Mh aN = ml Mull 1953 MAY Vol.15, No.5 Lu VU > ac uu Te) Lu Li aj (aa) = a) Cc © aE ik Li United States Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE DOUGLAS MCKAY, SECRETARY ALBERT M. DAY, DIRECTOR COMMERCIAL Fis REVIEY A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BRANCH OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES A. W. Anderson, Editor R. T. Whitteleather, Associate Editor J. Pileggt and J. J. O'Brien, Assistant Editors Mailed free to members of the fishery and allied industries. Address correspond- ence and requests to the: Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Publication of material from sources outside the Service is not an endorsement. The Service is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of this publication have not been copyrighted and may be re- printed freely, reference to the source will be appreciated. The printing of this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, November 5, 1952. CONTENTS COVER: SCALLOP DRAGGERS TIED UP TO A DOCK IN NEW BEDFORD, MASS., NOW THE LARGEST SEA SCALLOP PORT IN THE WORLD. THE PAST TWO DECADES HAVE WITNESSED ABOUT A TENFOLD I N= CREASE IN NEW ENGLAND'S PRODUCTION OF SEA SCALLOPS. PAGE STATUS OF NEW ENGLAND SEA-SCALLOP FISHERY, BY ERNEST D. PREMETZ AND GEORGE We SNOW .oeose 1 SALMON TAGGING BY THE 1952 JAPANESE NORTH PACIFIC FISHING EXPEDITION, BY C. J. BURNER eee 18 +s et k& et ® PAGE PAGE RESEARCH IN SERVICE LABORATORIES? ececcecceeec 20 | TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (conTD.): PROGRESS ON PROJECTS, APRIL 1953 .ccocoee 20 U. S. CANNED PACK OF SELECTED FISHERY TECHNICAL NOTE NO. 26--GLAZING BRINE- PRODUCTS, 1952: FROZENMSALMONErcleletevetoiclelcleleielel ocicioteielaletstevatsin24- SALMON CANNED IN PACIFIC COAST STATES Si7/ TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: .wcccccececececcees 20 MAINE SARDINES (1 NCLUD ING SEA HERRING) 38 ADDITIONS TO THE FLEET OF U. S. FISHING FAllSHBROEWANDMGANVINTARGtoleielelcieleleleletcielctaleleler se VESS EUS rcroreierenavelevcleiavetevaleloleioreletereverorevetcheloKcret tO ANIMAL FOOD FROM FISHERY PRODUCTS ..-.. 39 ALASKA FUR=-SEAL SKIN PRICES DECLINE U. S. PRODUCTION OF SELECTED BYPRODUCTS: SHARPLY AT SPRING AUCTION .wccccoecverce 20 ~ OYSTER AND MARINE=CLAM SHELL PRODUCTS 40 CALIFORNIA: FRESH-WATER MUSSEL-SHELL BUTTONS eeeoee 41 SiVAVIEMIIA GStiUNAlstelenateterelevelerclelelotetetoleteletetererenmarcn/s MARINE PEARL-SHELL BUTTONS .cccccerere 42 RESEARCH VESSEL YELLOWFIN FINDS ABA=- U. S. SHRIMP IMPORTS , Vee Gonodconcan. 2S! LONE IN POOR CONDITION IN CHANNEL 1IS- WHORESAIESIPRINGESrereterotslelicielcleteteleleleletclelalelslenm-4. WANDEREGION) 010 ciclalelatc ole vloielcie'sielsjels ele ble sien ik LORE GNsiitalaleleleleteleteleteletalelelclicleleielateielalutelarelststst=nmmeLO YELLOWFIN STUDIES SARDINE ABUNDANCE OFF INTERNATIONAL: MOWERMGCAIEIRORNWAttoretercletorcloletelciatctelsherckelersieran iz, UNITED NATIONS: VERHOWMAIE DA GGED Mictejcteteicioleteleisietalcloteielevereremte) FISH FLOUR AS MILK SUBSTITUTE ecceorcee 46 FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS: AUSTRALIA: FRESH ANDO FROZEN FISH PURCHASES BY DE= WHALING SEASON SUCCESSFUL IN 1952 .wece 46 PARTMENT OF THE ARMY: CANADA: MARCH OSS) qaliS SZ uaetetetcherereveletelcletereteverciercions 29 UNITED KINGDOM TO BUY BRITISH COLUMBIA GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM: CANNED SAIEMONE icin clerelelalicleielatslelatclrielelatelwistenme-ies BAIT FISHING FOR TUNA TO BE TRIED BY SEAL HUNTING PLANS FOR 1953 wccocscecvce 48 OREGON (CRUISE NO. 19) ........000000- 30] EGYPT: METAL CANS=--SHIPMENTS FOR FISHERY PROD] FISHERMEN'S COOPERATIVES PLANNED .eo5end 49 UCTS, FEBRUARYSODSipclarelslslateteterele sleloleleterste 31 GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERY |INVESTIGAT1ONS: TUNA FREEZERSHIP TO OPERATE OFF PERU . 49 ALBATROSS |Il FISHES FOR YOUNG OCEAN | CELAND: PERCH (CRUISE NO. 47B) slolelolclelaleleleielelcteismmeoil EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, VEE Goo 3} ele) NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY MOTOR BOAT CURRENCY RETENTION SCHEME PROGRAM: EXTENDED mote lcleicreterelelviclolievelcjelelelatelalelstajuistalemet oO) JOHN N. COBB MAKES GOOD SHRIMP CATCHES FISH PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION, 19 52anoe, IN ALASKAN WATERS (CRUISE NO. 15) .... 31 JAPAN: NORWEGIAN SARDINES PROMOTED IN MAJOR POLICY ON TUNA EXPORTS IN 1953 occcoce 52 UlemSii MARKED Si sterelelchersvolenslevetcharsiarsharoretelelsiaremmeae, PROPOSAL TO REMOVE FUR-SEALING BAN ... 53 PACIFIC OCEANIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS: PEARL-SHELL FISHING IN ARAFURA SEA HUGH M. SMITH STUDIES OCEANOGRAPHY AS POSTIRONED ielste cterclcl cletelel cies a} cnelclelelelelereiajersiinl > RELATED TO SKI PJACK TUNA |N HAWAIIAN MALAYA: WATERS (CRUISE NO. 20) Miatoteiavateislcletctstelei mee, EXPERIMENTS WITH RING=NET FISHING GEAR 54 SERV!CE COMPLETES STUDY OF DOMESTIC TUNA MEXICO: HNDUSTIRYeitetelote olelelclelelaletetelelerelcielaielereleicralererereneo REVIEW OF THE FISHERIES, 1940-49 ..... 55 U. S.~ PRODUCTION OF PACKAGED FISH, 1952 34 S!INALOA SHRIMP FISHERY TRENDS , FEB.1953 57 CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 79 "i" ut mn [een | | = = => = May 1953. Washington 25, D.C. Vol.15 ,No.5 STATUS OF NEW ENGLAND SEA-SCALLOP FISHERYL/ By Ernest D. Premetz* and George W. Snow** CONTENTS PAGE PAGE SOUTHEAST GEORGES .ccccecceereroeecere SOUTHWEST GEORGES ...cresererccccecoee NANTUCKET SHOALS .,ceccecvccerceccssece OFF FIRE ISLAND INLET wc cceccrcccrccere ABUNDANCE .orccesececccerc vecrevcseserere THE FUTURE OF THE SCALLOP FISHERY .c.roce SUMMARY ccccscccccrcccrere sesesessvesoos LITERATURE CITED ccccorseercvarerorcvece INTRODUCTION .creccceneccorcecsceecceerese UNITED STATES LANDINGS .cccoccrcrcrccecccre COMPARISON BY REGIONS .crorocvscsevevece NEW BEDFORD LANDINGS AND FISHING AREAS: .. STELLWAGEN OR MIDDLE BANK .ccorrccevceee WESTERN SIDE OF SOUTH CHANNEL .c-ceccere CULTIVATOR SHOALS cosnecccverercrecsccce NORTHERN EDGE .ccccerercceccrercrorcrora NOADRWNN JIoaondNtvn =k FIGURE 1 - TWO SCALLOPERS-=REDSTART AND CHRISTINA J.--TIED UP AT A NEW BEDFORD DOCK GETTING READY FOR ANOTHER TRIP. FISHERY RESEARCH BIOLOGIST, NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS, BRANCH OF FISHERY BIO- * LOGY, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WOODS HOLE, MASS. FISHERY MARKETING SPECIALIST, STATISTICAL SECTION, BRANCH OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, NEW BEDFORD, MASS. 1/PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF THE ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION. NOTE: ONLY THE SEA SCALLOP'S LARGE MUSCLE THAT CONTRQLS THE SHELL MOVEMENTS 1S MARKETED. SCALLOPS ARE SHUCKED AND THE LARGE MUSCLES (CALLED EYES ) CUT OUT ABOARD THE VESSEL, BUT THE REMAINDER 1S GENERALLY DISCARDED. THEREFORE, THE SCALLOP MEATS LANDED REPRESENT ONLY A SMALL PROPORTION OF THE GROSS OR NET WEIGHT OF THE SCALLOPS. 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 INTRODUCTION The giant or sea scallop, Pecten grandis (Solander) ,2/ is today one of New England's major fishery resources. The past two decades have witnessed about a tenfold rise in production-~al- most 20 million pounds of scal- lop meats, valued in excess of 9 million dollars, were landed in the peak year of 1950. The industry has in past years expressed concern for the future of the fishery. Although the over-all production trend has been upward, there has been a general belief among scallop fishermen that production was maintained at the expense of de- pletion of certain grounds .and that the present rate of fishing would result in ultimate deple- tion of all areas, Fishermen have reported that in many areas they are forced to work longer FIGURE 2 - A CLOSE-UP VIEW OF A TYPICAL NEW BEDFORD : SCALOP DRAGGER (MOONLIGHT) IN PORT. to get a trip. Recognizing the need for a more adequate knowledge of this fishery, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in July 1943 instituted routine collection of data rela- tive to the fishery at New Bedford, Mass., now the world's largest sea scallopport. Since that date, skippers of scallop draggers landing at the port of New Bedford have been interviewed by a representative of the Fish and Wildlife Service. The information obtained includes the sailing and landing date, grounds and depths fished, actual fishing time ,3/ and quantity of scallop meats landed. From these basic data it is now possible to present a general picture of the activities of the scallop fleet as it has shifted from ground to ground and to obtain some in- formation on the changing abundance of scallops in different areas during the past nine years. Members of the scallop industry have asked that some regulation be applied to the fishery in order to insure maintenance of the high productivity which has characterized the operations over the past years. Before any recommendations for conservation measures can be made, two basic questions must be answered: (1) Are there signs of depletion on the scallop grounds? (2) How long can the grounds withstand present fishing intensity? An answer to the first question can be given on the basis of the interview data collected over the past nine years. The second question cannot be fully an- swereduntil more is learned about the biology of the sea scallop. UNITED STATES LANDINGS In table 1 are tabulated the United States landings of sea scallops (meats only) by state and region for all years since 1889 for which recordsare available, 2/THE CORRECT SCIENTIFIC NAME OF THE SEA SCALLOP HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF CONSIDERABLE DEBATE. MODERN TAXONOMISTS SEEM TO AGREE ON PECTEN GRANDIS (SOLANDER). OTHER NAMES FOUND IN LITERA- ,TURE ARE P.,MAGELLANICUS (GMELIN) AND P. TENUICOSTATUS (MIGHELS). 3/ DAYS FISHED AS USED IN THIS REPORT INCLUDES TIME SPENT IN,ACTUAL FISHING AND MOVEMENT FROM GROUND TO GROUND, BUT DOES NOT INCLUDE TIME SPENT JOGGING DURING ADVERSE WEATHER. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 There are only sporadic records from 1889 to 1929. From 1929 to the present the records are fairly complete. The variations in U. S. landings from 1929 through 1952 are shown graphically in figure 3. 20 (ep) a = Co} jet, So 10 5 2 7 = eo? = if —o fo) ae Nv i 5 x, Vek. Le e= —@ 0 = 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 FIGURE 3 - TOTAL UNITED STATES LANDINGS OF SEA SCALLOPS (MEATS ONLY), 1929-52. We note that landings rose from slightly over 2 million pounds of scallop meats in 1929 (the first year for which we have complete statistics) to almost 20 million pounds in 1950, reaching an initial peak of about 10 million pounds in1939, dropping during World War II to slightly less than 5 million pounds in 1944, and then rising rapidly to the peak in 1950. Landings decreased in 1951, and in 1952 dropped to about 17 million pounds--the lowest since 1948. COMPARISON BY REGIONS: In the early years of the fishery by far the greatest portion of the United States sea-scallop catch was landed in the New England States, but with the discovery of scallop beds off Long Island in the early 1920's, the Middle Atlantic ports assumed leadership. Many of the boats fishing theNew England area (principally off the Maine coast) moved their base of operations. It was not until the middle 1930's that the New England landings again exceeded the Middle Atlantic catch. This was not due to a shift from Middle Atlantic ports becausethe landings in these ports also increased up to 1938. The increased landings in New England were due to the discovery of scallop beds on Georges Bank and the development of markets for the product. Most of this catcn was landed in Massachusetts ports. As indicated in table 1, Massachusetts 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 landings which had generally been well under one million pounds of scallop meats jumped to almost 5 million pounds in 1937. Table 1 - U. S. Landings of Sea Scallops (Meats Only) by State and Region, 689-1952 New England Middle Atlantic Total Ches-/Total Atlan- apeakel/ | tic States TE as Sa EB er Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 1952 13,319,000 X|42,400 x - 17,170,254 1951 13,565,878 |67,300 = 18,610,181 19,888,024 18,287,800 16,636,200 14,654,100 11,617,100 “5,710,800 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 13,186,200 13, 468, 900 11,985,700 12,524,600 9 1945 3,920,200 1944 4,158,700 4,868, 700 1943 4,609,500 5,528,900 1942 7,183,000 6,007,200 + 7,864,500 7,642,800 9,788,500 8,909,300 8,722,600 * 1941 1940 2,184, 400 2,590,500 2,944,800 2,818,700 * 4, 510,200 * 373,589 240,234 154,364 4,427,921 3,343,762 2,533,188 1,029,097 869,634 493,663 510,738 446 ,280 2,471,860 119,124 * * a 138,600 * eH * 1/VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND, 3NO DATA AVAILABLE. NO BREAKDOWN BY STATE OR REGION. X ESTIMATED. - NO LANDINGS REPORTED. During World War II New England production declined, then picked up again in 1946, and increased to an all-time record of almost 15 million pounds in 1952. Most of the postwar production in New England was landed in the vort of New Redford, Massa- chusetts. Table 2 = Comperison of Landings of Sea Scallops (Meats Only) at New Bedford, Mass., with Atlantic ___ Coast States 1938-52 Percentage landed at New Bedford Middle Atlantic landings after the War rose to a peak of over 6 million pounds in1950 and then declined to a little over 2 million pounds in 1952. Yes New Atlantic fel IRedford| Coast NEW BEDFORD LANDINGS AND FISHING AREAS The principal scallop port for many years, especially since 1941, has been New Bedford. Landings at this port are compared with those for the entire Atlantic Coast for the years 1938 through 1952 in table 2. Most of the studies included in this report are basedon an analysis of landings in New Bedford from 1944 through 1952, during which period New Bedford received from 60 to 82 percent of the total At- lantic Coast scallop production, Scallops landed at New Bedford are taken largely from eight of the statistical subareas May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 established by the North American Council for Fishery Investigations as revised in 1943 (Rounsefell 1948)--fig. 4. Landings from each of these areas for the years 1944 through 1952 are given in table 3. ———— ee GEORGES BANK ‘Klgeh. STATISTICAL SUBAREAS, | ~ XXII-M 8394 SA | ar NS Lape Sot SF d iS One Me ew, i aah = eo! - ’ woe SOUTHWEST PART DAN) | NANTUCKET SHOALS = vie XXII-N f Ke ¢ XXII-O ela -—— y ‘S hee oe yo ot », “\. 90 LY rm. 7 x rx. i D z \\ at ay) AT HO — ’ J) coy cd Meee i SOS - Ty eee / Tae -b~ —_ tld M ap va) i Se ae 4 -4 i) & ca CS ~. - ‘ | et ee ! 3} ios —— SS = EE Eo 7 70 69 68 67° 66° FIGURE 4 - REVISED STATISTICAL SUBAREAS ADOPTED IN 1943 FOR BIOSTATISTICAL DATA. Tne fluctuations in the percentage contributions of the various areas to the New Bedford landings are not, of course, reliable indicators of depletion or abun- dance. The amount of fishing in any given area will be determined to some extent Table 3 - New Bedford (Mass.) Landings of Sea Scallops (Meats) by Area of Catch, 1944-52 Stellwagen or Cultivator] Northern|Southeast| Southeast |Nantucket| Off Fire Total Y Unit] Middle Bank Shoals Edge Georges | Georges Shoals |Island Inlet All XXII-E XXII-H) XXII-J) | (XXII-M) | (XXTI-N) | (xxTI-0 XXIII Areas Lbs. 12109") 9257735095 Wee feel sae 22.9 Lbs. 126,023 44,700 742,021 to 8.5 18.0 51.0 Se 20 14.0 220 100.0 ral ie | seo | io. | o6 | and | oo | ond | to 1.0 6.0 10.0 58.0 10.0 5.0 12.0 100.0 & Gt 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 by the relative productivity of adjacent areas. It is, therefore, possible that a productive area may be neglected for some period of time if neighboring areas are found to be more profitably fished. STELLWAGEN OR MIDDLE BANK (Statistical Subarea XXII-E): This area contributes very little to the landings at at New Bedford. In only one of the nine years under FIGURE 5 = A TYPICAL SCALLOP DREDGE USED BY NEW BEDFORD DRAGGERS. consideration was more than 1 percent of the total catch landed from this area. The fishery on Stellwagen Bank is conducted chiefly by the smaller vessels oper- ating out of Provincetown and other Cape Cod ports. WESTERN SIDE OF SOUTH CHANNEL (Statistical Subarea XXI]-G): The beds in this area are located in the vicinity of #10 Buoy, Half-Moon Shoal, and along the Bottom of South Channel. In 1944, 6 percent of the total catch came from this ares. In subsequent years, the contribution of this area increased, until more than 20 per- cent of the total came from here in 1949. The production from this area decreased slightly in 1956 and 1951, and then increased again in 1952, with almost 23 percent of the catch originating here in that year. ad CULTIVATOR SHOALS (Statis- tical Subarea XXII-H): This ground contributed 10 percent of the catch in 1944, 18 percent in 1945, and about 11 percent in each of the next two years. Sub- sequent years saw only minor land- ings from this area. An increase was noted in 1951, when morethan 6 percent of the total catchcame from this area, but in 1952 the catch from this ground dropped again. FIGURE 6 = THE DRAGGER ARNOLD BEING FITTED WITH A NEW SCALLOP DREDGE AT A NEW BEDFORD SHIPYARD. May 1955 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 NORTHERN EDGE (Statisticel Subarea XXII-J): In the earlier years, 1944-47, this was the most important scallop area, accounting for 45 to 70 percent of the catch. In each of the next two years, 1948 and 1949, this area contributed between 36 and 37 percent of the catch, and in 1950 about 18 percent. During the next two years production increased. In 1952 over 40 percent of the total catch came from here. SOUTHEAST GEORGES (Statistical Subarea XXII-M): These beds accounted for 10 percent of the total catch in 1944, but in subsequent years a considerable decline in landings was noted, until 1947 when less than 1 percent of the total catch came from here. In 1948 there was a tremendous increase, with almost 23 percent of the total catch coming from these beds. In following years the landings from thisarea varied greatly, declining to about 1 percent in 1949 and jumping to over 26 percent of the New Bedford landings in 1952. SOUTHWEST GEORGES (Statistical Subarea XXII-N): Only 3 percent of the catch was landed from this area in 1944 and 1945, but in 1946 more than 26 percent of the total originated here. The next two years landings from this area were prac-— tically nil. In 1949, 4 percent came from this area, and in 1950 and 1951, 23 and 30 percent, respectively. In 1952 less than 7 percent of the New Bedford catch originated here. NANTUCKET SHOALS (Statistical Subarea XXII-O): During 1944-46, the contribu- tion of this area fluctuated between 8 and 14 percent. In 1947 it dropped to less than 4 percent. From 1948-50, the contribution of this area ranged from about 21 to 33 percent. The following two years the contribution of these beds declinedto about 12 percent in 1951 and 2 percent in 1952. OFF FIRE ISLAND INLET (Statistical Area XXIII): These beds off Long Island, SE. of Ambrose Light, are fished very little by the New Bedford fleet, but have been important to the New York scallop fleet. In none of the years, 1944-52, does the contribution of these beds exceed 2 percent of the total scallop catch landed at New Bedford. ABUNDANCE Landings alone do not tell us much about the relative abundance of scallops on the grounds. Landings have been artifically controlled by agreements among the fishermen. The union has prescribed a catch limit of 100 gallons (900 pounds) of scallop meats per man per trip during most of the period of this study. In the early part of the period the limit was 150 gallons (1,350 pounds). The union rules Table 4 -— Abundance Index (Catch Per-Unit-Of-Effort) for the New Bedford See-Scallop Fleet 1944-52L/ |. Quantity | [SST sAvg. No. of Days | Catch Per Boat | Hailed (Meats) | trips | EWE PASC Fished Per Trip | Per Day (Meats) Lbs. No Noe Noe 12,149,200 7,792.06 5.6 12,496,346 7,537.0 Sell 11,587,329 7,040.0 Bel 11,214,468 8,072.8 504 9,510,732 7,205e1 Sel 10,519,235 6,301.0 4.4 7,586,775 4,238.0 5.5 2,813,544 TA 508 3,093,462 1,711.6 5.5 1/INTERVIEWED VESSELS ONLY. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 further required that boats engage in actual fishing operations for not more than 8 days and that they remain in port 2 to 4 days between trips. However, these regulations have not been in force since the latter part of 1952. Throughout the period of this study the scallop boats were able to catch the established limit in less than eight days, except during periods of unfavorable weather. We are thus afforded two measures of abundance: the catch per-unit-of- effort and the number of fishing days required to catch the prescribed limit. THOUSANDS OF POUNDS 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 |952 FIGURE 7 - CATCH PER BOAT PER DAY (1N THOUSANDS OF POUNDS) FOR THE NEW BEDFORD SEA-SCALLOP FLEET, 1944-52, The first index, catch per boat per day, is shown in the last column of table 4 ane is plotted in fig. 7. It will be noted that this index varies very little throughout the period of study except for the years 1948 and 1949 when the index was somewhat lower. The other index, average number of days fished per trip, was also remarkably uniform (column 5, table 4). One must conclude from these data that there has not been a serious depletion of scallops in the Atlantic banks considering the area as a whole. It must beborne in mind that these figures are for landings at New Bedford regardless of area fished. Since the fleet shifts its effort from place to place in order to continue op- erations in the best fishing areas it is desirable to examine abundance indexes ac- cording to particular regions. In table 5 are tabulated the catches per day for statistical subareas from 1944 through 1952. The outstanding feature of this table is the uniformity of catch per day throughout the various areas and years. Most catches are between 1,200and 1,800 pounds per day. In only two areas did the catch per day drop below 1,000 May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 pounds during the nine-year period--Stellwagen Bank for three years and off Fire Island Inlet in 1947, but these areas were never important to the New Bedfordfleet. Neither area contributed as much as 2 percent of the catch during the study period. One possibly significant fact emerges from the data in this table. The two years, 1948 and 1949, which were low years in the index calculated for all banks, ___ Table 5 - Catch Per Day of Sea Scallops (Meats) by Area, 1944-52 ~ | 1952] i951] 1950] 1949] 1948] 1947] 1946] 1945] 1944 RRR Cee RTL YUM DPOUTI GS Mi ctererer rete relolatevelete cieloterere tellwagen or Middle Bank (Corin on) ey eee lhe ee20) [al 250 (nveaelia osm Ne906 |) 945/102) a/, 12.022 «Side South Channel (XXII-G) |1,484/1,518]1,456]1,350|1,22911,436/1,365|1,570|1, 768 Cultivator Shoals (XXII-H) ..]1,505]1,680]1,463]1,525]1,336]1,642]/1,677|1,524]1,509 Northern Edge (XXII-J) ......]1,577|1,714|1,606|1, 364] 1,307]1, 754/1,870]1,598]1,886 outheast Georges (KXII-M) ..]1,633]1,902/1,658]1,411]1,392]1,626/1, 782|1,72711,342 outhwest Georges (XXII-N) ../1,502]1,623]1,766]1,323|1,260| 1/ |1,990/1,633]2,054 Nantucket Shoals (XXII-O) ...|1,474|1,764|1,806|1,456]1,389]1, 794]1,505|1,456|1,596 Off Fire Island Inlet (XXIII) 1/_|1,081]1,319}1,026]1,035}| 450] 1/ |1,080] 1 1/|NSUFFICIENT FISHING TO COMPUTE A RELIABLE INDEX, are years in which the index is generally low for each area, It might possibly mean that factors which control the abundance of scallops in one particular area have similar effects throughout the entire area of Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals. There is no evidence, however, that any areas were overfished during this period. If one area could not provide the catch limitina few days' fishing, other areas were found that could. Thus the effort in any one area was adjusted to its productive capacity. The result is that catch-per-day was maintained for all im- portant areas. The relative abundance of scallops inthe area fished by the New Bedford fleet during the nine-year period are shown graphically in figures 8a-8i. In theanalysis of the interview data, catch per day was computed for each unit area (areas bounded by 10 minutes of latitude and 10 minutes of longitude). These figures (8a-@i) show very clearly how the areas fished fluctuated from year to year. In no two years were exactly the same beds fished. There was a constant shifting from one area to another but Georges Bank as a whole maintained its productive capacity (with a slight recession in 1947 and 1948). The only conclusion that can be drawn from the above studies is that there has been no over-all depletion of scallops on Georges Bank and nearby areas. Although individual beds may have been fished out, there have always been other beds avail- able to insure all vessels catching their limits, The value of the catch limit in the conservation of the sea scallop cannot be assessed at this time. Whether the banks could have withstood greater fishing pressure during the past nine years will always be a matter of conjecture. THE FUTURE OF THE SCALLOP FISHERY These studies of catch and effort records show that there has not been any serious depletion of scallop grounds up to 1953. The question of how long thebeds can withstand present fishing intensity or whether they can withstand an expanded fishery cannot be answered from catch and effort statistics alone. To answerthese questions it is necessary to have certain biological facts concerning the species. Unfortunately the necessary facts are lacking in the case of the Georges Bankscal- lop fishery. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 Figure 8a - Relative abundance of sea scallops on Georges Bank, 1944 RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER —ROAT PER DAY SONCENTRATLON VERY HEAVY (SOLID) HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) 180-190 GALS. MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS-HATCH) 130-180 GALS. LIGHT (STIPPLED. I/ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS. OVER 200 GALS. 1/ 190-200 GALS. Figure 8b - Relative abundance of sea scallops on Georges Bank, 1945 OO RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER BOAT PER DAY OVER 200 GALS. 1/ 190-200 GALS. 180-190 GALS, 130-180 GALS. CONCENTRATION VERY HEAVY (SOLID) HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS-HATCH) LiGHT (STI PPLED) T7ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS. af CAPE COD May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Figure 8c - Relative abundance of sea scallops on Georges Bank, 1946 RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER —BOAT PER DAY SONCENTRAT ION OVER 200 GALS. 1/ | VERY HEAVY (soLID) 190-200 GALS. ‘HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) 180-190 GALS, MODERATE (SINGLE (CROSS-HATCH) 130-180 GALS. LiGHT (STIPPLED) 1/ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS, il ‘elative abundance of sea scallops on Georges Bank, 1947 RELAT| VE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER BOAT PER DAY CONCENTRATION OVER 200 GALS. 1/] very HEAVY (soLi0) 190-200 GALS. HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS HATCH) 180-190 GaLs. MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS HATCH) 130-180 GALS. LiGhT (STIPPLED J/ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS. CULTIVATOR SHOALS 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Weis 15, Woo 5 Figure 8e — Relative abundance of sea scallops on Georges Bank, 1948 RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER BOAT PER DAY OVER 200 GALS. 1/ 190-200 GALS. SONCENTRATION VERY HEAVY (SOLID) HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) 180-190 GALS. MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS-HATCH) 130-180 GALS. Licht (STIPPLED) J/ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS. \ STELLWAQEN OR MIDDLE Figure 8f - Relative abundance of sea scallops \ STELLWAGEN OR MIDDLE BANK 180-190 GALS. 130-160 GALS. : ‘ on Georges Bank, 1949 \ y ioe ae eed 7 Na RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: ec? CATCH (MEATS) PER ~= BOAT PER DAY __ CONCENTRATION \ OVER 200 GALS. 1/| verY HEAVY (soLiD) \ 190-200 GALS. HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS-HATCH) Light (STIPPLEO J/ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS. CAPE COD for SOUTH CHANNEL / J © CULTIVATOR SHOALS May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Figure 8g - Relative abundance of sea scallops on Georges Bank, .1950 RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER —BOAT PER DAY GONCENTRATION OVER 200 GALS. 1/] VERY HEAVY (SOLID) 190-200 GALS. HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) 180-190 GALS. MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS-HATCH) 130-180 GALS. LiGHT (sTiPPLED) ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS, NORTHERN EDGE 2am z 2. 7 BO on Georges Bank, 1951 RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER BOAT PER DAY CONCENTRAT!ON OVER 200 GALS. 1/| veRY HEAVY (SOLID) 190-200 GALS. HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) 180-190 GALS, MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS-HATCH) 130-180 GALS. LIGHT Ksrieeten TONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS. 14, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 Figure 61 - Relative abundance of sea scallop on Georges Bank, 1952 RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED AS FOLLOWS: CATCH (MEATS) PER OVER 200 GALS. 1/| VERY HEAVY (sOLIO) HEAVY (DOUBLE CROSS-HATCH) MODERATE (SINGLE CROSS-HATCH) 130-180 GALS. LIGHT (STI PPLED (ONE GALLON OF SEA SCALLOPS EQUALS 9 POUNDS. The Canadians have learned much about the Digby scallops (Dickie 1950, 1951, 1952, and Medcof 1948, 1952) but this information cannot be applied to the same species in otter areas. As the result of these studies, there is reasonably good information available on growth rates, age composition of the stock, catches, and fishing effort for the Canadian fishery. Canadian scientists have found it possible to relate changes in landings di- rectly to changes in abundance, and abundance in turn to variation in bottom water temperature. Periods of high and low abundance correspond fairly well with periods of warm and cold water, respectively, indicating that water temperature during the spawning season is a major factor in regulating the abundance of seed scallops pro- duced in any year and landings of the fishery years later when these scallops reach commercial size. Canadian biologists claim they will be able to forecast periods of high and low abundance. The Canadians also claim that protection of small scallops maintains the yield of the fishery at a higher long-term level than would unrestricted fishing. Canada has prescribed a legal size limit of 4 inches (shell diameter) for many years. This limit has proved difficult to enforce because scallops are shucked at sea and the shells discarded. Canadian scientists have, therefore, begun work on scallop savings gear to facilitate the escape of undersized individuals. Posgay (1950) has summarized our knowledge of the biology of the Georges Bank stocks, Basic information necessary for the conservation of the stocks is lacking. The spawning season is uncertain. The sexes are separate and fertilization takes place in the water. Ripe males and females are found from early springuntil May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 fall and can be induced to spawn in the laboratory, but the normal spawning time in nature in various areas remains to be determined. Posgay (personal communica- tion) found spawning on Stellwagen Bank in September. The fertilized eggs develop into a planktonic larva which drifts about with the currents. After a time it develops the characteristics of the adult and settles down onthe bottom. It is important to knowhow long thislarval life lasts FIG. 9 = PREPARING SCALLOP MEATS FOR DEEP FRYING IN THE PLANT OF A LEADING NEW BEDFORD FIRM. in order to determine how far the larvae might drift from their point of origin. This information is not available. Jit is certain however wnat beds regularly swept by currents are not self perpetuating. Posgay is of the belief that beds located on Stellwagen Bank are the result of spawnings along the Maine Coast and that spawn from Stellwagen Bank is probably carried out toward Georges Bank. He FIG. 10 - CLEANED RAW SCALLOP MEATS OR PRE- FIG. 11 = PLATE-TYPE QUICK FREEZER |S USED COOKED SCALLOPS ARE PACKED IN CONSUMER=S1ZE BY A LEADING NEW BEDFORD FIRM FOR FREEZING (10 oz.) PACKAGES PRIOR TO FREEZING. AUTO- CONSUMER PACKAGED SCALLOP MEATS. MATIC WRAPPING AND SEALING MACHINE IN OPER- ATION. states, however, that beds on Georges Bank may be self perpetuating because of a large circular eddy which develops there in the summer which might tend to hold the larvae there until they assume the adult mode of existence. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 The age and growth of Georges Bank scallops are imperfectly known. The con- centric rings which in some molluscs. (including the sea scallop in Canada) reveal the annual growth have in our sea scallops never been satisfactorily interpreted in relation to age. An alternative method of determining growth is by repeated examination and measurement of samples taken from the same population. Thismethod might be used in the case of scallops, but would require the use of a research vessel for repeated samplings seasonally for several years. Posgay is of the opinion that our sea scallop grows to a length of about 40 mne (1% inches) in the first year, 80 mm. (3-1/8 inches) in the second year, 110 mn. (4-1/3 inches) the third year, and thereafter grows more slowly. Hisestimates, however, are based on very sketchy evidence. We do not yet have sufficient infor- mation on growth to hazard an opinion on how long it would take a new set toreach commercial size. Conversely, we do not know the natural mortality rates of these shellfish. Should they be fished as soon as they are of marketable size or would it pay to leave them to grow a little larger? Without this information we cannot recommend management procedures. The importance of motility in scallops has always been of interest. Scallops can swim quite actively by clapping their shells together. The young appear to be more active than older individuals. The scallop beds seem to be on rather loose sand, in depressions in a level surface, on the edge of a shoal, or where a slop- ing surface becomes steeper (Posgay 1950). Whether sea scallops actively seek such places or are concentrated there by currents is not known. There is a belief among some fishermen that scallops have a tendency to con- gregate and that beds will recover if left undisturbed for a period of time. A closed season is sometimes advocated on this basis but there is no experimental evidence to substantiate this opinion. We cannot at this time predict the effect of a cessation of fishing. An extensive tagging program might shed some light on problems of growth and migration. No large-scale project has been undertaken, although Baird (1952) tagged 2,000 scallops in the past two years and has had some returns. His results are not available. Members of the Fish and Wildlife Service tagged 198 specimens on Southwest Georges in 1949 and 200 in 1950. Only one tag has been recovered todate. The tagged specimen was taken near its release point about 2 years after tagging. It had grown 3/4-inch. SUMMARY United States landings of sea scallops (meats) increased from about 2 million pounds in 1929 to about 20 million pounds in 1950, and then decreased to about 17 million pounds in 1952. Most of the postwar production of sea scallops has been landed at the port of New Bedford, Mass, An analysis of catch and effort data collected at this port from 1944 to 1952 reveals that there was no serious depletion of scallops on Georges Bank and nearby areas during that period. The future of the scallop fishery is uncertain. The biology of the scallops fished by UnitedStates vessels is too imperfectly known to form the basis of any predictions of the effects of different intensities of fishing. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 LITERATURE CITED BAIRD, F. 1952. SCALLOP TAGGING PROGRAM IN MAINE AIMED AT INCREASING YIELD. ATLANTIC FISHERMAN, VOL. XXXI11, NO. 4 (APRIL 1952), P. 16. BELDING, D. L. 1910, THE SCALLOP FISHERY OF MASSACHUSETTS. THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, 155 PP., 118 FIGS. DICKIE, Le M. 1950. ABUNDANCE CHANGES IN DIGBY SCALLOPS. FISH. RES. BD. CAN. PROG. REPT. OF THE ATL. CST.STAS., NO. 49 (APR. 1950), P. 14-17. 1952. CHANGES IN DIGBY SCALLOP LANDINGS = HOW AND WHY. FISH. RES. BD. OF CAN., PROG. REP. OF THE ATL. CST. STAS., NO. 54 (SEPT. 1952), PP. 12-18. 1951. BOUGHTON ISLAND, P.E.1., SCALLOP INVESTIGATION 1946, FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, MANUSCRIPT REPORTS OF THE BIOL. STA., NO. 415. DREW, Ge A. ”1906. THE HABITS, ANATOMY, AND EMBRYOLOGY OF THE GIANT SCALLOP (PECT N TENULCOSTATUS , MIGHELS). UNIV. OF MAINE STUDIES, NO. 6, 71 PP., 36 FIGS. MEDCOF, J. C. 1949, MEAT YIELD FROM DIGBY SCALLOPS OF DIFFERENT SIZES. FISH.RES. BD. OF CAN., PROG. REPTS. OF THE ATL. BIOL. STAS., NO. 44 (JAN. 1949), PP. 6-9. 1949, DARK-MEAT AND THE SHELL DISEASE OF SCALLOPS. FISH. RES. BD. OF CAN., PROG. REPTS. OF THE ATL. BIOL. STAS., NO. 45 (APRIL 1949), PP. 3-6. 1952. MODIFICATION OF DRAGS TO PROTECT SMALL SCALLOPS. FISH. RES. BD. OF CAN., PROG. REPTS. OF THE ATL. CST. STAS., NO. 52 (JAN. 1952), PP. 8-14. POSGAY, Je A. 1951. THIRD REPORT ON INVESTIGATIONS OF METHODS OF [IMPROVING THE SHELLFISH RESOURCES OF MASSACHUSETTS. IV. INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SEA SCALLOP, PECTEN GRANDIS. (PRE= PARED BY THE WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION), COMMONWEALTH OF MASS., DEPT. OF CONSERVATION, DIV. OF MARINE FISHERIES, PP. 24-30. ROUNSEFELL, Ge Aw 1948, DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERY STATISTICS IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC, U. S. DEPT. OF THE INTER- 1OR, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, SPEC. SCI. REPT. NO. 47, PP. 1-18, 9 FIGS. ROYCE, W. Fe 1946, GEAR USED IN THE SEA SCALLOP FISHERY. COMM.FISH. REV., VOL. 8 NO. 12 (DEC. 1946), PP. 7-11. 3 SMITH, H. Me 1891. THE GIANT SCALLOP FISHERY OF MAINE. BULL. OF THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION, VOL. IV FOR 1889 (PUBLISHED 1891), PP. 313-335. FROZEN SCALLOPS DO YOU KNOW THAT... A total of 4,112,000 pounds of scallop meats (includes both sea and bay scallops) were frozen in the United States during 1952-~slightly less than the 4,705,000 —— pounds frozen in 1951. Of the total amount frozen in 1952, 3,481,000 pounds were frozen in the New England States, 536,000 pounds in the Middle Atlantic States, 74,000 pounds in the South Atlantic States, and the balance in the South Central and Pacific States. (Pecton magollanicus) The amount of scallop meats packed and frozen in consumer-size pack- ages in 1952 amounted to 3,692,000 pounds--a substantial increase over the 2,546,000 pounds packed in 1951. (Included in these totals are breaded and cooked scallops.) 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 SALMON TAGGING BY THE 1952 JAPANESE NORTH PACIFIC FISHING EXPEDITION By C. J. Burner* The Japanese re-entered the salmon fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean west of longitude 175° W. during 19521/ with a fleet of 3 motherships and 50 catcher boats. Accompanying and patrolling the fleet were three fully-equipped and heavily- staffed oceanographic-exploratory research vessels of the Japanese Fisheries Agency. These ships ranged 400 miles or more from the mothership in all directions. Their purpose was to keep the fishing fleet within the area of operations authorized by the Japanese Government and to recommend fishing areas on the basis of abundance of plankton and suitable temperatures. Thus, in 1952 the Japanese fleet fished south of the Aleutians because the sea north of the chain was considered too cold. In addition to standard oceanographic equipment, the three vessels carried nets and long lines for exploratory-fishing and salmon-tagging operations. The tagging experiments done by the Japanese, while limited and inconclusive, clearly demonstrate that salmon can be taken in numbers and good enough condition for marking or tagging on the high seas. Since a Bering Sea and North Pacific tagging experiment to determine the degree of mixing or demarcation of Asiatic and Alaska stocks of salmon is being considered by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the methods and results of the Japanese tag- ging are of considerable interest. A summary of the results of the tagging done in the North Pacific in 1952 was prepared by the Japanese Fisheries Agency and forwarded by William C. Neville, Fisheries Attache at the United States Embassy at Tokyo, Japan, FIGURE_1_- METHOD _OF ATTACHMENT OF JAPANESE CAUDAL PEDUNCLE TAG. *# ASSISTANT CHIEF, PACIFIC SALMON INVESTIGATIONS, BRANCH OF FISHERY BIOLOGY, U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, SEATTLE, WASH. fn 1/FOR A FULL ACCOUNT OF THIS FXPEDITION SEE FUKUHARA, F. M.: JAPANESE 1952 NORTH PACIFIC SALMON-FISHING EXPEDITION, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW, VOL. 15, NO. 2 ( FEBRUARY 1953). May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 According to the report, 2,419 salmon were tagged between May 20 and June 18, 1952. Of this number 1,175 were chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), and 1,244 were red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The tag used was a red (on red salmon) and a pink (on chum salmon) celluloid oval stamped with the letters JFA (Japanese Fisheries Agency), the year, and a serial number on the reverse side. It was attached tothe fish with a 0.4 mm. silver-coated copper wire so that it encircled the caudal pe- duncle like a bracelet (see fig. 1). The tags are "dished" slightly to conform to the body curve of the fish. The size of the fish tagged is given as 45 cm. to 65 cm., with a 55 cm. mean, on the basis of "forked length." This is for both species. It is possible, there- fore, that all salmon tagged were mature and in the spawning year. No further data are given. The Agency reports that gill nets were used to capture the fish prior to tag- ging. However, in conversations aboard the Tenyo Maru, the United States biologist F. M. Fukuhara obtained the distinct impression that long lines were also used, and that salmon thus caught were in much better condition for tagging. The Agency re- ports that long lines were fished, found unsuccessful, and not used for actual tag- ging. Dates and locations of tagging are given in the table. Of the 2,419 salmon tagged, three fish were actually recovered in the Japanese nets, but one of them escaped. The two recaptures were chum salmon tagged onJune2 os TL AA ORE NS and retaken on June 5 at Time and Place of Salmon Tagging by the Japanese the following locations: Fisheries Agency in the North Pacific in 1952 Tag No. 3 (pink color)at 50029" N. latitude, 177345° We longitude; and Tag No. 179956" We 179905" W.| 1206 (pink color) at 50°28? 177955" We 179931" Wel N. latitude, 177°45' Ww. 179°00! We 178°15' Wel longitude. Both fish swam 179941! ie 179932 Wel approximately 14 miles in a northwesterly direction une 1(51026" Ne 177952 a 178°19' W.| toward Kiska Island before 250920" N.|178°00' W. 176°09' W.| recapture, assuming straight- 350931" No} 178923" We 172949" W.| line movement. Two tags (numbers un- known) were reported on red salmon passing through the weir at Egegik River, Bristol Bay, on July 1 and July 7, respectively. These tags were not recovered, but the de- tailed description given by the weir watchman gives some indication that the tags were placed on the fish by the Japanese Fisheries Agency a month or so earlier and about 1,000 miles away. No conclusions are drawn by the Agency or by the Service. The few returns and the short distance traveled by chum salmon preclude any attempt to define the migra- tory behavior, or to distinguish the stocks of salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. CORRECTIONS The following errors occurred in the article "Japanese 1952 North Pacific Salmon- Fishing Expedition" by Francis M. Fukuhara, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 10, no. 2 (February 1953): Page 1, paragraph 1, line 5 -"north of Atka Island" should read "west of Atka Island" Page 4, last paragraph, line 3 -"400 miles south of Kiska" should read "90 miles south of Kiska." 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 RESEARCH N y IN SERVICE LABORATORIES — KX : Progress on Projects, April 1953 REFRIGERATION: Freezing Fish at Sea, Defrosting, Filleting, and Refreezing the Fillets: VESSEL OPERATIONS: The Delaware remained dry-docked at the ship- yard in Chelsea, Mass., during which time it was painted and overhauled and the brine-freezer tank was modified. LABORATORY STUDIES: Further tests were carried out on dipping fillets in brine. From a local trawler 600 pounds of gutted scrod haddock were obtained and stored in ice at the laboratory. At intervals of 1, 5, and 10 days, one-third of the lot was filleted, dipped in brine, packaged, frozen, and later examined(table 1). Table 1 - Effect of Dipping Haddock Fillets in Brine Description of Samples Weight | Salt Results of Objective Tests on the Thawed Frozen Fillets pomapeatr ar ae ows (as Nac) Free Drip Press Drip Solids Tenderometer. of of in Value of Sample No. mhine Dip marr Piliets Fillets Fillets Press Drip Fillets Percent Percent _By Weight _ COOMOIODDTOOROOOODO0ORO Sep Bes ROUNONCO OUIWBUARE AY DODO RE OlOMRWOMO NNR NW W WIP NN oojnown fo) wn ° [o) =) GERASKE Wow WE FWWWr nur PW r|Annueu : PaO ND 20 MON W & & M0 OfH WW Ooh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 ° |.1/TENDEROMETER VALUE VARIES INVERSELY WITH TENDERNESS OF FILLETS. The tests indicated that storage of the fish in ice for various periods prior to filleting has little effect upon the fillets dipped in brine from the standpoints of salt absorption and weight increase, or upon tenderometer value, press drip, or press drip solids of the thawed frozen fillets. The dipped filletsfrom fish stored in ice for 10 days upon freezing and thawing showed lower apparent free-drip val- ues as compared with the dipped fillets from fish stored in ice for 1 or 5 days. The effect of brine temperature and time of immersion on the absorption of salt by whole scrod haddock during the freezing process was studied on a laborato- ry scale. Whole scrod haddock were procured from a local trawler about 24 hours May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW el after the fish were landed on the vessel. The fish were heldin a23-percent salt solution for one hour at various temperatures. The effect of brine temperature on the penetration of salt into the fish is shown in table 2. Table 2 ~ Salt Penetration Into Whole Scrod Haddock Held in 23-percent Salt Solution for 1 Hour at Various Temperatures Sample OANA Roy Nalin enna eEN Concentration of Salt in the Fish Flesh Percent Salt] Degrees F. Percent Percent 0.37 Whole (0) O),5ul scrod 23 0.55 haddock 0.64 Meal) The results indicate that freezing the whole scrod haddock at 10° F. or be- low produces much lower salt penetration in the fish than freezing at temperatures above 10° F. Table 3 shows the effect of immersion time of the fish on the salt penetra- tion. The results indicate an initial high rate of salt penetration in the first 1/4-inch of flesh during the first hour of freezing. Further absorption continued at a much reduced rate, particularly at the lower temperatures. Table 3 - Absorption of Salt in Whole Scrod Haddock Immersed in 23-percent Salt Solution at Various Temperatures for Varying Periods iui of the Brine| Time Degrees F. Percent Percent 1 0.55 0.2k 13 0.71 0.23 2 0.91 0.31 3 ny 0.21 4 1.22 0.20 Whole 4 2.09 0.84 scrod haddock [= [= Sa] (@) Wr Le) iw) FWNHHKFPIFFWNEHH Ir NIH Results of prolonged immersion-freezing in 23-percent salt solution is shown in table 4. Thawing was first noticeable as a very slight softening of the skin of the fish. As salt continued to penetrate into the flesh, thawing or softening occurred at greater depths. Shrinkage, due apparently to loss of water from the fish, was observed after 48 hours of immersion of the fish and eventually became so great as to cause outlines of the muscular striations to appear on the skin. After four 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 days the tail section became pliable; this condition spread slowly to about one- third the length of the fish at the time the test was terminated. The fish im- mersed for 24 hours would not take a glaze due to the high salt content of the surface layer of the fish. Table 4 - Effect of Prolonged Tmmersion—Freezing on Whole Scrod Haddock Treatment Initial|Weight |D Salt of Immersion|Weight |Loss of Sample Time of Fish} Fish |S the Flesh Days 0.8 epth of Thaw or Content of oftening Percent| Inches Percent (0) 1.01 2.22 4.68 7.40 6.21 10.58 10.1 Whole scrod haddock were immersed in 23-percent salt solution at 5° F. 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 (Boston) Hee KK Freezing, Glazing, and Thawing Salmon to be Canned: Examination was made of four lots of canned sockeye salmon prepared last fall from fresh (unfrozen) fish, and from frozen fish containing varying amounts of added salmon oil. The purpose of the test was to determine the amount of curd formation and appearance of the final product when salmon oil is added to canned salmon (prior to sealingand proc-— essing) prepared from frozen fish. Six 1/2-flat cans ofeach of the following four lots of canned sockeye salmon were examined: 1. Prepared from brine-frozen fish--salt added. 2. Prepared from brine-frozen fish--salt and 3 milliliters of salmon oil added to each 1/2-flat can. 3. Prepared from brine-frozen fish--salt and 6 milliliters of salmon oil added to each 1/2-flat can. 4. Prepared commercially from fresh (unfrozen) fish--salt added. The results are shown in table l. ablel- Results of Tests onCanned AlaskaSockeye Salmon Prepared from Fresh(Unfrozen) and Frozen Fish Frozen fish were packed with and without added oil. Six cans from each lot were examined. Description of Canned Sample Characteristics of the Canned Product Materials Added Volume of Volume Amount Lot Raw Can Aqueous of Drained of Penetromete o.| Material Salt|Salmon Oi] | Size | Liquid Free Oil |Weight | Curd Valuel/ ee none s—flat 28. 1.6 20 AQ i yes | 2.8 Fl ee el yes |i 3 ge rilat i ieee ieee 206m [Moderate Pt Cae he a Sa ee a a Ls) [4] Fresh (unfrozen) [yes none |3-flat [38.90 2.4 88 trace | 158 | J/PENETROMETER VALUE VARIES INVERSELY WITH THE FIRMNESS OF THE PRODUCT. In comparison with lot 4 (prepared from fresh fish), lot 1 (prepared from brine-frozen fish) had on the average a smaller volume of free aqueous liquid and free oil, and a lower penetrometer reading (or firmer texture). Lot 4 possessed a natural salmon flavor and odor and had only a trace of curd. Lotl had lost some May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 of the natural flavor and odor and some of the samples showed incipient rancidity; had a firm texture, which was not considered too objectionable; and had a moderate amount of curd, which lowered the appearance rating. Although a definite differ- ence in texture between the two lots (1 and 4) was found by both organoleptic ex- amination and penetrometer tests, some of the difference may have beendue to the method of packing. Lot 1 was hand packed while lot 4 was machine packed commer- cially. Adding natural salmon oil to each can (lots 2 and 3) increased the amount of free oil in the final product; however, the curd appeared in more compact layers and made the appearance of the fish in the can less desirable. mination of Oil in Fish Meal: Work has been resumed on this project in an effort to develop a simple and rapid procedure for the determination of oil in fishmeal. Chemists in the industry have indicated that the acetone extraction method, de- veloped some time ago and now a tentative A.O.A.C. method, consumes too much time. In the earlier work, it was found that acid hydrolysis did not completely digest the fish meal to the extent that it does fish flesh. The tests now under way are designed to determine whether or not the acid hydrolysis procedure can be improved to provide complete hydrolysis of the meal and effect more accurate oil determina- tions. Preliminary tests indicate that more complete hydrolysis of the meal is facilitated by grinding the meal exceedingly fine and using a high ratio of acid to meal. (Seattle) CEMENT FROM SEA SHELLS A plant designed specifically for the production or cement from coquina (periwinkle) shells has been constructed at Flagler Beach, Florida, on a 10,000-acre site, to produce 10,000 to 15,000 barrels of cement per day from 3,000 tons of shell. Borings in the area indicate the presence of enough accumulated shell to supply a plant of the size described for at least 100 years. (Chemical and Engineering News, May 26, 1952) 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 TECHNICAL NOTE NO. 26--GLAZING BRINE- FROZEN SALMON Frozen whole fish in cold storage are usuallyprotected byan iceglaze. This glaze, a thin shell of ice arounc the fish, is formed when frozen fish are given a short dip in chilled water. The purpose of the glaze is to serve as a barrier against the loss of moisture and to prevent air from coming into contact with the fish. It thus protects the fish from dehydration and retards the rate of oxida- tive deterioration, including the development of rancidity and rusting. There are several factors that can interfere with the formation of a good glaze. Patches of oil may form on the surface of the fish and cause the dip wa- ter to run off these areas before it can freeze and adhere. Similarly, slime and blood may also contribute to a poor glaze. In brine-frozen fish the presence of absorbed salt can make glazing difficult. The salt lowers the freezing point oot the water glaze, and a good glaze may not be possible in the range of about OoEe to 10° F., the storage temperatures commonly used commercially. Recently, inquiries have been received regarding the feasibility of glazing brine-frozen fish. In order to observe the nature and extent of the problems in- volved in glazing such fish, a brief experiment was conducted. Brine-frozen salm- on were used as they were readily available from the increasingly large number brought from Alaska to the Pacific Northwest for canning. Red salmon that were caught in Bristol Bay during the 1952 fishingseason were obtained from one of the freezerships unloadingat Seattle, Washington. These fish had been frozen by immersion for about 12 hours in a saturated brine solution at approximately 5° F. and then transferred to a dry hold for storage at 5° F. When the fish were obtained from the vessel, they were slightlythawed at the outer sur- face, but otherwise appeared to be in Raed condition. Ten of the fish were placed in storage at 0° F. and ten at -20° F. The ten salmon that had been stored at O° F. for several days were glazed by immersing in water cooled to around 34° F. They were allowed to age for several hours at O° F., and then the glaze was examined and evaluated. The glaze taken by the fish varied from good to poor in both quantity and quality. On some parts of the fish the glaze was "soft" (not hard frozen) and rubbed off easily; this prob- ably was due mainly to a high salt concentration in that particular area. In oth- er small areas there was no glaze whatever because the water had run off before it could freeze. Only 2 out of 10 fish took a complete glaze. All ten fish werethen sprayed with water and scrubbed with a brush to remove some of the salt, oil, blood, and slime from the surface. This washing increased slightly the amount of glaze that the fish would take; however, the glazing as a whole could not be considered satisfactory. To determine whether these brine-frozen salmon would take a good glaze at a lower temperature, ten other fish that had been stored at -20° F. were dipped in cold water and then returned to the -20° F. room. ALL ten fish took a good glaze. Later, three of these fish were transferred to the O° F. room and were examined the following day. Although the glaze was still intact, the ice had softened in some parts, particularly on the head. On contact, this soft ice easily fell away from the fish. In comparison, the glaze on the fish left in the -20° F. room was still hard. No tests were made at temperatures between O° F. and -20° F SUMMARY The salt absorbed by brine-frozen fish interferes with successful ice-glazing of fish at storage temperatures commonly used commercially (0° F. to 10° F.). The May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 glaze taken by brine-frozen Alaska red salmon at O° F. was not considered satis-— factory; however the glaze taken at -20° F. was good. Since glazing of the brine- frozen salmon does not appear feasible at the storagetemperatures now used by the freezerships (about 5° F.), these fish will be more susceptible todehydration and oxidative deterioration upon prolonged storage. It therefore is highly important to process these fish as soon after freezing as possible in order to have a good quality canned product. --D. T. Miyauchi, Fishery Products Technologist, Fishery Technological Laboratory, Branch of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Seattle, Washington. HOME FREEZERS EXPAND FROZEN FOOD MARKET POTENTIAL Since the war, nearly 5 million home freezers have been sold with the result that around 12 percent of the nation's 42 million electrically-wired homes now have a freezer. Accordingtoa recent survey by Electrical Merchan- dising, 1,140,000 home freezers were sold in 1952, a 9 percent gain over 1951, when sales totaled 1,050,000 units. Also, the larger freezers are becoming more popular. Several government and industry surveys have shown that a family with a home freezer almost invariably uses more frozen foods. In towns under 5,000 population, which often have no other local frozen-food distributors, many locker plants have gone "all out" to sell frozen food to home-freezer owners. A large number of the nation's 11,000 locker-plant operators feel that their business future lies in the success with which they can become the "frozen food center" of their communities. The locker-plant associations and trade magazines have been doing a great deal to help locker-plant operators become "frozen food centers." Many operators have had difficulty in securing frozen foods at competitive prices, so a national trade magazine has started a directory service listing free of charge frozen-food packers interested in sales to locker plants. Hight companies selling fishery products are now included in this directory. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been working with the locker plants, their national association, and their trade magazines, to call at- tention to the profit possibilities in the sale of frozen fishery products. The Service has found that many operators already handle fish and shell- fish. However, with greater knowledge of fishery products and their avail- ability, plus some merchandising tools, e.g., signs and recipe booklets, salss of fish by locker plants could be greatly increased. 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 ar a aS : ge E DEVELOPMENTS 22 Additions to the Fleet of Fishing Vessels re A total of 52 vessels of 5 net tons and over received their first documents as fishingcraft during March 1953--8 less than in March 1952. Washington led with 11 vessels, followed by Texas with 8 vessels, and Florida east coast with6 vessels. Vessels Obtaining Their First Documents as Fishing Craft, February and March 19 eS SSS Three mos. ending Two mos. endi Even Ee Me Pen ee ee eee eee) Number} Number| Number INew England ccecccoce iddle Atlantic ..... NOTE: VESSELS HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED TO THE VARIOUS SECTIONS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR HOME PORT. In February 1953 first documents as fishing craft were received by 34 vessels of 5 net tons and over--15 less than in February1952. Florida west coast led with 6 vessels, followed by Louisiana with 5 vessels, and Florida east coast, Virginia, Washington, and Alaska with 3 vessels each. er Alaska Fur-Seal Skin Prices Decline Sharply at Spring Auction A sharp decline in prices characterized the semiannual auction of Government— owned fur—seal skins at St.Louis on April 13, the Secretaryof the Interior announced. Bidding was spirited and there was a good attendance at the auction. A total of 24,400 skins from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, was sold for $2,084,191, or $700,527 less than the Government receipts from the fall auction held October 13, 1952. The average price for all fur-seal skins scid at the April auction was $85.42 per skin, or $19.58 under the October average of $105.00. Black skins, of which there were 7,000 offered, averaged $100.52 per skin as compared with October's average of $122.0. A total of 14,900 dyed 'Matara" (brown) skins was offered and these skins sold for an average of $82.67, or $27.04 less than in October. A total of 2,500 "Safari" brown (a lighter brown) skins was offered and averaged $59.51 per skin, as compared with $69.14 in October. In addition to the United States—-owned skins, the Fouke Fur Company sold 4,978 Cape of Good Hope fur-seal skins for the government of the Union of South Africa. These skins averaged $32.49 per skin, as compared with the October average of $34 05h > == Es May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 California STATE TAGS TUNA: A total of 1,638 tuna—1,139 Aer att ey 499 skipjack—were tagged by - by the California Department of Fish and Game on a 34-months', 20,000-mile cruise on the commercial vessel Intrepid. The cruise was completed at Los Angeles on February 11. Three types of tags were used. Other major purposes for the cruise were to test the feasibility of carrying out tagging operations on a commercial fish— ing vessel; gainexperience in commercial fishing methods; and collect post—larval specimens of yellowfin and skipjack tuna under a night light to further delineate the spawning range. Two of the tagged yellowfin tuna have already been recovered, reports the De— partment of Fishand Game in aMarch 6 bulletin. Onefishtaken by a Peruvian purse seiner on January 17, 1953, three miles west of Mancora, Peru, had moved 34 miles south by west in 33 days from the spot tagged. The other fish, taken by the tuna clipper Santa Helena on January 17, 1953, five miles west of Culpepper Island in the Galapagas group had traveled 5 miles westin49 days. Both fish were in good condition and showed no significant increase in length. For all fish tagged, 96.7 percent of the yellowfin tuna were released in sat— isfactory condition and 92.4 percent of the skipjack. The skipjack were the more difficult of the two species to tag regardless of the type of tag used. HHH EH RESEARCH VESSEL "YELLOWFIN" FINDS ABALON® IN POOR CONDITION IN CHANNEL ISLAND REGION: Abalone inthe Channel Islandregion of Santa Cruz and San Clemente Islands were found to be few in number, small in size, and poor in quality (most were in- fested with round worms). These were the findings of the research vessel Yellow- fin of the California Department of Fish and Game. The vessel completed a two- weeks' cruise at Los Angeles on February 26. Dives were made in the Santa Cruz Island and San Clemente Island areas. Off San Clemente Island there was a greater concentration of abalone than off Santa Cruz. Compared to a similar survey in 1952, fish life and abalone were observed to be considerably less abundant. One day of the cruise was spent in underwater photography off San Clemente Island where conditions were judged favorable for this work. The results of these films were encouraging and it is planned to return later in 1953 for additional work, the California Department of Fish and Game announced recently. This was Cruise 2 of the Yellowfin for 1953. This vessel's Cruise 1 (January 5-24, 1953) was a routine one for hydrograh- ic research for the Cooperative Sardine Research Program. The purpose was to col- lect data for determining the oceanographic factors responsible for the behavior, spawning success, and survival of Pacific sardine. Operations were conducted in the coastal and offshore area between Pt. Conception and Cape Colnett. "YELLOWFIN" STUDIES SARDINE ABUNDANCE OFF LOWER CALIFORNIA: A total of 68 schools of fish were spotted by the California Department of Fishand Game research vessel M/V Yellowfin on a 15-day 375-mile cruise completed at Los Angeles on March 20. The cruise was made to assess the abundance and distribution of spawning sar- dines; to obtain sardine samples for age determinations; to test the feasibility of using the Hardy Plankton Indicator in conjunction with the sardine surveys; and to study the spawning population of sardines and their environment off lower Cali- fornia. The area from Sebastian Vizcaino Bay to San Hipolito Bay, including the area around Cedros and San Benitos Islands, was scouted, an April 21 report from the California Department of Fish and Game states. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 Of the 68 schools spotted, it was estimated that 36 were of sardines, and 25 of mackerel. ‘Two samples of sardines and one of Pacific mackerelwere obtained from the schools sampled. Thirty- jie | nine light stations were occupied and yielded samples of sardines, Pacific mackerel, jack mackerel, and anchovies. Two samples of sardines were obtained fromtuna clippers in a Turtle Bay. All thesardine samples Henao one SIE) | contained fish very near spawning. BAN MARTIN g 1SLAKO The Hardy Plankton Indicator tested worked satisfactorily, but more studies are needed to develop a standard technique for interpre- tation of the results of the tows. 4 | CERROS 1SLANO™ = \i | aor } In general, sardines in this area were notas abundant inshore as they have been during the fall months. They were more abundant from San Cristobal Bay northward tothe area around Cedros Island, and in the southwest part of Sebastian Vizcaino Hee ee Mare eRe Bay. Heavyweather prevented a sur- samples vey of the adjacent offshore area. @ Sardines ® Jack Mackerel PT. SAN JUANICO & Pacific Mackée--1 + HK x + >< Anchovies YELLOWTAIL TAGGED: Roughweath— er off Guadalupe Island, Mexico, lim- ited thetagging of troll-caught yel- c. SAW LazaRo See lowtail by the California Department a of Fish and Game on a 5-day cruise completed on April 14. The privately- AREA SURVEYED BY THE CALIFORNIA RESEARCH VESSEL YELLOWFIN IN CONJUNCTION WITH SARDINE ABUNDANCE STUDIES OFF LOWER CALIFORNIA. owned yacht Goodwill, chartered forthis cruise, was used for this tagging operation. Altogether five yellowtail (Seriola dor- salis) were caught by trolling. Four were © YELLOWTAIL (CALIFORNIA): tagged and one was retained for study. One —. (SERIOLA DoRSALIS) large yellowtail was double tagged, using a Petersen disk and a nylon capsule tag. The others were tagged only with Petersen disks because of very rough waters, states the California Department of Fish and Game in an April 22 report. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 Federal Purchases of Fishery Products FRESH AND FROZEN FISH PURCHASES BY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, MARCH 1953: For the military feeding of the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, the Army Quartermaster Corps in March 1953 purchased a total of 1,329,751 pounds (valued at $764,181) of fresh and frozen fishery products (see table). This was a decrease of 10.3 percent in quantity and 11.8 percent in value as compared with the previous month, and 44.0 percent in quantity and 30.8 percent in value less than in March 1952. Purchases during January-March this year dropped 36.4 percent in quantity and 23.5 percent in value, compared with the corresponding period in 1952. Purchases of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products by Department of the Army CUNT ese i En aiaendo March January-March 0537 (ee en een a ee ee Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ d Leet 76 , 6624, 370, 9571 6,867, 389 1,103,526] 2,470,426 Prices paid for fresh and frozen fishery products by the Army Quartermaster Corps in March 1953 averaged 57.5 cents per pound as compared with 46.4 cents in March 1952. The average price paid for the first three months of 1952 was 56.5 cents per pound, considerably higher than the average of 47.0 cents for the similar period a year earlier. 229 ,6 In addition to the purchases of fresh and frozen fishery products indicated a- bove, the Armed Forces generally make some local purchases which are not included in the above figures. Therefore, actual purchases are somewhat higher than indi- cated, but it is not possible to obtain data on the local purchases made by milita- ry installations throughout the country. KH KKH FRESH AND FROZEN FISH PURCHASES BY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, 1952: For the mil- itary feeding of the U. S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, the Department of Defense in 1952 purchased over 32,000,000 pounds of fresh and frozen fishery products in the United States, according to the Quartermaster Corps. A total of about $15,000,000 was spent for United States—pro- O00] duced fishery products (see WoMuMbiEh Sus C ca cosecentecsies ovens tes table). The New York CityMar— New Orleans, La. oeeccescccccecccccce ket Center office (including Ghilcapomadilln beec/ceccite ceric icice tae's New England) was the largest Denver, Cold. coaccccicccscecescccscce purchaser in 1952, accounting HOrtmWOrLM eK. cele/c\elicielcleisleleiclsicleieic/ for one-third of the total value Battle Wasile welerecleiielciele/selesele purchased. Other large buying SanePrreanciscO,) Calltis! cscs sc\cloicie s+ slele centers were Seattle, Wash., 19 percent; New Orleans, La., 18 percent; and Richmond, Va., 11 percent. 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program SS” — Gulf coast are the chief objectives of the Service's exploratory fishing vessel Or- egon. The cruise commenced at Pascagoula, Mississippi, on April 9. Operations will be centered in the ap-— proaches to the Gulf of Mexico, the Straits of Florida, the Yucatan Channel, and the north- eastern Caribbean Sea. Emphasis will be plac— ed on live-bait fish- ing for blackfin and yellowfin tuna and white skipjack (Kat- suwonus) o The Oregon has been readied to fish for tuna with live bait in the conventional style used successfully by the U. S. fishery 5 3 off the Pacific coast. STERN VIEW OF THE OREGON SHOWS TUNA FISHING RACKS. NOTE THAT : M T : However, some addi-— THE SPRAY SYSTEM IS BEING TESTED tional kinds of equipment are being carried for trial use under conditions in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The gear has been prepared so that changes 7 = in methods of bait fishing canbe made without returning to port. In addition, exploratory drags with a 40-foot shrimp trawl will be made in areas hitherto not cov- ered by the Oregon. Red snapper fishing with wire lines will be undertaken in deep water if and where indications of potential snapper fishing are found. An "electronic fish finder," the Fischlupe, has been installed and will be tested during this FITTED OUT FOR TUNA BAIT FISHING, THE SERVICE'S EXPLOR- CTULSCe ATORY FISHING VESSEL OREGON GETS READY TO SAIL. The Oregon is scheduled to return to Pascagoula on June 25. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Bil Metal Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, February 1953 Total shipments of metal cans for fish and sea food in Jan- uary-February 1953 amounted to 7,910 short tons of steel--9 per- cent less than the 8,675 short tons shippedin the first two months of 1952. This is based on an April 23 report issued by the Bureau of the Census. NOTE: STATISTICS COVER ALL COMMERCIAL AND CAPTIVE PLANTS KNOWN TO BE PRO= DUCING METAL CANS. REPORTED IN BASE BOXES OF STEEL CONSUMED IN THE MANU-~ FACTURE OF CANS, THE DATA FOR FISHERY PRODUCTS ARE CONVERTED TO TONS OF STEEL BY USING THE FACTOR: 23.0 BASE BOXES OF STEEL EQUAL ONE SHORT TON OF STEEL. "ALBATROSS III" FISHES FOR YOUNG OCEAN PERCH (Cruise No. 47B): Bad weather hampered operations and cut short the cruise of the Branch of Fishery Biclogy's re- search vessel Albatross III to the northeast peak of Georges Bank and the area south of Jeffrey's Ledge. The six-day cruise was campleted at Woods Hole, Mass., onApril 21. The objectives of the cruise were to determine the characteristics of a fish school, to obtain a sample of young ocean perch, and to obtain live haddock for ex- periments at station. Fourteen tows were made on the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank; no concentra- tion of haddock suitable for more detailed operations was discovered. The haddock were very uniformly distributed along the entire section covered by these tows. Northwesterly winds and heavy seus on the evening of April 17 made it necessary to cease fishing operations. Because of unfavorable weather reports for April 18, the vessel proceeded to the ocean perch area, Eleven tows were made in the area south of Jeffrey's Ledge and a total of 200 young ocean perch were caught. Operations then ceased because of bad weather. Bottom photographs were obtained by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution person— nel with the stereocamera in the Northeast Peak area and during the fishing opera- tions for young ocean perch. A series of night photographs of the bottom were ob- tained in the area south of Jeffrey's Ledge. The number of bottom samples obtained was limited both because of failure of the equipment to operate satisfactorily and because of the type of bottom encountered. Good shrimp catches were made in southeastern Alaska waters by the Service's Explor- atory fishing vessel John N. Cobb on a 7-week cruise completed at Seattle, Washing- ton, on April 17. This trip was the fifth in a series of explorations to locate com— mercial concentrations of shrimp and other shellfish in southeastern Alaskan waters. Fishing operations were carried out in Yakutat Bay and the adjacent ocean waters near the Cape Phipps Peninsula. A total of 79 drags were made—the majority with a 20-foot beam trawl, although a small West Coast box-type otter trawl and a New Bed- ford—type scallop dredge were used in some instances. Shrimp traps were also fished. 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 Good catches of pink shrimp were made with the vceam trawl from off Blizhni Point to off Kame Stream. Nine drags in this area averaged 242 pounds of pink shrimp per 30-minute drag, with the best drag yielding 510 pounds of 80-count (80 whole shrimp per pound) pink shrimp. Six 30-minute drags northwest of Knight Is— land produced from 102 to 145 pounds of mixed pink and side-stripe shrimp per drage Drags off Krutoi Island yielded up to 300 pounds of 67-count pink shrimp per 30- minute drag. Shrimp traps set from the vicinity of Gregson Island to north of Knight Island were generally productive. One set of 38 traps was set for 47 hours off the north tip of Knight Island to the vicinity of Eleanor Cove. The set averaged slightly under 13 pounds of 13-count spot shrimp and 14 pounds of 41-count coon-stripe shrimp. Otter-trawl tows off the Cape Phipps Peninsula resulted in negligible catches of shrimp and fish. Drags with the scallop dredge in Yakutat Bay caught only afew scallops. Feary Norwegian Sardines Promoted in Major U. S. Markets The second phase of an intensive three-year advertising and promotion campaign for Norwegian canned sardines has been launched in the United States by the Norwe— gian Canners Association, This association, with headquarters in Stavanger, repre- sents 106 Norwegian canning companies, an April 9 news release from the Norwegian Information Service points out. Using newspapers, radio, and television, as well as point-of-sales promotion, the Association is vigorously publicizing Norwegian sardines in six major United States markets——Boston, New York-Newark, Chicago, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Los Angeles— Long Beach, and San Francisco—Oakland. A total of 53 daily and weekly newspapers in these market areas are running weekly advertisements. During Lent the Association backed up its newspaper ads with either radio or television spot announcements. Scheduled to be used in the summer months, these announcements will stress sardines as easy—to—prepare, heat—beating snacks. More— over, sardines from Norway are being publicized on radio and television cooking shows, as well in grocery, restaurant, and hotel trade publications. Special fea— tures of the public relations program are Norwegian sardine recipes and pictures for editorial use, and the color film "Silver Harvest." This film on the Norwegian sardine industry is available free of charge to television stations, clubs, andas— sociations. As part of the current drive, tie-ins between Norwegian sardines and four lead— ing cracker companies have been arranged in the New York, Chicago, Boston, and Los Angeles areas. Scheduled to continue through April, the tie-ins include mtual co- operation in newspaper advertising and sales promotion, and in arranging point-of— sales displays. Further tie-ins are being planned for the late spring and summer months. i To stimulate interest in Norwegian sardines among food brokers and store oper— ators, the Association is distributing a l4-page sales portfolio, pointing out that one out of every four families in the U. S. buys Norwegian sardines. The portfolio also tells in pictures and words about the canning process and the standards set by the Association's Quality Control Institute. Other promotional material made avail-— able to grocers includes point-of-sales aids, such as shelf—talkers and dump display cards. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 In the past 50 years the Norwegian food-canning industry has made tremendous progress. There are at present about 300 canneries scattered along the Norwegian coast, the point of greatest concentration being in the Stavanger district. Since World war II, Norway has exported an annual average of 3,000 to 3,500 metric tons of canned sardines, as well as kippers, crab meat, and shrimp. atin Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations "HUGH Me SMITH" STUDIES OCSANOGRAPHY AS REIATSD TO SKIPJACK TUNA IN HAWAIIAN WATERS (Cruise No. No. 20): Detailed data on ocean currents and abundance of nutrient chemicals and marine life were collected by the Service's Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations research vessel Hugh M. Smith on a cruise completed at Honolulu on April 4. The cruise, which began February 25, completed the first part of a pro- gram of intensive oceanographic studies in Hawaiian waters. Hydrographic and biological data were obtained at 56 stations around igen Ha= waiian Islands. Two exploratory sections to 29° N. along the 155° and 158° W. me- ridians did not reveal any concentrations of marine life. Several oceanic "fronts" were encountered near the northern ends of the lines. The studies were planned to coincide with the season of scarcity of the skipjack tuna or "aku," the most impor— tant species in the Hawaiian tuna fishery. A similar investigation will be carried out during the peak of the skipjack season this coming summer; it is hoped that a comparison of the data from these two cruises may shed light on the environmental factors which regulate the seasonal movements of these schools in and out of Hawai- ian waters. This could result in an increase in the skipjack catch through the ex-— tension of fishing operations into new areas during the local offseason. In the interim between these two major cruises, a close check will be kept on local hydrographic conditions and on the abundance and whereabouts of the skipjack schools. This work will be accomplished by frequent, short cruises of the smaller research vessel, Charles H. Gilbert, supplemented by aerial scouting in cooperation with the U. S. Navy. ae: © PAS. TO FREEZER FILLETING PLANT In addition to fillets, shrimp, scallops, and oysters, there were small quan- tities of other types of fishery products put up in consumer-size packages, but data on these are not available. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 U. S. Canned Pack of Selected Fishery Products, 1952 SALMON CANNED IN PACIFIC COAST STATES: The 1952 pack of canned salmon in the Pacific Coast States of California, Oregon, and Washington amounted to 890,156 stand- sockeye (RED) SALMON _ {ONCORHYNCUS NERKA) ard cases, valued at $21, 906, 773 tothe canners (table 1). “The Puget Sound ERR of Washington canned 78 ipencent of the pack, the Columbia River districts of Oregon and Washington 19 percent, and the coastal districts of the three states the remain— ing 3 percent. Salmon were canned at 28 plants in Washington, 12 in Oregon, and 1 in California. Table 1 - Pacific Coast States Canned Salmon Pack By Species and Area, 195: Puget Sound Columbia River Species Value to Avg. Price Spe to Avg. Price Value to] Avg. Price Pema | EO] to Quentiey, Per a Case Quantity, Canners Per ae Case. CRE ee Per a Case CHET FY |Std. Casesé 214,837 Silver or coho 173,238 3,743,476 Steelhead ......000 : 15,678,165 | 92,68 | 67,616 15, 623,159 75,5 15.46 890,156 PRELIMINARY DQES NOT INCLUDE ALASKA SALMON PACK B/"STANDARD CASES” REPRESENT CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTEO TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 1-POUND CANS, EACH CAN CONTAINING 16 OUNCES. The 1952 pack was 23 percent less inquantity and 25 percent lower in value as com- pared with 1951 (table 2). This was due to 1952 being an off-year for the pink salm- on run. All other species of salmon, except chinook or king, increased substantial- ly; the largest increase (72 percent) was for silver or coho. Table 2 - Pacific Coast States Canned Salmon Pack By Species, 1942-52 (Quantit in Standard Cases*/and Value to the Canners TOS erelays 1,161,274 1,001,819 1,133,325 810,075 1,329,226 560,289 557,769 245,588 275,889 759,032 1/PRELIMINARY « 2/57 ANDARD CASES" REPRESENT CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 1-POUND CANS, EACH CAN CONTAINING 16 OUNCES. 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 The average price of all salmon packed in the Pacific Coast States in1952 was $24.61 per standard case to the canners as compared with $25.31 in 1951. Columbia River canned salmon had the highest average price--$33.55 per standard case--dueto the large percentage of chinook salmon, The 1951 average on the Columbia Riverwas $35.41 per case. Salmon canned in the Puget Sound area averaged $22.68 per stand- ard case to the canner in 1952 and coastal salmon averaged $18.46, compared with $23.24 and $20.90, respectively, in 1951. eee KX MAINE SARDINES (INCLUDING SEA HERRING): The pack of Maine sardines (including sea herring) in 1952 amounted to 3,457,581 standard cases, valued at $21,402,994 to the packers (table 1). This was an increase of 106 percent in quantity and 46 per— cent in value as compared with the 1951 pack of 1,676,764 standard cases. Sardines were canned in 47 plants in Maine and 3 in Massachusetts. Table 1 - Maine Sardine Pack (Including ng) By Style of rack and By Size of Can and Case, 1952 ees) [casera to parses! Price TWcanvandl’case!Sizc unin Mquantity ia i Vallcmtom™ wixeserrice| Canners (Per Std casee/| Canners Fer Case NeteContentssRerkCeny |NowMo AICansBESraCaEe) 2 EJ 543,598 " Style of Pack Natural, without sauce OF O11] ..ceceeceeeeece ‘In soybean or other vegetable oil ......-- In mustard Sauce eeesece In tomato sauce . In olive oil ther’/... 2,998,207 46,920 62,585 19,895 116,125 19,762,806 312,636 412,488 124,646 724,325 (Other sizes (convert- ed to St ounces) wee 17,355 66,093 TOtal isiscesiseeies 3,261,087 [21,402,994 | = + OUNCES NET) TO THE CASE. _ [3,457,501] 21,402,994) 6,19 A cRET TEN ARIE CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO 100 +-o1L CANS ( INCLUDES SPECIAL PACKS IN COTTONSEED OIL, PEANUT OIL, AND KI PPEREO, The bulk (80 percent) of the 1952 pack was canned in soybean or other vegetable oil. The pack in 3z-ounce cans comprised 92 percent of the total, The canners! average price for Maine sardines in 1952 was $6.19 per standard case, 29 percent lower than the $8.73 average price in 1951, and 34 percent less than the record price of $9.39 in 1947. However, the demand for canned Maine sardines in 1952 was good. Table 2 - Maine Sardine Pack Value to Avg. PEAS) ee to | Ave. Ee Y tit Y antit Std. Cases Cases’ eS Std. Cases 3,407,581 »497,581 |21, i), 994 6 3,013, 3,013,910 28, So, 674 1,676,764 |14,635,352 ui 3,276,338 |20,275,590 3,844,164 |21,209,033 .5 2,725,216 |12,077,201 3,074,523 |21,051,675 : 3,261,984 |14,819,803 2 29,359,114 5 11,104,570 1/PRELIMINARY « 2/CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO 100 4-OIL CANS (3g OUNCES NET) TO THE CASE. NOTE: THE PACK OF HERRING HAS BEEN CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 100 $-O1L CANS (3 OUNCES NET) TO THE CASE AND INCLUDED WITH THE PACK OF SARDINES. With the exception of 1951, there has not been any great year-to-year fluctua- tion in the total pack of Maine sardines in the past ten years (table 2). HKE EK FISH ROE AND CAVIAR: The United States pack of canned fish roe and caviar in 1952 amounted to 64,080 standard cases (48 l—pound cans), valued at $1,681,010 to the packers (table 1) Alewife roe acounted for 54 percent of the quantity and 24 percent of the value of the pack; while salmon and sturgeon caviar combined comprised 9 percent of the quantity and 42 percent of the value. The total 1952 pack of canned fish roe and caviar was a decrease of 16 per- cent in quantity and 13 percent in value as compared with 1951 (table 2). May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Bo) The average price for all roe and caviar canned in 1952 was#26.23 perstand- ard case to the packer as compared with $25.3lper case in1951. Theaverage prices __table 1 - U. S. Fack of Canned Fish Roe and Caviar OSB tS BROT OE : rape Plants: uantity | Value to AY, g. Prical | States of Production of Production Product uantit G- ls faatae [OY | Saas S| sai fae oP Hist Alewife wcccoccccccce Md. 4, Va. 12, N. GC. 9 Shad .ccccccccccccces Md. 1, Wash. 2, Ore. 4, Calif. 2 Deep SEA cecccecccecce Mackerel .cccccccccce 3, Conn. 1 Herring ccccccceeccce Caviar: Salmon ..cccoccccccce Sturgeon -ecececcccccce Whitefish .ccccccccee 1/PRELIMINARY. 2/CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 CANS, EACH CAN WITH A NET WEIGHT OF 16 OUNCES. B/EXCLUSIVE OF DUPLICATION, for the different products varied considerably in 1952-~from a low of $11.86 per standard case for alewife roe to $114.80 per case for salmon and sturgeon caviar. Table 2 - U. S. Pack of Canned Fish Roe and Caviar, 1942-52 Value to|] Avg. es, Value to} Avge. See al Quantity, ee fn Sta. —-- eee ease fe Std.Casely Std. Cases: Cases Std. Cases—/ Fy 64, 64,080 6,192 192 1,905,638 76,095 36,795 948, 042 70,382 55,677 824,197 86,459 59,884 1,044,582 50,629 53,190 910,890 52,452 1/CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 CANS, EACH CAN WITH A NET WEIGHT OF 16 OUNCES. 2/PRELIMINARY eK KK F ANIMAL FOOD FROM FISHERY PRODUCTS: The 1952 pack of canned animal food from fishery products amounted to3,497,653 standard cases, valued at $15,667,350, or an able 1 =- U. S. Pack of Canned Animal Food from Pack of Canned Animal Food from Fishery 7 Products By By States Value to| Avg.Price State Quantity Canners |Per Std. case2/ jotd. Cases: MAME) ehejelele c ejejcloleicie|ejelcieicielelelslelcleieiele’sisiorele ~ 948,054 MaSSachuSetts™ cicie slelelcleie's © ele'siele'elsle civiajereys 829,574 Nie isla Niet holy) Maler, (iarl Gy Vidic ice: clsielelelele «ere 135,186 Miss., Ill., Ia., and Tenn. ecoccecccce |} California and Washington ceccoccececccce Total OAS LOLS OLOLOLSLOLOLS 1 OLOLOLCLOLOLSL SOLO LOLS OLSlOO 18 ) 1/PRELIMINARY. 2/CASES OF VARIOUS SIZES CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 CANS, EACH CAN CONTAINING 16 OUNCES. 256, 326 40 COMMERCIAL FISH&RIGS REVIEW Wells 15, Wo. 5 average price of $4.48per standard case to the canner(table 1). This is the larg- est pack in the historyof the industry--an increase of 49percent in quantity and 34 percent in value as compared with thel951 pack. California and Washington pro- duced 38percent of the pack, Maine 27 percent, Massachusetts 24 percent, and the other states 1l percent. Animal food was canned in 14 plants in California, 8 in Massachusetts, 3 in Maine, 2 in Washington, and 1 plant each in New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Mississippi, Illinois, Iowa, and Tennessee. Table 2 - U. S. Pack of Canned Animal Food from Fishery Products By Size of Can and Case 1952L/ Value to | Avg.Price Can and Case Size Quantity Cannons Per Case_ Actual Cases $ 5 8 Guneas mee (AS) ees) aooouscanancacos0050 17,813 36,527 2.04 38 ” " ( tt T ) Tener ete retonle ec ciatarorn 2,342,781 5,395,174 Bede Gay at my H(t att A) chesarehttontte ere svete ates 2,501,045 | 9,533,337] 4.19 Other sizes (converted to standard cases) . 18,538 104,512 5.64 15,667,350 Total cevccrecccorcccccrcrcrenccsecccs 4,680,177 1/PRELIMINARY . The 1952 pack was about evenly divided between the 8-ounce and and the 16- ounce can (table 2). Fifty percent was packed in the 8-ounce can, 49 percent in the 16-ounce can, and the remaining] percent in containers of various sizes. Table 5 - U. S. Pack of Canned Animal Food from Fishery Products, 1942-52 z i Value to ~~ Avg.Price Year Quantity a0 Canners Per Std.Case2/ Std. Case 2 3 SiG hapad A a Acedia hs Bh 5,497,655 15,667,350 4.48 MODI foc. [eee amen ke | om saimer: 11,875,809 4,99 US5One soemmeseekee | 2arZINsa5 13,870,870 5.10 19497. Or ee ore. | aMigana7Sy 8,563,442 4,48 IAS eisleleisieisisielelelaereie io soO0OS 6,971,003 5.27 TOA TM ca, See Aclstoseite! | Hamooonoe4 3,949,419 4,34 UES Go gS00bd00000008 1,771 D,oL9 3-90 SEQ A ie revevoleletetelere vere cece 104,954 $74,718 Say 1/PRELIMINARY. 2/CASES OF VARIOUS S|ZES CONVERTED TO THE EQUIVALENT OF 48 CANS, EACH CAN CONTAINING 16 OUNCES. NOTE: NO PRODUCTION IN 1944, 1945, AND 1946 BECAUSE CANS WERE NOT ALLOCATED FOR THIS PRODUCT The canning of animal food from fishery products has increased sharply since the end of World War II (table 3). More packers have become aware of the value of animal food produced from fishery products, and the expanding market for this pro- duct. During World War II no cans were allocated by the Government for the canning of animal food, which accounts for the fack that none was produced during that pe- riod. U. S. Production of Selected Byproducts OYSTER AND MARINE-CLAM SHELL PRODUCTS: The production of grit and agricultur— al lime from oyster-shell products in 1952 totaled 429,348 tons, valued at $3,359,024 to the manufacturers (table 1). This was a decrease of 5 nencent in quantity and 1 percent in value as compared with 1951. No clam shells were used in 1952. May 1952 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Pal Crushed-shell products were prepared in 24 plants--3 each in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington; 2 each in Maryland, North Carolina, Texas, and California; and 1 plant each in Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, and Oregon. Crushed Shells for Poultry Feed Unburned Shell Lime antit Value Avg.Price ntit Value EY Fy Ey 571. 58,633 2,508 61,141 25,577 356,717 2,637 a., N. C., Fla., and Ala. .. 79,935 859,529 2/9 ,684 Louisiana and TexaS .eseo.eee | 250,049 Wash., Oreg., and Calif. ...0.. Total ccccceccecccccccccce 1/PRELIMINARY. 356,431 2,939,718 72,917 419,506 429 ,348[5, 359,024 2/\ NCLUDES SMALL QUANTITY BURNED LIME TCRODUCED IN VIRGINIA. The average price per ton for the crushed shell for poultry feed in 1952 was $8.25, second only to the record price of $8.36 in 1951, but the first decline Table 2 - U. S. Production of Oyster and Marine-Clam Shell Products, 1942-52 Crushed Shells for Poultry Feed ear B Total Avg.Price Total Avg.Price Total Short Tons $ 3 Short Tons 2,939, 718 72,917 | 419,306 3,157,129 75,928 411,616 453,319 2,625,896 95,075 520,557 399,375 2,393,794 38,366 | 268,458 362,028 2,140,705 48,505 | 333,787 345,075 2,860,175 62,764 | 402,983 501,393 1,913,584 60,716 | 357,269 390,433 2,001,318 138,032 |572,399 507,096 2,684,306 124,135 |450,390 582,215 2,299,053 110,433 |521,933 509,285 2,028,170 121,005 954,091 466,037 1/PRELIMINARY.- THE ENTIRE PRODUCTION WAS FROM OYSTER SHELLS. ee . < . OR GOaENS QOFrFAInNnNndLOWOUA © tS ae) Q Bb since 1945 (table 2). Prices paid for agricultural lime from marine shells in 1952 averaged $5.75 per ton, an increase of 5 percent over the 1951 price, but 18 percent below the record price of $7.00 per ton in 1949. HHHH EK FRESH-WATER MUSSEL-SHELL PRODUCTS: Fresh water mussel=-shell buttons produced in the United States in 1952 amounted to 5,078,402 gross, valued at $4,430,114 to the manufacturers (table 1). In addition, 2,444 short tons of lime and poultry Buttons Lime and Poultry Grit To Mfgr. | Per Gross g Per Ton To Mfgr. 4,772,57814,196,927 88 2,444 3.45 4,205,358 7 - - 233,187 | 3.45 | LOW olelotelofolslelsielelaicieterste/ctcielelele - Ye, Pas, Mo., and Ark. ..| 305,824] 233,187 6 Ot alWvelelatalelelslaleleleislaleleielen ORO L02 8,431 4,438,545 1/PRELIMINARY e/SMALL QUANTITIES OF LIME AND DUST- PRODUCED IN NEW YORK ARE INCLUDED WITH THE |OWA PRODUCTION. grit (valued at $8,431) were produced by mussel-shell manufacturers. Mussel shells purchased during the year amounted to 8,416 short tons, valued at $393,356 to the fishermen. Mussel-shell products were manufactured in 11 plants in Iowa; 2 in New York; and 1 plant each in Pennsylvania, Arkansas, and Missouri. Shells were taken in 10 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 states in the Mississippi River and Great Lakes region. The producing states in the order of their importance were: Tennessee, which contributed 33 percent of Table 2 - U. S. Production of Fresh-Water Mussel-Shell Products, 1942-5 Bu tt ons ~ Other Total Year Quantity Value Avg. Price Products‘ 2/ Value To Mfer. | Per Gross Value To Mfer. To Mfgr. & ce <3 5,078,402 8,431 4,634,759 84 40,309 4,940,190 Be 51,758 4,720,239 78 71,251 6,810,135 79 50,610 8,254,000 99 4/ 9,669,580 6,527,758 68 101,820 3/9°027,685 | 3/4,844,647 = 8,024,609 4,306,353 54 122 , 550 8,077,523 3,679,205 46 102,723 ISS Ae 1/PRELIMINARY. 2/CRUSHED SHELL LIME, POULTRY GRIT, AND CUT SHELLS. 3/ESTIMATED. 4/DATA NOT AVAILABLE. 4,980,476 85,795 the total quantity; Alabama, 28 percent; Arkansas, 22 percent; Kentucky, 6 percent; Indiana and Iowa, 3 percent each; Mississippi, 2 percent; Illinois, 1 percent; and Louisiana and Wisconsin 2 percent. HMR EE MARINE PEARL-~SHELL BUTTONS: The production of marine pearl-shell buttons in 1952 amounted to 4,486,456 gross, valued at $6,880,104 to the manufacturers (table 1). Table 1 - U. S. Production of Marine Table 2 - U. S. Production of Marine |_____Pearl-Shell Buttons By States, 1952-/ _| Shell Buttons By States 1952L/ Pearl-Shell eutbons |_Pearl-Shell Buttons, 1942-52 | tate Quantity ~e Mfgr. | Per Gross v a Mfer. Per eee 1.53 afoielaterereiele 1.65 New Jersey ..eccoe 1559 Fennsylvania and 1.66 Maryland ....cc.e 1.73 ILOWA cenccccccocce 1.55 Total .....+. 1.63 1/PRODUCED PRINCIPALLY FROM IMPORTED SHELLS. PRELIMINARY. oe This was a decrease of 4 percent in quantity 1 and 11 percent in value, compared with 1951. Manufacturers received anaverage of $1.53 per gross for their 1952 production, compared with an average of $1.65 in 1951 and 84 cents in 1942. IB May 1952 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 U. S. Shrimp Imports, 1952 United States shrimp (fresh, frozen, canned, and dried) imports from all countries in 1952 totaled 38,470,510 pounds, a decrease of 8 percent from 1951 and 4 percent less than in 1950 (table 1). This decline was duemainly to poor fishing on the Mexican west coast. Mexico as usual was still the largest foreign shipper of fresh and frozen shrimp to the United States. Almost its entire production is exported to the UnitedStates. In 1952 Mexican shipments comprised 88 percent of the total shrimp imports into the United States, compared with 94 percent in 1951, and 99 percent in 1950. Table 1 - U. S. Shrimp (Fresh, Frozen, Canned, and Dried) Imports, 1950-52 Country of Origin 1952 ‘1951 1950 ———e———————SS Los. Lbs. Meme or sepuaee teen Pela tenemos S30 765 5447 39,652,640 eine a Shr TM SCN eO nN Uarsgitang ie 143,006 Canal Zone ccoeguocercccccccvcrssscrccee 465,434 657, 350 148,250 Other countries—/ oc. cccvccesccercrecee 805 , 200 MOOD) 204,167 WMowede. GodounocouooNHusNObooNUOD | Lae nAOnenlOnn [MC SESe Rein ECORMEERO IAS) 1/MOSTLY FROZEN, BUT INCLUDES SOME FRESH SHRIMP. 2/MOSTLY CANNED ” AND DRIED, BUT DOES INCLUDE SOME FROZEN SHRIMP. hemes of shrimp (mostly frozen) from Panama have increased substantially in the past few years. From a total of 143,006 pounds in 1950, Panama shipments in- creased to 3,439,429 pounds in 1952. Table 2 - U. 5. Shrimp=/Imports from Mexico by Customs Districts, 1950-52 INCWisiVONKGiieteleleleisie/sielels/ cleleleloleielsls/esisisleicjclele 463,950 1,098 , 900 691,875 BUG All O} sicieicleloieiciejsieln ie vicleieieleisicie.e-sie\s ejsleie 34,600 ROCHEStCr ecccocecorccvcesscorercccsce SO ,000 haces p hl aiiieicleiscisisjcie/sivis«jejelsie's/e/cls\e\s/e/o 93,100 Maeva nde si cvelcielc/ eisicleielelsiclcleicieleiciclelcisejcieicieje 74,600 50 , 000 HUONG Ay eleleleleleielolelcfelolelctelelsiclcicisic/elelsicisisisic 526,513 614,332 INEWROGMEATIS! Velejeieleicielclelsleje\srsjers/elsieleie sie/eiolei! (21,09), 14. 1,842,291 GalVeEStON cecaceccecsccccccccccrccccccce 832 ,550 5,05 68,000 nA Olaiahelereioleiclsioiclelslolcvaie cieleleleieicicie/siele ciel | Ol HOO sol: 3,206,959 AHIWME A'S Ol er eleclelercicie’cleolslclelele/sicin\e\sieivlclsclce'e = 2 > INPUZO MAM eelaletelelsielaisielsvelsalelsielsielolelevelelelerereren [ia cle O20 24,4355 ,880 25,045 , 869 Saigo) MC LOlate oer etelelehelsleleielcleseislelefercicieisieleiatell| (yl pO, O09, 1, 708 ,168 1,659), 952 Los AngeleS seocccocccccccscccorcrccce 591,497 265 , 589 3,096,136 San HRaANCiScO, ceccceccvcvcecciccdice ccs 380 , 000 502 , 648 372,115 Chicas Olialelcrelolelelereisiciclelelsisie sisceleiclelelolelciersiel |Ncig oc m|O9o 2,060,054 4,043,962 Minnesota cecwcccccccccccvccccccccccce 30,000 129,750 WErMONt coccccccccccccccccccccocesccce 3,000 - DUTCH eielelslelei's\clelslelsielsie\c\elcieisieiciele'sleiclelvieie - 1,988 WISCONSIN eccecccscscccccccrccerececce - 54,600 COMNECTICUL ceccccccccereccccccsoccces 4,000 - COLOPAdO cecceccccccccecscccccccceccce 5 78,020 OT 995 Ste LOUIS secsercccccsccescccccsesccce 206 109,616 429,156 WaishiimeCom! (ercleicieleielsicie cielejcie|cic\clelsie's e\cle‘ere 39,000 Or eCZONWeielsicleicleicsieicieiciolereleveicicicvelcielcvelsieicleieie Total @eeGeeeeeeeoeeeeoosoeode OO 762 447 39 575 ass 1/MOSTLY FRESH AND FROZEN. Nh COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 Imports from Mexico by customs districts indicate that the biggest decline occurred in entries through the Arizona Customs District (table 2). Since the bulk of Mexico's west coast production enters the United States through this port of entry, it corroborates the reports that shrimp production in that area has de- clined considerably. a ap SS Wholesale Prices Wholesale average prices for edible fishery products this March were down from the previous month and March 1952. The drop was attributed to heavy inven- tories of frozen fish and lower meat prices. Production of fresn fish was about Table 1 — Wholesale Average Prices and Revised Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, March 19 i Group, Subgroup, Foint of i Indexes and Item Specification Pricing i >) Bana -49 = 100 Feb. | Jan. | Mar. PAE 108.0.| 110.5 | 109.5 Fresh ara Frozen Fishery Products: ...... ape ed Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish: eae Haddock, large, offshore, drawn, fresh ........| Boston Halibut, Western, 20/80 lbs., dressed fresh or frozen .. N.Y.C. Salmon, king, lge. & med., dressed, fresh or frozen ....... i Whitefish, mostly Lake Superior, deere (dressed), fresh . Chicago Whitefish, mostly Lake Erie pound or eau net, Pounds freshwvate odde N.Y.C. Lake trout, domestic, mosuity No. 1, drawn (Geeceee), ficeshiereilers Chicago Yellow pike, mostly Michigan (lakes Michigan & Huron), round, fresh .. N.Y.C. Processed, Fresh (Fish and Shellfish | Fillets, haddock, "sml.,)s skins on, 20-lb. tins.. Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), headless, fresh Che) stieePACa\ -GGa0 coDdD Da bOOUOO0 ObDD0000D000000000 Oysters, shucked, standards .......se.ec-esececeoe| Norfolk area Processed, Frozen (Fish and Shellfish): wel cceccvwecese Fillets: Flounder (yellowtail), skinless Haddock, sml., skins om 10-1b. cello—pack ...... Ocean perch, skins on, 10-1. aelio= Da’ Chiielelololelevelelevetelclololcvere/aiciovetetereters «eee |Glouceste: Shrimp, lge. (26-30 eau)! 5-lb.-pkg. ....+..-| Chicago Canned Fishery Products: .......... : eeeesvicccces Salmon, pink, No. 1 tall (16 oz.), 48 cans Peracasem cen ciate scleleieeseeeje) |) ceatule Tuna, light meat, solid pack, No. 4 “tuna Los (7 0z-), 48 cans per case . 4 Angeles Sardines (pilchards), Calif., tomato pack, No. 1 oval (15 0z.), 48 cans per case seseerece " Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, No. + drawn HOZIe) heel OO ncarisinpencicas climes ect lecioiicet 1/REPRESENT AVERAGE PRICES FOR ONE DAY (MONDAY OR TUESDAY) DURING THE WEEK IN WHICH THE 15TH OF THE MONTH OCCURS. normal for this time of year. The over-all edible fish and shellfish (fresh, frozen, and canned) wholesale index for March was 102.8 percent of the 1947-49 average (table 1)--4.8 percent lower than in February and 6.1 percent below March 1952, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor reports. The March index for the drawn, dressed, or whole finfish subgroup was down 5.5 percent from February, but there were mixed trends for the individual items. May 1952 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 In spite of lighter-than-average landings, large drawn offshore haddock at Boston dropped 35.8 percent. Whitefish at New York and Chicago dropped considerably from a month earlier--43.8 percent at New York and 34.1 percent at Chicago. All other items were priced higher than in February. Compared with March 1952, all items in this subgroup sold at considerably lower prices this March. Fresh processed fish and shellfish prices rose 1.8 percent above February and 9.5 percent over March 1952 due en- tirely to higher shrimp prices. Shrimp landings continued light and the market was strong. Fresh haddock fillet prices at Boston declined while shucked oysters at Norfolk remained unchanged. Compared with March 1952, fresh shrimp andoyster prices were up and haddock prices were down. BOARD ON WHICH TRIP HAILS OF SMALL DRAGGERS From February to March frozen fish AND LINE TRAWLERS ARE POSTED AT NEW ENGLAND ‘ : ‘ an fo) - FISH EXCHANGE, BOSTON FISH PIER, PRIOR TO a shellfish anata ees renege! we) ge THE CALL FOR BIDS. cline, but inventories were being reduced. This decline was more than offset by a further increase in frozen shrimp prices. Frozen fillets of haddock and ocean perch were priced the same as in February, but flounder fillets dropped 11.8 per- cent. Compared with a year earlier, the processed frozen fish and shellfish sub- group index was 2.8 percent higher--shrimp was up 32.1 percent, but haddock fillets and flounder fillets were down 32.2 and 15.4 percent respectively. Canned fishery products prices in March were 0.4 percent higher than in Feb- ruary, but 3.6 percent lower than March 1952. The only change from February was a 1.0-percent increase in canned tuna prices. Inventories of canned tuna were lower and the market stronger. Also, canned tuna was the only canned fish item priced higher than in March 1952-~-all other canned fish were priced lower. SEAWEED RESOURCES OF CANADA DO YOU KNOW THAT: Enough valuable products can be extracted from Canadian seaweed to pay off Canada's national debt, according to Dr. A. &. Kerr, President of Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 ; ~ FOREIGN | International UNITED NATIONS FISH FLOUR AS MILK SUBSTITUTE: A quart bottle of fish flour--suggested as a possible substitute for a quart of milk in countries where cows are scarce--was exhibited in New York to the 26-nation Executive Board of the United Nations In- ternational Children's Emergency Fund on March 20. The sample was celled, by rep- resentatives of UNICEF and the Food and Agriculture Organization, a deodorized, tasteless product rich in calcium, containing twice as much protein as skim milk, and costing about the same as milk. To test the public response to fish flour, FAO hopes to conduct tests inChile later this year, the Board was informed. As a country with a steady supplyof fish, Chile would be especially suitable for trials, FAO believes. The discussion of milk substitutes arose when a report on "Improvement of Child Nutrition” (Doc. E/ICEF/217), drawn up by a Technical Working Group on Long- Range Activities for Children, was introduced by a member of the UNICEF staff. The Working Group, he said, had decided at a recent meeting in Rome that soybean milk and fish fiour were the most promising possibilities for milk substitutes. He then described the nutritional value of the products and mentioned the interest expressed by Indonesia, Guatemala, and Chile. An FAO representative displayed the bottle of fish flour and said the product could be used in blscuits, soups, or mixed with corn meal. One important advan- tage, she said, was that fish flour contains vitamin B-12, essential for growth, which does not appear in the vegetable diets common in some countries. FAO, she said, was gathering samples of various types of fish flour and would select the most suitable for acceptability tests in Chile. eh Australia WHALING SEASON SUCCESSFUL IN 1952: The Australian 1952 whaling season was the most successful on record, according to the January 1953 Fisheries Newsletter pub- lished by the Commonwealth Director of Fisheries. Unfortunately, the substantial drop in whale oil prices has had a marked ef- fect on the total value of the production. This has been offset to some extent by improved efficiency in operations with a corresponding increased yield. During the 1952 season four stations operated at Point Cloates, Carnarvon, and Albany on the west coast, and Moreton Island on the east coast. They processed 1,787 humpback whales for an oil production of 91,360 barrels, equal to 51.lbarrels per whale (see table). Female whales comprised 37.2 percent of the total and their average length was 40.5 feet, the same as in 1951. The average length of maleswas 1 i" iy May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 slightly less than in 1951, being 39.7 feet and the average length of all whales at 40.1 feet was correspondingly lower. Number of stations operating .ccecereccoee Number of whales caught cercsecccsscesecce Number of whales lost eccccccrccccccvccces Number of whales processed ceccccescccccve Percentage of maleS -cccerecvcvccssvccrece Percentage of females ....ccccccercccccere Number Of POCEUSES! . cclecclclcccccccicovecce cio Fercentage of females carrying foetus .... Mes (TERE) GoaadooouogKG Average sean | (feet) sielhcietcthtovaitetie animals (feet) niloteloyeliaieleetehe Oil yield per whale 1/\NCLUDES STATIONS OPERATED ONLY PART TIME. The increase in oil yield per whale from 1949 to 1952 clearly indicates the improvements being made in processing the whales. It will be noted that in 1952 tnere was a considerable increase in the per- centage of female whales as compared with 1951. However, the percentaze is less than in 1950, and the percentage of females carrying a foetus is also less than in 1950, but higher than 1951. No exceptionally large whales were taken and no whale markets were found. There was a large number of sharks present off Point Cloates. The sharks were so i“ (a a) CORR SE eer ee: ahararras eer al seen RUT = eR ee PORE Oe aR of: _ Ss — = SS perenne a =—————ee SS Fe eS ——$—<—— = = i wren eee are Bear a = a — ——— ag ars Re ae ————————— : ey a ——_ SSS AN AUSTRALIAN WHALE CHASER. NOTE FOLDED MAST TO GET UNDER LOW BRIDGES AND ON FOREDECK THE TRACTOR WHICH SERVES AS A WINCH FOR PLAYING WHALES. bad that it was not possible to flag a whale outside the reef. Attempts to do so resulted in more than half the whale being eaten with a corresponding loss in oil production. A total of 80 sharks were shotwhile attacking a singlewhale alongside a catcher. 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wells 155 Weg 5 Canada UNITED KINGDOM TO BUY BRITISH COLUMBIA CANNED SALMON: Great Britain has agreed to purchase C$4,250,000 worth of British Columbia canned salmon, the Cana- dian Minister of Fisheries announced the latter part of March. Reports indicate the purchase will consist of about 200,000 cases of salmon. Failure of Great Britain to purchase usual quantities of Canadian canned salmon in 1952 was mainly responsible for a large carry-over of 500,000 cases from the 1952 pack, reports a March 25 U. S. Embassy dispatch from Ottawa. While it is reported that no conditions were attached to this purchase, it is hoped that the Canadian salmon industry would be able to increase its purchasesof tin plate and fish nets from the United Kingdom. Particularly as tin plate is no longer in such short supply. The Canadian Minister of Fisheries endorsed this recommendation with the remark "that it was only by expanding her trade with this country that Britain could increase her purchases here," reports a March 30 U. S. Embassy dispatch from London. a a SEAL HUNTING PLANS FOR 1953: The Canadian Department of Fisheries states that about 18 vessels, Canadian and foreign, will go out after seals this spring, reports a February 27 dispatch from the U. S. consulate at St. John's, Newfound- land. This is a larger number than anticipated. Of these vessels, nine willoper- ate on the "Front" andthe remainder in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Only five Newfoundland vessels will hunt for seals this year as compared to ninein 1952. It is reported that of the six sealers from Norway, four would work in the Gulf and the remainder on the "Front." Five or six other vessels from Halifax would work in the Gulf. Newfoundland ships clearing this year were ex- pected to leave St. John's between March 5 and 10. The killing date for the Gulf area has been set as NORWEGIAN SEALING VESSEL March 5, and March 10 for the"Front." Itis reported that Gulf seals give birth to young one week earlier than the "Front" seals. Vessels planning to work the Gulf region estimate that about 115,000 animals will have to be taken in order to rate the catch as "good." It is estimated that a herd of about 200,000 seals moves annually in this area where few bedlamers and old seals are to be found. Newly-born seals constitute the main objective. Seal- spotting planes will again be used this year in both waters. The Newfoundlandpress states that up to the end of February there have been no reports of ice in theGulf, causing some concern to sealers planning to operate there. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 Due to adverse weather conditions in 1952 and the uncertainty of market prices, it was not believed that much effort would be made to hunt seals this spring. However, as all 1952 oil and skins were eventually disposed of, sealers have be- come more optimistic as it appears a ready market will be available for the 1953 skins. Seal oil is generally the primary reason for a seal hunt and unfortunately market quotations for oil this spring are 25 percent below those of 1952. al Egypt FISHERMEN'S COOPERATIVES PLANNED: Fishermen's cooperatives in Egypt are being planned by the Department of Coastguards and Fisheries, a March 23 U. S. Embassy dispatch from Cairo states. Present plans call for cooperatives at Lake Manzala and Mariut, but the system could be extended to cover all lakes and sea fisheries. An appropriation of bE40,000 (US$114,800) to finance the plan has been requested from the Egyptian Covernment. Of this total, one-half would be used as a loan fund to finance cooperative associations for the fishing industry, and one-half as a gift from the Government for building construction and purchase of refriger- ated trucks. The importance of the plan to the national economy was outlined by officials of the Department. It was explained that the cooperatives would be private. The Government would assist in formulation not only because of the benefit to the na- tional economy, but to improve the social welfare of Egypt's fishermen. The fish- ermen now live under worse conditions than other groups. Plans: include building model communities for the fisherman, with improvements in health, education, and social conditions. Officials believe that the betterment of fishermen's living conditions will result in increased production to help meet Egypt's ever-growing food demands. German Federal Republic TUNA FREEZERSHIP TO OPERATE OFF PERU: A German whaling company in Hamburg has accepted from a shipyard in Cuxhaven the freezership Caribia, 1,163 gross reg- istered tons, according to the March 6 Dansk Fiskeritidende, a Danish trade paper. The vessel will operate as a freezership for tuna off the Peruvian coast. It has 18 freezing chambers and can freeze 22 tons of tuna daily. Despite the tropicheat, the hold for storing the tuna can be maintained at -4° F, The vessel has a 1,200- hp. motor and a speed of 12 knots. It carries a crew of 21, plus12 fisheryworkers. a Iceland EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1952: Exports of fishery products from Iceland in 1952 amounted to 164,292 metric ton tons, valuedat 580,221,000 kronur (US$35,596,000), according to the National Bank of meeiandils January 1953 Statistical Bulletin (see table). This was a decrease of 21 percent in quantity and 14 percent in valuewhen conpared with 1951 exports of 207,354 metric tons, valued at 678,492,000 kronur (US$41, 625,000). 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 Uncured salted fish was the leading item (on the basis of quantity) shipped out of Iceland in 1952, followed by frozen fish (mostly fillets), and fresh fish. ___Icelandic Exports of Fishery Products, 1951-52 Metric Tons Isienemeali Go GG g000b00G00C OD Here telclelelsieletcloleleleleielele Total ..-scce-cccecee Salted Fish: lakSpeTOI AS CUBA SocooodK Other, uncured ...cccee U CbENECl 5oodcodcoG uf washed & pressed WU ee GG GG0000 StOckfish Cececccic ccs cle ROGAN elsicisiclelelololsiclelelete Fish Meal: lekepmealeles BOG oGdO S0600000 Ocean perchivsratc cicielelele sie Other vicleciccclcec ee cclejec TOTAL ecccecccccecocs Fish Oil: Herring steccccccsee cle Ocean perch sceccecccecs Cod Liver cecceccccvcece Total Canned Rishi Ciciscccelsieeeicle Miscellaneous: Roe, FrOZEN secerccecee W Seulwexel Gqaooboo0DG wy salted for bait .. MOLE ielelelolelcloieioleleicishere 173,720 |10, 649,00 131 613 1,411 | 4,946 1,296] 2,058 | 2,958 | 7,617 | 1,488] 5,574 3 393 733 8 OTN s elepatelele efelele(eicisteley stele 914| 2,883 2,0 Total 2,795 Grand Total .eccsssessees [164,292 [580,221 [35,596,000 KHEKE ER Meath frozen .ciccccccce Meal @eeeaooceeeceoneooveoen0e 8 MOTOR BOAT CURRENCY RETENTION SCHEME EXTENDED: The Icelandic Currency Reten- tion Scheme, commonly known as the "Motor Boat Currency," a form of indirect sub- sidy to the Icelandic motor boat fishing fleet, was extended for one year, effec- tive February 5, 1953. The terms are unchanged, reports a February 16 U. S. con- sular dispatch from Reykjavik. The winter fishery began in January, before agree- ment had been reached on this extension, as the Icelandic Government had urged the industry to operate every day possible. During the discussions of the scheme, the boat operators had made the colla- teral demand that the interest rate on operational loans to the industry by the Na- tional Bank and Fisheries Bank be again reduced to 5 percent. This rate was raised May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 to 7 percent in 1952. The Government acceded to this demand, but provided that the rate should be 5 percent for the first 6 months and 53 percent for the second 6 months. Following the agreement with the Government, the boat operators announcedthe prices to be paid to the fishermen for their shares in the catch (see table). The Icelandic Ex-vessel Fish Prices for 1953, Established by the Union of Icelandic Fishing Vessel Owners (Motor-Boat Fleet Owners) 1953 OwoR 2) Species To Fishermen To Boat Owners To Fishermen To Boat Owners Round coccccccccccccccccccccesccs Split .eccccccccccce Caught with nets+/: After one night: Drawn ceoecce Dressed ceccccrccccccecccccccccscce After three nights: Drawn eccce Dressed . J/NO PRICES ESTABLISHED IN 1952. basic price is for cod, gutted with head on, and was set at I.kr. 1.05 per kilogram (US$2.92 per cwt.), the same price as was paid last year. The prices to be paid in 1953 to boat operators by the buyers and processors were also announced. The buyers and processors basic price is I.kr. 1.00 per kilogram (US$2.79 per cwt.) of gutted cod with head on. A new classification--"netfish"--was added to the price schedules this year. This refers to cod which lie in the net for a period of from 1 to 3 nights, and prices the fish according to freshness. This reflects the fact that many boats are unable to take up all their nets when returning to port, but must return to the grounds the following day or later to collect them, and is an attempt to im- prove uniformity and quality at the processing plants. Both price schedules show increases only for haddock, wolffish (catfish), and roe. Haddockand wolffish arethe most desired Icelandic species on the U. S. market, but represent only a small proportion of the total catch in Icelandic waters. Since the operators have agreed to pay the fishermen I.kr. 1.05 per kilo (US$2.92 per cwt.) for cod and will receive only I.kr. 1.00 (US$2.79 per cwt.) from the processing plants, it is obvious that they are depending upon the indirect sub- sidy of the motor-boat currency scheme to break even or show a profit. Since the fishermen won a substantial increase in their wage guarantee in the agreement which 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 preceded the price announcements, the success of the small boat operators depends more than ever upon the catch this year. They are placing great hopes that the extension of Icelandic territorialwaters tc four miles willresult in an increased catch. HHH EE 4 percent greater than in 1950 (see table), reports the February Statistical Bul- letin of the National Bank of Iceland. Production of fish used for food increased over 1951--102 percent more fish was utilized for salting and 34 percent more fish was filleted. There was a big drop in the amount of fish used for fish meal and oil in 1952--the herring catch was 87 percent less than in 1951, while the utili- zation of other fish for reduction purposes was 90 percent less. Iceland's Fish Production, 1952 with Comparisons BAG Chia chan How Utilized 1952 1951 1950 ‘ Bacio (Meicrs(CM ons) Ieee Herringl/ IOFOS Meallitanmd | S10 s,cy'cretovs a cnrcis seteistoretevelelersyeveterenerers Ment 59360 2) WAL BEMIS, IMOZEIN CogcoodoKaKGODOCGOCDGOCKOOD0RN 8,085 5 060 7,272 Slallkicelira caureye eveteveletetetsteretaveleteieieiereiateterorers oretereraicierenn MeL Oleic 20,090 PsP Other fish2/ (cod, etc.) for: : ; . Fresht. Sed: Lia-cleierafeieroite o hha bs tte Gotten 828755 52,300 32,178 ieeeuaniayer Giovel italNewalyS Goscotodcoso00K500 |BAWeee 93,183 57,041 Canning eececece eee eeoeeeoeeoseoesens0200000080 339 WS 86 Sa ae svoreievererelovensvavel cus 6 beveveve toiol ote roretmroters eler pales Wel O3 63 ,0C7 99 , 343 Siwoelasigh GadoodccccscGccnso0000KbCCacoDd00 || he Wah 6,832 493 Homer ONSUMPEVOMY leislolelelelelolelelolerololcleietercloletelelele 2,427 3,238 2,110 Meal eiacl all Goode FoodoubosooduoK 080 b0G00 6,582 67,460 70,076 Total 336,760 1/WHOLE FISH. 2/DRAWN FISH. Japan POLICY ON TUNA EXPORTS IN 1953: Japanese Government officials and members of the tuna industry are holding discussions to formulate the policy on exports of tuna for the new Japanese fiscal year, April 1, 1953, to March 31, 1954. No offi- cial Government announcement has been issued as yet, but is expected shortly, re- ports a March 17 U. S. Embassy dispatch from Tokyo. Reports indicate the Government favors continuing the policy of a quota and check prices on exports to the United States as was in effect during the past fis- cal year. The last fiscal year's quota on frozen tuna was 21,000 short tons, but was originally established at 12,000 tons; canned tuna quota is 1,150,000 cases, originally fixed at 1,000,000 cases. & discussion by producers and exporters indicates a strong desire for an in- itial quota of 30,000 tons for 1953. The canners have declared a production goal of 1,500,000 cases of tuna, but are withholding comment on the quota desired by them for export pending further study. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 The Chairman of the Council on Tuna Exports (including producers of frozen tuna and _canners) has proposed a meeting between tuna representatives of theUnited States and Japan to discuss the problem of exports before deciding on the Japanese policy for 1953. No agreement has been reached on this suggestion by members of the Council. Some elements in the Japanese tuna industry are optimistic that no definite action will be taken to apply a tariff on imports of frozen tuna intothe United States. This feeling is influenced by (a) the defeat in the U. S. Senate (June 1952) of the bill to place a temporary tariff of 3 cents per pound on im- ports of fresh and frozen tuna; (b) a recent report that a bill had been defeated in the California State Assembly to levy a state tax equivalent to 3 cents per pound on frozen tuna imported from Japan (Mainichi, March 10); and (c) expectation of continued and added support from some United States canners opposing a tariff on imports of frozen tuna because they need Japanese tuna to meet their full pro- duction requirements. He HH EK PROPOSAL TO REMOVE FUR-SHALING BAN: The recently organized League for the Promotion of Japanese Fur Sealing has proposed that the Japanese Government's ban on pelagic fur sealing be removed to permit operations in the coastal waters of Japan. According to a recent press item (Nippon Kaizai, March 10), the League gave the following reasons for its proposals: 1. Results of the joint investigation of fur seals in coastal waters of Japan in 1952 by Canada, United States, and Japan have revealed that the continued re- striction on fur-seal hunting would not substantially increasé the supply of fur seals in Japanese waters. 2. The fur seals which migrate to Japanese waters feed on fish, hence are harmful to the Japanese fishing industry. 3. Approximately US$2,800,000 per year could be realized from the sale of 50,000 pelts exported at an estimated value of US$56 per pelt. The League further proposed that, if operations ere resumed, (a) the season should be from April through August, (b) hunting should be principally offHokkaido and the eastern (Pacific) coast of Honshu, (c) the Government should license ap- proximately 60 catcher boats averaging 20 to 30 gross tons each, and (d) the Gov- ernment should limit the catch to less than 50,000 seals a year "to conserve the resource." It is also suggested that an association be formed to handle the sale of exports of the pelts. The Japanese Government has made no announcement on this proposal, reports a March 13 American Embassy dispatch from Tokyo. This effort to remove the restrictions on Japanese fur sealing reflects a part of the policy and charges of the prewar period which led to the abrogationby Japan of the Fur Seal Convention in October 1941. One of the principal reasons given by the Japanese for that action was the charge that the fur seals were ad- versely affecting the fisheries by consuming large quantities of commercially val- uable fish. Insufficient knowledge of fur-seal biology existed at that time to answer satisfactorily the criticism by the Japanese fishermen and other interests. Occupation authorities in October 1945 advised the Japanese Government that pelagic sealing would not be countenanced, in recognition of the provisions of the Fur Seal Convention of 1911. Evidence indicates that some illicit pelagic sealing was con- ducted despite this order. By a cooperative arrangement of the Japanese Government and the Occupation Government, pelagic fur-seal investigations in the coastal waters of Japan were 5h COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 begun in 1949 and continued in 1950. In 1952, the joint investigation was con- ducted on an intensive scale from February through June. Preliminary analysis of the 1952 data reveals that approximately 69 percent of the stomach contents of the seals examined (2,312) had no commercial value. The most important item in the fur seal's diet is lantern fishes. Answers to other questions on the source and maintenance of the fur seal resource in Japanese coastal waters are expected to be provided with the completion of the analysis of the 1952 data. HHHEH EH by the Japanese Government. The Australian Government requested that the expedi- tion's departure date be postponed until a Japan-Australia Fisheries Agreement has been reached. The Japanese Government has already accepted the proposal from the Australian Government to open negotiations for such an agreement at Canberra on April 13, 1953. In case an agreement is not reached within one month after the commencement of negotiations, the sailing of the pearl-shell fishing expedition will be subject to further consideration by the two governments. JAPANESE GOVERNMENT PX Malaya use of the ring-net type of fishing gear have shown very encouraging results, ac- cording to a recent report of the Federation of Malaya's Fisheries Department. Since December 1952, the Trustful IV, a fishing smack purchased in Scotland and manned by a Scotch crew, has been used in experimental ring-net fishing operations off the coast of Perak. At first, the mesh (designed for herring) proved to be too large for use in Malayan waters. However, after switching to a net of smaller mesh, results improved at once, reports a March 18 U. S. consular dispatch from Kaula Lumpur. EXPERIMENTS WITH RING-NET FISHING GEAR: Experiments being conducted in the The Scotch crew is now training Malays in the use of a ring-net designed for use in Malayan seas. It combines the features of Malayan and European nets. The Department of Fisheries says that the fishing operation is almost completely mech- anized, from shooting out the net to hauling in the fish. The experimental fish- ing unit, which has been operating with one large boat and one smaller boat, has been catching as much fish as the most modern local craft, the Fisheries Department claimed. Moreover, the Trustful IV is manned by only 8 fishermen (4 Scotch and 4 Malays) as compared to 24 men who operate one of the modern local fishing boats. The fishermen on the Trustful IV were especially proud when on a recent expedition they brought in a ton of fish, whereas the local craft operating in the same area caught no fish at all. Machinery is also used for unloading the fish. The Fisheries Department plans to have the fishing unit operated entirely by Malays by the end of August 1953. The Trustful IV, already commanded by a Malay, will then be used for demonstration and training of additional fishing crews in the Federation. A spokesman of the Fisheries Department said that local fishermen will also be taught how to use the ring=net gear to increase their catch of ikan kembong, a low-priced fish much in demand by the Malayan workers and farmers. XY, ve May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 Mexico REVIEW OF THE FISHERIES, 1940-49: The Mexican catch of fishery products in 1949 totaled 71,866 metric tons, valued at 103.8 million pesos (US$12 million). There has been a steady increase in the Mexican fish catch each year since 1940 (table 1); the increase has averaged about 13 percent each year. However, it is = aAxr9M one ORE eo CoOuMn 5 8 fe) 2 $ mo’ ClRPrPww @ co F Ww Fate) CONVERTED TO US$ AS FOLLOWS: 1940--4,85 PESOS PER US$1.00; 1941-47=-4.86 PESOS PER US$1. 1949--8.65 PESOS PER US$1.00 B/DATA NOT AVAILABLE. 3 1948--6,88 PESOS PER US$1.00; not likely to increase at this pace in the future because of reduced supplies of the main export species and the slow expansion of the domestic market. This is based on the "Fisheries" section of The Economic Development of Mexico, a recent report issued in Mexico. The report is a study made by the Combined Mexican Work- ing Party of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Mexican Government (Nacional Financiera). The most important development in the Mexican fisheries since 1940 has been the great increase in the shrimp and sardine catches, which now account for more than half the total catch. The shrimp catch, most of which is exported, rosefrom 5,100 metric tons in 1940 to 18,500 metric tons in 1949. The sardine catch, con- sumed almost entirely within the country, increased from 2,700 to 18,700 tons in the same period. The catch of other species, sold mainly in the domestic market without processing, more than doubled between 1940 and 1945, but decreased some- what since then because of the concentration on shrimp and sardine fishing in the Gulf of California and Lower California. The catch increase was made possible by the expansion of the Mexican fishing fleet--from 7,900 tons in 1941 to 23,500 tons in 1949 (table 2)--and by the estab- lishment of a fish canning and freezing industry. In 1950 this industry included 68 plants, mainly for processing shrimp and sardine. These are located mostly on the Guif of California and in Lower California. Fish exports, principally shrimp and small amounts of abalone and lobster, have increased from 8,200 metric tons, valued at 7 million pesos (US$1.4 million) in 1940 to 22,900 tons and 163 million pesos (US$18.8 million) in 1949 (table 3). In each year, exports were equivalent to about one-third of the total production, Although the United States market could absorb more Mexican shrimp and abalone at remunerative prices, there is no outlook for a substantial expansion of these exports because of the scarcity of these species. The shrimp catch in the Gulf of California, the main producing center, has been declining sharply in the 1950/51 and 1951/52 seasons. It is possible, nevertheless, that the adoption of conserva- tion methods, towards which some recent measures have been directed, could raise the catch again to former or even somewhat higher levels. New fishing areas are being opened near Mazatlan and SalinaCruz onthe Pacific Coast andfurther expansion 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 in Campeche on the Mexican Gulf Coast is possible. Increased production in these regions could compensate for the decline in the Gulf of California area and allow for some increase over the 1949 level if production in the Gulf of Californiaagain increases. There seems to be no possibility of expanding the catch of the better type of abalone now being taken; prices are much lower for the other available types. Prospects for developing exports of additional fishery products are not good. The output of sardines could be increased substantially even with existing equip- able 2- Mexican Fishing Fleet, 1941- No.of Registerea Vessels and Net Tonnage) INO» 0. of Registered Vessels 1 to 3 Tons 3.1 to 10 Tons 10.1 to 50 Tons 50.1 to 100 Tons Over 100 Tons Total Vessels T/IN ADDITION, RENTED FOREIGN VESSELS OF MORE THAN 100 TONS TOTALED 816 TONS IN 1949 NOTE: DATA FROM NACIONAL FINANCIERS UNPUBLISHED STUDY ON MEXICAN FISHERIES. ment and facilities, but exports to the United States are hampered by high tariffs. Tuna fishing on the high seas would require a basic reorientation of the Mexican fishing industry and considerable new investment. A Mexican tuna-fishing industry must also expect to encounter difficulites in competing with the tuna industries of other countries because the Mexican labor law See would result in high a Lobster year Export Value port Value: ae Metric Millions] Millionsl, —— Millions |Millions1/|Metric|Millions|Millionsl]/|Metric Millions Millionsl Tons _|of Pesos] of US$ COOPKFPOHPHEPENES te h-0 ORONOROEULOLO FPwWPRPAIFUOFO 5.0.0 -Q. 0800-0 0000 PHP RPNNPWWWWW oesce 5 MIIYWOKHP EF HUHNE FW PO NWNWHEUYW HPHOOPPUaANnE aBvewieme 06 oh 02 ol el ok Ae) 05 02 27 : 1/CONVERTED TO US$ AS FOLLOWS: 1940--4,85 PESOS PER US$1.00; 1941-47--4.86 PES! 1949--8,65 PESOS PER US$1,00, fo} S PER US$1. 005 1948--6,88 PESOS PER US$1.00 operating costs. Moreover, it can be assumed that the United States, the only major market, would take whatever steps may be necessary to protect its own tuna- fishing industry if confronted with increased supplies of tuna from abroad. Onthe whole, therefore, it is improbable that the volume of fishery products exports from Mexico will continue to expand more than slightly over the present level. In view of the not too favorable outlook for exports, the best opportunityfor expanding Mexican fisheries therefore lies in production for the domestic market. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW OM) Although a remarkable increase in the consumption of fish occurred during World War II, when consumption more than doubled in five years, the amount of fishery products consumed annually in Mexico is still less than 2 kilograms (4.4 pounds) per person (table 4). The level of consumption has been’ almost stationary since ° MWNOWNOWW OD 4 4 he 30 30 2 2 2 ° 1946. There are no imminent limits on the supply of species consumed in the do- mestic market; however, the low level of incomes, inadequate facilities for trans- porting and handling fish, and an inefficient distribution system operating with high margins seriously restrict the local market and the possibilities for expansion. KHHKKE ——— SC” but 87 percent more than in February 1952 Sinaloa Shrimp Exports to United States: (see table) February 19 with Comparisons we tee Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. Mazatlan....| 517,366| 667,019|300,291 opolobampo +| _43,250| 346,030 = March 9 U. S. consular dispatch from Ma- Totaleces> 1,013,049]300,291 | gatlan states. This will be an experiment in an effort to stem the reported depletion of shrimp stocks off the West Toast. It is believed that during the 45-day period that shrimp fishing will be banned, the shrimp will migrate to the bays and estuaries for spawning, later returning to the sea to grow. However, unlike last year, deep-sea shrimp fishing will continue to the end of the season on July 1. The season for shrimp fishing in the bays on the west coast of Mexico was de- clared closed from March 1 to April 15, 1953, by the Secretaria de Marina, a >! ~ SS Colony of Mozambique REVI#W OF THE FISHERIES, 1950: The total catch of fishery products in Mozam- bique during 1950 amounted 56 9,271,280 pounds as compared with the 1949 catch of 8,557,289 pounds, reports a recent dispatch from Lourenco Marques. However, even with this increase there was still not sufficient fish to supply the domestic re- quirements. The 1950 catch consisted of 7,916,713 pounds of fresh fish, 181,072 pounds of shellfish, and 1,173,493 pounds of miscellaneous fishery products. 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 The two fishing companies that operated in Mozambique in 1949 dissolved dur- ing 1950. This placed increased importance on the activities of small and inde- pendent fishermen. Goanese and native fishermen operating with small trawlers and sailing vessels were the backbone of the industry. In 1950 a total of 6,177 persons were engaged in fishing as compared with 4,753 in 1949. There were 12 trawlers and 1,303 sailing vessels operating in 1950 as against 7 trawlers and 1,042 sailing vessels in 1949. A United States citizen has chartered a trawling vessel from the Mozambique Government and entered the spiny lobster fishing business. Under the terms ofthe contract all fish taken on each voyage will be sold on the local market at fixed prices, thus augmenting the local food supply. The spiny lobsters will be exported to the United States. Aside from increasing the food supply, the dollar revenue of the province will be increased. Norway EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1952: Although the quantity of fishery products exported by Norway in 1952 was Sonera below that of 1951, the over-all value was somewhat higher. The principal exports were fish meal, salted herring, fresh and iced herring, klipfish (salted and sun-dried cod), fresh and iced fish other than herring, frozen herring, stockfish (unsalted dried groundfish), and canned fish (table 1). eae Tons Herring, fresh & iced c.cc.ccccccercccvere Herring, frozen ..cccccccccccccevcccrcoce Other fish, fresh & iced ceccceccccccvece Fillets, frozen ecoccccccvvvcecceccccccvce Fish, whole, frozen scecccccccceecccccece IStockfish (unsalted dried groundfish) ... Klipfish (salted & sun-dried cod) ....... Herring, salted cecessscccccccevcvccccece eeeceeceseeereeeooeeeeoeeoeoee feal, herring and other fish .ccccccccvce IZ) 6 oe 14, ey 551 ILODSCEr cecccccccccccccccccccccccsccosces Sloss cocco09ad0900 a Uo alse Cod liver! oislmedsacimallamepeiererererseteyereteteyereten |e an 5334,676| 1 ae. 157 ee od-liver oil, other than medicinal ..... 44,839,126 | 5,571,208 T/1N THE 1952 STATISTICS SOME MINOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT INCLUDED. 2/DATA NOT AVAILABLE FOR 1952, The principal items exported to the United States were fish meal, canned fish and shellfish, and frozen fillets (table 2). Of the 125,256 metric tons of fish May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 meal exported by Nor- way, 30 percent or 38,110 tons were shipped to the United States. Can- ned fish and shellfish exports to the United States amounted to 9,580 tons--39 percent of the total Norwegian exports. Norway's ex— ports of frozen fish fillets totaled 12,661 tons, of which 6,142 tons or 49 percent were shipped to the United States. Table 2 ~- Principal Norwegian Fishery Products Exports to United States Fillets, frozen ..... Stockfish ...cescocccccecccccccevcee Hetpreirapap Sadlsvediviis cleic cl clele|ele/ele/eielelslelele allay, Gedbascl GosooadoognKoUdoDonUdKO Canned fishery products ...eccccccee Meal, herring and other fish ....... US Gallons 236,236 175,180 Cod-liver oil, medicinal .......cce. Cod-liver oil, other tnan medicinal 4/SOME MINOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT INCLUDED. 334,270 Aon SI KHHHK HEH AUTOMATIC WEIGHING MACHINE FOR HERRING: Herring are automatically weighed into boxes at a large plant in Bergen, Norway, by a weighing machine designed by Magnus K. Johannessen of that city. He has specialized in the design and construc- tion of packaging and weighing machines, according to the February 25 issue of Fiskaren, a Norwegian trade paper. His solution to the problem of whether it is better to weigh or measure herring is a machine which has a capacity of 200 weigh- ings per hour and is accurate to withinone ortwo herring. Theherring are weighed in a rotating drum and flow evenly from the drum into the box. Although the equip- ment is designed for weighings of small quantities, the same system can be used with herring for reduction plants. Weighing machines with a capacity of 100 tons per hour or more can be built, it is claimed. KREKE EK WHAL® AND SPERM OIL PRODUCTION, 1952/53: Norway's production of whale and sperm oil in the 1952/53 season was 135,200 long tons, including production of the Antarctic whaling fleets and production at the Norwegian land station at Husvik Harbour, South Georgia, but not including production at shore stations in Norway. The 1953 Antarctic pelagic whaling season ended at midnight, March 16, 1953, with the Norwegian share of the total catch reduced approximately in proportionto her reduced participation this year. Norway entered the race for whales with only 7 expeditions, compared to 10 in 1952 (other countries sent a total of nine expeditions each time). Three Nor- wegian floating whale factories were transferred to more profitable tanker operations. The Norwegian Antarctic pelagic whaling fleets this season produced 738,100 barrels of whale oil and 27,400 barrels of sperm oil (6 barrels equal 1 long ton), com- pared with 971,800 barrels of whale oil and 116,300 bar- rels of sperm oil during the 1951/52 season (table 1). As in previous years, the Norwegian companies which engage in pelagic whaling sold their 1952/53 catch through a common marketing pool. While most of the seven Norwegian expeditions which participated this season accounted for more whale oil 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, Now 5 than they did in 1952, the total catch was only 76 percent of last season's. The production of sperm oil this season was uniformly poor, with the result that the - total was down to 23 percent of last season's. Because of the poor market for sperm oil this year, the Norwegian whaling fleet arrived in the Antarctic just prior to the opening of the blue-whale sea- son, thus missing the usual pre-season sperm-whale oper- ations. The entire fleet, furthermore, returned directly to Norway at the close of the regular season. Table 1 - Norway's Bae Whale and Sperm Oil _Production, 19 (-1952 Seasons cae Land Station (Husvik Season Ree Fleets Harbor, South Georgia) Whale Oil]Sperm Oil 935,968 939,827 1/S\X BARRELS EQUAL 1 LONG TON. 2/PRELIMINARY. 3/REVISED. Since the average number of catchers per expedition was larger this year and since, for the first time, helicopters and modern ultrasonic equipment were taken along by some of the Norwegian expeditions, the authorities had been counting on a catch of about 800,000 barrels. Helicopters were used this year by the Thorshavet and Norhval expeditions; ultrasonic equipment designed to - bring whales to the surface was installed on some of re a aeae aie te the catchers on an experimental basis. Afterthe first mug simprciere tend : : ; tations in Norway, 1947-50 favorable reports began coming in, moreover, it appear- SSS ed that the Government's estimate had beenpessimistic. Year2/[whale Oil [Sperm 011 | However, during the latter partof the season, some of the Norwegian expeditions werehampered by bad weather. The total catch for the expeditions of all coun- tries participating this year didnot come so close to the international limit of 16,000 blue-whale unitsl/ [1948 as it had in 1952. With 7 of the 16 expeditions par- ticipating this year, Norway accountedfor about 5,000 Dapeae ns HONE) WER of the approximately 15,000 units reported. Last year [3/pevisep. the proportion was 7,151 out of 15, 875 units. See cops The stabilization of the whale-oil price at the compar- atively low level of 470 (US $196) per long ton makes the reduced production an even harder blow to the Norwegian economy. From a post-Korea high of &170 (US#476), the price had sunk to £120 (US$336) by the fall of 1951. Then, very rapidly in January 1952 the price dropped to £70 (US $196). Norway's 1951/52 sea- son production of whale oil was finally disposed of at an 107,500 a 100 average of L82 (US$230) per long ton. The average price aes ee 23,000 0,000 for the renee season was 2 au «_3/REVISED. E71 10s. US$200) per long ton. i A 2 FIN WHALES, OR 25 L 10S! WH Table 3 - Utilization of aa Production, United Kingdom ..... Sweden -- ssc cccscccs Western Germany .... Denmark ..sceccccoce Belgium .--s-ccocces Netherlands ........ France ... or processing and subsequent export .. For processing and domestic consumption 1/FROM TRADE SOURCES, ae) May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 In spite of a few advance sales at higher prices, the average price for this sea- son's production has been only L71 10s. (US$200) per long ton. This year, for a change, practically the entire production had been sold before the close of the season. Considering both the reduced production and lower average price, it ap- pears that Norway's income from pelagic whaling in 1953 will be less than two- thirds of the 1952 figure. Most of Norway's whale-oil production was exported (table 3) The Norwegian shore station on South Georgia this season produced 43,300 bar- rels of whale oil and 2,300 barrels of sperm oil (table 1). This was less than the previous season's production of 47,100 barrels of whale oil and 1,500 barrels of sperm oil, an April 29 American Embassy dispatch from Oslo points out. In addition to the above, shore stations in Norway produced 14,800 barrels of sperm andwhale oil--about the same as during the previous season (table 2) « Republic of the Philippines IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1951-52: Philippine total imports of fishery products from all countries in 1952 were valued at 15,826,000 pesos (US$7,913,000), a decrease of 33 percent from the 1951 value of 23,709,COO pesos (US$11,854,500). The Philippines normally import large quantities of California sardines, but in 1952 that fishery was almost a complete failure; this no doubt accounted for the large drop in imports of fishery products. Philippine exports of fishery products to all countries in 1952 were valued at 96,000 pesos (US$48,000), 2 percent less than in 1951 when exports were valued at 98,000 pesos (US$49,000). Portugal COD INDUSTRY: Production of Salted Cod, 1952/53: The landings of wet-salted cod in Portugal during the 1952/53 season by the fleets fishing on the banks off Newfoundland and Greenland amounted to 53,240 metric tons (table IDA Weal Gig) EY CE percent increase over the catch for the 1951/52 season, reports a March 20 U. S. Embassy dispatch from Lisbon. The amount of dried cod obtained from this catch is Table Portuguese Cod Landings from Banks Off Newfoundland a reenland, 19 Pirvondiiicktss won 21 trawlers Total 0 1 1951/52 season: 45 schooners |24,528 |14 20 trawlers Total 950/51 season: : : 45 schooners {24,105 179,293! 6,193,000) 154 {1,208} 42,000 18 trawlers 6 193,384) 6,679,000) 986 16,066 il B72,677 [12,872,000] 1,140 [7,274 1251, 000 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 not yet available as the fish is still in the process of drying; however, it is expected to total about 38,680 metric tons. Total production of cod-liver oiland other byproducts from the 1952/53 catch are not yet available. Imports of Salted Cod, 1951-52: Portuguese imports of salted cod in 1952 totaled 11,693 metric tons (table 2), valued at 99,189 contos (US$3,426,000). This is 47 percent less than the 22,027 metric tons imported in 1951, valued at 204, 334 contos (US$7,058,000). France was the leading supplier for the first time, while imports from traditional sources Table 2 - Portuguese Imports of Cod, 1951-52 fell substantially. In 1952Nor- Country of Origin wegian shipments decreased 66 percent and Canadian shipments were off 57 percent from 1951. The reduction appears to have been due to high prices and, in the case of Canada, to the fact that payment in dollars was re- quired for the first time. Pre- viously, payment in sterlinghad béen accepted, even after New- foundland became a part of Canada. The Portuguese Supply Commission absorbed losses due to higher prices of imported cod in 1952. In December retail price increases of 18 to 23 percent were announced for imported cod to offset the 25-percent increase in the cost of importing. At the same time, it was announced that "yellow-cured"1/ cod will be produced in Portugal for sale at the same price as the imported product. OISWaAVaitolelelelolelcloleleletelaletelterte! Iheeleivel Gooosadaodda0t6s Deanbals Godcqqc000000000 reenland secccccccccvcs OCHETS ceccccvccevccceve Total: Quantity 11,693 22,027 Value (Contos) 99,189 204,334 Value (US$ 3,426,000 }'7,058,000 The Minister of Economy stated that consumption for 1953 is estimated at 79.2 million pounds, of which 15.8 million pounds will be imported and 63.4 million pounds supplied by the Portuguese fishing fleet. Of the latter, 10.6 millionpounds will be "yellow-cured." The supply of salted cod appeared to be adequate throughout 1952 despite the substantial reduction in imports. It would appear that a further reduction in in- ports is anticipated for 1953. All cod produced and imported was for domestic consumption. There were no exports. 1/\MPORTED COD 1S "YELLOW-CURED' AND 1S MUCH ORIER THAN PORTUGUESE NATIONAL CURED. Thailand GOVERNMENT-SUPERVISED WHOLESALE FISH MARKET: The new wholesale fish market recently completed at Bangkok commenced operations in April under the supervision of the Thai Government, states a March 6 dispatch from the U. S. Embassy at Bangkok. The new market was built at a cost of 6 million baht (US$478,000). A sum of 11 million baht (US$876,000) has been appropriated from the 1953 national budget for the installation of an ice and cold-storage plant. Thirteen fish-auctioneering companies (including one that is government-spon- sored) have registered to operate at the market. Previously, 9 brokers controlled the fresh marine-fish trade in Bangkok. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 THAILAND FISHERMEN CULLING THEIR CATCH ACCORDING TO SPECIES AND SIZE. WOMAN IN CENTER IS A FISH BUYER. The objectives of this project are: (1) to encourage the organization of fisherman's cooperatives, (2) to more closely supervise the lending practices of the brokers; and (3) to improve distribution and marketing methods. ss United Kingdom STATUS OF ICELANDIC-BRITISH FISHING DISPUTE: There is some speculation that the Icelandic-British fishing dispute may be considered at the meeting of the Per- manent Commission of the North European Overfishing Convention which is scheduled to take place in London on May 5. This possibility was reported in the April 6 issue of the Manchester Guardian, The article traces the course of the dispute through its protracted negotia- tions on several levels, and attempts to assess the attitude of the trawler owners to the consideration of the dispute by the Permanent Commission, reports an April13 United States Embassy dispatch from London. Excerpts from the article follow: ",,eHere, on the Humber, leaders of the trawling industry at Grimsby and Hull are eagerly awaiting the meeting of the permanent commission, confident that their condemnation of Iceland's action and subsequent attitude will be upheld. 64, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 "The Icelandic Government, it will be remembered, announced in May (1950) that, as a measure to conserve fishing grounds, the fishing limits off the Ice- landic coasts would be extended from the old line drawn three miles from the coast to a new limit drawn four miles from a line linking coastal headlands. To British trawlers, long accustomed to fish in the bays of Iceland's deeply-indented coast, the extension of enclosed waters was a heavy blow, depriving them, as they esti- mate, of some one million hundredweights of better quality fish every year. Their reply was to refuse at Hull and Grimsby to allow the Icelanders to use their own privately-owned unloading facilities. "When Icelandic trawlermen countered this with a plan to form a company to provide landing facilities of their own, British skippers and mates refused to put to sea at all until they had an understanding from merchants not to handle any Icelandic fish. There, with Icelandic trawlers virtually excluded from British ports, the matter now rests in a stalemate. "Representations fromthe British Government to Iceland have not been very productive, and in any case, being a signatory of the Overfishing Convention, Britain is somewhat inhibited in the matter of unilateral action. Under the pro- visions of the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade the BritishGovernment could not readily limit the landing of foreign-caught fish at British ports, so, although the trawler-owners advocate governmental regulation of imports as a general policy, it is to the Overfishing Convention rather than the Government that they are look- ing for immediate support. "Apart from uncertainty about the power of their Government to help them, the British trawlermen have another reason for wanting the dispute heard at interna- tional level. They are extremely apprehensive that other countries may follow Iceland in extending fishing limits. Iceland only acted after the Hague Court had upheld a similar Norwegian claim. In the face of this, Iceland felt safe in ex- tending her limits, and so, say the men of Hull and Grimsby, might Denmark; and, in doing so, close the valuable grounds around the Faroe Islands. Again, Iceland, and later others like her, might not for long be content with the headland line. It is believed in Grimsby that the line of the Continental Shelf, the hundred- fathom line, is already being talked about. "Tceland at present forbids her own trawlers to fish where those of other na- tions are prohibited; but there are many in Grimsby who have no faith that she will retain this equality of treatment once the new territorial-water line has been es- tablished and internationally recognized...." het = = ‘Bh oh Venezuela FISHING REGULATIONS: Two decrees restricting the methods of fishing were issued recently by the Venezuelan Ministry of Agriculture, states a March 5 U. S. Embassy dispatch from Caracas. These decrees, numbers 3 and 4, were published in Gaceta Oficial on March 3. Decree No. 3 states: "Article 1--It is prohibited to use the system of tapas regardless of the material of which these are made. Article 2--It is also prohib- ited to fish with nets known as chinchorros, palms, tree bark, or vines. Article3-- Violations will be penalized with finesranging from RBolivares 50 toBolivares 10,000 (US$15-$3,000) and the confiscation of the materials." May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 Decree No. 4 states: "Article 1--It is prohibited to fish with electric, gasoline, or any other lamps in the interior waters or within a distance of 9,200 meters or 5 miles of the coast. Article 2--The use in fishingof linesof argollas, circles of nets, tarrafas, purse seines, is prohibited in the waters of the inter- ior or within 9,200 meters or 5 miles of the coast. Article 3--The use filetes cariteros, tendidos de hilo, or ahorque in the interior waters or within a dis- tance of 9,200 meters or 5 miles of the coast are also prohibited. Article 4--~ Infractions will be penalized with fines ranging from Bolivares 50 to Bolivares 10,000 (US$15-$3,000) and the confiscation of the materials." The Venezuelan Ministry of Agriculture states that the several local names used above are: Article 1,forms of purse seines; Article 2, gill nets. Evidently there are numerous forms of netting differing somewhat in various regions of the country. In this resolution an attempt is being made to prohibit two generaltypes of nets--purse seines and gill nets. In an interpretation of the new regulations, the Minister of Agriculture stated that they do not apply to large streams such as the Orinoco, a dispatch from the U. S. Embassy at Caracas states. In that river the methods prohibited for small streams will not apply. HHeKHK EH PEARL FISHING IN 1953 SEASON NOT PROFITABLE: The 1953 Venezuelan pearl-oys- ter season was not profitable, reports a March 9 U.S. Embassy dispatch from Caracas. A total of 219 boats engaged in the fishery this year off the Island of Margarita from January 1 to April 1. The total average catch for the fleet was between 30 and 50 carats of pearls per day, about 35 percent lower than the last previous pearling season in 1951. The pearls are valued at between 1 and 13 bolivares (29 and 45 U. S. cents) per carat, not much lower than in 1951. In 1912 pearls averaged about 6 bolivares (US$1.791/) per carat, but have never been as high since. In 1940 the Banco Agricola y Pecuario established a floor price for the principal grade "small round" of 2.20 bolivares (69 U.S. cents2/) per carat and had to purchase almost the entire harvest. This year, it is stated, the Bank finally disposed of 100,000 carats of its several years supply at 1.80 bolivares (54 U. S. centsl/), It is believed that the world-wide changing tastes in jewels has reduced the demand for pearls. 1/ BASED ON CURRENT EXCHANGE RATE: 3.35 BOLIVARES EQUAL US$1.00. 2/ 1940 EXCHANGE RATE: 3.19 BOLIVARES EQUAL uS$1.00. 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 General Services Administration NEW INTERIM CANN#D SALMON SPECIFICATION: A revised interim Federal Specifica- tion for canned salmon (PP=S-0031b, dated May 1, 1953) has been approved by the Pro- visions Technical Committee, comprised of represen- tatives of interested U. S. Government Agencies. Based upon available technical information, this in- terim specification issued by the General Services Administration has not been approved for promulgation as a regular Federal Specification as yet. Subject to modification, it is currently issued for optional use by all Federal agencies. Major changes over the previous specification (dated August 8, 1951) include: (a) Two types of canned salmon. Type I - Prepared from fresh (unfrozen) salmon. Type II- Prepared from frozen salmon. (b) Shipping container shall be marked with the month and year of processing. (c) Army, Navy, and Air Force requirements that the average vacuum of 7 inches for a lot shall be required at point of acceptance. Copies of Federal Specifications and the Federal Specifications Index may be obtained upon application, accompanied by check, money order, cash, or Government Printing Office coupons, to the General Services Administration, Business Service Center, Region 3, Seventh and D Streets SW., Washington 25, D. ©. Single copies of product specifications required for bidding purposes are available without charge at the GSA Regional Offices in Boston, New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, Mo., Dallas, Denver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Washington, D. ©. Prices of additional copies may be obtained from the GSA Regional Offices. hy Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION LARGE HERRING MAY Be TEMPORARILY LABELED "LARGE SARDINES:" Canners are permit- ted to can and label he herring (Clupea harengus farengus) ‘over nine inches as "large sardines." Canners who have specifically requested an opinion from the U. S. Food and Drug Ad- ministration have received letters indicating that the Agency would not adversely criticize the labeling of herring as "large sardines" provided they are specifically May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES R&VIEW 67 SS 1 & 2 - Northern Anchovy (Pacific) ngraulis mord SMALL HERRING LESS THAN 9 Engraulis)mordax INCHES LONG (NO. 4) ARE PACKED BY MAINE, CANNERS AND LABELED AS’ SARDINES. CERTAIN CANNERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED BY THE U. S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION THAT TEMPORARILY THEY WON'T ADVERSELY CRITICIZE THE LABELING OF LARGE HER- RING OVER 9, 1NCHES LONG (No. 5) AS LARGE SAR- DINES. | PILCHARD AND AN- iS CHOVY ARE SHOWN IN SKETCH ek Sy FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES z f A ; AND ARE NOT AFFECTED BY 3-California Pilchard (Pacific) THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMIN- Sardinops caerulea Tine ISTRATION STATEMENT. 4 & 5 = Herring (Atlantic) Clupea harengus labeled "large sardines" clearly and conspicuously together with the packing medium. This will be a temporary expedient until the U. S. Food and Drug Administration is able to hold a public hearing on the matter and establish a standard of identity for canned sardines. Department of the Interior DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION ABOLISHED: Because of the progressive relaxa- tion of emergency controls, the Defense Fisheries Administration (DFA) will termi- nate its activities formally on June 30, 1953, Secretary of the Interior Douglas McKay announced on May 15. This defense agency was originally established on December 4, 1950, as a coun- terpart of World War II's Office of the Coordinator of Fisheries to handle manpower, material, production, and other problems confronting the fishery industry as a re- sult of the stepped-up defense production operations. After June 30, 1953, the following DFA functions will be continued in the Branch of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service: 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 (1) Making studies of proposed military restricted zones in marine areas; (2) Making studies of individual requests for draft deferment, delays in recall of Reservists, and discharges from the military of persons employed in the commercial fisheries; (3S) Making studies of and compiling data on material and equip- ment requirements for the industry under various degrees of mobilization; (4) Rendering spot assistance to the fishery industry in obtain- ing scarce materials, equipment, and supplies; and (5) Making studies and recommendations concerning applications for Federal financing of fishery facilities. The resignation of Maurice Rattray was accepted by the Secretary on April 29, 19535. Rattray was recruited in January 1951 and served as a Deputy Administrator and later as Assistant to the Administrator. Key personnel of DFA's remaining staff will be returned to the Branch of Com- mercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, from which they were originally se- lected. These personnel include Fred F. Johnson, DFA Executive Officer, who will return as one of the two Assistant Chiefs.of the Branch of Commercial Fisheries; E. A. Power, DFA Chief of the Branch of Material Facilities, who will resume his duties as Chief of the Statistical Section; and R. A. Kahn, Chief of DFA's Branch of Economic Facilities, who will return as Chief of the Section of Heconomics and Cooperative Marketing. The text of the order as it appeared inthe Federal Register of May 19 follows: Office of the Secreiary | oe. on June 30, 1953. The Administration] personnel and miscellaneous adminis- [Order No. 2722] : > Jay . a : will proceed at once, in conformity with|.trative matters, to the extent possible. DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION applicable laws and regulations, to ter-|and the completion of current surveys ABOLITION minate its activities as rapidly as pos- and | reports. Any unfinished adminis- sible. Proper provision will be made for trative work as of that date will be as- May 13, 1953. |} the liquidation of fiscal accounts, the sumed by the Fish and Wildlife Service. The Defense Fisheries Administration} disposition of official records and Gov Douctas McKay is abolished as of the close of business}ernment property, the completion of al i D Secretary of the Interior. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE JOHN L. FARLEY TAGS OATH AS DIRECTOR: John L. Farley of Seattle, Wash., was sworn in at Seattle on May 25as Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Federal District Judge John C. Bowen administered the oath. The ceremony was conducted at a breakfast meeting of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce and was witnessed by 60 or more busi- ness associates of Farley, and representatives of the Pacific Northwest fishing industry. Under Secretary of the Interior Ralph Tudor, who had just returned from an Alaska inspection tour, was also present and spoke briefly. Farley was scheduled to address a meeting of the Western Wildlife Association in Long Beach, Calif., on June 1 and to speak before the annual meeting of the Izaak Walton League in Grand Rapids, Mich., on Jume 4. He was expected to report for duty in Washington on June 6. a ~< SS May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 Interstate Commerce Commission RAILWAY EXPRESS AGENCY TO CONTINUE EXPRESS SERVICES: Counsel for certain United States railroads on May 27 in Interstate Commerce Commission docket Ex Parte 185 stated that the present type and scope of national express service will be continued by the Railway Express Agency after February 28, 1954, in accordance with a draft proposal of an agreement between the railroads and the agency nowunder consideration. of fishing ‘RLORE and equipment, a May 5 news release from that agency reports. The contract period covering these purchases is from May 1, 1953, to November 30, 19535. The terminal delivery date is November 30, 1954. Formosa is authorized to make these MSA-financed purchases in the United States and Possessions, United King- dom, or Japan. OK OK OK OK THAILAND TO PURCHASE FISHING GEAR EEE MSA FUNDS: —-_§_ Thailand has been authorized by the Mutual Security Agency to spend Ble, ¢ 000 for the purchase of fishing gear, a May 14 news release from that agency reports. Thailand is authorized to make this MSA-financed purchase in the United States and Possessions. Procurement of this fishing gear will be carried out through another U. S. Gov- ernment agency. Eighty-Third Congress (First Session) APRIL 1953 Listed below are public bills and resolutions introduced and referred to com- mittees or passed by the Bighty-Third Congress (First Session) and signed by the President that directly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries. Public bills and resolutions are shown in this section only when introduced and, asf passed, when signed by the President; but also shown are the more pertinent reports, hearings, to month. BILLS INTRODUCED: Distribution of Fishery Products: S. 1731 (Saltonstall) — A bill to further encourage the dis- tribution of fishery products, and for other pur— poses; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. (This bill provides that from funds a— vailable to the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the provisions of section 32 of the Act of Au-— gust 24, 1935, 49 Stat. 774, as amended, $1,000,000 a year shall be transferred to the Secretary of the Interior. Of this, $750,000 shall be used to pro- mote the free flow of domestically—produced fishery products in commerce by conducting a fishery educa— tional service and fishery technological andrelat— or chamber actions on some of the bills shown in this section from month ed research programs; and $250,000 to develop and increase markets for domestic fishery products. Similar to H. R. 4303 (Lane) but does not provide for Government “purchase of surplus fishery products.) Interior Appropriations: H. Re 4828 (Jensen) - A bill making appropriations for the Department of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Appropriations. (This bill includes appropriations for the Fish and Wildlife Service.) This bill reported out by the Committee (H. Repte 3k). 70 Regulation of Chemical Additives in Food: H. R. 4901 (Miller of f Nebraska) — A bill to amend the Fed= eral Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended, by providing for the regulation of chemical additives in food to insure that such chemical additive has been adequately pretested and declared safe; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Return of Fishing Vessels: S. J. Res. 67 (Tobey)- Joint resolution to repeal certain World War II laws relating to return of fishing vessels, and for oth— er purposes; to the Committee on Interstate andFor= eign Commerce. This bill repeals the Act of April COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIaW Vol. 15; No. 5 BILL REPORTED: emporary Economic Controls: Committee on Bank— ne and Currency repo. reported to Senate S. 1081, provid- ing authority for temporary economic controls and for other purposes, with amendment (S. Rept. 138). Be- fore reporting the bill, Committee amendments includ- ed one which would allow the President to allocate materials for general distribution in the civilian market if he finds either that it is a scare materi- al critical to the national defense, or that the na— tional defense requirements for the material cannot be met without creating significant dislocation of 29, 1943, that authorized the return to private own— | its normal distribution in the civilian market to a ership of certain vessels formerly used or suitable for use in the fisheries or industries related there= to; and the Act of August 10,1946, relating to the sale of surplus vessels suitable for fish. Vessels would be disposed of in accordance with other laws enacted prior to these two. Striped Bass Protection: H. R. 4585 (Delaney) - A bill to protect striped bass; to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. This- bill makes it unlawful to fish for striped bass within the mari- time and territorial jurisdiction of the United States by any means except a hook and line, Also: H. R. 4787 (Wolverton)... Trade Agreement Authority: H. R. 4533 (Ayres) - A bill to extend the authority of the President to enter into trade agreements under section 350 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also: H. R. ad (Robsion of Kentucky) oe. H. R. 4590 (Frelinghuysen) ... Hews Ee (Keating) oo H. Re 4592 (Hyde) es. H. Re. 4719 (Ford)... H. R. 4724 (Javits)... Tuna Import Duty: H. R. 4945 (Utt) - A bill to a- mend the Tariff Act of 1930, so as to impose certain duties upon the importation of tuna fish; to the Com mittee on Ways and Means, This bill imposes on tuna and tuna-like fish, fresh or frozen (whether or not packed in ice) whole or beheaded or eviscerated or both, or filleted, skinned, boned, sliced, or divid-— ed into portions, a 30 percent ad-valorem duty; ex-— cept that, for a quantity of tuna entered in each cal- endar year not in excess of 15 percent of the aver- age apparent annual consumption of tuna during the preceding three calendar years, the rate of duty shall be 15 percent ad valorem, This amendment shall apply to all tuna entered, or withdrawn fram warehouse, for consumption. degree creating appreciable hardship. BILLS PASSED: Interior Department Appropriations: The House passed, by a voice vote, H. R. 4828, making appro— priations for the Department of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, after rejecting a recommittal motion with instructions. (This billin— cludes appropriations for the Fish and Wildlife Serv— ice.) As reported from the Committee on Appropria— tions the bill carried appropriations of $40,863,239, which figure is $202,473,161 below the budget esti- mates and $137,874,262 under the 1953 appropriation. Amendments were adopted to: provide an additional $50,000 for expenses of planning in connection with the southeastern power area; provide $100,000 for ine vestigations in Alaska by the Bureau of Reclamation; increase by $1,217,104 the funds of the Bureau of Mines for conservation and development of mineral re= sources. Titles of States to Lands and Resources Beneath Navigable Waters: By a vote of 285 to 108 theHouse passed H. R. 4198, to confirm and establish the titles of the States to lands beneath navigable waters with— in State boundaries and to the natural resources with= in such lands and waters, and to provide for the use and control of said lands and resources and the re— sources of the outer Continental Shelf. A reconmit— tal motion was rejected by a vote of 283 to 106. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE: Reciprocal Trade Agreements: Senate received mes— sage from President transmitting recommendation that the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act be renewed for 1 year pending completion of a thorough and comprehen= sive reexamination of U.S. economic foreign policy— referred to Committee on Finance and ordered to be printed as S. Doc. 38. House received same message— referred to Committee on Ways and Means. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW mal Fl INDICAT CHART | - FISHERY LANDINGS 70 CUMULATIVE DATA 3 mgs. 1953 - 3 1952 - 18. 12 1952 - 295.8 60 JUAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FLORIDA CUMULATIVE DATA - 1953 = 1952 - . 1952 = 212.5) JAN FEB MAR _APR_MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NEW JERSEY CUMULATIVE DATA « 1953 = 9.6 1952 - 10.1 1952 - 220.6 3 Mi CALI FORN| A2/ CUMULATIVE DATA 4 MQS. 1953 - 142. 1952 - 97.9 1952 _- 611. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/ONLY PARTIAL--INCLUDES PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES AND MARKET FISH LANDINGS AT FRINCIPAL PORTS. SHERY ORS | for SELECTED STATES Pounds MASSACHUSETTS CUMULATIVE DATA 2 mgs. 1953 - 39.6 2 1952 - 45.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC LOUIS! ANAL/ CUMULATIVE DATA - 12.0 4 mgs, 1953 4 1952 12 1952 - 15.3 - 62.5 CUMULATIVE DATA - 1953 = 12.7) 1952 - 17.9) 1952 _- 127.1 CUMULATIVE DATA 2 mgs. 1953 - 2 1952 12 1952 2.4 2.7 7 0 4 JAN FEB MAR_APR_MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds HADDOCK j OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 2 mgs. 1953 - 20.5) 2) 1952— eal 12 1952 - 141.2 2 mgs. 1953 - Ai. nes 3 1 1 12 1952 - 18! 1.6 2.4 9.0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2 a In Millions WHITING (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 29s. 1953 - .2 2 aniee 19520— 50 12 1952 - 72.8 SHRIMP Gul f States!/ including Florida West Coast CUMULATIVE DATA 3.MQS. 1953 - 24.1 1952 - 31.9 1952 _- 156.1 y JAN FEB MAR APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 0 “JAN FEB MAR APR_MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/LA. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE NOT COMPLETE. In Thousands of Tons PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (California) MENHADEN (East and Gulf Coasts) 28 CUMULATIVE DATA 4 MQS. 1953 - 9.6 24] 4 i 1952 - 8.0 1952 - 82.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE FISH (Cali fornia) PILCHARD (California) MULATIVE DATA 4 MQS. 1953 - 40.7 ae 1952 - 34.2 12 1952 - 179.8 Legend 1952/53 SOTO S115 2) JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS x In Millions of Pounds U. S. & ALASKA HOLDINGS U. S. & ALASKA FREEZINGS 6 CUMULATIVE DATA 4 MgS. 1953 - 40.4 48 f 5 «1952 - 54.4 12 1952 - 313.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV. DEC NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS!/ MIDDLE & SOUTH ATLANTIC HOLDINGSS/ 0 “TAN FEB WAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OGT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC J/MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, AND CONNECTICUT. > = i mn > a 4 Q i=} > o 4 a 4 > | m a =| D fe) = z < 7) 9} € {| = MIDDLE WEST HOLDINGS3/ 9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC B/OHIO, IND., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., [OWA, MO., N. DAK., NEBR., & KANS. A/ALA., MISS., LA., TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN. WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS O'JAW FEB. WAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC La *Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES R&VIiW Vol. 15, Now 5 CHART 4- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases TUNA AND. TUNA=LIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA MACKEREL!/— CALIFORNIA Legend: ee 1953 1952 4 MQS. 1953 - 2) 4 i 1952 - x 1952 = 1,558.1 j= =< JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC J/iNCLUDES PACIFIC MACKEREL AND JACK MACKEREL. ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA SALMON - ALASKA CUMULATIVE DATA 4 MQS. 1953 - 474.4 52) = fo} 1 12 "1952 - 867.5 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV. DEC O JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV. DEC SARDINES (ESTIMATED) - MAINE STANDARD CASES Variety No.Cans Can Designation Net Wat. SARDINES 00 % drawn 3% OZ. SHRIMP .. 48 = 5 oz. MWS oscepconceess 48 No. = tuna 6&7 oz. 48 No. | oval 15 oz. SALMON .....0.-0. 48 |-pound tal| 16 oz. ANCHOVIES .......- 48 = |b. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SARDINES - CALIFORNIA SHRIMP - GULF STATES CUMULAT| VE DATA eS a CUMULATIVE DATA 1800 YS} 1952/53 SEASON, 1952/53 SEASON, N - 70.6 AUG. -JAN. AUG. -MAY 1951/52 SEASON, q RESVEE SERGE, AUG. -JAN. = 2,367.9 JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR-MAY JUNE AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERINS REVIEW 75 CHART 5 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS In Millions of Pounds GROUNDFISH (INCLUDING OCEAN PERCH) FILLETS, FRESH & FROZEN JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP, FRESH & FROZEN, FROM MEXICO UMULATIVE DATA 3 MgS. 1953 - 7.6 3, 1952 - 8.4 12 1952 - 33.8 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV. DEC TUNA, FRESH & FROZEN UMULATIVE DATA 12 3 MQS. 1953 - 13.6 3 1952 - 10.9 1952 - 69.0) FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH, FRESH & FROZEN CUMULATIVE DATA 3 MQS. 1953 - 12.0 Si ie os2irennities7 12 1952 - 52.8 JAN FEB MAR _APR_MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC LOBSTER & SPINY LOBSTER, FRESH & FROZEN CUMULATIVE DATA 3 MgS. 1953 - 11.0 3, 1952= 8.1 1952 = 39.0 SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS CANNED TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE FISH (IN OIL) CUMULATIVE DATA 3 MQS. 1953 - 5.5 3 7 1952 - 5.9 12 1952 - 18.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CANNED SARDINES (IN OLL AND NOT IN OIL) CUMULATIVE DATA 3 MQS. 1953 - 6.8 3 1952 - 6.7 12 "1953.21 34 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 15, No. 5 + = 2 =, 4 a = _ Recent publications of interest tothe commercial fishing industry are listed below Number CFS-835 CFS-844 CFS-845 CFS-846 CFS-847 CFS—848 CFS-850 CFS-851 CFS-854, CFS-855 CFS-856 CFS-857 CFS-858 CFS-859 CFS-860 CFS—861 CFS-863 CFS-869 FL -178 FL -336p- FL -393 Wholesale shams SL- 4 SIp=ia7 sli=—8 Sra), STp=ni5 Sips ay) SL - 18 Sipe Bil, 2s} SL - 40 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBL! CATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE DIVISION OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASH- INGTON 25, D. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS; Title Quarterly Outlook for Marketing Fishery Products, April-June 1953, 37 p. Preliminary Review of The Fisheries of The United States, 1952 (Revised), 20 p. December 1952. An account of experiments Dealers in Fishery Products (Revised): Massachusetts, 1953, 10 p. CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES AND ALASKA. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. SL - STATISTICAL SECTION LISTS OF DEALERS |N AND PRO- DUCERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SSR.-FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIM- |TED DISTRIBUTION). SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. Number Title Mississippi Landings, November 1952, 2 p. Firms Canning (Revised): Massachusetts Landings, December 1952, 8 p.| SL -102 - Maine Sardines, 1952, 2 p. Maine Landings, December 1952, 4 p. SL -102A- California Sardines, 1952, 1 p. Mississippi Landings, December 1952, 2 p. SL -103 - Tuna and Tuna-Like Fishes, 1952, 2 p. Florida Landings, December 1952, 6 p. SL -104 - Mackerel, 1952, 1 p. Texas Landings, January 1953, 4 p. SL -105 - Alewives and Alewife Roe, 1952, 1 p. New Jersey Landings, November 1952 2 p. SL -108 - Salmon Eggs for Bait, 1952, 1 p. New Jersey Landings, December 1952, 2 p. SL -109 - Caviar and Fish Roe, 1953, 2 p. Massachusetts Landings, January 1953, 7 p. SL -110 - Oysters, 1952, 2 p. Maine Landings, January 1953, 3 p. SL -116 - Food for Animals from Fishery Products, Mississippi Landings, January 1953, 2 p. UO 2.594 Florida Landings, January 1953, 6 p. SL -118 ~ Groundfish Flakes, 1952, 1 p. Texas Landings, February 1953, 4 p. Fish Meal and Oil, February 1953, 2 p. Firms Manufacturing (Revised): Lake Fisheries, 1951 Annual Summary, 5 p. SL -152 - Oyster Shell Products, 1952, 2 p. Frozen Fish Report, April 1953, 8 p. SL -155 - Marine-Shell Buttons, 1952, 1 p. Packaged Fish, 1952 Annual Summary, 4 p. SL -159 - Fresh-Water Mussel-Shell Products, 1952, Maine Landings, 1952 by Months, Annual ab} Summary, 6 p. Partial List of Fishing Boat Builders SSR-Fish. No. 92 - Use of Electricity in the Con- (Revised), 4 p. trol of Sea Lampreys: Electromechanical Weirs and Traps and Electrical Barriers, by Vernon C. Applegate, Bernard R.Smith, and Willis L. Nielsen, 56 p., illus., conducted in 1951 and 1952 with electro- mechanical and electrical barriers for the blocking and/or capture of sea-lam- Rhode Island, 1953, 2 p. prey runs in tributary streams of north- New Jersey, 1952, 5 p. ern Lake Huron and northern Lake Michi- Pennsylvania, 1952, 3 p. gan. Details are presented on structur- South Carolina, 1952, 3 p. al characteristics, experimental manipu- Georgia, 1952, 2 p. lations, and effects on sea lampreys and Alabama, 1952, 3 pe other fish. All installations were op- Mississippi, 1952, 3 p. erated from 110-volt alternating-current Oregon, 1952, 4 pe power. On the basis of the experiments Washington, 1952, 8 p. detailed, recommendations are offeredon Oklahoma, 1951, 1 p. devices suitable for the control of sea May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RaViswW 27 lampreys under various stream conditions. The general structure and plan, and elec- trical characteristics of the devices must be adjusted to such factors asdepth of water and extent of its fluctuation, i1ate of stream flow, physical natureand conductivity of bottom materials, conduc- tivity of water, and need for the pro- tection of fish that migrate simultane- ously with the sea lamprey. Sep. 347 - Experimental Tuna Purse Seining in the Central Pacific. THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATION IS FOR SALE AND IS AVAIL-= Laws and Regulations for Protection of the Commer- cial Fisheries of Alaska, 1953, Regulatory An- nouncement 39, 2 p., printed, March 1953, 20 cents. This publication is divided into two sea- tions. One section contains laws for the protec- tion of the commercial fisheries of Alaska andre- lated information, including the authority for regulation, rules regarding oyster culture, Bris- tol Bay residence requirements, regulation of salm- MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILD- LIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES ISSUING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE AGENCIES OR PUBLISHERS MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. on escapement, fishing-gear restrictions, excep- tions to weekly closed seasons, etc. The second section contains all the regulations for the pro- teetion of the commercial fisheries of Alaska, amended to date, and which became effective A- pril 6, 1953. These 1953 regulations supersede the regulations published in Regulatory Announce- ment 35 which became effective March 15, 1952. Bullfrog Farming and Frogging in Florida, Bulletin No. 56, 80 p., illus., printed. Department of Agriculture, Tallahassee, Fla., January 1952. Describes the raising of frogs and the necessity of scientific handling for market. Brief descrip- tions are presented of the characteristics and habits of the southern bullfrog, Rana lio, and the common bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, and the bi- ology of the family of Ranidae. Among the sub- jects covered are: catching wild frogs; econom- ic value of frogs; raising bullfrogs domestical- ly; establishment of a frog farm in Florida; stocking ponds; preparation of frogs for market; and famous ways to serve frog meat. A list of publications on frogs is also included. The frog industries of Japan and France are alsodiscussed. scribes a simple, inexpensive wooden holding unit in which commercial quantities of lobsters have been kept alive and active for several weeks. A diagram of the wooden tank and details of a filter box are included. The factors, such as temperature, salinity, and oxygen, which con- trol the survival of lobsters in both natural and artificial sea water, are also discussed. Home Curing of Meats and Fish, by A. W. Oliver and E. W. Harvey, Extension Bulletin 731, 10 p., printed. Federal Cooperative ExtensionService, Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon, Decem- ber 1952. Contains a section on the home cur- ing of salmon. Instructions are given for pre- paring mild-cured salmon, and light-smoked or kippered salmon, Methods are also given for preparingsalted sablefish (black cod) and salted smelt, besides the curing of other meats. Commercial Fishing --America's Oldest Industry,16 p., illus., printed. Gulf Oil Corporation, Gulf Re- fining Company, Pittsburgh 30, Pa. This color- fully illustrated booklet presentsthe background and importance of the commercial fishing industry-- the oldest established industry in the United Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council Proceedings (3rd Meeting, lst-l6th February 1951, Madras, India), SectionI, pp.1-56, and Sections II and III, pp. States. It gives the highlights of the industry 57-227, illus., printed. Food and Agriculture as practiced today in the six principal fishing Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, areas of the country--New England, Middle Atlan- 1951. Section I reports proceedings. It gives tic, South Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes, the reports of the various committees; a summa- and West Coast. Such items as precise geograph— ry account of the meeting; and the agenda and ic locations, types of fish found in the waters program of the meeting. It also lists the tech- of the area, and methods of fishing aredescribed nical papers presented at the meeting, and lists in each of the sections. New developments with- the delegates, alternates, experts, advisers, in the industry and within each of the fishing and observers. Section IJ contains the techni- areas are outlined--gill-net fishing, the spot- cal papers presented at the meeting by delega- ting of menhaden schools by airplane, new vari- tions. Some of the papers relating to com- ties of fish, and new fishing areas. It contains mercial fisheries are as follows: "Statement several pages on fish-processing plants. on Marine Investigations in Malaya," by Tham Ah Kow; "The Economic Marine Algae of Malaysia and their Applications--II The Phaeophyta," by J. S. ter, by D. G. Wilder, General Series No.21,4p., illus., printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Atlantic Biological Station, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada, January 1953. This circular sum- marizes the conditions required for the success- ful holding of live lobsters. The author de- Zaneveld; "Indigenous Marine Fishing Gear of Thailand--Supplementary Notes," by Swarng Charernphol; "A Consideration of the Classifica- tion of Fishing Gear and Methods," by T.W. Burdon; "An Attempt at Classification of Fishing Methods," by C. J. Bottemanne; "Sur la Pisciculture au Cam- 78 COMMERCIAL FISTERIAS REVIEW Vol. 15; No. 5 WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AGENCIES ISSUING THEM. bodge (Fish Culture in Cambodia)," by M. M. La- font et Savoeun; "Fish Culture in Pakistan," by Nazir Ahmad; "Investigation of Sea-weed Products in India with a Note on Some Properties of Vari- ous Indian Agars," by Francesca Thivy; "A Survey of the Sea Fisheries of India," by D. V. Bal and S. K. Banerji; "L'Organisation du Service des Peches du Cambodge (Organization of Fisheries Department in Cambodia," by Par M. Dom-Savoeun; and "Working of Fisheries Programmes by Member Countries of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council," by Dr. H. Srinivasa Rao. Section III contains the symposium papers, mainly on the collection of eggs and fry for transplanting. Department of Fisheries, 1308 Smith Tower, Seattle 4, Washington, 1953. Discusses the problems and policies of the Department of Fisheries, with par- ticular reference to the rehabilitation of the salmon fisheries. The research and management program for both fish and shellfish, and the De- partment's artificial propagation activities are commented on in considerable detail. Coopera- tive programs with other states, the Federal Gov- ernment, and the International Pacific Salmon Commission are discussed. The report likewise contains information on the Department's enforce- ment program, the orders of the Director issued in 1951 and 1952, a list of departmental per- sonnel, a summary of 1951 catch statistics, his- torical data on the catch of fishery products, and the pack of canned salmon. Washington Department of Fisheries, Sixty-Second Annual Report, 128 p., printed. WashingtonState --E. A. Power SCHOOLING FISH CAN SEE Vision plays a dominant role in the schooling of fish, although other senses may contribute. Only in tuna schools do individual fish act as leaders. Fish that cannot see one another will not school, nor even form into aggre- gations, reports Dr. James W. Atz, ichthyologist of the New York Zoological Society. Vision plays the dominant role in fish schooling, although other senses like touch, hearing, and smell may have lesser parts. A true school of fish is a group in which all individuals are facing a common direction, parallel and regularly spaced, and moving at a uniform speed. Aggrega-— tions are groups in which fish are attracted together but without uniform spacing or direction. There may be cases of "false schooling," when agsregations of fish line up in the same direction in response to a water current. In an experiment with sunfish (Lepomis) , en ageregation all lined up regularly when a current was started in their tank, but the group broke up as soon as the flow was stopped. One popular theory explains fish schooling to work essentially this way: (1) two or more fish swim towards each other when they come into visual range; (2) they line up in parallel paths to keep each other in the desired close range while on the move or in a strong current; (3) a certain antagonism, however, may act to keep them a minimum distance apart. Another idea is that schooling fish use one another as visual reference points, to help locate themselves in the empty space of water. Typical schooling fish are usually those of the open sea, where there is practically nothing--except another fish--for a constantly moving fish to fix upon to give him a-sense of location. In general, fish in the center of a school are much closer together than those nearer the edge. With the exception of tuna schools, there are no reports that in- dividual fish act as leaders of schools. --Science News Letter, May 16, 1953. May 1953 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CONTENTS, CONTINUED FOREIGN (CONTD.) MOZAMB| QUE: REVIEW OF THE FISHERIES, 1950 ceooccece NORWAY! EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1952 2... AUTOMATIC WEIGHING MACHINE FOR HERRING WHALE AND SPERM OIL PRODUCTION, NOSA/SOayvareveteveiersicleisis Neloieisievcierslevslelere ree PHILIPPINES: |MPORTS AND EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUGTS 1 S5il=52 lee cieisicjeisiciele leis eeieiee PORTUGAL? COD INDUSTRY eoccesescseccrscvercre0ece THA! LAND: GOVERNMENT=SUPERVISED WHOLESALE FISH MARKET coccsecverccccvccrcrccevrerccece UNITED KINGDOM: STATUS OF |CELAND!IC=BRITISH FISHING DISPUTE sevecvcccescevecoeerecrceccece VENEZUELA: FISHING REGULATIONS cocccercecccvsevce PEARL FISHING IN 1953 SEASON NOT PROFITABLE wecccocevccccccccccceccoce FEDERAL ACTIONS: .ecccccccecccccesvccccce GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION: NEW INTERIM CANNED SALMON SPECIFICATION cocccceccccccreccccscce DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE: FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION: LARGE HERRING MAY BE TEMPORARILY LABELED LARGE SARDINES eocoececreoeee PAGE 37 37 58 59 59 61 61 62 63 64 65 66 66 FEDERAL ACTIONS (cONTD.) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR? DEFENSE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION ABOWMISHEO Me mturcrcteretete elnisisterereio) steteie haters FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE: JOHN L. FARLEY TAKES OATH AS DIRECTOR INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION: EXPRESS AGENCY TO CONTINUE EXPRESS SERVICES ela ee niles onictetersiots soreiaie MUTUAL SECURITY AGENCY: FORMOSA TO PURCHASE FISHING TRAWLERS AND EQUIPMENT WITH MSA FUNDS .eceovee THAILAND TO PURCHASE FISHING GEAR WITH MSA FUNDS ccosoreceegeercecveccer0gee E|GHTY=THIRD CONGRESS (First SESSIONS, APRIL 1953 coccorceeccverevescrccecccce FISHERY INDICATORSS cceoccsescecserervcvcn CHART 1 - FISHERY LANDINGS FOR SELECTED STATES cecvccceceeccervcvcs0recrer 20008 CHART 2 = LANDINGS FOR SELECTED FISHERIES coccccccsecscvccccrervcerece CHART 3 = COLD=STORAGE HOLDINGS AND FREEZINGS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS cecscooee CHART 4 - CANNED PACKS OF SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS seerccccceccsccescccere CHART 5 - U. Se FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS coccccccceccvecccececceecccece RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS eocccececeee wg, PAGE —— Editorial Assistant--Ruth V. Compositors--Jean Zalevsky, Keefe Betty Coakley, Illustrator--Gustaf T. and Alma Greene * * * OF * Photograph Credits: tographer for each photograph in this issue. were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. P. 40--A. W. Anderson; p. 63--Food and Agriculture Organization. INTERIOR DUPLICATING SECTION, WASHINGTON, D. (Ge JOB #43497 Sundstrom Page by page, the following list gives the sourcé or pho- Photographs on pages not mentioned | (NN COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW MAILING LIST BEING CIRCULAR] mM Federal regulations ae that le COMMERCIAL sailing liste weiss eee | ERIE : sent toall those on the Commercial Fisher- ies Review mailing list. (Indivi iduals or firms who have requested their names added to the mailing list subsequent to March 1, 1953, will not receive a circularization letter and will be retained on the mailing list, unless the recipient meanwhile requests that his name be removed.) Firms or individuals who donot return the circularization letter will be dropped from the Commercial Fisheries Review mail- ing list. The June 1953 issue will be the last one to be mailed tothose in the United States who donot reply, andthe August 1953 issue willbe the last one for those in for- - eign countries. If you don"t want to miss WANCHIISSIN any issues of the Review, return the cir- cularization letter promptly. FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE United States Department of the Interior - > + Washington, D.C. Comments or suggestions regarding the Review will be avpreciated by the editors. a-8el °A°N feOCUqT AYISASATUN T1TSUs0n ‘1T1eW MOUZSY UOTYBAATSSUOD FO *4d98q "ap ‘SQqtD °H 44eq09 oTz°S - 6/9 - BMNW Wtod GTOT °ON +fuLted SSANISNG 1VIDI440 ‘DG ‘S2@ NOLONIHSVM BOIANaS 3SIN01IM ONY HSI 00€$ ‘3DV1SOd 40 LNSWAVd YOIMSLNI SAHL JO LNAWLYVdsAd GIOAV O01 ASN ALVAINd HOA ALIVNAd S31LVLS G3ALINN eee oe