maxilla. Aépus Robinii, Labould. Trechus discus, /. - micros, Herbst. * longicornis, Sturm. . lapidosus, Daws. PLATE 19. / E. WILSON. DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTR MENT © L.REEVE & CO. LONDON COMPANY . ft, es ars oad 2 fh \a ae ee. et : atts x — D dae | ‘ = iS i wow 2 i) SP IND OB w PLATE XX. Trechus rubens, /. ”? minutus, 7. 5 labium. 7 maxilla, rivularis, Gyll. secalis, Payk. Odacantha melanura, Payk. Patrobus excayatus, Payk. ” 3%? ” septentrionis, De). 3 labium. = maxilla. Pogonus luridipennis, Germ. ” ” r labium. 55 maxilla. littoralis, Duft. chaleeus, Marsh. Masoreus Wetterhalii, Gy/l. Cymindis axillaris, /’. ” so last joint of maxillary palpus of male. vaporariorum, Z. PEATE. 20 i y E. WILSON. DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L_REEVE & CO. LONDON > oo "> t et titi = ~e nat atl % ‘ a i Fie. 1. PA. 3. 3a. ANAaan Saeee ts p io % PLATE XXI. Lebia crux-minor, Z. ” ” ” eyanocephala, L. chlorocephala, Hoff: 3 last joints of tarsus. Aétophorus imperialis, Germ. 5 ligula. Demetrias unipunctatus, Germ. ” ” ” a last joints of tarsus. ligula. atricapillus, Z. Dromius longiceps, Dej. ” re, ligula. linearis, Ol. meridionalis, De7. D last joints of tarsus. quadrimaculatus, Z. 5 labium. es ligula. quadrinotatus, Panz. quadrisignatus, De. melanocephalus, De. PLATE 21 E WILSON DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L REEVE & CO. LONDON Fic. 1. OD HMIAM RH = S via 10a. — oe) b 13. PLATE XXII. Drowius nigriventris, Thoms. As vectensis, Rye. “p sigma, Rossz. Blechrus maurus, Sturm. Metabletus foveola, Gy/ll. re obscuro-guttatus, Du/t. i truneatellus, Z. Lionychus quadrillum, Du/ft. Polystichus vittatus, Brudlé. 55 5 paraglossa. Drypta dentata, Ross?. 5S 3 labium. Brachinus crepitans, L. 3 sclopeta, F. 2 explodens, Du/t. PLATE 22 13 E WILSON. DEL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L.REEVE & CO. LONDON PLATE XXIII. Fic. 1. Brychius elevatus, Panz. 2. Haliplus obliquus, Zr. 3. 5 confinis, Steph. 4. - as vy. pallens, Fowler. 5. = mucronatus, Steph. 6. “i fulvus, F. 6a. = » labium. 6b. 3 » maxilla. We . variegatus, Sturm. 8. A ruficollis, De G. a » fluviatilis, Aubé. 10. * lineatocollis, Marsh. 11. Cnemidotus impressus, F. lla. 5 aS labium. 11h. 5 es maxilla. 12. Pelobius tardus, Herbst. 12a. = » Jabium. 12b. 3 » Maxilla. 13. Amphizoa insolens, Leconte. Ba PLATE Am mn COMPANY THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT E WILSON. DEL 2% CO, LONDON is L.REEV Fic. PLATE XXIV. Noterus clavicornis, De G. » sparsus, Marsh. 5 » antenna of male. > » anterior tarsus of male (after Schiddte). Laccophilus interruptus, Panz. 3 AS anterior tarsus of male (after Schiddte). an obseurus, Panz. ea variegatus, Germ. Hydrovatus clypealis, Sharp. Bidessus minutissimus, Germ. » Unistriatus, Schr. » geminas, &. Hyphydrus ovatus, Z. 2 5 claw: Ccelambus versicolor, Schall. = inzqualis, F. a decoratus, Gy/l. 24. PLATE 13 THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY E WILSON, DEL L.REEVE & CO. LONDON he srs . E ae i ay - ay, f Kae _ a ¢ a . a Fd : ’ rads Spy ex: underside of anterior tarsus of male (after Schiddte). as s female. 3 circumflexus, F., male. 3 ey processes of posterior cox. 5 circumeinetus, Ahr, dimorphic female. 5 a processes of posterior cox. 43 lapponicus, Gyll., male. 5 4 processes of posterior cox. 5 F female. » puncetulatus, /, male. ~ ‘ processes of posterior coxz. » dimidiatus, Berg., male. 7 3 processes of posterior cox. 9 » female. PLATE 30. E MESON URI. THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY . L. REEVE &00. LONDON. 12a, 13a. PLATE XXXTI. Cybister Roeseli, Fiiss. Hydaticus transversalis, Berg. 5 seminiger, De G. Acilius suleatus, Z., male. os » labium. is » female. p »» underside of anterior tarsus of male (after Schiddte). » fasciatus, De G., male. : - female. Graphoderes cinereus, Esch. Gyrinus minutus, F. “5 as antenna. » urinator, Zl. »» natator, Scop. > » maxilla, » elongatus, Aubé. + - posterior leg (after Schiédte). Orectochilus villosus, J/i//. antenna (after Schiédte). ” ” BATE soe E WILSON DEL. THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L-REEVE & 00. LONDON Fic. PLATE XXXII. Hydrophilus piceus, Z. Hydrocharis caraboides, L. Hydrobius fuscipes, L. 3 5 oe _ oblongus, Herbst. Philhydrus testaceus, 7’. a maritimus, Zhoms. 3 nigricans, Zett. 5 coarctatus, Gred/. Cymbiodyta ovalis, Thoms. Enocehrus bicolor, Gyll. Anacena globulus, Payh. 5) bipustulata, Steph. PLATE 32 CO 10 u 12 13 SCIENTIFIC (NSTRUMENT COMPANY E.WILSON DEL THE CAMBRIDGE L.REEVE &CO. LONDON PLATE XXXIItl. Fic. 1. Paracymus nigroeneus, Sahl. 2. Helochares lividus, Yorst. 3. S punctatus, Sharp. 4. Laccobius sinuatus, Mots. 5. "1 bipunctatus, F. 6. Berosus spinosus, Stev. i »» signaticollis, Charp. 8. » Juridus, LZ. 3h 5 affinis, Brulle. 10. Limnebius truncatellus, Thoms. He 5 nitidus, Marsh. 12. Chetarthria seminulum, Herbst. 12a, > tz (under side of abdomen showing ventral plates). 13. Spercheus emarginatus, Schall. £. WILSON DEL . PLATE 33. THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY . L.REEVE &CO LONDON a! al ho we a ast w) PT) oa . A 4 Brel: {o @ 10. Wt 12. 13}. ME Oth ow bo PLATE XXXIV. Helophorus rugosus, OU. Hydrochus »” nubilus, F. aquaticus, L. dorsalis, Marsh. zneipennis, Thoms. laticollis, Thoms. affinis, Marsh. brevipalpis, Bedel. arvernicus, Muls. nanus, Sturm. brevis, Herbst. elongatus, Schall. angustatus, Germ. PLATE 34. E.WILSON DEL. THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIAG INSTRUMENT COMPANY L.REEVE &CO. LONDON. 10. {0 Go St Ou Pe oo Mar PLATE XXXV. Henicocerus exsculptus, Germ. Octhebius exaratus, Muls. 54 marinus, Payk. ss zneus, Steph. 5 pygmeus, F. rp bicolon, Germ. os rufimarginatus, Steph. s nanus, Steph. sp punctatus, Steph. Hydrena testacea, Curt. - riparia, Kug. gracilis, Germ. pulchella, Germ. ” ” PLATE 35 EWILSON.DEL. THE CAMBRIDuc SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L. REEVE. &CO. LONDON. ae “a zh - teat 4 AOL Ii VRtsT ee c A Ree ~~ s*K ~~ wits P + akg ’ eS ia : ie MS i 7. cy) re eh ae Fie. PLATE XXXVI. 1. Hydrena atricapilla, Wat. 2. » pygmea, Wat. 3. Cyclonotum orbiculare, F. 4. Spheridium searabeoides, F. 5s 5 bipustulatum, F. 6. Cereyon littoralis, Gy/l. & Ps hemorrhous, Gy/l. 8. s obsoletus, Gyll. 8a. as a under side showing mesosternum (after Mulsant). 9: as melanocephalus, L. 10. x unipunctatus, ZL. ie > quisquilius, Z. 12, Megasternum boletophagum, Marsh. 12a. c. a under side showing mesosternum (after Mulsant) . 13. Cryptopleurum atomarium, Jfuls. 13a, _ + under side showing mesosternum (after Mulsant). PLATE 36 11 12 13 E.WILSON OCL THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY L.REEVE. & CO. LONDON . thn Hel wy COLEOPTERA. ADEPHAGA. (CARNIVORA—FILICORNTIA.) Tue classification of this series has always been attended with con- siderable difficulty, and cannot yet be said to be settled. The best method appears to be that adopted by Dr. G. H. Horn, in his essay on the genera of Carabidz, published in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society for 1881.* Dr. Sharp (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1882, i. 61) suggests certain alterations in the system ; the most important of these are included in the table given below. The series contains only a few families, the members of which are, as a rule, active ; in habits they are predaceous and carnivorous. Part of them are terrestrial and part aquatic, and in conformity with their habitat many authors divide them into two groups, styled respectively Geodephaga and Hydradephaga. It is, however, better to treat them as a whole. For further particulars the student of the group would do well to consult the papers above referred to, the section Carabidz by Mr. Bates lately published in the “ Biologia Centrali- Americana,” and the work of Dr. Sharp “On Aquatic Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscide” published in the Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society for 1882. In the following table the comparatively recently discovered North American family, Amphizoide, is included as forming a strong con- necting link and transition between the ordinarily received sections of the series, I. Metasternum with an ante-coxal piece, separated by a well-marked suture, reaching from one side to the other, and extended triangularly between the hind coxe. i, Antenne eleven-jointed; posterior coxe free and simple; habits terrestrial. 1. Clypeus extending laterally on both sides in front of and beyond the insertion of the antennw , . . CICINDELIDE, 2. Clypeus not extending so far towards ‘the sides as the insertion of the antenne . . . CARABIDE. ii, Antenne ten-jointed ; posterior coxe fixed and ‘furnished with large plates, ee a great aig of the abdomen; habits aquatic . . . HanPripz. II. Metasternum with a very ‘short _ante-coxal piece, " the suture. in- distinct, not prolonged posteriorly between the hind coxz ; habits aquatic. * This observation applies only to Dr, Horn’s general arrangement of the families of the Adephaga, and not to his detailed classification of the Carabide. B 2 ADEPHAGA. [ Cicindelide. (1. Legs not adapted for swimming; anterior cox globular . AMPHIZOIDZ.) 2. Legs adapted for swimming ; anterior coxx conical 2 PEeLOBUDZ. III. Metasternum prolonged behind in a triangular process, the ante-coxal piece entirely wanting; habits aquatic. 1. Antenne slender, filiform; abdomen with six segments ; Cyes TWO! si Meg he ae. lel As ugleseleuiin) YalMyei oe) pen ole int be 2. Antenne irregular, very short; abdomen with seven seg- ments, the first two closely united; eyes four. . . . . . GYRINIDR. DytIscipz. The above table is perhaps the best classification of the Adephaga that can be adopted in the present state of our knowledge. As, however, a more simple division may be of advantage to the general student, the following table is added. In this the Pelobiidz are classed for con- venience sake with the Dytiscide. I. Intermediate legs adapted for walking ; two eyes only present. i. Upper joints of the antennz pubescent. 1. Clypeus extending laterally on both sides in front of the insertion of the antenn@ . . . 2 +s « + s+ 6 2 « 2. Clypeus not extending so far towards the sides as the insertion of the antenne . . . . . . + + « « «+ + « CARABIDE. ii. Antenne entirely glabrous, without pubescence. 1. Antenne ten-jointed; posterior coxe furnished with large plates, covering a great portion of the abdomen’ . . . . . HAatiPLipE. 2. Antenne eleven-jointed ; posterior cox without plates . . DyTIscIpm. II. Intermediate legs oar-shaped, adapted for swimming ; four eyes present, two on the upper surface of the head, and two on the inder'surfaca’ = 2 .> el ee es 8 se me 6s, 5) GNRINEDAL CICINDELID2. CICINDELIDZ. Head large, eyes prominent ; maxillee with the outer lobe two-jointed, the inner usually terminated by an articulated hook; antennz eleven- jointed, inserted on the forehead above the base of the mandibles; clypeus extending laterally in front of the insertion of the antenne ; elytra covering abdomen; abdomen with the three anterior segments connate, with six ventral segments visible in the female, and seven, as a rule, in the male; legs slender, formed for running; posterior cox dilated internally, not reaching the sides of the body ; all the tarsi five- jointed. This family is represented in Europe by two genera, Tetracha, which is nocturnal and crepuscular in its habits, and Ctcindela, which frequents the hottest and most sunny places; the nocturnal Manticorina (Manticora, Omus, &c.) also belong to it. The species belonging to this family found in temperate climates are all terrestrial in their habits, but many species occurring within the tropics alight on the leaves of trees. CICINDELA, Linné. The species belonging to this genus are the most predaceous of the Coleoptera, and the most active ; they are also among the handsomest and most brightly coloured. From the ferocity of their nature, as well as from the spots and stripes with which they are ornamented, they have been called Tiger beetles. They inhabit for the most part hot sandy Cicindela. | ADEPHAGA. 3 districts; they run and fly with great swiftness in the sunshine on the open ground or among grass. About four hundred species have been described, of which only four have been found in Britain. The larva of Cicindela hybrida is fully described and figured by Schiddte (De Metamorphosi Eleutheratorum Observationes, Part iii, p. 160, Pl. xii. 1). It is pale testaceous with the head and thorax fuscous with a green and purple metallic tinge, and with the fermora, tibiz, and tarsi fuscous ; the head is large and produced in front of the eyes, and the prothorax is narrow and crescent-shaped with the anterior angles produced ; the abdominal shields are separated except on the ninth segment, and there are no cerci; on the fifth segment which is raised there are two bent hooks, and the anal segment is cylindrical and furnished with short spinose cilia. The larva of C. campestris much resembles this, but is more robust. It is figured by Westwood (Classif. i., p. 50), who says that these larve burrow cylindric retreats in the earth to the depth of a foot or more, employing their legs and jaws in loosening the particles of sand and earth which they carry to the surface on their broad saucer-like head, ascending by the assistance of the two hooks which they bear upon their back. Having completed the burrow, they station themselves by means of their legs and dorsal hooks at its mouth, their large flattened head and first segment fitting the hole. Here they lie in wait for such insects as may be crawling about, and seize and drag them to the bottom of the burrow, to which also they retreat on the first approach of danger. Our species may be readily distinguished as follows :—- I, Labrum and head unicolorous, elytra with larger punctures MCAMSNGTEC eee es E ect aa aoe Coie estoy h oie fo) gla SY RVATIOA T 27, II. Labrum whitish yellow, elytra without larger punctures near suture. i. Thorax transverse ; form not cylindrical. 1. Elytra varying from light green to dark green or almost black with five marginal white spots and one white spot just behind centre of disc, the latter surrounded with a Garker:shade@ - ir ents su mics a. =) “on Te! vei cpa) eo. Cy. OAMPERSTRIA, 2, 2, Elytra dark bronze brown with three irregular white bands, the middle one simply waved, forehead gibbous AUGILOMS E's pase ee Re Re 2S eager yes. oe ClBYBREDA YE: 3. Elytra dark bronze brown with three irregular white bands, the middle one bent downward from centre to- wards apex of elytra; forehead not gibbous in front. . . WV. maritima, Dej. ii. Thorax elongate; form cylindrical. . . . . . . . . C. @eRMaAnica, L. C. sylvatica, L. Bronze-brown with a purplish tinge; labrum large, concolorous with head, with a distinct tooth in the middle of anterior margin, and with a strong longitudinal keel on disc; thorax rather finely rugose; elytra long oval, longer in proportion than in the succeeding species, variolose, thickly punctured, with a spot at shoulder, another oblique marking before middle, a round spot before apex, and an irregular band just behind middle, white or very light testaceous; none of these except the humeral spot touch the margin; underside of legs and body clothed with white hairs, the former metallic. L. 14-16 mm. Local, but common where it occurs; sandy heaths; Claygate, Woking, Chobham, Weybridge ; Bournemouth; also near Cambridge. Cc. campestris, L. Colour varying from bright grass green to almost black ; base of antennz, anterior and posterior margins of tho- B 2 4 ADEPHAGA, [Cicindela, rax, margins of elytra and chief part of legs brilliant coppery red ; elytra ovate, much wider than thorax, finely shagreened with five white markings on each ; under surface of abdomen shining green, of thorax and breast coppery red except in middle; legs pilose, tarsi green; in the female there is nearly always a small black spot near suture towards base, which is obsolete in the male. L. 11-15 mm. Common and generally distributed in sandy places, especially in spring and early summer, throughout the kingdom. The var. funebris is almost black, and is found very rarely in the Clyde district of Scotland (Loch Long, &c.) ; in the Isle of Wight there is a dark dirty green variety, which is common in April. In the last European catalogue (Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1883) seventeen named varieties are men- tioned. C. hybrida, L. Brownish or greenish bronze with purplish re- flection ; thorax quadrate, scarcely narrowed behind, sides clothed with long white hairs; elytra more coarsely shagreened than in C. campestris, granulated, with three irregular white bands on each at shoulder, apex, and in middle, the latter simply waved; underside purplish green with the breast and sides of thorax coppery red; legs metallic (red, green, and purple), very pubescent, tarsi greenish or purplish. L. 12-15 mm. Local ; Wallasey and Crosby sandhills, Cheshire and Lancashire ; Swansea, Crymlyn Burrows; also found in North Wales ; coast of Bristol Channel ; Yarmonth ; one speci- men only has been recorded from Scotland, Glenfarg, Tay district. V. maritima, Dej. Very like the type, but smaller and more slender as a rule, and rather more variable in colour. It is easily distinguished by the white central band on elytra being strongly deflexed and produced towards apex. L. 12 mm. Local; sandy coasts; Devonshire; Dorset; Hants; South Wales; Burnham, Somerset; Burnham Market, Norfolk; Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire; Birkenhead and Wallasey. Cc. germanica, L. (Cylindrodera germanica, Westwood). Elon- gate, almost cylindrical, bright green, bluish green, olivaceous, or black ; thorax long, narrow, and cylindrical ; elytra narrowed in front, widest towards apex, with three rather variable white spots on each, one at the humeral angle, a larger one about middle near to but not touching margin, and a third, crescent-shaped, stretching along margin of apex ; underside green or purplish-green, sides of thorax and breast coppery ; legs greenish, tibie testaceous. L. 10 mm. Black Gang Chine, Isle of Wight; also recorded by Dawson from Dorset, and by Stephens from Darenth Wood, and from Devonshire. This species is found among grass, and flies very rarely, and then close to the ground ; it runs, however, with very great rapidity. It is very local and rare, and, in fact, Black Gang Chine appears to be the only locality in which it is now taken. CARABIDZ. Head usually narrower than thorax ; maxilla with the outer lobe almost always two-jointed, the inner usually curved, acute, set with cilia, or spines; antenne inserted behind the base of the mandibles, clypeus not extending laterally in front of insertion of antenne ; abdomen with the three anterior segments connate or soldered together, usually with six ventral segments visible in both sexes, occasionally seven or Carabide. | ADEPHAGA. 5 eight (Brachinina) ; legs slender, formed for running, posterior coxe dilated internally, hardly ever reaching the sides of the body.* This family is one of the most numerous of the Coleoptera in point of species, and one of the most predaceous ; a few species, e.g. Zabrus gibbus and Amara spinipes, are, in part at least, vegetable feeders. I. Mesothoracie epimera reaching the middle coxal cavities which are not entirely enclosed by the sterna See. = --- CARABINAD II. Mesothoracie epimera not reaching the middle coxal cavities which are entirely closed by the sternpa . . . =. . =. . - HARPALINE. CARABIN. i. Anterior coxal cavities open behind. 1. Mandibles without setigerous puncture... . . . . CARABINA. 2. Mandibles with setigerous puncture. . . . . . . . . NEBRIINA. ii. Anterior coxal cavities closed behind. 1. Antenne free at base ; legs not fossorial. A. Mandibles without setigerous puncture; anterior tibie feebly emarginate; head with two supra-orbital sete . ELAPHRINA. B. Mandibles without setigerous puncture; anterior tibiz strongly emarginate; head with one supra-orbital Seb tree ieee leo ol ae ny fag odes te ORTORE ENA. 2. Antenne inserted under a frontal plate; legs fossorial . . SCARITINA. CARABINA, I. Posterior coxe separated; labrum prolonged and bifurcated, presenting a rostrate appearance . . . - . . . Cronus, Fabr. II. Posterior coxe contiguous; labrum not prolonged, simply emarginate. 1. Mandibles smooth; 2nd joint of antenne longer, 3rd joint cylindrical . . 1 . . « ss « s+ « ~ + ~ Canasus, Linn. 2. Mandibles striated; 2nd joint of antennz short, 3rd joint compressed . « ss « = «© « « «= « © » » » « Caxtosoma, Weber. CYCHRWUS, Fabricius. The genus Cychrus comprises a considerable number of insects of dark colour, and somewhat peculiar appearance, owing to the rostrate appear- ance of the head; some species, however, are more brightly coloured, and are metallic. The European species are not as numerous as the North American. According to M. Bedel they attack land molluses by introducing their long head into the mouth of the shells. Some of the species have the power of stridulating by rubbing the abdomen against the elytra. We possess but one species as British. The larva of Cychrus rostratus is figured by Westwood (Classif. i., p. 67, Fig. 2, 3), and more correctly by Schiddte (Part iii., Pl. xviii. 1). It is very distinct, being shorter and much broader in proportion than is usual in the Carabide, the term onisciform (or like a wood-louse) well expressing its shape; it is of a castaneous colour with margins lighter; the head is narrow in proportion to the thorax, which is much narrower in front than behind; the anal segment is very short with the hinder angles prominent. C. rostratus, L. Colourdeep black ; head very narrow and elongate ; thorax truncate in front, with sides rounded, widest about + middle, and thence contracted to base; base with deep transverse impression ; * The only exception to this rule at present known is found in the tribe Trachy- pachina, + In this point the species is somewhat variable, being sometimes widest before middle, although usually widest in middle. 6 ADEPHAGA. [ Cychrus. elytra wide, oval, and convex, granulated ; legs elongate. Occasionally the elytra present traces of three interrupted lines. L. 16 mm. Widely distributed, though seldom met with in abundance in any one spot. Found under refuse in woods, and in sand and gravel pits; not common in Scotland, Low- lunds only ; Ireland, near Belfast, Armagh, and Carlingford. CARABUS, Linné. The genus Carabus is one of the largest of the family of Carabide, and comprises over 300 species, which have a very wide range in both the Old and New Worlds. For the most part they are large, and many of them are exceedingly beautiful, owing to the brilliancy of their metallic colouring. They are found under stones and bark, in moss or rotten wood, and are, as a rule, nocturnal in their habits. The commoner species are often found crushed in roads and pathways in the morning. They are exceedingly predaceous, and feed on other insects, molluscs, and even earth-worms. In common with other Carabidie, they have the power of ejecting an acrid and caustic fluid from the anus for purposes of defence. ‘The genus is, asa rule, apterous, and the elytra are very often soldered together. The common C. granulatus, however, has the elytra free, and possesses long rudimentary wings, which reach beyond the hind coxe. The larve of Carabus intricatus, violaceus, and cancellatus are figured by Schisdte (Part iii., Pl. xvii., 1, 5, 9). They ‘are rather elongate, with the segments of thorax and abdomen of about equal breadth, those of latter becoming narrower towards apex, and the prothorax being somewhat narrowed in front. The larva of C. intricatus differs considerably from the other two, the head being larger, and the abdominal segments broader and gradually wider behind. The cerci also, although short, are much longer than in the other species. This fact would seem to indicate that C. intricatus rightly belongs to another genus (Chefocarabus, Thoms.). West- wood describes and figures the larva of C. auronitens (Classif., vol. i., p. 67). The pupa, he says, is of an ordinary form, with the abdominal segments rounded at the sides, and furnished on each side with a bunch of hairs; the anal segment is terminated by two conical appendages. These larve are very voracious. I. Elytra with no distinct raised ribs. i. Klytra very strongly rugose longitudinally, without rows of large punctures ; thorax at least as longas broad =. C, inTRICATUS, L. ii. Elytra rather strongly rugose or granulate, with three somewhat obscure rows of large punctures; thorax broader thanlong . . - . - + + ++ + + . C. CATENULATUS, Scop. iii. Elytra finely rugose, granulate, or striated. 1, Elytra with rows of round shallow pores or impressions. A. Colour bronze. Length 20-24mm.. . . . . C. NEMoRaLIs, Miill. B. Colour black. Length 14-16mm. . . . . . OC. convexus, F. 2. Elytra without larger pores or impressions. A. Elytra without metallic side border; thorax strongly tramsverse . . + + 6 6 + + se B. Elytra with metallic (usually blue or red) side border; thorax variable, slightly or not at all transverse. . 2 2 © « «+ » » © « « « « ©, vionacEus, ZL. II. Elytra with three distinctly raised ribs. i. Interstices between ribs filled with regular rows of large round metallic impressions. . . . . + . ~ C, CLATHRATUS, L. C. GraBratus, Payk. ban | Carabus.] ADEPHAGA. ii. Interstices without impressions. 1. Interstices very finely wrinkled, almost smooth ; Jerpired: = ate We? cath wiles et sey be 2) Mei po CO, AURAMOS, 2D, 2. Interstices more coarsely wrinkled ; legs black . . C. NITENS, L. III. Elytra with three rows of oblong raised granules separated from each otber by a single plain ridge, or by rows of three more or less raised lines. i. Ridges single and plain. . . . » »« »« © « «= « ii. Ridges replaced by three plainly raised lines which may be traced almost toapex. . . . .. . . . GC, MONILIS, F iii. Ridges replaced by three rather obsolete raised lines which are confused and evanescent towards apex . . C. ARVENSIS, F. C. intricatus, L. Blue or violet-blue; head large, forehead rugose ; thorax long, sinuate before base, transversely rugose, with a deep central furrow ; elytra long, sides dilated behind middle, strongly sinuate before apex ; legs black, long and slender. L. 24-28 mm. In woods under moss and lichens on trunks of old oaks and other trees, or under bark. Apparently confined to the south-west district bordering on Dartmoor in Devonshire ; Tavistock, Holdsworthy, Ashburton, Bickleigh Vale. About 60 or 70 specimens were taken in this district by Mr. Reading, of Plymouth, some years ago. One specimen, probably accidental, has occurred in a stable at Croydon. C. @ranuatous, LZ. C. catenulatus, Scop. Black, margins of thorax and elytra bluish or reddish-violet; head obsoletely punctured and _strigose ; thorax with lateral margins broad and strongly elevated throughout, dorsal line very shallow; elytra rugose with sixteen or seventeen elevated interrupted lines on each; underside of body and legs black. L. 20-24 lines. Common and widely distributed in England and Scotland, both in lowland and mountainous districts. Local in Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin. CG. nemoralis, Mill. (hortensis, Panz.). Head black, much narrower than thorax; antenne fuscous with base black; thorax bronze or purplish black with lighter metallic margins; elytra rather broad, oblong ovate, brassy, coppery, or green, with three series of large metallic punctures, the rest of the body rugose ; underside and legs black. L. 20-24 mm. Common and widely distributed in England and Ireland. Abundant in Scotland, Lowlands only. C. convexus, F. Somewhat like C. glabratus, but much smaller, deep black with the margins of thorax and elytra more or less cyaneous ; head with a deep impression on each side; thorax nearly quadrate, plainly but rather shallowly rugose with fine central furrow; elytra short, ovate, closely and regularly striated, with narrow elevated inter- stices ; underside black. L. 14-16 mm. Very doubtful as British. Mr. Matthews has a specimen said to have been taken by Holme in Winstanley Park, Lancashire, in Sept. 1836, but its authenticity appears very doubtful. There is, however, no specimen existing that is more authentic, and the best plan would be to strike the species provisionally off the British list. C. glabratus, Payk. Entirely black, smooth; head with a 8 ADEPHAGA. [Carabus. fovea on each side behind antennz ; thorax transverse, rugose, with central furrow almost obsolete ; elytra oblong-ovate, very convex, finely rugose longitudinally ; underside of body shining black, sides rugose ; legs black. L. 22-24 mm. A mountain species North Wales, Snowdon, Cader Idris. Hills above Langdale, Westmoreland. Scotland, Rannoch, Braemar, Mull, &e. Ireland, near Belfast, Lough Bray. Always a local and scarce insect. C. violaceus, L. Elongate; head black; thorax varying in size, sometimes distinctly transverse, sometimes as long as broad, with rather obsolete central furrow; dise transversely rugose, black with lateral margins cyaneous or violaceous; elytra elongate, narrow at shoulders, broader behind, finely rugose or granulate, black with margins bright red, blue, purple, or coppery ; underside and legs black. L. 24 mm. Common in England and Scotland ; apparently local in Ireland; Armagh, Antrim. The insects that have been introduced as C. purpurascens, F., are a variety of this species. Pithe var. exasperatus found in the Isle of Portland, New Forest, &c., is very distinct. The granulation of the elytra is much coarser, and they exhibit traces of raised lines more or less distinct. Mr. Mason, of Burton-on-Trent, and Mr. J. J. Walker have lately taken examples of this variety in the old locality. Cc. clathratus, L. Head black with an oblong furrow on each side; thorax short with a plain central furrow, disc brassy black ; elytra wide and convex, greenish or brassy or sometimes blackish, with three ribs on each; interstices with deep round red or golden im- pressions ; underside and legs black. L. 22-28 mm. Said to have occurred in Norfolk in 1809 (Steph.). Scotland local, but rather widely distributed Lowlands and Highlands, Clyde, Argyle, Dee, Sutherland ; abundant in Mull, Hebrides, &. Ireland, Enniskerry; Teelin Bay, Donegal ; West- port. Cc. auratus, L. Colour brilliant metallic green with a golden reflection; mouth and first-four joints of antennz yellow or reddish yellow ; thorax broad, very transverse ; elytra strongly emarginate just before apex, with three raised ridges on each, interstices almost smooth ; legs red, femora often darker. L. 20-22 mm. Very abundant in France, where it does great service in destroying the grubs of the cockchater. Very doubtfully indigenous in Britain. Examples are often taken in and near the London markets, that have evidently been imported with vegetables, &e. A small colony was found in 1863 by Dr. Power and Mr. Brewer, between Hythe and Sandgate, under circumstances that seemed to prove them natives, but as Mr. Walton had some years before turned a batch loose at Dover, in the hope of their establishing themselves, they may have owed their origin to these. Recorded also from Lough Bray in Ireland, but very doubtful, and also from the banks of a tributary of the Clyde, near Glasgow. (Vide Ent. Ann., 1864, 32.) C. nitens, L. The smallest but perhaps the handsomest of the British Carabi ; head and thorax as a rule brilliant coppery-red, some- times greenish; elytra shining metallic green with bright coppery Carabus. | ADEPHAGA. 9 margins, and suture and three raised ribs on each black or obscurely brassy ; underside and legs black. L. 14-16 mm. New Forest (Brockenhurst, &c.), Bournemouth, Poole; Yorkshire ; North Lincola- shire ; Cannock Chase ; Charnwood Forest; Durham. Scotland local, Arran, Ayrshire. Ireland, near Belfast. Usually found on heaths and commons. Cc. granulatus, L. (cancellatus, Steph. Cat.). Rather depressed, fuscous brassy, greenish, or almost black, occasionally slightly violaceous ; head narrow, finely punctured ; thorax transverse with central furrow distinct ; elytra almost parallel-sided until towards apex, each with three elevated lines divided by rows of large oblong granules ; underside and legs black. L. 16-20 mm. Marshy places, in rotten willows, or under pond refuse; common and widely dis- tributed throughout the kingdom. Next to this species comes C. cancellatus, Ill. (granulatus, Steph. Cat.) (fig. Steph. Ill. Pl. iv. 1), distinguished by its larger size, more convex elytra, brighter colouring, larger granules on elytra, and by having the femora and first joint of antennz red. Although recorded as British, it is a very doubtful species, and requires further confirmation. C. monilis, F. Green, coppery, or occasionally entirely vio- laceous or even blackish; thorax with sides very little rounded and plain central furrow ; elytra with three rows of granules separated from one another by three raised lines; underside and legs shining black. L. 22-26 mm Common and generally distributed in the middle and south of England; also recorded from the northern counties. Scotland, only once recorded by Murray as from Granton, near Edinburgh. Ireland, near Dublin and Armagh. The var. consitus differs from the type in having the central of the three lines that separate the rows of granules on the elytra more strongly raised, and the two others obsolete. It is rather rare, but has occurred at Dover, Chatham, Tonbridge, and other places. Cc. arvensis, F. Smaller than the preceding species ; colour very variable, greenish, reddish, coppery, violaceous, or dark brassy ; thorax narrower than in the preceding species, with the sides more contracted behind middle ; elytra with three rows of granules on each separated by three raised lines, which are much less elevated and more obsolete than in C. monilis ; underside and legs black. L. 16-20 mm. Local, but not uncommon in spring on sandy heaths. Wimbledon Common, New Forest, Dean Forest, Bournemouth, Derbyshire Moors, Charnwood Forest, Snowdon, Lake District. Scotland common, Highlands; local near Glasgow. Ireland, near Belfast ; Rathmullan, co. Donegal. CALOSOMA, Webcr. This genus comprises a considerable number of species, which are widely distributed throughout the world. In Europe, however, the number of species of Carabus far exceeds that of Calosoma. In North America the reverse is the case, although the disproportion between the 10 ADEPHAGA. [ Calosoma. genera is not nearly so marked. The species are easily distinguished by their peculiar facies, which is due to their short transverse thorax and very broad and comparatively short elytra. They possess ample wings. Some species live in the open country, but as a rule they are found on trees in woods where they hunt their food, which consists largely of the larve of Lepidoptera. There is nothing remarkable about the larve, which much resemble in form those of Carabus ; that of C. sycophanta is black, subdepressed, and fleshy, with the upper surface of each segment and the head more scaly ; the last segment bears two horny spines. In France they feed voraciously on the larve of the Proces- sionary caterpillar, the 1avages of which they are very useful in checking. They will also devour one another. Lateral border of thorax obliterated before base; male with the first four joints of the anterior tarsi pubescent beneath . C. inguisitor, L. Lateral border of thorax prolonged to base; male with the first three joints of anterior tarsi pubescent beneath . . . . . C. sycophanta, LD. C. inquisitor, L. Head coppery, sometimes greenish, produced in front; thorax very short, dilated at sides, and contracted towards base, coppery with greenish margins, rugose, with central furrow, and two large fovew at base; elytra broad, dilated behind, coppery with brilliant green margins, regularly striate longitudinally, and irregularly striate horizontally, presenting the appearance of being divided into a number of small raised squares ; each elytron with three series of pores ; underside greenish and coppery ; legs black. L. 16-20 mm. On oaks in woods, sometimes at sugar; Dean Forest; Buddon Wood and Seal Wood, Leicestershire; New Forest ; Bagley Wood, Oxon; Darenth Wood ; recorded by Stephens from Norwood and Dulwich; Ireland, Powerscourt ; not recorded from Scotland. Cc. sycophanta, L. Head small, blue black, extended in front ; thorax very short, strongly rounded at sides and contracted towards base, dark green with a bluish or violaceous tinge, with shallow central line and shallow fovex at base ; elytra rich golden green with coppery reflections, very broad, somewhat acuminate towards apex, deeply striated, interstices with transverse scratches, with three series of large impressions on the third, seventh, and eleventh striw; underside of a dark bluish colour ; legs black. L. 22-28 mm. This beautiful species is not really a native, but only an occasional visitant ; it has been found rather often on the south-east coast at Deal, Dover, Folkestone, Herne Bay, and Gravesend; it has also occurred in the Isle of Wight and at Plymouth; one example was recorded from the Irish coast in 1815, but this is very doubtful. My specimen was taken at Hastings in 1858, running on the pathway, by a collector living in the place. NEBRIINA. I. Sutural stria of elytra widely separated from second; head witb eyes very large, forehead and clypeus suleate . . . NOTIOPHILUS, Dum. II. Inner stria of elytra equidistant ; head normal, forehead and clypeus simple. Nebriina.] ADEPHAGA. 11 i, Mandibles dilated at the sides into a horizontal plate, maxilla at base furnished with spine-bearing processes . LeIstus, Frdéhl. ii. Mandibles stout, not dilated at the sides, maxillz merely setose at base. 1. Anterior tarsi of male feebly dilated . . . . . . Nesrta, Latr. 2. Anterior tarsi of male broadly dilated . . . . . . Prtopuita, Dej. NOTIOPHILUS, Duméril. The genus Notiophilus includes a number of small, bright bronze insects, remarkable for their large eyes, sulcate heads, and the smooth space near the suture of the elytra; they run very swiftly. Two or three of the species are among our commonest insects, and may be seen from early spring to late autumn running on the roads or pathways in the open country or in damp places in woods. M. Bedel (Faune des Colé- optéres du bassin de la Seine, p. 18) raises this genus to the rank of a tribe. The larva of Notiophilus biguttatus is figured by Schiddte (iii. Pl. xiii. 12). The head is long and large and produced in front, with very long and powerful mandibles ; the anterior part of the clypeus is produced into a bifurcate horn; the prothorax is sub- quadrate, somewhat narrower than the head; the rest of the segments are of about equal breadth, becoming gradually narrower behind until the ninth, which is much narrowed, and bears two long pilose cerci ; the upper surface is somewhat scabrose, and the corneous portions are finely reticulate and furnished scantily with short sete. These larvz are very active ; according to Schiédte the larva of W. biguttatus may often be seen running on the trunks of trees in the sunshine; that of WV. aquaticus lives in damp places near lakes and rivers, and in general appearance much resembles a small Pederus. I. Apex of elytra obscurely yellow. i. Sides of thorax sinuate towards base; elytra with one pore only on the middle third. 1. Form broader; punctuation stronger. . . . 2. Form narrower ; punctuation weaker. . . . ii. Sides of thorax straight ; elytra with two pores on themniddle third? "fir ete ks. se ete wate II. Apex of elytra without trace of yellow colour. i, Tibiw entirely dark bronze. . . . . . ss ii, Tibiz testaceous. 1. Apex of elytra shining; femora entirely dark bronzes. se ee sw sl Ce es hs 6, BADUSTRIB, Duff, 2. Apex of elytra dull; femora broadly reddish ._N. RUFIPES, Curt. . BIGUTTATUS, F. . SUBSTRIATUS, Wat. - QUADRIGUTTATUS, Dej. A mA wa - AQuaTicts, LZ. N. biguttatus, Fab. Shining bronze above, greenish black beneath, rather more depressed and parallel than the other species, except JV. substriatus ; antenne with first four joints reddish ; thorax short with the sides very slightly rounded immediately below the an- terior angles, and then obliquely sloped towards the base, which is broader than in the other species ; elytra broad, sides parallel, with stric continued to apex, each with three impressions between the second and third striz, one of which is at the base, another at apex, and the third near tlfe middle; legs bronze black, tibie more or less testaceous. L. 43-5 mm. Abundant everywhere throughout the kingdom, 12 ADEPHAGA, [ Notiophilus. N. substriatus, Wat. (/iguttatus, var. y., Daws.). Resembles the preceding, but is smaller and narrower with the punctuation much feebler, the punctured striz being sometimes nearly obsolete, or even entirely obliterated before apex; the interstices between the suture and the first, and between the second and seventh striz are exceedingly finely shagreened, which gives an opaqueness to those parts contrasting strongly with the broad glabrous space between the first and second striz ; the colour invariably is lighter and more brassy. L. 4 mm. Local, but widely distributed, and probably very often overlooked ; Croydon and other places in the London district; Deal; Repton; Lincoln; Devonshire; Scotland, local Lowlands, Kirealdy, &c. N. quadriguttatus, Dej. Resembles N. biguttatus, of which it is commonly considered to be a variety, but differs by having two pores on the middle third of the elytra instead of one, placed near one another ; this, however, is not always a constant distinction, for specimens have been recorded which have two pores on one side and one on the other ; the thorax, however, has the sides almost straight to base, and is more strongly sculptured than in WN. biguttatus, which has the sides of the thorax more or less plainly sinuate. L. 45 mm. Rare. Sandy places. West Wickham; Tunbridge Wells; Redhill; Reigate. It is yet a question whether this may not be an uncommon variety of NV. biguttatus, as the latter has the thorax rather variable in shape; it seems, however, to have as good a claim to specific rank as NV. substriatus. N. aquaticus, L. Brassy, occasionally dark bluish-black; an- tenn black with basal joints red beneath; thorax broadest in front with sides very slightly rounded and sinuate; elytra oblong, much wider than thorax, sides somewhat parallel; strie well marked, gradually be- coming feebler behind middle, two only being carried to apex ; between the third and fourth there is a deep pore a little before middle, and there is also a smaller one at apex. Legs entirely dark bronze. L. 47 mm. Common and widely distributed. N. palustris, Duft. Closely resembles the preceding, with which it was united by Gyllenhal and Dejean; it is, however, shorter and narrower ; the antenne have the three basal joints entirely testaceous ; the thorax is shorter with the sides more rounded in front and more contracted behind, and the lateral margins and base less depressed ; the elytra are shorter and very distinctly narrowed in front, and the tibize are testaceous. L. 4 mm. Ratber local, though by no means uncommon in England; local in Scotland, Lowlands; Ireland, common near Dublin. Usually common where it occurs, N. rufipes, Curt. Rather more coppery than the other species of the genus ; thorax rather strongly contracted behind ; elytra very smooth, slightly ochreous and dull at apex; strie of elytra well marked, continued to apex ; between the second and third strie there is a deep Notiophilus. | ADEPHAGA. 13 pore, and another near apex; antenne and legs pale ferruginous, base of former lighter than the remainder, L. 43 mm. Rare. London district: Highgate, Lewisham, Shirley, Greenwich Park, Darenth, Gravesend; Coombe Wood; Reigate; Tonbridge; Walton-on-Naze; Colchester ; Hunstanton. LEISTUS, Fréhlich. The species of Leistus as a rule inhabit cold and mountainous coun- tries, although some are found in warmer latitudes; they are found at the roots of trees and under stones and bark, and are often taken by sweeping in damp places; their most notable characteristic is the peculiar formation of the maxillz and ligula, the latter being prominent, narrowed at the top, and then trifurcate. We possess about a quarter of the European species. The larve of Leistus rufomarginatus, rufescens, and ferrugineus, and the pupa of L. rufescens, are figured by Schiodte (iii., Pl. xv. Fig. 1, 2, 7,10). The head is large with long and slender mandibles, and is joined to the thorax by a narrow neck; the clypeus is produced into a strong bifurcate horn, bearing spinous processes; the prothorax is longer than broad, narrowed in front; the dorsal shields of the meso- and meta-thorax are very convex with large muscular impressions, those of the abdominal segments flatter with a small round impression on each side; the anal process varies in the species, being larger in Z. rufescens than L. spinibarbis ; the cerci and legs are long and rather slender ; the colour varies in the several species, being pale, with the shields more or less dark, with or without a metallic reflection. I. Upper side metallic (bluish or greenish). i. Lateral margins of thorax broad. 1. Extreme edge of lateral margins of thorax red . . I. SPINIBARBIS, F. 2. Lateral margins of thorax entirely red . . . . . Li. MonTanus, Steph. ii. Lateral margins of thorax narrow. . . . . . . LL, FULVIBARBIS, Dej. II. Upper side not metallic (reddish or pitchy). i. Headand thorax concolorous . .. . . . . . . WL, FERRUGINEUS, Z. Die veleadDlack eee ep ets we tel et See fe) sw. Ln (RUESCENS. Ae L. spinibarbis, F. Broad and rather flat; colour bright blue, sometimes with a greenish tinge; thorax with the sides dilated and rounded in front, contracted behind, with a distinct impressed central line, disc smooth, margins all punctured ; elytra wide, rounded at apex, with deep punctured striz ; underside black, legs black, tarsi red; in immature examples the legs and margins of thorax are entirely red. L. 8 mm. Widely distributed throughout the country, in the northern as well as the midland and southern districts; not recorded in the Scotch list; Ireland, near Belfast. L. montanus, Steph. Very like the common L. fulvibarbis, but known at once by its more elongate structure, and especially by the form of the thorax (fig. Dawson, Geod. Brit. i, Fig. 5), which is narrower, more depressed and elongated ; the lateral margins are wider and are entirely red ; the elytra are brighter blue, longer in proportion, with sides more parallel, and more finely striated and punctured ; legs red, dusky at apex of femora, L. 7 mm. 14 ADEPHAGA. [Leistus. A rare species, attached to mountainous districts. Lake district, Cumberland, &c. ; Skiddaw ; Cheviots; Scotland, Highlands, Tweed, Forth, Moray, Tay; Ireland, Croagh Patrick, Mangerton, &e. L. fulvibarbis, Dej. Dark blue, sometimes almost black; thorax short, very strongly rounded at sides and contracted towards base with side margins narrow and but slightly raised; elytra rather wide with very deep and strongly punctured strie ; legs red, base of femora often darker. L. 64-7} mm. Very common in England; Scotland, local, Lowlands; Ireland, near Dublin and Belfast. L. ferrugineus, L. (spinilabris, Panz.). Upper side entirely lighter or darker red-brown ; thorax short, very strongly rounded at sides and contracted to base, with posterior angles sharp right angles ; elytra long oval with deep and strongly punctured striz#, which hecome shallower at sides, but are always traceable; legs testaceous. L. 6 mm. Rather common in England; Scotland, only recorded as Scotch by A. Murray, ‘not uncommon at Pressmenan, Lammermuir Hills ;” Ireland, apparently very local. L. rufescens, F. (ferminatus, Panz.). Rather darker than the preceding ; sometimes with thorax and elytra entirely dark piceous ; easily distinguished from ZL. ferrugineus by its black head and the blunter angles of the thorax; the elytra are rather wider than in that species, and the striz are feebler and almost obsolete at the sides ; legs testaceous. L. 6 mm. This species seems more attached to damp places at the roots of grass than the preceding, and is very often taken by sweeping; it is local but not uncommon throughout the country; Scotland, scarce, Lowlands; Ireland, very local, Armagh, Antrim, NEBRIA, Laireille. This genus comprises the old genus Helobia, Curtis, and at one time included Pelophila, Dej., as well ; the species are very numerous, and are widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. The species of Nebria proper are for the most part inhabitants of the sea coast, while the species of Helobia (represented in our fauna by J. brevi- collis and WN. Gyllenhalii) are inland insects: this does not, however, always hold good. They vary considerably in structure, but for the most part are remarkable for their short thorax, which has the sides strongly contracted towards base as in Leistus. As a rule the species belonging to the sub-genus Helobia are dark-coloured ; some, however, e.g. NV’. catenulata and N, metallica, are very brightly tinted with iridescent metallic colours. The larva of W. brevicollis is figured by Schiddte (Part iii., Pl. xiv. 1), and it is also described by Blisson (Ann. Fr, 1848, 73). It is dark brown or Iuteous above and straw-coloured below ;* the head is somewhat orbicular, not as broad as prothorax, to which it is joined by a rather long and distinct neck ; the prothorax is transverse, and bears a large finely margined shield which nearly covers its whole surface ; the dorsal abdominal shields are not margined; the ninth abdominal segment is very short, almost hidden, and the anal appendage is long and cylindrical; the cerci are Nebria.| ADEPHAGA, 15 long, with long outstanding hairs, and furnished with minute setigerous tubercles ; tarsal claws very unequal; the larva is very active, and is found in damp and shady places. I. Thorax entirely or partially reddish or testaceous. i. Head testaceous; elytra testaceous with wavy dark THALKINS MEE ene rs Sent eelas st hs © ON: COMPLANATA, DZ, ii. Head black; elytra black with testaceous margins. N. trvipa, Ff. II. Thorax black. i. Antenne and palpired . . . . . . +. + ~ N. BRreviconis, F. ii. Antenne and palpi blackish . . . . . . . « N. GYLDENHALII, Schaum. N. complanata, L. Broad, and entirely pale ochreous yellow, with inside of mandibles and two very irregular bands on elytra black ; thorax narrow, moderately contracted at base with acute posterior angles, with a transverse impression in front and behind, united by a faint dorsal line; elytra oblong, rather flat, testaceous with deep strie not very evi- dently punctured ; legs testaceous, femora sometimes slightly darker. L. 18-20 mm. On sandy coasts under refuse, &c. Devonshire, Barnstaple, Bideford, Wool- ocombe sands near I]fracombe ; Wales, Swansea (rather common), Tenby (very rare) ; also recorded from Lincolnshire coast, but I have never heard of one being captured in this county; Ireland, one dead specimen found on the Arklow sands by Mr. Furlong and recorded by Mr. Haliday. Also lately taken by Mr. W. de Vismes Kane at Courtown, co. Wexford. The Welsh specimens are of a lighter colour than the Devonshire ones. N. livida, F. Smaller, narrower and more elongate than the preceding; head black, mouth-parts and antenne testaceous. Thorax testaceous, with the anterior and posterior margins black, very trans- verse, rather strongly contracted at base, anterior angles produced, posterior angles obtuse but well marked, lateral margins broadly re- flexed and punctured ; elytra oblong, depressed, black with testaceous margins, with sides almost parallel, and deep, punctate strie; legs and extreme apex of abdomen testaceous. L. 14-16 mm. Very local. Cromer ; Scarborough, Bridlington, and Filey ; it occurs in abundance in the crevices of the clay cliffs on the Yorkshire coast at the two first of these three localities. I have never found more than one or two under refuse on the shore, and these were evidently stray specimens. It has also been taken at Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, by Mr. Garneys and Mr. J. Harris; this is a very remarkable locality for this usually maritime insect. N. brevicollis, F. (cursor, Mill.). Rather flat, black, antenne red ; thorax short, strongly contracted behind, with broad and coarsely punctured margins; elytra rather broad and parallel-sided with deep and strongly punctured striz ; legs red, femora sometimes pitchy black. L. 9-12 mm. Very abundant and widely distributed ; one of our commonest British insects. N. Gyllenhalii, Sch. (hyperborea, Gyll.). Smaller and narrower than the preceding with the antenne dark; the underside of the breast is finely punctured, whereas in JN. brevicollis this part is coarsely punctured ; the legs as a rule are black, but occasionally they are en- tirely red ; elytra oblong with shoulders narrower and more rounded 16 ADEPHAGA. [Nebria. than in the preceding species: occasionally varieties occur with the elytra entirely rust red. L. 83-93 mm. A very common mountain species, frequenting the banks of streams and rivulets and damp places amongstones. Derbyshire ; Lake District; Wales ; Scotland, High- lands; Ireland (mountainous districts); the variety with red legs is said to be common on Snowdon. PELOPHILA, Dejean. This genus comprises very few species, which are mostly confined to Northern Asia; it forms the transition from the Nebriina to the Ela- phrina, the structure of the mouth closely resembling that of MVebria, while its general form connects it closely with Blethisa. P. borealis, Payk. Brassy black or brassy ; palpi and antennze black ; thorax short, sides strongly rounded and contracted to base, posterior angles acute, anterior and posterior margins strongly punctured, central furrow distinct ; elytra much broader than thorax, with sides slightly rounded, striz shallow, often almost obsolete at sides, the third interstice with four or five very large round impressions, and the fifth with two to five, the number varying in different specimens or even on different elytra of the same insect. Legs black, sometimes more or less ferruginous. L. 8-11 mm. Under stones or running in the sun by the side of lakes, &e.; not recorded from England or Wales. Scotland, Orkney Islands. Ireland, rather widely distributed, and common where it occurs ; Killarney ; near Belfast ; Lough Neagh. I have just (Oct. 1885) received a large series from Lowry’s Lough, near Armagh, from Rev, W. F. Johnson; the Irish examples are more brassy than the Scotch, ELAPHRINA, I. Side margins of elytra continued as far as scutellum ; thorax with lateral margins wide. . . . 2. 1. ». «+ © «© « - II. Side margins of elytra not continued at base; thorax with very narrow lateral margins . . . . . . . + . + + « ELAPHRUS, F, Brernisa, Bon. BLETHISA, Bonelli. The genus Blethisa comprises about a dozen species confined to the northern hemisphere. B. multipunctata, L. Brownish or greenish brassy; thorax broader than the head, a little broader than long, subquadrate, very slightly narrowed towards base, posterior angles acute, base broad and with a deep punctured fovea on each side, side margins very wide ; elytra broad, rather parallel-sided, with greenish margins, strie rather irregular, finely punctured, interstices convex, the third and fifth in- terrupted with from three to five large shining impressions ; legs brassy black. L. 11 mm. Local and rather rare, but widely distributed ; in marshy places or on the banks of streams and rivers under stones, &c., or running in the sun. Cambridgeshire Fens; Blethisa.] ADEPHAGA. 17 Askham Bog, York; Repton; Lincoln; Carlisle; rare in the London district ; Essex ; Slapton Ley, Devonshire. Scotland local, Lowlands; also taken at Braemar. Treland, near Belfast. ELAPHRUS, Fabricius. The species of this genus (about thirty in number) are confined to the northern hemisphere. In the shape of their head, large prominent eyes, general contour, and the rapidity of their movements they bear a close resemblance to the Cicindelide ; they are found in damp places, on the mud at the margins of streams and rivers, running with great swiftness in the sunshine. The larva of Elaphrus cupreus is figured by Schiodte (iii, Pl. xiii., Fig, 2). It is linear, slightly fusiform, with a subquadrate head fastened to the thorax by a very broad neck; the clypeus is serrate and has the centre sharply elevated into a short, sharp, conical horn ; the shields of the thorax and of all the dorsal segments of abdo- men are margined, shortly pilose, and furnished with erect sete; the cylindrical anal appendage is twice as long as the ninth segment, and the cerci are comparatively short and thick, a little bent, and somewhat branched, furnished with long outstanding hairs; the larva is white with the head and dorsal shields of thorax and abdomen metallic; the legs are yellowish, with strong claws of equal length. I, Tibia testaceous, i. Male with three first joints of anterior tarsi dilated ; elytra with one polished raised granule near suture especially conspicuous . . . - .- . «+ «+ + ss ii. Male with four first joints of anterior tarsi dilated ; elytra with four polished raised granules near suture about equally conspicuous . . .. .. =... . E.cupREUS, Duft. Il. Tibia dark. i. Sculpture of elytra distinct. L.7mm. .. . . . E, untarnosus, F. ii, Sculpture of elytra indistinct, L.Q9mm.. . . . . E. Lapponicus, Gy/ll. E. Rrparivs, LD. E. riparius, L. Upper side coppery with a strong metallic green tinge ; antenne greenish at base, the upper joints fuscous and pubescent ; thorax narrowed in front and behind, densely punctured, with a dorsal line dividing and usually forming a Y in front; elytra broad, very densely punctured with four rows of shallow ocellate fove ; near the suture is a conspicuous polished granule, and traces of smaller ones towards apex ; tarsi and femora metallic green, tibie testaceous. L. 6-7 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout England ; abundant in the Lowlands of Scotland, but not recorded from the Highlands. Ireland, near Dublin and Belfast. E. cupreus, Duft. Brownish brassy with a purplish tinge on the elytra ; antennz black, basal joints with a metallic tinge ; thorax rather long, somewhat coarsely punctured, with strong Y-shaped furrow on centre of disc, posterior angles very acute and prominent ; elytra broad, with four rows of shallow, coarsely punctured, ocellate fovee, usually of a purple colour, with a longitudinal raised granule between each pair, c 18 ADEPHAGA. [Elaphrus. those at the side being indistinct; femora and tarsi metallic, tibie testaceous. L. 8 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. E. uliginosus, Fabr. Very like the preceding, but easily dis- tinguished by its black tibize and greenish colour; the thorax is shorter and narrower in front, with the sides much more strongly dilated and rounded in the middle, and the punctuation much more distinct; the elytra have the large ocellate fovez, as a rule, shallower and smaller. L. 73-8 mm. Local and rather rare; Cambridgeshire Fens; Swansea; Devonshire; Weston, Oxfordshire; Repton; near Croydon; Coombe Wood. Scotland, scarce; Tay, Dee, Solway ; has occurred in some numbers at Rannoch. E. Lapponicus, Gyll. Very variable in colour, brassy green, coppery red, bluish, crimson, or darkly coloured; head longitudinally rugose behind, antenne black with the base metallic ; thorax rather long- with the sides not strongly rounded and only moderately contracted he- hind, posterior angles only slightly prominent, dorsal furrow rather obsolete in some specimens, strongly marked in others; elytra oblong ovate, longer than in any of the preceding species, sculpture and markings on the same plan, but much less pronounced, and often very indistinct ; lees entirely dark, more or less metallic. L. 9 mm. Rare ; a mountain species ; found chiefly in the Scotch Highlands, Tay, Dee, Hebri- des; taken on the Catlaw and Clova Mountains in Forfarshire, at Braemar, &c.; has also occurred on Skiddaw (J. T. Harris). The genus Omophron, once reputed as British, appears to bear a close relationship in many points to the Hlaphrina, notably in the structure of its mouth organs, and in the similarity of some of its habits. In general form it much resembles a Huliplus, and this, coupled with its habitat in wet sand near the margins of streams or ponds, has led many people to consider it as a connecting link between the Carabide and Dytiscide : on a close examination of its structure, however, its proper position appears to be near Hlaphrus. Erichson, followed by Gemminger and v. Harold (Munich Catalogue, i. p. 42), Horn, and others, places it at the head of the Carabide series. Gyllenhal placed it near Loricera. The larva is very peculiar, resembling a young Gryllotalpa, and being remarkable for its very large convex prothorax, and long stout legs. LORICERINA. The Loricerina are closely connected with the Nebriina and Elaphrina, and on the other side show in many points an affinity to the Panageina. LORICERA, Laitreille. This genus comprises a small number of species, which, with one or two exceptions, are confined to the northern hemisphere. Our single Loricera. | ADEPHAGA. 19 species, which is also the only one found in Europe, is remarkable for the long hairs borne by the second to the sixth joints of the antenne. The larva of Loricera pilicornis (figured by Schiédte, iii., Pl. xiv., Fig. 8) is one of the most remarkable of the Carabideous larve; the head is round, rather broader than long, with large mandibles and very peculiar maxillary palpi, the stipites being, as Schiddte observes, “stupendz magnitudinis ;” this term also applies to the cerci, which are as long as all the abdominal segments together ; the muscular impressions of the meso- and meta-thorax are very conspicuous : the membranous portions of the body are white, while the corneous portions (which are much softer than is usual), together with the cerci, are black ; the larva is very active; the pupa, also figured by Schiodte, is as abnormal as the larva, L. pilicornis, F, Brassy or brassy black, sometimes with a greenish reflection ; head short and wide, eyes globose and prominent, antennz fuscous black, first jomt smooth, reddish at base, joints 2-6 set with long rigid hairs; thorax rounded in front, contracted behind middle, posterior angles obtuse, with a well-marked central furrow, and rather strong lateral margins; elytra rather broad with twelve striz composed of fine regular punctures, with three large impressed fovee on the third and fourth strize ; femora dark, tibiz and tarsi testaceous. Very common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom, except in the extreme north of Scotland: it is found on the borders of rivers and streams, at the roots of trees, and in various other situations. SCARITINA. The Scaritina comprise a considerable number of genera and a great many species: they are distinguished by having the elytra separated from the thorax bya more or less distinct peduncle, by their short antennz, which are often elbowed, and by the broad, strong, palmate or dentate anterior tibiz, with which they dig and burrow in the sand or sandy earth in which they live ; their colour for the most part is black or bronze. Some of the species are very large, but these, as a rule, are inhabitants of the New World; our species are small, and we do not possess a single Scarites proper. I. Thorax more or less quadrate ; side border of thorax pro- longed to meet basal margin . . - . Curivina, Lafr, II. Thorax globose ; side border of thorax evanescent towards AES aise ie 1S i-nlee, aates Fs - . . Dyscuirivs, Bon. CLIVINA, Laitreille. This genus contains over 200 species, which are widely distributed over the surface of the globe ; they are almost all blackish or reddish- brown ; they are found in damp places, on the banks of streams, &c., under stones or refuse, in galleries or burrows which they dig in the sandy ground or mud. I. Thorax and elytra unicolorous pitchy black ; elytra elongate but not parallel-sided . . . C. Fossor, LZ, Il. Thorax pitchy black ; elytra ferraginows ely ‘tra parallel- RIdEdy cert cts Bac 3 6@o ae - . C.coniarts, Herbst. c 2 20 ADEPHAGA. [ Clivina. C. fossor, L. Pitchy black, with the margins of the elytra and the suture sometimes pitchy red; thorax nearly quadrate, broadest behind at the posterior angles, disc more or less transversely strigose; elytra elongate, dilated behind middle, with strong punctured strie, the third with four larger impressions ; legs ferruginous. L. 6 mm. Common in England and Ireland. Scotland, abundant, Lowlands. C. collaris, Herbst. Smaller narrower and more elongate in pro- portion than the preceding; head and thorax pitchy, elytra ferruginous ; head shorter and rounder ; thorax more quadrate, less dilated at the pos- terior angles, and with disc smoother; elytra narrower. The distinctive characters that separate this insect, although slight, are very constant. L. 53 mm. Local but not uncommon in England, and Scotland, Lowlands. DYSCHIRIUWS, Bonelli. The species of this genus, about 125 in number, inhabit for the most part temperate regions; very few are found within the tropics ; they are usually of a bronze colour, brilliantly shining, although specimens are often taken of a black or dark-brown colour without any metallic tint. Our species are among the smallest of our Carabide ; they burrow in sandy places on the sea coast or on the banks of ponds or streams; they are nearly always found in company with different species of Bledius, which in all stages seem to be their natural prey. The larva of Dyschirius thoracicus is described by Thomson (Skand. Col. i., p. 187), and is figured by Schiddte (iii., Pl. xviii., Fig. 17). It is about 6 mm. long, ferru- ginous, with the head and upper side of thorax darker; the head is quadrate with serrated clypeus and strong mandibles ; the prothorax is quadrate, of the same breadth as the head ; the whole larva is parallel-sided, the abdominal segments from the seventh becoming narrower; the conical anal appendage is about as long as the ninth segment, and the cerci are very short, not as long as the anal appendage; the mus- cular impressions of the first seven abdominal segments are very strong; the upper surface of the body is depressed, smooth and shining, and covered with small erect sete. The lurve, like the perfect insects, are found on the sandy shores of the sea, lakes, or rivers, devouring the larve of Bledii and Heteroceri. The species are very hard to distinguish in many cases; the chief points to be noticed are the shape of the elytra, whether ovate or eylin- drical, the punctuation or absence of punctuation of the striez, and the dentation of the exterior side of the front tibia. I. Strie of elytra prolonged to apex. i. Anterior margin of clypeus with a central tooth (distinct in male, sometimes feeble in female). 1. Interspaces of thorax and elytra smooth ; striz of elytra finely and plainly punctured. . . D. THORACICUS, Rossi. 2. Interspaces of thorax alutaceous; strim of elytra strong, almost impunctate . . . . D. opscurus, Gyll. ii. Anterior margin of thorax without central tooth. 1, Teeth on outer side of anterior tibie indistinct. A. Interstices of elytra convex; strie deep, almost impunetate . . . . . . . . D. IMpuNcTIPENNIS, Daws. Dyschirius.] ADEPHAGA. 21 B. Interstices of elytra flat; stria plainly punctured. a. Lateral border of elytra ceasing at shoulder or very indistinctly prolonged. a* Elytra narrow, cylindrical, with striz finer and punctures wider apart . . D. Ppoxirus, Dej. b* Elytra oblong, with striae coarser and punctures nearer together . . D. nitipus, Dej. b. Lateral border of elytra clearly prolonged from shoulder in a fine raised line to peduncle; elytra cylindrical . . D, EXTENSUS, Putz. 2. At least the lower tooth on the outer side of the anterior tibia distinct. A. Lateral margin of elytra pees from shoulder. . . D. anaustatTts, Ahr. B. Lateral margin of elytra ‘hot or very ‘feebly prolonged from shoulder, a. Thorax somewhat pear 3 elytra cylindrical . . D. satinvs, Schaum. b. Thorax almost circular ; “elytra oblong ovate. . D, ZNEUS, Dej. II. Dorsal strie on elytra effaced on sides and towards apex; sutural stria shortened at base, entire at apex; species verysmall. . . . .. . . . . D.q@uososus, Herbst. D. thoracicus, Rossi. Shining bronze, sometimes shining black or dull black, occasionally reddish ; head small, deeply furrowed on each side between the eyes ; mouth parts (except tips of mandibles), basal joint of antennz and base of two next joints red ; clypeus with three teeth, the central one more or less distinct; thorax very globose with a strong dorsal furrow deepest at base; elytra ovate, slightly narrowed in front with rounded shoulders, with rather fine and distinctly punctured striz, the third interstice with two or three impressions, marginal stria reach- ing beyond humeral angle; anterior tibie acutely dentate externally, with the apical tooth largest ; legs more or less ferruginous, femora (especially the anterior pair) darker, or quite black. L. 3 mm. Sandy places on the coast ; under stones or in damp places; Bridlington in pro- fusion in company with Bledius arenarius; Chesil Beach; Kent (not common) ; Newcastle-on-Tyne ; and many other places. Scotland only recorded from one locality, Aberlady, where it is common. Ireland, near Dublin. D. obscurus, Gyll. This species appears to come very close to the preceding, of which it has been considered a variety. Gyllenhal, in his description (Insect. Suec. iv. 456), describes it as exceedingly like D. thoracicus, but shorter, smaller, with the antenne and legs more rufous and with the strie of the elytra scarcely punctured. Dawson (Geod. Brit. p. 29) compares it with D. salinus, and says that it is shorter and narrower than that insect, and may be recognized by its elongate and cylindric form, and more especially by the deeply impressed striz on the elytra, which are entirely smooth and impunctate ; the colour appears to be obscure brassy or greenish black. Length about 3 mm. Introduced as British on the authority of M. Putzeys, who said that M. Reiche possessed a specimen taken in England ; afterwards recorded by Haliday from Lough 22 ADEPHAGA. [Dyschirius. Neagh, Ireland. I can, however, find no trace of an authentic British specimen, and for the present at all events it ought not to be admitted to a place in our lists. D. impunctipennis, Daws. (inermis, Curt.). Head and thorax as a rule obscure black or pitchy, elytra pitchy, often zneous, or the whole insect is of a dark bronze colour, head with an oblong depression behind the eyes, palpi and antenne ferruginous, paler at base; thorax rather Jong, somewhat narrowed in front, sides not strongly rounded, dise with central furrow ; elytra less ovate and more parallel-sided than in D. thoracicus, deeply striated, the striz deepest at the base next the suture, apparently quite impunctate, except under a strong lens which renders visible some fine punctures irregularly scattered, third inter- stice with two, occasionally with three impressions; anterior tibia fur- nished externally with two very obsolete almost invisible teeth very different from the sharp and distinct external teeth of D. thoracicus. Sandy places on or near the coast. Weymouth; Deal; Lancashire coast ; sands bordering the Bristol Channel. Scotland, very local, Moray, Solway. D. politus, Dej. neous or greenish bronze, female duller, often black or pitchy ; mouth parts and antenne ferruginous, base of latter lighter; thorax oblong ovate, longer than broad, with sides rather parallel, not strongly rounded, central furrow rather fine ; elytra hardly broader than thorax, broad and rather elevated at the shoulders, elon- gate, sides not quite parallel but gradually decreasing in width toward apex, with plain punctured strie, which are continued to the apex, or unite and terminate in pairs just before it, third interstice with two or three impressions; the anterior tibize are furnished externally with two obsolete denticulations, which are often quite wanting. L. 4 mm. Sandy and clayey places, on tle banks of ditches, &c. ; occasionally found in sand- pits; inland, and maritime. Sheppy in company with Bledius spectatilis and tri- cornis; Sheerness; Deal ; Shirley; Red Hill; Charlton; Brentford ; West Wickham. Scotland, very local, at the mouth of the Nith below Dumfries, scarce. Ireland, near Belfast. Dawson mentions Lowestoft and other places on the Suffolk, Norfolk, and Lincolnshire coasts, and also Bridlington, Yorkshire; at the latter place I have taken very sparingly a small Dyschirius which I used to consider D. angustatus, but which appears rather to be a small form of D. politus; the external teeth of the anterior tibie are occasionally rather plain in these specimens, but are often quite absent; they occur in company with a Bledius which appears to be crassicollis, but in some points differs from that insect, although it is plainly not erraticus, the only other species belonging to this section. D. nitidus, Dej. Shining brassy; base of antenne and mouth parts ferruginous ; head with a deep rugose impression on each side between eyes, united in front by a transverse elevated line ; thorax rather longer than broad, broadest behind the middle, disc very convex with a deep central furrow ; elytra wider than the thorax, elongate, with shoulders well marked, sides subparallel, strongly striated, especially at the base and near suture, the strie plainly punctured except at apex, marginal stria abbreviated at shoulder, third interstice with two or three Dyschirius.| ADEPHAGA. 23 impressions; legs stouter than in the other species; external teeth of anterior tibiz small or entirely wanting. L. 43-5} mm. Very local ; maritime ; Norfolk and Lincolnshire coasts ; Wallasey, near Liverpool ; Deal; Shoreham ; Thames and Humber (Stephens). Scotland, very local, Moray and Solway. It is the largest of our indigenous Dyschirii. D. extensus, Putz. (elongatulus, Daws.). Shining bronze, mouth parts, antenne, and legs red; thorax half as long again as broad, as broad as elytra, with a fine but distinct central furrow ; elytra very elongate, cylindrical, parallel-sided, with strong punctured strie ; the anterior tibie present hardly any trace of teeth, or are quite simple. This species is easily distinguished from all the others by its narrow and quite cylindri- cal form, elongate elytra, and very long thorax. L. 3} mm. Very local and rare; maritime; Deal; Shoreham; Lancing; near Folkestone; found by Mr. A. C. Horner in company with Bledius tricornis, not molesting the Bledius, but devouring ants which abounded in the vicinity. D. angustatus, Putz. (jejunus, Daws.). Head and thorax brassy black, elytra brassy ; head rugose-; antenne red, lighter at base; thorax rather long, hardly narrower in front than behind, where it is widest, with sides slightly rounded, central furrow distinct, but rather fine, disc moderately strongly striated; elytra elongate, with well-marked shoulders, with sides somewhat parallel, strie distinct and plainly punc- tured, feebler towards apex ; legs red ; anterior tibia armed externally with two distinct strong obtuse teeth, the lower one largest. L. 23-3 mm. Very local and rare; banks of the Irthing, Northumberland (Bold); Hayling Island (E. Saunders). Easily distinguished by its narrow cylindrical form, rugose head, and the external denticulation of the anterior tibia. D. salinus, Schaum. Dark bronze, sometimes bluish or greenish ; palpi, and antennz except base pitchy ; thorax short hardly longer than broad, broadest behind the middle, somewhat globose, with distinct central furrow ; elytia broader than the thorax, somewhat cylindrical, rather flat, with strong striz which are coarsely and deeply punctured towards base, but more feebly towards apex and at sides ; legs pitchy or pitchy red ; anterior tibie armed with two teeth, the one nearest the apex being very large and distinct. L. 34 mm. Maritime; salt marshes and banks of ditches near the sea; also banks of tidal rivers ; widely distributed and very abundant where it occurs. Scotland local, mari- time, Forth, Solway. Ireland, near Dublin. This species is easily distinguished from D. politus, which is its nearest ally, by its shorter thorax, more parallel elytra, ek distinct punctuation, and the larger teeth on the external side of the anterior D. zneus, Dej. Much smaller than the preceding, which in some points it resembles; the thorax, however, is more rounded than in D. salinus, and the elytra are oblong ovate, and rather strongly rounded at the sides ; the striw are strong and coarsely punctured towards base, finer and more feebly punctured behind middle, and the marginal stria ceases 24 ADEPHAGA. [Dyschirius. at the humeral angle ; legs dark red, pitchy, or black ; anterior tibie furnished with two external teeth, the one near apex strong, the other almost obsolete. L. 23 mm. Sandy banks of ponds and ditches, maritime and inland. Burton-on-Trent ; Bewdley ; Cannock Chase ; Plumstead Marshes; Sheppy ; Gravesend ; Darenth Wood ; Weybridge; Reigate; Whittlesea Mere; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Luccombe Chine, Isle of Wight; Northumberland. Scotland, Tain, Rosshire (Bold). Ireland rare). ‘ This is a variable species both as regards form and colour: the Isle of Wight ex- amples are more slender than the type in many cases ; a specimen I took at Luccombe in April, 1885, not only is narrower, but has the sides of the thorax less rounded. D. globosus, Herbst. Black or pitchy, sometimes bronze ; antennz pitchy, base reddish ; thorax very convex, globose, with fine central furrow ; elytra ovate, with shoulders rounded, very convex, with strong and very coarsely punctured striz which disappear before apex and at sides, with the exception of the sutural and marginal striz ; legs red or pitchy, femora often darker; anterior tibie with two minute external teeth. L. 2 mm. : Sandy banks of ponds, &e., inland and maritime; widely distributed in England, and occurring in great profusion. Scotland, common, Lowlands. Ireland near Belfast and Dublin, and probably common throughout the country. HARPALINZ. The tribes that make up the Harpaline series (Harpaline tribus) in- clude the whole of the remainder of the Carabide ; they are distinguished by the fact that the mesothoracic epimera do not reach the middle coxal cavities, which are entirely closed by the sterna. Various methods of classification have been adopted for the series ; none, however, can be quite satisfactory, for a linear classification is impossible, many of the tribes and genera running parallel to oue another and presenting equal affinities in different directions; the system below adopted, however, appears to be for many reasons open to fewer objections than some of the others ; it is based upon the old distinction of the formation of the anterior tarsi of the male; this is indeed open to some objections, notably that it excludes the determination of the position of the female apart from the male, but it is more satisfactory and holds together genera with evidently natural affinities better than less evident and more artificial characters that have been adopted by some writers, which are very useful in subdivision, but if used as primary characters, separate genera widely that ought evidently to be placed close together. One of the chief alterations that have been made of Jate years is the removal of the Bembidiina from tbe end of the family of Carabide ; owing to the small subulate last joint of the palpi occurring in the Haliplide and some of the Dytiscide, as well as in the Bembidiina, coupled with the subaquatic habits of the latter, they were considered as a connecting link between the Geodephaga and Hydradephaga ; it is, however, generally acknowledged that for several reasons the Bembidiina are more fitly placed higher in the series, although, if we recognize the Harpaline. | ADEPHAGA. 25 system of parallel tribes, we need not lose sight of their affinities to the true water beetles. The following are the chief divisions of the Harpalinz :— I. Elytra not truncate at apex. . » « . « « « INTRUNCATIPENNES. II. Elytra truncate at apex, or subtruncate | - . « « « » TRUNCATIPENNES. INTRUNCATIPENNES. The group in which the elytra are not truncate at apex comprises five great subdivisions ; for help with regard to them, more especially with regard to the covering of the soles of the anterior tarsi of the male, I am much indebted to the kindness of Mr. Bates. i. DiversrmanrI. Male with the anterior tarsi differing in the various species as regards the number of joints dilated, the soles of the dilated joints clothed with fine short erect hairs. ii. PaTr~imMant. . Male with the first two or three joints of the anterior tarsi dilated either square, transverse-oblong, or rounded, the soles clothed with fine short erect hairs: the first joint is sometimes rounded triangular, iii. QUADRIPALMATI. Male with the first four joints (occasionally joints 2-4) of the anterior tarsi dilated, the soles of the dilated joints clothed with biseriate squamz or with fine short erect hairs; intermediate tarsi often dilated as well. iv. TRrPALMATI. Male with the first three joints of the anterior tarsi dilated, cordiform or emarginate, the soles clothed with squame. y. Biratmati. Males with the first two joints of the anterior tarsi dilated (occa- sionally in certain Tachys quite simple), the soles almost always clothed with squame, in one or two cases, e.g. Tachypus, pilose. Sub-Diy. i. Diversimani. This division is established by Bates (Biologia Centrali- Americana, Carabide, p. 39), where he says, ‘‘ This new subdivision is here proposed for the reception of the Broscide group of authors, which differs from all other aggregates of genera by the great diversity in the form and number of the dilated joints of the male tarsi, the palms of the same being invariably clothed with a smooth brush of hairs. Not only are the tarsi of the middle as well as of the front pair of legs sometimes dilated (gen. Cascelius, Cerotalis, and others), but the number of dilated joints varies from species to species, and in some members of the typical genus (Broscus) is reduced to two on the“anterior tarsi only ; and again species occur in which the male tarsi are simple like the female. This peculiarity sufficiently distinguishes the subdivision from the equivalent groups of the same rank (Patellimanz, &c.), and the position of the sub- division at the commencement of the second great section of the Cara- bide, which I now adopt, is sufficiently indicated by the occurrence in one or other of the genera of minor characters distinctive of the first great section—for instance, the glabrous surface of the four basal joints of the antenne, a character which does not reappear henceforward in the long series of forms belonging to the second division of this great family.” BROSCINA. The division Diversimani is hardly required for our fauna, as we only 26 ADEPHAGA, [ Broscina. possess two genera comprising one species each, Broscus and Miscodera, both of which have the first three joints of the anterior tarsi of the male dilated, the former rather strongly, the latter only moderately ; no con- fusion, however, can arise, as our species are easily distinguished by having the hind body pedunculate, and by having the scutellum situated in the peduncle, and not let into the base of the elytra ; as the neck of the thorax covers the peduncle either wholly or partially, the thorax requires to be bent forward in order to render the character quite dis- tinct; the first four joints of the antenne are glabrous, the rest pubescent. I. Head narrower than thorax; penultimate joint of maxillary palpi strongly narrowed behind, somewhat dilated in frout ; base of thorax not fringed . . . Mrscopera, Esch. II. Head as broad as thorax; penultimate joint of maxillary palpi normal; base of thorax fringed with a row of close-set fine bristles eee ee eee ee Cote. | VEROsOUR eames MISCODERA, Eschscholtz. This genus comprises five species from Northern Europe and North America. Dr. Horn includes three of the species under M. aretica, and considers that there are only two species, M. arctica and M. insignis ; he says (Carabidew, p. 168), that in Northern Europe and Siberia M. arctica has received the name of erythropus Mots. ; crossing to Alaska it becomes Americana Mann, and finally reaches Newfoundland under the name Hardyi Chaud.; it is, however, all one species varying in size and brilliancy of surface in the several localities. The species in form and general appearance resemble a large Dyschirius, and seem therefore naturally to follow this genus: it must be remembered, however, that they differ very widely in many respects, and that it is not because of the similarity of outward form that they are placed after them. M. arctica, Payk. (Leiochiton Readii, Curtis). Usually brassy, sometimes greenish black or black; antenne and palpi red; thorax globose, very convex, with a rather indistinct dorsal line, base without fovezx at sides, with a narrow depressed neck ; elytra ovate with shoulders rounded, with a few more or less obsolete punctured striz near suture which vanish at sides and apex; hind body pedunculate, scutellum situated in peduncle ; legs red. L. 6 mm. Local, usually on high moors and mountains, under stones, &e. ; Derbyshire ; York- shire ; Llangollen, Moel-y-Gamblin; Church Stretton; Cannock Chase (taken in numbers by Mr. Blatch). Scotland, local, mountains “and high moors, Tweed, Tay, Dee, Clyde. This species bears a remarkable resemblance to the continental species Broscosoma baldense, Putz. BROSCUS, Panzer. This genus comprises about a dozen species which are rather widely Broscus. | ADEPHAGA. 27 distributed ; they are as a rule of a deep black colour; the American genus Zacotus, which is closely allied to Broscus, is brilliantly copper- coloured. We possess one species only, which, like other members of the genus, is found under stones in burrows which it hollows out in the ground : when disturbed suddenly it feigns death, opening its jaws and stiffening its legs in irregular directions. There is nothing remarkable about the larva of B. cephalotes, which is figured by Schiddte (iii., Pl. xix., Fig. 1). It is linear, depressed, and parallel-sided, gradually narrowed from the seventh abdominal segment; the head is large, with powerful jaws, of equal breadth with the segments of the thorax; the anal appendage and cerci are short, the latter twice as long as the former; the claws are solid, not divided; the colour is white, with the head, mandibles, and dise of prothorax ferruginous, and the dorsal shields, legs, and cerci yellowish. B. cephalotes, L. Elongate, dull black; antenne black, upper joints reddish, apex of palpi red ; head coarsely punctured, with two deep impressions between antennz ; thorax cordate, not contracted in front, strongly contracted behind, with indistinct central furrow, disc trans- versely rugose, base strongly punctured; elytra flat, dull, sides rather parallel, with eight very shallow finely-punctured striez; legs black, anterior tibiz armed internally with two strong spines for digging pur- poses. L. 17-21 mm. Common on the coast in England, Scotland, and Ireland; it is, however, by no means a coast species exclusively. Bedel gives as localities (I. c. p. 186) “Toute PEurope moyenne ; Hautes Alpes.’’ Sub-Div. ii. Patellimani. I. Maxillary palpi elongate, the last joint triangularly dilated, and inserted obliquely on the preceding ; head constricted behind ae and dilated into a semi-globular neck. . . PAaNAGHINA. II. Maxillary palpi with the last joint simply ‘inserted on “the pre- ceding ; head not dilated behind into a semi-globular neck. i. Mandibles obtuse, Sarena at BESS ; elypeus batally mem- branous . . oi) jel «) = flee UICENEN A, ii. Mandibles simple at apex; cly peus entirely corneous. 1. Eighth stria of elytra distant from ce oe we regular in outline. . . : 2. Eighth stria of ‘elytra very “close ‘to. margin eyes truncate Enns greve oP use” se) ise eh SN get secce es. Oonenae . CHLENIINA. PANAGASINA The position of this tribe has been much disputed. Dr. Horn con- siders that it stands more nearly alone than any tribe of the Harpaline, and that it bears a close relationship to the Clivine, and none to the Chleniina at all. lLacordaire included Loricera, and Bedel (1. c. p. 50) places the tribe at the head of his family Harpalide between the Lori- ceride and the Licinina ; Thomson places it between the Ivcinina and Chleniina, and Erichson (Naturgesichte der Ins. Deutsch., p.316) between the Loriceride and Chleniid. In several points, especially in the con- 28 ADEPHAGA. [Panageina. struction of the anterior tarsi of the male (which have two joints strongly dilated), the genus Panagzeus bears a close relation to Licinus. PANAGZEZUS, Laireille. About twelve species are comprised in this genus, of which two only are European ; the rest are found in Japan, Mexico, North America, &e. They are diurnal; our two species are found, the one in marshy and damp places, and the other in drier localities ; they are distinguished by the black suture of the elytra forming with a horizontal band a distinct cross on an orange ground, by their orbicular thorax, and by the securi- form last joint of the maxillary and labial palpi. The larva of P. cruc-major is figured by Schiddte (vi., Pl. iii., Fig. 6). It is fusi- form, convex above and below, pilose, with the head and all the scuta smooth and shining; the colour is clear white, with the head luteous, and the seuta black or fuscous ; the head is small, hexagonal, the prothorax trapezoidal, much narrower than the mesothorax, the sides of which are strongly angled ; the metathorax is hexagonal, strongly transverse ; the abdominal segments are plainly narrower than the thoracic segments ; the anal appendage is rather stout, and the cerci are long and cylindrical, black, with the apex clear white; the claws are of equal length; the antenuw are long, much longer than is usual in the Carabideous larve. I. Thorax more transverse; eyes more prominent; species larger. . . - - « « « « « « «» » DP, CRUX-MaJOR, Z. II. Thorax longer, almost circular; eyes less pro- minent ; species smaller. . . . . - . « « « P. QuADRIPUSTULATUS, Sé. P. crux-major, L. Upper side clothed with long yellowish pu- bescence ; head and thorax black, the former strongly produced before eyes, the latter broader than long with sides strongly rounded, very coarsely and rugosely punctured; elytra red with apex, base, suture, and a band across the middle black, with rows of strong punctures set in rather fine striz, interstices rugosely punctured ; antennze black, fuscous at apex, legs black and pubescent. L. 7 mm. Very local but occasionally abundant where it occurs, under stones and refuse or at the roots of trees in damp and marshy places: taken in numbers near Cambridge by Dr. Power; Cambridgeshire and Lincolushire fens; Berkshire; Sandgate; Hythe ; Robertsbridge, near Hastings. P. quadripustulatus, St. Very like the preceding but smaller; thorax longer, almost circular, more strongly contracted behind with the strong rugose punctuation less close and more confluent; the colour of the elytra is darker, and the two markings behind the central fascia are round (and not angular as in P. crux-major), leaving a larger black space at apex; the punctured striz of the elytra are stronger, and the interstices narrower and more convex. L. 6 mm. Found under the same circumstances as the preceding, but in drier districts and localities ; usually on chalky hill-sides and in sandy places beneath moss, stones, &e., or at roots of grass; said to be rarer than the preceding, but it appears to be more often captured ; Essex Coast; Dover; Deal; Betchworth; Mickleham; Box Hill; Sanderstead (near Croydon) ; Hertford; Hampshire; Sandown (Isle of Wight). A variety of this species (taken by Mr. Rye) is figured in the Ent. Annual for 1874, Panageus. | ADEPHAGA. 29 in which the usual transverse central fascia on the elytra is so interrupted as to leave an irregular longitudinal streak of red colour on each elytron instead of the usual two spots ; the corresponding variety in P. crux-major is the P. trimaculatus of Dejean. LICININA. This tribe contains two genera, Licinus and Badister, which in the form of the palpi, general contour, and more especially in the fact that the former has only two joints of the anterior tarsi dilated in the male, while the latter has three, appear to differ so widely that the Licinina might well be separated off, and another tribe founded to contain Badister and its allied genera (Diplochila, Diceelus, &c.). The points of agreement between Licinus and Badister are the obtuse emarginate tips of the man- dibles, the short forehead and impressed labrum, and the fact that the mar- gin of the elytra is not interrupted behind and has no internal plica ; the paraglosse are free and separated from the ligula in the Chleeniide, but in these two genera are soldered to it. I. Three joints of anterior tarsi dilated in male; palpi normal ; antenne with two basal joints glabrous . . . - BApDIsTER, Clairv. IL. Two joints of anterior tarsi dilated in male ; palpi with the last joint enlarged and truncate; antenne with three basal yoMte elabrous = 2. 5 2 ss sh 6 on 8 et es 66 (MOINUS, Lain, BADISTER, Clairv. About twenty species are comprised in this genus, which ranges as far as Siberia, North America, Japan, India and Madagascar. The first two of our species bear a strong resemblance to Stenolophus Teutonus and the species allied to it. The larva of B. bipustulatus is figured by Schiddte (vi., Pl. i., Fig. 1). It is long and fusiform, white with the scuta pale ferruginous, and the cerci darker; the head is small and narrow, the prothorax is broader but narrower than the meso- and meta- thorax; all the abdominal segments are angled at the sides; the anal appendage is rather short, and the cerci are stout anda little curved, with long erect hairs, and thickly set setigerous tubercles; they are about as long as the last two segments of the abdomen. I. Thorax red. i. Mesothoracie episterna red; head as broad as thorax; length 7mm. . . - B. UNIPUSrULATUS, Bon. ii. Mesothoracic episterna black ; head somewhat variable but narrower than thorax ; ae 4 to 6mm. . . . . B, BIPUSTULATUS, F. II. Thorax black or black with yellow margin. i. Elytra black with a large humeral yellow spot . B.sopaxis, Duft. ii. Elytra unicolorous black with metallic reflection. B. PELTATUS, Panz. B. unipustulatus, Bon. Head black, antenne yellow with the middle black; thorax red, somewhat cordate, very transverse, sides strongly contracted behind, anterior margin considerably broader than posterior ; elytra oblong, testaceous red with a broad cyaneous patch on each, enclosing a common testaceous spot towards apex, which is variable 30 ADEPHAGA, [ Badister. in size and sometimes obsolete ; scutellum red ; legs reddish testaceous. L. 7 mm. Marshy places, at roots of grass, &e. Local and not common. Lewisham, Merton, Putney, Battersea, West Grinstead; Hythe; Wiltshire ; Newark. B. bipustulatus, F. Very like the preceding, but distinguished by its smaller size, narrower head and the black mesothoracic episterna ; the elytra are less deeply striated and the dark patch reaches, as a rule, further towards base, and is less cyaneous ; the scutellum is usually black, but occasionally red. The best character for separating the two species is, perhaps, the shape of the thorax, which in bipustulatus is larger, sub- quadrate, with sides very slightly narrowed behind, and the anterior margin almost as broad as the posterior. L. 4-6 mm. Damp and marshy places at roots of willows, &e.; also in moss, under stones, &e., in all sorts of localities; very common and widely distributed; Scotland, common, Lowlands. Ireland, near Belfast ; also near Dublin (scarce). B. sodalis, Duft. (umeralis, Bon.). Obscure black, elytra with somewhat cyaneous reflection; head black, smooth, antennze yellowish at base and apex; thorax and elytra with narrow yellowish margins, the former about as long as broad, with sides contracted behind, strong central furrow and two deep depressions at base ; elytra plainly striated with two impressions on the second stria of each, interstices smooth ; suture behind and a broad spot at shoulders yellow; legs pale yellow. L. 33 mm. Not uncommon in marshy places; also in drier places (chalky districts, &c.) under moss and dead leaves; rather local, but widely distributed. Darenth Wood, Kent; Mickleham and many other localities in Surrey; Tonbridge; Henley; Bath ; Southampton; Newnbam-on-Severn ; Carlisle ; Northumberland. Doubtful as Scottish (recorded by Leach from Loch Awe, but Dr, Sharp considers that this is almost certainly an error). Ireland, near Belfast. B. peltatus, Panz. Shining black with a strong cyanecous reflec- tion, especially on the elytra; margins of thorax and elytra at the extreme edge brownish or yellowish, but this is often hardly perceptible ; thorax and elytra much the same as in the preceding in shape and sculp- ture, except that the thorax is rather more transverse and has the sides less rounded in front, and the elytra are broader; legs dusky testaceous. The insect bears a very strong resemblance to a small Anchomenus. L, 45 mm. Very local and rare; in marshy places ; Notting Hill and Hammersmith Marshes (Dr. Sharp and others); Baleombe, Haywards Heath (Dr. Power); Cowbit Marsh, near Spalding (Mr. Rye and Archdeacon Hey); Shipley, Horsham, and Isle of Wight (Mr. Gorham); Portsmouth ; Hythe (Mr. Champion). LICINUS, Laitreille. The species of Licinus are rather large, black, depressed insects; they are about fifteen in number, and are confined to central and southern Europe, Egypt, Syria, and Algeria, with the exception of one species Licinus. ] ADEPHAGA. 31 from the Canaries. Dr. Horn (Carabidae, p. 140) says that on one or two occasions ZL. silphoides has been found in North America, but under circumstances that induce him to believe that it has been introduced. The genus Licinus seems to bear a relationship to Panageus in the for- mation of the palpi and the fact that both genera have two joints of the anterior tarsi of male dilated and clothed beneath with fine short erect hairs. The larva of L. silphoides (brevicollis, Dej.) is figured by Schiodte (vi., Pl. ii., Fig. 1), and is described as well by Mulsant et Mayet (Opusc. xv., 1872, p. 81). It is rather broad in comparison with some of its allies; the head is very small, the prothorax strongly narrowed in front, narrower than the succeeding segments ; the dorsal shields are strongly margined and raised on each side, with large muscular depressions; to the side of each segment is attached a conical process terminating in a large seta; the cerci are black, short, stout, and strongly divergent ; the larva is red with the shields black, except the prothoracic one which is yellow, with a median band and the margins fuscous; the claws are equal; the very young larva differs considerably from the adult by its larger head and longer cerci, and the absence of the lateral appendages. This larva feeds on young woodlice and phytophagous larve, and under- goes its transformation in a cocoon which it forms under stones (Bedel 1. , p. 59, note). I. Insect broad, winged; interstices of elytra coarsely and rugosely punctured . . . . .. +. +. =. - + UL, SILPHOIDES, IJ. Insect rather narrow, apterous; interstices of elytra finely punctured . . . . . « « « « « » - . - UL. DEPRESSUS, Payk, L. silphoides, F. (granulatus, Dej.; brevicollis, Dej.). Black, the male more shiny than the female, which is very dull; thorax almost double as broad as the head, transverse, anterior and posterior margins strongly emarginate, angles rounded, with fine central furrow; elytra oval, strongly emarginate before apex, striated, the striz coarsely punctured, the interstices with large rugose punctures, the third, fifth, and seventh somewhat raised. L. 103-125 mm. Local, but not uncommon in chalky districts on the hill-sides and coast, at roots of grass, under stones, &c. ; sometimes found under sea-weed. Folkestone, Chatham, Hythe, Box Hill, Reigate, and other localities in Kent and Surrey ; Swannage, Dorset ; Chesil Bank; Weymouth; Lewes; apparently confined to the south and south- eastern counties of England. L. depressus, Payk. Smaller than the preceding and much narrower ; black ; head and thorax rather shiny, elytra dull in female, more shiny in male; head broader in proportion, and thorax longer with central furrow very indistinct; elytra with shallow but evident finely punctured striz ; interstices flat, thickly and rather finely punctured. L. 8-10 mm. Very local; chalky districts, under stones, at roots of grass, &c.; Dover; Folke- stone ; Canterbury ; Box Hill; Gomshall; Dorking; Chatham; Deal; Winchester ; Lewes; Worthing; recorded by Mr. Bold as very rare on the sea coast near Hartle- pool, and Castle Eden, Durham. CHLANIINA. This tribe has no very striking characteristics, but is chiefly remark- 32 ADEPHAGA, [ Chleniina. able for the beauty of the species which belong to-it. Two genera belong to our fauna, Chlenius and Callistus ; in the latter the outer lobe of the maxille is formed of one piece, no trace even of a suture being left as is the case in the genus Amerizus, Chaud., in which also the lobe is formed of one piece. For some reasons the species of Callistus might be separated off as a distinct tribe; one character, however, on which Chaudoir lays stress, viz. the pubescence of the palpi, is found in some exotic species of Chlanius. I. Tibia finely pubescent with bristles interspersed; outer maxillary lobe formed of a single piece; mentum with a CO OM era eae css) odd eS io. pec Il. Tibi without pubescence, but furnished with short erect bristles; outer maxillary lobe round, articulated; mentum with abifidtooth. . . . . « « © « + + © « « « « CHDENIUS, Bon. Cautistus, Bon. CALLISTWS, Bonelli. This genus comprises about ten species, which are widely distributed over the Old World. No species appears to be found in America; there is only one European representative, which is one of the handsomest of our insects. Cc. lunatus, F. Head large, metallic blue or green, strongly punc- tured, antenne dusky with base testaceous; thorax testaceous red, strongly cordate, very finely and closely punctured ; elytra ovate, very finely striated, testaceous yellow, with a humeral spot, a broad fascia about middle not reaching suture, and a broad fascia near apex reaching suture, black ; the two latter fasciz are connected at margin ; underside bluish black ; legs yellow, apex of femora, base of tibiw, and last four joints of tarsi more or less black or brownish. L. 6 mm. Very local, but taken in some numbers where it occurs; confined to chalky dis- tricts; found at roots of grass, and occasionally running about in the sunshine; Folkestone; Canterbury ; Dover; Reigate; Caterham; Mickleham; Croydon, &e. CHLEENIUS, Bonelli. This genus contains about 400 species, which are widely distributed throughout the world; they are for the most part brightly metallie- coloured, usually green with a more or less coppery reflection, and as a rule covered with fine silky pubescence; they are among the most beautiful of the Coleoptera; they exhale a strong and somewhat ammonia- cal odour ; they are found as a rule under stones and rubbish in marshy places, or on the borders of streams and rivers, sometimes at the roots of plants. We possess only four species, of which two are exceedingly rare ; the European list contains between thirty and forty. The larva of C. vesti(us is figured by Schivdte (iii., Pl. xx., Fig. 3). It is compara- tively broad, but linear and slightly fusiform, upper side scantily pubescent with all the corneous parts finely reticulate ; the colour is white, with all the seuta of the upper Chlenius. | ADEPHAGA, 33 side black with a green metallic reflection ; the head is mostly yellow, much narrower than prothorax, which is large and subquadrate, a little narrowed in front; the muscular impressions on all the segments are large and well marked, those on the pro- thorax being the smallest ; the cerci are about twice as long as the anal appendage, yellow, with base and apex black; the claws are of equal length. In the larva of C. nigricornis the colour of the dorsal shields is eneous-black, and the whole cerci are black ; the form, too, is flatter and more robust. The larva lives in damp places, and runs actively in the sunshine. I. Elytra with yellow border; epipleure yellow . . . . C, VESTITUS, Payk. Il. Elytra without yellow border; epipleurz concolorous with elytra. i, Upper surface strongly metallic, greenish or reddish bronze ; prosternal process punctured between coxz, 1. Antennz with two or three first joints red ; posterior angles of thorax well marked . . .. . . . . C.ScHRANKII, Duft. 2. Antennz with first joint only red; posterior angles of thorax very blunt, almost rounded. . . . . . ii. Upper surface very slightly metallic of a silky fuscous colour; prosternal process not punctured between the COX el Cla a al ws os el ok Se et elem a «© pf (Cc. HOLOSHRICEDS: C. nI@RIcorNIs, F. Cc. vestitus, Payk. (viridipunctatus, Goze). Head and thorax green, meuth palpi and antenne testaceous; thorax subcordate, rather long, with sides rounded from below the anterior angles to behind middle and thence straight to base, posterior angles right angles ; central furrow of thorax abbreviated in front and behind, not reaching margins; elytra much broader than thorax, dull green, with rusty yellow pubescence, with lateral margins narrowly and apex broadly yellow, striated, interstices finely granulated ; legs testaceous. L. 9-11 mm. Under stones and refuse in damp places; rather local, but widely distributed. Common in the London district; Kent; Somerset ; Repton ; Tewkesbury ; Cannock Chase; Isle of Wight; not recorded from the north of England or Scotland ; Ireland, near Dublin, and other localities. Cc. Schrankii, Duft. (nitidulus, Schrank). Head brilliant green, thorax and scutellum coppery ; antenne dark, with three basal joints red ; mouth parts red ; thorax coarsely and deeply punctured, punctures often confluent, with central furrow not so plainly marked as in the preceding species, abbreviated before and behind, posterior angles dis- tinct, prominent ; elytra greenish, sometimes bluish, with thick and close rusty yellowish pubescence, striated, interstices finely granulated ; legs reddish testaceous, femora darker. L. 11-12 mm Very rare; Kemp Town, Brighton, one example (Dr. Power) ; Luccombe Chine, Isle of Wight, in some numbers (Mr. G. Lewis) ; found in damp places in moss, &e. C. nigricornis, F. Very like the preceding, but easily distinguished by its rather smaller form, less smooth head, rounded posterior angles of thorax, and the fact that the mouth, antenne (except one lighter basal joint), and legs are pitchy black: the tibie are lighter towards apex. L. 10-11 mm, The var. melanocornis, Dej., has the mouth, and the first and some- D 34 ADEPHAGA. [ Chlenius. times the second and third joints of the antennz, and also the legs, red ; the shape of the thorax, however, will at once distinguish it from C. Schrankit. Rather common in marshy places and on the banks of streams and rivers; widely distributed in England from north to south. Scotland, rare Lowlands. Ireland near Belfast. Some specimens are very darkly coloured, and superficially might be mistaken for the following species. C. holosericeus, F. (¢ristis, Schall.). Rather larger and broader than C. nigricornis ; head obscurely bronzed or coppery, antenne black; thorax subquadrate, rather broader than long, hinder angles obtuse, obscure dusky black, rugosely punctured; elytra brownish black, striated, interstices thickly rugose and granulated; pubescence very thick, yellowish brown. LL. 103-115 mm. Very rare. Fen Ditton, Berks, and Whittlesea Mere (Stephens); Hornsea, York- shire, and Norfolk (Skrimshire); Mr. W. Garneys has recorded a specimen (doubt- fully) from Repton; it is very probable that some of these specimens were dark varieties of the preceding. Dr. Power some years ago took twelve specimens at Burwell Fen, and Mr. S. Stevens captured seven specimens on the banks of Lough Derg, near Killaloe, Ireland, in May, 1870 or 1871. OODINA. This tribe is included by Dr. Horn and other writers under the Chleniina, but, besides other differences, its members are so wholly different in formation from the Chlenii that it would seem better to separate them. OODES, Ponelli. This genus comprises about sixty species, of which about a fifth part come from the Australian region ; it ranges as far as China, Java, India, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Texas, &c.; there are only three European species, one of which, O. Hispanicus, is sometimes separated off as a distinct genus, Lonchosternus, Laf, O. helopioides, F. Oblong-ovate, deep black, antenne black, first joint pitchy ; head and thorax smooth, the latter narrowest in front and gradually widened to base, with very indistinct central furrow; elytra as broad as thorax, almost parallel-sided, with apex broadly and abruptly rounded, and strie plain, indistinctly punctured; underside thickly punctured at sides ; legs black, tarsi pitchy; the female is duller, and has the apex of the elytra more truncate than the male. L. 8-9 mm. Very local and rather rare; in fens and marshy places under refuse, &c. ; some- times found climbing up the rushes, also at the roots of willows; Cambridgeshire Fens; Tonbridge; Askham Bog, York; Portsmouth; Weston, Oxfordshire; Burton-on- Trent ; Cowley, Merton (near London), Eltham, Wimbledon, Rusper, &c.; apparently not found further north than York, and not recorded from Ireland, Oodes. | ADEPHAGA. 35 Sub-Div. iii. Quadripalmati. This division includes those genera which have four joints of the anterior tarsi dilated in the male; as a rule the middle tarsi are dilated as well, although in some genera, e.g. Acupalpus and Bradycellus, they are very feebly dilated or not at all; in some genera, e.g. Gynandromor- phus, the female has one or more joints of the anterior tarsi dilated. The most important genus of the tribe is Harpalus. I. Dilated joints of anterior tarsi of male biseriately squamulose beneath. i. Labial palpi with the terminal joint equal to, or a little longer than the preceding, which is bisetose only . . . STENOLOPHINA. ii. Labial palpi with the terminal joint shorter than the pre- ceding, which has several sete in front . . . . . . . II. Dilated joints of anterior male tarsi clothed beneath with fine, short, erect hairs . . ... =.=. +... . » ANISODACTYLINA. HaRPALINA, STENOLOPHINA. With regard to this tribe Mr. Bates (Biol. Cent. Amer. Carabidae, p. 70) writes as follows :—“ The genera Stenolophus, Bradycellus, Tachy- cellus, and their allies, usually associated with the Harpalina, are dis- tinguished from that group, as Dr. Horn has pointed out, by the penul- timate joint of the labial palpi bearing two sete only. With this character are associated many other points of difference, curved frontal fovex, and the constant presence of a single fovea on the third elytral interstice. These insects are of much smaller size than the great majority of the true Harpalina, and are readily distinguished from them by their facies. In short, they form a natural group, and the dilated tarsal joints of the male being furnished with squamules, they bear the same relation to the Harpalina proper, as the Pelmatellina do to the Anisodactylina. Some genera seem to be intermediate in the nature of the clothing of the dilated tarsal soles of the male.” I. Penultimate joint of anterior and middle tarsi bilobed, and the middle tarsi dilated,in male. . . . . . . . . STENOLOPHUS, Dej. II. Penultimate joint of anterior and middle tarsi simply emar- ginate, and the middle tarsi not or feebly dilated, in male. i. Mentum not toothed. . . . 2... +... . ACUPALPUS, Zatr. ii. Mentum with acentraltooth. . . . .. . . . . BRrapycrLuus, Zr. STENOLOPHUS, Dejean. About seventy species are comprised in this genus, which are widely distributed over the surface of the globe ; they are all of small size, and are often variegated with bright colours; they are found in damp places under stones and refuse, and sometimes on low plants: about twelve species are found in Europe, of which we possess four as British. The larva of Stenolophus is figured by Schiodte (iii., Pl. xxii, Fig. 12). There is nothing very remarkable about it; it is “ 2. Legs pitchy black, tibiw lighter—thorax, as a rule, with margins narrowly testaceous jn tie gee) (otbee Mie" ye ere ii, Scutellary stria distinct; colour more or less rufous or ferruginous. 1. Posterior angles of thorax distinct and prominent . . B. pistrnotus, Dej. 2. Posterior angles of thorax obtuse, but distinct atapex. B. versasor, Du/t. 8. Posterior angles of thorax rounded . . . . « . « B,warparinus, De). II. Length 3-3} mm. 1, Upper side ferruginous; legs stouter; basal furrows of thorax broader and shallower; antenne with two basal joints at most glabrous. . . . + + + + + 3B. COLLARIS, Payk. B, pracipus, Gyll. B. coenatus, Gyll. Bradycellus.] ADEPHAGA. 41 2. Upper side pitchy, suture, as a rule, testaceous ; legs more slender; basal furrows of thorax narrower and deeper ; antennz with three basal joints glabrous . . B. stmitis, De. B. placidus, Gyll. Head large, eyes prominent, antenne somewhat variable, but usually fuscous with three basal joints testaceous; thorax reddish testaceous, with a dark patch in the middle, which sometimes is small, but sometimes is spread over the whole disc, posterior angles almost rounded; elytra testaceous with a narrower or broader black stripe near suture, the latter being always pale; legs pale testaceous. L, 4. mm. Local. Whittlesea Mere and Wicken Fen; Aspall, Suffolk; banks of Thames; Shirley ; Lincoln; north of England; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Highlands, Tweed, Tay, Dee, Moray. B. cognatus, Gyll. (Deutschi, Sahl). Very like the preceding, but slightly smaller, darker, and very finely pubescent; thorax with margins as a rule more narrowly testaceous, and with posterior angles more rounded ; elytra varying in colour in different specimens, but with the dark markings generally more widely spread over the disc than in B. placidus ; the striz also are less deep and the sides less dilated behind than in that species; legs pitchy black, tibie lighter. L. 4 mm. Local; on heaths and mountains in high districts, but occasionally found in low- land localities, Cannock Chase, Coleshill, Sutton Park; North Wales ; in profusion near Llangollen; Cheshire; said to have occurred near Bournemouth; north of England; Scotland, common in highland and alpine districts; Ireland, near Belfast. B. distinctus, Dej. (cordicollis, Wesm.). Dark ferruginous red ; head large ; thorax with sides rounded in front, contracted behind, pos- terior angles sharp and distinct, base coarsely punctured ; elytra convex, with sides somewhat rounded, deeply striated, third interstice without the usual pore ; legs and antenne red. L. 45 mm. Damp places in moss and at the roots of grass, also under leaves and refuse near ponds; widely distributed and not uncommon in the middle and south of England, very rare in the north; Scotland very rare, Lowlands, near Dumfries and Thornhill. B. verbasci, Duft. (rufulus, Dej.). Very like the preceding, but usually of a light red colour ; thorax nearly quadrate with the posterior angles blunt but distinctly visible ; elytra variable in colour, sometimes quite light, at other times much darker, sometimes light with darker markings on each elytron ; it is also rather variable as to size. L. 4-43 mm. Common and generally distributed in England; Scotland, common Lowlands ; Ireland, common near Dublin, and near Armagh, B. harpalinus, Dej. (fulvus, Fairm.). Closely allied to the pre- ceding, but darker and more convex ; thorax with posterior angles very 42 ADEPHAGA. [ Bradycellus. blunt, so that they appear rounded ; striz of elytra deeper. L. 4-44 mm. Common and generally distributed in England; Scotland, not common, Low- lands. B. collaris, Payk. Considerably smaller than B. harpalinus, but otherwise very closely resembling that species; the scutellary stria, however, is more obsolete, and the furrows at the base of the thorax not so deep or wide, and not so thickly punctured; the elytra are shorter in proportion, the striz# rather deeper, and the interstices more convex. L. 33 mm. A mountain species found on the high moors of North Wales, Yorkshire, and Lan- cashire; Langdale Pikes; Skiddaw. Scotland, generally distributed over the Low- lands and Highlands, but not common. Ireland, near Dublin. B. similis, Dej. (Zuchycellus, Mor.). The smallest species of the genus, pitchy, or pitchy black, with the thorax sometimes red, and the suture of the elytra usually reddish testaceous ; thorax slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles rounded or very blunt, base with a deep punc- tured fovea on each side ; elytra broadest behind middle, with plain strie, the outer ones obsoletely punctured ; legs pitchy. L. 3 mm. Heaths and sandy places, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout England and Scotland. HARPALINA. The Harpalina contain one genus, Harpalus, which, for convenience sake, may be divided into three sub-genera as follows :— I. Head, thorax, and interstices of elytra pH la a throughout . . Opnonts, Steph. II. Head smooth, thorax punctured (except on centre of dise which is smooth); interstices of elytra punctured throughout . . . Psevpornonts, Mots. III. Head smooth ; thorax smooth (except at base and ex- treme sides) ; interstices of elytra smooth (except occasionally at sides) . . « » © « « « « « « »« HARPALUS, #. sp. HARPALUS, Laireille. The sub-genus Ophonus contains about sixty species, which are chiefly spread over the northern hemisphere, although species are found as far south asGuinea; the genus Harpalus proper (under which the sub-genus Pseud- ophonus is generally included) numbers upwards of three hundred and fifty species, which are widely distributed throughout the globe, although the majority are attached to the northern hemisphere. The habits of the insects composing the sections are as a rule the same, except that some of the Ophoni, like Zabrus, seem to be to a certain extent gramini- vorous ; they are chiefly, although not altogether, nocturnal, and during the day hide themselves in burrows which they dig under stones, and at the roots of plants, &c. ; like other usually nocturnal Carabidae, they may Harpalus. | ADEPHAGA. 43 often be seen running in the sun in spring and early summer. The species of Harpalus proper are extremely variable in size, colour, and sculpture, even individual species (e.g. H. ceneus) presenting an endless variety of shades. The males have joints 1-4 of the anterior and inter- mediate tarsi dilated, and furnished with squame beneath; three species of Ophonus, however (as M. Bedel remarks, 1. c. p. 69), have the tarsi simple in both sexes ; these are cordicollis Serv., dermatodes Fairm., and femoralis Coq. The larva of Harpalus eneus is figured by Schiodte (iii., Pl. xxii., Fig. 1). It is depressed and cylindrical, gradually narrowed from the head, which is broader than any of the other segments, to the ninth abdominal segment, which is narrow and bears two short rather stout cerci ; the anal appendage also is short and thick ; the thorax is convex with the scuta margined, but none of the other scuta are margined; the colour is white, with the head, prothorax, and all the dorsal scuta yellow; the muscular impressions on the abdominal scuta are distinct; claws slightly unequal : the larva digs burrows in sandy ground. The larva of H. ruficornis differs from that of H. eneus in being half as large again, and rather more depressed, in the form of the ninth abdominal segment, and in having the cerci thicker and less widely separated. (Sub-Gen. i. Ophonus, Stephens.) I. Upper surface of elytra metallic, blue or green. i. Length 10-13 mm. 1. Sides of thorax rounded from apex to middle, and thence obliquely contracted to base; pos- terior angles blunt, but distinct . . . . . H.sasuLioona, Panz. 2. Sides of thorax rounded from apex to base ; posterior angles rounded, or nearly so. A. Sides of thorax slightly rounded ; posterior angles somewhat apparent. L.13mm... H. opscurts, F. B. Sides of thorax strongly rounded ; posterior angles completely rounded off. L. 11-12 PAs tees - 0 + « © « «© « «© H. ROTUNDICOLLIS, Fairm. ii. Length 6-8 mm. 1. Thorax with posterior angles right angles, without trace of basal border . . . H. punctatuyvs, Duft. 2. Thorax with posterior angles blunt, base lightly bordered. . . at ic H. azureEvs, F.* II. Upper surface not metallic, brownish or reddish. | i. Thorax very strongly contracted at base, apex of posterior angles opposite the axis of the fifth atti ofthe elytra. . . - H. corpatus, Duft. . Thorax not very strongly contracted. at base, tex of posterior angles opposite the axis of the sixth stria of the elytra 1. Thorax not strongly transverse. A. Form more elongate; thorax without trace of basal border ; interstices of elytra more coarsely punctured . . . . . . . ~~ . H.RUPICOLA, Sturm. B. Form broader; thorax often with basal border; interstices of elytra more are punctured . Ser A ek bre agit ts . H. puncricotiis, Payk. * The var. similis of H. azureus is dark pitchy- -red or brownish, scarcely, if at all, metallic, and might be referred to the second section. 44 ADRBPHAGA. [Harpalus. 2. Thorax strongly transverse. A. Thorax shorter, with central furrow and basal fovere distinct. L.6-7mm. . . . H. RUFIBARBIS, %. B. Thorax longer, with central furrow and basal fovex indistinct. L.5}mm, . . . H. PARALLELS, Dey. H. sabulicola, Panz. Oblong, somewhat pubescent; head and thorax pitch black, strongly punctured, antenne and palpi red; thorax broader than long, rounded in front, obliquely contracted from middle to base, with blunt but distinct posterior angles, strongly punctured, punctuation at base thicker and closer, with very fine central furrow ; elytra blue, often with greenish reflection, broader than thorax, some- what parallel-sided, not emarginate before apex, plainly striated, inter- stices thickly punctured ; legs red. L. 12-13 mm. Chalky and sandy places, near the coast, under stones, &c.; not common ; occasion- ally found further inland. Box Hill; Folkestone ; Deal ; Brighton; Gravesend; Dover ; Southend ; Dorking ; Portland. Said by Dawson to be found abundantly under stones and clods of earth near Basingstoke, &c.; apparently confined to the south-east of England. H. obscurus, F. (= H. stictus, Steph., nee obscwrus, Daws. = 4 monticola, Dej.). (Fig. Steph. Ilust. viii. f. 6.) This species appears to be intermediate between the preceding and the common H. rotundicollis, Fairm. ; it is about the size of H. sabulicola, if anything rather larger; the posterior angles of thorax are more rounded than in the latter insect, but more visible than in H. rotundi- collis ; the apex of the elytra is deeply excised, and by this and its usually darker colour it may be distinguished from either of these two species. L. 13 mm. Very rare : Stephens mentions Hackney Marshes as a locality ; several specimens were taken many years ago by Dr. Power and Professor Babington at Swaffham in Cambridgeshire, and some of these they distributed as H. sabulicola; they probably still exist in old collections under this name. Mr. Matthews has a specimen from Weston, Oxfordshire; the species has not occurred for a very long time in England. Scotland, very rare Solway district, “ Raehills, Rev. W. Little,” Murray, Scot. Nat. viii, 278. H. rotundicollis, Fairm. (obscurus, Daws., difinis, Dej.). Very like H. sabulicola, but smaller, with the sides of the thorax completely rounded, posterior angles rounded, not visible ; the head and thorax are less closely punctured and the central furrow of the latter is more distinct ; the elytra are dark violet blue, and not, as a rule, greenish, as in the above species, and are very slightly sinuate or emarginate at apex. L. 10-11 mm. This species can hardly be separated from H. difinis, Dej., which only differs in having the sides of the thorax less rounded, and the elytra less sinuate at apex; the sinuation, however, of H. rotundicollis is so slight that in some specimens it is hardly perceptible. Rather common but local in salt marshes, and in chalky fields, on the sides of cliffs, &c., both near the coast and further inland ; very common in the Isle of Wight, and on the south coast generally; common in Kent and Surrey. I have never found Harpalus.] ADEPHAGA. 45 it in the north, and it does not appear in the Yorkshire, Durham and Northumber- land, Scotch or Irish lists. H. punctatulus, Duft. Oblong ovate, rather depressed, upper side green or bluish, often rather dull, antenne and palpi red; thorax broader than long, slightly rounded at sides, and contracted at base, posterior angles sharp right angles ; elytra very little wider than base of thorax, interstices of strie# very thickly and closely punctured. L. 8 mm. Not common; chalky places, in moss, &e.; occasionally brushed from herbage or running on pathways. Chatham, Dartford, Caterham, Lewisham, Croydon, Reigate Folkestone ; near Sandown and Ventnor, Isle of Wight; Bournemouth; Bath Hunstanton ; Colchester ; Swansea; Newark. Ireland, near Dublin, Dr. Power. H. azureus, F. Resembles the preceding, but is shorter, and as a rule more brilliantly coloured ; it is generally of a shining bright green colour ; the thorax has the posterior angles blunt; the elytra are broader in pro- portion to the thorax than in H. punctatulus, and the interstices are more coarsely and less closely punctured. L. 6-7 mm. The var. s¢milis, Dej., is pitchy with slight metallic reflection on the elytra, and has the interstices of the elytra more strongly punctured ; it occurs sparingly with the type. Local ; chalky places under stones and in moss; also at roots of plants and tufts of grass. Rather common in various localities in the Isle of Wight, also at Box Hill, Reigate, Folkestone, Malvern, Bath, &e.; Dover; Bournemouth; Margate; Sheppy ; Portland; Swansea; Hertford and other southern or mid-southern localities; not a northern insect. H. cordatus, Duft. Pitchy or reddish, with thorax often lighter ; thorax heart-shaped, strongly rounded in front and very strongly con- tracted behind, disc convex, posterior angles sharp, prominent; elytra oblong, with striz often plainly punctured, interstices thickly and finely punctured ; antennz and legs brown-red or red, femora sometimes rather darker, L. 7-9 mm. Rare : the chief locality appears to be Deal, where it is found at the roots of grass. Mr. Champion informs me that it has been recorded from Reigate and other inland localities, but probably in mistake for vars. of H. puncticollis or H. rupicola. H. rupicola, Sturm. Elongate, dark reddish-brown, head and thorax often lighter red ; thorax longer and narrower than in the succeeding species, with the sides rounded in front, but more obliquely and gradually narrowed behind, with posterior angles hardly right angles, and almost blunted ; elytra narrower and more elongate, pitchy, with the interstices more coarsely punctured than in any of the allied species; the female has the hinder edge of the last abdominal segment raised in the middle in a small tubercle, according to M. Bedel, but this character is not very evident. L. 6-8 mm. Chalky and sandy places, not common, although occasionally rather plentiful where it occurs ; Deal, Dover, Sheerness, Box Hill, Reigate, Southend, Hythe; Shipley, near Horsham (common); Malvern ; Burton-on-Trent ; Hunstanton ; Walton-on-Naze; Bournemouth ; Swannage ; Isle of Wight. 46 ADEPHAGA. [Zarpalus. H. puncticollis, Payk. Very like the preceding, but rather shorter and broader in form, colour similar, thorax extremely variable in shape, sometimes longer and more convex with sides strongly rounded in front and much contracted behind, with posterior angles very promi- nent (giving the insect somewhat the appearance of H. cordatus), at other times shorter with the sides less rounded and more obliquely con- tracted, with the posterior angles almost blunt; the interstices of the elytra are evidently less strongly punctured than in HZ. rupicola, although more so than in /. cordatus, from which latter insect it may also be dis- tinguished by the fact that the stri~# are always impunctate ; the female has the apex of the last abdominal segment simple ; the base of the thorax is sometimes bordered and sometimes presents no trace of a border, so that M. Bedel’s distinction, depending on this character, is unreliable. L. 6-8 mm. Widely distributed and in many places common throughout England; Scotland, rare, Lowlands. Ireland, near Dublin and Belfast, and probably common. I once took it on flower-heads that had gone to seed at Filey, Yorks. M. Bedel says that it occurs on the umbels of Daucus carota. H. rufibarbis, F. (brevicollis, Serv., cribellum, Steph.). Very closely resembles the preceding ; the thorax however is, as a rule, much shorter and broader than average specimens of H. puncticollis, and has the sides more rounded in front, and so, apparently, more strongly con- tracted behind ; the interstices of the elytra are finely and not quite so thickly punctured as in that species, and the whole form is rather shorter and broader. L. 6-8 mm. A widely distributed and sometimes abundant species in England; Scotland, ap- parently very rare; Dr. Sharp hasa specimen in his collection from Thornhill, near Dumfries; not recorded from Ireland. I once took it very abundantly at Repton ; in a space about a foot square I found between 100 and 200 examples near and upon an old decayed fir-stump: these specimens did not differ much among themselves. H. parallelus, Dej. Very like H. puncticollis in form, but much smaller and more parallel, with thorax about equal in length propor- tionally to that of ordinary specimens of H. rujfibarbis ; the posterior angles of the thorax are right angles and not produced ; the elytra are furnished with larger punctures or pores on the third, fifth, and seventh interstices, and the general colour is darker than the allied species, especially on the underside. L. 5-5; mm. Rare; first taken by H. Squire on the Sussex coast; Rochester ; Strood; Sheerness ; Eastbourne; Dover; Sandown, Isle of Wight. M. Bedel (1. c. p. 172) considers this species to be synonymous with H. puncticollis ; im some ways, however, it seems more closely related to H. rufibarbis ; the fact is, that it is almost impossible to separate these two latter species, and the distinctions that separate H. parallelus from them are so small when they come to be tested, that it seems almost impossible to retain it as a good species; neither the small size, Harpalus. | ADEPHAGA. 47 nor the shape of the thorax or of its posterior angles can be depended upon, and the other species, occasionally at any rate, have larger punc- tures in the interstices. Dr. Sharp, in his collection, has not attempted to assign his numerous specimens to either of the species, but has series numbered from 1 to 7 containing varieties that lead gradually from near cordatus to the most extreme rufibarbis; there are one or two inter- mediate specimens which it would be perfectly impossible to assign to either species. It seems extremely probable that H. rufibarbis, H. punc- ticollis, and H. parallelus will eventually be regarded as one variable species. (For notes on the doubtful species of Ophonus, &c., see Ent. Mo. Mag. xxii. 172.) (Sub-Gen. ii. Pseudophonus, Mots.) I. Posterior angles of thorax sharp and projecting; episterna of metathorax punctured . , . . +. - - . .. . . H.BUFICORNIS, F, II. Posterior angles of thorax blunt ; episterna of metathorax SINOOLDY.) vars) ss ate Moo ck s,s) oh at cpanel or cep ef tof LL. GRISEUS, Panz, H. ruficornis, F. Oblong, head and thorax black, somewhat shin- ing, the latter thickly punctured at sides, dise almost smooth, posterior angles sharp, projecting, somewhat acute ; elytra very dull, covered with fine close punctuation between strie, clothed entirely with a fine short greyish-golden pubescence ; legs red. L. 12-15 mm. Common and generally distributed throughout the kingdom as far north as the Moray district ; it does not, however, appear to occur in the extreme north of Scotland as far as is known at present. H. griseus, Panz. Very like the preceding, of which it has often been considered a variety, but the formation of the thorax renders it quite distinct: it is much smaller than H. rujicornis; the sides of the thorax are straighter and more parallel, less rounded in front, and less contracted behind, and the posterior angles are very blunt and almost rounded ; in nearly all other respects it closely resembles the above species, L. 10 mm. This species was first observed as British by Mr, Waterhouse (Ent. Ann. 1863, 68), but he did not know the locality of his specimens; it has been taken on Cannock Chase and, I believe, in the New Forest, and also in Ireland. (Sub-Gen. iii. Harpalus, i. sp.) I. External interstices of elytra entirely punctured. i, Colour very variable, metallic; legs almost always red; apex of elytra strongly emarginate, especially in male; length 8;-104 mm. ° ii. Colour black, not metallic ; Jegs black, tarsi red ; apex of elytra slightly sinuate ; length11-14 mm. H, catcratus, Slurm. II. External interstices of elytra smooth (except for the large regular punctures or pores on the mar- gin, and also at apex in some species) ; apical margin of elytra simply more or less sinuate. H. =yets, F. 48 ADEPITAGA, i. Metathoracic episterna narrow and elongate ; colour black or bluish black. 1. Length 7-8 mm. ; basal depressions of thorax very strong, space between almost smooth. . 2. Length 10-11 mm.; basal depressions of thorax shallow, the whole base more or less punctured ii. Metathoracic episterna broad and not elongate. 1. Base of thorax densely punctured or rugose throughout. A. Apex of seventh interstice of elytra with a row of 5-9 pores . . . «© » » » « s B. Apex of seventh interstice of elytra without pores. a. Upper side metallic green or bronze (often dull, almost black, in female). a*. Posterior angles right angles; length Shalt Deen eo ce OMe nae > en b*. Posterior angles blunt ; length 12mm, b. Upper side black, base of thorax lighter ordarkeriblue'h We) is) ot sw lehie c. Upper side black in both sexes. a*, Thorax with extreme margins light; elytra without large punctures or pores on third interstice . . . . .- . b*. Thorax entirely black ; elytrawith two or three pores on third interstice . .« 2. Base of thorax smooth oralmost smooth, with basal depressions very shallow, sometimes hardly indicated, sometimes obscurely rugose and punctured, A. Apex of 8th interstice of elytra with a series of pores; elytra produced at apex B. Apex of 8th interstice of elytra without a series of pores; elytra not produced at apex. a. Thorax not contracted from middle to base. a*, Form rather depressed ; elytra behind middle not or hardly broader than base of thorax. at. Legs black with tarsi red; thorax nearly as broad in front as behind bt. Tibia, tarsi, and femora unicolorous ; thorax much narrower in front than behind. at. Colour dark brown red or pitchy, margins of thorax broadly reddish ; antenne and legsred. . . + + bt. Colour black; antenne pitchy with lighter base, legs black . b*. Form very convex; elytra behind middle much broader than base of thorax ae) Sunde Sse ee b. Thorax feebly but perceptibly contracted from middle to base ; colour very vari- able, sometimes black, sometimes bright blue or greenish, metallic . . . - [ Tarpalus. H. CONSENTANEUS, Dej. H. TenEBROSUS, Dej. H, rusgires, Duft. H. piscorets, F. H. currevs, De). H. caspius, Sfev. H. tatvs, L. H. QuapEreuncratus, Dej. H. MELANoHOoLICos, Dej. H, rarpvs, Panz. H. serves, Duft. H. anxius, Duft, H. sernripes, Schén. H. 1@navous, Duft. Harpalus.] ADEPHAGA. 49 c. Thorax distinctly contracted at base, pos- terior angles either very blunt or rounded, a®, Elytra with pore on posterior third of third interstice ; upper side, legs, and antenne black; length7 mm. . . H. NEGLECTUS, Dey. b*. Elytra without pore on posterior third of third interstice ; upper side pitchy red, legs and antenne light red; length4mm.... . . . . . H. PICIPENNIS, Duft. H. eeneus, F. (Proteus, Payk.). Very variable in colour, brassy, coppery, bright green, purple, sometimes almost crimson, blue-black, or black, thorax and elytra not always unicolorous; antenne red with middle joints occasionally darker; thorax subquadrate, anterior and pos- terior margins about equal in breadth, posterior angles blunt right angles, base very finely punctured with a shallow depression on each side; elytra with sides almost straight, external interstices finely punctured ; apex very broadly and strongly excised in male, very strongly sinuate in female ; legs red, occasionally pitchy black. L. 83-103 mm. One of the commonest of our species ; abundant throughout the kingdom; it varies very considerably in size as well as in colour, small speeimens occasionally occurring which are not much larger than H. azureus; it can always be separated from the allied species by the formation of the apex of the elytra; the female is somewhat duller than the male, but the difference is not, as a rule, so marked in this species as in others of the genus ; the legs are occasionally dark. H. calceatus, Sturm. Black, or pitchy black, underside some- times pitchy brown; antenne and palpi clear red ; thorax much broader than long, with sides feebly rounded in front and very slightly con- tracted, almost straight, towards base, posterior angles right angles ; the entire base is coarsely and rugosely punctured, and is depressed on each side, but with no evident basal fovee ; elytra rather long, broader in front than base of thorax, with deep impunctate striz, interstices somewhat convex, the space between the eighth stria and the margin densely and finely punctured, besides the usual marginal row of large pores; metasternum rather strongly punctured; legs black or pitchy black, tarsi clear red. L. 11-14 mm. Very rare; lately (Jan. 1886) reinserted in the British list on a specimen taken by myself at Bridlington, Yorks, in 1879, and mistaken for H. tenebrosus, of which I did not possess a specimen: on Mr. Champion presenting me with a pair, I at once saw that my insect belonged to quite a different species; a single specimen is said to have been taken in 1830 near Swansea by Rev. C. Kuper; in France it is common, and flies to light. M. Bedel considers that the species belongs to the sub-genus Pseudophonus, its tarsi being somewhat pubescent, and not glabrous, but the fact that the outer interstices only are punctured, and that all the others are impunctate, seems to show that, although its position may be doubtful, it is better to place it among the true Harpali, in which case its natural position seems to be near H. eneus, (See Ent. Mo. Mag, xxii. 172.) H. consentaneus, Dej. (attenuatus, Steph.) Oblong, rather narrow, almost parallel ; male shining black, female dull black ; antenne E 50 ADEPHAGA. [Harpalus. and palpi red ; thorax rather convex, with sides rounded in front, and very slightly contracted behind, posterior angles sharp and prominent right angles, extreme lateral margins often reddish ; at the base are two deep and strongly punctured depressions, the space between which is almost smooth ; elytra slightly broader than thorax, deeply striated ; femora black, tibie and tarsi red. L, 7-9 mm. Sandy places, under moss, stones, &c. Local, but often found in abundance on the coast, rare inland. Sheerness; Deal; Folkestone; Woking; Eastbourne ; Hunstanton ; Isle of Wight; Isle of Man; Wallasey, near Liverpool; Devonshire ; North Wales. H. tenebrosus, Dej. (Wollastoni, Daws.). Oblong, black, or black with a very slight steel-blue tinge on the elytra; antenne red, middle joints darker at base ; thorax about one-third broader than long, widest a little before the middle, slightly narrowed in front and behind, posterior angles obtuse, blunt; atthe base on each side there is a shallow depression, more or less strongly punctured ; the remainder of the base is sometimes punctured throughout, or the intermediate space between the depressions is almost smooth ; elytra at base somewhat broader than base of thorax, with rather strong impunctate striae, apex sinuate aad strongly produced; femora and tibie pitchy black, tarsi red. The female is duller than the male, and apparently has the base of the thorax less punctured. } Very rare; Brighton; Battersea Fields (Rye, one example); Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth (common 1875-76, J. J. Walker, who could not however find it in 1885) ; Margate (Spiers); Ramsgate (Gorham); Eastbourne (A. C. Horner); Slapton Ley (Wollaston) ; Isle of Wight (W. G. Blatch); Swansea (W. G. Blateh) ; Northumberland and Durham (very rare, Bold). H. rubripes, Duft. Oblong oval, rather broad, convex ; colour variable, male brilliant green, purple, or bluish, female obscure dull green, sometimes almost black; antenne and palpi red; thorax trans- verse, slightly narrowed in front, very slightly contracted behind, pos- terior angles blunt right angles, central furrow very strongly marked, base with two shallow depressions, which together with the hase itself are punctured (more closely in female, however, than in male) ; elytra rather short and convex with impunctate striz; apex of seventh inter- stice with a row of from seven to nine pores; legs red. L. 9-10 mm. Sandy, chalky, and gravelly places, under stones, &c.; local; in abundance at Sandown, Isle of Wight, and other places in the south of England, and the London district generally; also occurs in the Midlands; rare further north, Whitby, &c. ; Scotland, rare Lowlands ; Ireland, near Belfust. The male of this species closely resembles H. eneus, but may easily be distinguished by the very slight sinuation of the apex of the elytra. H. discoideus, F. (smaragdinus, Duft.). Oblong, male shining brassy green or bluish, female dull pitchy black, margins of thorax (and more imperceptibly of elytra) edged with red; antennz and palpi testa- ceous red ; thorax much broader than long, scarcely narrowed behind, Harpalus. | ADEPHAGA. 51 posterior angles right angles, base with a rather broad rugose depression on each side, the base and depressions being thickly punctured ; elytra with impunctate striz, very slightly sinuate at apex; legs red. L. 9-10 mm. Very rare; sandy districts, at the roots of heath and under stones; Chobham (Champion) ; Gravesend; Brandon, Suffolk (J. J. Walker); Gomshall; Woburn, Beds; recorded by Dawson from Sandy, Bedfordshire, and Isle of Wight, H. cupreus, Dej. Oblong, rather broad, considerably larger than the preceding ; colour metallic green, more or less bronzed, sometimes cop- pery, not very shining; antennz pitchy with basal joint and sometimes part of more or less of the other joints light red ; thorax subquadrate, slightly narrowed in front, scarcely contracted behind, posterior angles blunt, with two ‘depressions at base, which with the base itself are thickly punctured ; elytra deeply striated, with the usually short sutural strie longer than in any other of our species, apex with hardly a trace of sinuation ; legs pitchy black, claws red. L. 12-13 mm. Very rare; Ryde, Cowes, and Sandown in the Isle of Wight. Mr. Horner took it not long ago at the latter place. Stephens gives the banks of the Thames below Gravesend as a locality, but this may have been in error. I have a specimen of this insect from Greece (sent by Reitter) which is larger and more convex than our British specimens, and has the legs and antenne clear red. H. caspius, Stev. (depressus, Duft., dimidiatus, Rossi). Oblong oyate, shining black with the base of the thorax (and sometimes its entire surface) greenish blue or violaceous, antenne fuscous, base light red ; thorax subquadrate, rather convex, sides slightly rounded in front and behind, posterior angles very blunt, almost rounded off, base with two shallow depressions, which with the base itself are thickly and some- what rugosely purictured ; elytra at base hardly as broad as base of thorax, with strong impunctate strie (occasionally feebly punctured in female), slightly sinuate at apex; fifth and seventh interstices with several pores at apex ; legs black, claws red. L. 12-13 mm. Local, but not uncommon in the south; on chalky hill-sides and in salt marshes, under stones, &ce. Whitstable, Gravesend, Sheerness, Dover, Reigate, Box Hill; Isle of Wight, Ventnor, Bonchurch, &.; Bournemouth; Weymouth; Portland. Apparently confined to the southern and south-eastern districts of England. H. latus, L. Oblong, shining black, with the extreme margins of the thorax reddish testaceous ; antenne and palpi red; thorax almost quadrate, slightly narrowed in front, not narrowed behind, posterior angles blunt right angles, with two shallow depressions at base, which with the base are closely and somewhat rugosely punctured; elytra strongly striated with scarcely a trace of sinuation at apex; legs red. L. 8-9 mm. Generally distributed and common throughout England ; Scotland, common Low- lands ; Ireland, common near Dublin, and Bessa generally distributed. Mr. Lewis E 2 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIDDADYV 52 ADEPHAGA, [Harpalus. captured a variety of this species at Folkestone, with metallic instead of black elytra, which Rye introduced as v. metallescens, (Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. 84.) H. quadripunctatus, Dej. Very like the preceding, but distin- guished by being rather larger and more parallel with a slight steel-blue reflection ; the thorax is not furnished with the testaceous edge so evident in H. latus ; on the apical half of the third interstice of each elytron are two or three large pores, which are wanting in that species. L. 9-10 mm. A very local northern species, chiefly confined to the Highlands of Scotland ; Braemar, Aviemore, &c. ; Newcastle; recorded by Mr. W.G. Blatch from Cheddar ; it has also occurred in Ireland. H. melancholicus, Dej. Male shining black, female duller; antenne red, intermediate joints sometimes dusky; thorax subquadrate, a little narrowed in front, with sides quite straight behind, posterior angles almost right angles, but blunt and slightly obtuse, disc much wrinkled, base depressed with a fovea on each side, sometimes almost smooth, sometimes with coarse scattered punctures; elytra rather parallel, with distinct strie, eighth interstice from the suture with a row of pores at apex, apex considerably produced ; legs pitchy, tarsi lighter. L. 10-11 mm. Rare. Swansea; Tenby ; North Wales, Conway, &c.; Deal; Plumstead, Kent. In Mr. Champion’s collection is a very small variety about 8 mm. long, taken by Mr. J.J. Walker in 1885 in the Isle of Portland, Dorset. H. tardus, Panz. (Fréhlichi, Sturm). Male shining black; female duller; antennz and palpi clear red; thorax broad, subquadrate, slightly narrowed in front, with sides straight behind, posterior angles rather blunt, but almost right angles, base with an almost obsolete depression on each side, somewhat punctured in male, almost entirely smooth in female ; elytra with very feebly-punctured strie ; femora and tibie pitchy black, apex of latter and tarsi red. L. 9-10 mm. : Sandy places under stones, &c.; common throughout England on the coast and inland ; Scotland, rare, Aviemore, Glasgow, &c.; Ireland. Resembles H. melancholicus, but may at once be distinguished by not having the apex of the elytra produced, and by the absence of pores at the apex of the eighth interstice of elytra. H. servus, Duft. Oval, rather flat, reddish brown or pitchy, with the sides of thorax, especially at posterior angles, broadly red ; antenne red ; thorax broadest at base, gradually rounded and narrowed from base to apex, posterior margin emarginate from angle to angle in an are of a circle, thus rendering the posterior angles bluntly pointed, base with two depressions, smooth ; elytra finely striated, very feebly sinuate at apex ; lees black, apex of tibiae, and tarsi, reddish brown. L. 8-9 mm. Sandy places, on or near the coast, rare; Deal ; Romney Sands and Covert Wood (Tylden) ; Saudwich; Southend; Hastings ; Folkestone; Portsmouth ; Yarmouth ; Fluustauton. Harpalus. | ADEPHAGA. 53 H. anxius, Duft. Closely resembles the preceding, but is smaller, and longer oval, black, with the antenne lighter or darker brown, base red ; thorax usually as in H. servis, but occasionally the hind margin is straight or almost straight, and so the posterior angles are simply blunted ; elytra almost parallel-sided, finely striated; legs black, extreme apex of tibie, as a rule, and claws, reddish. L. 7-8 mm. Sandy coasts ; abundant in the south; apparently not found in the north. H. serripes, Schon. (stygius Steph., convexus, Fairm.). Black, very convex, male shining, female duller, but not so much so as in other allied species ; antenne with basal joint bright red, the two or three following dusky at base, the rest dull ferruginous; thorax narrowed in front, very gradually and imperceptibly contracted from about middle to base, posterior angles obtuse, base with an obsolete depression on each side, almost smooth; elytra narrowed in front, widened behind, wider behind middle than base of thorax, with strong striz, the third inter- stice with a pore behind close to the second stria; legs pitchy black. L. 9-11 mm. Sandy coasts; not uncommon in the south; Deal; Sheerness; Margate; Wey- mouth; Portland ; Isle of Wight; also Wallasey, near Liverpool. H. ignavus, Duit. (honestus, Duft, rufitarsis, Duft.). Colour variable, blue, blue-black or black (foreign specimens are sometimes bright green or bronze); antennz red, intermediate joints sometimes dusky ; thorax feebly rounded at sides, gradually contracted from middle to base, with posterior angles nearly right angles, base with a depression on each side ; elytra very strongly striated, slightly but plainly sinuate at apex ; legs pitch-black, tarsi lighter. L. 8-9 mm. The coloured varieties of this species are the Carabus honestus, Duft. This species M. Bede] retains as distinct from zgnavus, on the ground of its colour, and the fact that the sutural angle of the elytra in female is produced “en forme d’épine” and not “simplement aigu” as in the type species ; there appears, however, to ke no real structural difference. Sandy places; common in the London district; Hythe; Bournemouth; South- ampton; Isle of Wight; Bristol Ireland, Portmarnock. Not recorded from the north of England or Scotland. H. neglectus, Dej. Ovate, shining black; antenne with first joint red, apex dull red, the rest black or pitchy ; thorax short, sides rounded in front and behind, strongly contracted to base, posterior angles rounded but visible, base with a deep depression on each side; elytra ovate, rather convex, third interstice with a pore close to the second stria; legs pitchy black, tarsi red. L. 7-8 mm. This species is about the size of H. anzius, and is often confounded with it, but the rounded sides and posterior angles of thorax at once distinguish it. Sandy coasts, local, but not uncommon; Chesil Bank (abundant); Weymouth; Bournemouth ; Swansea; Barmouth; Rhyl; Wallasey. 54 ADEPHAGA. [Harpalus. H. picipennis, Duft. (vernalis, F.). The smallest species of the genus that we possess ; ovate, pitchy, antennze red ; thorax transverse, narrowed in front and behind, with posterior angles rounded, base with an oblong depression on each side, wholly impunctate ; elytra with fine striz, without pore on third interstice ; legs red. L. 4-6 mm. Not common ; on sandy coasts; Chesil Bank; Exmouth; Weymouth; recorded by Dawson from the coasts of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. Besides the above species, H. luteicornis, Duft.,and H. sulphuripes,Germ., have been included in the British list ; the specimens, however, appear to have been erroneously determined, and to have belonged to other allied indigenous species: H. luteicornis is closely allied to H. latus, but is smaller, with the posterior angles of the thorax sharp right angles and not blunt as in that species, and the base moreweakly punctured ; the antenne and legs are also lighter; H. sulphuripes comes very near to H, ignavus v. honestus, but is considerably smaller, with the sides of the thorax more strongly contracted behind, and the apex of the elytra more sinuate; it differs also by the fact that the tibie and tarsi are entirely red, only the femora being dark : for specimens of these species I am indebted to the kindness of Herr Reitter. ANISODACTYLINA. The Anisodactylina are characterized by having the dilated joints of the anterior tarsi of the males furnished beneath with a thick brush-like clothing of short erect hairs, or, as some authors term it, “‘spongy pubescent ;” several of the genera are somewhat intermediate between the Harpalina and Anisodactylina, for instance Déichdrotrichus, which by some writers is classed under Bradycellus ; Diachromus also is some- times included under the Harpalina, but seems decidedly to belong to the Anisodactylina ; Dichirotrichus, however, has the soles of the dilated joints partly squamose and partly pubescent ; as in some of the Patelli- mani, some of the hairs are dilated at their apices, and show a tendency to assume a scale form; on the whole, however, it appears best to class it with the Anisodactylina. The curious genus Gynandromorphus, which Dr. Horn would suppress as belonging to Anisodactylus proper, seems abundantly distinct through the strongly dilated first joint of the tarsi of the female. I. Anterior tibia armed with one apical spine only (simple or tricuspid). i. First joint of anterior tarsi of male as broad as the following joints. 1. Intermediate tarsi not dilated in male. . . . . Drourrorricnus, Due, 2. Intermediate tarsi dilated in male . . ScybaLicus, Schaum. ii. First joint of anterior tarsi of male conspicuously narrower than the following joints. . Antsopacrytus, De). II. Anterior tibiee armed with two apical spines, the: one large, the other small. . . oe ea . . Dracnromvs, Z£r. on or Dichirotrichus. | ADEPHAGA. DICHIROTRICHUS, Duval. About ten species are contained in this genus, which are widely dis- tributed throughout Europe, one only occurring as far south as the Canary Islands; our two species may be separated as follows :— I. Interstices of elytra broad with three rows of irregular punctures on each ; striz weak, almost impunctate . . D. opsotEerus, Dej. II. Interstices of elytra narrow with one or two rows of irregular punctures on each; stri strong . . . . . D. PUBESCENS, Payk. The larva of D. pubescens is described by Schiddte (iii. 259, Pl. xxii., Fig. 19) as belonging to the genus Bradycellus ; it very closely resembles that of Stenolophus, but is somewhat broader with the head rather larger, and the anal appendage very short and stout ; the maxille, especially the stipites, are much larger, and the dorsal abdominal scuta are smaller; the colour is white with the legs, cerci, and dorsal scuta pale ferruginous, with darker markings on head and segments of thorax; the pro- thorax is transverse with all its angles obtuse, slightly convex, with the sides sharply and narrowly margined : the larva is found in salt marshes with the perfect insect. D. obsoletus, Dej. Always ofa light testaceous colour, with a dusky streak on each elytron, head sometimes dark; thorax about as long as broad with sides slightly rounded in front and narrowed behind, with a very strong oblong depression on each side at base ; elytra broad with fine striz which are almost impunctate, interstices with three irregular rows of punctures on each; legs light testaceous. L. 7 mm. Locally abundant ; salt marshes beneath stones, clods of earth, &e.; Lymington Salterns, Whitstable, Sheerness, and other places on the south and south-east coasts, but not occurring further north. D. pubescens, Payk. Very like the preceding, but smaller and narrower, and, as a rule, much darker in colour, being sometimes entirely pitchy ; the thorax is more cordiform and the punctures on its disc are larger and more diffuse ; the elytra are narrower in proportion to thorax with strong and strongly punctured striz, interstices with one or two irregular rows of punctures on each. L. 6 mm. Salt marshes and banks of tidal rivers: very common in England; Scotland rather widely distributed but local; Ireland, near Dublin and Belfast, and probably common, SCYBALICUWS, Schaum. This small genus was formed by Schaum to include one or two insects that were formerly included under Harpalus, but which were evidently quite distinct in several particulars; he first named the genus Apatelus, but afterwards gave it its present name. S. oblongiusculus, Dej. About the size and build of H. rotundtcollis but rather narrower ; dark pitchy red ; antenne and palpi ferruginous ; head strongly punctured ; thorax with sides rounded in front, strongly contracted behind, posterior angles rounded, with distinct central furrow ending in a depression in front and behind, strongly punctured through- 56 ADEPHAGA. [Scybalicus. out, strongly depressed and more closely punctured behind ; elytra rather flat, somewhat parallel-sided, with rather strong striz, interstices closely punctured, the surface entirely clothed with thick yellowish pubescence (as in H. ruficornis) ; legs ferruginous. L. 11-13 mm. This fine addition to our fauna is due to Mr. J. T. Harris, who took a single specimen near Portland in 1878; in 1879 Mr. P. B. Mason took about twenty speci- mens in the same locality under stones: three specimens only have occurred there since, two taken by Mr. J. J. Walker, one soon after Mr. Mason took his specimens, and another in the autumn of 1885, and one by Rey. O. P. Cambridge ; these later captures prove that it is still in the neighbourhood, and was not a chance importation, but it seems strange that so large and conspicuous an insect for so long escaped de- tection. ANISODACTYLUS, Dejean. This genus contains about seventy-five species, which are very widely distributed over the surface of the globe; it is curious, however, that only seven of these occur in Europe (of which three belong to the sub- genus Dichirus, Mann.), while in Crotch’s “ Check List of the Coleoptera of North America” no fewer than forty-five species are enumerated ; on the other hand, the European species of Harpalus are double the number of those found in North America. In general appearance the Anisodactyli closely resemble the Harpali; they are usually found in damp localities under stones and clods of earth. I. Posterior angles of thorax prominent; colour black . . A, BINOTATUS, F. II. Posterior angles of thorax rounded; colour metallic, WAUIADID Ss ois tel ate < ewe le el we auderie gpAnECcOLLORD Ra ween ma A. binotatus, F. Black, somewhat shining; antennz pitchy, first and sometimes part of second joint red ; head with two red spots on the forehead between eyes, often confluent, sometimes obsolete; thorax transverse, feebly rounded at sides, contracted gradually towards base, posterior angles produced at their extreme apex into a small sharp tooth, dise somewhat obscurely wrinkled longitudinally, base strongly and closely punctured throughout, with a broad shallow depression on each side ; elytra somewhat parallel-sided, dise strongly striated, distinctly sinuate at apex ; legs black, tarsi reddish. LL. 10-12 mm. Rather widely distributed and common in the south of England, rarer in the north; Scotland, local, Lowlands. V. spurcaticornis, Dej. Resembles the preceding, but has the legs entirely red: occurs with the type. V. atricornis, Steph. (Harpalus atricornis, Steph., Daws.). This variety is so very much smaller than the type, and looks so different, that it is almost impossible to regard it as anything but a distinct species : on closer examination, however, there does not appear to be any one point on which it can be separated ; in size and general appearance it very closely resembles Harpalus tardus. L. 8 mm. Sandy plates, rare, and found unassociated with the type form; Bournemouth Anisodactylus. | ADEPHAGA, 57 (Sharp); Woking (Power) ; Chobham (Saunders and Champion) ; Reigate ; Wimbledon. Stephens gives as localities “near London, Windsor, and in Glamorganshire.” A. peeciloides, Steph. (sub-gen. Dichirus, Mann.). Colour variable, brassy green or coppery, sometimes brilliant green, occasionally with a bluish or reddish tinge ; antenne pitchy, basal joint red underneath ; head with a red spot (often obsolete) between eyes; thorax with sides rounded, widest in middle, posterior angles rounded, base with a large punctured fovea on each side; elytra deeply striated, sinuate at apex, interstices convex, legs black, claws red. L. 9-11 mm. Local, salt marshes, under stones, &c. Deal, Dover, Sheerness, Gravesend, Sheppy ; Lymington Salterns and Christchurch ; Isle of Wight; Weymouth ; Walton-on-Nuze : apparently not found in the north, or in Scotland. DIACHROMUS, Erichson. One species only belongs to this genus, which is common over the whole of central and the greater part of southern Europe, but is doubtfully indigenous as British. D. germanus, Er. Head testaceous red very finely punctured, antenne red ; thorax bluish or greenish with testaceous margins, with sides dilated and rounded behind anterior angles, contracted behind, posterior angles somewhat acute, the entire surface very closely punctured ; elytra ovate, testaceous red, with a bluish or greenish patch at apex, finely striated, interstices thickly and finely punctured ; underside shining black except of head, which is testaceous ; legs reddish testaceous. L. 3-83 mm. Very rare; a few specimens have been taken running on the pathways at St. Leonards, Deal, Hastings, &c., by Mr. F. Smith, Mr. S, Stevens, Mr. E. Saunders, and others. Dr. Leach recorded it from Kingsbridge in Devonshire: in its usual localities it appears to be found under stones or on the stems of grasses, &., in marshy places. Sub-Div. iv. Tripalmati. The members of this division are distinguished by the fact that the males have the first three joints of the anterior tarsi dilated (cordiform or emarginate), and clothed underneath with squame. The tribes may be distinguished as follows :— I. Head with one supra-orbital setigerous puncture. . . . . ZABRINA. II. Head with two supra-orbital setigerous punctures. i, Epipleure of elytra with the edges interrupted at the level of the last abdominal segment. 1. Terminal joint of the labial palpi as long as, or longer than the penultimate, the latter bisetose in front . . . PYEROSTICHINA. 2. Terminal joint of the labial palpi shorter than the penul- timate, the latter plurisetose in front . . . . AMARINA. ii. Epipleure of elytra continuous to apex, edges not interrupted ANOHOMENINA, 58 ADEPHAGA. (Zabrina. ZABRINA. The genus Zabrus is placed by Schaum, Lacordaire, and other authors in the Pterostichina ; it is, however, an intermediate genus, and is best regarded as forming a separate tribe between the Harpalina and the Pterostichina ; it possesses, as Dr. Horn remarks, strongly marked characters of each of these tribes, but is abundantly distinct from either by the structure of the anterior tibiz ; the head and thorax are akin to those of the Harpali, while the elytra and anterior tarsi belong rather to Pterostichus, ZABRWS, Clairville. This genus comprises a considerable number of species which are chiefly found in the Europeo-Mediterranean countries, including Asia Minor, Syria, and the district reaching to the Caspian Sea. The Zabri are said both in their larval and perfect state to do considerable damage to grain crops. The larva is figured by Westwood (Classif. i. 67, Fig. 2, 6), and by Sturm (Insect. Deutsch., Pl. xeviii.): it is of the ordinary type, long and flattened, with the segments of nearly equal breadth except towards the apex of abdomen, where they become narrower ; the body is said to be of a more fleshy consistence than usual; the cerci are rather short, and the muscular impressions of the scuta well marked ; according to Germar these larvze bury themselves in the earth during the day-time several inches deep, and come out to feed at night; they remain in the larval state for about three years, and then form for themselves an oval cavity in the earth, sometimes two feet deep, whence they emerge in the perfect state in about a month. The perfect insects do considerable damage by climbing up the corn-stalks and opening the husks of the grains, and devouring the interior ; it would appear, however, that they are in part carnivorous, and not entirely vegetable feeders. Several of the Harpali and Amare seem to resemble them in their habit of feeding on the seeds of plants, the pith and stems of grasses, &e. Z. gibbus, F. (piger, Foure., tenebrioides, Gceze). Convex, deep black, occasionally with a feeble metallic tinge; antenne and palpi ferruginous ; thorax transverse, slightly narrowed in front, sides almost straight behind, posterior angles blunt right angles, base rather broader than extreme base of elytra, coarsely and strongly punctured in front and behind, dise much wrinkled ; elytra broad, parallel, with strong punc- tured strize ; femora black, tibiz and tarsi reddish. L. 14-16 mm. Very local, but occasionally common; corn-fields, &c., under stones, and on grass and corn-stems at dusk ; Sheerness (abundant at times), Chatham, Walmer, Croydon, Richmond, Sandown (Isle of Wight), Hythe, Brighton, Dover, Worthing, Colchester, Overton (Hants), &e.; also recorded by Stephens from Cambridge. PTEROSTICHINA. This tribe, as here characterized, contains our three genera, Sfomis, Pierostichina.] ADEPHAGA. 59 Pterostichus, and Platyderus; Schaum includes the Anchomenina, Amarina, and also Patrobus, Pogonus, &c., thus forming so unwieldy a tribe that it is totally incapable of any reasonable definition. The tribe, as here laid down, is separated from the Zabrina by the fact that the head has two supra-orbital setigerous punctures instead of one, from the Amarina by having the terminal joint of the labial palpi as long as or longer than the preceding, which is bisetose in front, instead of being shorter and plurisetose, and from the Anchomenina by having the epipleure interrupted at the level of the last abdominal segment, instead of being continuous to apex. I. Mandibles long and prominent, more than half the length of the head; maxille not hooked at the tip . . . .. . II. Mandibles not prominent, shorter than half the length of the head ; maxilla hooked at the tip. i. Tooth of mentum simple; thorax with anterior margin produced in front, bisinuate eerie evs ee ii. Tooth of mentum emarginate; thorax with anterior margin not produced in front, straight or almost Bint hine se Mil seen Ae ated fle eh ee he GY cs) ae Ee RERORTIOHUS, Lire Stomis, Clairv. PLATYDERUS, Steph. STOMIS, Clairville. This genus contains only four species, three of which are European: they are chiefly remarkable for the size of their mandibles. S. pumicatus, Panz. Elongate, pitchy black, shining ; head narrow, palpi and antenne red ; thorax elongate, strongly rounded behind anterior angles, very much contracted behind, posterior angles acute and pro- minent, dise convex, central furrow well marked, base with an oblong fovea on each side ; elytra rather long, ovate, with nine strongly punc- tured, almost crenulate striz ; legs red. L. 6-8 mm. Under stones, flood refuse, &c. ; not uncommon in England and Ireland, although never taken in any one place in abundance. Scotland, not common, Lowlands, PLATYDERWS, Stephens. The species of this genus approach closely to the Calathi; they are about twenty-four in number (about twelve, according to M. Bedel, who considers the number much exaggerated), and inhabit the Europeo- Mediterranean regicn and the Canary Islands, &c. We possess one species only as British. M. Bedel places the genus between Sphodrus and Calathus, and considers that it has nothing to do with Pterostichus at all. P. ruficollis, Marsh. Elongate, flat, pitchy-black or ferruginous ; head pitchy very shining, antenne and palpi lighter or darker red ; thorax always more or less rufescent, about as long as broad, anterior angles somewhat prominent, sides curved gradually to base, posterior angles obtuse almost rounded, with a strongly impressed dorsal furrow, and a 60 ADEPHAGA. [Platyderus. strong depression on each side at base ; elytra wider than thorax, flat, finely striated, with three distinct pores on third interstice; legs red. L. 6-7 mm. Sandy and chalky places, under stones, moss, dead leaves, &c.; local, but widely distributed. London district; Margate; Folkestone; Bournemouth; Brighton; Burton, Repton, Lichfield, Derby, Belper and other midland localities ; Tonbridge ; Cheddar ; on the sea coast Northumberland, not rare. Not recorded, apparently, from Scotland or Ireland. PTEROSTICHUS, Erichson. This genus, if we include all the sub-genera, is one of the largest, in point of numbers, of the whole family of Carabide ; the species are widely distributed throughout the globe, but by far the greater majority belong to the temperate and cold regions of the northern hemisphere. In its widest sense it is synonymous with the genus Feronda, Latreille. The larva of Pterostichus nigrita is figured by Schiddte (iii., Pl. xix., Fig. 9). It is narrow and linear, somewhat depressed ; the prothorax is shining, very finely reticu- late, rather broader than long, narrowed in front where it is about as broad as the head; the head and pronotum are dark ; the rest of the scuta are pale with a few darker markings; the abdominal segments become narrower behind, and the ninth is furnished with two cerci of ordinary length ; the anal appendage is bifurcate at the tip; the sete of the whole body are rather long, slender, and erect; the legs are short and the claws almost equal: the larva is found commonly in damp places under stones, &e. ae larva of Pt. melanarius very closely resembles the preceding, but of course is much arger. The larva of Abaz striola (figured by Schiddte, vi., Pl. i., Fig. 3) differs considerably from these two: it is much stouter; the colour is entirely pale fuscous, with the mandibles darker ; the cerei are much longer and jointed, and the anal appendage is not bifureate; the mandibles are larger, stronger, and more curved, and the muscular impressions on the scuta are well marked: the larva is found under dead leaves, in moss, rotten stumps, &e. The genus contains such a large number of widely differing elements that it is almost impossible to divide it satisfactorily ; there are within it a considerable number of sub-genera, many of which have been already considered quite distinct ; at the same time the whole question is by no means settled, and a careful examination and revision of the whole of the species is required before a final decision can be arrived at ; mean- while, for convenience sake, it seems the best plan to adopt the genera that have been founded as sub-genera, and to found the divisions of the species upon them as follows :— I. Elytra with the third interstice furnished with one or more pores; seventh interstice not raised. i. Tarsi without furrow on their dorsal surface. 1. Elytra with seutellary stria. A. Antenne with basal joints compressed above ; colour bright metallic . . 2. . . . ss Pecrtvs, Bon, B. Antenne with basal joints not compressed ; colour black. a. Prosternal process not margined at base . . . Prsrosticnus, Lr. b. Prosternal process finely bordered between the anterior comm . se 6 We ee ee +, ADELONIA, Dfeph. Pterostichis. | ADEPHAGA. 61 2. Elytra without scutellary stria . . . Pgrprius, Mots. ii. Tarsi with a distinct furrow running along the middle of their dorsal surface, elytra without scutellary stria . . . . Lagarus, Chaud. II. Elytra without pores on the third interstice ; seventh interstice raised, somewhat costiform at base . . . . ABAX, Bon. The sub-genus Pterostichus may be further subdivided as follows :—~ I. Metathoracic episterna as broad or almost as broad as long. i. Posterior angles of thorax rounded; elytra with a dis- tinct stria between the series, of large ae and eee margin . . . StTERoPUS, Meg. . Posterior angles of thorax well marked ; elytra with. oh distinct stria between the series of large pores and side margin. 1. Metathoracie episterna a little longer than broad ; upper surface lighter or darker prene.s ane of elytra produced . . . Puarysma, Bon. 2. Metathoracic episterna ‘fully as broad as “long ; elytra black with iridescent reflection ; ea of elytra not produced. . . . PrEROSTICHUS, i. sp. II. Metathoracic episterna distinctly longer than broad. i. Apical joint of palpi cylindrical, truncate; lateral margin of thorax us a rule broad with a distinct chan- nel on its inner side; species larger, 1, Thorax with posterior angles rounded or almost rounded ; shoulders of elytra rounded simple . . . JyprERus, Chaud. 2. Thorax with posterior angles very distinct, usually sharp and pointed; shoulders of elytra rounded, fur- nished with a small tooth. . - OmasEvs, Ziegl. ii. Apical joint of palpi long oval, hardly truncate ; lateral margin of thorax narrow without channel; species Srnltay vay ePe Mw, OS aes (SE ELI ER AMT Are@utor, Meg. (Sub-Gen. Poecilus, Bonelli.) I. Lateral border of thorax explanate at base. i, Head thickly punctured. . . . . . . . . . . P. cupReEus, Z. ii, Head smooth or almost smooth . . . . . . . . P. VERSICOLOR, Sturm. II. Lateral border of thorax not explanate. i. Thorax coppery red, elytra green, the former not or searcely contracted behind . . P. pimip1atus, Ol. ii. Thorax and elytra concolorous, the former distinctly contracted behind . . ..... +... =. ~. ~. P. LEPIDUS, P.cupreus, L. Oblong, female more oval, winged; colour very variable, green, brassy, coppery, purplish, or nearly black ; antennze black with two joints at base red ; thorax subquadrate narrowed in front, sides moderately rounded, broadly margined, posterior angles not quite right angles, with plain central furrow ‘and two depressions at base, the outer one somewhat obsolete and close to angle ; elytra broader than thorax, rather flat, moderately deeply striated, the third interstice with three distinct pores behind ; legs black. L. 10-12 mm, 62 ADEPHAGA. [ Pterostichus. Widely distributed and common in England and Ireland; Scotland, common, Lowlands. The variety P. afinis, Sturm, has the legs entirely red. P. versicolor, Sturm ( pauciseta, Thoms., erulescens, L. (1)). Very like the preceding, of which it has by many authors been considered a variety, but it is usually smaller and of a brighter colour, and is distinct by its smooth head, and the fact that the hind tibie are furnished with about six bristles on their inner side instead of about ten as in P. cupreus. L. 10 mm. Widely distributed and rather common in the middle and south of England and Ireland ; in the north of England and in Scotland it is much commoner than the preceding. P. dimidiatus, Ol. Oblong; head and thorax shining coppery red, elytra brilliant metallic green, sometimes blackish, antenne black or fus- cous brown with the two first joints red underneath ; thorax subquadrate, with sides evenly rounded, posterior angles obtuse, with plain dorsal furrow, base rugose with two oblong depressions, the outer one shortest ; elytra hardly broader than thorax, with well marked and strongly punctured striz ; legs black. L. 13-14 mm. Rare; it used to be taken abundantly on Hampstead Heath and Wandsworth Common ; Wimbledon, Belvedere, Shirley, Barnes, Red Hill, Reigate, Coombe Wood ; also recorded from Folkestone; New Forest, near Lyndhurst. P. lepidus, F. Narrower and more oblong than the preceding species, apterous; colour variable as in P. cupreus, but usually cop- pery, males shining, females dull, antenne and palpi entirely black ; thorax narrower and more quadrate than in P. dimidiatus, with sides straighter and more contracted behind, and the basal depressions deeper and stronger ; elytra oblong, with moderately strong stri# which are almost impunctate ; legs wholly black. L. 11-12 mm. Very local; Dartford, Esher, Charlton, Weybridge, Chobham ; Cannock Chase (dis- covered by Mr. W. G. Blatch, who founditin some numbers); New Forest ; Scotland, very local, Lowlands, Tay, Moray, Clyde; Ireland, Waterford. Dawson gives the following as localities: Norfolk, Devon, Hants, Ely, Cambridge, Northampton, Hert- ford, and Darenth Wood. (Sub-Gen. Steropus, Mezgerle.) I. Third interstice of elytra with one impression (on posterior third)isofart., fivesthae «lea. Weeet Suet ceo 2 S. mapipts, F. Il. Third interstice of elytra with three or four almost equi- distant impressions . . . - - » + =» + « + « « « S, STHIOPS, Pans. P. madidus, F. Shining black, apterous, antenne black fuscous towards apex ; thorax with sides evenly rounded, somewhat narrowed towards base, posterior angles rounded, with distinct dorsal furrow, base with a deep fovea on each side close to angle ; elytra ovate, convex, with moderately strong strie which are obsoletely punctured, third interstice Pterostichus, | ADEPHAGA, 63 with a deep impressed puncture on posterior third ; legs black, often entirely red; last segment of abdomen in male with a deep furrow at apex, and a short raised ridge just before it. L. 14-16 mm. Common throughout the kingdom. P. zthiops, Panz. Smaller and shorter than the preceding ; thorax more plainly transverse, and less contracted behind middle ; elytra shorter and more ovate than in P. madidus, the strie impunctate, third interstice with three impressed punctures ; last segment of abdomen in male with a furrow at apex and a large obtuse tooth just before it. L. 11-12 mm. A mountain species; plentiful on Snowdon and other Welsh mountains; Cheviot Hills ; Rothley Lakes, Northumberland ; Scotland, local, Highlands. (Sub-Gen. Platysma, Bonelli.) I. Prothorax not strongly rounded in front, about as RONPVOsUnTOAO Ss ia els eens ee ein) sreustt oh Mau II. Prothorax strongly rounded in front, distinctly broader thanlong . . . . - 2 «+ « « . P. yirrevs, De). P. OBLONGO-PUNCTATUS, F. P. oblongo-punctatus, F. Brassy black, winged, antenne pitch- black, palpi reddish ; thorax quadrate, as long as broad, anterior angles prominent, sides rounded from angles to behind middle, thence con- tracted to posterior angles, which are acute and very prominent, dorsal furrow distinct ending in a depression in front and behind, base with a large punctured fovea on each side ; elytra broader than thorax, some- what flat, with strong striz, with three to six large round impressions on or near the third interstice ; femora pitchy black, tibie and tarsi reddish. L. 10-12 mm. In woods, under chips, &c.; abundant in the Forest of Dean; Bagley Wood, Oxon ; Robins Wood, Repton ; Langworth Wood, Lincoln; Northampton ; Windsor; Devon- shire; Scotland, very local, Highlands, in fir woods, Tay, Dee; also recorded from Ireland. P. vitreus, Dej. (orinomus, Steph.). Very like the preceding, but easily distinguished by its blacker colour, and distinctly transverse thorax, which has the sides more rounded and the posterior angles less projecting ; the elytra are less strongly striated, and are less widened behind the middle, being almost parallel-sided for three-quarters of their length. L. 10 mm. A mountain species ; local, but widely distributed ; Llangollen and other places in Wales; Yorkshire Moors; Axe Edge, Buxton; Church Stretton; South Shields; Cheviots. Scotland, widely distributed, but not common, from the Tweed to the Orkneys. Ireland, near Dublin, &e. : the Irish specimens are more brassy, and were called by Stephens Omaseus Bulwerii. (Sub-Gen. Pterostichus, i. sp.) P. cristatus, Dufour (parumpunctatus, Germ.). Black, slightly iridescent, apterous ; anteune black with apical joints fuscous ; thorax 64 ADEPHAGA, [Pterostichus. cordiform, rounded in front contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, with their apex slightly produced and obtuse, dise with a deep central furrow, and a very strong impressed oblong depression on each side, and a smaller one, sometimes obsolete, close to angles ; elytra oblong ovate, deeply striated, interstices convex, the third with three impres- sions ; the male has a longitudinally elevated ridge on the last abdominal segment which forms at its apex a small tooth; legs brown-black. L. 14-16 mm. Very local; the only locality appears to be the Northumberland and Durham dis- trict, where it occurs occasionally in numbers near Newcastle, Sunderland, Ravens- worth, Long Benton, and other places. (Sub-Gen. Lyperus, Chaudoir. Lyperosomus, Mots.) P. aterrimus, Payk. Very deep shining black, winged ; antenne black, apex slightly fuscous ; thorax subquadrate, rather broader than long, with sides feeoly rounded, very slightly contracted towards base, posterior angles rounded, margins broadly reflexed especially at posterior angles, central furrow very distinct, continued to base, but interrupted in front by a strong semicircular furrow, base depressed with a large punctured fovea on each side near angles; elytra oblong, not much broader than thorax, parallel-sided, with moderately’strong stria# near suture, which become very feeble on the sides; the stri# are more or less punctured, and are much weaker in the female than the male ; the third interstice has three large round impressions, but the posjtion of these is variable, as one or two of them are often situated in the stria or on the second interstice ; legs black. L. 11-12 mm. Very local, but formerly abundant in Whittlesea Mere ; also found in various places in the Cambridgeshire Fens, Horning Fen, Norfolk, &c., “ basking in the sun, on the soft mud, at the edge of the turf pits” (Stephens, Illust. i. 113). It is also said to have occurred in Ireland, near Cork: it has become exceedingly scarce, and I do not know of any record of its capture for many years past. (Sub-Gen. Omaseus, Ziegler. Melanius, Bon. pars) I. Antenne with joints 4-10 slender, elongate ; thorax with sides almost straight from middle to base. Length 18-20 nom.) -Sicas ae apel Ase sae ae Il. Antenna with joints 4-10 shorter and thicker in com- parison ; thorax with sides rounded almost to base. i.Lateral border of thorax widened behind. Length 16-17: ate cere odie tates: Sai Sh, we ii. Lateral border of thorax not widened behind. Length not exceeding 11 mm. 1.Apex of elytra at suture furnished with a little tooth (female) or sharply angled (male); anal segment of abdomen in male with a large deep, round or oval, depression . . - © 5 + © © © «© @ ow 2. Apex of elytra at suture bluntly rounded ; anal seg- ment of abdomen in male without depression, A. Abdomen punctured on the sides ; anal segment of abdomen in male with a small raised tubercle . . P. yigrira, F. P. NIGER, Schall. P. vurearis, L. P. anraRacinus, ZU. Omaseus. | ADEPHAGA. 65 B. Abdomen impunctate. a, Length 8 mm.; form wider; anal segment of abdomen in male simple in both sexes . . . . P. GRACILIS, Dej. b. Length 6 mm.; form narrower; anal segment of abdomen in male with a fine raised longitudinal UNG fel sea shit re ie istest wre a) ee MINOR, Gyll. P. niger, Schall. Oblong, black, rather dull; antenne with three basal joints black and glabrous, the rest fuscous and pubescent; thorax quadrate, slightly rounded in front and narrowed behind, sides almost straight from middle to base, side margins reflexed, posterior angles right angles, somewhat bluntly produced into a point, dorsal furrow distinct, base with a shallow double oblong depression on each side; elytra broader than thorax, slightly widened behind middle, deeply striated, the striz obsoletely punctured or quite impunctate; male with a strong elevated longitudinal carina ending in a tubercle on the last abdominal segment, of which traces may be seen in the female ; legs pitch-black. L. 18-20 mm. Under stones, loose bark, &c. ; common and generally distributed. P. vulgaris, L. (melanarius, Il.). Deep black, shining ; thorax subquadrate, with sides gradually rounded from front to base, posterior angles blunt, the apex produced into a more or less sharp tooth, margins reflexed, dise much wrinkled, dorsal furrow distinct and complete, base with two deep confluent fovez on each side ; elytra broader than thorax, dilated slightly behind middle, with deep impunctate strie; last abdo- minal segment simple in both sexes ; legs black. L. 15-17 mm. Under stones, &c.; common and generally distributed. P. anthracinus, II]. (mawrus, F.). Deep black, antenne black, sometimes partly fuscous and apex testaceous; thorax slightly transverse, sides rounded in front, contracted behind, posterior angles sharp right angles, apex acute, produced, dorsal furrow distinct, base with the usual depressions deep and strongly punctured ; elytra strongly striated, stricz obsoletely punctured, interstices rather flat ; distinguished from all the other species by the little tooth at the sutural angle of elytra in female, and the deep depression on the anal segment in male. L. 9-11 mm. Local, but widely distributed; marshy places, at roots of grass, &c.; formerly abundant at Notting Hill and Hammersmith Marshes (in the latter locality Dr. Sharp took a variety with the apices of the elytra simple); Whittlesea Mere; Bath; Christchurch, Hants; Tewkesbury; Tonbridge; Shipley; Dover; Hythe; Sheerness; Walton-on-Thames; Weybridge; Hornsea and Scarborough, Yorkshire ; Scotland, Grampians (Rev. A, E, Hodgson) ; also recorded from Ireland. P. nigrita, F. Very like the preceding in colour, size, and form, but less oblong, with the posterior angles of thorax less acute, and the basal fovew shallower ; distinguished also by having the sutural angle of the elytra simple, and by the fact that instead of being furnished with a depression the anal segment of male bears a small but distinct tubercle. L. 8-11 mm. E 66 ADEPHIAGA. [Omaseus. Damp places; at roots of grass, in moss, under stones, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout the kingdom, P. gracilis, Dej. Smaller than the preceding species, shining black, with antenne pitchy, with testaceous apex and the base of some of the joints reddish; thorax almost as in P. anthracinus; elytra strongly striated, the striz plainly but finely punctured ; anal segment simple in both sexes, the rudiments only of a raised line being traceable under a high power in male; legs pitch-black, tibie and tarsi lighter than femora. L. 8 mm. Local ; marshy places, at roots of grass, &c. ; it formerly occurred at Notting Hill and in Hammersmith Marshes; Walton-on-Thames; Reigate; Burton-on-Trent; Whittlesea Mere and Wicken Fen; Crosby, Lancashire; Hornsea, Yorkshire; Scot- land, Dollar (A. Beaumont) ; Ireland, near Belfast, and Armagh. P. minor, Gyll. Much smaller than the preceding; in size and general appearance it rather resembles at first sight the two following species ; antenne pitchy red, base lighter; thorax almost quadrate, with sides very slightly rounded and narrowed behind, posterior angles right angles, slightly projecting, dorsal furrow almost entire, base with two deeply punctured fovew, variable in size, the space between them either smooth or punctured ; elytra oblong, narrow, rather parallel-sided, striated, the striz faintly punctured ; anal segment of male furnished with a transverse raised keel ; legs pitchy red. L. 6-63 mm. Marshy places, at roots of grass; local, but very common where it occurs. London and southern districts, widely distributed ; common in the Midlands and Fen districts ; Hornsea and Scarborough; rarer in the north of England; Scotland, local, Lowlands. Treland, near Belfast. (Sub-Gen. Argutor, Megerle.) I. Underside of thorax punctured at sides ; legs reddish . . P.STRENUUS, Panz. II. Underside of thorax smooth at sides; legs pitechy . . . P. DILIGENS, Sturm. P. strenuus, Panz. (erythropus, Marsh). Pitch-black, antenne and palpi brown red; thorax as long as broad, somewhat cordate, con- vex, with sides much rounded in front, contracted behind, posterior angles acute, base entirely punctured, with a deep oblong punctured depression on each side, central furrow distinct; elytra broader than thorax, strongly striated, the strie plainly punctured, outer striz much feebler; underside of thorax punctured at sides; legs reddish. L. 55 mm. Damp places, under stones, and at roots of grass; common and widely distributed, but not so abundant as the next species, with which it is very often confounded, Scotland, not common, Lowlands, Ireland, near Belfast, P. diligens, Sturm (strenuus, Daws. G. D., nec, Panz.). Very like the preceding, but smaller and narrower, with the thorax less dilated at the sides and more gradually contracted behind, with posterior angles slightly more prominent ; easily distinguished by the sides of the thorax Argutor. | ADEPHAGA, 67 underneath being smooth and impunctate, and by the fact that the stria near margins of elytra are much less obsolete than in the allied species ; legs much darker. L. 5 mm. Common and widely distributed in England ; Scotland, not common, Lowlands. I can find no record from Ireland, but probably it has been confounded with the pre- ceding species. (Sub-Gen. Adelosia, Stephens.) P. picimanus, Duft. (macra, Marsh). Depressed, pitchy black or brown, shining, winged ; head large, antennze brown or brown red with the first three joints glabrous; thorax nearly as broad as long, cordate, strongly contracted behind, anterior margin almost straight, posterior angles right angles, with plain central furrow, and two depressions at base, the outer one much the weakest ; elytra very flat, almost parallel- sided, finely striated, with three large round impressions on third stria ; underside and legs ferruginous. L. 11-13 mm. Local, but not uncommon; damp places under stones and clods of earth, &c.; common in the London district ; Portland ; Sheerness; Cannock Chase; Stratford- on-Avon; Tewkesbury ; Scarborough and Askham, Yorkshire; Hunstanton ; Newn- ham-on-Severn; Sandown, Isle of Wight; banks of Tees; not recorded from Scotland or Ireland. (Sub-Gen. Pedius, Motschulsky.) P. inzwqualis, Marsh. Rather elongate, depressed, shining, pitchy black or reddish, antennz and palpi red ; thorax rather strongly rounded in front, contracted and sinuate behind, posterior angles sharp right angles, base entirely punctured, with a large deep oblong depression on each side ; elytra somewhat parallel-sided, flat, strongly striated, the strie very distinctly punctured, almost crenulated, the base without scutellary stria ; legs red. L. 55 mm. Local, but in some places abundant; common in the London district, and in the Isle of Wight; Southend; Lymington; Swanage; Tonbridge; Shipley, near Horsham ; Newark ; not recorded from the north of England, Scotland, or [reland. (S.b-Gen, Lagarus, Chaudoir.) P. vernalis, Gyll. Black, shining; larger, broader, and more con- vex than the preceding ; head smooth, antenne and palpi pitchy, first joint of antenne and apex of palpi red; thorax nearly as broad as long, moderately and evenly rounded, scarcely narrowed behind, posterior angles acute at tip, almost right angles ; base punctured, with an oblong depression on each side situated in a wide fovea, and another, much smaller, near angles; elytra slightly broader than thorax, somewhat parallel-sided, with deep strie, which are feebly but distinctly punc- tured, third interstice with three pores, base without scutellary stria; legs pitchy black. L. 54-6 mm. Very abundant in marshy places, on the banks of rivers, under stones, at roots of grass, &c., throughout the greater part of England; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Solway, Clyde ; Ireland, near Belfast, local near Dublin, probably widely distributed, B 2 68 ADEPHAGA, [Abaz. (Sub-Gen. Abax, Bonelli.) P. striola, F. Broad, depressed, oblong, almost rectangular, apterous, shining black, female somewhat duller; head large, antennze with the first three joints black and glabrous, the rest fuscous and pubescent ; thorax quadrangular, slightly narrowed in front, not narrowed behind, posterior angles right angles, lateral margins broad and thickened, disc strongly wrinkled, central furrow deep, interrupted in front and behind, base with two very deep and distinct oblong fovez on each side ; elytra broad, almost parallel-sided, rather broader at shoulders than base of thorax, deeply striated, seventh interstice raised at base into a keel, and other interstices raised at apex ; legs pitchy black, tibie and tarsi with red sete. L. 16-19 mm. Common and generally distributed throughout England and Ireland; Scotland, rare, Lowlands. It will be found that many of the black Pterostichi are rather hard at first to distiriguish, but it is very easy to make out several of the most difficult by the male characters, which are very distinct. When we remember that the male may at once be known by its dilated tarsi, it is easy to see that the absence of any distinguishing character on the anal segment (e.g. in vulgaris and gracilis) is quite as conclusive as the pre- sence of a distinct ridge or tubercle. AMARINA, This tribe has by many authors been included under the Pterostichina; it is, however, best regarded as separate ; the character of the labial palpi (which have the terminal joint shorter than the penultimate, which is plurisetose in front) will serve to distinguish its members from those of the preceding tribe, from which, as a rule, they are entirely different in contour and general appearance, and, in many cases, in habits. AMARA, Bonelli. This genus (taken in its widest sense as including its several sub- genera) contains a large number of species which are almost entirely confined to the northern and temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. We possess twenty-six species as British, of which no less than twenty-two are recorded from Scotland. When we find that out of our thirty-one species of Harpali only eight have been as yet found in that country, we are led to infer that the range of Amara is more boreal than that of Harpalus: this, however, must not be pressed too far, as we find thirty-four species of Amara recorded from Scandinavia, and no less than twenty-three species of Harpalus. The larva and pupa of A. converiuscula are figured by Schiidte (iii., Pl. xxi., Fig. 7). It is long and convex, with the head rounded and depressed, narrower than the pro- thorax, which is transversely hexagonal and margined; the head is dark; all the dorsal scuta are yellowish; the anal appendage is rather stout and the cerci short; Amara.) ADEPHAGA. 69 the muscular impressions on the scuta are distinct ; the legs are short with the claws equal. The larve of A. spinipes, apricaria, familiaris, and patricia differ from this larva chiefly in the formation of the clypeus and head; that of 4. apricaria is white, with the head pale yellow, with the margin of the eclypeus and mandibles ferruginous, and the dorsal abdominal and thoracic seuta yellowish-white. According to Zimmermann the eggs are deposited under stones or at a small depth underground ; the larva: change their skin once, and attain, previous to becoming pupe, twice the length of the i imago ; in general form they closely resemble those of Zabrus and Pecilus ; they remain about six or eight weeks as larve, and half that time as pup. (Vide Westwood, Class. i., p. 71.) In habits many of the Amarz resemble Zabrus, notably perhaps those that belong to the sub-genus Curtonotus (some of which rather closely resemble that genus also in size and appearance). They are partly vegetable feeders and partly carnivorous ; they are found at times de- vouring the seeds of plants in the ripe flower-heads, but they also appear to attack the stems, pith, and roots of grasses and various other plants, as well as being voracious devourers of the larve of other insects. For the sake of convenience the genus may be divided into the following sub-genera, which, however, are of somewhat unequal value :— I. Prothorax narrowed feebly (sometimes hardly percep- tibly) towards base ; prosternal process margined at apex; posterior tibiae in male erat) pubescent on inner side. . - Brapytus, Steph. II. Prothorax cordiform, sides strongly " contracted | at base ; prosternal process not margined at apex; pos- terior tibiz glabrous in both sexes. . . Curnronotvs, Steph. ILI. Prothorax subquadrate, sides only slightly contracted in front, and straight or almost straight behind ; pos- terior tibia glabrous in both sexes ; upper surface as a rule not, or not strongly metallic. i. Upper side strongly convex; anterior tarsi of male with the three dilated joints broadly cordiform ; apex of prosternal process bearing several sete . . Percosta, Zimm. ii. Upper side feebly convex ; anterior tarsi of male with the tkree dilated joints more or less broadly trian- gular ; apex of prosternal process bearing not more than two sete or quite glabrous. CELIA, Zimm. IV. Prothorax trapezoidal, very strongly contracted in front, widest at base; posterior tibia of male densely pubescent on their inner side. i. Inner terminal spur at apex of anterior tibie simple. AMARA, 7. sp. ii. Inner terminal spur at apex of anterior tibie tri- ENS PIlrseesieh steer er Shee an oc a LRLMN AY Leconte. (Sub-Gen. Bradytus, Stephens.) I, Colour fulvous, with slight metallic reflection ; thorax with sides strongly rounded in front. . . A. Foxva, De. G. II. Colour dark (pitehy or bronze) ; thorax with sides ‘hot strongly rounded in front. i. Form oblong, narrower; side border of thorax very PiUuuPe ence ot oh. <.. 2s « « , An APRIGARIA Cay. ii. Form oval, broader; side border of thorax very MATTOWN Wee ee es © se sy os. 4 ee ASICONSUDARISS Dufl. 70 ADEPHAGA, [Bradytus. A. fulva, De. G. Lighter or darker testaceous, or fulvous ; antenne testaceous ; thorax very short and broad, strongly rounded in front, con- tracted at base, posterior angles sharp, prominent, dorsal furrow con- tinued to apex and base, base with two punctured fovee ; elytra with a slight greenish or bluish metallic reflection, rather broader than thorax, convex, deeply striated, the stri# punctured (sometimes rather ob- securely), except at apex ; legs dark testaceous. L. 8-9 mm. Sandy places, under stones and at roots of grass, both on the coast and inland; somewhat local, but widely distributed throughout England; Scotland, common Low- lands; Ireland, Portmarnock. A. apricaria, Sturm. Smaller and much narrower than the pre- ceding, pitch-black above with a metallic reflection on elytra, under- side red brown; antenne and palpi red; thorax broadest in middle, narrowed moderately in front and slightly behind, posterior angles acute, prominent, central furrow continued to apex and base, base with two punctured fovez on each side; elytra deeply striated, strie strongly punctured, except at apex ; legs red. L. 6-7 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom, both on the coast and inland, except in the extreme north of Scotland, from which district it has not yet been recorded. A. consularis, Duft. Larger and broader than the preceding, pitch-black or black, shining, elytra of female sometimes metallic, under- side pitch-brown or reddish, antenne red ; thorax almost double as broad as long, convex, with sides slightly rounded in front, very slightly, almost imperceptibly contracted behind, dorsal furrow rather weak, base with two punctured fovez on each side; elytra rather broader than base of thorax, aes striated, the striz punctured, somewhat crenate.* L. 7-8} mm. Sandy Phe under stones, &c.; local and, as a rule, not common, London dis- trict (not uncommon), Sheerness, Chatham, "Lewisham, Shirley, Wimbledon, &c. ; Tamworth, Repton, Cannock Chase, Sutton Park (Birmingham), and other Mid- land localities; Brandon, Suffolk; Huntingdonshire; Hunstanton; Bridlington ; Northumberland and Durham; Scotland, rare, Lowlands; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin. (Sub-Gen, Gurtonotus, Stephens.) I. Antenne red; length 10-13 mm. i. Form so:newhat ovate ; anterior margin of thorax strongly punctured; intermediate tibiz of male with three teeth on their inner side (the lower oneiamall)i< Gus) . A, avLica, Panz. ii, Form elongate ; anterior margin of thorax almost impunctate; intermediate tibiae of male without trace of a third tooth. . . . A. convexiuscuLa, Marsh. II. Antenne black or pivehy with base red ; length 8-9 mm. .. . i Be as fens nds ADMEMA, Js * The punctuation of the elytra in this and certain other species of Amara is somewhat variable and not always to be depended upon as a character. Curtonotus. | ADEPHAGA. 71 A. aulica, Panz. (spinipes Auct., nec Linn.). The largest of our species; upper side pitch-black, under side pitch-brown or reddish brown; antennze and palpi red; thorax very transverse, broadest about middle, sides very strongly rounded, and very much contracted behind, posterior angles very strongly projecting, base punctured in front and behind, with two deep depressions, the outer of which is bounded by a very strong raised fold; elytra broader than base of thorax, convex, deeply striated, the striz punctured; legs red. L. 10-13 mm. Under stones, &c., and often on plants; generally distributed and common ; not, however, recorded from the extreme north of Scotland. A. convexiuscula, Marsh. More depressed and elongate, and narrower than the preceding; pitchy, or pitchy black, usually with a slight greenish metallic tinge; head and thorax narrower, anterior angles of latter more rounded, anterior margin hardly punctured, basal fovee shallower; elytra narrower with strie more distinctly punctured ; legs and apex of abdomen red. L. 10-11} mm. Damp places on_river banks and on the coast; under stones and by sweeping her- bage. Local; Whitstable, Herne Bay, Gravesend, Greenwich, Sheerness; Camber Sand-hills, Rye; Margate; Walton-on-Naze; Liverpool; Ryde; Lymington Salterns ; Yorkshire; Hunstanton; South Shields (mot uncommon about the ballast heaps). Scotland, rare, Edinburgh and Aberdeen. Ireland, Salt Marshes near Cork. A. alpina, F. Much smaller than either of the preceding, black, or pitchy black sometimes with metallic reflection; antenne black with base (one or more joints) red; thorax transverse, with~ sides not so strongly rounded or contracted behind as in the preceding species, base smooth in the middle with two strong fovez on each side, very coarsely punctured ; elytra about as broad as middle of thorax, some- times slightly narrower, strongly striated, the strie very plainly punctured. L. 8-9 mm. Very rare; summit of “Grayvel”” Rannoch, and Braemar; the specimens from the former place belong to the variety with dull reddish elytra, with the suture broadly and obscurely darker. Dr, Sharp’s specimen, from Braemar, which I have before me, is quite black with two joints of the antennz bright red, and the third more obscurely red: it appears to be a very variable insect as regards colour. (Sub-Gen. Percosia, Zimmermann.) A. patricia, Duft. (equestris, Duft.). Black or pitch-black, very shining, underside brown red, margins of thorax sometimes reddish ; mouth and antenne red ; thorax much broader than long, with sides slightly narrowed in front, straight behind, posterior angles right angles, very slightly prominent, side margins rather strong, central furrow dis- tinct, base with two strong punctured fovee on each side covering almost the whole space between the dorsal line and the angles; elytra broad oval, a little broader at base than base of thorax, strongly striated, the striz plainly punctured; legs red; the male has the intermediate tibize moderately curved. L. 8-10 mm. 72 ADEPHAGA. [Percosia. Local and rare. Chalky and sandy places, under stones and at roots of grass ; Folkestone, Deal, Herne Bay, Box Hill, Gomshall, Reigate, Charlton, Chatham, Mickleham, Plumstead ; shores of Bristol iChannell: Games Chase ; Barmouth ; Isle of Man; North Wales; Scotland, very rare, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth. (Sub-Gen. Gelia, Zimmermann.) I. Antenne short; joints 4-10 almost moniliform ; scutellary stria absent or very indistinct . . . A. 1nFIMA, Duft. Il. Antenne with joints 4-10 elongate ; scutellary stria present. i. Stria on elytra stronger; interstices in male rather convex; anterior angles of thorax pro- Brace : . A. RuFoctnota, Sahklb. . Striz on elytra feebler ; : interstices broad and flat. 1. Form narrower ; legs cel ee or reddish yellow. . . . A. trvipa, F. (bifrons, Gyll.). 2, Form broader ; legs red, femora more or less pitchy. A. Anterior angles of thorax not prominent ; eyes prominent ; reflection dull bronze. . A. FUSCA, Dej. B, Anterior angles of thorax prominent; eyes rather fiat ; reflection reddish bronze A. QUENSELII, Schén A. infima, Duft. (granaria, Dej.). Head and thorax shining black ; elytra bronze, coppery, or purplish black; palpi and antennz pitchy, the base of the former and two joints at the base of the latter clear red ; thorax broad and short, convex, gradually rounded in front, slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles nearly right angles, dorsal line entire, base with two fover on either side, rather strongly punctured; elytra ovate, rather wider than thorax, sides very slightly rounded, distinctly striated, the striz punctured ; legs pitchy. L. 4-43 mm. This species could only be confounded with A. tibialis, from which its short convex thorax and short antennz at once distinguish it. Rare ; sandy places inland and on the coast at roots of grass; Deal; Chobham ; Weybridge. A. rufocincta, Dej. (pretermissa, Sahlb.). Pitchy black, shining, sometimes with a reddish tinge, or brownish testaceous ; lateral margins of thorax narrowly red, more distinctly so in paler individuals ; antenn and palpi testaceous red ; thorax broad and convex, in the middle some- what broader than the elytra, contracted from middle to apex, almost straight to base, posterior angles right angles, dorsal furrow strongest in centre, base with two fovee on either side, these and the space about them coarsely punctured ; elytra hardly as wide as thorax, deeply striated, the striz deeper towards apex, punctured for two-thirds of their length; legs red. L. 5-7 mm, Local, but not rare in some localities; chalky places, at roots of grass, &e ; Mickleham, Croydon, Reigate, Gomshall, Caterham, West Wickham ; Freshwater, Isle of Wight; Bournemouth; Deal; Hastings; Barmouth; Scarborough. Scotland, very rare, Lowlands, Forth, Clyde ; Ireland, Portmarnock. Celia.) ADEPHAGA. 73 A. livida, F.(lifrons, Gyll.,orichalcica, Daws. G. D., rufocincta, Sahlb., nec Dej.). Oblong ovate, brassy brown, occasionally greenish ; antenne and palpi entirely reddish yellow; head small with projecting eyes ; thorax much broader than long with sides very slightly rounded, feebly contracted in front, straight behind, posterior angles right angles, these together with the side margins reddish, dorsal furrow feeble at apex and base, base depressed, punctured, with two large strongly punctured foyer on each side; elytra scarcely broader than thorax, moderately striated, the strie evidently punctured; legs entirely reddish yellow. L. 5-7 mm. This species somewhat resembles A. familiaris, but may at once be distinguished by its entirely red-yellow antenne and the coarsely punctured base of thorax. Local, but not uncommon; sandy and gravelly places; widely distributed through- out the country from north to south; Scotland, local, Lowlands; also an Irish species. A. fusca, Dej. Fusco-eneous, with feeble bronze reflection in female, stronger in male, under side pitchy ; upper side flat, rather dull; head small, eyes very convex and prominent, antenne and palpi red; thorax transverse, subquadrate, slightly narrowed in front and very slightly behind (more so in female than in male), posterior angles blunt right angles, dorsal furrow fine but distinct, base almost im- punctate in middle with two punctured fovee on each side; elytra distinctly broader than thorax, finely striated, the strie finely but distinctly punctured, interstices flat, side margin reddish at apex. L. 8 mm. There is considerable confusion as to this species, as both zngenua, Duft., and fusca, Dej., have been included in our lists, and it is almost certain that we only possess the latter, which only differs from the former in being considerably flatter and of more parallel form, with lighter antennz and legs, a less robust head, but much more prominent eyes, the thorax less transverse, the elytra less strongly striated, &c. Dawson’s description of ingenua (Geod. Brit. 125) will apply equally well to either species, and, therefore, as it is certain that the Swansea specimens belong to fusca, and as he himself compared these with his own (Ent. Ann. 1858, 53), it is most probable that his single specimen from Scotland was also that species, and that we do not possess ingenwa at all. Very rare; a considerable number of specimens were taken at Swansea by Mr. H. Adams many years ago. Doncaster (Dr. J. W. Ellis, who informs me that there is no doubt as to the locality of the specimen); Plumstead (W. West); Newcastle (Wailes); Scotland, one specimen recorded by Dawson, with no locality, as A. ingenua. A. Quenselii, Schén. Upper side dark brassy, reddish, metallic reflection more or less distinct, female duller than male; elytra occa- sionally non-metallic, dull ferruginous, with greenish thorax; head 74 ADEPHAGA. [Celia. small, eyes prominent, antenne as a rule red, sometimes however brownish with the basal joints lighter; thorax much broader than long, sides moderately rounded in front, almost straight towards base, in some specimens slightly contracted, posterior angles more or less sharp right angles, dorsal furrow distinct, base very variably punctured, sometimes almost impunctate, with two deep and rather irregular fovee on each side ; elytra at base slightly broader than base of thorax, finely striated, the strie more or less punctured, but sometimes so obsoletely that the punctures are almost invisible, interstices flat, underside dark brown, black, or reddish ; legs lighter or darker brown red ; in minor points the specimens vary considerably. L. 5-7 mm. A mountain species ; very local in the Dee district of Scotland ; it occurs on the Continent in mountain districts from Lapland to the Caucasus, often at very con- siderable elevations. I have before me Dr. Sharp’s large and fine series from Rrae- mar, which shows many of the slight variations above alluded to ; none of the speci- mens, however, are as metallic as a Continental specimen sent me by Herr Reitter. (Sub-Gen. Amara, i. sp.) I. Scutellary stria with a large pore at base; average length at least 9-10 mm.; anterior angles of thorax projecting in an obtuse point. i. Intermediate tibiw of male pubescent behind. 1. Form broader; tibia dark . . . . . =. . . A. OVATA, F. 2. Form narrower; tibie light. . . . . A.srmibata, Gyll. ii. Intermediate tibice of male glabrous behind ans A, acuminata, Payk. Il. Scutellary stria with or SRE pore at base; length not exceeding 7} mm.; anterior angles of thorax rounded, not projecting a A, nitrpa, Sturm, III. Scutellary stria without pore “at base, sometimes entirely absent; intermediate tibize almost glabrous ; length not exceeding 8 mm.; anterior angles of thorax projecting in an obtuse point. i. Scutellary stria absent; length5mm. . .« ii. Scutellary stria present. 1, Antenne with not more than two first joints (sometimes only first) red. A. Depressions at base of thorax small or ob- solete but visible; thorax at base as broad as elytra, a. Tibie black; apex of anterior tibim pro- jecting between the terminal spine and the t first joint of the tarsi . . . . . . . . A. LUNICOLLIS, Schiidle, b. Tibie reddish or brownish; anterior tibie without angular projection at apex . . . . A. cuRTA, Dej. B. Depressions at base of thorax distinct; tibie reddish . . . A. sprera, De). 2, Antenn@ with three basal joints (and sometimes base of fourth) red. A. Legs entirely red. a. Anterior margin of thorax emarginate ; angles projecting . . A. FAMILIARIS, Duft. b, Anterior margin of thorax straight ; angles rounded:..y° (hy. eee ge Me . A. tucrpa, Duft. . . . A. TIBIALIS, Payk. Amara. | ADEPHAGA, 75 B. Legs dark, except tibim, which are lighter. a. Strie on elytra feeble, not deeper behind. . A. TRIVIALIS, Gy/ll. b. Striz on elytra strong, deeper behind. a*, Series of pores on 9th interstice of elytra widely interrupted in middle; elytra nar- rower, less oval. . . A, commuNIS, Panz. b*. Series of pores on 9th interstice of ely tra regular from base to spar Ssh wider, more oval. . . . . . . A. continua, Thoms. A. ovata, F. (obsoleta, Dej). Ovate, broad, brassy, occasionally greenish or bluish, sometimes almost black; antennz with the three first joints and base of the fourth red; thorax transverse, narrowed in front, anterior angles prominent, broadest at base, posterior angles somewhat obtuse, dorsal furrow fine, base impunctate, with two more or less obsolete furrows on each side, the outer one often imperceptible, the inner one often resolving itself into a small deep depression re- moved to some distance from basal margin; elytra broad, plainly striated, the striae becoming deeper at apex, not punctured; legs quite black. L. 9-11 mm. Widely distribnted throughout England from north to south, but it cannot be called common. Scotland, not common, maritime, Tweed, Forth, Solway, Clyde ; it is, however, by no means a maritime species exclusively. I can find no record from Treland. A. similata, Gyll. (obsoleta, Duft.). Smaller, as a rule, and nar- rower than the preceding, and usually more brassy; the thorax is not so broad at the sides, nor so much widened at base, and the basal im- pressions are less obsolete and more or less punctured ; strie of elytra presenting traces of feeble punctuation ; tibiz reddish. L. 9-10 mm. In distinguishing this from the preceding species too much stress must not always be laid upon the light tibiw, as somewhat immature speci- mens of ovata have the legs lighter: the broad form and impunctate base of thorax are more reliable characters for that species. Widely distributed and usually common throughout England, especially in the south ; apparently not recorded from Scotland ; Ireland, common near Dublin. A. acuminata, Payk. (ewrynota, Dej., vulgaris, F.). Ovate, very broad, shining brassy, sometimes greenish or blackish; antenne with the three first jomts and base of the fourth red; thorax narrowest in front, broadest at base, posterior angles rather sharp, but not produced laterally, dorsal furrow abbreviated im front and behind, base with a short and deep fovea at some distance from hind margin, and a shallow im- pression, sometimes obsolete, near the angles; elytra more acuminate at apex than in the other species, finely but sharply striated, the striz impunctate, third, fifth, and seventh interstices often slightly raised ; legs entirely black. L. 9-11 mm. Widely distributed, but local; not common in the London district; Faversham, Chatham, Mickleham, &.; Margate; Kepton; Bridlington; Northumberland and Durham ; Scotland, common Lowlands, also occurs in the Moray district; Ireland, near Belfast, and not uncommon near Dublin, 76 ADEPHAGA. [Amara: This species very closely resembles A. ovata, but besides the fact that the intermediate tibize of male are entirely glabrous, it is rather broader and larger, as a rule, than that species, and has the apex of the elytra more acuminate, the striz deeper, and the interstices more convex. A. nitida, Sturm. Ovate, upper side bronze or metallic green, very smooth and shining ; antenne black with the three first joints and base of fourth red; thorax broader than long, slightly broader at base than base of elytra, narrowed towards the front, anterior angles rounded, not projecting, base impunctate, basal impressions absent or very faintly traceable; the usual pore at the posterior angles is placed close to the base and at some little distance from the sides; elytra with the striz plainly stronger towards apex, interstices smooth ; femora black, tibiz reddish, tarsi brownish red. L. 73 mm. This species has been lately introduced into the British fauna on the authority of a specimen taken by Mr. Gillo near Bath, and named as above by M. Bedel; I have recently received two old specimens of an Amara from Warwickshire which appear to belong to this species; they were sent me by Mr. E. Clark. This species differs from A. communis and A. lunicollis by the sculpture of the thorax and the rounded anterior angles of the same; its form also is shorter and more oval. A. tibialis, Payk. The smallest species of the group, oval, convex, shining brassy, or brassy black, sometimes with greenish reflection ; an- tenne dark with first three joints (sometimes two) red ; thorax transverse, slightly contracted in front, broadest at base, posterior angles right angles, dorsal furrow deepest in middle, base with two distinct and deeply impressed fovere; elytra finely striated, the strie plainly punctured, scutellary stria absent ; legs black, tibiee lighter. L. 4 mm. Easily distinguished from all the allied species by its small size, the deeply impressed foveze at base of thorax, and the absence of the scutellary stria on the elytra, which is at most occasionally indicated by a few punctures, Widely distributed and locally abundant in England; Scotland, local, Lowlands ; Treland, near Belfast, not common near Dublin, probably widely distributed. A. lunicollis, Schiddte (vulgaris, Panz., nec Dawson, G. D.). Of the size of one of the largest examples of A. communis, which species it strongly resembles, but distinguished by having at most two joints of the antenne red, and the fact that the base of the thorax is almost entirely impunctate, and also by the colour of the legs, which are usually en- tirely black, whereas in communis the tibie are distinctly lighter; the thorax is longer in proportion than in some of the allied species, with central furrow and basal foves often very indistinct, posterior angles somewhat obtuse; elytra plainly but rather finely striated, the strie somewhat deeper behind, and occasionally obsoletely punctured in front. L. 7-73 mm, Amara. | ADEPHAGA. 77 Marshy places, at roots of grass, trees, &c.; local but not uncommon; London district generally ; Burton-on-Trent, Repton, Cannock Chase and other localities in the Midlands; Newnham-on-Severn; Hastings; Bournemouth; Newcastle ; Scot- land, not common Lowlands ; Ireland, local. A. curta, Dej. (brunnicornis, Heer.). Much smaller and shorter than the preceding, and less convex, usually obscure brassy black or bronze ; antenne with two first joints (sometimes one only) and occasionally base of third red; thorax broad, contracted in front, broadest at base, hind angles somewhat acute, dorsal furrow fine terminated in front and behind by some fine longitudinal striz, basal fovez, especially the outer one, more or less obsolete ; elytra broad and rather short, plainly but rather finely striated, strie deeper at apex, very finely, almost im- perceptibly punctured ; legs black, tibie lighter. L. 51-6 mm. Very local ; sandy places on the coast at roots of grass, &c., also inland; common on the sand-hills at Deal, also taken at Brighton; in the spring of 1877 I took a single specimen in my garden at Repton, near Burton-on-Trent; I know of no other English locality, but Dr. Sharp records the species as very local in the Forth district of Scotland, “ Common about an old well on Corstorphine Hills ;’’ there is, there- fore, no reason why the species should not oceur in other intermediate districts; it ranges over the whole of central Europe, reaching as far north as Stockholm, but is always local. A. spreta, Dej. Very like A. ¢rivialis in general appearance, but larger and broader ; it has, moreover, only two joints at the base of the antennz red; the colour is rather variable, being usually brassy or coppery, sometimes bright green, duller in female; the thorax is not so much contracted in front as in the allied species, with central furrow very distinct, especially in centre, becoming almost if not quite obsolete in front and behind, posterior angles distinct, rather sharp, base with two plainly marked fover, the inner one stronger than the outer, diffusely and coarsely punctured throughout in male, more obsoletely in female ; elytra finely striated, the striz finely but very distinctly punc- tured, not deeper at apex; interstices dull, very plainly shagreened ; femora and tarsi black, tibiee ferruginous. L. 6-72 mm. Sandy places; at roots of grass, &e.; very local; Deal; Mickleham; Cannock Chase; Hertford ; South Shields ; Scotland, very rare, Fifeshire (Murray). A. familiaris, Duft. Brassy or greenish, occasionally blackish ; antennz with three first joints and base of fourth red; thorax broad strongly emarginate in front, anterior angles projecting, posterior angles almost right angles, central furrow fine, base impunctate, with two very obsolete, and often almost invisible fovee ; elytra finely striated, the strie very finely but usually distinctly punctured, rather deeper at apex; legs entirely red, tarsi rather darker. L. 6 mm. Common and abundant throughout the kingdom as far north as the Moray district of Scotland ; not, however, recoided from the extreme north ; it is common over the whole of Europe. A. lucida, Duft. Extremely like the preceding, of which it might 78 ADEPHAGA. [ Amara. easily be supposed to be a small variety; the eyes, however, are more prominent, and the anterior margin of thorax much less emarginate, and therefore the anterior angles are much less projecting ; but for these differences, which after all are comparative, as may be seen by examining the insects side by side, this species might with very good reason be suppressed as a small variety of A. familiaris. L. 44-5 mm. Sandy places; at roots of grass and in moss. Local, but occasionally found in abundance on the coast, rare inland. Deal; Hastings; Sheerness; Forest Hill; Reigate ; Shirley; Colchester; Liverpool district; Bath; Llangollen; Swansea; Barmouth; Bournemouth; Isle of Wight; Weston-super-Mare; Whitley, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, very rare ; Scotland very rare, Moray district. A. trivialis, Gyll. Variable in colour, brassy, greenish, bluish, or almost black ; female duller; antenne with three first joints and base of the fourth red ; thorax moderately rounded from apex to base, broadest at base, posterior angles right angles, dorsal furrow abbreviated in front and behind, base with two impressions on each side, the outer one usually obsolete, the inner often taking the form of a small deep fovea re- moved to some distance from hind margin, base impunctate or nearly so ; elytra narrowed at apex, finely striated, the strie scarcely perceptibly punctured, deeper at apex ; femora and tarsi black, tibie pitchy or pitchy red. L. 6 mm. Common as a rule throughout the kingdom, but not recorded from the extreme north of Scotland, and said to be local near Dublin, which is the only Irish record that I can find; it is, however, most probably common in Ireland: it ranges fiom the Azores and Morocco to Siberia; it may be seen in abundance in early spring on roads and pathways running in the sun. A. communis, Panz. (vulgaris, Daws. G. D.). Brassy, sometimes greenish, or bluish-black, shining ; antennz with the first three joints and base of the fourth red, but occasionally the upper side of the third joint is brownish, in which case the whole fourth joint is brown; thorax rather strongly emarginate in front with the anterior angles produced, gradually rounded from apex to base, posterior angles right angles, but not sharp, dorsal furrow fine, base minutely and obsoletely punctured with two more or less obsolete foveze on each side (occasionally it is impunctate and the fovee almost imperceptible); elytra plainly striated, the striz distinctly deeper behind, usually obsoletely punctured towards base ; femora and tarsi pitchy, tibize (and occasionally also tarsi) ferruginous. Widely distributed throughout England and Ireland, and common in many places, but somewhat local. Scotland, not common, reaching as far north as the Moray district. A. continua, Thoms. (convexior, Steph.), This species, which has been separated by Thomson from the preceding, differsfrom A. communis so slightly, that it is a question whether it ought to be regarded as anything more than a variety: it comes between A. dunicollis and A. communis, having the build of the former insect, and also (like /unicollis) having the row of large punctures on the margin of the elytra con- Amara. | ADEPHAGA. 79 tinuous and not widely interrupted, as in A. communis ; it has, however, three joints at the base of the antenne testaceous, whereas A. lunicollis has but two. L. 7-7} mm. Apparently mixed in collections with the preceding, and not uncommon (Sub-Gen. Trisena, Leconte.) I. Base of thorax impunctate ; strie of elytra plainly punc- Withee [al Fae AES iT Cag le, Eee eo: Rol, ONS eRU mC Mer ia ciane Il. Base of thorax punctured; strie of elytra very obsoletely punctured; lengthGmm. . .... =. =.=. + - =. ~- A. PLEBEIA, Gyil. A. STRENUA, Zimm. A. strenua, Zimm. Brassy, greenish, bluish, or bluish-black, thorax and elytra not always concolorous ; antennz with the first three joints and base of the fourth red; thorax with sides moderately con- tracted in front, anterior angles scarcely prominent, posterior angles sharp, dorsal furrow ending in a longitudinally striated shallow depression in front and behind, base impunctate, with two fovez on each side, the outer one more or less obsolete ; elytra rather long, plainly striated ; the strie are distinctly punctured until they become deeper at apex, when the punctures cease; femora pitchy black, tibiz and tarsi ferru- ginous: the anterior tibie have the spine at the apex tricuspid, which is the chief distinguishing character of this and the next species. L. 8 mm. Common in early spring in the salt marshes near Ryde, Isle of. Wight: Dawson (Ent. Ann. 1858, 53) recorded it from the Isle of Sheppy, but this may have been in error, as it has not occurred there since, and no other authentic locality is known except the Isle of Wight. A plebeia, Gyll. Very shiny, brassy or greenish, antenne with first three joints and base of fourth red ; thorax rather more emarginate in front than in the preceding species, so that the anterior angles are more strongly produced, sides gradually rounded from apex to middle, thence straight to base, posterior angles sharp produced owing to the basal margin being sinuate, dorsal furrow more distinct in middle, base with two shallow but usually distinct, coarsely punctured fovez on each side ; elytra distinctly striated, the striz impunctate or very obsoletely punctured ; femora and tarsi pitchy-black, tibize testaceous : the spine at the apex of the anterior tibiz is tricuspid. L. 6 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout England ; Scotland, common as far north as the Moray district ; Ireland, local near Dublin, ANCHOMENINA. The members of this tribe may be separated from the Pterostichina and Amarina by the fact that the subapical margins of the elytra are continuous, whereas in the two last-mentioned tribes they are interrupted, the severed apical portion of the margin continuing as a sharp ridge along the under surface of the elytra: it is true, as Mr. Bates says (Biol. Cent. Amer. Carabidae, p. 91), that there are indications of the 80 ADEPHAGA. [Anchomenina. ridge in the Anchomenina, but it is faintly elevated and not distinctly continuous with the apical part of the margin. We possess six genera, Calathus, Taphria, Sphodrus, Pristonychus, Anchomenus and Olisthopus ; Horn and C. G. Thomson include Masoreus, and its allied genera, as a separate tribe Masoreina, forming a transition from the Anchomenina to the Lebiina. Mr. Bates, however, considers the Masoreina to be un- doubted Truncatipennes, and to form a tribe under them equivalent to the Lebiina. In a letter he kindly wrote to me on the subject he says, “There are seven or eight genera of Masoreina, and an equal number of allied generic forms having similar long tibial spurs, all undoubtedly Truncatipennes. As to the query, ‘Is Masoreus not a transition to the Lebiina?’ I may say that there are many other genera of undoubted Truncatipennes of which this may more truthfully be said, e.g. genera of Thyreopterina, which are exactly like Anchomenina, and can only be distinguished by dissection of the mouth.” Our genera may be distinguished as follows :— I. Tarsal claws strongly pectinate or toothed. i. Thorax square or trapezoidal ; first joints of middle and posterior tarsi with a distinct furrow running along Mier VEC oe 5 5 5 4 9 5 8 ii. Thorax with sides rounded; joints of tarsi without RUNTOW oop cases cee lelgney oe Nome cmtey | aia y ats 2. Elytra with sides rounded ; antennz moderate. T. Lonetcornis, Sturm. 126 ADEPHAGA. (Trechus. A. Elytra with stria broad and deep to margins . T. Lapiposus, Daws. B. Elytra with strie plainly feebler at sides. a. Size larger; thorax cordiform ; posterior angles sharp. . . . ‘T. RUBENS, F. b. Size smaller; thorax not cordi- form; posterior angles blunt . TT, minutus, /, and v. oprusus, Er. C. Elytra with three deep striae near suture, the second and third, as a rule, not or scarcely reaching be- yond middle. . . . . T. RIVULARIS, Gyll. ii. Posterior angles of thorax completely rounded « 2... «96 « » « » « Le SEOALIS, Payk. T. discus, F. Testaceous red, rather pubescent, elytra with a com- mon blackish or blue-black patch behind middle ; eyes black, prominent ; antenne long, testaceous ; thorax cordate, much narrowed behind, pos- terior angles acute, projecting, disc convex, dorsal furrow deep, base with a deep fovea on each side ; elytra long, with sides slightly rounded, finely striated, interstices finely but distinctly punctured, third stria with two large pores which stretch over the fourth interstice; legs pale testaceous, L. 45-5 mm. Very local, but not uncommon in the midland counties: it oceurs on the banks of streams and rivers; banks of Trent, Repton and Newark ; banks of Dove, Burton-on- Trent ; banks of Derwent below Derby ; banks of Severn, Bewdley and Tewkesbury ; Draycott; Salford Priors; Boxted, Essex; banks of Ribble, Sawley, Laneashire ; Hornsea, Pontefract, Scarborough, Yorkshire; Vale of Towey, Wales; it has also occurred in Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, and Bedfordshire ; also formerly at Notting Hill; it is not recorded from the extreme north or south of England, or from Scotland or Ireland. ™T. micros, Herbst. More elongate, and narrower than the pre- ceding, with the elytra more parallel-sided : it is also of a duller testa- ceous colour, and has the dark markings on the elytra obscure and often absent or nearly so; eyes not prominent; antenne testaceous ; thorax much as in 7’, discus, except that it is rather narrower in front, with the sides somewhat less strongly narrowed behind, and the posterior angles quite as sharp, but slightly less prominent ; elytra finely striated, inter- stices very thickly and finely punctured, with two pores on each as in the preceding species. L. 4 mm. Very local, but much more widely distributed than the preceding: it is found in the majority of the localities just mentioned for discus, and further occurs at Darenth Wood, Horsham, Tonbridge, Matlock, York, Carlisle, and other places ; Northumber- land and Durham in rejectamenta on the banks of streams ; Scotland, rare, ‘Tweed, Forth, Solway, Clyde, Argyle ; it does not, however, appear to be a southern insect : these two species conceal themselves in the crevices ‘of sandy or clayey banks ; I have taken both by dashing water against the sides, and thus causing them to run out from their hiding-places. T. longicornis, Stwm. (Thalassophilus, Woll.). Somewhat re- sembles a small specimen of the preceding, but may at once be distin- guished by its very long antennw, which are at least two-thirds as long Trechus. | ADEPHAGA. 127 as the whole body ; colour testaceous, or reddish brown, often darker at sides and suture ; thorax short about the length of the head, with sides rounded in front and rather gradually contracted to base, posterior angles almost right angles, dorsal furrow rather fine, base with two fovee ; elytra parallel-sided, depressed, finely striated, the three strie next suture more distinct, third stria with two pores ; legs testaceous. L. 33 mm. Very rare; first taken at Dudden Sands, near Broughton, Lancashire ; banks of Ribble ; banks of Irthing, Northumberland (Bold); near Kelso (R. Hislop); banks of the Nith at Thornhill and Dumfries (Sharp and Lennon). T. lapidosus, Daws. (/ulvus, Dej.?). Testaceous or reddish tes- taceous ; eyes not prominent ; antennz testaceous ; thorax nearly as broad in front as behind, with sides strongly rounded almost to base, and margins elevated, posterior angles sharp, somewhat projecting, dorsal furrow fine, base with two rather large fovee ; elytra ovate, much depressed, with strong, broad, finely punctured strie, which are not feebler at sides or apex, third stria with two pores; legs pale testaceous. L. 54 mm. Sandy places on the coast, under stones, just above high-water mark; also at the mouths of tidal rivers; very local, but sometimes found in numbers where it occurs. Ventnor, Isle of Wight (not common under large stones to the west of the town) ; Southend ; Shoreham; Deal; Dover; Sheerness; Hythe; North Wales; Northum- berland and Durham district, banks of streams and sea coast, rare; Scotland, very local, Lowlands, Tweed and Clyde districts, and also at Tain, Ross-shire. Ireland, ae one specimen (Haliday); Killiney Beach, one specimen (McNab’s Dublin 1ST). T. rubens, F. (paludosus, Dej., &c.). Pitchy red, more or less dark, shining ; antenne and palpi reddish testaceous; thorax rather broad cordiform, distinctly transverse, with sides strongly rounded in front, narrowed behind, posterior angles acute and somewhat prominent, disc convex, dorsal furrow strong, basal foveze deep ; elytra long oval, with sides wider and more rounded behind middle, rather lighter than head and thorax, with metallic reflection, each with seven punctured strie, of which the inner five are plain, the sixth and seventh feebler but plainly traceable; underside pitchy black, apex of abdomen pale ; legs testaceous. L. 5-5} mm. Local and rare; on the banks of ponds and streams, under dead leaves and rejecta- menta, &c.; Whittlesea Mere (formerly common); Llanberis; Lydford (Devon) ; Cannock Chase; Egginton, near Burton-on-Trent; Repton (side of pond in Robins Wood) ; Studley, near Ripon; Hull; Northumberland and Durham district (Hetton Hall, Long Benton, Winlaton Mill and by the Irthing); Scotland, rather widely distributed. but never common, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Solway, Clyde, also taken in the Shetland and Orkney Islands; Ireland, Clontarf (Dublin) and Killiney (Kingstown), very rare ; not recorded from the London district or the south of England. T. minutus, F. (quadristriatus, Schrank.). Pitchy red or ferruginous, the head darker and almost black, elytra lighter at the shoulders and often at sides; antennz testaceous; thorax transverse, feebly rounded at the sides and slightly contracted towards base, posterior angles blunt but traceable, dise very smooth, with a deep dorsal furrow, base with a 128 ADEPHAGA. [ Trechus, large fovea on each side near angles; elytra oblong ovate, much broader than thorax, slightly dilated behind middle, with four striz next suture distinct, the rest more or less obsolete, third stria with two incon- spicuous pores ; legs testaceous. L. 35 mm. Sandy places on the coast and inland; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. V. obtusus, Er. This variety, which has by many authors been considered a separate species, differs from the type in the following particulars: the thorax is more rounded at the sides, and has the pos- terior angles blunter, so that they almost appear to be rounded; the elytra are shorter, more rounded at the sides, and rather more dilated behind middle, with two stric next the suture plain instead of four; the pores on the third stria are also more conspicuous; the wings, more- over, are more or less rudimentary instead of being fully developed as in the type; this last point, however, as we have seen in the case of Calathus fuscus (supra, p. 81), is of not much weight specifically, and taking into consideration intermediate forms, the other distinctions are so com- paratively slight that they are hardly enough to found a species on. This variety is widely distributed over England, and is found in much the same localities as the type, but is always much rarer; it is common in Scotland both in the Lowlands and Highlands, being apparently the commoner in the latter districts. T. rivularis, Gyll. (incilis, Daws.). Pitchy-black or brown, some- times ferruginous, with a metallic reflection on the elytra; antenne reddish testaceous, the second, third, and fourth joints brownish, lighter at apex ; thorax transverse, with the sides rounded, very slightly con- tracted behind, side margins plain especially behind, posterior angles small, acute, somewhat projecting, disc rather convex, dorsal furrow fine, basal fovew large ; elytra long oval, somewhat convex, with three deep broad striw near suture, of which the first reaches nearly to apex and is recurved, and the second and third are abbreviated ; a fourth stria is more or less plainly indicated; underside blackish or reddish with the apex of the abdomen lighter ; legs reddish testaceous, L. 5 mm. Very rare; has not occurred for many years, and is perhaps extinct ; Whittlesea Mere, July 1847 (Dawson); Holme Fen, several specimens (Power): the latter locality has been brought under cultivation, or at all events the portion in which the specimens were taken. T. secalis, Payk. (Hpaphius, Leach). Pitch-brown or ferruginous, shining ; antenne testaceous; thorax short, very convex, with sides strongly rounded, contracted behind, posterior angles quite rounded ; elytra oval, convex, with very coarsely punctured. strie, becoming obsolete towards sides, third stria with the two usual pores; legs testa- ceous. L., 3} mm. This very distinct species may be at once known by its short oval Trechus | + ADEPHAGA. 129 elytra and the very strong and coarse punctuation of the strie on disc : it is found on damp sandy banks of ponds and rivers, and is often common in flood refuse ; it is, however, rather local, although widely distributed throughout the country as far north as Northumberland ; here, however, it appears to ceise, as it is only found rarely in Scot- land in the Tweed district, and there are no records from any other locality. PATROBUS, Dejean. The species belonging to this genus are entirely confined to the northern districts of Europe, Asia, and North America; in the Munich Catalogue twenty-seven species are enumerated, but the species that inhabit the more southern districts of Europe have been divided off under the genera Penetretus and Deltomerus, and several of the others have been sunk as varieties, so that about ten species now remain ; these are of moderate size, usually dark coloured, or with the elytra dull testaceous, and are found in damp places, in woods, on the banks of rivers and streams, or near the coast, under stones and moss, in flood refuse, &c. The larva of P. excavatus is figured by Schiédte, iii., Pl. xxi., Fig. 1, pupa, Fig. 6 : it very much resembles that of Amara convexiuscula ; the head, however, is longer and more produced in front; it has two short and very deep sulci on the vertex be- hind eyes ; its colour is rufo-piceous with the mandibles red, and it is plainly reti- culate; the prothorax is subquadrate with angles rounded; the dorsal scuta of the thoracic and abdominal segments are all smooth, chiefly castaneous, those of meso- and meta-thorax being fuscous on disc ; the body is reddish ; the muscular impressions are round and deep on all the scuta except that of prothorax ; the anal appendage is rather slender, and the cerci moderately long and iucurved ; the legs are rather long, pale with the apex of the joints infuscate, claws equal. Thomson, Skand. Col. i. 213, also gives a long description of this larva. I, Thorax as long as broad ; elytra about three times as long as thorax ; insect apterous. i. Head smooth ; third interstice of elytra about as broad ABRFECOUGL a) ails Malia inlediiete el ostand aps -iainqae) Lo BROAVA TUS: Payk. ii. Head transversely wrinkled ; third interstice of elytra plainly broader than second. . . . . . 2... II. Thorax broader than long; elytra about four times as long as thorax; insect winged . . . - - . . . . P.SEPTENTRIONIS,Dej. P. ASSIMILIS, Chaud. P. excavatus, Payk. Apterous, pitchy black, sometimes lighter, underside reddish ; head with a deep furrow on each side near eyes, but nearly smooth, asa rule, between these, antenne ferruginous ; thorax rather elongate, cordiform, posterior angles sharp, prominent, dorsal furrow distinct, entire, anterior margin more or less punctured in the centre, base with two strongly punctured, deep, large fover ; elytra long oval, with shoulders much rounded, broader behind than in front, rather finely striated, the striz thickly and finely punctured, continued plainly to apex, but feebler towards apex and at sides ; legs red. L. 7-8 mm. ‘ Common and widely distributed throughout the greater part of England, except in the extreme south ; in Scotland it is widely distributed as-far north as the Mora y K 130 ADEPHAGA. - [ Patrolus. district, but is not common, and is confined to the Lowlands ; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin ; specimens from mountains and moors are darker as a rule, and smaller than those found in woods, &c., aud ure probably intermediate forms between this und the succeeding species. P. assimilis, Chaud. (clavipes, Thoms.). Apterous, pitchy black ; very like the preceding, of which it is in all probability merely a high- land variety ; it is, however, smaller, with more convex thorax, and with the forehead strigose between the frontal furrows; the thorax also is somewhat narrower at the base; the striae of the elytra are almost or nearly evanescent at apex, and the third interstice is much wider than the second, and the sculpture of the disc is a little stronger: as, however, intermediate varieties occur, it is sometimes hard to separate these species, and it would perhaps be the best course to class them together as, at all events, races of one species. L. 7-7} mm. Rather widely distributed, but always on moors or in hilly and mountainous dis- triets ; Cannock Chase; Matlock and Hathersege Moor, Derbyshire; Snowdon and other Welsh mountains ; Northumberland and Durham district, Wallington (Power); Mr. Bold says (Cat. p. 7) that his own local examples recorded as here cited proved to be small dark examples of erecavatus. Scotland, common in the Highland districts throughout the country, but not found in the Lowlands: this latter fact, compared with the Scotch record for P. excavatus above given, goes a long way to prove that this species is nothing but a highland race of the preceding. P. septentrionis, Dej. Winged, larger and longer than the two preceding ; pitchy black or with the head and thorax pitchy and the elytra reddish testaceous; antenne pitchy red; thorax broader than long, with the posterior angles sharp, prominent, dorsal furrow and fovee much as in the other species ; elytra longer and with the shoulders considerably more strongly marked, striz almost obsolete towards apex and sides, punctuation of strie feeble, almost obsolete ; legs ferruginous ; underside not so thickly or deeply punctured, sides of metathorax (which are plainly punctured in the others) almost smooth. L. 9 mm. This is rather a variable species, as may be seen from the list of named varieties appended to it in the European catalogue: it is entirely a northern species ; there is one record from near Wakefield, Yorkshire, but this is probably an error; it is somewhat widely distributed but not common in the Highland districts of Scotland (Tay, Dee, Moray, Solway, Clyde). POGONUS, Dejean. This genus comprises about thirty species, of which about half belong to Europe; the remainder occur chiefly in Northern Asia and North America, a very small proportion only being found in the southern hemisphere ; they inhabit. damp localities, and are never found except where there is salt ; they occur, therefore, in salt marshes near the coast, on the shores of salt lakes, or at the mouths of tidal rivers, under stones, refuse, &c., and especially in eracks in expanses of mud, from which they emerge in bright sunshine. I. Thorax metallic green, elytra yellow testaceous ; an- tenne red . . . Pere ie . « © . « » P. LUBIDIPENNIS, Germ. Pogoniis. | ADEPHAGA. 131 ll. Upper side entirely bronze ; antennz dark. i. Striz of elytra as plain at apex as at base; elytra parallel-sided . . . . P.xrrroraris, Duft. ii. Strie of elytra ana iweaker iat apex; ‘elytra slightly: ovateiprcuie tsa & Sst - . . P.cHanceus, Marsh. P. luridipennis, Germ. (Burrellii, Curt., Fig. Brit. Ent. i. 47). Very conspicuous by its bright-green head and thorax and testaceous elytra, which are sometimes slightly clouded on dise ; antenne and palpi testaceous; thorax short, sides rounded to behind middle and thence nearly straight to base, posterior angles sharp, dorsal furrow distinct, base depressed and punctured, with two broad fovee near angles bounded by a longitudinal fold; elytra rather broad, with punctured striz ; underside bronze-green ; legs testaceous. L. 6-7 mm. Rare; first discovered in England by Rev. J. Burrell at Salthouse on the Norfolk coast in 1806; Whitstable and Shoreham (Champion); Sheerness (salt-marshes, June, 8. Stevens) ; Hastings ; Sandwich ; Deal; Pegwell Bay (Matthews) ; Lymington Salterns ; apparently it used to be very common in the Island of Sheppy, but of late years it appears to have become very rare in thut locality. P. littoralis, Duft. Dark bronze, usually with a slight greenish reflection ; antenne fuscous black ; thorax somewhat transverse with sides considerably more dilated and rounded in front than in the pre- ceding species, slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles distinct but not projecting, dorsal furrow distinct, abbreviated in front, base de- pressed and strongly and rugosely punctured, basal fovew deep, rugose, bounded by a longitudinal fold ; elytra rather broad, parallel-sided, striz punctured, strong and well defined to the extreme apex, the punctures however ceasing behind middle; legs ferruginous, femora dark. L. 63-73 mm. Local but not uncommon; Whitstable, Gravesend, Sheerness, Chatham, Deal, Hastings; Margate; Portland ; Isle of Wight; Lymington Salternus; North Devon ; apparently confined to the more southern portions of England. P. chalceus, Marsh. Bronze, or brassy, sometimes bluish or greenish, or almost black, shining; smaller than the preceding, and dis- tinguished from it by having the striz of the elytra distinctly feebler towards apex, and by the fact that the sides are more rounded ; the sides of the thorax are less dilated in front, which give it the appearance of being somewhat longer, and the posterior angles are slightly sharper : in other respects the two species are very similar, but there can be no question as to their being distinct. L. 6 mm. Common and widely distributed along the coasts of England towards the south, but much rarer towards the north. Ihave never taken a specimen on the Lincoln- shire or Yorkshire coast, and only one locality is recorded from Northumberland ; Scotland very local, Forth, Tay, Solway ; Ireland, Baldoyle and Portrayne, Dublin. TRUNCATIPENNES. The Truncatipenne series contains a large number of exotic forms, of which, if we except perhaps the Dromius group, only comparatively few K 2 132 ADEPHAGA. [ Truncatipennes. are represented in the European fauna ; the Odacanthina, for instance, are represented by one genus and one species, the genera Casnonia and Calophena being entirely absent ; the Dryptina are “only represented by two genera (Zuphium and Drypta) and four species, of which we possess one; the genus Brachinus contains a fair number of species (about a sixth part of those known), but the large genus Pheropsophus is repre- sented by one only; of the two hundred or more species of Lebia about adozen only are European, and many of the allied genera (e.g. Catascopus, &c.) are altogether exotic. The series is distinguished by the fact that its members have the apices of the elytra more or less truncate; there are, however, several transitional forms concerning the position of which there has been con- siderable dispute: we possess but one of these as British, viz. Masoreus. According to Mr. Bates (Biol. Cent. Am. Carabidae, p. 152, &c.), before the true Truncatipennes come the subdivisions Subtruncati containing ga and its allies, and the Obtusipennes containing the Ctenodactyline. The tribes, as far as our fauna is concerned, may be divided as follows :— I. Head with two supra-orbital seta. i. Tibial spurs long; thorax transverse, with sides rounded, not cordate or cylindrical. . . . . . MASOREINA. ii, Tibial spurs short ; thorax cylindrical, or more or less cordiform. 1. Intermediate tibia of male occasionally dilated and squamulose beneath. . . . CYMINDINA. 2. Intermediate tibize of male never ‘dilated and squamulose beneath. A. Penultimate joint of labial palpi bisetose. a. Head prolonged behind eyes, joined to thorax by a semi-globular neck . 3 ODACANTHINA, bh. Head not prolonged behind eyes ; neck not semi-globular, a*, Basal joints of antenne glabrous ; apex of elytra not membranous ; paraglossm, as a rule, hardly exceeding ligula Ss, leurs LEBIINA. b*. Basal joints of antennm pubescent ; apex of elytra membranous; paraglossz slen- der and projecting far beyond ligula . . POLYSTICHINA, B. Penultimate joint of labial palpi eee - DRyYPpTINa. II. Head with one supra-orbital seta. . . . - . BRACHININA, As, however, the distinctions given above are in many cases rather scientific than of practical service, it is better to give as well the follow- ing table of those genera which are considered by some authors to form the Lebiina proper :— I. First joint of antenna as long as the three following united; mentum somewhat orbicular. . . . . . Drypra, % Il. First ‘joint of antenne not elongate; mentum trans- verse. i. Thorax elongate, cylindrical . . + . + Opacantua, Payk, ii. Thorax not cylindrical, usually more or less cordi- form, Truncatipennes. | ADEPHAGA. 133 1. Basal joints of antennz pubescent ; ape of elytra membranous . . Potysticuus, Bon. 2. Basal joints of antenne glabrous ; apex “of “elytra not membranous. A. Penultimate joint of tarsi strongly bilobed. a. Tarsal claws simple; paraglosse projecting considerably beyond ligula, crescent-shaped A&TOPHORUS, Schm.-Goeb. b. Tarsal claws pectinate; paraglosse not or hardly projecting beyond ligula. . DEMETRIAS, Bon. B. Penultimate joint of tarsi not bilobed but plainly emarginate; tarsal claws ae pec- tinate. . - « « « Lest, Latr. C. Penultimate joint of tarsi simple. a. Tarsalclawssimple .. . . . . . . Lionycuus, Wiss. b. Tarsal claws pectinate. a*. Base of thorax with an indistinct fringe of short hairs ; labial palpi of male some- times strongly dilated and securiform ; length 8-10 mm. . Cyminpis, Latr. b*. Base of thorax without trace of fringe of short hairs ; labial palpi always simple ; length 6-6} mm. at most. a}. Posterior tarsi with the last joint about equal to the first ; base of thorax truncate. . . . ‘ Dromius, Bon. bf. Posterior tarsi with the last joint plainly shorter than the first ; base of tho- rax extended behind posterior angles. af. Mentum not toothed , . . . . BrEcurus, Mots. bt. Mentum toothed. . . . . . « Merrasrerus, Schm.-Goeb. MASOREINA. The Masoreina are distinguished by the long spurs of the tibie and transverse thorax which is slightly produced in the middle of base ; they are placed by Bates among the true Truncatipennes, to which group they certainly belong, although their elytra are only subtruncate ; Horn, fol- lowing Thomson, classes them with the Anchomenina, and regards them as separated from the Anchomeni by the slightly lobed base of thorax ; they may be looked upon as a transitional genus (in which light Bedel evidently regards them, as he places them between Olisthopus and Anchomenus on the one hand,.and the Lebiina on the other), but this may be more truthfully said of other undoubted Truncatipennes, e.g. genera of Thyreopterine, which are exactly like Anchomenina, and can only be distinguished by dissection of the mouth. MASOREWUS, Dejean. This genus comprises about twenty species, which are widely dis- tributed over Africa, Asia, and Europe, two or three ozcurring in Java, one in Cuba, and one in the Canary Isles; they live in sandy districts, and are found usually at the roots of grass and plants or under stones in sand-hills and other dry localities; we possess but one species, which when alive has very much the appearance of a large Trechus minutus. 134 ADEPHAGA, [Masoreus. M. Wetterhalii, Gyll. (/uzatus, Dej.). Pitehy red, shining, margins of thorax (occasionally) and ‘base of elytra’ ferruginous ; head much narrower than thorax, antenne and palpi red; thorax short and broad with sides completely rounded from apex to base, posterior angles very blunt, almost rounded, dorsal furrow fine, anterior and posterior margins about equal in breadth ; elytra ovate with fine and finely punc- tured stria, interstices smooth ; legs red. L. 5 mm. Very local and usually rare, but it is by no means uncommon at Deal and on the Chesil Bank, Portland, in which latter locality Mr. J. J. Walker has taken it in some numbers this summer (1885) ; Sheerness ; Southend; Weymouth; St. Osyth, Essex ; Hunstanton, Norfolk, where I have taken it very rarely on the sand-hills. I know of no locality further north. CYMINDINA. The species that form this tribe (which contains only two or three genera besides Cymindis). are distinguished from those of the neigh- bouring tribes by the truncate apical joint of the labial palpi, which in the males of many species are dilated and securiform ; the occurrence of numerous species with the middle as well as the anterior tarsi of the male dilated and furnished beneath with squame, shows clearly that Cymindis and its allies form a sub-type quite distinct from the Lebiina, with which Lacordaire and Schaum combined them. (See Bates, Biol. Cent. Am. Carabide, p. 186.) CYMINDIS, Laitreille. (Tarus, Clairv.) This genus comprises, according to the Munich Catalogue, a hundred and twenty species, but their number is probably exaggerated, as many of them are subject to variation (M. Bedel, for instance, says (1. c. p. 118) that C. axillaris has received twenty different names, and that in all the Europeo-Mediterranean region not more than thirty species are really known, although their number has been generally reckoned at about fifty) ; they chiefly occur in Europe, Northern Asia, and North America, but a few species are found in the southern hemisphere: we only possess two species, which may be distinguished as follows :— 1. Upper surface shining ; elytra black with humeral patch and margins yellow . . . C. AXxIbnaris, F. 2. Upper surface dull; elytra dark brown, red brown at base .. ohRe yttas sr . « « « C, VAPORARIORUM, Z. C. axillaris, F: (homagrica, Duft., angularis, Steph.). Head large, black, shining; antenne and palpi ferruginous ; ; thorax dark ferruginous with the rather broadly raised margins lighter, about as long as ‘broad, wide in front and rounded and narrowed behind, posterior angles very minutely projecting, rugose and punctured, especially on the sides, dorsal furrow fine, basal fovea: distinct; elytra depressed, deeply striated, interstices with an irregular row of punctures in each, third stria with three or four large pores, black, shining, not pubescent, with margin and a uarrow oblong spot at shoulders yellow; legs red. L, 8-10 mm. Cyminilis.] ADEPHAGA. 135 Chalky hill-sides, under stones and at roots of grass; local, but not uncommon ; Box Hill, Reigate, Mickleham; Isle of Wight; New Forest; Lewes; Swanage; Portland ; Portsmouth ; Weymouth; Lowestoft; Swansea. C. vaporariorum, L. (basalis, Gyll.). Dull, somewhat pubescent ; head and thorax black or dark brown, thickly and coarsely punctured, antenne and palpi ferruginous ; thorax convex, cordiform, much more strongly punctured and more contracted behind than in the preceding, posterior angles sharp, projecting, dorsal furrow and basal fovee feeble ; elytra black with the base reddish brown, plainly striated, the inter- stices thickly and coarsely punctured in two irregular rows ; legs red. L. 8-10 mm. Moors, mountains, and high districts, under stones, at roots of trees or herbage, &c. ; very local and not common; Llangollen ; Midgley Moor, Halifax, and Tees district, Yorkshire ; Heswell, Cheshire ; Liverpool district ; Cannock Chase; Twizell Moor, Northumberland. Scotland, local, Highlands and mountains, Tweed, Forth, Dee, and Clyde districts (Braemar, Aviemore, Paisley, &c.). Ireland, Donegal. ODACANTHINA. A large number of exotic species are contained in this tribe which are remarkable for their large heads and long thorax, the large genus Cas- nonia being especially noticeable ; from the Dryptina as usually consti- tuted, and from the Brachinina the tribe is distinguished by the fact that its members have the penultimate joint of the labial palpi bisetose in front and not plurisetose: if, however, we admit Polystichus (in which it is bisetose) among the Dryptina, and this seems, although doubtfuily, to be its proper place, it is difficult to find a distinguishing character that wiil hold universally. As Mr. Bates, however, has sepa- rated off Zga and its allies (in which the globular or semi-globular neck so characteristic of Odacantha is feebly marked or obsolete) under a sub- family Lachnophorine, this character (the possession of a more or less cylindrical neck) will separate the tribe before us from all the other true Truncatipennes with bisetose penultimate joint of the labial palpi, except Agra, which may at once be distinguished by the strongly securiform last joint of the labial palpi. The two other tribes which have been classed with this group of the Truncatipennes do not really belong to the true Truncatipennes at all; these are the Ctenodactylina, which have the elytra rounded at the apex and entire, and which for other reasons besides this fact Mr. Bates places under a separate subdivision Obtusi- pennes, and the Mormolycina which seem to form a distinct type of Carabidz altogether. ODACANTHA, Paykull. Four species only belong to this genus, one from Burmah, another from Senegal, a third from Japan, and the fourth from Europe ; this latter is the sole representative of the tribe in the European fauna; they are found in marshy and reedy places on the banks of lakes and swamps. 136 ADEPHAGA. [ Odacantha. Westwood (Classif. i. p. 77) records the capture of many hundred specimens of our species under the bark of trees growing in the water, in Italy, in a district where the insect had been very scarce. O. melanura, Payk. Head and thorax dark bluish green, elytra testaceous with the apex bluish-black or violet ; head very large, much produced behind eyes, and gradually narrowed to base, antennz fuscous with first three joints and base of fourth testaceous ; thorax very elon- gate, cylindrical, much narrower than head, coarsely punctured and rugose, with plain dorsal furrow, very narrowly margined; elytra elon- gate, pavallel-sided, with rows of fine punctures, which are more or less obsolete ; legs testaceous, knees and more or less of the tarsi pitchy. L. 6 mm. Marshy places, among reeds ; also in stems of Zypha in winter ; common in the fen districts of Cambridgeshire and the neighbouring counties (Whittlesea Mere, Horning Fen, Wicken Fen, &c.); Earlswood and Merton, Surrey; Birchington, Margate ; Dagenham, Essex ; Balcombe, Sussex; Shipley, Horsham; Ilford, Essex ; Manningtree ; Woodbastwick, Norwich; Swansea, Crymlyn Bog; formerly found in Hammersmith Marshes; not recorded from the north of England, Scotlaud, or Treland, but it probably occurs in many more localities and districts than have been hitherto kuown. LEBIINA. This tribe, as here constituted, contains Lebia, Dromius and its imme- diate allies Aétuphorus and Demetrias, and also Metabletus, Blechrus, and Lionychus; in many points these genera differ widely inter se, but a further revision of the whole group is necessary before they can be pro- perly subdivided : this point will be found again alluded to in the intro- duction to the genus Dromius; for the present the tribe must be regarded as more or less unformed, and provisional. LEBIA, Latreille. The genus Lebia comprises a large number of species (over 200), which are widely distributed throughout the world, but occur more especially in tropical regions; they are usually bright-coloured, handsome insects, although not large sized; they are found under stones and in moss, also under bark, and on flowering shrubs (such as broom, &c.): their habits are carnivorous, and their presence on the plants is probably to be accounted for by their prey inhabiting the leaves and flowers. Of our five species two are extremely doubtful as British. I. Elytra metallic, green, blue, or violet . . . . . (Lamprtas, Bonelli.) j. Antenne with the first joint reddish ; elytra slightly pubescent; scutellum dark . . . . . . . + J, cyanoorpnana, L, ii. Antenne with the first three joints reddish ; elytra smooth ; scutellum red . . . - . - . UL. CaLonocePHALa, Hoff. II. Flytra not metallic ; prevailing colour orange, tes- taceous, orreddish . . . - - + + « . « (LEBrA, 2. sp.) i. Palpi black. . . . 2. - + se + + » « + UL, CRUX-MINOR, LD. Lebia.] ADEPHAGA. 137 ii. Palpi reddish testaceous. 1, Striz of elytra indistinct; interstices flat. . . LL. HEMORRHOIDALIS, F. 2. Striew of elytra well marked; interstices convex L. TURCICA, F. L. cyanocephala, L. Head, breast, abdomen and elytra bluish green, blue, or violet, shining ; head thickly punctured, antenne black, basal jomt reddish, sometimes darker on upper surface ; thorax testaceous red, short and broad, diffusely punctured, with sides rounded in front, contracted at base, posterior angles prominent; scutellum dark ; elytra broad, widened behind, with feeble punctured striz, interstices punc- tured ; base of femora and central portion of tibiz red, the rest black or pitchy, with a more or less metallic tinge. L. 5-7 mm. Very local and not common ; chalky places, under stones, in moss, &c. ; occasionally taken by sweeping Hypericum ; chalk-hills near Reigate, especially Buckland Hill; Mickleham; Ripley; Darenth Wood; Dover; Bournemouth; near Darlington, Yorkshire. L. chlorocephala, Hoff. Easily distinguished from the preceding by having the first three joints of the antennz,* the entire femora, the breast, and scutellum red; bright green or greenish-blue; thorax rather longer than in the allied species, with sides rather more contracted behind ; the elytra are more finely punctured, but in this point there is some variation in different specimens; legs red, tarsi and base of tibiz fuscous black. L. 4-7 mm. Under stones, and in moss; also found on broom and beneath junipers ; Kent (Folkestone, Chatham, Dartford, Rainham); Surrey (Reigate, Ripley, Caterham, Walton-on-Thames, Shirley, Box Hill, Kenley (occasionally in abundance beneath junipers in winter) ); Lewes; Hastings; Tonbridge; New Forest; Dorset ; Bourne- mouth ; Bath ; Seaton, Devonshire; Swansea; Bentley, Suffolk; St. Osyth and Col- chester, Essex; Repton, Burton-on-Trent ; Church Stretton, Cheshire; Yorkshire, widely distributed; Northumberland and Durham; Scotland rare, about broom, but occurs from the Solway to Sutherland in Lowland districts ; also found in Ireland, Armagh, &c. A small and constant race of this species which is found at Shirley, Birch Wood, Higham (Kent), and other places, is perhaps identical with Lebia chrysocephala, Mots., which is said to be of the same colour and build as L. chlorocephala, but smaller, with the elytra a third shorter, and the thorax less transverse ; there is also a difference in the punctua- tion of the interstices, but in the species of the sub-genus Lamprias this cannot be relied upon as a character, as has been shown above. Dr. Power once took eighty specimens of this variety at Gamlinghay near Cambridge, without taking one of the type form. L. crux-minor, L. Head black, strongly punctured ; antenne fus- cous, with the first three joints and base of the fourth red; thorax red- dish-testaceous, small, short, very transverse, posterior angles prominent ; scutellum black ; elytra broad, orange testaceous, with suture, a triangular patch round scutellum, a broad waved band just behind middle, and * The third joint is usually more or less fuscous at apex. 138 ADEPHAGA. [Lebia. extreme apical margin black ; the extremities of the waved band are usually continued to apex, so that with the apical margin they completely enclose two light spots: varieties, however, occur in which the band is interrupted (as sometimes happens in Panagwus) ; strie feeble, and very finely punctured, interstices with fine diffuse punctures, almost smooth ; underside black, except of thorax which is red; legs red, apex of femora, and tarsi, pitchy. L. 5-6 mm. Very rare ; damp places in woods, &e.; it has been found in moss, beaten from broom, and taken “at sugar” by night; it also occurs under faggots and stones: Plumstead, Tonbridge Wells, Coombe Wood, Headley Lane, Crohamhurst Godalming, from all which localities in Kent and Surrey single examples have been recorded ; the largest number of examples taken in any one place were found by Dr. Power at Holm Bush near Brighton, in May, 1857, and he probably would have found a con- siderable number more, had the ground not been flooded by a thunder shower; Basingstoke (W. J. Saunders) ; Dawson records Windsor, Bristol, Netley, Lymington, and Treneglos, Cornwall, as localities : in Scotland the species has occurred near Loch Lomond, and very rarely in the Clyde and Solway districts: this insect is widely dis- tributed over Southern and Central Europe, Asia Minor and Siberia. L. hemorrhoidalis, F. (marginata, Foure.). Red, elytra black or bluish black with the apex red, breast black ; head and thorax finely punctured, the latter short, much dilated and rounded at the sides ; elytra with the shoulders rounded and prominent, sides dilated behind middle, with feeble and feebly punctured striz, interstices flat, diffusely and weakly punctured ; third stria with two small pores; antennz and legs testaceous. L. 4 mm. “Netley, Shropshire, on broom, Rev. F. W. Hope,” Stephens; Dr. Power has a specimen taken by Mr. Sidebotham, near Devizes ; the species, however, is very doubt- fully indigenous. L. turcica, F. (scapularis, Foure.). Smaller than erwx-minor ; head black, mouth, palpi, and antennze reddish testaceous ; thorax reddish with a deep central line, scutellum reddish; elytra black with a large reddish testaceous patch on the shoulders, and a very slender margin of the same colour extending to apex, deeply striated, interstices convex, these and the striz themselves almost impunctate; breast and legs red, abdomen black, paler in centre ; legs testaceous. L. 5 mm. The claim of this species to be regarded as British rested for many years on four specimens reported to have been captured, many years ago, in Oakhampton Park. In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for June, 1883 (vol. xx., p- 8), a specimen is recorded as taken from birch stumps in a clearing near Guestling, Hastings, by Mr. Bennett ; this specimen appears to be authentic, but further confirmation of the species is much needed. AETOPHORWUS, Schmidt-Goebel. One species only is contained in this genus, and this is included by some authors under Demetrias ; from the species of this genus it is dis- tinguished by the quite simple claws of the tarsi, by the large pro- jecting paraglossw, and by the absence of a tooth in the emargination of the mentum. Aétophorus. | ADEPHAGA. 139 A. imperialis, Germ. Winged, elongate, depressed; head black, large, narrowed in front and behind, antenne testaceous ; thorax reddish, elongate, cordiform, strongly narrowed behind, finely margined, posterior angles blunt ; elytra somewhat wider than in the species of the following genus, testaceous, feebly striated, with two oblique streaks on each side of scutellum, and the suture itself until middle where it dilates into a lozenge-shaped spot, dark; there are also two dark spots near the margins behind middle, usually connected with the middle spot by two lines, the whole markings bearing a fancied resemblance to the double- eagle (hence its name Aétophorus or eagle-bearer) ; the third interstice is furnished with two pores ; legs testaceous, penultimate joint of tarsi very strongly bilobed. L. 43-5 mm. Rare,jon reeds and herbage in fenny districts; Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, and Norfolk Fens (Horning, &c.); marshes at the mouth of the Colne, near Colchester (W. H. Harwood); Dagenham and Ilford, Essex. DEMETRIAS, Bonelli. This genus comprises about eight species mostly from Europe and Northern Asia ; they are distinguished from the preceding by having the tarsal claws pectinate or denticulate, the paraglosse only reaching slightly beyond the lingua, and by the emargination of the mentum being fur- nished with a simple tooth ; from Dromius they are at once separated, like the preceding, by the strongly bilobed penultimate joint of the tarsi. 1. Elytra with a common well-marked spot on apical third ; wings none orrudimentary. . . . . . . D. UNIPUNCTATUS, Germ. 2. Elytra with suture more or less dark, but with no defined spot ; wings developed. . . . . . . . - D. arricapitius, ZL. D. unipunctatus, Germ. (monostigma,Sam.). Elongate, apterous ; head black, antennz and palpi reddish testaceous ; thorax reddish, cordi- form, slightly margined, posterior angles very blunt; elytra testaceous with suture and a common spot black, feebly striated, third interstice with two pores; underside and legs testaceons. L. 4-4} mm. At roots of grass, in moss, &c., also on rushes, on sand-hills, and in dry sandy places, as well as in marshes. Local, but not rare; Deal, Ramsgate, and various localities in the south and south-east ; also Norfolk and Lincolnshire coasts and south- west Yorkshire; Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire Fens ; Swansea and the western coast ; local towards the north, and not recorded from the extreme north of England or from Scotland. D. atricapillus, L. Elongate, winged ; very like the preceding, but with no distinct spot on the elytra, and with the posterior angles of thorax more distinct; elytra feebly striated, some of the interstices near suture with rows of larger punctures, suture blackish ; underside testa- ceous, meso- and meta-sternum blackish ; legs testaceous. L. 54-6 mm. On herbage, especially nettles, in spring ; in moss, amongst dead twigs in hedges, &e. ; very common over the whole of England until towards the extreme north, where it becomes rare ; it is not recorded from Scotland. 140 ADEPHAGA. [Dromius. DROMIUS, Ponelli. The species belonging to this genus are somewhat numerous, being upwards of a hundred in number ; they are distributed over the whole world, but are chiefly found in the temperate regions; a small proportion live in the southern hemisphere, and these occur mostly in Chili, in which country and its adjoining districts several of the northern genera (e.g. Carahus) appear to repeat themselves; several also of the genera near Dromius are Chilian ; the tribe has not yet been fully worked out, especially as regards the southern forms; the habits of the species are very different, some being found on plants or among refuse at their base or roots, others occurring in dry and stony places, others being confined to fenny localities, while one section are almost exclusively found under bark of trees: there are about twenty European species, of which we possess eleven as British ; some of the species are winged and others apterous ; the presence of wings is always shown in the testaceous species (and this applies also to the preceding genera) by a dusky patch around the scutellum. Mr. Bates (1. c. p. 191) says that a group Dromiides is incapable of definition, including as it does such discrepant elements as Axinopalpus, Dromius, Metabletus, and Demetrias, and we may add Aétophorus with its large and projecting paraglosse; he is of opinion that Mefabletus might well be classed with the Cymindina, “its ligula and paraglossz being similar to those of that group, whilst Dromius, in spite of the non- extension of the paraglosse along the apical edge of the ligula, cannot be far removed from Plochionus:” in D. longiceps, however, the para- clossee are extended along the apical edge of the ligula; there are, how- ever, a large number of exotic forms that require to be examined before a final arrangement can be made, The larva of D. quadrinotatus is described and figured by Perris, Ann. Fr. 1862, p. 173, Fig. 502-509: it is 6 mm. in length, and resembles in general shape that of D. agilis; M. Perris found it on the pine in the cells of Pissodes notatus, devouring the larve of that beetle: a beautiful figure of the larva of D. agilis is given by Schiddte, vi., Pl. iv., Fig. 1; the head is very large, oblong, about the size and shape of the prothorax, with large powerful jaws; the abdomen is rather broad in the middle, narrower towards base and apex ; the cerci and anal appendage are very short, the latter armed with two warty excrescences which can be exserted at will, and several strong hooks for climbing ; the larva is setose, pale, with the head and all the dorsal scuta pale ferruginous, covered with darker scattered lines and markings ; it lives under the bark of dead trees, and is very active ; the larva of D. 4-maculatus much resembles the preceding, but is of a darker colour. I. Elytra at base about as broad as anterior margin of thorax. i. Striw very weak, obscurely punctured ; head elon- gate, smooth *. . ws «a =» » m=) se i= fe WD, LONGIOBPS, Day. ii. Striw plain, distinctly punctured ; head not elon- gate, rugose® . = se 6 ee eee eee =) Oh. OENBARIS, Ol. II. Elytra at base distinctly broader than anterior margin of thorax. i. Elytra unicolorous dark red or brownish, Dromius. | ADEPHAGA. 141 1, Elytra with a row of pores on both the 3rd and MbAVINterablCOst ok ome Take ents hale aks oe 2. Elytra with a row of pores on the 7th interstice only) 3) Sie Se Ee a SS Di MEREDIONALIS; Dey: ii. Elytra more or less testaceous. F 1. Anterior testaceous markings of elytra not reaching side margins. A. Thorax plainly broader than long; front of head entirely striated -. . . . . . 2s. B. Thorax plainly longer than broad ; front of head smooth in centre. . . .. . . . « D. QUADRINOTATUS, Panz. 2. Anterior testaceous markings of elytra reaching side margins. A. Head strongly contracted behind eyes; an- tennz with joints 5-10 short; thorax broader thanlong. . . . . . - . «~~. ~ + D. QUADRISIGNATUS, Dej. B. Head gradually contracted behind eyes; an- tenne with joints 3-10 elongate ; thorax at least as long as broad. a. Elytra entirely testaceous; shoulders marked D, MELANOCEPHALUS, Dej. b. Elytra testaceous with a more or less de- fined dark band ; shoulders rounded. a*, Thorax and elytra narrower. aft. Thorax and abdomen pitch-black ; dark markings on elytra ill-defined . . D. NIGRIVENTRIS, Thoms. bt. Thorax and abdomen yellow or reddish yellow; dark markings on elytra well defined wagetme-msc0 ooh <) tem-\ a) bo0 LD SLA Hoses. b*. Thorax and elytra broader ; underside of abdomen and disc of thorax usually pitchy. D. vEcTENSIs, Rye. D. aainis, F. D. quapRIMacuLatts, LZ. D. longiceps, Dej. Elongate, very like a Demetrias ; head long and narrow, pitch-brown, antennz and palpi reddish testaceous, base of the former lighter ; thorax longer than broad, with sides narrowed behind, and margins elevated, posterior angles obtuse, almost rounded ; elytra long, narrow, somewhat widened behind middle, feebly striated, testaceous, with suture, and a spot behind middle into which the suture widens, fuscous ; legs testaceous. L. 6-63 mm. Rare ; confined to marshy and fenny localities; Horning Fen, Holme Fen, and Whittlesea Mere, and other localities in the eastern fen districts; among reeds and sedges both standing and cut; found like other fen insects in the sedge boats on the river Cam, This species differs so much from the other Dromii in general appear- ance, and also in the fact that the paraglossz are united over the front of the lingua, forming a membranous rim round that organ, that it almost seems to form the type of a new genus, for which I would propose the name of Paradromius ; I would not, however, venture to adopt it finally without a further examination of the genus. D. linearis, Ol. Easily distinguished by its elongate narrow form and almost parallel-sided elytra; dark testaceous red, head pitchy red, antennz testaceous ; thorax only slightly longer than head, and about the same breadth at its widest part, narrowed behind, posterior angles 142 ADEPHAGA. [ Dromius. right angles; elytra strongly striated, the strie distinctly punctured, colour darker towards apex ; legs testaceous. L. 4 mm. In moss, amongst dead twigs, refuse, &c. ; widely distributed and common through- out England ; Scotland, widely distributed, Lowlands, but not common ; Ireland, near Belfast, and Portmarnock, and probably widely distributed. D. agilis, F. Head dark red brown, often blackish, strigose be- tween the eyes ; antenne testaceous ; thorax red brown with the margins, which are broad, lighter, as long us broad, somewhat narrowed behind, posterior angles blunt, dise strigose; elytra dark pitchy red, or red- brown, somewhat widened behind middle, dise rather depressed, obsoletely striated, with a row of pores on the third and also on the seventh in- terstice ; legs testaceous. L. 55-6 mm. Under bark of beech, apple, &c., and among the damp herbage of river banks ; local but widely distributed ; it is rather rare in the London district, and other places, but is found all over the country ; Scotland, common under bark, Lowlands, Tay, Dee, Solway, Clyde; Ireland, near Dublin. D. meridionalis, Dej. Almost exactly like the preceding, but differs in having the thorax wider in front and more obliquely narrowed to base, with the posterior angles more obtuse, and especially in having a distinct row of pores on the seventh interstice, and none on the third. L. 53-6 mm. Found under the same circumstances as the preceding, but commoner; it does not, however, appear in the Scotch list at all, although it is recorded from various localities in Northumberland ; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin. D. quadrimaculatus, L. Head blackish brown, finely striated between the eyes, mouth and antennz testaceous yellow ; thorax broader than long, reddish with darker disc, sometimes entirely red, margins broad, elevated, posterior angles very blunt, rounded or almost rounded ; elytra black with two large testaceous patches before middle, and a large common one behind covering their apical portion, disc feebly but ~ distinctly striated, sixth stria with a row of pores; underside of thorax and breast ferruginous, of abdomen black; legs testaceous. L. 5-5} mm. Common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom under bark of various trees. D. quadrinotatus, Panz. Much smaller than the preceding, and not so broad in proportion; head black with front of head smooth in the centre, only strigose near eyes, antenne testaceous, a little darker towards apex; thorax pitchy brown with sides sometimes lighter, much more elongate than in the preceding, narrow, with posterior angles elevated and somewhat prominent, margins narrow ; elytra fuscous black or brownish, marked as in the preceding species except that the apical spot is smaller and the anterior spots are not so sharply bounded with black at the margins; they are, however, always separated from them by a more or less narrow pitchy space ; striae feeble; legs testaceous. L. 33-4 mm. Dromius. | ADEPHAGA, 143 Under bark, generally distributed and common, but not so abundant as the pre- ceding ; Scotland widely distributed as far north as the Moray district, but not common ; not recorded from Ireland, but probably occurs there. D. quadrisignatus, Dej. Head black, smooth, mouth, palpi and antennee testaceous, the latter shorter and with the joints distinctly less elongate than in the two preceding species ; thorax quadrate, reddish, with the centre sometimes pitchy, only slightly contracted behind, pos- terior angles obtuse ; elytra with very feeble traces of strie, shoulders well marked, fuscous, with two testaceous spots on each, an irregular one towards base, as a rule not quite reaching suture, and a smaller one at apex, the apical spots uniting at suture ; legs pale testaceous. L. 34 mm. Not common, under bark of oak, apple, &c.; Ashford, Reigate, Maidstone, Nutfield, Horsell, Wimbledon Park ; Margate; Rusper, near Horsham ; Grantchester; Ather- stone; Weston, Oxfordshire (bark of firs) ; Cambridge ; not recorded from the midland or northern districts. D. melanocephalus, Dej. Head black, smooth; antenne and palpi testaceous; thorax reddish, sometimes slightly clouded on disc, subquadrate, a little narrowed towards base, posterior angles distinct and elevated ; elytra entirely testaceous, very fecbly striated ; under- side reddish, abdomen often brownish ; legs testaceous. L. 24-3 mm. Damp places, in moss, &e.; common and widely distributed throughout England ; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Tay, Solway; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin, and pro- bably widely distributed. D. nigriventris, Thoms. (fasciatus, Dej., oblitus, Boield.). Head black, antennz and palpi testaceous, apex of latter pitchy; thorax pitchy with the margins lighter, subquadrate, margins raised, especially behind, posterior angles blunt but distinct ; elytra oblong more or less pitchy, with a pale patch covering the basal portion except just at suture, and an indistinct smaller patch at apex ; in some specimens the spots are cloudy and confused, and run more or less the one into the other; striz exceedingly feeble, sometimes almost obliterated ; underside pitchy black; legs testaceous. L. 3 mm. Sandy coasts, and banks of rivers ; also on banks of ditches, and in hedge bottoms ; local, but common where it occurs, and widely distributed. Gravesend, Sheerness, Chatham, Whitstable, Walton-on-Thames; Eastbourne, Weymouth, Lymington, and other places on the south coast; Essex; Scarborough ; Devonshire ; Cheshire; Liver- pool; Northumberland and Durham ; Scotland, scarce, Lowlands, Tweed, Tay, Forth, Moray ; Ireland, near Dublin, &c. D. sigma, Rossi. Very like the preceding in shape and size, but much lighter, with the dark markings on the elytra well defined ; the thorax also is much lighter, being usually unicolorous testaceous red without any darker shade on disc; the elytra are clear testaceous with a dark transverse toothed fascia behind middle ; the suture also is more or less dark; the abdomen, instead of being pitchy, is yellow or reddish yellow, sometimes slightly fuscous at margins; antenna, palpi, and legs entirely testaceous. L, 3 mm, 144 ADEPHAGA. [Dromius- Rare; confined to fens and marshy places; formerly taken in numbers with D. longiceps iu the sedge boats on the Cam, and Whittlesea Mere; Rusper, near Hor- sham; Westerham, Kent (Gorham); Dorking; Staines; Amberley ; Egham (banks of Thames, Champion); Scarborough (R, Lawson) and Askham Bryan, Yorks; Dawson records it from North Wales and Carlisle. D. vectensis, Rye. (sigma var., Dawson and others). Fig. with elytra of D. sigma, Ent. Ann. 1874, Front. Closely allied to the preceding, but more robust and wider generally ; anteunz shorter and stouter; thorax somewhat more transverse ; elytra wider and compara- tively shorter with the sides less parallel; the transverse band on the elytra is always wider, nearly always reaching more broadly up the suture towards the scutellum, so as to leave a lesser testaceous space at shoulders, and invariably extending downwards on the outer side, almost (if not quite) to apex, leaving only a small pale spot on each next suture, instead of a broad patch as in sigma; thorax often pitchy on disc, abdomen more or less pitchy. L. 3 mm. Usually occurs on sandy coasts and banks of rivers, but is also found under bark and in dead leaves, flood refuse, &c. ; banks of the Medway at Chatham ; banks of the Thames, Gravesend and Sheerness; Rochester; Bexley; Forest Hill; Weymouth ; Isle of Wight (Luccombe, Ventnor, Sandown, amidst stones and herbage on the sides of the cliffs); Seaton (Power): in habitat as well as structure and colouration it differs considerably from D. sigma; in some respects it comes near D. nigriventris, but the latter is distinguished by its slighter build, and much less defined and very variable dark fascia on the elytra. This species is the D. oblitus of Crotch’s Cat. Brit. Col., and also of Sharp’s Cat. Brit. Col. (1st Edition), but it is not the D. oblitus of Boieldieu, which must be referred to D. nigriventris. (Vide Ent. Mo. Mag. x. 73.) BLECHRWS, Motschulsky. This genus comes very close to Metabletus ; it is chiefly distinguished from it by the fact that the species have no tooth in the emargination of the mentum, whereas the species of Metalletus have the emargination plainly denticulate: the differences, however, are rather specific than generic, and several authors include Blechrus under Metabletus ; in the genus Blechrus proper there are some sixteen or seventeen species which are rather widely distributed, being found in Europe, North Asia, North America, Egypt, Algeria, Madeira, and Cuba: they are small shining insects, and run with great rapidity in the sunshine on the sides of clayey or sandy cliffs, and on grassy paths, usually near the coast, B. maurus, Sturm (glabratus, Woll., nec Duft.). Dark bronze black, very shining; head large, smooth; thorax with the anterior margin about as broad as head with eyes, narrowed from behind anterior angles to base, posterior angles blunt, almost obsolete, but distinctly traceable under a high magnifying power; elytra depressed, glabrous, with the shoulders rather marked, abbreviated behind and leaving the apical portion of the abdomen uncovered; antenne, palpi, and legs black, the latter sometimes pitchy. L. 23 mm. Blechrus. | ADEPHAGA, 145 Under stones, moss, refuse, &c., also running in the sun ; generally distributed and common in the south, but not found towards the north or in Scotland; it usually occurs in or near the coast. B. glabratus, Duft., which has been in the British lists, is not in- digenous: it is a larger insect, with the thorax a little less contracted behind, and with the elytra more parallel, and rather longer ; it belongs to Southern Europe. METABLETWS, Schmidt-Goebel. About two dozen species are contained in this genus, which come from much the same countries, and are found under very much the same circumstances as the species of Blechrus, which they rather closely resemble in size and general appearance ; about half the species are European, of which we possess three as British. I. Elytra with two el ia ae or Lethe on the third stria . . - M. Fovrona, Gy/ll. It. Elytra without i impressions or ‘pores on the third stria. i. eens oval, unicolorous . . . M. rruncarertrs, L. i, Elytra oblong, with a very obseure ‘yellowish Manet at shoulders, and sometimes also at apex . . M.oBscURO-GuTTaTUs, Duft. IM. foveola, Gyll. Obscure brassy brown ; apterous; head large, smooth, antenne black; thorax short, with anterior margin hardly broader than head with eyes, contracted from behind anterior angles to posterior angles which are obtuse and somewhat elevated ; elytra some- what widened behind, moderately rounded at the sides, feebly striated, with two distinct pores on the third stria; legs black or slightly pitchy. L, 3 mm. Sandy places, at roots of grass, &c.; common and widely distributed throughout England ; Scotland local, Lowlands, but widely distributed; Ireland, Portmarnock, &e. Mi. truncatellus, L. Shorter and smaller than the preceding without any brassy tinge, and without any pores on the third stria of the elytra; apterous; thorax shorter, with anterior margin slightly emarginate, more rounded at the sides, and with the posterior angles very blunt almost rounded off; elytra shorter and slightly wider, apex very wide, disc obsoletely striated ; legs black or pitchy. L. 24 mm. Sandy places, at roots of grass, &c.; local but not uicommon sues it occurs ; Sheerness, Dulwich, Chatham, Reigate, Croydon; Staines; Walton-on-Thames ; Deal and Pegwell Bay ; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton ; Colchester ; Tonbridge ; Salford Priors ; Bewdley ; Cannock Chase ; I know of no "locality for this species in the northern counties, and think with Dr, Sharp~that the one Scotch record, «Cramond, Murray,” is probably a mistake; Ireland, Portmarnock (Haliday). M. obscuro-guttatus, Duft. Winged, obscure brassy brown each elytron with a very obscure light spot at sboulder and occasionally another at apex ; thorax much as in M. foveola, but with the sides and posterior angles slightly more rounded ; elytra with the apex obliquely L 146 ADEPHAGA. [Metabletus. truncate, feebly striated ; tibie and tarsi testaceous, femora darker. L. 3 mm. Damp places, in moss, under refuse, &c. ; local, but not uncommon in the south and midland districts ; apparently not found in the north or in Scotland; Lee, Sheerness, Chatham, Tonbridge Wells, Reigate, Dulwich, Lewisham; Weymouth ; Hastings ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Isle of Wight ; Colchester ; Slapton Ley, Devon; Salford Priors ; Bewdley; Norfolk; Berkshire. LIONYCHUS, Wissman. This genus, as its name implies, is separated from the preceding by the simple and smooth tarsal claws: it contains nine or ten species, which are widely distributed over the Old World, representatives being found in India and Burmah, and also at the Cape of Good Hope; they are all small, more or less brassy, with light spots on the elytra: in habits they resemble the Bembidia. L. quadrillum, Duft. Shining black with a feeble bronze reflection ; antenne black, with first joint brownish-red ; thorax with anterior margin plainly wider than head with eyes, rounded at the sides below the anterior angles, much contracted towards base, posterior angles small, acute, and prominent; elytra broad and short, shoulders rather marked, with four distinct stria near suture, the outer ones obsolete, interstices finely sha- greened, with a row of minute but plain punctures in each, each elytron with two yellow spots, one near shoulder, and another more or less obscure behind middle which is sometimes absent ; legs black. L. 3 mm. Marshy places on the coast, under stones, &., rare; Sheerness; Whitstable; Southend ; Slapton Ley, Devon; Lymington; Raincliff Wood, near Scarborough, at roots of ash (R. Lawson). POLYSTICHINA. This tribe is distinguished by having the basal joints of the antenne pubescent, the apex of the elytra membranous, and especially by its very long and slender paraglosse ; it is, however, merely adopted here pro- visionally, as it is probable that Polystichus belongs to the Dryptina, being connected with them through the gradations Diaphorus, Zuphium, Galerita, Planetes, &. From Drypta itself it differs very widely by its cordiform thorax, simple fourth joint of the tarsi, and comparatively short first joint of antenne. One thing is certain, and that is, that it cannot be classed, as it is by Dr. Horn and others, with the Helluonina, from which tribe it is widely separated by its long membranous para- gloss ; in Helluo these parts are corneous and merged in the ligula. POLYSTICHUS, Bonelli. Nine species of this genus are mentioned in the Munich Catalogue, but according to M. Bedel only three true species are known, two from Europe, and one from Central Asia; very little is known about their habits, Lionychus. | ADEPHAGA. 147 P. vittatus, Brullé (connexus, Foure., fasciolatus, Daws. G. Brit., nec Rossi). Head and thorax pitchy brown above and beneath, elytra pitchy with a broad reddish testaceous patch extending on each side of suture from base to beyond middle; upper surface covered with yellow pubescence ; head and thorax coarsely punctured, antenne and palpi fer- ruginous ; elytra depressed, parallel-sided, distinctly striated, interstices thickly punctured ; legs and abdomen ferruginous. L. 9-10 mm. Clay banks on the coast; also further inland at the foot of posts, under stones and clods, in flood refuse, &c. ; Whitstable; Herne Bay; Hastings; Hythe; Walton-on- Naze ; Southend ; St. Leonards ; Sheppy, generally distributed ; Sheerness, occasionally Walley ; in profusion in March, 1873, by digging about posts at Queenboro’ (J. J. Walker). DRYPTINA. This tribe is rich in exotic forms, the genera containing the greatest number of species being Galerita and Zuphium ; in Europe it is repre- sented by two genera and six species, of which one only is British ; several of its members have the head joined to the thorax by a semi- globular neck as in the Odacanthina, but from these and their allies they are distinguished by the penultimate joint of the labial palpi being plurisetose in front, and also in some cases by the elongate first joint of the antenne ; this point, however, cannot be depended upon as of tribal value, as some of the genera of the allied tribes have the first joint longer than some of the Dryptina. DRYPTA, Fabricius. This genus comprises upwards of thirty species from Europe, Asia, and Africa, one or two also being found in Australia ; they occur chiefly in hot regions ; as a rule they are very handsome insects ; they live in either damp or dry places, near the sea or further inland, at the roots of grass, under vegetable refuse, &c. D. dentata, Rossi (emarginata, ¥.). Bright green or blue green on both the upper and under sides ; head thickly punctured, eyes prominent ; mouth, palpi, and antenne red, the apex of the first joint of latter (which is very elongate), and a ring round the second and third, black ; thorax elongate, almost cylindrical, somewhat narrowed behind, very coarsely punctured, with distinct dorsal furrow; elytra rather wider behind middle, pubescent, with strongly punctured striae, interstices finely punc- tured. L. 8 mm. Very local but has sometimes been taken abundantly ; it is found on clay banks at roots of grass, &c., and occurs either near the coast or inland under vegetable refuse, moss, &ce.; Gosport (in numbers); Portsmouth and Alverstoke ; Portsea; Isle of Wight, Luccombe Chine and Freshwater, April 1885 ; Hastings; Faversham; Chattenden (Kent); Lyme Regis; Chatham (a few specimens taken from moss in a wood in early spring by G. C. Champion and J. J. Walker). - L 2 ' 148 ADEPHAGA. [Brachinina. BRACHININA. This very distinct tribe is characterized by having the mesosternal epimera very wide, sometimes nearly as large as the episterna ; in some cases the posterior cox are separated, the first ventral segment being visible between them, but this character is not universal in all the species ; the most peculiar characteristic of the members of the tribe is their power of ejecting from the anus an explosive liquid, which volatilizes as soon as it reaches the air, and has caustie properties, pro- ducing an effect on tie skin similar to that caused by nitric acid: an interesting account is given of this peculiarity in Westwood’s Classifica- tion, vol. i. p. 76. Our common species of Brachinus possesses this property in a marked degree, and has hence been called the Bombardier beetle, but the effect produced is of course much more noticeable in the large tropical species: the members of the Brachinina have the abdomen with seven or eight visible segments instead of six as is the rule in the other tribes, but, as Dr. Horn points out, the importance of this fact has been much exaggerated ; the explosive fluid ejected by Brachinus does not differ except in degree of strength and chemical action from that ejected as a means of defence by several other Carabide, and if we examine the species of any of the genera which emit a liquid whether explosive or not (e.g. Galerita, or any of the larger Dryptini), it will be seen that the structure in no way differs from that of Brachinus, except that the latter has a broader sixth segment, which being truncate, or slightly emarginate, allows the genital armature to become more plainly visible, and we thus count more segments. (See Horn, Carabide, p. 166.) Dr. Horn places the Brachinina at the head of his Harpalinz unisetosz, but they evidently belong to the Truncatipenne series, from the rest of which, however, they differ in the fact that the head has only one supra-orbital seta, whereas in all the other genera it is furnished with two. M. Bedel considers them a separate sub-family. BRACHINUS, Weber. This genus contains about one hundred and fifty species, which are widely distributed throughout the world, a large proportion occurring in tropical regions ; about twenty-five species are found in Europe, of which we possess three as British, two of which are doubtfully inaigenous and require further confirmation: the species generally are of very uniform appearance and colour (red head and thorax and bluish elytra) ; they are found under stones and logs, at roots of grass, &c., often in large colonies. I. Elytra unicolorous. i. Posterior angles of thorax sharp, projecting; stri@ on elytra broad and well defined, although shallow . . . B.OREPITANS, ZL. ii. Posterior angles of thorax blunt; strim on elytra very feeble . - - . B.expropens, Duft. II. Suture of elytra broadly ‘yed bebind scutellam . . . . B. scLoprta, F. Brachinus.] ADEPHAGA. 149 B. crepitans, L. Head and thorax red, antenne ferruginous, third and fourth joints more or less fuscous; head broad, eyes prominent ; thorax in front about as broad as head with eyes, elongate, cordiform, strongly sinuate before posterior angles, which are prominent, disc rugose, dorsal furrow distinct, margins well defined ; elytra black, bluish- black, steel blue, or greenish, slightly pubescent, dull, striz shallow, but defied, interstices punctured ; legs ferruginous. L. 7-9 mm. Under stones, at roots of grass, &c., on chalky hill-sides, on river banks, and on the coast. Local, but common in the south from Sheerness and Gravesend down- wards; abundant in the Isle of Wight and many other southern localities; Swan- sea, Hertford, and Oxford (Curtis) ; Ireland, Wexford and Louth. B. explodens, Dutt. (var. glabratus, Dej.). Much smaller than the preceding ; elytra shorter, more convex, blue or green, shining, the strize only feebly indicated or quite obsolete ; the whole breast and abdomen is dark brown, whereas in B. crepitans the middle of the breast is more or less red ; the third and fourth joints of the antennz are spotted with black. L. 4-6 mm. This is a common species on the Continent, but is very doubtful as British : three distinct specimens of different forms of this insect (which is very variable) are said to have been taken by a Lepidopterist who was collecting at random in Silverdale and Wastdale in June and July 1863 for Mr. Sidebotham (Ent. Ann. 1866, 59). I feel sure that there is some mistake about these beetles, especially as no Brachini have ever been recorded from the northern districts: as Mr. Rye remarks, “it is very curious that these three specimens should be all different.” B. sclopeta, F. Very like B. explodens, but distinguished by its red breast and abdomen, and the fact that the suture is broadly red from about middle to base ; the elytra are more brightly coloured, usually blue, but sometimes greenish; the strie are faint but more distinct than in the preceding species ; the interstices are feebly punctured ; the anteunz are entirely and constantly red : examples sometimes occur in which the red sutural paich is very narrow. L. 4-6 mm. Doubtful as British; at all events, it has not occurred for many years ; Devonshire (Leach) ; Southend (Hope) ; Hastings, locality doubtful (Stephens); Mr. Matthews tells me that his specimens came from Sowerby, who took a small series “ near Margate, Kent,’’ in 1830, and gave some to his father at the time: he fully believes that they are quite authentic British specimens; the species, however, seems to have entirely disappeared from the county; it is, however, very common near Paris, and is spread widely over southern Europe, so there is no reason why it should not be found in our southern counties. HALIPLIDE. The Haliplide were formerly included among the Dytiscide, but their separation was suggested by Leconte, and has since been effected by: Thomson and Sharp. The latter at the end of his work on the Dytiscide (p. 972) discusses the position taken up by Schaum with regard to them (Insect. Deutsch. i., pt. 2, pp. 9 and 10): this author includes 150 ADEPHAGA, [Haliplide. them among the Dytiscid, but says ‘‘ that their legs are not swimming legs in shape, but only by ciliation, and that they differ so much from the true Dytiscidz in the insertion of the antenne and the number of their joints that they could be erected into a peculiar family, were it not for the fact that Pelobius existed to unite the two groups together ;” there seems, however, to be no real connection at all between Pelobius and the Haliplide ; it is most probable that Pelobius ought not to be in- cluded in the Dytiscide at all, and it is, as Dr. Sharp points out, certainly an erroneous course to include the Haliplide in one family with the Dytiscide, and at the same time to keep these latter distinct from the Carabidz ; the peculiar construction of the posterior coxe of the Haliplide, which are fixed and furnished with large plates covering the greater part of the abdomen, separates them at once from both families ; they possess, it is true, in common with the Dytiscide, the peculiarity of glabrous antenne (which are 10-jointed instead of 11- jointed as in the latter family), but this is probably only due to their manner of life and the element in which they live, and we need no more class them with the Dytiscide on this point alone than we should class a whale with a salmon because they both have their limbs modified into fins; if, however, it is clear that the Haliplide are to be separated from the Dytiscide, and there does not seem to be much doubt about the matter, they must be rather classed as a separate group of the Carabidx, and further than this must be considered as completing the circle by being closely connected with the Cicindelidz in the structure of the front of the head, and the insertion of the antennz, the clypeus extending laterally in front of their insertions, instead of not extending so far towards the sides as their insertions, as in the Carabide. It may be said, in conclusion, that if from the fact of their aquatic habits it is considered necessary to class the Haliplidee with the Dyti- scide, we might just as well class certain species of Curculionide among the water-beetles proper, notably those belonging to the genus Phytobius and its allies ; Hubrychius velatus, for instance, is quite as aquatic in its habits as Haliplus, and swims with its hind legs after the fashion of a true Dytiscide. Our genera of the Haliplide may be divided as follows :— LE toe joint of palpi small, subulate. Thorax quadrate, with lateral impressed line . . . . . Bryontus, Thoms. ii. Thorax narrowed in front . . . Hatrrrvs, Latr. IL "Terminal joint of palpi conical, longer t than the he penultimate ; thorax narrowed in front. . . . . « « Cyegmrmorts, Ill. BRYCHIUS, Thomson. This genus, which was separated by Thomson from Haliplus, comprises three species from Europe and one from California ; they live in running water, and are found attached to sunken logs or to the sides of the banks in moss, &e. B. elevatus, Panz. Pale testaceous; head thickly and finely Brychius.] ADEPHAGA. 151 punctured, eyes somewhat prominent; thorax transverse, rounded in front, straight towards base, anterior and posterior margins sometimes fuscous, base with deep impressions ; elytra with black plainly punctured strie, which become feebler at sides; third interstice raised into a keel until beyond middle, sixth interstice also raised towards base. L. 33-4 mm. Somewhat local but widely distributed throughout England from north to south in brooks and rivers; Scotland, common in rapid streams, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Solway, Clyde, Moray; Ireland, Dublin, Loughlinstown, and Armagh, and probably common. I have found it on logs inthe Dove near Burton-on-Trent in company with Macronychus and Hydroporus 12-pustulatus. HALIPULUS, Laireille. This and the preceding genus are remarkable for the very small and subulate terminal joint of the palpi, in which point they resemble the Bembidiina, which on this account have been for a long time placed at the end of the Carabide. About forty or fifty species are comprised in the genus, which occur chiefly in Europe and North America, a very small proportion being found in China and Australia; they live in both fresh and brackish water, in stagnant ponds and also in running streams, attached to aquatic plants, &e. The larve of Haliplus are very peculiar in their structure : those of H. ruficollis and H. fulvus are figured by Schiddte, ii., Pl. viii., Fig. 1 and 16. The larva of H. ruficollis (Fig. 1) is linear, very long, somewhat cylindrical, and moniliform, the segments being contracted at apex and base, whitish or whitish yellow with the roughnesses on the corneous parts fuscous ; the head is much narrower than the prothorax, which is large; all the dorsal scuta are furnished with a large longi- tudinal depression on each side, and have their posterior angles produced into a sharp point; in all except the ninth the basal] space between the posterior angles is produced into four short equal obtuse teeth; the whole surface of the dorsal scuta as well as of the anal appendage is granulose ; the anal appendage is very long, slender, and divided at apex into two setose processes ; there are no cerci; the legs are rather long, and are terminated by simple claws; the larva is sluggish, and uses its whole body for locomotion as well as its legs. The larva of H. fulvus differs very much in appearance from the preceding, each scutum being furnished with four large stout spines which are double as long as the segment that bears them, and point downwards towards apex; the anal appendage is as long as or longer than the whole of the abdominal segments, and is divided at the’ apex into two very slender setose processes. The pupa of H. variegatus is figured by Schiddte with the above insects: it is rather short and broad, and furnished with short, stout spines. I. Elytra with rows of feeble punctures. i, Base of thorax without an impressed longitudinal striaoneach side. ...-. .. + « « « H. OBLIQUUS, F&F. ii, Base of thorax with an impressed longitudinal striaoneach side . . - ... . . H.conrinis, Steph. II. Elytra with rows of deep punctures. i. Base of thorax without longitudinal stria on each side. 1. Head broad; thorax not strongly contracted in fron) suum fo) 4s) 2 = ut a) Go oe We MU CRONA DUS, Steph. 152 ADEPHAGA, (Haliplus. 2. Head narrow; thorax strongly contracted in front. A. Anterior margin of thorax truncate in middle; elytra pale yellow without dark spots ; thorax with a distinctly defined row of large punc- tures at base . . H. FLAVICOLLIS, Sturm. B. Anterior margin of thorax slightly ‘produced in middle, sinuate; elytra (as a rule) reddish with dark spots. a. Thorax with a distinctly defined row of large punctures at base; humeral angles not prominent. a*, Form oblong-ovate ; punctuation of an- terior part of thorax distinctly feebler than of base . . H. rutyus, F. b*. Form short oval ; punctuation of anterior part of thorax as strong as of base. . . H. yaRrEGatus, Sturm. b. Thorax without a distinctly defined row of large punctures at base; humeral aeore prominent . H,. cinereus, Aube. ii. Thorax with an impressed longitudinal stria on each side. 1. Thorax without longitudinal black line in centre, its base not channelled. A. Shoulders broader, colour darker, sides of elytra less parallel . . . . - . . H, RuFicoiuis, De G. B. Shoulders narrower, colour lighter ; "sides of elytra more parallel. a. Elytra with dark lines more or less inter- rupted by dark spots . . H. FLUVIATILIS, Aubé. b. Elytra with dark lines never interrupted by dark spots. . H. striatus, Sharp. 2. Thorax with longitudinal black line in centre, its base deeply channelled . . . . . . . . H.ttnegatocoxnis, Marsh. H. obliquus, Er. (amenus, Ol.). Testaceous, somewhat dull, whole upper surface extremely finely and thickly punctured ; back part of head and middle of anterior margin of thorax (usually more or less) black or fuscous; thorax double as broad as long, strongly contracted in front, with rather diffuse and strong punctures in middle and at base ; elytra at base broader than base of thorax, acuminate at apex, with rows of fine punctures which stand on interrupted black lines ; viewed as a whole the base, suture, a broadly waved band across middle, and four spots (two on each elytron, usually confluent) just before apex appear black ; legs testaceous. L.33 mm. Found both in ponds and ditches, and also in running water ; somewhat local, but widely distributed throughout England ; in Scotland it is rare, and only occurs in the Tweed and Forth districts. Ireland, Dublin and Armagh, and probably widely disvributed. H. confinis, Steph. (lineatus, Aubé). Very like the preceding, but distinctly broader at the shoulders, and usually of a dazker reddish colour; it is easily distinguished from that species by the short longi- tudinal stria on each side of base of thorax; thorax entirely testaceous or with anterior and posterior margins more or less narrowly dark ; elytra Haliplus. | ADEPHAGA. 153 very finely punctured with rows of larger but yet fine punctures set in black lines which, especially externally, are in places confluent and form spots: these, however, are not nearly as much pronounced as in the preceding species. L. 3} mm. Local, but widely distributed ; usually found in ponds and ditches ; not uncommon in the London district: Gravesend, Earlswood, Wandsworth, Lee, Esher, Forest Hill; Horning Fen; New Forest; Norfolk ; Suffolk; Knowle, near Birmingham ; Hereford; Weston-super-Mare; Liverpool district; Northumberland district (Gos- forth, Talkin Tarn, &c., not uncommon); Scotland, scarce, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Tay ; Ireland, Armagh, The insect captured by Mr. Bold in ponds near Newcastle-or Tyne, and introduced by him as H. varius, Nicolai, is a variety of this insect (as stated by Mr. Rye, Ent. Ann. 1869, 14): I have not seen these specimens, and Mr. Bold’s description (Ent. Mo. Mag. iv. 284) is very meagre; L believe, however, that the insects in Dr. Power’s and Dr. Sharp’s collections under var. varius are identical with them: these aze pale testaceous with the thorax entirely testaceous; the black elytral lines are finer and are not confluent; they are also more or less evanes- cent towards base and externally, so that the elytra as a whole present the appearance of being furnished with light markings instead of the usual dark ones ; the specimens which I have examined are also narrower than the ordinary form. According to Schaum, the true varius of Nicolai is very like ob/iquus, but always smaller, broader at the shoulders, and more rotundate, with the black lines on the elytra running here and there into spots; the anterior and posterior margins of the thorax are also dark, and the longitudinal strize at base of thorax are sometimes scarcely perceptible: as there is still some doubt about the insect we consider as a variety of conjinis, which seems distinct from the true H. varius, it is better perhaps to adopt a different name for it than v. varius, which may cause confusion; I would therefore propose to call it v. pallens. The specimens in Dr Power’s collection are Scotch, two of them being f.om Loch Leven. H. mucronatus, Steph. (badius, Aubé, parallelus, Babingtcn). Elongate, somewhat convex, more parallel-sided than the allied species ; colour reddish testaceous ; head short and broad, eyes large and pro- minerit ; thorax usually a little darker on anterior margins, where it is slightly produced in the centre, not strongly contracted in front, strongly punctured except on disc, but more strongly in front than behind ; elytra with rows of strong punctures, interstices with rows of fine punctures, sides subparallel until behind middle, strongly acuminate at apex. L, 4-4} mm. Rare ; in ponds, &e., both fresh and brackish ; not recorded from the London district. Weston-super-Mare (locally plentiful in early summer, but soon disappears) ; Swansea, Crymlyn Bog ; Bvvton-on-Trent (very rare); Wicken Fen; Soham, Cambridge ; Holm Bush, Brighton; Suffolk ; Hornsea. H. flavicollis, Sturm (impressus, F.). This species and the suc- 154 ADEPHAGA, [Haliplus. ceeding are at once distinguished from H. mucronatus by having the sides of the thorax strongly contracted in front and the elytra much less parallel-sided, and also by the much smaller and narrower head ; from the other species with strongly punctured elytra these may be separated by their superior size. H. jflavicollis is of a lighter colour than either H. mucronatus or fulvus, and may be separated from the latter by its broader shoulders, and light testaceous unspotted elytra; the thorax also is less produced in the centre of its anterior margin and the thoracic punctures are blacker, but these distinctions are not very obvious. L. 4 mm. Ponds and ditches ; somewhat local, but widely distributed throughout England and Wales; not uncommon in the Northumberland district, but very local in Scotland, and apparently only found in the Solway district, where it is recorded as abundant in some pools by the side of the Nith below Thornhill. Ireland, near Belfast. H. fulvus, F. (ferrugineus, Gyll.). Very like the preceding, but of a dark ferruginous colour, with darker spots on the elytra (which are very rarely absent) ; the shoulders are narrower than in H. flavicollis, which species hardly ever presents traces of spots on the elytra; the thorax has the anterior margin slightly produced in the middle. L. 4 mm. Ponds and ditches ; common and widely distributed throughout England and Wales, although rather local in some districts ; Scotland, not common, Lowlands, but some- what widely distributed as far north as the Moray district. Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin, and probably common. H. variegatus, Sturm. Ferruginous, ovate; thorax with anterior margin more or less dark, somewhat strongly contracted in front, strongly punctured in front and behind, with a distinct row of large punctures at base ; elytra convex, with base scarcely broader than base of thorax, sides of thorax and elytra viewed sideways forming a very open obtuse angle ; the dark markings on the elytra are, as a rule, much more marked and more widely spread than in the other species, and the rows of large punctures are very strong, the interstices being fur- nished with rows of rather large punctures set at some distance apart. L. 34 mm. Ditches, &c., both near the coast and inland; local; Wandsworth ; Notting Hill; Deal; Hastings; Sheerness; Strood and Rainham; River Coln; Wicken and Burwell Fens and other localities in the fen districts of Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Norfolk ; New Forest; Hornsea ; Northumberland district, very rare; very doubtful as Scottish, there being only one record, “ Dollar, J.T. Syme,’ Murray’s Cat.; Ireland, one specimen, which I received from Mr. C. Donovan, taken near Cork; I can find no other record of the species as Irish, but it will probably be found in other places. H. cinereus, Aubé (affnis, W. C.). This species is in general appearance intermediate between H. flavicollis and H. rujicollis: from the former it differs through its smaller size and more irregular punctua- tion of thorax, and also by the cloudy markings on the elytra, which, however, are sometimes absent in light specimens; the punctures also Haliplus. | ADEPHAGA. 155 on the elytra are closer, smaller, and more frequent in each stria ; from H. ruficollis it differs by the absence of striz at the base of the thorax, and by having the apex of the elytra more rounded than in that species ; from H. variegatus it may be at once separated by its lighter colour and less pronounced dark markings, the less coarse sculpture of the elytra, and the much more prominent shoulders, the angle formed by the sides of the elytra and thorax viewed sideways being much more pronounced ; the first punctures (at base) of the first five rows on the elytra are as a rule much stronger than the others. L. 34mm. Ponds and ditches; not common; Lee, Earlswood, Peckham, Tottenham, Esher ; Kingsbury ; Soham, Cambridge ; Swaffham ; Knowle, near Birmingham ; Eggington and Repton, near Burton-on-Trent; Weston-super-Mare ; Askham, York ; Northum- berland district, not common (Ouseburn, Heaton, Gosforth, &e.) ; Ireland, near Belfast; not recorded from Scotland. H. ruficollis, De G. Ovate, ferruginous; head with base dark, diffusely punctured ; thorax with anterior margin more or less dark, short, strongly contracted in front, rather diffusely punctured, more strongly at base, centre of disc smooth with a trace of a central furrow usually indicated ; base with a plain longitudinal stria on each side ; elytra at base broader than base of thorax, with the shoulders widened, strongly contracted to apex, with rows of rather strong striz set in black lines which in places are confluent and form dark spots. L. 2 mm. Ponds and ditches; occasionally in running streams; abundant throughout the kingdom ; not recorded, however, as yet, from the extreme north of Scotland. H. fluviatilis, Aubé. This species comes near H. ruficollis but is lighter in colour, and the lines of the elytra although stronger in places and apparently forming spots are never confluent ; it is also much narrower at the shoulders, and the elytra are less acuminate at apex, so that it appears more parallel-sided: these differences are rather hard to explain, but will at once be seen by comparing the two species. L. 2$ mm. Running streams, and not found in stagnant water like the preceding; usually considered common, but it is very often confounded with ruficollis in collections : London district, apparently rare, Wimbledon, Mickleham, Esher ; widely distributed, but in all probability much less common than it is supposed to be in many districts ; Scotland, very rare, in clear slowly moving water, Forth district (Muttonhole, Edin- burgh, D. S.); Ireland, Armagh. H. striatus, Sharp. “Equal in size to the small varieties of H. ruficollis, which it resembles in colour, but from which it may be distinguished by being much narrower at the shoulders, and by the black lines on the elytra showing no tendency to being dilated at any places into spots ; also closely allied to H. fluviatilis, but to be distin- guished from that species by its smaller size and darker colour, and by the black lines on the elytra being throughout of even width, whereas in fluviatilis these lines are sub-interrupted at places” (E. M. M. vi. 81). L. 22 mm. Found by Dr. Sharp in great numbers in a pond on the banks of the Nith, about 156 ADEPHAGA. [Haliplus. three miles from Dumfries, which is occasionally filled by the tides, in company with H. ruficollis, and also by Dr. Sharp and Mr. Lennon in other localities near that town. These three insects are in all probability races of one species: the extreme forms of H. fluviatilis and H. rujicollis are very easy to distin- guish, but, as Dr. Sharp (1. c. p. 81) and Mr. Rye (Ent. Ann. 1870, 44) admit, intermediate forms occur which it is impossible to assign to either ; the latter states that he found H. fluviatilis and ruficollis in great numbers in a running stream near Coombe Wo.d, accompanied by specimens which he could not refer to either, and also by other extra- ordinary vars. of the ruficollis type ; the conclusion he arrived at was that the intermediate forms resulted from interbreeding between the ex- treme forms. H. striatus would appear to be a constant variety, of the intermediate type. H. lineatocollis, Marsh. Resembling in shape H. fluviatilis, but not so much pointed behind ; at once distinguished by the dark longi- tudinal line in the centre of the thorax, and the horizonta! depression at base ; the elytra are rather narrow, subparallel, with sculpture and markings much as in the preceding species. L. 2$ mm. Ponds and ditches ; also in clear water ; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom, as far north as the Moray district of Scotland. CNEMIDOTUWS, Illiger. (Peltodytes, Reg.) This genus contains a few species, two of which are found in Europe ; the rest occur chiefly in North America: its members are easily distin- guished from Haliplus by the longer terminal joint of the palpi, and stand in much the same relation to that genus as Trechus to Bembidium. The larva of C. impressus is figured by Schiddte, vi., Pl. viii., Fig. 1: itis perhaps the most extraordinary of all the Coleopterous larvee, and is remarkable for the absence of spiracles, their place being taken by very long tilamentous branchie# which are jointed aud are attached in pairs to the dorsal segments of the thorax and of the abdomen (except the ninth) ; they are not, however, inserted directly on the segment but on long spinous processes such as are found in the larva of H. fulvus; the anal appendage is obsolete ; the ninth segment of the abdomen bears two very long jointed ¢_rci, which equal in length the whole abdomen; the head is very small, appearing as a mere transverse strip, and the legs are long and furnished with simple claws ; the colour is dull and pale with the head and dorsal scuta somewhat olivaceous ; there are twenty- two pairs of branchim, each branchia being as long as half the whole body of the larva; they are pellucid towards apex, and the trachew mej be easily traced in them under a high power. If anything were needed to prove the distinctness of the Haliplide, the study of their larvae would certainly be sufficient with-ut taking any other points into consideration. Cc. impressus, F. (cwsus, Duft.). Reddish testaceous, elytra with a greyish tinge ; head diffusely punctured, mouth and base dark ; thorax punctured in front and at sides, dise smooth, base with a rather deep furrow which follows the course of the posterior margin, which is sinuous, and is furnished with a more or less regular row of large black punctures ; on each side of base there is a small stria or depression set in a black Cnemidotus. | ADEPHAGA. 157 patch ; elytra depressed on disc, with ten rows of large black punctures on each which become larger towards base, those at base being especially conspicuous ; on the centre of the disc is a more or less distinct dark patch, and there are other indistinct dark markings towards apex. L. 33-4 mm. Ponds, &e.; local; Peckham, Putney, Lee, Gravesend; Whitstable; Deal; Hun- stanton; Birchington ; Devonshire (Exminster) ; has occurred, I believe, in York- shire ; not recorded from the Northumberland district. Scotland, very rare, Clyde district (‘‘ Ayrshire,” Hislop). Between the Haliplide and the Dytiscidee come the two families Amphizoide and Pelobiide, which contain only two or three species each, but are so isolated that they cannot be attached to any other family. AMPHIZOIDZ. There has been considerable doubt among authors as to the position of this family, which comprises the single genus Amphizoa, containing three species from North America, of heteromerous appearance, and about 12mm. long. These insects in many respects resemble the Parnide, being equally poor as swimmers, and being found like them clinging to logs or stones beneath the surface of the water. Leconte, the original describer of Amphizoa, considered it a type of a family distinct both from the Carabidze and the Dytiscide ; Lacordaire classified it among the Dyti- scide, while other authors have described it as a heteromeroid form of Carabide. Dr. Sharp (Trans. Royal Dubl. Soc. vol. ii. ser. 2, p. 847) discusses the question at length, and while allowing that, strictly speak- ing, Amphizoa is neither a Dytiscid nor a Carabid, yet he comes to the conclusion that it must be classed with the Dytiscide ; to this conclusion he is in a great measure led by the fact that in Amphizoa the meta- thoracic episterna reach the middle coxal cavity, which is therefore enclosed by fory pieces instead of three, a peculiarity that until recently has been found in no other beetles except this genus and the Dytiscide : Dr. Horn, however, has since discovered that this character also exists in the strange genus Mormolyce (Carabide, p. 101), and in consequence Dr. Sharp (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1882, parti. p.67) has modified his views and treats it ‘‘as an aggregate (not as a family) occupying an in- termediate position between the Carabide and Dytiscide, but a member of neither.” Dr. Horn believes that it is far less a Dytiscid than a Cara- bid. On the whole, Amphizoa, to whichever side it may most incline, is a decided link between the old Geodephaga and Hydradephaga, and makes it the more impossible to disconnect them: it may perhaps be noticed in conclusion that another point of transition in Amphizoa is found in the more or less distinctly punctate basal joints of the antenne. It may seem out of place to discuss this question in a book bearing especially on British Entomology, but it is impossible to avoid all allu- 158 ADEPHAGA. [Amphizoide. sion to exotic groups, and the question of the position of Amphizoa is especially interesting as bearing upon the position of Pelobius, with which in some points it is rather closely allied. PELOBIIDZ. In this family the metasternal episterna do not reach the middle coxal cavity, and in this, as well as in its habits and swimming powers, it differs from the Amphizoide ; it resembles the members of the latter family, however, in the fact that the metasternum has a very short and small ante-coxal piece in front of the posterior cox, separated by a distinct suture, and not produced between the coxe: in the Carabide and the Haliplidz this ante-coxal piece is large, and is extended triangularly between the posterior coxee, and the well-marked suture reaches across the body to the episterna ; the Dytiscidee have no trace of an ante-coxal piece, and have the metasternum, which is short, pointed between the coxe ; the Pelobiide, therefore, differ from them in this respect, and further in having the extension of the hind cox, so characteristic of the Dyti- scidz, short and transverse, instead of broad and extending forwards as in the latter family ; the head also is free and not sunk in the prothorax, and the formations of the mentum and mouth parts generally present consider- able points of difference ; moreover, the general contour and appearance is exceedingly unlike that of the Dytiscide, and althongh this perhaps is not of much weight, yet in a family where the general resemblance is, with one or two exceptions, very striking, it may be allowed a little more consideration than in ordinary cases. In his work on the Dytiscide (1. c. p. 258), Dr. Sharp classes the Pelobiide with the Dytisci Fragmen- tati, but in his paper on the classification of the Adephaga referred to above (1. c. p. 67) he considers that Dr. Horn is justified in isolating them. PELOBIWS, Schonherr. (Hygrobia, Latr. Hydrachna, Fabr.) This genus comprises only three species, one of them European, and the others Australian; our species stridulates very loudly, and has earned in some parts of the country the name of “ Screech-beetle.” The larva of P. tardus is figured by Schiédte, vi., Pl. v. 1 and 3, and vi. 1: it is broadest about middle and convex, of a yellow or luteous colour with darker markings on the head and dorsal scuta; the head is rather broad almost semi-circular, the prothorax very large, trapezoidal, somewhat transverse, the meso- and meta-thorax narrow ; the scuta cover the whole upper surface of the segments; the abdominal segments are eight, the last being conical and bearing two long setose cerci ; these and the anal appendage are about equal in length, and are each as long as all the abdominal segments together ; the legs are long with double claws of about equal length: a figure of the larva viewed sideways is given by Schiddte (vi. 1); in this position it very much resembles a crustacean; the larva is furnished with branchiw or gills on its under surface ; it lives in water and is very predaceous. P. tardus, Herbst. (Hermanni, F.). Oval, very convex, ferrugi- Pelobius. | ADEPHAGA. 159 nous, dull; head finely punctured, free, with a black patch on either side touching eyes, which are large and prominent ; thorax very narrow, anterior and posterior margins “broadly black, finely rugose at sides, middle of disc finely punctured, anterior margin with a thick fringe of whitish hairs, anterior angles somewhat prominent ; elytra with a very large common black spot covering the greater part except margins and base, rugosely punctured, with traces of large strie; anterior tibie armed with two long parallel spurs; male with anterior and intermediate tibiz dilated, and clothed underneath with thick pubescence; breast black, abdomen ferruginous except the two penultimate segments and part of the last which are black. L, 83-10 mm. Ponds and ditches ; local, but common in some districts ; it is widely distributed and common in the London district, and has been recorded as plentiful in autumn at times in stagnant waters near Swansea, but it is a southern insect, and the northern records are few and doubtful; it has occurred once at Repton, is doubtful as a York- shire species, and the one record from Northumberland, “ once near Newcastle, by Mr. Hewitson,” is especially commented on by Mr. Bold as probably erroneous, as it has never since been met with: it has not been taken in Scotland. DYTISCIDA. The following are the chief characteristics of this family :—Antenne eleven-jointed, glabrous and shining, entirely destitute of sete or pubescence, inserted very close to the eye, and quite close to the upper portion of the base of the mandible ; maxilla with two lobes, the inner curved at extremity and acuminate, the outer palpiform, divided into two pieces by a transverse suture (in Amphizoa it is entire); hind cox very large, soldered with ,and appearing part of the metasternum, reach- ing the margin of the elytra when closed; posterior legs modified for swimming by the tibie and tarsi being furnished with swimming hairs, and being broadened and flattened ; posterior tarsi always five-jointed ; the anterior and middle ones either four- or five-jointed ; according to Dr. Sharp the family contains about twelve hundred species, which we may divide into two series as follows :— Metathoracic episternum not reaching the middle coxal CAVILYie laud ie . DyTIscI FRAGMENTATI. Metathoracie episternam "yeaching the middle coxal cavity.) Gah ss sr eN vette ts - . . . « DYTISCI COMPLICATI. DYTISCI FRAGMENTATI. Metathoracic episterna widely separated from the middle cox; hind coxe extending furthest forward in middle of body (longitudinally). . . . NOovERINA, Metathoracic episterna nearly reaching ‘the middle Coxe 3 5 hind coxe extending furthest forward towards sides . LACCOPHILINA. NOTERINA. Of this tribe we only possess the single genus Noterus, which is dis- tinguished by its convex shape, more or less incrassate antenne, and sub- acuminate apex of elytra. 160 ADEPHAGA. [Noterus. NOTERWS, Clairville. Tnis genus comprises six species, which are found in the European region and in Japan; they live in stagnant water: the males are distin- guished from the females by having the fifth joint of the antenne dilated, and also by having the first joint of the anterior tarsi much enlarged. The larva of Noterus “ crassicornis ” is described and figured by Westwood (Classi- fication, i., p. 102,—p. 100, Fig. 6, 5): it is brown with two ochreous bands across the back, and is about 6 mm. long; the shape is elongate oval, attenuated towards the posterior extremity ; the head is produced into a long slender beak, longer than the rest of the head, the jaws meeting together at its tip; the terminal segment is furnished with two moderately long cerci, and is produced between them into a long sharp point; it is evidently highly predaceous. 1. Size smaller; prosternum not keeled in front; male with fifth joint of antenne much larger than sixth . . N.cLAVIcORNIS, De G. 2. Size larger; prosternum keeled in front; male with fifth and sixth joints of antennz of about equal size . . N. sparsus, Marsh. N. clavicornis, De G. (crassicornis, Mill.; capricornis, Herbst., teste Bedel and Schaum). Oval, rather convex, somewhat shining, castaneous ; head and thorax lighter, as a rule, than elytra; elytra with large coarse punctures arranged in irregular rows towards apex, but ceasing towards base. Male with the antenne thickened, irregular, fifth and sixth joints largest, the fifth double as long as the sixth, which is transyerse ; underside of head and thorax spotted with black. Female with the antenne not irregular, underside unicolorous. Long. 4, lat. 24 mm. Local ; rare in the London district, Battersea and West Ham (Power) ; Wicken and Horning Fens; Devoushire; Swansea; common in the Midlands (Repton, &c.) ; Askham Bog, York ; apparently not found further north than Yorkshire; Ireland, Armagh, and near Belfast ; not recorded from Scotland; on the Continent it ranges from Norway and Sweden to Portugal, but is not common. N. sparsus, Marsh (semipunctatus, F.; crassicornis, Sturm; capri- cornis, Herbst., teste Sharp; clavicornis, De G., teste Bedel). Larger than the preceding, but closely resembling it; dise of thorax often darker than sides ; elytra with irregular coarse punctures towards apex, which cease towards base; male with the antenne thickened, irregular, fifth and sixth joints of about equal size, neither being transverse ; underside of head and thorax broadly dark. Long. 43, lat. 2} mm. Commoner than the preceding in many places, but rarer in the Midlands ; abundant in the London district, and common in the south in places; also occurs in the Swansea district. I have never found it in Derbyshire or Lincolnshire, and can find no record further north, nor is it recorded from Scotland; according to my own experience the preceding species is far more abundant ; on the Continent this species is much the commonest. LACCOPHILINA. This tribe contains two genera, Notomicrus represented by one species from Madagascar, and Laeccophilus which comprises upwards of a hundred Laccophilina. | ADEPIIAGA. 161 species widely distributed over the world; they are found both in stag- nant and running water. The larva of Laccophilus minutus is figured by Schiddte (vi., Pl. vii., Fig. 6): it is elongate, somewhat ovate, much narrowed behind, convex ; the colour is pale with the head and dorsal seuta yellowish grey with darker spots; the head is oval and joined to the thorax by a distinct neck; the prothorax is trapezoidal, narrowed in iront, and transverse, the meso- and meta-thorax are very short; the eighth seg- ment of the abdomen is much produced, and bears two long ciliated cerci ending in long sete ; the legs are very long, and are terminated by equal claws. LACCOPHILUS, Leach.* The species belonging to this genus are easily distinguished from the Noterina by their more oval and depressed shape, and also by having tha prosternal process acute behind, whereas in Woferus it is rounded: the males have the anterior and intermediate tarsi dilated, and, in many cases, both sexes have an organ of stridulation on the surface of the posterior cox, consisting of fine parallel striz. I. Colour testaceous or greenish testaceous; prosternal process short ; size larger. i, Base of thorax not or very obtusely advanced in centre ; posterior coxe provided with a stridulatory organ in bothsexes .... .. . .. . . UL, INTERRUPTUS, Panz. ii. Base of thorax advanced in a sharp angle towards suture of elytra; posterior coxe without a stridu- SALONGONSANS et st ee os se se) Uo. OBSCURUN, Pans, II. Colour pitch-brown; prosternal process long; size smaller; posterior coxe without a stridulatory organ . L. VaRtEGatus, Germ. L. interruptus, Panz., (minutus, Ev., Fab.; hyalinus, De Geer, Bedel, &e.). Oval, shining, almost smooth ; colour testaceous, head and thorax generally lighter than elytra, which are usually more or less clouded with a darker shade, and are flecked at sides and on dise with variable light markings; when the colour of the elytra is very light, these are less evident ; the thorax is scarcely produced in the centre of base, and is very narrow; elytra broadest about middle, with apex rounded ; male with the front and middle tarsi only slightly incrassate ; both sexes with a stridulating file on posterio coxa. Long. 43, lat. 23 mm. Ponds, &e. ; widely distributed and not uncommon, but local in some districts ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Solway. L.. obscurus, Panz. (hyalinus, Munich Cat. et auct.). Smaller than the preceding, which it much resembles ; it is, too, rather more glassy in appearance, with a very slight greenish tinge, and with the lighter spots on elytra less marked, as a rule, but in this it is variable; it may be at once distinguished by its narrower form, more acute angle at the base of the thorax in the middle, the thicker male tarsi, and the absence of a coxal file. Long. 4, lat. 22 mm. * More than 100 species of this genus are known, chiefly from the warmer regions of both the Old and New Worlds. M 162 ADEPHAGA. [ Laccophilus. Ponds, &e. ; widely distributed; in the London district commoner than the pre- ceding. Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Solway, Clyde. There is such confusion with regard to the synonomy of the two last species that without examining the specimens from each district it is impossible to be certain of their distribution: one species only is recorded from the Northumberland district, and one from Ireland, but I cannot say which in either case, as the names minutus and hyalinus have been applied to both species by different authors. Both species extend as far north as Lapland. L. variegatus, Germ. Smaller and narrower than the preceding; head testaceous ; thorax testaceous with anterior and posterior margins dark ; elytra pitch-brown, almost black, with margins and a waved fascia at base and another behind middle, interrupted at suture, testaceous ; these are rather variable, and in some cases are hardly perceptible; in the male the anterior and middle tarsi are considerably incrassate, and the last ventral segment is much produced in the middle ; in this latter point, however, there is not much difference in this species between the male and female ; the prosternal process is long and reaches beyond the intermediate cox; in neither sex is there a coxal file. Long. 4, lat. 2$ mm. Local; apparently confined to the south-eastern parts of England; Dover, Pe- vensey, Deal, Pegwell Ray, Arundel, &e. ; it is a rare species on the Continent, and does not extend further north than the south of England. DYTISCI COMPLICATI. The great bulk of the species of the family belong to this series: they are distinguished by the fact that the middle coxal cavity, as explained above, is enclosed by four distinct pieces, as the episterna of the meta- thorax take part in the articulation. As Dr. Horn remarks (Classif. Col. North America, p. 64), ‘‘they are to be regarded as the highest Dytiscid type, in which not only the maximum size and force is exhibited, but also the most perfect development of the oar-like legs.” The series may be divided into the following tribes, to which, however, Dr. Sharp, whose arrangement is followed, assigns very varying values. I. Prosternum deflected between the anterior coxe so that the prosternal process is placed on quite a different plane from that of the prosternum ; front tarsi usually four-jointed (in all our species this is the case) . . . « « « « « « « HYDROPORINA. Il. Prosternum not deflected between the anterior coxx ; front tarsi distinctly five-jointed. i. Hind margins of joints of posterior tarsi not set with flattened and adpressed cilia. 1. Front tarsi of male with dilated joints oblong; stigmata of last two dorsal segments of abdomen not, or but little broader than the preceding ; outline of eye notched by the free margin of the front of head. . . COLYMBETINA. 2. Front tarsi of male with dilated joints forming a round disc; stigmata of the last two segments of abdomen enlarged ; circular outline of eye not interrupted . . Dyrecrna. Dytiset complicati.} ADEPHAGA. 163 ii. Hind margins of joints of posterior tarsi set with flat- tened and adpressed cilia externally ; front tarsi of male with dilated joints forming a round disc. 1. Suture between episternum of metathorax and wing of metasternum rectilinear ; ae of hind tibiz acu- minate atapex . . . TH YDATICINA. 2. Episternal suture curvilinear ; spurs ‘of hind tibiae emarginateat apex . . .... =... . . . THERMONECTINA. HYDROPORINA. This is by far the most extensive of the tribes of the Dytiscide ; it contains about five hundred species, arranged in twenty-six genera ; it is specially defined by the structure of the prosternum, which is strongly deflected between the anterior cox ; they are easily known by the third joint of the front and middle tarsi being deeply lobed and concealing the fourth joint, which, however, is usually absent or rudimentary ; the true fifth joint (apparently the fourth) is long and slender, and is furnished with claws which are somewhat variable. Members of the tribe are found in all parts of the world, except in some of the Pacific Islands. Our genera may be divided as follows :— I. Posterior coxal cavities widely renncatet excised ; apical angle of elytra mucronate . . Hyprovatvs, Mots. II. Posterior coxal cavities not excised ; apical ‘angle of elytra not mucronate. i. First ventral segment soldered to border of posterior cox, which are not contiguous . . .. . . . . BrIDESSsuUS, Sharp. ii. First ventral segment free. 1. Posterior coxal cavities peEnrates ; Ee tarsal claws very unequal. . . . Hypuypevs, Jil. 2. Posterior coxal cavities nearly or ‘quite contiguous ; ; posterior tarsal claws equal. A. Elytral ligula distinct ; mesosternal fork not con- nected with the intercoxal process of metasternum C@LAMBUS, Thome. B. Elytral ligula wanting. a. Mesosternal fork not connected with the inter- coxal process of metasternum . . DuronectEs, Sharp. b. Mesosternal fork connected with the intercoxal process of metasternum. . . . . . . . . Hyproporvs, Clairv. The elytral ligula is a tongue-like process on the inner face of the side margin of the elytra, for the purpose of making the union between the elytra and the ventral segments more perfect. In those genera mentioned above, Celambus and Deronectes, in which the mesosternal fork is not connected with the intercoxal process of the mesosternum, the character may be observed by the removal of the thorax, in which case it will be seen that the middle coxe touch one another ; in the genus Hydroporus proper, in which the connection takes place, they do not touch one another ; this is also the case obscurely with the genus Hyphydrus, but not with Bidessus. As many of the points of difference given above, although scientifically correct, are rather hard. to work with, it is best for students who are M 2 164 ADEPHAGA, [Aydroporina. beginning to work the British species to treat the genus Hydroporus as a whole, as including (according to the old arrangement) Bidessus, Celambus, Deronectes, and Hydroporus, and to work them from the specific descriptions ; [y/rovatus is easily separated by its round shape and the pointed apical angle of elytra, and Hyphydrus by its very ovate, thick form, and the unequal claws of the posterior tarsi: the Hydroporina as a whole may be known (as: far as our fauna is concerned) from the rest of the Dytisci complicati by their small size, four-jointed front tarsi, and invisible, or almost invisible, scutellum. HYDROVATUS, Motschulsky. (O.xynoptilus, Kies. pars.) This genus comprises about forty species from various parts of the world ; three only occur in Europe, of which we possess one, which has only, as far as I know, occurred at Portsmouth ; in certain species the males have several joints of the antenne irregularly dilated, and in others they are furnished with a stridulatory organ at the junction of the posterior coxze and metasternum. H. .clypealis, Sharp. Very short, ovate, almost round, dark ferru- ginous, with the head and thorax lighter, sometimes entirely light terruginous ; head and thorax almost smooth, elytra somewhat coarsely and diffusely punctured with apex pointed; antennz short, joints 4-10 differing but little from one another, in the male transverse, in the female about as long as broad. In the male the basal joints of the front and middle tarsi are much dilated. Lhe female is alutaceous and dull, the male shining. Long. 24-22, lat. 1} mm. Portsmouth, in a pond on the north side of the Island of Portsea, taken abundantly by Mr. Moncreaff. This insect was at first referred to O. cuspidatus, Kunze, by Mr. Crotch, but it is rather smaller, and is distinguished by its antennal characters, the less distinct punctuation of the upper surface, and the much less closely and regularly punctured coxz. BIDESSUS, Sharp. In this genus the prosternal process is larger than broad, parallel- sided, but with a more or less acute extremity ; the middle coxe touch one another; the posterior tibia have the basal portion much more slender than the apical one; the number of species is about eighty, which are found in most parts of the world; they are all very small (from 2 to 3 mm. long); three only are found in Great Britain, which may be distinguished from the other members of the old genus Hydro- porus by having a plainly impressed stria on each side of thorax which is distinctly continued on the base of the elytra. I. Sutural stria effaced behind middle, or entirely wanting. i. Elytra rather convex, black or pitch-brown, at most with a few reddish spots on outer margin . . . . B,UNistrtatus, Ser, Bidessus.] ADEPHAGA, 165 ii. Elytra rather flat with well-marked chee and black bands . . . . B. MrinuTissimus, Germ, II. Sutural stria prolonged to apex of ely tra; cyte tra dark with a broad waved band towards base. . . . . B. GEmINus, F. B. unistriatus, Schr. (parvulus, Panz., bisulcatus, Steph.). Oval, pitchy, fuscous, or rufescent, thorax rufescent with anterior and posterior margins dark, very finely and thickly punctured, with a strong stria on each side of base which is continued on elytra ; elytra thickly punctured ; antennz fuscous, base lighter; legs ferruginous. The male has the front and pari tarsi distinctly dilated ; fess are two forms of the female, one dull, the other shining like ‘the male; the colour is very variable, sometimes being entirely obscure red with suture darker, some- times nearly black with margins of elytra and an obscure interrupted fascia at base pale ; the thorax, however, appears to be always more or less red. Long. 2, lat. 1 mm. Very rare. Cambeiiee (Brewer); Southsea (Moncreaff) ; Devonshire (Gesnhieas); : Norfolk (Crotch) ; occasionally near London (Hamlet Clark) ; Suffolk (W. Garneys ; one specimen in winter with snow on the ground): it appears usually to occur singly. B. minutissimus, Germ. (trifasciatus, Wollast.). The smallest of the British Dytiscidze ; elongate oval, rather depressed ; head reddish with base darker, antennze with fuscous apex ; thorax narrow, testaceous, with a strong stria on each side at base which is continued on elytra to middle ; elytra parallel-sided, testaceous, with suture and three transverse bands dark, very finely punctured; legs testaceous. Long. 13, lat. 1 mn. Originally reputed as British on the authority of specimens said to be taken by Mr. Clear in rivers near Cork, and described by Mr. Wollaston ; these, however, appeared afterwards to have had a continental origin ; Mr. and Mrs. Wollaston sub- sequently discovered the species among the small submerged shingle at the edge of Slapton Ley, about seven miles to the westward of Dartmouth, Devonshire, in shallow clear water, about the year 1868: it has been taken in the same locality within the last three or four years by Mr. Bridgman, of Burton-on-Trent, but has not, I believe, occurred elsewhere in Great Britain. B. geminus, F. Oval, not very shining, rather flat, finely pubes- cent; head brownish, antennse testaceous, apex fuscous ; thorax reddish on dise with anterior and posterior margins darker, with a stria on each side of base, which is only continued on elytra for about the same distance as on thorax ; elytra very finely punctured, dark, with apex and a broad irregular band nee base yellow ; legs testaceous, posterior tibiz fuscous at apex. Long. 24, lat. e mm. Pends and ditches ; not uncommon in the London district, Woking, Wimbledon, Lee, Earlswood, &c.; common in shallow muddy water in the fen districts (Wicken and Burwell Fens, &c.); rarer further north; said to have occurred in Yorkshire ; Northumberland district, Gosforth, very rare ; not recorded from Scotland; Ireland, near Belfast. HYPHYPRWS, lIlliger. This genus comprises at present about twenty-five species, all from 166 ADEPHAGA. [Wyphydrus. the Old World (Africa, especially Madagascar, Japan, Australia, &c.) ; but probably this number will be largely increased ; two only are Euro- pean, one of which is very common in the centre and south of England ; the second species, H. variegatus, has been reputed as indigenons, but the single specimen on which it rested (supposed to have been taken in Lancashire or Cheshire) was far too doubtful to secure its admittance into our lists, especially as the species appears to be almost entirely confined to Northern Africa and Southern Europe. The larva of H. ovatus'is figured by Schiddte (ii., Pl. v., Fig. 1) : it corresponds so closely with Westwood’s description of the larva of Noterus referred to above (p. 160), that it is possible that some mistake may have arisen ; the very peculiar shape of the headis exactly repeated ; the larva (excluding the head) has the shape of a rather elongate peg-top ; the eighth segment is produced into a long point, and bears two moderately long setose cerci, which start from its base; it is of a luteous colour with somewhat varied dark markings: as a rule the dorsal segments are dark fuscous with the prothorax (except front), and the two first and two last segments of abdomen light. H. ovatus, L. (fervugineus, L., ¢). Broad oval, very convex on both the upper and under sides, ferruginous, with the elytra darker, reddish at base and sides; male with the upper side shining, thickly, strongly, and irregularly punctured, with anterior and intermediate pairs of legs thickened and the tarsi dilated; female dull, obsoletely punctate. Long. 44, lat. 3 mm. Ponds and ditches ; very common throughout the central and southern counties of England and Wales; less common further north, although widely distributed ; Scotland, very local, only recorded from the Solway district ; Ireland, Portmarnock, Armagh, &c., and probably common. The variegatus ? of Steph. Mand. ii. 45 isa variety of this insect, and has nothing to do with H. variegatus, Aube. CG@LAMBUWS, Thomson. (Hygrotus, Steph. pars.) This genus comprises about forty species, which are chiefly found in Europe, Asia, and North America; they differ very widely in form and general appearance, one division of our species being of very short and convex form, and the other being much longer, wider, and more depressed and apparently quite different: it is probable that one of the species, H. decoratus, will have to be separated off as a distinct genus, for it possesses, although obscurely, the chief character of Wydroporus, viz. the connection of the intercoxal process of the metasternum with the mesosternal fork ; for the present, however, it is best to leave it with the seemingly allied species ; the chief generic character appears to be the free and abrupt ligula on the inner face of the elytra. The larva and pupa of C. parallelogrammus are figured by Schiodte (ii., Pl. iv., Fig. 18, 14): it is of a very peculiar torpedo-like form, being broad and convex with the head very large and triangular and produced into a broad horn; the thorax is about as broad as the base of the head, subquadrate, somewhat transverse with the angles rounded; the meso- and meta-thorax and the first five abdominal segments are of about equal length, all being very narrow, the second abdominal segment being the Calambus. | ADEPHAGA. 167 broadest part of the body; the sixth abdominal segment is much longer than the fifth, and with the seventh and eighth becomes much narrower behind, the last tapering off into an abrupt blunt point; the cerci are long, and bear long set at base and apex; the legs are slender and rather long, and end in equal claws; the colour is pale with the head and seuta luteous, with a few small dark spots on head and segments: the pupa is short and broad, and is chiefly remarkable for being covered with thick and strong sete. The description of this larva will serve for that of a Deronectes or a typical Hydroporus: the larve of D. depressus, H. halensis, and H. palustris differ very slightly from it, the differences being chiefly found in colour, pubescence, length of cerci, and one or two other points. I. Labrum much concealed, head rounded in front, front with a more or less dis- tinct raised margin; form very short and convex. i. Head with two strong broad impressions, leaving a ridge in centre; length 3mm. 1. Punctuation of elytra double, con- sisting of large and small punc- tures. A. Largerpunctures more scattered C. VERSICOLOR, Schall. (reticulatus, F.). B. Larger punctures closer together C. QUINQUELINEATUS, Zett. 2. Punctuation of elytra uniform, deep ARS Ge 6 loo Been ii. Head with at most a narrow impression near eye; length2mm.. ... . II. Labrum little concealed or quite con- spicuous; head emarginate in middle of front, front not margined. i. Short oval; elytra with apical angle plainly produced into a short sharp point C, CONFLUENS, F. ii. Long oval; elytra with apical angle not produced. 1. Thorax with a dark spot on disc. A. Punctuation very fine; thorax uniformly punctured ; none of the dark markings reaching base of elytra . . . . . . . . . CO. NOVEMLINEATUS, Steph. B. Punctuation coarser ; thorax im- punctate on centre of disc; some of the dark markings always reaching base of elytra. . . . C.PARALLELOGRAMMUS, dhr. 2. Thorax without dark spot on disc ; punctuation very coarse . C, IMPRESSOPUNOCTATUS, Schall. (picipes, F.). In some of the members of this genus the females are very markedly dimorphic, i.e. present two different forms, in the one case being shiny like the male, in the other dull and opaque ; this is to a greater or less extent a characteristic of the whole of the Dytisci complicati, and will be again referred to under the genus Dytiscus, in which the females attain the greatest amount of sexual difference from the males. C. INzQUALIS, F. C. DECORATUS, Gyll. C. versicolor, Schall. (reticulatus, F.). Short oval, convex, rather shiny, smooth ; head and thorax thickly and finely punctured, ferru- ginous ; elytra at base broader than base of thorax, very thickly and 168 ADEPHAGA. [Calambus. finely punctured with scattered large punctures, reddish testaceous with irregular and much interrupted longitudinal black bands, which are very variable in extent ; there appear to be no external sexual distine- tions. L. 34, lat. 2 mm. Ponds and ditches ; local but not uncommon in the centre and southern parts of England from Yorkshire downwards ; becomes rarer further north (Mr. Bold knew of only two or three local specimens from the Northumberland district), and is not recorded from Scotland. Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin. C. quinquelineatus, Zett. Very closely resembles the preceding in size, shape and general appearance, but may at once he distinguished by the larger punctures on the elytra being much more numerous and closer to cne another, and also by having the longitudinal dark markings on the elytra narrower, and more regular, as a rule, but in this point it somewhat varies ; the prosternal process is depressed in front instead of being elevated as in the preceding species. Long. 3, lat. 2 mm, Rare ; the original specimens taken in this country by Mr. Waterhouse were believed to have occurred near London, and Dr. Power has a specimen marked “ Battersea Fields ;” Repton rare (Mr. Garneys) ; Northumberland district, ‘ Prest- wich Carr and Gosforth Lake, September ;” Scotland, very rare, Lowlands, Tweed and Solway ; Ireland, Killarney, and near Armagh. C. inequalis, F. Short, convex, rather broad, without pubescence ; head and thorax ferruginous, anterior and posterior margins of the latter dark; elytra black with the margins and some irregular markings testaceous or reddish testaceous ; elytra thickly and strongly punctured, without smaller punctures interspersed ; the colour is variable, but the sutural portion is always black and the margins light, and, as a rule, the dark portion is not spotted. Long. 3, lat. 2 mm. Ponds and ditches inland and near the coast; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom as far north as the Moray district of Scotland, and probably occurs in the extreme north, as it is abundant in Northern Europe. C. decoratus, Gyll. Short, oval, convex, without pubescence, shining, smaller and with apex of elytra more acuminate than in the preceding species ; head red, thorax brownish red, thickly punctured in front and behind, dise much smoother ; elytra dark, with side margins and two irregular spots on each towards base and apex (both reaching side margins), orange-testaceous ; elytra moderately strongly and not very closely punctured with smaller punctures interspersed. Long. 24, lat. 1} mm. A very local species both in England and on the Continent; ponds and ditches ; London district, Lee Pit, Notting Hill (formerly), Woking, Cowley; very abundant at Askham Bog near York; Hamlet Clark (Zoologist, clvi. 4857) gives Norfolk and Northamptonshire as localities. C. confluens, F. Oval, somewhat elliptic, rather depressed on dise, but convex on the under side, not pubescent; head testaceous, behind and near the eyes dark brown ; thorax testaceous ; elytra pale testaceous with the suture and three or four abbreviated lines reaching from near Coelambus. | ADEPHAGA, - 169 apex to abaut middle, black, very finely punctured, with larger punctures sparingly distributed, and sometimes arranged more or less in rows ; underside black : the difference between the sexesis very slight. Long. 38, lat. 2 mm. Ponds, &c.; local, but widely distributed throughout England, both inland and in brackish ponds near the coast; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Forth, Solway, Clyde. Treland, near Belfast and Armagh. CG. novemlineatus, Steph. Oval, rather elongate, without pubes- cence, testaceous, with a well-defined spot in centre of thorax (very rarely continued on each side horizontally), and the suture and four lines on each elytron black, underside of abdomen and breast black ; thorax with a minute fovea in the centre ; elytra very thickly and finely punctured ; male shining, with the two anterior pairs of tarsi strongly dilated ; female dimorphic, one form being like the male, the other very dull (the latter is the nigrolineatus, Zett., parallelus, Aubé). Long. 4, lat. 2 mm. A northern species; locally abundant in the Scotch lakes as far north as the Moray district ; Loch Leven and Loch Gelly, abundant (Dr. Power); Northumber- land, Prestwich Carr (Bold) and Rothley Lakes (abundant, Power). It occurs in lakes in Lapland. Stephens (Ill. Mand. ii. 192) says that two specimens were taken by Mr. Rudd at Weyhill (near Andover). Cc. parallelogrammus, Afr. Oblong-ovate, without pubescence, testaceous, with two spots on head, a spot in the middle of thorax, and the suture and several irregular lines on elytra parallel to it, black ; thorax strongly punctured on anterior and posterior margins, disc almost smooth, with a small fovea in the centre; elytra thickly punctured ; underside of head and thorax reddish yellow, breast and abdomen black; male shining, with elytra rather strongly punctured, with the two anterior pairs of tarsi dilated ; female dimorphic, one form shiny and punctured like male, the other very dull and opaque, very finely and obsoletely punctured (the latter is the migrolineatus, Kunze). Long. 4%, lat. 25 mm. Ponds and ditches, both fresh and brackish, but more commonly in the latter not far from the sea. Widely distributed, although somewhat local, as far north as Hartlepool and the Northumberland district ; not recorded from Scotland or Ireland: it probably occurs in the latter country, but is not so likely to be found in Scotland, as it is wanting throughout Northern Europe. Cc. impressopunctatus, Schall. (picipes, F.). Oblong oval, some- what convex, not pubescent, ferruginous testaceous, with the vertex of head on each side (and sometimes a spot near mouth), anterior and pos- terior margins of thorax (the former very narrowly), and several indistinct lines on elytra, parallel to suture, black; thorax strongly punctured, except on disc, where there is a small fovea; male with elytra very strongly and coarsely punctured at base, more finely towards apex, with the sutural stria and two others strongly marked by rows of punctures set thickly together; anterior and intermediate tarsi dilated; female 170 ADEPHAGA. [Calambus. dimorphic, one form shining and punctured as in male, the other very dull and opaque, with the elytra uniformly and finely punctured, with the three rows of punctures obsolete ; this form is rather rare, and is the lineellus, Gyll. Long. 5, lat. 22 mm. Ponds, &c.; local ; rather common in the London district, Lee, Lewisham, Penge, Peckham, Wimbledon, &c.; Norfolk; Shropshire; Devonshire; Swansea; Askham, near York; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Solway district; Ireland, near Waterford (Power) and Killarney (Wollaston). This species stretches right across Siberia into North America. DERONECTES, Sharp. This genus comprises about forty-five species, which mostly inhabit Europe and the Mediterranean regions, a few being found in North America ; we possess five species as British, which are among the most conspicuous of our indigenous Hydropori. I. Upper surface very finely punctured, with thickly scattered larger punctures, unicolorous dark brownish-red (head and base of elytra lighter). . D. Larus, Steph. II. Upper surface uniformly and very finely punc- tured. i. External border of elytra furnished near apex with a small sharp tooth. 1. Upper surface covered with close golden pubescence ; dark markings mostly in lines; thorax broader at base than at apex. . . . D. assrmuis, Payk. 2. Upper surface almost smooth; dark markings mostly in patches; thorax almost as broad at apexas at base. she) aie. RayeeGn ae oy ii. External border of elytra without tooth near apex. 1. Sides of thorax and elytra strongly rounded, forming a distinct angle at junction; disc of thorax not marked with black. . . . . 2. Sides of thorax and elytra together forming a continuous outline; dise of thorax with black markings. . . . + + ++ . «+ «+ « D. @pisKo-sTetaTus, De G. D, DEPRESSUS, F. D. 12-pustuxLatts, Ol. D. latus, Steph. Broad, oval, convex, but rather depressed on disc, dull, very slightly pubescent, ferruginous or fusco-ferruginous, elytra darker with lighter base, antenne and legs reddish testaceous ; entire upper surface very finely punctured with numerous large and deep punctures irregularly distributed over its whole extent, but more plain on elytra; elytra with traces of raised lines ; front and middle tarsi broad in both sexes, but more dilated in male ; in the female there is a short raised longitudinal fold near the outer edge of the elytra at some distance from apex. Long. 43, lat. 28 mm. Rare; in clear or running water among shingle and stones, &c. Stephens’ original specimens were from Marton Lodge, Yorkshire ; Hollington, near Hastings (Butler) ; Tilgate Forest (Power) ; Northumberland district (Ouseburn, Devil’s Water, Moors near Lanercost) ; Scotland, rare, in rapid waters, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Solway and Moray districts (Polmont (near Glasgow) in some numbers (Power) ) ; banks of Almond, near Broxbourne (Sharp). Deronectes. | ADEPHAGA. 171 D. assimilis, Payk. Oblong oval, rather convex, covered with very thick and short yellowish pubescence, rather dull; head testaceous with the extreme hinder margin black ; thorax testaceous with anterior mar- gin narrowly and posterior margin with two patches on each side of middle black, basal margin plainly broader than anterior margin; elytra testaceous, with six dark lines on each which do not reach apex and, as a rule, cease before base, the sixth abbreviated and broken up into patches ; elytra with a sharp tooth on margin near apex ; upper surface very closely and thickly punctured ; underside ferruginous or fuscous ; front and middle tarsi broad in both sexes, but more especially so in the male. Long. 42, lat. 21 mm. Ponds and ditches inland and near the sea ; somewhat local, but widely distributed throughout England from Northumberland to Devonshire, but rare apparently in the south, and near London; the only record in the London district appears to be Reigate Heath (Brewer); I have found it commonly at Mablethorpe, Lincolnshire, in a ditch not far from the coast. Scotland, local, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Moray. A variety of this insect is described by Mr. Rye in Ent. Mo. Mag. xii. 175, taken by Mr. Horace Francis, of Lee, at Keswick, Cumberland ; this is smaller with only the tip of the apical joint of the antenne dark, and with the thoracic dark spots absent in the male, and only indicated in the female ; the colour, however, of the species is occasionally variable, although more constant than in many others. D. depressus, F. Oblong oval, with very short and thick pubes- cence, somewhat dull; head, except extreme hind margin, testaceous ; thorax testaceous with anterior margin very narrowly dark, and posterior margin with two black patches as in the preceding species ; elytra testa- ceous with dark lines which are most usually entirely or almost entirely confluent, and form a sort of broad lattice-work pattern ; the colour, how- ever, is very variable ; sometimes the whole of the disc of the elytra is dark, having only the margins light ; the small distinct tooth on margin near the apex is a character that will at once distinguish it from the suc- ceeding species, which it much resembles; punctuation of upper surface very fine; underside reddish or reddish testaceous ; the male has the anterior and intermediate tarsi broader than the female, and the thorax almost wider than base of elytra, whereas in the female it is distinctly narrower. Long. 43, lat. 23 mm. Running water; widely distributed throughout England and Wales; Scotland, common, as far north as the Moray district; Ireland, Armagh, Dublin, &e., and probably common. D. duodecim-pustulatus, Fab. Very closely resembles the preceding in general appearance and markings, but with the anterior margin of thorax more broadly dark, and elytral dark markings still more confluent ; it is also a much larger insect, and the sides of thorax and elytra are more strongly rounded ; it is easily distinguished also by the absence of the small tooth near apex of elytra; underside reddish testaceous, sometimes infuscate; male with the anterior and inter- 172 ADEPHAGA. [ Deronectes. mediate tarsi dilated, and the intermediate tibiae curved. Long. 5}, lat. 2¢ mm. Running water ; not uncommon and widely distributed throughout England and Wales, although somewhat local in certain districts; Scotland, common as far north as the Moray district ; Ireland, Waterford, Armagh, &c. D. griseo-striatus, De G. Oval, rather narrow, somewhat dull, plainly but closely pubescent ; head testaceous with two dark patches near eyes reaching hind margins ; thorax testaceous with dark markings usually separated by a fine testaceous longitudinal line in centre, centre of dise with a minute fovea; elytra long, forming with thorax an unin- terrupted outline, testaceous, with about seven lines on each black, which are usually distinct, although in places contluent ; the pubescence gives the whole insect a greyish appearance; the upper surface is very closely and finely reticulate ; underside black. The sexes are hardly distinguish- able externally. Long. 44, lat. 22 mm. Lakes in the Highlands of Scotland. Local, Forth, Dee, Argyle, and Moray districts ; also in Shetland ; said to have occurred in the north of England. This species comes near H. halensis, and used to do duty for it in collections, until Dr. Schaum pointed out its differences: it may at once be separated from that species by its longer form, more continuous outline, finer margins of thorax, and usually darker colour. , HYDROPORWUS, Clairville. The genus Hydroporus proper contains about 150 species, which are found almost exclusively in Europe and the cireum-Mediterranean region, Northern Asia, and North America; only three or four species come from the southern hemisphere, one of which is from Chili, a fact worth noticing in connection with what has been said before (ante, p. 140): the species are all small, and, as a rule, inconspicuous, and are in many instances very hard to determine ; in fact “the black Hydro- pori” are always one of the greatest difficulties of collectors. Dr. Sharp divides the whole genus into two divisions, and nine groups ; but, besides the fact that the difference between the divisions is grounded on a very obscure character (although a constant and good one), the practical usefulness of the arrangement to British Coleopterists is very small, as one of the nine groups contains twenty-two of our thirty-six or thirty- seven species, and another contains nine, so that only five or six are left in the others. I have spent a very long time in the endeavour to make even an artificial arrangement that might be serviceable, but none appears to be satisfactory, and I had intended to leave out a table altogether ; the one given below will, however, be found of use to any students who will make themselves acquainted with the general differences and appearance of the various sections beforehand ; I am indebted for it in great measure to M. Bedel: its chief fault is that the character on which one of its chief divisions depends is not always very obvious, viz. the angle made by the lateral border of the elytra and thorax viewed sideways, although Hydroporus. | ADEPHAGA. 173 it is acknowledged by all students of the Dytiscide to be in many cases a very valuable character ; it is, however, in most cases very evident, as will be plain to any one who will compare together H. dorsalis or lineatus with H. planus or nigrita, and the species concerning which any difficulty might arise as to which section they belonged (as H. memnonius, obsoletus, and ferrugineus) are, as a rule, easily distinguished by other characters, and are mostly rare and seldom met with. The colour of the species is in many cases a great help towards dis- tinguishing them, but it is not possible to classify them by this, as it is in the case of Bembidium, as the colour varies very considerably, and some of the species that as a rule show markings at base of elytra or on their dise occasionally have them wanting: the succeeding table, how- ever, may be of some service, as long as it is remembered that it is merely provisional and applies to mature specimens only. 1. Elytra black with yellow lines or markings distributed over dise: H. pictus, granularis, flavipes (very small species), H. lepidus, palustris, incognitus (medium- sized species), H. dorsalis (larger species, markings sometimes visible at base only, sometimes almost absent). 2. Elytra testaceous with black markings: H. halensis, Davisii, septentrionalis, rivalis, 3. Elytra black with lighter markings apparent at base only, or close to mar- gins: H. erythrocephalus, planus, rufifrons, pubescens, vittula (lighter markings usually more or less obsolete, sometimes hardly traceable), H. marginatus, lituratus (lighter markings always plain). 4. Elytra ferruginous or olive brown suffused with a lighter colour, especially at base (species long oblong, all very rare): H. oblongus, ferrugineus, obsoletus. 5. Upper surface unicolorous black or pitchy brown (head sometimes lighter and thorax darker): H. discretus, nigrita, memnonius, melanarius and v. monticola, longicornis, longulus (celatus), morio (atriceps), Gyllenhalii, umbrosus, neglectus, tristis (the latter three are occasionally a little lighter at base and shoulders). 6. Upper side reddish, head and, as a rule, thorax lighter than elytra: H. angustatus, obscurus, Scalesianus (unicolorous), H. lineatus (with dark lines on elytra). I. Thorax with a small longitudinal impression on each side at base. i. Antenne with fourth joint plainly smaller than the joints above and belowit; species very small, black with yellow markings on disc of elytra. 1. Body oval, convex; headred . ... . 2. Body oblong, rather depressed ; head black. A. Elytra with side border and two longitudinal lines (one dorsal) yellow. . uaa fyi, sie B. Elytra with side border and four lines (often abbreviated and interrupted) yellow. . . . H. FLAVIPES, Ol. ii. Antenne with fourth joint equal to the joints above and below it ; species larger (23-4 mm.). 1. Head black; elytra black with yellow markings H. LEprpus, Ol, 2. Head entirely or almost entirely testaceous ; elytra testaceous with black markings. A. Form short oval; thorax with a more or less distinct dark band on disc ; elytra almost im- PEUCLRUG Mee niet eet est is Paton es) a B. Form long oval; elytra with distinct scattered punctures. H. protus, F. H. eranutaris, LZ. H. RIVALIS, Gy. ADEPHAGA. a. Head without oblique stripes, dark at base and near eyes; thorax with two dark trans- verse patches on disc, ca ee a rule) in centre. . b. Head with an oblique stripe on “each side forming a VY; thorax with two strong black transverse impressions at base . . i. Thorax without longitudinal impressions. . Thorax testaceous with two black gaa divided "by acentral line . . se . Thorax dark with at most sides lighter. ne Lateral border of thorax viewed sideways form- ing a plain, though obtuse, angle with the borders of the elytra. A. Base of thorax widely impressed at sides . . B. Base of thorax not impressed towards sides. a. Underside red, elytra with more or less distinct black lines . b. Underside black or brown, ‘ely tra without trace of black lines. a*, Size very small (L. 2-23 mm.). at. Thorax yellowish red, a reddish brown . bf. Thorax black, elytra black or brown. af. Thorax with base narrower than base of elytra; sides narrow y mar- gined . . bf. ‘Thorax with "pase as broad as base of elytra; sides not margined . b*. Size larger (L. 23-4 mm.). at. Sides of thorax not, or very indis- tinctly margined. at. Thorax impunctate on a) elytra without spots . bf. Thorax entirely punctured ; ‘ely tra with more or less distinct lighter markings. *, Head more or less red; thorax with margins broadly yellow or red yellow. +, Form oval ; punctuation very fine; length 44mm... . +t. Form oblong ; punctuation coarser ; length 3-3} min. . Form narrower; pubes- pres thicker . . Form broader ; pubes “cence more scanty . . **, Head dark, elytral markings very indistinct, sometimes almost obsolete; thorax uni- colorous . bf. Sides of thorax distinetly (although sometimes finely) margined. at. Largerspec ies, oblong and parallel- sided (L. 4 mm.). *, Elytra and thorax ferruginous with suffused lighter markings [ Hydroporus. H. SEPTENTRIONALIS, Gyll. H. Davisit, Curt. H. watensis, F. H. porsatis, F. H. wineatvs, F. H. ScaLEstanus, Steph. H. neGrectus, Schuum. H. umprosvs, Gull H. ancustratvs, Sturm H. mararnatus, Duft. H. patustris, Z. H. rncoenitvs, Sharp. H, virtvna, Er. H. FERRUGINEUS, Steph. Hydroporus.] ADEPHAGA, **, Elytra entirely dark ; thorax dark with red- dish margins oer bf. Smaller species (i 22= 34 mm.). *. Punctuation very strong and deep . seer og **. Punctuation rather fine and shallow. t. Upper side unicolor- ousblack . , , Tt. Head broadly red- dish; elytra brownish 2. Lateral border of thorax viewed sideways continuous with the border of elytra or forming a searcely perceptible angle with it, A. Upper surface smooth, without, or with very slight, pubescence, a. Thorax with margins broadly testa- ceous ; elytra entirely suffused with a lighter shade, rounded at apex b. Thorax with margins narrowly and obscurely red ; elytra with base only suffused with a lighter shade, some- what acuminate at apex. acihe ce. Upper side unicolorous, apex of elytra rounded. a*, Antenna entirely red. at. Hind coxal cavities quite ap- proximate; form longer and more oblong; thorax almost impunetate on disc. at. Elytra more finely putic- tured; antenne more elongate. De oats ae te bt. Elytra more coarsely pune- tured; antenne less elon- Save ey i st Poa. bt. Hind coxal cavities minutely separate; form shorter and more oval; thorax almost always plainly punctured on dise . sie genes hears b*. Antenne, except base, black . B. Upper surface more or less_ plainly pubescent. a. Lateral border of thorax not visible from above; head red. a*, Length 22 mm.; punctuation rather diffuse. . 2... b*. Length 4 mm.; punctuation fine b. Lateral border of thorax plainly visible from above. a*, Length 43-5 mm.; antenne with joints 5-8 elongate or oblong. H. memyontvs, Vic, H. GYLLENHALIT, Schiidte, H. morto, Dey. (atriceps, Crotch). H. rristis, Payk, H, OBSOLETUS, Aube, H. ostonaus, Steph. H. LONGICORNIS, Sharp. H., MELANARIUS, Sturm, and ». monticola, Sharp, - H.tonevnvs, Muls. (celatus, Clark). H. nia@riva, F. H. ogscurvs, Sturm, H. ERYTHROOEPHALUS, L, 176 ADEPHAGA. [Hydroporus. at. Punctuation rather strong ; antennss long; pubescence long but scanty; front of fore- head red. : . H. rurrrrons, Duft. by. Punctuation close ; ; antenna short ; pubescence very thick ; head black . Le, . H. Puanovs, F. b*, Length 3-34 mm. ; antennm with joints 5-8 oval, rounded. af. Elytra entirely black; pubes- cence more scanty . . . . H. piIscretus, Fairm. bt. Elytra brownish with obscure lighter markings at extreme base and shoulders; pubescence thicker . . . . H. PUBESCENS, Gy/ll. ef. Elytra brown with plain ‘yellow markings af base and indis- tinct markings at apex ; pubes- cence Jong, but not thick . . H. LirvRatus, F. H. pictus, F. Oval, broadest in middle, elytra somewhat pointed at apex, rather convex, sparingly pubescent, rather closely but distinctly punctured ; head and sides of thorax red, dise of latter dark brown or reddish ; elytra dark with two large and very irregular waved or den- tate testaceous bands on each, one at base, and the other towards apex, the extremities of which, as a rule, meet or almost meet on dise, and enclose a large dark patch on each side; the colour, however, is some- times variable, and sometimes the four testaceous patches are small and show no signs of meeting; the suture and a broad space on either side is always dark; the strize on each side of base of thorax are very small ; in the male the anterior tarsi are plainly dilated. Long. 24, lat. 1} mm. Ponds, &c.; common and widely distributed throughout the country; local in Scotland, Tweed, Forth, Moray, Clyde; Ireland, Belfast, Dublin, Armagh, &e. H. granularis, L. Oval, somewhat elliptic, rather depressed on disc, somewhat dull, slightly pubescent, finely but distinctly punctured ; head and thorax brownish black, the latter with margins reddish ; elytra black with two testaceous longitudinal lines on each, one near margin, and one on disc, the latter dilated at base ; eee with the anterior and intermediate tarsi slightly dilated. Long. 23, lat. 1} mm. Ponds, &e. ; a local species, although sometimes senate where it occurs; Lee, Horsell, and Woking in the London district ; Askham Bog (very common); Cam- bridge, Wicken and Quy Fens, &c. ; Swansea ; Nor thumberland district ; not recorded from Scotland or Ireland, H. flavipes, Ol. Oblong oval, rather convex, with fine punctua- tion and pubescence ; head black; thorax black with margins plainly testaceous, basal stria very minute ; elytra black with-side border and several longitudinal lines on each, more or less abbreviated, testaceous ; these are, however, variable; male with the posterior tarsi slightly dilated. ‘Long. 22, ‘lat. 1, mm. Ponds, &c., especially in heathy districts; rather local, but not uncommon where Hydroporus. | ADEPHAGA. 177 it occurs: it appears to be chiefly found in the Tondon district (Weybridge, Esher, Reigate, Chobham, Gravesend, &c.), and the New Forest ; Devonshire; Anglesea (Wollaston) ; Ireland, near Belfast and elsewhere. H. lepidus, Ol. Oval, convex, pubescent, elytra very strongly acu- minate behind ; head and thorax black ; elytra black with the margins and two or three waved bands and markings on each testaceous, those towards base- being usually most conspicuous ; the basal striz of thorax are indis- tinct ; in British specimens the colour is fairly constant, and the punc- tuation distinct, although fine, but in Southern Europe it is much more variable, and specimens occur which are yellow with the suture, a large transverse patch on middle, and a humeral dot black; smooth forms also occur in which the punctuation is obsolete, but these too are not found further north ; the sexes are scarcely distinguishable. Long. 3, lat. 12 mm. Ponds, either stagnant or with water running through them; somewhat local but widely distributed throughout England and Wales ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Dee, Clyde; Ireland, Belfast, Dublin, &c.: I have tuken the species in profu- sion in a pond close to the coast at Bournemouth through which a strong stream was running, and also in a quite stagnant pool in the middle of Langworth Wood, Lincoln. H. rivalis, Gyll. (fluviatilis, Steph.). Broad oval, rather round, without pubescence, rather dull, almost impunctate ; under side blackish, sometimes ferruginous, upper side testaceous, dise of thorax more or less dark, elytra with longitudinal black lines more or less abbreviated and confluent ; strize at base of thorax very plain; front and middle tarsi of male rather broader than in female; antenna, except extreme apex, testaceous. Long. 3, lat. 2 mm. Running water; local but widely distributed ; rare in the London district, Gom- shall, Merton (Surrey) ; Selborne; R.Tavy, Devonshire ; Yorkshire ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, common in streams, Lowlands, Forth, Tay, Moray. Ireland, Belfast, Loughlinstown, Waterford, &ec. The var. Sanmarkzi differs slightly in form, colour, and sculpture from the type, but is hardly a variety, much less a species, as some authors have considered it to be. H. septentrionalis, Gyll. This species rather closely resembles the preceding, from which it may be at once distinguished by its longer and more oblong form, and longer elytra, the dark lines on which are as a rule much more distinct and less confluent ; the basal striz of thorax are usually abbreviated both in front and behind, and the surface of the elytra is plainly and diffusely punctured ; the dark markings on thorax, also, are more distinct, and are separated in the centre by a longitudinal testaceous band; underside black, sometimes ferruginous; the sexes scarcely differ. Long. 34, lat. 2 mm. Running water ; it is, as its name implies, a northern species, but has been taken in Bewdley Forest, Worcestershire, by Mr. Blatch, and has occurred at Studley and Scarborough, Yorkshire ; Dr. Leach’s record from Devonshire requires confirmation ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Scotland, common in streams both Lowlands- N 178 ADEPHAGA. [Hydroporus. and Highlands, throughout the greater part of the country. Ireland, Killarney, and river Dodder. H. Davisii, Curt. Oblong oval, without pubescence, somewhat dull, under side black, upper side testaceous, head with an oblique dark stripe on each side meeting at vertex, thorax with more or less distinct dark transverse markings on dise, separated by a testaceous longitudinal band in centre ; elytra with seven or eight dark lines on each, confluent in places, especially at margins; apex of elytra acuminate, their surface very finely reticulate with scattered larger punctures; front and middle tarsi considerably dilated in male, claws of front ones more elongate in male than female. Long. 44, lat. 2} mm. Always found in very clear waters ; Northumberland and Durham district ; Seot- land, common in streams, Lowlands and Highlands, Forth, Dee, Moray, (Polmont near Glasgow in abundance (Power) ). H. halensis, F. Oval, rather broad, dull, with very thick and short pubescence ; head testaceous; thorax testaceous with two dark spots divided by a central line, which touch or almost touch the basal margin ; elytra testaceous, with six lines and interspersed spots black ; metaster- num black ; upper surface hardly visibly punctured, underside strongly punctured ; male with the anterior and intermediate tarsi broader than in female, claws of anterior tarsi longer; abdomen black, middle of apex ferruginous ; female with the abdomen ferriginous. Long. 44, lat. 25 mm. A fen species: first taken at Haughley, Suffolk ; Ranworth, Wicken, and Horning Fens; Bungay ; Stowmarket. H. dorsalis, F, Oblong oval, somewhat depressed, plainly pubescent, colour variable, usually black, with head, margins of thorax, and mark- ings towards base and sides of elytra, and sometimes at apex, rufescent ; thorax transverse, with a large depression on each side of base, the depressions meeting more or less distinctly in centre, base narrower than base of elytra; antenne rather long and slender, fuscous with base red ; underside reddish ; male, rather shiny, with anterior and intermediate tarsi strongly dilated, plainly punctured ; female duller, more obsoletely punctured. Long. 48, lat. 25 mm. Ponds, &c.; not uncommon and widely distributed, but rather local ; it occurs in the Northumberland district, but is very doubtful as Scotch (there being only one record, “ Raehills, Rev. W. Little,’ Murray’s Cat.) ; it has not yet been recorded from Ireland, as far as I can discover. In some specimens the markings on the elytra are quite obsolete ; the peculiar broad depressed elytra, long legs, and comparatively narrow thorax will, however, serve to distinguish them, for they cannot be con- founded with any other species. H. lineatus, F. Oval, convex, with the elytra strongly acuminate behind, closely but distinctly punctured, rather strongly pubescent ; head and thorax testaceous red, the latter with anterior and posterior Hydroporus. | ADEPHAGA. 179 margins usually more or less narrowly dark; elytra fuscous with the exterior margin and several indistinct lines testaceous red; these are often obsolete, and the whole surface except margins appears fuscous ; underside red, shiny ; male with the anterior tibie narrowed internally towards base, anterior and intermediate tarsi plainly dilated. Long. 3 lat. 12 mm. Ponds and ditches inland and on the coast ; common and widely distributed through- out England and Wales, although somewhat local in places ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed, Tay, Solway ; Ireland, near Belfast. > H. Scalesianus, Steph. Oblong oval, very sparingly pubescent, somewhat shiny; head and thorax reddish, the latter impunctate on disc, antenne long ; elytra rather dark ferruginous, distinctly and rather strongly punctured, strongly narrowed towards apex; abdomen and breast blackish ; anterior tarsi with the third joint elongate ; male with the anterior and intermediate tarsi a little broader than in female, the claws of the former thick and elongate. Long. 2, lat. 1 mm. Very local ; originally taken by Mr. Scales in Norfolk, but the locality has been lost ; it appears to be only found now in Askham Bog near York, where it is not uncommon at certain seasons of the year, although never plentiful. H. neglectus, Schaum. Oblong, rather narrow, very scantily pubescent ; head red, thorax pitch-black, elytra reddish brown; thorax narrower than elytra, sparingly punctured on disc ; elytra rather strongly and diffusely punctured, somewhat parallel-sided, posterior third gradually narrowed to apex ; underside black; third joint of anterior tarsi elon- gate ; anterior and intermediate tarsi broader in male. Long. 2%, lat. 14 mm. Rare; first taken in Britain by Dr, Power at Lee Pit; it has also occurred on Cannock Chase and in Askham Bog, York. This is one of our smallest unspotted species ; it most closely resem- bles H. tristis in form, colour, and sculpture, but is much smaller, more depressed, and rather less parallel, and the sides of the thorax are more curved ; it is also allied to H. wmbrosus, from which it differs by its somewhat smaller size, more elongate and parallel form, entirely ferru- ginous legs and head, and less pubescent, more finely punctured elytra. H. tristis, Payk. Oblong, feebly convex, somewhat depressed on dise of elytra, very sparingly pubescent, not very shining ; head reddish in front; thorax black with sides almost straight, diffusely punctured or almost impunctate on disc; elytra rather parallel-sided, reddish brown, rather strongly punctured ; underside black ; the sexes are scarcely dis- ” tinguishable. Long, 3, lat. 14 mm. Very local; seems chiefly but not entirely to affect peaty soils on moors and in mountainous districts : Swansea; Barmouth; Snowdon district ; Teesdale; Repton (W. Garneys); Askham Bog; abundant on the Northumberland Moors in mossy holes; Scotland, common in the Tay, Dee, and Solway districts. Ireland, Armagh. This species is at once distinguished from H, wmbrosus by its larger size, much straighter sides of elytra, scantier pubescence, and more N 2 180 ADEPHAGA. [Hydroporus. diffuse punctuation ; compared with H. morio, De}. (atriceps, Crotch), it is smaller, flatter and more oblong with the sides of the thorax less narrowed in front: apart from this, however, its reddish head and brownish colour will at once distinguish it. H. umbrosus, Gyll. Oval, rather convex, parallel-sided, rather dull; head reddish in front, thorax black, elytra brownish ; thorax plainly but diffusely punctured on disc ; elytra closely but very dis- tinctly punctured with the sides somewhat rounded ; tarsi dilated in both sexes; the sexes are hard to distinguish: there appear to be two forms of the species, one being somewhat more elongate and more brightly coloured than the other, but, according to Dr. Sharp, they are not speci- fically different, and both of them are alike in having the apical ventral segment more distinctly punctured than is the case in the allied species. Long. 23, lat. 1; mm. Ponds, &c., local; rare near London, Woking, &c.; Walthamstow ; Horning Fen, Woodbastwick, and other Norfolk localities; Askham Bog; Northumberland district, Gosforth, somewhat rare; Scotland, local, Forth, Tay, Clyde, Moray. The distinctions between this species and the two preceding are men- tioned above: it somewhat resembles in shape H. obscurus, but is smaller, differently coloured, much more strongly pubescent, and more closely punctured ; the angle made by the thorax and elytra viewed sideways is very evident in this species, whereas in H. obscurus the outline is continuous. H. angustatus, Sturm. Oblong oval, elongate, plainly pubescent, black underneath, upper side ferruginous with head, and often thorax, red ; antenne long and slender ; thorax sparingly punctured on disc, rather strongly at base, base with depressions on each side more or less evident ; elytra at base slightly broader than base of thorax, with sides somewhat rounded, closely and distinctly punctured; third joint of the anterior tarsi elongate ; male with the anterior tarsi strongly dilated, and the claws thickened, intermediate tibiz sinuate internally. Long. 3, lat. 1} mm. Ponds, &e.; not uncommon and widely distributed throughout England and Wales, Scotland, scarce, Lowlands, but widely distributed as far north as the Moray district. In size and colour this species somewhat resembles H. obscurus, but may at once be distinguished by its more oblong shape, longer antenna, and the very evident angle formed by the sides of thorax and elytra, as well as by the more or less visible depressions at the base of thorax, which are wanting in H, ebscurus, in which insect the base is much less strongly punctured. H. Gyllenhalii, Schiddte (piceus, Steph.). Oblong oval, rather convex, shining, almost without pubescence, very strongly punctured, colour dark pitchy castaneous, often lighter towards margins of elytra, legs red ; thorax plainly punctured on dise, but much less strongly than on margins ; sides of thorax and elytra viewed sideways forming a strong Hydroporus. | ADEPHAGA. 181 angle ; breast and abdomen black ; tarsi rather broad in both sexes. Long. 33, lat. 2 mm. Ponds, &. ; widely distributed throughout the country from the New Forest to Northumberland ; common in the London district in several localities ; Scotland, local, Forth, Tay, Moray; Ireland, near Waterford, This species is unlike any other that we possess, and is at once distin- guished by its dark castaneous colour, convex and shining upper-surface, and the very strong punctuation. H. morio, Dej. (africeps, Crotch). Oblong oval, plainly but rather scantily pubescent, black with legs fuscous ; thorax narrowed in front, with the base strongly punctured, disc somewhat raised and finely punc- tured ; elytra distinctly punctured, more so in male than female, sume- what dilated behind middle in some specimens, which are apparently females ; male with the anterior and intermediate tarsi more dilated than in female, claws of the former larger; female dimorphic, one form being shining as in male, the other dull. Long. 33, lat. 1j mm. A very local and somewhat rare species, affecting, as a rule, boggy and high dis- tricts, especially in the north. Askham Bog; Cheviot Hills; local in Scotland, Highlands, Tay, Dee, Moray and Solway districts. This insect is not the melanocephalus, Steph., Marsh, under which name it stands in many of the older cabinets. This species is distinguished from H. tristis by its darker colour, fus- cous legs, rather wider form, and different sculpture especially in female ; the head is black, and not red as in fristis: it bears a considerable resem- blance to dark and unicolorous specimens of H. vittula, from which it may be distinguished by its coarser punctuation, darker legs, and less oval form. Mr. Bold’s H. elongatulus (erroneously identified) appears to be referable to this species. H. vittula, Er. (ambiguus, Aubé). Oval, rather convex, plainly pubescent, dull, underside black, upper surface fuscous, with the head more or less rufous, but often nearly black ; sides of thorax narrowly and obscurely reddish ; ‘elytra with more or less obscure testaceous mark- ings at sides and towards base, which are often almost, if not quite, obsolete, and are seldom plain ; the thorax is finely but distinctly punc- tured on dise, more strongly on margins; elytra closely but plainly punc- tured, a little more evidently in male than in female; legs darker or lighter red or fuscous; male with tarsi more strongly dilated than female, the anterior ones with claws equal. Long. 34, lat. 13 mm. Ponds, &c.; local; not common near London (Dulwich, Lee, Cowley, Horsell, Reigate, &c.); Whittlesea Mere; Horning Fen; Askham Bog (where a dark and very confusing variety occurs) ; Northumberland district; Scotland, scarce, Forth, Solway, Clyde; Ireland, near Waterford, and Killarney. This species comes near H. palustris, but is smaller, proportionally shorter, less narrowed behind, and darker, with the light markings much less distinct ; the head and sides of thorax, also, are darker, Dr. Sharp 182 ADEPHAGA. [Hydroporus. considers that it will probably prove a variety of H. striola, Gyll., to which species it bears an exceedingly close resemblance. H. palustris, L. Oblong oval, rather elongate, very strongly pubescent, under side black, upper side fuscous with the head and sides of thorax plainly red, the former more or less dark on each side of vertex ; thorax closely punctured on disc, more strongly on margins ; elytra closely punctured with the margins and markings at base and apex of elytra more or less plainly testaceous ; occasionally, but rarely, these are almost opsolete ; legs red ; male rather dull, but less so than female, the latter sex with elytra more closely punctured ; anterior and intermediate tarsi of male dilated, claws of former unequal. Long. 3%, lat. vix 2mm. Ponds, &c.; common in stagnant water throughout the kingdom; varieties occasionally occur in which the testaceous spots are almost if not quite obsolete, and the whole insect is of a reddish or fuscous colour. H. tinctus, Clark, is to be referred to one of these : the specimens from which it was described were taken by ‘l'urner in the New Forest. H. incognitus, Sharp. Very like the preceding, but larger and broader with the pale markings less developed and not so distinct from the ground colour ; moreover, the form is different and more like that of H. erythrocephalus, the sides of the elytra being more rounded ; the punctuation of the elytra is rather more distinct than in H. palustris, the pubescence rather finer and more sparing ; the whole upper surface is less opaque, and the tarsi are slender, the sexes being hard to distinguish ; the prosternal process also is more slender. Long. 33, average lat. 2 mm. Rare ; Cambridge ; a single specimen near Sheerness apparently referable to this species (Champion) ; Northumberland ; Scotland, rare, Solway, Forth, Tay, Moray. This species is also closely allied to WH. vagepictus, Fairm., but is distinct from it, being smaller, and having the distinction between the sexes much less marked. H. erythrocephalus, L. (Oval, convex, strongly pubescent ; head red with the vertex on each side fuscous ; thorax black, with the margins strongly and dise finely punctured, sometimes almost smooth, side margins more or less obscurely reddish ; elytra fuscous with the side margins and base lighter ; legs red, antenne fuscous with base lighter ; male with the elytra closely but plainly punctured rather shining, with anterior and intermediate tarsi dilated ; female dimorphic, one form being like male, the other dull and obsoletely punctured: the latter form is the H. deplanatus, Aubé. Long. 4, lat. 23 mm. Ponds, &c.; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. H. derelictus, Clark, is a variety of this species with the sides of elytra more parallel and the apex more acuminate ; the original specimens came from the Orkneys,and Dr. Sharp has specimens from Inverness-shire ; there appears, however, to be no real specific character to separate it. Hydroporus | ADEPHAGA. 183 H. rufifrons, Duft. Oblong oval, rather convex, very scantily pubescent; head ferruginous in front and behind, thorax with side margins obscurely lighter, strongly punctured on margins, disc very finely punctured, almost smooth; elytra fuscous with the base and exterior margins obscurely ferruginous or testaceous ; legs ferruginous, antenne fuscous with lighter base ; elytra closely and rather strongly punctured ; male with the anterior and intermediate tarsi slightly dilated. Long. 5, lat. 23 mm. A very local species; ponds, &c.; Wimbledon ; Chobham; Coombe; Cambridge, Huntingdonshire, and Norfolk Fens; Askham Bog (sometimes common) ; Northum- berland, Boldon Flats (not uncommon); Scotland, rare, Tweed, Dee, and Clyde districts ; Ireland, near Belfast. This species resembles the preceding, but is easily distinguished by its larger size, more shining appearance, scanty pubescence, and somewhat stronger punctuation. H. longulus, Muls. (celatus, Clark). Oval,-not elongate, with short and very scanty pubescence, either somewhat shiny or dull, black or pitchy with antennz and legs red, head sometimes reddish ; thorax finely punctured on disc, elytra closely and distinctly punctured, the punctures becoming obsolete towards apex, sides somewhat rounded ; anterior tibia and tarsi rather broad: this species is rather variable, some specimens being duller and some having the elytra more distinctly punctured than others ; there is also a considerable difference in size and in the punctua- tion of disc of thorax, and in some examples the elytra are rufescent towards apex. Long. 3-3}, lat. 13 mm. Rare; running water; Surbiton, Bradgate Park, Black Park, Tilgate Forest (Power); Malvern Hills (Sharp) ; Snowdon (Brewer) ; Cheviots (Sharp) ; Scotland, rare in Highland districts in trickling water, Forth, Tay, Dee, Moray (Braemar, Mamsoul, Thornhill, Pitlochry, &c.). H. longicornis, Sharp (parallelus, Sharp). Oblong oval, rather narrow and elongate, almost without pubescence, head black or pitchy black almost impunctate ; antennz long and slender, either clear red, or more usually with the joints (except the two or three basal ones) some- what infuscate ; thorax black, with the extreme sides somewhat reddish, sides very little narrowed in front, with the middle parts impunctate, the punctures towards margins being distinct and close; elytra black, distinctly and moderately closely punctured, the punctures at margins and apex being indistinct, each elytron with two longitudinal rows of larger punctures ; legs red ; the sexes are very difficult to distinguish. Long. 3%, lat. 1¢ mm. Very rare; Rannoch, Perthshire (Sharp) ; north of Northumberland (Bold) ; Wales (recorded by Sharp) ; the species has also been found in Finland and Savoy. This species is closely allied to H. melanarius, but is rather narrower and more elongate, and has the elytra more finely punctured; the antenne also are more elongate ; the two punctured lines on the elytra, 184 ADEPHAGA. [ Hydroporus. which are very evident in this species, are hardly traceable in H. mela- narius; in form and colour it somewhat resembles H. morio, 6, but is more parallel, less distinctly punctured, and has the thorax more dis- tinctly margined; the angle, too, formed by the sides of elytra and thorax viewed sideways is more obtuse than in that species (Dr. Sharp says it is about the same, and it may certainly be regarded as one of the transitional species, but on a comparison of Dr. Sharp’s own types the angle formed by the sides appears distinctly more obtuse than in average specimens of HZ. morio). H. melanarius, Sturm (». monticola, Sharp). Oblong oval, almost without pubescence, black or pitchy, antenne and legs red; thorax punctured on margins, dise smooth or almost smooth; elytra parallel-sided rather strongly and diffusely punctured, punctures obsolete towards apex which is usually of a lighter colour; this is a somewhat variable species ’in size, sculpture, and even in form; some examples are dull and less distinctly but not more closely punctured than others, which are shining and very distinctly punctured ; H. monticola, Sharp, was described from these smaller, duller, and more finely punctured specimens, Long. 3-3}, lat. 1}-1{ mm. Ditches and mossy holes amongst Sphagnum, rare. London district, Esher and Lee Pit (Power), Woking (Champion) ; as a rule these specimens from near London are larger than the more northern forms; on Cannock Chase I took a specimen in 1879 intermediate between the type and the variety ; Askham Bog ; Northumberland district, mossy holes on moors, rare; Scotland, rare, Highlands, Tay, Moray, Sol- way. Dr. Sharp’s original specimen of H. monticola came from Glen Affriek, Inverness-shire. The differences between this species and the preceding are mentioned above: from H. morio, g, it may at once be distinguished by its more pitchy colour, red legs and antenne, impunctate dise of thorax, and shorter and mere parallel-sided elytra. H. memnonius, Nic. Oblong oval, rather depressed, almost with- out pubescence, pitchy, or pitchy black with the anterior and posterior margins of head and sides of thorax more or less distinctly ferruginous ; antenne and legs red, the former somewhat elongate; thorax with sides only slightly narrowed in front, with the margins strongly and the dise finely punctured ; elytra rather closely and strongly punctured ; abdomen and breast black ; male shining and plainly punctured, female dimorphie, one form being like male, and the other very dull and finely punctured, and usually entirely of a castaneous colour: this form is the H. castaneus, Aubé. Long. 4, lat. 25 mm. Ponds, ditches, &c., either in woods or open spaces; rather local, but widely distributed throughout the country; also rather common in Scotland in lowland districts as far north as Morayshire. H. obscurus, Sturm. Oval, rather convex, scantily pubescent, rather shiny, red or fuscous red with the head, base of antennz (which are short), and legs lighter; thorax with the dise broadly smooth, Hydroporus. | ADEPHAGA. 185 anterior and posterior margins brownish, punctured; base with a depression near posterior angles; elytra rather strongly punctured ; breast black ; sexes indistinguishable externally. Long. 27, lat. 15 mm. Ponds, &c.; local and not very common, although widely distributed ; London district, Lee, Reigate, Horsell, Woking ; New Forest; Snowdon; Askham Bog ; Skiddaw ; Northumberland district ; Scotland, not rare, Tay, Dee, Solway, Clyde, Moray ; Ireland, Killarney. This is a very distinct little species, which may at once be known by its reddish colour, smooth upper surface, rather strong punctuation, and small size; it is usually placed near wmbrosus, but bears very little _resemblance to that insect, which is smaller, narrower, of darker colour, much more evidently pubescent, more finely punctured, and with much longer and more slender antenne ; the sides of thorax and elytra viewed sideways are continuous, a point which separates it from H. tristis, with which it is sometimes compared ; it is also smaller than that species, differently coloured, and has shorter and thicker antenne. H. nigrita, Fab. (g/abellus, Thoms.), Oval, rather broad, finely pubescent, slightly shining or dull, black or pitchy ; antenne fuscous with base red, legs red ; thorax with margins punctured, disc with a few scattered punctures, almost smooth ; elytra distinctly and rather strongly punctured, punctures obsolete towards apex ; apex of abdomen usually impunctate ; sexes indistinguishable externally. Long. 3, lat. 13 mm. Ponds, wells, small streams, &c.; widely distributed and not uncommon throughout the greater part of the country ; Scotland, common in lowland and highland districts as far north as Morayshire; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin, and probably widely distributed. H. discretus, Fairm. Very like the preceding, of which it has been considered by some authors a sexual variety ; the punctuation is much closer and the pubescence less scanty, and the upper surface is brighter and not finely and densely coriaceous, and therefore dull, as in Hi. nigrita; the dise of thorax also is much more evidently punctured ; sexual differences very slight. Long. 3, lat. 13 mm. Local ; Lee, Esher, and Birdbrook, Essex (Power); Hastings (Butler) ; Northum- berland district; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tay, Solway-: this and the preceding species appear to inhabit clear water either still or running; Mr. Bold says that a runner from a spring on the moors is a favourite locality. This species comes very near the preceding, but the distinctions are very evident if specimens are compared side by side ; it appears to be more closely allied to H. corsicus, Wehncke, and H. neuter, Fairm., than to H. nigrita. H.. pubescens, Gyll. (melanocephalus, Marsh’). Oval, rather convex, dull, strongly pubescent, evenly, finely, and thickly punctured, head and thorax black, elytra fuscous with the shoulders often lighter ; antenne fuscous with base red, legs obscurely red; last segment of abdomen widely and deeply punctured ; anterior tarsi with the third joint small. Long. 33, lat. 13 mm. 186 ADEPHAGA, [Hydroporus. Ponds, &c. ; one of the commonest of the Dytiscid# not only in Britain, but also throughout Europe, extending from Finland to Algeria, and from Britain to Northern Persia; the thick pubescence and fine punctuation at once distingnish it from H. nigrita; the elytra also are longer in proportion; from H. discretus it may be separated by its shape, thicker pubescence, and lighter base of elytra. H. planus, F. Oval, not very convex, very plainly pubescent, thickly and finely punctured, head and thorax black, elytra fuscous with the base and shoulders more or less obscurely testaceous, legs reddish, antennz fuscous with red base ; last segment of abdomen pubescent with the apical half thickly punctured ; male with the front tarsi broader than in female. Long. 4—43, lat. 2-24 mm. Ponds, &c.; one of the commonest species throughout the kingdom ; it varies some- what in colour and also in size; it is most closely allied to the preceding, from which it may always be distinguished in doubtful cases by the larger third joint of the frout tarsi and the sculpture of the apical ventral segment. H. lituratus, F. (xanthopus, Steph.). Oval, rather convex, shining, plainly but rather scantily pubescent, distinctly but rather finely punctured, head and thorax black, the latter less evidently punctured on dise than on margins ; antennz and legs testaceous, the former fuscous towards apex ; elytra fuscous or brownish, with the margins and base more or less broadly and distinctly testaceous ; last abdominal segment indistinctly punctured ; the colour, sculpture, and pubescence are some- what variable ; the sexes are hard to distinguish. Long. 33, lat. 2 mm, Stagnant ponds, especially in woods ; not uncommon and widely distributed from south to north; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Solway; Ireland, Armagh (?). H. marginatus, Duft. This species in form and general appear- ance rather closely resembles H. planus, but is somewhat larger and broader, and may at once be distinguished by its reddish head (which is lighter in front and behind), broadly testaceous margins of thorax, and extremely dense and fine pubescence and punctuation ; the elytra are variable in colour, being usually fuscous or fuscous-brown with the sides, apex, and base more or less broadly testaceous ; in some specimens the testaceous colour prevails; legs red, antenna fuscous with red base ; underside black ; male with the anterior tarsi considerably broader than in the female: the species may at once be distinguished by its sculpture. Long. 43, lat. 2} mm. Ponds, &c.; one of our rarest Dytiscidm, although there seems no reason why it should not be found in greater numbers ; in fact it is probable that it is occasionally passed over in mistake for planus ; Twyford and Eggington, near Repton, Burton-on- Trent (W. Garneys, who at the time did not recognize it, or might have secured more) ; Marlborough (Hart Smith); Knowle, near Birmingham, and Cannock Chase (Blatch) ; first taken in Britain by Hamlet Clark at Woburn, Bedfordshire. H. ferrugineus, Steph. (victor, Aubé). Oblong oval, depressed, almost without pubescence, somewhat shiny ; head large, red with darker dise ; thorax ferruginous with the sides lighter, sparingly punctured on disc, strongly on borders, side margins strong, base impressed on each Hydroporus.] ADEPHAGA. 187 side ; elytra ferruginous with the base and other obscure markings lighter, closely and distinctly punctured ; antenne and legs red ; tarsi with the third joint large ; sexes almost indistinguishable. Long. 4, lat. 2 mm. Rare; running water, especially among moss on mountains and in high localities ; the original specimens of Stephens were taken by Mr. Rudd at Collingbourne Wood near Marlborough, and in a stream near Kimpton, Andover ; Whalley, near Preston, Lancashire; Snowdon; Scotland, local, Lowlands and Highlands, Forth, Tay, Moray. H. obsoletus, Aubé (Ashworthii, Power). Oval, rather depressed, shining, without pubescence ; head red in front, darker behind; thorax and elytra testaceo-ferruginous with the disc of former dark and the latter more or less obscurely mottled with lighter markings ; thorax with disc smooth, depressed on each side towards posterior angles, depressions strongly punctured ; elytra very finely punctured with large and plain scattered punctures ; antennz and legs red ; breast and abdomen black ; the sexes are apparently indistinguishable externally. Long. 4, lat. 2 mm. Rare; North Wales; Scarborough and Scalby Beck, Yorkshire ; Gosforth, North- umberland ; Scotland, rare, Solway district (Sharp); Balmuto (Fifeshire) (Power ; one or two specimens at a time in a small pool in a burn after a storm); Dr. Sharp notes that the occurrence of this species in Britain is strange, as it is a native of Syria and Southern (more especially South-Eastern) Europe. H. oblongus, Steph. (nitidus, Sturm). Oblong oval, rather elongate, without pubescence, shining; head dark reddish, antenne testaceous red, apex of last joints fuscous ; thorax pitchy with sides lighter, very finely punctured on disc, more plainly on margins; elytra pitchy casta- neous, with sides, base, and shoulders lighter, rather sparingly and very distinctly punctured, punctuation more close towards apex ; legs red; underside almost impunctate ; in the male the anterior and middle tarsi are somewhat dilated, and joints 3-7 of the antennz are slightly stouter than in the female. Long. 5, lat. 2} mm. Ponds, &c.; rare; discovered by Dr. Power near Cambridge; Horning Fen; Askham Bog, York (not uncommon in early spring, although it always occurs sparingly). COLYMBETINA. Dr. Sharp (1. c. p. 490) divides his complex Colymbetides into two tribes, Agabina and Colymbetina, the former having a group of cilia on the posterior external angle of the hind femora, whereas in the latter it is absent. Dr. Horn prefers the character presented by the semi-mem- branous piece bordering the inner edge of the first ventral plate, which in his first group Agabi is smooth, and in his second group Colymbetes is rugose ; this latter method of division is of advantage as including several of Dr. Sharp’s unassociated genera: the only one of these in our fauna is Copelatus (Liopterus), which resembles the Agabina in having the semi-membranous piece above referred to smooth, and the Colymbetina in having no group of cilia on the hind femur; with our 188 ADEPHAGA. [ Colymbetina. limited number of genera the best plan would seem to be to regard the Colymbetina as one tribe including the genera Agabus, Platambus, Ilybius, Copelatus. Rhantus, and Colymbetes, the genus Copelatus forming a transition between the first three and the last two; they may then be divided as follows :— I. Posterior external angle of hind femora furnished with a little group of cilia. . Claws of posterior tarsi unequal . . . . . . . . Itynrus, Zr. ii, Claws of posterior tarsi equal. 1. Wings of metasternum variable in size but always distinctly wedge-shaped, never linear; epipleure of elytra narrower . . . . Agasus, Leach. 2. Wings of metasternum lender and linear ; epi- pleurx of elytra flat and broad behind middle . . . Pxratamsus, Thoms. II. Posterior external angle of hind femora without group of cilia. i. Claws of posterior tarsiequal . . . . . . « - . Copetatus, Er. ii. Claws of posterior tarsi unequal. 1. Sides of thorax margined; elytra not transversely striolate . : Sp ha ee oe ee ORAS eeaans 2. Sides of thorax not margined elytra transversely striodlate . .. . EP c, wviss loshsylto sel =) is, # GODYATR ETERS ai yiraan AGABUS, Leach. In this genus the sides of the prothorax have a raised margin, and the terminal joint of the palpi is not thickened ; the genus comprises about a hundred species from Europe, Northern Asia, and North America, and a considerable number of species standing under other generic names are probably referable to it ; it is very difficult to determine the species, as they are so much alike in general appearance, although in obscure points of structural difference they vary exceedingly from species to species: the following table may be found of some service, but in each case the more minute differences must be carefully compared: the species are of moderate size, being on an average about 8 or 9 mm. long, and are either black, bronze, or lighter or darker testaceous, uni- colorous, or with a variety of markings; the sculpture of the elytra nearly always consists of a fine reticulation, the size and shape of the meshes often affording a good character for the distinction of the species; on each elytron there are usually two or three irregular rows of large punctures, which however are sometimes very indistinct in the dull females, The larva of Platambus (Agabus) maculatus is figured by Schiddte (ii., Pl. vi., Fig. 1): it is elongate-ovate, somewhat depressed, strongly acuminate behind, pale, with the head and the dorsal scuta fuscous-black spotted and marked with whitish- yellow; head narrow almost orbicular, prothorax narrower than mesothorax with sides very strongly rounded, narrowed in front; seventh and eighth abdominal seg- ments very narrow, cylindrical, cerci very long proceeding from the apex of the eighth segment, furnished in middle and at apex with long setw; legs rather long with very long equal claws. Agabus. | ADEPHAGA. 189 I. Wings of metasternum very slender. i. Dise of elytra with les bands and nee er Cabs » . . . A. ABBREVIATUS, F, . Dise of elytra unicolorous * 8 A. FEMORALIS, Payk. IL. "Wings of metasternum moderate or rather large. i. Male with a series of strie forming a stridulating file on each side of the third abdominal segment; upper surface dark bronze. 1. Form narrower ; elytra parallel-sided A. AFFINIS, Payk. 2. Form broader; elytra with sides slightly rounded. . . A, UNGUICULARIS, Thoms. ii. Male without stridulatory or; gan ¢ on the third abdominal segment. 1. Upper surface black, strongly and coarsely reticulated. A. Upper surface with strong distinct scratches forming a longitudinal re- ticulation. a. L. 9-10 mm.; base of thorax slightly sinuate in middle. . . A, BIpusTULATUS, Z., and v. Soliert, Aubé, b. L. 6-7 mm.; base of thorax trun- cate . A. sTRIOLATUS, Gyll. B. Upper surface ' with strong scratches forming a coarse reticulation with- out any definite direction. . . . A. MELANARIUS, Aubé (éarsatus, Zett.). 2. Upper surface very smooth, uni- eolorous reddish brown; swimming legs short and stout . . A. BRUNNEDS, F’, 3. Upper surface very smooth, brownish testaceous, clouded with more or less well-defined dark markings and spots. A. Femora entirely testaceous ; disc of thorax with two black spots oe are rarely obsolete) . . A. KEBULOSUS, Forst. B. Femora_ brownish ‘towards “hase; = dise of thorax always without spots. A. consPERsuUS, Marsh. 4. Upper surface brownish or blackish bronze, smooth and shiny,with a yellow spot on each elytron just behind middle, and sometimes another at apex. A, Elytral spot behind middle waved ; hind coxe rather large; wings of metasternum large . A. DIpyMvs, Ol. B. Elytral spot behind middie simple, sometimes indistinct. a. Base of thorax sinuate in middle, sides converging from base to front ; male with anterior claws distinctly ' toothed . . . A. BIauTTaTUs, Ol. (nitidus, F.). b. Base of thorax " straight, sides not converging before anterior third ; male with anterior claws simple : . . . A. @urratus, Payk. 5. Upper surface unicolorous bronze, with at most extreme edges of elytra 190 ADEPHAGA. [ Agabus. and thorax lighter, besides the usual reddish spots on vertex of head. A. Form larger, longer, and more de- pressed; legs ferruginous, femora dark. . 2 . - A. oHALcoNoTUS, Panz. B. Form smaller, narrower, and more convex ; legs clear red or testaceous ; male shining, female aed bai fall senees . A. ULIerNosvs, L. 6. Upper surface dark with” margins broadly red, finely but plainly reticu- late and dull. A. Form broad, oval . . . . . . A. StTURMII, Schon. B. Form narrow, oblong . may . A. arcricus, Payk. 7. Thorax dark ; elytra brownish yellow or reddish, passing from a lighter to a darker shade, but with no distinct markings. A. Upper surface very shiny . . . A. PALUDOSUS, F. B. Upper surface rather dull . . . A. CONGENER, Thunb. The species are arranged below under their several groups as given by Dr. Sharp; there are no British representatives of the groups that are omitted. Group II. Outline of elytra and thorax either continuous or but slightly dis- continuous ; prosternal process comparatively broad, nearly flat, evenly and distinctly margined, shining and impunctate; wings of metasternum large ; sexual differences of sculpture, as a rule, very slight; male fore feet but little developed. A. guttatus, Payk. Oblong oval, bronze-black, shining, rather depressed ; labrum, two spots on vertex of head, antennz, and palpi red ; thorax with sides strongly margined, a little broader at base than apex, pos- terior angles right angles ; elytra somewhat parallel-sided, rugose towards apex, smoother and more shining towards base, with two more or less dis- tinct testaceous spots on each, one behind middle and one at apex ; legs varying in colour, sometimes clear red, sometimes more or less piceous ; elytra of female near base finely but distinetly reticulate ; in the male the reticulation is less distinct, and the surface near base almost appears finely and closely punctured. Long. 8, lat. 4 mm. Ponds, &c.; generally in clear water with streams running through it; not un- common and w idely distributed throughout England and Wales, although somewhat local ; Scotland, abundant both Lowlands and Highlands; Irelaud, Armagh. A. biguttatus, Ol. (fontinalis, Steph., nitidus, Steph.). Oblong oval, shining black, rather depressed ; head with two spots on vertex usually red; antennz red with the apex as a rule black, palpi piceous; thorax with base sinuate, sides somewhat contracted in front, lateral margins not strong ; elytra with two testaceous spots on each, one behind middle, the other at apex, both small and inconspicuous, the latter often obso- lete; female less shining than male; the reticulation, however, varies Agabus.] ADEPHAGA. 191 very much; the species, as a rule, is larger, more convex, and more shining than the preceding, and has the elytral spots less distinct: the toothed anterior claws of the male will also serve to distinguish it. Long. 9, lat. 43 mm. Running streams; local, although widely distributed; Maidstone; Dartmoor ; Bristol; Llangollen; Isle of Man; Hartlepool; Northumberland district ; Scotland, local, Tweed, Forth, Moray. This species is one of the most widely distributed of the Agabi, ranging over Central and Southern Europe to North Africa and Central Asia with innumerable variations of sculpture, and considerable differences of colour. A. paludosus, F. Oval, rather convex, very smooth and shining ; head dark with front and two spots on vertex red, antenne testaceous red ; thorax dark with borders red ; elytra brownish yellow or castaneous with the sides and base lighter ; posterior legs pitchy, anterior and inter- mediate ones red with femora pitchy in middle ; no sexual differences of sculpture ; male with the basal joints of the front and middle tarsi a little thickened. Long. 7, lat. 4 mm. Widely distributed, and not uncommon, although local; generally in running water, but not always; it occurs throughout the country from Northumberland to Devon- shire, and from South Wales to the London district; Scotland, rather scarce, but widely distributed in the Tweed and eastern districts; it apparently does not occur in the Solway and western ones. Ireland, Cork, and near Belfast. Group IV. Characters similar to those of the highly developed members of the preceding group, except that the swimming legs are strongly developed, being short and thick ; one species only is contained in the group. A. brunneus, F. (ferrugineus, Steph.). Oval, broad, convex, smooth and very shiny, outline of thorax and elytra continuous ; under side black (except of head and thorax), upper side castaneous, with obscure markings occasionally on head and thorax, elytra somewhat lighter at sides and base ; legs red, all the femora in middle, and pos- terior tibiz pitchy ; female apparently dimorphic, one form being much more plainly reticulated and duller than the male: Dr. Sharp does not notice this fact, but there are several of the duller forms in Dr, Power’s collection. Long. 9, lat. 5} mm. Very rare; taken originally (according to Stephens, Mand. ii. 79) by Dr. Leach in South Devon; rediscovered by Dr. Power in June 1862 in the New Forest, in a stream near Lyndhurst, where it was afterwards taken by Charles Turner in some numbers, Group VII. Hind coxe small, wings of metasternum large, hind tarsi feeble; no abdominal file ; prosternal process in our single species moderately broad, feebly punctate (in some of the other species of the group it is quite smooth), 192 ADEPHAGA. [Agabus. A. uliginosus, L. (dispar, Bold). Oval, convex, shining, upper surface bronze black ; head with two obscure spots on vertex reddish ; thorax and elytra with margins narrowly red, base of latter occasionally lighter than disc; thorax strongly margined ; elytra short and broad, narrowed towards apex but not acuminate; underside black, abdominal segments more or less reddish behind; legs red; female dimorphic, one form being like male, the other very thickly reticulate and quite opaque and dull ; male with the front tarsi considerably thickened, claws of front feet short, anterior one thickened so as to appear dentate in middle, Long. 7, lat. 4} mm. Very local; ponds in bogs, &c.; Askham Bog, near York, not uncommon; North- umberland district, Boldon Flats, &e., in some numbers; recorded by Murray from Edinburgh and Aberdeenshire, but Dr. Sharp considers it very probable that in- dividuals of A. congener may have been mistaken for it; the dull variety of the female appears to be confined to Britain: it is not uncommon at Askham Bog. This species may at once be distinguished from its allies by its shorter, broader, and more convex form: it somewhat resembles A. femoralis at first sight, but that insect is much more parallel-sided, more depressed, and quite differently sculptured. Group VIII. Male with a series of striz forming a stridulatory organ on each side of the third abdominal segment ; prosternal process rather narrow, very little compressed, nearly smooth or feebly punctate; wings of meta- sternum moderately large. A. affinis, Payk. Oblong oval, rather depressed on centre of disc, bronze-black, shining, very finely reticulate ; elytra with a longitudinal patch near margin just behind middle and a spot near apex testaceous red ; these markings are very obscure, and are often quite obsolete; an- tennw and legs red, femora more or less pitchy ; anterior claws of male with a sharp tooth; the sculpture of the sexes is almost identical. Long. 6}, lat. 3} mm. Very local; only taken near Dumfries, where it has been found by Dr. Sharp, and subsequently by Mr. Lennon in some numbers. A. unguicularis, Thoms. Extremely like the preceding, but less parallel (the sides of the thorax behind and of the elytra being more rounded) ; the general colour is more brassy, and the broad turned-under inargin of the base of the elytra is obscure red, whereas in afinis it is quite black ; there is also some difference in the size of the wings of the metasternum, but quite insufficient to warrant their being placed in two different genera, as is done by Thomson, who places unguicularis under Eriglenus, and afinis under Gaurodytes, relying chiefly on this character, which is a very unsatisfactory one except in extreme cases. Long. 6}, lat. 3} mm. Widely distributed, although local; ponds, &c.; London district, Lee, &c. ; York. Agabus. | ADEPHAGA,; 193 shire, Askham Bog; Netley; Norfolk; Cambridge; Northumberland district ; Scot- land, not common, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Solway, Clyde. From A. femoralis and A. uliginosus these species may be superficially distinguished by not having the margins of thorax and elytra lighter. Group IX. Hind coxe moderate, or rather large ; wings of metasternum moderate ; prosternal process acuminate, finely margined; swimming legs rather stout ; elytra marked with yellow. A. didymus, Ol. (vitveus, Payk.). Oval, rather convex, broad and robust, rather shining, almost smooth, upper side bronze, with the edges of thorax and epipleure of elytra reddish; elytra with a waved testaceous mark near the side just behind middle formed by the junction of two spots which are very rarely separated, and another pale spot near apex, which are both conspicuous and at once distinguish the species ; an- tenn testaceous, legs pitchy-red; male with the front and middle tarsi distinctly thickened. Long. 8, lat. 4: mm. Running water; local, but widely distributed; London district; New Forest ; Dartmoor ; Swansea; Cambridge; Repton and other midland localities; Bridlington, Yorkshire ; Northumberland district ; becomes rarer in the north of England, and has not been recorded from Scotland. Group X. Anterior tarsi of male never much thickened, their claws more or less elongate, their under surface bearing distinct but not large palettes ; prosternal process elongate, never broad, not keeled; wings of meta- - sternum rather large. A. congener, Payk. Oval or oblong oval, feebly convex ; head and thorax black, sometimes with labrum, two spots on vertex of head, and side margins of thorax reddish; elytra fuscous, fuscous-red, or reddish with the sides and hase usually lighter; antenne and-legs red, femora darker ; prosternal process long, narrow, acuminate, and impunctate; male with elytra bearing only obscure traces of reticulation, female with sculpture varying from that of male to an extremely dense and distinct reticulation which makes the whole surface appear opaque; colour of elytra also very variable. Long. 7, lat. 4 mm. This appears to be essentially a northern, alpine or subalpine species ; it has been recorded from Suffolk, Norfolk, and near London, and also from Askham Bog, York, but all these localities require confirmation; Northumberland district, “ taken near the top of Cheviot by Mr. J. Hardy”; Scotland, abundant in mossy pools in high districts ; Tweed, Tay, Dee, and Solway. A. nebulosus, Forst. (bipunctatus, F.). Oval, rather depressed, shiny, underside black; head black with mouth, clypeus, and two spots on vertex more or less plainly testaceous ; thorax testaceous with two more or less distinct, occasionally obsolete, dark spots on disc: elytra testaceous with irregular variegated dark markings ; legs, including ° 194 ADEPHAGA, [Agabus. femora, testaceous; the sculpture of the male and female differs very little, but the female has the base of the elytra very minutely and finely reticulate or coriaceous. Long. 83, lat. 45 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout Great Britain and Ireland; it is found in stagnant water. A. conspersus, Marsh. This species closely resembles the pre- ceding, but is rather smaller, and may at once be distinguished from ordinary specimens of A. nebulosus by the absence of the two spots on dise of thorax ; from those specimens in which the spots are obsolete it may at once be separated by the colour of the femora, which are always more or less broadly fuscous; the sculpture of the female is ex- tremely variable, sometimes being as in male, whereas forms occur in which the close and fine reticulation gives the insect a very dull and opaque appearance; between the extreme forms various intermediate gradations occur. Long. 8, lat. 45 mm. A maritime species, found usually near the coast in brackish ponds and ditches widely distributed, and by no means uncommon, although rather local; it appears to get rare in the north of England, and is not recorded from the Northumberland district ; in Scotland it occurs near the sea in the Forth and Solway districts, where it is local. A. striolatus, Gyll. Oblong oval, somewhat elongate and narrow, black, rather dull, with antennz and legs red; upper side plainly re- ticulate, the meshes of the reticulation being distinctly longitudinal ; thorax with the posterior angles obtuse ; sculpture of sexes similar ; male with the three basal joints of the front and middle tarsi a little thickened and furnished beneath with the usual glandular hairs. Long. 7, lat. 4 mm. Very rare; has only been taken in Horning Fen, Norfolk (chiefly by Mr. Laundy Browne), and has not occurred for many years; it is a rare species on the Continent, although extending from Finland to the basin of the Seine. Group XIV. Hind coxe large with acutely arched upper border, wings of meta- sternum very slender ; prosternal process rather small ; legs rather slender ; male front tarsi but little thickened. A. femoralis, Payk. Oval, rather depressed, bronze black, shining, with the front of head, two more or less obscure spots on vertex, and margins of thorax and elytra rufescent ; antennz and legs red, the former darker, as a rule, towards apex; elytra very finely reticulate and plainly punctured besides the irregular rows of larger punctures ; thorax with broad lateral margin ; underside of thorax brown-red, breast and abdo- men black, hinder segments of the latter more or less reddish behind ; male with front and middle tarsi slightly thickened ; sculpture the same in both sexes. Long. 6, lat. 35 mm. Ponds, &e. ; local and not common; Wimbledon, Woking, Walthamstow ; Bound- Agabus.| ADEPHAGA. 195 stone, The Holt, near Farnham; Norwich, St. Faith’s; Strensall, near York; North- umberland and Durham district ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, but widely distributed, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Solway, Clyde, and Moray districts. A. abbreviatus, F. (undulatus, Schr.). Oval, convex, shining, very finely reticulate, underside pitchy with hinder segments of abdomen reddish behind ; upper surface bronze ; head and margins of thorax red ; elytra with a very plain waved testaceous band near base stretching across their whole breadth but, as a rule, not quite reaching suture, a waved spot behind middle connected with the basal marking by a lateral band, and another near apex which is small and sometimes in- distinct ; antenne and legs red ; elytra very finely punctured besides the usual larger punctures ; male with the anterior and intermediate tarsi a little thickened. Long. 74, lat. 4 mm. Ponds, &c.; very local; abundant in Askham Bog, where it is the commonest member of the genus at some seasons of the year (I have taken it in profusion in August with Archdeacon Hey); also recorded from Shropshire, Windsor, Leominster, &e. ; formerly abundant in the Fen districts, Whittlesea Mere, &e.; one of the most distinct of the British species, and known at once by its colouration, which is quite peculiar to it. Group XVII. Prosternal process flat, very finely, or indistinctly, margined ; male with posterior tarsi much thickened, and furnished beneath with re- markably large palettes ; wings of metasternum only moderately large ; swimming legs moderately long and stout; surface conspicuously reti- culate. A. arcticus, Payk. Oblong oval, rather narrow, not very convex, dull ; head black with mouth and two more or less distinct spots on vertex red ; thorax black with margins and a broader or narrower band across disc reddish-testaceous ; elytra black with margins broadly light ; antenne and legs red, the former with apex of last joints fuscous ; upper side very closely and irregularly reticulate ; lateral margins of thorax very fine ; male with the front claws unequal, the anterior shorter and furnished with an angular projection ; reticulation of upper surface very deep in female. Long. 7, lat. 32 mm. A northern species extending across North Europe and Arctic Siberia to North America ; Northumberland district, Whittingham near Alnwick (G. Wailes) ; Cheviots (J. Hardy); Scotland, local, Highlands, Forth, Tay, Dee, Solway, Clyde, Argyle, Moray, and probably extending to the extreme north. A. Sturmii, Gyll. Oval, rather convex, dull, finely and closely reticulate ; head and thorax black, somewhat neous, margins of latter broadly testaceous; elytra fuscous with sides broadly testaceous, antenna and legs reddish, apex of last joints of former, and middle of femora of latter blackish ; lateral margin of thorax fine ; male with the front claws elongate and of about equal length, apical joint of middle tarsus very elongate ; sculpture of sexes identical. Long. 8, lat. 44 mm. o 2 196 ADEPHAGA, [Agabus. Ponds, &e.; widely distributed and not uncommon in stagnant water in England and Wales and in Scotland; Ireland, near Belfast and Armagh, and probably common, Group XIX. Coxal lines in their anterior part but little directed outwards ; prosternal process rather broad but always compressed ; wings of metasternum large or moderate. A. chalconotus, Panz. Oval, rather depressed, upper side blackish bronze, with the sides of thorax and elytra sometimes very narrowly rufescent ; mouth and two spots on vertex more or less obscurely red; under side black, abdominal segments reddish behind ; antenne red, apex of last joints dark; anterior and intermediate pairs of legs red, femora pitchy, posterior pair entirely pitehy; upper surface finely and thickly re- ticulate; male with the three basal joints of front and middle tarsi slightly thickened and apical ventral segment rugose towards apex especially on each side of the middle; size very variable. Long. 6-8, lat. 34-44 mm, Ponds, &e.; common and widely distributed from Newcastle to Dartmoor, and from Swansea to the London district ; Scotland, rather common as far north as Morayshire ; Ireland, near Dublin and Belfast. Group XX. Coxal border very wide ; the coxal lines gently, not abruptly turned outwards at the extremity ; prosternal process punctulate, slightly raised along the middle. A. melanarius, Aubé (farsatus, Zett.). Oblong oval, rather shiny (the male more so than the female), somewhat depressed, black with a slight zeneous reflection which is, as a rule, hardly perceptible ; antenne red; legs pitchy; head with two obscure red spots on vertex; each elytron with an obscure reddish dash on margin near apex ; upper surface strongly and plainly reticulate, the meshes of the reticulation taking no definite direction ; this character, together with its larger size and more shining appearance, separates it from A. striolatus, which it most closely resembles ; male with the three basal joints of the anterior and middle tarsi slightly thickened. Long. 9, lat. 5 mm, Very rare ; a single specimen in Dr. Power's collection taken in the Orkneys by Mr. Syme; Mr. Bold in his catalogue records a specimen from Long Benton, North- umberland, but I have not seen the insect, nor do I-know of any person who has verified it. A. bipustulatus, L. Oval, not very convex, black, upper surface sometimes with a very slight metallic reflection, very strongly reticulated, the meshes narrow and at all events at base taking a distinctly longi- tudinal direction ; antenne and palpi red, apex of last joints of former often darker ; legs pitchy, the anterior pair lighter; male with the three basal joints of the anterior and intermediate tarsi thickened, the claws Agabus. | ADEPHAGA. 197 unequal, the front one being moderately long, and the hinder one elongate and much dilated behind ; female duller than male with the striz finer and denser. Long. 10, lat. 55 mm. Ponds and staguant water generally ; very common and widely distributed through- out the kingdom. This species is extremely variable in sculpture ; in the highland dis- tricts of Britain (Snowdon, North of England, and Scotch Highlands) the specimens become smaller, and of a narrower, more oblong and de- pressed form ; the males also become more shining and smooth, and one form of the females much duller, so that the disparity between the sexes appears much greater than in the type form: this is the Agabus Soleri, Aubé, and is called by Dr. Sharp “the dimorphic Alpine form” of A. bipustulatus ; it appears distinct at first sight, but is connected with the ordinary temperate European form by every intermediate gradation ; the colour is also variable, the elytra being sometimes reddish. PLATAMBUS, Thomson. This genus comprises three species, one from Asia Minor and the Caucasus, another from Japan, and the third occurring in Europe from Sweden and Finland to Spain. A. maculatus, L. Oval, rather convex; head red with more or less distinct dark markings, thorax reddish testaceous with anterior and posterior margins more or less broadly black; elytra very variously coloured, ranging from quite dark with margins and a few spots testa- ceous, to testaceous with more or less regular dark markings, which are usually broad, confluent, and longitudinally arranged; thorax with lateral margins fine, posterior angles acute ; elytra smoother towards base than at apex ; prosternal process broad, acuminate at apex ; male with front and middle tarsi slightly thickened ; the sculpture and colour is variable, but the disparity is not sexual. Long. 73-8, lat. 4¢ mm. Common and widely distributed in running streams throughout England and Wales ; Scotland, common throughout the greater part of the country; a small dark variety occurs at Aylsham (‘T. Wood), unaccompanied by the type, but these forms are more usually found in Scotland (Braemar, &c.). ILYBIvUS, Erichson. This genus comprises upwards of thirty species, which are peculiar to Europe, North and Central Asia, Japan, and N orth America ; seven of these are British, two or three of which require some care to distinguish them. The larva of Ilybius fenestratus is figured by Schiddte (ii., Pl. vi., Fig. 9): in shape and general appearance it so closely resembles the larva of Platambus maculatus that there is hardly need of a separate description : the head is rather more quadrate, and the thorax longer and somewhat differently shaped, having the base truncate and not strongly sinuate; the seventh and eighth abdominal segments are very much 198 ADEPHAGA. [Tlybius. narrowed and cylindrical as in P, maculatus, but the eighth joint is plainly con- stricted in the middle; the claws are rather short, equal: the pupw very much resemble each other, but that of J. fenestratus is longer and more parallel-sided. I. Upper surface of a brown bronze colour plainly metallic. i. Elytra with a broad yellow lateral border . . . . . I. PULIGINOSUS, F. ii. Elytra without lateral yellow border. 1. Hind tarsi of male with the joints externally margined at their loweredge. . . . L susznevs, Er. 2. Hind tarsi of male with the joints not externally margined at their lower edge. , . . I, FenesTratvs, F II. Upper surface black with a slight bronze reflection. 1. Length 8-9 mm.; apical ventral segment of male not distinctly longitudinally rugose . . I. myxscrns, Thoms. 2. Length 13-14 mm. ; apical ventral segment of male very plainly longitudinally rugose . . . Laver, De G. III. Upper surface deep black without trace of bronze reflee- tion. 1, Length 11 mm.; male with claws of anterior tarsi toothed. . . . . I. opsourvs, Marsh. 2. Length 9 mm.; ‘male with “claws of anterior tarsi Bimpla; cy poe) ae Yor ioc coh} ‘oe Ohl Oe he ios gon oy ua) SG UMRIG ME atrUseS I. fuliginosus, F. (uliginosus, L.). Oval, rather narrow, convex, not very shiny, under side testaceous red, upper surface zneous with the head and sides of thorax more or less obscurely ferruginous; elytra with margins broadly testaceous from base almost to apex ; upper side very thickly and finely reticulate ; male with the front and middle tarsi a good deal thickened, and furnished beneath with long hairs bearing narrow palettes; last ventral segment covered with long although not deep wrinkles, and having a short raised keel in the middle ; female with alarge emargination at the apex of this segment, and in the middle @ coarse prominence or short fold. Long. 10, lat. 5 mm, Clear and running water; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. I. subeeneus, Er. Oval, convex, not elongate, under side pitchy or rufous, upper side zeneous with margins of thorax and elytra lighter ; antennz and legs red ; upper surface finely and densely reticulate, elytra with two obscure pale spots ; the body is broadest in and not behind the middle; male with the whole of the apical portion of last ventral segment covered with coarse longitudinal striz, without any trace of central keel; female with this segment appearing deeply notched at apex, with two or three wrinkles on each side; in J. jenestratus the male has a strongly developed keel, and the posterior cox are more produced towards the intermediate coxe, Long. 11}, lat. 6 mm. Very doubtful as British ; its claim to be admitted into our lists rests on a single specimen taken twenty years ago by a friend of Mr. Newman’s at Peckham; Dr, Power determined the species: it has, however, never been found since, and requires further confirmation. I. fenestratus, F. Oval, convex, under side ferruginous, upper side «neous with margins of thorax and elytra narrowly lighter, some- Tlybius. | ADEPHAGA. 199 what shiny, densely and finely reticulate; antenne red; each elytron with an elongate testaceous patch about middle near the side, which is indistinct and often obsolete ; posterior coxe almost reaching inter- mediate ones; male with anterior and intermediate tarsi furnished with more distinct palettes than the preceding species, from which it is further distinguished by characters given above: it is also of a more brassy colour than J. swbceneus, and by this is distinguished from all the other species except I. fuliginosus, which is at once known by the broad testaceous margin of the elytra. Long. 113, lat. 6 mm. Ponds, &c.; not uncommon, but rather local; Lewisham, Croydon, Woking and other places in the London district ; Walthamstow, Essex; Swansea; Soham, Cam- bridge, and fen districts generally ; Daventry ; Leominster; Stamford Bridge, York ; Northumberland district, rare ; not recorded from Scotland. I. ater, De G. Oval, very convex, black with slight metallic reflec- tion, under side pitchy ; antenne red ; legs more or less pitchy, posterior pair darkest ; upper side finely and densely reticulate, each elytron with amore or less obscure pale dash behind middle, towards sides; male with the three basal joimts of the front and middle tarsi distinctly thickened and much compressed, apical ventral segment with a keel on the middle of its hinder part, and longitudinally wrinkled on each side ; female with this segment compressed in middle, and so apparently notched at the extremity. Long. 14, lat. 7} mm. Ponds, &e.; widely distributed and, as a rule, common throughout the country ; Scotland not common, in marshes, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Tay, Solway, Clyde ; Treland, local, near Dublin. I. obscurus, Marsh. Very like the preceding, but smaller, and black without a trace of metallic reflection; the reticulation of the elytra is more obsolete at apex than in J. ater; the apical ventral seg- ment of male is only slightly rugose on each side of the raised keel (whereas in J. ater it is distinctly rugose), and the extremity of this seg- ment in the female appears less emarginate; the tarsal hairs of the male are less developed, and bear much smaller palettes. Long. 112, lat. 6 mm. Ponds, &c. ; not uncommon and widely distributed, especially in the Midlands and south-east of England ; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Clyde; Ireland, near Belfast and Armagh. I. sexdentatus, Schiddte, is a variety of this species, distinguished by the strongly dentate outer claws of intermediate tarsi of male; it has been taken at Cambridge and near Liverpool, and in other localities. I. guttiger, Gyll. Oval, convex, rather narrow, black withont trace of metallic reflection, elytra closely and finely reticulate with a small testaceous spot on each, sometimes indistinct ; antenne red, legs pitchy ; male with front and middle tarsi slightly thickened and furnished with moderately long hairs bearing minute palettes; outer claw of hind feet a good deal shorter than the inner one, somewhat 200 ADEPHAGA, [Tlyhius. thickened, with obtuse extremity; male with a short keel on the last abdominal segment and no longitudinal wrinkles; female with this segment broadly but shallowly emarginate, and in the middle a thick short projection. Long. 92, lat. 42 mm. Ponds in bogs, &e.; local; appears not to occur in the London district; Askham Bog and Strensall, Yorkshire ; Lake district ; Northumberland; Scotland, rare, Low- lands, “ Paisley, Mr. Young; ” Ireland, near Dublin. =. e@nescens, Thoms. Very like the preceding, but with a distinct eueous reflection ; it cannot, however, be satisfactorily distinguished except by the sexual characters; the apical ventral sezment of the male has a very short carina at apex and no distinct longitudinal wrinkles; the outer claw on the hind feet is very little shorter than the inner, and has the apex rather sharp; the apical ventral segment in the female is broadly and shallowly emarginate as in the preceding species, but has in the middle hardly any projection. Long. 8%, lat 45 mm. Ponds in bogs, mossy pools, &e.; local, but rather widely distributed; Wey- bridge; Woking; Esher; St. Faith’s, Norwich; Fen district, Whittlesea Mere, &e. ; Northumberland district, rare (J. Hardy) ; Scotland, scarce, Lowlands and Highlands, Tay, Dee, Solway ; Ireland, near Dublin, and also near Waterford (Power). The specimens standing in British collections under L angustior must all be referred to this species; the true Z. angustior does not appear to have occurred in Britain ; it is larger than J. enescens and rather broader than L. guttiger, and the apical segment of the male has a sharply elevated keel, and is wrinkled, with elongate coarse striz. COPELATUS, Erichson. This genus comprises upwards of one hundred species, which are widely distributed throughout the warmer parts of the world; one species only occurs in Europe, which has been included by some authors under Agabus. C. agilis, F. (Liopterus agilis, auct. oblongus, Ill., ruficollis, Schall). Oblong, moderately convex, rather shining, castaneous ; head smooth in front, strongly punctured behind, where it is more or less black ; thorax with anterior margin somewhat darker ; antennz and legs clear testaceous red; upper surface extremely finely reticulate and covered with very short strie; elytra with well marked but irregular rows of large punctures; breast and abdomen black ; in the male the short strie on the thorax have a tendency to take the form of punctures, and the front and middle tarsi are dilated. Long. 73, lat. 3}:mm. Ponds, &e. ; local, but widely distributed; London district generally; Deal; Hastings; Walthamstow ; Cambridgeshire Fens; Lincoln; Exeter; Askham Bog, York ; not found in the Northumberland district, and very doubtful as Scotch (the only record being * Raebills, Dumfriesshire, Rey. W. Little,” Murray’s Cat.) ; Ireland, near Belfast (Haliday). Rhantus. | ADEPHAGA, 201 REANTUS, Lacordaire. This genus comprises about forty known species, although there are a good many more assigned to other genera that probably belong to it ; they are widely distributed throughout the world, there being very few parts where the genus is not represented by one or more species. I. Base of thorax sinuate on each side near posterior angles ; colounblack wala. s st) seein = Te i eS Es Il. Base of thorax almost straight ; upper side more or less testaceous. i. Under side entirely testaceous . . . - - . . - R, EXOLETUS, Forst. ii. Under side wholly or partially black. 1, Thorax with a transverse dark spot on disc. A, Antenne entirely testaceous; abdomen uni- colorous black . Oe Be OC Oe ee B. Antenne with last joints ringed with black; abdomen more or less testaceous . . . . - 2. Thorax with anterior margin narrowly and poste- rior margin broadly marked with black ; first ab- dominal segment black . . . + » . - = = 3. Thorax unicolorous red, or at most with small markings on posterior margin darker; first abdo- minal segment testaceous . . . . . + . - + R. ADSPERSUS, F. R. Grapi, Gyll. R. puLvERosts, Steph. R. noratus, Berg. R, BISTRIATUS, Berg. * m. Grapii, Gyll. Oval, rather depressed, somewhat long and narrow; black, upper surface very closely and finely reticulate and rather dull; antenne and palpi testaceous; legs more or less pitchy ; margins of thorax and elytra obscurely pitchy-brown ; thorax strongly sinuate at base on each side, so that the posterior angles are produced ; internal posterior claw double as long as the external; male with the front and middle tarsi thickened and compressed with four rows of small palettes. Long. 11, lat. 5¢ mm. Ponds, &e. ; local, but not uncommon where it occurs ; London district, Lee, Birch Wood, Reigate, Forest Hill, Horsell, Woking ; Horning Fen, Norfolk ; Cambridgeshire Fens; Askham Bog, York (common at certain seasons of the year); not recorded from the extreme north of England or Scotland. This species is often confounded by beginners with Agabus bipustu- latus, and species of Ilybius ; from the former it is at once distinguished by its sculpture, and from the latter by its elongate and depressed form. R. exoletus, Forst. Oval, slightly convex ; head testaceons, with dark markings more or less distinct ; antenne testaceous, apical joints partially black ; thorax testaceous, unicolorous or with two dark spots at base touching basal margin ; elytra testaceous variegated with close and fine dark markings which are more or less confluent and cover the whole surface except margins and extreme base; upper surface very finely reticulate, elytra with more or less distinct rows of larger punctures ; legs testaceous ; male with the front tarsi rather thickened and a good deal compressed with moderately large palettes ; sculpture of the sexes identical: the species is easily distinguished by the testaceous under- side. Long. 10; lat. 55 mm. 202 ADEPHAGA. [Rhantus. Ponds, &c. ; not uncommon, although rather local; London district; Norfolk and Huntingdonshire Fens ; Swansea ; Willington, near Burton-on-Trent ; Askham Bog and Stamford Bridge, York ; Northumberland and Cumberland ; Scotland, local, but widely distributed; Ireland, Armagh. R. pulverosus, Steph. Considerably larger than the preceding ; head testaceous with dark markings ; thorax testaceous with a transverse black spot on centre of disc; elytra coloured as in &. exoletus, except that the fine dark markings are more confluent, and give the insect a more fuscous appearance ; underside black, coxal processes lighter ; antennz and front pairs of legs testaceous, posterior pair pitchy; male with the basal joints of front and middle tarsi slightly incrassate and very compressed, and furnished beneath with four rows of narrow elongate palettes. Long. 12, lat. 6} mm. Ponds, &c.; rather common in the London district, but very local elsewhere ; Hastings ; Willington, near Burton-on-Trent; it has been recorded from Exeter, Swansea, and Yorkshire, and is rare in Northumberland; very doubtful as Scotch, “ Forfarshire, Rev. W. Little, Murray’s Cat.,” being the only record. This species has an almost wider range than any other ; it reaches right across Central and Southern Europe and Asia to China and Japan, and is very abundant in Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. R. notatus, Berg. Smaller and narrower than the preceding; upper surface coloured in much the same fashion except that the dark markings are not so confluent, and are divided as a rule by very narrow irregular testaceous lines ; antenne testaceous with apex of last joints black ; legs testaceous; underside of male black, abdominal segments with hind margins and markings testaceous; of female testaceous spotted with black at the sides; male with basal joints of anterior tarsi much thickened and very little compressed, presenting a broad sole with rather large palettes. Long. 10}, lat. 5} mm. Ponds, &c.; very local; London district, not uncommon; Gravesend, Whitstable, Sheerness, Wandsworth, Reigate, Strood, Rainham; fen districts of Cambridge, Norfolk, &c.; Aberystwith ; Carlisle; Scotland, rare, Tweed, Forth, and Dee dis- tricts ; I can find no record between these localities, but the species probably occurs in Yorkshire and Northumberland. R. bistriatus, Berg. Oval, not very convex, underside black, with the prosternum, and usually the hind margins of the abdominal seg- ments reddish ; head testaceous with black markings, thorax testaceous with the anterior margin narrowly and obscurely, and the posterior margin broadly and sharply black; elytra coloured as in the preceding species, except that the markings are darker and more confluent and give the insect a blacker appearance ; antennw and legs reddish testaceous, apical joints of former partly black; male with front tarsi considerably thickened and furnished with four rows of moderately large palettes, Long. 10, lat. 53 mm. Ponds, ditches, &c.; local in England; not uncommon throughout the London district ; Hastings; Exeter; Repton, Burton-on-Trent; Norfolk and Cambridge- shire Fens ; Strensall, near York; Northumberland; Scotland, common in both Low- lands and Highlands, and widely distributed. Rhantus.] ADEPHAGA, 203 R.adspersus, F. This species superficially very closely resembles C. exoletus, being coloured like that insect on the upper side ; it is, how- ever, rather broader, more widened behind, and more plainly reticulate : it may at once be distinguished by the colour of the under side, which is black with the prosternum, first segment, and apex, and hind margins of other segments of abdomen testaceous, the breast also being reddish in the middle; male with the front tarsi considerably thickened and not much compressed with moderately large palettes underneath. Long. 93, lat. 55 mm. Very rare; has only occurred near Cambridge, where it was found in 1829 in numbers ; of late years it seems to have disappeared. Dr. Sharp in his collection has a specimen of Hydaticus leander, Rossi, given him by Mr. Crotch as a British example of R. adspersus. COLYMBETES, Clairville. This genus comprises about twenty species, which are chiefly found in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and in North America; they are nearly all over 15 mm. in length, and some reach to 18 or 20 mm. The larva and pupa of C. fuscus are figured by Schiédte (ii., Pl. ii., Fig. 6, Pl. iii., Fig. 2): the larva bears a resemblance to an elongated peg-top, like other of the Dytiscide larve, the eighth segment being very much elongated and cylindrical ; the head is rounded, narrower than prothorax, and furnished with strong simple man- dibles ; the prothorax is very large with the margins broadly explanate and somewhat reflexed ; the rest of the segments as far as the seventh, which is much constricted, are very short ; the cerci which proceed from the end of the eighth segment are rather long, thickly ciliated and terminating in long sete; the colour is pale yellow with a thin fuscous line running down the centre of the scuta and a few other darker markings at sides ; the claws are long, almost equal, slightly pectinate at base. GC. fuscus, L. Oval, rather elongate, moderately convex, underside black; head black, with front and two spots behind red; thorax fuscous with borders more or less broadly testaceous, elytra fuscous with sides testaceous ; antennz and anterior pairs of legs red with femora pitchy, posterior pair blackish; thorax finely strigose, elytra distinctly transversely reticulate, with obscure wavy striation, with irregular rows of larger punctures ; abdomen with the second segment on each side near middle with longitudinal wrinkles ; male with the basal joints of the front and middle tarsi moderately dilated and much compressed, and furnished beneath with four series of rather large, round palettes ; sculpture of sexes identical. Long. 16, lat. 8} mm. Ponds, ditches, and slowly moving streams and small rivers; common and widely distributed throughout the greater part of England, Wales, and Ireland: not so common in the north; Scotland not common, but widely distributed, and reaching as far north as the Orkney Islands. DYTISCINA. The members of this tribe are characterized by having the abdominal 204 ADEPHAGA, [ Dytiscina. stigmata of the two last segments much enlarged ; the swimming legs are comparatively slender and furnished with two nearly equal claws; in the male the three basal joints are much dilated and joined together so as to form a round disc: only two genera are comprised in the tribe, Hyderodes containing three Australian species which have no yellow margin to the elytra, and Dytzscus in which it is always present. DYTISCUS, Linné. This genus comprises about twenty species, which are peculiar to the northern parts of the Old and New Worlds, and do not reach the tropies ; the females are usually deeply suleate from the base to beyond middle, but are often dimorphic, one form resembling the male in sculpture: one of the best distinguishing characters is the shape of the apex of the process of posterior coxe ; besides the yellow marginal stripe of elytra, the clypeus is always yellow, the colour being sharply divided off from the dark colour of the front of head; in all our species the labrum is distinctly emarginate. The larva of Dytiscus marginalis is a very common object ; it has been repeatedly figured, but the best figure is by Schiddte (ii., Pl. iii., Fig. 6); it is also depicted by Westwood (Classification, i. 95, Fig. 5, 14): it is fusiform, narrowed in front and behind and broadest in the middle; the head is very large and almost orbicular, and attached to the prothorax by a distinet neck ; the mandibles are simple and very large, and furnished on the inner side towards apex with a suctorial orifice; the pro- thorax is trapezoidal, narrowed in front, and much longer than broad; the seventh and eighth abdominal segments are much constricted, cylindrical, and very long, and the eighth is terminated by two short cerci which are thickly furnished with swim- ming hairs; by means of these cerci the insect can suspend itself at the top of the water, and they are moreover organs of respiration; the legs are rather long and slender and are ciliated on the inside, so that they serve as oars; these larve are of a dirty brown colour with scattered darker markings ; they are exceedingly voracious ; during the summer the larva is said to attain its full size in about fifteen days, when it leaves the water and makes a cell in the adjoining earth, where it changes into a pupa of a whitish colour, and appears in the perfect state in a fortnight or three weeks ; it is, however, some little time before the beetle arrives at a state of maturity. The larva of Cybister Roeseli much resembles that just described, but it is longer and more slender and the cerci are entirely absent. Six species are found in Britain, which may be characterized as follows :— I. Underside black; female not dimorphic . . . . D. PuNoruLATUS, F. Il. Underside testaceous or reddish, sometimes marked with black, sometimes unicolorous. i, Apices of coxal processes acuminate; female di- morphic. 1. Coxal processes short; abdomen unicolorous 2. Coxal processes prolonged into a sharp point. A. Abdomen with black markings. a. Head without yellow border round eyes b. Head with broad yellow border round eyes B. Abdomen unicolorous; head with a narrow yellow border roundeyes . . 2 + «© + ii. Coxal processes quite blunt ; female not dimorphic 7) . MARGINALIS, L. . CIRCUMFLEXtsS, F. . LAPPONICUS, Gyll. . crrcumMcrINeTUs, Afr. . DIMIDIATUS, Berg. yo YY D. punctulatus, F. Pitchy black above and beneath with sides Dytiscus. | ADEPHAGA, 205 of thorax and elytra yellow, antenn red; legs pitchy black; prosternal process elongate, rather acuminate ; coxal processes rounded; elytra with a longitudinal impression behind middle; male shining, female duil, more closely punctured, deeply sulcate from base to beyond middle. Long. 27-29, lat. 13-14 mm. Ponds and slowly running streams ; widely distributed and not uncommon through- out England and Wales; Scotland, local and not common but widely distributed. Treland, near Belfast and Dublin. D. marginalis, L. (9 var. = conformis, Kunze). Olive black above with the margins of elytra and the whole border of thorax yellow, tes- taceous beneath with the metasternum dark in the middle, antenne and legs red, posterior pair more or less pitchy ; prosternal process broad not elongate, coxal processes short, rather acuminate ; male shining, female dimorphic either sulcate and dull, or as in male except that the elytra are more closely punctured towards apex ; size variable. Long. 26-34, lat. 16-18 mm. By far the commonest of our species; found in ponds and pools throughout the kingdom : it ranges across Northern Europe and Asia to Japan and North America. D. circumflexus, F. (9 var. = perplecus, Lac.). Rather elongate ; upper side olivaceous, sometimes greenish, with margins of elytra and the whole border of thorax yellow; scutellum yellowish ; under side testa- ceous marked with black ; antennz and legs red, posterior pair more or less pitchy; prosternal process rather elongate; coxal processes very long, narrow, and sharp; male shining, female dimorphie, sulcate and dull, or as in male except that the elytra are more punctured towards apex. Long. 28-35, lat. 16-17 mm. Not common; found chiefly in the London district; Lee; Peckham, Lewisham, Norwood, Camberwell, Battersea, Red Hill, Sheerness; formerly recorded from Swansea and from Lawrence Waltham, Berks; it is chiefly a South European species, D. circumcinctus, Ahr. (?-var. = dubius, Gyll.). Upper side blackish or olivaceous with the margins of elytra and the whole border of thorax yellow or yellowish red, under side testaceous, with meta- sternum dark in middle, antenne and legs red, posterior tarsi pitchy ; prosternal] process broad, not elongate ; coxal processes narrow and acu- minate, but not much prolonged ; male shining, female dimorphic, sul- cate and dull, or as in male, but with the elytra more strongly punctured towards apex: very like D. marginalis, but distinguished by the acute coxal processes, and the narrow yellow border round eyes ; the punctua- tion also on the thorax of the sulcate females is finer; in Dr. Power’s collection there is a female that comes between the two forms, the sulci being only rudimentary but distinctly traceable. Long. 32, lat. 16 mm. Rare; Cambridge Fens (Whittlesea Mere, Wicken Fen, &c.) ; Deal; Eastbourne ; Asklam Bog, York ; it is found in North America. D. lapponicus, Gyll. (2 var. = septentrionalis, Gyll). Upper sur- 206 ADEPHAGA, [Dytiscus. face pitchy with the margins of elytra and the whole border of thorax yellow, scutellum yellowish, elytra with very fine yellow longitudinal lines which are sometimes plain, sometimes almost obsolete ; under side testaceous with the sides of abdomen spotted with black; antenne and legs testaceous ; prosternal process short ; coxal processes elongate and acuminate ; male shining with elytra strongly punctured towards apex, female dimorphic, suleate and dull, or as in male except that the thorax is more closely and finely punctured in the middle. Long. 25-28, lat. 14-15 mm. Very local, but sometimes not uncommon where it occurs; found in Highland lakes in Scotland in the Moray, Clyde, and Argyle districts; it is not uncommon in Mull; Ireland, Donegal, in tarns ; taken in some numbers by Mr, Somerville. D. dimidiatus, Berg. The largest of our species, and at once dis- tinguished from all the others except D. punctulatus by having only the side margins of the thorax broadly yellow ; with the latter species it need hardly be compared, being a great deal larger and having the under- side ferruginous with the metasternum pitchy in the middle; the elytra are somewhat widened behind ; the thorax has a very narrow light border in front; antenne and legs red, posterior tarsi black ; prosternal process rather elongate, acuminate ; coxal processes blunt; male shining, female always sulcate, the sulci reaching hardly beyond middle. Long. 32-87, lat. 17-18 mm. This species used to be locally abundant in the Cambridgeshire and other fens, but of late years has become exceedingly rare: the last specimen taken in Britain was found three or four years ago in Askham Bog, York, by the Rey. W. C. Hey. In Dr. Power's collection there is a specimen of Cybister Roeseli labelled as follows: “ Found Sept. 30th, 1826, in a puddle at Walton, Essex, by J. Dane, Esq., who gave it to H. Griesbach, from whose col- lection it came ; this is the specimen alluded to by J. F. Stephens on which it was introduced;” this species cannot be admitted into our lists without further confirmation, but there is no reason why it should not occur, as it is found in Northern France and Belgium, and other species that have long been erased from our lists have been confirmed afterwards (ce. g. Harpalus calceatus, found by myself at Bridlington after an interval of more than fifty years). C. Roeseli resembles a large Dytiscus, but is much more depressed, and has the elytra widened behind ; the sides of the thorax are testaceous, and the elytra have a broad light band near margin attenuated towards apex and separate from the side margin ; the body underneath is testaceous. Long. 34, lat. 18; mm. HYDATICINA. This tribe comprises two genera, one, Prodaticus, from India, con- taining one species, and the other Hydaticus, which is distinguished by the very unequal claws of the posterior tarsi. Hydaticus. } ADEPHAGA, 207 HYDATICUS, Leach. About fifty species are contained in this genus (and probably a good many others now referred to other genera); they are widely distributed over the world both in the northern and southern hemispheres: two of these are British ; they may easily be distinguished as follows :— 1. Elytra with a transverse yellow band just before base . H.TRANSVERSALIS, Berg. 2. Elytra without transverse band . . .. . . . . H.SEMINIGER, De G. H. transversalis, Berg. Oval, rather broad, under side pitchy with prosternum and middle of head testaceous ; upper side black with the head red in front and with two red spots on vertex ; thorax broadly red in front and at sides; elytra with margins broadly testaceous with irregular and interrupted dark thin bands on the light portion, and also with a testaceous transverse band on each near base; anterior pairs of legs red, posterior pair pitchy; antenne red; male with front tarsi moderately large, dilated joints forming a round disc and furnished with suckers. Long. 13, lat. 7 mm. Ponds, &c.; not common; London district, Battersea Fields (Stephens) ; Norfolk ; Quy Fen and Wicken Fen, Cambridge; Whittlesea Mere; Swansea ; Devonshire (?) ; Askham bog, scarce, but found occasionally ; Mr. Hey sent me a pair taken this year (May 1885); it was last found there in Sept. 1881. H. seminiger, De G. (Hybneri, Fab.). Very like the preceding but broader with no transverse band at the base of the elytra; antenne and anterior pairs of legs red, intermediate tibie pitchy, posterior legs pitchy ; female with the black colour on thorax often more extensive than in the male, and sometimes reaching front margin. Long. 13, lat. 73 mm, Ponds, &e.; not common; London district, very local, but occasionally found in some numbers ; Lee, Earlswood; in the former locality Dr. Power once took eighty specimens in one day; Whittlesea Mere; Yaxley Fen; Wicken Fen; Askham Bog (rare); recorded formerly from Shropshire. THERMONECTINA. In this tribe the suture between the metathoracic episternum and the wing of the metasternum is curved ; the spurs of the hind tibiz under a high magnifying power are distinctly emarginate at apex: the tribe contains six genera, of which two are British: these may be distinguished as follows :— 1. Hlytra closely and strongly punctate ; female always sulcate GM OWL EPECIES se) 5s) hey wh we ms) «8 os op AOLDLUS; Leachs 2. Elytra very finely punctate, apparently smooth ; female not BUICHEGIE REECE chevy vel cidah Kony Mareen - . GRAPHODERES, Esch, ACILIUS, Leach. This genus as constituted by Dr. Sharp (who separates off a number of the species under Thermonectes, Esch.) contains six species, which are peculiar to Europe and North America, 208 ADEPHAGA, [Acilius. The larva of Acilius sulcatus is figured by Schiélte (ii., Pl. iv., Fig. 1), and also by Westwood (Classification, i., p. 100, Fig. 6,4): it is elongate, broadest in the middle and strongly narrowed in front and behind; the head is oblong ovate, longer than broad, and the prothorax is very long, somewhat constricted in the middle and widened towards base ; the remaining segments of the body are short until the seventh, which with the eighth becomes narrowed and cylindrical to apex of the body, which ends in a blunt point from which proceed two short cerci: these are bare, but the sides a the seventh and eight segments are furnished with a thick swimming fringe or cilia ; the colour is yellowish with the head and dorsal seuta rather darker; the head bears several dark spots (notably a large triangular one on clypeus), and the hind portions of the segments of thorax and abdomen are fuscous, so that the insect appears banded ; the legs are long, thickly provided throughout with swimming hairs on their upper and under surface, and terminating in short equal claws. Westwood (1. ce. p. 101) observes that ‘‘the neck is generally bent downwards and the head turned rather upwards, the parts of the mouth having also the latter direction, so that the animal has the appearance of a small snake: it is extremely insidious in its attacks, the position of the head and neck inducing it to seize objects above rather than in front of it; so that when an object is perceived floating on the surface of the water the larva rises very cautiously until it has nearly reached it, when, by a sudden jerk of the neck, it seizes the object with its jaws, and immediately drags it under water ; if it still struggle, the larva endeavours to despatch it by repeated jerkings of the head. When in the water they may constantly be perceived jerking themselves in every direction, probably for the purpose of seizing upon minute insects.” 1. Posterior femora with base spotted with black . . . . A.suLoatus, Z. 2. Posterior femora without black markings . . . . . . A. Fasoratus, De G. A. sulcatus, L. Broad oval, upper surface depressed, elytra broadest behind middle, head and thorax testaceous, the former with two distinct markings, and vertex, dark, the latter with two transverse black bands across dise which are usually united at the sides by two parallel bands ; elytra fuscous testaceous, sprinkled with very fine and close black markings, side margins light, the whole surface distinctly and closely punctured ; underside black, prosternum and apex of abdo- men testaceous; sides and margins of abdominal segments marked with yellow ; anterior pairs of legs testaceous ; base of hind femora and hind tibie and tarsi dark ; antennz very long and thin, testaceous, with apex of last joints somewhat fuscous ; male with upper surface closely punc- tured and dull, but not suleate ; elytra of female deeply suleate almost to apex, thorax with a shallow depression on each side, the sulci and depressions clothed with long yellowish hairs ; the three basal joints of the male tarsi are greatly dilated, and bear one very large cupule and two very small ones. Long. 16, lat. 10 mm. Ponds and ditches; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom; the Scotch variety (var. Scoticus, Curtis) has the elytra and sometimes the whole upper surface almost entirely black, and the legs more or less pitchy: it appears to be only a melanic variety, such as is very common among the Scotch Lepidoptera. A. fasciatus, De G. (canaliculatus, Nic.). Very like the preceding but rather smaller and narrower; the head is somewhat differently coloured, the anterior of the black markings being absent ; the black colour is less developed on the ventral segments, and the hind legs are Acilius.] ADEPHAGA. 209 entirely rufescent without the dark markings at the base of femora; in the female the pubescence at sides of thorax is almost, if not quite, absent, and the third furrow is narrower; the underside is sometimes entirely testaceous. Long. 154, lat. 9} mm. Ponds and ditches; local and much less common than the preceding ; London district, Earlswood (Brewer) and Reigate (Linnell); Whittlesea Mere; Huntingdon- shire Fens; Scotland, scarce, Lowlands, Forth, Solway, Clyde, and Moray districts ; Fife, and Polmont near Glasgow (Power). GRAPHODERES, Eschscholtz. This genus contains about a dozen species from Europe, Northern Asia, North America, and Japan; our single British species has been long included under Hydaticus, but apart from other differences it may be distinguished by having the claws of posterior tarsi equal, whereas in Hydaticus they are very unequal. G. cinereus, L. Oval, rather broad and convex, shining; head and thorax reddish testaceous, the former with the vertex and other markings black, the latter with two more or less broad black bands on anterior and posterior margins, which are distinct and well marked and reach the front and hind borders, but not the sides; elytra apparently black with very fine and small scattered testaceous markings ; margins and a thin line near suture testaceous ; underside and legs reddish testaceous ; male with front tarsi strongly dilated and furnished with three larger and a number of smaller cupules, thorax rather longer than in the female ; sculpture of the elytra identical in the sexes. Long. 143, lat. 8} mm. One of the rarest of the British Dytiscidew; it has not been found for many years ; in former years it occurred in the Cambridge and Huntingdonshire Fens, and used to be taken by Dr. Power and other collectors. GYRINIDZ. This family is one of the most distinct of the whole order of Coleoptera ; it is so anomalous in many points that it might be with reason formed into a sub-order;* its position, however, is a matter of some difficulty ; it is almost universally classed with the Adephaga, but it is by no means certain that it can be retained in this connection; at the same time it must be admitted that several of the characters in which its members differ most widely from the Carabide and Dytiscidz are reproduced in individual members of those families, and it is at all events plain that the Gyrinide, if separated from the Adephaga, must be regarded as finding in them their nearest allies; the chief differences are as follows :— Ist. The mouth parts of the Gyrinide differ very widely from those of the Carabide ; the broad blunt mandibles resemble those of certain * Having equivalent value with the Adephaga. 210 ADEPHAGA. [Gyrinide. of the Phytophaga, and seem to point to a partially vegetable diet; the lower mouth organs are only slightly of the predaceous type; the sharp sickle-like maxilla seem certainly predaceous, but they have the outer lobe always undivided, and occasionally (¢.g. Dineutes) entirely wanting ; the former peculiarity, however, is found among the Carabide in Cadlistus (vide p. 32). 2nd. =. Gyrinide possess a pair of eyes on each side of the head, on the upper and lower surface ; this appears to be a development caused by their habits, as they swim on the surface of the water, and so require to be on their guard against enemies both from above and below; this peculiarity however, according to Dr. Sharp (Ent. Mo. Mag. v. 52), is repeated in one of the Carabidee, Adelotopus, which is found under bark of trees, and seems to have no need, as far as we can judge, of such an arrangement. 3rd. The antenne are quite different from those of the Adephaga generally, being very short and thick, with the first joint small, the second large and dilated, the third large and inserted at the side of the second, and the rest very much compressed and so soldered together that it is difficult to determine of how many joints they really consist; in many respects they resemble the antenne of the Parnide. 4th. The structure of the legs is entirely different ; both the posterior and middle pairs are modified so as to form swimming paddles, and are arranged so that they can be packed away underneath the surface of the body and offer not the least resistance to rapid motion, while by thrusting out the one or the other leg the insect can at once change its course ; hence their rapid motions on the surface of the water; in the Dytiscide the hinder pairs only are modified. 5th. In the members of the Adephagous series generally five ventral segments are visible extending right across the body, a sixth being visible only on each side; in the Gyrinide, however (as shown by Dr. Horn, Carabidx, p. 93), the first segment is very long, and is composed of two segments united, the rudiments of the suture being distinctly visible ; they have, therefore, six ventral segments reaching across the body, and a seventh visible only on each side. The Gyrinidz bear a strong external resemblance to the Pseudomor- phina, one of the most aberrant of the Carabidee, but it is merely super- ficial; the peculiarity of Adelotopus, which belongs to these, has been before alluded to; they are connected with the Dytiscide by the entire absence of the ante-coxal piece before the hind cox, which is large and distinct, and reaches across the greater part of the body in the Carabide and Haliplidw, is very small in the Amphizoide and Pelobiide, and entirely wanting in the Dytiscide and Gyrinide. Dr. Horn is strongly of opinion that in spite of all that may be urged to the contrary the Gyrinide must be retained in connection with the Adephaga ; Dr. Sharp (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, i. 69) is inclined to hold the contrary opinion ; Thomson (Skand. Col. i. 113) places them with the Parnidz and Elmide in his group Amphibii between the Palpicornia Gyrinide.] ADEPHAGA. 211 and the Brachelytra ; the question must be left an open one, but for the present it seems best, considering the evidence, not to separate them from the*Adephaga ; it is quite probable, when we remember the com- paratively recent discovery of Amphizoa by Mr. Matthews, that further connecting links may be discovered which will settle the question ; no series can be stamped once for all as finally completed ; the Paussidze among the Clavicornia show some strong affinities with the Adephaga, and in other families more or lest distant relations with the same series may be observed. The chief work on the group is the ‘‘ Monographie des Gyrinide,” by M. Régimbart, published in the Annales de la Soc. Ent. Fr. for 1882-83 ; as there constituted, the Gyrinide contain nine genera and about two hundred and seventy species ; two of these genera occur in Europe, both of which are British; they may be distinguished as follows :— 1. Labrum transverse, not prominent; upper surface not pubescent, punctured in rows; last abdominal segment rounded and depressed . . . . « 3 « «© «© «© « 2. Labrum semicircular, projecting; upper surface with thick short pubescence, irregularly punctured; last abdominal segment elongate and not depressed . . . . Onxctocuitus, Lac. GyRinus, Geoff. GYRINUS, Geoffroy. About seventy species are contained in this genus, which are widely distributed throughout the world ; they are usually found in large groups on the surface of the water, on which they move very swiftly, so swiftly in fact, that, when disturbed, the eye can hardly follow their motions ; on the approach of danger they usually dive below the surface, but soon reappear ; they are among the most familiar of the Coleoptera to the ordinary observer, and are commonly known by the name of “ whirli- gigs” or “steel-coats;” they have in most instances the power of secreting a milky fluid with a disagreeable odour of apples; they are usually of a brilliant bluish-black or steel-black colour above with the rows of punctures reflecting a bright brassy tint ; some species, however, are duller, and the females, as a general rule, are duller and larger than the males ; the males have the whole of the five joints of the anterior tarsi dilated and furnished beneath with a large number of little round transparent suckers (about fifty on each joint) which form a very beau- tiful object under the microscope ; the Gyrinide, like the Dytiscide, have ample wings, and can fly from one spot to another, when their native pools dry up; hence their sudden appearance on newly formed pools and puddles. The larva of Gyrinus is as curious as the insect itself; it is figured in Westwood’s Classification, vol. i., p. 100, Fig. 6, 18, and also by Schiodte, Nat. Tids. i., Pl. iii., Fig. 1: it is chiefly remarkable for the long slender, transparent and membranous filaments which arise from each side of the nine abdominal segments, the terminal joint being furnished with two pairs, and the eight preceding with one pair each ; they are fringed with hairs, and are employed as organs of respiration ; the larvaas a whole is long, narrow and compressed, and resembles closely a small centipede; it is whitish, P 2 212 ADEPHAGA, [Gyrinus. with the corneous parts pale yellowish; the head is oval, rather elongate, furnished with two strong jaws, and two short and thin 4-jointed antennz ; the three anterior segments of the body bear each of them a pair of rather slender legs about equal in length to the appendages above referred to; the eggs are laid on aquatic plants; they hatch in about eight days; when the larva ‘has attained its full size it creeps out of the water and spins a whitish cocoon on the stems of rushes or other aquatic plants ; in about a month the perfect insect emerges, and immediately returns to the water; the cocoons of Orectochilus have been found beneath willow bark a yard from the edge of a river and two feet above the ground ; this species in the perfect state affects logs and submerged timber much more than Gyrinus. Some of our British species of Gy yrinus are very hard to distinguish, and it seems to be in several cases a matter of opinion whether they are regarded as species or as varieties; all students of the group should read Dr. Sharp’s excellent monograph ‘On the British Gyrinidz ” in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, v. 52; several of his views there expressed he has since modified; the arrangement below appears to represent the present state of our knowledge on the subject, but must in one or two cases be regarded as provisional. Tt will be noticed that one of the most important characters on which the species is separated is the colour of the epipleurz or reflexed margins of the elytra; care must, however, be taken to see that the specimens examined are mature, and they should be turned upon their backs and looked at from above; if viewed sideways when mounted on card the reflection from the card and the red legs is quite sufficient to cause the shining bronze margins of the marinus group to appear reddish; in immature specimens also they have a reddish tint, but this is quite different from the clear red colour of the natator group. 1 oe surface entirely red. . Seutellam with a small keel-like peaeesind ihe unicolorous; length4mm. . . . G. minovtts, F. . Scutellum without projection ; punctures | of ee usually situated on more or less distinct metallic lines; length 6-7 mm. . . . G. wrrnator, Jil, II. Under surface either entirely dark, or (in some varieties) partially red. i. Reflexed margins of elytra red. 1. Form elongate more or less parallel-sided ; length 5-7} mm. A. Apex of elytra transversely truncate with the external Ee ae marked ; length 5-64 mm... . vite aloe el wt ws, OG: RnONGATHS; ANE: (distinctus, Sharp). BR. Apex of elytra truncate in a curve with the external angle not marked ; length 6-7} mm. G. BrcoLor, Payk. 2. Form oval; length 5-6 mm. A. Interstices of elytra and upper surface of head and thorax covered with fine punctures OY eI 5. pte ke ee, Eke SE GRROIE. ten, (v. colymbus, Sharp's Cat.). B. Interstices of elytra smooth; punctures and margins more or less brassy . . . . G. NaTaToR, Scop. ii. Reflexed margins of elytra pitchy red; punctures not brassy ; interstices of elytra smooth ; length me mms Ws . « G. Surrrrant, Scriba. Reflexed margins of ely tra bronze ; ; interstices of elytra finely punctured, Gyrinus. | ADEPHAGA, 213 1. Elytral rows of punctures scarcely finer towardssuture . . . .. . +. « - ~~. . G. MARINUS, Gy/l. 2. Elytral rows of punctures much finer towards SUtUre. shia te ew ls ih ol Ua lye) Gor MEARINUS va opacus, oahl G. minutus, F. The smallest and one of the most distinct of the British species ; oblong-ovate, rather convex, of a bluish-black colour with the sides of the body and front of the head usually metallic ; upper surface densely and finely coriaceous, so that the insect appears rather dull; scutellum with a well-marked carina at base which at once distinguishes the species ; elytra strongly and equally punctate-striate, the outer strie a little more marked than the inner ones, underside including the inflexed margin of the elytra entirely reddish: sometimes the basal segments of the abdomen are a little clouded with a darker colour. Long. 33-43, lat. 2-25 mm. Local and rare in England and Wales; formerly recorded from Swansea ; Barmouth (Blatch); Northumberland, not common (Bold); Scotland, local but sometimes abundant where it occurs, and widely distributed in both Lowlands and Highlands in the Tweed, Forth, Solway, Clyde, Tay, Dee and Moray districts, and probably further north. Ireland near Belfast, and abundant locally in Donegal. G. urinator, Ill. (dineatus, Steph.). Much larger than the pre- ceding, ovate, broad, and shining; head with the front part brassy and dull, the vertex black and shining; thorax shining with margins metallic, with a long transverse impressed line across centre of disc, and besides this a shorter one on each side ; elytra finely punctate-striate, the punc- tures being almost obliterated except at sides and apex, shining black, brassy at sides and suture, and more or less distinctly along the course of the striz ; under surface including the inflexed margins of the elytra reddish testaceous. Long. 6-7, lat. 31-32 mm. Very local; recorded by Stephens from Slapton Ley near Dartmouth, but this appears to have been in error, as it has not occurred there since, although, as being a south European species, we might expect to find it in the south of England rather than in the north; the only locality appears to be the Duabon (Ouseburn) near Newcastle-on- Tyne, where Mr. Bold has taken it in some numbers; I have a record from Strathglass, Scotland, but, as I have not seen the specimens, I cannot be certain of this locality.* G. elongatus, Aubé (distinctus, Sharp). Oblong-ovate, more or less parallel-sided, upper side bluish black, shining, the sides brassy ; elytra punctate-striate, all the rows of punctures well marked, the inner however being somewhat finer than the outer especially towards the base ; apex of elytra sharply truncate with the external angle well marked ; legs and reflexed margins of elytra always, and mesosternum and extremity of abdomen usually, red. Long. 5-63, lat. 23-34 mm. Local but not uncommon in many parts of the country in both fresh and brackish water; Deal; Gravesend; Whitstable; Harwich; Brighton; Bournemouth; Wey- mouth; Birchington, near Ramsgate; Wicken Fen; Norfolk ; Suffolk; Devonshire ; Cannock Chase ; Northumberland ; Scotland, scarce, Forth and Clyde districts. * Since writing the above I have heard from Mr. Gillo of Bath that he has taken this species abundantly in the neighbourhood of that town. 214 ADEPHAGA. [Gyrinus. G. bicolor, Payk. Very like the preceding but more elongate, and on an average larger, with the sides more parallel, and the elytra longer with their apices more rounded, so that the external angle is not marked ; according to M. Bedel the mesosternum is always black in this species and red in G. distinctus, but this appears to be a variable character, and cannot be relied on. Long. 6-75, lat. 25-34 mm. Rare ; most of the specimens standing under this name in our collections belong to the preceding species ; it has been taken in Durham, and also at Horning Fen; it has also been recorded from Swansea, Exmouth, Weymouth, Gravesend and Liverpool, but all these localities are doubtful; in a long series of G. distinefus so many varia- tions occur that it is probable that this species may be only an extreme variety of that insect, although in itself it seems very distinct by reason of its elongate and laterally compressed form; specimens, however, of undoubted G. distinefus occur which present this same peculiarity of form, although as a rule that species appears to be more oval and less elongate than G. bicolor. G. colymbus, Er. (G. caspius, Mén., 1833, Cat. rais. p. 142 ; Aubé, Icon. v. p. 386, pl. 44, spec. p. 679 ; distinctus, Aubé, Icon. v. p. 385, pl. 43, spec. p. 366 ; colymbus, Er., 1837, Kaf. Mark. i. p. 191; Lbanus, Aubé, 1838, spec. p. 667). As there is so much confusion over this species, and as in the latest European catalogue (Heyden-Reitter-Weise, p. 32, 1883) G: caspius, Mén., and G. colymbus, Ey., are given as separate species, although in- cluded together, as in the above synonymy, by M. Régimbart in his monograph of the same date (1883), I have thought it best to give a translation of his description :— “A very variable species, of rather long oval shape, never parallel, generally a little contracted behind ; upper surface shining, black, with bluish, or sometimes slightly greenish reflections, broadly and strongly bronzed on the sides; underside black, with the mesosternum and the anal segment obscurely ferruginous, often almost black. Elytra covered with a rather fine punctuation, sometimes thick and rather strongly impressed, sometimes more diffuse and obsolete ; sometimes even the points take the form of very short transverse striole ; these variations in the punctuation are independent of sex and locality. The truncation of the apex of elytra is a little oblique and slightly rounded, with the external angle obtuse and more or less rounded, and the internal almost a right angle narrowly rounded ; the punctures of the series on the elytra are rather dull, rarely of a moderate size, set somewhat widely apart, and rather stronger externally ; the border is narrow and terminated a little behind the external angle.” Long. 5}—7, lat. 3-4 mm. The descriptions of G. colymbus and G. caspius as given by most authors in many points so closely resemble one another that it is no wonder that a confusion has arisen; there seem, however, to be three forms, one with the interstices smooth, the second with the interstices plainly punctured if magnified, and the third with the interstices covered with distinct and rather strong transverse striw. Aubé distinctly says of his caspius that it has the interstices smooth, and Kiesenwetter (Insect. Gyrinus. | ADEPHAGA. 215 Detitsch. Dytiscide, &c., p..140) makes no mention of any punctuation of the interstices of G. caspius, whereas (p. 141) he expressly says of G. colymbus that the interstices in both sexes are very finely, but under a strong magnifying power distinctly punctured. I have before me a specimen of Dr. Sharp’s from Stony Stratford labelled Gyrinus colymbus fide Régimbart = caspius mihi: as the interstices are evidently, although very finely, punctured, this is probably the true G. colymbus, Er. ; there remains, however, the third form with the interstices covered with distinct striz : as will be seen by the description above, M. Régimbart considers this a mere variety of caspius; Dr. Sharp in his last catalogue gives it as v. colymbus, Shp., of colymbus, Ex., and considers caspius as synony- mous with colymbus. The striolate form appears, however, to be very distinct, in fact considerably more distinct than several other of the species ; I propose therefore to name it G. striolatus; the following is the description :— Ovate, not very convex, above bluish black, slightly shining, the elytra punctate-striate, the internal strie rather finer than the outer; the inter- stices of elytra and the upper surface of head and thorax are closely covered with short transverse striz, which are very distinct; underside black, margins of thorax and elytra and legs (including the claws), breast, and extremity of abdomen rufo testaceous. Long. 6-7, lat. 31-4 mm. The insect in size and form resembles G'. marinus, but is distinguished from that species by the red reflexed margins of elytra, red claws, and peculiar sculpture. Six specimens originally in Mr. Crotch’s collection, locality unknown. If any weight at all is to be allowed to sculpture, I feel convinced that this species must be allowed to stand; if, however, it should still be regarded as a variety, I think that the variety requires a distinct name. It seems doubtful whether the type caspius form is found in Britain. G. natator, Scop. Ovate, convex, upper side bluish-black with the sides brassy ; elytra punctate-striate, the internal strie much fainter than the external ; under side black, with the margins of the elytra and the legs red, or reddish testaceous; sometimes the breast and apex of abdomen are red (var. substriatus, Steph.). Long. 5-63, lat. 23-3} mm. Of this species there are two well-marked forms, which have been regarded by some authors as distinct; they are, however, connected by intermediate forms possessing characters of each ; they may be described as follows :— 1. G. mergus, Ahr. Broad, not so much narrowed before and behind, the inner striz evidently finer than the outer, especially towards the suture, but always distinct and perceptible for their whole length. Very common in England especially in the south, but does not occur in Scotland. 216 ADEPHAGA. [ Gyrinus. 2. G natator. . Narrower, the sides more rounded, and the internal strize very obsolete or entirely wanting towards the base of the elytra. Common in Scotland, but rarer further south (Cambridge, &c.) ; at Deal a form occurs with the form of zafafor and the punctuation of mergus. Dark dull forms of the species are occasionally found ; in one form or another it is one of the most abundant and common beetles throughout the kingdom. G. Suffriani, Scriba. This species is rather closely allied to G. natator, but is much smaller than the average specimens of that insect, and may be distinguished by the punctured strie of the elytra not be- coming finer towards suture on disc; the reflexed margin of the elytra is pitchy and not clear red, and the punctures on the elytra are not brassy ; the apex of elytra is truncate almost in a straight line; accord- ing to M. Bedel G. natator has the apex of elytra not raised and marked with a series of punctures placed transversely, whereas in G. Suffriant this series is obsolete and the apex is raised; this does not, however, appear to be a constant or reliable character. Long. 43-5, lat. 3 mm. Rare; Horning Fen, Norfolk ; Wicken Fen ; Sandwich ; Scotland, Dumfries. G. marinus, Gyll. Ovate, not very convex, upper side bluish black, shining, the sides brassy, the elytra strongly punctate-striate, the internal striz being almost uniform in strength with the outer ; punctures deep especially towards apex, where the interstices are somewhat convex ; under side, including reflexed margins of elytra, brassy black; legs (except claws) red; male shining with interstices obsoletely punctured, female rather dull with interstices thickly punctured. Long. 5-7, lat. 22-34 mm. Local but rather common in England both near the coast, in brackish water, and inland, and widely distributed from Northumberland to Devonshire; it is found in the midland districts; in Scotland the variety only occurs; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin, and probably common. V. opacus, Sahl. This variety, which by some authors is considered distinct, differs from the type in being on the average considerably smaller, and in having the striw on the elytra finer, especially the inner ones: a form oceurs in which the upper surface is altogether dull and opaque. Long. 42-6, lat. 23-3 mm. Local in England; Tottenham ; West Drayton; Woking; Bishops Wood ; Horning Fen ; Stony Stratford; Beverley; Northumberland; it is not found, apparently, in the south. Scotland, common in both Lowlands and Highlands, Forth, Tay, Dee, Solway, and Clyde districts. The dull variety resembles @. minudus, in company with which Dr. Sharp found it at Invereannich, Inverness-shire, ORECTOCHILUS, Lacordaire This genus contains about thirty-five species, which are chiefly found in the East Indies and Africa; they are, as a rule, nocturnal in their Orectochilus. | ADEPHAGA. 217 habits, but not universally ; they are always found on clear or running water ; one species only is European. The larva of O. villosus is figured by Schiddte (ii., Pl. vii., Fig. 1) : it very closely resembles that of Gyrinus marinus described above; it is, however, a little stouter, and the segments are somewhat differently shaped, being not so much narrowed behind ; the ciliated appendages attached to the sides of the segments are considerably shorter and rather broader; the legs are somewhat longer and the claws stouter ; the prothoracie scutum is broader and more darkly coloured, and the head is more oblong with the ocelli less prominent. O. villosus, Miiller. Oblong, rather narrow, very convex, rather shining, of a fuscous colour, the upper surface covered with fine yellowish-grey pubescence, and irregularly punctured ; underside pitch- black; extreme margins of sides, under surface of body including reflexed margins of elytra, and legs, reddish testaceous. Long. 53-6, lat. 22 mm. Local but widely distributed and not uncommon ; it conceals itself under the banks or in half-submerged logs, &e., by day, and comes out at night; Dr. Sharp says that he has seen it gyrating by moonlight on Loch Ken in Galloway. London district, Lewisham, Red Hill, &c.; Norfolk; Wicken Fen; Dartmoor; Swansea; Midland districts, common, Bewdley, Tewkesbury, Alcester, river Dove near Burton-on-Trent, &c.; Yorkshire ; Northumberland and Durham district. Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Solway, Clyde. Ireland, near Dublin. CLAVICORNIA. This division, which includes a large number of families, must be considered as more or less artificial, and as adopted for the sake of con- venience, rather than as being scientifically accurate: as Dr. Horn observes (Classif. Col. North America, p. xxx) the Clavicorn and Serri- corn series present ‘‘so many exceptional cases that it is very hard to define their members ; in the Clavicorn series the tarsal system has its feeblest value, as every possible variation exists from the pentamerous to the monomerous ; as a general rule, in doubtful cases, any departure from the pentamerous tarsal structure is an indication of Clavicorn relationship.” Dr. Sharp prefers to drop these large and somewhat anomalous divisions, and to retain the families only ; this is perhaps more scientifically correct, but the retention of the large divisions, as long as it is remembered that they are more or less artificial, presents many points of advantage to the general student. HYDROPHILIDE. This family is made up of two distinct sub-families, the Hydrophilinz and the Spheridiine ; both these in the perfect state feed on decom- posing vegetable matter, but the former is composed exclusively of water-frequenting insects, while the species belonging to the latter, although in some cases found in damp and marshy localities, are essen- tially land insects, and occur in heaps of decaying vegetable rubbish, the 218 HYDROPHILIDE. [ Hydrophilide. dung of herbivorous animals, &e. ; the term Palpicornia is perhaps more suitable for the group than the names Hydrophilide or Philhydrida by which it is usually known, the chief distinguishing mark being the development of the maxillary palpi; these in many instances are several times longer than the antenne, which are very short in the majority of the Hydrophiline; in the Spheridiinz the disproportion is not so marked ; as, however, the family cannot be separated from the Clavicornia, the term Palpicornia causes confusion. It is a curious fact that the larvee of the Hydrophiline, at all events as a general rule, are carnivorous and eminently predaceons, even devouring one another, if other animal food fails them, as I have observed in the case of the larve of Spercheus ; they form, therefore, a rather strong connecting link between the carnivorous Coleoptera and the purely vegetable feeders ; the Hydrophilide asa rule, with the exception of the Helo- phorina and their allies, are of an oval convex form, sometimes hemispherical, and often very shining; the elytra are sometimes striate, sometimes possess only a sutural stria, and occasionally this too is wanting; in the species with smooth elytra there are generally three irregular rows of punctures on each elytron as in the Dytiscide ; the palpi are four-jointed, the antennz are made up (perhaps only apparently) of not more than from six to nine joints, and terminate, as a rule, in a three-jointed club ; the number of free ventral segments of the abdomen varies from five to seven; the tarsi are all five-jointed (except in the genera Hydrocombus and Cymbiodyta, in which the middle and hinder tarsi are truly four-jointed), with claws furnished with a small basal tooth : the relative difference in the length of the tarsal joints affords a valuable character for the separation of the tribes ; this character, however, as used in separating the two sub-families Hydrophiline and Speridiing is quite untenable if applied to the exotic species ; in our limited fauna it holds good. The Hydrophilide, as remarked by Dr. Sharp (Biol. Cent. Am. Hydrophilide, p. 53), will probably become a family of even greater extent and importance than the Dytiscide ; for the last-named family is rich in species in the more frigid portions of the earth’s surface, while this is not the case with the Hydrophilide, whose species appear to be most numerous in the warmer regions, and as yet are very imperfectly known in comparison with the more northern Dytiscide. The connection of the family with the Dytiscide is very superficial ; it bears, however, strong relations towards other families of the Clavicornia ; through Hydrochus it is connected with the Hlmides, through Cereyon with Anisotoma, and through Cryptopleurum with Abreus and the Histeride ; in the present state of our knowledge the best position that can be assigned to it is perhaps between the Adephaga and the Silphidee. The two sub-families may be thus distinguished :— 1. Legs provided with swimming cilia; posterior tarsi with the first joint very short, often not visible from above . . . . . HYDROPHILINE, 2. Legs not provided with cilia; tibiw spinose ; posterior tarsi with the first joint elongate . oe me - . - . » SPHERIDIINE, Sub-Fam. HYDROPHILINE. Besides the above-mentioned characteristics, the members of this sub- family have the labrum almost always very distinct and not hidden behind the clypeus; the larvex are always provided with legs, which are Hydrophiline. | HYDROPHILIDE. 219 absent in the larve of the Spheridiine: all the species are aquatic, but, with few exceptions, they are very poor swimmers ; as Mulsant observes (Palpicornes, p. 13), it is quite sufficient to see their motions in the water to be convinced of their pacific and non-predaceous habits. They may be divided into the following tribes :— I. Second joint of posterior tarsi elongate, longer than third. i, Thorax at base as wide as base of elytra, smooth. 1. Tarsi compressed ; metasternum prolonged into a spine . HyYDROPHILINA. 2. Tarsi not compressed; metasternum not prolonged into a spine . . HYDROBIINA, ii. Thorax narrowed behind, narrower than elytra, furnished with distinct longitudinal furrows . : . HELOPHORINA. II. Second joint of posterior tarsi short, about equal to third. i. Clypeus emarginate ; scutellum long, triz envE? anterior coxal cavities open behind . . SPERCHEINA, ii. Clypeus truncate ; scutellum small and short ; a anterior coxal cavities entirely closed . . . ... «~~. +. + + . - HYDROCHINA. HYDROPHILINA. The two species belonging to this tribe are by far the largest of the British Palpicornia, and the best swimmers; they belong to separate genera. 1. Prosternum plainly excavated ; metasternal spine prolonged considerably beyond posterior coxze; length 37-48 mm.. . HYDROPHILUS, Geoff. 2. Prosternum sharply keeled ; metasternal spine hardly pro- jecting beyond posterior coxe ; length14-18 mm. . . . Hyprocuaris, Latr. EYDROPHILUS, Geoffroy. (Hydrous, Leach.) This genus comprises about forty species, which are widely distributed throughout the globe, but are chiefly found in hot climates; they are remarkable for their large size ; they are usually black or olive-coloured, but some exotic species are metallic: the females construct a cocoon in which to shelter their eggs. H. piceus, L. Oval; black or olivaceous black above with the margins of the elytra greenish ; head smooth with some deeply punctured depressions ; thorax smooth with a deep and deeply punctured depression on each side of middle in front; elytra with rather finely punctured strie, alternate interstices with rows of large punctures, duller in the female than the male, furnished in both sexes with a sharp spine at the sutural angle ; breast clothed with yellowish pubescence, abdomen black with yellowish spots at sides ; antenne and legs black or pitchy ; male with the onychium (the last joint of tarsi bearing the claws) dilated into a large triangular plate: this species, with the exception of Lucanus cervus, is the largest of our indigenous Coleoptera. Long. 37-48, lat. 19-22 mm. This species is extremely local, and appears to be almost confined to the London district and adjoining counties, and to certain portions of the fen districts; it is not 220 HYDROPHILIDE. [Hydrophilus. uncommon in many places near London, in stagnant water; Sheerness, Lee, Wands- worth, Croydon, Dulwich, Camberwell, Belvedere, Chelsea, Hampstead, Epping Forest, &c.; Whittlesea Mere and Yaxley Fen; Swansea; formerly recorded by Mr. Dale from Glanville’s Wootton, Dorset. The larva of this insect is figured by Westwood (Cluassif., vol. i., p. 121, 8, 11): when full grown it is three inches long, of a somewhat conical form, and stouter than the larvae of the Dytiscide; the head is reddish brown, horny, and almost cireular, with strong mandibles, the lower surface being convex and the upper flattened; the body is terminated by two short cerci, which are employed in respiration ; these larve are very voracious, and feed on small molluses, which they break upon their backs ; they are able from the peculiar formation of their heads to twist them back so far as to allow of their thus using their backs for a table, as has been noted by Lyonnet, Mulsant, and other observers: the females, as noted above, construct a cocoon for their eggs, which hatch in from a fortnight to six weeks, and in a few hours the larve leave their shelter ; when full grown they quit the water and form an oval cell in the adjacent bank, where they change into a thick oval pupa from which the perfect insect emerges in About forty days, the whole period occupied from the hatching of the egg being about one hundred days; Stephens says that the larva changes to a pupa beneath dung, making a deep hole for the purpose, but I have not seen this fact con- firmed by other authors. HYDROCHARYIS, Latreille: (Hydrophilus, Leach. Hydrous, Brullé.) This genus comes very near the preceding but its members are always of amuch smaller size: it comprises about twenty species, which are widely distributed over the surface of the globe (Siberia, Ceylon, Java, Brazil, &c.); like the Hydrophili they are found in stagnant water. H. caraboides, L. Oblong oval, upper surface olive-black, some- times with a greenish reflection, shining ; maxillary palpi and antenne except club reddish ; thorax rather short, with two short rows of large punctures on each side of middle in front; elytra somewhat wider behind with very superficial striz, the third and fifth interstices with regular rows of large punctures, which are less regular on the seventh, ninth, and tenth; legs blackish, the anterior pair sometimes lighter ; abdomen pubescent with a small smooth shining space at apex, the segments with indistinet yellow markings on margins; male with the claws of anterior tarsi sharply bent like a grappling-hook. Long. 14-18, lat. 64-8 mm. Like the preceding, local but not uncommon in the London district, but found in very few other localities ; Lee, Wandsworth, Barnes, Dulwich, Epping ; Waltham- stow, Essex; Askham Bog, York; Swansea; formerly recorded from Whittlesea Mere and the neighbourhood of Cambridge. The larva of this insect is figured by Westwood (Classification, i. 121, 8, 13), and by Schiédte (i., Pl. iv., Fig. 1), who also figures the pupa (Fig. 4): the lurva is slate- coloured with the scuta fuscous; the head is larger and squarer than in the larva of Hydrophilus, broadest in front, and narrowed behind; the scutum of the prothorax is complete, of the meso- and meta-thorax incomplete ; the scuta of the dorsal abdominal segments are broken up, and on each segment take the form of four small cylindrical corneous excrescences pointing downwards; the larva is chiefly remarkable for these and for the long ciliated appendages (something like those in Gyrinus) borne by the Hydrocharis. | HYDROPHILIDE. 221 first seven abdominal segments ; the cerci are short but longer than in the larve of the sueceeding species : it is said that this larva, when it has seized its prey, raises it by its mandibles out of the water in order to paralyze its resistance, According to M. Dumeril the digestive canal in this and the preceding species undergoes remarkable modifications during the transformations of the insect ; in the larve it is short and suited to their digestion as carnivorous, but in the perfect insect it becomes much elongated and adapted to their herbivorous diet. HYDROBIINA. This tribe is composed of several rather widely differing genera, some of which (e.g. Cheetarthria and Berosus) might perhaps be formed into separate tribes ; the species are of an oval or hemispherical form ; some of them bear a superficial resemblance to those of the preceding tribe, but they are all much smaller, and none of them have the metasternum prolonged behind into a sharp spine ; one exotic genus (Amphiops) is, as Dr. Horn points out, remarkable for having four eyes like Gyrinus. Our genera may be classed as follows :— I. First and second ventral segments not covered by plates. i. Ventral segments five (tip of sixth sometimes visible) ; anterior coxal cavities open behind. 1. Last ventral segment entire; intermediate and posterior tibie without swimming hairs on their inner border. A, Antenne 9-jointed. a, Length 4-8 mm.; maxillary palpi long. a*, Elytra with a distinct sutural stria more or less abbreviated. af. Maxiliary palpi with the last joint plainly longer than the penultimate . Hyprosivs, Leach. bf. Maxillary palpi with the last joint plainly shorter than the penultimate. at. Base of thorax narrowly bordered ; inter- mediate and posterior tarsi 5-jointed . . Part~uyprus, Sol. bj. Base of thorax without trace of bor- der; intermediate and posterior tarsi 4-jointed . - CymBiopytTa, Bedel. ef. Maxillary palpi ‘with the last joint ‘about equal to the penultimate . . Enocurvs, Thoms. b*. Elytra without trace of sutural stria ; last joint of antenne Ble shorter than penul- timate. . Hetocuares, Muls, b. Length not exceeding 3 mm. ; maxillary palpi short. a*, Upper surface metallic; base of thorax with- out trace of border. . Paracymus, Thoms. b*. Upper surface not metallic ; base of thorax very narrowly bordered . . . . . . . « ANAOENA, Thoms. B. Antenne 8-jointed . . . . - Laccostvs, Er, 2. Last ventral segment almost always emarginate ; intermediate and posterior tibize furnished with swimming hairs on their inner border . . . . , Brrosus, Leach. 229 HYDROPHILIDE. [Hydrobiina. ii, Ventral segments seven ; anterior coxal cavities closed behind; elytra truncate. . . . . «. »« «ss II. First and second ventral segments covered by two plates meeting in middle. . . . . . . «+ + + « + « CHmTARTHRIA, Steph. Limyesivs, Leach. HYDROBIUS, Leach. The genus Hydrobius proper contains only a very few species, of moderate size, and of a black or slightly bronzy colour ; they are found in stagnant water, and are widely distributed over Europe, Asia, and North America ; in a wider sense it comprises forty or fifty species, all occurring in temperate regions and not entering the tropics. The larva of Hydrobius fuscipes is figured by Schiddte (i., Pl. iv., Fig. 5): it is of a dirty-white colour with the scuta fuscous; it is broadest in the middle and much narrowed in front and behind; the head is very small with exceedingly short antenna, the prothorax quadrate, much narrower than the following segments, with the scutum entire; the scuta of the meso- and meta-thorax are incomplete, and those of the abdominal dorsal segments are broken up and take the form of minute warty corneous plates, four on each segment ; the segments themselves are much wrinkled in transverse folds ; the eighth segment is very much narrowed, and bears two almost imperceptible cerci and a very small prominence at apex ; the legs are very short. The larva of Philhydrus and the allied species bear so close a resemblance to that of Hydrobius that they hardly require a separate description ; that of P. testaceus is figured by Schiddte (i., Pl. iv., Fig. 6), and a reference to his plate will show their extreme similarity ; the female beetles differ from the female of Helochares (the larva of which is very closely allied to that of these species) in not carrying their eggs in a sac attached to the abdomen. 1. Elytra with distinct punctured striw, stric deep towards apex; length 5-7imm.. ...... =. .. . . H. Fuscres, L. 2. Blytra with fine rows of punctures, not striated ; length S=Ounnisculs) ss) bee ee een te, 8 Garetege ee OBSONGUS iterine: H. fuscipes, L. Oval, convex, black or pitchy black, shining, female duller than male ; thorax much broader than long, very closely, but distinctly, punctured ; elytra as broad at base as base of thorax, with eleven punctured striz on each ; interstices closely punctured, the alternate ones furnished with a row of pores; legs ferruginous, femora darker at base, posterior femora pubescent almost to apex. L, 5-7} mm. Common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom, H. picicrus, Sharp, appears to be a distinct race of this species, and may perhaps be considered distinct: it differs from the type form in being rather smaller, shorter, and more convex ; the tibiw as well as the extremity of the femora ave pitchy, and the hind angles of the thorax form a more obtuse right angle; the striae of the elytra also are more strongly punctured; it has been found in the following localities: Ask- ham Bog, York ; Liverpool ; Knowle, near Birmingham ; Wicken Fen ; Lymington ; Corstorphine Hills, Scotland, &e. A variety very rarely occurs in which the upper surface is of a strongly metallic greenish or bluish colour. H. oblongus, Herbst, (picipes, Fab.). Very like the preceding, but Hydrobius. | HYDROPHILIDE. 223 larger, longer in proportion, and more often showing a metallic reflection ; it is easily distinguished by the absence of striz on the elytra, and by the fact that the posterior femora are quite smooth, L, 8-9 mm. Brackish ditches ; local, but not uncommon in some districts near London, and in the south and south-east of England. Gravesend, Sheerness, Whitstable, Rainham, Deal, Hastings, &c.; Southport and Lancaster (Mr. Reston) ; according to M. Bedel this insect possesses a slight power of stridulation. PHILHYDRWS, Solier. This genus comprises about fifty species, which are widely distributed both in the northern and southern hemispheres, from Northern Europe and America to Ceylon, Java, Chili, and Brazil; they are found in stagnant water, and some of the species are confined to brackish ponds and ditches. The larve of this genus closely resemble those of Helochares ; the females, however, do not carry their egg-sac underneath the abdomen, but attach about fifteen little triangular silky packets to the Lemna on the surface of the water, each containing ten or a dozen eggs; the larva do not leave these receptacles for two or three days after they have hatched. Six of the seven European species are found in Britain, and may be distinguished as follows :— I. Thorax with more or less distinct larger punctures ar- _ ranged transversely on middle of sides ; size larger. i, Maxillary palpi with second joint dark .. P. TESTACEUS, F. ii. Maxillary palpi with second joint entirely testa- ceous. 1. Head testaceous, sometimes darker in middle . P. mARirimus, Thoms. 2. Head black, at all events as far as anterior margin of eyes. A. Elytra without a trace of series of larger punctures; last joint of maxillary palpi testa- ceous (at most very sents darker at extreme apex) . - . . . . P. NIGRICANS, Zett. B. Elytra aun fades fares of series of larger punctures ; last joint of maxillary = rather broadly black at apex . . P. MELANOCEPHALUS, Ol, Il. Thorax without larger punctures at sides ; size smaller. i. Head without yellow spots in front of eyes ; last joint of maxillary palpi black at apex . . P. minutus, F. ii. Head with distinct yellow spots in front of. eyes; 5 last joint of maxillary palpi entirely testaceous . . P. coarctatTus, Gredl. P. testaceus, F. Oblong-ovate, rather convex, upper surface finely and closely punctured, lighter or darker testaceous, head black as far as front of eyes, disc of thorax dusky; elytra with a sutural stria reaching from apex to a little beyond middle; legs ferruginous. L. 6-7 mm. Ponds and ditches ; local but not uncommon; London district generally ; Norwich ; Deal; Hastings; Ramsgate ; Horning Fen; Swansea ; Devonshire ; Manchester 224 HYDROPHILIDE. [Philhydrus. district; Askham Bog, York; not recorded from the extreme north of England or from Scotland, This species is easily distinguished by the dark second joint of the maxillary palpi. P. maritimus, Thoms. (Micolor, F., grisescens, Gyll.). Very like the preceding, but at once distinguished by the second joint of the antenne being entirely testaceous; it is also slightly smaller and narrower, and the head and legs are of a lighter colour. L. 6-64 mm. Brackish ponds and ditches; common near the coast except in the extreme north of England and in Scotland. Gravesend; Sheerness ; Whitstable; Lyming- ton; Brighton; Pegwell Bay, near Deal; Hunstanton; Southport; recorded also from Ireland. P. nigricans, Zett. (frontalis, Er.), Oval, convex, smaller than the two preceding species ; head entirely black, or black as far as front of eyes; thorax dark with margins more or less broadly testaceous ; elytra lighter or darker testaceous ; legs testaceous, femora darker ; last joint of maxillary palpi entirely reddish testaceous. L. 5-5} mm. Ditches, &c.; local; not common near London; Plumstead, Lee, Gravesend, Greenwich, &c.; Abbey Wood; New Forest ; Pegwell Bay ; Wicken Fen; Askham Bog, York; Lancaster; Northumberland; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tay, Dee, Moray, Solway. P. melanocephalus, Ol. (quadripunctatus, Herbst.). Very like the preceding, but slightly narrower, and usually of a darker colour ; head, and thorax, except margins, black ; elytra with traces of rows of larger punctures ; last joint of maxillary palpi distinctly black at apex. L. 5-55 mm. “Ditches, &e.; local but not uncommon; Darenth Wood, Lee, Greenwich, Woking ; Devonshire ; Swansea ; Lancaster; Liverpool; Rothley Lakes, Northumber- land; Scotland, common, Lowlands, Highlands, as far north as the Moray district ; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin. P. minutus, F. (marginellus, Thoms.). Oblong-ovate, moderately convex ; upper surface closely and distinctly punctured ; head black, unicolorous ; thorax dark with lighter margins ; elytra lighter or darker testaceous, suture and sides usually darker; legs brownish testaceous, tarsi lighter ; the maxillary palpi are more or less dark, and the last joint is often entirely black. L. 33 mm. Ditches, &c.; apparently not a common species, the succeeding species being far commoner, and being often confounded with it; Esher, Woking, Purfleet, Horsell ; Cambridge ; Manchester district ; Northumberland ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Forth, Tay, Clyde, Solway. P. coarctatus, Gredl. (sufwralis, Sharp). This species comes very close to the preceding, but is distinguished from it by its rather larger size, testaceous palpi, and the yellow spot on the clypeus on each side in front of eye ; the colour of the suture also is usually more marked ; occasionally the palpi have the second and the middle of the last joint slightly clouded. L. 8{-4 mm. Common and widely distributed; London district ; Deal; Hastings ; New Forest i Phithydrus. | HYDROPHILIDE. 225 Shrewsbury ; Cambridgeshire Fens; Askham Bog; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tay and Solway districts ; probably common in Ireland, CYMBIODYTA, Bedel. This new genus, provisionally indicated by M. Pandellé, and after- wards established by M. Bedel, contains at present two or three species from Europe and the United States, which, according to M. Bedel, are distinguished from Philhydrus by the shape of the mesosternum and the absence of a border at the base of thorax; Dr. Sharp, however, has pointed out that this genus and also the genus Hydrocombus (which is near Philhydrus) differ from the other Hydrophiline as at present known, in having the intermediate and posterior tarsi truly (and not apparently as is often the case) four-jointed ; the pseudo-basal joint of the maxillary palpi is also very slightly bent in such a manner that when extended the curve of the joint is concave in front or inwardly, whereas in Philhydrus it is in the opposite direction. C. ovalis, Thoms. (marginellus, F.). Oblong-ovate, moderately convex, a little depressed on disc, unicolorous black with the sides of thorax and elytra more or less distinctly reddish; upper surface closely and dis- tinctly punctured ; antennw and maxillary palpi ferruginous, joints of the latter lighter at apex; legs black or pitchy black, tarsi testaceous, L. 4-43 mm. Rather common and widely distributed in the London district and the south of England; also occurs in the Cambridgeshire Fens; there appears, however, to be no record of its capture from further north than Askham Bog, where I have taken it not uncommonly, ENOCHRWS, Thomson. This genus is included by many authors under Philhydrus, and per- haps it would be better not to separate it from that genus; the relative length of the last joints of the maxillary palpi is the chief character by which it is distinguished. E. bicolor, Gyll. (melanocephalus, Ol., atricapillus, Steph.). Oval or oblong-oval, convex ; upper surface closely and distinctly punctured ; head black with a yellow spot on each side above eyes; maxillary palpi testaceous with second joint sometimes clouded and with apex of last joint black ; thorax and elytra rather brightly testaceous, the latter with more or less distinct traces of rows of larger punctures; legs and under- side black, tarsi and apex of tibize somewhat lighter. L. 5-53 mm. Local ; ponds, ditches, &c., both fresh and brackish ; London district, not uncommon ; Horning Fen; Deal; Hastings; Ramsgate; The Holt (Selborne); Findern, near Burton- on-Trent ; Stretford, near Manchester ; Scarborough ; not recorded from the extreme north of England or from Scotland. PARACYMWUS, Thomson. The species belonging to this and the succeeding genus have been classed Q 226 HYDROPHILIDE. [Paracymus. by some authors under Hydrobius; their very small size and short maxillary palpi will at once distinguish them superficially ; it must, however, be remembered that many of the generic distinctions are purely artificial, and that in many cases it seems rather a matter of taste than of scientific accuracy whether we adopt them or not. P. nigroseneus, Sahl. Oval, convex, dark metallic bronze or bronze-black, upper surface closely and rather strongly punctured ; maxillary palpi broadly pitchy at apex ; legs pitch-black. L. 2;-24 mm. Ponds and ditches; local and not common, Lee, Wimbledon, Esher, Woking, Horsell ; New Forest ; Exeter. We do not possess the true P. e@neus, Germ., which is rather smaller and narrower with the palpi unicolorous red, and the legs also red. Dr. Sharp also points out (E. M. Mag. xxi. 112) that the structure of the antenne is different in the two species. ANACZENA, Thomson. The species of Anacena are distributed over the greater part of the Old World ; they are distinguished from the preceding by the non-metallic upper surface, and by having the base of the thorax narrowly bordered. I. Head black at most with a very small reddish spot on each side before eyes ; thorax dark with side margins lighter. 1. Form broader; maxillary palpi and tarsi stouter . . . A. G@LoBuLus, Payk. (limbata, Sharp). 2. Form narrower ; maxillary palpi ‘and tarsi more slender . . 5 . A, LMBarTa, F, (variabdilis, Sharp). II Head with a large testaceous marking on each side before eyes; thorax testaceous with centre of disc darker . . . . . A, BIPUSTULATA, Steph. A. globulus, Payk. (/imbata, Sharp). Oval, almost hemispherical, very convex, shining, upper surface distinctly punctured ; head black ; thorax black with margins lighter; elytra fuscous or fuscous-black with margins and apex lighter ; legs reddish or pitchy. L. 23-3 mm. Ponds and ditches; common and widely distributed in England and Scotland. A. limbata, F. (variabilis, Sharp). Very like the preceding but narrower and more elongate ; the mesosternum is raised behind in the middle in a pointed projection, which is wanting in the preceding species ; the maxillary palpi are not so thick, and the tarsi are more slender ; the colour of the elytra is, as a rule, but not always, lighter; the hea d is usually entirely black, but a variety occurs in which there is a small rufo-testaceous spot on each side before the eyes. L. 2-25 mm. Ponds and ditches; common and widely distributed in England, but local in Scot- land, and only recorded from the Forth, Tay, and Solway districts. A bipustulata, Steph. Smaller than the two preceding species; Anacena.} HYDROPHILIDA. 227 head dark with a large testaceous mark on each side in front of eyes ; thorax testaceeus with the disc more or less broadly dark; elytra tes- taceous with indistinct dark markings; legs testaceous; in form it is more widely oval than A. Jimbata. L. 14-24 mm. Ponds and ditches ; local, and as a rule not common; London district, rather fre- quent, Lee, Wimbledon, Woking, &c.; Stony Stratford; Southsea; Deal; not re- corded from the north of England or from Scotland. HELOCHARES, Mulsant. This genus comprises a moderate number of species, two or three of which are found in Europe; they are distinguished by the fact that the elytra have no trace of a sutuzal stria, and that the Jast joint of the antenne is plainly shorter than the penultimate. The larva of . lividus is fully described and figured by Cussac (Ann. Fr. 1852, p- 624, Pl. 13): it very closely resembles that of Philhydrus; the female beetle, un- like those belonging to the allied genera, carries her eggs in a little bag attached te the abdomen ; according to Mulsant she becemes more unwilling to abandon her ezgs, if disturbed, as the time of hatching approaches, although at first she will let them go at the approach of danger; the insect appears either to attach the egg-bag te an aquatic plant shortly before hatching, or, if there ismone at hand, to turn itself on its back at the surface of the water, and there remain until the young larve have emerged. Two species are found in Britain, the second ef which is considered by many authers to be only a race or variety. 1. Punctuation fine; last joint of maxillary palpi uni- colorous or slightly dusky ut extreme apex only . . . . H. xrvipus, Forst. 2. Punctuation coarser; last joint ef maxillary palpi dis- tinctly and rather broadly black atapex . . . . . . H. puneratus, Sharp. H. lividus, Forst. Gbtong-oval, rather elongate, not very convex ; upper surface entirely testaceous, finely punctured ; maxillary palpi very long; thorax with anterier margin almost truncate, base net margined ; elytra rather wider behind, without sutural stria, with traces of rows of larger punctures ; underside pitchy, legs testaceous, femora darker and strongly pubescent ; claws toothed at base. L. 5-6 mm. Ponds, ditches, &c., both inland and near the coast ; local, but rather common and widely distributed as far north as Askham Bog, and Preston Marshes, Lancashire; it does not, however, occur in the extreme north ef England or in Scotland, as far as is at present known. H. punctatus, Sharp. Very like the precedmg but more strongly punctured, with the apex of the last joint of maxillary palpi rather broadly black, and with stronger traces of larger punctures on the elytra; the general colour is darker, and the head is often almost black; the legs also are much redder. L. 5-6 mm. Ponds, ditches, &e. ; local; common in the London district generally, and also in the New Forest ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent ; Lancaster ; in all probability widely distri- buted throughout the midland and southern districts: in Scotland it is very local, QuZ 228 HYDROPHILIDZ. [ Helochares. being only found in the Tay district, where it has occurred rather commonly in a pond on Moncreiffe Hill, Perth. According to M. Bedel this species at first sight seems very distinct, but, as all the intervening links occur, he considers it to be only an extreme variety of H. lividus, which he regards as an essentially variable species. LACCOBIUS, Erichson. This genus comprises about fifteen species chiefly from Europe, but one or two occur in North America and Africa: they are small insects, and are found in both fresh and brackish water either stagnant or running ; they often occur in abundance in very small puddles ; if the bottom is disturbed they rise to the surface ; the males have the second and third joints of the anterior tarsi dilated. Until quite lately two species only have been considered to be British, but Dr. Sharp, following M. Bedel, has discovered that we possess four ; the distinctions are very plain, but for their satisfactory recognition they require a high magni- fying power. I. Interspaces of thorax quite smooth between punctures. 1. Punctuation of elytra confused . . . . . . . . UL. stnvatus, Mots. 2. Punctuation of elytra in regular rows. . . L, Breunecratus, F. II. Interspaces of thorax alutaceous between punctures. 1. Punctuation of elytra confused. . . . . . . . 4, atutaceus, Thoms. 2. Punctuation of elytra in regularrows . . . . . L. minutus, DZ. L. sinuatus, Mots. (nigriceps, Thoms.). Oval, very convex ; head black ; thorax black with sides broadly yellow; elytra greyish-testaceous with tiaces of darker markings, and with sides lighter; legs and maxillary palpi testaceous; second joint of posterior tarsi almost twice as long as third; the colour is somewhat variable ; a variety occurs in which the elypeus is bordered with yellow on the sides (var. maculiceps, Rott.). L. 33-4 mm. The largest and commonest species of the genus; widely distributed throughout the kingdom, L. alutaceus, Thoms. Slightly smaller than the preceding ; at once distinguished by the sculpture of the thorax; in other points it very closely resembles L. sinuatusa, with which it has long been mixed in our collections. L. 35 mm. Dr. Sharp considers this the rarest of our four species, but it is widely dis- tributed ; London district generally ; Deal ; Southend; Ramsgute; Bognor ; Lyming- ton; Knowle, near Birmingham; Shrewsbury ; Wicken Fen; Gumley, Market Har- borough; Hunstanton ; Hartlepool ; Liverpool ; Scotland, Edinburgh and Aberlady. L. minutus, L. Considerably smaller than the two preceding ; easily distinguished by the alutaceous ground of thorax and the regular rows of punctures on elytra ; apex of elytra without pallid spot. L. 2 22 -3 mm. Apparently not common; Cambridgeshire and Norfolk Fens; Needwood Forest, Laeco bius. | HYDROPHILIDA. 229 near Burton-on-Trent; Hunstanton; Liverpool district; Holy Island; Rothley Lakes, Northumberland ; Scotland, Thornhill (abundant), Loch Gelly, &e. L. bipunctatus, F. Very like the preceding, but distinguished from it by the smooth ground of thorax, and also by having almost always a pale spot near the apex of each elytron; the second joint of the posterior tarsi is one and a half times as long as the third. L. 23-3 mm. Rather local, but often abundant; Gravesend; Folkestone; Deal; Hunstanton ; Hartlepool; Horning Fen; Stony Stratford; Repton ; Liverpool district; Scotland, Edinburgh. BEROSUS, Leach. This genus comprises about fifty species, which are widely distributed over the surface of the globe in both the northern and southern hemi- spheres ; they differ very widely from all the other Hydrophilida, the whole elytra being plainly striated; the head and disc of thorax are usually metallic; they live in stagnant water, and are much better swimmers than the majority of the members of the family ; they appear to feed upon decaying water plants, but are sometimes carnivorous ; by the movement of their abdomen they are able to produce a rather strong stridulation. The larva is described and figured by Schiédte (i., Pl. v., Fig. 9) : in general shape it somewhat resembles that of Philhydrus, except that it is much wider and more ovate; the head and prothorax are very small, the scutum of the latter being complete ; the scutum of the mesothorax is small, and those of the remaining segments are broken up into very minute corneous plates, four on each segment, invisible except highly magnified ; the first seven abdominal segments bear very long branchial appendages, the front ones shorter than the hinder ones, which are nearly as long as the whole abdomen ; the eighth segment is short and cylindrical, and bears no cerci ; the legs are rather long, and terminate, like those of the larve of the majority of the Hydro- philinz, in simple claws ; the colour is dull white, with blackish dots. I. Apex of each elytron furnished with a spine; head al- most entirely testaceous (Hnoplurus, Hope) . . . B. spinosus, Stev. II. Apex of elytra simple ; head entirely metallic. i. Thorax with diffuse punctuation; male with the second joint of anterior tarsi short . . B. SIGNATICOLLIS, Charp. ii, Thorax with very close punctuation ; male with the second joint of anterior tarsi elongate. 1. Striz of elytra broad and deep, with large strong punctures ; interstices convex .. B. tuRipvs, L. 2. Strie of elytra fine and shallow, closely and. not strongly punctured; interstices flat . . . . . 3B. A¥FFINIS, Brulleé. B. spinosus, Stev. Oblong-oval, very convex, testaceous or reddish testaceous, with a greenish tinge when alive; head entirely or almost entirely testaceous, more coarsely punctured than thorax ; elytra rather wider than thorax, with rather deep punctured strive, interstices with irregular rows of rather large punctures, all the punctures being, as a rule, dark ; there are two dark spots, often obsolete, on thorax, and some indistinct dark patches on elytra; underside brown; legs testaceous ; 230 HYDROPHILIDA. [Berosus. the species is easily distinguished by the very distinct spines at the apex of elytra. L. 41-6 mm. Local ; brackish ponds and ditches; Sheerness; Sheppy; Southsea; Harwich ; Rye; Brighton; Eastbourne; Seaford; Lymington Salterns ; Hunstanton; Scar- borough; not found in the north of England or in Scotland. This species is variable as regards size; in Dr. Power's collection there are two or three very small specimens. B. signaticollis, Charp (@#riceps, Curt.). Oval, very convex ; head bronze-green or coppery, iridescent, closely and strongly punctured ; thorax brownish-testaceous with a large dark band in middle, rather diffusely punctured, with an impunctate central line which is obscurely testaceous and separates the dark band indistinctly into two parts ; elytra considerably broader than thorax, with rather strong punctured strie, interstices punctured, dark brown with punctures darker; legs ferruginous, femora darker in middle ; underside black. L. 5-5} mm. Ponds and ditches inland and near the coast; local, but not uncommon ; Wimbledon, Esher, Woking, Lee, Wandsworth, Earlswood, Whitstable; Cambridgeshire Fens ; Devonshire; Swansea; Askham Bog; not recorded from the north of England or from Scotland. B. luridus, L. Smaller than the preceding, with the punctuation of thorax closer and stronger, and the dark band more plainly marked and sometimes covering the greater part of the disc; the testaceous margins are lighter and more clearly defined; the strie of the elytra are stronger and more coarsely punctured, and the legs are of a somewhat lighter colour. L. 4-43 mm. Ponds and ditches; local ; Esher, Lee, Lewisham, Earlswood, and other places im the London district ; Deal; Hastings; Cambridge; Scotland, rare, Solway and Moray districts. B. affinis, Brullé. In size and shape this species rather closely resembles the preceding, but differs in not having the dark patch on thorax separated by a narrow obscurely testaceous line, and by the narrow and finely punctured strie of elytra and flat interstices. L. 3-43 mm. Local, but sometimes abundant where it occurs ; ponds and ditches inland and near the coast ; Plumstead, Lee, Gravesend, Sheerness, Rainham; Lymington Salterns, very common; Hastings ; Devonshire ; Swansea; Liverpool district. LIMNEBIUS, Leach. The Limnebii are small insects very much resembling in miniature the large Hydrophilus piceus; the elytra are truncate or almost truncate at apex, and the last two segments of the abdomen are furnished with hairs; they live in stagnant or slowly moving water, attached to aquatic plants; they are very poor swimmers; according to Miger the larva is terrestrial, and is carnivorous like so many other of the Hydrophilide; the males are usually smaller than the females, and differ from them in Limnebius. | HYDROPHILIDH. 231 various characters affecting the palpi, femora, or tibie; they also have the thorax somewhat more rounded at the sides: about twenty species are known, which are found chiefly in Europe and North America; four of these are British, and, except by their size, it is rather hard to deter- mine them; the minuter species of Limnebius bear rather a striking resemblance superficially to the Trichopterygian genus Hydroscapha. I. Length 13-23 mm. 1. Labrumemarginate. . . .... =... . UL, TRUNCATELLUS, Thoms. 2. Labrumentire .....-.. =... . LL. Papposus, Muls, II. Length not exceeding 1} mm... ... . . . L. niripus, Marsh. Ill. Length4mm. ......... . . . UL. Prcrnus, Marsh. L. truncatellus, Thoms. (marginalis, Steph. 91). Oblong-oval, convex, shining, black or brownish black with the thorax and elytra lighter at sides ; head and thorax distinctly punctured ; elytra alutaceous with plain punctuation ; legs brownish testaceous with dark femora; male with the last abdominal segment furnished at apex with a blunt channelled projection, and with the intermediate tibie arcuate, and the posterior tibiz very strongly narrowed at apex. L. 12-2} mm. Common and widely distributed throughout England and Wales ; Scotland, common, Lowlands, as far north as the Moray district; Ireland, near Belfast, Dublin, and Waterford, and probably common. ZL. papposus, Muls. Very like the preceding in size and general appearance ; upper side brown or brownish yellow with the head and dise of thorax blackish ; head finely punctured, thorax rather obsoletely punctured ; elytra alutaceous with distinct punctuation ; legs lighter or darker testaceous; male with the penultimate joint of the maxillary palpi thickened, and with a fan-like tuft of hairs at the extremity of the last abdominal segment. L. 12-2 mm. Rather common and widely distributed from the Midlands downwards, but I can find no record from further north than Repton, Burton-on-Trent, and it has not been taken in Scotland. Ireland, near Belfast. %. nitidus, Marsh. Considerably smaller than the preceding, shining black, with the sides of thorax and elytra obscurely reddish, very scantily pubescent; elytra alutaceous, rather obsoletely punctured, with a narrow side margin which is not continued to apex; legs darker or lighter testaceous. L. 1} mm. Local but not uncommon; ditches, &¢.; Earlswood, Lewisham ; Cambridgeshire Fens; Horning Fen; Ramsgate; New Forest; Swansea; Birmingham district ; The Wansbeck, Wallington, and Rothley Lakes, Northumberland; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Tweed and Forth districts. Ireland, near Belfast and Waterford. ZL. picinus, Marsh (atomus, Duft., minutissimus, Germ.). This species is easily distinguished by its very minute size, and by having the suture of the elytra finely bordered behind; the elytra, which are plainly alutaceous, are impunctate or very obsoletely punctate, much more so than in nitidus; the colour is usually black or brown black, but is 232 HYDROPHILID®. [Limnebius. sometimes lighter ; the last ventral segment of the abdomen is furnished with two long hairs which often meet together; legs lighter or darker testaceous, femora darker; male with the first joint of anterior tarsi dilated. L. mm. Very local ; ponds and ditches ; exceedingly abundant in Askham Bog, York, and T have also taken it at Stamford Bridge; Knowle, near Birmingham ; Hunstanton ; Lancaster. Pale varieties of some of these species are occasionally found, in which the upper surface is entirely or almost entirely testaceous with the head darker, CHETARTHRIA, Stephens. This genus comprises about half-a-dozen species, which are found in Europe, the Canary Islands, and North America; they are small and very convex insects, resembling small examples of Agathidium ; our single species is found in damp moss at the edges of ponds or streams ; the genus is remarkable for the plates that cover the first two ventral segments of the abdomen C. seminulum, Herbst. Very convex, almost hemispherical, shining black ; head smooth, antenne and palpi red; thorax with the sides margined, smooth; elytra as broad as thorax, margined, feebly punctured, with a sutural stria, and a feeble stria on external border ; underside reddish brown. L. 1-1} mm. Rather local but not uncommon ; London district; Wicken Fen; New Forest; Gumley, Market Harborough; Cannock Chase; Repton; Askham Bog; Liverpool ; Northumberland ; Scotland, loca!, in damp mosses, Tweed, Solway, Tay, and Moray districts. SPERCHEINA. The Spercheina are distinguished from all the other Hydrophilid by their emarginate clypeus and long triangular scutellum, and also by their general contour; their legs are not adapted for swimming, and they progress slowly along the surface of the water with their back down- wards ; one genus only, Spercheus, is included in the tribe : the American genus, Sperchopsis, Leconte, forms a portion of Hydrobius, and has no connection with Spercheus. SPERCHEUS, Kugelann. This genus comprises about half-a-dozen species, which are found in Europe, Egypt, Senegal, Java, and New Caledonia; besides the cha- racters mentioned above, they are remarkable for the form of the external lobe of the maxillz, which is long, palpiform, and subulate, and by some of the old entomologists has been mistaken for a true palpus; the an- tenn are apparently six-jointed, the last five joints forming an irregular club; one species only is found in Europe, S. emarginatus: the larva of Spercheus. | HYDROPHILIDE. 233 this species is described and figured by Cussac, Ann. Fr. 1852, p. 617, Pl. xiii., Fig. 8-15; the young larva and its habits are also described by myself (with figures by Rev. A. Matthews) in Ent. Monthly Mag. xix. 79; the female carries her eggs in a bag attached to the abdomen until they are hatched; she is able to produce several batches of eggs in succession without the intervention of the male, as observed by M. Cussac ; the full-grown larva is remarkable for its large head and very powerful mandibles, pear-shaped mentum, and the peculiar shape of its body, which is widest in the middle, and thence contracted both ways so that it appears diamond-shaped; the segments are furnished on each side with a large tuft of hairs; the legs are rather long ; the larve are carnivorous, and in confinement prey upon one another; they walk upon the surface of the water back downwards, like the perfect insect; the perfect insect has the power of producing rather a strong stridulatory noise, S. emarginatus, Schall. Oval, very convex, of a dirty testaceous brown colour with the head, except front which is obscurely reddish, and the thorax, except margins, dark ; the elytra also are furnished with distinct dark markings at suture, and more obscure ones at sides; head and thorax coarsely and irregularly punctured, the former large, raised at the sides, the latter short, twice as broad as long; elytra rather strongly punctured in somewhat irregular rows, completely covering abdomen, with indistinct traces of raised lines; legs lighter or darker brown or pitchy. L. 53-7 mm. Until quite recently this has been considered one of the rarest British insects ; Stephens records it from Windsor, York, Kensington Gardens, and Yaxley Fen, but only two or three British specimens were extant in collections, until in 1878 Mr. Billups found it in a ditch adjoining some marshy ground at West Ham, Essex; in this place he subsequently took a considerable number of specimens ; the locality, how- ever, has since been destroyed by a railway ; the insect appears to live at the-roots of aquatic plants in the muddiest and dirtiest ditches, and probably escapes notice owing to its retired habits. HELOPHORINA. This tribe, as here constituted, comprises the single genus Helophorus ; by some authors the genus Octhebius with its allies Hydruchus and Hydrena are included in it, but these may be distinguished by the short second joint of the posterior tarsi and the sculpture of the thorax, as well as by their very different form. HELOPHORWS, Fabricius. The species belonging to this genus have a very distinct appearance ; the body is oblong and rather depressed, and the surface of the thorax is furnished with broad longitudinal furrows ; the colour is usually dirty brown, or testaceous, sometimes dark bronze, the head and thorax being in some species strongly iridescent ; the head is sunk in the thorax, the anterior angles of which are projecting; the nine-jointed antenne are 234 HYDROPHILID #, [ Helophorus. terminated by a perfoliate club, and the legs are rather long and slender ; the under surface of the body is covered with a silky pubescence: the Helophori cannot swim, but proceed along the surface of the water by awkward movements of their legs ; in summer they often bury themselves in the mud, but they are able to fly from one place to another if they choose, when the pools they inhabit are dried up; they are, however, often found at some distance from any water, in moss or under damp leaves, or even by sweeping herbage. The larva of Helophorus aquaticus (grandis, Ill.) is figured by Schiédte (i., Pl. vii., Fig. 5) : it is pale with the corneous parts fuscous; the head is small, much narrower than the prothorax which is trapezoidal, slightly narrowed in front, and twice as long as the meso- and meta-thorax ; the scuta of the three thoracic segments are entire, and cover the whole surface, and are deeply channelled longitudinally in the middle; the abdominal segments are nine in number, the first eight of equal breadth; each of these eight segments is protected by four corneous plates arranged transversely, the middle pair being the largest; these are really formed by the breaking up of the single scuta, and correspond to the minute plates on the abdominal segments of Hydro- bius, Berosus, &c., that have been before referred to; the ninth segment bears one large plate ; from each side of the segments and from each portion of the scuta proceed single long sete; the cerci are long and jointed, and each of them bears five or six long sete ; the legs are very short, and terminate in simple claws. The genus comprises about sixty species, which are almost entirely found in Europe and North America; a few species, however, occur in Northern Africa, Madeira, and the Canaries; it is a great matter of doubt how many species we really possess as British ; if we admit all! the described species the number will amount to eighteen, but five or six at least of these appear to be varieties or races, so that the total number does not actually exceed twelve: there is hardly any other genus that is involved in such confusion and causes so much difficulty to Coleopterists ; in determining the exotic species the same difliculty is also found; there are, however, several well-marked groups and forms that are very easy to determine; in some, however, the synonymy is in a state of hopeless confusion ; the student who wishes fully to study the genus may consult with advantage the revision of the species by Thomson (Skand. Col. x. 297); Bedel has done more than any other Coleopterist of late years towards unravelling some of the difficulties. I. Alternate interstices of elytra tubereulate; colour shining black with ewneous reflection on elytra, thorax somewhat iridescent . . . . « © «© «+ 2 « « Il. Alternate interstices of elytra strongly raised in ridges ; colour brown; thorax not metallic. i. Humeral angle of elytra projecting ; ridges of thorax irregular, sometimes raised in small knobs; length Babb Mac) saing AMER Lee Sige aie tae ii. Humeral angle of elytra blunt; ridges of thorax simply convex, not interrupted ; length 3-3} mm. . H. NUBILUS, F. III. Alternate interstices of elytra plainly, but not strongly, raised in ridges; thorax metallic; colour EOWA css | ota APS el tet lat she PG Are eS IV. Alternate interstices of elytra not or very slightly raised in ridges; thorax metallic. H. tusgercurates, Gyli, H. rvGgosvs, Ol. H,. inTERMEDICS, Muls. or Helophorus. | HYDROPHILID. 23 . Base of elytra witha series of punctures between the Ist and 2nd strie . . . . H. aquarticus, L. . Base of elytra without series of punctures between the 1st and 2nd strie. 1. Frontal furrows in the form of a Y or Y without lateral appendages from the extremities of the arms ; interstices of thorax more or less granulate. A. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate ; penulti- mate twice as long as broad. a. Elytra usually dark brown or bronze with a metallic tinge ; darker markings behind middle of elytra, as a rule, searcely visible. a*. Thorax narrower than elytra; inner thora- cic furrows distinctly angular in middle. at. Elytra with distinct testaceous patches H. porsauis, Muls. bt}. Elytra without testaceous patches . . H. mNEIPENNIS, Thoms. (type form). b*. Thorax as broad as elytra; inner thoracic furrows shallow and sinuous. . - H. xaticoxyis, Thoms. b. Elytra light brown, occasionally testaceons, with darker elytral markings plainly visible. a*. Length 33-44 mm.; alternate interstices of ely tra slightly raised. - . - - - H. Munsantt, Rye. b*. Length 2-3} mm. ; alternate interstices of elytra never raised. af. Dise of thorax smooth or only slightly granulate; interstices of elytra rather broad and fiat . . . . . H.arrinis, Marsh. by. Dise of thorax strongly granulate ; in- terstices of elytra narrower. - H, BREVICOLLIS, Thoms. B. Last joint of maxillary palpi plainly thickened at base, penultimate hardly longer than broad. a. Thorax with sides almost straight towards base ; last joint of maxillary palpi longer, pear- shaped ; punctuation of strize of elytra mo- derate. . . H. preyrraris, Bedel. b. Thorax with sides plainly sinuate before base ; = last joint of maxillary palpi very short, ovoid ; punctuation of strie of soe pe coarse and strong . . . H.arvernicts, Muls. 2. Frontal furrows in the fom of a T or M the anterior furrow being furnished with longer or shorter longitudinal ‘appendages ; interstices of thorax shining, almost smooth . . . . . . . H.Nanus, Sturm. H. tuberculatus, Gyll. Oblong oval, black, shiny, elytra with a slight zneous reflection; thorax strongly granulate, slightly iridescent, with not very deep furrows; elytra with strongly punctured stria, the alternate interstices, especially behind, raised in polished oblong tubercles; Jegs eneous-black: this and the two succeeding species belong to the sub-genus Hmpleurus, Hope, which is distinguished by the wide epipleure of the thorax and elytra; in the other species of Helo- phorus they are narrow. Very rare; taken in the Manchester district by Mr. Chappell, and in Yorkshire by Mr. Lawson and Mr. Wilkinson. 236 - HYDROPHILIDZ. [ Helophorus. H. rugosus, Ol. (rzufipes, Bosc.). Oblong oval, rather broad ; head reddish, granulate; thorax very transverse, dark, with reddish sides, suleate and strongly ridged, the ridges interrupted and broken up into small knobs, anterior angles prominent ; elytra brownish testaceous with * distinct dark markings, hardly broader than thorax, almost parallel- sided, with plainly punctured strie, alternate interstices strongly raised in ridges; near the suture at base are two short ridges; legs testaceous. L. 5-55 mm. Rather local, but widely distributed throughout England and Wales, both in- Jand and near the coast; not so common towards the north; Scotland, scarce, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Solway, and Dee districts. H. nubilus, F. (costatus, Gceze). Very like the preceding, but much smaller, duller, and more unicolorous; thorax sulcate, interstices evenly raised in ridges, the ridges not interrupted, rather broader in proportion than the thorax of H. rugosus ; elytra duller with the black markings not so apparent; legs reddish-brown. L. 3-35 mm. Common and widely distributed in England. Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Tay, and Solway districts. Ireland, near Belfast and Waterford. This species and the preceding prefer sandy places near water; the latter species, however, is often found in heaps of decaying rubbish or under leaves, or even by sweeping herbage, far from water. M. Perris has discovered the larva of one of these species of the sub-genus Em- pleurus in cabbage stalks devouring the larve of Halticide. H. intermedius, Muls. Oblong, moderately convex, shiny ; head and thorax more or less iridescent, the latter with the sides testa- ceous yellow, somewhat rounded in front and thence straight to base ; interstices of thorax finely granulate; elytra brownish testaceous with irregular dark markings, with ten moderately strongly punctured strive on each, the alternate interstices distinctly but not strongly raised in ridges ; legs testaceous: the species somewhat resembles a small H. agua- ticus, from which it may be separated by the plainly raised ridges on elytra. L. 4-5 mm. Local; brackish and fresh water; Sheerness, Rainham, Gravesend, Whitstable, Merton (Surrey); Hastings ; Walton-on-Naze ; Glanyilles Wootton ; Brighton ; Deal; Liverpool district. H. aquaticus, L. (grandis, Ill.). Oblong; head and thorax iri- descent (greenish bronze or coppery), more shining in male than female ; antennz and palpi testaceous, tip of latter often dark ; thorax with in- ternal furrows angular, with round granulations, which are sometimes less distinct on disc; elytra rather broader at base than base of thorax, dise rather flat, with a rather strong broad depression a little before base, dark testaceous with more or less distinct dark markings ; on each elytron are ten rather strongly punctured striw, with the punctures round, gradually weaker towards apex ; between the first and second stria at Helophorus. | HYDROPHILIDE. 237 base is a short row of punctures; alternate interstices slightly raised ; legs testaceous ; underside thickly pubescent. L. 5-7 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. The v. equalis (H. equalis, Thoms., frigidus, Graélls) is perhaps entitled to be considered a species, but it comes very close to the type form, and the differences are to a great extent comparative: it is smaller, and as arule darker ; the sides of thorax are less rounded, and the surface less closely granulose ; the elytral interstices are not raised, and the depression before base is hardly traceable ; the posterior tarsi have the second joint almost double as long as the third instead of only one and a half times as long, and the last abdominal segment is simple, and not minutely serru- lated as in H. aquaticus. L. 4-6 mm. Apparently not uncommon, and standing in many collections under aquaticus. Esher, Lincoln, Repton, &c.; also from Scotland. In Mr. Matthews’ collection there is a specimen of H. aquaticus with the alternate interstices strongly raised ; it does not, however, appear to be anything but an abnormal form: it was taken many years ago in Oxfordshire. H. dorsalis, Marsh (quadrisignatus, Bach. ? eneipennis, Thoms. var.). Oblong; head and thorax iridescent, greenish or coppery, the latter granulate, with the granulations more or less obsolete on disc, in- ternal furrows angular in middle; elytra at base wider than base of thorax, dark bronze with distinct testaceous patches and markings, which are more or less regular, two before middle and two towards apex being usually especially conspicuous ; punctured striz strong, interstices rather convex but not raised ; underside dark, abdomen sometimes marked with yellow ; legs testaceous, claws black. L. 35-4 mm. Rare: Hammersmith Marshes (formerly), Hampstead, Wimbledon, Claygate Lane (Esher); Hastings; Exeter; Holm Bush, Brighton; Glanvilles Wootton ; Malvern; Northumberland district, rare; recorded from Dollar in Murray’s Catalogue, but con- sidered to be doubtfully Scottish by Dr. Sharp. H. weneipennis, Thoms. (granularis, Gyll., granularis v. obscurus, Muls.). Oblong or oval-oblong ; head and thorax iridescent, antenne and palpi testaceous, tip of latter sometimes dark ; internal furrows of thorax always plainly angular in the type form; elytra dark testaceous, or, more commonly, of a dark brownish-bronze colour with a distinct metallic reflection ; punctured strie rather strong, interstices somewhat convex, but not raised ; legs testaceous, claws dark. L. 3-43 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout England and Wales and Scotland; Ireland, near Waterford, and probably common. Of all the species of Helophori this is the most variable ; several new species have been split off from it, and any one who examines a long series of specimens from various localities would have no difficulty in forming several others; H. dorsalis, Marsh, has been retained as a 238 HYDROPHILIDR. [Helophorus. species, but this also is by some authors referred to H. wieipennis; the chief varieties to be noticed are the following :— V. planicollis (H. planicollis, Thoms.). Rather narrower than the type with the sides more parallel, the elytra being longer in propor- tion to thorax ; the thorax is flatter, and has an evident depression just in front of the middle of the central channel ; the femora are dusky black on the basal half (in the type only faintly darker at the extreme base) ; the punctures in the strie of the elytra are very evidently finer and closer, and the interstices are flatter and a little narrower. Apparently not uncommon in the mountainous districts of Scotland and Ireland, but not found hitherto in England ; it occurs as far north as Shetland. V. strigifrons (H. strigifrons, Thoms.). Allied to the preceding variety, and also to the type form ; it is, on the average, a little larger than either ; the elytra are more strongly dilated behind the shoulders, and they have a broad reflexed margin, the space beyond the last stria being hardly, if at all, narrower than the widest interstice ; the sides of the thorax are more regularly rounded ; the longitudinal furrow on the head (which in type enetpennis and v. planicollis widens out forwards) is uniformly narrow; the internal furrows on the thorax are less angu- lated, and the alternate interstices are elevated ; from v. planicollis it differs in having the punctures on the elytra much larger and not so close, and the femora almost entirely testaceous. (See Ent. Mo. Mag. xiii. 39, 40 ) Apparently not uncommon in Scotland and Ireland, but not recorded from England. V. crenatus, Rey. Allied to both the preceding varieties; it has a less thick-set form than »v. strigifrons, and the sides of the thorax more rounded ; from v. planicollis it differs in not having the frontal furrow widened in front, and in haying the elytra more strongly crenate-striate than in that species. Recorded from England by M. Pandellé, and probably to be found in our collec- tions. H. laticollis, Thoms. (Idw@, Power). This species, although re- lated to H. wneipennis, appears to be very distinct; the thorax is broader, with sides more regularly rounded, and more convex, with the central furrow, and in fact all the thoracic furrows, narrower, shallower, and more even; the internal pair are not angular, and the outer pair are distinctly parallel to the margin ; the elytra are more parallel-sided, of a dark brownish colour, sometimes but not often metallic, with stronger, somewhat crenate striz, and narrow interstices ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is stouter, and is usually entirely black (a character which at once distinguishes the species) ; legs brownish testaceous. L. 3-4 mm. Taken by Dr. Power in.some numbers at Woking, but not apparently recorded from any other locality. Helophorus.} HYDROPHILID®. 239 H. Mulsanti, Rye. (dorsalis, Muls., nee Marsh). Oblong; head and thorax bronze green or coppery, iridescent, the latter with the sides often paler; internal furrows of thorax sinuous ; alternate interstices of elytra slightly raised : this species somewhat resembles H. brevipalpis, from which it may be distinguished by its slender palpi and larger size ; from light specimens of H. eneipennis the sinuous internal furrows of thorax will separate it; while from H. afinis it differs entirely in size, shape, and sculpture; from all three the slightly raised interstices of elytra will distinguish it; the underside is hardly pubescent; legs testaceous. L. 33-4 mm. Local; not uncommon near London, Lee, Chatham, Rainham, Darenth Wood, Dorking, Wimbledon, Mickleham, Earlswood ; Lymington Salterns ; Liverpool (taken commonly by Crotch) ; Scotland, local ; abundant in pools of salt water by the side of the Nith below Dumfries, but not recorded from any other locality. H. affinis, Marsh (Erichsoni, Bach., dorsalis, Er., griseus, Thoms.). One of our smallest species; head and thorax usually very strongly metallic, bright green or bright red, the latter almost smooth on disc ; antenne and palpi yellow-testaceous, tip of last joint of latter sometimes dark ; elytra lighter or darker testaceous with dark markings distinct, punctured strie not very strong, interstices broad and flat; legs testa- eeous. L. 2-3 mm. This species does not appear to be nearly as common as H. brevipalpis, with which it appears to be mixed in collections. Dr. Sharp considers that it is doubtful whether it occurs at all in Scotland: it may easily be distinguished from H. brevipalpis by the elongate last joint of the maxil- lary palpi, and ina less degree by the broader and flatter interstices of the elytra; in this latter point, however, it is somewhat variable. In Mr. Matthews’ collection there is a large specimen 4 mm. in length. H. brevicollis, Thoms. (granularis, L.1, griseus, Herbst. ?). This is a somewhat doubtful species ; it closely resembles the preceding, but the elytra are somewhat narrower, more parallel-sided, and more pointed at apex ; the disc of the thorax is distinctly granulated, and not smooth or nearly smooth as in the preceding species ; the interstices of the elytra are narrower and more convex ; from the succeeding species it is distin- guished by the elongate last joint of the maxillary palpi. L. 2-25 mm. Rare; two specimens recorded by Mr. Blackburn from Killarney, and two in Dr. Power’s collection from the London district that seem to agree with a type specimen sent me by M. Bedel, are all that I know of, but it is very likely mixed with the pre- ceding in many collections. H. brevipalpis, Bedel (griseus, Er., granularis, Thoms.). Colour rather variable; head and thorax iridescent, but sometimes dull; antenne and palpi testaceous or more or less dark, last joint of latter dilated at base, not elongate ; thorax granulate on disc as well as at sides; elytra lighter or darker testaceous with dark markings plainly visible, with rather strong punctured striz, interstices not broad and slightly convex ; legs brownish testaceous. L. 2-24 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. 240 HYDROPHILIDE. [ Helophorus. As the great confusion that has arisen with regard to these small species of Helophori is in great measure due to the indi-criminate way in which the names griseus and granularis have been applied now to one species and now to another, they have been entirely dropped, it being quite impossible to determine which species have the prior claim to be called by these names, H. arvernicus, Muls. One of our most distinct species; head and thorax rather obscurely metallic, greenish or reddish ; antennz and palpi reddish, last joint of latter dilated, short oval ; thorax with sides rounded in front, contracted and sinuate behind, entirely granulated, rather dull ; elytra rather short in proportion to thorax, usually dark brown, but with the darker markings distinctly traceable, with strong and very strongly punctured striz ; interstices convex, alternate ones somewhat raised ; legs brownish testaceous. L. 3 mm. Local; a northern and mountainous species as a rule: once taken by Dr. Power at Horsell (Surrey) ; Snowdon ; banks of the Bollin, Cheshire ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, on sandy banks by the sides of rivers, Tweed, Solway, Clyde, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts. H. nanus, Sturm. Oblong-oval; head and thorax bronze with reddish or greenish reflection which is often absent, antenne and palpi testaceous, apical half of last joint of latter usually dusky ; thorax with almost straight, even, and regular furrows, the spaces between being almost smooth and shining, that between the last furrow and the margin being the most roughened ; elytra darker or lighter brown with bronze reflection, with strong punctured striz, interstices rather narrow and somewhat depressed ; underside pubescent, black with a greenish metallic tinge; legs testaceous, tarsi somewhat darker; the sculpture of the thorax and the form of the frontal furrows will at once distinguish this species from any other: it is said to have only eight joints to the antennz instead of nine, the regular number, but this fact does not appear to have been satisfactorily established; if it is the case, the species must be formed into a new genus. L. 2-3} mm. Very local; taken abundantly by Dr, Power at Lee, Kent; Guestling, near Hastings (Butler); it has also occurred in Horning Fen: the species varies very much in size. HYDROCHINA. The members of this tribe have the clypeus truncate and not emargi- nate, and by this are distinguished from the Spercheina; besides the points before mentioned under Helophorus, they ditler from that genus in having the abdomen with six or seven segments instead of five. the last being often membranous; the short second joint of the posterior tarsi will also at once distinguish them ; all the species belonging to the tribe are very small: an account of our three British genera (Hydrochus, Octhebius, and Hydrena) will be found given by myself in the Ento- mologist for July, 1884. I have since then come to the conclusion that Hydrochina.] HYDROPHILID 2. 241 the old genus Henicocerus, Steph., should be separated from Octhebius, and I find that M. Bedel is of the same opinion : the peculiar formation of the palpi seems to afford a good generic character. I. Maxillary palpi with their last joint at least as long as the preceding. 1. Maxillary palpi much shorter than head and thorax; eyes very prominent . -. Hyprocuts, Leach. 2. Maxillary palpi at least as jong as head and thorax ; 5 eyes not prominent . . Hyprana, Kug. II. Maxillary palpi with their last joint subulate, shorter than the preceding. 1. Last joint of maxillary palpi very short, pee mate much dilated . . - HeEntcocrerus, Steph. 2. Last joint of maxillary palpi “half as long as the preceding, penultimate joint oblong, contracted HU APON Gee WleKstl,s 1st oe - © © « « e OctrHEBIUS, Leack. HYDROCHUWS, Leach. This genus comprises about thirty species, chiefly from Europe and North America; species, however, occur also in Asia (Siberia, India, and Ceylon), Northern Africa, and Oceania; the genus is also repre- sented in South America; they are easily distinguished from the other Hydrophilide by their projecting eyes, and the very strong punctuation of the elytra, of which the alternate interstices are often raised ; the under side is clothed with a silky pubescence ; the upper side is some- times black, but more often metallic and iridescent; the species are very poor swimmers, and their movements are exceedingly sluggish ; they are found attached to plants in stagnant or slowly moving water. Four out of nine or ten European species are found in Britain. I. Form short and thick; elytra broad oval, much widened behind middle . . . - . H. Brevis, Herbst. II. Form elongate; elytra oblong or + long oval, not much widened behind middle. i. 3rd and 5th interstices of elytra raised in ridges. 1. Ridges of 3rd and Sth interstices effaced behind ; length 3-4mm.. . H. Etoneatus, Schall. 2. Ridges of 8rd and 5th interstices not effaced behind ; lesgth 2}-3mm. . . . + H, carrnatus, Germ. ii. Elytra without any interstices raised in ridges . . H. aneusrarus, Germ. H. brevis, Herbst. Black or metallic black, rather shining ; head and thorax thickly and coarsely punctured, the latter scarcely longer than broad, sinuate before posterior angles, with seven irregular depressions, not very plainly marked as a rule, arranged in two transverse rows, three in front and four behind ; elytra ‘short, oval, much broader than thorax, considerably widened behind middle, and thence narrowed to apex, with very strongly punctured, crenate striz, alternate interstices raisel; underside pubescent, silky black ; legs rather slender, pitchy, or reddish black. L. 23-3 mm. Rare; Hoveton, Horning Fen, Woodbastwick (Dr. Power); Gumley, Market R 242 HYDROPHILIDE, [Hydrochus. Harborough (Rev. A. Matthews); Northumberland, Gosforth (Mr. Bold); Scot- land, very local, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, Tay, and Clyde districts (Perth, Dumfries, &e.). H. elongatus, Schall. Elongate, head and thorax metallie black or green, coarsely punctured, the latter plainly longer than broad, with five distinct depressions arranged in two transverse rows, the anterior con- taining three and the posterior two; elytra black or brownish with strongly punctured, crenate stri, alternate interstices raised in ridges, third and fifth effaced behind ; underside silky black ; legs pitchy: this is the largest of our species. L. 33-43 mm. Widely distributed throughout England, although somewhat local; apparently commoner in the Midlands aud south than in the north; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Forth district only. Occasionally this species has the upper surface entirely metallic green or bronze. H. carinatus, Germ. Very like the preceding, but considerably smaller and narrower ; the depressions on the thorax are shallower, and may be reckoned as seven in number instead of five, as two are rather indistinctly traceable near the posterior angles ; the third and fifth inter- stices of the elytra, also, are not effaced behind as in H. elongatus. L, 23-22 mm. A fen species ; very local; first taken in 1859 in Holme Fen, Huntingdonshire, by Mr. Dossetor, and since then in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, and other localities near Cambridge. H. angustatus, Germ. Elongate; upper side usually metallic green or bronze, but sometimes the elytra are brown or violet, or the whole body is of a metallic violet colour or almost black ; head and thorax strongly punctured, the latter with five or seven depressions, the two outside ones in the posterior row being often obliterated; elytra with strongly punctured, creuate strie#, with none of the interstices raised in ridges ; this character will at once separate this species from the other three; underside silky black ; legs reddish, knees and extremities of joints of tarsi usually dark. LL. 2-33 mm. Common and widely distributed in the Midlands and south of England, but apparently less common further north: it is not recorded by Mr. Bold from North- umberland and Durham, and in Scotland is rare in the Tweed, Forth, and Clyde districts. HENICOCERWS, Stephens. This genus comprises three species, all European, of which we possess one as British ; they are found in running streams under stones, and occur chiefly in mountainous or hilly districts: the shape of the palpi and the difference of the sculpture of the thorax in the sexes serve to mark the genus. The transformations of Henicocerus exsculptus are described by Wailes (Ent. Mag. 1833, p. 256) and Westwood (Classification, i, 121): the species are found in the crevices of stones in rivulets, just level with or a little above the surface; the larva Henicocerus. | IYDROPHILIDA. 243 are found, in company with the perfect insects, in the autumn; they are anopluri- form or louse-shaped, measuring when full grown about 5 mm. in length, and 1 mm. in breadth; they are of a uniform black colour, and have the apex of each abdominal segment fringed with very short hairs; their food is probably mucor, and they prefer rough shiny stones ; when full grown, they leave the water, and construct, upon the edges of the stone, a small cell, by agglutinating together small particles of mud. These cells are sometimes very numerous, giving the fragment of stone a curious appearance ; the pupa is of an orange colour, and the imago, when hatched, gnaws its way through its prison. Mulsant (Palpicornes, Plate, Fig. 4) gives the figure of a larva that he believes to be that of H. granulatus: the head and thoracic segments are very broad, and the abdominal segments are gradually narrowed to the ninth which bears two moderately long, setose cerci, which serve as organs of respiration (I. ¢. p. 58). H. exsculptus, Germ. Colour variable, some examples being of a dull black, others shining bronze, while occasionally specimens are met with in which either the thorax or elytra, or the base of both, are of a bright metallic blue colour; head coarsely punctured in female, more diffusely in male, eyes rather prominent, antenne reddish, club dark ; thorax somewhat cordiform, strongly contracted behind, broadly dilated and flattened in front at sides, with a strong central furrow and two impressions on each side, one round, the other oblique; elytra short oval, considerably broader than thorax, with strongly punctured, crenate strie ; legs reddish testaceous, joints usually darker; in the male the thorax is very convex, rather finely and diffusely punctured ; the anterior impression is almost obsolete, and the posterior is reduced to a slender line ; in the female the thorax is flatter, and both impressions are very large and deep. L. 13 mm. Local and not common in England; North Wales; Church Stretton; Eggington, near Burton-on-Trent (very rarely) ; Halifax; Northumberland ; Scotland, common, Tweed, Forth, Solway, Clyde, and Moray districts. OCTHEBIUS, Leach. This genus comprises about fifty species, which are widely distributed over the surface of the globe from the north of North America to South Africa ; the greater part, however, occur in the northern and temperate regions of the world; they are found in both stagnant and running water ; some species are confined to brackish ponds and ditches, and according to M. Bedel some occur exclusively in muddy cavities in rocks which are covered by the sea at high tides: the chief points of distine- tion between the species are found in the sculpture of the dise of thorax, the membranous border or posterior angles of the thorax (which latter are often excised and filled with membrane), and the sculpture of the elytra; the sculpture of the disc of thorax is chiefly of two kinds, and consists either of a central furrow with a transverse line above and below it (like an } laid on one side), the under line being more or less curved, and secondly of a central furrow with two impressions on each side, the front ones circular, and the posterior ones oblique and con- verging towards the base of the central furrow, presenting the appearance R 2 244 HYDROPHILIDE. [ Octhebius. of a straight line with a semicolon, more or less distinct on each side of it (¢]> ). The transformations of Octhebius are described by M. Mathan, Ann. Fr. 1865, p. 201. About half the European species of Octhebius are found in Britain ; three of these, O. margipaliens, O. exaratus, and O. Poweri, are very minute, not, or scarcely exceeding 1 mm. in length; one, O. punctatus, is considerably larger, reaching 3 mm.; the remainder vary from 13— 2 mm. : in determining the species the character of size will be found of great service. I. Upper surface glabrous; length not exceeding 13 mm. ; elytra punctured in rows. i, ‘Thorax with a more or less distinet central furrow with transverse impressions above and below. 1. Transverse impressions of thorax continued to sides; length 1mm... . O. EXARATUS, Muls. 2. Transverse impressions of thorax “not con- tinued to sides. A. Length 1-1} mm.; elytra bronze . . O. MARGIPALLENS, Latr. B. Length 13 mm.; elytra more or less castaneous. . O. marinus, Pavk. ii. Thorax with well- marked central furrow, but no impressions on disc. 1. Head almost smooth; punctuation weak; colour golden-brassy . . - - O, xyeEvs, Steph. 2. Headrugosely punctured ; puactuation strong; colour dark brassy. . > O. premzxus, F. Thorax with central furrow and two well- Pmiikedt impressions (forming a more or less dis- tinct semicolon) on each side. 1. Length 1$ mm. ; legs red or reddish-yellow. A, Punctuation of elytra strong; strie distinct. a. Thorax unicolorous ; elytra longer . . O. BICOLON, Germ. b. Thorax with margins broadly red ; elytra shorter and more ovate. O. RUFIMARGINATUS, Steph. B. Punctuation of ves oad strize hardly visible . . > . - « O. NANus, Steph. (@ratus, Steph. ). 2. Length 1 mm.; legsdark . . . . . . O. PowerI, Rye. II. Upper surface strongly “pubescent ; length 3 mm. ; elytra confusedly punctured. . . ». « . . O, PuNOTATUS, Steph. O. exaratus, Muls. nant black, shining, elytra sometimes rather lighter ; head large, thorax transverse with a deep central furrow and two transverse furrows reaching sides which at once distinguish it from all the other species ; posterior angles broadly excised and filled with membrane ; elytra short oval, convex, with ten rows of strong, almost square punctures on each, which become feebler behind; legs red. L. 1 mm. Very local and as a rule rare: it has, however, been found in abundance by Dr. Power (who introduced it as British), ‘and also by Mr. Champion. Gravesend ; Whitstable ; Southend; Rainham; Lewes: it occurs in brackish ditches. Octhebius. | HYDROPHILIDA. 245 ©. margipallens, Latr. (pusillus, Steph.). Oval, moderately convex ; upper surface dark bronze with a more or less distinct greenish reflection ; thorax transverse, gradually contracted to base and furnished along both sides with a narrow membranous border that becomes gra- dually wider to base, with a central furrow and a transverse impression above and below, the latter often irregularly widened, and rather shallow and indistinct; elytra hardly broader than thorax with moderately strongly punctured strix, interstices rugose; legs reddish testaceous. L. 1} mm. Locally abundant ; occurs chiefly, but: not always, in brackish ditches ; Whitstable, Sheerness, Gravesend, Hanwell, Lewisham, Rainham; Bognor; Pegwell Bay; Bar- ate aut North Wales; apparently not found in the north of England, or in cotiand. ©. marinus, Payk. (var. pallidus, Dej.). Oblong, moderately convex ; head and thorax green or brassy-green or coppery ; the latter transverse, with margins sometimes testaceous, with a membranous border narrow in front and wider behind, marked on disc with a central furrow and a transverse impression in front and behind; elytra rather long, wider than thorax, reddish brown or castaneous, sometimes with a metallic reflection, with ten punctured strie on each, the punctures being moderately strong and almost square ; in the lighter examples the strie are hardly apparent ; legs testaceous. L. 1{ mm. Brackish ditches ; rather common and widely distributed along the sea coast ; not so common in the north; Scotland, local, Forth and Solway districts. O. wneus, Steph. Ovate, very shining; head and thorax of a brilliant metallic golden or golden-coppery colour, margins of latter reddish testaceous ; thorax rather diffusely punctured with sides con- tracted towards base, posterior angles excised and filled with membrane ; disc with a central furrow and no other distinct impressions; elytra rather broad, widest behind middle, of a light brown or testaceous colour with brassy reflection, punctured striez rather weak; apex of elytra somewhat acuminate ; legs testaceous. L. 1{ mm. Rare; taken by Dr. Power at Birdbrook (Essex), Cowley (near Uxbridge), Han- well, and Horsell, also by Mr. Blatch in the Isle of Wight; it has also occurred at Putney and Woking ; it is found in stagnant fresh-water ditches. O. pyemeeus, F. (impressus, Marsh). Ovate, dark bronze, with a slight greenish reflection ; thorax transverse, strongly punctured, narrowed behind, posterior angles rather narrowly excised and filled with mem- brane, marked on disc, as in the preceding species, with a central furrow and no other distinct impressions; elytra oval, widest behind middle, with a rather strong lateral margin, punctured stri strong, interstices tugose ; legs reddish testaceous. L. 1$ mm. Stagnant ponds and ditches; the commonest species of the genus in the Mid- lands and south of England; not so common, apparently, further north ; Scotland, local, and found as yet only near the coast, Tweed, Forth, and Solway districts : as a rule, it is by no means a maritime insect; it is easily distinguished frem the 246 HYDROPHILID&. [ Octhebius. preceding species by its much darker and less metallic colour, and the much stronger sculpture of the elytra. O. bicolon, Germ. (impressicoilis, Cast.). Upper side bronze or bronze-brown, shiny ; thorax very transverse, very strongly punctured with sides contracted behind, posterior angles excised and filled with membrane, disc marked with a central furrow and two strong impressions * on each side, the anterior circular, the posterior oblique or almost semi- circular, forming together a semicolon; elytra with strongly punctured strie ; legs reddish testaceous, tarsi darker. L. 1? mm. Ponds and ditches, inland, and near the coast, usually the latter; rather common and widely distributed in England and Wales; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Forth and Solway districts. O. rufimarginatus, Steph. Closely allied to the preceding species, of which it is considered by most authors to be merely a variety ; it is distinguished by its shorter form, the elytra being considerably shorter and thicker in proportion than in O. bicolon, duller appearance, and the broadly reddish margins of thorax. L. 14-14 mm. Rare; stagnant ponds and ditches both fresh and brackish; Sheerness, Maid- stone, Birdbrook, Lee, Tottenham; Hastings; Scarborough; Northumberland, The Wansbeck ; I have taken it at Repton, Burton-on-Trent, in flood rubbish, unaccom- panied by the previous species. Scotland, local, Lowlands, Forth and Solway districts. ©. nanus, Steph. (eratus, Steph.). Oblong-ovate, dark-bronze, almost black; head large, eyes very prominent; thorax transverse, but rather longer than in some of the preceding species, sides excised from a little behind middle and filled with clear white membrane ; elytra with rows of rather weak punctures set in very feeble, almost obsolete, striz ; apex of elytra almost truncate; legs reddish, knees darker: the duller and less metallic colour and smoother elytra will at once distinguish this from the preceding species. L. 13-1$ mm. Brackish ponds and ditches ; also in fresh stagnant water; local, but not uncommon in the Midlands and south of England, but not recorded from the extreme north or from Scotland. Whitstable; Sheerness; Ramsgate; Deal; Hastings; Shoreham Brighton ; Hunstanton ; Southport; Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire Fens. O. Poweri, Rye. Elongate-ovate, dull, pitchy-black ; thorax trans verse, strongly dilated in front and contracted behind, coarsely punctured, anterior angles somewhat prominent, posterior angles excised and filled with membrane, dise with a central furrow and two impressions on each side ; elytra with strongly punctured striz ; legs reddish, knees and tarsi dark ; the palpi also are pitchy. L. 1 mm. One specimen taken by Dr. Power at Seaton, Devonshire, and several by Dr. Sharp and Mr. Crotch near the Chesil Bank, Weymouth. The small size of this species prevents its being confounded with any other except O. eraratus, and small specimens of O. margipallens, from both of which the sculpture of the thorax at once distinguishes it. ‘ Oethebius. | HYDROPHILIDE. 247 O. punctatus, Steph. (Aibernicus, Curt.). Elongate, dark-brassy, somewhat iridescent, upper surface clothed with long pubescence ; thorax transverse, with sides rounded, posterior angles excised and filled with membrane, disc with a dorsal furrow and two impressions on each side ; there are also two lateral impressions united by an impressed line ; elytra thickly and confusedly punctured ; legs reddish testaceous, tarsi dark ; the apex of palpi is also dark. L. 3 mm. Local; occurring only in the south-east and south of England: Sheerness ; Worthing; Isle of Wight; Lymington Salterns; Pegwell Bay; O. hibernicus, which appears to be synonymous with this insect, has been taken near Belfast and Portmarnock. . (I have received from Mr. W. G. Blatch a specimen of Octhebius which was taken by himself at Clacton-on-Sea, and returned to him from the Continent as O. impressicollis, Lap.: the specimen appears to agree with a rather dull reddish variety of O. bicolon taken by Mr. Champion in Sheppy, and forms perhaps the connecting link between this latter species and O. rufimarginatus. The synonymy in the last European catalogue is as follows: O. bicolon, Germ. = striatus, Lap. = rujimarginatus, Steph.; O. impressicollis, Lap. = bicolon, Steph.) HYDRENA, Kugelann. About thirty species are comprised in this genus, chiefly from Europe, but afew come from North America, Teneriffe, &c., and one from Australia ; they are chiefly remarkable for their very long maxillary palpi; they are usually black or reddish brown, and have no metallic lustre like the Octhebii; they are, as a rule, found in running water, attached to stones or logs; like their allies they are very poor swimmers ; the males and females differ considerably in the shape of the palpi and tibie, and also sometimes of the femora: the species are in many cases hard to deter- mine; the chief characters are found in their general shape and colour, and also in the number of the rows of punctures between the suture of the elytra and the humeral angle; the under surface is clothed with thick silky pubescence. I, Each elytron with more than six rows of punctures be- tween the suture and the humeral angle. i. Thorax testaceous with the disc at most darker, elytra more or less testaceous Se ioe teed aa) wees « Dc PESTAOHA,. Carte ii. Thorax dark with the extreme margins only testaceous H, PaLUsTRIs, Hr. iii, Thorax entirely dark. 1. Elytra with sides more or less rounded; thorax with oblique impressions indistinct; rows of punctures between suture of elytra and humeral angle 9 or 10. A. Size larger; elytra not dilated behind . H. R1paria, Kug. B. Size smaller; elytra dilated behind. . . H. ni@rira, Germ. 2. Elytra with sides almost parallel; thorax with two strong oblique or longitudinal impressions; rows of punctures between suture of elytra and humeralangle8 . . .. .. . +... . H.aneusrata, Séurm, 248 HYDROPHILIDS. {Hydrana. Il. Fach elytron with at most six rows of punctures between the suture and the humeral angle. i. Punctuation of elytra very strong and regular and plain to apex. 1. Length 2 mm.; elytra parallel-sided, rounded at apex only. Rast! stan nie seh Paaouae 2. Length 14 mm. ; elytra with sides rounded and dilated behind middle, sharply truncate at apex. H. atRicaPiLna, Wat. ii. Punctuation of elytra more or less confused, espe- cially towards apex. 1. Thorax cordiform, sides sinuate; elytra con- H. Graciuis, Germ. fusedly punctured. . . . ... =. . =. . H. Pramma, Wat. 2. Thorax hexagonal; elytra punctured in feeble rowson disc. . » . . « = »« » « » » » H, PULCHELLA, Germ. H. testacea, Curt. Head black, strongly punctured, palpi testa- ceous ; thorax about as long as broad, sides feebly angular in middle, contracted towards base, testaceous with disc darker, strongly and some- what rugosely punctured ; elytra testaceous, widened behind, each with eight rows of strong punctures between the suture and humeral angle ; underside black ; metasternum with three raised lines, the middle one bifurcate : this latter character serves to distinguish this species from all the others. L, 13-1$ mm. Loeal ; found in both stagnant and running water; Lee, Battersea Fields, Epping, Woking, Cowley ; Holm Bush, Brighton ; New Forest; Wicken Fen ; York ; Scot- land, rare, Lowlands : in pools by the side of the Cairn at Irongray in the Solway district. H. palustris, Er. Considerably smaller than the preceding ; head black, strongly punctured, palpi testaceous ; thorax black, quadrate, con- tracted behind, strongly punctured, with extreme margins usually plainly, but sometimes obscurely, testaceous; elytra considerably broader than thorax, rather widened behind, with nine or ten rows -of moderately strong punctures between the suture and humeral angle ; legs testaceous. L. 14 mm. Stagnant ponds and ditches; rare,and very local; it may usually be found sparingly at Askham Bog, York, and it has also been taken at Cowley (London district), and in Bewdley Forest. H. riparia, Kug. Rather elongate; head and thorax brownish- black, the former rugosely punctured in front, the latter with the length a little less than the breadth in middle of sides where they are slightly angular, and thence contracted in almosta straight line to base ; punctua- tion of thorax strong ; elytra brownish black or blackish with sides subparallel, not, or very slightly dilated behind, with nine or ten rows of almost square punctures on each between the suture and the humeral angle ; legs and palpi reddish testaceous. L. 2}-2} mm. Found in both stagnant and running water ; common and widely distributed through- out the country; Scotland, common, Lowlands; Ireland, near Dublin and Waterford, and probably common. H. nigrita, Germ. (pusil/a, Steph.). Very like the preceding, with Hydreena.| HYDROPHILIDE, 249 small specimens of which it is often confounded, but it is a smaller species ; the colour is darker, and the extremity of the last joint of the palpi is often, but not always, blackish ; the elytra are rather short oval with the sides rounded and much more evidently dilated behind than in the preceding species, and the punctures are almost round ; the lateral margin of the elytra is prolonged to the shoulder, whereas in H. nigrita it is effaced betore it reaches it. L. 13-2 mm. Usually found in running water, under stones ; local, and not common; Birdbrook (Hssex) ; Holm Bush (Brighton) ; Hastings ; Kuowle (Birmingham) ; Bewdley Forest ; Reptov, Burton-on-Trent ; Llangollen and other Welsh localities ; Hartlepool ; North- umberland district ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Tweed and Forth districts ; Treland, near Waterford (Dr. Power). H. angustata, Sturm. Rather elongate, black, or castaneous brown ; palpi testaceous, apex usually blackish ; thorax a little broader than long in middle where the sides are somewhat angular, sinuously contracted to base, with two deep oblique impressions, disc very scantily punctured, sides rather closely punctured; the lateral impres- sions also of thorax are very distinct; elytra rather parallel-sided, with eight rows of strong, almost square, punctures; legs reddish testaceous. L. 14-2 mn. Rare ; not found in the Midlands or south of England; Hartlepool ; Northumberland district (The Wansbeck, Wallington, &c.) ; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Tweed, Solway, and Clyde districts (Falkirk, Glasgow, &c.). It was first discovered in Britain by Dr. Power at Blair Bank, Polmont, Glasgow. This species is somewhat difficult to determine, but may be dis- tinguished from H. riparia, with which alone it is likely to be confused, by the distinct impressions of thorax, the sides of which are more sinuate towards base, and by the smaller number of rows of punctures on the dise of elytra, which give the insect a more coarsely punctured general appearance. H. gracilis, Germ. One of our most distinct species; narrow, elongate, and depressed ; of a shining black or dark castaneous colour with tbe elytra and margins of thorax often, but not always, lighter ; palpi reddish testaceous ; thorax about as long as broad with the sides dilated in middle in a rounded obtuse angle, rather coarsely punctured, more closely at sides than on disc ; lateral impressions distinct ; elytra long, parallel-sided, hardly broader than thorax, not contracted until a little before apex, with six rows of large and not very closely set punctures between the suture and the humeral angle; legs reddish testaceous, external margins of femora and tibiee sometimes dusky ; male with the femora slightly thickened and the posterior tibie ciliated on their internal margin. L. 2 mm. Local but not uncommon in the Midlands and the north of England, but rarer further south, and apparently not found in the London district and the southern coun- ties; Scotland, common both Lowlands and Highlands. H. atricapilla, Wat. (flavipes, Sturm, pusilla, Heer.). Head 250 ; HYDROPHILIDE. [Hydrena. black; thorax black or brown with margins more or less broadly tes- taceous, more closely punctured at sides than on disc, sides obtusely angled just behind middle in female, more rounded as a rule in male, rather strongly contracted to base ; elytra castaneous brown, oblong, with sides moderately rounded, apex obliquely truncate, with six rows of strong rather square punctures on each between the suture and humeral angle; male with the last joint of the maxillary palpi thickened and excised on its inner margin towards apex, so that the apex is pointed ; legs testa- ceous. L, 1-14 mm. Local; a northern species; usually found in running water attached to stones; Knowle, near Birmingham; Derbyshire; Scalby Beck, Yorkshire; Lancaster (River Lune) ; Northumberland district (The Wansbeck, Wallington, &c.) ; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, and Solway districts. H. pygmwa, Wat. (Siebold’, Rosh.). Rather short and broad, de- pressed, shining castaneous brown, disc of thorax usually more or less darker ; head black or dark brown; thorax cordiform, rather wide in front, strongly and sinuously contracted to base, coarsely and diffusely punctured, especially on disc ; elytra short and broad, more so in female than in male, with six rows of rather large but not deep punctures on each between suture and humeral angle, which are somewhat irregular, and behind the middle are hardly traceable ; apex rounded ; male with the femora a little thickened, and the posterior tibix strongly thickened inside from about middle to base ; female with the surface of the elytra somewhat depressed behind middle, so that the suture appears somewhat raised ; legs reddish testaceous. L. 14-12 mm. Rare; Scarborough ; Northumberland district (The Wausbeck, &e.) ; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Solway district only. H. pulchella, Germ. A small species, rather elongate and de- pressed, brownish or yellowish testaceous with the head black and the disc of thorax more or less dusky; palpi clear yellow; thorax broader than long in the middle where the sides are angled and thence contracted to base, rather strongly and moderately closely punctured ; elytra oblong- oval, with six rows of rather feeble punctures on each between suture and humeral angle, punctuation confused towards sides and behind middle, but usually more or less regular on disc; apex rounded; legs clear yellow-testaceous. L. 1-1} mm. Rare ; in running water; River Dove, near Burton-on-Trent ; Derbyshire; Scalby Beck, Yorkshire ; Stretford, near Manchester ; Northumberland district; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Forth, Tay, and Solway districts. These three species appear to present some difficulty, probably because the latter two are so rare that other species are mistaken for them: H. atricapilla may at once be distinguished by the truncate apex of its elytra, very strong and regular punctuation, and the thickened joint of the maxillary palpi in male; H. pygmcea by its thick broad elytra, more or less conftsed punctuation, and the thickened tibia of male; H. pul- chella by its feeble and irregular punctuation, small size, and lighter Hydrena.] HYDROPHILIDE. 251 colour; the latter species cannot be confused with any other except light specimens of atricapilla, from which it may at once be separated by the rounded apex of its elytra, and different sculpture. It is worthy of note that only two species of Hydrena (H. testacea and H. riparia) appear to occur in the London district, and only two or three species are found in the south of England, whereas all the British species, with the exception of H, palustris, are found in the Northumberland district, and in Scotland; this is the more strange as several of our rarer northern species (7. angustata, pygmea, pulchella, &e.) are found in France, and there is no reason why we should not find them widely distributed in England; it is quite possible that owing to their rarity and their minute size they have been passed over by collectors. SPHARIDIINZ. The second sub-family of the Hydrophilide, the Spheridiine, appear both by their structure and habits to form the connecting link between the Hydrophilide and the Silphide; they are, as a rule, terrestrial in their habits, and were accordingly named Geophilides by Mulsant, as opposed to his other division Hydrophilides; several species, however, are subaquatic, being found in damp places, in moss by the side of ponds and streams, or even in the water; they feed on decaying vegetable matter, and may be found in great numbers in dung, especially that of herbivorous animals ; the species of the large genus Cercyon, in spite of their minute size, by reason of their countless numbers form one of our most useful scavenging agencies, and in conjunction with the Aphodii, Geotrupes, and other Necrophaga, do the greatest service in partly clear- ing off the dung through its consumption by their larve, partly in riddling it through and through with holes and galleries so that the rain is able freely to percolate through it and wash it into the ground. The Spheridiinz are, as their name implies, round, convex, sometimes almost hemispherical insects; they are sometimes fully striated, some- times smooth except for a sutural stria ; the maxillary palpi are not so strongly developed as in many of the Hydrophilide, but they are often as long as or slightly longer than the antenne; the onychium or last joint of the anterior tarsi is very long, as long as or longer than the four others united, and is often considerably dilated in the males; the first joint also of the posterior tarsi is elongate, a character which at once separates the family from the Hydrophilide, in which the first joint is very short and often hidden so that the tarsi appear tetramerous; the tibize are spinose and adapted for digging ; good generic characters are found in the shape of the scutellum, and also in the form of the meta- sternum, which as a rule is much longer than broad, but in Mega- sternum and Cryptopleuwrum is very broad, the breadth exceeding the length. The larve of this family are destitute or virtually destitute of legs, and in this differ widely from those of the Hydrophiliaz, which are furnished with distinct legs 252 HYDROPHILIDE [Spheridiine and are much more active: this is a natural consequence of their predatory habits ; the larve of the Spheridiinz, on the other hand, being entirely feeders on dung or decaying matter, and being hatched in the midst of their food, do not require to move from one place to another, and hence, as in many of the larve of the Diptera, &c., the legs are not developed. In Gemminger and yon Harold’s catalogue seven genera are enumerated, five of which are represented in the British fauna; they may be dis- tinguished as follows :— I. Elytra with sutural stria only. i. Scutellum in an ance triangle; pygidium hidden . . « wae le, 2. et @, EX OUOWOTDMwiere ii. Scutellum twice ‘as “Jong as broad; pygidium visible . . SPHzERIDIUM, F. II. Elytra regularly ‘punctured in rows, or with distinct punctured striz. i. Mesosternum narrow ; epipleure plainly visible along _meso- and meta- sternum ete . . « . CeERcyon, Leach. . Mesosternum very broad ; epipleurae wanting. ic Anterior tibie strongly emarginate externally at apex; thorax margined; upper surface without pubescence. . MeGastTEeRnuM, Muls. 2. Anterior tibie entire ; thorax not margined upper surface finely pubescent ils “ba CrYPrTorpLevRUM, Muls. (Figures of the undersides of all ee ive species are given by Mulsant in his Histoire Naturelle des Coleoptéres de France, Palpi- cornes, in the single plate at the end of the part.) CYCLONOTUM, Erichson. According to the Munich Catalogue this genus comprises thirty species, but several of these must be referred to Dactylosternum, Woll. ; they are widely distributed over the surface of the globe. Cc. orbiculare, F. Short oval, convex, shining black, upper surface distinctly and thickly punctured, funiculus of antennae, and tarsi, red; maxillary palpi shorter than antenna, last joint bluntly acuminate; posterior angles of thorax rounded ; scutellum large; sutural stria well marked from apex to beyond middle; legs short, femora broad, coarsely punctured. L, 4-5 mm. At roots of grass and under rubbish in marshy places, also in damp moss at the sides of ponds; common and widely distributed; often found in company with Chetarthria ; Scotland, somewhat local, but widely distributed, SPHZERIDIUM, Fabricius. This genus contains about twenty species, which are widely distributed, being found in Europe, South Africa, North America, Ceylon, Java, &e. ; they live in dung of herbivorous animals, in which they bore galleries ; our common species S. scarabeoides may often be seen on cow-dung in the hot sun, but at the least approach of danger it very swiftly disappears into its retreat. Spheridium.] HYDROPHILID®. 253 The larva of Spheridium scarabeoides is figured by Schiédte (i., Pl. vi., Fig. 1) : its shape is much like that of the maggot of the ordinary flesh-fly, the head being very narrow and the hinder portion of the body very broad in proportion; the colour is a dirty white with the mandibles blackish and the corneous parts fusco-testaceous ; the thoracic seuta are complete, that of the prothorax bearing four round foveze two on each side besides oblique impressions, and those of the meso- and meta-thorax (which are very short) being strongly and coarsely punctured ; the eighth segment bears four exserted conical appendages, and has a broad quadridenticulate apex ; the larva is virtually legless, but Schiddte considers the small projections on the under surface to be rudimentary legs wanting the tarsi. I. Margins of thorax and elytra not lighter; legs black ; elytra dark with apex broadly testaceous; length 54-6}mm. S. sCARABROIDES, F. II. Margins of thorax and elytra more or less narrowly testaceous ; legs testaceous ; length 4-53 mm. i. Each elytron with a red spot more or less distinct at APEX wegen sie ak epls | cl eevee fc es =f Oo BLEUSTUATIDM. t/0s ii. Elytra without spots at apex. . . . . . . . « var. MARGINATUM, F. S. scarabeoides, F. Aimost round, apparently truncate behind, whole upper surface very thickly and finely punctured, shining black ; antenne and palpi black, apex of last joint of maxillary palpi red; thorax with sides rounded and margined, base bisinuate, posterior angles slightly produced, almost right angles ; elytra as broad as thorax, with base and margins bordered, with an obscure, sometimes obsolete spot towards shoulder, and a transverse irregular testaceous band at apex, interrupted by the suture, which is always black ; sutural stria distinct from apex to beyond middle, effaced in front; legs black or pitechy some- times with reddish spots. L. 6-63 mm. Common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. S. bipustulatum, Fab. Shorter than the preceding and more depressed, shining black, upper surface densely and finely punctured ; thorax and elytra with margins more or less narrowly testaceous, the former with sides rounded and plainly bordered, posterior angles pro- duced and sharp ; elytra as broad as thorax with an obscure reddish spot towards shoulder, which is often obsolete, and a common irregular red- dish or reddish-testaceous spot at apex, which is not interrupted by suture ; sometimes the whole elytra is of a reddish colour with extreme margins lighter, in which case all the spots are indistinct; legs testa- ceous, femora usually with dark markings. L. 4-5} mm. The v. marginatum, F., has the upper surface entirely black with the margins of the thorax and elytra sometimes rather broadly, sometimes very narrowly testaceous. The v. semistriatum, Cast., has the elytra furnished with more or less distinct punctured striz or rows of punctures. Rather common, and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. CERCYON, Leach. This genus, according to the Munich Catalogue, contains about seventy 254 HYDROPHILIDE. [ Cercyon. species, which are widely distributed over the surface of the globe; many of them are very difficult to determine, as may be gathered from the fact that Stephens described no less than sixty species from Britain alone; the majority of the species live in the excrement of herbivorous animals, but some are only found in moss, &e., on the margins of ponds or streams, while a few live under sea-weed and decaying vegetable matter on the sea coast in localities that are often submerged at high water; they are all small, but vary considerably in size, and also in colour ; the chief points of distinction lie in the size, shape, and pune- tuation of the interstices of elytra ; in many cases the colour is a sure means of distinction, but occasionally it is misleading: the larva of C. littorale is described by Thomson (Skand. Col. ii. pp. 103, 104); it is pale testaceous, with the head ovate, the prothorax semicircular, and the mesothorax transverse ; the maxille are longer than the antennz, which are three-jointed ; the mandibles are sickle-shaped, sharp at the apex, with a sharp tooth on their inner margin; the abdomen is coriaceous with the last ventral segment tricuspid; there are no legs; it is found under sea-weed with the perfect insect. The larva and pupa of Cercyon analis are figured by Schiédte (i., Pl. vi., Fig. 8 and 24): the larva very closely resembles that of Spheridium scarabeoides, but the seuta of the meso- and meta-thorax are incomplete, and the eighth segment bears two short filamentous cerci and no conical appendages ; the legs are entirely wanting : the pupa of Cercyon is narrower and not so round as that of Spheridium ; it is not so thickly covered with the long appendages so marked in the pupme of the Hydrophilide, and called by Schiddte the “ styli motorii,” and the cerci attached to the last segment are longer. J. Upper surface depressed (species always found on the coast). i, Anterior tibia emarginate at apex; strie of elytra CinniuGilies een reo) G cle i 5 oo 6 8 ae ii. Anterior tibia simple at apex ; striw of elytra obso- Jete'towards apex "5 . 5) «@ « «© © © %e II. Upper surface more or less convex (species generally distributed). i. Thorax separately convex, forming an angle, when viewed sideways, with the convexity of the elytra. . C,. HmMoRRHOUS, Gy/l. ii, Thorax and elytra, viewed sideways, presenting an evenly rounded contour. 1. Punctuation of interstices of elytra distinct. A, Length 3-4 mm. a. Elytra slightly narrowed towards apex ; fourth stria of elytra parallel to third; size smialler’-is) “st etter Jo acre he ce He As Pally b. Elytra as broad in front as behind ; fourth stria of elytra approaching third ; size larger C. ossoLeTus, Gy/l. B. Length 2-3 mm. a. Sides of thorax concolorous with dise ; apex of elytra often prolonged into a tooth. a*, Elytra lighter or darker reddish brown . C. FLAvrPEs, F. b*. Elytra orange red with a well-marked triangular dark patch around seutellum . . C, MELANOCEPHALUS, L. b. Sides of thorax more or less broadly reddish or yellowish ; apex of elytra not prolonged. C. LITTORALIS, Gy/ll. C. DEPRESSUS, Steph. C. neMoRRHOIDALIS, F. Cercyon. | HYDROPHILIDE. 255 a*, Elytra dark with a well-defined apical yellowish patch extending upwards along margins to base. . C, aquaticts, Muls. b*. Elytra yellowish- testaceous with a. well- defined large common dark spot about middle C. UNrPUNCTATUS, ZL. c*, Elytra lighter or darker reddish brown with margins of thorax broadly and obscurely FECCIGM=ahayee~ | Pilea Ter cal) se ale ee Co LATRRATIOS Manse C. Length 1-2 mm. a. Lateral margins of thorax narrowly con- tinued along base, for at all events some little distance ; elytra yellow-testaceous. a*, Size larger, strie deeper . . . . . C. Quisquiuius, D. b*. Size smaller, striz feebler. . . . C. nreRicers, Marsh. b. Posterior margin of thorax not bordered. a*, Size smaller; elytra not acuminate at apex. a}. Inner strie of elytra confused and feeble towards base; form shorter . . C. PY@mzus, III. bt. Inner striz of elytra very a at base; formlonger . . . C. Terminatus, Marsh. b*. Size larger ; elytra acuminate at ‘apex . C. anauis, Payk. 2. Punctuation of interstices of elytra indistinct or absent. A. Striz of elytra continued to apex. a. Elytra duller than thorax; second joint of maxillary palpi not or only slightly dilated . C. LuGUBRIS, Payk. b. Elytra as shining as thorax; second joint of maxillary palpi considerably dilated. . . . OC. @RANaARIUS, Hr. B. Strie of elytra not continued to apex. . . . C. minutus, Muls. C. littoralis, Gyll. Oval, depressed, black, shiny, thickly punc- tured ; clypeus emarginate at apex; thorax transverse with the sides rounded ; elytra with punctured striae which are deeper towards apex, interstices thickly punctured ; apex broadly testaceous; legs pitchy or reddish ; anterior tibize excised externally before apex; the colour is somewhat variable, the thorax and elytra being sometimes margined with red ; occasionally the whole insect is reddish, or the elytra are pale red and the thorax darker ; the colour, however, depends in great measure on the maturity of the insect. L. 2-31 mm. A maritime species ; found on the coast, often below high-water mark under decay- ing sea-weed, rubbish, "ke.; common and widely distributed in England and Scotland ; Ireland, near Belfast ‘and Baldoyle, and probably common. C. depressus, Steph. (dorso-striatum, Thoms.). Very like the pre- ceding, but distinguished by having the anterior tibie entire, the clypeus subtruncate or rounded at apex, and by the fact that the elytral strize are evanescent towards apex ; the colour is somewhat more variable as a rule, and the punctuation of the interstices of the elytra is rather more obsolete, but these latter characters are not to be depended upon ; the average size is rather smaller. L. 2-3 mm. Found under the same circumstances as the preceding, but much less common ; Devonshire; Weymouth; Hayling Island; Isle of Wight (Ryde, Ventnor, &e.); 256 HYDROPHILID2. [Cereyon. Shoreham ; Deal; Whitstable; Swansea ; Northumberland district (very rare); not recorded from Scotland ; Ireland, recorded from Baldoyle, but this may be in error; I am rather inclined to think that Mr. Bold was mistaken in his Northumberland record; he says that he had only seen two or three local specimens, and these appi- rently were not captured by himself. Cc. hemorrhous, Gyll. (ustulatus, Preys., hemorrhoidalis, F.). Oval, convex, thickly punctured, shining black with the apex of elytra red, the colour being usually distinctly marked; thorax separately convex, gibbous, slightly depressed at base (‘‘prothorace pulvinato,” Thoms. ; “pronotum bombé isolement, tombant a la base,” Bedel), sides rounded and finely bordered ; elytra somewhat depressed on disc, with plainly marked stri, the external ones more plainly punctured than the dorsal ; legs brownish, or reddish brown, tarsi lighter. L, 3-3} mm. At roots of grass, under rubbish, in moss, &c., in damp places; sometimes under stones or in damp and decaying wood; it rarely occurs in dung; as a rule common and widely distributed in England and Wales, but not so common further north ; Scotland, local, Lowlands, Forth and Solway districts ; [relaud, near Dublin. The shape of the thorax, if viewed sideways, will at once distinguish this species. C. hemorrhoidalis, Herbst. (¢mpressus, Sturm). Short oval, thickly and finely punctured ; head and thorax shining black, the latter with sides rounded and more narrowed in front than in the preceding species, with a very short but distinct longitudinal impression at base just in front of scutellum ; this impression is often present, but less dis- tinct in the preceding and following species ; elytra somewhat depressed on dise, black towards base and thence gradually reddish to apex, the colour being suffused and not distinctly marked off; striz punctured, the fourth straight, interstices wide, finely punctured ; legs brownish, femora darker. L. 3-3} mm. In dung, &e ; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. C. obsoletus, Gyll. (Jugubris, Ol.). The largest of our species ; oval, as broad in front as behind, thickly and finely punctured, shining black with the apex of elytra reddish ; thorax convex, with sides rounded and margined; elytra a little broader than thorax, rather depressed on disc, with fine punctured stria ; legs reddish brown, tarsi usually paler; the fourth stria of the elytra is not straight, and gradually approaches the third, so that the fourth interstice is narrowed for part of its length ; the interstices are distinetly punctured. L. 3-4 mm. In dung, &c.; local, and asa rule not common ; London district, generally distri- buted; Hastings; Birmingham; Burton-on-Trent ; Swansea ; Northumberland dis- trict, rare ; Scotland, scarce, Lowlands, Tweed, Forth, and Solway districts ; Ireland, near Waterford (Power) and Dublin. C. aquaticus, Muls. Oval, not very convex, thickly punctured ; head shining black ; thorax black with margins reddish ; elytra a little broader than thorax with fine punctured striw, which become feebler to Cereyon. | HYDROPHILID&, 57 towards apex, black with the apex yellowish testaceous or reddish, the colour being very distinctly marked and continued along the margins to base ; legs reddish, tarsi paler: the species may at once be distinguished by the colour of the elytra. L. 23-3 mm. At roots of grass, in moss, &c., in damp and marshy places ; local, and not common ; London district, Sheppy, &c.; Hastings; Devonshire; Heysham, near Lancaster ; Northumberland district ; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Tweed and Forth districts. C. flavipes, F. Oblong-oval, moderately convex, thickly punctured ; head and thorax black, antenne and palpi dark ; elytra lighter or darker reddish brown or reddish black, with the apex and more or less obsolete markings on dise and towards base lighter, with rather fine punctured strie, interstices plainly punctured ; legs reddish, femora darker ; the apex of the elytra is often prolonged into a sharp tooth which is dis- tinctly visible if the insect is viewed sideways, but this character is not always constant, and perhaps is sexual. L. 23-3 mm. In dung, &c.; common and widely distributed. G. lateralis, Marsh. Very like the preceding in size and general appearance ; head black, shining ; antenne and palpi red, club of former darker ; thorax black with sides broadly and obscurely reddish ; elytra reddish brown with the apex and other more or less obscure markings lighter, or the ground is lighter with obscure darker markings ; strie fine, punctured, interstices distinctly punctured: this species may easily be distinguished from the preceding by the reddish sides of thorax and lighter mouth organs. L. 2-3 mm. In dung; also by sweeping ; common and widely distributed. C. melanocephalus, L. Oblong-oval, convex, shining ; head and thorax black, antennzand palpi dark ; elytra with fine punctured striae, bright orange red with the seutellum and the region about it black in the form of a distinct triangle ; there is also an elongate dark patch near shoulders at margin; interstices punctured; legs reddish testaceous, femora darker; as in C. flavipes the apex of elytra is often produced into a tooth. L, 2-3 mm. In dung, &c.; very common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. Cc. unipunctatus, L. Oblong-oval; head black, shining, thickly punctured ; thorax black with the sides sharply yellowish ; elytra rather depressed on disc, dorsal striz not distinctly punctured in middle, lateral strie reduced to rows of punctures, yellowish-testaceous with a large dark common spot about middle ; legs and sometimes part of the under- side reddish yellow. L. 2 3 mm. In dung, &c. ; common and widely distributed. Occasionally the dark spot is much smaller, and rarely it is quite obsolete. C. quisquilius, L. Oblong-oval ; head black, shining, thickly punc- s 258 HYDROPHILIDE. [Cereyon. tured ; antennze and palpi testaceous, club of former darker; thorax black ; unicolorous, or with the sides very narrowly pale at extreme margins, thickly punctured, with a fine border, which is continued on each side for some little distance along base ; elytra shorter and broader in proportion than in the preceding species and less narrowed at apex, entirely testaceous, suture sometimes somewhat dusky especially towards scutellum, with punctured stris which become much feebler at sides; interstices flat, thickly punctured ; legs reddish yellow or yellow: from immaculate examples of the preceding this species may be distinguished by its smaller size, shorter elytra which are more broadly rounded at apex, narrower pale margins of thorax, and more -closely punctured interstices of elytra. L. 13-2 mm. In dung, &c.; common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom. G. nigriceps, Marsh (centromaculatus, Sturm). Short-oyal ; head shining black, antenne and palpi yellowish red, club of former not darker ; thorax brownish-black with sides rather broadly and not sharply reddish, finely bordered, the border continued on each side along base ; elytra yellowish-testaceous with distinct punctured striw, usually with an obscure dark band or broad marking behind middle, which, however, is sometimes obsolete ; the internal striz are continued plainly to base ; meta- sternum with an oblique line on each side; legs testaceous. L.1—1} mm. In dung, &e.; not common ; Greenwich, Reigate, Forest Hill, Dulwich ; Hastings ; Norfolk; Edgbaston; Devonshire and Cornwall (Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth, &e.) ; Northumberland district ; Scotland, Solway district only. This species differs from C. quisquilius by its smaller size, more rounded posterior angles of thorax, more broadly red margins of thorax, and the more finely punctured interstices of elytra. C. pygmeeus, II]. Oval, somewhat oblong, moderately convex ; head and thorax black, rather finely punctured, the latter with the base not bordered towards sides ; elytra narrowed towards apex, very variable in colour, sometimes black with apex reddish, sometimes entirely reddish with the region round scutellum and shoulders black, and presenting many variations between these extremes ; strie of elytra rather fine and not strongly punctured, the inner ones obsolete towards scutellum, inter- stices punctured ; metasternum with an oblique line on each side; elytra somewhat rugose at base; legs reddish testaceous. L. 1-1} mm. In dung, &c. ; common and widely distributed. This species comes very close to C. nigriceps, but is more narrowed at apex of elytra, and is always furnished with a dark patch around seutellum ; the colour of the thorax, which is unicolorous black, will also distinguish it, and the fact that the inner strie in C. nigriceps are distinct at base, whereas in C. pygmeus they are obsolete near scutellum. C. terminatus, Marsh (scufellaris, Steph., plagiatus, Er.). Rather Cercyon. | HYDROPHILIDZ. 259 long oval, convex, shining; head and thorax black or brownish-black, closely and rather strongly punctured ; antenne and palpi testaceous, the former with the club elongate ; elytra variable in colour, either reddish testaceous with the base black, or black with apex reddish, or with dark longitudinal markings on each, leaving the suture, apex, and sides red, with plainly punctured strie, which are distinctly continued to base and apex; interstices rather strongly punctured ; metasternum without the complete lateral oblique lines which are found in the two preceding species ; legs reddish testaceous. L. 2 mm. In dung-heaps, &e. ; often caught on the wing ; local, and not common; Whitstable, Cobham, Greenwich, Forest Hill, Putney, Dulwich, Merton, Ealing, Hampstead ; Hastings; Exmouth; Manchester district; Northumberland district ; Scotland, rare, Tweed district ; Ireland, near Belfast : Dr. Power tells me that he has always taken a species flying (generally near a wood-stack), and that he has never found it in ung, From C. pygmeus it may be at once distinguished by its larger and longer form, the much stronger striz of elytra which are complete to apex, the stronger punctuatien of the interstices of elytra, and by the oblique lines on the metasternum being absent or abbreviated behind. C. analis, Payk. Ovate, shining; head and thorax black, finely punctured ; elytra black with apex reddish testaceous, narrowed gradually from a little behind middle to apex which is acuminate and somewhat deflexed ; elytra convex, with punctured strie which are continued to apex, interstices plainly punctured, with, as arule, two rows of punctures on their anterior half, and one row on the posterior; the ninth interstice has one row of punctures, and in this point differs from many of its allies; legs testaceous. L. 2 mm. In flood rubbish, bottoms of hay-stacks, decaying sea-weed, &c. ; common and _ generally distributed. C. lugubris, Payk. Oval, very convex, shining black ; head and thorax thickly punctured, antenne and palpi reddish or reddish-black ; thorax with the sides rounded and bordered ; elytra a little broader than thorax, convex, contracted behind, with punctured striee which are plainly continued to apex ; interstices depressed, almost impunctate, and alutaceous, so that the surface of the elytra appears almost dull; apex of elytra more or less distinctly red except at suture ; mesosternum narrow, somewhat lanceolate ; legs testaceous red. L, 14-2 mm. At roots of grass in marshy places, in flood rubbish, &c.; not uncommon; Lee, Sheerness, Shirley, Walton-on-Thames and London district generally ; Sussex, Devon- shire and southern counties generally; Midland districts; Liverpool; much less common towards the north ; not recorded from the Northumberland district, and rare in Scotland, Forth district only. C. granarius, Thoms. Very like the preceding, from which it was separated by Thomson; the elytra, however, have more distinctly punctured and stronger striw, and the interstices are less alutaceous, so that the elytra appear more shining; the second joint of the maxil- 8s 2 260 HYDROPHILIDS. [ Cereyon. lary palpi is rather strongly dilated, and the mesosternum is oyal. L. 14-2 mm. This appears to be rather a doubtful species; I have specimens of what I believe to be @. dugubris taken together and mounted on the same card, which seem to vary in the dilatation of the second joint of the maxillary palpi, and in some of the Hydrophilide (e.g. Lim- nelius) this seems to be a sexual and not a specific character; with regard to the less alutaceous and more shining elytra it is quite possible that this also is sexual, as a double form of the female (shining and dull) is very common in the Hydroport at all events, and might be found in other families ; the character of the mesosternum appears to be the one most to be relied upon for its distinction as a species, Found under the same circumstances as the preceding, and probably overlooked ; Birmingham district; Walton-on-Thames; it is very likely that it is widely dis- tributed, but mixed with C. lugubris in our collections. C. minutus, Muls. (¢ristis, Ill.). This species also chiefly re- sembles C. /ugubris, but is easily distinguished from it by not having the strix of elytra continued to apex, so that the apex is smooth; the elytra also are less contracted and rounder behind, and the punctured striz are finer ; the mesosternum is somewhat narrower, and the legs and palpi as a rule a little darker; the interstices of the elytra are almost impunctate, alutaceous, and dull, as in C. lugulris ; this character will at once separate the species from OC. analis, L. 13-2 mm. Found like the two preceding in flood refuse, at roots of grass, in moss, &e, in marshy places, and like them not occurring in dung; not common; Notting Hill (formerly), Weybridge, Walton-on-Thames, Blackheath, Dagenham; Tewkesbury ; Scotland, Forth and Solway districts. \ It is very probable that this and several other of the rarer Cereyons are much commoner than they seem to be, as from their close resemblance to the common species they must often be passed over by collectors, who, as a rule, do not trouble themselves much about this genus. MEGASTERNUM, Mulsant. This and the succeeding genus, as remarked before, are easily dis- tinguished from Cercyon by the much greater width of the mesoster- num; from Cryptopleurum this genus may at once be separated by the anterior tibie being emarginate externally in front; it contains three or four species from Europe, Japan, and North America. IM. boletophagum, Marsh. Short oval, very convex, somewhat narrowed behind, smooth and shining, black, or dark pitchy brown ; antenns, palpi, and legs red, club of former darker, second joint of maxillary palpi dilated ; sides of thorax sometimes reddish; elytra with apex somewhat obscurely red, with rather distinct rows of punctures set in obsolete striz which are often hardly traceable ; interstices punctured; Megasternum. ] HYDROPHILIDS. 261 the emargination of the anterior tibiz is very strong, and at once dis- tinguishes the species. L. 13-2 mm. In decaying vegetable matter, rotting fungi, dung, &.; common and widely distributed. CRYPTOPLEURUM, Mulsant. This genus is remarkable for having the sides of the thorax broadly reflexed underneath and sharply angled in the middle of the margin of the reflexed portion ; it contains five or six species from Europe, South Africa, North America, and Ceylon, Cc. atomarium, Muls. (minutum, F.). Short oval, dull; head and thorax black, thickly punctured ; antenne and palpi reddish or brownish- red ; elytra black with apex red, the reddish colour often extending some little distance upwards towards base; at the shoulders also there ara often obscure lighter markings ; stries very strong, almost sulcate, and strongly punctured, so that the interstices appear somewhat raised ; in- terstices thickly and rather strongly punctured; legs reddish-testaceous ; the sculpture of the elytra will at once separate this species superticially from all our species of Cereyon and Megasternum. L. 13 wm, In decaying vegetable matter, dung, &c. ; common and generally distributed. Abar, Bon. « « « Acilius, Leach canaliculatus, Nic. fasciatus, De G. . suleatus,L. . . Acupalpus, Latr. . brunnipes, Sturm. cousputus, Duft. . derelictus, Daws. . dorsalis, FE... exiguus, Dej. A flavicollis, Sturm . Gyllenhali, Thoms. . vy. luridus, Dej. meridianus, L.. . Adelosia, Steph. . Adephaga . Aépus, Sam. . . . Sulvescens, Sam. . marinus, Strom. . Robinii, Lab, . . Aétophorus, Goeb...) uit & imperialis, Germ. . Agabus, Leach . . abbreviatus, F. . affnis, Payk. . . areticus, Payk. . biguttatus, Ol. . bipunctatus, F. bipustulatus, L. . brunneus, F. chalconotus, Panz. congener, Thunb. - conspersus, Marsh didymus, Ol. . . dispar, Bold . femoralis, Payk. Serrugineus, Steph. : fontinalis, Steph. . guttatus, Payk. . maculatus, L. . melanarius, Aubé . Schm.- IN DEX. PAGE PAGE 68 nebulosus, Forst.. . 193 207 nitidus, F. . 190 208 | paludosus, F. ys gil . 208 Solieri, Aubé . . . 197 208 | striolatus,Gyll. . . 194 nets | Sturmii, Schén. . . 195 38| tarsatus, Zett.. 196 Be, uliginosus, L. . . . 192 39| undulatus, Schr. . . 195 38] unguicularis, Thoms. 192 88 | vitreus, Payk.. . . 88 | Agonum, Bon, . . . 89 S6)|-Amarinal fo 3.) « 38| Amara, Bon... . . 68 acuminata, Payk.. . 75 67| alpina, FP... . . 71 1 apricaria, Sturm . . 70 > 424) -atilica; Panz, . 2. V1 . 124| bifrons,Gyll. . . . 73 124 | brunnicornis, Heer. . 77 . 125] communis, Panz.. . 78 consularis, Duft. . . 70 138 | continua, Thoms.. . 78 138 | convewrior, Steph.. . 78 188 convexiuscula, Marsh. 71 019 tcurtay Dey. te eo ee - 192} equestris, Duft. . . 71 . 195 eurynota, Dej.. . . 75 190| familiaris, Duft. . . 77 193)! edulva; DerGeoe.. .40) 196 | fusea; Dey... . . . 73 191| granaria, Dej. . . 72 196 infima, Duft. . ... 72 193 | ingenua, cian eee eek . 194} livida, F. . ates LO 193 lucida, Dutt i ae 192 lunicollis, Schiddte . 76 194} nitida,Sturm . .. 76 191 obsoleta, Dej.. . . 75 190 obsoleta, Duft. . . 75 - 190} orichalcica, Daws. . 73 el S77) ovata, Del gee te wD - 196 patricia, Duft.. . . 71 plebeia, Gyll. pretermissa, Sahib. . Quenselii, Schon. . rufocincta, Dej. . rufocincta, Sahlb. similata, Gyll. . spinipes, Auct. spreta, Dej. . strenua, Zimm. tibialis, Payk. . trivialis, Gyll. . vulgaris, Daws. vulgaris, F. vulgaris, Panz. Amphigynus, Hal. Amphizoide . . . Anacena, Thoms. bipustulata, Steph. globulus, Payk. limbata, F. . 5 limbata, Sharp . variabilis, Sharp . Anchomenina. . Anchomenus, Er. albipes, F. . . . angusticollis, F. . assimilis, Payk. . atratus, Duft. . dorsalis, Miill. . elongatus, Dej. . ericeti, Panz. Sulgens, Daws. fuliginosus, Panz. gracilipes, Duft. gracilis, Gyll. junceus, Scop.. . levis, Mill. . . livens, Gyll.. marginatus, L, micans, Nic. . v. meestus, Duft. . Miilleri, Herbst. . oblongus, Sturm . 264 INDEX. PAGE PAGE pallipes, Dej.. . . 88) femoratum, Sturm . 115 parumpunetatus, F.. 91| flammnlatum, Clairy. 119 pelidnus, Page, 94| fluviatile, Dej. . ay ily g piceus, L. - . 93) fumigatum, Duft.. . 106 picipes, F.. . - 93} gilvipes, Sturm . 109 prasinus, Thunb. . . 88} guttula,F.. . . . 104 puellus, Dej. . . 94! hemorrhoum, Steph. . 104 pusillus, Dahl. - 91! harpaloides, Serv. . 103 quadripunctatus,DeG, 94) lampros, Herbst. . . 109 Sahlbergi, Chaud. . 90 littorale, OL. . . . 117 scitulus, Dej. . . - 93) littorale, Bedel . 121 sexpunctatus, L. . . 89 lunatum, Duft. - 114 Thoreyi, Dej. . + 94! lunulatum, Foure. . 105 versutus, Gyll. - 92] Mannerheimi, Sahlb.. 104 viduus, Panz. . moe Mannerheimi, De}. . 109 Anisodactylina . - 54! melanocephalus,Steph. 103 Auisodactylus, Dej.. . 56) minimum, F. . . . 108 vy. atricornis, Ss - 56 monticola, Sturm . 112 binotatus, F. . - 56] nigricorne, Gyll. . . 110 1 a ane Steph. - 57] nitidulum, Marsh. . 111 y. spureaticornis . . 56! mnormannum, Dej.. . 108 Anthracus, Mots. . . 39; obliquum, Sturm. . 121 Argutor, Meg. . . . 66) obsoletum, Dej. . 115 obtusum, Sturm . . 104 octomaculatum, Geze 107 Badister, Clairv.. . . 29 olivaceum, Gyll. . . 119 bipustulatus, F, . . 30| pallidipenne, IH. . . 117 humeralis, Bon. . . 30| pallidipenne, Dej. . 119 peltatus, Panz. . . 30) paludosum, Panz.. . 121 sodalis, Duft. . . 30 prasinum, Duft. . . 119 unipustulatus, Bon. . 29) punctulatum, Drap. . 118 Batenus, Mots. - 89] pusillum, Gyll, . . 108 Bembidiina . . - 96] quadriguttatum, F. . 114 Bembidium, Latr. . 100 quadrimaculatum, wneum, Germ.. . . 105 Gyr - 114 adustum, Schaum. . 120 quadripustulatum, Dej. 114 affine, Steph. - 112) 14-striatum, Thoms. . 109 Andree, Dej.. . . 117 quinquestriatum, Gy. 103 Andreea, Er. . . .117 riparium, Ol. - . 105} anglicanum, Sharp .116| rufescens, Guér. . . 103 articulatum, Panz. . 107 rupestre, Daws. . . 120 assimile, Gyll. - - - 106| saxatile,Gyll. . . . 116 atroceruleum, Steph. 111] Schiippeli, Dej. . . 108 biguttatum, F.. . .105| Spencei, Steph. . . 106 bipunctatum, L. . . 118} Stephensi, Crotch. . 112 bisignatum, Serv... 104] stomoides, Dej. . . 112 brunnipes, Sturm. .111| Sturmi, Panz. . . . 107 bruxellense, Wesm. . 116] tempestivus, Steph. . 103 celere, F. . . . . 110] testaceum, Duft. . . 115 Clarki, Daws. . . . 106] tibiale, Duft. . . . 110 concinnum, Steph. 115| wstulatum, DT. . . . 117 currens, Steph. 103 ustulatum, Sturm . 120 decorum, Panz. lll varium, Ol... . 120 dentellum, Thunb. 119 v. vectensis, ‘Fowler . 116 doris, Panz. - 107] _ v. velox, Er, - 109 ephippium, Marsh . 119) velow, Daws. . - 118 Jfasciolatum, Duv. . 110) Berosus, Leach . 229 affinis, Brullé @riceps, Curt. . loridos, Gb: 3. signaticollis, Chirp. . spinosus, Stev.. . Bidessus, Sharp . . bisulcatus, Steph. . geminus, FP. . minutissimus, Germ. . parvulus, Panz. trifasciatus, Woll. uuistriatus, Schr. . Bipalmati . . . . Blechrus, Mots. . glabratus, Woll. maurus, Sturm Blemus, Daws. Blethisa, Bon. . multipunctata, L, Brachinina . . . Brachinus, Weber erepitans, L. . . explodens, Duft. . glabratus, De. sclopeta, F.. . . Bracteon, Bedel . Bradycellus, Er. . cognatus, Gyll. . collaris, Payk. . cordicollis, Wesm. Deutschi, Sahlb. . distinctus, Dej. Sulvus, Fairm.. harpalinus, Dej. placidus, Gyll.. . rufulus, Dej. « similis, Dej. . . verbasci, Duft. . Bradytus, es . Broscina = Broseus, Pauz. = cephalotes, lL... Brychius, ‘Thoms. elevatus, Panz. Calathus, Bon. . alpinus, Dej. . ambiguus, Payk. cisteloides, Panz. crocopus, Steph. erratus, Sahl, flavipes, Foure. JSlavipes, Payk, Sulvipes, Gyll, Suscipes, Gaze. fuscus, FP... oe + Vere Te 6 6 i wtp, © INDEX, PAGE PAGE melanocephalus, L. . 82] scutellaris, Steph. . 258 micropterus, Duft. 83 terminatus, Marsh 258 mollis, Marsh . . . 82 tristts, TU... 260 vy. nubigena, Hal.. . 82] unipunctatus, L. . . 257 ochropterus, Sturm . 82) ustulatus, Preys.. . 256 piceus, Marsh . . 83]|Chetarthria, Steph. . 232 rotundicollis, De. . 88 seminulum, Herbst, . 232 Callistus, Bon. . 32/Chleniina . . - 31 lunatus, F. 32 | Chlenius, Bon. - 32 Calosoma, Weber ‘ 9 holosericeus, F. - 34 inquisitor, L. 7 10} v. melanocornis, Ue 33 sycophanta, L.. . 10| nigricornis, F.. . 33. Campa, Mots.. . . .105| nitidulus, Schr. . 33 Carabide = ee Scare Dufts 2 0033 Carabine . - . . 45 éristis, Schall... 34 Carabina . . . . . 5] vestitus, Payk. . 33 Carabus, L. : 6| viridipunctatus, Gaze 33 WEDSIS; Mate To) sme 9 || Cicmndelidas: on at 2 auratus, L. . -). oi Croindelay ee cancellatus, Til. a9 campestris, L.. . . 38 catenulatus, Scop . 7] germanica,L.. . . 4 clathratus,L. . . . 8 hybrida, L. . = ene convexus, F. - 7] v. maritima, Dej.. . 4 vy. exasperatus, Daft. 8 sylvatica, L. Ava ks glabratus, Payk.. . 7|Cillenus, Sam. 2 RK granulatus, L.. . . 9] lateralis, Sam.. - 100 hortensis, Panz. . 7| Leachii, Dej. . 100 intricatus, L. 7|Clavicornia . . . . 217 monilis, F. . 9 | Clibanarius, Gozis . 88 nemoralis, Mill. - « 4%) Clivina, Latr. . 19 mitens, Ii. se SS collaris, Herbst. . 20 violaceus, LL. . . . 8] fossor, L. ows 120 Celia, Zimm. . 72 | Cnemidotus, Il. . . 156 Cereyon, Leach . 253 | cesus, Duft. . . 156 analis, Payk. . 259 | impressus, F. . . . 156 aquaticus, Muls. . . 256]|Cclambus, Thoms. . . 166 centromaculatus, confluens, F. . 168 Sturm. . . - 258] decoratus, Gyll. 168 depressus, Steph. . . 255] impressopunctatus, dorso-striatum, Thoms.255 Schall... 169 flavipes, F.. . . . 257} ineequalis, F. 168 granarius, Thoms. . 259| Jineellus, Gyll. 170 hemorrhoidalis, F. . 256| nigrolineatus, Zett. . 169 hemorrhoidalis, novemlineatus, Steph. 169 Herbst. . . - 256} parallelogrammus, Ahr.169 hemorrhous, Gyll. . 256 parallelus, Aubé . . 169 impressus, Sturm. - 256] picipes, FL. . . 169 lateralis, Marsh . . 257] quinquelineatus, Zett. 168 lugubris, Payk. . . 259] reticulatus, F.. . . 167 lugubris, Ol. . . . 256] versicolor, Schall... 167 melanocephalus, Ol. . 257 | Colymbetes, Clairv.. . 203 minutus, Muls, . 260 fuscus, L. . . 203 nigriceps, Marsh . . 258 | Copelatus, Er. 200 obsoletus, Gyll. . . 256 agilis, F.. A . 200 plagiatus, Er. . . 258] oblongus, Til. Bier e200) pygmwus, Ill. . 258] ruficollis, Schall. . . 200 quisquilius, L.. . . 257|Cryptoplearum, Muls. . 261 265 PAG atomarium, Muls.. . 261 minutum, PE. 3 - 26L Curtonotus, Steph. . 70 Cybister, Curt. . 206 Cychrus, F. 5 rostratus, GU: .-) 68 Cyclonotum, Er. . - 252 orbiculare, F. . . . 252 Cylindrodera, Westw.. 4 Cymbiodyta, Bedel . . 225 marginellus, F. . 225 ovalis, Thoms. . . 225 Cymindina. . . . . 134 Cymindis, Latr, . . . 134 angularis, Steph. . . 134 axillaris, F.. . . . 134 basalis, Gyll. . . . 1385 homagrica, Duft.. . 134 vaporariorum, L. . . 135 Demetrias, Bon. . . 139 atricapillus, L . 139 monostigma, Sam. . 139 unipunctatus, Germ, . 139 Deronectes, Sharp . 170 assiinilis, Payk. . 171 depressus, F. . 171 duodecim - pustulatus, Fo lrAl griseo-striatus, De G. Baily Fe latus, Steph. 170 Diachromus, Er. . 57 germanus, Er.. . . 657 Dichirus, Mannh. 57 Dichirotrichus, Duv. . 55 obsoletus, Dej.. 55 pubescens, Payk. . 55 Diversimanijpee 22 0. 25 Dromius, Bon, 140 agilis, F.. 142 JSasciatus, Dej. 143 linearis, Ol... 141 longiceps, Dej. - 141 melanocephalus, Dej.. 143 meridionalis, Dej.. . 142 nigriventris, Thoms, . 143 oblitus, Boield. . , 143 quadrimaculatus, L. . 142 quadrinotatus, Panz, 142 quadrisignatus, Dej. . 143 sigma, Rossi . 143 vectensis, Rye. 144 Dryptina 2. 147 Drypta, F. . 147 dentata, Rossi . 147 emarginata, F. . . 147 266 PAGE Dyschirius, Bon. . 20 eeneus, Dej.. . 23 angustatus, Putz, 23 elongatulus, Daws. . 23 extensus, Putz. . . 23 globosus, Herbst.. . 24 impunctipennis, Daws. 22 inermis, Curt. . 22 Jejunus, Daws.. . 23 nitidus, Dej. . . . 22 obscurus, Gyll.. . . 21 politus, Dej. . . . 22 salinus, Schaum . 23 thoracicus, Rossi. . 21 Dytiscide . . . . . 159 Dytiscina . . . . . 203 Dytiseus,L. . . . . 204 circumcinctus, Ahr. . 205 circumflexus, F. . 205 conformis, Kunze 205 dimidiatus, Berg.. . 206 dubius, Gyll. . 205 lapponicus, Gyll. . . 205 marginalis, L.. . . 205 perplexus, Lac. . . 205 penctulatus, FP. . . 204 septentrionalis, Gyll. 205 Elaphrinag. . .. . 16 Elaphbrus, F. . . . . 17 cupreus, Duft.. . . 17 lapponicus, Gyll. . . 18 ID ATIOS; WU leton antes sial f, uliginosus, F. . . 18 Empleurus, Hope . . 235 Enochrus, Thoms. . 225 atricapillus, Steph. - 225 bicolor, Gyll. . . . 225 melanocephalus, Ol.. 225 Enoplurus, Hope . , 229 Epaphius, Leach . 128 Briglenus, Thoms. . . 192 Europhilus, Chaud. 92 Feronia, Latr. . . . 60 Gaurodytes, Thoms. . 192 Graphoderes, Esch... 209 cinereus, L. . 209 Gyrinide ... . . 209 Gyrinus, Geoff. - 211 bicolor, Payk. . . 214 caspius, Mén.. . . 214 colymbus, Er. . . 214 distinctus, Sharp. . 213 INDEX. PAGE elongatus, Aubé . . 213 libanus, Aubé . 214 lineatus, Steph. 213 marinus, Gyll. . . 216 mergus, Ahr, . . 215 minutus, F. . . 213 natator, Scop... . . 215 v. opacus, Sahlb.. . 216 striolatus, Fowler . 215 Snuffriani, Scriba . 216 v. substriatus, Steph, 215 urinator, Ill, 213 Haliplide . 149 Haliplus, Latr, 151 afinis, W. C. . 154 amenus,Ol. . . 152 badius, Aubé . . 153 cinerens, Aubé. . 154 confinis, Steph. . . 152 Serrugineus, Gyll, . 154 flavicollis, Sturm,. 153 fluviatilis, Aubé 155 fulvus, F. : 154 impressus, F. . 153 lineatocollis, Marsh . 156 lineatus, Aube. . 152 mucronatus, Steph, . 153 obliquus, Er. . . 152 vy. pallens, Fowler . 153 parallelus, Bab. 153 ruficollis, De G. . 155 striatus, Sharp . 155 variegatus, Sturm , 154 varius, Nic. . . . 163 Harpalina . . - 42 Harpalineg . harass. Harpalus, Latr. . . . 42 wneus, FP. . arate) anxius, Duft. . . 53 atricornis, Daws., . 56 attenuatus, Steph. . 49 azureus, /. . - 45 brevicollis, Serv. . 47 calceatus, Sturm eS caspius, Stev. . . . 51 consentaneus, Dej. 49 convexus, Fairm. 53 cordatus, Duft. . 45 cribellum, Steph. . . 46 cupreus, Dej. . . . 51 depressus, Duft., . 51 diffinis, Dej. . . . 44 dimidiatus, Rossi . 51 discoideus, F. . . . 50 Fréhlichi, Sturm. . 52 griseus, Panz. . - 47 honestus, Duft. . . 58 ignavus, Duft.. . . 53 latus, L.. . - SL luteicornis, Dut. . 54 melancholicus, Dej. . 52 neglectus, Dej.. . . 53 obscurus, Daws. . . 44 obscurus,F. . . . 44 parallelus, Dej. . . 46 picipennis, Duft. . . 54 Proteus, Payk. . . 49 punctatulus, Duff. . 46 puncticollis, Fairm. . 46 quadripunctatus, Dej. 52 rotundicollis, Fairm,, 44 rubripes, Duft. . . 50 rufibarbis, F. a “a heeul ruficornis, F. . . .° 47 rufitarsis, Duft. . . 53 rupicola, Sturm . . 40 sabulicola, Panz, . . 44 serripes, Schén. . . 53 servus, Duft. . . . 52 v. similis, Dej.. . . 45 smaragdinus, Duft - 50 stictus, Steph. . - 44 stygius, Steph. . . 53 sulphuripes, Germ. . 54 tardus, Panz. . . 2 tenebrosus, Dej. - 50 vernalis, F. . . . 54 Wollastoni, Daws. . 50 Helochares, Muls. . . 227 lividus, Forst.. . . 22 punctatus, Sharp. . 227 Helophorina . . . . 233 Helophorus, F. . . . 233 geneipennis, Thoms, . 237 vy. equalis, Thoms. . 237 affinis, Marsh . . . 239 aquaticus, LL. . . . 236 arvernicus, Muls.. . 240 brevicollis, Thoms. . 239 brevipalpis, Bedel . 239 costatus, Geze . . 236 vy. crenatus, Rey. . . 238 dorsalis, Marsh 237 Erichsoni, Bach.. . 239 Srigidus, Graélis. . 237 grandis, Ill. . . 236 granularis, L., §c. . 239 griseus, Herbst., fe. 239 Ida, Power. 238 intermedius, Muls. 23 laticollis, Thoms. . 238 Mulsanti, Rye. . . 2 PAGE nanus, Sturm . nubilus, PF... . v. planicollis, Thoms. quadrisignatus, Bach. rufipes, Bosc. . « « rugosus, Ol. . . . v. strigifrons, Thoms. tuberculatus, Gyll. Henicocerus, Steph. . exsculptus, Germ, Hydaticina ... Hydaticus, Leach cinereus, IZ. . . Hybneri, Fn. seminiger, DeG. . transversalis, Berg. Hydrachna,F. . . Hydrena, Kug. . . angustata, Sturm . atricapilla, Wat. flavipes, Sturm gracilis, Germ. nigrita, Germ, . palustris, Er. . pulchella, Germ. . pusilla, Heer.. . pusilla, Steph. pygmea, Wat. . riparia, Kug. . . Sieboldi, Rosh. . testacea, Curt.. . Hydrobiina . . Hydrobius, Leach . fuscipes, L.. : oblongus, Herbst. : picicrus, Sharp . picipes, F. . . Hydrocharis, Latr. caraboides, L. . Hydrochina . . Hydrochus, Leach angustatus, Germ. brevis, Herbst. . carinatus, Germ. . elongatus, Schall. . Hydrophilide. . . Hydrophilina. . . Hydrophiline. . . Hydrophilus, Geoff. . PICENAs Viele evens Hydroporina. . . Hydroporus, Clairv, . ambiguus, Aubé angustatus, Sturm af euee pie. .6) fe ae eg Ashworthii, Power . assimilis, Payk. . atriceps, Crotch . . 240 . 236 238 237 236 236 238 235 INDEX. PAGE castaneus, Aubé . celatus, Clark. . . confluens, FF. . . Davisii, Curt.. . . decoratus, Gyll. . deplanatus, Aubé. « depressus, F. . : derelictus, Clark. discretus, Fairm.. . dorsalis, F.. . . - duodecim-pustulatus, elongatulus, Bold . erythrocephalus, L. . ferrugineus, Steph. . flavipes, Ol.. . . . fluviatilis, Steph... geminus, PF... - . 184 183 - 168 178 - 168 182 171 - 182 185 178 171 181 182 186 176 177 165 glabellus, Thoms: 185 granularis, L. . - 176 griseo-striatus, De G. 172 Gyllenhalii, Schiddte. 180 halensis, F.. . . . 178 inequalis, F. . . . 168 incognitus, Sharp. . 182 impressopunctatus, Sehall. .« . . « latus, Steph. . lepidus, Ol.. . . - 169 - 170 177 lineatus, F. . . 178 lituratus, FP. . . . 186 longicornis, Sharp . 183 longulus, Muls. . marginatus, Duft. . melanarius, Sturm melanocephalus, Marsh as Fee memnonius, Nic. . minutissimus, Germ. . v. monticola, Sharp . . 183 186 . 184 185 . 184 165 184 morio, Dej.. . . . 181 neglectus, Schaum . 179 nigrita, F.. . . . 185 nitidus, Sturm . 187 novemlineatus, Steph. 169 oblongus, Steph. . . 187 obscurus, Sturm . . 184 obsoletus, Aubé - 187 palustris, L. . . . 182 parallelogrammus, Aire cn ete 169 parallelus, Sharp : 183 piceus, Steph. . . 180 pictus, F. 5. =. 2 176 planus, F.” - 186 pubescens, Gyll. - 185 quinquelineatus, Z ett. 168 rivalis, Gyll. rufifrons, Duft. . . vy. Sanmarkii, Sahlb. Scalesianus, Steph. . 179 septentrionalis, Gyll. 177 tinctus, Clark. . 182 tristis, Payk. . . . 179 umbrosus, Gyll. . . 180 unistriatus, Schr.. . 165 versicolor, Schall. . 167 victor, Aubé . . . 186 vittula, Er.. . - 181 zanthopus, Steph. . 186 Hydrous, Leach. . . 219 Hydrous, Brullé . . 220 Hydrovatus, Mots. . . 164 clypealis, Sharp . . 164 cuspidatus, Kunze . 164 Hygrobia, Latr.. . . 158 Hygrotus, Steph. . . 166 Hyphydrus, Ill. . . . 165 Jerrugineus, I, . . 166 ovatus, L: . . . « 166 variegatus, Aubé. . 166 Tlybius, Er. . . . . 197 znescens, Thoms.. . 200 angustior, Gyll. . . 200 ater, DeG: .... « 199 fenestratus, F. . 198 fuliginosus, F.. . . 198 guttiger, Gyll.. . . 199 obscurus, Marsh 199 seadentatus, Schiédte 199 subzeneus, Er. . 198 uliginosus, Z.. . . 198 Intruncatipennes . . 25 Laccobius, Er. 228 alutaceus, Thoms. 228 bipunctatus, F, 229 minutus, L. . . . 228 nigriceps, Thoms. 228 sinuatus, Mots. 228 Laccophilina . . . . 160 Laccophilus, Leach . . 161 hyalinus, De G., fe. 161 interruptus, Panz. 161 minutus, Er. . . . 161 obscurus, Panz. . 161 variegatus, Germ. . 162 Lemostenus, Bon. 84. Lagarus, Chaud.. . 67 Lamprias, Bon, . . .136 Hiebiina) -. sie oe Lebia, Latr. . . - 136 chlorocephala, Hoff. . 137 268 erux-minor, L. . . cyanocephala, L.. . hemorrhoidalis, F. marginata, Foure. . scapularis, Foure. turcica, F. . “eed Leiochiton, Curt. nes Deistus, Hrohs |.) 2s ferrugineus, Ts fulvibarbis, Dej. . montanus, Steph.. rufescens, F. . . spinibarbis, F.. . . spinilabris, Panz. . terminatus, Panz. . LEG Mei palace Licininas . . . Licinus, Latr. . brevicollis, Dej. depressus, Payk. 5 granulatus, Dej.. . silphoides, F.. . . Limnebius, Leach . . atomus, Duft.. « marginalis, Steph. minutissimus, Germ. . nitidus, Marsh. . . papposus, Muls. . . picinus, Marsh. . truncatellus, Thoms, Lionychus, Wiss. .« quadrillum, Duft. Liopterus, M.C.. . Lopha,Meg.. . .- Loricerina . a Loricera, Latr. . . pilicornis, F. . . Lymnaum, Steph. . nigropiceum, Marsh . sulcatulum, Chaud. . Lyperosomus, Mots, Lyperus, Chaud. . Masoreina. . . . . 133 Masoreus, Dej. . . . 133 luxatus, De. . 134 Wetterhalii, Gyll. - 134) Megasternum, Muls. . 260 boletophagum, Marsh 260 Metubletus,Schm.-Goeb. 145 foveola, Gyll. . 145 obscuro-guttatus, Duft.145 truncatellus, L. . 145 Miscodera, Esch... 26 arctica, Payk. on hs 26 Readii, Curt. . . 26 | INDEX. PAGE INebrumd* pa. set) 2 10 Nebria, Latr.. . - +%14 brevicollis, F. . . . 15 complanata, L. 2 CES cursor, Mill... . 15 Gyllenhalii, Sch.. . 15 hyperborea, Gyll. . 15 livida, FE. . ry ae) Notaphus, Steph. = ible Noterina . . a tp too Noterus, Clairv.. . . 160 capricornis, Herbst., eeu Cuaratee pe) clavicornis, De G. 160 erassicornis, Sturm . 160 sparsus, Marsh . . 160 Notiophilus, Dum. . . 11 aquaticus, L. . . . 12 biguttatus, F.. . . 11 palustris, Duft. . . 12 quadriguttatus, Dej. 12 rufipes, Curt. . . 12 substriatus, Wat. . 12 | Octhebius, Leach . 243 | zneus, Steph. . . 245 @ratus, Steph, . . 246 bicolon, Germ. 246 exaratus, Muls. . 244 hibernicus, Curt. . . 247 impressicollis, Cast.. 246 impressus, Marsh 245 margipallens, Latr. . 245 marinus, Payk. . . 245 nanus, Steph. . . 246 pallidus, Dej.. . «. 245 Poweri, Rye. . . . 246 punctatus, Steph. . 247 pusillus, Steph. 245 pygmeus, F, . . 245 rufimarginatus,Steph. 246 Ocys, Steph. . - . 103 Odacanthina . . 135 Qdacantha, . . . . 185 melanura, Payk. . . 136 Olisthopus, Dej. . . 95 rotundatus, Payk. 95 Omophron, Latr. 18 Oodina . 34 Oodes, Bon : 34 helopioides, F... 34 Ophonus, Steph... 43 Orectochilus, Lac. . . 216 villosus, Mill... . 217 Oxynoptilus, Kies. . . 164 Palpicornia . .». . 218) Panageina. . . . Panageus, Latr.. . crux-major, L.. . quadripustulatus, Sturm. . . Patellimani . . Patrobus, Dej. assimilis, Chaud. clavipes, Thoms, excavatus, Payk. septentrionis, Dej. Pedws, Mots. .. Pelobiide . . . . Pelobius, Schén.. . Hermanni, F.. . tardus, Herbst. . eo 5) oe S Pelophila, Dej. . borealis, Payk. Peltodytes, Reg. . Percosia, Zimm. Perileptus, Schaum areolatus, Creutz. Peryphus, Meg. . Philhydrus, Sol... bicolor, F.. . . coarctatus, Gredl. Jrontalis, Er. . . grisescens, Gyll. . marginellus, Thoms. melanocephalus, Ol. minutus, F.. . . nigricans, Zett. . quadripunctatus, Herbst. «. Jeums testaceus, F. suturalis, Sharp . in Philocthus, Steph. . Platambus, Thoms. . Platyderus, Steph. . ruficollis, Marsh . Platynus, Brullé . Platysma, Bon. . Pacilus, Bon. . . Pogonus, Dej.. . Burrellii, Curt, chaleeus, Marsh . littoralis, Duft. . luridipennis, Germ. Polystichina - Polystichus, Bon. . connexus, Fuure, . JSasciolatus, Daws. vittatus, Brullé Pristonychus, Dej. inequalis, "Pans. terricola, Herbst . subcyaneus, Ill, PAGE Pseudophonus, Mots. 47 Pterostichina . . . 58 Pterostichus, Er.. . . 60 wthiops, Panz., . . 68 vy. affinis, Sturm » 62 anthracinus, Ill, . 65 aterrimus, Payk. . . 64 cerulescens, L, . . 62 cristatus, Duft. . 63 Gunreudiie sn. «| GL diligens, Sturm 66 dimidiatus, Ol. . 62 ‘erythropus, Marsh . 66 gracilis, Dej. . . 66 inzqualis, Marsh . 67 lepidus, F. . : 62 macra, Marsh. . . 67 madidus, F.. . . . 62 maurus, PF, . . 65 melanarius, Til. 65 minor, Gylk = . . 66 niger, Schall. . . 65 nigrita, F. . . . . 65 oblongo-punctatus, F. 63 orinomus, Steph, . . 63 parumpunctatus, Germ. 63 pauciseta, Thoms, . 62 picimanus, Duft, . . 67 strenuus, Panz. - 66 strenuus, Daws. 2 66 striola, F, ee ane OS vernalis, Gyll.. . . 67 versicolor, Sturm. . 62 vitreus, Dej. . 2 . 63 vulgaris, L.. . . . 65 Quadripalmati . . 35 Rhantus, Lac. . . . 201 INDEX, PAGE | adspersus, F. ra a ote bistriatus, Berg. . . 202 exoletus, Forst. . 201 Grapii, Gyll, Perey 40) & notatus, Berg.. . . 202 pulverosus, Steph. . 202 Scaritima) .< (yc saeneee elo Scybalicus, Schaum. . 55 oblongiusculus, Be 55 Spercheina . 232 Spercheus, Kug. . 232 emarginatus, Schall. . 233 Spheridiine . . . . 201 Spheridium, F, . . . 252 bipustulatum, F. . 253 vy. marginatum, F. . 253 scarabeoides, F, 253 v. semistriatum, Cast. 253 Sphodrus, Clairv. . . 85 leucopthalmus, L.. . 85 Stenolophina 6 25. 62) Stenolophus, Dej. . . 35 v. abdominalis, Gen. . 36 elegans, Dej. . . . 86 melanocephatus, Heer. 36 mixtus, Herbst. . . 37 Skrimshiranus, Steph. 36 Teutonus, Schr. . 36 vaporariorum, F.. . 36 vespertinus, Panz. . 37 Steropus, Meg. . . . 62 Stomis, Clairv. . 59 pumicatus, Panz.. . 59 Synuchus, Gyll. . . 83 Tachycellus, Mor. . Tachypus, Lac. . . . flavipes, L.. . . PAGE pallipes, Duft. . 122 Tachys, Schaum . 96 bistriatus, Duft. 99 bisulcatus, Nic. 97 Focki, Hum. . . 97 latipennis, Sturm . 9o7 parvulus, Dej. . 98 quadrisignatus, Duft. 98 sexstriatus, Duft. 98 scutellaris, Germ. . 98 Tachyta, Kirby . 97 Taphria, Bon. . . 83 nivalis, Panz. . . 83 vivalis, Ill. . 83 Tarus, Clairv, . . . 134 Thalassophilus, Well. . 126 Thermonectina 207 Trechinn . .. 122 Trechus, Clairv. . 125 discus, FE. . . . . 126 Sulvus, De). 127 ineilis, Daws. . 128 lapidosus, Daws, . . 127 longicornis, Sturm 126 micros, Herbst. 126 minutus, F,. 127 v. obtusus, Er... 128 paludosus, Dej. 12 quadristriatus, Schr. 127 rivularis, Gyll. . 128 rubens, F, . . 127 secalis, Payk. . . . 128 Triena, Lec... . . . 79 (Erpalmiati= acon Truncatipennes . . . 131 Mabrind ion cee cota 58 Zabrus, Clairv. . . 58 gibbus, PF... . 58 piger, Foure. 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