ate into eas % i batt iit Ha aan Hata DN 2 in ou) eS ak NFS f aE # Wy aber eee bk par Mag ea Hea | | sy ais ae a iy a ap sti ia i i uae ha ft sh +5 Uy ti ‘ at” Paine ry ae? rel NCCE RA ACR NY( SIE? A a, nc me Dag «Yeap eens ite Ths. bs, wi , fas Wale 4 Gnd ed ® ay, va? } i ads ; id i ; iL rebar: i w : i +a ‘yh “> Nithis| ") \ A I at a wy alae a aso ‘ if ei ; ie! we 4 ana." , ‘ isla ii iy z i Ale f iy va * ae Yee : TANT My Yr §). My) aed ub ) i) "Ge ae pm Wang Vol. XVIII THE WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION DURING WARTIME By CoLumBus O’D. ISELIN Director, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution During the past year the laboratory has become almost entirely converted to war research. For example, during the summer there were about 180 people employed, but only four of these were not working un- der government contracts. This change-over has been a gradual one during the last three years, and the prospect is that the scope of the govern- ment research will continue to expand until the end of the war. The reason is, of course, that in a number of ways a knowledge of the physical properties of the water and of | the bottom sediments can play an important part in the more effective performance of naval instruments and weapons. Fortunately, much of this new research is not far re- moved from ordinary peace time oceanography. Certainly in the case of phy- sical oceanography the war is causing a very rapid development, but biological oceanography is by no means being neglected. Our main handi- cap is that it is no longer practical to send our own vessels to make observations at any consid- erable distance from the coast. Insurance for (Continued on Page S) Owing to | has already seventeen all. Che Kighteenth Volume conditions brought about by the war it was not possible to publish THE COLLECTING NET during the summer. This sin- gle issue, briefly reviewing the season’s activities, must serve as the “eighteenth vol- ume” of the journal which appeared for consecutive sum- mers, making 152 issues in NOVEMBER, 1943 Whole No. 153 ACTIVITIES AT THE MARINE BIO- LOGICAL LABORATORY IN 1943 Dr. CHARLES PACKARD Director, Marine Biological Laboratory In spite of the war, work at the Marine Biologi- cal Laboratory continues without interruption. Throughout the summer investigators have been supplied with living material, chemicals and apparatus ; stud- ents in the zoology course have made collecting trips to famil- iar places; many readers have used the library; and the Fri- day evening lectures have been given as usual. But the total number of investigators and students was somewhat less | than half of the normal. | Activity at the Laboratory is not restricted to the summer months. During the fall the library staff completed their work on the list 6£ the journals | now on our shelves. This was a great task, for there are i ——| more than 2,200 titles in many different languages. The list, now published as a separate issue with the Febru- ary number of The Biological Bulletin, has proved very useful to readers here and to those who wish microfilms of articles in the various volumes. In- cidentally, our microfilm service is gradually sup- planting the loaning of books during the winter. Since journals and back numbers of incomplete (Continued on Page 3) | TABLE OF CONTENTS | The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | During Wartime, Columbus O’D. Iselin ........ 1 Activities at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Die Charles sack andl rst.csvesve-ccse-cersecavsevansesvecees 1 Notes on Life at Woods Hole in 1943, Jerome IRVom EG CL cl Creep esac sees escvat seas uessesarsascesrsvedesiaeesaasses 4 In Memory of Deceased Members of the Cor- poretion of the Marine Biological Labora- tory by C. E. McClung, E. G. Conklin, Charles Packard, A. P. Mathews .................- 5 DONEC Cue AA al eer aeereceacnce. hou aceiccoo RCE LE Ca Cr eCREEEE DOT CEE 7 NtemsPoby Interest, cytes esse cece re vscens suestensouses i) [HE 5 o fe ar See ee MARINE LABORATORIES AT WOODS HOLE s Hole Oceanographic Institution, and ical Laboratory, standing in front of THE COLEECTING NET [ Vor. X VIL, No: 15 ——— ee NoveMBER, 1943] THE COLLECTING NET 3 sets are constantly being added, a supplement to the list will be published each year, showing what changes have occurred. The Stone Building, a familiar landmark in Woods Hole, has now been thoroughly renovated. Although the walls stood firm, the floors and stairways had grown shaky. Now they are sup- ported by numerous steel columns which, in the basement, stand on a new concrete floor. The original great beams themselves are periectly sound. The entire basement is now used for stor- age; so also is a part of the first floor, the remain- der being transformed into offices for the Supply Department. New heating, lighting and plumb- ing systems make the building usable at all times throughout the year. By good fortune these re- pairs were well under way before the use of build- ing materials was restricted. The Navy continues to occupy the Mess Hall and Homestead, the Lecture Hall, the Botany Building, thé apartment house and the Penzance Garage. Our investigators and students now take their meals at the Nobska Inn which the Labora- tory operates as a “mess,” under the direction of Miss Downing. The dining rooms are not ade- quate to accommodate the diners, so two settings of the tables are necessary. Even then some peo- ple have to find meals elsewhere. Throughout much of the summer there has been a waiting list of those who prefer meals at Mess Hall but who can not find a place there. Because of rationing and a shortage in meat and butter, it has not been easy to provide good meals. But the staff has succeeded in their task remarkably well. No seminars were held this summer, and there was no “General Scientific Meeting.” However, the embryology course held weekly seminars which were attended by many investigators. The following “Friday Evening Lectures” were given: FRIDAY EVENING LECTURES—1943 W. R. Tsytor, University of Michigan: ‘‘ Utilization of Marine Plants.’’ D. P. CosTELLo, University of North Carolina: ‘‘ Experi- ments on the Localization of Developmental Factors in the Egg of Nereis.’’ P. §. Gattsorr, U. S. Fish and Wild Life Service: “*The Physiology of Sex and Sex Change in the Genus Ostrea.’’” R. T. Kempton, Vassar College: ‘‘Renal Secretion.’’ L. V. Hemsrtnn, University of Pennsylvania: ‘‘The Caleium-release Theory of Stimulation.’’ Kurt G. STERN, Overly Biochemical Research Founda- tion: ‘‘Studies on Iron Proteins.’’ B. M. Dueesr, University of Wisconsin: ‘‘Studies on the Irradiation of Certain Micro-organisms.’’ A. H. Woopcock, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- tion: ‘‘Wind-Induced Motion of the Physalia.’’ The financial condition of the Laboratory is sat- isfactory from one point of view; from another, it is not. We are free from debt, and there is rea- son to believe that our income for the coming year will suffice to pay current expenses. But we are incurring obligations which sooner or later must be met. We subscribe to many foreign journals which are now held for us abroad; for these we must pay when they can be delivered. Each year that the war continues the amount to be paid in- creases. Again, we are unable to purchase appar- atus for replacement and for new purposes, al- though the need for replacements and additions is growing and must presently be met. Obviously, as soon as economic conditions return to normal, we must have funds, over and above our current income, to meet these obligations. At present no such funds are available. Many changes in the staffs of instruction were necessary. In zoology, Drs. Waterman, Martin, Mattox and Hewatt were unable to come, being kept at home by war-time duties. Dr. Buck took charge of the course and succeeded in getting to- gether an almost new staff. Drs. Hamburger and Costello gave the embryology course with the occasional help oi Drs. L. G. Barth, Charles Metz and Meryl Rose. Miss Littrell, the assistant, was called to war service before the course ended. The physiology staff was the same as last year, but teaching duties at home and war research made it impossible for them all to be present at the same time. The course in botany was omitted because of insufficient registration. This season marks the first time in more than fifty years that the work on algae has not been given. It will be scheduled next year, as usual, in the hope that three or more students will elect it. An expression oi appreciation of Dr. Lillie’s long and valuable services was read at the meet- ing of the corporation. The text is printed else- where in this issue of The Collecting Nez. Dr. Lillie retired from the presidency of the corpora- tion in 1942 after more than forty years of service as an administrator oi Laboratory affairs. Dur- ing this time the growth oi the Laboratory in size and in prestige has been due in very large meas- ure to his wise guidance. The elections which took place at the meetings of the trustees and of the corporation in August resulted as follows: trustees emeritus: W. E. Garrey, B. M. Duggar; new trustees: P. S. Gali- soft, W. E. Sinnott. All of the trustees of the outgoing class of 1943 who were eligible for elec- tion were re-elected ior a term of four years: Mr. D. M. Brodie and Dr. O. C. Glaser were re-elected treasurer and clerk respectively. The new corporation members are: T. F. An- derson, University of Pennsylvania; L. V. Beck. Hahnemann Medical College; G. L. Clarke, Har- vard University; E. P. Hiatt, New York Univer- sity; E. P. Little, Exeter Academy ; D. Nachman- sohn. Columbia University; Dorothy Wrinch, Smith College. Memorials were read ior Dr. H. C. Bumpus. one of the most active members of the laboratory in its early days, and for Dr. G. N. Calkins, a + DEE COLLECTING NET [Vor. XVIII, No. 153 ATTENDANCE Chart showing variation of the number of investigators, the number of students, and the number of institutions represented at the Marine Biological Laboratory from 1914 through 1943. Other losses by death include Dr. H. E. Howe, editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chem- istry, Dr. F. H. Swett of Duke University, and Dr. Tracy Hazen of Columbia University. The outlook for the future of the Laboratory is much loved member for nearly fifty years. encouraging. Indeed, it is probable that after the war, the Laboratory will be more active than ever. Our regular investigators will return, and un- doubtedly there will come from abroad a number of biologists who have been unable to carry on their research during the past few years. Many young investigators and graduate students who left their work to enter the armed services will re- sume their peace-time occupation and will come to Woods Hole again. In anticipation of this in- crease in attendance, a Committee on Additional Funds consisting of Drs. D. E. S. Brown (Chair- man), F. R. Lillie, E. G. Conklin, E. N. Harvey, G. H. A. Clowes (with Mr. Laurence Riggs, Dr. C. Packard and Mr. D. M. Brodie as ex-officio members), has formulated plans for setting up teaching fellowships and scholarships for biolo- gists who will work here throughout the year; for securing funds for a new building to replace Old Main and the other wooden laboratories, and for additional endowment. In the meantime, the Marine Biological Laboratory will continue to serve biologists who are able to come to Woods Hole. NOTES ON LIFE AT WOODS HOLE IN 1943 JEROME F. KIDDER Woods Hole, Massachusetts During the summer of 1943 life at Woods Hole has been interesting and pleasant. How interest- ing must be told by future historians, for dis- cussion and military and naval secrecy forbid. It is hard to measure pleasure in degrees, but in spite of restrictions on gas, which applied to boats as well as cars, constant shortages of meat, regulations as to lights and beaches, Woods Hole has been crowded and happy. Almost all the house owners came early and are staying late. Houses for rent have been scarce due to the military and naval establishments. Social life seems more as it was thirty years ago. Instead of hopping into a car and wandering all over the Cape for entertainment people have been forced to stay at home and seek their fun round their own firesides. Rationing has made enter- taining difficult, cocktail parties have taken the place of dinners, and picnics have had to end at nightfall. The two churches, Methodist and Episcopal, have lost their rectors. The Rev. Mr. Nicholson and the Rev. Mr. Green have gone into the Navy as chaplains. Services have been held each Sun- day by visiting clergymen and the activities of each church have been carried on. The Yacht Club has functioned with its races each Saturday, and the Golf Club has struggled on minus caddies and with an abbreviated mem- bership. The Red Cross has been active and has done excellent work. Aside from seeing the uniforms in the streets, the Navy wives in the stores, and the noise of planes overhead, Woods Hole has been much as usual. The same crowds are on the beaches for the daily swim, the arrival of the mail and trains (especially the Cape Codder) furnish the main places of meeting. A cooperative store for gro- ceries has been struggling to get started without a great deal of success. There has been a shortage of manpower so householders have had to cut their own grass and make minor repairs themselves. In many of the larger places servants are a thing of the past, but in spite of the war, Woods Hole has been much the same, a delightfully cool, quiet friendly village—rather crowded to be sure but still delightful. NovemMser, 1943] THE COLLECTING NET 5 APPRECIATION OF THE SERVICES OF PROFESSOR FRANK R. LILLIE TO THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY! In the history of the Marine Biological Labor- atory the names of two men are pre-eminent: Dr Whitman, who with prophetic insight, envisioned this institution as a national center of research in every department of biology, and Dr. Lillie, who transformed that vision into reality. Coming to Woods Hole first in 1891 as an investigator re- ceiving instruction, Dr. Lillie, with Dr. Whitman, organized the course in embryology in 1893. He was appointed assistant director in 1900 at a time when the fortunes of the Laboratory were at a low ebb, director in 1908, and president of the corpor-. ation in 1926, after the successful conclusion of the campaign to obtain new buildings and an en- dowment. During the period from 1900 to 1942, when he resigned from the presidency, the Ma- rine Biological Laboratory developed from a struggling organization to its present position as the leading co-operative laboratory of the world. It is, of course, true that only by the devoted work of the members of the Corporation and the active interest of its many friends, could such an end be reached ; but it is equally true that without wise guidance this effort would have failed. From the beginning, when Whitman, against every force and discouragement, fought for the principles of co-operation and independence, this Laboratory has pursued its steady course, adapting itself wise- ly to new conditions as they arose, but always holding to those basic ideals. During his fruitful years as director Dr. Lillie frequently stressed these principles. “Our purpose,” he wrote, “is essentially ideal, and its pursuit demands our best efforts and our loyalty.’”’ And again, “We have laid the principle of co-operation at our founda- tion, and we have attempted to build it into every one of our activities.’’ In this course he has al- ways quietly led. There has never been any thought of division since he has been in charge. Here lies his strength, and here lies the secret of the continued success of the Laboratory. In accepting his resignation from the presi- dency, the Corporation and the trustees are re- joiced that he will continue his connection with the Laboratory as president emeritus. We ex- tend to him and to Mrs. Lillie, who has so ably assisted him in the development of the Marine Biological Laboratory, our grateful thanks, and we pledge to him our best efforts to continue the work which he has so long and so wisely guided. C. E. McCLune E. G. CONKLIN CHARLES PACKARD IN MEMORY OF DECEASED MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Memorials Adopted at the Annual Meeting of the Corporation, August 10, 1943 GARY NATHAN CALKINS The distinguished incumbent of the first profes- sorship of protozoology in America, Gary Nathan Calkins, died at his home in Scarsdale, New York, on January 4, 1943, after a considerable period of ill health which was endured with char- acteristic cheerfulness and fortitude. Calkins was born at Valparaiso, Indiana, on Jan- uary 18, 1869, but spent nearly all of his life on the Eastern seabord. His scientific training began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where, under the influence of Professor William T. Sedgwick, an interest was aroused in biology as a profession. After receiving the B.S. degree in 1890 he served until 1893 as lecturer at the In- stitute and also as assistant biologist to the Massa- chusetts State Board of Health. Then he trans- ferred to Columbia University to study under Pro- fessor Edmund B. Wilson and received the Ph.D. degree in 1898. While a graduate student he was *Read at the Meeting of the Corporation appointed to the teaching staff of the Department of Zoology at Columbia, and thus began a life-long membership which in 1907 culminated in a pro- fessorship in protozoology. Calkins was for some years executive officer of the department, and re- tired in 1940 as professor emeritus in residence. Columbia Universtiy conferred on him the honor- ary degree of Sc.D. in 1929. Calkins’ devotion of his life to the study of the Protozoa was inspired both by an inherent inter- est in the “little animals,” and the well-founded belief that they afford highly favorable material for the approach to many general biological prob- lems. This is best exemplified by his most im- portant treatise, “The Biology of the Protozoa” (1926, 2nd edition 1933), and his long-continued studies on the physiology and cytology of free- living Ciliates, with particular reference to the significance of fertilization and other factors in- fluencing longevity. In this classic work he de- vised more exact methods of pedigreed culture, involving daily isolation of the animals, that laid 6 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vo. XVII, No. 153 the foundations for present-day technique in the field, and he also developed what may be referred to as his philosophy of the protozoan individual. Both phases stimulated many investigators to en- ter similar fields. The extensive series of important studies from Calkins’ laboratory is but one of his many contri- butions to science. A brilliant lecturer and teach- er at Columbia University and at the Marine Bio- logical Laboratory, his courses revealed a com- prehensive grasp of protozoology from both its theoretical and practical aspects that inspired many students; and his versatility was showu by numerous other activities. Thus, for example, he was consulting biologist to the New York State Cancer Laboratory at Buffalo from 1902 to 1908; lecturer before the Lowell Institute in 1907; pres- ident of the Association for Cancer Research in 1916; president of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine from 1919 to 1921, and dir- ector of the University Union in Paris in 1926 and 1927. He was elected in 1919 to the National Academy of Sciences. Calkins’ association with the Marine Buolcgical Laboratory began just over half a century ago, and for about forty years he was in regular attendance as an investigator. He was a member of the Corp- oration for thirty-nine years, and its clerk for seventeen years; member of the Board of Trust- ees for thirty years, and its secretary for twelve years; member of the research staff for thirty-one years ; and head of the protozoology course, which he founded, for twenty-two years. Zoology in general and Columbia University and the Marine Biological Laboratory in particu- lar owe to Calkins more than can be readily ex- pressed for his scientific contributions, teaching and administrative service. All this, as well as his personal charm, unfailing enthusiasm and hearty good fellowship, was attested by his former students and associates who presented to him after retirement a volume of nearly two hundred letters of esteem and appreciation inscribed : Gary Nathan Calkins Philosopher in Little Things and Friend. LoRANDE Loss WoopRUFF HERMON CARY BUMPUS Hermon Cary Bumpus, trustee emeritus of the Marine Biological Laboratory, died June 21, 1943 at the age of eighty-one years. The Laboratory thus loses a member who played an active part in its development for more than forty years. Com- ing first to Woods Hole in 1889 when a graduate student of Whitman at Clark University, he worked here on his doctor’s thesis “The Embry- ology of the American Lobster.” In 1890 he re- turned to Brown University, his alma mater, where he taught comparative anatomy for eleven years. It was during this period that he served at the Laboratory as head of the invertebrate zoo- logy course, as assistant director from 1893 to 1895, and as clerk of the Corporation from 1897 to 1899, He was a trustee from 1897 to 1932 when he became trustee emeritus. From 1898 to 1901 he was the director of the Laboratory of the Fish Commission at Woods Hole, during which time he made a careful monthly survey of the fauna of this region. At this time also, he made one of the first statistical studies of variation and its bearing on natural selection. Many of his students from Brown came to us with him, among whom were George M. Gray, A. D. Mead, H. E. Walter and F. P. Gorham. Dr. Bumpus was remarkably efficient in the work of organization in all the positions which he held. At the Marine Biological Laboratory he greatly improved the equipment for work and for collecting living material. Due to his efforts the number of students at this laboratory greatly in- creased, eighty-five being registered one year in the invertebrate course. To bring biology to the people was his chief interest. Accordingly he left Brown in 1901 to be- come director of the American Museum of Nat- ural History in New York, where he remained ten years and carried out his long cherished plans for taking the resources of the museum to the school children in New York City, an educational project which has grown to great proportions throughout the country. Subsequently, while in the National Park Service, he developed many museums in the state and national parks. In re- cognition of this work he received the Pugsley Medal for his service to education. For three years he was business manager of the University of Wisconsin, and for five years, presi- dent of Tufts College. These are only a few of the many accomplish- ments of this tireless worker. He was, in the words of his student and life-long friend, Dr. H. E. Walter, “A natural teacher, an enthusiastic scientist, a remarkable executive and a genial gen- tleman.” A. P. MaTHEws Lieutenant and Mrs. Louis T. Stableford are now at Boise, Idaho, where Lieutenant Stableford is now connected with the 4th Altitude Training Unit at Gowan Field. OF eight Latin-American science fellowships re- cently granted by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, seven were awarded to biologists. Novemeer, 1943] DAE COLE CRING SNE tN DIRECTORY FOR 1943 THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF ZOOLOGY Consultants Bissonnette, T. H. prof. biol. Trinity. Woodruff, L. L. prof. proto. Yale. Instructors Buck, J. B. asst. prof. zool. Rochester. in charge. Burbanck, W. D. asst. prof. biol. Drury. Burkenroad, M. D. asst. curator. Bingham Oceano- graphic Found. (Yale). Goodchild, C. G. assoc. prof. biol. Springfield, Mo. Grant, R. lectr. zool. and phys. McGill. Lochhead, J. H. instr. zool. Vermont. Meglitsch, P. asst. prof. biol. Herzl (Chicago). Pierce, Madelene asst. prof. zool. Vassar. Rogick, Mary D. prof. biol. New Rochelle. Laboratory Assistant Keister, M. L. instr. zool. Wheaton. EMBRYOLOGY Consultants Barth, L. G. assoc. prof. zool. Columbia. Goodrich, H. B. prof. biol. Wesleyan. Instructors Costello, D. P. assoc. prof. zool. North Carolina. Hamburger, V. prof. zool. Washington. (St. Louis). in charge. Laboratory Assistants Lehman, G. grad. teaching fel. North Carolina. Littrell, Jae L. teaching asst. Illinois. PHYSIOLOGY Consultants Amberson, W. R. prof. phys. Maryland Med. Garrey, W. E. prot. phys. Vanderbilt Med. Jacobs, M. H. prof. phys. Pennsylvania. Instructors Fisher, K. C. asst. prof. exper. biol. Toronto. Kempton, R. T. prof. zool. Vassar. Parpart, A. K. assoc. prof. biol. Princeton. in charge. Sichel, F. J. M. asst. prof. phys. Vermont Med. RESEARCH WORKERS Independent Investigators Addison, W. H. F. prof. histol. & emb. Pennsylvania. Ball, E. G. prof. biol. chem. Harvard. Barth, L. G. asst. prof. zool. Columbia. Berger, C. A. dir. biol. lab. Fordham. Brooks, M. M. res. assoc. biol. California. Brown, D. E. S. prof. phys. New York. Buck, J. B. asst. prof. zool. Rochester. Budington, R. A. emeritus prof. zool. Oberlin. Buggs, C. W. prof. biol. Dillard. Burbanck, W. D. assoc. prof. biol. Drury. Burkenroad, M. D. asst. curator, Bingham Oceano- graphic Found. (Yale). Chambers, R. res. prof. biol. New York. Clark, E. L. voluntary invest. Pennsylvania. Clark, E. R. prof. anat. Pennsylvania. Clement, A. C. assoc. prof. biol. Charleston. Clowes, G. H. A. res. dir. Lilly Res. Labs. Conklin, E. G. emeritus prof. biol. Princeton. Costello, D. P. assoc. prof. zool. North Carolina. Duggar, B. M. prof. plant phys. Wisconsin. Evans, T. C. asst. prof. radiol. Columbia. Failla, G. prof. radiol. Columbia. Fisher, K. C. asst. prof. zool. Toronto. Gabriel, M. L. univ. fel. Columbia. Galtsoff, P. S. sr. biologist, U. S. Fish and Wild Life. Garrey, W. E. prof. phys. Vanderbilt Med. Glaser, O. C. prof. biol. Amherst. Goodchild, C. G. assoc. prof. biol. Springfield, Mo. Grand, C. G. res. assoc. biol. New York. Granick, S. asst. biol. Rockefeller Inst. Grant, R. lectr. zool. & phys. McGill. Grave, C. emeritus prof. zool. Washington. (St. Louis). Hamburger, V. prof. zool. Washington. (St. Louis). Harnly, M. H. assoc. prof. New York. Harris, D. L. res. assoc. Pennsylvania. Hartman, F. A. prof. phys. Ohio State. Harvey, Ethel B. indep. invest. biol. Princeton. Harvey, E. N. prof. phys. Princeton. Heilbrunn, L. V. assoc. prof. zool. Pennsylvania. Hiatt, E. P. asst. prof. New York. Hopkins, H. S. assoc. prof. phys. New York. Jacobs, M. H. prof. phys. Pennsylvania. Kempton, R. T. prof. zool. Vassar. Krahl, M. E. res. chemist. Lilly Res. Labs. Lavin, G. asst. chem. Rockefeller Inst. Lee, R. E. res. assoc. New York. Lillie, F. R. emeritus prof. zool. Chicago. Lillie, R. S. emeritus prof. phys. Chicago. Little, E. P. instr. science. Exeter Academy. Lochhead, J. H. instr. Vermont Loewi, O. res. prof. pharmacol. New York. Marsland, D. A. assoc. prof. biol. New York. Mast, S. O. prof. zool. Johns Hopkins. Mathews, A. P. emeritus prof. biochem. Cincinnati. McClung, C. E. emeritus prof. zool. Pennsylvania. McElroy, W. D. res. assoc. Princeton. Meglitsch, P. asst. prof. biol. Herzl. (Chicago). Memhard, A. R. Connecticut. Metz, C. B. instr. Wesleyan. Michaelis, Lenor member ememitus. Rock Inst. Morgan, Lillian V. California Tech. .. Morgan, T. H. prof. biol. California Tech. Nelson, L. Pennsylvania Med. Osterhout, W. J. V. member emeritus. Rock. Inst. Packard, C. director. Marine Biological Laboratory. Parker, G. H. emeritus prof. zool. Harvard. Parmenter, C. L. prof. zool. Pennsylvania. Parpart, A. K. assoc. prof. biol. Princeton. Pierce, M. E. asst. prof. zool. Vassar. Pollister, A. W. assoc. prof. zool. Columbia. Reinhard, E. G. head dept. biol. Catholic. Rogick, M. D. prof. biol. New Rochelle. Rose, S. M. instr. zool. Smith. Russell, A. M. instr. Fordham U. Biol. Lab. Schaeffer, A. A. prof. biol. Temple. Scott, F. M. (Sister) prof. biol. Seton Hill. Sichel, E. K. head science dept. Vt. State Normal. Sichel, F. J. M. asst. prof. phys. Vermont Med. Slifer, E. H. asst. prof. zool. State U. Iowa. Sosa, J. M. Common Wealth Fel. Montevideo (Uru- guay) : Steinbach, H. B. asst. prof. zool. Washington. Stokey, A. G. emeritus prof. Mount Holyoke. Stunkard, H. W. prof. biol. New York. Taylor, W. R. prof. bot. Michigan. Wenrich, D. H. prof. zool. Pennsylvania. Whiting, A. R. guest invest. Pennsylvania. Whiting, P. W. assoc. prof. zool. Pennsylvania. Wiercinski, F. J. instr. biol. Catholic U. of America. Wrinch, D. res. assoc. physics. Smith. Zweifach, B. W. res. assoc. biol. New York. (Continued on Page 10) (6) THE COLLECTING .NET [ VoL. XVIII, No. 153 The Collecting Net A publication devoted to the scientific work at marine biological laboratories. Edited by Ware Cattell with the assistance of Judy Woodring. Entered as second-class matter, July 11, 19385, at the U. S. Post Office at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879, and re-entered, July 23, 1938. THE EMBRYOLOGY COURSE AT THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Dr. VIKTOR HAMBURGER Professor and Head of Department of Zoology Washington University The students and staff of the embryology course look back on a successful and satisfactory five- week period of intense study, barely hampered by wartime conditions. The innovations introduced last year stood the second test well. The experi- mental period of ten days, offered this time toward the end of the course, again proved to be a most valuable experience for the students. Dr. D. P. Costello guided four of the students in the art of making micro-glass instruments, and the group then performed isolation experiments on Nereis Dr. L. G. Barth direct- ed regeneration experiments on Tubularia ; another group worked on artificial parthenogen- blastomeres successfully. esis and centrifugation of Echinoderm eggs, with the generous assistance of Dr. E. B. Harvey. One group produced and studied cyclopia in Fundulus. Members of each group reported on their results in a joint seminar. The Wednesday evening seminars enjoyed the participation of a considerable number of investi- gators, and ended in lively discussions. Topics were “Embryonic Induction” (Dr. Hamburger) ; “Metabolism and Differentiation’ (Dr. Barth) ; “The Role of Genes in Development” (Dr. Cos- tello and Dr. Hamburger) ; “Problems of Regen- eration in Amphibians” (Dr. O. Schotté). Mo- tion pictures of fertilization, fish and amphibian development were shown on one evening. Be- cause of the small number of investigators in Woods Hole, only few guest lectures were given. In addition to Dr. Schotté’s seminar, Dr. C. W. Metz, Jr., lectured on “‘Fertilizin and Antiferti- lizin,’ and conducted experimental work on this topic, and Dr. C. L. Yntema lectured on “Induc- tion and Axis Determination of the Amphibian Ear.” Dr. Costello and Dr. Hamburger were the only two members of the regular staff able to be pres- ent this year. Dr. Barth and Dr. Meryl Rose very kindly consented to aid in the teaching and took over groups in which they are specialists. The assistant, Miss Jae Littrell of the University of Illinois, was called to active duty in the U.S. Marines a week before the end of the course. Of the eleven women and three men in the class, rep- resenting ten institutions, nine were graduate stu- dents. The present officers of the American Society of Zoologists, elected by mail ballot, are: Presi- dent, Professor T. S. Painter, University of Texas; Vice-president, Professor L. H. Snyder, Ohio State University; Secretary, Dr. L. V. Domm, University of Chicago. Dr. Charles Packard, director of the Marine Biological Laboratory, is now resident director and assumed his full-time duties last fall. He, Mrs. Packard and their daughter, Priscilla, lived in their home on North Street in Woods Hole last winter and will do so again this winter. OCEANOGRAFHIC INSTITUTION (Continued from Page 1) such work still remains extremely high. For this reason the Atlantis has been tied up at Lake Charles, Louisiana, since a,year ago in June. But the Institution has been operating a number of smaller vessels at various points along the coast on a year around basis. At the recent annual meeting of the trustees two new staff appointments were approved: Dean F. Bumpus as associate in oceanography and Louis W. Hutchins as associate in marine biol- ogy. But the main increase in our effectiveness has come from the fact that the majority of our staff are now working at Woods Hole on a full time basis, and have adequate help from techni- cians and assistants. In this way we have been able to tackle several oceanographic problems which until now could not be undertaken for lack of personnel. After the war these studies will constitute major contributions to the science of the sea. It is once again evident that practical applications can indeed be very stimulating to pure research, NoveMBER, 1943] THE COLLECTING NET 9 ITEMS OF INTEREST The U. S. Navy is relinquishing the laboratory buildings which it preempted in 1942. The apart- ment house, the mess hall, and the other build- ings it occupied will therefore be available to workers in 1944. Dr. Harold C. Wiggers has been appointed as- sociate professor of physiology in the College of Medicine of the University of Illinois. He was formerly in the department of physiology of the School of Medicine of Western Reserve Univer- sity. Professor L. William Max, assistant professor of physiology, New York University (University Heights), has been appointed visiting professor of physiology at the dental college of the same institution. Dr. Elizabeth B. Johnson of Wellesley College has been appointed assistant professor of botany at Connecticut College. Dr. H. D. Stalker, who received his Ph.D. de- gree under Dr. Curt Stern at the University oi Rochester, and Dr. H. L. Carson, who received his Ph.D. under Dr. C. W. Metz at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, have joined the staff of Washington University as instructors in genetics and cytology, respectively. Drs. G. W. Taylor and J. M. Cairns are in active duty with the armed forces. Lieutenant and Mrs. Clinton S. Osborn and family are living in Las Vegas, Nevada, where Lieutenant Osborn is second in command of the 32nd Altitude Training Unit at the Las Vegas Army Air Field. Dr. Henry E. Crampton has retired as pro- fessor of zoology at Barnard College, Columbia University. He owns a cottage at Woods Hole and has lived there during the summer for many years. Dr. John Otterbein Snyder, emeritus professor of zoology at Stanford University, died in August. He was a student of David Starr Jordan and in 1925 received the appointment as director of the Woods Hole station of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. Nathan Calkins, son of the late Professor Gary N. Calkins, who has been acting as attorney for the Civil Aeronautics Authority, has received his g.) in the United States Navy. He reported for duty at the end of August. commission as a lieutenant (j. The title of professor emeritus of botany at the University of London has been conferred on Dr. Ruggles Gates on his retirement at the age of sixty years. A two-page biography of Dr. Matilda M. 3rooks, research associate in biology at the Uni- versity of California, appears in the volume of “Current Biography” published last year. Dr. Franz Schrader, professor of zoology at Columbia University, reviews the volume ‘‘Funda- mentals of Cytology” by Dr. Lester W. Sharp in Science for October 22. Dr. and Mrs. John S. Rankin, Jr., are the par- ents of a girl, born on August 3 in Seattle, Wash- ington. Dr. Rankin has served for several summers as instructor in the invertebrate zoology course at the Marine Biological Laboratory. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ANATOMISTS The American Association of Anatomists lost by death within one week, early in 1943: their president, Professor Edgar Allen, and their sec- retary-treasurer, Professor Francis Huntington Swett of Duke University. The duties of the presi- dent are being carried on by the first vice-presi- dent, Professor J. Parsons Schaeffer of Jefferson Medical College, while the office of secretary- treasurer is being filled by Professor Eliot R. Clark, University of Pennsylvania, who held the office during the term preceding Dr. Swett’s elec- tion, The regular 1943 meeting of the Association was postponed ; in the place of the usual meeting, local meetings were authorized by the Executive Conmittee. Two such meetings were held in the week preceding Easter, one in Chicago, and the other in Philadelphia. While no general meeting was held, members were requested to send the sec- retary abstracts of recent research work, and these were published and distributed to the members of the association as usual, 10 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 153 Beginning Investigators Burden, Rhoda Lee biol. fel. Tufts. Grell, Mary (Sister), O. S. B. Fordham. Hinchey, M. C. instr. biol. Temple. Hopkins, Alice Rochester. Jacobs, Athleen R. teaching fel. biol. Radcliffe. Jaeger, L. Columbia. Jenkins, Janet Wheaton. Keister, M. L. instr. zool. Wheaton. Lawniezak, Mary Justitia (Sister) student. }'ord- ham. LeFevre, P. G. res. asst. Pennsylvania. Lehman, G. grad. teaching fel. North Carolina. Littrell, Jae L. teaching asst. Illinois. Marks, Mildred H. res. asst. Pennsylvania. Mortensen, E. asst. prof. zool. George Washington. Philbrick, Madeline G. Russell Sage. Price, W. H. Pennsylvania. Satake, J. grad. Washington. (St. Louis). Wilson, W. L. grad. Pensylvania. Witkus, E. R. res. assoc. Fordham. Research Assistants Abramsky, Jessie technician Rockefeller Inst. Behan, Anne res. asst. Columbia. Gidge, Natalie Smith. Heidenthal, G. res. asst. Pennsylvania. Honegger, C. res. asst. Temple. Hutchinson, D. Cazenovia. John, H. M. res. asst. neurology. Columbia. Kawata, N. res. asst. Washington. (St. Louis). Krugelis, E. res. asst. Columbia. Lawler, H. C. res. asst. New York. Lowenhaupt, M. grad. Washington. (St. Louis). Miner, K. R. New York. Odlong, T. O. ves. biologist U. S. Fish & Wildlife. Stern, J. R. Toronto. Woodward, A. A. res. asst. Pennsylvania. Yarnall, M. Pennsylvania. Library Readers Amberson, W. R. prof. phys. Maryland Med. Anderson, T. F. assoc. Johnson Found. Pennsylvania. Beck, L. V. instr. phys. Hahnemann Med. Boche, R. D. instr. zool. Pennsylvania. Botsford, E. F. assoc. prof. zool. Connecticut. Brodie, B. B. res. assoc. biochem. New York. Brownell, K. A. res. assoc. phys. Ohio State. Caken, R. L. res. asst. pharmacol. Yale Med. Cahn, T. New York. Cahnmann, H. J. res. assoc. Mt. Sinai Hosp. Cassidy, H. G. instr. organic chem. Yale. Chidsey, J. L. asst. prof. Wheaton. Croasdale, H. T. tech. asst. Dartmouth. Franklin, R. G. prof. biol. St. Josephs Seminary. Furth, J. assoc. prof. pathol. Cornell. Gates, R. R. emeritus prof. bot. King’s College. (London). Gurewich, V. clinic asst. Bellevue Hosp. Haywood, C. prof. phys. Mount Holyoke. Hibbard, H. prof. zool. Oberlin. Krasnow, F. head dept. biochem. Guggenheim Dental Clinic. Lilly, J. C. fel. biophysics Johnson Found. Pennsyl- vania. Lowenstein, O. clinical prof. neurol. New York. Marshall, H. A. Massachusetts State. Mavor, J. W. prof. biol. Union. Menkin, V. asst. prof. path. Harvard Med. Meyerhof, O. res. prof. biochem. Pennsylvania. Moldaver, J. res. asst. neurol. Columbia. Nachmansohn, D. res. assoc. neurol. Columbia. Schmitt, F. O. head dept. biol. M. I. T. Silow, R. A. geneticist. Cotton Res. Sta. (Trinidad). Stahmann, M. A. res. asst. chem. Rockefeller Inst. Stern, K. G. chief chemist, Overly Biochem. Res. Found. Wolf, O. M. assoc. prof. Goucher. Woodward, A. E. asst. prof. Michigan. Yntema, C. L. asst. prof anat. Cornell Med. STUDENTS Andrus, Mary Wellesley. zool. Aronson, S. M. CCNY. biol. teaching fel. emb. Baca, Antoinette Duke. zool. Baker, Laura Jean Rochester. grad. zool. Loe Mary Elizabeth Washington. undergrad. asst. emb. Bourquin, Phillis Jane Oberlin. zool. Brooks, Barbara Radcliffe. zool. Brooks, Edith H. Swarthmore. zool. Burden, Rhoda Lee Tufts. grad. asst. phys. Chapman, Mary P. Vassar. zool. Chew, R. M. Washington and Jefferson. zool. Cole, ee Louise Wisconsin. grad. teaching asst. emb. Crane, Lois Haven Vassar. zool. Dehner, E. W. instr. St. Benedicts. zool. Ely, . A. grad. asst. Washington and Jefferson. zool. France, H. O. res. fell. biol. phys. Getz, Charlotte E. Chicago. zool. Graham, K. Merle asst. zool. Illinois. zool. Grell, Sister Mary, O. S. B. Fordham. zool. Hamilton, Helen R. science teach. Emma Willard School. -(Smith). zool. Harnischfeger, Eleanor Washington. zool. Hegemann, Idolene Bennington. zool. Hignutt, Charlotte Rose Washington. zool. Holloway, Rita Harris Oberlin. zool. Holmes, Thelma M. Seton Hill. zool. Honegger, Carol M. Temple. zool. Hopkins, Alice Rochester. emb. Kassafanas, Georgia Seton Hill. zool. Kelley, Ellen Mary N. J. College for Women. zool. Jan Tausch, Anne Me N. J. College for Women. zool. Jenkins, Janet R. undergrad. asst. Wheaton. emb. Jensen, Dorothy instr. Mt. Holyoke. zool. Lawniczak, Sister Mary Justitia, O.S.B. Fordham. zool. Lehman, Gene teach. North Carolina. emb. Lieb, Margaret Smith. zool. Loose, Marion grad. asst. biol. Goucher. emb. Lowenhaupt, Marian Washington. emb. Marsh, Mary Glyde Vassar. zool. Mekeel, Amy Grace assoc. in zool. Cornell. emb. Mitsuko, Tashiro grad. asst. Vassar. phys. Murray, Helen Ernestine Emmanuel. zool. Paisley, Anne DePauw. zool. Philbri-k, Madeline Russell Sage. phys. Pope, Edith Smith. zool. Pope, Philip Huntley prof. biol. Whitman. zool. Pope, Louise S. instr. biol. Whitman. zool. Ransom, Gladys Virginia biol. lab. asst. Wilson. zool. Reich, Eva Barnard. zool. Reilly, Sister Sara Louise Seton Hill. phys. Richards, Philip W. master. Groton School. zool. Riganmont, Jean Alice Penn. College for Women. zool. Rothreck, Suzanne DePauw. zool. Rubright, Eleanor Ohio Wesleyan. zool. Satake, J. N. Washington. emb. Schneyer, L. H. phys. Siegel, Blossom Brooklyn. phys. Somers, Elizabeth F. grad. Goucher. zool. Taylor, Ruth Mildred Oberlin. zool. Travis, Dorothy F. George Washington. emb. Uphoff, Delta E. Russell Sage. zool. Wahlert, Mary Rita Washington. emb. Weber, Kathleen Knote Richmond. zool. Wilde, Betty Lee lab. tech. Rockefeller Inst. emb. (Continued on Page 12) Novemper, 1943 | THE COLLECTING NET LABORATORY EXPLORATIONS IN GENERAL ZOOLOGY By KARL A. STILES ee 0 0 0 0 ee ODO 210 FIFTH AVE. Plant Principles for Research Alkaloids, Glycosides & Related Compounds Send for complete list. S. B. PENICK & COMPANY 50 Church Street New York 7, N. Y. IN QUEST OF GORILLAS By William K. Gregory and Henry C. Raven 171 illustrations — $3.50 THE DARWIN PRESS New Bedford, Mass. DISTINCTIVE TEXT Every biologist should at least examine LIFE SCIENCE, with its 1,024 illustrations. It pays especial attention to the needs of the many stu- dents who can program only one biology course, and who don’t want to miss any of the import- ant parts of life science—therefore it covers hu- man as well as plant and animal biology. It stresses scientific method and application to everyday life. WIDELY ADOPTED by universities and col- leges, the first edition of LIFE SCIENCE was all sold in less than one year. The improved sec- ond edition, published this spring, sells for $4.00. “On approval’ orders from instructors are wel- come. Address the author, M. W. de Laubenfels, 400 South Bonnie Avenue, Pasadena 4, California STERLING HAND PIPETTE For quick transfer of fluids from reservoir to recipient in small, accurate amounts. Quick volume adjustments. Easy disassembly for cleaning and sterilizing. Sturdy construction. Ask for Bulletin B-42 IVAN SORVALL NEW YORK 10, N.Y. [Vov. XVIII, No. 153 PHIPL. | E>) PS 0S ED OED () ES ESE ED) EE 1 1S OES OO 0 OTS) ED) O SID 0 ED (): “ua 0D 0D 0D DOSED CRE ORE (TD (ET TIE ET OE ET OT ED EO TD 1D 0 ED |) DED ED 0. AEE) CBP ED (ESP ED EP) SEPP ES DOS SEO NOVEMBER, 1943] THE COLLE CTING NET DIRECTOR OF THE AGASSIZ MUSEUM [r THOMAS BARBOUR Some Chapter Headings O Part I—The Making of a Naturalist Confessions of a Naturalist The Family The Mind’s Eye “For Richer for Poorer” Wallace and the Dutch East Flying Fish and Turtles The Sea and the Cave Cuba The Bahamas Old and New Reptiles in the West Indies Part II—The Sedentary Na- turalist Naturalists in Dispute Three Friends Mr. Justice Holmes Lifework The Glory Hole Those Who Help Panama Scientists and Philosophers Part I1I—The Leisurely Na- turalist Florida and Some Snakes The Tests of Evolution Whales Latin America Africa In Retrospect Appendices For Zoographers Only Render unto Caesar has written the zestful story of forty years as naturalist and explorer in NATURALIST AT LARGE In this delightful blend of travel and autobiography, one of the most famous living naturalists, and one of the most engaging personalities of our era, tells with gusto and affection the story oi his career. His book divides into three sec- tions. Part I, “The Making of a Natur- alist,’ covers Dr. Barbour’s earlier ex- peditions in South America and the Far East. Part II, ““The Sedentary Natural- t,”’ describes in human detail his work as a museum director, and the men he worked with. Part III, ‘““The Leisurely Naturalist,” records his later voyages. The entire volume, filled with keen ob- servation, lively anecdote and droll com- mentary, will delight and stimulate ev- eryone interested in the naturalist’s world. $3.50 An Atlantic Monthly Press Book BOSTON, MASS. LITTLE, BROWN & CO. 18 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 153 Devoted to Serving America’s Scientists Eimer and Amend’s new plant now has the large and well- arranged stocks, experienced personnel and up-to-date facili- ties to serve laboratories with a degree of efficiency and thorough- ness in keeping with the requirements of advanced Science. Eimer and Amend’s large and comprehensive stocks of both apparatus and chemicals together with its modern manufacturing facilities are at the command of every laboratory. Consult E. & A’s new Catalog 90 for Modern Laboratory Appliances. EIMER AND AMEND Headquarters for Laboratory Supplies Greenwich and Morton Streets New York, N. Y. é oe * ee NoveMBER, 1943 | THE COLLECTING NET 19 INTERNATIONAL Clinical Model Centrifuge The International Clinical Model is adaptable to practically any of the re- quirements of the smaller laboratory. Interchangeable accessories are avail- able for swinging 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 15 and 50 ml. tubes, as well as 12” x 4” and 5’ x 4” test tubes in either the angle or horizontal position. The Centrifuge is powered by a dependable high speed universal motor, and a steel guard bowl affords complete protection. A built-in seven-step speed control is pro- vided, and the Centrifuge is attractively finished in durable baked brown wrinkle. No. 428 Centrifuge, International Clinical, with rheostat, cord and plug, but without head and tubes, for 115 volts, A.C. or D.C., $42.75 (Accessory equipment extra) Available on standard laboratory preference rating P-43 —CONSULT YOUR DEALER— INTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO. Makers of Fine Centrifuges for More Than Forty Years 352 WESTERN AVENUE BOSTON, MASS. 20 Dt COLEECLING NED [ Vor. XVIII, No. 153 New Name (YA, Alconol Cleans Chemically Clean Here is a specially created wetting agent that gets your laboratory utensils chemically, thoroughly clean . . . free from film, water marks, etc. Alconox, though neither a soap nor strong alkali, is efficient in water of any degree of hardness. The surface depressant of Alconox is so great that no film can remain. In fact, if the utensil is left in an inverted position, toweling may be eliminated for all prac- tical purposes. Because its action is physical rather than chemical, Al- conox is easy on the hands and safe for the article cleaned. Alconox is its own cleansing agent requiring nothing but water to remove dirt, grit and grime. Economically speaking, a little Aleonox goes a long way ... 1 ounce makes a gallon of active, film-free cleanser reedy to get the most stubborn-to-clean utensil CHEMI- CALLY, THORGUGHLY CLEAN. Pern UD pie ences. - fair and has a worthy chef in Doc Abajian. The shortage of cereal grain has us a little stumped. —NYZ. 10 THE COLLECTING NET ([Vot. XVIII, No. 1 The Collecting Net A bi-weekly publicetion devoted to the scientific work at marine biological laboratories Edited by Ware Cattell with the assistence of Ruth Seott, Susan Straus end Jane Carruthers. THE SCIENCE PRESS Lancaster, Pa. Woods Ho!’e, Mass. Introducing Albert Froelich, M.D., associate pharmacologist at the May Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish Hospital in Cincinnati. Former emeritieri ordentlich professor Pharmakologie at the Univer- sity of Vienna. Dr. Froehlich learned to use a microscope be- fore he could read. Born in Vienna in 1871, he made up his mind at five to become a doctor. Vienna has been his home and he has worked at the University almost continuously since gradua- tion from the medical school in 1895. For five years following graduation, he worked in the Uni- versity hospital on the wards studying the influ- ence of the nervous system on various organs; even then he recognized the importance of the veg- etative nervous system in contrast to voluntary en- nervation. For detailed study of the influence ot the brain, he went to England in 1901 to study under Sir Charles Sherrington. A fellow student, Harvey Cushing, became one of his close friends. The first description of the symptoms later to become known at the Froehlich syndrome (Dys- trophia adiposogenitalis ) was given by Dr. Froeh- lich in a paper presented to the Imperial Royal Vienna Society of Physicians in 1901. These symptoms, he believes, are the result of leisions or of a tumor-like growth in the gland area possi- bly exerting pressure on the hypothalmus, but not of any primary disturbance in the hypothalmus. In 1902, ill health forccd him to go to Italy for a year where he worked at the Marine Biological Station in Naples on the organs of equilibrium of the cephalopods. Here began his life-long inter- est in marine biolozy. On returning to Vienna, he decided to give up clinical work and devote himself to research. The University appointed him lecturer in experimental pathology and late (in 1912) professor of pharmacology and toxicol- ogy; he taught there until the Anschluss. At Woods Hole, Dr. Froehlich is carry.ng out work on the effects of drugs on heat narcosis which he believes will throw some light on the question of tissue permeability. » His chief non-scientific interest is music which he considers he inherited in some psychic way from living in the neighborhood of Beethoven's home. He studied piano at the. University and enjoys his key role in the Sunday night “music- ales” at the M. Bb. L. Club. He is fond of poetry ind has contributed letters that he received from his friend, Rudyard Kipling to the Kipling Journal. Dr. and Mrs. Froehlich became American cit1- zens in 1944. They plan to return to Cincinnati in September where Dr. Froehlich has spent seven years working with Dr. Mirsky. SUPPORT OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION URGED Dr. Harry GRUNDFEST Secretary, American Association of Scientific Workers The bill to establish a National Science Foun- dation (S. 1850) passed the Senate by a two to one majority on July 3, with only one modifica- tion, which removed the Division of Social Sei- ences. The bill now goes to the House, where action during the next few weeks is essential if the National Science Foundation is to become a reality this year. Unfortunately, a complication was in- troduced into the House in the form of the Mills Bill, which attempts to revive the discarded Mag- nuson Bill. As pointed out in a series of recent articles in Science, the introduction of the Mills Bill (H. R. 6448) is dangerous because it may give the Congress the wrong impression that sci- entists are seriously divided on the question of the NSF. Actually, the overwhelming majority of scientists have expressed approval of the compro- mise bill worked out by Senators Magnuson and Kilgore with the aid of many scientists and after extensive hearings. Since quick action in the House is necessary, 1t is urgent that workers in the MBL, who represent a cross section of biologists from the entire coun- try take steps immediately on behalf of the Na- tional Science Foundation. What You Can Do 1. Write or wire Representative J. Percy Priest, of Tennessee, (chairman of the subcommit- tee on the Science Bills) to report favorably on the Senate Bill and against the Mills Bill. 2. Write to your congressman to support tne Senate Bill. You will find a list of all congress- men, by states and districts in the World Almanac, pp. 687 - 689 (in the library). 3. Write Congressmen John W. McCormicix and Joseph W. Martin, House majority and min- ority leaders to bring the Senate Bill to the floor. 4. If you have friends or acquaintances among the congressmen please write them especially. It is particularly important that scientists at National Woods Hole take these actions because they can thereby influence congressmen from all parts of the country aad from both parties, and thus aid greatly the future of all science. Jet 20h Eo (Continued from Page 1) these phenomena. On the biological side the prospects are equally exciting. Presumably every- thing will be killed on a large sector of the reef. To study the repopulation of this natural surface should be extremely interesting. What are the future prospects in oceanography ? On the whole, they seem very bright indeed. The recent establishment at the Hydrographic Office of a Division of Oceanography will probably have much of the same effect as the establishment of the Weather Bureau had on meteorology. The goy- ernment now has a headquarters for all oceanog- raphic information and a means of organizing the oceanographic facilities in this country for large scale attacks on basic problems. One major dif- ficulty with the earth sciences has been that indiv- idual investigators or even the private research organizations seldom have the resources to un- dertake a large scale observational program. It is the geographical aspects of oceanography that will in the end provide the means of solving many problems which will not yield to small scale stud- ies. One ship operating alone in the North At- lantic cannot hope to learn very much about the current system. Only the government has the resources to deal effectively with such problems. The recent Pacific Science Conference, called by the National Research Council, is also probab- ly indicative of the future of oceanography. At this meeting plans were formulated for a simul- THE COLLECTING NET 1] taneous attack on all aspects of science in the central Pacific area. Although the Pacific Ocean is a long ways from Woods Hole, it is clear that we will not be immune from the proposed studies of this newly occupied area. It seems advisable to end this brief report on a somewhat pessimistic note. Although there are obviously many interesting and useful things to be found out about the ocean, and a considerable number of qualified scientists have become inter- ested in marine problems, progress will be slow unless additional research vessels are available. The greatly increased expenses of operating sea going vessels have become a severe drain on the resources of the private oceanographic laborator- ies. The operation of Atlantis, for example, now would consume three quarters of our income from endowment. At the present time we are taking a long chance and installing a new engine which has been furnished by the government. Nevertheless, the shipyard bill, just for installing this engine, will approximate $30,000. How can private oceanographic laboratories continue to operate in the face of such expenses? Obviously the temptation to accept government subsidy 1s overwhelming. Five years of experience in work- ing with government funds convinces me_ that there is no real reason why university research people need have any fear of government control. Each needs the other in the worst possible way. As long as the civilian laboratory is effective, it will be able to dictate the local ground rules. NERVE AND MUSCLE SYMPOSIA OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Two of the symposia organized by the New York Academy of Sciences during the last year were devoted to the problem of nerve and muscle physiology. By the presence of several distin- guished guests from abroad the meetings had, for the first time after the war, an international char- acter. Among the foreign guests was J. C. Ec- cles, professor at the University of Dunedin, New Zealand, who was for ten years closely associated with Sherrington in Oxford. Frederic Bremer, professor at the University of Brussels, also a former associate of Sherrington and of Harvey Cushing, was one of the chairmen of the nerve symposium. Among the scientists from France were Professor Brynard from the University cr Toulouse, A Fessard, from the College de France and R. Couteaux from the Sorbonne. Chinese physiologists were represented by Dr. Feng. The symposium was sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation. Biophysical and biochemical aspects of nerve function were equally stressed at the nerve syim- posium. Dr. Rudolph Hoeber lectured about the membrane theory, Detlev W. Bronk on chemical factors influencing nerve activity, Eccles presented a new electric theory of the transmission of the nerve impulse in connection with his work on the end plate and synaptic potential. Drs. R. T. Cox and A. Fessard discussed work on the electric or- gans, Dr. David Nachmansohm, chairman of the symposium spoke on diolinesterase, Dr. A. Gil- man, on the pharmacology of the nervous system and Dr. R. W. Gerard on metabolism and fune- tion. At the muscle symposium the biochemical as- pects were discussed by Drs. Otto Meyerhof ana S. Ochoa. Dr. F. O. Schmitt presented most 1:- teresting new material on the ultra-structure. Drs. Alexander Sandow, E. Fischer and Dugal E. S. Brown lectured on different physical and phystco- chemical problems of muscle contraction. Obser- vations on ions were analyzed by Dr. H. B. Stem- bach. The presence of so many guests and old friends attracted a great crowd of outstanding nerve ana muscle physiologists of this country. After the long interruption due to the war, the meetings offered the first opportunity for exchange of views and information about recent developments in the field. 12 : THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, .No. 1 ITEMS OF INTEREST Dr. DetLtev W. Bron k, Johnson professor ot biophysics and director of the Johnson Research Foundation at the University of Pennsylvania, has been appointed chairman of the National Research Council. He succeeds Dr. Ross G. Harrison who has retired after eight years in this position. Dr. DuGatp E. S. Brown, professor of physi- ology, Dental School of New York University and trustee of the Marine Biological Laboratory has been appointed director of the Bermuda Biologicat Station. Dr. Brown took a plane to Bermuda early in July, but plans to return to the States for a brief period in August. He will come to Woods Hole to attend the meeting of the trustees. Dr. Fritz LipMANN, research chemist at the Massachusetts General Hospital, visited the MBL July 16 to 17. Dr. Lipmann, a former associate of Professor Otto Meyerhof, delivered a lecture on “Metabolic Energy Transformations” to the physiology class. He is an authority on energy transformations in the cell and is particularly known for his work on energy-phosphate bonds. Proressor CORNELIS BERNARDUS VAN NIEL, the former director of the Hopkins Marine Station in California and currently at the University ot Stanford, engaged in some informal discussions of photosynthesis during his visit to the MBL the week-end of July 4th. Dr. JoHN Moors, assistant professor of zoolo- gy at Barnard College, who has Leen teaching in the Embryology Course at the Laboratory this Summer, left on July 23 to join a collecting expe- dition from the American Museum of Natural History; the group leaves shortly for Northern and Central Mexico. The purpose of Dr. Moore's trip is to collect amphibians. Dr. Epwarp S. Dervey, liminologist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution left last week to work with Dr. Akruur D. Hasscer of the Universtiy of Wisconsm. He will return to Yale University in September to his duties as as- sistant professor of biology. Asutey H. Carrer, an electronic physicist, joined the staff of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on July 8 as a research associate. He obtained his AB from Harvard last year and was a Naval communications officer until his recent discharge. THE EVENING LECTURES AND SEMINARS Recent lectures have been: June 28: Dr. Jane Oppenheimer, “The Organization of the Telost Blastoderm”. July 5: Prof. E. N. Harvey, “The Effects of High Velocity Missiles on Tissue’. July 12: Dr. Benjamin W. Zweifach, “The Rela- tion of Metabolic Derangements of Liver and Kid- ney to Peripheral Vascular Reactions”. July ly: Dr. E. W. Dempsey, “Observations on the Chem- ical Cytology of Several Manynalian Tissues”. July 25: Dr. Howard Meyerhof, “The Crisis in Science Legislation”. The seminars were: July 9: Dr. Albert Tyler, “Inhibition of Fertilization in Sea Urchins by Means of Univalent Antibodies vs. Antifertiliza- tion”; Dr. W. A. Robbie, “The Cyanide Sensitiv1- ty of the Unfertilized Sea Urchin Egg’; Dr. J. E. Kindred, ‘“‘The Effects of Mustard Vesicants on the Hemoletic Organs”. July 16: Dr. A. F. Bliss, “Intermediate Steps in the Visual Cycle; Dr. A. M. Shane, “The Role of Metabolism in the Injury Potential of Frog Nerves”; Dr. W. H. Price, “Ad- enosine, Triphosphatease, Myosine, Actin, and Their Relation to the Mechanico-chemical Coup- ling of Muscle”. July 23: M. M. Brooks, “Ox1- dation-reduction Studies as a Clue to the Mech- anism of Fertilization of Marine Eggs”; C. L. Yntema, “An Analysis of Induction of the Audi- tory Vesicle in the Salamander; J. T. Bonner, “Aspects of Morphogensis in the Slime Molds”. THE SUNDAY MUSICALS An Appeal To Amateur or Professional Musicians The Sunday musicals which have been a feature of the M. B. L. Club during the past two sum- ners were instituted once more on July 7 with a short program of piano music and solo singing. The first evening was especially for the purpose of encouraging others to reveal their hidden tai- ents that they might thus contribute to the general enjoyment of the attending audience, This appeal, it is hoped, will uncover singers, whether men or women and instrumentalists from the piccolo-flute to the majestic double-bass. The capacities of the audience are manifold and their sympathetic attitude precludes harsh criticism. If you are convinced that these musicals are contributing to the community life at the Labo- ratory or if you need additional encouragement, please contact either Dr. Alfred Frochlich (Br 311), otherwise known as “The Maestro,” or Dr. Walter Wainio (Br 110). TENNIS AT M. B. L. The mess court of the M. B. L. Tennis Club has been in use for some time due to the strenuous efforts of a few early comers to put it in shape. One of the beach courts is ready for use but the other needs more attention. The club is a joint venture maintained by the dues and sweat of its members. Persons affiliat- ed with the M. B. L. or with the W. H. O. I. and their families are eligible for membership. — Dr. Ryan is secretary-treasurer of the organization. Jury 20, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET _ eee 13 DIRECTORY FOR 1946 KEY Laboratories Botany Building........ Bot Old Main Building....OM Brick Building .... Br Rockefeller Bldg. ....Rock Lecture Hall .......... Wien leibranyacsecete ees Lib Residences Apartment ....... eee eK ler even ceccrceccrenecesss David House .. .Da_ Kidder ........ Dormitory... D_ Nickerson . Drew House ............. Dr Whitman Fisheries Residence.....F Supply Dept. Bldg EMD DAL eesccssccecsscccee sas H The place of residence is included only in the case of individuals living on laboratory property. MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY THE STAFF ZOOLOGY Consultants Bissonnette, T. H. prof. biol. Trinity. Woodruff, L. L. prof. proto. Yale. Instructors Brown, F. A. Jr. assoc. prof. zool. Northwestern, in charge. Bullock, T. H, asst. prof. anat. Missouri Med. Burbanck, W. D. assoc. prof. biol. Drury. Goodchild, C. G. prof. biol. Southwest Missouri State. Lochhead, J. H. instr. zool. Vermont. Pierce, Madelene E. asst. prof. zool. Vassar. Reid, W. M. asst. prof. biol. Monmouth. Rogick, Mary D. prof. biol. New Rochelle. Laboratory Assistant Baca, Antoinette. Duke Med . EMBRYOLOGY Consultants Armstrong, P. B. prof. anat. Syracuse Med. Goodrich, H. B. prof. biol. Wesleyan. Instructors Costello, D. P. prof. zool. North Carolina. in charge. Moore, J. A. instr. zool. Barnard. Oppenheimer, Jane M. asst. prof. biol. Bryn Mawr. Tyler, A. asst. prof. embr, California Inst. of Tech. Research Assistant Hopkins, Marjorie. California. Laboratory Assistants Henley, Catherine. Johns Hopkins. Lerner, Eleancr. Washington (St. Louis). PHYSIOLOGY Consultants Amberson, W. R. prof. phys. Maryland Med. Bradley, H. C. prof. phys. chem. Wisconsin. Garrey, W. E. prof. phys. Vanderbilt Med. Jacobs, M. H. prof. phys. Pennsylvania. Instructors Barron, E. S. G. assoc, prof. biochem. Chicago. Chase, A. M. asst. prof. biol. Princeton. Giese, A. C. assoc. prof. biol. Stanford, Kempton, R. T. prof. zool. Vassar. Parpart, A. K. assoc. prof. biol. Princeton. in charge. Ramsey, R. assoc. prof. phys. Virginia Med. BOTANY Consultants Burkholder, P. R. Eaton prof. bot. Yale. Brooks, S, C. prof. zool. California. Instructors Croasdale, Hannah T. Dartmouth. Doty, M. S. instr. bot. Northwestern. Taylor, W. R. prof. bot. Michigan, in charge. INVESTIGATORS Abell, R. G. asst. prof. anatomy. Pennsylvania Med. Br 325. Abramsky, T. res. asst. Rockefeller Institute. Br 207. A 304. Addison, W. H. F. prof. hist. & emb. Pennsylvania Med. Br 344. A 108. Amberson, W. R. prof. phys. Maryland Med. Br 302. Anderson, R. S. asst. prof. phys. Maryland Med. Br 342. F 42. Anfinsen, C. B. associate biochem. Harvard Med. Br 216. A 308-9. Armstrong, P. B. prof. anat. Syracuse Med. Br 318. A 301. Baitsell, G. A. prof. biol. Yale. Baker, Gladys E. assoc. prof. bot. Vassar. Lib U. Ball, E. G. prof. biol. chem. Harvard Med. Br. 313 Barron, I. S. G. assoc. prof. biochem. Chicago Med. OM 1B. Bender, A. invest. phys. Pennsylvania. Br 2191. D 210. Bennighof, C. L. asst. prof. biol. Western Maryland. (July 23). Berger, C. A. dir. Bio. Lab. (Fordham) Br 225. Berman, Marjorie res. asst. neurol. Columbia. Br 336. Bevelander, G. assoc. prof. anat. New York. Br 110. F 41. Bliss, A. F. instr. phys. Tufts Med. Br 122. A 105. Block, R. asst. prof. Yale. Lib Q. Blum, H. F. Guggenheim fel. phys. Lib. 7. N 7 & 9. Boel], E. J. assoc. prof. biol. Yale. (July 15). Bonner, J. T. Junior fel. biol. Harvard. Br 217K. A 102. Bridgman, Josephine assoc. prof. biol. Limestone Col- lege, North Carolina. Brink, F. Jr. res. assoc. Pennsylvania. Br 317. Bronk, D. W. Brooks, S. C. prof. zool. California. Br 320. Brooks, Matilda M. res. assoc. biol. California. Br 320. Brounell, Katherine A. res. assoc. phys. Ohio State. Br 111. A 305. Brown, F. A., Jr. prof. zool. Northwestern. OM 28. A 202. Brust, M. teach. fel. biol. New York. Bot 5. K 15. Buck, J. B. Nat. Inst. of Health. Br 329. Buddington, R. A. emerit. prof. zool. Oberlin. Br 218. THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 1 24ND rS lal Burbanck, W. D. prof. biol. Drury. OM 27. D 302. Burkholder, P. R. prof. bot. Yale. Br 106. Campbell, Margaret T. res. asst. embr. California Inst. Tech. Br 233. Cannan, R. K. prof. chem. New York. Br 309. Cantoni, G. L. asst. prof. phys. & pharm. Long Island Med. (Aug. 4). ; Cassidy, H. G. asst. prof. chem. Yale. Lib 3. D 2138. Chambers, R. prof. biol. New York. Br 325. Chamber, E. OM. Chase, A. M. asst. prof. biol. Princeton. OM 2. Cheney, R. H. chairman biol. Long Island. (July 29). Chrystall, Frieda L. teach. biol. Julia Richmond High N.Y.) ia C. L. res. fel. surg. Harvard Med. Br 216. A 208-9. Clark, E. R. prof. anat. Pennsylvania Med. Br 117. Clement, A. C. assoc. prof. biol. Charleston. Br 217. Da 103. Cole, K. S. prof. biophysics. Chicago. Br 332. D 1. Conklin, E. G. emerit. prof. biol. Princeton. Br 321. Copeland, D. E. asst. prof. zool. Brown. Rock 3. D 314. Costello, D. P. prof. zool. North Carolina. Br 123. A 201. Cox, E. H. prof. chem. Swarthmore. (Aug. 16). Croasdale, Hannah T. tech. asst. bot. Dartmouth. Bot. Crouse, Helen V. res. assoc. Pennsylvania. Br 204. Crowell, S. assoc. prof. zool. Miami. Br 217M. Curtis, W. C. prof. zool. Missouri. Br 331. D 212. Dalton, H. C. instr. biol. Brown. (Aug. 5). Deane, Helen W. anat. Harvard Med. Br 217B. DeFalco, Rose H. res. asst. zool. Pennsylvania. Br 204. Dietz, Alma. asst. t. head. biol. American Interna- tional College (Mass.) Bot W. Diller, Irene C. res. cytol. Lankenau Hospital. OM 43. Diller, W.F. asst. prof. Pennsylvania. OM 43. Doty, M. S. instr. bot. Northwestern. Bot. A 303. Douglis, Marjorie B. asst. zool. Chicago. OM 36, Dumm, Mary E. instr. chem. New York Med. Br 309. Ellinger, T. U. H. prof. zool, Howard. Rock 6. Dr. 5 & 8. Erdman, J. G. fel. biochem. Mellon Inst. of Indus. Res. (Aug. 11). Failla, G. prof. radiol. Columbia. Br 306. D 210-11. Figge, F. H. J. assoc. prof. anat. Maryland Med. Br Billsy. Fisk, A. A. fel. path. Yale Med. Br 217F. Fiske, Virginia M. instr. zool. Wellesley. Br 217D. Fox, Marjorie H. res. fel. zool. California. Br 314. Friedmann, U. head bact. Jewish Hospital, (Brook- lyn, N.Y.) (July 15). Fries, E. F. B. asst. prof. biol. City Col. (N.Y.) Br 217L. Frisch, J. A. prof. biol. Canisius (Buffalo). OM 44. Froehlich, A. assoc. neurol. May Inst. (Cincinatti). Br 311. Da 6. Furth, J. prof. path. Cornell Med. Bot 2. : Garrey, W. E. emerit. prof. phys. Vanderbilt. Br 215. Giese, A. C. prof. biol. Stanford. OM 1A. D 3811. Gilbert, P. W. asst. prof. zool. Cornell. (Aug. 1). Gilman, Lauren C. asst. prof. zool. Soath Dakota. Br 217H. Goreau, T. F. med. Pennsylvania. Br 2170. Goodchild, C. G. prof. biol. Missouri. OM 29. Gould, Eleanor S. asst. anat. Tulane Med. (Aug. 1). Gould, H. N. prof. biol. Tulane. (Aug. 1). Grand, C. G. res. asst. biol. New York. Br 325. Grant, Madeleine P. memb. faculty zool. Sarah Law- rence. Br 303. Gray, I. E. prof. zool. Duke. Br 125. Green, J. W. grad. biol. Princeton. OM Base. Greenstein, J. P. principal biochemist. National Can- cer Institute. (Aug. 1). Greenberg, R. grad. Ohio. Br 122. Dr 1. Gregg, J. R. instr. biol. Johns Hopkins. Br 216, Grundfest, H. res. assoc. neurol. Columbia. Med. Br 126. Gudernatsch, F. visit. prof. biol. New York. Gurewich, V. asst. visit. physician. Bellevue Hospital. Lib. K. Hamilton, H. L. asst. prof. zool. Iowa State. OM 39. Dr 6. Harding, C. V. Jr. asst. phys. Brown. Br 227. Hanrily, M. H. assoc. prof. biol. New York. Br 348. Hartman, F. A. prof. phys. Ohio. Br 111. D 218. Harvey, Ethel B. invest. biol. Princeton. Br 116. Harvey, E. N. prof. phys. Princeton. Br 116, Haywood, Charlotte. prof. phys. Mount Holyoke. Br 340. Heilbrunn, L. V. prof, zool. Pennsylvania. Br 219. Helfman, Myra. res. asst. biol. New York. Br 110. Henley, Catherine. instr. biol. Johns Hopkins. OM 41. Ker: Hibbard, Hope. prof. zool. Oberlin. Br 218. Hopkins, H. S. assoc. prof. phys. New York Dent. OM 39. A 107. Hopkins, C. Nadine. asst. zool. Northwestern. Honegger, Carol. instr. biol. Temple. Br 214. D 216. Hutchings, Lois M. instr. biol. New York. Br 315. Hunter, F. R. asst. prof. zool. Oklahoma, OM. Ifft, J. D. asst. prof. biol. Simmons. OM 36. D 310. Jacobs, M. H. prof. phys. Pennsylvania. Br 205. Jenkins, G. B. emerit. prof. anat. George Washing- ton Med. OM 46. Johlin, J. M. assoc. prof. biochem. Vanderbilt Med. Br 122D. D 212: Kaan, Helen W. assoc. prof. zool. Wellesley. A 206. Keller, R. res. Robinson Found. (N.Y.) OM 465. Kemp, Margaret asst. prof. bot. Smith. A 204. Kerschner, Jean. res. asst. zool. Pennsylvania. Br 204. Kindred, J. E. prof. anat. Virginia Med. Br 122A. D 208. Kleinholz, L. H. Guggenheim fel. biol. Harvard. Bri: Klotz, I. M., asst. prof. chem. Northwestern. OM 28. Klotz, J. W. instr. biol. Concordia. (Ill.) Rock 7. Krasnow, Frances head res. Guggenheim Dental Found. Lib D. Kreiger, G. L. Guggenheim fel. phys. Princeton Br 321. Krugelis, Edith J. instr. zool. Vassar. (Aug. 1). Kuntz, Eloise asst. Brown. OM 36. D 307. Lavin, G. I. Rockefeller Inst. Br 231. Lazarow, A. asst. prof. anat. Western Reserve Med. Br 107. Le Fevre, Linda. res. asst. Pennsylvania. Rock 7. Le Fevre, P. G. instr. phys. Vermont Med. Br 227. Lein, J. grad. biol. Princeton. OM Base. Lerner, Eleanor fel. zool. Washington (St. Louis). OM 41. H 8. Lillie, R. S. prof. phys. Chicago. Br 326. Lilly 20 Mt asst. prof. biol. St. John’s (Brooklyn). ot. 4. Llana, A. H. asst. dir. bot. Marine Biol. Sta. (Chile). Bot. 1. Jury 20, 1946] Lochhead, J. H. asst. prof. zool. Vermont. OM 34. D 204-5. Loewi, O. res. prof. pharm. New York Med. Br 3811. Lovelace, Roberta. tech. fel. zool. North Carolina. Br 217G. Low, Eva M. grad. chem. Yale. Lib E. Lowell, Lowell. res. asst. New York. Br 110, D 309. Lucké, B. prof. path. Pennsylvania Med. Br 223. Lynch, W. F. tech. fel. New York. McDonald, Sister Elizabeth Seton. prof. biol. Mount St. Joseph-on-the-Ohio. (Cincinnati). Lib A. McLean, Dorothy J. dem. zool. Toronto. Br 315. D PAs), Marinelli, L. D. physicist, Memorial Hospital. Marmont, G. H. asst. prof. phys. Chicago. Br 332. Marsland, D. assoc. prof. biol. New York. Bir 343. D 112B. Mast, S. O. emerit. prof. zool. Johns Hopkins. Br 329. Menkin, V. asst. prof. path. Duke Med. OM 45. - Metz, C. W. prof. zool. Pennsylvania. Br 204. Mitchell, Constance. res. asst. zool. Pennsylvania Rock 7. W. Mitchell, P. H. prof. phys. Brown. Mitchell, R. F. res. asst. biol. New York. Br 325. Moore, J. A. asst. prof. zool. Barnard. Br 339. Dr 7. Moschcowitz, E. asst. prof. chem. med. Columbia, Moul, E. teach. fel. bot. Pennsylvania. Bot. 1. D 201b, Nachmanesohn, D. res. essoc. neurol. Columbia Med. Br 335-6. D 112B. Nelson, L. invest. Br 217F. Da 10. Norris, K. H. asst. electronic eng. Chicago. Br 332. Northrup, J. H. mem. phys. Rockefeller Inst. Br 209. Oppenheimer, Jane M. asst. prof. biol. Bryn Mawr. Br 322. D 308. Ormsbce, R. A. assoc. Memorial Hosp. Br 312. Orr, P. R. asst. prof. biol. Brooklyn. Cster, R. H. assoc. prof. phys. Maryland Med. Br 342. Osterhout, W. J. V. mem. Rockefeller Inst. Br 207. A 203. Parpart, A. K. prof. biol. Princeton. OM 2. Pierce, Madelene F. assoc. prof. zool. Vassar. OM 26. D 316. Pierson, Bernice F. invest. Johns Hopkins. Br 315. Ponder, E. invest. Nassau Hospital, (Mineola). Pculsen, D. F. asst. prof. biol. Yale. (Aug. 1). Price, W. H. res. asst. pharm. Washington Med. (St, Louis). Br 108. Rakestraw, N. W. res. assoc. chem. oceanography. Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. Br 310. Rall, W. grad. biophys. Chicago. Br 332. Ramsey, R. assoc. prof. phys. OM 4. Rankin, J. S. Jr. asst. prof. zool. Connecticut. Reid, W. M. head biol. Monmouth (Ill.) OM 32. Reinhard, E. G. prof. biol. Catholic University. Br 330. D 202. Robbie, W. A. res. asst. prof. ophthalm. and phys. Iowa. Br 213. D 111. (Unit. State July 15). Rogers, H. C. Deerfield Academy (Mass.) OM 36. Rogick, Mary D. prof. biol. New Rochelle, OM 25. Rosen, Gloria. res. asst. bact. Yale. Br 100. Rothenberg, M. A. res. asst. biochem. Columbia. Br 336. Ryan, F. J. asst. prof. zool. Columbia. Br 305. Sandeen, M. asst. zool. Northwestern. Sandow, A. asst. vrof. biol. New York. (Aug. 5). Savage, J. L. Rockefeller fel. math. Columbia. Lib M. N 9. Schaeffer, A. A. prof. biol. Temple. Br 214. D 313. Scharrer, E. assoc. prof. anat. Colorado Med. Br 107. Scharrer, Berta, instr. anat. Colorado Med. Br 107. Schneyer, L. instr. phys. New York. Br 110. D 207. THE COLLECTING NET . 15 Schrank, A. R. asst. prof. phys. Texas. Scott, Sister Florence M. prof. biol. Seton Hill (Pa.) Br 225. Scott, G. 'l. asst. prof. zool. Oberlin. Br 218. Serin, B. G. res. asst. zool. Pennsylvania. Rock. Shanes, A. M. asst. prof. phys. New York. Br 110. D 101B. Shereshefsky, J. L. prof. physical chem. Howard. Rock 6. Da 9. Sichel, t*. prof. phys. Vermont Med. Br 318. Slifer, Eleanor H. asst. prof. Iowa State. Br 217A. D 203. Smith, J. instr. biol. Columbia. Br 422. D 49. Speidel, C. C. prof. anat. Virginia. D 315. Steinbach, H. B. assoc. prof. zool. Washington (St. Louis). Br 108. Stern, K. G. adj. prof. biochem. Polytech. Inst. (Brooklyn). Stewart, Dorothy R. res. assoc. phys. Pennsylvamua. Br 205. D 49. Stokey, Alma G. prof. Mount Holyoke. Bot A. Straus, W. L. Jr. assoc. prof. anat. Johns Hopkins. OM 23. Dr. Taylor, Babette. grad. zool. Washington (St. Louis). Br 108. K 8. Te Winkel, Lois E. assoc. prof. zool. Smith. Br 217B. A 205. Thomson, Betty F. asst. prof. bot. Connecticut Col. for Women. Br 321. Tracy, H. C. prof. anat. Kansas. Br 118. F 53. Tyler, A. assoc. prof. emb. California Inst. of Tech. Br 233. ‘iyler, Betty S. res. asst. emb. Cal. Inst. of Tech, Br 233. D 206. Ulled, E. res. asst. biol. Temple Med. OM 45. Villee, C. A. instr. biol. chem. Harvard Med. Br 313. A 106. Vishniac, W. res, asst. zool. Washington (St. Louis). Br 108. Dr. attic. Wainio, W. W. asst. prof phys. New York. Br 110. Warner, R. C. asst. prof. chem. New York. Br 309. Watts, Nellie P. res. assoc. therap. New York. (Aug. 5). Weiss, P. prof. zool. Chicago. (July 15). Weiss, M. S. teach. fel. biol, New York. Bot. 6. K 15. Wheeler, C. H. Jr. instr. phys. Kansas. Br 118. White, tlizabeth L. grad. biol. Bryn Mawr. Br 217. K 12. Whiting, Anna R. instr. zool. Pennsylvania. Rock 7. Whiting, P. W. prof. zool. Pennsylvania. Rock 7. Wichterman, R. assoc. prof. biol. Temple. Br 122C. D 104. Wiercinski, F. J. prof. biol. Lewis Sch. (Chicago). Br 217N. Wilber, C. G. asst. prof. phys. Fordham. Br 226. D 108. Willier, B. H. prof. biol. Johns Hopkins. Br 324 D 391A. Willis, Marian. res. asst. zool. Pennsylvania. Br 219. Wilson, Jean E. grad. zool. Pennsylvania. Br 220. Da 10. Wilson, T. H. phys. Pennsylvania Med. Br 205. Wilson, W. L. grad. radiology. Pennsylvania. Br 219. Da 10. Winsor, C. P. asst. prof. Johns Hopkins. Weolward, A. A. Jr. res. asst. zool. Pennsylvania. Br 220. D 301B. Wrinch, Dorothy. lect. phys. Smith. Br 223. Yntema, C. L. asst. prof. anet. Cornell. Br 301. Zacks, S. res. asst. hist. Brookiine High. Br 344. 16 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 1 Ziegler, Bernice. grad. asst. zool. Washington (St. Louis). Br 108. K 2. Zorzoli, Anita. instr. phys. Washington (St. Louis). Lib B. H 9. STUDENTS Abajian, J. Jr. assoc. prof. anesthesiology. Vermont Med. phys. Banner, A. H. asst. prof. zool. embr. F 55. Barish, Natalie, Goucher. embr. H 3. Benedict, Dora. Harvard Med. phys. W b. Berg, G. G. grad. zool. Columbia. phys. Ka 24. Brinsley, B. grad. New York. embr. F 47. Bruch, P. R. Wesleyan (Conn.) embr. K 6. Bucklin, D. H. grad. Brown. embr. F 55. Chivers, Miriam. grad. Howard. embr. Dr 10. Clark, C. C. grad. asst. Columbia. phys. K 5. Connelly, C. M. grad. cancer fel. Pennsylvania. phys. Ka 28. Crapster, W. P. phys. F 54. DiDea, A. grad. asst. zool. Washington (St. Louis). embr. K 7. Ebert, J. D. grad. embr. Johns Hopkins, embr. D 10%. Eisenberg, Norma. grad. embr. Brooklyn. embr. K 1. Fitch, Naomi, S. McGill, embr. W c. Flood, F. X. asst. prof. biol. Canisius (Buffalo) embr. Friedman, F. L. grad. phys. Brooklyn. embr. K 1. Galbreath, Jean L. asst. biol. Elmira. embr. H 7. Gregg, J. H. grad. Miami Marine Lab. phys. Gregory, J. C. grad. organ. chem. Yale. phys. K 7. Guthe, K. F. grad. biol. Harvard. phys. Harrison, J W. grad. biol. Washington and Jeffer- son. embr. F 48. Harting, Janey. asst. Washington (St. Louis) phys. K 3. Hunter, F, R. asst. prof. zool. Oklahoma. phys. Ka 24, Joftes, D. L. grad. Tufts. phys. F 49. Johnson, Shirley A. res. asst. gen. phys. Toronto. phys. D 215. Jones, Alberta. grad. embr. Howard. embr. Dr 10. Kemp, N. E. instr. biol. Wayne, phys. Kuff, E. L. grad. Johns Hopkins. embr. K. Leigh, W. H. instr. zool. Chicago City Jr. College. embr. F 47. Levin, [lene B. grad. Goucher. phys. H 1. Liu, Chien-Kang. grad. zool. McGill. embr. F 44. Markert, C. L. grad. asst. zool. Johns Hopkins. embr. F 45. Marshall, Jean McE. instr. phys. Mount Holyoke. phys. McPhee, Gwelda S. grad. asst. phys. Vassar. phys. Hawaii (Honolulu). Mendes, E. G. asst. prof. S. Paulo (Brazil). phys. Dr 3. Moore, Ellen L. Wellesley. embr. W p. Morris, D. M. Jr. grad. asst. zool. Indiana. embr. Mullally, W. B. instr. biol. St. Anselm (N. H.) embr. Murtland, R. L. grad. biol. Washington & Jefferson. embr. F 48. Narahara, H. T. grad. Columbia. phys. K 14. Nelson, T. C. grad. asst. zoo0l. Columbia. phys. A 104. Pequegnat, W. E. asst. prof. zool. Pomona (Calt.) embr. F 45. Roys, C. C. grad. Chicago. phys. F 50. Saslow, H. B. lab. instr. and grad. Illinois. phys. F 54. Schecter, D. E. grad. McGill. embr. F 44. Seaman, Arlene, instr. zool. Cornell. embr. W e. Shapiro, Esther M. Goucher. embr. H 1. Shulman, N. R. Johns Hopkins Med. phys. F 50. Silber, E. Maryland Med. phys. F 50. St. George, R. C. C. Jr. grad. chem. Harvard. phys. Tatum, Anne. grad. Rosemont College. embr. W e. Tiemeier, O. W. grad. fel. zool. Illinois. embr. F 45. Tuttle, Ruth F. instr. Carnegie Inst. embr. W c. Uber, Virginia M. asst. biol. Penn. College for Wo- men. embr. W i. Umbarger, H. E. grad. phys. Wilson, M. E. grad. bot. Western Maryland College. H 2. OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION Archibald, Ruth M. sec. W. Crowell, Polly L. asst. to bus. mgr. Myers, Lila S. sec. MacNaught, F. M. bus mgr. Packard, C. director. Tuthill, Elizabeth, L. sec. EXPERIMENTAL RADIOLOGY Failla, G. Columbia Med. Hyde, L, R. Phillips. Exeter. THE SUPPLY DEPT Abbott, T. Episcopal Acam. (Philadelphia). collector. Beal, T. P. Brooks School. collector. Ka. Crowell, Ruth S. sec. Dietz, Alma. Amer. Internat]. College. botany. col- lector W. Goffin, R. collector. Graham, J. Haddonfield High. collector. Gray, M. B. collector. Hilton, A. M. collector. Kahler, W. E, collector. Lahive, Joanne F. sec. W. Leky, G. collector. Marie, R. Boston English High. collector. Ka. McInnis, J. mgr. Parrish, N. collector. Ka. Rankin, J, Connecticut. preparator. Dr. Sellin, T. Germantown Friends. collector, Ka. Siegel, R. Connecticut. collector. Ka. Wamsley, F. W. supervisor of schools (Charleston) preparator. Whitman, E. N. collector. Zinn, D. J. naturalist. NOTE: Limitations of space prevents the inclu- sion of the names of persons classified under the fol- lowing heads: Apparatus, Chemical, Glassblowing, Optical Laboratory, Photographic, The Biological Bulletin and Museum. They will be printed in the next issue. Ifeuee ZU Eo THE COLLECTING NET —STEM STRUCTURE— ) PA =ARISTOLOCHIA= epiocamis-e | | termina, ou ie ce | ‘ STELE [st aeeM aS RO Eke SH wae iar Sea LATERAL BUD si 4} it} a by eee ; : } (es \ eA {f BT, | BRANCH co IMPS TY a | LENTICEL=L— PITH RAY i ry) PBROVASCULAR — [ PHLOEM- PH! | sino — [ea PERICYCLE “EXTERNAL Boe —— STRUCTURE CELLULAR STRUCTURE—— COMPANION CELLS- CC SIEVE ‘TUBE-ST PARENCHY HA ‘TRACHEID-TR | [meER=F DETAILS OF ELEM ano CROSS-SECTION OF A FIBROVASCULAR BUNDLE PT NEWYORK SUENTINC SUPPLY CO be New You’ 7 DEG S per ee an Sacha tae Se nes me ye eoee NYSSCO CHART “STEM STRUCTURE” Size 36” x 50”, cloth-backed UPERB 3-dimensional figure of stem structure, to- gether with details of elements, external fe atures, ete., makes this chart another of the outstanding dis- tinctive preparations of the series, worth including in your chart collection. Gy of our series of 78 carefully planned charts. The series is divided into four groups, (a) Bio- logical Principles (including 14 charts for Genetics), (b) Botany, (¢) Zoology, (d) Health and Disease. Beautifully lithographed in black and white. he HESE charts were planned with the cooperation of the Chart Committee of the New York Associa- tion of Biology Teachers. Unusual and painstaking care was exercised with regard to subject treatment, scientific accuracy, and artistic presentation, With eyelets—$3.25 With rods—$4.00 If not already in your jiles, ask for Catalog No. 7H. Est. 1919 ‘NEW YORK SCIENTIFIC SUPPLY CO. General Supplies for Biology and Chemistry 28 West 30th Street New York 1, N. Y. GAMMA PH-METERS 95 Madison Avenue CHAMBERS’ MICRO-MANIPULATOR GAMMA CHEMICAL MICRO-MANIPULATOR “CORNELL”- MANIPULATOR (astage with 3-dimen- sional motion accomodating small animals for mi- eroscopic observation) Woods Hole Exhibition Aug. 5-9, 1946 “MICROFLEX” the Mirror-Refiex micro camera Write for literature and delivery tnformation to: GAMMA INSTRUMENT COMPANY, Inc. New York 16, N. Y. 18 THE COLLECTING NET be: [ VoL. XVIII, No. 1 DOLL ILL LOO LD. 99088 PLPLOD CO LOL LDP LLL LDL ID LOLOL ISO OOD DDO LOGS Reserved for Merck & Company, Inc. Jury 20, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET 19 A. H. T. CO. SPECIFICATION NON-CORROSIVE, RED LABEL Of hard glass, nearly pure white in color and guaranteed against corrosion in any climate. 7086-A. MICRO SLIDES, Non-Corrosive, Red Label, A.H.T. Co. Specification. Of hard glass, nearly pure white in color and guaranteed against corrosion in any climate. Thickness varies between 1.18 and 1.80 mm, with an average of 1.23 mm. The glass from which our Slides are made is of superior quality—particularly as to surface finish and uniform thickness—so that the two grades are identical] as to stability, optical quality and planeness of surface, the following classification de- pending upon freedom from bubbles, pits, nicks and striae and in the finish of the edges: Special Slides. With polished edges, slightly beveled on the three-inch edge, and with rounded corners. Entirely free from bubbles, pits, nicks and striae. Individually selected and offered as, in our judg- ment, the best micro slide now available. Clinical Slides. With polished edges and rounded corners, i.e. identical with Special slides except for the omission of the slight bevel on the three-inch euge and that selection is based upon the plate from which the slides are cut, rather than upon the Individual slide, so that an occasional slide may be found with a slight defect. Offered as a supenor slide for general work. Some Micro Slides show cloudiness near the edge—and sometimes throughout the usable surface—as a result of the deposit of powdered glass in solution from the edge-grinding process, with too rapid drying and insufficient cleaning thereafter. Our Slides are free from this defect because of the procedure followed for cleaning and drying after manufacture. 7030. Micro Slides, Special, Non-Corrosive, Red Label, size 3 x 1 inches, as above described. Packed in distinctive brown grained cartons containing % gross. Per gross...... 1.30 WOS0°B Ditton Clinical:s “Per @rOSsiisssccsscocesssesseesesetess esse sateuescocn shone ace o ea bok nbuin nie 1.05 10% discount in case containing 25 gross, one catalogue number only 20% discount in lots of 100 Ube a. and 7030-B, assorted 25% ae CS 8e OS FD) WC tn 25 gross case untts 7036-A. Micro Slides, Special, Non-Corrosive, Red Label, size 3 x 1 inches, identical with No. 7030 but with 18 mm surface at one end etched evenly on both sides for marking. This etched surface has a superior velvet matte finish which takes lead pencil, hard wax pencil, India ink, “Labink” or similar preparations, and ordinary writing ink much better than the usual grouna surface. Per QrOSS.........:cccccscscecscssesssessessseseesees 2.20 4036-Boe Ditton Clinicals, Per erosscccccccecssscsteecterster testes eee ee eee tee res 1.95 10% discount in case containing 25 gross | one catalogue 20% oi ‘© lots of 100 gross Vp only ARTHUR H. THOMAS COMPANY RETAIL—WHOLESALE—EXPORT LABORATORY APPARATUS AND REAGENTS WEST WASHINGTON SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 65, PA., U.S. A. Cable Address, BAL ANCE, ‘Philadelphia 20 j THE COLLECTING NET _ [Vou XVI Nowt INFANTS’ & CHILDREN’S SHOP YARNS, CROCHET COTTONS and ACCESSORIES JANE H. RUSSELL 141 MAIN ST. FALMOUTH MRS. 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Tel. 741 Everything for the Sick Room Complete Line of JOHNSON & JOHNSON SURGICAL SUPPLIES SUPPLIES FOR THE NURSERY Our Prescription Department is Well stocked with Squibb’s, Lilly’s, Parke-Davis and Upjohn’s Pharmaceuticals Falmouth Opticians Complete Optical Service Minor Repairs Made While You Wait 23 QUEEN’S BUYWAY FALMOUTH PLAYCLOTHES for the family Swimsuits Shorts Playsuits Skirts Walkover Shoes For Men and Women ISSOKSON’S MAIN STREET, FALMOUTH Jury 20, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET _ z 21 Natural LYSINE I(+) LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE—I.C. Now Available in quantities sufficient to enable extensive research relating to the use of this ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID DESCRIPTION Ha-CHa-CHs-CHa-CH-COOH NH2.HCI NH) (C6H1402N2.HCl) Molecular Weight: 182.65 Rotation: [a] 4° (ia normal HCI) + 20° to + 21° Nitrogen: 15.1%—15.5% (Theory 15.34%) Ash: Less than 0.2% Our scientific staff welcomes discussion of your lysine problems, and will be pleased to cooperate in their solution. Interchemical Corporation Vio 1120 COMMERCE AVENUE - UNION, NEW JERSEY TEL— UNIONVILLE 2-5200 bo iS) THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVII, No. 1 i | | | f | m0 cm cee i2e Nuclear Fission and Atomic Energy Edited by DR. WILLIAM E. STEPHENS Assistant Professor of Physics, University of Penn. Genetically Pure Strains of Mice Guinea Pigs | Wistar Rats Pure Bred Rabbits A penetrating analysis of the general theory of nuclear fission and atomic energy incorporating the latest available information on pile designs and chain reactions, together with a discussion of the potentialities of fission technique. The Book Holds Much Interest for the Biologist Partial list of topics treated: Production, Dynam- ics and Theory of Fission; Fission Products; Heavy Nuclei; Slow and Fast Neutron Chain Reactions, Separation of Isotopes; Chemical Separation Meth- ods; Isolation of Plutonium; Potentialities of Fission Technique and the Bibliography. Among the 29 tables are ones bearing the follow- ing titles: Cross Sections for Thermal Neutrons, Possible Stable Isotope Tracers, Slow Neutron Pro- duced Radioactivities of Long Half-Life, Pile Yields of Some Isotopes and Fission Products of Long Half-Life. Specially Bred for Research Investigation AUTHORS (All on the Faculty of the Univ. of Pennsylvania) Professor Gaylord P. Harwell, Chairman of the Department of Physics; Dr. William E., Stephens, editor, Assistant Professor of Physics; Dr. Park Hays Miller, Jr., Assistant Professor of Chemistry; Dr. Knut Krieger, Assistant Professor of Chemis- try; Dr. Margaret N. Lewis, Instructor in Physics; Dr. Simon Pasternack, Instructor in Physics; Dr. Bernard Goodman, Research Physicist; Dr. Walter E. Myerhoff, Research Physicist; Dr. Bernard Serin, Research Physicist; Dr. Robert H. Vought, Re- search Physicist. 225 pages (approx.), 47 figures, 1 plate, 29 tables $4.00 THE SCIENCE PRESS Lancaster, Penn. Woods Hole, Mass. CC ae em aE 0er eae ‘ Inquiries Invited | ! | CARWORTH FARMS INC. NEW CITY, ROCKLAND CO., N.Y. OS OS OS OS A) ST 1 OT A) ) TD ED SED EDU. 2S D0 0) OO, SPO P IS ; WOOr OCCU CSO OOO CCC OCC CCCOCOTOTTTES THE BiRD This modern, efficient and dependable electrically driven kymograph is the choice of many leading colleges and re- KYMOGRAPH search laboratories. Its four speeds range from 2.2 to 270 cm. per minute. The drive is obtained from a shaded pole induction motor requiring a minimum of attention, which as- sures years of trouble-free operation. No. A70-060. For 110 volt, 60 cycle, alternating current .................0 74.00 | [ i) ll THE MANNING PNEUMOGRAPH A modification of the original Marey model as recom- mended by Dr. J. H. Manning, Professor Emeritus of the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. The corru- gated rubber tubing greatly increases sensitivity over that obtainable with previous pneumographs. With the Manning pneumograph, excellent respiration records have been ob- tained from rabbits. No. A70-930. Each $6.00 PHIPPS AND BIRD, Inc. Manufacturers of Physiological Equipment RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Write for our latest catalog PE! PIO OL IOP LOL LDS POLO OPPO OPO DOO LO OL OD LOO OL OO POOL OOOO ES OO LE ELSE DODD OOD) CODE LIL SLE LILLE DOLD OL DDL LLL LLL LOD L DOLD DLL OL IL LOLOL DLL OLLI DOLL IIOL LIN Jury 20, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET 23 These are the optical elements of a monocular microscope—condenser, objective and eyepiece BALCOTE’ for Microscope Optics Balcote has already more than proved its worth in actual use on binoculars, photographic lenses, and military optics. Now Bausch & Lomb is announc- ing this same surface treatment for microscope optical systems! Eyepieces, binocular bodies, objectives, and condensers will soon be available for your microscopes. Orders will be accepted for delivery as our production facilities will permit. For complete information, please write Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., 642-5 St. Paul Street, Rochester 2, N. Y. *Balcote is the revolutionary anti-reflection coating developed by Bausch & Lor Optical Co. BAUSCH 6 LOMB ESTABLISHED 1853 Spencer Stereoscopic Microscopes provide a complete microscope op- tical system for each eye, thereby creating vivid depth perception. They are noted for large field... brilliant resolution ... great depth of focus. Magnifications range from THE COLLECTING NET_ [ VoL. X Vil TN 0. 1 6x to 144x. For descriptive liter- ature on Spencer Stereoscopic Mi- croscopes write to Dept. G8 American @ Optical COMPANY Scientific Instrument Division Buffalo 15, New York VoLXVUE No. 2 THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL STATION FOR RESEARCH Dr. Douctas Marstanp Associate Professor of Biology, New York University The work of the Bermuda Biological Station came to a standstill during the war when the Am- erican Air Corps took over the entire plant for use as a hospital. But now the research program of SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1946 Annual Subscription, $1.50 Single Copies, 35 Cents. THE EFFECT OF HIGH VELOCITY MISSILES ON TISSUES* Dr. E. Newron Harvey Professor of Physiology, Princeton University It was observed during World War II that steel splinters from bomb bursts, passing through human tissue, often caused terrific damage at a very considerable distance from the path. Exten- the station is reviving under the leadership of the new director, Dr. Dugald E. S. Brown; this report represents the impressions of the first in- vestigator to visit the station in the post-war period. The Bermuda Station prom- ises to become an internation- ally important research center for work in biology and ocean- ography. The islands are fav- ored by many natural advan- DYE asite. M. BH. , FRIDAY, August 9, 8:00 P.M. Lecture: Dr. Eric G. Ball; Biochem- ical Studies on the Malarial Par- TUESDAY, August 13, 8:00 P.M. Seminar: Dr. Katherine A. Brown- ell: Evidence for a New Factor from the Adrenal. Dr. F. A. Hartman: Hyperactivity of the Adrenal Cortex. Dr. D. A. Lazarow: Studies on the Mechanism of Production of Dia- betes with Alloxan. Dorothy Wrinch: On the Na- sive damage is always associat- ed with such high velocity mis- siles. Bones may be broken even though they are not hit, nerves lose irritability with no outward sign of damage and small blood vessels are torn in a large area around the missile track. In order to understand the mechanism of such damage the Committee on Medical Re- search of the Office of Scien- tific Research and Develop- Calendar tages and, in fact, a committee ture of Biological Specificity. of the National Academy of FRIDAY, August 16, 8:00 P.M. | Lect : Dr. M. H. Jacobs: 1] Sciences in 1928 selected Ber- Ries ; acaps: Ce ment requested a study of such effects. This study was car- ried out at Princeton Univer- - 3 Membranes, Cell Permeability muda as an ideal location for and Cell Volume. sity by myself and a large biological and oceanographic work, summarizing their recommendations in the following manner: -' group of workers including Drs. E. G. Butler, J. H. McMillen, W. O. Puckett, H. Grundfest, I. M. Korr, G. Oster, W. D. McEI- roy, . H. Whiteley, W. Kleinberg and additional technical assistants. The study can be called “(1) It’s (the Bermuda volcanic cone) slopes (Continued. on Page 35) | TABLE OF CONTENTS BAGO May BR a oe tee rete c nck tease cesanehecsneeValsseceeera het Seacs : Items of Interest Botany Class Activities | Physiology Class NeWS.........:::csecesecsesereereeeetenO4 | TYVAWS en PNET Oe pees Soc eens oe Ra RO ee 34 | Supplementary M.B.L. Directory..........0ccccccccceees 36 WER OPIS IEC COI Ve ies tereceoco.svacs sonaectecesie ouesesstcasecee B71 The Bermuda Biological Station for Research DreDouglas, Marsland-......sn ee 25 The Effect of High Velocity Missiles on Tis- sues, Dr. E. Newton Harvey.......ccccccccesesesess 25. | The Botany Class Picture......cccccscscsccsscscelescceeeeeeees 26 Egg and Sperm Extracts and Fertilization Dre Allbertany lense ae ee neem 28 Notes From the Invertebrate Class........ on The Effects of Mustard Vesicants on the He- mopoletic Organs, Dr. James E. Kindred....30 ee i rs | “seRaig jouer ‘zj01q BUY ‘qnoyte}SO “A “fF °M “Ad ‘PLOPUD PepV To4stS : MOI JUOI “UOSTIMA ete ‘OeTUSIA “MW ‘AodIoy, euUuy ‘TeployyAng ‘gq “Iq ‘Aeyo}S ewpy “aq “aeynbag Ayjog ‘ejeoy Arey ‘olureg ourysne ‘Aoyey Arey >: MOI o[ppry, ‘dwoy joredieyy, “iq ‘Aj0q ‘S “W “Aq ‘syoorg ‘9 ‘S “aq ‘e[epsvorg yeuURyY : Mor Yorg s : SSVTO ANVLO@ FAL Aveusr 3, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET 27 Wound Ballistics and is designed to give the sur- geon a first hand knowledge of the formation of a wound in order that a logical treatment can be undertaken. Since all the damage from a high velocity miss- ile is over in a few thousandths of a second, the investigation required the application of new bio- physical methods and was in large part made on non-living models which imitated the material ot tissues. The human body is mostly water and the be- havior of a missile in any soft part of the body (excluding bone, cartilage, tendon and skin) is quite analogous to that in water. The law which determines the slowing of a missile in water, its retardation, also holds for soft tissues although the numerical value of the constants may differ. Since water is a clear medium, it is admirably suited to photographic methods and fundamentat laws can be established with great ease and ac- curacy. The newer techniques of high speed movy- ing pictures (2,000 to 8,000 frames a second) and microsecond exposure photographs clearly reveat the various phenomena in water or other trans- parent media such as gelatin gel. The final proof of similarity of behavior in water or gelatin on the one hand, and in soft tissues of the body on the other, comes from microsecond roentgenograms. This remarkable development, perfected just be- fore the war, allows a roentgenogram to be taken with a one-millionth second exposure. | When it is used with a reliable trigger device, a bullet can be radiographed at any point in its path through opaque tissues and the accompanying changes re- corded. The penetration of bone has been studied but our discussion will be limited to the mecha- nism of wounding in watery tissues since bone presents a quite separate problem. When a high velocity steel sphere hits a surface of water, gel or tissue, the momentary pressure at the front is enormous. The liquid is compressect and this region of compression moves out from the point of impact as a shock wave. Since the velocity of the shock wave is that of sound in wa- ter (4,800 feet—l,440 meters—per second), it rapidly progresses ahead of the steel sphere now retarded by the water. Thus the first event in penetration of a bullet is similar to that in an un- derwater explosion in which shock waves likewise form. As the sphere progresses farther and farther it expends its remaining energy in accelerating the medium which is pushed sideways as well as for- ward thereby leaving a conical cavity in its wake. At a certain point in the path the conical cavity separates from the sphere, constricts and changes shape, repeating the expansion and contraction several times. The cavity finally resolves itselt into a mass of small air bubbles which rise to the surface of the water. This behavior is exactly comparable to that which occurs in tissue. If a shot is fired through the thigh of a deeply anesthetized cat or dog, high speed moving pictures reveal the large temporary swelling under the skin with the subsequent series of pulsations and the return to normal size in a few hundredths of a second. Superficially, not much damage appears to have occurred but anatomic examination shows a per- manent cavity filled with blood and tissue debris in the path of the missile and a surrounding region in which small vessels have broken and blood has extravasated into tissue spaces. The two areas are readily seen as a cavity and a dark region In cross sections normal to the path of the missile. Histologic examination reveals damage to muscle in a region near the permanent cavity but farther out, breaking of capillaries only and no visible damage to muscle fibers which remain intact. * A bone may be fractured at some distance from the path of the missile. High speed photography of a leg reveals only the external changes and what goes on inside must be inferred from analogous shots into water or gel- atin. That these inferences are correct and that the changes in a leg or the abdomen are exactly similar to those in water can be established by a series of the microsecond roentenograms referred to previously. Such microsecond roentenograms show clearly the large temporary cavity and reveal the break- ng of bone by the pressure of tissue moving out- ward in all directions as the cavity expands. They also show the stretching of blood vessels and of nerves, likewise by the radial movement of tissue at the surface of the temporary cavity. The over- stretching of the nerve fibers injures them ai- though the nerve trunk as a whole is elastic enough to prevent a break. No external evidence of dam- age can be found in such a paralyzed nerve. Although high pressures accompany the shock wave previously mentioned and pressure changes result from pulsation of the temporary cavity be- hind the missile, such changes do not appear to injure tissue unless gas is present. In regions of a gas pocket (in intestin or lung) pressure changes cause contraction or expansion of the gas and such movement then injures tissue. The gas pocket behaves like a secondary cavity and the stretch of tissue around it is highly de- structive. . Similar changes occur in underwater explosions and the destructive effect of an explo- sion on fish is probably connected with the pres- ence of a gas-filled swim bladder in these forms. The quantitative study of wound ballistics al- lows us to predict exactly how much tissue 28 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 2 damage will result from a given mass moving with a known velocity and explains in a logical man- ner the various observations on wounds made in the field. *The work described in this paper was done under contract, recommended by the Committee on Medical Research, between the Office of Scientific Research and Development and Princeton University. EGG AND SPERM EXTRACTS AND FERTILIZATION! Dr. ALBERT TYLER Associate Professor of Embryology California Institute of Technology, Pasadena From eggs and sperm of marine animals there have been obtained four specific interacting sub- stances which have been termed fertilizin (from eggs), antifertilizin (from sperm), egg-membrane- lysin (from sperm) and antifertilizin (from eggs). Fertilizin, which agglutinates species sperm, was first adequately described by F. R. Lilhe (1913) who, together with E. E. Just, in an extensive series of investigations provided strong evidence that it was concerned in the fertilization process. Fertilizin has been purified and its properties and distribution in the animal kingdom further exam- ined. In sea-urchins it is found to be a highly acid- ic protein of low nitrogen content and with some polysaccharide evidently present. In some spec- ies of animals it has been shown to occur in a non- agglutinating form. In one such case it has been possible by special treatment to enable it to agglu- tinate sperm. Antifertilizin has been extracted from sperm and purified. It is a protein of rela- tively low molecular weight, isoelectric at pH 3. Lillie applied serological concept and terminology to the interaction of these substances and this point of view receives further support in the more recent work. Sperm extracts and body-fluids of invertebrates also exhibit heteroagglutinating ac- tion of broad specificity which is evidently distinct from the isoagglutination reactions. The egg- membrane-lysin is a protein of greater heat labili- ty than the others and is analogous in its action to lytic agents found in sperm of amphibia and of mammals. In sea-urchins too, an agent of ly- tic surface action has recently been described. The antifertilizin from eggs, originally postulated by Lillie, has been extracted from eggs and exhibits an agglutinating action on intact eggs similar to that shown by antifertilizin from sperm. The finding of this substance furnishes a basis for an auto-antibody theory of cell structure and growth. It is the role of these substances in the fertil- ization process with which we are primarily con- cerned. Fertilizin, which in the sea-urchin forms the gelatinous coat of the egg, has been found to serve as an aid to fertilization. However, when it is present in excess in the solution it blocks fer- tilization; presumably because the reaction with sperm occurs apart from the surface of the egg. Whether or not fertilizin is entirely essential for fertilization can not as yet be stated inasmuch as it is quite possible that some fertilizin remains on the surface of the egg after the treatments em- ployed for its extraction. For antifertilizin, evi- dence of its importance in the ferilization reac- tion has been obtained by partially extracting it from sperm at pH 5 to 5.5, whereupon the fertil- izing power of the spermatozoa is greatly reduced with little effect on their rate of oxygen consump- tion or motility. For the egg-membrane-lysin, the manifest action on membrane barriers implies that it is instrumental in enabling the spermatozoa to enter the egg, but no direct tests of this have as yet been made. In rabbits, the analgous hyalur- onidase has been found to be effective in replac- ing to a great extent the surplus of sperm required for successful fertilization upon artificial insemin- ation. The antifertilizin from eggs was supposed, according to Lillie’s theory, to interact with fer- tilizin upon contact of egg and sperm and to be thereupon involved in the activation of the egg and the establishment of the block to polyspermy. While Lillie’s famous fertilizin theory continues to receive support in the more recent work, thfs latter point still needs to be experimentally demon- strated. In order to obtain further information on thé role of these substances in fertilization, antisera were prepared against them by the immunization of rabbits. Fertilizin and the two anti-fertilizins were found to be active antigens, capable of elicit- ing the formation of antibodies that give good pre- cipitin reactions with the solutions of these anti- gens. The antibodies against antifertilizin also agglutinate the species sperm. This holds whetn- er the antifertilizin from sperm or that from eggs is employed as the immunizing antigen. Although the antibodies against the antifertilizin from eggs agglutinate sperm they do not agglutinate the in- tact eggs. This apparent paradox is understand-— able since the antigen in this case is located below the surface coat. Tests were made of the action of the antisera produced against the antifertiliz- in of sperm on the fertilizing power of the sperm. * Based on seminar reports given at the Marine Biologi- cal Laboratory on July 8 and 9. Avcust 3, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET : 29) Since the ordinary antisera agglutinate sperm it is evident that any interference with fertilization could be attributable to the mechanical tying up of the sperm and would supply no information con- cerning possible specific action. It has been found, however, that antibodies can be readily converted by photo-oxidation into a non-agglutinating form, termed “univalent,” which still combines specific- ally wih the antigen. This treatment was, there- fore, applied to the antisera against antifertiliz:n and the non-agglutinating antibodies thereby on- tained were tested for possible action on the fert:- lizing power of the sperm. Using the sea-urchin Lytechinus pictus and the gephyrean worm Ure- chis caupo, it was found that such treatment re- sulted in considerable reduction of the fertilizing power of the sperm. In different tests the reduc- tion ranged from 32-fold to greater than 128-fold on the basis of the minimum amounts of sperm re- quired to effect fertilization after treatment with the homologous antiserum as compared with the amounts required after treatment with similarly photo-oxidized heterologous antisera or normal sera. The spermatozoa showed no visible effect of treatment with the antisera and they were also found to be quite as active as the controls. Since antibodies prepared against a constituent of the sperm are effective in interfering with its fertilizing power it would appear that this consti- tuent, namely antifertilizin, normally participates actively in the fertilization process. However, the results do not necessarily mean that those specific groups or structures of the antifertilizin molecule, by which it combines with fertilizin as an initial step in fertilization, are the same as those that serve as the active antigenic determinants in prv- ducing antibodies in the rabbit. Conceivably the antibodes may be directed against other specific groups and their presence on the egg surface blocks, in steric manner, the action of those in- volved in the reaction with fertilizin. Information concerning this may be obtained from tests that are planned with cross-fertilizing species. Electron microscope examination was made of the sperm treated with the “univalent” antibodies and no evident difference from control sperm was noted. Such examination was also made of sperm from which antifertilizin had been extracted by di- lute acid sea water. The sperm extracted at pH 3.5 were found to be spherical and swollen in the region of the head between acrosome and midpiece. The swelling increased down to pH 2.8 but acro- some and midpiece were still unaffected. It ap- pears then that antifertilizin is not derived from acrosome and midpiece but rather from the inter- vening part of the head . For complete references to earlier work see: F. R. Lillie, ‘Problems of Fertilization’’, Univ. of Chieago Press (1919): F. R. Lillie and E. E. Just, Fertiliza- tion, Sect. 8 of ‘‘General Cytology’’ by E. V. Cow- dry (1924): E. E. Just, Protoplasma, 10, 300-342 (1930). For some references to later work see: M. Hartman, O. Schartau and K. Wallenfels, Biol. Zentralb., 60, 398- 423 (1940). J. Runnstrém, A. Tiselius and E. Vass- eur, Ark. f. Kemi, 15A N;o0 16, 1-18 (1942). J. Runnstrom, A. Tiselius and 8. Lindvall, Ark. f. Zool. 36A N:0 22, 1-25 (1945). A. Tyler, West. Jour. Surg. Obst. and Gynec., 50, 126-1388 (1942). A. Tyler, Proct. Nat. Acad. Sct., 28, 391-395 (1942). A. Tyler Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. In press (1946). NOTES FROM THE INVERTEBRATE CLASS Most of the would-be invertebrate zoologists had their first formal introduction to Woods Hole, Monday evening, July 22. Dr. Brown told us briefly about the Marine Biological Laboratory, and pointed out the “dangers” of Woods Hole. We were warned against poison ivy, sunburn, and amateur sailing. To help us in any attempted navigation we each were given a chart of the tides and several maps of the Woods Hole area. Dr. Redfield reinforced all the advice about local sau- ing with an interesting lecture about the oceans. It seemed pretty early when we got up for our first day of waiting tables or eating at the Mess. After breakfast we started right in with a lecture on protozoa by Dr. Burbanck (“I am the last of a fine family and I’m very sensitive about that c!") The rest of the time we bravely hunted protozoa in samples of water from all the local ponds and in- lets. The motile protozoa seemed to be especial- ly annoying. You can never keep them in focus or still enough to draw and when you tried stain- ing them you could never find them again. After battling with these microscopic organisms all morning, one of the more considerate tables had the bright idea of putting a “cuss-card”’ on the table. Now if any one is angry he can read it m- stead of bothering the people around him, or if he is especially peeved he can add his own favorite comment.» It works marvelously. We really got to know some of the professors on our first field trip. One of the graduate stu- dents misunderstood Dr. Lockhead’s name and blithely introduced him to the rest of the team as Dr. Blockhead. It was a cloudy day, but Joe managed to develop an excellent, if rather tempo- rary, sunburn. In spite of the rocks and barna- cles we all enjoyed our excursion to Stoney Beach. (Continued on Page 34) 30 THE COLLECTING NET THE EFFECTS OF MUSTARD VESICANTS ON THE HEMOPOIETIC ORGANS! ; Dr. JAMeEs E, KrnpRED Professor of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Virginia The objective of this investigation was to make a quantitative histologic assay of the changes which occur in the thymus, cervical lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow of young adult albino rats intravenously injected with lethal doses of sulphur and nitrogen mustard vesicants. The control rats were injected with saline. All of the rats were starved, and killed at intervals of one day for a period of four days. All rats injected with the agents showed signi- ficant lymphopenia which was correlated with de- struction of lymphocytes, particularly of the medi- um-sized variety, in the cortex of the thymus, lym- phoid nodules of the cervical lymph nodes and spleen. Mitosis in these cells was inhibited for two days. The injured cells were ingested and digested by macrophages of reticulum cell origin. In addition to loss of cells by action of the agents the lymphoid organs lost lympocytes by migration. The latter activity is believed to be an attempt to maintain the lymphocyte content of the blood in the absence of normal production of lymphocytes in the injured organs, Regeneration of the lymphoid organs began on the third day after injection and was char acterized by increase in the number of medium-sized lym- phocytes and by increase in mitotic activity of these cells. The neutrophils of the blood were significantly reduced in number only in rats injected with methyl bis (beta dichloroethy!) amine and with tris (beta Aho een amine. In all groups, however, there was significant hypoplasia and hy- peremia of the bone marrow. This hypoplasia was cliaracterized by initial decrease in the number of myelocytes, of myelocytes in mitosis, of erythro- blasts and normoblasts and of mitotic activity 1m these cells. Mature granulocytes decreased in number on the second day and were not replaced during the four day experimental period although the bone marrow during the third and fourth days of the period showed regeneration of myelocytes and re- storation of mitotic activity to normal levels. There appeared to be no consistent correlaton between hypoplastic changes in the bone marrow | and the number of circulating granulocytes, such as was observed between lymphopoietic centers and the lymphocytes of the blood. AN ANALYSIS OF THE INDUCTION OF THE EAR VESICLE IN THE SALAMANDER EMBRYO Dr. C. L. YNTEMA Assistant Professor of The induction of the ear vesicle from foreign ectoderm was studied in the embryo of Aimblysto- ma punctatum. In most of the experiments, gill ectoderm from a donor was placed in the ear re- gion of a host in a dorsodorsal anteroposterior ori- entation. The resulting labyrinths varied in normality. In certain aonb, perfectly normal lal byrinths arose from the grafted ectoderm. In others, the vesicles were abnormal to varying extents; the smaller ones may have a sensory area and a car- tilaginous capsule or these may be absent. In some instances, no vesicles formed. A need for correlating conditions in a large number of experiments became apparent. The need was met by grading the labyrinths according to the presence of structures and their normality. A normal labyrinth is represented by 100% ; the absence of a vesicle by 0% ; intervening percent- ages indicate more or less abnormal labyrinths. Combinations of donor and host at the same stage were used for one series of experiments. It was seen that prospective gill ectoderm of the late gastrula is able to form normal labyrinths. With advance in stage, the ability falls off to nearly 0% by Stage 28 of Harrison’s normal series. The question as to what part is played by the Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College donor and what by the host in these inductions goes unanswered by such a series of experiments in which both hosts and donors are at the same stages of development. This was realized some years ago and a study of inductions was undertak- en in which the hosts and donors were not neces- sarily at the same stage at the time of operation. The youngest donors were middle gastrulae (Stage 10), the youngest hosts late gastrulae (Stage 12). The oldest donors were in an early tail bud stage (Stage 28), the oldest hosts in a freely swimming stage (Stage 35). Approximate- ly, 1,000 experiments belonging to 100 classes of stage combinations were studied. In summary, the following implications were drawn from the results. The induction of the ear goes through two periods of maximal activity. They occur near the beginning and near the end of neurulation. The first period is considered to be associated with mesodermal induction ; the sec- ond with neutral induction. An activation and a response characterize each period of induction. Mesodermal activation appears to be greatest at Stage 14, neural activation at Stage 20. The two per iods of maximal response, Stages 13 and 18 *This work was done under contract with the Med- ical Division of the Chemical Warfare Service. i > [Vor. XVIII, No.2 = Aueust 3, 1946] ‘THE COLLECTING NET 31 respectively, occur shortly before their respective periods of maximal activations. There is evidence that the inductions are qualitatively different both as to activation and response. Mesodermal acti- vation is transitory, but neural activation lasts at a low intensity at least through Stage 35. Ability on the part of the gill ectoderm to respond to both activations persists through Stage 28. The gill OFFICIAL NOTICES CONCERNING ELECTION OF TRUSTEES The following notices were posted on the offi- cial Bulletin board of the Marine Biological Lab- oratory on the dates indicated. At the annual meeting of the Corporation, io be held on Tuesday, August 13, eight Trustees of the class of 1950 are to be elected; and one Trustee in place of W. C. Curtis, who retires. Of the outgoing class of 1946, six Trustees only are eligible for re-election, namely: D. E. S. Brown, E. R. Clark, M. H. Jacobs, A. K. Par- part, Franz Schrader, B. H. Willier. The remaining members of this class, O. C. Gla- ser and FE. N. Harvey, being Trustees ex-officio, are not eligible for re-election as regular Trust- ees, For Treasurer, D. M. Brodie; For Clerk, O. C. Glaser. Eight Trustees of the Class of 1950s D. E. S. Brown, F. A. Brown, C. L. Claff, E. R. Clark, Hope Hibbard, M. H. Jacobs, A. K. Par- part, B. H. Willer. One Trustee to replace W. C. Curtis, retired: D. A. Marsland. Your attention is called to the fact that the by-laws of the Corporation state that the Vice- President and Clerk of the Corporation among others shall be trustees ex-officio. Therefore, on instructions from the executive committee, E. N. Harvey and O. C. Glaser have not been considered as candidates for re-election to trusteeship in the class of 1950. Since this ruling was not made known to members of the Corporation at the time suggestions for candidates were called for, and also because the committee wishes to break with the tradition of a fixed slate, it feels that additional nominations are in order. On the basis of sugges- tions made by members of the Corporation we also nominate the following individuals as candi- dates for any of the nine vacancies to be filled: Ethel B. Harvey, B. Lucke, F. Schrader, H. B. Steinbach. Nominating Committee: WW. R. AMBERSON, 1B, Gs vai, IS, S> Cows, (C, (C. Sissi, D. R. Stewart. ectoderm develops competence to respond to neu- ral activation during Stages 16 and 17. Implications of the results can be illustrated by a three dimensional graph in which stages of hosts and donors determine the two axes in the horizon- tal plane and normality of responses the vertical coordinates. THE M.B.L. SQUARE DANCES The square dances, held on Thursday nights in the M.B.L. club house, have been attended by large crowds of energetic and happy-faced people. Everybody has performed beautifully in schot- tisches, polkas, squares, waltzes and Virginia reels. People who say they had never square-danced be- fore now “‘allemand left’? with a distinctly profes- sional look. In order to accomodate all enthusi- asts, it has been necessary to have some dancing out on the lawn. The “management” wishes to thank the Thursday evening participants for the enthusiasm and support which has made the square dances so much fun for all of us and which has reduced the work of organization considerably. TENNIS CLUB NOTES The Tournament Committee, Dr. S. P. Hayes and Mrs. W. D. Burbanck, have announced the opening of the women’s singles and doubles, the mixed doubles and the men’s singles and doubles. The first round is to be played off by August 9th. Those interested should sign up immediately on the sheets provided for the purpose at the Mess and Beach courts. Mrs. Eric G. Ball and Dr. P. B. Armstrong have been named as the Nominating Committee for the officers of the club for next year. The second Beach court has just been opened. This makes 3 good courts now available for play. The annual meeting of the club will be held in the Committee Room, August 7th at 7:30 P.M. NOTICE TO LOCAL PHOTOGRAPHERS The M.B.L. is interested in obtaining various photographs of M.B.L. buildings, both from withm and without; M.B.L. personnel comprising the staff, investigators, supply department, students, visitors, etc.; all activities—investigatorial, social, athletic and miscellaneous; M.L.B. equipment ot all kinds; various views of Woods Hole; Woods Hole points of interest and the Woods Holeians at work and at play. All pictures accepted, whether in color or black and white, will be bought by the Laboratory and, in addition, a copy of the original print or trans- parency will be furnished the photographer. For further details and information, consult Dr. Zinn in 122B. a THE COLLECTING NET [ VoL. XVIII, No. 2 : ture on the metabolism of insects while working — The Collecting Net A fortnightly publication devoted to the scientific work at marine biological laboratories Edited by Ware Cattell with the assistance of Ruth Scott and Jane Carruthers. THE SCIENCE PRESS Lancaster, Pa. Woods Hole, Mass. Introducing Dr. Tage U. H. Ellinger, Sc. D., M.A., Head of the Department of Zoology at Howard University in Washington, D. C. While his father, a physicist, at eighty-nine re- mains active at the University of Copenhagen, Dr. Ellinger carries on the family tradition for energy by working on three projects here at Woods Hole. He is making a complete museum collection of the local fauna, setting up genetics experiments on the hymenopterous egg parasite, Trichogamma, and is also finishing a book on the earliest known text- book on embryology written by an unknown Greek at the time of Socrates. With a war record that many a younger man could envy, Dr. Ellinger served as head of a French field hospital in Finland during the Rus- so-Finnish war, in Norway as commanding officer of a heavy machine gun unit, and in England as an officer with the Scots Guard. Dr. Ellinger and three of his lieutenants were the only ones of a force of eight hundred to escape at the evacua- tion of Andelsuess. When the danger was over in England, he re- turned to this country to work in Henry Wal- lace’s Board of Economic Warfare and taught genetics at the Department of Agriculture Grad- uate School. Stimulated by his war experiences, he ventured a year ago to take a master’s degree in international law and international relations. Last September, he was appointed head of the department of zoology at Howard University, suc- ceeding Dr. Just. Dr. Ellinger brings two of his Negro students with him this Summer and is mak- ing his collection of marine animals to acquaint the student in zoology at Howard with marine bi- ology before they come to Woods Hole. At the University of Copenhagen under Boas, he majored in zoology specializing in protozoology. Later work with Nilsson-Ehle and Johannsen aroused his interest in genetics. | However, he wrote his first paper on the influence of tempera- with the Nobel prize winner, August Krogh. A fellowship in the American Scandinavian Founda- tion brought him to this country for the first time in 1920 (he has been an American cit- izen since 1926) to study with Pearl and Jennings _ at Johns Hopkins and with Castle, East and Wheeler at Harvard University where he received his Se. D. Dr. Ellinger considers his most distinguished contribution to science his six years’ work as di- rector of research with the International Cor Borer Investigations. Financed by private indus- trial concerns in Chicago, the investigations had headquarters in the Pasteur Institute in Paris with branch laboratories in ten European countries as far east as the Caspian Sea; including France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Roumania, Soviet Union and Italy. The results of this work fill four volumes of scien- tific reports. Being a Scandinavian, Dr. Ellinger loves to ski and claims that he is an excellent swimmer. Un- related to his interest in athletics, is his great love and admiration for the ancient Greeks. Although admitting it to be a slight exaggeration, he states that ‘‘a modern text-book in zoology could be writ- ten as foot-notes to Aristotle.” NOMINATIONS FOR TRUSTEES The Nominating Committee of the Corporation of the Marine Biological Laboratory is to be con- gratulated for the number and quality of the candi- dates it has presented for trusteeship. It has broken with precedent, proposing four more mem- bers than are needed to fill the vacancies. So far as we are aware, it is the first time in the history of the Laboratory that Corporation members have been allowed a selection. There had been mounting indignation on the part of many corporation members because, to all practical purposes, members were appointed rath- er than elected to trusteeship. During the past week a group of Corporation members had selected three persons whom they had planned to nomin- ate from the floor on August 13. It is interest- ing to note that two out of the three they chose appear on the nominating committee list. The members of the self-appointed “floor” nominating committee are so well pleased with the report of the official nominators that they will present no names for consideration. All groups are well sat- isfied. c+ Aucust 3, 1946} DEV COLEECRINGINED Soe ay on 33 ITEMS OF INTEREST SPECIAL LECTURES IN OCEANOGRAPHY These lectures were sponsored by ihe Inverte- brate Course in Zoology: ““The Sea as an Envir- onment’”’, Dr. A. C. Redfield; “Ocean Currents”’, C. O'D. Iselin; “The Tide”, Dr. A. C. Redfield; “Geographical Distribution of Marine Animals”, Dr. L. Hutchins; “Nutrition in the Sea’, Dr. B. H. Ketcham and “Food Resources of the Sea”, Dr. G. L. Clarke. The last of these will be pre- sented on August 8. The annual meeting of the corporation of the Marine Biological Laboratory will be held on August 13, at 11:30 A.M. The annual meeting of the trustees will be held on the same day in the morning and the afternoon. Dr. FRANK R. KILLE, professor of zoology at Carleton College, has been appointed Dean of the institution for 1947. Dr. Kille was a recipient of one of The Collecting Net Scholarships as a result of his outstanding work in the invertebrate course at the M. B. L. in 1931. Dr. Ropertr Boccs, assistant professor of anat- omy at the New York College of Medicine, has been appointed an assistant dean of the Medical College. Dr. Bosui SEN, director of the Vivekananda Laboratory at Almora, U. P. India, will sail from Bombay for San Francisco, August 12, on the General Gordon. Their reservations on an earlier boat cancelled by the U.S. Government, Dr. and Mrs. Sen will arrive in this country too late to come to Woods Hole this summer. Dr. Sen is travelling on a fellowship from the Watamull Foundation. LETTER FROM DR. MEYERHOFF A letter dated July 29 arrived from Dr. Meyer- hoff of AAAS expressing appreciation of his visit to the MBL last week. Regarding the National Science Foundation legislation, he says: “Thus far I have heard nothing further regard- ing science legislation, but I seriously doubt that there shall be any developments to report. Con- gress expects to adjourn this week, and about the only thing on Congressional minds is to get the business over and to get away. Thereafter I hope we shall have some uninterrupted time to lay the foundation for the passage of National Science Foundation legislation either late in the fall or early next year. Meanwhile, we must all keep working on the scientists, as well as upon con- gressmen who are reasonably sure to return. Both groups are equally important, as I hope I con- vinced my listeners last Thursday evening.” WHAT BIOLOGISTS HERE TALK ABOUT The rivalry between MBL and WHOL .. . the approaching MBL Corporation meeting . . . the depleted Executive Committee (only one Trustec who is not e.-officio attending this summer's meet- ings .. . the amusing situation that has permitted two e.-officio trustees of the class of 1946 to serve on the Board for two years .. . the fact that mem- bers of the corporation were not told they were ineligible to serve when the nomination blanks were sent out in July . . the fact that notice of this “discovery” was not bulletined until the day after members were required to submit their sugges- tions . . . the fact that, although elected for a four- year term, a member once a trustee, has always been a voting trustee for life, or until seventy. The increasing number of visiting foreign biol- ogists . . . the need for funds . . . the good but meager fare at the Mess . . . the time it takes to get it... the shortage of living quarters .. . the new white picket fence enclosing the grassy plot between the dormitory and the Kahler House. The reception, hostessed by Mrs. Ball, for the MBL Associates and Trustees after Dr. Cole’s lecture . . . the forthcoming mixers for students ... the Sunday evening musicales at the Club... the increasing number who attend the square dances sponsored by the MBL and WHOI. The large boulders brought to the Bay Shore Bathing Beach last Saturday by one of the Trust- ees... the wall, extending too far into the water, along the edge of the M.B.L. beach lot—it aggravates adults, it delights small children who are tempted to the “private” side: the wall serves as a diving board, as a fort, as hiding quarters. The proposed Institute of Biology . . . Heil- brun’s criticism of the past chairman of the divi- sion heads of the National Research Council . . - Science legislation activated by Chambers, Grundfest, and Willard . . . the barring of mem- bers’ sons and daughters under 18 years of age from the M.B.L. Club after 7:00 p.m. (why not make it under 167). The new coat of paint on Community Hall, the ‘teen age’s club in its basement and the campaign for funds spearheaded by Mrs. Alfred C. Red- field... The “atomic” bomb explosions off None- massett The congested condition of Main Street now that cars can park on both sides of the street . . . The dozen yellow summons cards for too-extensive parking stuck on as many cars parked by the Brick Building one morning last week . . . the one-way street around the block containing the Post Office... the 15¢ ice cream cones ... the high cost of living . . . the weather. —Catalyst 34 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 2 NOTES FROM THE INVERTEBRATE COURSE (Continued from Page 29) The second field trip was even more fun. By then we recognized at least a few of the most coin- mon forms and we were used to carrying buckets, shovel and Arks every place. No one had to chase any float-away buckets this time. Before Saturday we had covered two of the three sub-kingdoms. No wonder we were lament- ing the shortness of our eighteen-hour working day. And then there was the mixer. In between big biologists we ate. We saw the author of our text- book and ate a cheese sandwich, found out who the guy was who had the wonderful Vorticella, grabbed a piece of cake and navigated towards the punch bowl, just in time to have Dr. Somebody pointed out. Everyone looked peculiar with ties and coats, or skirts as the case may be. The “grown-ups” went home to make room for danc- ing. Protozoas faded into the dim dark corners of our minds and we relaxed. Twelve p. m. found some of us hearing the Cap’n Kidd’s final bell. while others threw their paper cups out of the Club House bay windows, and so to bed—pleas- antly full (with due apologies to the Mess), be- ginning to feel more a part of the M.B.L. Although we've only been here a week we al- ready love Woods Hole and most of us hope to spend many more Summers here. —The Inverts BOTANY CLASS ACTIVITIES July 16—Our initiation to the Nereis .. . all hands on deck including Mrs. Taylor and Jimmy at 9:00 a. m.... an all day trip to the island ponds _.. first stop at Pasque with a ten foot jump... but with “If the older ones do not wish to jump, come back’’ a mad scramble to hop down! Then into the rowboat over the channel to a bed of Charis ... more luck . . . back to the Nereis for lunch ... on to Tarpaulin Cove ... up and down hills . . . in and out of ponds all rich with spoils _. a glimpse of sheep shearing . . . home. July 20—We start the Browns with Dr. Doty setting a new pace! At 2 o'clock we are all crowded again in the good old M. B. L. truck to Nobska .. . our first search for marines! And greens don't count! New troubles . . . sand, rocks and waves .. . and mounting far into the nigs.t but refreshing tea and crackers as always. July 24—Waves of yesterday under control again . our rowboat trip is on . greens count now .. . collecting is fun . . . one false step _ down 12 feet . . . the Spindle and U. S. Fish Commission Pier teach us that pastures are green at home with Ulva, Enteromorpha and Cladopho- ra! Let’s not forget Bangia!.. more mounting but a real treat in the evening .. . Ed Moul gave a vivid description of the marine flora and those of the salt marshes of the Cape with reasons . . . now we know what goes into the vasculum! The tea following was super with all our Botany friends with us... July 26—A Northeaster . . July 27—Sunny and calm . kese .. . full of interest .. . hundreds of birds greet us. Ed introduces us to the island... a climb to the monument , . . rescue of the gulls and the tern... and the three men! . . . the birds have reclaimed this place . . . eggs everywhere .. . and oh, that water! Slippery rocks .. . but Corailina lends a footing . . . more specimens . . . back to lunch on the beach .. . more searching . . . a split into teams .. . ours for the Mytilus gathering ... with great anticipation of the evening ahead .. . another party . . . mounting again . . . then our friends back again for the feast ! July 29—Still on the Browns... sections 10 microns thick??? July 30—Again the Nereis carries us off to dredging and Gayhead . . . The waves toss us about . . . yes, the water tastes briny . . . but we have fun ‘til dredging . . . but Alma, here comes land . . . lunch on the beach and off again to fight the sand and waves... What! No L. digitata??? But other treasures carefully guarded and goose neck mussles . . . a short mounting session . . . and now for a good night’s sleep! —M.K. . trip postponed. .. and off to Peni- with cross PHYSIOLOGY CLASS NEWS The psysiology course is over, and we students reluctantly pull our fingers out of the pie of meas- urable truth, or from the cookery classes on how to make truth measurable. Some leave Woods Hole, some stay, to work on their own. All carry the knowledge that Woods Hole is the happy hunt- ing ground for biologists, and shall try to return. The last two weeks of the course have been saved enjoying demi-tasse sips of the science 01 crystallography, under Dorothy Wrinch, or of m- crotechnique, particularly cartesian diver respiro- metry, under Claff and Anfinsen, or doing prob- lems under members of the staff, each of whom guided a few of us. My own rare pleasure was to study crystals under Dr. Wrinch, to pile tapioca spheres the closest, to handle diamond molecules, and others, bodily brought out of their Angstrom world into my own crass units of toe to heel, and to glimmer how Angstrom regularities can pro- duce regularities in muscle, tissue. . . 5 The class picnic came off the other day, to Washburn Island: Dave Joftes, chairman and beer taster, Dr. Abajian, cook. Grand time, grand feed—steak on an open fire. . . As students we thank the staff and other lec- turers for this hand along. We've had a **** good time. As investigators we shall see that truth goes marching on. —C.C. ce * at Me | Aucust 3, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET _ 35 THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL STATION FOR RESEARCH (Continued from Page 1) rise so steeply from the sea floor that depths great- er than 2,000 fathoms are reached within a few miles of sheltered waters. This would make it possible to carry on serious investigations at great depths with small and inexpensive vessels, and the fact that such work could be done in one-day trips would allow an advantageous unity between field and laboratory work. “(2) The Bermuda cone occupies so small an area that the fundamentaily oceanic character of the neighboring waters is not disturbed thereby. “(3) There are two entirely submerged cones close to Bermuda, the ‘Argus’ and ‘Challenger’ banks. “(4) In spite of the precipitous nature of their slopes, the Bermuda reefs enclose a considerable and entirely protected area of shoal water, sup- porting a rich and varied fauna, and illustrating many phenomena of lime deposition, erosion, etc. “(5) The climate is mild, with no extremes, favoring work the year around, while living con- ditions are excellent with all the amenities of mod- ern civilization.” The present main building of the Bermuda Sta- tion, a spacious lime-stone structure, was built originally as a sanitarium-hotel. It faces out across Ferry Reach and the new American Ait Field toward the unbelievably blue waters of Cas- tle Harbor. The laboratory rooms and living quarte-s can accomodate about 35 workers and their iamilies while the grounds (14 acres) pro- vide a lovely setting for the buildings. In addition to the laborarory, the buildings include a hbrary and shop, a pump house, the coach-house (which is being converted into a dining hall and small apartments ), a combination bath-house and recre- ation center and five cottages. The original Bermuda Biological Station was started in 1903 under the joint auspices of Har- vard and New York Universities with Drs. E. D. Mark and C. L. Bristol serving, respectively, as director and associate director. The present or- ganization, however, was conceived in 1925, at a meeting held here at Woods Hole under the lead- ership of Dr. E. G. Conklin. In fact, as to con- stitution and general organization, the Bermuda Station follows the pattern of the Marine Biologte- al Laboratory ; the staff of the M. B. L. gave con- siderable help in planning the facilities and mak- ing equipment when the present building and grounds were acquired in 1931. International cooperation always has been a keynote in the development of the Bermuda Sta- tion. The Bermuda Government has aided gen- erously with an annual grant of 200 pounds. An initial gift of $243,265 from the Rockefeller Foun- dation made it possible to acquire the buildings acd grounds and to equip them as a research cen- ter. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has helped consistently by sending many wo-kers to the laboratory. One of its contributions is that of the services of Norman T. Allen who serves in the capacity of business manager for the Bermuda Station. Before the war, the Royal Society gave the services of a 40-foot oceanographic vessel the Culver and contributed more than $10,000 to sup- port its work; during the war, the U. S. army paid a considerable sum for the use of the proper- ty. Moreover, quite a number of universities im England, Canada and the United States have con- sistently supported the program of the Bermuda siological Station through the annual rental ot research rooms. Z The Bermuda Station is now preparing for a new and extensive program of physiological, ecu- logical and oceanographic research. During the war, while the plant was used as a hosp.tal, most of the furniture and some of the scientific equip- ment had to be disposed of, but in recent months Dr. Hillary B. Moore, the ad interim director of the station, has done much toward restoring the facilities. In fact Dr. Moore, in resuming his du- ties as the resident naturalist and in taking up Ins ecological and physiological researches, can be proud of the fact that the new director will find the station so well prepared for the post-war pro-~ gram. It seems inevitable that the central theme of tne new program will involve an intensive study of th- deep-sea environment, with special emphasis on the pressure and temperature factors in relation to the physiology, embryology and ecology ot deep-sea and. surface-dwelling forms. Dr. Brown’s well-known work on the physiology of high pres- sure provides an excellent foundation for such a program; the Bermuda location will give it an a - most unlimited scope. Moreover, the continued cooperation of the Woods Hole Oceanographic In- stitution, which soon will send the A#la:tis to Ber- muda to establish a “Wave Station”, assures the solution of many difficult problems which are bound to beset any investigation of the deep-sea environment, Although high pressure studies are likely to become the specialty of the station, the abundance of life in the Bermuda waters will provide favor- able material for many other lines of work. The coral reefs are larded with Coelenterates, Echino- derms, Ascidians, Algae, etc. If one puts on a diving helmet and walks along the sandy bottom toward the sides of a reef the perfect clearness of the water reveals a beautiful array of form and color. In addition, there are many shallow bays and inlets near the laboratory where tidal organ- isms may be collected in abundance. And finally the Bermuda islands are a quaint and different land of friendly people; one returns from Bermu- da refreshed with the sense of coming back from a beautiful and distant place. 36 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 2 Supplementary M. B. L. Directory ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATORS Bartlett, J. H. prof. theoretical physics. Illinois. Br 228. Blumenthal, Gertrude. Pennsylvania. Br 219. Bocher, Carol A. res. asst. Johns Hopkins. Lib. Burt, Agnes S. res. asst. Chicago. Br 304. Clowes, G. H. A. res. dir. emerit. Lilly Reasearch Lab. Cooper, K. W. assoc. prof. biol. Princeton. Br 127. Curtis, W. C. prof. zool. Missouri. Br 213 D212. Dey, T. E. res. asst . biol. Princeton. OM 2. Frost, Jane C. visit. lec. zool. Oberlin. Br 218. Gates, R. R. prof. emerit. bot. London. Br 210. Gonzalez, J. asst. prof. phys. Natl. Polytech. Inst. (Mexico City). Br 111. Greenberg, R. grad. phys. Ohio Med. Bras Grossman, Celia. res. asst. neur. Columbia. Br 336. Krahl, M. E. asst. prof. pharm. Washington (St. Louis). Lower, G. G. teach. biol. Upper Darby Sr. High. Br 206. Mathews, A. P. prof. emerit. biochem. Cincinnatti. Mayor, J. W. res. prof. Union (Schenectady). Lib. F. Meyerhof, O. res. prof. biochem. Pennsylvan.a. Lib. A Plough, H. H. prof. biol. Amherst. Om 22. Ricknagel, R. O. grad. zool. Pennsylvania. Br 219. Shanhey, Sister Francis Jerome. instr. biol. St. Mary of the Springs (Ohio). Br ilalpl, Sheng, T. C. grad. zool. Columbia. Br 314. Stunkard, H. W. prof. biol. New York. Br 332. Sturtevant, A. H. prof. genetics. Cal. Inst. Tech. Br 334. Weber, N. A. assoc. prof. anat. North Dakota. Rock 7. STUDENTS IN INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY Amberson, Margaret M. Oberlin zool. Banner, A. H. asst. prof. zool. Hawaii zool. F 55. Bergquist, Jeanne B. Barnard zool. K 3. Bernsau, Margaret I. Wilson College zool. H 7. Bingham, Barbara A. Michigan zool. W e. Candelas, G. A. asst. inst. zool. (Puerto Rico) zool. F 49. Cattell, Elly. Cornell zool. Chadwick, J. B. Grad. zool. Swarthmore zool. F 47. Chiveas, Mirian E. Howard zool. graduate D 10. Crocker, D. W. grad. asst. zool. Cornell zool. Edwards, J. P. Drury (Mo.) zool. Ghrentheil, Susann J. Radcliffe zool. W ec. Emerson, Julia R. Wellesley zool. K 1. Enders, Abbie G. Swarthmore zool. W e. Feld, Emily: A. North Carolina zool. H 1. Ferguson, E. L. Wesleyan zool. K 6. Foley, J. B. Lab. asst. zool. Yale zool. F 45. Foremen, Darhl L. George Washington zool. W d. Fullerton, Ann E. Western Maryland zool. H 4. Gehr, Agnes R. Western Reserve zool. H 6. Gese, E. C. Grad. asst. zool. New York zool. D 107. Gese, Phyllis K. grad. New York zool. D 107. Hackett, T. P. Cincinnati zool. Hand, C. H. asst. zool. Connecticut zool. Hopkins, A. L. Jr. Harvard zool. K 7. Hopp, W. B. grad. asst. biol. Purdue zool. K 6. Humphrey, Judith M. Connecticut Zool. Kol: Jakowska, Sophie. grad biol. Fordham zool. K 10. Kenyon, V. Patricia. grad. biol. Brown zool. W f. Kramer, D. grad. Clark zool. F 55. Liberti, A. V. grad. biol. Fordham zool. Da 11. Liu, Chien-Kang. grad. zool McGill zool. F 44. Meinkoth, N. A. asst. zool. Illinois zool. Da. 7. Mendes, Marta V. asst. prof. zool. S. Paulo (Brazil) zool, Dr 2. Miller, Betty. Western Maryland zool. H 4. Morris, D. M. Jr. grad. asst. zool. Indiana zool. Moulton, J. M. Mass State zool. F 48. Peters, W. grad. zool. Yale zool. Pollens, N. B. grad. asst. biol. Rochester zool. K 7. Rafferty, Gertrude. grad. asst. zool. Illinois zool. Rice, Mary E. Drew (N. J.) zool. N 3. Robinson, E. J. grad. asst. biol. New York zool. F 48. Sanderson, Margaret C. Vassar zool. H 3. Saslow, H. B. asst. inst. zool. Illinois zool. F 54. Seitner, P. G. grad. asst. biol. Purdue zool. K 7. Smith, T. C. Oberlin zool. F 44. Sullivan, T. D. grad. biol. Fordham zool. Swanson, Ann 'l. grad. zool. Tufts N 3. Thompson, Mary J. zool. Yale. W d. Van Hoesen, Drusilla R. grad. biol. Pennsylvania zool. D 307. Vivian, Janet. grad. Radcliffe zool. W c. Warner, Kathleen, inst. biol. Mundelein zool. H 9. Warters, Mary E. Oberlin zool. N 3. Wetmore, Katherine B. Radcliffe zool. H_ 16. Williams, E. E. grad. Columbia zool, F 47. STUDENTS IN BOTANY Clifford, Sister Adele. grad. biol. Fordham. Fahey, Elizabeth M. grad. Boston. Iraas, Janet L. bot. Wheaton. Br 309. Garnic, Justine. biol. Carnegie Inst. 6f Tech. Ka 10. Keeffe, Mary M. grad. biol. Fordham. Br 318. Torrey, Anna M. zool. Swarthmore. W b. Urquhart, Betty A. instr. biol. Wheaton (Illinois). Vichniac, W. res. asst. zool. Washington (St. Louis). Dr attic. Wilson, Marie E. biol. Western Maryland. H 2. APPARATUS Lefevre, Dorothy E. asst. to mgr. Little, E. P. mgr. Mills, R. B. Nevison, T. O. Peaslee, A. T. Jr. Wilson, Anne E. CHEMICAL Bickel, C. L. Eschenberg, Kathryn M. Little, E. P. acting mgr. Marker, Muriel J. Young, Marcia A. GLASSBLOWING Graham, J. D. ; Kazium, C. OPTICAL LABORATORY Lavin, G. I. Wright, D. H. PHOTOGRAPHIC Broomell, Hannah T. MUSEUM Gray, G. M. curator emer. Aveust 3, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET MAINTAINANCE OF BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS Dawson, G. janitor. Griddly, W. janitor, Ka. Kahler, R. S. asst. supt, Woods Hole. Larkin, T. E. supt. Br 7. Woods Hole. McGraw, D. janitor. Ka. Molzahn, K. janitor. Ka. Neal, A. janitor. Woods Hole. Nickolson, G. fireman. Woods Hole. Pierce, A. carpenter. Woods Hole. Purcell, J. janitor. Ka. Rohmeling, E. night mech. Woods Hole, Shaunessey, C. janitor. Ka. Tawell, T. A. custodian. Woods Hole. Taylor, W. R. Jr., carpenter’s helper. Virden, P. janitor. Ka. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN Gcoerts, Helen, sec. to ed. Br 120. Steinbach, H. B. managing ed. Br 120. LIBRARY Jessup, Mrs. Eldon. asst. Lawrence, Deborah. asst. lib. Montgomery, Priscilla B. librarian. Rohan, Mary A. asst. DIRECTORY DIRECTORS Iselin, Columbus O’D., Director Redfield, Alfred C., Associate Director PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS Arons, Arnold B. Arsove, Melvin Austin, Thomas S. Barnes, David Barry, Charles J. Bergmann, Peter G. Bergstrom, Stanley Bohn, William C. Branz, Ethel R. Brown, Richard Bumpus, Dean F. Bunker, Andrew Butcher, Wilham S. Carter, Ashley H. Cole, Robert H. Coles, J. Stacy Colton, John Condron, Thomas P. Cornell, Sidney Cotell, Robert Cotter, Theodore P., Jr. Craig, Richard Curtis, Wesley Decius, John C. Emmons, Gardner Ericson, David B. Ewing, Wm. Maurice Field, Harold P. Ford, William L. Fraenkel, George Fuglister, Frederick Fye, Paul M. Gates, Olcott Gever, Gabriel Gordon, William E. Griffin, Robert W. Hersey, John B. Hunt, Otis E. Jacobs, Sigmund J. Kennedy, William D. Klapper, Marvin S. Klebba, Arthur Liebermann, Leonard Mather, Frank J. McCasland, Kenneth MeNees, Sterling Montgomery, Raymon« Newmark, Philip Niffenegger, Charles Patterson, Roger Phleger, Fred B., Jr. Pingree, Frederick deW. Price, Robert S. Rakestraw, Norris Schalk, Marshall Schevill, William Seiwell, Harry R. Shafer, Philip Shear, Nathaniel Shultz, William Slifko, John P. Smith, Paul F. Sokol, George M. Spector, Aaron Stetson, Henry Stommel, Henry Swift, Elijah Jr. Templin, Herman Vine, Adelaide Vine, Allyn C. von Arx, William S. Watson, Edmond E. White, George N., Jr. Wildt, Rupert Wilson, Donald A. Woodcock, Alfred Woollard, George Worzel, J. Lamar Wyman, Jeffries Yaspan, Arthur J. BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS Avers, John C. Briggs, Margaret Ketchum, Bostwick Newell, Irwin M. Chu, Shu-Ping Clarke, George Deevey, Edward Deevey, Georgiana Edmondson, W. T. Edmondson, Yvette Haskin, Harold H. Hutchins, Louis Johnstone, Donald B. THE WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Pratt, David M.° Riley, Gordon Sears, Marvy Turner, Harry J. von Arx, Rvth Waksman, Selman Weiss, Charles Whiteley, George C. ADMINISTRATORS Allen, Norman T. Behrens, Henry G. Bryant, Edwin T. Churchill, John D. W. Conlan, Marcus Grittins Das McGilvray, John Oakley, Gilbert Jr. Schroeder, William C. TECHNICIANS Allen, Barbara Atkins, Elisha Atwood, Barbara Barbour, Lucius H. Bardwell, Thomas C. Bartholomew, George Belknap, Edwin C. Bernier, Hector F. Billard, Ruth Black, Jeremiah S. Blevins, Charles F. Brooks, Barbara Brown, Patricia Bunce, Elizabeth Campbell, W. Graham Cattley, Henry Chamberlain, Helene Christian, Ermine Christoffersen, Alf P. Clark, Gloria Clarke, Arnold H. Cobb, Mary Cole, Donald L. Cole, Elizabeth F. Conroy, Mary E. Cotter, Barbara Ann Diaco, Elizabeth Doane, Kathryn M. Druce, Charlotte Duys, Gerrit, Jv. Ewing, Margaret Haskin, Margaret B. Hathaway, Barbara Hawes, Marion M. Hayes, Carlyle Hegarty, Mary E. Hern, Eleanor Hoadley, Lloyd D. Hopkins, Amos L., Jr. Horne, Jane Hull, Robert H . Johnson, Janet Keegan, Hugh J. Keen, D. Jean Kellogg, George D., Jr. Kistiakowsky, Vera Knott, Priscilla Knott, Sydney T., Jr. Krance, Eugene K. Kumin, Victor M. Lumbert, Doris Malasky, Sol. W. Mangan, John G. Maple, Virginia Marshall, Charles T. Mason, Joan Mayhew, John W. MeDonough. George Metcalf, William Miller, Arthur R. Miller, Judith C. Miller, Conrad 38 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 2 Fairbanks, Phyllis Ferris, Alice French, Constance Friar, Nancy N. Gifford, Mary M. Groh, Eunice Milley, Frederick C. Milley, Ross H. Parkinson, John Jr. Pasley, Gale G. Jr. Penrose, Edward T. Perkins, Barbara Peterson, Charles W. Pingree, Hazel Post, Louis A. Read, Wm. Thornton, Jr. Richards, James L. Rogers, Mary Anne Rutledge, Wyman C. Ryder, Dorothy Scharff, Eileen Scharff, Margaret Senate, Ruth Ellen Snipes, Anne Spalding, Oakes Sparks, Elizabeth Stanley, John, R. Taylor, Alice K. Taylor, George C. Templin, - Vivian Tirey, George B. Tollio, Evangeline Trabun, Sonia Tsiknas, Esther Turner, Mary Allen Vail, Virginia Walden, Robert G. Walker, Iona Warren, Ruth Weare, Sylvia Wehe, Theodore J. Whaley, Horace H. Wingate, Catharine L. Winter, Grace L. Woodward, Hiram, Jr. Worthington, L. V. LABORATORY ASSISTANTS Alberts, Herbert Anderson, Nellie Barstow, Elmer Brown, Joan A. Donnelly, Dorothy A. Gordon, George Huntington, Wilfrid H. Hutchins, Helen S. Hyde, Richard Kahler, George Luce, John B. Merrill, Marilyn Ostiguy, George Peterson, Philip B. Redfield, Alfred G. Reynolds, Carl H. lil Rockwell, Marilyn Sisson, Nancy Solberg, Otto Sullivan, James R. Wheeler, Charles Windle, Allen L. Woodward, Fred C., Jr. SECRETARIES AND CLERKS Alberts, Virginia Backus, Jeanne Baker, Arshales Broadbent, Madeline Brown, Vivien Burton, Elizabeth A. Campbell, Mary E. Cerwinski, Kathryn Dearnley, Fern DeChambeau, Willina G. Donald, Mary Doyle, Genevieve Frysinger, Evelyn M. Gallagher, Anita W. Krause, Lucile V. Maxim, Betty Jane Mellor, Florence Neal, Anita M. Nonnemaker, Ruth M. Ortolani, Mary Ostiguy, Betty Palmer, Anne Parker, Alis M. Phillips, Helen Piccoli, Camille Trollinger, Anne Vaetsch, Lois Vail, Charlotte Gillis, Jean F. Joseph, Norma A. Klapper, Blanche L. Weiss, Shirley Wirick, Ruth Ann SERVICE PFERSONNEL Adams, Robert Alberts, Richard Berry, Everett Blake, Forrest W. Bodman, Ralph Brightman, Warren E. Cavanaugh, Bernard F. Cave, Eric F. Condon, William Day, Dorothy Dingwell, Paul Eldridge, Stanley Eldridge, Stanley N., Jr. Fisher, Stanley O. Gallagher, William Gaskell, Fred Gifford, C. E. L. Goodale, June E. Handy, Harry H. Harlow, Seaver Hawkins, Edwin Hodgkins, Harry L. Howes, Elijah Howes, William L. Mandly, Henry Marrow, Wallace R. McInnis, Stephen Miranda, Benjamin Mixer, Carleton Molleur, David Morrison, Kenneth Murphy, Ellen Agnes Nickelson, Ellen T. Pacheco, Angelo Parker, Charles F. Peck, Sidney F. Plamondon, William L. Pratt, Robert T. Robinson, Oliver W. Ronne, Francis C. Salthouse, James Schroeder, William Simmons, Nat Soderland, Ida Stansfield, Richard Stimpson, John W. Thayer, Lawrence Thompson, John Turner, Catherine Wagstaff, Hallett Wing, Carleton Wing, Nathaniel Young, Eugene E. BOAT PERSONNEL Backus, Harold Bailey, James S. Bosworth, Russell Bryant, Nelson S. Jr. Cook, Hans Coutinho, Manuel Cromwell, Benjamin C. Davidson, Herbert M. Dean, Ernest Dutra, George P. Dyer, Charles C. Fay, Donald H. Goodwin, F. Lawrence Hallowell, William G. Iverson, Nils Karlson, Arvid Mandly, William A. Mayhew, Elliott Mayhew, Paul Mysona, Eugene J. Nickerson, Frederick Palmer, Robert K. Parrish, William F. Payne, William D. Plante, Robert A. Poole, Stanley Reilly, James R. Rogers, Elmer L. Schweidenback, C. Otto Siversen, Ernest Swanson, George Wahlstrom, Johan F. ' West, Norman Woodard, Floyd H. NOTE: Persons wishing to locate workers at the Oceanographic Institution (either their place of work or of residence) may do so by consulting the guard at the entrance to the building. 1400. Telephone Falmouth Aucust 3, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET 39 A. H. T. CO. SPECIFICATION BARCROFT -WARBURG APPARATUS For the measurement of cell respiration and similar processes BARCROFT-WARBURG APPARATUS, A.H. T. Co. Specification. Incorporating sugges- tions of Dr. Eric G. Ball, while in the Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. For the measurement of cell respiration and similar processes which depend on reactions wherein a gas is either absorbed or evolved under carefully controlled conditions, but also suitable for almost any macro or micro analytical procedure involving kinetic gas ex- changes. Consisting of sets of seven or fourteen Barcroft- Warburg Manometers of Pyrex glass with standard taper interchangeable ground joints; mounted on improved type aluminum supports with white back- ground behind the graduations and with nickel-plated clamp for convenient removal of the manometer without the use of tools; Monel metal water bath, 24% inches long x 15 inches wide xX 10 inches deep, with mercury-in-glass type thermo-regulator adjusted for 37°C and sensitive to changes of 0.03°C, equip- ped with electric shaking and stirring devices, immersion heater ,special thermometer 36 to 40°C in 1/20° divisions, reading lamp on extension cord, and slotted wooden base for supporting seven manome- ters in vertical position when not in use. Manometers are shaken in a vertical position on ball-bearing rollers. The speed of the shaking device is controlled by a rheostat, as is also the speed of the stirring unit. 3603. Barcroft-Warburg Apparatus, A.H.T. Co. Specification, Seven-Unit, complete as above described, adjusted for 37°C, including seven manu meters on improved aluminum supports, constant temperature bath with shaking and stirring devices ,immersion heater, thermo-regulator, spe- cial thermometer reading to 1/20°C, reading lamp, one slotted base for seven manometers, cord and plug, and directions for use. For 110 volts a.c 487.05 WOd em Word iii keen ateees eettens Rye Lee Roa ice en ee aed DjJuuv NOTE—can be converted into a fourteen-unit assembly by addition of accessories offered sepa- rately. 3604-A. Ditto, Fourteen-Unit, identical with above but with fourteen manometers and two slotted wood- en bases, each for seven manometers. For 110 volts a.c ........... ee Ne ew teeter (AOSSO) Code Word Dlylk ARTHUR H. THOMAS COMPANY RETAIL—WHOLESALE—EXPORT LABORATORY APPARATUS AND REAGENTS WEST WASHINGTON SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A. Cable Address, BALANCE, Philadelphia 40 5 THE COLLECTING NET [Vor. XVII, No. 2 | THE TWIN DOOR To All Readers of EXCELLENT FOOD Wh : WT ee ee The Collecting Net EUNeHEON We wish to take this opportunity DINNER ee Papeesrs Sher aen incre Suronaach to welcome you back to Woods Hole WOODS HOLE for the first postwar Summer season. | MRS. WEEKS’ SHOPS Your inquiries for laboratory ani- HOSIERY, DRY GOODS mals are invited. TOILET NECESSITIES Ay CRETONNE, CHINTZ, LINGERIE | A | BOOKS and LENDING LIBRARY | | MAIN ST., FALMOUTH CARWORTH FARMS INC. | r NEW CITY DALEY'S DRUG STORE , Woods Dat Fe JS Reg. Ph. Tel. 741 \ ROCKLAND co., N.Y. Everything for the Sick Room | Complete Line of j MICE GUINEA PIGS RATS | JOHNSON & JOHNSON SURGICAL SUPPLIES “4 SUPPLIES FOR THE NURSERY ] \ Our Prescription Department is well stocked with 2 eo cee me ED 0am enS 1c ae Oe ED ED em cD OED ED OED AS Squibb’s, Lilly’s, Parke-Davis and Upjohn’s Pharmaceuticals FRANCIS GIFT SHOP Gifts For Every Occasion Books, Toys, China, Glassware MAIN ST. FALMOUTH BEALE’S Shoes For Every Member of the Family and Every Occasion FALMOUTH JEWELRY SHOP Distinctive Jewelry and Gifts MAIN ST. Falmouth 567-J PLAYCLOTHES for the family Swimsuits Shorts Playsuits Skirts The Only X Ray Shoe Fitter on Cape Cod Walkover Shoes For Men and Women ISSOKSON’S MAIN STREET, FALMOUTH MAIN STREET, FALMOUTH ee TEENIE SEES SESE —--. COPS PPI I PPO L ILL I PLL ICL ELE LL LILLE LIDGE LILO L GEL OL OL OLED PREP PIP LPG LPP AuGust 3, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET “Microflex”’ The new Micro-Camera with Mirror-Reflex-Housing. Descriptive Literature on Request GAMMA INSTRUMENT COMPANY, Inc. 95 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK, N.Y. Available for Fal! Classes NEW THIRD EDITIONS BEAVER’S GENERAL BIOLOGY 890 pages, 321 illustrations, 14 color plates $4.75 Thorough revision brings this popular text completely up-to-date. Human biol- ogy, sewage disposal, antibiotics, para- sites are a few of the topics which have been incorporated. Arrangement of the material permits its adaptation to re- quirements of the course being offered. BEAVER’S LABORATORY OUTLINES OF GENERAL BIOLOGY 268 pages, illustrated $2.00 Revision of this manual is correlated with changes in the new edition of the text. Used together, the large text and the manual are an excellent pair of tools for instruction. Your inspection of them is invited. By William C. Beaver, Professor of Biology, Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio. CONSIDER THESE TEXTS FOR ADOPTIONS—COPIES SENT ON REQUEST The C. V. MOSBY, Company 3207 WASHINGTON BLVD., ST. LOUIS 3, MO. St. Louis San Francisco PPL PL LL LOL LLP L LOL LLOLLLLOOL OD OL OL OL LOLOL OOLLOCOOD OD THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XVIII, No. 2 42 , ed e Craig—Laboratory Diagnosis of Protozoan Diseases. Cloth .......... $4.50 Craig and Faust—Clinical Parasi- tology. Fourth edition. Cloth....$10.00 Gray—Anatomy of the Human Body. Twenty-fourth edition. Buckram ...... $12.00 Kendall—Microscopic Anatomy of Vertebrates. Second edition. Cloth*®aaee _ $3.75 System. Third edition. Cloth... $8.50 Kuntz—A Text-Book of Neuro- Anatomy. Fourth edition. Cloth $6.50 Levinson and MacFate—Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis. Third edition. Cloth w.cc... $10.00 McCulloch—Disinfection and Sterilization. Second edition. Cloth ... $6.50 Simmons and Gentzkow—Labora- tory Methods of the United States Army. Fifth edition. Clothpee .. $7.50 Kuntz—The Autonomic Nervous And Other Standard Works e Represented by Edwin T. P. Boone, Jr. LEA & FEBIGER Washington Square, Philadelphia 6, Pa. COLD PP LS OLD LS Se i i i i ii THE CHRONICA BOTANICA CO. International Plant Science Publishers WALTHAM 54, MASS. NEW YORK: G. E. STECHERT AND CO. SAN FRANCISCO: J. W. STACEY, INC. Arber, Goethe’s Botany Baldwin, Forest Tree Seed Bawden, Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases (ed. 2) gsetaceendasasniduiecevstegandescueiateeeeet eon ee cee 4.75 Browne, A Source Book of Agricultural CHEMISE Y o..0. 5.5 .0ccsscceescccseeeseesenseseteee eee Browne, Thomas Jefferson and the Scientific Trends of His Time Chester, The Cereal Rusts (in press) Chronica Botanica (per annual volume),......... Condit, The Fig (im press) .0......-cccsccsssecetecenesese $5.60 Cooper, Arboretums, their Aims and Scope (in press) Copeland, Genera Filicum (in press).... x Dachnowski-Stokes, Peat (in press) $4.50 Erdtman, An Introduction to Pollen Analysis $5.00 Fulford, Bazzania in C. and S. 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ZoBell, Marine Microbiology Detailed catalogue upon request PODPOL LOLOL LL LOL LOD LL LOD LOO L LLL OL LO LLD OOD LOOCOLS Aucusrt 3, 1946 | THE All Streptomycin now being produced is allo- cated by the Civilian Production Administration. At present, civilian distribution may be author- ized only by Dr. Chester S. Keefer, Evans Me- morial Hospital, Boston, Mass., Chairman of the Committee on Chemotherapeutics and Other Agents of the National Research Council. MERCK & CO., Inc. oy / lanufactu eon CY Chemésts COLLECTING NET “This 24-page, illustrated booklet, containing up-to-date and comprehensive information on Streptomycin, will be sent to you upon request. Merck & Co., Inc., a pioneer in the research, de- velopment, and production of Penicillin and other antibiotic agents, is currently expanding Streptomycin production as rapidly as possible. New facilities have been erected at Elkton, Va., and at Rahway, N. J., for large-scale production of this important new antibiotic agent. RAHWAY, NEW JERSEY In Canada: Merck & Co., Ltd. * Montreal * Toronto ¢ Valleyfield 43 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vou. XWVILT, Nome HIGH POWER Provide Both |. ce eleLD —and both are necessary for inspection of minute details. Designed by experts and manufactured by the same precision methods as Spencer Microscopes, these magnifiers are noted for their large, flat, brilliantly defined fields. UTILITY MAGNIFIER A 4.5 x DOUBLET giving an extremely large field, mounted on a horseshoe base that holds the lens at the proper distance. HAND MAGNIFIERS Magnifications for DOUBLETS range from 6x to 12x, and for TRIPLE AP- LANATS, from 6x to15x. American @ Optical COMPANY Scientific Instrument Division Buffalo 15, New York Marine biological Live:.-taty ii 2 SEP 9 - 194° fp WOODS HOLE, MASS. 5 VA 4 — —" ES is = Sy RAR ¥ Vol. XIX, No. 3 SOME INTERMEDIATE STEPS IN THE VISUAL CYCLE IDR, ZANs 1s, Isis Tufts Medical College The primary function of a visual pigment is the absorption of radiant energy and its transfer to the metabolic system of the visual cell. At present four such pigments are Annual Subscription, $1.50 Single Copies, 35 Cents. OFFICIAL MEETINGS OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Dr. CHARLES PACKARD Director, Marine Biological Laboratory The Annual Meeting of the Corporation of the Marine Biological Laboratory was marked by an innovation; on the Nominating Committee's list of nominees for Trustees there known. They are rhodopsin and porphyropsin, the pig- ments of vertebrate night vis- ion; idodpsin, the correspond- ing pigment of daylight vision, and cephalopsin, the visual pigment of the squid and pro- bably other invertebrates. These pigments, with the ex- ception of the squid, bleach in the light with the release ot yellow lipids. The light re- sponse was formerly consider- ed a diagnostic test of a visual pigment. However, the pres- ence in the squid of a lipopro- tein, otherwise basically simi- lar to rhodosin, suggests that The Woods Hole title, Announcement Collecting as its ground, long ago demonstrated the value of an informal, fre- quently - published news maga- zine for biologists. ENCE Press takes pride in an- nouncing its year-round publica- tion under the more appropriate The Biological Scientist. The foundation number will be published in November. were more names than places to be filled. To this list were added several names proposed from the floor. The result of the balloting was as follows: Treasurer—D. M. Brodie Ge-clected) hs Glencm = Oo @ Glaser (re-elected), Trustees, Class of 1950—D. E. S. Brown (re-elected), D. P. Costello, M. H. Jacobs (re- elected), D. A. Marsland, A. K. Parpart (re-elected), Franz Schrader (re-elected), H. B. Steinbach, B. H. Willier (re- elected). Class of 1949—F. A Brown. Trustee Emeritus— Net, using proving THE Scr- instability in light may not be a fundamental attribute of a visual pigment. Nevertheless, the bleaching of vertebrate visuai pigments is an interesting and complex process whose steps have not hitherto been fitted together. The first known product of bleaching (Page 55) W. C. Curtis. The remainder of the session was given over to reports. The Director spoke of the excellent work of Mr. C. L. Claff as Chairman of the Special Repairs Committee. The most urgent repairs mentioned in the report of this Committee have Official Meetings of the Marine Biological | Laboratory, Dr. Charles Packard | Steps in the Visual Cycle, Dr. A. F. Bliss........ 45 Oxidation-Reduction Studies as an Interpre- tation of the Mechanism of Fertilization of Marine Eggs, Dr. M, M. Brooks ......... 48 The Mechanico-Chemical Coupling of Musele, Winston Hl. Price ..0l...:..ccc.ceeccce-s0 49 A Slide-Making Method for Flattened Prep- aration of Eggs, ete., Dr. A. Tyler .......... 50 | TABLE OF CONTENTS | | Supplementary Directory Hyperactivity of the Adrenal Cortex, Drigh Ae sHarumanqerere se ee 51 Sea-Urchin Egg, Dr. W. A. Robbie Iitemswote interests ee The General Scientific Meetings A New Factor from the Adrenal Influencing Fat Deposition in the Liver, Dr. K. A. Brownell [109728 UPA ‘YWUIS I ‘Uotuey Bomzeg ‘Aorydunyy yyipne ‘aaypi, Ajeg ‘uojLeT[NY UUW ‘eYsSMoyeE “SG ‘UosUeMS UUY ‘toUZIES “Gg ‘UBATIINS “UL, ae More “SIOALYD UBL, “YOIMpeyH “f ‘weysuig vaieqieg ‘pled Avy ‘ueule10g “Gq ‘UosIeWUg eI[NE ‘uoy[NoT "f ‘rowery “q ‘sual[od “N “Aefoq “f ‘uosnsiaq ‘gq “siInbs1eg suUKer ‘UOSIequIY JoceSiey ‘NIT “OQ ‘etouljoM oULIOIQeYy ‘Iyet) sousy : MOY puz ‘uosdwoyL AIBA “PIyepoy “DD Ad AMG “HL Ad ‘PPA W “M “Id “af ‘UMoIg “VY “YY “Ad ‘peeyyvoT "YH faq ‘Yorsoy -q Arey “aq ‘youeqing ‘q “Ay “Aq ‘voeg eqjoul0jUY ‘Qoleld “WY eue[epey] “iq : Moy pag ‘UBIALA Jouve “‘sapus “WW ‘esex) st[[Ayg ‘puey ‘9D ‘stepuy Apnay, “[loyyuery™ euuezng ‘nesudog jeledieyy ‘toute use[yyey ‘ueseoy] ueA eIIIsnaq ‘ear Arey ‘uostepues Joledieyyy > MOY YIP “TayIoIN “q ‘spaempy “fC ‘Staj{9eg “M ‘“YJOYULOW “Jl ‘asoy “A ‘Waeqry “vy ‘ddoy “M ‘stoqtem Arey ‘surydoy “VW ‘SUIRITIIM ‘W ‘Mol[seg "Y ‘teuueg “Vy ‘sejepueg “5 ‘uosuIqoy ‘q ‘STILOy “GQ IMO™W youg SSWTID ADOTOOZ ALVYUSULYAANI AHL HO SLNAGALS GNV AAVLS AUGUST 7, 1946 | THE COLLECTING NET 47 OFFICIAL MEETINGS OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY (Continued from Page 45) been made. The Mess and Botany Building are now in excellent shape; the walls of the Crane building and a part of the Brick Building have been water-proofed; a new boat shed provides shelter for the two smaller boats ; repairs have also been made on the Rockefeller Building and in tne Supply Department. Still more have been author- ized, and will be made as soon as labor and mz- terials are available. The need for better research facilities grows more and more pressing. We need a faster and larger collecting boat, and better means for storing live material ; we should improve and increase our stock of apparatus, glassware, and chemicals. The Optical Laboratory, now being developed by Dr. Lavin, the Microtechnique Laboratory in charge of Mr. Claff and the Radiation Laboratory unde: the direction of Dr. Failla, should be expanded. In addition, cold rooms, de-humidified rooms, and other special services should be made available. The Librarian, Mrs. Montgomery, spoke of the reprint collection, and urged all members to send copies of their current reprints, and to suggest the names of biologists whose reprints should be in our files. The Treasurer, Mr. Brodie, commented briefly on the present financial condition of the Labora- tory, calling attention to the fact that the Reserve Fund and most of the Current Cash had been al- located to pay for repairs. Not all of the money thus earmarked had been spent. The Clerk, Dr. Glaser, reported that with the new members, the total membership of the Cor- poration is now 419, Dr. Little, Manager of the Apparatus and Chem- ical Departments, spoke of the greatly increased use of apparatus and chemical supplies. As evi- dence, he cited, among other items, that 10 tons of distilled water have been furnished to investi- gators this summer. Dr. Conklin read a memorial for Dr. T. H. Morgan, and Dr. F. R. Lillie, a memorial for Dr. C. E. McClung. At the conclusion of the read- ing, the Corporation stood as a token of respect to these men who contributed so largely to the material and scientific activities of the Laboratory. MEETING OF TRUSTEES The Trustees of the Laboratory held two ses- sions, one before the Corporation meeting and one in the afternoon. The following new members were elected to the Corporation: Dr. Gerrit Beve- lander, Dr. E. J. Boell, Dr. Katherine Brownell, Dr. D. W. Bronk, Dr. Paul R. Burkholder, Dr. Herbert S. Gasser, Dr. Harry Grundfest, Dr. H. L. Hamilton, Dr. Helen W. Kaan, Dr. Arnold Lazarow, Dr. L. J. Milne, Dr. R. H. Oster, Dr. F. J. Ryan, Dr. G. T, Scott, Dr. C. A. Villee, Dr. Anna R. Whiting. Reports of Committees occupied most of the time of both sessions, Dr. Redfield, Chairman ot the Library Committee, mentioned the increase in the contribution made by the Oceanographic In- stitution for the support of the Library. This was used to raise the salaries of some of the Library staff. Dr. Brooks, representing the Committee on Instruction, stated that the courses, with the ex- ception of Botany, have their maximum number of students. The Embryology course, with 30, haa 42 applicants; Physiology had 59 applicants, of whom only 26 could be admitted; 106 applied ior Zoology, and 55 were admitted. Dr. Brooks re- marked that more and more students are starting research problems in connection with their regular work. The Chairman of the Buildings ana Grounds Committee, Dr. Ball, spoke of the repairs and improvements already completed, and of those which remain to be made. The playground tor children at the Dormitory has proved most valu- able. Dr. Armstrong mentioned the improvements made in the Supply Departmént. A new boat shed has been built, and new motors placed in the Nereis and Sagitta. The latter boat is now old and must soon be replaced. An elevator in the Stone Building is greatly needed. This would al- low the capacious top floor of the building to be used for storage, thus freeing the boat shop for other purposes. The business of the Supply De- partment continues to increase under the able di- rection of Mr. McInnis. After the report of the Special Repairs Com- mittee, the Trustees unanimously adopted a reso- lution expressing the great appreciation of the Laboratory to Mr. Claff for his invaluable work as Chairman of the Committee. Among other actions taken by the Trustees may be mentioned the following; the new members of the Executive Committee are M. H. Jacobs and A. Kk. Parpart. From now on, each member will serve 3 years instead of 2. There will therefore be a total of 6 elected members instead of 4 as at present. The roads to be laid out in the Devil’s Lang Tract will be named for F. R. Lillie, E. B. Wil- son, T. H. Morgan, E. G. Conklin and Jacques Loeb. 48 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XIX, No. 3 OXIDATION-REDUCTION STUDIES AS AN INTERPRETATION OF THE MECHANISM OF FERTILIZATION OF MARINE EGGS Dr. MatirpA MoLDENHAUER Brooks Research Associate in Biology, University of California These experiments are an attempt to show that the mechanism of fertilization of marine eggs 1s related to the difference in potential between the egg and the sperm. Concentrated suspensions of centrifuged eggs or ‘‘dry” sperm were measured for E, and pa (referred to below as eggs and sperm). These terms were combined as ry according to Clark's formula. Arbacia punctulata (1), Asterias for- besii (2) and Chaetopterus pergamentacea (3) were used. Correlations between the rate of Ox consumption of unfertilized and fertilized eggs and the redox potential were made (see previous re- port, Brooks, 1943). The redox potential of sperm was found to be more positive than that of unfertilized eggs in the case of (1), not very different in the case of (2) and more negative in the case of (3). These val- ues are in agreement with the change in rate of ©» consumption upon the fertilization of the eggs of these three animals. Sea water has a higher redox potential than It appears to be lightly poised by the presence of sutficient concentrations of metabol- ites of animals, bacteria and plants. It also con- tains many elements such as iodine, iron, copper, arsenic and manganese, etc., either free or in com- bination and capable of appearing in redox sy- stems (see Harvey, 1945). When sea water 1S diluted by hypertonic salt or sucrose solutions in proportions used as artificial parthenogenetic agents, the redox potential is lowered. The hypo- thesis suggested is that the redox potential of the Sea water is too positive in most cases to produce parthenogenesis. When eggs are allowed to re- main in sea water, they give off “egg water” which sperm. 5 has a lower redox potential than sea water in the case of Arbacia. The fertilization membrane—Since the fertiliza- tion membrane can be produced in the presence of KCN or in the absence of Os, it is concluded that its formation is not associated with aerobic oxida- tions. It can be considered in the light of a by- product. Since eggs can cleave without a fertili- zation membrane, this corroborates this conclu- sion. The membrane can be thought of as aris- ing due to a result of a change in the physical state of the proteins. As the redox potential is chang- ing on fertilization, an alteration in the surface layer or of the precursor of the membrane occurs, whether by denaturation or by a change in the ag- gregation of the protein molecules in solution. A change in the redox potential could account for the formation of such a membrane by creating or des- troying valencies. Such a process has been stud- ied by Rapkine (1930) in the case of Paracentro- tus eggs. He tound changes in the concentration of the —SH radical thirty minutes after fertiliza- tion. Similarly, establishment of new bonding between protein molecules may be responsible for Heilbrunn’s (1915) observation that the whole egg shows an increase in viscosity after fertiliza- tion. Denaturation offers the most logical alloca- tion of these processes at present. Some time after fertilization, there is a drop in the redox potential. The increase in concentra- tion of the —SH radical at the beginning of the first cleavage (Rapkine, /.c.) agrees with this ob- servation. As the larva develops there is a grad- ual rise in the redox potential to the pluteus stage. The hypothesis underlying these experiments is based upon the assumption that the rate of Og con- sumption of an egg depends upon the ratio of oxi- dants to reductants of the oxidation enzyme sys- tems. If the rate is high the ratio approaches unity. If the rate is low, the ratio deviates from unity. In an unfertilized egg with a low Os» con- sumption, as in Arbacia, the conclusion would be that the ratio is far from unity. Sperm with a more positive redox potential would be considered to change the ratio towards unity so that more nearly equal concentration of oxidants to reduct- ants could react with one another. Barron (1930) has shown that there is a definite relation between rate of Oz consumption of cells and the redox potential of the solution surrounding them. In other words, the purpose of the sperm would be to regulate the ratio of oxidants to reductants of the oxidation enzyme systems thereby changing the energy level to one which is necessary for be- ginning development. In 4rbacia, it would need to be raised; in Alsterias, not much change is needed as the energy level is already at a high value; in Chaetopterus, it would need lowering. These values agree with the rate of O. consump- tion on fertilization of these three eggs. References S. G. Jour. Gen. Physiol. 13 483 (1930). 2 No. Tia 3arron, PF. Brooks. M. M. ‘‘ Federation Proceedings. ’’ (1943). Heilbrunn. TL. V. sis’’. (1915). Harvey, H. W. ‘‘The Chemistry and Biology of Sea water’’, (1945). Rapkine, L, Comp. Rendu. Acad. Sci. 101 871 (1930). “Studies in Artificial Parthenogene- August 17, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET ALAS THE MECHANICO-CHEMICAL COUPLING OF MUSCLE Winston H. Price Formerly Research Assistant in Chemistry California Institute of Technology, Pasadeiu In 1930 Lundsgaard found that a muscle would contract when the formation of lactic acid was blocked by iodoacetate and would continue to shorten until all the phosphocreatine present in the muscle was used up. These findings ruled out the prevailing Meyerhof theory of muscle contrac- tion. In 1934 Lohmann investigated the adenosinetri- phosphatase (ATP-ase) activity of frog muscle extract in connection with the enzymatic splitting of phosphocreatine (P-creatine). He showed that the following sequence of reactions takes place : adenosinetriphosphate—adenylic acid-+2H3PO , adenylic acid+-2 P-creatine=ATP-+-2 creatine 2 P-creatine—2 creatine+2 H3PO4 The second reaction occurs step-wise, leading first to the formation of adenosinediphosphate and then to ATP. No enzyme has as yet been found in muscle which can hydrolyze P-creatine directly to creatine and inorganic phosphate. The splitting of P-creatine can take place only in the presence of adenosinediphosphate or adenylic acid. These findings were important for they showed that the ATP concentration in muscle remained constant as long as P-creatine was available, and also led to the assumption that during muscle contraction the splitting of ATP preceded that of P-creatine. Meyerhot’s and Lohmann’s finding that the hy- drolysis of one pyrophosphate bond of ATP liber- ated about 12,000 calories per mole was another factor contributing to the idea that this exergonic reaction was involved in muscle contraction. Fur- ther evidence for this hypothesis has been the find- ings that (1) all the energy of the cell seems to be converted into phosphate bond energy, (2) in- organic phosphate is liberated from ATP during muscle activity and (3) agents such as iodoace- tate, sodium fluoride and azide! which inhibit ATP synthesis in muscle also inhibit muscle activity. New impetus was given this idea by the report of Engelhardt and co-workers that (1) myosin, the contractile protein of muscle, showed ATP- ase activity and (2) myosin threads under tension undergo an elongation on the addition of ATP; this effect depending upon the ATP-ase activity of the thread. Needham and co-workers had also found that the addition of ATP to myosin solu- tions caused a decrease in the viscosity and flow birefringence of the myosin. Recently Szent-Gyorgyi and co-workers have reported the isolation of a new protein from mus- cle which they call actin. This protein in combin- ation with myosin forms the contractile element of muscle. This statement is based on the fact that contracting threads may only be drawn from the actomyosin complex and not from either protein alone. Experiments were undertaken with the purpose of seeing whether, by the use of the invitro sys- tems described above, some information could be obtained on the mechanico-chemical coupling of muscle. Actin was prepared according to Szent- Gyorgyi and co-workers and purified by isoelec- tric precipitation, alcohol precipitation and finally by precipitation as the calcium salt. This actin showed a single peak in the Tiselius apparatus whereas the preparation of Szent-Gyorgyi had shown 3 components. The calcium precipitate was dissolved in KCl and dialyzed against 0.01 M borate buffer, pH 10.0 for 20 hours in the cold. The addition of ATP (.004 M) had no effect on this actin solution. If, however, the actin solu- tion was incubated with 0.1 M KCl for 15 min- utes, the protein underwent a marked rise in vis- cosity and flow birefringence. Addition of ATP (.004 M) to this actin solution caused a decrease in the viscosity and flow birefringence to the value found before incubating the actin with KCI. No ATP was split during this reaction. If the ATP- ase which had been separated from myosin? was then added to this system, ATP was split and the viscosity and flow birefringence returned to the high value. Experiments indicate that it is the triphosphate bond of ATP that is essential for the lowering of the viscosity and flow birefringence of actin. Furthermore, the union between actin and ATP seems to be in the nature of a salt linkage, perhaps by combination of the phosphate groups of ATP with the amino acid side chains of the ac- tin molecule. This combination may make some of the side groups reactive and cause a shortening of the molecule. No liberation of -SH- groups could be detected on combination of ATP with actin. The subsequent splitting off of the high energy rich phosphate from ATP would then sup- ply the energy needed for the relaxation and re- charging of the actomyosin complex. If one could transpose such in vitro experiments as described above to the whole muscle, they would indicate that combination of ATP with the acto- myosin complex in muscle would result in con- traction and the splitting of ATP in relaxation. ‘Price, in press. * Price and Cori, J. Biol. Chem. 162, 393 (1946). 50 THE COLLECTING NET [VoLt. XIX, No, 3 RAPID SLIDE-MAKING METHOD FOR PREPARATIONS OF EGGS, PROTOZOA, ETC Dr. ALBERT TYLER Associate Professor of Embryology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena Many workers have inquired about the details of a quick slide-making method to which reference was made in an earlier publication (Tyler, 1932). This note is a brief account of the method which is a modification of one described by Bélar (1928). It consists simply of placing one coverslip con- taining a small drop of fixing fluid on another cov- erslip containing a small drop of cell suspension. The two coverslips are later separated and handled in the same manner as slides containing sectioned material. Top figure illustrates a convenient way of joining the two coverslips. One coverslip oa bee Cee Baa 2) ZN containing the drop of cell suspension is support- ed on the edges of two Syracuse dishes. The sec- ond coverslip containing the drop of fixing fluid is placed crosswise (bottom figure) over the first being released as soon as the drops touch. It is important that the fixing fluid does not act for too long before the eggs are flattened, otherwise the protein and other material on the surface of the cell becomes coagulated and hardened. The cells then flatten irregularly and subsequently fail to adhere to the coverslips. It is also important to avoid evaporation from the drops. By proper ad- justment of the size of the drops the degree of flattening of the cells can readily be controlled. SUPPLEMENTARY Baca, Antoinette. Duke Med. OM 33. Baez, S. Br 328. Berg, G. G. grad, Columbia. Br 328. Carlson, F. D. res. asst. Johnson Found. (Phil.) Br 317. Copley, A. E. res. assoc. Mt. Sinai. Br 328. Dalcq, A. M. head dept. anat. & embr. Brussels. Rock Dische, Z. visit. scholar biochem. New York. Lib 0. Fiske, G. F. Goldis, B. Rock 7. Goodrich, H. B. prof. biol. Wesleyan.Br. 304. Jakus, Marie A. res. assoc. bivl. M.I.T. Br 217 J. Kempton, R. prof. zool. Vassar. OM 21. Kozam, G. ‘grad. res. asst. New York. Br. 328. Lancefield, D. Br. 208. Lowenstein, O. clinical prof. neurol. New York. Lib. DIRECTORY FOR THE The fixing fluid acts rapidly on cells of small di- ameter especially when they are flattened. With eggs of 0.05 to 0.2 mm, diameter, two to ten min- utes suffices for good fixation in Bouin's fluid. The joined coverslips are then carefully placed in a dish (one of the two Syracuse dishes used for support is convenient) and alcohol or other solu- tion, depending upon the fixing fluid employed, is added whereupon the coverslips tend to separate. The upper coverslip can then be readily lifted off. For this purpose it is advisable to use a needle and fine forceps placed on opposite sides of the upper coverslip and to lift the latter at one edge with the forceps while preventing it from sliding by means of the needle. Sliding of one coverslip over the other will, of course, cause distortion and loss of cells or fragments thereof. Ordinarily about half of the cells will adhere to each cover- slip and the two coverslips can be subsequently handled in coverslip-size staining dishes (Colum- bia staining dishes). Since the cells are usually flattened to the thinness (5 to 10 microns) of the usual microtome sections they can be passed equal- ly rapidly thru the alcohols and other solutions. This method is primarily useful for making chromosome counts, determining stage of mitosis, fertilization, ete. For such purposes it eliminates the necessity of sectioning and the concomitant difficulties resulting from having different parts of a cell in different sections. Since it involves flattening, it is obviously unsuitable for any work in which it is necessary to retain the normal shape of the cells. References Bélar, K. in ‘‘Methodik der wissenschaftlichen Biolo- gie’’, ed. by T. Peterfi, Vol. 1, 779 (1928). Tyler, A. ‘‘Chromosomes of artificially activated eggs of Urechis’’, Biol. Bull., 63: 212-217 (1932). MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Manginelli, P. asst. S. Paulo (Brazil). Br 328. Mcck, Mildred. Br 217 J. Morris, S. indep. invest. Lib G. Palade, G. asst. anat. Bucharest. Br 328. Remond, A. res. fel. Johnson Found. (Phil.) Br 317. Ris, H. asst. phys. Rockefeller Inst. Br 206. Rosen, Gloria E. res. asst. bact. Yale. Br 106. Schmidt, E. res. fel. Tufts Med. Br 122. Shwartzman, G. head dept. bact. Mt. Sinai. Lib 6. Taft, C. H. assoc. prof. pharm. Rock 3. Tashiro, S. prof. biochem. Cincinnati. Br. 341. Taylor, W. R. prof. bot. Michigan. Bot. Thau, M. Lib D. Todd, E. W. visit. invest. Rockefeller Inst. Br 208. Van Hoesen, Drusilla. Pennsylvania. Br 219. Waterman, T. H. Br 322. Weiner, M. H. student. Western Reserve. Br 107. Auecust 17, EO __THE COLLECTING NET | 51 HYPERACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX Dr. F. A. HarrMan Professor of Physiology, Olio State University At rest or under conditions of minimal activity there is a basal secretion of adrenal cortical hor- mones. In response to various stresses such as exercise, exposure to cold, trauma, anoxia and poisons, there is an increase in output of the hor- mones which subsides after the stimulus disap- pears. After removal of a large proportion of both adrenals by enucleation in the mouse a cou siderable rise in the basal secretion occurs. This higher level of secretion is maintained for months. The following table illustrates these changes. Fat and glycogen (as sugar) in the liver were dete:- mined after 24 hours starvation. Values indicating changes in hormone production after enucleation of both adrenals Total lipid % Glycogen % Normal 8.5 0.12 Adrenalectonized 6.3 0.04 Enucleated 2 days 6.6 i Tei 11.8 0.24 ie Seg 10.0 ie ZO 0.58 - OG'm 10.0 The wide difference in time at which the peaks for the production of the fat factor and carbohy- drate factor occur is evidence that the two factors are not identical. 3y enucleation we removed an average of 75% of the adrenal tissue. Less than 25% of active tissue remained since the circulation was disturbed and this 25 included the capsule. Thirteen days after enucleation the adrenals averaged 0.69% o1 the body weight which is one-half of the normal weight. Removal of cortical tissue probably reduces the inhibitory effect on adrenotrophic hormone pro- duction by the pituitary so that after a lag of three or four days there is sufficient recovery of the re- maining cortices to respond to the increased out- put of adrenotrophic hormone. | However, the new level of cortical hormone production does not return the adrenotrophic output to the old level. Thus a higher basal level is established. The per- formance of a relatively small number of cortical cells indicates a large factor of safety. This ca- pacity of cortical cells for sustained activity in dis- ease where a large proportion of cortical tissue is destroyed is important in prolonging life. There is now evidence for three mother hor- mones secreted by the adrenal cortex ; the fat fac- tor, the carbohydrate factor and the sodium factor. THE CYANIDE SENSITIVITY OF THE UNFERTILIZED SEA-URCHIN EGG Dr. W. A. Rossier Research Associate in Ophthalmogy, State University of Lowa Respiration in the unfertilized sea-urchin egg is conventionally considered to be insensitive to the action of hydrocyanic acid and therefore not de- pendent upon catalysis by a heavy metal enzynic system. This conception is based on the reports of Runnstrom? and Korr?, neither of whom pre- sent enough experimental data to justify such a conclusion. Lindahl® disagrees with the assump- tion in a lengthy and well written paper that shows there is a definite depression of the unfertilized egg respiration by cyanide. He declares also that the characteristics of the residual oxygen con- sumption in the presence of cyanide indicate that.a: different type of oxidative system, other than that active normally, is involved. Reinvestigation of the cyanide sensitivity of un- fertilized eggs of Arbacia punctulata, using recent- ly devised methods for maintaining constant con- centrations of HCN in manometric experiments, gives results which are comparable to those of Lin- dahl. The respiration is partially inhibited by concentrations of HCN as low as 10~° M.. and for a four hour period with 10—* M. it is only 40 percent of the control value. There is complete inhibition for the first hour or more. In 4 per- cent O.-96 percent N» mixture is no depression of the respiration of the control egg, but on addi- tion of 10~* M. HCN the oxygen consumption is reduced, for a four hour exposure, to 20 percent of the control level. At concentrations of cyanide higher than 10~+ M. there 4s apparently a stimulation in oxygen up- take. This is increased with high and reduced with low oxygen tensions. It is possibly associat- ed with oxidations proceeding through a cyanide- hemin system or with the metabolism of a cario- hydrate intermediate, catalyzed by HCN. In conclusion it may be stated that most of the respiration of the unfertilized Arbacia egg is me- diated by a heavy metal cyanide-sensitive catalytic system and that the oxygen consumption in high concentration of HCN is of a definitely different nature than the normally active mechanism. ‘ Runnstrém, J. Protoplasma 10, 106 (1930). * IKorr, I. M. Jour. Cell. and Comp. Physiol. 10, 461, (1937). * Lindahl, P. E. Ark. Kemi Mineral och Geol. 144A, 1 (1940). 52 THE COLLECTING NET [Vor. XIX, No. 3 The Collecting Net A fortnightly publication devoted to the scientific work at marine biological laboratories Edited by Ware Cattell with the assistance of Ruth Scott and Jane Carruthers. THE SCIENCE PRESS Lancaster, Pa. Introducing Dr. Albert Daleq, head of the department of hu- man anatomy and embryology at the Medical School of the University of Brussels. Dr. Dalcq has come to the United States this summer for the first time primarily to give a lec- ture on brain morphogenesis in vertebrates for the annual meeting of the Society for Study oi Development and Growth in Kingston, Rhode Island. His trip was planned so that he would have a few weeks in Woods Hole to study the Styela egg, not found in European waters. Born in Charleroi, Belgium, Dr. Dalcq gradu- ated from the Medical School of the Universtty of Brussels in 1919 and was appointed assistant in anatomy and embryology. He has been teach- ing for the past twenty-seven years; since 1930 he has been head of the department of human an- atomy and embryology. During World War I, he served as medical officer with an infantry battalion in the Belgian Congo and in World War II as head of a field hospital. After the University was closed, Dr. Daleq, Dr. Pasteels and Dr. J. Brachet were the guests of the Royal Museum of Natural History. As a medical student, Dr. Daleq, worked in the laboratory of Dr. A. Brachet on spermatogenesis in reptiles and in 1920 demonstrated the reptilian x-chromosome. Beginning his embryological re- search with a study of gametogenesis, he has pro- gressively studied each phase of embryology ; fer- tilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation and organogenesis. Working in Roscoff, he was able to activate the Asterias egg inducing partheno- genesis by means of calcium. In 1925, he began experiments on fertilization in the frog, intoxicat- ing the spermatozoa with trypaflavine and irrad- iating them and also the eggs with x-ray and radium. He observed that the chromosomal sub- stance, though irradiated or intoxicated, does have a definite action on cleavage especially on division of the centrosome and formation of the spindle. At the general meeting of the Societe de Biolo- gie in Paris in 1935, he gave a report stressing the original thesis of the importance of the corti- Woods Hole, Mass. vrinted by the Darwin Press, New Bedford, Mass. cal material in morphogenesis. His book, “Form and Casuality in Early Development”, expounded this thesis and pointed out that the two main fac- tors in egg morphogenesis are a cortical field and an internal gradient and that the latter is intim- ately bound with the distribution of the yolk platelets. Dr. Dalecq is now working on the fourth and last paper on a series of investigations on the role of different constituents of the egg in morphogen- esis. The main conclusion from these experi- ments on the blastula and gastrula of the Disco- glossus egg, is a demonstration of predisposed areas in these early stages. After the liberation of Belgium, Dr. Daleq or- ganized the “Universitas Belgica’, a general as- sociation of all the Belgian scientists, of which he is the honorary secretary. This is the Bel- gian branch of the International Association of University Professors and Lecturers; it hopes to collaborate with UNESCO. After visiting several former students and other embryologists, Dr. Dalcq will return to 3russels in October to rejoin his family. Dr. RrcHARD VAN CLEVE, Chief of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries of the State of California, has been appointed chief biologist of the International Pacific Fisheries Commission. PROFESSOR JoLioT-CuRIE, Director of Atomic Energy for the French Government and Chief Ad- visor of the French Delegation to the United Na- tions Atomic Energy Commission, has returned to France for consultation with the French Gov- ernment. He hopes to return in September with his wife, Madame Irene Joliot-Curie. THE M.B.L. BEACH To the Editor: The strip of land comprising the M.B.L. beach has been given to the M.B.L. as a gift for the use of the laboratory people and the town people by Mrs. Meigs and Dr. Clowes. It is not a “public” beach in the strict sense of the word, and is not designed for the use of out-of-town people, such as Sunday crowds. The beach can be improved and extended by put- ting in a breakwater at the west end as planned. The boulders on the east side were placed in the hope that sand would be induced to deposit around them by breaking the wave motion. The contour of the beach is being gradually lowered. The last heavy gale lowered its level several inches. There are de- position periods as now, but our records show that during the last 20 years the beach has receded about 30 feet. Anything that can be done to stop this ero- sion and to build up the beach should be hailed as a constructive act. At present the beach on the east side end around the boulders and on the west side of the lower boulders gives the appearance already of better sand deposits. We are hoping that the brean- water as planned by the M.B.L. Club will material- ize this fall. —S. C. Brooks — Aucusr 17, 1946] THE COLLECTING NET _ 53 ITEMS OF INTEREST Dr. THomas Hume Bissonnette, J. Pierpont Morgan Professor of Biology at Trinity College, has been named recipient of the Walker Grand Prize of $1,000 by the Boston Society of Natural History for his contributions to the study of pho- toperiodism. Dr. Bissonnette. was in charge of the invertebrate course at the Marine Biological Laboratory for several years before the war. He has recently returned from Europe where he served as one of the teachers in the university es- tablished by the U. S. Army for its troops of oc- cupation. Dr. RoBErT GAUNT, associate professor of biol- ogy at New York University, has been appointed professor of biology and head of the department at Syracuse University. Dr. Donatp Hooker, lecturer in physiology at the Johns Hopkins University and editor o1 The American Journal of Physiology and of The Physiological Reviews, died on August 13. Mr. Atrrep H. BANNER, associate professor of zoology at the University of Hawaii and a stu- dent in the M.B.L. invertebrate course, suffered a head injury in falling from the porch railing of the Old Main Building. He was released from the Cape Cod Hospital the following day and immediately resumed his work. A grant of $3,500 by the Research Corporation of New York to support the study of hydrolysis of proteins and the amino acid content of vegeta- bles and fruits under the direction of Dr. Arthur R. Kemmerer, head of the department of human nutrition, has been announced by the College of Agriculture of the University of Arizona. Dr. Frep J. SEAVER, head curator of the New York Botanical Garden, recently visited Woods Hole for several days. THE AUGUST “BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN” Annual report of the Marine Biological Labora- tory. Temporary pair formation in Paramecium bursa- rig, Claim, “ID, Ie, Observations on the functioning of the alimentary system of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis apressa Say, Carriker, Melbourne Romaine. Comparative sensitivity of sperm and eggs to ul- traviolet radiations, Arthur C. Giese. The influence of texture and composition of sur- face on the attachment of sedentary marine or- ganisms, Pomerat, C. M. and C. M. Weiss. The developmental history of Amaroeciuim con- stellatum. II. Organogenesis of larval action system, Sister Florence Marie Scott. Dr. Huco Osvatp, Professor of Plant Hus- bandry at the College of Agriculture, Uppsala, Sweden and Secretary of the Executive Commit- tee of the Seventh International Botanical Con- gress, has been visiting the U.S.A. On July 20 he was the guest of the American Officers of the Botanical Section of the International Union of 310logical Sciences (the official holdover commit- tee of the congresses) at Harvard University, with whom he discussed plans for the next Congress, This will be held in Stockholm, in the early sum- mer of 1950. Dr. Frans Verdoorn, Botanical Sec- retary of the Union has, at the request of the Executive Committee, undertaken to prepare a new international plant science register and di- rectory (along the lines of the early volumes of Chronica Botanica), this will be issued about a year before the congress. MONOGRAPH BY DR. WRINCH A monograph by Dr. Dorothy Wrinch, written largely at the Marine Biological Laboratory dur- ing the last two Summers and entitled Fourier Transforms and Structure Factors, has just been published by the American Society for X-Ray and Electron Diffraction. The monograph, part of a long-term research on the structure of the native proteins, has two aspects. On the one hand, it is presented as a contribution to the study of structure factors—or Fourier transforms—of atomic groupings which occur frequently in a wide variety of crystals, both organic and inorganic. Thus special attention is given to such cases as tetrahedral, octohedral and hexagonal arrays of like atoms. A section on the structure factors of small crystals is also in- cluded. On the other hand, it is presented as a contri- bution to the x-ray analysis of magamolecular crystals. These crystals confront crystallography with a new problem, since the structure of the molecules and indeed, to some extent, even the composition of the molecules is unknown. It ts the belief of the author that a systematic study of what may be called the language of structure fac- tors is a necessary preliminary to the interpreta- tion of the intensity maps of crystals made up of megamolecules of unknown structure. In_ the sequel the structure factors of distributions of dif- ferent structural types are recorded. Such math- ematical facts provide material for the study of the relationship between distributions and their structure factors, the fundamental theme through- out the monograph. 54 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XIX, No. 3 THE GENERAL SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS AT MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY The following papers composed the General Scientific Meeting on August 23 and 24: Correlated Histories of Individual Seitse Or- gans and their Nerves, as seen in living frog tad- poles, C. C. SpEIDEL; Some Properties of Puri- ned Squid Visual Pigment, A. F. Bitss,; “Accom- modation” and Opening Excitation in Muscle and Nerve, Evidence for Enzymatic Parcipation in The Penetration of the Human Erythrocyte by Glycerol, P. G. LeFevre; Arterial Anastomoses, FE. R. Crark and ELEaNor L, CLark. Vascular Reactions to Ergonovine Maleate as seen directly with the Microscope in the Living Mammal, R. G. Asett; Effects of Prolongea Starvation on the Lipids in Phascolosoma gouldii, C. G. Wivser; The Effect of Halogenated Alkyl Amines on the Respiration of Sea Urchin Sperm and Eggs, E. S. G. Barron, H. NARAHARA, E. G. Menpes; The Effect of Uranyl Nitrate on the Respiration of Sea Urchin Sperm, D. BEeNeEpIc1 and E. S. G. Barron; The Distribution of Lipid between the Light and Heavy Halves of the Ar- bacia Egg, F. R. Hunter and A. K. PARpAr: ; A Photometric study of the kietics of fibrin Form- ation, J. LEIN. The Effect of Roentgen Radiation on Photo- plasmic Viscosity Changes During Mitosis, W. L. Witson, The Effects of U. V. Rays on Styela Eggs, ALtBerr Datcg; Protoplasmic Clotting m Isolated Muscle Fibers, A. A. Woopwarp; Stud- ies on the Viscosity and Elasticity of Striated Muscle, MANFRED Brust; The Effect of Iodoace- tate on the Changes in Muscular Latency In- duced by Activity, A. Sanpow ; Biological Speci- ficity and the Synthesis of Native Proteins D. WrincH; A Correlation between Gill Surface THE WOODS HOLE COMMUNITY HALL The Woods Hole Community Association is soliciting $2,879.00 this summer for the purpose of renovating and repairing the Community Hall. This amount includes the cost of repairing leaks in the roof; installing new lighting fixtures in the upper and lower halls; improving the heating sy- stem by the addition of storm windows and doors; plastering above the stage and in the up- per hall: screenine the windows of the upper hall to provide for athletic activities; obtaining new curtains for the stage; a new pool table and a phonograph. Donations to provide for the improvements to the Hall may be made to Mrs. Oscar Hilton, the Treasurer of the Association. as well as the reg- ular membership dues of $1.00 annually. and Activity in Marine Fishes, I. E. Gray; Nu- clear Membrane Formation, etc. in Chaos chaos and C. neos, A. A. SCHAEFFER. Certain Aspects of the Physiology and Histolo- gy of Luminescence in the “Railroad Worm”, J. 3. Buck; A Comparative Study of Cholinester- ase Activity in Norman and Genitically Deficient embryos of Drosophila, E. J. Bortt; Hormone Regulation of Dehydrogenase Activity of Crusta- cean Tissues, E. Kuntz; Possible Metabolic and Physical-Chemical Factors in the Production or the Injury Potential in Spider Crab Nerve, A. M. Sianes; Some Effects of Tannic Acid on Osmotic Hemolysis, T. H. Witson and M. H. Jacoss; Shape Changes in the Denuded Nereis Egg Preceding First Cleavage, A. T. Jones; Ef- fect of Caffeine Concentration upon Retardation of Arbacia development, R. H. CHENEY. Demonstrations Quantitative Micro-Colorimetric Anaylsis in Volumes of O.lec, ARNOLD LazARow; Electron Microscope Pictures of Human and Invertebrate Spermatozoa, ALBert TyLer; A Photoelectric Counter for Use with the Microscope, D. M. Litty; Simplified Ultraviolet | Microscopy, Georce I. Lavin; Cartesian Diver and Filler Magnetic Flea Stirrer and Microburette, C. L. Crarr; A Sample Filter for use with the M. B. L. Sea Water System, ©. Hy DAgnyandpagre Litrte; Mutants and Mosaics of Habrobracon Life History of the Melittobia, P. W. Wuitrne and ANNA R. WHiTtINe. The papers were presented in the Auditorium; the demonstrations in the rooms of the demons- trators. This is the first General Scientific Meer- ing that has been held since the war began. THE M.B.L. FAUNAL AND FLORAL FILE One of the chief purposes of the M.B.L. Faunal and Floral File Catalogue is to record systemati- cally for the entire year the reproductive and eco- logical habits and also the basic experimental reac- tions of the marine animals and plants of the Woods Hole area. For more than thirty years such records have not been kept up-to-date. In addition to certain confusions, this has resulted in repeating many ele- mentary time-consuming observations of animal and plant reactions. For the benefit of investigators and students it is requested that the Faunal and Floral Cards be fillel as completely and accurately as possible and returned to the Naturalist. Only in this way, can the Laboratory build and maintain a useful and practical guide. —D.Z. Aucust 17, 1946] _THE COLLECTING NET tn on A NEW FACTOR FROM. THE ADRENAL INFLUENCING FAT DEPOSITION IN THE LIVER Dr. KATHERINE A, BROWNELL Research Associate, Ohio State University Starvation in the normal mouse leads to a large deposition of fat in the liver. This fails to occur after adrenalectomy, With these facts as a basis we have developed a test for a fat factor in vari- ous fractions prepared from ox adrenals. The method is briefly as follows: Adrenalect- omized mice are fed for 24 hours then fasted to: 2+ hours. During this 48 hour period they arc injected every six hours with 0.2 cc of the prepar- ation to be tested. Two to three hours after the final injection, the livers are removed and the to- tal lipid determined gravimetrically. Over 30 fractions from the adrenal gland, in- cluding crystalline compounds, have been tested by this method. The table shows results on adre- nalectomuzed untreated animals, two fractions, a whole extract from which these fractions wei taken and three crystalline compounds already proven to have glyconeogenic potency. Both fractions are crude being specific in only one re- spect, namely, that the carbohydrate factor frac tion has no electrolyte potency and the sodium factor fraction no glyconeogenic potency. The only fraction that gave a highly significant re- sponse was that containing the carbohydrate fac- tor. The low response given by whole extract, we attribute to inhibiting substances, three of which have been tested. Since the liver fat response was given almost exclusively by the carbohydrate factor fraction, some of the crystalline compounds having glycu neogenic properties were tried to determine wheth- er or not they were responsible. The table shows that the only one used which gave a significant response was dehydrocorticosterone; a 25% in- crease over the control level and in order to obtain this response, two and one-half times as much pure substance (0.96 mgm) was used as that estimated to be present in our carbohydrate factor fraction (0.35 mgm). The other two compounds; corti- costerone and 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticoster- one gave liver fat responses only on the border- line of significance and to obtain even these small responses two to two and one-half times as much material was used as that estimated to be presenr in the carbohydrate factor fraction. The fourth known glyconeogenic compound, hydroxycortico- sterone, we were unable to test because of the lack of material. There remain two possibilities: (1) That hy- droxycorticosterone is the fat factor. If so, the effect on fat metabolism is a new property; (Z) that there is in the carbohydrate factor fraction a new factor regulating fat deposition in the liver. Effect of Adrenal Fractions on Deposition of Fat in the Liver No.of Total Increase Treatment Animals Lipid % % Adect. untreated 29 6.31 Carbo. Factor Fraction* 15 8.42 33 Na Factor Fraction 7 6.74 9 Whole Extract* 7 TS 13 Dehydrocorticosteronez 8 7.87 25 Corticosteronet 8 7.11 13 17-hydroxy-11-dehydro- corticosterone? 7 6.87 9 “The extracts represent 300 gms. tissue per cc. tThe solutions of crystals represent 0.6 mgm. solid per cc. STEPS IN THE VISUAL CYCLE (Continued from Page 45) rhodopsin is an unstable lipid, appropriately called Transient Orange. This complex lipid has been subjected to numerous chemical tests by Krause. It bleaches rapidly at room temperature to another lipid with properties suggested by its name, Indi- cator Yellow. This substance is bright red in acid, and pale yellow in base. At low tempera- tures it reacts to pH very slowly. The spectral ab- sorption maxima and the similar effect of base on Transient Orange and Indicator Yellow at 3°C suggest that the primary product of bleaching rho- dopsin is the acid tautomer of Indicator Yellow. In the meantime, the end products of the bleach- ing cycle were studied by Wald, who found that retinas, shaken with petroleum ether soon after bleaching, yielded a greenish yellow carotenoid, retinene. After standing for an hour following bleaching by light, retinene was no longer found but was replaced by Vitamin A. Retinene, how- ever, seems not to be a normal component of the visual cycle, but rather the result of a side reac- tion of the acid tautomer of Indicator Yellow. which has been followed in chloroform extracts. In the retina or in fresh neutral extracts retin- ene does not accumulate. Instead the acid Indica- tor Yellow bleaches, and is replaced by Vitamin A. This conversion is effected by a labile protein. The formation of Vitamin A is the predominant final bleaching step in the excised retina or in fresh extracts. In the dark there is a partial re- generation of visual purple through the Indicator Yellow stage. It is not as yet known whether Vitamin A participates in the partial regeneration found under these conditions. In the living ani- mal there occurs an extended regeneration of rho- dopsin from Vitamin A stored in the black pig- ment epithelium during light adaptation.? ‘Greenberg and Popper, Am. J. Phys. (1941). 56 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XIX, No. 3 SCHMID HAND MODEL MICROTOME KNIFE SHARPENER For operation by the glass plate and abrasive method of Minot and Fanz Clamp for knives not provided with threaded hole in back. 7207-N. Schmid Hand Sharpener for use with Knives with threaded hole in back, MICROTOME KNIFE SHARPENER,Schmid Hand Model. For operation by the glass plate and abrasive method as first suggested by Minot and later developed by Fanz. See N. Graham Stabler, “A New Device for Honing Microtone Knives on Glass,’ The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol. XVII, No. 4 (January, 1932), p. 378. The Hand Sharpener consists of a vertical support of Stainless steel mounted on a fibre bar and two rods of Stainless steel, with wooden handle, one rod threaded for direct inser- tion into the hole in back of Schmid Knives 80 and 110 mm, and the other rod threaded for insertion either in Schmid knives 125 to 250 mm, incl., or in the back of Knife Clamp for knives not provided with hole in back. The knife, or knife clamp is attached to the rod, which is placed in the vertical support at an angle determined by insertion in one of a series of eight holes. The support is moved by hand, in a diagonal direction, on the polished glass base plate. After each stroke, the knife is lifted and reversed as indicated. The use of a honing guide or back is entirely obviated and the necessary skill—much less than required for stone honing—is quickly acquired. j The upper glass or grinding plate, on which the abrasive solution is spread, is 14 inches square x 14-inch thick, with plane matte surface on one side and polished on the other. The glass base plate is 28 inches long x 14 inches wide x 14 inch thick, with surface polished and edges ground . The following abrasives and accessories are supplied with each outfit: 1 Brush, bristle, flat, 1-inch 1 Wooden Rack, for above tubes 2 Brushes, Camels Hair, flat, 2-inch 1 Ib. Turkish Emery, FFF 1 Petri Dish, Pyrex brand glass, 100 x 15 mm 1 Ib. White Rouge (Silicon Dioxide) 6 Test Tubes, 300 x 15 mm 4 oz. Glycerine, c.p., neutral 98% 7207-N. Microtome Knife Sharpener, Schmid Hand Model, as above described, complete outfit for use with Schmid knives with threaded hole in back, consisting of sharpener with two Stainless steel rods. glass base plate and upper grinding plate and outfit of abrasives and accessories. With detailed directions fOr USEC.............ccscccssssscsscessessessecseessscseeesseees 30.75 7207-P. Ditto, but with the addition of Knife Clamp for use with knives not provided with threaded hole in back. Takes knives up to 12 mm thickness of back..........c0000- 43.25 ARTHUR H. THOMAS COMPANY RETAIL—WHOLESALE—EXPORT LABORATORY APPARATUS AND REAGENTS WEST WASHINGTON SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A. Cable Address, BALANCE, Philadelphia Aueust 17, 1946] {0-0-0 ED 0-0 0D) D0 D0 D0 (0 04 Nuclear Fission and Atomic Energy Edited by DR. WILLIAM E. STEPHENS Assistant Professor of Physics, University of Penn. A penetrating analysis of the general theory of nuclear fission and atomic energy incorpor- ating the latest available information on pile designs and chain reactions, together with a discussion of the potentialities of fission tech- nique. The Book Holds Much Interest for the Biologist | Partial list of topics treated: Productio.-, | Dynamics and Theory of Fission; Fission Pro- ducts; Heavy Nuclei; Slow and Fast Neutron Chain Reactions, Separation of Isotopes; Chemical Separation Methods; Isolation of Plutonium; Potentialities of Fission Technique and the Biblography. Among the 29 tables are ones bearing the following titles: Cross Sections for Thermal Neutrons, Possible Stable Isotope Tracers, Slow Neutron Produced Radioactivities of Long Half-Life, Pile Yields of Some Isotopes and Fission products of Long Half-Life. 225 pages (approx.), 47 figures, 29 tables. published in October $4.00 THE SCIENCE PRESS Penn. Woods Hole, Mass. OE 0D 0D 0D 0 0 EC 0 To be Lancaster, Announcing POP LLL LLL LLL LOD LL SS, The magazine does not print the results of original research, believing that scientists pre- fer not to dilute articles of permanent refer- ence value with material of more or less transi- tory interest. It does not overlap the functions of any other news journal, except in a very mi- nor way; the news is selected especially for biol- ogists. The notes are fuller than those usually printed—more intimate and often illustrated. Planned for the Busy Biologist eparimentalication enables the busy biolo- gist to pick out quickly the items of especial in- Net and its editor for eighteen years. foundation issue will be published in October. Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts CRP LOLOL LOD POP OPO LE LLG OL LLL ODL LLL LD LELL EL LOLI LE THE COLLECTING Tue BroLocicaAL SCIENTIST is unique among scientific publications. view and news journal in the field of the biological sciences and a report upon the activities of biologists and their institutions. Tue BroLocicat Scientist will be edited by Ware Cattell, The cost of an annual subscription is $4.00. The NET 57 20: 0D a RD) ORD ERODES) ET 1S ODOT ED DEED fe i DEPENDABLE | UNIFORMITY i Obtained from the late Dr. these guinea pigs are the result of 9 years of intensive inbreeding in our hands. A small colony is maintained and animals are available in limited numbers for research workers who wish to use a better tool. CARWORTH FARMS, INC. NEW CITY ROCKLAND CO. NEW YORK Hans Zinsser ! | | ! | | 7 ad THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENTIST An illustrated Review and News Journal in the Biological Sciences 3riefly, it is a re- a survey of current problems terest. The departments are many and varied: (1) Reviews of Current Research. (2) Bio- logical Laboratories. (3) “The Collecting Net” (news of marine laboratories). (4) New Books. (5) New Apparatus. (6) Science Legislation. (7) Science in the Press—Right and Wrong. (8) Quotations. (9) News Notes. (10) Bio-items. (11) Editorial Comment. (12) Letters from Biologists. (13) Reports on Meetings. (14) Calendar of Meetings. (15) Technique Tid-Bits (16) The Teaching Biologist. (17) Forthcom- ing Articles in Other Magazines. (18) Cartoons; Verse; Humor. (19) Trade Literature. founder of THE COLLECTING THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENTIST The Science Press Lancaster, Penna. 58 THE COLLECTING NET [ Vor. XIX, No. 3 Ideal Combination for Biology Classes Use of this up-to-date text with the companion laboratory guide by the same au- thors insures the student a fund of knowledge gained by actual experience. The ma- . terial and its presentation carries with it the method and spirit of the lecture room and --laboratory. *Parker and Clarke's 2nd Edition INTRO- Parker and Clarke’s 2nd Edition LABO- | | DUCTION TO ANIMAL BIOLOGY — RATORY INSTRUCTIONS IN GEN- 532 pages, 172 illustrations................. $3.75 ERAL BIOLOGY—148 pages........... $1.50 by JOHN B. PARKER, Ph.D. and JOHN J. CLARKE, Ph.D., The Catholic University of America Copies Sent for Consideration on Request The C. V. MOSBY, Company 3207 WASHINGTON BLVD. 720 POST STREET ST. LOUIS 3, MO. SAN FRANCISCO 9, CALIF. +f) <0 ee 0 eEOCGEDO. THE BIRD This modern, efficient and dependable electrically driven kymograph is the choice of many leading colleges and re- KYMOGRAPH search laboratories. Its four speeds range from 2.2 to 270 cm. per minute. The drive is obtained from a shaded pole induction motor requiring a minimum of attention, which as- sures years of trouble-free operation. No. A70-060. For 110 volt, 60 cycle, alternating current ...............05 72.00 Oe 0-0 a 0D 0 a UD 0. THE MANNING PNEUMOGRAPH A modification of the original Marey model as recom- mended by Dr. J. H. Manning, Professor Emeritus of the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. The corru- gated rubber tubing greatly increases sensitivity over that obtainable with previous pneumographs. With the Manning pneumograph, excellent respiration records have ‘been ob- tained from rabbits. No. A70-930, Each $6.00 Write for our latest catalog PHIPPS AND BIRD, Inc. Manufacturers of Physiological Equipment RICHMOND, VIRGINIA oe em 00>.) 0) 0 0-0-0 0 0-0 ee _——— AucGust 17, 1946] A MICROSCOPE FOR EACH Spencer Stereoscopic Microscopes provide a complete microscope op- tical system for each eye, thereby creating vivid depth perception. They are noted for large field... brilliant resolution ... great depth of focus. Magnifications range from THE COLEECIING NEL /EYE 6x to 144x. 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BAUSCH 6 LOMB ESTABLISHED 1853 i Me i) ANNE 2 TAS at 4 E Ae 4 \ f x N i i ‘ i ‘ 7 t p= ‘ K ; . j ¥ « ‘ \ i 12 ~ ) = i + 5 { + y Py l f ¥ y F bi wt : } pi i m ‘ 1 * t ¢ 7 yi at / by : 1) , } ; i fe é i re | 3 \ ay » 4 a { , ¥ te » att ~ ‘ 4 ‘ + \ t » S04 “ ay N i : } nf \ ‘, i ¢ ‘ J ’ vy ‘ " vd ft , 7 ‘ Sore e ener tns Speers err